NASA 

Technical 

Memorandum 

NASA TM -82580 

(NASA-TM-82sdO) 

SPkCE SBOTTLC (ST 

iic hou/nP a01 

ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT FOR SPACE SHUTTLE 

(STS-11) LAUNCH 

By D. L. Johnson, C. K. Hill, and G. W. Batts 

Systems Dynamics Laboratory 

May 1984 

InOSPLiERlC EBVIBOYflEYT FOB N84-25194 

-11) LAUNC& (NASA) 51 P 

CSCL 136 

MSFC - Form 3190 (Rev. May 1983) 

Nat~onzl Aeronaut~cs and 

Space Admin~strat~on 

George C. Marshall Space Flight Center 
TECHNICAL REPORT STANDARD TITLE PAGE 

(1. REPORT NO. 12. GOVRNMW ACCESSION NO. 13. RECIPIENTeS CATALOG NO. 

I 

7. AUTMOR(S) 1 8. PERFGRMING ORGANIZATION REPOR r # 

NASA TM- 82580 I 

2. TITLE AN0 SUBTITLE 

Atmospheric Environment for Space Shuttle (STS- 11) Launch 

5. REPORT DATE 

May 1984 

,. pERFo,MING ,GANlzAT,oN , 

.D. L. Johnson, C. K. Hill, and G. W. Batts* 

9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS 

National Aeronautics and Space Administration 

Washington, D. C . 20546 

10. WORK UNIT NO. 

George C. Marshall Space Flight Center 

Marshall Space Flight Center, Alabama 35812 

12. SPOhSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS 

Technical Memorandum 

1.1. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE I 

4 

1 1. CONTRACT OR GRANT NO. 

13. TYPE OF REPOR; & PERIOD COVERED 

I 

15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES 

Prepared by Systems Dynamics Laboratory, Science and Engineering 

*Computer Sciences Corporation, Huntsville, Alabama 

16. ABSTRACT 

This report presents a summary of selected atmospheric conditions observed near 

Space Shuttle STS-11 launch time on February 3, 1984, at Kennedy Space Center, 

Florida. Values of ambient pressure, temperature, moisture, ground winds, visual 

observations (cloud) , and winds aloft are included. The sequence of prelaunch 

Jinlsphere measured vertical wind profiles is given in this report. Also presented are I 

wind and thermodynamic parameters representative of surface and aloft conditions in ; the SRB descentlimpact ocean srea. Final meteorological tapes, which consist of wind 

and thermodynamic parameters versus altitude, for STS-11 vehicle ascent and SRB 

descentlimpact have been constructed. The STS-11 ascent meteorological data tape 

has been constructed by Marshall Space Flight Center in response to Shuttle task i I

agreement No. 561-81- 22- 368 with Johnson Space Center. i 

i 

18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT 

STS- 11 Launch Atmospheric Summary 

Pressure 

Temperature 

Relative Humidity 

Winds, Winds Aloft, Clouds 

SRB Descent Atmospheric Summary 

- 

Ur~classified - Unlimited 

Unclassified I Unclassified I 5 1 I NTIS I ~BPC - Form 3191 (Llry 1969) 

P~~ ds by ~~u~d ~~~hni~d ~tonnat~on Service. Springfield. Vlr3nl. 221b1 

I 

22. PRICE 19. SECURITY CLASSIF. (d thtm rapat) I 20. SECURITY CLASSIF. (of thlm pmg*) 21. NO. OF PAGES 
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 

The authors wish to thank the personnel at NASA Kennedy Space Center, along 

with those at the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station and their Pan American World 

Airways cor~tractors, for the acquisition and distribution of all launch related atmospheric data received at MSFC . Thanks are due to James Arnold and David Keller of tbte Atmospheric Effects 

Branch, MSFC, for their help in extracting atmospheric data and satellite cloud 

photographs that are used in this report. Also, special thanks to Bill Jeffries, Bobby 

Vayda, and Joe Willett of Computer Sciences Corporation for their assistance in processing all the upper air data used in producing the STS-11 final meteorological data 

tapes. Finally, appreciation is expressed to Rhonda Gregory and Sherry Anderson of 

Boeing Computer Support Services for the GRA model and ESDB computer support, 

respectively. 
TABLE OF CONTENTS 

Page 

INTRODUCTION ........................................................ 11. SOURCES OF DATA ............... ............... ...................... 1 

111. GENERAL SYNOPTIC SITUATION AT LAUNCH TIME .................... 1 

IV. SURFACE OBSERVATIONS AT LAUNCH TIME ........................... 2 

V. UPPER AIR MEASUREMENTS DURING LAUNCH .......................... 2 

A. Wind Speed ........................................................ 3 

B. Wind Direction. ... .. . . . . ... ... . .. . .. . .. . .. .. .. .... . .. . ... .... . .. . .. 3 

C . Prelaunch /Launch Wind Profiles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 

D . Thermodynamic Data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 

E. SRB Upper Air and Surface Measurements .... .... .. .. .. . . . .. .. .. .. 4 

VI. ATMOSPHERIC SUMMARY CONDITIONS FOR STS LAUNCHES.. . . . . . . . . . . 4 

REFERENCES..................... ............................................ 45 

iii 
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 

Figure Title 

1. Surface synoptic chart 1 hr before launch of STS-11 ................ 

2. 500 mb map 1 hr prior to launch of STS-I! .......................... 

3. GOES-5 infrared imagery of cloud cover at launch of STS-11 

(1300 UT, February 3, 1984). 500-mb contours and wind barbs 

are also included for 1200 UT ....................................... 

4. Enlarged view of GOES-5 visible imagery of cloud cover at 

launch of STS-11 (1300 UT, February 3, 1984). Surface 

parameters and wind barbs for :300 UT sre also included. ........... 

5. Scalar wind speed wid direction at launch time of STS-11. ........... 

6. STS-11 prelaunchllaunch Jimsphere-measured wind speeds (FPS). .... 

7. STS- 11 prelaunch /launch Jimsphere-measured wind directions 

(degrees) ........................................................... 

8. STS- 11 prelaunch /launch Jimsphere-measured in-plane component 

winds (FPS) . Flight azimuth - 89 degrees .......................... 

9. ST S- 11 prelaunch /launch Jimsphere-measured out-of-plane 

component winds (FPS). Flight azimuth - 89 degrees ................ 

10. STS-11 temperature profiles versus altitude for launch (left) 

and SRB descent (right) ............................................ 

11, STS-11 scalar wind speed and direction for SRB descent ............. 

Page 

34 

35 
Table 

1. 

LIST OF TABLES 

Title 

Systems Used to Measure Upper Air Wind Data for STS-11 

Ascent ............................................................. 

Surface Observations at STS-11 Launch Time ....................... 

STS-11 Pre-Launch Through Launch KSC Pad 39A 

Meteorological Measurements ........................................ 

STS-11 Final Ascent Meteorological Data Tape Listing ............... 

STS-11 Final SRB Descent Meteorological Data Tape.. ............... 

STS-11 SRB Descent-Impact Surface Ship Observations ............. 

Selected Atmospheric Observations for the Flight Tests of the 

Space Shuttle Vehicles. ............................................. 

Page 
TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM 

ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT FOR SPACE SHUTTLE (STS-11) LAUNCH 

I. INTRODUCTION 

This report presents an evaluation of the atmospheric environmental data taken 

during the launch of the Space ShuttleISTS-11 vehicle. This Space Shuttle vehicle 

was launched from Pad 39A at Kennedy Space Center (KSC), Florida, on a bearing of 

89 deg east of north at 1300 UT (0800 EST) on FeSruary 3, 1984. 

This report presents a summary of the atmospheric environment at launch time 

(L+O) of the STS-11, together with the sequence of prelaunch Jimsphere measured 

winds aloft profiles from L-14 hr through liftoff. The general weather situation for 

the launch and flight area is described, and surface and upper level windlthermodynamic observations near launch time are given. Surface and upper level wind1 

thermodynamic parameter estimates are also presented for the SR': descentlimpact 

analyses. I 

Previous MSFC-related launch vehicle atmospheric environmental conditions have 

been published as Appendix A of individual MSFC Saturn Flight Evaluation Working 

Group reports [ 11. Office memorandums have been issued for previous flights giving 

launch pad wind information. A report has also been published [2] which summarizes 

most launch atmospheric conditions observed for the past 155 MSFC IABMA-related 

vehicle launches through SA-208 (Skylab 4). Reports summarizing ASTP and STS-1 

through STS-9 launch conditions are presented in References 3 through 12, respec- i 

tively . 

11. SOURCES OF DATA 

Atmospheric observational data used in this report were taken from sy2optic 

maps made by the National Weather Service, plus all available surface observations 

and measurements from around the launch area': Upper air observations were taken 

from balloon-released instruments sent aloft from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station 

(CCAFS). High-altitude winds and thermodynamic data were measured by the SuperLoki rocketsondes launched from the CCAFS. Table 1 presents a listing of systems 

used to obtain the upper level wind profiles used in compiling the final ascent 

meteorological data tape. The L-0 rawinsonde and Super-Loki rocket data were used 

in the upper level atmospheric regions for the construction of the final SRB impact1 

descent meteorological data tape. Data cutoff altitudes are also given in Table 1. 

111. GBNERAL SYNOPTIC SITUATION AT LAUNCH TIME 

A cold front, extending out of a low pressure area over eastern Lake Superior 

and passing through central Tennessee, eastern Louisiana and into the Gulf of Mexico, 

was situated west of KSC prior to STS-11 launch. The influence of high pressure 
over eastern Florida was starting to weaken as this front approached. Moderate 

temperatures and light surface wind conditions prevailed as launchtime grew closer. 

Figure 1 presents the surface map conditions 1 hr before STS-11 launch. Figure 2 

presents the winds aloft conditions at the 500 mb pressure level 1 hr before launch. 

Moderate westerly winds prevailed aloft over KSC at this pressure level. 

From 1735 UT on February 2, 1984, through launch, an area of instability that 

produced rainshowers extended just off and parallel to the eastern coast line of 

Florida over the Atlantic Ocean. Between 0049 and 0422 UT on February 3, 1984, 

rainshower activity occurred at KSC and was reported at Shuttle runway site X68. 

This left most inland KSC areas slightly cooler and with greater atmospheric moisture 

than most coastal sites. This was evidenced throughout the later countdown period 

from observations taken at KSC1s AF Wind Tower system sites. 

At launch time, the ground fog was starting to clear as visibility improved to 

4 miles. The fog was relatively shallow as rooftop visibility was 10 miles. At launch 

time cloudiness amounting to 3/10 of the total sky cover was mainly located to the 

east and south of Pad 39A as shown in Figure 3. Figure 3 presents the GOES-5 

infrared southeast U.S. cloud picture taken at launch time (1300 UT). The scattered 

cloud conditions at L-0 consisted of 2/10 cumulus at 2500 ft , 1/10 stratocumulus at 

4500 ft, and <I110 cirrus at 25,000 ft. Figure 4 shows an up-close visible shot of :he 

central Florida peninsula as recorded by GOES-5, taken at 1300 UT. 

IV. SURFACE OBSERVATIONS AT LAUNCH TIME 

Surface observations at launch time for selected KSC locations are given in 

Table 2. Included are pad 39A, shuttle runway, and CCAFS balloon release station 

observations. Neither precipitation nor lightning was observed at launch time. 

Table 3 presents PAD 39A wind data along with other standard hourly meteorological measurements and sky observations for the 6-hr period prior to launch of 

STS-11. Values for wind speed and direction are given for the 18 m (60 ft) pad 

light pole level. Wind values from the 295 ft level off AF Wind Tower No. 313 were 

substituted for the Pad 275 ft FSS level winds, due to the FSS wind instrumentation 

not operating. 

V. UPPER AIR MEASUREMENTS DURING LAUNCH 

The FPS-16 Jimsphere (1320 UT), MSS Rawinsonde (1305 UT), Super-Loki 

Rocketsonde (1500 UT) , and Super-Loki Robin (1734 UT) systems were used to 

measl-re the upper level wind and thermodynamic parameters for STS-11 launch. At 

altitudes above the rocket-measured data, the Global Reference Atmosphere (GRA) 

[13] parameters for February KSC conditions were used. A tabul~tion of the STS-11 

final meteorological data for ascent is presented in Table 4 which lists the wind and 

thermodynamic parameters versus altitude. A brief summary of parameters is given 

in the following paragraphs. 
A. Wind Speed 

At launch time, wind speeds were calm (0 ftlsec) at 60 ft and increased to a 

maximum of 143 Rlsec (85 kn) blowing from 288 deg. This maximum occurred at an 

altitude of 38,200 ft (11,643 m). The winds decreased above this level as shown in 

Figure 5. The overall maximum measured speed was 280 ft Isec ( 166 kn) at 234,000 ft 

(71,323 m) altitude. 

B . Wind Direction 

At launch time, the 60-ft wind direction was calm. Light low level winds were 

from the southeast and shifted through the south to a westerly component above 

12,000 ft (3658 m). Winds remained in the winten westerly regime throughout most of 

the upper troposphere, the stratosphere and lower mesosphere to 250,000 ft (76,200 

m). Figure 5 shows the complete wind direction versus altitude profile. As shown in 

Figure 5, wind direction became quite variable at altitudes with low wind speeds. 

C . Prelaunch /Launch Wind Profiles 

Prela~~nch/launch wind profi1c;s presented in Figures 6 through 9 were measured 

by the Jimsphere FPS-16 system. Data are shown for the L-13 hr, L-7.25 hr, L-3.5, 

and L+O measurement periods. 

The wind speed and direction profiles for the 13-hr period prior to and including L+O are shown in Figures 6 and 7. The in-plane and out-of-plane profiles are 

given on Figures 8 and 9. Significant differences between the February mean values 

and the measured values in the 30,000 to 50,000 ft layer were found on!y in the 

L-3.5 hr data set. This is seen on Figure 9 at approximately 36,000 ft altitude where 

the peak left crosswind profile value increased froin 25 ft per second at L-7.25 hr to 

85 ft per second at L-3.5 hr due to a shift to a more northerly wind direction. However, at L-0 the left crosswind had decreased to approximately 45 ft per second. 

Although the value of 85 ft per second nearly equaled the February 95 percent value, 

there were no calculated vehicle load exceedances produced by the wind rlata presented in Figures 6 through 9. The prelaunch weather conditions are discussed in 

more detail in Section 111. 

D . Thermodynamic Data 

The thermodyriamic data taken at STS-11 launch time, consisting of atmospheric 

temperature, dew-point temperature, pressure, and density have been compiled as the 

STS-11 ascent meteorological data and are presented in Table 4. The associated 

thermodynamic data taken in support of the SRB descent have also been assembled as 

the STS-11 SRB descentlimpact meteorological data and are presented in Table 5. 

-'he vertical structure of temperature for the STS-11 ascent and for the SRB descent 

is shown graphically versus altitude in Figure 10. 

The atmospheric thermodynamic parametera of temperature, pressure, and 

density, measured during STS-li iaunch below 130,000 ft (39,624 m) were all within 

5 percent of their respective PRA-63 [ 141 annual values. All these parameters stayed 

within 18 percznt of their respective PRA-63 values, at all levels of measurement. 
E. SRB Upper Air and Surface Measurements 

As has been mentioned in earlier paragraphs, an SRB descent meteorological 

data tape has also been constructed which consists of data taken from the OmegasondeRawinsonde system (1355 UT) aboard the USNS Redstone, which was stationed off the 

coast in the Atlantic Ocean. The CCAFS measured Super-Loki rocketsonde data and 

the GRA model data were used at altittde levels above the measured Omegasonde data. 

The tabular values for the SRB descent meteorological tape are presented in Table 5, 

with wind speed and direction profiles presented in Figure 11. Figure 10 gives the 

vertical temperature profile. 

The surface-ship meteorological and oceanographic observations taken close to 

STS-11 SRB impact are presented in Table 6. 

VI. ATMOSPHERIC SUMMARY CONDITIONS FOR STS LAUNCHES 

Given in Table 7 are selected atmospheric L+O launch conditions for all the 

Space Shuttle launches. 
TABLE 1. SYSTEMS USED TO MEASURE UPPER AIR WIND DATA FOR STS

*The Omegasonde-Rawinsonde was released fro111 the USNS Redstone to measure th

for SRB descent /impact analyses. 

Type of Data 

FPS- 16 ~imsphere 

h1SS Rawinsonde 

Super-Loki Rocketsonde 

(Datasonde) 

Super-Loki Rocketsonde 

( Robin ) 

Omegasonde-Rawinsonde* 

Portion of Da

Date: February 3, 

1984 

Release Time Start 

- - 

Time 

(UT) 

(hr : min) 

13: 20 

13: 05 

15: 00 

17: 34 

13: 55 

Altitude 

rn 

(ft) 

6 

(21) 

17,678 

! 58,000) 

61,265 

( 201,000) 

80,772 

( 265,000) 

Time 

After 

Li-0 

(min) 

20 

5 

120 

274 

55 

A

(

Time 

After 

L+O 

(min) 

20 

2 3 

120 

274 

9 

(28) 

55 1 
-C .- 

TABLE 2. SURFACE OBSERVATIONS AT STS-11 LAUNCH TIME 

*Pad 39A Camera Site 3 barometric pressure and humidity instruments appeared to be reading too high. Therefore

runway station pressure value interpolated to 10.173 N/cmZ at 21 ft above MSL was used as the L+O pad atmospher

measurement. Temperature, dewpoint and relative humidity values selected as being representative of L+O pad (c

were 62OF. 54OF. and 75 percent, respectively. Inland conditions around KSC were considered too cool and moist. 

*Cihree-tenths total sky cover at both X68 and CCAFS. 

a. Altitudes of meorurements are above nat~ral grade, except where noted. 

b. Approximately 1 min averhgt prior to L+O. 

c. Balloon release site. 

d. Pad 39A thermodynamic measulvments are ;?ken at camera site No. 3, appro:rimately 6.4 m (21 ft) above MSL. 

e. Official STS- 11 sky observationai site. 

N /A - Not Available. 

hatione 

NASA Space Shuttle 

Runway X68e 

Winds Measured at 

10.4 m (34 ft) 

CCAFSc 

Surface Measurements 

Pad 39~~ Lightpole 

SE 18.3 n: (60.0 ft) 

Pad 39A FSS 

(Top-SE) 83.8 m (275 ft) 

Relative 

Humidity 

( %) 

90 

95 

97* 

- 

Time 

After 

L+O 

( min ) 

- 5 

0 

0 

0 

Visibility 

km 

(miles) 

Pressure (ICISL) 

N lcm 

(psia) 

10.180 

( 14.765) 

10.180 

(14.765) 

10.173* 

(14.755)* 

- 

Temperature 

OK 

(OF) 

287.0 

(57.0) 

284.6 

' (53.0) 

287.6* 

(58.0) 

- 

Sky Cover 

Dew 

Point 

OK 

(OF) 

285.4 

(54.0) 

284.3 

(52.0) 

287.0* 

(57.0) 

- 

He

of B

MeCloud** 

I (?) 

I I 

Cloud 

11 

(7) 

- 

- 

Cumulus 

(2

~trato- 

Cumulus 1 (4

Cirrus I 

(25

Amount 

0 

2 

1 

- 

- 

StratoCumulus 

Cirrus 

- 

- 

Typo i (f

(2

( 25

- 

- 
TABLZ 3. STS-11 PRE-LAUNCH THROUGH LAUNCH KSC PAD 39A METEOROLOGICA

a. Hourly observations obtained verbally from CCAFS. 

ifourly Atmospheric Measure~nents 

Sky Condit

b. Sky observations taken at the Shuttle runway site X68. 

c. Note: Relative humidity measurements very erratic and off scale throughout the countdown period. T

through 1200 UT are toc high. 

275' Level SO' Level 

Dew 

3February 1984 Temp. Point RH~ 

Time UT (OF) (%) WS Kt WDO WS Kt WDO Clouds 

d. Pad 39A 275 ft FSS wind instrumentation was taken down prior to L-6 hr, due to a range safety proble

in these columns are 5-min wind averages obtained from the 295 ft level of the AF Tower No. 313; loca

west of Pad 39A. 

Total 

Sky 

Cove

3/16 

3/10 

0110 

0110 

0700 

0800 

0900 

1000 

1100 

1200 

L+O~ 1300 

, 

e. iO min mean about the hour from pnd 39A instrumentation. 

f. L+O PAD Wind and thermodynamic parameters obtained from HOSC strip charts. L+O thermodynamic par

adjusted slightly here to approximate the correct liftoff ntmospheric conditions. SE Anemometers used 

wind condition (approximately 1 min average prior to L+O). Pad 39A L+O atmospheric pressure, at 21 ft 

Sea level pressure was 10.180 N /cm 

6 1 

5 6 

58 

59 

6 0 

59 

62 

Rooftop visibility = 10 miles. 

58 

56 ' 

56 

5 8 

59 

5 7 

54 

2/10 

3/10 

9 1 

93 

93 

95 

96 

93 

7 5 

12 102 

12 116 

8 125 

5 135 

3 120 

0 0 

- - 

7 120 

8 100 

8 130 

4 120 

2 100 

0 0 

0 0 

Scattered at 5,500 ft 

Scattered at 4,500 ft 

Clear Skys 

Clear Skys 

Scattered at 9,000 ft 

Scattered a? 2,500 ft 

Scattered at 4.500 ft 

Scattered at 25,000 ft 

2/10 CU at 2,500 ft 

1/10 SC at 4,500 ft 

U110 CJ at 25,000 ft 
ORIWAL PAGE IS 

OF POOR WALIW 

L 

a -OLTUDGC~DD DO nocnoorco ooo~mccnn oconn oaaonooaononnono C~nc rrcr:nnnono?ncrnoa~or: nanona~nmooono ooonoao~.r,onn~r:n C- c.-~u .~OYIJ~~L-~-NCI~U~JC~ wC-r~rntu7af-wa G-hn=.nahm.6o-t~r~smorma rrc oor)o~oi)~oor-~-.-r-r~ -e~~r,~~~#*~~'rn~?rinmnmnnmoro.+rrrmt;r CI. ~~~o~o~~noc?acooooo n.oooonanoonoo.a oooaoo noooanaooono 2- CO~OOCO~CIOOO~C!DOC~~ nnononr,ooar.aca unoooo nonocnoaooop 4 
ORIGINAL PAGE Is 

OF POOR QUALITY 

n (u NI a PO 4" d -I m -- Ill 1 II 1 Ijl 

**at 

OW 00 .*.* 

C td' -arm 

OOCO 

.d d 4.- 

.... 

nnm ndm nnm 0000 *** *3777: ~NY) D-SCC'C 

P,OQI~NC JNe'ano olo a.o o m mlr CIC C-!C 

I -, 

~mmnnn UP OJOOO e- .I* 

SOP. OC am Y)<C ar-t dm wI tYlOl tl) 

L.. -0 Q -0 CU r.0 .. ax I 

n min 000 

. *I* P *In * (Y D 

m nlN Q o!E 

.... I 

nnnn 

0000 

0,. 

nnmm 

snely N N.r m-raa 

I 0-3 

N N'N 

0 Ole 

JCb ow0 mi4 r*,- - -- - -- 

mi- 3 no c 0.0 

~0no~o 

113-noL-0 

3rr JICW 01 

C'h h C C h 

D10C3 00 0 0'0 o o n o 

 no 00 000 

O'OO 00 nno 0.- wm~ c8 nc ~o~mmm oma~ OCloOrJoOO 

O~OOOOCIO 
b0sZ- SO* I 

S'SZ- 10*9 

1 -52- sa* 1 

O'SZ- so* L 

. . mob-2- ... SO*Z 

9'bZ- fO*L 

S'CZ- - - - s o*g 

Sob2- so*@ 

2' bZ- SO* b 

o"bi- so*o 

O'bt- - f o* h 

O"bZ- S0*6 

0- bL- SO* b 

O0bZ- S0*6 

O'SZ- .-- TO* b 

I'CZ- so*o 

- -. r0cz-.- . - .- . -- SO*S 

1-CZ- fO*O 

LbC r!?09* --.----- 1.9-- . - . . . . .. - .. . - .----- 

)9L fO*Z88S' 0' 9- 98L 000 

,9L0 20*5U6S0 8.5- h0Z LC0 

ILL* fO*BZ6S' L*S- Y 02 OEC 

ILL-*. 50*156S* S'S- 5U4 250 

IL L ' 50*hL6S" f' S- SOL 6bO 

suz i rc 

920 

ZlrZ-.. - 

SBZ 9CO 

lbir 850 

LLZ sco 

hl Z 1i0 . 

9LZ OE 0 

0s C -q9z 

592 LZO 

ISC- . - -.a tU!lP' - . 0.1- 

:El' SO*ZOS9* L'I- 

! *LZEY* -.-- . _. 5' I-. 

~se- SO~ZSSY* he rre- -- CO*LL59._ - f *._I:. ._ - 

;re SO*ZU~~* I* tLZO 

9zc 

st0 

OZC 

- OLO 

120 

9 I C 

610 

1IC 

020 

. -_6!~ 

610 

OZC 

ozo 

czo 

ZZG 

- -r-

c'ZC 

1 zci 

120 

OZC 

9'6- SO* 1 

Sob- SO*O 

4.8- fO*O 

So@- S(l*L 

2-0- -*-T.L-' -----A- -- Tar9 

5O.L 
ORIGINAL PAGE 191 

OF POOR QUALITY 
ORIGINAL PAGE Is 

OF POOR QUALITV 

nnn mr~r r,r e r 1IIlI;III 11 

nmmlnmn 

010 OlOO 0 *I* 

-0 NImQ rr 

*f * air O 

. ..I.. . 

a' ' I 3.- 4-n 9-1 5~ q -r 9 *' U...... .. . mi90 49- cc h.mm,m at0 -I-- - m-- miam -a 

WIU I'l I I I I 8 ;I I 1 I 1 

all2 ' L- ' I 

P.G ~41~9~ .ln mi- . . .'. . . . . . . r cq m1.7 m *? a 9 910 fur* NIN N N NIY fU N 

I I I:# I t I 11.1 

! i 

U+U.CC ggnncQO0)0(0rnQQQP 

hNIYNCUWCYh NCY 

! 

I i 

i mltu>L--comrnnn 

&la9 9 l.-\?r-lI-~ **Iojonoono ooooc 

1 I 

I 

1 i 1 

I 

! 

I i 1 

w ! i i o miuo or J OD 1- OD LY "'no oo o rrw o oo nam ooo T) oouc ~b~~~ubr~~~.~nooo~oooooaooo c-~-NI .-~ny-.:, 60-rumta ar-cpu *&mtu,~cc -c OO~ roo~oiao-rr rr-rn ..----~JNNN~,IYN~~N 

CLLNIU* ~.P'IYNIYCI~NNNNYUC N NhlhlN~~ruN~CV~iur* 

a- n~.~o~~ooc~~~aoa~~oocaoooo nopooo a 

I 

! 

~otono on'ooo 

00-rum 

hinm*.)~ 

NN'NNIY 

oo~ono 

vmmwm m NNN NN N 

OGO 000 
ORIGIP%L PAC:& 23 

OF POOR QUALITY 

W 

o O.O=J an0 00~; 000 oooooo no0 ooo do0 ooo nnooono~ooc~oc ~~aonclo no 1 oononnooo oon ooo~n~cao omr? a~oonooonoonno~ooaooooooo~a ~-~.~~m~~~~cen~-r~~nt~~~cme~rhrnt~~~cp.eorr~~om

--~1.~~1m~r,mrnrnm.na~aaoaaaaa~h~ch~ hhr~mmmnmtom.mwmoaen mabon.e 

r~ii~h.&&hrhr~~h#~E&&N~6~<&h, Nrun NN~~&&~~&NNNN&NNFJN~+N~N N.uruN&~ 2- nnoonoaooooa oooooaooooon ~.~OOOOO~OODO~OC:DOOOO 0-0 ooo 

6RlGINAL PAGE 

q~ POOR QUALIW I I 0 1 
ORIGINAL PAGE Is 

OF POOR QUALlTV 

.' . *I* 

010 

010 

010 

I'l 

I 

******* 

NNN'NN'N N . . . .' . . It 

1 I: I 

I I I 

I I 

Clt Clr. N'N YrU 

I I 

nnnn 

?f?7 b s i,m 0OC 9 *by: r, r, NNNN .; a. 

UOO U GO 

OO0.nao 

uula1CU)o 

000.000 

00 

no 

'Po 
ORIGINAL PAGE t!3 

mnlN Nhr NNNW NN~NYNMNNN YNNN 

.e.. 

4.111 I 04 0. m Q ma o.'Q.rr N 

u,V) . 39m4 (D*h 

QC "000 olo 0" 

m~~~~d~C~~~~CC~~&~o~4W&VO..~,Y(~CC+I~~CIC+C I C+k(Uo2 CqWQW-E WQCe5C'CCCr-C h.lroco,=c noo glnm oono,,or> oan qo = n 00 400mrno~oocoo 

i 

I' I I 

I ! I 9" 

i i I I 

I I i 

I I I ! I I 
nin 

00 *I* 

I i 

9w ",if * r? mu elow n or hr~n 9JD09*IE99'9999Q9~9 

hCu h(NNbh I*h'C\.;hh h CrI* Nih 

1 I I , 

I 

i 

i , I 

i 

i I i O 0 n 0 '310 "a P *O!C no o o ojo o o o o 00 0 oo 0 00n00000'~ ao.maoooooaooa wooooo =-wnrLarmeol-wnrm4Coe3-N.nrma- r+~m~ry#uw~(~~n!mnmn wnrlnmrr r.r rrrr mrnaow mlcnm.mmuim~rn~nmvl~n rn1n1.7mmrn mutmmurrn 

eC000~)000000t0C)0000:0LJ~000,00000 

! I 

01 00 0 olr)r? o n'- C* m OOOC 

,n "3- YI 

ran~~~ononn~acoo~on srnacmoo~1~1nr~9wc~m Oo0l00 o-r.rrd--44 dd mm m,mm a man m:mu, m mu, m'!n 00 OICOC)OO DIDO 0 00 'Dl0 
6666- ZO* .,iSf' O'SS- ZL?*fOIL. - .- .- -- - . - - . . -. 

- fO*SOSS' ZO ZRZZ' S' CS6666- Z0+699f' ZO*OOiZ' 0' CS- 

-- -6466- ZO*O~~C* 20 6 61 bZ' L'CS- 

*66&6- - - - - . - -. .- . - . . - . . Z0*S1ob:-. - . LO* 9& SZ' O'CCJ6666- LO* bOLb ZO*LSQZ* O'fE- 

'6666- ZO*bObC' 2 0 %?l%r'---- .- . -3 lg .-c CS- - . - - . - - . 

*6666- ZO*Of9b' ZO*~lbZ* 

-6666- ZO*OLOb' ZO*bSOS* Lo bS- 

*466b- ZO*ICIS* ZG*LUZL* b' SS- 

- '6666? - . ZO*C6SS' Z1*S9CCm boss- 

'-bbd- r0+069s0- dO*iLsf' tot$- 

109 ' ZO* 

199' 

-2G 

ZO* 

'9' LO* 

IZL ' .- .. -LO* 

ZO* 

,oe ' LO* 

:so* 

ZO* 

20 

!qr:_ _ ib6' ZO 

I1 

:koI' 

!A!&C.--- 

Ob. 

iL Zb' 

.lJ 

IObbW 

i C' f $&-.--- ' 

!"F' .. . . 

IZ LS' 

.-- 9' as- ,S; - . - . . . - - - - 

b* 0s.- 

I' 6SS'"L1.65- 

9'8s- 

- . c-ct 9 - 

b. 

O'ZQ29- 

so* h ibz -. _ -- _ -- 16- CO*c 

600 ..jc.& 

Z ZL LOU 

2f i 930 

L Li 900 

I ZL son 

L 1L 900 

SO0 UC!:. 

i ZE roc 

05G *3L 

ISC a30 

fSC 010 

290 110 

- $14 Z!C 

o au ~IO 

SLC SIC 

'4 9C 910 

6Si LtO 

LfC 0 I0 

1 @C =I= .- -- - 

192 OIL 

Sf Z ;I0 

OZL 510 

b1z .. 910 

b S Z 110 

b* 69- *'ap=- -- - . SL: - 290 

-- iti 590 

' .. . - -.-Z0_*4C9P0 6.69- CLZ L 90 

I~I* LO+IL~O- 'r* 69- 19~ ZLC 

lb1 ' -- - 3 erI~_lo-. .- . r . 69- Y 9Z .~ 91 c 

1b1- Z0*09 LO' S* 69- L9L 100 

ISI ZO+~OOO= to 69- .. .- - %94 _ - .. sac 

'St* ZO*6bQO' 3. 69- b1Z 190 

!sr* . . .. ZIl*bbO~* - - f 69- 592 6LC 

!Sto Z0*6S60° C' 69- 292 61 C 

:st* - .._ -._fO*Y!p?* -. -. - . c; 69- 194 LO 

1~1' ZO+Oc'06' b' 69- S9Z Sf 0 

iSl' ZO*9~04' be 69- -- 2% hL 0 -. 

EF 

-- ZO+Mb0 s9z f LO 

ISI' - .~ 20*69!6' . . S'69- L 92 ZLU 

51' 20*9126* So 69- 692 110 

IS1 ZO*f 926' . ~ 9.69- ILL 1LG 

El' ZO*OCC6* 9' 69- CllL CLO 

191- ZO*LSf 6. 1'69- bL 2 - - - - -. . - 91 0 

'P-r'------- ~~*SOb6* T*aP---- ' -- 

'(13 8 tStJV@IllI~! - - (3 930) (93U) tXS/l3l 

130 Itiris s 3u.j 31nlwu3du31 HOII~~II~ OYI~ a3:ds ot~lr 
ORIGINAL PAGE f8 

OF POOR QUALITY 

NNN NNW OOOOOP *+ *&* m LII owm mew aow nwn nr -ad 

...... I= ! 

PIP a o on oin b o ale 

tmIe~1ms0 

....... 

r,-l.*.a C 9 r~r rn nnn 8 11 I II I I 

1 

NLQar?mai7ro -0 -lar*rd rucd~m~rdnw opoo 000 porno=' 
ki' 

ORIGINAL PAGE 18 

OF POOR QUALITY 

a,.. L L -0- r. L L LI 

0'00 0 om 0:ooo ea.. ....... rnt~ a - mm *In& N o.mn m n mr~am * arm ~V~IO(F,O~C. NIN N N WIN LI.L r - m... .,a .... 

I 

0'0 010 0 0 .I* . n,n r~c N o mn m.m o 8 

nln - NIN - - atn r n *I* *:*. 

I I 

w I ! I o u~ooano CI 000or>o oor, 9 00t~0nn0~000nn0~00n C-ne;oOo~o~coo aobo 00 r-1~~06 0amn.r met as0 drd 

~~.nnmr rrrlr rrr rr'mmm ~-r,rr~ar--aaarr~r-r 

I 

OOOIO nomlo 

OOC 0 

n om19 ~amm~m 

-. a-'" I 
ORIGINAL PAGE 19 

OF POOR QUALITY 

i I I ! :OOO:OOO OOO,O oc o 00.00 an ooio OOVIOOO OOO.OOO ma r,.oaaa moo 000000000~C?0O0O00000~0!0 

mar.meo rr~ n.oa scc a.o-~n=ma r-r,ar.~ hlru N~~NNNCV NIC'~ mmm mn NNW:NNNNN N'NNNNNN'NNNNNN'CV 

6 0;ooo 3 O'C DO c -no3 00 M --.a ma 

ORIOINAL 

OF POOR 

PAGE I8 

QUALITY 

0 ODD 0'00 OO00!0O 000 D 00D O'DO moo 0:oo~aon G 000 0'03 000 0100 009 ~~m-rc~on~m~wa- rco ~~mmm.trrrmmv,~, a.nc nmmom:mnmnmn~mn nmn 

I I 

i I 

I 

. I * 

* 

I 

n 

0 

I 

0 

NO 

D 

. 

n 

. * *e *e 

l 

I 

I)) 

0 

I 

0 o* 

C 

. 

0 

I I ii d? 

Nla 

:I; 1 

I 

I 

I 

I 

i 

I 

i (D I* 9 19 

tJihr 

, 

I 

i 

I 

I 

I 

l 

10 rd F4 

D \O 

i 

i 

I 

00 

0 .o Pi0 

ew 

a nl 

"I" 

i 

I 
ORIGINAL 

Of POOR 

PAGE i$ 

QlJALfTY 

, I 

4 I 

\ 

nnnnnn 

000000 

. *I* . ~~mmno 

Nm90Cn 

n - ao cls 

tttr)n'- 

. . ". .I. 

n I .r( 

OIC 

i n n m n nsm 3 0 0 3 a!.> .**+** 

.I C III 0 '-!..I 

mu.m-=o 

cm r 3 V) 01V 

h: NN N NIN ....... 

I C* c- m r- - ts z r- 3'Jq.T-Jf 9 re-- I""" 
ORlGJNAL PAGE 13 

OF POOR QUALITY 

.......... I I 000 e0'0.0000 000 00'00090 000 00'00000 

PPPiPPlff ttf 

; I 

I 

I I 

I I 

! 

I' 

i 

Nru r4r1 

33;13 

. *f* -0 -a om- * 4 ?. 0'N *? 0 *-)OC,4tN 

~annnnn 

........ 

" ! I ! , !I 

9 aroooo cloo o=oa{oscos r~Brscsrccu COCPC ooi30 ceC1m-C 0C3C..- COO.0 cIGlD3 ,- - o~-onraa~cclacrc;Go co~o~coecc~ qoc c L. L D-. *J m J .? a,- me z .-, warn t m o r m o =I 4 Y,* t,n 9 r ~~~~YI~YU.~~V,~LIJI~Q~.+~Q~~QC~QCFC~P~:CCC 

a - 31~ c 3 .= 3 oin o z o c. ole o zo,s 3;s a ; 1,3 qo a,u 

., I 

I i ! I I j I 
! !IN: i I 

: i ! I I U' I i c norerc acoc.oe =clccccc, :lccoc,cL;,oLcuopicm~a;clcso~.03i~o~~~~~~ a P= n r? 0 rrr o n.r, c c F, cc m =,n r r, ? c olo DC r o~,a r = ha 012 c ~?o 5 0 c 3C c'S O!Q -- ~~:ccrC i)i;CcCc~!~c -r.relac~cc~tj~C~~t.!O~mt'~o~~~ CCOCIO nreealc. cr t- jr '1, ,> 91- 2.- cv ..- 3 G 4 L mm(*. 3 -t cv t!n s.r- a\'@ 0.- w m t J, 31 r-:J e 0 a CYI.~ o F- m~e -(. C;=OCC ~0t~~r -C'OMO--L.-~L.~C.,N~,N.~\~ rJp:er~r,nnr.c.*?r'mnmor.* o st a O o a, H- 4 rr ar:r, -. L 4- -. r~. -- C--. -+c( me,- c(+ CI+C/CIM -an 41-- C~C -~.(aa ~-~d- - 

* 1 I ! I I I i I I 

i 

I 

I. 1, I I' !, I. I 
ORIGINAL PAGE 18 

OF POOR QUALITY 
ORMlNAL PAGE 1% 

OF POOR QldALlTY I Ill f 

! I.'. 

0 0 

00 

00 

0 0 

I; I 

I 

I 

j 

Ill I I 

a 0-19 %$as 

m mn~n 

I -1 I I 1 I ! I 

b40!000CO010OO 000'0QrrI,n ..~r.r-cr,mrrcrr~'r.rr wczoi~3~Oom;~3~ aaaao~~~;/Oo~00013msaamoil a* *I* . + *I+ + .,* + I I 6 I,I I I I,I 111 I I I I I ~m~t~m~~n~~~rwt~n~\neoooo,ao~o~ojooo~saao 

b4-0'~ WOO r(n~rrmomo:mom~r~' twn ou~a,m~r,ar+ tn a ~omc~~mrmn~~--.~~a~wr~~~~~~~~m~t~.o

+w ir ~r.'-ndr ~-~crn~.cr..~ rne~ q. em c r r.9 .~;m r mm J t 1 at a -4 *.....................*............ 

a.2 I 

I ! I I j I 

a w u n a' P W, *I CIN It & It 4. ~~INNNNN 
T-4BLE 5. (Continued) 

-. . --

2 09 

--z6zac? -- -- . 733 . D -. .P~coLO~-_- 217

26 JOJO 206 232 -71.7 09 4 00-02 .1

Z6*090 - to%-.- - - 231 . - . . -. . -.7.2 r S . _ -8900-02 . . - *1

26sn1)o tno t ~n -75.2 .ISOO-02 .1

. - 266050 . - 18-7. - - ZiP. . - ~. . - .- .-?J*5 ..-...- -8 136-LZ . .. 

261330 175 '1 29 -73.9 07788-02 1

.?be300 

162 . - - - - . - - -. - - . - -. . . . - - - -- -- 237 ---- -------I! 4.- --.-- -0 '!!55-02 42

ZbYdflO 1 SU 7 215 -14 .c, .71 35-02 1
.. .I ........ @'010 0 0 016 0.0 00019000~000 

0,0 'I" 010 0 0 0!0 019 

7.T Pit Plt t;tD;,t 

ORlCVNAL PAGE if3 

OF POOR QUALITY 

I: 

i), L 

0 r I ILL ! I 
Clouds 

TABLE 6. STS-11 SRB DESCENT-IMPACT SURFACE SHIP OBSERVAT

Site : U . S .N . Ship Redstone 

Location : 29C Latitude 

78O Longitude 

Date : February 3, 1984 

Time: 1306 UT 

Surface Observation : 

Air Temp OF Wet-Bulb OF Dew Point OF Pressure (MSL) mb Wind Direction 

Sky Observation : 

Total Sky Total Visibilit

Cover Opaque Sky (miles

1/10 Cumulus at 2000 ft. 6/10 6/10 

4/10 Stratocumulus at 4000 ft . 1/18 Altocirrus at 10000 ft. 

Sea Observation : 

Sea Condition : Wind Waves: Swell Conditions : 

Freq. Ht. Fi. from Which 

Sea Moderate - Code 4 - Sec . m. - Swell is coming 

1/10 Breaking Waves 4 2 40° 

1/10 Foam 

Surface Sea Water Temp. = 22. Z0C ( 72OF) 
TABLE 7. SELECTED ATMOSPHERIC OBSERVATIONS FOR THE FLIGHT TESTS 

SPACE SHUTTLE VEHICLES 

a. Pad 39A thermodynamic measurements taken at approximately 1.2 (4 ft) above natural made at camera site No

b. 1 min average prior to L+O of 60 ft PLP (Listed first) and 275 ft FSS winds measured above natural grade. 

c. Pressure measurement appkable to 21 ft above MSL unless otherwise indicated. 

d. Pressure measurement applicable to 14 ft above MSL. 

e. 10 sec average prior to L+O. 

f. Eastern Daylight Time. 

g. 30 sec average prior to L+O. 

Vehicle Data 

lnflight C'onciitions 

Max. Wind 

Below 60.000 ft 

Alt. 

(ft) 

Surface 

Launch 

Pad 

T 

press? 

~lcm2 

10.234~ 

10.166 

10.160 

10.200 

10.227 

10.183 

10.146 

10. lil 

10.153 

19.173 

Observations 

Seq. 

No. 

44,300 98 

I 250 

36.3001 158 11

Speed 

(ftlfiec) 

windb 

Speed 

(ftlsec) 

11.8 

15.2 

27.0 

27.0 

7.0~ 

8.0~ 

5.s 

4.g 

22.? 

35.0 

12.7 

16.4 

5.ge 

10.3~ 

8.8 

14.0 

19.1 

32.0 

0.0 

N A 

Launch 

Date 

Vehicle 

No. 

Dir. 

(deg) 

Dir. 

(deg) 

125 

120 

345 

355 

5oe 

14se 

1~3~ 

l4lg 

90 

90 

63 

55 

loe 

350e 

269 

268 

183 

190 

0 

NA 

Time (EST) 

Nearest 

Minute 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

- 

hemody namica 

Temp. 

(OC) 

21 

23 

24 

29 

22 

23 

25 

24 

24 

17 

45,000 

47.900 

40,600 

46.100 

45.800 

45,100 

47,100 

38.200 

4/12/81 

11/12/81 

3/22/82 

6/27/82 

11/11/82 

414 I83 

6/18/83 

8130183 

11/28/83 

2/3/84 

STS-1 

Columbia 

STS-2 

Columbia 

STS-3 

Columbia 

STS-4 

Columbia 

STS-5 

Coluru bia 

STS-6 

Challenger 

STS-7 

Challenger 

STS-iJ 

Challenger 

STS-9 

(SL-1) 

Columbia 

STS-11 

(41-B) 

Challenger 

Rel. 

Hum. 

(%) 

82 

61 

71 

70 

68 

55 

80 

97 

83 

75 

250 

329 

336 

277 

278 

349 

252 

288 

I19 

37 

146 

155 

76 

30 

117 

143 

0700 I 39A 

1010 

1100 

1 loof 

0719 

1330 

0733~ 

0232~ 

1100 

0800 

39A 

39A 

I 

39A 

39A 

39A 

39A 

39A 

39A 

39A 
OWGINAI. PAGE A 

OF POOR QUALITY 

Surfacr Synoptic RInp :at 1200 UT February 3. 1984 - Isobtrric. 

Frontal . i~nd Precipitntion Pnttcrvs nrc Shown in S tnnd:lrrl 

ST ni bolic Form. 

Figure 1. Surface synaptic chart 1 hr lx4ore ll~unch of STS-11. 
ORIGINAL P4GF ig 

OF PGCR Ot;?.LrV 

500 Millibnr Height 

Contours nt 1200 UT 

Fzbrvnry 3, 1984 

Continuous Lines Indicate Height Contours In 

Feet Above Se:t Level. Dashed Lines are 

Isotherms !n Degrees Centigrade. Arrows Show 

Wind Direction nnd Speed nt the 500 MR Level. 

Figure 2. 500 rnb map 1 hr prior to launch of STS- 11. 
ORiSlNAL P3SZ e'?l 

OF POOR QUkL!W 

ORIGiIVRL F,?.:l;F. s:;9 

OF POOH Qi;kL!TY 

WIND SPEED IFTISECI WIND DIRECTION (DEGI 

Figure 5. Scalar wind speed and direction at launch time of STS-11. 
ORlGiNAL PAGE W 

OF POOR QUALITY 
50000 - 

40000- 

k 

w 

w 

u. 

g 30000- 

c: 

A 

q 

2m - 

10000- 

'0 sb r;b 1;o 

L + 20 MINUTES WD IDEG) 
ORlGlNAL PAGE 'a 

OF POOR QUAL1i.t 

L - 7.25 IN-PLANE WINDS (FPSI 

0545 UT 

2-3-1984 

L + 20 MIN. IN-PLANE WINDS (FPSI 

1320 UT 

2-3-1984 

L - 13 IN-PLANE WINDS (FPSI 

0000 UT 

2-3- 1984 

L - 3.5 IN-PLANE WINDS (FPS) 

0930 UT 

2-3-1984 
OmGlNAL F;lCzc is' 

Of POOR QUALIW 

OUT-OF-PLANE WlNDS (FPSI 

L-725 

0545 UT 

2-3-1984 

OUT-OF-PLANE WINDS (FPSI 

L - 13 

0000 UT 

2-3- 1984 

OUT-OF-PLANE WINDS IFPSI 

L + 20 MINUTES 

1320 UT 

2-3-1984 

OUT-OF-PLANE WINDS (FPSI 0\ • 

L - 3.5 

0930 UT al 

2-3-1984 bl 

2 

d 

Cr 
TEMPERATURE (DEG Cl -3 TEMPERATURE IDEG Cl 

Figure 10. STS-11 temperature profiles versus altitude for launch (left) 

and SRB descent (right). 
Figure 11. STS-11 scalar wind 

WlND SPEED IFTISECI 

speed 

0 40 80 120 100 zoo 240 2.0 320 3e4 

WIND DIRECTION iDEGl 

and direction for SRB descent. 
REFERENCES 

Saturn Flight Evaluation Working Group : Saturn Launch Vehicle Flight Evaluation Report - Appendix A - Atmosphere (A separate report is prepared for 

each Saturn vehicle launch operation). George C . Marshall Space Flight Center, 

Alabama. 

Johnson, D. L.: Summary of Atmospheric Data Observations for 155 Flights of 

I\ISFC IABMA Related Aerospace Vehicles. NASA TM X-64796, December 5, 1973. 

Johnson, D . L. : Atmospheric Environment for ASTP (SA- 21 0 j Launch. NASA 

TM X-64990. February 1976. 

Johnson, D. L., Jasper, G., and Brown, S. C.: Atmospheric Environment for 

Space Shuttle (STS-1) Launch. NASA TM 82436, July 1981. 

Johnson, D. L. and Brown, S. C . : Atmospheric Environment for Space Shuttle 

(STS-2) Launch. NASA TM 82463, December 1981. 

Johnson, D. L., Brown, S. C., and Batts, G. W.: Atmospheric Environment 

for Space Shuttle (STS-3) Launch. NASA TM 82480, April 1982. 

Johnson, D. L., Hill, C. K., and Batts, G. W.: Atmospheric .Environment for 

Space Shuttle (STS-4) Launch. NASA TM 82498, July 1982. 

Joh~ison, D. L. , Hill, C. K. , and Batts, G. W. : Atmospheric Environment for 

Space Shuttle (STS-5) Launch. NASA TM 82515, March 1983. 

Johnson, D. L., Hill, C. K., and Batts, G. W. : Atmospheric Environment for 

Space Shuttle (STS-6) Launch. NASA TM 82529, May 1983. 

Johnson, D. L., Hill, C. K., and Batts, G. W.: Atmospheric Environment for 

Spsce Shuttle (STS-7) Launch. NASA TM 82542, July 1983. 

Johnsan, D. L. , Hill, C. K., Turner, R. E . , and Batts, G. W. : Atmospheric 

Environment for Space Shuttle (STS-8) Launch. NASA TM 82560, October 1983. 

Johnson, D. L., Hill, C. K., and Batts, G. W.: Atmospheric Environment 

for Space Shuttle (STS-9) Launch. NASA TM 82572, January 1984. 

Justus, C. G., et al.: The NASAIMSFC Global Reference Atmosphere Model - 

Mod 3 (with Spherical Harmonic Wind Model). NASA CR-3256, March 1980. 

Smith, 0. E. and Weidner, D. K. : A Reference Atmosphere for Patrick AFB , Florida, Annual ( 1963 Revision). NASA TM X-53139, September 23, 1964.