Seepage Investigation and Selected Hydrologic Data for the 

Escalante River Drainage Basin, Garfield and Kane Counties, 

Utah, 1909-2002

Prepared in cooperation with the

U. S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR, BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT, 

GRAND STAIRCASE-ESCALANTE NATIONAL MONUMENT

By Dale E. Wilberg and Bernard J. Stolp

Salt Lake City, Utah

2005

U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5233
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

GALE A. NORTON, Secretary

U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

Charles G. Groat, Director

For additional information write to: Copies of this report can be purchased from:

U.S. Geological Survey

Branch of Information Services

Building 810

Box 25286, Denver Federal Center

Denver, CO 80225-0286

1-888-ASK-USGS

Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does 

not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.

District Chief

U.S. Geological Survey

2329 West Orton Circle

Salt Lake City, Utah 84119

http://ut.water.usgs.gov
 iii

CONTENTS

Abstract .................................................................................................................................................................................................... 1

Introduction .................................................................................................................................................................................................... 1

Physical Setting and Hydrogeology................................................................................................................................................... 2

Previous Studies.................................................................................................................................................................................... 2

Methods................................................................................................................................................................................................. 3

Acknowledgments................................................................................................................................................................................ 5

Seepage Investigation of the Escalante River Drainage Basin............................................................................................................... 5

Environmental Tracer Sampling.......................................................................................................................................................... 6

Comparison of 1981 and 2001 Seepage Investigations................................................................................................................ 8

Hydrologic and Water-Quality Data............................................................................................................................................................. 10

Summary .................................................................................................................................................................................................... 10

References Cited............................................................................................................................................................................................... 11

FIGURES

Plate 1. Map showing location of selected surface-water sites and springs, Escalante River drainage basin,

Garfield and Kane Counties, Utah................................................................................................................... plate.pdf

Figure 1. Map showing instantaneous discharge and specific-conductance measurements made on October 23 

and 24, 2001, along the Escalante River, Garfield and Kane Counties, Utah............................................................... 7

Figure 2. Graph showing streamflow on October 21, 1981, and October 23, 2001, along the Escalante River,

Garfield and Kane Counties, Utah......................................................................................................................................... 9
TABLES

iv 

Table 1. Records of selected surface-water sites and springs in the Escalante River drainage 

basin, Garfield and Kane Counties, Utah ...................................................................................... 14

Table 2. Error analysis for data collected during seepage investigation along 15 reaches of the 

Escalante River between gaging station 09337500 and Stevens Canyon, Garfield and 

Kane Counties, Utah, October 2001 .............................................................................................. 17

Table 3. Discharge, specific conductance, and temperature of water measured during seepage 

investigations along the Escalante River and tributaries, Garfield and Kane Counties, 

Utah, October 1981 and October 2001 .......................................................................................... 19

Table 4. Field measurements of specific conductance and water temperature from selected surfacewater sites and springs in the Escalante River drainage basin, Garfield and Kane Counties, 

Utah, 1951-2002 ............................................................................................................................ 21

Table 5. Tritium concentration in water from selected surface-water sites and springs along the 

Escalante River and tributaries, Garfield and Kane Counties, Utah, 2001.................................... 23

Table 6. Chlorofluorocarbon concentration in water from selected surface-water sites and springs 

along the Escalante River and tributaries, Garfield and Kane Counties, Utah, 2001 ................... 24

Table 7. Selected data for gaging stations in the Escalante River drainage basin, Garfield and Kane 

Counties, 1909-2002 ..................................................................................................................... 25

Table 8. Field measurements of specific conductance and water temperature at gaging station at 

Pine Creek near Escalante (09337000, site 9), Garfield County, Utah, 1971-91 ........................... 27

Table 9. Field measurements of specific conductance and water temperature at gaging station at 

Escalante River near Escalante (09337500, site 10), Garfield County, Utah, 1969-2001 ............ 30

Table 10. Physical properties and results of chemical analyses for water from the gaging station 

at Escalante River near Escalante (09337500, site 10), Garfield County, Utah, 1969-72 ............. 32

Table 11. Physical properties and results of chemical analyses for water from the gaging station 

at Escalante River at mouth (09339500, site 64), Kane County, Utah, 1951-53............................ 33

Table 12. Physical properties and results of chemical analyses for water from selected surfacewater sites and springs in the Escalante River drainage basin, Garfield and Kane Counties, 

Utah, 1981-2002 ............................................................................................................................ 37
CONVERSION FACTORS, DATUMS, AND ABBREVIATED WATER-QUALITY 

UNITS

 v

Water temperature is reported in degrees Celsius (oC) and degrees Fahrenheit (oF) and may be converted by using the following equations:

Vertical coordinate information is referenced to the National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 

(NGVD 29). Horizontal coordinate information is referenced to the North American Datum of 1927 

(NAD 27).

Concentrations of chemical constituents in water are reported either in milligrams per liter (mg/L) or 

micrograms per liter (μg/L). Milligrams per liter and micrograms per liter are units expressing the 

concentration of chemical constituents in solution as mass (grams) of solute per unit volume (liter) of 

water. A liter of water is assumed to weigh 1 kilogram, except for brines or water at high temperatures 

because of significant changes in the density of the water. For concentrations less than 7,000 mg/L or 

7,000,000 μg/L, the numerical value is the same as for concentrations in parts per million or parts per 

billion, respectively.

Specific conductance is reported in microsiemens per centimeter (μS/cm) at 25 degrees Celsius. Tritium concentration in water is reported as tritium units (TU). The ratio of 1 atom of tritium to 1018

atoms of hydrogen is equal to 1 TU. Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are measured in picomoles per kilogram (pmoles/kg), which is equivalent to parts per quadrillion.

Multiply By To obtain

cubic foot per second (ft3/s) 0.02832 cubic meter per second

448.8 gallon per minute

foot (ft) 0.3048 meter

mile (mi) 1.609 kilometer

square mile (mi2) 2.59 square kilometer

oF = 1.8 (oC) + 32 oC = (oF - 32) / 1.8.
vi 

NUMBERING SYSTEM USED FOR HYDROLOGIC-DATA SITES IN UTAH

The system of numbering hydrologic-data sites in Utah is based on the cadastral land-survey system of the U.S. Government. The number describes its position in the land net. The land-survey system divides the State into four quadrants separated by the Salt Lake Base Line and 

the Salt Lake Meridian. These quadrants are designated by the uppercase letters A, B, C, and D, indicating the northeast, northwest, southwest, 

and southeast quadrants, respectively. Numbers designating the township and range, in that order, follow the quadrant letter, and all three are 

enclosed in parentheses. The number after the parentheses indicates the section and is followed by three lowercase letters indicating the quarter 

section, the quarter-quarter section, and the quarter-quarter-quarter section—generally 10 acres for a regular section1. The lowercase letters a, 

b, c, and d indicate, respectively, the northeast, northwest, southwest, and southeast quarters of each subdivision. The number after the letters 

is the serial number of the well or spring within the 10-acre tract. When the serial number is not preceded by a letter, the number designates a 

well. When the serial number is preceded by an “S,” the number designates a spring. Thus, (D-35-5)9bda-1 designates the first hydrologic-data 

site visited in the northeast 1/4 of the southeast 1/4 of the northwest 1/4 of section 9, T. 35 S., R. 5 E.

1Although the basic land unit, the section, is theoretically 1 square mile, many sections are irregular in size and shape. Such sections 

are subdivided into 10-acre tracts, generally beginning at the southeast corner, and the surplus or shortage is taken up in the tracts along the 

north and west sides of the section.

c

(D-35-5)9bda-1

6 5 4 3 2 1

7 8 9 10 11 12

18 17 16 15 14 13

19 20 21 22 23 24

30 29 28 27 26 25

31 32 33 34 35 36

R. 5 E.

T.

35

S.

Sections within a township Tracts within a section

Section 9

c

b a

c d

a

d

6 miles 1 mile

9.7 kilometers 1.6 kilometers

a

hydrologicSALT LAKE BASE LINE

UTAH

SALT LAKE MERIDIAN

C D

B A

SaltLake C ity

T.35 S., R.5 E.

d

b

b

data site
Abstract 1

Seepage Investigation and Selected Hydrologic Data for the 

Escalante River Drainage Basin, Garfield and Kane Counties, 

Utah, 1909-2002

By Dale E. Wilberg and Bernard J. Stolp

ABSTRACT

This report contains the results of an October 

2001 seepage investigation conducted along a reach of 

the Escalante River in Utah extending from the U.S. 

Geological Survey streamflow-gaging station near 

Escalante to the mouth of Stevens Canyon. Discharge 

was measured at 16 individual sites along 15 

consecutive reaches. Total reach length was about 86 

miles. A reconnaissance-level sampling of water for 

tritium and chlorofluorcarbons was also done. In 

addition, hydrologic and water-quality data previously 

collected and published by the U.S. Geological Survey 

for the 2,020-square-mile Escalante River drainage 

basin was compiled and is presented in 12 tables. These 

data were collected from 64 surface-water sites and 28 

springs from 1909 to 2002.

None of the 15 consecutive reaches along the 

Escalante River had a measured loss or gain that 

exceeded the measurement error. All discharge 

measurements taken during the seepage investigation 

were assigned a qualitative rating of accuracy that 

ranged from 5 percent to greater than 8 percent of the 

actual flow. Summing the potential error for each 

measurement and dividing by the maximum of either 

the upstream discharge and any tributary inflow, or the 

downstream discharge, determined the normalized 

error for a reach. This was compared to the computed 

loss or gain that also was normalized to the maximum 

discharge. A loss or gain for a specified reach is 

considered significant when the loss or gain 

(normalized percentage difference) is greater than the 

measurement error (normalized percentage error). The 

percentage difference and percentage error were 

normalized to allow comparison between reaches with 

different amounts of discharge. 

INTRODUCTION

Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument 

was established in 1996 for the protection, 

preservation, and scientific study of the natural and 

cultural resources. In keeping with those goals, the 

U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is working 

cooperatively with the U.S. Bureau of Land 

Management (BLM) to identify and understand the 

hydrologic system within the monument. Specifically, 

this includes studying (1) baseline characteristics and 

variability, (2) regional and subregional surface- and 

ground-water systems, and (3) site-specific processes 

and interaction.

Much of the land in the Escalante River drainage 

basin is managed by the Grand Staircase-Escalante 

National Monument (pl. 1). The Escalante River is the 

largest perennial stream in the monument and creates 

important aquatic and riparian habitat. A seepage 

investigation of the river was conducted to better 

understand the hydrologic connection to the 

surrounding ground-water system. The seepage 

investigation was designed to determine (1) if large 

amounts of surface water in the Escalante River are lost 

or gained, (2) where those losses or gains occurred, (3) 

the amount of losses or gains and if they are significant, 

and (4) which rock units are involved. If specific 

reaches of the river have significantly large losses or 

gains, then those reaches could be the focus of future, 

detailed seepage investigations. Similarly, if specific 

rock units are large sources or sinks of surface water, 

then those units could be the focus of future detailed 

seepage investigations.

This report contains the results of the October 

2001 seepage investigation along the Escalante River 

and comparison with an October 1981 seepage 
2 Seepage Investigation and Selected Hydrologic Data, Garfield and Kane Counties, Utah, 1909-2002

investigation. It also includes a compilation of all 

hydrologic and water-quality data collected by the 

USGS within the Escalante River drainage basin from 

1909 to 2002. 

Discharge measurements, seepage loses and 

gains, results of environmental tracer analyses, and the 

historical data for 64 surface-water sites and 28 springs 

(pl. 1) are presented in a series of tables located at the 

end of the report. All sites presented in this report are 

organized in downstream order in table 1. For each site, 

any additional tables that contain data for the site and 

the original source of the data are listed in table 1. The 

site identification (site ID) is a unique number that is 

needed for the data to be accessed electronically within 

the USGS National Water Information System (NWIS) 

and is based on the latitude-longitude of a site or, in the 

case of a streamflow gage, the station number.

Physical Setting and Hydrogeology

The area of the Escalante River drainage basin is 

approximately 2,020 mi2 as measured from the point 

where the Escalante River formerly joined the 

Colorado River, now covered by Lake Powell. The 

drainage basin is located within the High Plateau 

section and the Canyon Lands section of the Colorado 

Plateau physiographic province (Hunt, 1974). The 

high-altitude, lava-capped Aquarius Plateau, which is 

bounded by the Paunsagunt Fault on the west, is in the 

High Plateau section. The eroded sandstone canyons of 

the Escalante River and its tributaries are in the Canyon 

Lands section. Altitude ranges from about 11,200 ft 

near the headwaters of East Fork Boulder Creek on 

Boulder Mountain to 3,700 ft at lake level when Lake 

Powell is full. Altitude of data-collection sites ranges 

from 9,315 ft at the East Fork Boulder Creek gage 

(USGS stream gage 09338000) to 3,380 ft at the former 

site of the Escalante River at mouth gage (USGS 

stream gage 09339500). Average basin altitude is 6,400 

ft. In addition to the canyons of the Escalante River and 

its tributaries, major geographic features are the (1) 

Aquarius Plateau and Boulder Mountain on the north 

where perennial tributaries such as Birch, North, Pine, 

Mamie, Death Hollow, Sand, Calf, Boulder, and Deer 

Creeks originate; (2) Escalante Mountains on the west 

that include Griffin Top and Barney Top, where 

drainage divides separate the Paria, East Fork of Sevier, 

Fremont, and the Escalante Rivers; (3) Kaiparowits 

Plateau and Fiftymile Mountain to the southwest, 

south, and southeast; and (4) Waterpocket Fold and 

Circle Cliffs to the east and northeast (pl. 1). 

Two geohydrologic units crop out in the canyon 

of the Escalante River along the channel reach where 

the October 2001 seepage investigation was done, the 

Navajo aquifer of Jurassic age and the underlying 

Chinle-Moenkopi confining unit of Triassic age 

(Freethey and Cordy, 1991, p. C12-C21). The Navajo 

aquifer primarily is composed of massive, very fine- to 

medium-grained, well sorted, crossbedded sandstones 

of the Wingate Sandstone, Navajo Sandstone, and Page 

Sandstone, and interbedded fluvial sandstone, siltstone, 

and mudstone of the Kayenta Formation (Freethey and 

Cordy, 1991, p. C17). The Page Sandstone does not 

crop out at river level. The Chinle-Moenkopi confining 

unit is composed of fluvial and lacustrine sandstone, 

siltstone, shale, and bentonitic mudstone of the 

undifferentiated Chinle Formation (Hackman and 

Wyant, 1973, sheet 1). The Moenkopi Formation does 

not crop out in the area of seepage investigation.

Massive cliffs and deeply incised canyons are cut 

into the Navajo and Wingate Sandstones and the 

stepped slopes of Kayenta Formation from Pine Creek 

at Mile 0 to below Twentyfive Mile Wash near Mile 55. 

The Chinle Formation first crops out at Mile 55 along 

the outside bends on the north side of the river and 

crops out continuously from about Mile 59 (1 mi above 

Moody Creek) to about Mile 84 (2 mi above Stevens 

Canyon). Maximum incision into the soft Chinle 

Formation by the Escalante River occurs between Mile 

68 and Mile 77. Removal of the easily erodable Chinle 

Formation undercuts the support of the overlying 

Wingate Sandstone cliffs, which causes them to 

collapse and the canyon to widen. Large talus and 

rockslide deposits, primarily composed of boulders 

from the Wingate Sandstone, and rotational slump 

block deposits, composed of Chinle Formation, are 

well developed in this reach of the river.

Previous Studies

Records of surface-water discharge data for the 

following USGS stream gages (station number in 

parentheses) in the Escalante River drainage basin are 

published in the following USGS Water-Supply Papers 

(WSP): WSP 1313 (U.S. Geological Survey, 1954) for 

the period before 1950 for Escalante River (09337500, 

called Escalante Creek before 1913); WSP 1733 (U.S. 

Geological Survey, 1964) for 1950-60 for North Creek 
Introduction 3

(09335500), Birch Creek near Escalante (09336000), 

Birch Creek at mouth (09336500), Pine Creek 

(09337000), Escalante River (09337500), East Fork 

Boulder Creek (09338000), East Fork Deer Creek 

(09338500), Boulder Creek (09339000), and Escalante 

River at mouth (09339500); and WSP 1925 (U.S. 

Geological Survey, 1970) for 1961-65 and WSP 2125 

(U.S. Geological Survey, 1973) for 1966-70 for Pine 

Creek (09337000) and East Fork Boulder Creek 

(09338000). Annual maximum discharges are 

published in WSP 1313 (U.S. Geological Survey, 

1954), WSP 1925 (U.S. Geological Survey, 1970), and 

WSP 2125 (U.S. Geological Survey, 1973) for creststage partial-record stations at Birch Creek near 

Escalante (09336000), Upper Valley Creek near 

Escalante (09336400), East Fork Deer Creek near 

Boulder (09338500), Deer Creek near Boulder 

(09338900), and Twentymile Wash near Escalante 

(09339200). Surface-water records of active gages in 

the Escalante River drainage basin have been published 

annually since 1962 in USGS publications referred to 

as Surface Water Records of Utah (U.S. Geological 

Survey, 1962-65) and Water Resources Data for Utah 

(U.S. Geological Survey, 1966-82; ReMillard and 

others, 1983-96; Herbert and others, 1997-2002; 

Wilberg and others, 2003).

Cloudburst floods in Utah were described by 

Woolley (1946) for 1850-1938 and by Butler and 

Marsel (1972) for 1939-69. Both reports contain 

descriptions of floods in the Escalante River drainage 

basin. A summary of maximum discharges in streams 

in Utah was authored by Whitaker (1969) and includes 

data collected at partial-record stations described 

above. Equations for estimating streamflow 

characteristics including average discharge and annual 

maximum 1-, 7-, and 15-day mean discharges for 

recurrence intervals of 10, 50, and 100 years were 

determined at or near the gages in the Escalante River 

drainage basin by Christiansen and others (1986). 

Equations for estimating the magnitude and flood 

frequency of 2-, 5-, 10-, 25-, 50-, and 100-year peak 

discharges at ungaged sites for areas of Utah and the 

southwestern United States, including areas in the 

Escalante River drainage basin, were developed by 

Thomas and Lindskov (1983), and Thomas and others 

(1997). 

Water-quality analyses and seepage investigation 

data were collected by the USGS in support of various 

ground-water and surface-water studies. These studies 

were cooperatively funded by the USGS and either the 

State of Utah, Department of Natural Resources; or the 

U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land 

Management. Some data republished in this report 

originally were interpreted or published in Price (1978 

and 1979), Plantz (1983 and 1985), Blanchard (1986), 

and Wilberg (1995).

Descriptions of geology are contained in 

Doelling and others (2000). A historic perspective of 

the geography and geology of the area is contained in 

Gregory and Moore (1931). 

Methods

Most of the Escalante River corridor is remote 

and difficult to access. To make the necessary 

streamflow measurements for the seepage 

investigation, approach to the river was by foot or 

helicopter. The river between the Escalante gage and 

Horse Canyon, informally referred to as the upper 

canyon, was accessed by hiking, either overland to the 

rim and then descending into the canyon or by hiking 

along the river corridor. Access below Horse Canyon 

was by helicopter, which was authorized by Glen 

Canyon National Recreation Area.

In May 2001 an unfunded float trip of the 

Escalante River along the 79-mi reach between Calf 

Creek and Cow Canyon on Lake Powell (which was at 

an altitude of 3,668 ft on May 24, 2001) was organized 

to collect water samples, to assess general logistics that 

would be required for the seepage investigation, and to 

explore a relatively remote river canyon. The float trip 

was facilitated by runoff from an above-average 

snowpack in the headwaters of the Escalante River 

drainage basin. Twenty-six water samples were 

measured in the field for temperature and specific 

conductance, 5 samples were collected for laboratory 

analysis of common constituents, 10 samples were 

collected for tritium analysis, and 5 samples were 

collected for analysis of chlorofluorcarbons (CFCs). 

During the October 2001 seepage investigation, eight 

additional water samples were collected from selected 

sites along the Escalante River and one from 

Twentyfive Mile Wash for analysis of CFCs.

By using the streamflow data gathered during the 

seepage investigation, losses (-) or gains for each of the 

15 reaches between the Escalante gage and Stevens 

Canyon (table 2) were determined according to the 

following equation:
4 Seepage Investigation and Selected Hydrologic Data, Garfield and Kane Counties, Utah, 1909-2002

Computation of loss (-) or gain = Qds - (Qus + Qin - 

Qdiversion) (1)

where:

Qds = discharge measured at a downstream site;

Qus = discharge measured at an upstream site;

Qin = discharge measured at a tributary inflow (if a 

tributary is not mentioned in table 3, then it 

had no flow); and

Qdiversion = discharge of a diversion (there were no 

diversions along any reaches measured 

during this seepage investigation).

A technique developed by Wilberg and others 

(2001) was used to determine if the difference between 

discharge measured at upstream and downstream sites 

in a specified reach exceeds the error associated with 

the measurement of discharge at those sites. A 

significant loss or gain is determined when the loss or 

gain exceeds the error associated with measurement of 

discharge. Measurements of discharge made during this 

seepage investigation generally were rated as good or 

fair, which means in the opinion of the hydrographer, 

the amount of water measured was within 5 percent of 

the actual discharge for a measurement rated good or 

within 8 percent for a measurement rated fair. These 

ratings are based on subjective evaluation of objective 

factors that could affect the accuracy of the 

measurement. The factors include number and 

distribution of vertical sections where velocity is 

measured, average velocity, uniformity of flow, 

regularity and firmness of channel bottom, steadiness 

of stage and discharge during the measurement, and 

presence or absence of ice, wind, or debris in the flow 

that could affect the ability of the current meter to 

accurately measure the current velocity (C.W. Boning, 

U.S. Geological Survey, written commun., 1993). 

When measuring discharges of less than about 1 or 2 

ft3/s, shallow water depths can place the velocity meter 

too close to the channel bottom, which can cause the 

velocity to be underestimated (Rantz and others, 1982, 

p. 132, 135, and 144). Standard USGS practice is for 

hydrographers to assign qualitative ratings of accuracy 

to individual discharge measurements—excellent, 

good, fair, and poor. 

Each specified reach, which is defined as the 

portion of channel between two discharge 

measurement sites, is normalized to the maximum 

discharge of either the upstream measurement site plus 

any inflow, or the discharge at the downstream site plus 

any diversions. This is computed by using the 

following equations:

 (2)

where:

Nd% = normalized percentage difference;

Qds = discharge measured at a downstream site;

Qus = discharge measured at an upstream site;

Qin = discharge measured at a tributary inflow (if a 

tributary is not mentioned in table 3, then it 

had no flow);

Qdiversion = discharge of a diversion (there were no 

diversions along any reaches measured 

during this seepage investigation);

Max Q = maximum discharge measured at 

consecutive upstream or downstream sites. 

Tributary inflows are added to the upstream 

discharge;

100 = conversion to percentage; and

the normalized percentage error is:

(3)

where:

Ne% = normalized percentage error; and 

a = accuracy of a discharge measurement as 

determined by the hydrographer, a 

determination of how close the measured 

discharge is to the actual discharge: 2 

percent for excellent, 5 percent for good, 8 

percent for fair, and greater than 8 percent 

for poor.

If Qds is greater than Qus plus Qin, that is, if 

more water was measured at the downstream section of 

the reach than was measured at the upstream section 

plus any inflow to that reach (equation 1), then the 

algebraic sign in equations 1, 2, and 3 is plus (+), 

which signifies a gain. Conversely, if Qds is less than 

Qus plus Qin, then the sign is minus (-), which signifies 

a loss for that specific reach. A computed loss or gain 

for a specific reach is considered significant if the 

normalized percentage difference (Nd%) is greater than 

the normalized percentage error (Ne%). The percentage 

difference and percentage error were normalized to 

allow comparison between reaches with different 

amounts of discharge. 

( ) Nd% Qds Qus Qin Qdiversion –( ) + –

MaxQ( ) us inflow ds + + , diversions

= ------------------------------------------------------------------------ • 100

( ) Ne% aQds aQus aQin aQdiversion ( ) +++

MaxQ(us inflow ds + + , diversion ) ( ) = ±-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- • 100
Seepage Investigation of the Escalante River Drainage Basin 5

Acknowledgments

D. Kip Solomon of the Dissolved Gas 

Laboratory at the University of Utah donated his 

services and laboratory facility for the analyses of 

CFCs. Norman R. Henderson at Glen Canyon National 

Recreation Area generously provided pickup and 

delivery of samples, instruments, equipment, and 

personnel by boat to Bullfrog Marina following the 

Escalante River reconnaissance trip in May 2001. J. 

Douglas Powell, Grand Staircase-Escalante National 

Monument geologist, participated in water sample 

collection and reconnaissance during the May 2001 

Escalante River float trip. Joni Vanderbilt, former 

Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument 

hydrologist, participated in the 2001 seepage 

investigation and made the Escalante River discharge 

measurement at Horse Canyon.

SEEPAGE INVESTIGATION OF THE 

ESCALANTE RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN

Discharge was measured on October 23 and 24, 

2001, during base-flow conditions from the USGS 

gage on the Escalante River near Escalante to the 

mouth of Stevens Canyon about 86 mi downstream 

near the maximum pool level of Lake Powell. 

Discharge was measured in the Escalante River at 16 

individual sites along 15 consecutive reaches. 

Discharge also was measured or estimated at the 

mouths of 14 tributaries to the Escalante River. There 

were no diversions. The seepage investigation was 

terminated at Stevens Canyon because it represented 

the end of natural channel conditions not influenced by 

fluctuating lake levels, which can affect both 

sedimentation and channel characteristics.

The reach from the Escalante gage to the mouth 

of The Gulch, a distance of about 28 miles, was 

investigated on the first day. Discharge was measured 

at eight cross sections along the Escalante River (seven 

reaches) and at the mouths of five tributaries (table 3). 

Discharge was measured at 10 cross sections along the 

Escalante River (9 reaches) between The Gulch and 

Stevens Canyon, a distance of about 55 miles, on the 

second day. Discharge was measured, or estimated if 

the flows were too small to measure with a current 

meter, at the mouths of nine tributaries. 

Two stage recorders were operated during the 

seepage investigation to monitor the fluctuations of the 

Escalante River. The stage recorded at the permanent 

gage near Escalante (09337500) increased 0.04 ft 

during the 2-day investigation and the daily mean 

discharge increased from 4.3 ft3/s to 4.7 ft3/s. The stage 

increased 0.08 ft on the day preceding the start of the 

seepage investigation and the daily mean discharge was 

3.2 ft3/s. The significance of this 0.08 ft rise on October 

22, 2001, and its potential impact on the seepage 

investigation is moderated by attenuation downstream, 

increasing flow in the river as result of tributary 

inflows, the relatively small amount of discharge 

associated with the rise, and the fact that the increase 

ended 12 hours or more before the seepage 

investigation measurements began, a sufficient amount 

of time for the increase to transit the reach. A 

temporary stage recorder was installed on the Escalante 

River below the mouth of Calf Creek and operated for 

65 hours and 45 minutes from October 22, 2001, at 

1530 hours to October 25, 2001, at 0915 hours. River 

stage was recorded at 15-minute intervals. The stage 

fluctuated 0.04 ft during the operation of the temporary 

gage and 0.03 ft during the 2-day seepage 

investigation. The small amount of stage variation and 

the lack of rising or falling trends indicate that the stage 

was quite stable. Two discharge measurements on 

October 23 and 24, 2001, at the temporary gage were 

28.1 and 26.5 ft3/s, respectively, and corroborate the 

relatively stable base-flow conditions.

None of the 15 reaches along the Escalante River 

between the Escalante gage and Stevens Canyon that 

were measured during the seepage investigation of 

October 23 and 24, 2001, had computed losses or gains 

that exceeded the normalized error (Ne%) (see Methods 

section and table 2). This finding does not indicate that 

losses or gains do not occur, but rather that the losses or 

gains were of a smaller magnitude than the errors 

associated with measurements of discharge. The first 

two reaches from the gage near Escalante (09337500, 

site 10) to Escalante River above Sand Creek (site 13) 

had normalized measurement errors that exceeded the 

normalized percentage difference by less than 2.1 

percent (table 2). A loss or gain might have been 

determined in these reaches if the discharge 

measurements were rated as good or fair. This was not 

possible because shallow stream depths created less 

than ideal measurement conditions. 
6 Seepage Investigation and Selected Hydrologic Data, Garfield and Kane Counties, Utah, 1909-2002

Several springs that discharge from the Navajo 

aquifer in Coyote Gulch and along the lake-affected 

channel in the reach below the mouth of Coyote Gulch 

were not investigated during the October 2001 seepage 

investigation. These springs are located near the 

contact of the Kayenta Formation and the overlying 

Navajo Sandstone (table 4, S25-S28) and could hold 

important indicators about the source and recharge 

areas, flow paths, time of travel, and quantity of 

discharge for water-budget estimates. Although there 

were no significant losses or gains along the Escalante 

River in October 2001, streamflow increases 

downstream, primarily from tributary inflow. 

Discharge and specific-conductance measurements 

made during the October 2001 seepage investigation 

are shown in figure 1.

Two speculative reasons that no significant 

seepage losses or gains were measured and 

implications regarding the ground- and surface-water 

systems and their interactions are:

(1) Accretion of flow in the Escalante River 

between Pine Creek and Boulder Creek is accounted 

for as inflow from tributaries. This reach includes 

perennial tributaries that have headwaters in the 

Aquarius Plateau and is where the Navajo aquifer is in 

direct contact with the potential recharge area in higher 

altitudes of the Aquarius Plateau.

(2) Ground-water discharge from the Navajo 

aquifer does not occur along the channel of the 

Escalante River but rather along the tributary channels, 

especially in the canyon upstream of Boulder Creek; 

therefore, gaining reaches were not determined during 

seepage investigations along the Escalante River.

Although tributaries to the Escalante River in the 

canyon upstream of Boulder Creek are assumed to gain 

water from the Navajo aquifer, primarily from 

springflow and fractures, the validity of this 

assumption could be tested by conducting a seepage 

investigation along a tributary channel. Identification of 

gaining reaches along any tributary channels could be 

used to define areas that could be critical to waterresource management. Mamie, Sand, Calf, and Boulder 

Creeks all have suitable conditions (perennial flow, 

outcrops of fractured Navajo Sandstone) conducive for 

seepage investigations. A seepage investigation at 

three or four sections along Boulder Creek from the 

town of Boulder to the mouth would be both 

logistically and hydrologically feasible. Logistically 

because there is more than one place to access the 

different reaches of Boulder Creek, 8and 

hydrologically because of the relatively large (larger 

than Calf, Sand, or Mamie Creeks) volume of water to 

measure. Discharge of the Escalante River can 

sometimes double with the inflow of Boulder Creek, 

which contributes considerably more discharge than 

what generally is observed at the town of Boulder.

Environmental Tracer Sampling

During the May 2001 float trip, water samples 

were collected from the Escalante River, tributary 

streams, and springs for analysis of tritium (3H) and 

CFCs. In addition, water samples were collected at 

nine sites for CFC analysis during the seepage 

investigation in October 2001. These environmental 

tracers are used to age-date ground water that has 

recharged the hydrologic system since the early 1950s. 

The 2001 sampling was done at a reconnaissance level 

to evaluate the utility of these tools to better explain 

surface- and ground-water interaction. Tritium (3H) is a 

radioactive isotope of hydrogen that occurs naturally in 

very small quantities. Concentrations several orders of 

magnitude larger than background were introduced into 

the hydrologic cycle during atmospheric (open air) 

nuclear testing. Atmospheric testing at the Nevada test 

sites began with the Able test on January 27, 1951, and 

ended with the Little Feller I test on July 17, 1962 

(Dept. of Energy, 2000, p. 24 and 46). As a result, 

tritium concentrations are useful for determining 

whether ground water recharged prior to or after 1950. 

Tritium units (TU) of less than 0.5 generally are 

considered indicative of water that recharged the 

ground-water system prior to open-air nuclear testing, 

thus, prior to 1951. One TU represents one molecule of 

3H1HO in 1018 molecules of 1H2O.

Samples of surface water collected in Scorpion 

Gulch, Fools Canyon, and Stevens Canyon (sites 50, 

57, and 61), respectively, are all younger than 50 years 

(table 5). These samples represent ground-water 

discharge to the streams and did not contain any 

obvious components of surface runoff. Surface water 

represents a mixture of all ground-water sources 

feeding the stream, and thus can give an indication of 

average ground-water age for a drainage. On the basis 

of limited sampling in 2001, the surface water appears 

to have a component of younger (less than 50 years) 

ground water. Because the sampled water has been 

exposed to the atmosphere as it moves from groundwater source to sampling point, there is a potential that 
Seepage Investigation of the Escalante River Drainage Basin 7

Figure 1. Instantaneous discharge and specific-conductance measurements made on October 23 and 24, 2001, along the Escalante River, Garfield and 

Kane Counties.

59.5

510

0 5 10 MILES

0 5 10 KILOMETERS

Boulder

37°45'

38°00'

111°45' 111°00'

37°30'

Cydoo M rkee C yo lch Gu ote

r C lsl aFre lv i S

kee

noyna C esr o H

keer Ce in P

ee D r Cr ee k

Escalante

E ast Moody Canyon

Boulder

Creek

27.4

308

The Gulch

0.007

595

Harris Wash

1.54

245

Calf

Creek

6.02

676

Sand

Creek

11.6

653

Mamie

Creek

7.61

416

Escalante River

4.07

1,398 12.5

751

29.8

720

53.9

512

23.2

717

61.4

540

62.1

504

Boundary of study area

Direction and amount of streamflow

 in Escalante River —Width of arrow is 

 scaled relative to flow

Tributary inflow—Approximately

 to scale, Inflows of less than 1.0 cubic

 foot per second are not indicated

 graphically

Flow, in cubic feet per second—e; estimated

Specific conductance, in 

 microsiemens per centimeter

0.002 e

523

64.8

531

EXPLANATION

Scorpion 

Gulch

0.02 e

258 Fools

Canyon

0.002 e

523

Stevens

Canyon

0.002 e

551

Twentyfive Mile

Wash

0.5

379

Fence

Canyon

0.07

379 62.1

505

61.9

512

55.9

524

Average of four

measurements

58.9

546

61.3

505

unnamed

tributary

0.5 e
8 Seepage Investigation and Selected Hydrologic Data, Garfield and Kane Counties, Utah, 1909-2002

the tritium in the surface water came from exchange of 

water molecules in the atmosphere. Current 

background atmospheric concentrations are about 9 

TU. With enough time, exchange will cause all surface 

water to have a concentration of 9 TU. The exchange, 

however, is slow and the estimated time that sampled 

waters were exposed to the atmosphere is on the order 

of several hours, which potentially could increase the 

TU concentration by a few tenths (0.1 to 0.3). 

Water collected from springs that discharge 

directly from consolidated rock have 0.53 or less TU 

and indicate an apparent age of greater than 50 years 

(table 5). With the exception of the spring sampled in 

Coyote Gulch (S24), these consolidated-rock springs 

are all located along the Escalante River. These springs 

have small discharges and a minimal affect on total 

streamflow. When comparing the age of the springs to 

those of the tributaries, it seems plausible that flow 

paths might be deflected toward the incised tributary 

side canyons. Flow paths toward tributaries appear 

shorter (younger) and might be a path of least 

resistance for ground-water discharge. Water from the 

spring in tuning fork canyon (S23), which discharges 

from a veneer of talus of Quaternary age, appears less 

than 50 years old. Given the spring location and the 

similarity in tritium concentration of the stream in 

tuning fork canyon (site 52), it is likely that the spring 

represents stream water that is moving in and out of the 

adjacent colluvium.

CFCs are synthetic, nontoxic, stable chemical 

compounds that contain carbon, chlorine, fluorine, and 

sometimes hydrogen. CFCs were developed in the 

early 1930s and are used for a variety of domestic and 

industrial purposes. In the 1970s it was discovered that 

CFCs deplete stratospheric ozone and considerable 

effort has been expended to quantify atmospheric 

concentrations since they were first produced. The 

solubility of CFCs in water is well known and that 

makes it possible to use these compounds to determine 

the apparent age of ground water (apparent because a 

number of simplifications are used to determine age). 

Sampling for CFC concentrations in the Escalante 

River was done to explore the potential of using surface 

waters to determine an average ground-water age for 

the drainage basin (table 6). Whereas tritium values 

indicate a before- or after-1950 recharge time, CFCs 

provide a discrete age (for example 22-year-old water, 

plus or minus some uncertainty). Average groundwater age is a fundamental characteristic of a groundwater system. Recharge rates and the amount of water 

stored in the ground-water reservoir are both reflected 

in the average ground-water age; increased recharge 

rates will decrease age, increased storage will increase 

age (Cook and Böhlke, 2000, p. 9). If ground-water 

age were preserved in the perennial streamflow, then 

surface-water samples might be useful to estimate 

flow-weighted mean transit times. Unlike tritium, 

CFCs are dissolved gases that exchange rapidly with 

the atmosphere. To interpret CFC ages, the gasexchange rate of the Escalante River must be known. 

That is beyond the scope of this report; therefore, only 

CFC concentrations are presented in table 6. Further 

research is needed to determine the utility of CFCs to 

quantify average ground-water travel times in the 

Escalante River drainage basin.

Comparison of 1981 and 2001 Seepage 

Investigations

Seepage along the Escalante River also was 

measured during October 1981; the data are listed in 

table 3 and described by Blanchard (1986, p.19). The 

1981 and 2001 measurements for each individual reach 

of the Escalante River from the USGS gage (site 10) to 

Boulder Creek (site 29) are graphed in figure 2. Flows 

were greater in 1981 for all reaches because 1981 was 

hydrologically and climatically wetter than 2001. 

The average October streamflow at the Escalante 

gage (09337500, site 10) for 47 years of record (1943-

55, 1973-2002) is 7.70 ft3/s. In October 1981, the 

average streamflow was 14.2 ft3/s and represents the 

seventh highest for the period of record. By contrast, 

the average streamflow in October 2001 was 3.15 ft3/s 

and represents the eleventh lowest. Tributary flows at 

Mamie Creek (site 12), Sand Creek (site 14), and Calf 

Creek (site 18) were of similar magnitudes for both 

time periods. Flow in Boulder Creek was about 50 

percent greater in October 1981 than in October 2001.

To compare measurements in 1981 and 2001, 

climatic conditions preceding the two periods were 

examined using long-term precipitation records for the 

town of Escalante. Precipitation has been recorded at 

Escalante since 1901 (Western Regional Climate 

Center, 2004). The cumulative departure of total 

precipitation from normal for July to October 1981 was 

+3.61 inches. Departure for the same period in 2001 

was -1.68 inches. Cumulative departure for the 5 years 

prior to October 1981 and October 2001 were, 

respectively, +5.71 inches and -1.41 inches (Western 
Seepage Investigation of the Escalante River Drainage Basin 9

Regional Climate Center, 2004). These comparisons 

indicate that conditions preceding the 1981 seepage 

investigation were wetter than conditions preceding 

2001. Cumulative departure is the sum of difference 

between each month or year’s measured precipitation 

and the long-term average, and describes the collective 

affects of climatic trends. The table below summarizes 

the departures.

Perennial or base flow in Mamie, Sand, and Calf 

Creeks appears only slightly affected by changes in 

precipitation prior to October 1981 and October 2001. 

However, flow in Boulder Creek seems to have been 

affected by the less-than-normal precipitation prior to 

October 2001. Perennial or base flow in Mamie, Sand, 

and Calf Creeks originates mainly as ground-water 

discharge from the Navajo aquifer. A component of 

perennial flow in Boulder Creek is also derived from 

the Navajo aquifer. A partial explanation for the 

variation in perennial flow measured at the mouth of 

Boulder Creek is that the additional flow measured in 

1981, is derived from shallow circulating ground water. 

This might include ground water stored in soils, and 

adjacent stream-channel and alluvial deposits. 

Streamflow derived from ground water will show 

a significant change only if recharge to, and water 

Departure from long-term average precipitation at Escalante, Utah

Time period

Amount above

(+) or below (-)

average

Cumulative departure for July-October, 1981 +3.61 inches

Cumulative departure for 1977-81 (previous 5 years) +5.71 inches

Cumulative departure for July-October, 2001 -1.68 inches

Cumulative departure for 1997-2001 (previous 5 years) -1.41 inches

Figure 2. Streamflow on October 21, 1981, and October 23, 2001, along the Escalante River, Garfield and Kane Counties, Utah. 

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

0 5 10 15 20

STREAMFLOW, IN CUBIC FEET PER SECOND

DISTANCE DOWNSTREAM FROM SITE 10, IN MILES

Inflow from Boulder Creek

Inflow from Sand Creek

Inflow from Calf Creek

Inflow from Mamie Creek 

2001

1981
10 Seepage Investigation and Selected Hydrologic Data, Garfield and Kane Counties, Utah, 1909-2002

levels in, the underlying aquifer/aquifers change. By 

inference, it appears that any decrease in recharge to 

the Navajo aquifer (which underlies Mamie, Sand, and 

Calf Creeks) caused by the drier period had little effect 

on water levels. Probably the amount of water stored in 

the Navajo aquifer is significantly larger than any 

potential 5-year variations in recharge. Alternatively, 

there does appear to be a ground-water component in 

the Boulder Creek drainage that is affected by 5-year 

changes in climate and recharge. 

HYDROLOGIC AND WATER-QUALITY 

DATA

As a resource to future hydrologic investigations 

of the Escalante River drainage basin, a compilation of 

all hydrologic and water-quality data collected by the 

USGS for the area is published as a series of tables 

located at the end of this report. The sources of these 

data are listed in table 1 and discussed in the “Previous 

Studies” section of this report. The compilation 

consists of data for 64 surface-water sites and 28 

springs (pl. 1). Data published here were collected by 

the USGS in the Escalante River drainage basin from 

September 1909 for the Escalante River near Escalante 

gage (09337500) to December 2002 for a specificconductance measurement of surface water at Boulder 

Creek near Boulder Creek gaging station (09339000) 

when it was reactivated.

Discharge data were collected for different 

periods of time at 12 gaging stations operated and 

maintained by the USGS in the Escalante River 

drainage basin beginning in 1909 at the Escalante River 

near Escalante gage (09337500), which was called 

Escalante Creek until 1913. Selected data for gaging 

stations in the Escalante River drainage basin are 

presented in table 7 and include period of record, 

drainage area, annual mean discharge for complete 

water years, extreme maximum and minimum 

discharge quantities, and dates. 

Field measurements of specific conductance and 

temperature taken during routine site visits to the gages 

at Pine Creek near Escalante (gaging station 09337000) 

during 1969-91, and Escalante River near Escalante 

(gaging station 09337500) during 1971-91, are listed in 

tables 8 and 9, respectively. These data are presented to 

show near-monthly and seasonal variation. 

Physical properties and results of chemical 

analyses for water collected at the gaging station at 

Escalante River near Escalante (09337500) are listed in 

table 10. The data were collected during 1969-72 and 

are presented here as background water-quality 

information.

Physical properties and results of chemical 

analyses for water collected at the gaging station at 

Escalante River at mouth (09339500) during 1951-53 

are listed in table 11 and are presented for historical 

purposes only. The gage was discontinued in 

September 1953 and the site was covered by the rising 

waters of Lake Powell in June of 1963. This gage was 

established to determine streamflow, sediment loads, 

and chemical constituents and required a USGS 

employee to live at the site. Access to the gage was so 

obscure over the stretches of slickrock that paint 

markings were applied on the rock to keep travelers to 

the gage on course. Later, in an article about the 

Escalante area, W.R. Moore (1955, p. 414) quoted a 

local horse packer who stated “The Government built 

the cheapest highway in history. Seven miles with a 

gallon of paint.” 

Water-quality analyses for common constituents 

in water from selected sites in the Escalante River 

drainage basin are presented in table 12. Samples were 

collected from 14 surface-water sites and 18 spring 

sites from April 1981 to August 2002.

SUMMARY

This report contains the results of the October 

2001 seepage investigation along the Escalante River 

and includes a compilation of hydrologic and waterquality data collected by the USGS within the 

Escalante River drainage basin from 1909 to 2002 for 

64 surface-water sites and 28 springs (pl. 1). This 

report was written as part of a larger cooperative study 

by the USGS and BLM done to identify and understand 

the hydrologic system within Grand StaircaseEscalante National Monument. The purpose of the 

seepage investigation was to determine if large 

amounts of surface water in the Escalante River were 

lost or gained, to determine where those losses or gains 

occurred, to quantify the losses or gains and determine 

if they were significant, and to identify which rock 

formations were involved.
References Cited 11

None of the 15 reaches along the Escalante River 

between the Escalante gage and Stevens Canyon where 

discharge was measured during the seepage 

investigation of October 23 and 24, 2001, had 

computed losses or gains that exceeded the normalized 

percentage error. Losses or gains were computed for 

each reach by subtracting the sum of the discharge 

measured at an upstream site and any tributary inflow 

in that reach from the discharge measured at a 

downstream site. For ease of comparison among 

reaches, the computed losses or gains were normalized. 

A computed loss or gain is considered significant when 

the normalized difference is greater than the 

normalized error. 

Individual reaches along tributaries in the upper 

canyons could be the focus of future seepage 

investigations. Specifically, tributaries such as Boulder 

Creek, Mamie Creek, Sand Creek, Deer Creek, and 

Calf Creek offer the most potential to find reaches of 

significant gains in surface-water discharge. 

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291 p. 

U.S. Geological Survey, 1973, Water resources data for 

Utah, water year 1972 part 1: Surface water records, 

311 p. 

U.S. Geological Survey, 1974, Water resources data for 

Utah, water year 1973 part 1: Surface water records, 

303 p. 

U.S. Geological Survey, 1975, Water resources data for 

Utah, water year 1974 part 1: Surface water records, 

299 p. 

U.S. Geological Survey, 1976, Water resources data, Utah, 

water year 1975: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Data 

Report UT-75-1, p. 509.

U.S. Geological Survey, 1977, Water resources data, Utah, 

water year 1976: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Data 

Report UT-76-1, 617 p.

U.S. Geological Survey, 1978, Water resources data, Utah, 

water year 1977: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Data 

Report UT-77-1, 548 p.

U.S. Geological Survey, 1979, Water resources data, Utah, 

water year 1978: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Data 

Report UT-78-1, 492 p.

U.S. Geological Survey, 1980, Water resources data, Utah, 

water year 1979: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Data 

Report UT-79-1, 604 p.

U.S. Geological Survey, 1981, Water resources data, Utah, 

water year 1980: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Data 

Report UT-80-1, 684 p.

U.S. Geological Survey, 1982, Water resources data, Utah, 

water year 1981: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Data 

Report UT-81-1, 708 p.

Western Regional Climate Center, 2004, Escalante, Utah, 

monthly total precipitation, accessed during January 

2004, at URL http://www.wrcc.dri.edu/cgibin/cliMAIN.pl?utesca

Whitaker, G.L., 1969, Summary of maximum discharges in 

Utah streams: Utah Department of Natural Resources, 

Technical Publication No. 21, 42 p. 

Wilberg, D.E., 1995, Origin of water that discharges from 

Calf Creek Spring, Garfield County, Utah: U.S. 

Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-340, 10 p.

Wilberg, D.E., Swenson, R.L., Slaugh, B.A., Howells, J.H., 

and Christiansen, H.K., 2001, Seepage investigation for 

Leap, South Ash, Wet Sandy, and Leeds Creek in the 

Pine Valley Mountains, Washington County, Utah, 

1998: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources 

Investigations Report 01-4237, 42 p.

Wilberg, D.E., and others, 2003, Water resources data, Utah, 

water year 2002: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Data 

Report UT-02-1, 391 p.

Woolley, R.R., 1946, Cloudburst floods in Utah, 1850-1938: 

U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 994, 

128 p.
14 Seepage Investigation and Selected Hydrologic Data, Garfield and Kane Counties, Utah, 1909-2002

Table 1. Records of selected surface-water sites and springs in the Escalante River drainage basin, Garfield and Kane Counties, Utah—Continued

Site 

number Local number Description of site Site ID

Table 

containing 

additional 

data

Source of data

SURFACE-WATER SITES

1 (D-35-2)16aca-1 North Creek near Escalante (09335500) 0.1 mi 

above mouth

3746001114059 7 WSP 1733, p. 363

2 (D-34-1)31aba-1 Birch Creek about 10.5 mi above confluence 

with North Creek

3748501114942 12 Site 21 in OFR 83-871

3 (D-35-1)13dba-1 Birch Creek near Escalante (09336000) 3745441114415 7

4 (D-36-1)9cbc-1 Upper Valley Creek near Liston Flat 3741171114804 12 Site 25 in OFR 83-871

5 (D-35-2)29bba-1 Upper Valley Creek near Escalante (09336400) 3744301114235 7 TP 21, p. 33

6 (D-35-2)16cbb-1 Birch Creek 0.8 mi above confluence with 

North Creek

3745481114139 12 Site 23 in OFR 83-871

7 (D-35-2)16aca-1 Birch Creek at mouth (09336500) 3745541114102 7 WSP 1733, p. 364

8 (D-35-2)16adb-1 Escalante River 400 ft below confluence of 

North and Birch Creeks

3745561114051 12 Site 22 in OFR 83-871

9 (D-34-2)12cac-1 Pine Creek near Escalante (09337000) 3751451113807 7, 8 WDR UT-01-1

10 (D-35-3)9dba-1 Escalante River near Escalante at USGS gage 

(09337500)

3746411113426 2,3,4,7,9,10 Do.

11 (D-35-4)7bdd-1 Escalante River above Mamie Creek 3746501113019 2,3,4,12 TP 81

12 (D-35-4)7bda-1 Mamie Creek at mouth 3746561113020 2, 3, 4

13 (D-35-4)10ccb-1 Escalante River above Sand Creek 3746301112726 2, 3, 4 TP 81

14 (D-35-4)10ccb-2 Sand Creek at mouth 3746301112725 2, 3, 4 Do.

15 (D-35-4)12cac-1 Escalante River above Calf Creek 3746321112504 2, 3, 4 Do.

16 (D-35-4)11abd-1 Calf Creek above BLM campground, near 

Escalante

3747481112445 4, 8, 12 OFR 95-340

17 (D-35-4)1acc-1 Calf Creek at BLM campground bridge 3747331112452 3, 4 OFR 95-340

18 (D-35-4)12cac-2 Calf Creek at mouth 3746361112506 2, 3, 4 TP 81

19 (D-35-4)12cad-1 Escalante River below Calf Creek at USGS 

temporary gage

3746351112456 2,3,4,6,12

20 (D-35-5)22bbb-1 Escalante River above Boulder Creek 3745251112058 2, 3, 4, 8,12 TP 81

21 (D-32-4)10aca-1 East Fork Boulder Creek near Boulder 

(09338000)

3802301112700 4,7 WSP 1733, p. 367

22 (D-32-5)29 (unsurveyed) East Fork Deer Creek near Boulder (09338500) 3800051112320 7 WSP 1733, p. 368

23 (D-34-5)16aca-1 Deer Creek near Boulder (09338900) 3751121112116 4,7 TP 21, p. 33

24 (D-35 -5)9bda-1 Boulder Creek near Boulder (09339000) 3746551112134 4,7

25 (D-35-5)22bbb-2 Boulder Creek at mouth 3745261112058 2,3,4,6,12

26 (D-35-5)15dcd-1 Unnamed tributary 1.1-mi below Boulder 

Creek, left bank

3745271112013 4

27 (D-35-5)35aad-1 Unnamed tributary 1.6 mi above The Gulch and 

0.1 mi above mouth

3743331111850 4

28 (D-35-5)36adc-1 Pool 200 ft up unnamed tributary 0.3 mi above 

The Gulch

3743211111800 4

29 (D-35-6)36aad-1 Escalante River above The Gulch 3743311111748 2, 3, 4

30 (D-35-6)36aad-2 The Gulch at mouth 3743321111748 2, 3, 4

31 (D-35-6)31bbd-1 Escalante River below The Gulch 3743291111732 3 TP 81

32 (D-35-6)32dbc-1 Escalante River above Horse Canyon 3743071111600 2, 3, 4

33 (D-35-6)32dbd-1 Horse Canyon 500 ft above mouth 3743091111555 4

34 (D-36-6)23aac-1 Silver Falls Creek at mouth 3740011111241 3, 4

35 (D-35-2)36dcd-1 Alvey Wash 500 ft above Coal Bed Canyon 3742521113743 12 Site 24 in OFR 83-871

36 (D-36-6)23dbb-1 Escalante River above Harris Wash 3739461111254 2, 3, 4, 6

37 (D-36-6)23acc-1 Harris Wash at mouth 3739481111255 2, 3, 4

Table 1. Records of selected surface-water sites and springs in the Escalante River drainage basin, Garfield and Kane Counties, Utah

[Site number: See plate 1 for site location. Local number: See numbering system used for hydrologic-data sites in Utah, unsurveyed indicates that individual 

section boundaries were not available for the location and the local number was based on extrapolation from nearby sections; Description of site: Number in 

parentheses is gaging station number; Site ID: A unique number in the USGS database that is used to identify a site and is based on the latitude (first 6 digits) and 

longitude (last 7 digits) of the site; Source of data: USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; WSP, USGS Water-Supply Paper; OFR, USGS Open-File Report; TP, Technical 

Publication of the Utah Department of Natural Resources; WDR, USGS Water-Data Report; Do., ditto; BLM, Bureau of Land Management; ft, feet; mi, mile]
Tables 15

SURFACE-WATER SITES—Continued

38 (D-36-7)31dcc-1 Unnamed left bank tributary 1.2 mi above Fence 

Canyon

3737381111050 4

39 (D-37-7)6dcd-1 (unsurveyed) Escalante River above Fence Canyon 3736461111042 2,3,4,6,12

40 (D-37-7)7aba-1 (unsurveyed) Fence Canyon at mouth 3736451111042 2, 3, 4

41 (D-37-7)8baa-1 (unsurveyed) Neon Canyon at base of falls 0.6 mi above 

mouth

3736421110950 4

42 (D-38-4)10dad-1 Left Hand Collett Canyon 3731081112708 12

43 (D-37-5)29bca Twentymile Wash near Escalante (09339200) 3733521112315 7 TP 21, p. 33

44 (D-37-7)22bda-1 Escalante River above Twentyfive Mile Wash 3734461110742 2, 3, 4, 6

45 (D-37-7)22bda-2 Twentyfive Mile Wash at mouth 3734461110744 2, 3, 4, 6

46 (D-37-7)25aac-1 Moody Creek 3733581110509 3

47 (D-37-7)25acc-2 Escalante River below Moody Creek 3733561110509 2, 3, 4, 6

48 (D-37-7)25dad-1 East Moody Canyon at mouth 3733301110458 4

49 (D-38-8)5ccb-1 Escalante River above Scorpion Gulch 3731441110344 2, 3, 4, 6

50 (D-38-8)5ccc-1 Scorpion Gulch near mouth 3731381110345 5, 6, 12

51 (D-38-8)5ccb-2 Scorpion Gulch at mouth 3731441110343 2, 3, 4

52 (D-38-8)4bcd-1 Unnamed tributary 2 mi below Scorpion Gulch 

and 0.4 mi from mouth (informally 

designated tuning fork canyon)

3732041110232 4, 5, 6

53 (D-38-8)4cca-1 Mouth of unnamed tributary 2 mi below 

Scorpion Gulch on left (informally 

designated tuning fork canyon)

3731451110239 2, 3

54 (D-38-8)22 (unsurveyed) Mouth of unnamed canyon 6.5 mi above Fools 

Canyon on left bank

3729531110201 4

55 (D-38-8)23 (unsurveyed) Escalante River 3.7 mi above Fools Canyon 3729111110007 2, 3, 4

56 (D-38-8)35 (unsurveyed) Escalante River above Fools Canyon 3728021110004 2, 3, 4, 6

57 (D-38-8)35 (unsurveyed) Fools Canyon 1 mi above mouth 3727571110046 4, 5

58 (D-38-8)35 (unsurveyed) Fools Canyon at mouth 3728021110005 2, 3, 4

59 (D-39-8)1adb-1 (unsurveyed) Unnamed canyon 3 mi above Stevens Canyon 

on left bank

3727071105854 4

60 (D-39-8)12add-1 (unsurveyed) Escalante River above Stevens Canyon 3726101105852 2, 3, 4, 6

61 (D-39-9)7bcd-1 Stevens Canyon near mouth 3726081105838 5, 12

62 (D-39-8)12add-2 (unsurveyed) Stevens Canyon at mouth 3726081105852 3, 4

63 (D-39-8)12ddd-1 Escalante River at Coyote Gulch 3725411105847 4

64 (D-40-9)23cb (unsurveyed) Escalante River at mouth near Escalante, 2.2 mi 

below Davis Gulch and 5.1 mi above 

confluence with Colorado River left bank 

(09339500)

3718591105411 4, 7, 11 WSP 1733, p. 369

SPRINGS

S1 (C-34-1)24ccc-S1 Spring in headwaters of Birch Creek about 2.5 

mi south of Griffin Top

3749441115125 12 OFR 83-871

S2 (C-35-1)12ada-S1 Spring area in Corn Creek about 2 mi northeast 

of Barney Top

3746511115023 12 Do.

S3 (C-35-1)24dbc-S1 Spring near Yankee Meadow about 1 mi east of 

Table Cliff Plateau

3744451115055 12 Do.

S4 (C-36-1)1dad-S1 Garden Spring near Upper Valley guard station 3742081115029 12 Do.

S5 (D-35-1)33dda-S1 Spring in Upper Valley above Allen Creek 3742581114704 12 Do.

S6 (D-35-2)16acd-S1 Spring in Upper Valley Creek above confluence 

with North Creek

3745541114057 12 Do.

S7 (D-35-4)7bda-S1 Spring in Mamie Creek 400 ft above mouth 3746571113021 3, 4 see Goode (1969) for data from 

other springs in Death 

Hollow

Table 1. Records of selected surface-water sites and springs in the Escalante River drainage basin, Garfield and Kane Counties, Utah—Continued

Site 

number Local number Description of site Site ID

Table 

containing 

additional 

data

Source of data
16 Seepage Investigation and Selected Hydrologic Data, Garfield and Kane Counties, Utah, 1909-2002

SPRINGS—Continued

S8 (D-35-4)10ccb-S1 Spring in Sand Creek 200 ft above mouth 3746311112726 3, 4

S9 (D-35-5)1abd-S1 Calf Creek Spring 3747481112444 4, 12 OFR 95-340

S10 (D-35-5)23cba-S1 Seepage from fracture in Navajo Sandstone, 

right bank about 2 mi below Boulder Creek

3745001111931 4

S11 (D-35-6)31bcc-S1 wall spring (informal designation) 3743211111738 3, 4, 6, 12

S12 (D-35-6)31dba-S1 Spring in fern glen alcove 400 ft above mouth 3743101111700 4

S13 (D-37-1)10acd-S1 Horse Spring near Canaan Peak 3736231114621 12 OFR 83-871

S14 (D-37-3)6aaa-S1 Rock Spring 3737351113619 12 Do.

S15 (D-36-2)13aad-S1 Oak Spring above Dave Canyon in Alvey Wash 3740581113729 12 Do.

S16 (D-37-2)36cbc-S1 Camp Spring in Right Hand Collet Canyon, 

Kaiparowits Plateau

3732381113824 12 Do.

S17 (D-38-3)17bda-S1 Relishen Seep, Long Canyon, Kaiparowits 

Plateau

3730351113629 12 Do.

S18 (D-38-3)14cbc-S1 Hardhead Water Spring, Long Canyon, 

Kaiparowits Plateau

3730171113334 12 Do.

S19 (D-38-3)11aad-S1 Spring near Willard Canyon, Left Hand Collet 

Canyon, Kaiparowits Plateau

3731341113233 12 Do.

S20 (D-38-8)5bab-S1 Spring from fracture in Wingate Sandstone, 300 

ft above Scorpion Gulch

3731441110350 4, 5

S21 (D-38-8)8ada-S1 Spring 1 mi below Scorpion Gulch, right bank, 

at Wingate-Chinle Formation contact

3731321110318 5, 6, 12

S22 (D-38-8)8ada-S2 Spring 200 ft downstream (east) of (D-38- 

8)8ada-S1 at Wingate-Chinle Formation 

contact

3731321110316 4

S23 (D-38-8)4dbc-S1 Spring in tuning fork canyon, 2 mi below 

Scorpion Gulch and 0.4 mi from mouth

3732041110231 5, 6, 12

S24 (D-39-8)13bab-S1 Spring in Coyote Gulch about 1 mi above 

mouth, left bank at Navajo-Kayenta contact

3725371105936 5, 12

S25 (D-39-9)19dba-S1 Spring 3.3 mi below Coyote Gulch, right bank, 

discharges from rocks above Lake Powell

3724151105800 4 Do. See Cooley (1965) for data 

from other springs along 

Escalante River below 

Coyote Gulch

S26 (D-39-9)19dcc-S1 Spring about 4 mi below Coyote Gulch, right 

bank, large volume spring discharges from 

rocks above Lake Powell

3724001105809 4, 5 Do.

S27 (D-39-9)20cad-S1 Spring 4.7 mi below Coyote Gulch, left bank 3724111105717 4 Do.

S28 (D-39-9)29aac-S1 Spring 5.7 mi below Coyote Gulch, left bank, 

discharges from rocks above Lake Powell

3723451105651 4, 5 Do.

Table 1. Records of selected surface-water sites and springs in the Escalante River drainage basin, Garfield and Kane Counties, Utah—Continued

Site 

number Local number Description of site Site ID

Table 

containing 

additional 

data

Source of data
Tables 17

Table 2. Error analysis for data collected during seepage investigation along 15 reaches of the Escalante River between gaging station 09337500 and 

Stevens Canyon, Garfield and Kane Counties, Utah, October 2001—Continued

Site 

number Description of reach Qus (ft3/s) Qds (ft3/s) Qin (ft3/s) 

Computation 

of loss (-) 

or gain

Normalized 

percentage 

difference

(Nd%)

Normalized 

percentage 

error 

(Ne%)

Nd% > 

Ne%

(Y or N)

Formation

October 23, 2001

10 to 11 Escalante River at USGS gage (09337500) to 

Escalante River above Mamie Creek

4.07G 3.66P 0 -0.41 -10.1 -12.2 N Jn

11 to 13 Escalante River above Mamie Creek to 

Escalante River above Sand Creek, 

includes Mamie Creek inflow

(Site 12)

3.66P 12.5G 7.61G 1.23 9.8 10.4 N Jn

13 to 15 Escalante River above Sand Creek to 

Escalante River above Calf Creek, 

includes Sand Creek inflow (site 14)

12.5G 23.2F 11.6G -.9 -3.7 -12.7 N Jn/Jk

15 to 19 Escalante River above Calf Creek to 

Escalante River below Calf Creek, 

includes Calf Creek inflow (site 18)

23.2F 28.1G 6.02F -1.12 -3.8 -12.8 N Jk

19 to 20 Escalante River below Calf Creek (at 

temporary USGS gage) to Escalante River 

above Boulder Creek

28.1G 29.8F 0 1.7 5.7 12.7 N Jk/Jn

20 to 29 Escalante River above Boulder Creek to 

Escalante River above The Gulch (first 

measurement), includes Boulder Creek 

inflow (site 25)

29.8F 59.8F 27.4G 2.6 4.3 14.3 N Jn

20 to 29 Escalante River above Boulder Creek to 

Escalante River above The Gulch (second 

measurement), includes Boulder Creek 

inflow (site 25)

29.8F 60.0G 27.4G 2.8 4.7 11.3 N Jn

October 24, 2001

29 to 32 Escalante River above The Gulch (first 

measurement) to Escalante River above 

Horse Canyon, includes The Gulch inflow 

(site 30)

58.0G 53.9G e .01P -4.1 -7.1 -9.6 N Jn

29 to 32 Escalante River above The Gulch (second 

measurement) to Escalante River above 

Horse Canyon, includes The Gulch inflow 

(site 30)

57.6G 53.9G e .01P -3.7 -6.4 -9.7 N Jn

32 to 36 Escalante River above Horse Canyon to 

Escalante River above Harris Wash

53.9G 55.9G 0 2.0 3.6 9.8 N Jn/Jk

36 to 39 Escalante River above Harris Wash to 

Escalante River above Fence Canyon, 

includes Harris Wash inflow (site 37)

55.9G 61.4G 1.54P 3.96 6.4 9.8 N Jk/Jw

39 to 44 Escalante River above Fence Canyon to 

Escalante River above Twentyfive Mile 

Wash, includes Fence Canyon inflow (site 

40)

61.4 G 64.8 F .07P 3.33 5.1 12.7 N Jw

Table 2. Error analysis for data collected during seepage investigation along 15 reaches of the Escalante River between gaging station 09337500 and 

Stevens Canyon, Garfield and Kane Counties, Utah, October 2001

[Site number: See table 1 and plate 1 for location of sites and reaches; Description of reach: Tributary inflows with measured or estimated discharge are 

described and numbered; Qus, discharge measured at upstream site; Qds, discharge measured at downstream site; Qin, discharge measured at tributary inflow. If 

tributary is not mentioned, then it had zero discharge; ft3/s, cubic feet per second; e, estimated; G, in the opinion of the hydrographer, the measured discharge is 

within 5 percent of actual discharge; F, within 8 percent; P, greater than 8 percent; Computation of loss (-) or gain = Qds - (Qus +Qin - Qdiversion); Nd%, 

Normalized percentage difference, used to determine the difference between discharge measured at upstream and downstream cross sections of a given channel 

reach. See text for equations and definitions of terms; Ne%, Normalized percentage error, used to determine if a computed loss or gain significantly exceeds errors 

associated with discharge measurement. See text for equations and definitions of terms; Nd%, greater than (>) Ne%: Y, Yes; N, No. If Y, then computed loss (-) or 

gain is considered significant. Formation: Jn, Jurassic Navajo Sandstone; Jk, Jurassic Kayenta Formation; Jw, Jurassic Wingate Sandstone; Trc, Triassic Chinle 

Formation; —, no data available]
18 Seepage Investigation and Selected Hydrologic Data, Garfield and Kane Counties, Utah, 1909-2002

October 24, 2001—Continued

44 to 47 Escalante River above Twentyfive Mile Wash 

to Escalante River below Moody Creek, 

includes Twentyfive Mile Wash inflow 

(site 45)

64.8 F 61.9 F .5P -3.4 -5.2 -15.6 N JwTrc

47 to 49 Escalante River below Moody Creek to 

Escalante River above Scorpion Gulch

61.9 F 62.1 G 0 .2 .3 13.0 N Trc

49 to 55 Escalante River above Scorpion Gulch to 

Escalante River 3.7 mi above Fools 

Canyon, includes Scorpion Gulch inflow 

(site 51) and estimate of tuning fork inflow 

(site 53) (didn’t land helicopter to measure 

tuning fork inflow to avoid disturbing 

campers near mouth as per special use 

permit stipulations)

62.1 G 61.3 G .02 P 

e .5P 

-1.32 -2.1 -9.9 N Trc

55 to 56 Escalante River 3.7 mi above Fools Canyon 

to Escalante River above Fools Canyon

61.3 G 62.1 G 0 .8 1.3 9.9 N Trc

56 to 60 Escalante River above Fools Canyon to 

Escalante River above Stevens Canyon, 

includes Fools Canyon inflow (site 58)

62.1 G 59.5 G e .002 -2.6 -4.2 -9.8 N Trc/Jw

Table 2. Error analysis for data collected during seepage investigation along 15 reaches of the Escalante River between gaging station 09337500 and 

Stevens Canyon, Garfield and Kane Counties, Utah, October 2001—Continued

Site 

number Description of reach Qus (ft3/s) Qds (ft3/s) Qin (ft3/s) 

Computation 

of loss (-) 

or gain

Normalized 

percentage 

difference

(Nd%)

Normalized 

percentage 

error 

(Ne%)

Nd% > 

Ne%

(Y or N)

Formation
Tables 19

Table 3. Discharge, specific conductance, and temperature of water measured during seepage investigations along the Escalante River and tributaries, 

Garfield and Kane Counties, Utah, October 1981 and October 2001—Continued

Site 

number Description of site Discharge(ft3/s)

Specific 

conductance

(μS/cm)

Water 

temperature 

(

oC)

Formation

October 21, 1981

10 Escalante River near Escalante at USGS gage (09337500) 16.8 — — Jn

11 Escalante River above Mamie Creek 18.8 850 — Jn

12 Mamie Creek at mouth 7.2 420 — Jn

13 Escalante River above Sand Creek 27.5 680 — Jn

14 Sand Creek at mouth 10.0 800 — Jn

15 Escalante River above Calf Creek 36.2 730 — Jk

18 Calf Creek at mouth 6.4 680 — Jk

20 Escalante River above Boulder Creek 43.9 680 — Jn

25 Boulder Creek at mouth 41.2 280 — Jn

29 Escalante River above The Gulch 88.8 500 — Jn

30 The Gulch at mouth 1.0 520 — Jn

October 22, 1981

31 Escalante River below The Gulch 78.9 — — Jn

36 Escalante River above Harris Wash 73.3 500 — Jk

37 Harris Wash at mouth 5.9 700 — Jk

39 Escalante River above Fence Canyon 78.9 510 — Jw

October 23, 2001

10 Escalante River near Escalante at USGS gage (09337500) 4.07 1,398 7.0 Jn

11 Escalante River above Maime Creek 3.66 1,337 10.0 Jn

12 Mamie Creek at mouth 7.61 416 12.0 Jn

S7 Spring in Death Hollow, 400 ft above mouth, right side <.004e 98 — Jn

13 Escalante River above Sand Creek 12.5 751 9.5 Jn

14 Sand Creek at mouth 11.6 653 9.0 Jn

S8 Spring in Sand Creek 200 ft above mouth, right side .01e 900 15.5 Jn

15 Escalante River above Calf Creek 23.2 717 12.0 Jk

17 Calf Creek at bridge to BLM Calf Creek Campground 5.89 — 13.5 Jk

18 Calf Creek at mouth 6.02 676 13.0 Jk

19 Escalante River below Calf Creek at USGS temporary gage 28.1 705 12.0 Jk

20 Escalante River above Boulder Creek 29.8 720 11.5 Jn

25 Boulder Creek at mouth 27.4 308 9.5 Jn

29 Escalante River above The Gulch (first measurement) 59.8 551 10.5 Jn

29 Escalante River above The Gulch (second measurement) 60.0 551 — Jn

30 The Gulch at mouth .007 595 — Jn

October 24, 2001

17 Calf Creek at BLM campground bridge 6.36 — 11.5 Jk

18 Calf Creek at mouth 5.28 680 — Jk

19 Escalante River below Calf Creek at USGS temporary gage 26.5 700 7.0 Jk

29 Escalante River above The Gulch (first measurement) 58.0 540 10.0 Jn

29 Escalante River above The Gulch (second measurement) 57.6 540 10.0 Jn

S11 (D-35-6)31bcc-S1 (wall spring) .021 144 15.0 Jn

Table 3. Discharge, specific conductance, and temperature of water measured during seepage investigations along the Escalante River and tributaries, 

Garfield and Kane Counties, Utah, October 1981 and October 2001

[Site number: See plate 1 for location of sites. Description of site: USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; (09337500), station number of streamflow-gaging station 

operated by the USGS; Discharge: ft3/s, cubic feet per second; e, estimated; Specific Conductance: μS/cm, microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius; 

Water Temperature: oC, degrees Celsius; Formation: Jn, Jurassic Navajo Sandstone; Jk, Jurassic Kayenta Formation; Jw, Jurassic Wingate Sandstone; Trc, 

Triassic Chinle Formation; —, no data available; <, less than; ft, feet; mi, mile] 
20 Seepage Investigation and Selected Hydrologic Data, Garfield and Kane Counties, Utah, 1909-2002

October 24, 2001—Continued

32 Escalante River above Horse Canyon 53.9 512 12.0 Jk

34 Silver Falls Creek at mouth dry — — Jk

36 Escalante River above Harris Wash 55.9 524 8.0 Jk

37 Harris Wash at mouth 1.54 245 7.5 Jk

39 Escalante River above Fence Canyon 61.4 540 8.5 Jw

40 Fence Canyon at mouth .07 379 8.0 Jw

44 Escalante River above Twentyfive Mile Wash 64.8 531 9.5 Jw

45 Twentyfive Mile Wash at mouth .50 379 8.0 Jw

46 Moody Creek at mouth dry — — Trc

47 Escalante River below Moody Creek 61.9 512 9.5 Trc

49 Escalante River above Scorpion Gulch 62.1 505 10.5 Jw

51 Scorpion Gulch at mouth .02 e 258 11.0 Jw

53 Mouth of unnamed tributary 2 mi below Scorpion Gulch (tuning fork 

canyon) 

.5 e — — Trc

55 Escalante River 3.7 mi above Fools Canyon (near slumps blocks in 

Chinle Formation)

61.3 504 11.5 Trc

56 Escalante River above Fools Canyon 62.1 505 12.0 Trc

58 Fools Canyon at mouth .002e 523 14.5 Trc

60 Escalante River above Stevens Canyon 59.5 510 11.0 Jw

62 Stevens Canyon at mouth .002e 551 8.0 Jw

Table 3. Discharge, specific conductance, and temperature of water measured during seepage investigations along the Escalante River and tributaries, 

Garfield and Kane Counties, Utah, October 1981 and October 2001—Continued

Site 

number Description of site Discharge

(ft3/s)

Specific 

conductance

(μS/cm)

Water 

temperature 

(

oC)

Formation
Tables 21

Table 4. Field measurements of specific conductance and water temperature from selected surface-water sites and springs in the Escalante River drainage 

basin, Garfield and Kane Counties, Utah, 1951-2002—Continued

Site 

number Description of site Date

Specific 

conductance 

(μS/cm)

Water 

temperature 

(

oC)

SURFACE-WATER SITES

10 Escalante River near Escalante at USGS gage (09337500) 20011023 1,398 7.0

11 Escalante River above Mamie Creek 119811021 850 — 120011023 1,340 10.0

12 Mamie Creek at mouth 119811021 420 — 120011023 416 12.0

13 Escalante River above Sand Creek 119811021 680 —

20011023 751 9.5

14 Sand Creek at mouth 119811021 800 — 120011023 653 9.0

15 Escalante River above Calf Creek 119811021 730 — 120011023 717 12.0

16 Calf Creek above BLM campground and outflow from Calf Creek spring 19940601 660 21.5

17 Calf Creek at BLM campground bridge 19940518 670 14.4

120011023 — 13.5

18 Calf Creek at mouth 119811021 680 — 120011023 676 13.0

120011024 680 9.5

19 Escalante River below Calf Creek at USGS temporary gage 120011023 705 12.0

 120011024 700 7.0

20 Escalante River above Boulder Creek 119811021 680 — 120011023 720 11.5

21 East Fork Boulder Creek near Boulder (09338000) 19710820 80 7.0

 19710915 90 9.5

 19711020 90 4.0

 19720111 — 1.0

 19720419 110 .0

 19720606 70 5.5

 19720711 80 8.0

 19720814 105 11.0

 19720913 105 9.0

23 Deer Creek near Boulder (09338900) 20000616 440 18.0

24 Boulder Creek near Boulder (09339000) 20020409 360 —

20021210 266 1.5

25 Boulder Creek at mouth 119811021 280 —

20010517 320 20.0

120011023 308 9.5

26 Unnamed tributary 1.1 mi below Boulder Creek, left bank 20010518 193 —

27 Unnamed tributary 1.6 mi above The Gulch and 0.1 mi from mouth 20010518 194 17.0

28 Pool 200 feet up unnamed tributary and 0.3 mi above The Gulch 20010518 162 —

29 Escalante River above The Gulch 119811021 500 — 120011023 551 10.5

 120011024 540 10.0

Table 4. Field measurements of specific conductance and water temperature from selected surface-water sites and springs in the Escalante River drainage 

basin, Garfield and Kane Counties, Utah, 1951-2002

[Site number: See plate 1 for location of sites; Description of site: See numbering system used for hydrologic-data sites in Utah for location of springs; Date: In 

year, month, day format; Specific conductance: μS/cm, microsiemens per centimeter at 25o Celsius; Water temperature: oC, degrees Celsius; — , no data; 

USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; BLM, Bureau of Land Management; mi, mile; ft, feet]
22 Seepage Investigation and Selected Hydrologic Data, Garfield and Kane Counties, Utah, 1909-2002

SURFACE-WATER SITES—Continued

30 The Gulch at mouth 119811021 520 —

20010518 555 —

 120011023 595 —

32 Escalante River above Horse Canyon 120011024 512 12.0

33 Horse Canyon 500 ft above mouth 20010519 820 21.5

34 Silver Falls Creek at mouth 20010520 1,110 28.0

36 Escalante River above Harris Wash 119811022 500 — 120011024 524 8.0

37 Harris Wash at mouth 119811022 700 —

20010520 785 18.5

120011024 245 7.5

38 Unnamed tributary 1.2 mi above Fence Canyon, left bank 20010520 295 25.0

39 Escalante River above Fence Canyon 119811022 510 — 120011024 540 8.5

40 Fence Canyon at mouth 20010520 390 20.0

 120011024 379 8.0

41 Neon Canyon at base of falls 0.6 mi above mouth 20010520 123 13.5

44 Escalante River above Twentyfive Mile Wash 120011024 531 9.5

45 Twentyfive Mile Wash at mouth 20010520 1,300 —

 120011024 379 8.0

47 Escalante River below Moody Creek 120011024 512 9.5

48 East Moody Canyon at mouth 20010521 626 28.5

49 Escalante River above Scorpion Gulch 120011024 505 10.5

51 Scorpion Gulch at mouth 120011024 258 11.0

52 Unnamed tributary 2 mi below Scorpion Gulch and 0.4 mi from mouth 20010522 502 21.5

54 Mouth of unnamed canyon 6.5 mi above Fools Canyon on left bank 20010522 1,420 20.5

55 Escalante River 3.7 mi above Fools Canyon 120011024 504 11.5

56 Escalante River above Fools Canyon 120011024 505 12.0

57 Fools Canyon 1 mi above mouth 20010523 524 25.0

58 Fools Canyon at mouth 120011024 523 14.5

59 Unnamed canyon 3 mi above Stevens Canyon on left bank 20010523 465 17.0

60 Escalante River above Stevens Canyon 120011024 510 11.0

62 Stevens Canyon at mouth 120011024 551 8.0

63 Escalante River at Coyote Gulch 20010524 286 —

64 Escalante River at mouth at USGS gage (09339500) 19510524 717 —

SPRINGS

S7 (D-35- 4) 7bda-S1 120011023 98 14.0

S8 (D-35- 4)10ccb-S1 120011023 900 15.5

S9 (D-35- 5) 1abd-S1 19940518 650 14.4

— 19940601 650 14.5

S10 (D-35- 5)23cba-S1 20010518 344 —

S11 (D-35- 6)31bcc-S1 220010518 146 15.0

120011024 144 15.0

S12 (D-35- 6)31dba-S1 20010519 157 —

S20 (D-38- 8) 5bab-S1 20010522 198 17.5

S22 (D-38- 8) 8ada-S2 20010522 142 16.5

S25 (D-39- 9)19dba-S1 20010524 148 —

Table 4. Field measurements of specific conductance and water temperature from selected surface-water sites and springs in the Escalante River drainage 

basin, Garfield and Kane Counties, Utah, 1951-2002—Continued

Site 

number Description of site Date

Specific 

conductance 

(μS/cm)

Water 

temperature 

(

oC)
Tables 23

SPRINGS—Continued

S26 (D-39- 9)19dcc-S1 20010524 160 —

S27 (D-39- 9)20cad-S1 20010524 159 —

S28 (D-39- 9)29aac-S1 20010524 169 — 1Sample duplicated in table 3.

2Chemical analysis in table 12.

Table 4. Field measurements of specific conductance and water temperature from selected surface-water sites and springs in the Escalante River drainage 

basin, Garfield and Kane Counties, Utah, 1951-2002—Continued

Site 

number Description of site Date

Specific 

conductance 

(μS/cm)

Water 

temperature 

(

oC)
24 Seepage Investigation and Selected Hydrologic Data, Garfield and Kane Counties, Utah, 1909-2002

Table 5. Tritium concentration in water from selected surface-water sites and springs along the Escalante River and tributaries, Garfield and Kane 

Counties, Utah, 2001

[Analyses by Dissolved Gas Lab, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah. Site number: See plate 1 for location of sites; Description of site: See numbering 

system used for hydrologic-data sites in Utah; Site ID: A unique number in the U.S. Geological Survey database that is used to identify a site and is based on the 

latitude (first 6 digits) and longitude (last 7 digits) of the site. 1927 North American Datum (NAD 1927); Date and time sampled: month, day, year and 24-hour 

time that sample was collected; Formation: Qt, Quaternary rockfall talus; Jn, Jurassic Navajo Sandstone; Jk, Jurassic Kayenta Formation; Jw, Jurassic Wingate 

Formation; Trc, Triassic Chinle Formation; Tritium units: represents one molecule of 3H1HO in 1018 molecules of H2O; ft, feet; mi, mile]

Site 

number Description of site Site ID Date and time sampled Formation Tritium units 

Uncertainty of analysisin 

Tritium Units

Plus Minus

S20 Spring in fracture 300 ft above Scorpion Gulch, 

right bank

(D-38-8)5bab-S1

373144 1110350 05-22-01 at 0940 hrs Jw 0.53 0.03 0.06

50 Stream in Scorpion Gulch near mouth 373138 1110345 05-21-01 at 2000 hrs Jw 1.20 .06 .10

S21 Spring 1 mi below Scorpion Gulch, right bank

(D-38-8)8ada-S1

373132 1110318 05-22-01 at 1130 hrs Jw/Trc .05 .01 .02

52 Stream in tuning fork canyon 373204 1110232 05-22-01 at 1530 hrs Jw 3.81 .19 .19

S23 Spring in tuning fork canyon

(D-38-8)4dbc-S1

373204 1110231 05-22-01 at 1630 hrs Jw/Qt 4.17 .21 .21

57 Stream in Fools Canyon 1 mi above mouth 372757 1110046 05-23-01 at 1500 hrs Jw 2.72 .23 .47

61 Stream in Stevens Canyon near mouth 372608 1105838 05-24-01 at 1105 hrs Jw 5.48 .27 .27

S24 Spring in Coyote Gulch, left bank

(D-39-8)13bab-S1

372537 1105936 05-24-01 at 1400 hrs Jn/Jk .30 .07 .13

S26 Spring about 4 mi below Coyote Gulch, right 

bank 

(D-39-9)19dcc-S1

372400 1105809 05-24-01 at 1755 hrs Jn/Jk .39 .02 .02

S28 Spring 5.7 mi below Coyote Gulch, left bank

(D-39-9)29aac-S1

372345 1105651 05-24-01 at 1830 hrs Jn/Jk .04 .00 .01
Tables 25

Table 6. Chlorofluorocarbon concentration in water from selected surface-water sites and springs along the Escalante River and tributaries, Garfield and 

Kane Counties, Utah, 2001

[Analysis by Dissolved Gas Lab, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; Site number: See plate 1 for location of sites. Sample was divided into three equal 

volumes, a, b, and c, for individual laboratory analysis; Description of site: See numbering system used for hydrologic-data sites in Utah; Site ID: A unique 

number in the U.S. Geological Survey database that is used to identify a site and is based on the latitude (first 6 digits) and longitude (last 7 digits) of the site. 1927 

North American Datum (NAD 1927); Date sampled: in month, day, year format; Formation: Qt, Quaternary rockfall talus; Jn, Jurassic Navajo Sandstone; Jk, 

Jurassic Kayenta Formation; Jw, Jurassic Wingate Sandstone; Trc, Triassic Chinle Formation; CFC-11 concentration: Chlorofluorocarbon-11 (CCl2F); CFC-12 

concentration: Chlorofluorocarbon-12 (CCl2F2); pmoles/kg, picomoles per kilogram; mi, mile]

Site 

number Description of site Site ID Datesampled Formation

CFC-11 

concentration

 (pmoles/kg)

CFC-12 

concentration

(pmoles/kg)

19a Escalante River below Calf Creek at U.S. Geological Survey 

temporary gage

3746351112456 10-25-2001 Jk 4.57 2.98

19b 6.35 3.08

19c 5.73 2.97

25a Boulder Creek at mouth 3745261112058 05-17-2001 Jn 3.56 1.55

25b 2.38 1.27

25c 2.24 1.24

S11a Wall spring (informal designation)

(D-35-6)31bcc-S1

3743321111738 05-18-2001 Jn .05 .16

S11b .37 .05

S11c .19 .07

36a Escalante River above Harris Wash 3739461111254 10-24-2001 Jk 4.67 2.40

36b 4.59 2.53

36c 6.59 2.62

39a Escalante River above Fence Canyon 3736461111042 10-24-2001 Jn 5.51 2.42

39b 4.50 2.52

39c 5.49 2.67

44a Escalante River above Twentyfive Mile Wash 3734461110742 10-24-2001 Jw 4.57 2.51

44b 4.98 2.35

44c 6.04 2.39

45a Twentyfive Mile Wash at mouth 3734461110744 10-24-2001 Jw 3.73 2.21

45b 3.99 2.30

45c 3.85 2.39

47a Escalante River below Moody Creek 3733561110509 10-24-2001 Trc 2.91 2.54

47b 3.89 2.62

47c 4.67 4.51

49a Escalante River above Scorpion Gulch 3731441110344 10-24-2001 Jw 3.29 2.19

49b 4.92 2.34

49c 4.08 2.49

50a Scorpion Gulch near mouth 3731381110345 05-21-2001 Jw 3.07 1.53

50b 2.78 1.39

50c 3.02 1.69

S21a Spring 1 mi below Scorpion Gulch, right bank at WingateChinle Formation contact

(D-38-8)8ada-S1

3731321110318 05-22-2001 Jw/Trc 2.42 1.58

S21b 2.25 1.58

S21c 2.21 1.37

S23a Spring in tuning fork canyon, 2 mi below Scorpion Gulch and 

0.4 mi from mouth

(D-38-8)4dbc-S1

3732041110231 05-22-2001 Qt/Jn 2.96 1.95

S23b 3.06 1.89

S23c 3.71 1.90

56a Escalante River above Fools Canyon 3728021110004 10-24-2001 Jw 6.84 2.23

56b

56c 4.33 2.27

60a Escalante River above Stevens Canyon 3726101105852 10-24-2001 Jw 3.99 2.49

60b 3.93 2.31

60c 4.69 2.55
26 Seepage Investigation and Selected Hydrologic Data, Garfield and Kane Counties, Utah, 1909-2002

Table 7. Selected data for gaging stations in the Escalante River drainage basin, Garfield and Kane Counties, 1909-2002

[Site number: See plate 1 for location of streamflow-gaging stations; Description of site: General description of active or discontinued gaging station; Source of 

data: USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; SWR, Surface Water Records of Utah, USGS-published surface-water data from 1961 to 1969; TP, Technical Publication, 

reports prepared by the USGS in cooperation with Utah State agencies, typically Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water Rights; WDR, Water Data 

Report, USGS-published water-data reports since 1975; WRD, Water Resources Data, USGS-published water data reports from 1965-74; WSP, Water-Supply 

Paper, USGS-published report series; ft3/s, cubic feet per second; approx., approximately; —, no data; mi, miles; mm-dd-yyyy, month, day, year]

Site 

number

Gaging 

station 

number

Description of site Period of record

Drainage 

area 

(square 

miles)

Annual 

mean 

discharge 

(ft3/s)

1 09335500 North Creek near Escalante Jul 1950-Sep 1955 90 7.64

3 09336000 Birch Creek near Escalante Jul 1950-Sep 1951, Annual 

peaks 1959-74

36 .54

5 09336400 Upper Valley Creek near Escalante Water years 1959-74 53 —

7 09336500 Birch Creek at mouth, near Escalante Oct 1951-Jul 1955 100 3.26

9 09337000 Pine Creek near Escalante4 Jul 1950-Sep 1955, 

Jul 1957-Sep 2002

78 5.15

10 09337500 Escalante River near Escalante4 Aug 1909-Apr 1913

Oct 1942-Sep 1955,

Dec 1971-Sep 2002

310 11.0

21 09338000 East Fork Boulder Creek near Boulder Jul 1951-Sep 1955, 

Jul 1957-Sep 1972

21.4 23.7

22 09338500 East Fork Deer Creek near Boulder Jul 1950-Sep 1955 1.9 1.39

23 09338900 Deer Creek near Boulder4 Annual peaks 1959-74 63 —

24 09339000 Boulder Creek near Boulder4 Jul 1950-Sep 19558 175 23.0

43 09339200 Twentymile Wash near Escalante Annual peaks 1959-68 140 —

64 09339500 Escalante River at mouth near Escalante (approx 2.2 mi below 

Davis Gulch and 5.1 mi above confluence with Colorado River 

left bank, site inundated by Lake Powell June 1963)

Apr 1951-Sep 1955 1,770 85.2

1No flow for part of each day August 6, 1951; November 25-27, 1952; December 1, 1953.

2No flow at times.

3Some flow throughout most years, but dry on occasions.

4Active gaging station.

5No flow at times some years.

6No flow for part of day as result of freeze up.

7Gage reactivated in September 2001.

8Gage reactivated in December 2002.

9Only intermittent or ephemeral flow.

10Miscellaneous discharge measurements and water samples were obtained at the mouth of the Escalante River during river reconnaissance trips from Linwood, Utah, to Lee’s Ferry, Arizona, by USGS on October 15, 1946; September 24, 1947; and October 5, 1948 (H.W. Chase, District Engineer, written commun., 1948).
Tables 27

Table 7. Selected data for gaging stations in the Escalante River drainage basin, Garfield and Kane Counties, 1909-2002—Continued

Site 

number

Number of 

water years 

used to 

calculate 

annual 

mean 

Gaging station 

number

Extremes

Source of 

Maximum data

discharge (ft3/s)

Date of 

maximum 

discharge

(mm-dd-yy) 

Minimum 

discharge (ft3/s)

Date of 

minimum 

discharge

(mm-dd-yy) 

1 5 09335500 3,610 08-21-52 0 (1) WSP 1733, TP 21

2 1 09336000 3,400 08-19-63 0 (2) WSP 1733, SWR 1963

4 — 09336400 5,560 08-02-59 0 (3) SWR 1962

7 3 09336500 1,010 07-12-54 .1 07-13-55 and 07-14-55 WSP 1733

9 50 09337000 1,010 08-02-67 0 (5) WRD 1967

10 46 09337500 4,550 08-24-98 0.07 12-24-78 WDR-UT-98-1

21 20 09338000 483 05-20-64 8.2 11-05-51 WSP 1733, SWR 1964

22 5 09338500 224 08-03-61 0 602-10-53 SWR 1962, WSP 1733

23 — 09338900 3,820 08-03-61 0 (3) 7SWR 1962

24 5 09339000 4,650 07-25-55 6.1 06-26-53 WSP 1733

43 — 09339200 4,620 08-27-63 0 (9) SWR 1963

64 5 09339500 14,600 08-04-51 4.4 08-20-50 and 07-11-51 10WSP 1733
28 Seepage Investigation and Selected Hydrologic Data, Garfield and Kane Counties, Utah, 1909-2002

Record number Date

Specific 

conductance

(μS/cm)

Water 

temperature

(

oC)

97100373 19710819 340 19.0

97100374 19710915 400 13.5

97200857 19711021 400 1.0

97200859 19720217 340 0.0

97200860 19720323 360 9.0

97200861 19720418 400 11.0

97200862 19720512 220 4.0

97200863 19720605 255 15.0

97200864 19720711 250 22.5

97200865 19720814 360 17.5

97200866 19720913 340 14.0

97300980 19721018 340 7.5

97300981 19721018 340 7.5

97300982 19721129 400 .0

97300983 19721129 400 .0

97300984 19730108 375 .0

97300985 19730108 375 .0

97300986 19730418 360 4.0

97300987 19730509 380 9.5

97300988 19730613 280 11.5

97300989 19730710 380 19.0

97400862 19731002 350 5.0

97400863 19731213 300 .5

97400864 19740214 320 .5

97400865 19740319 350 8.5

97400866 19740501 370 13.0

97400867 19740606 300 11.0

97400868 19740710 220 21.0

97400869 19740828 340 13.0

97501693 19741009 315 8.0

97501694 19741205 380 .5

97501695 19750128 320 .0

97501696 19750228 340 .0

97501697 19750508 440 10.0

97501698 19750702 445 21.0

97501699 19750731 295 21.5

97501700 19750904 345 20.0

97601498 19751010 375 9.5

97601499 19751119 360 .5

97601500 19751211 380 .5

97601501 19760122 365 .0

97601502 19760204 370 .0

97601503 19760311 355 .5

97601504 19760421 55 10.0

97601505 19760527 245 10.5

97601506 19760701 240 18.0

97601507 19760805 260 21.0

97701409 19761011 350 8.0

97701410 19761109 345 7.0

97701411 19770104 325 .5

97701412 19770228 400 3.0

97801337 19771004 420 22.0

97801338 19771109 420 2.0

97801339 19780112 420 .0

97801340 19780321 350 5.5

97801341 19780426 420 11.5

97801342 19780602 250 11.0

97801343 19780710 225 22.0

97801344 19780809 220 20.0

97801345 19780911 390 20.0

97901219 19781004 340 15.5

97901220 19781107 350 9.0

97901221 19781212 455 1.5

97901222 19790418 400 5.0

97901223 19790515 400 8.0

97901224 19790612 405 15.0

97901225 19790717 390 20.0

97901226 19790822 350 16.5

97901227 19790920 275 12.0

98001344 19791004 350 13.0

98001345 19791115 380 7.0

98001346 19800408 380 4.0

98001347 19800506 350 3.0

98001348 19800624 390 18.0

98001349 19800806 380 18.0

98101259 19801006 345 14.0

98101260 19801201 310 .5

98101261 19810114 330 .5

98101262 19810324 375 8.5

98101263 19810421 — 7.0

98101264 19810519 375 11.0

98101265 19810624 225 14.0

98101266 19810715 310 15.0

98101267 19810903 370 16.0

98200773 19811008 370 6.0

98200774 19811117 375 3.0

98200775 19811216 385 .5

98200776 19820114 400 .5

Record number Date

Specific 

conductance

(μS/cm)

Water 

temperature

(

oC)

Table 8. Field measurements of specific conductance and water temperature at gaging station at Pine Creek near Escalante (09337000, site 9), 

Garfield County, Utah, 1971-91

[Record number: A unique number that identifies one water-quality sample in the U.S. Geological Survey data base. See plate 1 for location of gaging 

station 09337000; Date: in year, month, day format; Specific conductance: μS/cm, microsiemens per centimeter at 25o Celsius; Water temperature: oC, 

degrees Celsius; —, no data]
Tables 29

98200777 19820222 390 1.0

98200778 19820331 440 6.0

98200779 19820429 195 5.5

98200780 19820520 180 9.0

98200781 19820623 400 10.5

98200782 19820722 310 18.0

98200783 19820817 345 18.0

98301022 19821007 365 3.0

98301023 19821115 445 .5

98301024 19821228 270 .5

98301025 19830126 400 6.0

98301026 19830307 395 .5

98301027 19830415 435 2.0

98301028 19830518 470 3.0

98301029 19830620 330 12.0

98301030 19830809 370 17.0

98301031 19830920 335 7.0

98401607 19831018 370 8.0

98401608 19831207 385 .5

98401609 19840112 410 .5

98401610 19840209 390 .5

98401611 19840312 400 3.0

98401612 19840412 435 7.0

98401613 19840510 160 9.5

98401614 19840613 400 10.5

98401615 19840718 320 23.0

98401616 19840822 285 15.5

98601853 19851016 385 8.0

98601854 19851129 370 .5

98601855 19860117 390 1.0

98601856 19860311 415 5.0

98601857 19860424 310 6.5

98601858 19860602 320 15.0

98601859 19860701 275 —

98601860 19860818 235 20.0

98802136 19871008 390 8.5

98802137 19871201 — 1.0

98802138 19880210 425 1.0

98802139 19880406 — 6.0

98802140 19880505 335 —

98802141 19880610 — 14.5

98802142 19880713 — 17.0

98802143 19880826 260 17.0

98900833 19881103 380 5.0

98900834 19881207 390 4.0

98900835 19890214 — 1.0

98902431 19890404 — 12.5

98900837 19890503 370 11.0

Record number Date

Specific 

conductance

(μS/cm)

Water 

temperature

(

o

C)

98902449 19890607 320 17.0

98902450 19890713 405 23.0

98902451 19890811 385 20.0

98902452 19890912 390 13.5

99000224 19891005 395 10.5

99000631 19891101 440 10.0

99000632 19891207 430 10.0

99000633 19900118 — 1.0

99000634 19900301 445 .0

99000986 19900304 425 7.0

99000987 19900426 490 10.0

99001690 19900601 440 9.0

99001691 19900720 430 19.0

99002015 19900821 450 16.0

99101372 19901018 425 7.5

99101373 19901129 550 .5

99101374 19910123 — .2

99101375 19910220 450 .0

99101376 19910328 475 2.0

99101377 19910424 450 3.5

99101378 19910515 235 9.5

99101379 19910618 285 16.0

99101380 19910716 225 20.5

99101831 19910820 410 14.0

Record number Date

Specific 

conductance

(μS/cm)

Water 

temperature

(

o

C)

Table 8. Field measurements of specific conductance and water temperature at gaging station at Pine Creek near Escalante (09337000, site 9), 

Garfield County, Utah, 1971-91—Continued
30 Seepage Investigation and Selected Hydrologic Data, Garfield and Kane Counties, Utah, 1909-2002

Record number Date

Specific 

conductance

(μS/cm)

Water 

temperature

(

oC)

96900543 19690806 700 22.0

96900544 19690806 700 22.0

97000373 19691211 280 .0

97000376 19700820 800 17.0

97100375 19701112 800 7.0

97100376 19701112 845 7.0

97100378 19710406 758 —

97200867 19711203 825 1.5

97200869 19720606 610 26.0

97300990 19721018 1,400 11.5

97300991 19721129 1,540 3.5

97300992 19730322 1,350 8.0

97300993 19730418 950 6.0

97300994 19730509 480 19.0

97300995 19730613 470 15.0

97300996 19730809 1,200 28.0

97400870 19731002 940 11.5

97400871 19731101 1,380 12.0

97400872 19731213 925 2.0

97400873 19740214 750 .5

97400874 19740319 850 11.0

97400875 19740502 1,900 7.0

97400876 19740605 1,800 20.0

97400877 19740828 2,200 20.0

97501701 19741009 1,600 14.0

97501702 19741205 2,000 6.0

97501703 19750402 2,100 .0

97501704 19750508 2,000 19.0

97501705 19750702 2,300 26.5

97501706 19750801 2,000 12.0

97501707 19750905 2,150 10.0

97601508 19751008 2,000 2.5

97601509 19751119 1,600 7.0

97601510 19751211 1,100 5.5

97601511 19760123 1,280 .0

97601512 19760204 850 .5

97601513 19760311 1,100 1.0

97601514 19760422 1,850 6.0

97601515 19760527 1,550 12.0

97601516 19760701 2,000 20.5

97601517 19760806 2,300 15.0

97601518 19760831 2,050 24.5

97701413 19761011 1,320 10.0

97701414 19761109 1,300 13.0

97701415 19770228 1,400 8.0

97701416 19770523 2,000 19.0

97701417 19770705 1,900 24.0

97701418 19770809 1,850 28.0

97801346 19771004 1,700 8.0

97801347 19771109 1,550 5.5

97801348 19780111 1,550 —

97801349 19780112 1,720 .0

97801350 19780222 1,250 .5

97801351 19780602 1,500 15.5

97801352 19780710 3,000 25.0

97801353 19780810 1,400 15.0

97801354 19780911 1,500 23.0

97901228 19781004 1,450 —

97901229 19781107 1,050 13.5

97901230 19781212 1,340 .5

97901231 19790306 1,110 5.0

97901232 19790418 720 7.5

97901233 19790515 760 9.0

97901234 19790611 450 20.0

97901235 19790717 2,480 24.0

97901236 19790822 1,120 24.5

97901237 19790921 1,380 9.0

98001350 19791004 1,410 15.5

98001351 19791115 1,740 5.0

98001352 19800205 1,470 1.0

98001353 19800408 960 7.0

98001354 19800506 1,070 10.0

98001355 19800624 720 24.0

98101268 19801006 1,100 20.0

98101269 19801201 980 —

98101270 19810114 870 1.5

98101271 19810324 1,120 11.0

98101272 19810421 — 11.0

98101273 19810519 1,560 12.0

98101274 19810624 1,630 16.0

98101275 19810715 890 23.0

98101276 19810903 1,120 14.5

98200784 19811008 1,070 8.0

98200785 19811117 920 4.5

98200786 19811216 860 1.0

98200787 19820114 960 .5

98200788 19820222 670 6.0

98200789 19820331 850 6.0

98200790 19820429 300 7.5

98200791 19820520 290 11.0

Record number Date

Specific 

conductance

(μS/cm)

Water 

temperature

(

oC)

Table 9. Field measurements of specific conductance and water temperature at gaging station at Escalante River near Escalante (09337500, site 10), 

Garfield County, Utah, 1969-2001

[Record number: A unique number that identifies one water-quality sample in the U.S. Geological Survey data base. See plate 1 for location of gaging station 

09337500; Date: In year, month, date format; Specific conductance: μS/cm, microsiemens per centimeter at 25o Celsius; Water temperature: oC, degrees 

Celsius; —, no data]
Tables 31

98200792 19820623 1,020 15.0

98200793 19820722 1,580 17.0

98200794 19820817 920 19.0

98301032 19821007 1,210 6.0

98301033 19821115 1,550 1.0

98301034 19821228 630 .5

98301035 19830126 850 3.0

98301036 19830307 — 7.0

98301037 19830415 970 4.0

98301038 19830518 810 5.0

98301039 19830620 420 —

98301040 19830809 650 26.0

98401617 19831018 870 9.0

98401618 19831207 760 .5

98401619 19840112 1,030 1.0

98401620 19840209 810 .5

98401621 19840312 910 9.0

98401622 19840412 1,270 6.0

98401623 19840510 315 10.0

98401624 19840613 710 12.0

98401625 19840719 1,560 15.0

98401626 19840822 600 17.0

98601861 19851016 1,040 12.0

98601862 19851129 1,080 —

98601863 19860117 940 3.0

98601864 19860311 930 9.0

98601865 19860424 1,220 16.0

98601866 19860602 1,040 15.0

98601867 19860701 2,810 18.0

98601868 19860818 1,810 27.0

98700894 19870911 2,050 16.0

98802107 19871008 2,070 7.0

98802108 19871201 — 4.5

98802109 19880210 1,260 4.0

98802110 19880406 — 6.0

98802111 19880505 1,060 —

98802112 19880826 690 19.0

98900145 19881004 1,940 15.5

98900795 19881103 850 9.0

98900796 19881207 1,140 8.0

98902764 19890118 1,500 —

98900797 19890129 1,120 —

98900798 19890302 790 4.5

98900799 19890404 1,100 19.0

98900800 19890503 1,950 23.0

98902453 19890607 2,270 26.0

98902454 19890713 2,650 30.0

Record number Date

Specific 

conductance

(μS/cm)

Water 

temperature

(

oC)

98902455 19890811 2,300 25.0

98902456 19890912 2,600 18.0

99000225 19891005 2,680 18.0

99000963 19891101 1,280 10.0

99000964 19891207 2,300 2.0

99002092 19900118 1,500 —

99000966 19900223 — 10.0

99000967 19900404 2,690 18.0

99000968 19900426 2,440 14.0

99001512 19900601 — 16.0

99001513 19900717 — 23.0

99002009 19900821 340 26.0

99101217 19901129 2,500 7.0

99101218 19910123 2,420 6.5

99101219 19910220 2,410 10.0

99101220 19910328 2,990 16.0

99101221 19910424 2,890 12.0

99101222 19910515 2,890 20.5

99101223 19910618 4,350 23.0

99101827 19910820 3,390 21.5

00200308 20011023 1,400 7.0

Record number Date

Specific 

conductance

(μS/cm)

Water 

temperature

(

oC)

Table 9. Field measurements of specific conductance and water temperature at gaging station at Escalante River near Escalante (09337500, site 10), 

Garfield County, Utah, 1969-2001—Continued
32 Seepage Investigation and Selected Hydrologic Data, Garfield and Kane Counties, Utah, 1909-2002

Table 10. Physical properties and results of chemical analyses for water from the gaging station at Escalante River near Escalante (09337500, site 10), 

Garfield County, Utah, 1969-72

[Record number: A unique number that identifies one water-quality sample in the U.S. Geological Survey data base; See plate 1 for location of gaging station 

09337500. Date: In year, month, day format; ft3/s, cubic feet per second; μS/cm, microsiemens per centimeter at 25o Celsius; oC, degrees Celsius; mg/L, 

milligrams per liter; μg/L, micrograms per liter; —, no data]

Record 

number Date Discharge(ft3/s)

pH, water, 

whole, field, 

(standard 

units)

Specific 

conductance

(μS/cm)

Temperature,

 water

(

oC)

Hardness, 

total

(mg/L as 

CaCO3)

Calcium, 

dissolved

(mg/L 

as Ca)

Magnesium, 

dissolved

(mg/L 

as Mg)

96900542 19690805 30.2 7.6 3,260 26.0 1,900 587 101

96900545 19690806 143 7.9 931 22.0 290 29.0 52.0

97000374 19691211 18 7.9 831 0.0 330 75.0 35.0

97000375 19700415 24.4 8.3 731 14.0 260 63.0 24.0

97100376 19701112 15 8.0 845 7.0 300 75.0 27.0

97100377 19710406 18 8.5 700 16.0 — — —

97200868 19711203 20 8.1 915 1.5 320 79.0 31.0

97200870 19720606 10 7.4 625 26.0 230 57.0 22.0

Record 

number

Sodium, 

dissolved

(mg/L as Na)

Alkalinity, 

water, 

unfiltered, 

field

(mg/L as 

CaCO3)

Chloride, 

dissolved 

(mg/L as 

Cl)

Fluoride, 

dissolved

(mg/L as 

F)

Silica, 

dissolved

(mg/L as

SiO2)

Sulfate, 

dissolved 

(mg/L as 

SO4)

Solids, 

residue at 

180oC, 

dissolved

(mg/L)

Solids, sum of 

constituents, 

dissolved

(mg/L)

Boron, 

dissolved

(μg/L as B)

96900542 205 153 90.0 — 14.0 2,030 3,240 3,140 —

96900545 114 354 17.0 — 11.0 176 619 615 —

97000374 53.0 203 64.0 — — 160 552 511 —

97000375 54.0 164 64.0 — — 130 456 437 —

97100376 56.0 171 50.0 — 20.0 164 561 498 —

97100377 — — — — — — — — —

97200868 65.0 168 73.0 — — 180 — 533 —

97200870 38.0 123 49.0 .4 12.0 120 — 377 60
Tables 33
34 Seepage Investigation and Selected Hydrologic Data, Garfield and Kane Counties, Utah, 1909-2002

Table 11. Physical properties and results of chemical analyses for water from the gaging station at Escalante River at mouth (09339500, site 64), Kane 

County, Utah, 1951-53

[Record number: A unique number that identifies one water-quality sample in the U.S. Geological Survey data base. See plate 1 for location of station 

09339500; Date: In year, month, day format; ft3/s, cubic feet per second; μS/cm, microsiemens per centimeter at 25o Celsius; mg/L, milligrams per liter; μg/L, 

micrograms per liter; —, no data]

Record 

number Date

Discharge,

daily mean

(ft3

/s)

Specific 

conductance 

(μS/cm)

pH, water, whole 

(standard units)

Hardness, 

total 

(mg/L as 

CaCO3)

Calcium, 

dissolved

(mg/L as Ca)

Magnesium, 

dissolved

(mg/L as Mg)

Potassium, 

dissolved 

(mg/L as K)

95100392 19510301 83 490 7.7 200 50.0 19.0 4.00

95100393 19510311 67 491 7.6 200 50.0 19.0 3.80

95100394 19510321 60 506 7.3 210 50.0 20.0 4.30

95100395 19510401 85 528 7.4 220 52.0 22.0 5.10

95100396 19510411 32 552 7.8 230 52.0 24.0 7.00

95100397 19510421 49 546 7.8 220 52.0 23.0 5.30

95100398 19510501 59 558 7.8 230 52.0 24.0 5.60

95100399 19510511 35 548 7.5 230 56.0 21.0 4.00

95100400 19510521 45 460 7.7 200 50.0 17.0 5.10

95100402 19510601 81 498 7.7 200 50.0 19.0 4.80

95100403 19510611 27 633 7.7 250 56.0 26.0 6.10

95100404 19510621 17 643 7.6 250 54.0 28.0 5.90

95100405 19510701 15 651 7.8 240 48.0 30.0 5.60

95100406 19510711 7.2 624 7.8 240 48.0 28.0 6.40

95100407 19510721 14 703 7.8 250 57.0 27.0 7.50

95100408 19510801 33 713 7.7 300 82.0 23.0 11.0

95100409 19510811 38 690 7.8 290 72.0 26.0 8.80

95100410 19510821 50 635 7.7 280 77.0 22.0 8.80

95100411 19510901 100 619 7.8 240 60.0 22.0 7.20

95100412 19510911 34 629 7.9 260 64.0 24.0 5.80

95100413 19510921 34 597 7.9 240 61.0 22.0 4.80

95200449 19511001 51 572 7.9 230 60.0 20.0 6.20

95200450 19511011 38 586 8.0 240 60.0 23.0 4.30

95200451 19511101 88 514 7.8 230 56.0 21.0 3.80

95200452 19511111 55 542 7.8 230 54.0 23.0 2.20

95200453 19511121 69 457 7.9 200 50.0 19.0 2.00

95200454 19511201 100 493 7.9 220 52.0 22.0 2.20

95200455 19511211 19 524 7.5 240 58.0 24.0 3.40

95200456 19520101 168 546 8.0 240 58.0 24.0 4.40

95200457 19520111 40 546 — 230 55.0 23.0 3.60

95200458 19520127 207 472 — 180 46.0 17.0 4.00

95200459 19520201 119 480 7.8 200 48.0 19.0 3.60

95200460 19520219 107 487 7.9 210 48.0 21.0 3.00
Tables 35

Table 11. Physical properties and results of chemical analyses for water from the gaging station at Escalante River at mouth (09339500, site 64), Kane 

County, Utah, 1951-53—Continued

Sodium, 

dissolved

(mg/L as Na)

Chloride, 

dissolved

(mg/L as Cl)

Fluoride, 

dissolved

(mg/L as F)

Silica, dissolved

(mg/L as SiO2)

Sulfate, 

dissolved

(mg/L as SO4)

Solids, residue at 

180 oC, dissolved 

(mg/L)

Solids, sum of 

constituents, 

dissolved

(mg/L)

Boron, dissolved 

(μg/L as B)

23.0 26.0 0.3 22.0 72.0 301 301 —

24.0 28.0 .3 21.0 75.0 308 306 —

25.0 28.0 .1 20.0 80.0 330 314 —

27.0 31.0 .2 18.0 88.0 339 331 —

28.0 33.0 .2 17.0 95.0 349 345 —

28.0 33.0 .2 16.0 91.0 344 337 —

30.0 35.0 .2 14.0 97.0 356 345 —

28.0 28.0 .2 18.0 89.0 344 337 —

21.0 21.0 .3 18.0 59.0 284 283 —

27.0 29.0 .3 18.0 77.0 308 310 —

35.0 41.0 .3 19.0 117 398 388 —

36.0 44.0 .4 16.0 124 401 395 —

37.0 46.0 .4 15.0 132 410 393 —

36.0 45.0 .4 19.0 126 394 385 —

43.0 42.0 .4 21.0 136 453 430 —

34.0 22.0 .3 16.0 174 495 471 —

35.0 36.0 .3 19.0 150 470 446 —

27.0 22.0 .3 14.0 146 431 415 —

33.0 22.0 .3 14.0 136 410 387 —

32.0 34.0 .2 20.0 130 411 403 —

31.0 32.0 .2 17.0 123 385 379 —

30.0 29.0 .2 15.0 115 370 362 —

29.0 33.0 .2 16.0 117 377 371 90

23.0 26.0 .2 15.0 92.0 326 322 —

26.0 31.0 .1 18.0 98.0 344 339 140

21.0 25.0 .3 16.0 80.0 288 290 —

24.0 26.0 .4 18.0 82.0 308 315 —

24.0 30.0 .2 20.0 87.0 336 339 160

29.0 26.0 .2 19.0 94.0 351 358 —

28.0 29.0 — 22.0 90.0 370 344 —

29.0 22.0 .3 17.0 78.0 309 295 —

26.0 22.0 .3 18.0 76.0 316 300 50

24.0 24.0 .3 19.0 81.0 324 305 —
36 Seepage Investigation and Selected Hydrologic Data, Garfield and Kane Counties, Utah, 1909-2002

Table 11. Physical properties and results of chemical analyses for water from the gaging station at Escalante River at mouth (09339500, site 64), Kane 

County, Utah, 1951-53—Continued

Record 

number Date

Discharge,

daily mean

(ft3

/s)

Specific 

conductance 

(μS/cm)

pH, water, whole 

(standard units)

Hardness, 

total 

(mg/L as 

CaCO3)

Calcium, 

dissolved

(mg/L as Ca)

Magnesium, 

dissolved

(mg/L as Mg)

Potassium, 

dissolved 

(mg/L as K)

95200461 19520301 162 474 7.9 190 45.0 18.0 4.50

95200462 19520311 132 476 8.0 200 46.0 20.0 3.50

95200463 19520321 98 486 7.6 200 48.0 20.0 3.80

95200464 19520401 207 481 7.8 190 45.0 19.0 3.80

95200465 19520411 98 486 7.9 200 46.0 20.0 3.60

95200466 19520421 132 418 7.9 170 40.0 18.0 4.00

95200467 19520501 110 412 7.7 180 44.0 17.0 4.20

95200468 19520511 179 332 7.8 150 41.0 12.0 3.00

95200469 19520521 83 429 7.8 180 44.0 17.0 3.30

95200470 19520604 505 367 7.9 150 38.0 13.0 5.00

95200471 19520611 81 493 7.9 200 49.0 20.0 4.00

95200472 19520621 26 617 7.9 250 56.0 26.0 4.90

95200473 19520701 31 635 7.8 250 56.0 26.0 5.80

95200475 19520714 32 694 7.8 280 68.0 26.0 6.60

95200476 19520721 25 705 7.6 290 72.0 27.0 5.80

95200477 19520801 72 751 7.6 300 76.0 26.0 6.50

95200478 19520811 30 772 7.6 320 88.0 25.0 6.50

95200479 19520821 107 810 7.5 370 98.0 30.0 7.80

95200481 19520904 45 753 7.9 320 82.0 27.0 5.90

95200482 19520912 49 663 8.1 280 75.0 22.0 5.70

95200483 19520923 379 564 8.0 260 63.0 24.0 4.80

95300298 19521011 49 622 8.1 260 68.0 21.0 —

95300300 19521021 71 549 7.6 240 59.0 22.0 5.20

95300302 19521114 74 593 7.4 260 75.0 17.0 —

95300303 19521220 122 474 7.3 200 52.0 16.0 —

95300304 19530107 95 474 7.3 190 49.0 16.0 —

95300305 19530219 88 442 7.4 180 49.0 15.0 —

95300308 19530411 48 547 7.7 220 64.0 13.0 —

95300311 19530511 49 574 8.0 220 55.0 21.0 —

95300314 19530611 40 591 7.8 230 52.0 23.0 —

95300316 19530701 26 594 7.9 220 50.0 24.0 —

95300317 19530720 50 787 — — — — —

95300318 19530801 662 778 — — — — —

95300319 19530821 27 1160 — — — — —

95300321 19530911 53 881 8.0 420 117 30.0 —
Tables 37

Table 11. Physical properties and results of chemical analyses for water from the gaging station at Escalante River at mouth (09339500, site 64), Kane 

County, Utah, 1951-53—Continued

Sodium, 

dissolved 

(mg/L as Na)

Chloride, 

dissolved

(mg/L as Cl)

Fluoride, 

dissolved

(mg/L as F)

Silica, dissolved

(mg/L as SiO2)

Sulfate, 

dissolved

(mg/L as SO4)

Solids, residue at 

180 oC, dissolved 

(mg/L)

Solids, sum of 

constituents, 

dissolved

(mg/L)

Boron, dissolved

(μg/L as B)

30.0 21.0 0.3 16.0 76.0 309 296 —

26.0 24.0 .3 19.0 76.0 318 298 50

27.0 27.0 .1 16.0 82.0 310 307 —

30.0 22.0 .1 16.0 76.0 304 302 —

27.0 26.0 .2 18.0 74.0 313 303 70

21.0 19.0 .2 17.0 60.0 268 259 —

17.0 18.0 .3 22.0 52.0 263 257 —

12.0 13.0 .3 17.0 38.0 208 207 60

21.0 24.0 .3 21.0 65.0 273 273 —

20.0 14.0 .4 20.0 42.0 236 228 —

26.0 30.0 .4 21.0 75.0 310 308 —

33.0 42.0 .2 18.0 117 396 384 —

36.0 42.0 .3 18.0 132 412 400 —

36.0 40.0 .3 25.0 142 446 443 150

38.0 39.0 .3 22.0 138 464 448 —

45.0 35.0 .4 19.0 162 500 484 —

41.0 35.0 .4 17.0 173 511 499 20

35.0 24.0 .4 18.0 193 560 536 —

37.0 40.0 .2 19.0 160 492 481 —

29.0 34.0 .2 16.0 128 426 413 70

26.0 26.0 .2 16.0 114 362 365 —

29.0 35.0 — 21.0 121 404 — 110

24.0 24.0 .3 15.0 101 344 340 —

24.0 26.0 — 14.0 101 370 — —

22.0 — — 28.0 — 302 — —

21.0 22.0 — 28.0 74.0 285 — —

20.0 — — — — 267 — —

26.0 32.0 — 18.0 83.0 335 — —

30.0 34.0 — 16.0 91.0 354 — —

33.0 39.0 — 17.0 110 366 —

33.0 40.0 — 18.0 114 372 — 120

— — — — — 532 — —

— — — — — 540 — —

— — — — — 900 — —

35.0 31.0 — 20.0 255 641 — —
38 Seepage Investigation and Selected Hydrologic Data, Garfield and Kane Counties, Utah, 1909-2002

Table 12. Physical properties and results of chemical analyses for water from selected surface-water sites and springs in the Escalante River drainage 

basin, Garfield and Kane Counties, Utah, 1981-2002

[Site number: See plate 1 for location of site where chemical analyses data have been collected; Site description or local name: See numbering system used for 

hydrologic-data sites in Utah, see table 1 for complete description of site; Record number: A unique number that identifies one water-quality sample in the U.S. 

Geological Survey database; Date: In month, day, year format; ft3/s, cubic feet per second; μS/cm, microsiemens per centimeter at 25o Celsius, oC, degrees 

Celsius; mg/L, milligrams per liter; μg/L, micrograms per liter; BLM, Bureau of Land Management; —, no data; <, less than; E, estimated; mi, mile]

Site 

number

Site description or local name Record 

number Date

Discharge,

instantaneous

(ft3/s)

Specific 

conductance,

lab

(μS/cm)

pH,

water, 

whole,

field

(standard 

units)

pH, water, 

whole, lab

(standard 

units)

Specific 

conductance

(μS/cm)

Temperature, 

water

(

oC)

Hardness,

total

(mg/L as 

CaCO3)

Calcium,

dissolved

(mg/L as 

Ca)

SURFACE-WATER SITES

2 Birch Creek 10.5 mi above 

confluence with North Creek 

 98102979 04-20-81 1.4 332 8.5 8.2 — 10.0 160 36.0

 98102980 08-25-81 1.1 327 8.7 8.7 280 18.0 160 29.0

 98202219 05-05-82 2.6 221 7.9 8.4 205 13.5 100 24.0

4 Upper Valley Creek near Liston Flat 98102958 04-21-81 0.73 1,340 8.5 8.2 1,400 9.5 360 63.0

 98102959 08-25-81 .36 1,090 8.6 8.4 1,140 27.5 280 34.0

 98202199 03-03-82 1.6 1,260 8.5 8.7 980 9.5 390 62.0

6 Birch Creek 0.8 mi above confluence 

with North Creek

 98102969 04-20-81 2.6 459 8.6 8.3 465 20.5 240 47.0

 98102970 08-25-81 1.8 426 8.5 8.3 435 24.5 220 39.0

 98202213 05-05-82 5.6 391 8.1 8.4 375 18.0 190 41.0

8 Escalante River below confluence of 

North and Birch Creek 

 98102972 04-21-81 21.3 669 8.4 8.3 680 6.5 250 50.0

 98102973 08-25-81 14 447 8.4 8.4 470 19.5 190 40.0

11 Escalante River above Mamie Creek 98202216 10-21-81 18.7 829 8.4 8.1 1,730 5.5 300 64.0

16 Calf Creek above BLM campground 99400306 06-01-94 5.25 652 8.2 8.2 660 21.5 280 64.0

19 Escalante River below Calf Creek 00200645 08-21-02 — — 8.3 — 450 19.5 190 47.8

20 Escalante River above Boulder Creek 98202211 10-21-81 43.9 721 8.5 8.2 680 12.5 280 64.0

25 Boulder Creek at mouth 98202212 10-21-81 41.2 266 8.6 8.1 280 10.0 130 35.0

35 Alvey Wash above Coal Bed Canyon 98202203 11-15-81 .1 1,220 8.2 7.9 1,230 3.5 690 139

 98202204 03-03-82 .12 1,220 8.4 8.6 1,070 14.0 620 125

39 Escalante River above Fence Canyon 98202183 10-22-81 78.9 512 8.5 8.2 510 13.5 220 53.0

42 Left Hand Collett Canyon 98202156 03-03-82 .27 3,300 8.1 8.2 3,490 11.0 2,300 300

50 Scorpion Gulch near mouth 00100638 05-22-01 — 306 — 8.0 299 13.5 160 39.0

61 Stevens Canyon near mouth 00100640 05-24-01 — 401 — 7.8 401 15.5 170 35.6

SPRINGS

S1 (C-34-1)24ccc-S1 98202222 11-13-81 — 560 7.3 7.6 580 8.0 320 69.0

S2 (C-35-1)12ada-S1 98202217 11-13-81 — 535 7.3 8.1 540 8.0 310 62.0

S3 (C-35-1)24dbc-S1 98202208 11-13-81 .02 459 7.5 8.0 485 8.0 270 50.0

S4 (C-36-1) 1dad-S1 98202201 10-21-81 .04 565 7.4 7.8 590 8.5 300 60.0

S5 (D-35-1)33dda-S1 98102966 09-23-81 — 658 6.9 7.5 590 9.0 220 26.0

S6 (D-35-2)16acd-S1 98202214 10-16-81 .11 769 7.3 8.0 820 10.5 320 60.0

S9 (D-35-5) 1abd-S1 99400305 06-01-94 .14 640 8.0 7.7 650 14.5 250 38.0

S11 (D-35-6)31bcc-S1 00100637 05-18-01 — 147 — 8.1 146 15.0 65 13.6

S13 (D-37-1)10acd-S1 98202177 10-25-81 .02 934 7.2 7.6 1,010 8.5 550 128

S14 (D-37-3) 6aaa-S1 98202186 10-19-81 <.01 1,470 8.1 8.1 1,540 11.5 880 140

S15 (D-36-2)13aad-S1 98202197 10-20-81 <.01 606 7.4 7.8 670 7.0 350 82.0

S16 (D-37-2)36cbc-S1 98202162 10-19-81 <.01 3,670 7.0 8.0 4,070 12.5 2,100 330

S17 (D-38-3)17bda-S1 98202155 11-14-81 <.01 630 8.0 8.3 680 8.5 360 69.0

S18 (D-38-3)14cbc-S1 98202154 10-19-81 <.01 1,680 7.8 8.1 1,620 12.5 790 120

S19 (D-38-3)11aad-S1 98202158 11-14-81 <.01 974 8.1 8.3 980 11.0 480 48.0

S21 (D-38-8) 8ada-S1 00101634 05-22-01 — 145 — 7.7 142 16.5 67 15.5

S23 (D-38-8) 4dbc-S1 00100639 05-22-01 — 524 — 7.8 508 13.5 260 53.9

S24 (D-39-8)13bab-S1 00100641 05-24-01 — 163 — 8.2 168 20.5 79 17.1

1Filtered lab alkalinity.
Tables 39

Table 12. Physical properties and results of chemical analyses for water from selected surface-water and spring sites in the Escalante River drainage basin, 

Garfield and Kane Counties, Utah, 1981-2002—Continued

Date

Magnesium, 

dissolved

(mg/L 

as Mg)

Potassium,

dissolved

(mg/L

as K)

Sodium, 

dissolved

(mg/L as Na)

Alkalinity,

unfiltered, 

lab

(mg/L as 

CaCO3)

Alkalinity,

unfiltered, 

field

(mg/L as 

CaCO3)

Chloride,

dissolved

(mg/L as Cl)

Fluoride,

dissolved

(mg/L as F)

Silica,

dissolved

(mg/L as 

SiO2)

Sulfate,

dissolved

(mg/L as 

SO4)

Solids, 

residue at 

180o C,

dissolved

(mg/L)

Solids,

sum of 

constituents,

dissolved

(mg/L)

Boron, 

dissolved

(μg/L as B)

SURFACE-WATER SITES

04-20-81 18.0 1.70 6.6 170 — 3.7 .2 18.0 2.7 200 189 30

08-25-81 21.0 1.90 6.4 160 — 3.7 .2 18.0 <1.0 186 — 30

05-05-82 10.0 1.40 4.7 110 120 2.5 .1 18.0 6.0 136 133 20

04-21-81 48.0 3.70 190 380 — 23.0 0.4 11.0 280 867 847 170

08-25-81 47.0 2.90 160 400 — 27.0 .3 14.0 170 636 696 190

03-03-82 57.0 3.30 160 320 — 13.0 .6 9.0 290 823 787 150

04-20-81 29.0 2.00 11.0 160 — 3.8 .3 13.0 31.0 272 233 50

08-25-81 30.0 1.90 11.0 180 — 18.0 .2 15.0 28.0 238 251 50

05-05-82 22.0 1.90 6.9 190 260 3.0 .4 13.0 5.0 217 208 60

04-21-81 31.0 2.10 50.0 260 — 8.1 .3 14.0 95.0 439 407 70

08-25-81 21.0 2.20 25.0 170 — 4.2 .2 17.0 49.0 259 261 50

10-21-81 34.0 3.10 59.0 220 — 48.0 .3 20.0 120 — 484 —

06-01-94 28.0 2.90 28.0 140 — 52.0 — 18.0 130 — 407 —

08-21-02 17.3 3.72 24.2 1115 — 34.9 — 13.4 75.7 — 287 —

10-21-81 28.0 3.20 42.0 170 — 45.0 .3 20.0 130 — 436 —

10-21-81 11.0 1.90 6.1 120 — 4.4 .1 26.0 15.0 — 172 —

11-15-81 84.0 4.60 14.0 240 — 10.0 .3 11.0 430 830 838 170

03-03-82 74.0 4.30 12.0 93 — 12.0 .5 8.8 370 797 663 130

10-22-81 20.0 2.80 24.0 150 — 22.0 .2 21.0 84.0 — 318 —

03-03-82 370 13.0 120 110 — 70.0 .5 8.2 2,200 — 3,150 350

05-22-01 15.2 1.22 3.0 — — 2.1 .1E 10.4 2.8 — 170 —

05-24-01 20.7 3.32 16.0 — — 6.6 .2E <.5 11.5 — 211 —

SPRINGS

11-13-81 36.0 1.80 5.3 310 — 3.5 .3 15.0 <5.0 — 338 40

11-13-81 37.0 1.30 3.0 290 — 2.2 .2 9.0 <5.0 — 285 30

11-13-81 35.0 3.00 2.2 260 — 1.8 .3 6.6 <5.0 — 260 50

10-21-81 36.0 1.10 7.4 270 — 13.0 .3 8.7 11.0 — 300 30

09-23-81 37.0 1.50 23.0 240 — 4.9 .2 9.2 12.0 — 259 40

10-16-81 42.0 2.80 57.0 300 — 9.4 .5 12.0 110 — 474 120

06-01-94 38.0 9.30 31.0 163 — 23.0 — 9.9 140 — 390 —

05-18-01 7.64 1.14 2.4 63 — 3.5 <.2 9.2 4.6 — 107 —

10-25-81 56.0 2.00 18.0 350 — 6.9 .2 18.0 170 — 610 60

10-19-81 130 3.10 17.0 420 — 26.0 .3 11.0 440 — 1,020 40

10-20-81 36.0 1.90 6.9 240 — 10.0 .2 9.7 98.0 — 390 10

10-19-81 320 12.0 280 410 — 31.0 .1 9.2 2,300 — 3,530 630

11-14-81 45.0 1.60 8.2 240 — 12.0 .3 8.9 100 — 389 20

10-19-81 120 2.10 51.0 270 — 120 .5 12.0 480 — 1,080 100

11-14-81 88.0 2.20 .1 340 — 52.0 .4 12.0 120 — 566 50

05-22-01 6.81 .98 1.8 68 — 1.6 <.2 10.0 2.6 — 80 —

05-22-01 30.1 2.66 12.1 281 — 4.1 .1E 10.6 11.5 — 294 —

05-24-01 8.91 .39 1.9 80 — 1.4 .1E 10.5 2.9 — 91 —