Cover photograph: Ship in Savannah Harbor, Georgia, 2001


Photograph by: Edward H. Martin, U.S. Geological Survey

Summary of Hydraulic Properties of the Floridan 

Aquifer System in Coastal Georgia and Adjacent 

Parts of South Carolina and Florida

By John S. Clarke, David C. Leeth, DáVette Taylor-Harris, 

Jaime A. Painter, and James L. Labowski

Prepared in cooperation with the Georgia Department of Natural Resources, 

Environmental Protection Division, Georgia Geologic Survey

Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5264

U.S. Department of the Interior

U.S. Geological Survey
U.S. Department of the Interior

Gale A. Norton, Secretary

U.S. Geological Survey

Charles G. Groat, Director

U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2004

U.S. Geological Survey, Information Services

Online publication: http://pubs.usgs.gov/

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endorsement by the U.S. Government.

Although this report is in the public domain, permission must be secured from the individual copyright owners to reproduce any copyrighted materials contained within this report.

Suggested citation: 

Clarke, John S., David C. Leeth, DáVette Taylor-Harris, Jaime A. Painter, and James L. Labowski, 2004, Summary of 

hydraulic properties of the Floridan aquifer system in coastal Georgia and adjacent parts of South Carolina and Florida: 

U.S. Geological Survey, Scientific Investigations Report, p. 54.
 iii

CONTENTS

ABSTRACT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1

INTRODUCTION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1

Purpose and Scope. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2

Description of Study Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2

Well-Identification Systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2

Previous Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2

Acknowledgments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4

HYDROGEOLOGY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4

Geologic Setting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4

Floridan Aquifer System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

HYDROLOGIC-PROPERTY DATA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7

Transmissivity and Storage Coefficient . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7

Vertical Hydraulic Conductivity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8

Aquifer-Test Data Qualifiers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8

HYDRAULIC PROPERTIES OF THE FLORIDAN AQUIFER SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9

Upper Floridan Aquifer and Equivalent Clastic Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9

Lower Floridan Aquifer and Equivalent Clastic Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10

Vertical Hydraulic Conductivity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18

SUMMARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

SELECTED REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23

APPENDIX A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27

Figures

1. Map showing location of study area, physiographic and structural features, and

line of hydrogeologic section in coastal Georgia and adjacent parts of 

South Carolina and Florida. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

2. Chart showing geologic and hydrogeologic units of the upper and lower Coastal 

Plain, coastal Georgia, and adjacent parts of South Carolina and Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

3. Diagram showing hydrogeologic section of the Florida aquifer system 

along dip, upper to lower Coastal Plain, coastal Georgia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

4. Boxplot showing transmissivity of the Upper and Lower Floridan aquifers in the study 

area in coastal Georgia and adjacent parts of South Carolina and Florida, and at 

multi-aquifer wells completed in the Upper and Lower Floridan aquifers, 

Duval County, Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

5–9. Maps showing:

5a. Transmissivity of the Upper Floridan aquifer and equivalent clastic units in 

coastal Georgia and adjacent parts of South Carolina and Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

5b. Transmissivity of the Upper Floridan aquifer in Chatham and Glynn Counties, 

Georgia, and Beaufort and Jasper Counties, South Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

6a. Storage coefficient of the Upper Floridan aquifer and equivalent clastic units

in coastal Georgia and adjacent parts of South Carolina and Florida . . . . . . . . . . 16
iv 

6b. Storage coefficient of the Upper Floridan aquifer in Chatham County, 

Georgia, and Beaufort and Jasper Counties, South Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

6c. Storage coefficient of the Upper Floridan aquifer in Glynn County, Georgia . . . . . . 18

7. Transmissivity of the Lower Floridan aquifer and equivalent clastic units in 

(A) coastal Georgia and adjacent parts of South Carolina and Florida; 

(B) Barnwell and Allendale Counties, South Carolina; and 

(C) multi-aquifer wells completed in the Upper and Lower Floridan 

aquifers in Duval County, Florida. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

8. Storage coefficient of the Lower Floridan aquifer and equivalent clastic 

units in Allendale and Barnwell Counties, South Carolina, and at 

multi-aquifer wells completed in the Upper and Lower Floridan 

aquifers in Duval County, Florida. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

9. Location of sites with vertical hydraulic-conductivity data for the 

Floridan aquifer system, Burke, Chatham, and Glynn Counties, Georgia, 

and Barnwell and Beaufort Counties, South Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

10. Distribution of vertical hydraulic conductivity for selected hydrogeologic units of 

Floridan aquifer system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Table

 1. Vertical hydraulic conductivity of the Floridan aquifer system, coastal Georgia 

and adjacent parts of South Carolina and Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

A-1. Transmissivity and storage coefficient of the Upper and Lower Floridan

aquifers and equivalent clastic units, coastal Georgia and 

adjacent parts of South Carolina and Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

Vertical Datum

Vertical coordinate information is referenced to the North American Vertical 

Datum of 1988 (NAVD 88). Historical data collected and stored as National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 (NGVD 29) have been converted to North American 

Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD 88) for this publication.

Horizontal Datum

Horizontal coordinate information is referenced to the North American Datum of 

1983 (NAD 83). Historical data collected and stored as North American Datum of 

1927 (NAD 27) have been converted to NAD 83 for use in this publication.
Summary of Hydraulic Properties of the Floridan Aquifer 

System in Coastal Georgia and Adjacent Parts of 

South Carolina and Florida

By John S. Clarke, David C. Leeth, DáVette Taylor-Harris, Jaime A. Painter, and James L. Labowski

ABSTRACT

Hydraulic-property data for the Floridan aquifer system and 

equivalent clastic sediments in a 67-county area of coastal 

Georgia and adjacent parts of South Carolina and Florida were 

evaluated to provide data necessary for development of groundwater flow and solute-transport models. Data include transmissivity at 324 wells, storage coefficient at 115 wells, and vertical 

hydraulic conductivity of 72 core samples from 27 sites.

Hydraulic properties of the Upper Floridan aquifer vary 

greatly in the study area due to the heterogeneity (and locally to 

anisotropy) of the aquifer and to variations in the degree of confinement provided by confining units. Prominent structural features in the area—the Southeast Georgia Embayment, the Beaufort Arch, and the Gulf Trough—influence the thickness and 

hydraulic properties of the sediments comprising the Floridan 

aquifer system. Transmissivity of the Upper Floridan aquifer 

and equivalent updip units was compiled for 239 wells and 

ranges from 530 feet squared per day (ft2/d) at Beaufort County, 

South Carolina, to 600,000 ft2

/d in Coffee County, Georgia. In 

carbonate rock settings of the lower Coastal Plain, transmissivity of the Upper Floridan aquifer generally is greater than 

20,000 ft2/d, with values exceeding 100,000 ft2

/d in the southeastern and southwestern parts of the study area (generally coinciding with the area of greatest aquifer thickness). Transmissivity of the Upper Floridan aquifer generally is less than 

10,000 ft2/d in and near the upper Coastal Plain, where the aquifer is thin and consists largely of clastic sediments, and in the 

vicinity of the Gulf Trough, where the aquifer consists of low 

permeability rocks and sediments. Large variability in the range 

of transmissivity in Camden and Glynn Counties, Georgia, and 

Nassau County, Florida, demonstrates the anisotropic distribution of hydraulic properties that may result from fractures or 

solution openings in the carbonate rocks. Storage coefficient of 

the Upper Floridan aquifer was compiled for 106 wells and 

ranges from about 0.00004 at Beaufort County, South Carolina, 

to 0.04 in Baker County, Florida. 

Transmissivity of the Lower Floridan aquifer and equivalent 

updip clastic units was compiled for 53 wells and ranges from 

about 170 ft2

/d in Barnwell County, South Carolina, to about 

43,000 ft2

/d in Camden County, Georgia. Transmissivity of the 

Lower Floridan aquifer is greatest where the aquifer is thickest—in southeastern Georgia and northeastern Florida—where 

estimates are greater than 10,000 ft2

/d; at one well in southeastern Georgia transmissivity was estimated to be as high as 

200,000 ft2

/d. Storage-coefficient data for the Lower Floridan 

aquifer are limited to three estimates in Barnwell and Allendale 

Counties, South Carolina, and to estimates determined from six 

multi-aquifer tests in Duval County, Florida. In the South Carolina tests, storage coefficient ranges from 0.0003 to 0.0004; this 

range is indicative of a confined aquifer. The storage coefficient 

for the combined Upper and Lower Floridan wells in Duval 

County, Florida, ranges from 0.00002 to 0.02. 

Vertical hydraulic conductivity was compiled from core 

samples collected at 27 sites. For the Upper Floridan confining 

unit, values from 39 core samples at 17 sites range from 0.0002 

to 3 feet per day (ft/d). For the Lower Floridan confining unit, 

values from 10 core samples at 9 sites range from about 

0.000004 to 0.16 ft/d. Vertical hydraulic conductivity of the 

Upper Floridan aquifer was compiled from 16 core samples at 

five sites, mostly in the Brunswick, Georgia, area and values 

range from 0.00134 to 160.4 ft/d. Vertical hydraulic conductivity for the semiconfining unit separating the upper and lower 

water-bearing zones of the Upper Floridan at Brunswick, Georgia, compiled from 6 core samples at three sites ranges from 

0.000008 to 0.000134 ft/d. The vertical hydraulic conductivity 

of the Lower Floridan aquifer in a core sample from a well at 

Brunswick, Georgia, is 5.3 ft/d; this value is comparable to values for the Upper Floridan aquifer.

INTRODUCTION

Saltwater contamination is restricting the availability of 

fresh ground-water supplies in coastal Georgia and adjacent 

parts of South Carolina and Florida. The principal source of 

freshwater in the coastal area is the Upper Floridan aquifer, an 

extremely permeable, high-yielding aquifer that was first developed in the late 1800s, and has been used extensively in the area 

since. Pumping the aquifer has resulted in substantial waterlevel decline and subsequent encroachment of seawater into the 

aquifer at the northern end of Hilton Head Island, S.C.; and in 
2 Hydraulic Properties of the Floridan Aquifer System

saltwater intrusion of the aquifer from underlying brine-filled 

strata at Brunswick, Ga., and near Jacksonville, Fla.

The Coastal Sound Science Initiative is a series of scientific 

and feasibility studies to support development of the State of 

Georgia’s final strategy to protect the Upper Floridan aquifer 

from saltwater contamination (Georgia Environmental Protection Division, 1997). As part of the Coastal Sound Science Initiative, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS)—in cooperation with 

the Georgia Environmental Protection Division (GaEPD)—is 

developing numerical models to simulate ground-water flow and 

solute transport (saltwater contamination). To support this effort, 

detailed information regarding the hydraulic properties of the 

Floridan aquifer system were compiled; these data include transmissivity, storage coefficient, and vertical hydraulic conductivity.

Purpose and Scope

This report presents a compilation of existing hydraulicproperty data for the Floridan aquifer system and equivalent 

aquifer units of coastal Georgia, southeastern South Carolina, 

and northeastern Florida. Data include analysis of transmissivity at 324 wells, storage coefficient at 115 wells, and vertical 

hydraulic conductivity of 72 core samples from 27 sites. Data 

were compiled largely from the literature and from data files of 

the USGS, GaEPD, South Carolina Department of Health and 

Environmental Control (SCDHEC), South Carolina Department of Natural Resources, and the St. Johns River Water Management District. Interpretations relating hydraulic-property 

values to hydrogeologic settings were made on the basis of 

available published hydrogeologic data.

Description of Study Area

The GaEPD defines the coastal area of Georgia (fig. 1) to 

include the 6 coastal Georgia counties and 18 adjacent inland 

counties; a 24-county area of 12,240 square miles (mi2). To 

facilitate the development of ground-water models for the 

coastal area, the study area was expanded to include natural 

hydraulic boundaries that lie outside the 24-county area—an 

additional 44 counties. The 68-county area encompasses an area 

of 32,660 mi2 and includes 56 counties in southern Georgia, 

7 counties in southeastern South Carolina, and 5 counties in 

northeastern Florida.

The study area is located in the Coastal Plain physiographic 

province (Clark and Zisa, 1976). For discussions in this report, 

the Coastal Plain has been divided into the upper Coastal Plain, 

comprised of the Fall Line Hills District of Clark and Zisa 

(1976); and the lower Coastal Plain, comprised of the Vidalia 

Uplands, Bacon Terraces, and Barrier Island Sequence Districts 

of Clark and Zisa (1976). Topographic relief ranges from low in 

the lower Coastal Plain to steep in the northern Coastal Plain. 

Land-surface altitudes are as high as 100 feet (ft) in the lower 

Coastal Plain and 300 ft in the upper Coastal Plain. Land use is 

largely urban in industrial areas and cities such as Savannah and 

Brunswick; outside of these areas, land use is a mix of forest, 

grazed woodland, cropland with pasture, marsh, and swampland.

Well-Identification Systems

Wells in Georgia are identified according to a system based 

on the USGS index to topographic maps of Georgia. Each 

71⁄2-minute topographic quadrangle in the State has been given 

a number and a letter designation beginning at the southwest 

corner of the State. Numbers increase eastward and letters 

increase alphabetically northward. Quadrangles in the northern 

part of the State are designated by double letters. The letters “I,” 

“O,” “II,” and “OO” are not used. Wells inventoried in each 

quadrangle are numbered sequentially, beginning with 1. Thus, 

the fourth well inventoried in the 34H quadrangle in Glynn 

County is designated 34H004.

The SCDHEC assigns identifiers to wells on the basis of 

their location as determined by use of a latitude-longitude grid 

system. The entire State is divided into a grid matrix of 

5 minutes of latitude and 5 minutes of longitude, forming 5- by 

5-minute cells. Each cell has a corresponding number and 

uppercase letter(s), for example, 36Y. The 5-minute cells are 

further divided into a grid of twenty-five 1-minute latitude by 

1-minute longitude cells, each having a lowercase letter that 

starts with “a” and continues through “y”; for example, 36Y-e. 

Wells located within a 1-minute cell are numbered 

consecutively; for example, the first well inventoried in 36Y-e 

would be assigned the number 36Y-e1.

In addition to a SCDHEC identifier, each well in South 

Carolina is assigned a county designation by the South Carolina 

Department of Natural Resources; this consists of a three-letter 

abbreviation for the county name and a sequentially assigned 

number. For example, BAM-62 represents the sixty-second 

well that was inventoried in Bamburg County. In Florida, there 

is no uniform system employed to number wells; local well 

names or well numbers are used for identification.

Previous Studies

This report updates aquifer hydraulics data presented in 

reports for the Floridan aquifer system by Bush and Johnston 

(1988) as part of the USGS Regional Aquifer System Analysis 

(RASA) program. Bush and Johnston (1988) mapped the distribution of transmissivity of the Upper Floridan aquifer and produced a comparative evaluation of the reliability of these data 

(their plate 2) and a tabular compilation of aquifer-test data 

(their table 2). Krause and Randolph (1989) mapped horizontal 

hydraulic conductivity and transmissivity for the Upper Floridan aquifer and extrapolated these data into zones of similar 

hydraulic conductivity (their plate 7); they also presented a 

transmissivity distribution for the Upper Floridan aquifer based 

on simulation (their plate 8). Clarke and Krause (2000) described 

updates to previously calibrated ground-water flow models in 

coastal Georgia, including maps showing simulated transmissivity and leakance for the Upper and Lower Floridan aquifers.
Savannah River Site

Jefferson

Washington

Dooly Pulaski Dodge

Wilcox

Turner Ben Hill

Coffee Bacon

Glynn

Brantley

Pierce

Ware Atkinson Berrien

Cook

Tift

Lowndes

Lanier

Echols

GA

SC

GA

FL

Clinch

Charlton

Camden

Nassau

Duval

Baker Columbia

Hamilton

Irwin

Wheeler

Toombs

Tattnall

Evans

Bryan

Long

Wayne

Appling Jeff Davis

Telfair

Liberty

McIntosh

Chatham

Montgomery

Twiggs

Wilkinson

Johnson

Emanuel

Treutlen

Laurens Bleckley

Houston

Jenkins Screven

Effingham

Bulloch Candler

Burke

Allendale

Hampton

Jasper Beaufort

Colleton

Bamberg Glascock

Crisp

Barnwell

Telfair

Bulloch

A

A'

Approximate

northern limit

of Floridan 

aquifer system 

SOUTH

GEORGIA CAROLINA

FLORIDA

Upper Coastal Plain

Lower Coastal Plain

Upper Coastal 

Lower Coastal Plain

24-county coastal Georgia

area as identified by the 

Georgia Environmental 

Protection Division

Study area

 Plain

Brunswick

St Marys

Jacksonville

Naval Submarine

Base Kings Bay

Port Royal Sound

Jesup

Waycross

Valdosta

Savannah

Burton

EXPLANATION

A A' Line of hydrogeologic section—

 Shown in figure 3 

Approximate northern extent of the 

 Southeast Georgia Embayment

Approximate location of the

 Satilla Line

?

?

N

Base modified from U.S. Geological Survey 

1:200,000-scale digital line graphs. Structural 

features modified from Applied Coastal 

Research Laboratory, 2002; Weems and 

Edwards, 2001; and Kellam and Gorday, 1990. 

Northern limit of Floridan aquifer system from 

Krause and Randolph (1989). 

0

0 30 KILOMETERS

15

15

30 MILES

Introduction 3

Figure 1. Location of study area in coastal Georgia and adjacent parts of South Carolina and Florida, physiographic 

and structural features, and line of hydrogeologic section.
4 Hydraulic Properties of the Floridan Aquifer System

Brooks and others (1985) and Faye and McFadden (1986) 

presented data on hydraulic characteristics of clastic aquifer 

units that are updip equivalents to the Floridan aquifer system. 

Faye and Mayer (1996) presented maps showing model-calibrated hydraulic characteristics of equivalent clastic units. 

Clarke and West (1998) simulated ground-water flow in and 

around the Savannah River Site in South Carolina and Georgia; 

their model was based, in part, on aquifer tests performed and 

analyzed by personnel with Clemson University (Moore and 

others, 1993; Snipes and others, 1995a, b), and on transmissivity estimates derived from specific-capacity tests of wells and 

from borehole resistivity logs.

Szell (1993) provided a compilation of transmissivity and 

storage-coefficient data from analyses of aquifer tests in northeastern Florida. Aucott and Newcome (1986) and Newcome 

(1993, updated 2000) presented transmissivity and storage coefficients derived from aquifer-test analyses in the South Carolina 

Coastal Plain. Jones and Maslia (1994) compiled data from four 

large-scale aquifer tests conducted in the Brunswick area in 

Glynn County, Ga., and reanalyzed data from one test conducted 

during 1962–63 at the Hercules, Inc., wellfield at Brunswick.

Acknowledgments 

Because this study relied heavily on the works by previous 

investigators, the authors of previous USGS reports containing 

large-scale compilations of aquifer properties were consulted 

regarding their interpretations. Peter W. Bush (U.S. Geological 

Survey), and Richard E. Krause and Richard H. Johnston (both 

U.S. Geological Survey retired) discussed their work and provided helpful suggestions on the approach for this study. Roy 

Newcome (U.S. Geological Survey retired and currently [2004] 

with the South Carolina Department of Natural Resources) provided supplemental information from his published work that 

greatly enhanced the data coverage for the South Carolina part 

of the study area. Harold E. Gill and Robert E. Faye (both U.S. 

Geological Survey retired) provided a reinterpretation and 

reevaluation of the Waycross, Wayne County, Ga., aquifer test 

originally reported by Matthews and Krause (1984). Richard M. 

Spechler and Trudy G. Phelps (U.S. Geological Survey, Altamonte Springs, Fla.) and Paula F. Presley (St. Johns River 

Water Management District) provided data for northeastern 

Florida, including unpublished data from current investigations.

HYDROGEOLOGY

A comprehensive study of the hydrogeologic framework of 

the Floridan aquifer system, which includes the study area, was 

conducted as part of the USGS RASA study and presented by 

Miller (1986); the reader is referred to that publication for 

details. Other useful summaries are included in Krause and 

Randolph (1989) and Clarke and others (1990). The discussion 

that follows provides a frame of reference for the hydraulicproperty data presented herein.

Geologic Setting

Geologic strata within the Coastal Plain physiographic 

province consist of unconsolidated to consolidated layers of 

sand and clay and semiconsolidated to very dense layers of 

limestone and dolomite (Clarke and others, 1990). These 

sediments range in age from Late Cretaceous to Holocene 

(fig. 2), and unconformably overlie Paleozoic to Mesozoic 

igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks. These 

sedimentary units generally strike northeast, and dip and 

thicken to the southeast; maximum thickness is about 5,500 ft 

in Camden County, Ga. (Wait and Davis, 1986). Prominent 

structural features in the area (fig. 1), such as the Southeast 

Georgia Embayment, the Beaufort Arch, and the Gulf Trough, 

influence the thickness of sediments.

The Southeast Georgia Embayment is a shallow east-tonortheast-plunging syncline that subsided at a moderate rate 

from the Late Cretaceous until the late Cenozoic (Miller, 1986). 

The thickness of Coastal Plain deposits is greatest in the vicinity 

of the Southeast Georgia Embayment (fig. 3).

The Beaufort Arch is centered near Hilton Head Island and 

trends parallel to the coast (fig. 1). The Beaufort Arch interrupts 

the regional southward dip of the sediments in that area. Within 

the area influenced by the Beaufort Arch, Coastal Plain deposits 

thin and are present at shallower depths than in the vicinity of 

the Southeast Georgia Embayment.

The Gulf Trough (figs. 1 and 3) is a zone of relatively thick 

accumulations of fine-grained clastic sediments and argillaceous carbonates, in which permeability and thickness of 

Coastal Plain deposits decrease. In this area, ground-water flow 

is partially impeded by the juxtaposition of rocks of higher permeability updip and downdip of the trough, with those of lower 

permeability within the trough (Krause and Randolph, 1989).

In addition to the aforementioned geologic features, the 

“Satilla Line” (fig. 1) is a postulated hydrologic boundary identified by GaEPD based on a change in the configuration of the 

potentiometric surface of the Upper Floridan aquifer, and by 

linear changes depicted on aeromagnetic, aeroradioactivity, 

gravity, and isopach maps (William H. McLemore, Georgia 

Environmental Protection Division, Geologic Survey Branch, 

oral commun., 2000). This feature may have an impact on 

ground-water flow in the area; however, its geologic origin and 

nature are unknown.

Floridan Aquifer System

The principal source of water for all uses in the coastal area 

of Georgia is the Floridan aquifer system, consisting of the Upper 

and Lower Floridan aquifers (Miller, 1986; Krause and Randolph, 1989). The Floridan aquifer system (Miller, 1986) consists of carbonate rocks of mostly Paleocene to Oligocene age 

that locally include Upper Cretaceous rocks (fig. 2). Thickness 

of the Floridan aquifer system in the study area ranges from less 

than 100 ft where the aquifer system crops out in South Carolina 

to about 2,800 ft in Brunswick, Ga. (Miller, 1986). 
Lower Middle Upper

Post-Miocene

Miocene

Eocene

Oligocene

Paleocene

Upper

Cretaceous

Undifferentiated

Tiger Leap Formation

Suwannee Limestone

Ocala Limestone

Avon Park Formation

Oldsmar Formation

Cedar Keys Formation

Undifferentiated

Surficial aquifer

Confining unit Upper Floridan aquifer

FLORIDAN AQUIFER SYSTEM

FLORIDAN AQUIFER SYSTEM

Lower Floridan aquifer Fernandina 

permeable 

zone

Confining unit

Confining unit

Lazaretto Creek Formation

Parachucla Formation

Marks Head Formation

Confining unit

Lower Brunswick

 aquifer

Confining unit

Coosawhatchie Formation

Upper Brunswick

 aquifer

Ebenezer Formation

Lower Coastal Plain1

Geologic Unit2 Hydrogeologic Unit

Barnwell Group

Undifferentiated

Santee Limestone

Upper Coastal Plain3

Congaree

Formation

Geologic Unit

Snapp Formation

Ellenton Formation

(undifferentiated)

Upper Three 

Runs aquifer

Confining unit

Gordon aquifer

Hydrogeologic 

Unit

Steel Creek 

Formation

Black Creek Group

(undifferentiated)

Confining unit4

Upper Dublin 

aquifer

1Modified from Randolph and others, 1991; Clarke and Krause, 2000. 

2Modified from Randolph and others, 1991; Weems and Edwards, 2001.

3Modified from Falls and others, 1997.

4In local areas includes Millers Pond aquifer.

Confining

unit

Upper waterbearing zone

Upper 

Floridan semiconfining unit

Lower waterbearing zone

System Lower Middle Upper

Series

Savannah Brunswick

Introduction 5

Figure 2. Geologic and hydrogeologic units of the upper and lower Coastal Plain, coastal Georgia, 

and adjacent parts of South Carolina and Florida.
Upper

Floridan

aquifer

Lower

Floridan

aquifer

Confining

unit

0

NORTH AMERICAN VERTICAL DATUM OF 1988

FEET

500

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

Confining unit

Surficial aquifer FLORIDAN AQUIFER SYSTEM

Hydrogeology modified from Brooks and others, 1985; Miller, 1986

Fernandina

permeable

zone

Confining

unit

VERTICAL SCALE GREATLY EXAGGERATED

0 20 40 MILES

0 20 40 KILOMETERS

A A'

Permeable unit

?

?

?

?

Upper Three Runs

aquifer

Confining unit

Gordon aquifer

Hydrogeologic Unit

Hydrogeologic Unit

? ?

6 Hydraulic Properties of the Floridan Aquifer System

Figure 3. Hydrogeologic section of the Florida aquifer system along dip, upper to lower Coastal Plain, 

coastal Georgia (modified from Krause and Randolph, 1989). Line of section is shown in figure 1.

The Upper Floridan aquifer is highly productive and 

consists of Eocene to Oligocene limestone and dolomite 

(Clarke and others, 1990). Lithologic units comprising the 

aquifer crop out or are near land surface in the northwestern 

part of the study area (upper Coastal Plain) and near Valdosta 

in Lowndes County, Ga. (fig. 1), where the aquifer is under 

unconfined or semiconfined conditions. To the southeast 

(lower Coastal Plain), the aquifer becomes more deeply buried 

and confined. In this report, clastic sediments of the Upper 

Three Runs aquifer (Falls and others, 1997) in the upper 

Coastal Plain that are hydraulically connected to carbonate 

deposits of the lower Coastal Plain are included as part of the 

Upper Floridan aquifer (fig. 3). The transition from carbonate 

to clastic deposits generally occurs north of the Gulf Trough 

(figs. 1 and 3).

In some areas, several distinct water-bearing zones within 

the Upper Floridan aquifer have been identified. McCollum 

and Counts (1964) identified five water-bearing zones in and 

around the Savannah–Hilton Head Island area in strata that 

would later be defined as part of the Floridan aquifer system; 

the upper two zones are part of the Upper Floridan aquifer 

(Krause and Randolph, 1989). In the Brunswick–Glynn 

County, Ga., area, Wait and Gregg (1973) identified two 

distinct water-bearing zones (fig. 2) in the Upper Floridan 

aquifer (their “principal artesian aquifer”) and estimated that 

about 70 percent of the total flow from wells open to both zones 
Hydrologic-Property Data 7

was coming from the upper zone. In Beaufort County, S.C., the 

term middle Floridan is used by the State of South Carolina 

(Ransom and White, 1999) for a water-bearing zone 

approximately 250–550 ft below land surface. For the purposes 

of this study, this zone is placed in the lowermost part of the 

Upper Floridan aquifer (W.F. Falls, U.S. Geological Survey, 

written commun., 2002; and J.A. Gellici, South Carolina 

Department of Natural Resources, written commun., 2002).

The Upper Floridan aquifer is overlain by Oligocene layers 

of silty clay and dense phosphatic dolomite that confine and 

separate the aquifer from overlying permeable units of the 

Brunswick aquifer system (Clarke, 2003). The Upper Floridan 

aquifer is underlain by a confining unit of dense, recrystallized 

limestone and dolomite of the middle to upper Eocene that 

hydraulically separate the aquifer to varying degrees from the 

Lower Floridan aquifer (fig. 2). Locally in the Brunswick, Ga., 

area, the confining unit is breached by fractures or solution 

openings that enhance the vertical exchange of water between 

the Upper and Lower Floridan aquifers (Krause and Randolph, 

1989) and affect the storage properties of the aquifers.

The Lower Floridan aquifer is composed mainly of lower 

and middle Eocene dolomitic limestone; but at Brunswick, Ga., 

the aquifer includes highly permeable Paleocene and Late 

Cretaceous limestone (Krause and Randolph, 1989). In the 

upper Coastal Plain, the clastic Gordon aquifer (Brooks and 

others, 1985; Falls and others, 1997) is an updip equivalent unit 

that is hydraulically connected to the Lower Floridan aquifer 

(figs. 2 and 3). In some earlier publications (i.e., Counts and 

Donsky, 1963), stratigraphic units (such as the Tallahatta or 

Lisbon Formations) or an age term (such as Claibornian, as used 

in Faye and McFadden, 1986) correlate with the Lower Floridan 

aquifer or its equivalent clastic aquifers. Such nomenclature, 

though no longer used by the USGS, is shown in some of the 

references in Appendix A.

The Lower Floridan aquifer includes several water-bearing 

zones in parts of the study area. In the Savannah–Hilton Head 

area, the lowermost water-bearing zone of McCollum and 

Counts (1964) is included in the Lower Floridan aquifer 

(W.F. Falls, U.S. Geological Survey, written commun., 2003). 

In southeastern South Carolina, Paleocene and lower Eocene 

units can contain permeable beds, and production wells in this 

area are screened in these zones together with the overlying 

Santee Limestone (Newcome, 1993, 2000). In this report, these 

productive zones, together with the Santee Limestone, are 

considered to be part of the Lower Floridan aquifer. In 

southeastern Georgia and northeastern Florida, the Lower 

Floridan includes a deeply buried and highly transmissive, 

saline water-bearing unit known as the Fernandina permeable 

zone (Krause and Randolph, 1989). This unit is the probable 

source of saltwater contamination in the Upper and Lower 

Floridan aquifers at Brunswick, Ga., and Jacksonville, Fla. 

(Krause and Randolph, 1989).

HYDROLOGIC-PROPERTY DATA

Hydraulic conductivity, transmissivity, and storage 

coefficient are terms used to describe and quantify the capacity 

of the materials composing aquifers and confining units to 

transmit and store water. Detailed discussions of these terms 

can be found in Lohman (1972) and Heath (1983). 

Hydraulic properties compiled and presented herein were 

derived from a variety of sources including published reports, 

files of the USGS in Atlanta, Ga., and the USGS Ground-Water 

Site Inventory (GWSI) database. The GWSI database and 

USGS files contain USGS-approved aquifer-test results including most of the data reported by Bush and Johnston (1988) for 

Georgia. Where possible, a published reference for these test 

results is used rather than citing the USGS files, although in a 

few instances, the latter was the only source available. Literature from 1944 through 2003 was included in this compilation.

Transmissivity and Storage Coefficient

The preferred source of transmissivity data compiled herein 

was from multiple-well aquifer tests, followed by single-well 

aquifer tests. Transmissivity estimates derived from specificcapacity data and reported by previous investigators also are 

included; however, these data should be given less credence 

than data derived from aquifer tests in areas where both types of 

data exist. Transmissivity derived from multiple-well aquifer 

tests are more representative of field conditions than estimates 

derived from single-well aquifer tests (specific-capacity) 

because they reflect measurement of a larger volume of aquifer 

material. In this report, transmissivities reported by previous 

investigators are rounded to one significant figure.

The reliability of specific-capacity data for transmissivity 

estimates is influenced by a variety of factors (Heath, 1983) 

including: (1) transmissivity of the zone supplying water to the 

well (which may be less than the transmissivity of the aquifer); 

(2) the storage coefficient of the aquifer; (3) the pumping 

period; (4) the effective radius of the well; and (5) the pumping 

rate. As the well efficiency approaches 100 percent, the more 

specific capacity is reflective of aquifer transmissivity. Generally, well efficiency is considerably less than 100 percent in 

screened wells and is higher, approaching 100 percent in some 

open-hole wells. Thus, specific-capacity estimates in open-hole 

wells may be considered closer to actual aquifer transmissivity, 

whereas values derived in screened wells (such as in areas 

where the Floridan aquifer system is clastic) may be considered 

lower or minimum values of transmissivity.

Faye and Smith (1994) used formation resistivity derived 

from borehole geophysical logs to estimate hydraulic conductivity. These estimates then can be converted to transmissivity 

by multiplying by the aquifer thickness. This approach was used 

to provide transmissivity estimates for numerical simulation of 

ground-water flow near the Savannah River Site (Clarke and 

West, 1998), in the northwestern part of the study area.
8 Hydraulic Properties of the Floridan Aquifer System

The methods of aquifer-test analysis or other methods used 

to estimate transmissivity are provided in Appendix A in order 

to qualify the estimates and the level of data reliability. Aquifertest analyses are categorized as nonleaky (Theis, 1935) or leaky 

(Hantush, 1960; Hantush and Jacob, 1955). Bush and Johnston 

(1988) noted that single-well tests may yield questionable transmissivity values when compared to those based on multiplewell tests. Consequently, the nonequilibrium, nonleaky analyses 

are further divided into Theis (1935) for multiple-well tests and 

Cooper and Jacob (1946) for single-well tests to provide a qualitative division of the derived estimates of transmissivity. The 

nonequilibrium, nonleaky analysis methods of Theis (1935) and 

(or) the modified nonequilibrium analytical solution of Cooper 

and Jacob (1946) are (by a large margin) the most commonly 

used for tests conducted in the study area. In some older publications, the analysis method is not specified. In these instances, 

the most likely analysis method employed (based on the year of 

test analysis) is listed in Appendix A followed by a question 

mark. For aquifer tests that have both drawdown and recovery 

data and analysis, the transmissivity and storage coefficient 

entries listed in Appendix A generally are those computed from 

the drawdown data, unless otherwise noted. Estimates for both 

transmissivity and storage coefficient computed from recovery 

data are listed in the “Remarks” section of Appendix A.

In the Brunswick area, some selectivity was applied for aquifer-test results presented in this report. Maslia and Prowell 

(1990) concluded that some earlier aquifer-test analyses 

resulted in overestimation of transmissivity by not considering 

the upward vertical leakage to wells from lower water-bearing 

zones, a condition that has been documented in the area (Wait 

and Gregg, 1973). Additionally, it is possible that overestimation of pumpage may be a factor in overestimation of transmissivity for some of the recovery tests that involved cessation of 

pumping at industrial wellfields in the area (L.E. Jones, U.S. 

Geological Survey, written commun., 1993, 2002). As such, 

aquifer-test results presented in Jones and Maslia (1994) are 

listed for the Brunswick area; earlier aquifer-test results were 

included only if they were consistent with results presented by 

Jones and Maslia (1994).

Vertical Hydraulic Conductivity

Estimates of vertical hydraulic conductivity were based on 

laboratory analyses of undisturbed core samples. Data include 

samples from the Upper Floridan and Lower Floridan aquifers 

and the overlying confining units. In publications in which laboratory analyses of cores are presented, some depth intervals are 

given without assigning the laboratory result to a specific hydrogeologic unit. For these cases, depth intervals were assigned to a 

specific hydrogeologic unit during this study on the basis of correlating the altitude of the sampled interval with maps showing 

the altitude of tops of hydrogeologic units as described and 

mapped by Miller (1986) and Clarke and others (1990).

Laboratory analyses of core samples are limited by (1) very 

small sample size relative to field conditions, and (2) bias 

toward more competent rock samples because core from 

fractured, solution-riddled, and friable rocks typically are only 

partially recovered or not recovered at all. Because of these 

limitations, core data may not be comparable to field tests, and 

results of core analyses may be biased toward the lower values 

that reflect matrix permeability rather than secondary 

permeability features.

Aquifer-Test Data Qualifiers

To help the reader evaluate the quality of aquifer-test results, 

qualifiers provided for analyses by Newcome (1993, 2000) and 

Jones and Maslia (1994) are listed in Appendix A. Newcome 

(1993, 2000) rated aquifer test results as follows: 

• E (Excellent) – Drawdown and recovery plots agree 

closely, or if data for only one plot is available, the plot 

provides a definitive value for transmissivity. Boundaries,

if any, appear near to the same time on drawdown and 

recovery plots. Specific capacity is believable (well efficiency equal to or less than 100 percent). No unexplainable extraneous effects. Discharge effectively constant.

• G (Good) – Narrow range in possible solutions for transmissivity. Discharge held reasonably constant. If drawdown and recovery plots do not agree closely, then the 

reason is apparent. Specific capacity is believable. Few 

unexplainable extraneous effects.

• F (Fair) – Plot of data for one phase of test may be 

clear but is unclear during other phases, or where only 

one plot is available, there may be substantially different 

possible interpretations. Discharge may have been 

poorly controlled.

• P (Poor) – Plot(s) difficult to interpret or drawdown and 

recovery do not agree reasonably well. Extraneous effects 

distort plots. Discharge not held constant. Discharge substantially increased or decreased near end of test, so 

recovery cannot be analyzed properly. There may be a 

substantial range in possible interpretations of the plots.

It should be noted that the Newcome (1993, 2000) rating system 

reflects not only the operational quality of an aquifer test, but 

also may be an indication of field conditions that do not fit the 

assumptions inherent in the analytical method. 

Jones and Maslia (1994) rated aquifer-test results based on the 

fit of the drawdown or recovery curve to published type curves. 

Their definitions are as follows:

• Excellent – all data points closely match the type curve.

• Good – one or two data points fall off the type curve.

• Fair – more than two data points fall off the type curve, 

making determination of unique match-point values 

questionable.

Where applicable, the Newcome (1993, 2000) and Jones and 

Maslia (1994) qualifiers are included in the “Remarks” section 

of Appendix A.
Hydraulic Properties of the Floridan Aquifer System 9

HYDRAULIC PROPERTIES OF THE 

FLORIDAN AQUIFER SYSTEM

Boxplots summarizing transmissivity data from 239 Upper 

Floridan wells, 53 Lower Floridan wells, and 32 multi-aquifer 

wells completed in both the Upper and Lower Floridan aquifers 

in Duval County, Fla., are shown in figure 4; these data are listed 

in Appendix A. The boxplots indicate that reported transmissivity of the Upper Floridan is considerably higher than that for the 

Lower Floridan aquifer in the study area and that multi-aquifer 

wells completed in the Upper and Lower Floridan aquifers 

show transmissivities comparable to the Upper Floridan. Storage-coefficient data are limited to 115 wells, of which 106 are 

for the Upper Floridan, 3 are for the Lower Floridan, and 6 are 

for multi-aquifer wells completed in the Upper and Lower 

Floridan aquifers. The following sections describe the distribution of hydraulic properties by hydrogeologic unit.

Upper Floridan Aquifer and 

Equivalent Clastic Units

Hydraulic properties of the Upper Floridan aquifer vary 

greatly in the study area, due to the heterogeneity (and locally 

to anisotropy) of the aquifer and to the confinement (or lack 

thereof) provided by confining units (Krause and Randolph, 

1989, p. 24–25). A characteristic of the Floridan aquifer system, 

especially the Upper Floridan aquifer, is that in many places, 

zones of very high hydraulic conductivity exist within relatively 

small portions of the aquifer. For example, borehole flowmeter 

tests conducted at Waycross, Ga. (Matthews and Krause, 1984), 

indicate high permeability zones at depths below land surface of 

1,070–1,090 ft (240 gallons per minute [gal/min]), 750–900 ft 

(500 gal/min), and 635–750 ft (1,100 gal/min) that are separated 

by zones of lower permeability.

Maps showing the distribution of transmissivity and storagecoefficient data for the Upper Floridan aquifer based on data 

listed in Appendix A are shown in figures 5 and 6, respectively. 

Transmissivity of the Upper Floridan aquifer and equivalent 

clastic units ranges from 530 ft2

/d at well 27JJ-i10 in Beaufort 

County, S.C., to 600,000 ft2

/d at well 23L004 in Coffee County, 

Ga. (Appendix A). At Waycross, Ware County, Georgia, estimated transmissivity of the Upper Floridan aquifer at well 

27G004 ranges from 150,000 to 1,000,000 ft2

/d, with the larger 

value originally reported by Matthews and Krause (1984). 

Analysis of the Waycross aquifer test that produced the larger 

value of transmissivity may have been complicated by an oscillatory water-level response, resulting in an underrepresentation 

of drawdown and an overprediction of transmissivity. A reanalysis of these data, using a van der Kamp analysis (see Kruseman 

and de Ritter, 1994) to eliminate the oscillatory water-level 

response, indicates that the transmissivity could be as low as 

150,000 ft2

/d (R.E. Faye, U.S. Geological Survey retired, 

written commun., 2002).

In Upper Floridan aquifer carbonate rocks of the lower 

Coastal Plain, the transmissivity is greater than 20,000 ft2

/d 

over a large area, with values exceeding 100,000 ft2

/d in the 

southeastern and southwestern parts of the study area (figs. 5a 

and 5b). High transmissivity in the southeastern part of the 

study area generally coincides with the area of greatest aquifer 

thickness (see thickness maps by Miller, 1986). Transmissivity 

of the Upper Floridan aquifer is lowest north of the Gulf Trough 

where the aquifer is thin and consists of largely clastic sediments, and along the Gulf Trough, where low-permeability 

rocks and sediments were deposited. In the northeastern part of 

study area (Burke and Screven Counties, Ga., and Hampton 

County, S.C.), reported transmissivity of the Upper Floridan 

and Upper Three Runs aquifers (Appendix A) generally is less 

than 10,000 ft2

/d, ranging from 840 ft2/d in northern Burke 

County, Ga., to 13,000 ft2

/d in Screven County, Ga. (fig. 5a). In 

the area of the Gulf Trough, transmissivity of the Upper Floridan aquifer is less than 10,000 ft2

/d, ranging from 1,700 ft2/d at 

well 19K005 in Berrien County, Ga., to 7,900 ft2/d in well 

24P006 in Telfair County, Ga.

Large variability in the range of transmissivity where the 

Upper Floridan aquifer is largely carbonate may indicate the 

influence of fractures or solution openings and related anisotropic distribution of hydraulic properties. For example, reported 

transmissivity of the Upper Floridan aquifer in (1) Camden 

County, Ga., ranges from 19,000 ft2/d at well 33D013 to 

130,000 ft2/d at well 33E027, located about 5 miles (mi) apart; 

(2) Nassau County, Fla., ranges from about 30,000 ft2

/d in the 

vicinity of well Nassau 1 to about 170,000 ft2/d in the vicinity 

of well 33DN20, about 1 mi apart; (3) Glynn County, Ga., 

ranges from 23,000 ft2/d at well 34H344, to 160,000 ft2

/d at 

well 34H097, about 2 mi apart; and (4) Beaufort County, S.C., 

ranges from 530 ft2/d at well 27JJ-i10 to 110,000 ft2

/d at well 

27KK-f23, about 3 mi apart (Appendix A, fig. 5a,b). Given that 

differences in aquifer thickness should be minimal over such 

short distances in each area, the wide range in transmissivity 

may be the result of differences in the distribution of fractures or 

solution openings within the aquifer. 

Possible presence of structural features that could impact 

the distribution of solution features in the Upper Floridan 

aquifer were reported in the Brunswick, Glynn County, Ga., 

area by Maslia and Prowell (1990) and in northeastern Florida 

(including Duval County) by Leve (1966, 1983). Because 

Camden County, Ga., is midway between Glynn and Duval 

Counties, it is possible that similar structural features are present 

in that area; however, presence of such features has not been 

documented. In Beaufort County, S.C., uplift in the vicinity of 

the Beaufort Arch (fig. 1) may have induced greater dissolution 

in the Upper Floridan aquifer in that area and, thus, account for 

some of the large variation in aquifer transmissivity. In addition 

to structural influences, it is possible that some of the variability 

in aquifer transmissivity results from differences in test 

conditions or analytical method.
1,000,000

100,000

10,000

1,000

100

TRANSMISSIVITY, IN

FEET SQUARED PER DAY

Upper Floridan

aquifer

Upper

and Lower

Floridan

aquifers

Lower Floridan

aquifer

NUMBER OF VALUES

239 53 32

EXPLANATION

75th Percentile

25th Percentile

50th Percentile

90th Percentile

10th Percentile

10 Hydraulic Properties of the Floridan Aquifer System

Figure 4. Boxplot showing transmissivity of the Upper and Lower 

Floridan aquifers in the study area in coastal Georgia and parts of 

South Carolina and Florida, and at multi-aquifer wells completed in 

the Upper and Lower Floridan aquifers, Duval County, Florida.

Previous studies by Maslia (1987) and Warner and Aulenbach 

(1999) have shown that the Upper Floridan aquifer is anisotropic 

in parts of the study area. The Maslia (1987) study indicated that 

the Upper Floridan aquifer is anisotropic at Brunswick and Jesup, 

Ga., with the principal axis of the transmissivity tensor oriented 

north-northeast. The degree of anisotropy is greater at Brunswick 

than at Jesup, and there is greater variability between local- and 

regional-scale tests at Brunswick than at Jesup. Local-scale tests 

are defined as tests conducted using a single pumping well and 

one or more observation wells; regional-scale tests are defined as 

those involving several pumping wells (such as those that might 

be present at an industrial wellfield) and several observation 

wells. Regional-scale tests encompass a larger area than localscale tests and, thus, are representative of a larger volume of 

aquifer material. Maslia (1987) attributed greater anisotropy and 

variability between local- and regional-scale tests at Brunswick 

to preferential flow along vertical solution channels associated 

with high-angle reverse faults and fractures similar to those

described by Prowell (1985). Maslia (1987) also indicated that 

because of the large variation between results derived from 

regional- and local-scale tests at Brunswick, local-scale aquifer 

tests “should not be extrapolated for use in regional aquifer analyses.” Warner and Aulenbach (1999) reported that the Upper 

Floridan aquifer is anisotropic at St Marys, Ga., with the principal axis of anisotropy oriented north-northeast, as was reported 

for Brunswick and Jesup, Ga.

At Savannah, Ga., Warner and Aulenbach (1999) reported 

that the Upper Floridan aquifer generally is isotropic with an 

anisotropy ratio of 1.2:1. The isotropic distribution of hydraulic 

properties is demonstrated by reported transmissivities at aquifer-test sites in the Savannah area. In 12 of the 13 tests reported 

in Chatham County, Ga., the transmissivity ranges from 20,000 

to 46,000 ft2

/d, with a higher transmissivity of 80,000 ft2/d 

reported at well 38Q115 (Appendix A, fig. 5b).

Storage coefficient of the Upper Floridan aquifer (Appendix 

A, fig. 6a–d) ranges from about 0.00004 at well 27HH-o3 in 

Beaufort County, S.C., to 0.04 at “Well 1” in Baker County, Fla. 

The latter storage coefficient is higher than the range for a typical confined aquifer (0.0001 to 0.001, Heath, 1983). Higher 

storage coefficients normally would be expected in updip areas 

(western and northern parts of the study area) where the aquifer 

is semiconfined or unconfined, and lower storage coefficients 

would be expected in downdip areas where the aquifer is more 

tightly confined. In parts of the study area, however, high storage coefficients have been reported in some downdip areas 

where the Upper Floridan aquifer is deeply buried and confined. 

In the Brunswick, Ga., area (fig. 6c), the wide range of storage 

coefficient values were attributed either to pumping interferences during testing or to vertical leakage upward from deeper 

zones (Jones and Maslia, 1994).

Lower Floridan Aquifer and 

Equivalent Clastic Units

Transmissivity of the Lower Floridan aquifer and equivalent 

clastic units ranges from about 170 ft2/d at well 38Y-h6 in Barnwell County, S.C., to about 43,000 ft2/d at well 33E039 in Camden County, Ga. (Appendix A, fig. 7). In northern areas where 

the aquifer is comprised largely of clastic sediments (Gordon 

aquifer, fig. 2), transmissivity ranges from 170 to 15,000 ft2/d 

with a median of 3,500 ft2/d. In areas where the aquifer is 

largely carbonate, transmissivity ranges from 500 to 43,000 ft2/

d, with a median of 2,900 ft2/d. 

Although no aquifer tests were conducted in wells completed 

solely in the Lower Floridan aquifer in northeastern Florida, it is 

likely that transmissivity of the aquifer is high—possibly exceeding 100,000 ft2/d. Krause and Randolph (1989) stated that the 

transmissivity of the Lower Floridan aquifer in the vicinity of 

Jacksonville, Fla., may be as high as 400,000 ft2/d, but added 

that their transmissivity estimates for the Lower Floridan aquifer are qualitative and primarily based on thickness and estimates of permeability from geophysical well logs. An estimate 

of the transmissivity of the Lower Floridan aquifer in northeastern Florida can be obtained from tests conducted in multi-aquifer production wells in Duval County, Fla., that are open to the 

entire thickness of the Upper Floridan aquifer and a high-permeability freshwater zone at the top of the Lower Floridan aquifer 

(Spechler, 1994). Such multi-aquifer wells are designated as 

“UF, LF” in Appendix A. Spechler (1994) stated, “Although 

the relative contribution of water from each zone cannot be 

determined, multi-aquifer wells probably derive much of their 

yield from the upper zone of the Lower Floridan aquifer.” 
Table 1. Vertical hydraulic conductivity of the Floridan aquifer system, coastal Georgia, and adjacent parts of South Carolina and Florida.[ft, feet; ft/d, feet per day; °, degrees; ', minutes; ", seconds; do., ditto; ?, uncertain; —, depth of sample not reported. State: GA, Georgia; SC, South Carolina. Hydrologic unit: L

confining unit; UFA, Upper Florida aquifer; UFC, Upper Floridan aquifer confining unit; UFSC, Upper Florida aquifer semiconfining unit; LFA, Lower Floridan aquifer; hydrolo

parentheses designate equivalent clastic unit]

State County Well identifier Latitude Longitude

Depth below land surface

Vertical 

hydraulic conductivity (ft/d) Source of data Hydrologic unit 

Top of test interval (ft) Bottom of test interval (ft)

GA Burke 32Y020 33°03'53" 81°43'15" 305.5 306 0.000330 Leeth and others (1996) (LFC)

do. Chatham 36R006 32°07'59" 81°11'03" 802 803 .00535 Counts and Donsky (1963) UFAdo. do. do. do. do. 1,025 1,026 .000668 do. LFCdo. do. 38P015 31°58'26" 80°59'54" 211 214 .0008 Furlow (1969) UFC Chalky limesdo. do. do. do. do. 226 241 .004 do. do. do.do. Glynn 33H115 31°10'34" 81°30'56" 615 635 .67 Wait (1965) UFA Fossiliferous do. do. do. do. do. 708 712 21.39 do. do. do.do. do. do. do. do. 800 812 .00134 do. do. do.do. do. do. do. do. 900 912 .000134 do. UFSC Dolomitic limdo. do. 34H132 31°10'20" 81°29'52" 519 539 .936 do. UFA Fossiliferous do. do. do. do. do. 560 580 1.2032 do. do. do.do. do. do. do. do. 642 662 6.6845 do. do. do.do. do. do. do. do. 682 702 18.72 do. do. do.do. do. do. do. do. 744 765 .4011 do. do. do.do. do. do. do. do. 867 888 .02674 do. do. Dolomitic limdo. do. do. do. do. 970 990 .04011 do. do. do.do. do. do. do. do. 1,046 1,051 .000013 do. UFSC Dolomitic lim

separating t

ing zones o

do. do. do. do. do. 1,053 1,065 .00004 do. do. do.do. do. do. do. do. 1,072 1,084 .000054 do. do. do.do. do. do. do. do. 1,134 1,154 .000267 do. do. do.do. do. 34H337 31°08'24" 81°29'42" 547 567 .0107 Wait and Gregg (1973) UFC Miocene unit do. do. do. do. do. 567 587 .4 do. UFA Sandy limestdo. do. do. do. do. 587 607 160.4 do. do. Upper Eocendo. do. do. do. do. 678 698 120 do. do. do.do. do. do. do. do. 779 799 6.68 do. do. Upper Eocen
GA Glynn 34H337 31°08'24" 81°29'42" 935 954 0.000008 Wait and Gregg (1973) UFSC Probably sem

upper and loUpper Flori

do. do. do. do. do. 1,088 1,105 .000004 do. LFC Included in W

interval, but 

ing unit do. do. do. do. do. 1,490 1,503 5.3 do. LFA Lower Eocen

SC Barnwell BW-243 33°12'09" 81°34'40" 238 238 .16 Bledsoe (1988) LFC do. do. BW-246 33°12'55" 81°37'27" 172 172 .0012 do. do. do. do. do. do. do. 258 258 .034 do. do.

do. do. BW-308 33°18'42" 81°36'22" 136 136 .566 do. (UFA)do. do. do. do. do. 169 169 .12735 do. LFCdo. do. BW-314 33°11'28" 81°30'47" 141 141 .00037 do. UFCdo. do. do. do. do. 62 62 .00048 do. do.do. do. BW-316 33°10'57" 81°40'43" 98 98 .00037 do. LFCdo. do. BW-335 33°08'48" 81°36'27" 161 161 .0019 do. UFCdo. do. BW-375 33°16'30" 81°34'25" 210.5 211 .00257 do. do.do. do. BW-379 33°12'38" 81°39'26" 167.5 168 .00022 do. LFCdo. do. BW-391 33°15'10" 81°40'21" 262 262 .04 do. do.do. Beaufort BFT-1672 32°15'30" 80°39'34" — — .0056 Smith (1994) UFCdo. do. do. do. do. — — .0056 do. do.do. do. do. do. do. — — .0141 do. do.do. do. do. do. do. — — .0721 do. do.do. BFT-1674 32°16'36" 80°42'46" — — .01082 do. do.do. do. do. do. do. — — .00852 do. do.do. do. do. do. do. — — .22948 do. do.do. do. do. do. do. — — .000557 do. do.do. do. BFT-1675 32°11'15" 80°40'16" — — .00279 do. do.do. do. do. do. do. — — 0.005570 do. do.

Table 1. Vertical hydraulic conductivity of the Floridan aquifer system, coastal Georgia, and adjacent parts of South Carolina and Florida.[ft, feet; ft/d, feet per day; °, degrees; ', minutes; ", seconds; do., ditto; ?, uncertain; —, depth of sample not reported. State: GA, Georgia; SC, South Carolina. Hydrologic unit: L

confining unit; UFA, Upper Florida aquifer; UFC, Upper Floridan aquifer confining unit; UFSC, Upper Florida aquifer semiconfining unit; LFA, Lower Floridan aquifer; hydrolo

parentheses designate equivalent clastic unit]

State County Well identifier Latitude Longitude

Depth below land surface

Vertical 

hydraulic conductivity (ft/d) Source of data Hydrologic unit 

Top of test interval (ft) Bottom of test interval (ft)
SC Beaufort BFT-1676 32°14'40" 80°40'25" — — .00279 Smith (1994) UFC

do. do. do. do. do. — — 3.01896 do. do.do. do. do. do. do. — — .032786 do. do.do. do. do. do. do. — — .00557 do. do.do. do. BFT-1677 32°17'38" 80°42'03" — — .008525 do. do.do. do. do. do. do. — — .001213 do. do.do. do. BFT-1679 32°12'42" 80°37'40" — — .000426 do. do.do. do. do. do. do. — — .426229 do. do.do. do. do. do. do. — — .006229 do. do.do. do. BFT-1680 32°17'16" 80°39'49" — — .002787 do. do.do. do. do. do. do. — — .008525 do. do.do. do. do. do. do. — — .2 do. do.do. do. do. do. do. — — .2 do. do.do. do. BFT-1809 32°16'03" 80°43'22" — — .003082 do. do.do. do. do. do. do. — — .003934 do. do.do. do. BFT-2249 32°04'02" 80°44'41" 52.4 52.8 .000252 Geotechnics, Laboratory Test 

Report, Project No. 2000-228-

01, 22 p., September 5, 2000

do.

do. do. do. do. do. 67.5 68 .000232 do. do.do. do. BFT-2250 32°04'07" 80°40'42" 78.15 78.65 .000249 do. do.do. do. BFT-2295 32°04'14" 80°42'55" 43.5 43.9 .006521 Geotechnics, Laboratory Test 

Report, Project No. 2001-225-

01, 29 p., August 29, 2001

UFC(?) Coarse-graine

do. do. BFT-2297 32°09'18" 80°49'08" 36.3 36.8 .48195 do. UFC(?) Unconfined sdo. do. do. do. do. 56.8 57.3 .000539 do. UFC(?) Fine-grained do. do. do. do. do. 72.3 72.8 .000454 do. UFC(?) Fine-grained 

Table 1. Vertical hydraulic conductivity of the Floridan aquifer system, coastal Georgia, and adjacent parts of South Carolina and Florida.[ft, feet; ft/d, feet per day; °, degrees; ', minutes; ", seconds; do., ditto; ?, uncertain; —, depth of sample not reported. State: GA, Georgia; SC, South Carolina. Hydrologic unit: L

confining unit; UFA, Upper Florida aquifer; UFC, Upper Floridan aquifer confining unit; UFSC, Upper Florida aquifer semiconfining unit; LFA, Lower Floridan aquifer; hydrolo

parentheses designate equivalent clastic unit]

State County Well identifier Latitude Longitude

Depth below land surface

Vertical 

hydraulic conductivity (ft/d) Source of data Hydrologic unit 

Top of test interval (ft) Bottom of test interval (ft)
0

0 30 KILOMETERS

15

15

30 MILES

Base modified from U.S. Geological 

Survey 1:2,000,000-scale digital data

N

500 to 1,000

1,000 to 10,000

10,000 to 50,000

50,000 to 100,000

100,000 to 600,000

Transmissivity, in feet

 squared per day

EXPLANATION

Estimated from 

 150,000 to 1,000,000

 (Ware County only)

Washington

Dooly Pulaski Dodge

Wilcox

Turner

Ben Hill

Coffee Bacon

Pierce

Ware

Atkinson Berrien

Cook

Tift

Lowndes

Lanier

Echols

GA

SC

GA

FL

Clinch

Charlton

Camden

Nassau

Duval

Baker

Columbia

Hamilton

Irwin

Wheeler

Toombs

Tattnall

Evans Bryan

Long

Wayne

Appling

Jeff Davis

Telfair

Liberty

McIntosh

Chatham

Montgomery

Twiggs

Wilkinson

Johnson

Emanuel

Treutlen

Laurens Bleckley

Houston

Jenkins

Screven

Effingham

Bulloch

Burke

Barnwell

Allendale

Hampton

Jasper

Beaufort

Colleton

Bamberg Glascock

Crisp

Glynn

Brantley

Candler

Jefferson

Approximate

northern limit

of Floridan

aquifer system 

5903,5901

5706

PW-1

YO-1

MR-2

M501

M502

33D069

33E007

Well 2 Well 2 (JEA San Pablo)

(JEA Briarwood)

Well 1

23R001

22Q004

31M014

31M013

31M010

31L001

30L003

30K004

27G004

26R003

26R001

18K001

24P008

24P006

22Q003

22Q001 29Q001

28Q002

33X052

32W015

32U018

25R002

19F101

33M004 34M090

34M052

34M051

34M019

33N001

20L003

36S022

36S004

34R043

18H033

18H016 18G018

23L004

23L002

29T011

29T010

33E040 33E027

33D013

30Z022

32T013

31T028

31T027

31T025

31T010

35P110

20K002

20G009

19K005

19H026

20M003 20M002

19M001

26L004

26L001

27N004 27N003

27N001

33X053

33X051

33DN20

Well 15

33EE-v3

33CC-p3

33CC-p2

NASSAU1

DUVAL12

32CC-l15

East Well

Well 5801

Well D101 +011436008

ONF #2, Floridan

Lake City Well No. 2

31M009 34M021

18H005

18H002

31T024

27P002

27P001

17K062

30R002

30R001

33EE-f2 33EE-c4

20H003

See Fig 5b

See Fig 5b

See Fig 5b

36S027

36S026

36S025

See 

Fig 5b

35T003

14 Hydraulic Property of the Floridan Aquifer System

Figure 5a. Transmissivity of the Upper Floridan aquifer and equivalent clastic units in coastal Georgia 

and adjacent parts of South Carolina and Florida.
500 to 1,000

1,000 to 10,000

10,000 to 50,000

50,000 to 100,000

100,000 to 600,000

Transmissivity, in feet

 squared per day

EXPLANATION

GA

SC

0

0 5 10 KILOMETERS

0 5 10 MILES

0 5 10 KILOMETERS

0 5 10 MILES

Base modified from U.S. Geological 

Survey 1:2,000,000-scale digital data

N

N

0 1

1 2 KILOMETERS

2 MILES

GLYNN

CHATHAM

JASPER BEAUFORT

N

Brunswick

32GG-n2

32GG-n1

31GG-x5

31GG-p5

31GG-o3

32HH-s2

31HH-m3

31HH-b3

30HH-o1

28GG-x1

27HH-o3 27HH-n9

28GG-a10

28HH-k12

28HH-t2

27II-l5 26II-s5

28HH-t7 25HH-p6

26II-l3

25II-e4

25HH-p12

27II-l30

25HH-p17

29II-o1

29II-y2

27KK-q5

27KK-h1

24JJ-c1

29JJ-e11

26II-w16

30JJ-l1

27KK-m46

27KK-l12

27JJ-i9

27JJ-i10

31JJ-t1 30JJ-m1

30JJ-t2

30JJ-n1

30JJ-k1

29KK-a3

27LL-d2

27KK-x8

27KK-j5

27KK-h4

27KK-g1

27JJ-q2

27JJ-i4

29II-s5

28JJ-n2

28JJ-m7

28JJ-h5

28JJ-f4

28JJ-e8

28JJ-y2,28JJ-y3 28KK-e1

29JJ-v3

29JJ-v2

29JJ-q2

28KK-d6

28KK-c1

27KK-f23

27KK-f22 28JJ-y4

27KK-n15

27KK-o10

27LL-e12

27LL-e11

29JJ-o3 29JJ-m2 29JJ-l5

29JJ-d6

28JJ-p5

29LL-l2

29LL-l1

29LL-j4

29LL-k6

29LL-s1

37Q016

36Q008

36Q331

37R001

37Q185

37Q049 37Q018

37Q010

36R037

36R010

36Q030

36Q002

35H042

35H037

35H012

34J009

34H328

34H205

34G017

33H078

33H052

33H036

32J002

32H026

32H024

34J001

38Q115

33H003

34G013

34H469

34H449 34H427

34H425

34H401

34H392

34H374

34H344

34H133 34H132

34H085

34H078

34H062 33H133

33H100

34H424

34H412

34H371

34H125

34H100

34H097

34H076

Hydraulic Properties of the Floridan Aquifer System 15

Figure 5b. Transmissivity of the Upper Floridan aquifer in Chatham and Glynn Counties, Georgia, 

and Beaufort and Jasper Counties, South Carolina.
0

0 30 KILOMETERS

15

15

30 MILES

Base modified from 

U.S. Geological Survey

1:2,000,000-scale digital data

N

Well 1

33EE-c4

32CC-i15

31M014

31M013

31M009

31L001

30K004

30L003 33M004 34M090

34M052

34M051

34M019

18H003

31T025

31T027

31T028

20M002

011436008

ONF #2, Floridan

Lake City Well No. 2

See Fig 6c

See Fig 6d

See Fig 6d

See Fig 6d

See Fig 6b

31M010

34M021

Jefferson

Washington

Dooly Pulaski Dodge

Wilcox

Turner

Ben Hill

Coffee Bacon

Glynn

Brantley

Pierce

Ware

Atkinson Berrien

Cook

Tift

Lowndes

Lanier

Echols

GA

SC

GA

FL

Clinch

Charlton

Camden

Nassau

Duval

Baker

Columbia

Hamilton

Irwin

Wheeler

Toombs

Tattnall

Evans

Bryan

Long

Wayne

Appling Jeff Davis

Telfair

Liberty

McIntosh

Chatham

Montgomery

Twiggs

Wilkinson Johnson

Emanuel

Treutlen

Laurens Bleckley

Houston

Jenkins Screven

Effingham

Bulloch

Candler

Burke

Barnwell

Allendale

Hampton

Jasper

Beaufort

Colleton

Bamberg Glascock

Crisp

Storage coefficient

0.00001 to 0.0001 

0.0001 to 0.001 

0.001 to 0.01

Greater than 0.01

EXPLANATION

Approximate

northern limit

of Floridan

aquifer system 

Brunswick

16 Hydraulic Property of the Floridan Aquifer System

Figure 6a. Storage coefficient of the Upper Floridan aquifer and equivalent clastic units 

in coastal Georgia and adjacent parts of South Carolina and Florida.
0

0 10 KILOMETERS 5

Base modified from 5 10 MILES

U.S. Geological Survey 

1:2,000,000-scale digital data 

N

37Q016

36Q008

36Q331

29II-o1

31GG-p5

29LL-11

29JJ-e11

28JJ-y2

28JJ-f4

27KK-x8

38Q115

37Q185

37Q010

36Q002

36R037

36Q030

26II-w16

26II-s5

26II-i3 27LL-l5

27LL-l30

28HH-t7

28HH-t2

28GG-x1

28GG-a10

25II-e4

27HH-o3

SC

GA

JASPER

BEAUFORT

CHATHAM

Storage coefficient

EXPLANATION

0.00001 to 0.0001 

0.0001 to 0.001 

0.001 to 0.01

Hydraulic Properties of the Floridan Aquifer System 17

Figure 6b. Storage coefficient of the Upper Floridan aquifer in Chatham County, Georgia, and 

Beaufort and Jasper Counties, South Carolina.
34H469

34H449 34H427

34H425

34H424

34H412

34H401

34H392

34H374

34H371

34H344

34H133 34H132

34H125

34H100

34H097

34H085

34H078 34H076

34H062 33H133

33H100

35H037

35H012

34J009

34H328

34H205

34G017

34G013

33H078

33H052

33H036

32J002

32H026

32H024

34J001

GLYNN

33H003

0 5 10 KILOMETERS

0 5 10 MILES

Base modified from U.S. Geological 

Survey 1:2,000,000-scale digital data

N

N

Storage coefficient

0.000001 to 0.00001

0.0001 to 0.001

0.001 to 0.01 

EXPLANATION

0 1 2 KILOMETERS

0 1 2 MILES

Brunswick

18 Hydraulic Properties of the Floridan Aquifer System

Figure 6c. Storage coefficient of the Upper Floridan aquifer in Glynn County, Georgia.

Based on Spechler’s (1994) remarks, the transmissivity at these 

multi-aquifer wells is assumed to be mostly representative of 

the Lower Floridan aquifer (fig. 7c). Transmissivity at these 

multi-aquifer wells ranges from 2,100 ft2/d in well D-168, to 

200,000 ft2

/d in well M503 (Appendix A, fig. 7c). The higher 

transmissivities in Duval County, Fla., likely are dependent on 

whether a solution feature is present in the vicinity of the well 

(G.G. Phelps, U.S. Geological Survey, oral commun., 2002).

Storage-coefficient data for the Lower Floridan aquifer are 

limited to three estimates in Barnwell and Allendale Counties, 

S.C., and to six estimates from multi-aquifer wells in Duval 

County, Fla. (Appendix A, fig. 8). For the South Carolina tests, 

the storage coefficient ranges from 0.0003 to 0.0004, indicative 

of a confined aquifer (Lohman, 1972; Heath, 1983). The storage 

coefficients for the multi-aquifer Upper and Lower Floridan 

wells in Duval County, Fla., range from 0.00002 to 0.02, with 

the latter value higher than the range generally cited for a confined aquifer (Lohman, 1972; Heath, 1983). In the Brunswick, 

Ga., area, a similar wide range of storage-coefficient values for 

the Upper Floridan aquifer were attributed to either pumping 

interferences during testing or to leakage from deeper zones 

(Jones and Maslia, 1994). 

Although transmissivity and storage-coefficient data are 

unavailable for the Fernandina permeable zone of the Lower 

Floridan aquifer, borehole-geophysical logs from wells in the 

Brunswick, Ga., and Fernandina Beach, Fla., areas, show that 

large cavities are present in this zone, suggesting high transmissivity (Krause and Randolph, 1989; Jones and others, 2002; 

Phelps and Spechler, 1997). Krause and Randolph (1989) suggested that the Fernandina permeable zone may have transmissivity comparable to southern Florida’s “boulder zone,” which 

Meyer (1974) reported to be greater than 3,000,000 ft2/d. 

Vertical Hydraulic Conductivity 

Estimates of vertical hydraulic conductivity for the study 

area are sparse and restricted to the Brunswick, Ga., area (Wait, 

1965; Wait and Gregg, 1973), the Savannah River Site area 

(Bledsoe, 1988; Leeth and others, 1996), the Savannah–Hilton 

Head Island area (Counts and Donsky, 1963; Furlow, 1969), 

and the Port Royal Sound area (Smith, 1994). Clarke and others 

(1990) summarized data for the Brunswick and Savannah, Ga., 

areas and related values to more-current hydrogeologic nomenclature. Vertical hydraulic-conductivity data for both confining 

units and aquifer units are listed in table 1, and locations are 

shown in figure 9; values are plotted graphically by hydrogeologic unit in figure 10.

Thirty-nine measurements of vertical hydraulic conductivity 

for the Upper Floridan confining unit were compiled from corepermeameter analysis of samples collected at 17 sites, 12 of 

which are offshore of Tybee Island, Ga., and Hilton Head 

Island, S.C. (table 1, fig. 9). Vertical hydraulic conductivity 

ranges from 0.000232 ft/d at well BFT-2249 to slightly greater 

than 3 ft/d at well BFT-1676, both of which are located offshore 

of Hilton Head Island, S.C. Vertical hydraulic conductivity of 

the Upper Floridan confining unit at Brunswick, Glynn County, 

Ga., is represented by a single value of 0.0107 ft/d at well 

34H337 (table 1). In the Savannah River Site area, vertical hydraulic conductivity of the confining unit at three sites ranges from 

0.00037 ft/d at well BW-314 to 0.00257 ft/d at well BW-375.
Approximate

northern limit

of Floridan

aquifer system 

Savannah

River Site

Washington

Dooly

Pulaski Dodge

Wilcox

Turner Ben Hill

Coffee Bacon

Pierce

Ware

Atkinson Berrien

Cook

Tift

Lowndes

Lanier

Echols

GA

SC

GA

FL

Clinch

Charlton

Camden

Nassau

Duval

Columbia Baker

Hamilton

Irwin

Wheeler

Toombs

Tattnall

Evans

Bryan

Long

Wayne

Appling

Telfair

Liberty

McIntosh

Chatham

Montgomery

Twiggs

Wilkinson Johnson

Emanuel

Treutlen

Laurens Houston Bleckley

Jenkins Screven

Effingham

Bulloch

Candler

Burke

Barnwell

Allendale

Hampton

Jasper

Beaufort

Colleton

Bamberg Glascock

Crisp

See below

See below

See below

Jeff

Davis

Glynn

Brantley

Jefferson

BARNWELL

ALLENDALE

DUVAL

0

0 30 KILOMETERS

15

15

30 MILES

0

0 5 10 KILOMETERS

5 10 MILES

Base modified from U.S. Geological 

Survey 1:2,000,000-scale digital data 

N

Transmissivity in

 square feet per day

500 to 1,000

100 to 500

1,000 to 10,000

10,000 to 100,000

100,000 to 1,000,000

EXPLANATION Duval 14

D-330

D-100

D-168

Duval 4 D-53A

M505

Well 3

West Well

PW-2

D2223

Duval 10

Duval 8

Duval 19

D-240

Duval 7 Duval 5

Duval 3

Duval 2

Well A

M503

Duval 6 Duval 1

Duval 15 D-226 Well H

D52A

D-162

A.

C.

B.

Duval 11

Duval 16

Duval 13

36Q330

32X-g2 32X-d1

31Z-t1

31Y-q1

31X-m5

23X034

22Y008

22Y007

33X037

18S012

26Y002

26W001

17T001

16S002

33D073

33E039

29Y004

32Y033

31Z110

31Z009

29Y002

28W005

35P109

19T006

35L085

30AA-c4

27DD-b1

18S015

26X002

25Z003 26AA03

38Y-h6 37Y-g2

37X-w1

37W-x1

34X-u1

33Z-n1

37Y-g3

37Y-f2

35Y-c7

35Y-c4

35Y-b8

34W-s4

372-q3

33Z-y1

35AA-q7

35AA-q8

36AA-o1 34AA-q2

34AA-x4

34AA-q3

33BB-p1

33AA-y5

34AA-y5

Jacksonville

Naval

Submarine

Base

Kings Bay

Hydraulic Properties of the Floridan Aquifer System 19

Figure 7. Transmissivity of the Lower Floridan aquifer and equivalent clastic units in (A) coastal Georgia and adjacent parts of 

South Carolina and Florida; (B) Barnwell and Allendale Counties, South Carolina; and (C) multi-aquifer wells completed in the 

Upper and Lower Floridan aquifers in Duval County, Florida.
Savannah River Site

DUVAL

ALLENDALE

BARNWELL

Well H

M505

Well 3

PW-2

Well A

M503

35AA-q8

35AA-q7

37X-w1

EXPLANATION

Storage coefficient

0.00001 to 0.0001

0.0001 to 0.001 

Greater than 0.01

N

0

0 20 KILOMETERS

10 20 MILES

10

Base modified from U.S. 

Geological Survey 

1:2,000,000-scale digital data

GEORGIA

SOUTH

CAROLINA

FLORIDA

20 Hydraulic Properties of the Floridan Aquifer System

Figure 8. Storage coefficient of the Lower Floridan aquifer and equivalent clastic units in Allendale and Barnwell Counties, 

South Carolina, and at multi-aquifer wells completed in the Upper and Lower Floridan aquifers in Duval County, Florida.

In addition to vertical hydraulic conductivity values compiled 

from core samples, Hayes (1979) estimated values for the 

Upper Floridan confining unit in Beaufort County, S.C., based 

on aquifer-test results analyzed using the Hantush–Jacob leaky 

aquifer analysis method (Hantush and Jacob, 1955). Although 

exact locations of well sites were not provided in the Hayes 

(1979) report, estimates of vertical hydraulic conductivity range 

from 0.005 ft/d at the Port Royal Clay Company in Port Royal, 

S.C., to 0.015 ft/d at the Burton wellfield at Burton, S.C. Hayes 

(1979) concluded that an average vertical hydraulic conductivity for this unit for Beaufort and Jasper Counties, S.C., would be 

0.001 ft/d. Estimated vertical hydraulic conductivities reported 

by Hayes (1979) likely are somewhat higher than actual values 

because the Hantush–Jacob method does not distinguish 

between leakage coming from units above or below an aquifer. 

Thus, it is possible that some of the leakage was derived from 

underlying units.

Vertical hydraulic conductivity of the Upper Floridan 

aquifer was compiled for five sites, three of which are located 

in the Brunswick, Glynn County, Ga., area (table 1, figs. 9–10). 

Reported vertical hydraulic conductivity ranges from 

0.00134 ft/d at well 33H115 to 160.4 ft/d at well 34H337. 

Lower vertical hydraulic conductivity was measured in parts of 

the aquifer that are dominated by matrix permeability; higher 

values occur where dissolution of rock has produced 

secondary permeability.

At Brunswick, Glynn County, Ga., upper and lower waterbearing zones of the Upper Floridan aquifer are separated by 

a semiconfining unit consisting of low-permeability limestone 

(Wait and Gregg, 1973). Vertical hydraulic conductivity for 

this unit was determined at three sites and ranges from 

0.000008 ft/d at well 34H337, to 0.000134 ft/d at well 33H115 

(table 1, figs. 9–10).

Vertical hydraulic conductivity of the Lower Floridan 

confining unit was compiled from 10 samples at 9 sites, most of 

which are located in Barnwell County, S.C., in the vicinity of 

the Savannah River Site in the northeastern part of the study 

area (table 1, figs. 9–10). Near the Savannah River Site, values 

for the Lower Floridan (Gordon) confining unit range from 

0.00022 ft/d at well BW-379 to 0.16 ft/d at well BW-243 

(table 1, fig. 9). Elsewhere, vertical hydraulic conductivity for 

this unit is 0.000004 ft/d at well 34H337 at Brunswick, Ga., and 

0.000668 ft/d at well 36R006 near Savannah, Chatham County, 

Ga. (table 1, fig. 9). 

Only one estimate for the Lower Floridan aquifer is 

available at a well at Brunswick, Ga. (table 1, fig. 9). At well 

34H337, the vertical hydraulic conductivity is 5.3 ft/d at a 

depth of 1,490–1,503 ft below land surface; this value is 

comparable to values for the Upper Floridan aquifer.
Savannah River Site

0

0 20 KILOMETERS

10 20 MILES

10

Base modified from U.S. Geological Survey 

1:2,000,000-scale digital data

Well and site name N

EXPLANATION

GLYNN

CHATHAM

BEAUFORT

BURKE

BW-391 BARNWELL

BW-243

BW-335

BW-246

BW-375

BW-316 BW-314

BW-308

32Y020

BW-379

34H337

34H132

33H115

38P015

BFT-1675

BFT-2295

BFT-2249

BFT-1679

36R006

BFT-2250

BFT-1677

BFT-1676

BFT-2297

34H337

BFT-1672

BFT-1680

BFT-1809

BFT-1674

GEORGIA

SOUTH

CAROLINA

Hydraulic Properties of the Floridan Aquifer System 21

Figure 9. Location of sites with vertical hydraulic-conductivity data for the Floridan aquifer system, Burke, Chatham, 

and Glynn Counties, Georgia, and Barnwell and Beaufort Counties, South Carolina.
0 .000001

LOWER FLORIDAN CONFINING UNIT

SEMICONFINING UNIT (Brunswick area only)

LOWER FLORIDAN AQUIFER

UPPER FLORIDAN CONFINING UNIT

UPPER FLORIDAN AQUIFER

0.0001 0.01

VERTICAL HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY, IN FEET PER DAY

1 100 10,000

22 Hydraulic Properties of the Floridan Aquifer System

Figure 10. Distribution of vertical hydraulic conductivity for selected hydrogeologic units of Floridan aquifer system.

SUMMARY

The Coastal Sound Science Initiative is a series of scientific 

and feasibility studies to support development of the State of 

Georgia’s final strategy to protect the Upper Floridan aquifer 

from saltwater contamination. To support this effort, detailed 

information regarding the hydraulic properties of Floridan 

aquifer system and equivalent clastic sediments in a 67-county 

area of coastal Georgia and adjacent parts of South Carolina and 

Florida were compiled and evaluated to provide data necessary 

for development of ground-water flow and solute-transport 

models. Data include transmissivity at 324 wells, storage 

coefficient at 115 wells, and vertical hydraulic conductivity of 

72 core samples collected from 27 sites.

In the upper Coastal Plain, sediments equivalent to the 

Floridan aquifer consist of thin clastic sediments; in the lower 

Coastal Plain, the aquifers consist of a thick accumulation of 

carbonate rocks that commonly have solution features and in 

some places have fractures. Prominent structural features in the 

area—the Southeast Georgia Embayment, the Beaufort Arch, 

and the Gulf Trough—influence the thickness and hydraulic 

properties of sediments comprising the hydrogeologic units. 

The Southeast Georgia Embayment is a shallow east-tonortheast-plunging syncline in which Coastal Plain deposits are 

thickest in the study area. In the vicinity of the Beaufort Arch, 

centered near Hilton Head Island, S.C., Coastal Plain deposits 

are thinner and are at shallower depths than near the Southeast 

Georgia Embayment. The Gulf Trough is a zone of relatively 

thick accumulations of fine-grained clastic sediments and 

argillaceous carbonates in which permeability and thickness of 

Coastal Plain deposits are low.

Hydraulic properties of the Upper Floridan aquifer vary 

greatly in the study area owing to the heterogeneity (and locally 

to anisotropy) of the aquifer and to the confinement (or lack 

thereof) provided by confining units. Transmissivity of the 

Upper Floridan aquifer and equivalent clastic units was 

determined at 239 wells and ranges from 530 feet squared per 

day (ft2

/d) in Beaufort County, S.C., to 600,000 ft2/d in Coffee 

County, Ga. In carbonate rocks of the lower Coastal Plain, 

transmissivity of the Upper Floridan aquifer generally is greater 

than 20,000 ft2/d, with values exceeding 100,000 ft2

/d in the 

southeastern and southwestern parts of the study area (generally 

the area of greatest aquifer thickness). Transmissivity of the 

Upper Floridan aquifer generally is less than 10,000 ft2

/d north 

of the Gulf Trough where sediments comprising the aquifer, or 

its equivalents, are thin and consist largely of clastic sediments, 

and in the vicinity of the Gulf Trough where low-permeability 

rocks and sediments are present. 

Large variability in transmissivity in Camden and Glynn 

Counties, Ga., and Nassau County, Fla., indicates anisotropic 

distribution of hydraulic properties, which may result from 

fractures or solution openings in the carbonate rocks. Storage 

coefficient of the Upper Floridan aquifer was determined at 

106 wells and ranges from about 0.00004 in well 27HH-o3 in 

Beaufort County, S.C., to 0.04 in well 1 in Baker County, Fla. 

Although higher storage coefficients normally would be 

expected in updip areas where the aquifer is semiconfined or 

unconfined, high storage coefficients have been reported in 

some downdip areas where the aquifer is deeply buried and 

confined. In the Brunswick, Ga., area, previous investigators 

attributed a wide range of storage-coefficient values either to 

pumping interferences during aquifer tests or to leakage from 

deeper zones. 
Selected References 23

Transmissivity of the Lower Floridan aquifer and 

equivalent updip clastic units was determined at 53 wells, 

ranging from about 170 ft2

/d in Barnwell County, S.C., to about 

43,000 ft2

/d in Camden County, Ga. Transmissivity of the 

Lower Floridan aquifer is greatest where the aquifer is 

thickest—in southeastern Georgia and northeastern 

Florida—where estimates of transmissivity are greater than 

10,000 ft2

/d and in one well where the value is as high as 

200,000 ft2

/d. Although no aquifer tests were conducted in 

wells completed solely in the Lower Floridan aquifer in 

northeastern Florida, it is likely that transmissivity of this 

aquifer is high, possibly exceeding 100,000 ft2

/d. Transmissivity of the Lower Floridan aquifer in northeastern Florida 

was estimated from tests conducted in multi-aquifer production 

wells located in Duval County, Fla., that are open to the Upper 

Floridan aquifer and to a high-permeability freshwater zone at 

the top of the Lower Floridan aquifer. Transmissivity at these 

multi-aquifer wells ranges from 2,100 to 200,000 ft2/d, with 

larger transmissivities dependent on whether a solution feature 

is present in the vicinity of the well. 

Storage-coefficient data for the Lower Floridan aquifer are 

limited to three estimates in Barnwell and Allendale Counties, 

S.C., and to estimates determined from six multi-aquifer tests in 

Duval County, Fla. In the South Carolina tests, the storage coefficient ranges from 0.0003 to 0.0004 and is indicative of a confined aquifer. The storage-coefficient values at the combined 

Upper and Lower Floridan wells in Duval County, Fla., ranges 

from 0.00002 to 0.02, with the latter value higher than the range 

generally cited for a confined aquifer. In the Brunswick, Ga., 

area, previous investigators attributed a similar wide range in 

storage coefficient for the Upper Floridan aquifer either to 

pumping interferences during aquifer tests or to leakage of 

water from deeper zones.

Thirty-nine measurements of vertical hydraulic 

conductivity for the Upper Floridan confining unit were 

determined from core-permeameter analysis of samples 

collected from 17 sites, most of which are located at Tybee 

Island, Ga., and offshore of Hilton Head Island, S.C. Vertical 

hydraulic conductivity ranges from 0.000232 feet per day (ft/d) 

to slightly greater than 3 ft/d at 13 sites located at Tybee Island, 

Ga., and offshore of Hilton Head Island, S.C; is 0.0107 ft/d at 

1 site in Brunswick, Ga.; and ranges from 0.00037 to 

0.00257 ft/d at 3 sites in the vicinity of the Savannah River Site. 

In addition to values determined from core samples, vertical 

hydraulic conductivity of the Upper Floridan confining unit in 

Beaufort County, S.C., was estimated by a previous investigator 

using the Hantush–Jacob leaky aquifer analysis method— 

estimates range from 0.005 ft/d at Port Royal, S.C., to 0.015 ft/d

at Burton, S.C; however, these estimates likely are high due to 

leakage of water from underlying units.

Vertical hydraulic conductivity of the Upper Floridan aquifer was determined at five sites, mostly located in the Brunswick, Ga., area, ranging from 0.00134 ft/d to 160 ft/d. Lower 

vertical hydraulic conductivity was measured in samples collected from parts of the aquifer that are dominated by matrix 

permeability; higher values occur where dissolution has produced secondary permeability. Vertical hydraulic conductivity 

for the semiconfining unit separating the upper and lower 

water-bearing zones of the Upper Floridan aquifer at Brunswick, Ga., range from 0.000008 to 0.000134 ft/d. 

Vertical hydraulic conductivity of the Lower Floridan 

confining unit was determined from 10 samples at nine sites, 

most of which are located in the vicinity of the Savannah River 

Site in the northeastern part of the study area. In this area, values 

for the Lower Floridan (Gordon) confining unit range from 

0.00022 to 0.16 ft/d. Elsewhere, vertical hydraulic conductivity 

for this unit is 0.000004 ft/d at one well at Brunswick, Ga., and 

0.000668 ft/d at one well near Savannah, Ga. The vertical 

hydraulic conductivity of the Lower Floridan aquifer measured 

in a core sample collected from a well at Brunswick, Ga., is 

5.3 ft/d; this value is comparable to values for the Upper 

Floridan aquifer.

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characteristics of the Upper Floridan aquifer, Savannah and 

St Marys, Georgia: Georgia Geologic Survey Information 

Circular 105, 23 p.

Warren, M.A., 1944, Artesian water in southeastern Georgia: 

Georgia Geologic Survey Bulletin No. 49, 140 p.

Weems, R.E., and Edwards, L.E., 2001, Geology of Oligocene, 

Miocene, and younger deposits in the coastal area of Georgia: 

Georgia Geologic Survey Bulletin 131, 124 p.

Whiting, N.M., and Park, A.D., 1990, Preliminary investigation 

of water-level declines in wells near Estill, Hampton County, 

South Carolina, Spring, 1990: South Carolina Water 

Resources Commission Report No. 37, 18 p.
APPENDIX A

Table A-1. Transmissivity and storage coefficient of the Upper and Lower Floridan aquifers and equivalent clastic units, coastal Georgia 

and adjacent parts of South Carolina and Florida

[ft, foot; ft2/d, feet squared per day; %, percent; do., ditto; ft/d/ft, foot/day/foot; °, degrees; ', minutes; ", seconds; SJWMD, St. Johns River Water Management D

USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; SCDNR, South Carolina Department of Natural Resources. State: FL, Florida; GA, Georgia; SC, South Carolina. Method: NL, 

aquifer analysis; SC, transmissivity based on specific capacity; SL, straight line analytical solution; V, van der Kamp analysis of oscillating flow (Kruseman and method not cited. Hydrologic unit: UF, Upper Floridan aquifer; LF, Lower Floridan aquifer; UF,LF, Upper and Lower Floridan aquifers; hydrologic unit enclos

updip aquifer equivalent to the carbonate Upper or Lower Floridan aquifers]

State County Well identifier Other identifier Latitude Longitude

Below land surface

Transmissivity 

(ft2/d)

Storage 

coefficient Method Reference Hydrolo

unit 

Top of open 

interval (ft)

Bottom of 

open 

interval 

(ft)

FL Baker Well 1 Baker County 

Enterprise East

30°17'53" 82°05'10" 480 650 15,000 0.04 NL P. Presley, 

SJWMD, written commun., 2002

UF 

do. Columbia 30110808 Lake City Well 

No. 2

30°11'10" 82°37'25" 157 275 36,000 .0008 L Meyer (1962) do. 

do. do. 30193308 ONF # 2, 

Floridan

30°19'34" 82°35'04" 160 262 33,000 .00007 do. Miller and others 

(1978)

do.

do. Duval D-100; 0308 30°21'07" 81°41'10" 1,365 4,000 SC Phelps and 

Spechler (1997)

UF,LF

do. do. D-52A; 0304 30°21'27" 81°41'10" 1,356 15,000 do. do. do.do. do. D-226; 0603 30°25'27" 81°39'37" 1,296 83,000 do. do. do.do. do. D-330; 0601 30°25'32" 81°39'25" 1,211 27,000 do. do. do. do. do. D-2223; 0704 30°19'37" 81°47'14" 553 1,200 20,000 do. do. do. do. do. D-53A; 5003 30°18'40" 81°39'35" 1,286 5,800 do. do. do. do. do. D-168; 0302 30°21'12" 81°41'00" 1,320 2,100 do. do. do.do. do. D-240; 0303 30°21'22" 81°41'22" 1,362 14,000 do. do. do. do. do. D-162; 0301 30°21'07" 81°41'23" 1,309 21,000 do. do. do.do. do. 5706 Deerwood 3 30°14'33" 81°32'26" 519 970 20,000 .006 SL P. Presley, 

SJWMD, written commun., 2002

UF 
FL Duval 5901 Ridenour 30°19'40" 81°29'30" 430 900 21,000 0.0003 SL P. Presley, SJWMD, written commun., 2002 UF 

do. do. 5903 Ridenour 30°19'34" 81°29'25" 425 920 18,000 .0003 do. do. do. do. do. Duval 1 D-650; 5304 30°17'25" 81°30'50" 461 1,276 50,000 SC Phelps and 

Spechler (1997)

UF,L

do. do. Duval 10 D-857; 5403 30°20'05" 81°35'45" 569 1,104 7,000 do. do. do. do. do. Duval 11 D-479; 5402 30°20'07" 81°35'32" 606 1,350 50,000 do. do. do. do. do. Duval 12 D-673; 5404 30°20'13" 81°35'38" 578 814 190,000 do. do. UFdo. do. Duval 13 D-1323 30°20'45" 81°32'31" 580 1,170 40,000 do. do. UF,Ldo. do. Duval 14 D-46A; 0305 30°21'30" 81°41'18" 530 1,280 9,000 do. do. do. do. do. Duval 15 D-227; 0604 30°25'14" 81°39'37" 570 1,257 34,000 do. do. do.do. do. Duval 16 D-329; 0602 30°25'38" 81°39'25" 545 1,210 24,000 do. do. do. do. do. Duval 2 D-3825; 5305 30°17'43" 81°30'35" 440 1,093 84,000 do. do. do.

Table A-1. Transmissivity and storage coefficient of the Upper and Lower Floridan aquifers and equivalent clastic units, coastal Georgia 

and adjacent parts of South Carolina and Florida—Continued[ft, foot; ft2/d, feet squared per day; %, percent; do., ditto; ft/d/ft, foot/day/foot; °, degrees; ', minutes; ", seconds; SJWMD, St. Johns River Water Management D

USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; SCDNR, South Carolina Department of Natural Resources. State: FL, Florida; GA, Georgia; SC, South Carolina. Method: NL, 

aquifer analysis; SC, transmissivity based on specific capacity; SL, straight line analytical solution; V, van der Kamp analysis of oscillating flow (Kruseman an

method not cited. Hydrologic unit: UF, Upper Floridan aquifer; LF, Lower Floridan aquifer; UF,LF, Upper and Lower Floridan aquifers; hydrologic unit enclos

updip aquifer equivalent to the carbonate Upper or Lower Floridan aquifers]

State County Well identifier Other identifier Latitude Longitude

Below land surface

Transmissivity 

(ft2/d)

Storage 

coefficient Method Reference Hydrol

uni

Top of open 

interval (ft)

Bottom of 

open 

interval 

(ft)
FL Duval Duval 3 D-223; 5301 30°17'43" 81°30'39" 420 1,125 39,000 SC Phelps and 

Spechler (1997)

UF,L

do. do. Duval 4 D-649; 5203 30°17'52" 81°36'05" 534 1,005 14,000 do. do. do.do. do. Duval 5 D-665; 5303 30°17'58" 81°30'39" 417 1,185 28,000 do. do. do.do. do. Duval 6 D-198; 5002 30°18'39" 81°39'21" 552 1,297 30,000 do. do. do.do. do. Duval 7 D-2684; 5502 30°18'40" 81°38'39" 537 1,252 14,000 do. do. do. do. do. Duval 8 D-2685; 5501 30°18'48" 81°39'03" 527 1,270 26,000 SC do. do. do. do. Duval 9 D-2283; 0703 30°19'30" 81°47'06" 553 1,200 50,000 do. do. do.do. do. East Well JEA Brandy 

Branch

30°19'22" 81°56'41" 536 837 15,000 NL P. Presley, 

SJWMD, written commun., 2002

UF 

do. do. M501 Community Hall 30°09'02" 81°38'04" 460 624 9,000 0.007 NL(?) do. do. do. do. M502 do. 30°08'59" 81°38'05" 460 900 12,000 .002 NL do. do. do. do. M503 do. 30°08'60" 81°38'07" 457 1,225 200,000 .00002 SL do. UF,Ldo. do. M505 do. 30°09'05" 81°38'41" 482 1,100 19,000 .00015 do. do. do. 

Table A-1. Transmissivity and storage coefficient of the Upper and Lower Floridan aquifers and equivalent clastic units, coastal Georgia 

and adjacent parts of South Carolina and Florida—Continued[ft, foot; ft2/d, feet squared per day; %, percent; do., ditto; ft/d/ft, foot/day/foot; °, degrees; ', minutes; ", seconds; SJWMD, St. Johns River Water Management D

USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; SCDNR, South Carolina Department of Natural Resources. State: FL, Florida; GA, Georgia; SC, South Carolina. Method: NL, 

aquifer analysis; SC, transmissivity based on specific capacity; SL, straight line analytical solution; V, van der Kamp analysis of oscillating flow (Kruseman an

method not cited. Hydrologic unit: UF, Upper Floridan aquifer; LF, Lower Floridan aquifer; UF,LF, Upper and Lower Floridan aquifers; hydrologic unit enclos

updip aquifer equivalent to the carbonate Upper or Lower Floridan aquifers]

State County Well identifier Other identifier Latitude Longitude

Below land surface

Transmissivity 

(ft2/d)

Storage 

coefficient Method Reference Hydrol

uni

Top of open 

interval (ft)

Bottom of 

open 

interval 

(ft)
FL Duval MR-2 JEA Monument Road 30°20'32" 81°32'09" 565 807 15,000 0.0005 NL P. Presley, SJWMD, written commun., 2002 UF 

do. do. PW-1 Anheuser-Busch 30°26'09" 81°38'46" 600 908 9,400 do. do. do. do. do. PW-2 Bacardi 

Beverages

30°27'42" 81°38'35" 620 1,100 11,000 .02 do. do. UF,L

do. do. Well 15 Jacksonville 

Beach

30°17'26" 81°23'59" 400 900 20,000 .001 do. do. UF 

do. do. Well 2 JEA San Pablo 30°16'49" 81°25'49" 347 835 20,000 .0003 NL(?) do. do. do. do. Well 2 JEA Brierwood 30°15'08" 81°36'42" 514 950 13,000 .002 SL do. do. do. do. Well 3 do. 30°15'14" 81°36'49" 514 1,100 22,000 .0005 do. do. UF,Ldo. do. Well 5801 JEA Southeast 

Regional

30°15'41" 81°27'13" 353 875 26,000 .0005 L do. UF 

Table A-1. Transmissivity and storage coefficient of the Upper and Lower Floridan aquifers and equivalent clastic units, coastal Georgia 

and adjacent parts of South Carolina and Florida—Continued[ft, foot; ft2/d, feet squared per day; %, percent; do., ditto; ft/d/ft, foot/day/foot; °, degrees; ', minutes; ", seconds; SJWMD, St. Johns River Water Management D

USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; SCDNR, South Carolina Department of Natural Resources. State: FL, Florida; GA, Georgia; SC, South Carolina. Method: NL, aquifer analysis; SC, transmissivity based on specific capacity; SL, straight line analytical solution; V, van der Kamp analysis of oscillating flow (Kruseman an

method not cited. Hydrologic unit: UF, Upper Floridan aquifer; LF, Lower Floridan aquifer; UF,LF, Upper and Lower Floridan aquifers; hydrologic unit enclos

updip aquifer equivalent to the carbonate Upper or Lower Floridan aquifers]

State County Well identifier Other identifier Latitude Longitude

Below land surface

Transmissivity 

(ft2/d)

Storage 

coefficient Method Reference Hydrol

uni

Top of open 

interval (ft)

Bottom of 

open 

interval 

(ft)
FL Duval Well A Gate Maritime 30°24'31" 81°31'27" 457 1,192 110,000 0.02 L P. Presley, 

SJWMD, written commun., 2002

UF,LFa 

do. do. Well D101 JEA Sheffield 

Village

30°28'04" 81°34'22" 500 750 26,000 .001 do. do. UF 

do. do. Well H Gate Maritime 30°24'34" 81°31'33" 480 1,048 24,000 .0004 SL do. UF,LFa do. do. West Well JEA Brandy 

Branch

30°19'20" 81°56'44" 538 1,265 75,000 SL(?) do. do. 

do. Hamilton 011436008 PCS Phos. Swift 

Creek Chem.

30°27'09" 82°51'51" 173 805 190,000 .001 NL Ceryak and others 

(1983)

UF

do. Nassau 33DN20 Unnamed 

observation well in 

Nassau County

30°39'39" 81°31'26" 567 170,000 .002 do. Warner and 

Aulenbach (1999)

do.

do. do. Nassau 1 Production well 

3039350812837.01

30°39'35" 81°28'37" 513 1,070 30,000 .0002 SL Szell (1993); also 

P. Presley, written commun., 2002

do. 

do. do. YO-1 JEA Yulee 

Regional

30°37'22" 81°32'01" 490 900 17,000 .0003 NL P. Presley, 

SJRWMD, written commun., 2002

do. 

Table A-1. Transmissivity and storage coefficient of the Upper and Lower Floridan aquifers and equivalent clastic units, coastal Georgia and adjacent parts of South Carolina and Florida—Continued[ft, foot; ft2/d, feet squared per day; %, percent; do., ditto; ft/d/ft, foot/day/foot; °, degrees; ', minutes; ", seconds; SJWMD, St. Johns River Water Management Dist

USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; SCDNR, South Carolina Department of Natural Resources. State: FL, Florida; GA, Georgia; SC, South Carolina. Method: NL, no

aquifer analysis; SC, transmissivity based on specific capacity; SL, straight line analytical solution; V, van der Kamp analysis of oscillating flow (Kruseman and d

method not cited. Hydrologic unit: UF, Upper Floridan aquifer; LF, Lower Floridan aquifer; UF,LF, Upper and Lower Floridan aquifers; hydrologic unit enclosed updip aquifer equivalent to the carbonate Upper or Lower Floridan aquifers]

State County Well identifier Other identifier Latitude Longitude

Below land surface

Transmissivity 

(ft2/d)

Storage 

coefficient Method Reference Hydrologi

unit 

Top of open 

interval (ft)

Bottom of 

open 

interval 

(ft)
GA Appling 27N001 Baxley, Ga. 31°46'03" 82°21'03" 500 764 25,000 SC Kellam and Gorday (1990) UF do. do. 27N003 City of Baxley 31°46'41" 82°21'04" 564 849 23,000 do. do. do. do. do. 27N004 Filtered Rosin Product Company 31°46'12" 82°19'54" 525 625 8,700 do. do. do. do. do. 27P001 Georgia Power # 1 31°53'54" 82°21'30" 455 680 48,000 do. do. do. do. do. 27P002 Georgia Power Company, Hatch, 2 31°55'44" 82°20'32" 490 711 30,000 do. do. do.

do. Bacon 26L001 City of Alma 31°32'32" 82°28'00" 363 626 72,000 do. do. do.do. do. 26L004 Alma, Ga., 3 31°32'39" 82°29'03" 501 840 21,000 do. do. do.do. Ben Hill 19M001 City of 

Fitzgerald D

31°42'56" 83°15'41" 283 612 20,000 do. do. do.

do. do. 20M002 City of 

Fitzgerald D

31°43'00" 83°14'43" 260 825 16,000 0.003 NL Sever (1969) do.

do. do. 20M003 City of 

Fitzgerald D C

31°43'03" 8314'42" 260 750 13,000 SC Kellam and 

Gorday (1990)

do.

do. Berrien 19H026 City of Nashville 

# 2

31°12'26" 83°15'20" 265 450 360,000 do. do. do.

do. do. 19K005 City of Enigma 31°27'14" 83°20'23" 386 620 1,700 do. do. do.do. do. 20G009 City of Ray City 

# 1

31°04'22" 83°11'46" 200 350 360,000 do. do. do.

do. do. 20H003 City of Nashville 

# 4

31°12'34" 83°13'52" 283 485 360,000 do. do. do.

do. do. 20K002 City of Alapaha 31°22'56" 83°13'13" 368 550 32,000 SL Sever (1969) do. do. Bleckley 19T006 Cochran 2 (new) 32°22'07" 83°20'24" 220 417 15,000 SC Brooks and others 

(1985)

(LF) 

Table A-1. Transmissivity and storage coefficient of the Upper and Lower Floridan aquifers and equivalent clastic units, coastal Georgia 

and adjacent parts of South Carolina and Florida—Continued[ft, foot; ft2/d, feet squared per day; %, percent; do., ditto; ft/d/ft, foot/day/foot; °, degrees; ', minutes; ", seconds; SJWMD, St. Johns River Water Management D

USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; SCDNR, South Carolina Department of Natural Resources. State: FL, Florida; GA, Georgia; SC, South Carolina. Method: NL, aquifer analysis; SC, transmissivity based on specific capacity; SL, straight line analytical solution; V, van der Kamp analysis of oscillating flow (Kruseman and 

method not cited. Hydrologic unit: UF, Upper Floridan aquifer; LF, Lower Floridan aquifer; UF,LF, Upper and Lower Floridan aquifers; hydrologic unit enclos

updip aquifer equivalent to the carbonate Upper or Lower Floridan aquifers]

State County Well identifier Other identifier Latitude Longitude

Below land surface

Transmissivity 

(ft2/d)

Storage 

coefficient Method Reference Hydrolo

unit 

Top of open 

interval (ft)

Bottom of 

open 

interval 

(ft)
GA Bryan 35P109 Richmond Hill 

LF TW

31°54'43" 81°18'59" 1,010 1,275 8,300 SL Harrelson and Falls 

(2003)

LF

do. do. 35P110 Richmond Hill 

UF TW

31°54'43" 81°18'59" 320 440 70,000 do. do. UF

do. Bulloch 31T010 City of Statesboro 

# 2

32°27'00" 81°46'46" 320 555 2,900 SC Kellam and 

Gorday (1990)

do.

do. do. 31T024 Statesboro 

Gateway 9 (pro)

32°22'40" 81°50'41" 398 637 4,300 SL USGS files do.

do. do. 31T025 Statesboro 

Gateway 1 

(observation)

32°22'39" 81°50'41" 405 630 4,700 0.0004 NL do. do.

do. do. 31T027 Statesboro 32°22'53" 81°50'22" 420 580 5,600 .0003 do. do. do.do. do. 31T028 Statesboro 

Gateway 6 

(observation)

32°22'38" 81°50'51" 383 540 5,000 .0004 do. do. do.

do. do. 32T013 City of Brooklet 

# 1

32°22'42" 81°39'44" 302 510 3,700 SC Kellam and 

Gorday (1990)

do.

do. Burke 28W005 Southeast Georgia 

Experimental 

Station (LN-ATL 1)

32°52'27" 82°13'11" 454 535 8,200 do. Brooks and others 

(1985)

(LF)

do. do. 29Y002 Irby Cochran, I 33°03'10" 82°03'54" 181 422 5,600 do. do. do. do. do. 29Y004 “Paul Dye, 1” 32°07'15" 82°04'32" 244 364 6,200 do. do. do.do. do. 30Z022 USGS Millers 

Pond TW-4

33°13'48" 81°52'44" 80 110 840 SL Falls and others 

(1997)

(UF)

do. do. 31Z009 Georgia Power 

Plant Vogle 

Construction, 8

33°08'46" 81°45'59" 220 251 6,900 SC Brooks and others 

(1985)

(LF)

Table A-1. Transmissivity and storage coefficient of the Upper and Lower Floridan aquifers and equivalent clastic units, coastal Georgia and adjacent parts of South Carolina and Florida—Continued[ft, foot; ft2/d, feet squared per day; %, percent; do., ditto; ft/d/ft, foot/day/foot; °, degrees; ', minutes; ", seconds; SJWMD, St. Johns River Water Management D

USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; SCDNR, South Carolina Department of Natural Resources. State: FL, Florida; GA, Georgia; SC, South Carolina. Method: NL, 

aquifer analysis; SC, transmissivity based on specific capacity; SL, straight line analytical solution; V, van der Kamp analysis of oscillating flow (Kruseman and 

method not cited. Hydrologic unit: UF, Upper Floridan aquifer; LF, Lower Floridan aquifer; UF,LF, Upper and Lower Floridan aquifers; hydrologic unit enclos

updip aquifer equivalent to the carbonate Upper or Lower Floridan aquifers]

State County Well identifier Other identifier Latitude Longitude

Below land surface

Transmissivity 

(ft2/d)

Storage 

coefficient Method Reference Hydrolo

unit 

Top of open 

interval (ft)

Bottom of 

open 

interval 

(ft)
GA Burke 31Z110 GGS TR92-6B Thompson Oak 33°10'44" 81°47'09" 180 200 180 NL Falls and others (1997) (LF) do. do. 32Y033 Brighams Landing TW-3 33°05'48" 81°39'11" 150 200 3,500 SL do. do. do. Camden 33D013 Kraft/St Marys (Well 155) 30°44'01" 81°32'30" 516 1,060 19,000 SLa Warren (1944) UF 

do. do. 33D069 National Park 

Service CI

30°43'13" 81°33'00" 467 575 110,000 0.001 NL Warner and 

Aulenbach (1999)

do.

do. do. 33D073 St Marys Deep 

TW

30°44'06" 81°33'05" 1,365 1,500 13,000 SL Harrelson and Falls 

(2003)

LF

do. do. 33E007 Huntley Jiffey 

(Davis)

30°45'12" 81°34'36" 552 760 98,000 .002 NL Warner and 

Aulenbach (1999)

UF

do. do. 33E027 USN Kings Bay 

TW 1

30°47'56" 81°31'11" 555 990 130,000 .001 do. do. do.

do. do. 33E039 USN Kings Bay 

Observation 01

30°47'49" 81°33'53" 950 1,150 43,000 do. Krause and 

Randolph (1989)

LF

do. do. 33E040 USN Kings Bay 

Observation 02

30°47'49" 81°33'53" 560 750 43,000 .00006 do. Bush and Johnston 

(1988)

UF

do. Candler 29T010 City of Metter # 2 

South

32°23'16" 82°03'57" 386 616 17,000 SC Kellam and 

Gorday (1990)

do.

do. do. 29T011 City of Metter # 2 

North

32°24'21" 82°03'56" 321 540 83,000 do. do. do.

do. Chatham 36Q002 Union Camp 04 32°05'58" 81°07'47" 237 603 34,000 .0003 NL Counts and 

Donsky (1963)

do.

do. do. 36Q008 Layne-Atlantic 32°05'30" 81°08'50" 250 406 32,000 .0006 do. Warner and 

Aulenbach (1999)

do.

Table A-1. Transmissivity and storage coefficient of the Upper and Lower Floridan aquifers and equivalent clastic units, coastal Georgia 

and adjacent parts of South Carolina and Florida—Continued[ft, foot; ft2/d, feet squared per day; %, percent; do., ditto; ft/d/ft, foot/day/foot; °, degrees; ', minutes; ", seconds; SJWMD, St. Johns River Water Management D

USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; SCDNR, South Carolina Department of Natural Resources. State: FL, Florida; GA, Georgia; SC, South Carolina. Method: NL, aquifer analysis; SC, transmissivity based on specific capacity; SL, straight line analytical solution; V, van der Kamp analysis of oscillating flow (Kruseman and 

method not cited. Hydrologic unit: UF, Upper Floridan aquifer; LF, Lower Floridan aquifer; UF,LF, Upper and Lower Floridan aquifers; hydrologic unit enclos

updip aquifer equivalent to the carbonate Upper or Lower Floridan aquifers]

State County Well identifier Other identifier Latitude Longitude

Below land surface

Transmissivity 

(ft2/d)

Storage 

coefficient Method Reference Hydrolo

unit 

Top of open 

interval (ft)

Bottom of 

open 

interval 

(ft)
GA Chatham 36Q030 Hercules, Inc. # 1 32°05'19" 81°09'03" 251 750 33,000 .0004 NL Counts and 

Donsky (1963)

UF 

do. do. 36Q330 Berwick Plantation 

(LF)

32°01'39" 81°13'40" 760 1,085 8,200 SL R. Faye, USGS 

retired, written commun., 2002

LF

do. do. 36Q331 Berwick Plantation 

(UF)

32°01'39" 81°13'40" 358 460 46,000 0.00009 NL do. UF

do. do. 36R010 Port Wentworth, 

Ga. 1

32°09'18" 81°09'50" 254 650 34,000 NL(?) Counts and 

Donsky (1963)

do.

do. do. 36R037 Savannah E&P, 

Pt. Wentworth

32°08'57" 81°08'42" 270 971 27,000 .0002 NL do. do.

do. do. 37Q010 U.S. Postal Service 

02

32°04'40" 81°05'35" 274 695 20,000 .0003 do. do. do.

do. do. 37Q016 Southern Coast 

Line RR docks

32°04'33" 81°04'27" 260 500 43,000 .0007 do. Warner and 

Aulenbach (1999)

do.

do. do. 37Q018 American Cyanide 

#1

32°04'56" 81°01'47" 205 650 27,000 NL(?) Counts and 

Donsky (1963)

do.

do. do. 37Q049 Savannah Electric 

& Power Company 

R1

32°05'01" 81°05'46" 250 1,003 34,000 NL(?) do. do.

do. do. 37Q185 Hutchison Island 

TW1

32°06'22" 81°06'37" 274 344 32,000 .001 NL Warner and 

Aulenbach (1999)

do.

do. do. 37R001 Savannah Wildlife 

Refuge

32°09'45" 81°07'00" 280 971 39,000 do. do. do.

do. do. 38Q115 USNPS Cockspur 32°01'36" 80°53'26" 80,000 .005 do. Counts and 

Donsky (1963)

do.

do. Coffee 23L002 City of Douglas 

# 4

31°31'32" 82°50'55" 504 728 260,000 SC Kellam and 

Gorday (1990)

do.

Table A-1. Transmissivity and storage coefficient of the Upper and Lower Floridan aquifers and equivalent clastic units, coastal Georgia and adjacent parts of South Carolina and Florida—Continued[ft, foot; ft2/d, feet squared per day; %, percent; do., ditto; ft/d/ft, foot/day/foot; °, degrees; ', minutes; ", seconds; SJWMD, St. Johns River Water Management Di

USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; SCDNR, South Carolina Department of Natural Resources. State: FL, Florida; GA, Georgia; SC, South Carolina. Method: NL, 

aquifer analysis; SC, transmissivity based on specific capacity; SL, straight line analytical solution; V, van der Kamp analysis of oscillating flow (Kruseman and 

method not cited. Hydrologic unit: UF, Upper Floridan aquifer; LF, Lower Floridan aquifer; UF,LF, Upper and Lower Floridan aquifers; hydrologic unit enclose

updip aquifer equivalent to the carbonate Upper or Lower Floridan aquifers]

State County Well identifier Other identifier Latitude Longitude

Below land surface

Transmissivity 

(ft2/d)

Storage 

coefficient Method Reference Hydrolo

unit 

Top of open 

interval (ft)

Bottom of 

open 

interval 

(ft)
GA Coffee 23L004 City of Douglas # 5 31°32'16" 82°51'20" 514 684 600,000 SC Kellam and Gorday (1990) UF do. Cook 18G018 City of Cecil 31°02'45" 83°23'40" 214 308 6,700 SL Sever (1972) do. do. do. 18H002 City of Adel # 3 31°08'33" 83°25'27" 231 386 15,000 SC Kellam and Gorday (1990) do. do. do. 18H005 City of Adel # 1 31°08'16" 83°25'19" 213 375 5,800 do. do. do. do. do. 18H016 USGS Adel Test Well 31°08'13" 83°26'03" 207 865 11,000 do. do. do.

do. do. 18H033 City of Adel 31°08'25" 83°25'42" 207 393 210,000 .002 NL Sever (1972) do.do. Dooly 16S002 Unadilla 3 32°15'04" 83°44'23" 247 307 6,600 SL Faye and 

McFadden (1986)

(LF)

do. Effingham 34R043 Dawes Silicia 

Company

32°09'45" 81°23'38" 320 689 51,000 SC Kellam and 

Gorday (1990)

UF

do. do. 35T003 City of Springfield 

1950

32°23'60" 81°19'10" 180 400 6,200 do. do. do.

do. do. 36S004 Westwood Heights 

S/D

32°15'23" 81°13'36" 303 565 30,000 do. do. do.

do. do. 36S022 City of Rincon # 2 32°17'22" 81°14'02" 281 500 2,800 do. do. do.do. do. 36S025 Ft. Howard Paper 

Company # 1

32°19'36" 81°12'09" 280 500 32,000 do. do. do.

do. do. 36S026 Ft. Howard Paper 

Company # 2

32°19'52" 81°12'27" 280 520 17,000 do. do. do.

do. do. 36S027 Ft. Howard Paper 

Company # 3

32°20'01" 81°12'21" 282 500 5,000 do. do. do.

do. Evans 30R001 City of Claxton # 2 32°09'45" 81°54'10" 401 701 37,000 do. do. do.do. do. 30R002 City of Claxton 32°09'45" 81°54'47" 452 805 56,000 do. do. do.do. Glascock 25Z003 Gibson, 3 33°13'35" 82°36'04" 173 203 620 do. Brooks and others 

(1985)

(LF)

Table A-1. Transmissivity and storage coefficient of the Upper and Lower Floridan aquifers and equivalent clastic units, coastal Georgia and adjacent parts of South Carolina and Florida—Continued[ft, foot; ft2/d, feet squared per day; %, percent; do., ditto; ft/d/ft, foot/day/foot; °, degrees; ', minutes; ", seconds; SJWMD, St. Johns River Water Management Dis

USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; SCDNR, South Carolina Department of Natural Resources. State: FL, Florida; GA, Georgia; SC, South Carolina. Method: NL, naquifer analysis; SC, transmissivity based on specific capacity; SL, straight line analytical solution; V, van der Kamp analysis of oscillating flow (Kruseman and 

method not cited. Hydrologic unit: UF, Upper Floridan aquifer; LF, Lower Floridan aquifer; UF,LF, Upper and Lower Floridan aquifers; hydrologic unit enclose

updip aquifer equivalent to the carbonate Upper or Lower Floridan aquifers]

State County Well identifier Other identifier Latitude Longitude

Below land surface

Transmissivity 

(ft2/d)

Storage 

coefficient Method Reference Hydrolog

unit 

Top of open 

interval (ft)

Bottom of 

open 

interval 

(ft)
GA Glascock 26AA03 Thiele Kaolin, W-1 33°15'46" 82°27'11" 145 153 1,500 SC Brooks and others 

(1985)

(LF)

do. Glynn 32H024 Lamar, Stafford 31°09'18" 81°40'08" 214 518 110,000 0.003 NL Jones and Maslia 

(1994)

UF 

do. do. 32H026 Osborn, N B 31°10'53" 81°38'12" 292 445 66,000 .005 do. do. do. do. do. 32J002 SCL RR, 

Thalmann

31°17'36" 81°41'27" 700 740 49,000 .004 do. do. do. 

do. do. 33H003 Madge Merritt 

Garden Club

31°07'59" 81°35'54" 550 991 65,000 .012 do. do. do. 

do. do. 33H036 Mavromot, Andrew 31°12'16" 81°33'55" 550 650 58,000 .007 do. do. do. do. do. 33H052 Anderson, L L 31°14'05" 81°32'14" 560 825 89,000 .004 do. do. do. do. do. 33H078 Willis B.H. 31°12'39" 81°31'13" 550 780 65,000 .001 do. do. do. do. do. 33H100 Jenkins Theatre 31°11'29" 81°30'21" 540 777 75,000 .0004 do. do. do. do. do. 33H133 Brunswick: TW-6 31°10'06" 81°30'16" 520 790 63,000 .0004 do. do. do. do. do. 34G013 Jekyll Island 06 31°03'15" 81°24'35" 523 764 93,000 .005 do. do. do. do. do. 34G017 Jekyll Island 13 31°06'58" 81°25'01" 502 715 60,000 .003 do. do. do. do. do. 34H062 Dixie-Obrien 

(Front)

31°10'05" 81°28'27" 554 810 64,000 .0002 do. do. do. 

do. do. 34H076 Hercules Inc M 31°09'59" 81°29'01" 480 911 58,000 .0002 do. do. do. do. do. 34H078 Hercules Inc O 31°09'48" 81°28'52" 545 890 56,000 .00006 do. do. do. 

Table A-1. Transmissivity and storage coefficient of the Upper and Lower Floridan aquifers and equivalent clastic units, coastal Georgia and adjacent parts of South Carolina and Florida—Continued[ft, foot; ft2/d, feet squared per day; %, percent; do., ditto; ft/d/ft, foot/day/foot; °, degrees; ', minutes; ", seconds; SJWMD, St. Johns River Water Management Di

USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; SCDNR, South Carolina Department of Natural Resources. State: FL, Florida; GA, Georgia; SC, South Carolina. Method: NL, 

aquifer analysis; SC, transmissivity based on specific capacity; SL, straight line analytical solution; V, van der Kamp analysis of oscillating flow (Kruseman and 

method not cited. Hydrologic unit: UF, Upper Floridan aquifer; LF, Lower Floridan aquifer; UF,LF, Upper and Lower Floridan aquifers; hydrologic unit enclose

updip aquifer equivalent to the carbonate Upper or Lower Floridan aquifers]

State County Well identifier Other identifier Latitude Longitude

Below land surface

Transmissivity 

(ft2/d)

Storage 

coefficient Method Reference Hydrolo

unit 

Top of open 

interval (ft)

Bottom of 

open 

interval 

(ft)
GA Glynn 34H085 Brunswick Coffin Park 31°09'06" 81°28'46" 514 623 33,000 .0006 NL Clarke and others (1990) UF 

do. do. 34H097 Georgia Ports Authority Main Office 31°07'55" 81°29'27" 584 757 160,000 .007 do. Jones and Maslia (1994) dodo. do. 34H100 Riley, Barney 31°08'06" 81°29'25" 595 786 33,000 .0005 do. do. dodo. do. 34H125 U.S. Geological 

Survey TW 01

31°09'06" 81°29'31" 535 604 56,000 .0003 do. do. do

do. do. 34H132 U.S. Geological 

Survey TW 02

31°10'20" 81°29'52" 540 1,200 64,000 .0003 do. USGS files do

do. do. 34H133 Brunswick 

Goodyear Park

31°10'35" 81°28'58" 520 800 57,000 .0004 do. Jones and Maslia 

(1994)

do

do. do. 34H205 SSI Lighthouse 31°08'01" 81°23'37" 477 608 85,000 .0003 do. do. dodo. do. 34H328 USPS Fort 

Frederica

31°13'19" 81°23'29" 600 640 72,000 .002 do. do. do

do. do. 34H344 Brunswick: TW-7 31°09'38" 81°28'52" 504 770 23,000 .0003 do. do. dodo. do. 34H371 U.S. Geological 

Survey TW 11

31°08'18" 81°29'36" 606 700 69,000 .0005 do. do. do

do. do. 34H374 U.S. Geological 

Survey TW 14

31°09'53" 81°29'59" 527 696 41,000 .0003 do. do. do

do. do. 34H392 Brunswick Jr 

College

31°11'08" 81°29'10" 541 660 75,000 .0004 do. do. do

Table A-1. Transmissivity and storage coefficient of the Upper and Lower Floridan aquifers and equivalent clastic units, coastal Georgia 

and adjacent parts of South Carolina and Florida—Continued[ft, foot; ft2/d, feet squared per day; %, percent; do., ditto; ft/d/ft, foot/day/foot; °, degrees; ', minutes; ", seconds; SJWMD, St. Johns River Water Management D

USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; SCDNR, South Carolina Department of Natural Resources. State: FL, Florida; GA, Georgia; SC, South Carolina. Method: NLaquifer analysis; SC, transmissivity based on specific capacity; SL, straight line analytical solution; V, van der Kamp analysis of oscillating flow (Kruseman an

method not cited. Hydrologic unit: UF, Upper Floridan aquifer; LF, Lower Floridan aquifer; UF,LF, Upper and Lower Floridan aquifers; hydrologic unit enclo

updip aquifer equivalent to the carbonate Upper or Lower Floridan aquifers]

State County Well identifier Other identifier Latitude Longitude

Below land surface

Transmissivity 

(ft2/d)

Storage 

coefficient Method Reference Hydro

un

Top of open 

interval (ft)

Bottom of 

open 

interval 

(ft)
GA Glynn 34H401 U.S. Geological 

Survey TW 21

31°09'45" 81°29'55" 525 756 85,000 0.0003 NL USGS files UF

do. do. 34H412 Hercules Inc Q 31°10'19" 81°29'22" 548 630 64,000 .0002 do. Jones and Maslia 

(1994)

do. 

do. do. 34H424 Hercules Inc T 31°10'11" 81°29'31" 550 745 67,000 .0003 do. do. do. do. do. 34H425 Hercules Inc U 31°10'16" 81°28'58" 550 700 66,000 .0003 do. do. do. do. do. 34H427 Champion, E M 02 31°10'16" 81°29'42" 500 640 67,000 .0003 do. do. do. do. do. 34H449 Goodyear Park 31°10'36" 81°28'57" 580 753 59,000 .0006 do. USGS files do.do. do. 34H469 U.S. Geological 

Survey TW 02 Pt 1

31°10'20" 81°29'52" 540 566 64,000 .0003 do. Jones and Maslia 

(1994)

do. 

do. do. 34J001 Brunswick: 2-W 

Fish

31°19'37" 81°26'45" 110,000 .0008 do. do. do. 

do. do. 34J009 Newhope 

Plantation

31°18'11" 81°26'51" 580 780 140,000 .0007 do. do. do. 

do. do. 35H012 Sea Island Gun 

Club - Old

31°10'49" 81°21'29" 514 640 56,000 .003 do. do. do. 

do. do. 35H037 Brunswick: USCG 31°08'45" 81°22'26" 580 704 55,000 .005 do. do. do. do. do. 35H042 Sea Island Co. 

&—22nd St.

31°11'46" 81°20'13" 584 1,040 64,000 SL Wait and Gregg 

(1973)

do. 

do. Houston 17T001 Board 

Commissioners, 

Haynesville

32°23'16" 83°37'18" 278 347 2,100 SC Brooks and others 

(1985)

(LF)

Table A-1. Transmissivity and storage coefficient of the Upper and Lower Floridan aquifers and equivalent clastic units, coastal Georgia 

and adjacent parts of South Carolina and Florida—Continued[ft, foot; ft2/d, feet squared per day; %, percent; do., ditto; ft/d/ft, foot/day/foot; °, degrees; ', minutes; ", seconds; SJWMD, St. Johns River Water Management Di

USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; SCDNR, South Carolina Department of Natural Resources. State: FL, Florida; GA, Georgia; SC, South Carolina. Method: NL, 

aquifer analysis; SC, transmissivity based on specific capacity; SL, straight line analytical solution; V, van der Kamp analysis of oscillating flow (Kruseman and 

method not cited. Hydrologic unit: UF, Upper Floridan aquifer; LF, Lower Floridan aquifer; UF,LF, Upper and Lower Floridan aquifers; hydrologic unit enclose

updip aquifer equivalent to the carbonate Upper or Lower Floridan aquifers]

State County Well identifier Other identifier Latitude Longitude

Below land surface

Transmissivity 

(ft2/d)

Storage 

coefficient Method Reference Hydrolo

unit 

Top of open 

interval (ft)

Bottom of 

open 

interval 

(ft)
GA Irwin 20L003 City of Ocilla # 3 31°35'42" 83°14'51" 266 645 10,000 SC Kellam and Gorday (1990) UF do. Jefferson 26W001 Wadley 1 (Ruby St. Well) 32°51'34" 82°24'19" 370 473 5,900 do. Brooks and others (1985) (LF) do. do. 26X002 Louisville, 4 32°59'45" 82°24'43" 220 308 5,700 do. do. do. do. do. 26Y002 J.P. Stevens, 2 33°00'15" 82°27'31" 214 375 5,800 do. do. do. do. Liberty 33N001 US Army, 

Ft Stewart 01

31°51'46" 81°36'49" 451 816 124,000 NL Warren (1944) UF 

do. do. 34M019 Interstate Paper, 

535'

31°44'31" 81°25'42" 200 535 160,000 0.0005 do. Dyar and others 

(1972)

do. 

do. do. 34M021 Interstate Paper 

Company, 445'

31°44'42" 81°24'34" 145 445 160,000 .0003 do. do. do. 

do. do. 34M051 Interstate Paper 

Rust 1

31°44'38" 81°24'25" 427 810 160,000 .0004 do. do. do. 

do. do. 34M052 Interstate Paper 

Rust 2

31°44'35" 81°24'39" 418 810 160,000 .0002 do. do. do. 

do. do. 34M090 Riceboro, Ga., 

1985

31°43'35" 81°25'28" 502 705 130,000 .0004 do. Krause and 

Randolph (1989)

do.

do. Long 33M004 USGS TW-3 31°38'54" 81°36'04" 538 870 250,000 .0007 do. Randolph and 

others (1985)

do.

do. Lowndes 19F101 Valdosta, Ga. Deep 

Observation

30°54'51" 83°15'05" 180 450 94,000 SL McConnell and 

Hacke (1993)

do.

do. McIntosh 35L085 Dan Hawthorne 1 31°36'08" 81°18'27" 1,144 1,422 6,000 do. Harrelson and Falls 

(2003)

LF

do. Montgomery 25R002 City of Mt. 

Vernon

32°10'47" 82°35'37" 347 400 5,500 SC Kellam and 

Gorday (1990)

UF

do. Pulaski 18S012 Opelika Mfg. 

Company 2

32°16'52" 83°27'57" 306 361 9,800 SL Faye and 

McFadden (1986)

(LF)

Table A-1. Transmissivity and storage coefficient of the Upper and Lower Floridan aquifers and equivalent clastic units, coastal Georgia 

and adjacent parts of South Carolina and Florida—Continued[ft, foot; ft2/d, feet squared per day; %, percent; do., ditto; ft/d/ft, foot/day/foot; °, degrees; ', minutes; ", seconds; SJWMD, St. Johns River Water Management Dist

USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; SCDNR, South Carolina Department of Natural Resources. State: FL, Florida; GA, Georgia; SC, South Carolina. Method: NL, no

aquifer analysis; SC, transmissivity based on specific capacity; SL, straight line analytical solution; V, van der Kamp analysis of oscillating flow (Kruseman and d

method not cited. Hydrologic unit: UF, Upper Floridan aquifer; LF, Lower Floridan aquifer; UF,LF, Upper and Lower Floridan aquifers; hydrologic unit enclosed 

updip aquifer equivalent to the carbonate Upper or Lower Floridan aquifers]

State County Well identifier Other identifier Latitude Longitude

Below land surface

Transmissivity 

(ft2/d)

Storage 

coefficient Method Reference Hydrologi

unit 

Top of open 

interval (ft)

Bottom of 

open 

interval 

(ft)
GA Pulaski 18S015 Hartford 2 32°16'52" 83°26'24" 374 420 2,100 SC Brooks and others 

(1985)

(LF)

do. Screven 32U018 J.P. King # 2 32°36'18" 81°44'25" 253 670 13,000 do. do. UFdo. do. 32W015 Sylvania #2 32°45'10" 81°38'12" 150 301 4,100 SL USGS files do.do. do. 33X037 Millhaven Buena 

Vista

32°57'56" 81°37'22" 370 565 3,500 do. Faye and 

McFadden (1986)

(LF)

do. do. 33X051 USGS Millhaven 

TW-1

32°53'25" 81°35'43" 50 80 1,900 do. Clarke and others 

(1996)

(UF)

do. do. 33X052 USGS Millhaven 

TW-2

32°53'25" 81°35'43" 155 205 5,600 do. do. do.

do. do. 33X053 USGS Millhaven 

TW-3

32°53'25" 81°35'43" 225 280 1,300 do. do. do.

do. Tattnall 28Q002 Georgia State 

Prison # 1

32°00'13" 82°09'54" 500 810 7,100 SC Kellam and 

Gorday (1990)

do.

do. do. 29Q001 City of Reidsville # 

1

32°05'03" 82°07'10" 560 713 8,500 do. do. do.

do. Telfair 22Q001 City of McRae # 1 32°04'01" 82°53'46" 120 640 76,000 do. do. do.do. do. 22Q003 City of McRae # 3 32°03''54" 82°54'40" 235 545 41,000 do. do. do.do. do. 24P006 City of Lumber 

City # 1

31°55'48" 82°41'06" 350 450 7,900 do. do. do.

do. do. 24P008 N.S. Wheeler 31°55'27" 82°40'33" 400 778 6,700 do. do. do.do. Tift 17K062 City of Tifton #2 31°27'26" 83°30'46" 275 501 50,000 do. Kellam and 

Gorday (1990)

do.

do. do. 18K001 City of Tifton 31°24'51" 83°29'24" 390 610 33,000 do. do. do.

Table A-1. Transmissivity and storage coefficient of the Upper and Lower Floridan aquifers and equivalent clastic units, coastal Georgia and adjacent parts of South Carolina and Florida—Continued[ft, foot; ft2/d, feet squared per day; %, percent; do., ditto; ft/d/ft, foot/day/foot; °, degrees; ', minutes; ", seconds; SJWMD, St. Johns River Water Management Di

USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; SCDNR, South Carolina Department of Natural Resources. State: FL, Florida; GA, Georgia; SC, South Carolina. Method: NL, n

aquifer analysis; SC, transmissivity based on specific capacity; SL, straight line analytical solution; V, van der Kamp analysis of oscillating flow (Kruseman and 

method not cited. Hydrologic unit: UF, Upper Floridan aquifer; LF, Lower Floridan aquifer; UF,LF, Upper and Lower Floridan aquifers; hydrologic unit enclose

updip aquifer equivalent to the carbonate Upper or Lower Floridan aquifers]

State County Well identifier Other identifier Latitude Longitude

Below land surface

Transmissivity 

(ft2/d)

Storage 

coefficient Method Reference Hydrolog

unit 

Top of open 

interval (ft)

Bottom of 

open 

interval 

(ft)
GA Toombs 26R001 City of Vidalia # 2 32°13'02" 82°24'36" 720 1,000 9,800 SC Kellam and Gorday (1990) UF do. do. 26R003 City of Vidalia 32°12'39" 82°23'22" 442 800 14,000 do. do. do. do. Ware 27G004 USGS TW 2, Ware County 31°07'05" 82°15'56" 636 1,785 1,000,000 150,000 NLV Matthews and Krause (1984); R.E. Faye, USGS retired, written commun., 2002 UF,LF 

do. Washington 22Y007 Test Hole 2 33°02'36" 82°56'49" 36 114 2,700 do. Faye and 

McFadden (1986)

(LF) 

do. do. 22Y008 Test Hole 3 33°01'01" 82°57'05" 33 200 720 do. do. do. do. do. 23X034 Holmes Canning 

Company, 2

32°56'19" 82°45'01" 182 335 2,400 SC Brooks and others 

(1985)

do.

do. Wayne 30K004 Justiss Mears 

BP&P #1

31°27'19" 81°52'53" 662 770 270,000 0.0004 NL Randolph and 

others (1985)

UF

do. do. 30L003 Homer Johnson 31°37'01" 81°54'34" 472 584 240,000 .0006 do. do. do.do. do. 31L001 BP&P J Mears 2 31°31'04" 81°52'18" 587 691 260,000 .0004 do. do. do.do. do. 31M009 ITT Rayonier D1, 

GGS-297

31°39'42" 81°50'39" 480 1,009 280,000 .0005 do. do. do.

do. do. 31M010 ITT Rayonier D2 31°39'34" 81°50'22" 486 1,010 270,000 .0005 do. do. do.do. do. 31M013 ITT Rayonier D5 31°38'59" 81°49'59" 500 1,000 220,000 .0002 do. do. do.do. do. 31M014 ITT Rayonier D6 31°39'11" 81°50'20" 493 1,000 230,000 .0004 do. do. do.do. Wheeler 22Q004 Little Ocmulgee 

State Park

32°05'42" 82°53'09" 194 248 8,200 SC Kellam and 

Gorday (1990)

do.

do. do. 23R001 City of Alamo # 2 32°08'59" 82°46'43" 352 600 3,300 do. do. do.

Table A-1. Transmissivity and storage coefficient of the Upper and Lower Floridan aquifers and equivalent clastic units, coastal Georgia 

and adjacent parts of South Carolina and Florida—Continued[ft, foot; ft2/d, feet squared per day; %, percent; do., ditto; ft/d/ft, foot/day/foot; °, degrees; ', minutes; ", seconds; SJWMD, St. Johns River Water Management Dis

USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; SCDNR, South Carolina Department of Natural Resources. State: FL, Florida; GA, Georgia; SC, South Carolina. Method: NL, n

aquifer analysis; SC, transmissivity based on specific capacity; SL, straight line analytical solution; V, van der Kamp analysis of oscillating flow (Kruseman and 

method not cited. Hydrologic unit: UF, Upper Floridan aquifer; LF, Lower Floridan aquifer; UF,LF, Upper and Lower Floridan aquifers; hydrologic unit enclose

updip aquifer equivalent to the carbonate Upper or Lower Floridan aquifers]

State County Well identifier Other identifier Latitude Longitude

Below land surface

Transmissivity 

(ft2/d)

Storage 

coefficient Method Reference Hydrolog

unit 

Top of open 

interval (ft)

Bottom of 

open 

interval 

(ft)
SC Allendale 33AA-y5 ALL-353 33°00'27" 81°19'15" 290 340 3,900 SL Newcome (2000) LF 

do. do. 33BB-p1 ALL-326 32°56'35" 81°14'21" 257 344 500 do. do. do. do. do. 33Z-y1 ALL-48 33°05'18" 81°14'20" 180 310 4,000 do. do. do. do. do. 34AA-q2 ALL-268 - town 

of Allendale

33°01'01" 81°18'07" 240 328 2,900 do. Aucott and 

Newcome (1986)

do.

do. do. 34AA-q3 ALL-320 33°01'06" 81°18'32" 154 444 3,300 do. Newcome (2000) do. do. do. 34AA-x4 ALL-310 33°01'01" 81°18'07" 240 329 3,300 do. do. do. do. do. 35AA-q7 ALL-375 33°01'30" 81°23'03" 453 578 970 0.0004 NL USGS files do.do. do. 35AA-q8 ALL-374 33°01'30" 81°23'03" 450 575 1,200 .0003 do. do. do.do. do. 36AA-o1 ALL-27 - Sandoz, 

Inc. no. 1

33°02'23" 81°29'19" 460 794 1,100 SL Faye and 

McFadden (1986)

(LF)

do. do. 372-q3 ALL-66 - Creek 

Plantation

33°06'55" 81°33'56" 390 720 7,100 NL do. do.

do. Bamburg 31X-m5 BAM-24 33°17'19" 81°02'27" 140 364 680 SL Newcome (2000) LF do. do. 31Y-q1 BAM-62 33°11'40" 81°03'32" 46 260 1,700 do. do. do. do. do. 31Z-t1 BAM-26 33°06'10" 81°00'10" 94 225 670 do. do. do. do. do. 32X-d1 BAM-23 33°19'27" 81°08'25" 162 296 1,300 do. do. do. do. do. 32X-g2 BAM-22 33°18'57" 81°08'19" 162 302 800 do. do. do. do. Barnwell 33Z-n1 BRN-295 33°07'37" 81°13'45" 175 200 6,300 do. do. do. do. do. 34W-s4 BRN-75 33°21'40" 81°16'30" 204 470 4,100 do. do. (LF) do. do. 34X-u1 BRN-886 33°15'49" 81°15'05" 290 345 800 do. do. do. do. do. 35Y-b8 BRN-60 33°14'07" 81°21'59" 218 327 11,000 do. do. do. do. do. 35Y-c4 BRN-57 33°14'10" 81°22'45" 180 320 4,700 do. do. do. 

Table A-1. Transmissivity and storage coefficient of the Upper and Lower Floridan aquifers and equivalent clastic units, coastal Georgia and adjacent parts of South Carolina and Florida—Continued[ft, foot; ft2/d, feet squared per day; %, percent; do., ditto; ft/d/ft, foot/day/foot; °, degrees; ', minutes; ", seconds; SJWMD, St. Johns River Water Management Di

USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; SCDNR, South Carolina Department of Natural Resources. State: FL, Florida; GA, Georgia; SC, South Carolina. Method: NL, n

aquifer analysis; SC, transmissivity based on specific capacity; SL, straight line analytical solution; V, van der Kamp analysis of oscillating flow (Kruseman and 

method not cited. Hydrologic unit: UF, Upper Floridan aquifer; LF, Lower Floridan aquifer; UF,LF, Upper and Lower Floridan aquifers; hydrologic unit enclose

updip aquifer equivalent to the carbonate Upper or Lower Floridan aquifers]

State County Well identifier Other identifier Latitude Longitude

Below land surface

Transmissivity 

(ft2/d)

Storage 

coefficient Method Reference Hydrolog

unit 

Top of open 

interval (ft)

Bottom of 

open 

interval 

(ft)
SC Barnwell 35Y-c7 BRN-61 33°14'30" 81°23'10" 220 315 5,900 SL Newcome (2000) (LF) 

do. do. 37W-x1 BRN-469 33°20'30" 81°33'30" 175 200 2,000 do. do. do. do. do. 37X-w1 BRN-810 33°15'58" 81°32'36" 182 213 2,000 0.0003 do. do. do. do. do. 37Y-f2 BRN-268 33°13'24" 81°34'54" 360 605 6,700 do. do. do. do. do. 37Y-g2 BRN-466 33°13'19" 81°33'06" 262 335 1,100 do. do. do. do. do. 37Y-g3 BRN-465 33°13'20" 81°33'07" 230 374 1,500 do. do. do. do. do. 38Y-h6 BRN-811 33°13'24" 81°37'02" 260 270 170 do. do. do. do. Beaufort 24JJ-c1 BFT-449 32°19'30" 80°27'37" 96 150 1,900 do. do. UF do. do. 25HH-p12 BFT-1566 32°26'15" 80°34'32" 59 66 4,300 do. Aucott and 

Newcome (1986)

do. 

do. do. 25HH-p17 BFT-1570 32°26'28" 80°34'32" 51 59 2,900 do. Newcome (2000) do. do. do. 25HH-p6 BFT-1560 32°26'02" 80°34'56" 50 58 2,500 do. do. do. do. do. 25II-e4 BFT-1784 32°24'03" 80°34'32" 73 78 5,600 .002 NL do. do. do. do. 26II-l3 BFT-1787 32°22'04" 80°36'36" 64 66 20,000 .0001 do. do. do. do. do. 26II-s5 BFT-1788 32°21'59" 80°36'10" 55 70 20,000 .0003 do. do. do. do. do. 26II-w16 BFT-1793 32°20'09" 80°37'36" 90 120 17,000 .0001 do. do. do. do. do. 27HH-n9 BFT-2066 32°27'18" 80°43'05" 120 170 790 SL do. do. do. do. 27HH-o3 BFT-114 32°27'52" 80°44'26" 83 100 3,600 .00004 NL do. do. do. do. 27II-l30 BFT-1973 32°22'28" 80°41'37" 52 88 13,000 .0001 SL do. do. do. do. 27II-l5 BFT-795 32°22'26" 80°41'35" 45 94 15,000 .0003 NL do. do. do. do. 27JJ-i10 BFT 2255 32°18'25" 80°41'12" 283 603 530 SL SCDNR files do. 

Table A-1. Transmissivity and storage coefficient of the Upper and Lower Floridan aquifers and equivalent clastic units, coastal Georgia and adjacent parts of South Carolina and Florida—Continued[ft, foot; ft2/d, feet squared per day; %, percent; do., ditto; ft/d/ft, foot/day/foot; °, degrees; ', minutes; ", seconds; SJWMD, St. Johns River Water Management Dis

USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; SCDNR, South Carolina Department of Natural Resources. State: FL, Florida; GA, Georgia; SC, South Carolina. Method: NL, naquifer analysis; SC, transmissivity based on specific capacity; SL, straight line analytical solution; V, van der Kamp analysis of oscillating flow (Kruseman and 

method not cited. Hydrologic unit: UF, Upper Floridan aquifer; LF, Lower Floridan aquifer; UF,LF, Upper and Lower Floridan aquifers; hydrologic unit enclose

updip aquifer equivalent to the carbonate Upper or Lower Floridan aquifers]

State County Well identifier Other identifier Latitude Longitude

Below land surface

Transmissivity 

(ft2/d)

Storage 

coefficient Method Reference Hydrolog

unit 

Top of open 

interval (ft)

Bottom of 

open 

interval 

(ft)
SC Beaufort 27JJ-i4 BFT-1840 32°18'20" 80°41'23" 250 602 1,200 SL Newcome (2000) UF 

do. do. 27JJ-i9 BFT-2248 32°18'44" 80°41'02" 295 632 700 do. do. do. do. do. 27JJ-q2 BFT-1809 32°16'03" 80°43'22" 227 890 6,700 do. do. do. do. do. 27KK-f22 BFT-1868 32°13'52" 80°45'00" 140 220 92,000 do. do. do. do. do. 27KK-f23 BFT-1869 32°13'11" 80°44'44" 146 226 110,000 do. do. do. do. do. 27KK-g1 BFT-985 32°13'41" 80°43'42" 542 630 27,000 do. Gawne and Park 

(1992)

do. 

do. do. 27KK-h1 BFT-652 32°13'13" 80°42'30" 135 200 64,000 do. Newcome (2000) do. do. do. 27KK-h4 BFT-1591 32°13'38" 80°42'08" 131 200 94,000 do. do. do. do. do. 27KK-j5 BFT-1813 32°13'58" 80°40'38" 276 600 6,000 do. do. do. do. do. 27KK-l12 BFT-2185 32°12'37" 80°42'04" 314 600 19,000 do. do. do. do. do. 27KK-m46 BFT-1632 32°12'44" 80°42'47" 110 200 80,000 do. do. do. do. do. 27KK-n15 BFT-1685 32°12'07" 80°43'32" 118 200 67,000 do. do. do. do. do. 27KK-o10 BFT-1820 32°12'17" 80°44'57" 316 320 11,000 do. Gawne and Park 

(1992); Newcome (2000)

do. 

do. do. 27KK-q5 BFT-1589 32°11'19" 80°43'01" 126 198 51,000 do. Newcome (2000) do. do. do. 27KK-x8 BFT-758 32°10'29" 80°43'28" 145 200 72,000 0.0001 NL do. do. do. do. 27LL-d2 BFT-671 32°09'22" 80°43'56" 145 221 80,000 SL do. do. do. do. 27LL-e11 BFT-1590 32°09'44" 80°44'12" 140 198 84,000 do. do. do. do. do. 27LL-e12 BFT-1947 32°09'42" 80°44'12" 140 200 99,000 do. do. do. do. do. 28GG-a10 BFT-1756 32°34'28" 80°45'06" 124 224 1,100 .0001 NL do. do. do. do. 28GG-x1 BFT-1790 32°30'52" 80°48'39" 83 140 24,000 .0002 do. do. do. do. do. 28HH-k12 BFT-1731 32°27'22" 80°45'57" 90 112 1,600 SL do. do. 

Table A-1. Transmissivity and storage coefficient of the Upper and Lower Floridan aquifers and equivalent clastic units, coastal Georgia and adjacent parts of South Carolina and Florida—Continued[ft, foot; ft2/d, feet squared per day; %, percent; do., ditto; ft/d/ft, foot/day/foot; °, degrees; ', minutes; ", seconds; SJWMD, St. Johns River Water Management Dist

USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; SCDNR, South Carolina Department of Natural Resources. State: FL, Florida; GA, Georgia; SC, South Carolina. Method: NL, no

aquifer analysis; SC, transmissivity based on specific capacity; SL, straight line analytical solution; V, van der Kamp analysis of oscillating flow (Kruseman and d

method not cited. Hydrologic unit: UF, Upper Floridan aquifer; LF, Lower Floridan aquifer; UF,LF, Upper and Lower Floridan aquifers; hydrologic unit enclosed updip aquifer equivalent to the carbonate Upper or Lower Floridan aquifers]

State County Well identifier Other identifier Latitude Longitude

Below land surface

Transmissivity 

(ft2/d)

Storage 

coefficient Method Reference Hydrologi

unit 

Top of open 

interval (ft)

Bottom of 

open 

interval 

(ft)
SC Beaufort 28HH-t2 BFT-115 32°26'15" 80°45'36" 72 95 4,000 .0001 NL Newcome (2000) UF 

do. do. 28HH-t7 BFT-22 32°26'18" 80°45'50" 80 84 11,000 .0001 do. do. do. do. do. 28JJ-e8 BFT-2067 32°19'32" 80°49'25" 240 560 15,000 SL do. do. do. do. 28JJ-f4 BFT-1630 32°18'27" 80°49'30" 100 200 45,000 0.0004 NL do. do. do. do. 28JJ-h5 BFT-2265 32°18'16" 80°47'45" 397 587 11,000 SL do. do. do. do. 28JJ-m7 BFT-2233 32°17'31" 80°47'37" 393 587 13,000 do. do. do. do. do. 28JJ-n2 BFT-1389 32°17'03" 80°48'59" 125 192 18,000 do. do. do. do. do. 28JJ-p5 BFT-1845 32°16'51" 80°49'17" 255 600 8,800 do. do. do. do. do. 28JJ-y2 BFT-499 32°15'08" 80°49'42" 97 209 56,000 .0002 NL do. do. do. do. 28JJ-y3 BFT-500 32°15'02" 80°49'43" 100 340 58,000 SL SCDNR files do. do. do. 28JJ-y4 BFT-1326 32°15'09" 80°49'11" 140 200 24,000 do. Newcome (2000) do. do. do. 28KK-c1 BFT-2229 32°14'00" 80°48'00" 357 568 11,000 do. do. do. do. do. 28KK-d6 BFT-1330 32°14'25" 80°48'37" 140 174 27,000 do. do. do. do. do. 28KK-e1 BFT-358 32°14'55" 80°49'44" 101 380 78,000 do. SCDNR files do. do. do. 29II-s5 BFT-2242 32°21'28" 80°51'42" 298 600 4,000 do. Newcome (2000) do. do. do. 29II-y2 BFT 2273 32°20'10" 80°54'48" 314 582 5,300 do. SCDNR files do. do. do. 29JJ-d6 BFT-2243 32°19'57" 80°53'27" 357 555 4,000 do. Newcome (2000) do. do. do. 29JJ-e11 BFT-1766 32°19'50" 80°54'32" 130 215 53,000 .0003 NL do. do. do. do. 29JJ-l5 BFT-2222 32°17'08" 80°51'38" 353 490 8,200 SL do. do. do. do. 29JJ-m2 BFT-1452 32°17'36" 80°52'06" 160 200 23,000 do. do. do. 

Table A-1. Transmissivity and storage coefficient of the Upper and Lower Floridan aquifers and equivalent clastic units, coastal Georgia and adjacent parts of South Carolina and Florida—Continued[ft, foot; ft2/d, feet squared per day; %, percent; do., ditto; ft/d/ft, foot/day/foot; °, degrees; ', minutes; ", seconds; SJWMD, St. Johns River Water Management Di

USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; SCDNR, South Carolina Department of Natural Resources. State: FL, Florida; GA, Georgia; SC, South Carolina. Method: NL, naquifer analysis; SC, transmissivity based on specific capacity; SL, straight line analytical solution; V, van der Kamp analysis of oscillating flow (Kruseman and 

method not cited. Hydrologic unit: UF, Upper Floridan aquifer; LF, Lower Floridan aquifer; UF,LF, Upper and Lower Floridan aquifers; hydrologic unit enclose

updip aquifer equivalent to the carbonate Upper or Lower Floridan aquifers]

State County Well identifier Other identifier Latitude Longitude

Below land surface

Transmissivity 

(ft2/d)

Storage 

coefficient Method Reference Hydrolog

unit 

Top of open 

interval (ft)

Bottom of 

open 

interval 

(ft)
SC Beaufort 29JJ-o3 BFT-2202 32°17'52" 80°54'10" 357 568 3,500 SL Newcome (2000) UF 

do. do. 29JJ-q2 BFT-1418 32°16'57" 80°53'07" 160 200 23,000 do. do. do. do. do. 29JJ-v2 BFT-1800 32°15'55" 80°51'47" 140 205 35,000 do. do. do. do. do. 29JJ-v3 BFT-2264 32°15'45" 80°51'17" 356 576 18,000 do. do. do. do. do. 29KK-a3 BFT-1870 32°14'54" 80°50'27" 43 205 50,000 do. do. do. do. do. 29LL-j4 BFT-309 32°08'15" 80°50'58" 140 242 40,000 do. SCDNR files do. do. do. 29LL-k6 BFT-2241 32°07'52" 80°50'42" 441 638 13,000 do. Newcome (2000) do. do. do. 29LL-l1 BFT-310 32°07'53" 80°51'09" 125 192 40,000 0.0001 NL do. do. do. do. 29LL-l2 BFT-1438 32°07'56" 80°51'41" 107 140 2,300 SL do. do. do. do. 29LL-s1 BFT-1794 32°06'21" 80°51'43" 170 240 40,000 do. do. do. do. do. 30JJ-k1 BFT-2038 32°17'09" 80°55'17" 139 220 43,000 do. do. do. do. do. 30JJ-l1 BFT-2090 32°17'27" 80°56'58" 346 520 6,000 do. do. do. do. do. 30JJ-m1 BFT-2089 32°17'22" 80°57'22" 321 523 4,400 do. do. do. do. do. 30JJ-n1 BFT-2256 32°17'13" 80°58'54" 336 512 5,300 do. do. do. do. do. 30JJ-t2 BFT-2086 32°16'58" 80°55'31" 299 450 7,200 do. do. do. do. Colleton 27DD-b1 COL-275 32°49'28" 80°41'50" 125 575 900 do. do. LF do. do. 30AA-c4 COL-232 33°04'02" 80°57'14" 450 510 2,000 do. do. do. do. Hampton 32CC-l15 HAM-162 32°52'33" 81°06'50" 50 120 1,200 .0001 NL do. UF do. do. 33CC-p2 HAM-209 32°51'35" 81°14'12" 175 5,700 SL do. do. do. do. 33CC-p3 HAM-219 32°51'34" 81°14'30" 102 150 6,100 do. do. do. 

Table A-1. Transmissivity and storage coefficient of the Upper and Lower Floridan aquifers and equivalent clastic units, coastal Georgia 

and adjacent parts of South Carolina and Florida—Continued[ft, foot; ft2/d, feet squared per day; %, percent; do., ditto; ft/d/ft, foot/day/foot; °, degrees; ', minutes; ", seconds; SJWMD, St. Johns River Water Management Dis

USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; SCDNR, South Carolina Department of Natural Resources. State: FL, Florida; GA, Georgia; SC, South Carolina. Method: NL, n

aquifer analysis; SC, transmissivity based on specific capacity; SL, straight line analytical solution; V, van der Kamp analysis of oscillating flow (Kruseman and d

method not cited. Hydrologic unit: UF, Upper Floridan aquifer; LF, Lower Floridan aquifer; UF,LF, Upper and Lower Floridan aquifers; hydrologic unit enclosed 

updip aquifer equivalent to the carbonate Upper or Lower Floridan aquifers]

State County Well identifier Other identifier Latitude Longitude

Below land surface

Transmissivity 

(ft2/d)

Storage 

coefficient Method Reference Hydrolog

unit 

Top of open 

interval (ft)

Bottom of 

open 

interval 

(ft)
aAccording to Spechler (1994), multi-aquifer wells completed in the Upper and Lower Floridan aquifers in Duvall County, Florida, probably derive much of their yield from the Low

SC Hampton 33EE-c4 HAM-195 32°44'52" 81°12'32" 131 251 12,000 .0002 NL Whiting and Park 

(1990); Newcome (2000)

UF 

do. do. 33EE-f2 HAM-211 32°44'58" 81°14'15" 125 160 11,000 SL Newcome (2000) do. do. do. 33EE-v3 HAM-208 32°40'51" 81°11'18" 145 280 3,300 do. do. do. do. Jasper 29II-o1 JAS-104 32°22'11" 8054'51" 145 330 47,000 .0004 do. Aucott and 

Newcome (1986)

do. 

do. do. 30HH-o1 JAS-346 32°27'59" 80°59'36" 130 220 39,000 do. Newcome (2000) do. do. do. 31GG-o3 JAS-390 32°32'05" 81°04'30" 240 500 51,000 do. do. do. do. do. 31GG-p5 JAS-389 32°31'48" 81°04'23" 140 300 51,000 0.0004 NL do. do. do. do. 31GG-x5 JAS-384 32°30'07" 81°03'32" 115 180 48,000 SL do. do. do. do. 31HH-b3 JAS-375 32°29'08" 81°01'49" 118 220 53,000 do. do. do. do. do. 31HH-m3 JAS-386 32°27'53" 81°02'45" 118 220 36,000 do. do. do. do. do. 31JJ-t1 JAS-342 32°16'19" 81°05'00" 208 400 67,000 do. do. do. do. do. 32GG-n1 JAS-391 32°32'59" 81°08'17" 252 545 57,000 do. do. do. do. do. 32GG-n2 JAS-392 32°32'35" 81°08'08" 252 555 46,000 do. do. do. 

do do 32HH-s2 JAS-372 32°26'48" 81°06'08" 142 204 35,000 do. do. do. 

Table A-1. Transmissivity and storage coefficient of the Upper and Lower Floridan aquifers and equivalent clastic units, coastal Georgia 

and adjacent parts of South Carolina and Florida—Continued[ft, foot; ft2/d, feet squared per day; %, percent; do., ditto; ft/d/ft, foot/day/foot; °, degrees; ', minutes; ", seconds; SJWMD, St. Johns River Water Management Dist

USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; SCDNR, South Carolina Department of Natural Resources. State: FL, Florida; GA, Georgia; SC, South Carolina. Method: NL, no

aquifer analysis; SC, transmissivity based on specific capacity; SL, straight line analytical solution; V, van der Kamp analysis of oscillating flow (Kruseman and d

method not cited. Hydrologic unit: UF, Upper Floridan aquifer; LF, Lower Floridan aquifer; UF,LF, Upper and Lower Floridan aquifers; hydrologic unit enclosed 

updip aquifer equivalent to the carbonate Upper or Lower Floridan aquifers]

State County Well identifier Other identifier Latitude Longitude

Below land surface

Transmissivity 

(ft2/d)

Storage 

coefficient Method Reference Hydrologi

unit 

Top of open 

interval (ft)

Bottom of 

open 

interval 

(ft)