It is worth mentioning that the station is one of the most modern ground
stations available especially in its electronic equipment and its antenna
equipped with solar mirrors, 37 meters above ground level, The radius of
the disc which resembles a plate, is 32.5 meters and it weighs 80 tons.

It moves automatically in two vertical and horizontal angles aided by com-
puters for tracking and control. It has been decided that the station's
antenna shall be directed toward satellites over the Indian Ocean, This
direction shall secure telephonic, telegraphic, and telex communications,
and reception ‘and transmission of both black and white and color television
programs between the Syrian Arab region and sister Arab regions and the
countries of the outside world.

Uses and Services of the Station

The station consists of 72 telephone lines sufficient for the region's need
for telephonic, telegraphic, and telex communications directly with the Arab
regions and foreign countries. It is worth mentioning here that the station
contains tracking and control equipment which work ‘electronically to direct
all station equipment, including the special antenna, considered one of the
most modern in the world, The station connects with all automatic telephone
exchanges and television studios in Damascus with a capacity of up to 960
telephone lines and is expected to be effective on microwave between the
station and Damascus, the automatic telephone and the television station.

The station's capacity and size will be enlarged in the future according to
the region's increasing needs. This station will serve ‘as the heart serves
man's body, making it a liaison between the world and the region and their
establishments and will serve telephone, television, and news establishments
and others.

The Station's Effects on the Lives of the Citizens

1) It will provide every citizen with a facility to speak directly from
his house with any part of the world, for any period desired at minimum cost.

2) It will be possible for people in business, medicine, economics, the
media, and even politics to hold their conferences and meetings via television
cameras and on the screen.

3) It will be possible for any television set owner, through the manipulation
of a few buttons on the set, to watch page after page of any book on world
history or on any country of the world.

The use of such a station has become a necessity.’ It can carry telephone
calls, telegrams, and news as fast and as easily as possible. Thus the
Syrian Arab citizen will be able to become aware of the dramatic events
taking place in the world as soon as they occur,

15



Now it however does not happen to be true that the DBP--as the guardian

of order in the busy ether--has given "everybody" permission to do anything
he pleases in the frequency range geseribed. Naturally, the operation of
"Low-output voice radio systens"( is connected with very specific techni-
cal and operational requirements which actually are easy to comply with for
"everybody" because one may exclusively use only equipment that was licensed
by the FTZ (Central Communications Engineering Office) of the DBP on the
basis of a technical type test. This equipment is given an FTZ series test
number only if it meets the DBP requirements in terms of its technical char-
acteristics.

In this way, the user's technical activity could be confined only to the
installation of the antenna and the power supply line. Since only allaround
antennas are authorized, the selection remains rather small. With regard
to fixed antennas it is of course necessary to comply with lightning pro-
tection regulations and in the case of auto antennas, the TUeV EFRG Auto-
mobile Inspection/ has its say for the sake of security (for example, dan-
ger of injury during accidents).

Operational rules prescribe that radio operations may be conducted only
between mobile stations or between fixed and mobile stations. Fixed stations
must not communicate with each other; connection between these stations and
other telecommunications media, radio telephone or regular wire telephone,

is likewise not permitted. Because industrial plants also legally operate
on a high-frequency basis within the same frequency band, protecion of

CB radio operations will not provide a guarantee against such interference.

Who Broadcasts and tihy?

Now it so happens that the West German citizen's communications needs
obviously conflict with the possibilities which the CB radio can offer to
begin with on'12 channels with 0.5 w broadcasting power under existing
operational requirements. Since CB radio was licensed in West Germany and
until the end of 1977, an estimated one million sets was sold to the con-
sumers. The lion’s share is taken here, compared to the fixed stations,
by the mobile stations, that is:to say, sets that are built into motor ve-
hicles and manual voice radios (in CB slang referred to as "manual vheezcrs"
or "nenyal cucumbers"). This is quite understandable because fixed sta-
tions\3) must be registered and are subject to licensing and thy paynent
of fees (currently Di 15.00 per month), while mobile stations(!!) are sub-
ject only to a "general pernit" from the DBP uhose wording, to be sure,

by way of enphasis, must always be carried with the equipment.

There is no denying that the majority of CB-ers engages in this voice radio
operation as a hobby. It has also been rroved that most of them have a

very pronounced fecling of belonging together which.is expressed not only

in their clubby behavior but also in real mutual, mostly selfless assistance.

36



The RNE Chain which is the most important in volume and power of in-
stallations, scope of broadcasts and number of personnel. Economic~
ally it depends directly on the state through the Ministry of Culture.

Radio Peninsular which is the commercial chain of. RNE with broadcast-
ing stations in Madrid, Barcelona, Valencia, Sevilla, Cuenca, La Li-
nea de la Concepcion and Huelva, They depend economically on the
Ministry of Culture. :

The RCE.which is formed by the old chains of the Movement--the CAR
[Blue Broadcasting Chain] and the REM [Network of Broadcasting Sta-
tions of the Movement]--which together functioned as REM-CAR until
taking the name RCE, They also depended on the state through the de-
funct Secretariat General of the Movement and now the Ministry of
Culture.

The Chain of Union Broadcasting Stations which was the network of
union broadcasting stations that now depends on the State Communica-
tions Media. It was financed by the union organization and now by
the state through the Ministry of Culture.

Private Radio

The Chain of the SER [Spanish Broadcasting Association] which is the
most important. It includes some 50 stations but only eight--Madrid,
Barcelona, Valencia, Granada, Sevilla, La Coruna, Bilbao and Vallado-
lid--belong to this corporation. The rest of the stations are man-
aged by concessions of the SER. This is one of the chains that will
be most affected by the distribution of frequencies, At present
there is total silence on the subject. The state owns 25 percent of
the shares. Its director is Eugenio Fontan, brother of the president
of the Senate, and an important percentage of the shares belongs to
the family of Garrigues Walker,

The Chains of Popular Waves. The church network has broad coverage
and was formed after the restructuring of dozens of small parochial
stations. It depends economically on the Church Secretariat of Mass
Communications Media. This chain will also be affected by the Geneva
agreements but it argues that "we sent our proposal a long time ago
but the response is still being delayed."

The Intercontinental Broadcasting Company which at present has the
Madrid station, Radio Andorra and four smaller stations and is joint
owner of Radio Espana of Barcelona. It is a corporation.

Radio Espana which has a single station in Madrid, It is alsoa
corporation,

According to a member of the Supervisory Commission, the group in
charge of uniting all the state stations under the RCE, "this

32



The first task of the pertinent commander or headquarters therefore should
be to strengthen security consciousness of CB-ers among military personnel
and, with the help of examples, to point up the greater dangers inherent

in this hobby. Those dangers first of all consist in the fact that soldiers
might rathor negligently broadcast information which, taken by itself, is
not classified but which, when collected and added up, nevertheless could
provide hints as to events taking place in the military area, in other words,
information uhich would help enemy espionage. Listening in on this kind of
radio traffic is no big thing because the use of so-called "house channels"
has become widespread in many regions, in other words, one can "meet and
get together" at any time on one of the 12 channels. Wlsewhere, a call
sign comes first--rostly on channel 9--and one then agrees upon a channel
on which the gso( 9. is then actually handled. In both cases it is very
simple for an outsider to follow the conversation within a radius of 10 and
30 km. It is thus immaterial whether this kind of radio traffic is con-
@ucted inside or outside a military installation. Nevertheless, C3 radio
operations within nilitary installations entail a greater security risk.

There is an opportunity to use this tyne of radio operation for reciprocal
4nformation, within the context of official operations, for private purposes,
4n order to save the trouble of taking care of errands; this is particularly
truce in installations covering large areas, such as air. bases, command head-
quarters, maneuver areas, and depots. To prevent that, one should funda-
mentally outlaw uncontrolled transmissions from CB units of all kinds with-
4n armed forces installations. Surveillance is entirely possible precisely
because it is easy to listen in. But that also means that, where C3 sets
are introduced into military installations, those sets become subject to
mandatory registration, giving the call sign. In this way one can restrict
the practice of having CB equipment used as camouflage for unauthorized radio
sets. This moreover provides indications as to potential activities in this
field. Thus it would seem that the requirement for protection has been ade-
quately taken into account. A general band on introducing CB. sets into
arned forces installations presumably would not only be excessive but would
bring up a series of problems.

The many vehicles equipped with CB sets would then have to be assigned park-
ing spaces outside the installations because one could not exvect the owners
constantly to install and remove those sets. Apart from that, there are now

- auto radios equipped with integrated CB component and collapsible universal
antennas, some of them even motor-powered. This makes effective control
very difficult because one cannot assume that guard personnel will have the
required technical skills. A comparison to cameras is quite proper here in
figuring out a reasonable regulation.

Photographing in and of military installations is of course partly forbidden
although carrying cameras as such is not forbidden. Special security areas
are subject to special regulations.

41



BRAZIL

BRIEFS

FUJITSU COMPUTERS--The first minicomputer marketed by Eletronica Digital,
S.A. (Edisa)--imported from the Japanese firm Fujitsu--should be on the
market in September or October of this year, The model will be the ED-311,
This information was given by Ana Maria Mandeli, director of that Rio Grande
do Sul firm, who took part this week in the first meeting on Software for
National Minicomputers sponsored by Capre [expansion unknown], in Rio de
Janeiro, The Edisa aim in marketing the ED-311, is to familiarize the
market with the equipment to be produced by it and which should reach 100
percent index of nationalization in 1981, The Edisa--a holding company of
12 Rio Grande do Sul firms and minority participation of the Banco do
Estado of Rio Grande do Sul, the Companhia Estadual de Processamento de
Dados and the Banco de Desenvolvimento Economico--was one of the four firms
selected by Capre for the production of national minicomputers. [Text]
[Rio de Janeiro 0 GLOBO in Portuguese 16 Jun 78 p 26] 11634

cso: 5500



MALI

RADIO MALI'S PROBLEMS, PLANS DISCUSSED

Bamako L'ESSOR in French 31 May 78 p 5

[Text] For nearly a month now, the listeners of Radio Mali in Bamako and
its suburbs have been finding it difficult to pick up our national station;
in outlying areas this has been the case for a longer period. In response
to the many questions which have been posed by various people, Yaya
Bagayoko, minister of the interior and telecommunications, gives the
following answers describing the actual state of affairs. At the same
time he reassured the public with respect to conditions of reception in
the very near future for Bamako in particular, and in the relatively near
future (18 months) for the people of Mali in general.

"The difficulties experienced by the inhabitants of Bamako and surroundings
to pick up Radio Mali on the 209-meter wave length are due to the fact

that an essential part of one of the 60-kilowatt transmitters has been
deteriorating for more than a month. We have had to patch up an old one-
kilowatt transmitter in order to be able to continue broadcasting while

we are awaiting the arrival of spare parts which are needed to put the
transmitter serving the Bamako area back into operation.

"We are well aware of the inconvenience caused our listeners in this area,
some of whom might have thought that their receiver was defective--even
though this small inconvenience contrasts with that suffered by the
remainder of, the audience of our National Broadcasting System. We can
reassure all our listeners by announcing that the government has taken all
necessary steps to obtain this essential part with the least possible delay.
Besides, the director of the technical division of Radio Mali went to
France and Czechoslovakia to purchase the part, and it is expected that

the transmitter will be back in normal operation during the month of June.

As concerns the inhabitants of outlying sections, they usually listen to
Radio Mali on shortwave. But our shortwave transmittérs which were made
in Czechoslovakia date back to 1962 and have been operating since that
year. Since this model is no longer in production, we are forced to make
constant adjustments on these transmitters which are about to expire.

19



Volunteer aid services were organized and they not only render direct
assistance but also pass information on and, for example, give drivers
absolutely timely information on the local traffic situation and danger
spots. Experience shows that motorized CB-ers quickly build up their
oim radio circuit whenever there are traffic jams on the superhighways
and the traffic situation is passed on within that network from the start
of the traffic jam to the end. Anyone who is under way and who happens
to be a seasoned CB-er by tuning in early often learns about developing
trouble before he reaches the traffic jam and thus can adjust to the

situation.

CB radio moreover also gave small companies and crafts enterprises an
opportunity for the renote control of their field operations at relatively
minor expenditure because of the costs of establishing "exchanges," in
other words, fixed stations, today can easily be kept below DM 1,000 while
mobile stations cost less than DN 500. It is astonishing to see what kind
of technical product is offered in return for this money if one measures
it against the costs of commercial radio equipment.

Manual voice radio equipment of rather good quality can be obtained already
at half the price, for about DH 250. Cheap models can be gotten even for
less than Dif 100. It is therefore no wonder that couples and entire fami-
lies avail thenselves of the possibility to communicate with each other over
limited distances. But most of the CB-ers at this tine consider this a
welcone method of engaging in "quasi ham radio operation" without having to
go into a technical and operational qualification certificate. This is.
probably also the reason why so many expressions, which are used in’ real
ham radio operations, are now used in CB radio, although often in the oppo-
site sense. We will take up this problem later. For children and for
adults, CB radio at any rate is mostly.a welcome toy.

All of that explains the enormous spread of this system. As we indicated
earlier, CB radio also has its negative aspects. The fact is that "every-
body" is now broadcasting--and we must never forget that. It is quite
reasonable to expect that this medium can be kept effective through self-
control, vatience, and discipline. But there is also unreason here. With-
out regard as to the communications needs of our fellow man, some people
conduct marathon conversations or conversations in progress are interrupted
when somebody else cuts in. "Everybody" also includes those persons who
invest a lot of money merely in order to bother the others. High-frequency
sources are used without modulation and people completely senselessly keep
broaficasting music over longer periods of time which makes it impossible
to conduct any kind of radio operations on at least one channel in a wide
radius. There are people--end they, thank God are the exception--who de~
liberately operate properly modulated jamming transmitters. In other vords y
you can also hear malice and unfortunately also indecency going far into
the obscene.

37



CONTENTS (Continued) Page

Briefs
Automatic Exchange Installed 17
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
CHAD
Briefs
Ndjamena's Telephone Network's Modernization 18
MALI
Radio Mali's Problems, Plans Discussed
(L'ESSOR, 31 May 78).....scececcccececececececesessevees 19
SEYCHELLES
Direct Radio-Telephone Communications With Astove
Established
(THE NATION, 10 Jul 78).....cceeccccecccceevccccveccesee 21
ZAIRE
Briefs
Ground Telecommunications Station for Shaba 23
WESTERN EUROPE
ITALY
Position in World Market for Telecommunications Satellites
(Igino Coggi; AVIAZIONE, Jun 78)... ..cececccececccccccees 24
SPAIN
Radio Station Frequencies To Be Reassigned
(Carlos Garcia Cobian; CINCO DIAS, 17 Jun 78).........6. 30
New ESA Ground Receiving Station Inaugurated
(ABC, 13 Mar 78). .ccececcccceccceccccccccccecccceceseces 34
WEST GERMANY

Civil, Military Problems With CB Frequencies Outlined

(Eberhard Skibbe3; SOLDAT UND TECHNIK, Jul 78)... 35

-b-



SPAIN

RADIO STATION FREQUENCIES TO BE REASSIGNED
Madrid CINCO DIAS in Spanish 17 Jun 78 p 3

[Article by Carlos Garcia Cobian: "Radio, a War of Frequencies" ]

[Text] The problem of frequency distribution among
Spanish broadcasting stations has to be solved be-
fore 23 November. On that date some 50 broadcast-
ing stations will have to change frequency and others
will have to go off the air or go to modulated fre-
quency with subsequent economic damage.

The radio enterprise is different in each country but it can be bro-
ken down into two groups: one where there is freedom of enterprise
as in the United States and the majority of the American countries;
and the other where the enterprise is administered and exploited al-
most exclusively by the state as in the European and Afro~Asian coun-
tries. In Burope radio and television enterprises are exploited by
the state or by concessionaires of the state which range from mono-
polies to a number of groups.

The continuation of the state monopoly is in response to the "example"
of the French independent broadcasting stations. In addition to Radio
Francia, included in ‘the monopoly, there are the so-called peripheral
broadcasting stations: Buropa-I, RTL [expansion unknown]: and Radio
Montecarlo, Theoretically they are private enterprises but the state
exercises important control. It owns 35 percent of the shares in
Europa-I, 90 percent in Radio Montecarlo and it participates in RTL
through the news agency HAVAS.

\
Broadcasting in Spain’

The Spanish system of broadcasting: is original and inconsistent--
original because it is not like any other system and inconsistent be-
cause in Spain the waves of the private broadcasting stations mingle
with the waves of the state broadcasting stations.

30



The Station's Employees and Its Cost

The contract between the Syrian General Organization and the French company
stipulates that Syrian technicians will be trained to supervise the station.
Thirty Syrian experts have been already trained to supervise, assisted by

the French experts. The cost of the station, which is required by the con-
tract to be handed over in a full operation, was estimated at 30 million Syrian
pounds.

A Glance at Foreign Stations in the World

Ninety countries subscribe to the International Organization for Communications
via Satellites, INTELSAT, There are around 125 stations currently owned by

80 countries. The names of the satellites on which our ground station will
rely are INTELSAT - 4, F3 and F4, These satellites are replaced every year

by new satellites when they run out of fuel.

It is only appropriate for us to say here: Compared to the Arab and less-
developed countries, the Syrian Arabs have the right to be considered tech-
nologically advanced. Syria has its own station, unlike many of the other
countries whose stations are controlled by foreign countries.

9279
cso: 5500

16


According to Cable and Wireless, telephones are available on Farquhar,
Desroches, Astove, Assumption, Poivre, Darros, Desroches, Aldabra, Alphonse,
Platte, Coetivy, Bird, Dennis, Silhouette, North, Praslin La Digue and,

of course Mahe.

cso: 5500

22



CHAD
BRIEFS

NDJAMENA'S TELEPHONE NETWORK'S MODERNIZATION--Lyon Cables, an affiliate of
the CGE [General Electric Company], is installing a network of telephone
cables in J'Djamena, the capital of Chad. The first stage of the work--in-
stalling aerial and underground cables--involves connecting telephone exchange
No 2 in N'Djamena. The 414,000,000-CFA-franc program (about 8,300,000 MF
[Moroccan francs]), financed by the French Aid and Cooperation Fund and car-
ried out by Lyon Cables, will make it possible to modernize and extend the
Chadian capital's telephone network. It is the beginning of the first phase
of development of the network, whose capacity will be brought to 4,400 lines

after next March. [Text] [Paris ELECTRONIQUE ACTUALITES in French 23 Jun 78
p 10] 8946

cso: 5500

18



Presently in Spain 181 radio stations broadcast, the majority of them
as part of the Chain of State Communications Media, Because of a do-
mestic regulation dictated by the government, broadcasting power va-
ries from 5 kilowatts~-the local ones--to 50 kilowatts--the regional

oneSe

Following the norms of the EBU, there was a thorough restructuring
of frequencies that principally affected the union and church broad-

casting stations.

The commitments acquired at the 1975 Geneva Conference that will hurt
the economic interests of many enterprises must be put into effect
before next 23 November.

Because of these commitments three large national chains of broad-
casting stations will be established in Spain. The first would in-
clude the RNE [Spanish National Radio] network of broadcasting sta-
tions which could expand broadcasts with a new long-wave program with
two different frequencies and five broadcasting sites throughout the
country.

The second national chain would be formed by a conglomerate of broad-
casting stations that belong to the state and broadcast under the RCE
[Spanish Radio Chain].

The problem is how to distribute the third chain among the private
broadcasting stations. There is even the possibility of forming a
fourth chain with the 33 frequencies that were assigned in Geneva to
peninsular Spain and the Balearic Islands.

The Canary Islands are separate because they have 17 frequencies now
and as of 23 November they can have 19.

These measures will principally affect Madrid, Barcelona and Valencia.
The capital of Spain presently has eight medium-wave broadcasting
stations which, according to the Geneva agreements, will have to be
reduced to three, The same will occur in Barcelona and Valencia. In
official circles "the possibility of expanding these three regulation
broadcasting stations to five but no more" is considered.

What seems clear is that the distribution of frequencies will mean
the disappearance of many medium-wave broadcasting stations in sev~-
eral provinces.

State Radio

The broadcasting stations that depend on the state are:

31



The secretary of the Lions Club concluded as follows:

"We Isabelinos want the picture on the television screens to be Uruguayan. We
want our children to learn to love what is ours; to venerate our heroes. We
Lions have the support of all the people and we will implement a project that
cannot be put off."

8711
csO: 5500

13



BRAZIL

NATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS INDUSTRY TO BE GIVEN PREFERENCE
Rio de Janeiro 0 GLOBO in Portuguese 24 Jun 78 p 22

[Text] Brasilia--'In order to make decisions independently in the tele-
communications field any nation must have the technological and administra-
tive decision centers of these industries located in the country itself."

This is the basic objective of the document approved yesterday by the
Ministry of Communications, according to a statement by Minister Quandt de
Oliveira.

For all types of equipment and material which will be purchased by the firms
connected with the Ministry of Communications, the document establishes a

policy which has already been established by us, but only for certain’ types
of equipment: preference for products manufactured by national industries,

Basic Objectives

The document establishes the following basic objectives for the policy of
purchase of equipment for telecommunications technological development:

1--To reach an adequate level of autonomy in order to make it possible for
decisions of industrial and technological nature of the telecommunications
sector to be made within the country.

2--To make the sector less dependent on importation of materials, compo-
nents, equipment, services and engineering projects,

3--To create conditions for the development of Brazilian telecommunica-
tions industries, economically self supporting and capable of generating
and developing their own technology, independently or with the support of
research and development organizations,

Strategy

According to the BNDE [National Economic Development Bank] report, in spite
of the existence of over 50 national industries in the telecommunications


right, in the advanced telecommunications sector--within a context, sneci-
fically, that of the ESA, where the inadequate share of Italy's contribution
(on the average between 14 and 18% out of the total of each program) is
contrasted by the nosition assumed by Italy's chief partners. The latter
(West Germany, Great Britain, and France) as a matter of fact have no in-
tention of abdicating the priority roles assumed by them on projects of a
system nature and that is quite logical also. Hence the need for Italy to
study projects of this kind by itself and possibly outside the ZSA unless
Italy is assigned preeminent roles in programs of this kind within the
European space agency, something that is rather difficult. "This is not
intended to assert a principle of ‘autarchy,'" maintains Teofilatto. "By
particinating in ESA, Italy benefits from its presence in the European
technological context and contributes to the sectors assigned to it although
its participation is a minority participation so that Italy will be working
on the basis of decisions made by others. That will restrict Italy's
autonomy in the adoption of its own future systems and in terms of the
possibility of expanding its ow market. We must realize that France and
Germany--although they are the leading nations in ESA policy and although
they have established system capacities in their industries--carried out

a two-nation telecommunications system, called Symphonie, which it is be-
lieved can be followed by a second project precisely for the purpose of
penetrating the international market. This is why the possibility of
penetrating the international market entails greater qualification and a
further step beyond Sirio which is possible only within a national context."

Leaving to the Americans those sectors in which they alone can achieve some~
thing acceptable both technologically and economically, given the dimensions
of their industry, interest should logically be aimed at those products whose
manufacture is feasible because of the potential of Italian industry and
above all at those which are not monopolized by the United States. In the
field of telecommunications, therefore, satellites involving the Third World
and/or satellites planned for national distribution and point=to-point phone
services would be involved here, in other words, fields which are open to
rapid expansion soon. There is enough room. This is true also because the
United States will no longer be able--by its own admission--to hold on to
its primacy in this sector; American space budgets have revealed cutbacks
also in the satellite telecommunications field with programs which from
$40-60 million annually for the period of 1968-1973 were scaled down to
$10-8 million available from 1975 onward. Proof of this is furnished by the
increase in non-American participation in Intelsat. Until Intelsat IV,

as a matter of fact, foreign participation was not more than 5 whereas now,
with Intelsat V, we have almost 30% foreign participation.

The moment is therefore propitious and Italy holds all the cards needed for
getting into an interesting, technologically qualifying and economically
lucrative market. By adopting economical launch systems and by directing
investments toward product standardization, it is possible to keep the cost
around $15 million per satellite. In this connection, Teofilatto pointed
out that "to aspire to the role of an European manufacturer of satellites
to be used in regional services, Italy will furthermore have to have an

28


to the industries involved in this effort but also for the sake of the
national commmity as a whole. A single figure will suffice to demonstrate
this: In 1975, Intelsat, the international organization for the exploita-
tion of satellite telecommmnications, consisting of 95 nations, including
Italy, earned $140 million, while two years ago the private companies in
the United States alone--which are involved in telephone and data trans-
mission on a national scale--had a business volume of $50 million. The
1977 total worldwide business volume for space telecommunications services
can be estimated at at least half a billion dollars while the utilization
of space for peaceful purposes has caused companies and’ establishments to
spring up everywhere in the telecommunications sector with investments on
the order of billions of dollars and with thousands of stations. Space thus
is no longer a purely scientific "fact" but is being transformed into an
industrial "fact." This opens up an international market of vast proportions
from which it would be illogical for Italy to stay away.

"In this ‘commercial' game," Teofilatto said, "we are certainly justified

in asking ourselves what the profit is. For telecommmications, the final
advantage is a social one and it is relatively clear: The improvenent of
long-distance connections in terms of efficiency, fidelity freliability/,
and capacity is paid for--in long-range terms--by the decrease in the need
for movements by persons; we thus get an improvement in the communications
capacity without the negative result of an increase in traffic and with

the subsequent problems due to population growth. The industrial profit

is quite evident: The increased demand for telecommunications traffic in-
volves equipment in orbit and on the ground which must be evermore sophis-
ticated and widespread; we thus maintain the employment level in this sector,
we direct employment toward the study and application of technologies which
are evermore in line with service requirements; we broaden the service sector
with a subsequent increase in employment. Regarding the study of the earth,
there is no real company profit as such, except in the manufacturing sector.
The goal of deriving advantages here is only a social one and goes beyond
national geographic terms. toward the search for global prosperity on a
worldwide scale. This is not true of the other long-range applications
which represent an evolution of the concept of public utility enterprises."

25.



cuits. The radiotelephones are
built-in in cast-under-pressure
boxes of light materiai, which
lends them strength and pro-
tection from rain and dust and
permits effective electric scrben-
ing from side signals. An easi-
ly replaceable nickel-cadmium
battery ensures reliable 8-hour
work in an 8:1 reception-trans-
mission ratio and can be charged
more than 200 times.

The Len radio-station is a
joint development of the So-
fia Institute for Special Elec-
tronics and the Voronezh Com-
munication Research Insti-
tute in the USSR. It is one of
the best models of this type,
thanks to its small size and
weight, high sensitivity and mi-
nimal power consumption. Com-
pletely transistorized and made
of semiconductor elements, it
weighs only 3.5 kg, functions
for over 2,600 hours in a tem-
perature range of -25 to -~-50°C
and has a radius of action ex-
ceeding 30 km. Len has a logi-
cal light indication which sup-
plies information on five dis-
tances, includingon flaws in the
aerial system.

Exporter: Electroimpex Sofia,
Bulgaria, 17 George Washington
St. Phone: 8-61-81 Telex:

022 075



BULGARIA

QUALITIES OF BULGARIAN RADIO-TELEPHONES DESCRIBED

Sofia BULGARIAN FOREIGN TRADE in English No 3, 1978 pp 20-21

[Brticle by H. Yankova/

[lext]

Radiotelephones and_ radio-
stations, which find wide em-
ployment in industry, agricul-
ture, fire prevention and emer-
gency medical aid, figure pro-
minently in the export list of
Electroimpex. These come in
three versions: mobile, station-
ary and portable.

The RT--23  radio-station,
made of silicon semiconductors,
finds all-purpose application and
serves as basis for various mo-
difications. One of the latter is
the RT—23—10 radio-station,
which functions in variable cli-
matic conditions, in a tempe-
rature range from —25° to -55°C
and up to 98 per cent humidity;
moreover, it is protected against
humidity and dust. Depending
on the relief of the locality,
it ensures radio connections from
15 up to 80 kin. The station
comes with a control desk equip-
ped with all the necessary or-
gans.It has an inbuilt system for
selective dialling with a ma-
ximum number of subscribers

-— 66. Thanks to its compact-
ness, small size and weight,
as well as low power consump-
tion, RT 23--10 finds wide em-
ployment in the economy. —
The pocket radio-stations with
zmplitudemodulation,typesRSD
—-67 ChM, RSD—68 ChM and
RSD--69 ChM, are completely
transistorized receiver-transmit-
ters for bilateral symplex connec-
tion between mobile objects.
They are up to international
requirements for apparatus of
this type and are made on the
basis of integrated-hybrid cir-



SYRIA

GROUND STATION SOON TO BEGIN OPERATION Ege
Damascus AL-THAWRAH in Arabic 8 Jun 78 p 3 iasu
[Text] Following the submission of the report of the Commission of the gee

Syrian Ground Station for Communications via Satellites, an order has bee Zs
issued by his excellency the prime minister for the utilization of the
station without regarding this order as an acknowledgment of receipt. Thus;
the legal rights of the organization and the region will not be affected
regarding the company which has promised to deliver the station fully opera-
tional as stipulated in the contract, considering that the company has not
yet finalized its work and the installation of the station's equipment,

His excellency the director general of the General Organization for Cable
and Wireless Communications has passed a resolution placing the Syrian
Terrestrial Station into effective utilization.

For the first time an installation has been put into operation without mass
media clamor and even without an official ceremony. Final tests are currently
being carried out and have been described as successful. The station has been
placed into effective operation to secure direct telephone, telegraph, and
telex communications between the Syrian Arab region and the regions of the
Orient and the countries of the world in addition to transmission and reception
of television programs.

Specifications of the Station

It took almost one year to complete the studies and plans. Actual work on
the station began at the end of 1975, It was decided that the work and tests
should be finished and the station ready to serve the public in and outside
the region at the end of April, 1977.

A French company was chosen to execute this important project.

The station consists of a number of buildings and installations including:

the electric power building; the antenna tower building; the administration
building; the equipment; and the living accomodations.

14



L

Radio transmitter-23 finds universal employment as a basic
unit in the development of various modifications.

?

cso: 5500 4



‘What about the transmitters on Kati Road? Some people will ask this
question. In this respect we must specify that these Chinese-made
transmitters were conceived and installed for broadcasts beamed abroad and
they cannot in this case be used to cover our national territory.

‘Very fortunately, we have been able to obtain a loan of approximately

two billion Mali francs from the Federal Republic of Germany which will
allow us to buy two shortwave transmitters (of 100 and 50 kilowatts)

and one standard broadcast transmitter (of 100 kilowatts). This project

is beyond the study stage and is entering the execution phase as we have
already received bids from firms who are interested in building these .
transmitters. We have been assured that the installation will be completed
by the end of 1979. Thus, Radio Mali will be in a position to provide
quality listening to its audience throughout the national territory within
18 months."

Finally, Yaya Bagayoko broached the subject of television in Mali and
stated that this project, which has gained a great deal of attention within
the government, “is ripening” and that our country will enjoy color
television directly upon completion.

9261
cso: 5500

20



11 August 1978

\

onnn0sa! OF

TRANSLATIONS ON TELECQMMUNICATIONS POLICY,
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
No, 49

DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A
Approved for Public Release
Distribution Unlimited

Reproduced From
Best Available Copy

JPRS 71667

U. S. JOINT PUBLICATIONS RESEARCH SERVICE



Preferential equipment will have priority for the use in the national
telecommunications system, and for this purpose market incentives will

be granted to industries established in the country for its production,
According to Quandt de Oliveira, the definition of preferential equipment
will imply, during negotiations envisaging transfer to Telebras, the rights
for their manufacture in the country.

In this manner, if one multinational industry accepts to have its product
considered as "preferential" for the national telecommunications system,
this industry will have to desist from sending royalties to its home office,

According to the document, "the Ministry of Communications will study ways
of giving support to industry for establishing pilot-lines of production
of components whose use in the equipment of the national telecommunications
system would not insure economies on a scale adequate to be self-supporting
for making its manufacture viable."

11634
cso: 5500


sector at the present time, they are responsible for merely 4 percent of
the national market, Minister Quandt de Oliveira does not disagree with
these data, but neither does he see the need to create, or even expand
a line of credit to strengthen national firms in the telecommunications
sector,

The document attempts to establish the conditions for production cost re-
ductions, installation and operation of equipment and materials used in

the sector, as well as "to maintain to the maximum the system of free
competition, thus preventing a monopoly of the market or its fragmentation."

The minister is trying to interest private national groups with the incen-
tives created by the document and support of the Brazilian legislation,
There still is "no study for expanding financing conditions for the sector.

Basic Directives

The firms connected with the Ministry of Communications--states the docu-
ment--will be able to purchase imported equipment only in case when there
is no similar equipment of domestic manufacture, or when during the presen-
tation of corresponding bids, no bids were presented for the supply of
equipment manufactured in Brazil,

However the minister said, "I must admit that the document we are approving
was prepared without the participation of the representatives of the indus-
try. Therefore, now we must state that the terms of the document are not
inflexible and can be changed (not substantially) after discussions which
could be had with the representatives of the producing groups."

Another directive of the document establishes that "equipment whose manu-
facture demands large investments in production goods (multiplex, stored
data centers and so forth), making it impossible to plan long-term produc-
tion, could be acquired through the process of market division and, there-
fore, through prior selection of suppliers."

As to the acquisition of equipment--says the document--"it must always be
oriented toward limiting the number of suppliers by the line of product
to a minimum of two in order to insure an adequate level of competition,
and to the maximum of four in order to insure the needed economy scale of
the suppliers,"

Preferential Equipment

Market incentives will be granted to industries installed in the country
for the production of preferential equipment, according to the document
which gives the following definition for this equipment :

"Equipment which has technical, operational and/or construction character-
istics and uses components stipulated by Telebras [Brazilian Telecommunica-
tions Corporation]."

6



The need for prevailing over other stations and over the noise level in
many, even technically less trained CB-ers leads to reactions which not
only are absolutely impermissible but which also magnify the trouble for
the other CB-ers and moreover even interfere with or perhaps even endanger
other wireless services. In most cases there is no specific knowledge
whatsoever as to what really happens in physical terms during this process.

One widespread bad habit, which in most cases is also based on misconcep-
tions, is the use of a "VV microphone" 8). As a rule however the equipment
licensed by the post office is also designed in such a manner that a modu-
lation degree of 95-98 per cent can be attained with the standard micro-
phone that comes with the set if it is properly handled. In other vords,
if everything is properly adjusted, the modulation limiter in the set re-
gulates everything which was put into the input in excess back to where it
should be. In other words, the modulation limiter is also adjusted. . The
consequence in most case then is overmodulation which seemingly brings with
it a higher output but which is expressed in the form of distortions. The
side effects consist of a broadened frequency spectrum in terms of radiation
and sparkover to the neighboring channels.

By the way, any interference in a'set as well as the use of accessories not
expressly mentioned in the tyne permit constitutes a violation of DpP re-
gulations and automatically invalidates the operating permit.

Similarly inpermissible are all other measures intended to increase the
range, even if they are carried out in a technically correct manner. That
includes increasing the operating voltage, for example, by connecting in
an external power supply unit, by connecting HF output amplifiers

Imowm as “afterburners," and antennas with a directional effect which con-
centrate the available output in a desired direction of radiation. Far more
widespread than the "good" CB-er may assume is the use of so-called "export
sets" which are not licensed by the post office and which have higher out-
put performances and more channels. These sets and the afterburners are
offered in Germany through specialized and mail-order houses because the
assumption is that the "adult citizen" can decide on his om what he can do
and what he must not do.

In the beginning we talked about the feeling of belonging and comradeship
among CB-ers. Obviously, these qualities have their limits when it cones
to getting your way on the channels. People do not even respect channel 9
(27.065 iz) which is advertised as the emergency call channel. But if
you listen in on the "every nan's band" you will find that only a fraction
of what is said there really has an informative content of a personal or a
general nature. Certainly, immaterial conversations are also justified but
they should not completely block the way for important information and cer-
tainly not for urgent calls.

39



the convention, Giampiero Elia ("Economic Aspects of Space Activities
in particular od out three classes of satellites applicable to
eighties and a good portion of the following decade, with the follow:
weights: "Less than 800 kg, class 3; between 800 and 1,100 kg, class 2;

more than 1,100 kg, class 1; they correspond to three boosters (today they
are of the "rocket' type; starting in 1981-1982 they will be of the ‘shuttle'
type plus one auxiliary 'rocket’. stage). Available market studies indicate
that the regional traffic functions will be carried out with class-3
satellites. The class-2 satellites will be necessary for multipurnose
missions or for heavy regional traffic volumes (for example, domestic
traffic in the United States today; or inter-Arab traffic during the
nineties). Class-1 satellites will be needed for the operation of the
international network." Italy today has the possibility of getting into
this new market and, as Elia continued, this is "due to the capacity de-
monstrated through the achievement of Sirio, in other words, a satellite
with a simple design but with second-generation and third-generation techno-
logies, such as they are required for the development of telecommunications

during the eighties."

This is by no means 2 negligible market. In his report, Elia considered
feasible another 150 geostationary satellites in orbit over the next score
of years (as against the current 50), with the construction and launching
of about 400 satellites between 1980 and 2000, including 150 during the
decade of 1980-1990. Teofilatto, on the other hand, assumed that there
would be 117 orbiting satellites in 1990 and that 181 launches would be
necessary, calculating the average life of a satellite at 7 years. In
particular, estimates range from a minimum of 121 to a maxinum of 411
satellites whose maximum and minimum data, depending upon the type of
application, would be as follows: telephony, 364 and 101; direct television,
25 and 10; mobile systems, 22 and 10; at an average cost, per satellite,

of between $15 and $20 million. The figures for the entire world market
therefore can be assumed to be between a minimum of $1.8 billion and a
maximum of $8.0 billion (Teofilatto, in this connection, believes that a
figure of $3 billion for the decade of 1980-1990 will be most probable) -
Since one-third of that figure is taken up by launch and orbiting costs,
the market slice for the space vehicle building industry should, on the
average, come to $2 billion which, expressed in current figures, would be
$1.7 trillion Italian lice. But this is only the market pertaining to the
portion that is in orbit and to that we will add the market for ground sta-
tions. Here, intermational estimates range fron $2 to $7 billion with an
average of $5 billion for 26,000 terminals. Nor must we forget the [support]
services which during the decade of 1980-1990 could constitute about 103
of the investments of the ground network.

Should Italy seck access to that market within an exclusively national
setting or in an ESA context? The meeting brought up the need for Italy to
move toward national solutions rather than "European ones"; it turns out
to be difficult to take the stens toward the assumption of a system role in
the field of space telecommunications--whose harbinger was the Sirio pro-
gran with whose help Italy today is being sought as a partner, in its own

27



Satellites in Orbit Launched during

during year given year given

Year Total Class Class

3 2 1 3 2 1
1980 69 34 24 11 3 9 4
1981 77 36 28 13 7 8 3
1982 88 39 32 17 5 8 5
1983 88 39 30 19 3 7 3
1984 91 ; 40 31 20 4 6 6
1985 96 42 33 21 #10 5 4
1986 99 44 34 21 8 4 2
1987 106 49 35 22 «10 4 3
1988 =113 52 38 23 7 9 3
1989 9-114 52 39 23 6 6 3
1990 «117 53 41 23 6 6 4
Total satellites requested 69 72 40

181

Class subdivision

Class 1 Beyond 1,100 and 1,200 kg 40 .
2 Between 800 and 1,100 kg 72
3 Less than 800 kg 69

Figures given with reference to the mass [weight] in
transfer orbit

Until now, the obstacle to the industrial exploitation of space has been
represented by the costs which were kept high also due to the use of ex-+
pensive vehicles which could not be recovered. The situation will change
in the near future, over the next 3 or 4 years, at most, with the intro-
duction of the space shuttle, the NASA space vehicle which should be able
drastically to cut the costs connected with placing satellites in orbit,
in other words, cutting the costs to one quarter or one fifths of current
costs. The decade to come will thus--to a great extent due to the space
shuttle itself, whose employment will not be confined to exclusively
American missions--bring the beginning of a new phase in snace activities
and, as the CNA general manager said, "a proliferation of the practical ©
application sector, especially in telecommunications, where we will see
the survival of only those industries which, having made the proper pre-
parations, will be able to offer competitive 'products.'"

What, then, will the market offer and what can we expect from that space
industry? During the decade of 1980-1990 it is logical for us to expect
requests for four categories of satellites: Regional and domestic conmuni-
cations; special communications and mobile equipment; television broad-
casting; big international combines (of the Intelsat type). Considering
the tendancy toward an increase in the weight in orbit--which can be
achieved by replacing the currently orbiting satellites with satellites
having a greater capacity and greater dimentions--one of the speakers at

26



The radiotelephones exported by Electroimpex
are compact in size and light in weight.



SYRIA

BRIEFS

AUTOMATIC EXCHANGE INSTALLED--Damascus--Work has begun on the installation

of the first international automatic exchange which will provide direct
telephone communications between the Syrian Arab Region and sister Arab

regions and the countries of Europe and America. A Syrian Arab News Agency
correspondent has learned that completion of the work is expected at the end
of the current year as a preliminary step toward placing the new exchange in
effective service at the beginning of next year. This exchange will contribute
effectively, after its placement in service, to facilitating and developing
international communications and providing subscribers in the region with

the ability to communicate directly with subscribers in the sister regions

and countries of Europe and America. On the other hand, an agreement has

been reached between the General Organization for Cable and Wireless Commu-
nications and the General Company for Concrete Work to construct the electronic
telephone exchange building at Bab Shatqi with a capacity for 10,000 new
telephone numbers to serve the district of Bab Sharqi, Mukhayam Al-Yarmook,
"The Yarmook Camp", and the villages of Qabr-us-Sit and Jirmana. [Text]
[Damascus AL-THAWRAH in Arabic 4 Jun 78 p 4] 9279

cso: 5500

17



SPAIN

NEW ESA GROUND RECEIVING STATION INAUGURATED
Madrid ABC in Spanish 13 Mar 78 p 5

[Text] Their majesties Juan Carlos and Sofia inaugurated the Spanish ground
receiving station of the European Space Agency in Villafranca del Castillo
some 30 kilometers from Madrid yesterday morning. They arrived in a heli-
copter piloted by Juan Carlos and were received by the general director of
the European Space Agency, Roy Gibson. The station is equipped with three
parabolic antennas 15 meters in diameter.

7717
cso: 5500

34



WEST GERMANY

CIVIL, MILITARY PROBLEMS WITH CB FREQUENCIES OUTLINED
Frankfurt/tiain SOLDAT UND THCHNIK in German Jul 78 pp 351-354
[Brticle by Col Eberhard Skibbe, GSC: "Froblemsof ‘Everybody's Radio'"7

([fext/ General questions on 27.005-27-135 MHz Eee) tre-
quency range and military viewpoints. On 1 July 1978,
the youngest menber of the German voice radio family--
"“everyman'’s" or "CB radio"--ccelebrated its 3rd anni-
versary. The group of those who at that time may ex-
pectantly have been looking forward to its birth, might--
measured by the large number of present-day fans--still
have been relatively small. In the meantime however this
child has grow to an extent which even the experts never
suspected and perhaps did not even want; it has slowly
and obviously developed into a problem child, not so much
for its parents, the Federal Fost Office, but rather for
all users who really were supposed to take good care of
it. The problems result from the enormous spread of this
type of radio operation in Germany in a short time and
the attendant density on the few channels which mostly
in population concentration areas lead to consequences
which nobody can really approve. It is the purpose of
this article to describe the existing situation, to ana-
lyze it, and to evaluate it also from the military view-

point.

Through its 22 Karch 1975 Amtsblatt /official gazette/ no 70,1975, the

DBP (German Federal Post Office) released 12 channels in the frequency
range between 27.005 and 27.135 iflz for use by “anyone” effective 1 July
1975. It thus--at least in part--followed in the footsteps of a measure
which had been taken about 10 years earlier in the United States and which
is obviously in keeping with a need of the population (but also, last but
not least, a need of industry and commerce related to such activities) .

The term "CB radio’) was also borrowed from the United States and this term
in the meantime has become popular in Germany for this communication medium.


ZAIRE

BRIEFS

GROUND TELECOMMUNICATIONS STATION FOR SHABA--The ground station for telecom-
munications by satellite, currently under construction on the Kipushi road,
will be operational for the whole Shaba region by the end of next June,

Mr De Lannes, president and general manager of the Thompson group revealed on
Tuesday during the courtesy visit he paid to the region's commissioner,
citizen Efambe Y'Olanga. Mr De Lannes stated that the station will become tot-
ally operational in November, when Lubumbashi will pick up broadcasts and tel-
evised programs from Kinshasa. Also at that stage, the Shaba region will be
able to communicate by telephone or telex with the capital, without difficulty.
In addition to the Lubumbashi station, which will be the first of 13 stations

anticipated for the interior of the country, the Shaba area will be given two
next year and two tel-

other similar stations at Kalemie and Kamina during the

evision centers to be installed at Kolwezi and Likasi. Mr De Lannes revealed
that by this telecommunications system Zaire will be the second country in
Africa--after Algeria--to have ground stations at its disposal. The equipment
will be more complete than Algeria's. The region's commissioner paid ringing
homage: to the revolution's Guide for having given first to Shaba this telecom-
cunications system, which is an important factor in the region's development.
Citizen Efambe assured the "Thompson" group of the collaboration and support of
the region in accomplishing its work. In the afternoon, with his host, he
went to the worksite. Situated 10 km from the city center on the Kipushi road,

the future ground station of Lubumbashi is part of the vast program set up by
to give Zaire an improved sys-

the Executive Council with the Thompson group,
tem of telecommunications by. satellite. [Text] [Kinshasa ELIMA in French

21 Avr 78 p 41 8946

cso: 5500


JPRS 71667
11 August 1978

TRANSLATIONS ON. TELECOMMUNICATIONS POLICY,
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
No. 49

ConTENTS PAGE

EASTERN EUROPE
BULGARIA

Qualities of Bulgarian Radio-Telephones Described
(H. Yankova; BULGARIAN FOREIGN TRADE, No 3, 1978)....... 1

LATIN AMERICA

BRAZIL
National Telecommunications Industry To Be Given Preference
(O GLOBO, 24 Jun 78)...ceeeeec cence cece cee eeeerescseees 5
Radiobras Refutes Charges of Foreign Radio Penetration
(O GLOBO, 18 Jun 78)... ecececcccccccccccececccccececseee 8
Briefs
Fujitsu Computers 9
URUGUAY

Mercedes Airfield Gets Weather Station

(Daniel Rondan; LA MANANA, 21 Jun 78)..-.escceeees 10

Campaign To Install TV Repeater Tower Underway
(LA MANANA, 29 Jun 78)...ceeeeeccsccccccccccvccsececcene 12

NEAR EAST AND NORTH AFRICA
SYRIA

Ground Station Soon To Begin Operation
(AL-THAWRAH, 8 Jun 78)...cceecccccccccceccccccsvecccsane 14

-a- [III - INT - 140]



One natural consequence of the enormous spread of CB radio operations is
represented by the fact that the daily press, radio, and TV cover this
medium likewise. The evaluations vary. One observation is certainly
proper at this point: anyone who wishes correctly to evaluate Cb radio

and its meaning must--especially in view of the problens described--have
personal operating experience of his om, extending over several months.

In spite of all of the difficulties which result from the heavy occupation
of channels, it is still entirely possible nowadays to make meaningful use
of GB radio. This also includes above all the mastery of the language vhich
has taken hold in Germany among CB-ers, astonishingly, almost in a complete-
ly uniform manner. But one must also learn to pick up the desired voice
from the soretines very heavy confusion. This can be attained only in a
kind of accomodation process, it is impossible on short notice, and it re-
quires much patience. Any premature judgnent, which is made without these
prerequisites, is therefore questionable, to say the least.

Finally we might mention the fact that many CB clubs are trying to create
order and discipline in radio operations. If their efforts were not at

all successful, then the situation would certainly be worse. The community
of CB-ers however should also close ranks and unconpromisingly move against
those who seck to gain advantages over other radio hams through unauthorized
measures and means.

Before any request is made for releasing additional channels for CB redio,
one should be able to answer positively, backed up by the good conscience
of an overwhelming majority, the question as to what has happened to the
hitherto released 12 channels in the past.

CB Radio for Military Personnel

If "everybody" is entitled to broadcast on certain frequencies under speci-
fic conditions, that naturally also applies to military personnel. One
might even advocate the view that these citizens are particularly interested
in this, for example, in order to announce their arrival as they return hone
after travel over longer distances, as they seek to communicate with their
partners when they move in convoy, or as they try to establish contact fror.
remote or deserted locations. The many CB-radio-equipned motor vehicles
owned by military personnel at nilitary posts and bases confirms that these
possibilities are certainly being used frequently.

But we cannot get around the question as to whether the CB activities of
military personnel inside and outside nilitary installations can exert dis-
advantageous effects on military security and on communications facilities.
It would be nonsense to try to overestinate dangers here which of course in
point of fact cannot be ruled out and to restrict freedom to such a degree
that the soldiers might possibly be forced out of the group of persons re~-
ferred to by the term "everybody." In other words, any necessary regulations
must be confined to the ninimun which is absolutely indispensable in order
to guarantee military and communications security.

- 40



URUGUAY

MERCEDES AIRFIELD GETS WEATHER STATION
Montevideo LA MANANA in Spanish 21 Jun 78 p 8
[News dispatch by Daniel Rondan]

[Text] Mercedes--The new Mercedes weather station, situated at the Ricardo
Detomasi Airport, was opened in the presence of high authorities, headed by
the deputy minister of national defense, Armando Chiarino.

The building was constructed entirely by the Soriano Municipal Administration,
which provided the necessary experts, materials, and personnel, while the
Uruguayan Weather Service furnished technical help.

The new station, considered among the most modern and important outside of
the capital, will operate continuously between 0530 and 2100 hours, provid-
ing information on the weather, recording meteorologically controlled
temperature readings, wind direction and speed, cloud conditions, moisture,
sunlight, evaporation, etc., in this area. The information, which will be
transmitted within moments througout the country, and abroad as well, will
be extracted from the data furnished by the various instruments installed in
the weather station, the park, and the office; they are thermometers of
various types, evaporimeter, a thermohydrograph, a pluviograph, a barometer,
a barograph, an anemometer, a wind speed and direction indicator, etc. It
should be noted that the new station forms part of the development project
of the Uruguayan Weather Service, with aid from the United Nations [Develop-
ment] Program, and will support activities in the fields of agriculture,
industry, tourism, air and sea navigation, education, etc.

The Inauguration

At the inauguration ceremony, following the signing of the national anthem,
the Soriano municipal administrator, Col Juan C. Salaberry, spoke. In hand-
ing over the project he emphasized the fact that one more municipal goal,
this one of nationwide significance, had been met, providing a source of
pride for the departmental community.

10



URUGUAY

CAMPAIGN TO INSTALL TV REPEATER TOWER UNDERWAY
Montevideo LA MANANA in Spanish 29 Jun 78 p 12

[fext7 Paso de los Toros -- The local Lions Club has been working actively

to implement the installation of a repeater tower to permit reception of
Uruguayan television channels. To learn more details and the reasons motivating
the project, LA MANANA interviewed the secretary of that organization, Julio

C. Medina,

"It is obvious," said Medina, "that the television channels that are received
most clearly are the Argentine channels. We must remember that our city is
250 kilometers from Montevideo and only 150 kilometers from the Argentine
border and that causes the national channels to be received here unclearly and
sporadically.

"That," continued our interviewee, "creates a number of problems that may divided
into three groups, as follows: 1) from the national point of view; 2) from the
social aspect; and 3) from the cultural aspect.

From the national point of view, we know more about the situation in neighboring
countries than our own. The news broadcasts of those channels, their sports
programs or even the simple entertainment programs are causing the local
population to become detached from the national situation.

"From the social point of view, since television is a menas of communication

that has few competitors as a pastime, the influence it may have on the viewer

is extremely important because what he sees and hears pertains to other societies,
to other symbols, to other personalities than our own. Just think," declared
Julio Medina, “how harmful this may be for the upbringing of our children."

"Finally," said our interviewee, "it is no less important from a cultural
viewpoint.

"I believe," he continued, "that it can all be tied together into one big
problem. I believe the project we are undertaking is essential, Through
television we can give all of our people a view of the life of our country."

12



1. Report No. 2.
BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATA JPRS. 71667

3. Recipient's Accession No.

4. Title and Subtitle

TRANSLATIONS ON TELECOMMUNICATIONS POLICY, RESEARCH
AND DEVELOPMENT, No. 49

5. Report Date

11 August 1978

6.

17. Author(s)

8. Performing Organization Repr.
Jo.

9. Performing Organization Name and Address

Joint Publications Research Service
1000 North Glebe Road

Arlington, Virginia 22201

10. Project/Task/Work Unit No.

11, Contract /Grant No.

12, Sponsoring Organization Name and Address

As above

13. Type of Report & Period
Covered

15. Supplementary Notes

16, Abstracts

This serial report contains translations from the world press and radio relating
to worldwide political, economic and technical developments in telecommunications,
computers, and satellite communications. Coverage will be worldwide with focus

on France, Federal Republic of Germany, United Kingdom, Italy, Japan, the USSR,
People's Republic of China, Sweden, and the Netherlands.

17. Key Words and Document Analysis. 17a. Descriptors

Worldwide
Computers
Satellite Communications

Electronics and Electrical Engineering
Telecommunications
Telemetry

17b. Identifiers /Open-Ended Terms

We. COSATI Field/Group Q9B, C, F, 17B, 22B

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restructuring can be very peneficial for the private stations. There
is the problem of some 900 families that belonged to the Movement and
union stations. They presently belong to the RCE and have similar
rights as the workers of RTVE [Directorate General of Radio Broadcast-
ing and Television] since the RCE is part of the RIVE although it
functions autonomously."

The distribution of frequencies will fundamentally affect the private
stations. Nevertheless, these will have to abide by the government
decisions. Practically all the private stations that presently
proadcast do so by concessions, most of which have already expired.
Others operate through a series of provisional authorizations that
have been extended until the plan of frequency distribution has been

carried out.

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33


SEYCHELLES

DIRECT RADIO-TELEPHONE COMMUNICATIONS WITH ASTOVE ESTABLISHED

Victoria THE NATION in English 10 Jul 78 pp 1, 2

{Text] The Government-owned island of Astove is the latest of the outer-
islands of Seychelles to have direct radio-telephone communications with

the rest of the country.

The system was set up this morning and one of the first calls was from Mr
Raoul de La Fontaine of the Department of Agriculture and Land Use to the
headquarters of the Information Services.

Mr de La Fontaine, Field Officer for the Outer-Islands said that they

started work on installing the set at six this morning and had it ready for
testing two and a half hours jater and that's when he called our headquarters.
He said there had been no problems either in the the crossing from Mahe by
the Nordvaer or in setting up the equipment.

y having two-way telephone contact with
Wireless Transmitting Station at st
This morning's test call though

Astove, like the other islands alread
Mahe, has to go through the Cable and
Louis to be connected to the public system.
faint, was clear.

Government announced last year that islands would have to install two-way
radios so that the people working there would not be cut off from what was

happening in the rest of the republic and also to enable help to reach these
islands as soon as possible in case of sickness, accident or other emergen-

cies.

Better communication with the islands also form part of government's plans
to develop fully all of our territory.

e gn the state-owned island of Farquhar and

The first installation was madi
to the President from the Minister for Works

the first call from there was
and Port Mr Philibert Loizeau.


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auxiliary launch vehicle for the NASA shuttle which--combined with the
satellite--will permit maximun global economizing. (This vehicle will be
saleable as a subsystem for other launches of a practical application and
scientific nature.) Italian space industry moreover will be able to offer
the TV satellite necessary for servicing the country and, as a result of
the intelligent exploitation of international norms governing television
‘broadcasting from space, Italy will also be present with offers of service

in neighboring areas."

Placing television satellites in orbit should thus represent a business
volume between 100 and 150 billion lire for one preoperative satellite,

one operative satellite, and two replacements in orbit over about a dozen
years, while the creation of a network of ground stations for individual
reception--considering only the users in existence today--would in the end
generate a business volume in terms of trillions of lire. It suffices to
realize that small 12-GHz stations reveal a unit cost--when planned in
large volumes--of about 400,000 lire for individual facilities and at least
1 million for multiple condominial setups and that every station has an
average life between 5 and 8 years. Even if a market of this kind is
essentially national, this does not mean that foreign competition might not
come back to it in the absence of proper Italian products. And if we then
go on to evaluate the possibilities of exporting space systems or building
them on the basis of foreign orders, we would be facing a potential that
would be more than just attractive. The opportunity thus exists for Italy's
access to international space industry; possibilities for Italy's industry
do exist here; it would be absurd for us to allow such a unique opportunity
to get away from us-

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29



One therefore should not complain so much about the children and teenagers,
whose frequent interruption of on-going radio conversations on the one
hand are due only to lack of understanding and on the other hand mostly
are due to receivers that are too weak. Cheap "hand mikes" do of course
have the maximum vermissible broadcasting output but the receivers are
mostly not at all sensitive. But how receptive esnecially this group of
CB-ers is when it comes to complying with broadcasting rules and good
discipline is something that all serious adult CB-ers know as they honestly
try to talk with the youngsters on the radio and as they patiently seek to
teach them. i

Problems, Their Causes and Consequences

With few excentions, all CB-ers try to establish good voice connections
over the longest possible distances at any time. From the purely technica
viewpoint, this is best possible with fixed stations using good and tall
antennas. Then we have, in order, the mobile stations on motor vehicles
whose antenna length of course is limited but which, because of the rather
good "counterveight," represented by the auto body, in keeping with the
particular location, can achieve ranges of un to 20 km, especially when
they are talking to well-positioned fixed stations. lost disadvantaged
are the manual voice radio units which, in svite of the sane transmitter
output capacity are very much dependent on the specific location. Here we
do not have a good counterweight to an antenna which normally is no higher
above the ground than the user happens to be "tall." Connection to an
outside antenna is not permitted.

From these facts there follows the, in my opinion, still least serious
"CB-er sin"--the fact that, contrary to regulations, busily keep breaking( 5)
with each other. So long as this is done exclusively with equipment that
is licensed by the post office, the post office itself may tolerate this
violation because it is understandable and difficult to control(6). The
other things that happen here are by far worse and must be critized.

Nowadays the effective range, which can be achieved with the licensed units
at an output capacity of 0.5 w, is limited much less by the physical vrona-
gation conditions than by the noise level generated by the sum total of

CB stations on the channels. The stations often are so heavily superposed
on top of each other that it is simply unbearable to listen to this "garbage"
Radio broadcasting operations are then possible only over a distance where
the field intensity of the transmitter is clearly perceptible at the nlace
of reception above the noise level prevailing there. That amounts to only
a few kilonsters as the case may be. This trouble could be corrected re-
latively casily if there were good discinline on the CB channels. Eut as
we said before: everybody is broadcasting. :

38



ITALY

POSITION IN WORLD MARKET FOR TELECOMMUNICATIONS SATELLITES
Rome AVIAZIONE in Italian Jun 78 pp 334-335

[frticle by Igino Coggi: "Telecommunications Satellite--Room Also for
Ttaly"7

[fext] An agreenent on Italien space activities brought
up the need for Italy--after the success of Sirio and
the improvement of its space industry--not to remain away
from a nascent market which demonstrates enormous expan-
sion possibilities. :

"The purpose of the space industry requires definition. Many people believe
that space is a 'place' from which one can derive profit, making products
both for their use, in space, and on earth. In a broader sense, "space!
covers the activities which make both real and perspective use of outer
space. Thus, space industry means telecommmications industry today and
prospective commercial use for many other applications tomorrow." With
these words, Antonio Teofilatto, general manager of CNA (National Aerospace
Company) opened the convention on "Italian space activities--orientations,
prospects, proposals," which the scientific research section of the
Christian Democratic Party organized at the party's headquarters in Ronme-
EUR [iniversal Exposition of Rone/ last 23 May. Teofilatto was not the
only speaker. Broglio, Scandone (chairman of the space committee of the
CNR ffational Research Council/), and Malavasi of the SAS Space Activity
Service//cuR, as well as Elia, of the office of the Honorable Postal also
spoke. This was followed by remarks made by the latter and by scientific
research minister Antoniozzi.

The convention brought up the need for Italy--which by right is already a
member of the "space club" by virtue of its international activities and
due to the achlevenent of Sirio--not only not to abandon the positiors
gained but also to consolidate those positions through a series of both
national and international programs which can give Italy a position of
prestige also in the nascent space industry.. After confirming the in-
portance of space research for scientific purposes, it is necessary to
strengthen the economic aspects of space activities not only with regard

24



BRAZIL

RADIOBRAS REFUTES CHARGES OF FOREIGN RADIO PENETRATION
Rio de Janeiro 0 GLOBO in Portuguese 18 Jun 78 p 4

[Text] Brasilia--"At this time I can guarantee that the index of listeners
of foreign radiobroadcasts in Amazonia, including Radio Havana and-Radio
Moscow, is not higher than 2 percent," said the president of Radiobras
[Brazilian Radiotelegraphic Company], Col Idalecio Nogueira Diogenes,
yesterday,

The information given by the president of Radiobras refutes the statements
made by the director-manager of Radio Nacional in Boa Vista (Roraima Terri-
tory), Francisco Galvao Soares, who charged at the beginning of last week
that there was penetration of foreign radio stations in the Amazon Region,
According to Galvao Soares, some countries expanded their radio programs
to Brazil, obtaining good audiences by aiming their transmitters to the
Amazon Region, after Radio Nacional suspended its programming abroad,

Among these foreign radio stations which allegedly succeeded in increasing
their audiences in that region the representative of Radio Nacional in Boa
Vista pointed out those of Havana and Moscow. According to him, these
radio stations "have increased their power to 300 kilowatts, and turned
their antennas specifically to reach Amazonia, with the aim of neutralizing
the programs. of Radio Nacional,"

For Idalecio Nogueira Diogenes the concern shown by the director in Boa
Vista is without foundation, "Because of lack of options," said Idalecio,
"some years ago the majority of listeners who live in that region, espe-
cially those in the border cities, listened a lot to foreign radio stations,
among them to Havana and Moscow,

"However, after Radio Nacional began giving more attention to that area,
the index of listeners to the radio stations of other countries dropped from
100 percent to the maximum of 2 percent,"

According to the president of Radiobras, the firm does not have available
the means to verify the increase of power of the foreign radio transmitters,
as was charged by the director-manager of Boa Vista, because of lack of
verification equipment, "since we do not have informers in Moscow, and much
less in Havana,"

8
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The director general of the Uruguayan Weather Service, Air Col Fernando J.
Arbe, commented on the erection of the station and stated that it forms

part of a plan embracing new projects in this field, with important support
from the United Nations Program, which will culminate with four new stations,
including those to be inaugurated soon at Tacuarembo, Rocha, and Minas.

With the cutting of’ the ribbon by the deputy secretary of the Ministry of
National Defense, Dr Chiarino, to inaugurate the project, the authorities
and members of the press proceeded to yisit the brand new installations.

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