§ 5501 TITLE 22—FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE Page 1196

1See References in Text note below.

(1) for the same purposes for which assistance may be provided under part I of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2151 and

following; relating to economic assistance),

and

(2) for the support of any institution providing education for a significant number of

United States nationals (who may include

members of the United States Armed Forces

or the Foreign Service or dependents of such

members).

(c) Currencies which may be used

The foreign currencies which may be used

under this section are United States-owned excess foreign currencies that are in excess of

amounts necessary for satisfaction of preexisting commitments to use such currencies for

other purposes specified by law.

(d) Where currencies may be used

Foreign currencies may be used under this section in the country where such currencies are

held or in other foreign countries.

(e) Nonapplicability of other provisions of law

Foreign currencies may be used under this section notwithstanding section 1306 of title 31 or

any other provision of law.

(f) Requirement for appropriations action

The authority of this section may be exercised

only to such extent or in such amount as may be

provided in advance in an appropriation Act.

(Pub. L. 101–179, title VIII, §805, Nov. 28, 1989, 103

Stat. 1323.)

REFERENCES IN TEXT

The Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, referred to in subsec. (b)(1), is Pub. L. 87–195, Sept. 4, 1961, 75 Stat. 424, as

amended. Part I of the Act is classified generally to

subchapter I (§2151 et seq.) of chapter 32 of this title.

For provisions deeming references to subchapter I to

include parts IV (§2346 et seq.), VI (§2348 et seq.), and

VIII (§2349aa et seq.) of subchapter II of chapter 32, see

section 202(b) of Pub. L. 92–228, set out as a note under

section 2346 of this title, and sections 2348c and 2349aa–5

of this title. For complete classification of this Act to

the Code, see Short Title note set out under section

2151 of this title and Tables.

CHAPTER 64—UNITED STATES RESPONSE

TO TERRORISM AFFECTING AMERICANS

ABROAD

Sec.

5501. International negotiations concerning aviation security.

(a) United States policy.

(b) Negotiations for aviation security.

5502. Coordinator for Counterterrorism.

5503. Department of State notification of families

of victims.

(a) Department of State policy.

(b) Department of State guidelines.

5504. Designation of State Department-family liaison and toll-free family communications

system.

(a) Designation of State Departmentfamily liaison.

(b) Toll-free communications system.

5505. Disaster training for State Department personnel.

(a) Additional training.

(b) Training improvements.

5506. Department of State responsibilities and procedures at international disaster site.

Sec.

(a) Dispatch of senior State Department

official to site.

(b) Criteria for Department of State

staffing at disaster site.

(c) State Department ombudsman.

(d) Crisis teams.

5507. Recovery and disposition of remains and personal effects.

5508. Assessment of Lockerbie experience.

(a) Assessment.

(b) Guidelines.

5509. Official Department of State recognition.

5510. United States Government compensation for

victims of terrorism.

(a) Compensation.

(b) Board.

(c) Income tax benefit for victims of

Lockerbie terrorism.

5511. Overseas Security Electronic Bulletin Board.

5512. Antiterrorism measures.

(a) Guidelines for international aviation

travelers.

(b) Development of international standards.

(c) Publication of rewards for terrorismrelated information.

(d) Sense of Congress.

5513. Proposal for consideration by International

Civil Aviation Organization.

§ 5501. International negotiations concerning

aviation security

(a) United States policy

It is the policy of the United States—

(1) to seek bilateral agreements to achieve

United States aviation security objectives

with foreign governments;

(2) to continue to press vigorously for security improvements through the Foreign Airport Security Act 1 and the foreign airport assessment program; and

(3) to continue to work through the International Civil Aviation Organization to improve aviation security internationally.

(b) Negotiations for aviation security

(1) The Department of State, in consultation

with the Department of Transportation, shall be

responsible for negotiating requisite aviation security agreements with foreign governments

concerning the implementation of United States

rules and regulations which affect the foreign

operations of United States air carriers, foreign

air carriers, and foreign international airports.

The Secretary of State is directed to enter, expeditiously, into negotiations for bilateral and

multilateral agreements—

(A) for enhanced aviation security objectives;

(B) to implement the Foreign Airport Security Act 1 and the foreign airport assessment

program to the fullest extent practicable; and

(C) to achieve improved availability of passenger manifest information.

(2) A principal objective of bilateral and

multilateral negotiations with foreign governments and the International Civil Aviation Organization shall be improved availability of passenger manifest information.

(Pub. L. 101–604, title II, §201, Nov. 16, 1990, 104

Stat. 3081.)
Page 1197 TITLE 22—FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE § 5505

REFERENCES IN TEXT

No act with the title Foreign Airport Security Act,

referred to in subsecs. (a)(2) and (b)(1)(B), has been enacted. The Foreign Airport Security Act probably

means part B (§§551–559) of title V of Pub. L. 99–83, Aug.

8, 1985, 99 Stat. 222. For complete classification of part

B to the Code, see Tables.

CONGRESSIONAL FINDINGS

Section 2 of Pub. L. 101–604 provided that: ‘‘Congress

finds that—

‘‘(1) the safety and security of passengers of United

States air carriers against terrorist threats should be

given the highest priority by the United States Government;

‘‘(2) the report of the President’s Commission on

Aviation Security and Terrorism, dated May 15, 1990,

found that current aviation security systems are inadequate to provide such protection;

‘‘(3) the United States Government should immediately take steps to ensure fuller compliance with

existing laws and regulations relating to aviation security;

‘‘(4) the United States Government should work

through the International Civil Aviation Organization and directly with foreign governments to enhance aviation security of foreign carriers and at foreign airports;

‘‘(5) the United States Government should ensure

that enhanced security measures are fully implemented by both United States and foreign air carriers;

‘‘(6) all nations belonging to the Summit Seven

should promptly amend the Bonn Declaration to extend sanctions for all terrorist acts, including attacks against airports and air carrier ticket offices;

‘‘(7) the United States Government, in bilateral negotiations with foreign governments, should emphasize upgrading international aviation security objectives;

‘‘(8) the United States Government should have in

place a mechanism by which the Government notifies

the public, on a case-by-case basis and through the

application of a uniform national standard, of certain

credible threats to civil aviation security;

‘‘(9) the United States Government has a special obligation to United States victims of acts of terrorism

directed against this Nation and should provide

prompt assistance to the families of such victims and

assure that fair and prompt compensation is provided

to such victims and their families;

‘‘(10) the United States should work with other nations to treat as outlaws state sponsors of terrorism,

isolating such sponsors politically, economically, and

militarily;

‘‘(11) the United States must develop a clear understanding that state-sponsored terrorism threatens

United States values and interests, and that active

measures are needed to counter more effectively the

terrorist threat; and

‘‘(12) the United States must have the national will

to take every feasible action to prevent, counter, and

respond to terrorist activities.’’

§ 5502. Coordinator for Counterterrorism

The Coordinator for Counterterrorism shall be

responsible for the coordination of international

aviation security for the Department of State.

(Pub. L. 101–604, title II, §202, Nov. 16, 1990, 104

Stat. 3082.)

AUTHORITY OF SECRETARY OF STATE

Except as otherwise provided, Secretary of State to

have and exercise any authority vested by law in any

official or office of Department of State and references

to such officials or offices deemed to refer to Secretary

of State or Department of State, as appropriate, but for

not less than one year after Apr. 30, 1994, an Office of

the Coordinator for Counterterrorism, headed by a Coordinator for Counterterrorism, to be in Department of

State and to have same responsibilities and function as

such Office had as of Jan. 20, 1993, see section 2651a of

this title and section 161(d), (e) of Pub. L. 103–236, set

out as notes under section 2651a of this title.

§ 5503. Department of State notification of families of victims

(a) Department of State policy

It is the policy of the Department of State

pursuant to section 2715 of this title to directly

and promptly notify the families of victims of

aviation disasters abroad concerning citizens of

the United States directly affected by such a

disaster, including timely written notice. The

Secretary of State shall ensure that such notification by the Department of State is carried out

notwithstanding notification by any other person.

(b) Department of State guidelines

Not later than 60 days after November 16, 1990,

the Secretary of State shall issue such regulations, guidelines, and circulars as are necessary

to ensure that the policy under subsection (a) of

this section is fully implemented.

(Pub. L. 101–604, title II, §204, Nov. 16, 1990, 104

Stat. 3083.)

§ 5504. Designation of State Department-family liaison and toll-free family communications

system

(a) Designation of State Department-family liaison

Not later than 60 days after November 16, 1990,

the Secretary of State shall issue such rules and

guidelines as are necessary to provide that in

the event of an aviation disaster directly involving United States citizens abroad, if possible,

the Department of State will assign a specific

individual, and an alternate, as the Department

of State liaison for the family of each such citizen.

(b) Toll-free communications system

In the establishment of the Department of

State toll-free communications system to facilitate inquiries concerning the affect of any disaster abroad on United States citizens residing or

traveling abroad, the Secretary of State shall

ensure that a toll-free telephone number is reserved for the exclusive use of the families of

citizens who have been determined to be directly

involved in any such disaster.

(Pub. L. 101–604, title II, §205, Nov. 16, 1990, 104

Stat. 3083.)

§ 5505. Disaster training for State Department

personnel

(a) Additional training

The Secretary of State shall institute a supplemental program of training in disaster management for all consular officers.

(b) Training improvements

(1) In expanding the training program under

subsection (a) of this section, the Secretary of

State shall consult with death and bereavement