Summary and Explanation for 

Exemption under Section 333 

Summary 

GDA Engineers seeks exemption from the requirements of C.F.R. §§ 61.113(a), 

91.7(a), 91.119(c), 91.121, 91.151(a)(1), 91.405(a), 91.407(a)(1), 91.409(a)(1) & (a)(2), and 

91.417(a) & (b), to operate an Unmanned Aircraft System pursuant to Section 333 of the FAA 

Modernization and Reform Act of 2012 (FMRA). This exemption will permit GDA Engineers to 

operate an Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) for the commercial purpose of conducting aerial 

acquisition and research within the National Airspace System (NAS). 

 
Information and Purpose 

 Graham, Dietz, and Associates DBA GDA Engineers (hereinafter referred to as “GDA”), 

is a surveying, planning and engineering consulting firm headquartered in Cody, Wyoming. 

GDA has been in business since 1953 and undertake engineering challenges with a core focus on 

specific markets such as: the petroleum industry, federal and state government projects, mining 

and natural resources, industrial and commercial operations, and infrastructure. GDA provides 

services, such as: aviation surveying, planning and engineering, civil surveying and engineering, 

environmental studies, and private and public land survey. 

 As set forth in this Petition, GDA seeks to commercially operate its Trimble UX5 UAS 

within the NAS for the purpose of conducting aerial acquisitions and research. 

The Specific Sections of 14 C.F.R. 

From Which GDA Seeks Exemption

1. GDA Seeks Exemption from the Requirements of Section 61.113(a) and (b) 

Section 61.113, entitled Private pilot privileges and limitations: Pilot in 

command, subsections (a) prescribes the following, in part: 

(a) No person who holds a private pilot certificate may act as a pilot in command (PIC) of 

an aircraft that is carrying passengers or property for compensation or hire; nor may that 

person, for compensation or hire, act as PIC of an aircraft. 

2. GDA Seeks Exemption from the Requirements of Section 91.7(a) 

Section 91.7, entitled Civil aircraft airworthiness, subsection (a), states the 

following: 

(a) No person may operate a civil aircraft unless it is in an airworthy condition. 

 

3. GDA Seeks Exemption from the Requirements of Section 91.119(c) 

Section 91.119(c), entitled Minimum safe altitudes: (c) Over other than congested 

areas, states the following, in part: 

Except when necessary for takeoff or landing, no person may operate an aircraft 

below the following altitudes: 
(c) Over other than congested areas. An altitude of 500 feet above the surface, except 

over open water or sparsely populated areas. In those cases, the aircraft may not be 

operated closer than 500 feet to any person, vessel, vehicle, or structure. 

 

4. GDA Seeks Exemption from the Requirements of Section 91.121 

Section 91.121, entitled Altimeter settings, subsection (a), states the following, in 

relevant part: 

(a) Each person operating an aircraft shall maintain the cruising altitude or flight level of 

that aircraft, as the case may be, by reference to an altimeter that is set, when operating-- 

(1) Below 18,000 feet MSL, to-- 

 

(i) The current reported altimeter setting of a station along the route and within 100 

nautical miles of the aircraft; 

(ii) If there is no station within the area prescribed in paragraph (a)(1)(i) of this 

section, the current reported altimeter setting of an appropriate available station; or 

(iii)In the case of an aircraft not equipped with a radio, the elevation of the departure 

airport or an appropriate altimeter setting available before departure; 

5. GDA Seeks Exemption from the Requirements of Section 91.151(a)

Section 91.151, entitled Fuel requirements for flight in VFR conditions, 

subsection (a)(1), states the following: 

(a) No person may begin a flight in an airplane under VFR conditions unless 

(considering wind and forecast weather conditions) there is enough fuel to fly to the 

first point of intended landing and, assuming normal cruising speed-- 

(1) During the day, to fly after that for at least 30 minutes; or 

(2) At night, to fly after that for at least 45 minutes. 

6. GDA Seeks Exemption from the Requirement of Section 91.405(a) 

Section 91.405, entitled Maintenance required, subsection (a), states the 

following: 
Each owner or operator of an aircraft— 

(a) Shall have that aircraft inspected as prescribed in subpart E of this part and shall 

between required inspections, except as provided in paragraph (c) of this section, 

have discrepancies repaired as prescribed in part 43 of this chapter[.] 

 

7. GDA Seeks Exemption from the Requirements of Section 91.407(a)(1) 

Section 91.407, entitled Operation after maintenance, preventive maintenance, 

rebuilding, or alteration, subsection (a)(1), states the following: 

(a) No person may operate any aircraft that has undergone maintenance, preventive 

maintenance, rebuilding, or alteration unless-- 

(1) It has been approved for return to service by a person authorized under § 43.7 of 

this chapter[.] 

 

8. GDA Seeks Exemption from the Requirements of Sections 91.409(a)(1) And 

91.409(a)(2) 

Section 91.409, entitled Inspections, subsection (a), states the following: 

(a) Except as provided in paragraph (c) of this section, no person may operate an 

aircraft unless, within the preceding 12 calendar months, it has had -- 

(1) An annual inspection in accordance with part 43 of this chapter and has been 

approved for return to service by a person authorized by § 43.7 of this chapter; or 

(2) An inspection for the issuance of an airworthiness certificate in accordance with 

part 21 of this chapter. 

 

9. GDA Seeks Exemption from the Requirements of Sections 91.417(a) And 91.417(b)

Section 91.417, entitled Maintenance records, subsections (a) and (b), state the 

following: 

(a) Except for work performed in accordance with §§ 91.411 and 91.413, each registered 

owner or operator shall keep the following records for the periods specified in paragraph 

(b) of this section: 

(1) Records of the maintenance, preventive maintenance, and alteration and records of 

the 100-hour, annual, progressive, and other required or approved inspections, as 
appropriate, for each aircraft (including the airframe) and each engine, propeller, 

rotor, and appliance of an aircraft. The records must include— 

(i) A description (or reference to data acceptable to the Administrator) of the work 

performed; and 

(ii) The date of completion of the work performed; and 

(iii) The signature, and certificate number of the person approving the aircraft for 

return to service. 

(2) Records containing the following information: 

(i) The total time in service of the airframe, each engine, each propeller, and each 

rotor. 

(ii) The current status of life-limited parts of each airframe, engine, propeller, rotor, 

and appliance. 

(iii) The time since last overhaul of all items installed on the aircraft which are 

required to be overhauled on a specified time basis. 

(iv) The current inspection status of the aircraft, including the time since the last 

inspection required by the inspection program under which the aircraft and its 

appliances are maintained. 

(v) The current status of applicable airworthiness directives (AD) and safety 

directives including, for each, the method of compliance, the AD or safety 

directive number and revision date. If the AD or safety directive involves 

recurring action, the time and date when the next action is required. 

(vi) Copies of the forms prescribed by § 43.9(d) of this chapter for each major 

alteration to the airframe and currently installed engines, rotors, propellers, and 

appliances. 

(b) The owner or operator shall retain the following records for the periods prescribed: 

(1) The records specified in paragraph (a)(1) of this section shall be retained until the 

work is repeated or superseded by other work or for 1 year after the work is 

performed. 

(2) The records specified in paragraph (a)(2) of this section shall be retained and 

transferred with the aircraft at the time the aircraft is sold. 
(3) A list of defects furnished to a registered owner or operator under § 43.11 of this 

chapter shall be retained until the defects are repaired and the aircraft is approved for 

return to service. 

The Extent of Relief GDA Seeks and 

the Reason GDA Seeks the Relief 

1. Extent of Relief GDA Seeks and the Reason GDA Seeks Relief from Section 

61.113(a)

Relief from Section 61.113(a), entitled Private pilot privileges and limitations: Pilot in 

command, is requested to the extent necessary to allow a PIC holding a private pilot certificate 

and an airman medical certificate, and who has completed the Trimble UX5 UAS training 

requirements, to conduct the proposed UAS flight operations for compensation. This relief is 

requested since the limitation set forth in Section 61.113(a) states that no person who holds a 

private pilot certificate may act as pilot in command of an aircraft that is carrying passengers or 

property for compensation or hire; nor may that person, for compensation or hire, act as pilot in 

command of an aircraft. 

 GDA agrees that an equivalent level of safety will be maintained because no PIC will be 

allowed to operate the Trimble UX5 unless that PIC has met certain flight-hour requirements. 

The PIC will demonstrate the ability to safely operate the Trimble UX5 UAS in a manner 

consistent with the operations specifications as set forth herein, including evasive and emergency 

maneuvers, as well as maintaining appropriate distances from people, vessels, vehicles and 

structures. 

 Further, GDA proposes that the additional airmanship experience of a commercially 

certified pilot would be unnecessary for the GDA’s specific proposed operations. 

2. Extent of Relief GDA Seeks and the Reason GDA Seeks Relief from Section 91.7(a)

 Relief from Section 91.7(a), entitled Civil aircraft airworthiness, is requested to the 

extent required to allow GDA to determine that the Trimble UX5 UAS is in an airworthy 

condition prior to every flight by ensuring that the UAS is in compliance with the Trimble UX5 
Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide and Maintenance, attached as Appendix B and C, 

respectively. 

 GDA seeks the requested relief because the Trimble UX5 UAS does not require an 

airworthiness certificate in accordance with 14 C.F.R. Part 21, Subpart H. Therefore, GDA will 

ensure that the Trimble UX5 UAS is in an airworthy condition based upon its compliance with 

the operating documents prior to every flight, and as stated in the conditions and limitations 

(Appendix D). 

3. Extent of Relief GDA Seeks and the Reason GDA Seeks Relief from Section 

91.119(c) 

 Relief from Section 91.119(c), entitled Minimum safe altitudes: (c) Over other than 

congested areas, is required because all proposed operations of the Trimble UX5 UAS will take 

place at an altitude at or below 400 feet AGL. The relief is requested since the limitations set 

forth in Section 91.119(c) state that no person may operate an aircraft below 500 feet above the 

surface. As set forth more fully below, GDA submits that a level of safety equivalent to Section 

91.119(c) will be maintained because operations will be conducted in areas with controlled 

access and GDA will operate the Trimble UX5 UAS under the safety provisions contained 

within this petition and the Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solutions operating documents. 

 Additionally, relief from Section 91.119(c) is requested to the extent necessary to allow 

operations to be conducted closer than 500 feet to persons, vessels, vehicles, or structures. This 

relief is requested since the limitations set forth in Section 91.119(c) prohibit operating an 

aircraft closer than 500 feet to a person, vessel, vehicle, or structure. As set forth more fully 

below, GDA submits an equivalent level of safety will be maintained because operations closer 

than 500 feet to a person, vessel, vehicle, or structure will first require that the operator receive 

permission from any nonparticipating persons or the person who owns/controls the property. 

4. Extent of Relief GDA Seeks and the Reason GDA Seeks Relief from Section 91.121 

 Relief from Section 91.121, entitled Altimeter settings, may be required to allow flight 

operations of the Trimble UX5 UAS, because the UAS’s altitude reporting equipment may be set 

on the ground to a pressure level of zero feet AGL, rather than local barometric pressure or field 

altitude, before each flight. The Trimble UX5 UAS uses GPS equipment, and radio 
communications to transmit altitude information from the UAS to the PIC at the ground control 

station (GCS). 

 Considering the limited altitude of the proposed operations, relief from 14 C.F.R. § 91.121 is 

sought to the extent necessary to comply with the applicable conditions and limitations stated 

below. As more fully set forth herein, a level of safety equivalent to Section 91.121 will be 

ensured as the altitude of the Trimble UX5 UAS will be reported to air traffic control (ATC) in 

feet above ground level (AGL), and GDA will operate the UAS within visual line of sight, at or 

below 400 feet AGL. 

5. Extent of Relief GDA Seeks and the Reason GDA Seeks Relief from Section 

91.151(a)(1)

 Relief from Section 91.151(a)(1) is requested to the extent required to allow flights of the 

battery powered Trimble UX5 UAS during daylight hours in visual flight rules (VFR) conditions 

to continue for a total duration of 35 minutes, with 10 minutes of battery power remaining. GDA 

seeks the requested relief because without an exemption from Section 91.151(a)(1), the flight 

time duration of the battery powered Trimble UX5 UAS will be reduced to 20 minutes, which 

would eliminate the practicality of any aerial acquisition and research operations that GDA 

proposes to conduct pursuant to this Petition. 

 The technical specifications, operating documents, and proposed operating limitations for the 

Trimble UX5 UAS, ensure that GDA will safely operate the battery powered UAS during 

daylight hours in VFR conditions for a total duration of 35 minutes, with 10 minutes of battery 

power remaining (i.e., 20 percent remaining). 

6. Extent of Relief GDA Seeks and the Reason GDA Seeks Relief from Sections 

91.405(a), 91.407(a)(1), 91.409(a)(1) & (a)(2), and 91.417(a) & (b) 

 Since Sections 91.405(a), 91.407(a)(1), 91.409(a)(1) & (a)(2), and 91.417(a) & (b) only 

apply to aircraft with an airworthiness certificate, GDA requests relief from these Sections 

because the Trimble UX5 UAS does not require an airworthiness certificate. As set forth more 

fully below, the Trimble UX5 UAS meets the conditions of Section 333 for operation without an 

airworthiness certificate. GDA will use technicians to perform maintenance, alterations, or 

preventive maintenance on the unmanned aircraft system using the methods, techniques, and 
practices prescribed in the manufacturer’s maintenance manual. Furthermore, GDA will 

document and maintain all maintenance records for the Trimble UX5 UAS. 

The Reasons Why Granting GDA’s Request 

Would Be in the Public Interest

 Granting the present Petition will further the public interest by allowing GDA to safely, 

efficiently, and economically perform aerial acquisitions and research within the NAS, 

commercially, in support of government entities, mining and natural resources, industrial and 

commercial entities, the petroleum industry, and the country’s infrastructure. Additionally, use of 

the Trimble UX5 UAS will decrease congestion of the NAS, reduce pollution, and provide 

significant benefits to the economy. The benefits of the proposed operation of the Trimble UX5 

UAS will be realized without implicating any privacy issues. 

1. The Public Will Benefit from the Aerial Acquisition and Research Performed

 GDA submits this Petition to commercially operate the Trimble UX5 UAS and perform 

aerial acquisition and research within the NAS, in support of government entities, mining and 

natural resources, industrial and commercial entities, the petroleum industry, and the country’s 

infrastructure. The Trimble UX5 UAS will provide safe, efficient, and economical aerial 

acquisition and research operations to further each of these fields, all of which are critical to the 

well-being of the general public. 

 The specific operations that GDA will perform with the Trimble UX5 UAS demonstrate 

how the requested exemption will directly benefit the above-referenced industries and the public. 

In operations involving infrastructure, the aerial acquisition performed by the Trimble UX5 UAS 

will be used to preview possible sites for construction projects and provide precise topographic 

information about selected sites. In mining, natural resources, and the petroleum industry, the 

Trimble UX5 UAS will be used to surveying and planning new worksites, volumetric analysis, 

and performing right of way analysis. The Trimble UX5 UAS will also further environmental 

management by aiding in identifying, developing, and transporting scarce water resources. 
2. The Public Will Benefit from Decreased Congestion Of The NAS

 The Trimble UX5 UAS is battery powered and serves as a safe, efficient, and economical 

alternative to the manned aircraft traditionally utilized to obtain aerial imagery. By reducing the 

amount of manned aircraft needed to perform aerial acquisitions, an exemption allowing the use 

of a Trimble UX5 UAS would reduce the amount of manned aircraft in the NAS, reduce noise 

and air pollution, as well as increase the safety of life and property in the air and on the ground. 

 Furthermore, by reducing the number of manned aircraft operating in the NAS, 

congestion around airports caused by arriving and departing aircraft will be reduced. The 

Trimble UX5 UAS does not require an airport to takeoff or land. Likewise, a reduction of 

manned aircraft conducting aerial survey missions would result in fewer aircraft that must be 

handled by air traffic control during the ground, takeoff, departure, arrival, and landing phases of 

flight operations. 

3. The Public Will Benefit from the Safety and Efficiency of the Trimble UX5 UAS

 Conducting aerial acquisitions with the Trimble UX5 UAS, instead of manned aircraft, 

will greatly benefit the public by drastically reducing the levels of air and noise pollution 

generated during traditional aerial survey flight operations. By using battery power and electric 

motors, the Trimble UX5 UAS produces no air pollution, and is the most viable environmentally 

conscious alternative to the cabin class, six cylinder internal combustion twin engine aircraft that 

are typically utilized for aerial acquisitions, while burning approximately 20-30 gallons per hour 

of leaded aviation fuel. The Trimble UX5 UAS, while reducing the carbon footprint of aerial 

acquisitions, also eliminates noise pollution, as its battery powered electric motors produce lower 

levels of noise then a single engine aircraft. 

 By using the Trimble UX5 UAS to perform aerial acquisitions, the substantial risk to life 

and property in the air and on the ground, which is usually associated with traditional manned 

aircraft flight operations, will be substantially reduced or completely eliminated. Aside from the 

lack of aircrew members located onboard the aircraft, the Trimble UX5 UAS (weighing 

approximately 5.5 pounds with a wingspan of 39.4 inches and no fuel on board), has less 

physical potential for collateral damage to life and property on the ground, and in the air, 

compared to the manned aircraft that typically conduct aerial acquisitions (weighing 
approximately 6,500 pounds with a wingspan of approximately 40 feet, a length of 34 feet, and a 

fuel capacity of 180 gallons). 

4. Performing Aerial Acquisition Operations With the Trimble UX5 UAS Will Benefit 

The Economy

 In addition to being safe and efficient, the Trimble UX5 UAS is also an economical 

alternative to using manned aircraft to conduct aerial acquisitions. As such, operation of the 

Trimble UX5 UAS will allow companies like GDA, to remain competitive and contribute to 

growth of the U.S. economy. Specifically, with the rising cost of aviation fuel and the 

Environmental Protection Agency (“EPA”) regulatory actions phasing out leaded fuels, U.S. 

owned and operated companies must adopt new and alternative technology in order to remain 

competitive. Operating the battery powered Trimble UX5 UAS will allow companies greater 

operational flexibility compared to manned aircraft, but provides such flexibility without the 

high operational cost of a traditional manned aircraft. 

By operating the Trimble UX5 UAS, companies such as GDA can remain competitive 

and profitable, and therefore provide greater job stability to employees and contractors, which 

will ultimately contribute to growth of the U.S. economy. Improved financial performance of 

U.S. companies, through commercial use of the Trimble UX5 UAS, provides a stable workforce 

that increases consumer spending; improves local, state, and federal tax revenues; and allows 

companies to invest in research and development in order to remain competitive. 

5. There Are No Privacy Issues

Like the manned aerial acquisition flight operations that have been conducted for 

decades, the proposed operation of the Trimble UX5 UAS will not implicate any privacy issues. 

Specifically, the Trimble UX5 UAS will be operated in accordance with operating limitations set 

forth herein and the Federal Aviation Regulations, including the minimum altitude requirements 

of 14 C.F.R. § 91.119. Most significantly, the Trimble UX5 UAS will not be operated closer 

than 500 feet to any person, vessel, vehicle, or structure, which is not directly involved in the 

operation unless certain conditions are met. 

Further reinforcing the protection of privacy, the Trimble UX5 will be used to fly a preplanned route where the UAS will fly autonomously while the PIC and Observer monitor the 
airspace within the area. The Trimble UX5 will diverge from this flight path only in the event of 

identifying a hazard or emergency whereby the UAS will be instructed to conduct an immediate 

landing at a predesignated location.

The Reasons Why Granting The Exemption 

Would Not Adversely Affect Safety 

1. Reasons Why the Trimble UX5 UAS Meets the Conditions of the FAA 

Modernization and Reform Act of 2012 (FMRA) Section 333 

 In consideration of the size, weight, speed, and limited operating area associated with the 

unmanned aircraft and its operation, GDA’s operation of the Trimble UX5 UAS meets the 

conditions of FMRA Section 333, and will not require an airworthiness certificate in accordance 

with 14 C.F.R. Part 21, Subpart H. 

 Section 333 provides authority for UAS to operate without airworthiness certification and 

sets forth requirements for considering whether a UAS will create a hazard to users of the NAS 

or the public, or otherwise pose a threat to national security. 

 In seeking this exemption, GDA submits that the Trimble UX5 UAS can operate safely in 

the NAS pursuant to FMRA Section 333, as demonstrated by: (a) the characteristics of the 

Trimble UX5 UAS; (b) the private pilot certification requirement; and (c) the specific operating 

limitations. 

 a. The Specifications of the Trimble UX5 UAS Demonstrate Its Safe Characteristics

The Trimble UX5 UAS does not create a hazard to users of the NAS or the public, or 

otherwise pose a threat to national security considering its size, weight, speed, and operational 

capability. 

 
i. Technical Specifications of the Trimble UX5 UAS

PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATIONS

• Maximized image footprint without compromising resolution, obtained with

 a custom wide-angle lens and APSC-type sensor.

• Maximized coverage per flight and per hour due to large image footprint,

 sharp turning capability and high cruise speed.

• Reversed thrust technology for a short and steep landing circuit.

• Powerful propulsion system for steep climbs and high altitude flights.

• High airframe service life due to wing robustness and maintainability.

• Short setup time with automated procedures in Trimble Access field software.

• Self-check and failsafe procedures for safe operation.

• One-button export to Trimble Business Center to create deliverables.

• Optimized data accuracy when processed with Trimble Business Center.

HARDWARE

Type. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fixed wing

Weight. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.5 kg (5.51 lb)

Wingspan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 m (3.28 ft)

Wing area. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 dm

Dimensions. . . . . . . . . 100 cm x 65 cm X 10.5 cm (39.37 in x 25.59 in x 4.13 in)

Material. . . . . . . . . . . . . EPP foam; Carbon frame structure; Composite elements

Propulsion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Electric pusher propeller; brushless 700 W motor

Battery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.8 V, 6000 mAh

Camera. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 MP mirrorless APSC with custom 15 mm lens

Controller. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trimble Tablet Rugged PC

SOFTWARE

Trimble Access Aerial Imaging application

• Project management

• Mission planning with option for multiple flights

• Automated pre-flight checks

• Automatic take off, flight and landing

• Autonomous camera triggering

• Automated fail-safe routines

• User controlled fail-safe commands

• Automated data consistency checks

• Export to Trimble Business Center and a generic format for image processing
ii. The Trimble UX5 UAS Autonomous Flight And Navigation Modes 

Enable the UAS to Remain within a Defined Operational Area

 The UX5 has a semi-autonomous navigation and control system comprised of a Ground 

Control Station (GCS) and auto-pilot system. All flights are pre-programmed with GPS guidance 

and do not require human intervention. Flight mission area and routing cannot be changed after 

launch. Flights are not directed by positive manual control, nor are evasive maneuvers. In the 

case of unplanned events, the operator inputs pre-programmed evasive maneuvers from the 

control unit and the control unit executes that maneuver. Pre-programmed operator interventions 

include diversion to the right; initiation of holding at present position; suspension of mission; fly 

back to launch point; fly to point and hold; abort mission and land; and emergency power cut off 

and land (Flight Termination System). 

iii. The Trimble UX5 UAS is Designed for Complete Autonomy from Launch 

to Landing Even In The Unlikely Event Of Loss of the Control Link Or 

Navigation

OPERATION

Endurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 minutes

Range. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 km (37.28 mi)

Cruise speed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 kmh (50 mph)

Maximum ceiling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5000 m (16,404 ft)

Pre-flight system setup time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 minutes

Take off

 Type. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Catapult launch

 Angle. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 degrees

Landing

 Type. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Belly landing

 Angle. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 degrees

Landing space (L x W)2

 Typical. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 m x 6 m (66 ft x 20 ft)

 Recommended. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 m x 30 m (164 ft x 98 ft)

Weather limit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 kmh (40.39 mph) and light rain

Communication & control frequency. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4 GHz (FHSS)

Communication & control range. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Up to 5 km (3.10 mi)

ACQUISITION PERFORMANCE

Resolution (GSD). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.0 cm to 19.5 cm (.79 in to 7.67 in)

Height above take-off location (AGL). . . . . . . 75 m to 750 m (246 ft to 2,460 ft)
Although a degradation or loss of the control link, and/or degradation or loss of the 

source of navigation, is unlikely, it is a situation that is well planned for and therefore, is a 

benign event. The Trimble UX5 UAS is designed for complete autonomy from launch to landing 

with a line of sight operator in the loop monitoring the airframe. Automated safety functions and 

safety enhancing features of the UX5 include the following: 

 Auto-pilot detection of lost GPS or of insufficient satellites initiates an immediate 

spiral landing. 

 Low power on the aircraft triggers escalating alarms at GCS at 35% and 10% 

levels. 

 If the auto-pilot detects a lost-link to the GCS for longer than 30 seconds, landing 

procedure begins. 

 The UX5 is inherently unstable, so auto-pilot fail will result in very rapid exit 

from flight. 

 Aircraft has an on-board failsafe that limits speed in the event of dive to 

approximately 14 m/s. 

 The aircraft, weighing less than 6 lbs., fully loaded, is constructed of EPP foam, 

or similar material which is intended to absorb impact energy. 

 The motor is driven by a pulse width modulated signal, not an analog signal. 

iv. Mobile Operation of The Trimble UX5 UAS

The Trimble UX5 UAS will not be operated in a mobile capacity. All deployments and 

operations of the UAS will be from a stationary position. The only mobility involving the use of 

the Trimble UX5 will be in acquisition of the UAS and relocation of the catapult launcher. 

b. Flight Operations of the Trimble UX5 UAS are Limited to the Line Of Sight 

of A Certificated Private Pilot in Command with a Safety Observer

GDA will only utilize certificated Private Pilots who possess a valid airman medical 

certificate to act as a pilot in command of the Trimble UX5 UAS. Additionally, a safety 

observer will assist all pilots during flight operations. Additionally, both the pilot in 

command and safety observer must complete the Trimble Operators Course and be tested to 
ensure knowledge of the functions and operations of the UAS. The training will be conducted 

at Frontier Precision, a licensed seller and certifier of the Trimble UX5 UAS, located in 

Denver, CO. 

c. Flights will Be Conducted Pursuant to Specific Operating Limitations. 

In seeking this exemption, GDA proposes to commercially operate the Trimble UX5 

UAS for the special purpose of conducting aerial acquisitions within the NAS, pursuant to the 

specific operating limitations set by the FAA for Trimble Navigation Limited. The limitations 

have been attached as Appendix D. 

2. Reasons Why an Exemption from the Requirements of Section 61.113(a) Would Not 

Adversely Affect Safety 

GDA submits that an equivalent level of safety established by Section 61.113(a) will be 

maintained because no PIC will be allowed to operate the Trimble UX5 UAS unless that PIC has 

demonstrated, through the Trimble UX5 UAS training, that the PIC is able to safely operate the 

UAS in a manner consistent with this exemption, including evasive and emergency maneuvers 

and maintaining appropriate distances from people, vessels, vehicles and structures. 

Considering GDA’s proposed area of operations and the operating limitations (Appendix 

D); unlike a conventional aircraft that carries a pilot, passengers, and cargo, the Trimble UX5 

UAS in this case is remotely controlled with no passengers or property of others on board. 

Commercial certification would be unnecessary and not improve the capabilities of the PIC for 

the operation of the Trimble UX5 UAS beyond the private pilot certification and Trimble UX5 

UAS training. 

 Additionally, the FAA has previously granted relief from Section 61.113(a), specific to 

UAS, in circumstances similar, in all material respects, to those presented herein (e.g. Exemption 

Nos. 11062, 11063, 11064, 11065, 11066, 11067, 11080, 11109, 11110, 11112, 11136, 11138, 

11150, 11153, 11156, 11158, 11159, 11160, 11161, 11170, 11171, 11172, 11174, 11176, 11177, 

11178, 11185, 11188, 11189, 11191, 11192, 11193, 11194, 11195, 11204, 11206, 11208, 

11209). 
3. Reasons Why An Exemption from the Requirements of Section 91.7(a) Would Not 

Adversely Affect Safety

The level of safety established by Section 91.7(a) will be maintained because prior to 

every flight, GDA will ensure that the Trimble UX5 UAS is in an airworthy condition and safe 

for flight based upon the Trimble UX5 UAS’s compliance by conducting a pre-flight check 

before each operation and following its operating documents (i.e., the Trimble UX5 Aerial 

Imaging Solution User Guide, and the Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution Maintenance 

Guide) and as stated in the conditions and limitations. 

Additionally, the FAA has previously granted relief from Section 91.7(a), specific to 

UAS, in circumstances similar, in all material respects, to those presented herein (e.g. Exemption 

Nos. 11062, 11063, 11064, 11065, 11066, 11067, 11080, 11109, 11110, 11112, 11136, 11138, 

11150, 11153, 11156, 11157, 11158, 11159, 11160, 11161, 11166, 11167, 11170, 11171, 11172, 

11174, 11177, 11178, 11185, 11188, 11189, 11191, 11192, 11193, 11194, 11195, 11204, 11206, 

11208, 11209). 

4. Reasons Why An Exemption From The Requirements Of Section 91.119(c) Would Not 

Adversely Affect Safety 

Section 91.119 establishes safe altitudes for operation of civil aircraft. Specifically, 

91.119(c) limits aircraft flying over areas other than congested areas to an altitude of 500 feet 

above the surface, except over open water or sparsely populated areas. In those cases, the aircraft 

may not be operated closer than 500 feet to any person, vessel, vehicle, or structure. 

As set forth herein, the UX5 will never operate at higher than 400 feet AGL. It will, 

however, be operated to avoid congested or populated areas that are depicted in yellow on VFR 

sectional - 5 - charts. Because aerial survey work must be accomplished at relatively low 

altitudes and at altitudes less than 500 feet AGL, an exemption from Section 91.119(c) is needed. 

The equivalent level of safety will be achieved given the size, weight, speed, and material 

with which the UX5 is built. Also, no flight will be taken without the permission of the land 

owner or those who control the land. Because of the advance notice to the landowner, all 

affected individuals will be aware of the survey flights. Compared to aerial survey operations 
conducted with aircraft or rotorcraft weighing far more than 5.5 lbs. and carrying flammable 

fuel, any risk associated with these operations will be far less than those currently allowed with 

conventional aircraft operating at or below 500 feet AGL. Indeed, the low-altitude operations of 

the UAS will maintain separation between these small-UAS operations and the operations of 

conventional aircraft that must comply with Section 91.119. 

The FAA has previously granted relief from Section 91.119(c) specific to UAS, in 

circumstances similar, in all material respects, to those presented herein (e.g. Exemption Nos. 

11062, 11063, 11064, 11065, 11066, 11067, 11080, 11109, 11110, 11111, 11112, 11114, 11136, 

11138, 11150, 11153, 11156, 11157, 11158, 11159, 11160, 11161, 11166, 11167, 11170, 11171, 

11172, 11174, 11176, 11177, 11178, 11184, 11185, 11188, 11189, 11191, 11192, 11193, 11194, 

11195, 11204, 11206, 11208, 11209). 

5. Reasons Why an Exemption from the Requirements of Section 91.121 Would Not 

Adversely Affect Safety 

 The equivalent level of safety established by Section 91.121 will be maintained because 

the altitude of the Trimble UX5 UAS will be reported to air traffic control (ATC) in feet above 

ground level (AGL), and GDA will operate the UAS within visual line of sight, at or below 400 

feet AGL. Furthermore, the altitude information of the Trimble UX5 UAS will be provided to 

the PIC via the GPS equipment, and radio communications which transmits altitude information 

to the control system. Prior to each flight, a zero altitude initiation point is established at ground 

level. 

 The FAA has previously granted relief from Section 91.121 specific to UAS, in 

circumstances similar, in all material respects, to those presented herein (e.g. Exemption Nos. 

11062, 11063, 11064, 11065, 11066, 11067, 11080, 11109, 11112, 11136, 11138, 11150, 11153, 

11156, 11157, 11158, 11159, 11160, 11161, 11166, 11167, 11170, 11171, 11174, 11176, 11177, 

11178, 11185, 11188, 11189, 11191, 11192, 11193, 11194, 11195, 11204, 11206, 11208, 

11209). 

 
6. Reasons Why an Exemption from the Requirements of Section 91.151(a) Would Not 

Adversely Affect Safety 

This regulation prohibits an individual from beginning “a flight in an airplane under VFR 

conditions unless (considering wind and forecast weather conditions) there is enough fuel to fly 

to the first point of intended landing and, assuming normal cruising speed – (1) During the day, 

to fly after that for at least 30 minutes; or (2) At night, to fly after that for at least 45 minutes.” 

 The UX5 batteries provide approximately 50 minutes of powered flight. Without an 

exemption from § 14 CFR 91.151, the UAS’s flights would be limited to approximately 20 

minutes in length. Given the limitations on its proposed operations and the location of those 

proposed operations, a longer time frame for flight in daylight VFR conditions is reasonable. 

 GDA believes that an exemption from 14 CFR § 91.151(a) is safe and within the scope of 

a prior exemption. Operating the small UAS, without 30 minutes of reserve fuel does not 

engender the type of risks that Section 91.151(a) was meant to prevent given the size and speed 

at which the UAS operates. The fact that it carries no pilot, passenger, or cargo also enhances its 

safety. Additionally, limiting UX5 flights to 20 minutes would greatly reduce their utility. In the 

unlikely event that the UX5 should run out of fuel, it would simply land. Given its weight and 

construction material, the risks are less than contemplated by the current regulation. 

GDA believes that an equivalent level of safety can be achieved by maintaining 10 

minutes of reserve fuel (battery power), which, allowing 40 minutes of flight time, would be 

more than adequate to return the UAS to its planned landing zone from anywhere in its operating 

area. Due to the loss of utility and difficulty of maintaining line of sight of the Trimble UX5 

UAS, GDA will not operate the UAS during nighttime operations. 

The FAA has previously granted relief from Section 91.151, specific to UAS, in 

circumstances similar, in all material respects, to those presented herein (e.g. Exemption Nos. 

8811, 10808, 10673, 11042, 11062, 11063, 11064, 11065, 11066, 11067, 11080, 11109, 11110, 

11136, 11138, 11150, 11153, 11156, 11157, 11158, 11159, 11160, 11161, 11166, 11167, 11170, 

11171, 11172, 11174, 11176, 11177, 11178, 11185, 11188, 11189, 11191, 11192, 11193, 11194, 

11195, 11204, 11206, 11208, 11209). 

 
7. Reasons Why An Exemption From The Requirements Of Sections 91.405(a), 

91.407(a)(1), 91.409(a)(1) & (a)(2), And 91.417(a) & (b) Would Not Adversely Affect Safety

Section 91.405(a) requires that an aircraft operator or owner “shall have that aircraft 

inspected as prescribed in subpart E of this part and shall between required inspections, except as 

provided in paragraph (c) of this section, have discrepancies repaired as prescribed in part 43 of 

this chapter . . . .” Section 91.407 similarly makes reference to requirements in Part 43; Section 

91.409(a)(2) requires an annual inspection for the issuance of an air worthiness certificate. 

Section 91.417(a) requires the owner or operator to keep records showing certain maintenance 

work that has been accomplished by certificated mechanics, under Part 43, or licensed pilots and 

records of approval of the aircraft for return to service. 

Maintenance of the UX5 will be accomplished by the owner/operator pursuant to the 

manuals, such as Exhibit 3, provided by Trimble. An equivalent level of safety will be achieved 

because the UAS is small in size, will carry no external payload, will operate only in restricted 

predetermined areas and is not a complex mechanical devise. As provided in the attached 

Maintenance Manual and the Safety Checklist, which were reviewed as part of Trimble’s SAC 

application, the operator of UX5 will ensure that the UAS is in working order prior to initiating 

flight, perform required maintenance, and keep a log of any maintenance that is performed. 

Moreover, the operator is the person most familiar with the aircraft and is best suited to maintain 

the aircraft in an airworthy condition and to ensure an equivalent level of safety. 

The UX5’s Maintenance Manual provides for replacement of the airframe every 50 hours 

of flight. This will ensure an equivalent level of safety to the maintenance requirements in Part 

91. In addition, between such air frame replacements, should a mechanical issue arise, the 

aircraft will either return to its launch site or immediately land. 

The FAA has previously granted relief specific to UAS in circumstances similar, in all 

material respects, to those presented herein (e.g. Exemption Nos. 11062, 11063, 11064, 11065, 

11066, 11067, 11080, 11109, 11110, 11112, 11136, 11138, 11150, 11153, 11156, 11157, 11158, 

11159, 11160, 11161, 11166, 11167, 11170, 11171, 11172, 11174, 11176, 11177, 11178, 11185, 

11188,11189, 11191, 11192, 11193, 11194 ,11195, 11204, 11206, 11208, 11209). 

 
A Summary That Can Be Published in 

The Federal Register, stating:

 The Rules From Which GDA Seeks Exemption: 

GDA Engineers seeks exemption from the requirements of 14 C.F.R. Sections 61.113(a), 

91.7(a), 91.119(c), 91.121, 91.151(a)(1), 91.405(a), 91.407(a)(1), 91.409(a)(1) & (a)(2), 

and 91.417(a) & (b). 

 

A Brief Description Of The Nature Of The Exemption GDA Seeks: 

This exemption will permit GDA Engineers to commercially operate an Unmanned 

Aircraft System (UAS) for the purpose of conducting aerial acquisitions and research 

within the National Airspace System (NAS). 

 
Appendix A – Trimble UX5 Unmanned Aircraft 

System Data Sheet 

 
Appendix B – Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging 

Solution User Guide 

 
Appendix C – Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging 

Solution Maintenance Guide 

 
Appendix D – Conditions and Limitations 

 
Appendix E – Trimble UX5 Launcher Quick Start 

Guide 
KEy fEATurES

Leading image acquisition 

quality and data accuracy

All-terrain and all-weather

performance 

Reverse thrust for precise 

landings in confi ned spaces

A durable and reliable

solution for intensive use

Fully automated Trimble 

Access workfl ows for easeof-use and safe operation

Simple data processing with 

Trimble Business Center 

photogrammetry module

DATASHEET

TrimblE ux5

unmAnnED AirCrAfT SySTEm

lAnDinGS, lESS SPACE – mOrE ACCurATE

The Trimble UX5 overcomes the limitations of 

traditional fixed wing UAS landings with the addition 

of an advanced control method. Based on reversed 

thrust, this improved altitude measurement results 

in accurate and predictable landings for landing 

confidence every time. For professionals working 

in small areas, the landing angle and trajectory is 

compact and allows for landings in confined spaces.

inTuiTiVE WOrKflOWS WiTH 

TrimblE ACCESS

The Trimble Access Aerial Imaging application 

loaded onto the Trimble Tablet Rugged PC operates 

the Trimble UX5 and is a single software tool for 

planning your aerial missions, performing pre-flight 

checks and monitoring your flights – all with intuitive 

workflows that ensure reliable results. In the field, 

the operator is guided through the pre- and postflight sequences with step-by-step digital checklists. 

The fast and intuitive workflow allows the Trimble 

UX5 to be ready to fly in only 5 minutes ensuring 

minimal downtime.

VAluAblE PHOTOGrAmmETry 

DEliVErAblES

Optimized to process data from the Trimble UX5 

Unmanned Aircraft System, the Trimble Business 

Center Photogrammetry Module creates impressive 

deliverables. Produce point clouds, Triangulated 

Irregular Network (TIN) models and contour maps of 

the area flown. These can then be used to calculate 

volumes, excavation planning, drainage planning 

and many other functions. Trimble Business Center 

also produces a scaled orthophoto of the area 

that can be used to plan a project, define features 

of interest, identify property boundaries, or show 

construction progress by comparing orthophotos 

from different times.

THE STAnDArD in mAPPinG AnD SurVEyinG

The Trimble® UX5 Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) sets 

the standard for fast and safe aerial data collection by 

offering a complete system with powerful technologies 

such as a robust design, a radically simplified workflow 

and reversed thrust & automatic failsafe procedures. The 

Trimble UX5 offers a much safer method to collect data 

compared to traditional surveying methods. Featuring 

the Trimble AccessTM Aerial Imaging application, flights 

are conducted in a fully automated manner, from launch 

to landing, and require no piloting skills. The Trimble 

UX5 makes a once time consuming and complex 

process incredibly easy – no matter what the conditions. 

SuPEriOr imAGE ACQuiSiTiOn

The Trimble UX5 ensures optimal image quality along 

with maximum photogrammetric accuracy. The camera 

has a large imaging sensor that captures very sharp, 

color-rich images, even in dark or cloudy conditions. 

The 24 MP camera and its custom optics give the 

UX5 the ability to capture data down to 2 cm (0.79 

in) resolution.

unriVAlED PErfOrmAnCE 

Based on a production method patented by Trimble, 

the Trimble UX5 combines an impact resistant foam 

structure and internal and external composite elements 

that give the UX5 its extreme durability and strength. 

Additionally, the design focus has been on delivering an 

easy to maintain airframe that can be renewed at users’ 

discretion by a plug-and-play fitting of the protected 

internal electronics. 

The remarkable design of the Trimble UX5 ensures 

employability nearly everywhere and in practically all 

weather conditions. Whether you choose to fly in 

rainy conditions along windy seashores, in hot deserts, 

or in a snowy, mountain terrain, the Trimble UX5 is a 

dependable solution to gather high quality data without 

compromising coverage.
DATASHEET

Performance specifications

•	 Maximized image footprint without compromising resolution, obtained with a 

custom wide-angle lens and APSC-type sensor.

•	 Maximized coverage per flight and per hour due to large image footprint, sharp 

turning capability and high cruise speed.

•	 Reversed thrust technology for a short and steep landing circuit.

•	 Powerful propulsion system for steep climbs and high altitude flights.

•	 High airframe service life due to wing robustness and maintainability.

•	 Short setup time with automated procedures in Trimble Access field software.

•	 Self-check and failsafe procedures for safe operation.

•	 One-button export to Trimble Business Center to create deliverables.

•	 Optimized data accuracy when processed with Trimble Business Center.

Hardware

Type. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fixed wing

Weight. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.5 kg (5.51 lb)

Wingspan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 m (3.28 ft)

Wing area. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 dm

Dimensions. . . . . . . . . . . . 100 cm x 65 cm X 10.5 cm (39.37 in x 25.59 in x 4.13 in)

Material. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EPP foam; Carbon frame structure; Composite elements

Propulsion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Electric pusher propeller; brushless 700 W motor

Battery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.8 V, 6000 mAh

Camera. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 MP mirrorless APSC with custom 15 mm lens

Controller. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trimble Tablet Rugged PC

Software

Trimble Access Aerial Imaging application

•	 Project management

•	 Mission planning with option for multiple flights

•	 Automated pre-flight checks

•	 Automatic take off, flight and landing

•	 Autonomous camera triggering

•	 Automated fail-safe routines

•	 User controlled fail-safe commands

•	 Automated data consistency checks

•	 Export to Trimble Business Center and a generic format for image processing

Operation

Endurance1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 minutes

Range1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 km (37.28 mi)

Cruise speed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 kmh (50 mph)

Maximum ceiling2

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5000 m (16,404 ft)

Pre-flight system setup time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 minutes

Take off

Type. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Catapult launch

Angle. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 degrees

Landing

Type. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Belly landing

Angle. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 degrees

Landing space (L x W)2

Typical. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 m x 6 m (66 ft x 20 ft)

Recommended. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 m x 30 m (164 ft x 98 ft)

Weather limit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 kmh (40.39 mph) and light rain

Communication & control frequency. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4 GHz (FHSS)

Communication & control range. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Up to 5 km (3.10 mi)

Acquisition performance

Resolution (GSD). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.0 cm to 19.5 cm (.79 in to 7.67 in)

Height above take-off location (AGL). . . . . . . . . . 75 m to 750 m (246 ft to 2,460 ft)

area coverage table

Height GSD Coverage/flight [km2] (1) Coverage/day [km2] (2)

70% 80% 90% 70% 80% 90%

75 m

(246 ft)

2.0 cm

(0.79 in)

1.1 km2

(0.43 mi2)

0.8 km2

(0.31 mi2)

0.4 km2

(0.15 mi2)

6.85 km2

(2.63 mi2)

4.5 km2

(7.74 mi2)

2.3 km2

(0.88 mi2)

100 m

(328 ft)

2.6 cm

(1.02 in)

1.8 km2

(0.7 mi2)

1.2 km2

(0.64 mi2)

0.6 km2

(0.23 mi2)

10.8 km2

(4.17 mi2)

7.2 km2

(2.78 mi2)

3.6 km2

1.39 mi2)

150 m

(492 ft)

3.9 cm

(1.54 in)

3.1 km2

(1.2 mi2)

2.1 km2

(0.81 mi2)

1.0 km2

(0.39 mi2)

18.7 km2

(7.22 mi2)

12.5 km2

(4.83 mi2)

6.2 km2

(2.39 mi2)

200 m

(656 ft)

5.2 cm

(2.05 in)

4.4 km2

(1.7 mi2)

3.0 km2

(1.16 mi2)

1.5 km2

(0.58 mi2)

26.6 km2

(10.27 mi2)

17.8 km2

(6.87 mi2)

8.9 km2

(3.44 mi2)

250 m

(820 ft)

6.5 cm

(2.56 in)

5.8 km2

(2.24 mi2)

3.8 km2

(1.47 mi2)

1.9 km2

(0.73 mi2)

34.6 km2

(13.36 mi2)

23.1 km2

(8.92 mi2)

11.5 km2

(4.44 mi2)

300 m

(984 ft)

7.8 cm

(3.07 in)

7.1 km2

(2.74 mi2)

4.7 km2

(1.81 mi2)

2.4 km2

(0.93 mi2)

42.5 km2

(16.41 mi2)

28.3 km2

(10.93 mi2)

14.2 km2

(5.48 mi2)

400 m

(1,312 ft)

10.4 cm

(4.09 in)

9.7 km2

(3.75 mi2)

6.4 km2

(2.47 mi2)

3.2 km2

(1.24 mi2)

58.0 km2

(22.40 mi2)

38.7 km2

(14.94 mi2)

19.3 km2

(7.45 mi2)

500 m

(1,640 ft)

13 cm

(5.12 in)

12.4 km2

(4.79 mi2)

8.2 km2

(3.17 mi2)

4.1 km2

(1.58 mi2)

74.2 km2

(28.65 mi2)

49.5 km2

(19.11 mi2)

24.7 km2

(9.54 mi2)

750 m

(2,461 ft)

19.5 cm

(7.67 in)

19.0 km2

(7.34 mi2)

12.7 km2

(4.90 mi2)

6.3 km2

(2.43 mi2)

113.9 km2

(43.98 mi2)

75.9 km2

(29.31 mi2)

38.0 km2

(14.67 mi2)

(1) For a 2:1 aspect ratio, which is a flight block with length equal to 2 times the width. This is a good approximation of 

the average flight block.

(2) Assuming on average 5 minutes pre-flight and 5 minutes post-flight setup and recovery time and operation between 

10 am and 4 pm.

Specifications subject to change without notice.

trimble ux5

Unmanned Aircraft System

© 2013–2015, Trimble Navigation Limited. All rights reserved. Trimble and the Globe & Triangle logo are trademarks of Trimble 

Navigation Limited, registered in the United States and in other countries. Access is a trademark of Trimble Navigation Limited. All 

other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. PN 022543-576A (01/15)

1 ISO standard atmosphere conditions.

2 1 sigma for wind <30 kph (19 mph).

NORTH AMERICA

Trimble Navigation Limited

10368 Westmoor Dr

Westminster CO 80021

USA

EUROPE

Trimble Germany GmbH

Am Prime Parc 11

65479 Raunheim 

GERMANY

ASIA-PACIFIC

Trimble Navigation 

Singapore Pty Limited

80 Marine Parade Road

#22-06, Parkway Parade

Singapore 449269 

SINGAPORE

TRIMBLE AUTHORIZED DISTRIBUTION PARTNER
Summary and Explanation for 

Exemption under Section 333 

Summary 

GDA Engineers seeks exemption from the requirements of C.F.R. §§ 61.113(a), 

91.7(a), 91.119(c), 91.121, 91.151(a)(1), 91.405(a), 91.407(a)(1), 91.409(a)(1) & (a)(2), and 

91.417(a) & (b), to operate an Unmanned Aircraft System pursuant to Section 333 of the FAA 

Modernization and Reform Act of 2012 (FMRA). This exemption will permit GDA Engineers to 

operate an Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) for the commercial purpose of conducting aerial 

acquisition and research within the National Airspace System (NAS). 

 
Information and Purpose 

 Graham, Dietz, and Associates DBA GDA Engineers (hereinafter referred to as “GDA”), 

is a surveying, planning and engineering consulting firm headquartered in Cody, Wyoming. 

GDA has been in business since 1953 and undertake engineering challenges with a core focus on 

specific markets such as: the petroleum industry, federal and state government projects, mining 

and natural resources, industrial and commercial operations, and infrastructure. GDA provides 

services, such as: aviation surveying, planning and engineering, civil surveying and engineering, 

environmental studies, and private and public land survey. 

 As set forth in this Petition, GDA seeks to commercially operate its Trimble UX5 UAS 

within the NAS for the purpose of conducting aerial acquisitions and research. 

The Specific Sections of 14 C.F.R. 

From Which GDA Seeks Exemption

1. GDA Seeks Exemption from the Requirements of Section 61.113(a) and (b) 

Section 61.113, entitled Private pilot privileges and limitations: Pilot in 

command, subsections (a) prescribes the following, in part: 

(a) No person who holds a private pilot certificate may act as a pilot in command (PIC) of 

an aircraft that is carrying passengers or property for compensation or hire; nor may that 

person, for compensation or hire, act as PIC of an aircraft. 

2. GDA Seeks Exemption from the Requirements of Section 91.7(a) 

Section 91.7, entitled Civil aircraft airworthiness, subsection (a), states the 

following: 

(a) No person may operate a civil aircraft unless it is in an airworthy condition. 

 

3. GDA Seeks Exemption from the Requirements of Section 91.119(c) 

Section 91.119(c), entitled Minimum safe altitudes: (c) Over other than congested 

areas, states the following, in part: 

Except when necessary for takeoff or landing, no person may operate an aircraft 

below the following altitudes: 
(c) Over other than congested areas. An altitude of 500 feet above the surface, except 

over open water or sparsely populated areas. In those cases, the aircraft may not be 

operated closer than 500 feet to any person, vessel, vehicle, or structure. 

 

4. GDA Seeks Exemption from the Requirements of Section 91.121 

Section 91.121, entitled Altimeter settings, subsection (a), states the following, in 

relevant part: 

(a) Each person operating an aircraft shall maintain the cruising altitude or flight level of 

that aircraft, as the case may be, by reference to an altimeter that is set, when operating-- 

(1) Below 18,000 feet MSL, to-- 

 

(i) The current reported altimeter setting of a station along the route and within 100 

nautical miles of the aircraft; 

(ii) If there is no station within the area prescribed in paragraph (a)(1)(i) of this 

section, the current reported altimeter setting of an appropriate available station; or 

(iii)In the case of an aircraft not equipped with a radio, the elevation of the departure 

airport or an appropriate altimeter setting available before departure; 

5. GDA Seeks Exemption from the Requirements of Section 91.151(a)

Section 91.151, entitled Fuel requirements for flight in VFR conditions, 

subsection (a)(1), states the following: 

(a) No person may begin a flight in an airplane under VFR conditions unless 

(considering wind and forecast weather conditions) there is enough fuel to fly to the 

first point of intended landing and, assuming normal cruising speed-- 

(1) During the day, to fly after that for at least 30 minutes; or 

(2) At night, to fly after that for at least 45 minutes. 

6. GDA Seeks Exemption from the Requirement of Section 91.405(a) 

Section 91.405, entitled Maintenance required, subsection (a), states the 

following: 
Each owner or operator of an aircraft— 

(a) Shall have that aircraft inspected as prescribed in subpart E of this part and shall 

between required inspections, except as provided in paragraph (c) of this section, 

have discrepancies repaired as prescribed in part 43 of this chapter[.] 

 

7. GDA Seeks Exemption from the Requirements of Section 91.407(a)(1) 

Section 91.407, entitled Operation after maintenance, preventive maintenance, 

rebuilding, or alteration, subsection (a)(1), states the following: 

(a) No person may operate any aircraft that has undergone maintenance, preventive 

maintenance, rebuilding, or alteration unless-- 

(1) It has been approved for return to service by a person authorized under § 43.7 of 

this chapter[.] 

 

8. GDA Seeks Exemption from the Requirements of Sections 91.409(a)(1) And 

91.409(a)(2) 

Section 91.409, entitled Inspections, subsection (a), states the following: 

(a) Except as provided in paragraph (c) of this section, no person may operate an 

aircraft unless, within the preceding 12 calendar months, it has had -- 

(1) An annual inspection in accordance with part 43 of this chapter and has been 

approved for return to service by a person authorized by § 43.7 of this chapter; or 

(2) An inspection for the issuance of an airworthiness certificate in accordance with 

part 21 of this chapter. 

 

9. GDA Seeks Exemption from the Requirements of Sections 91.417(a) And 91.417(b)

Section 91.417, entitled Maintenance records, subsections (a) and (b), state the 

following: 

(a) Except for work performed in accordance with §§ 91.411 and 91.413, each registered 

owner or operator shall keep the following records for the periods specified in paragraph 

(b) of this section: 

(1) Records of the maintenance, preventive maintenance, and alteration and records of 

the 100-hour, annual, progressive, and other required or approved inspections, as 
appropriate, for each aircraft (including the airframe) and each engine, propeller, 

rotor, and appliance of an aircraft. The records must include— 

(i) A description (or reference to data acceptable to the Administrator) of the work 

performed; and 

(ii) The date of completion of the work performed; and 

(iii) The signature, and certificate number of the person approving the aircraft for 

return to service. 

(2) Records containing the following information: 

(i) The total time in service of the airframe, each engine, each propeller, and each 

rotor. 

(ii) The current status of life-limited parts of each airframe, engine, propeller, rotor, 

and appliance. 

(iii) The time since last overhaul of all items installed on the aircraft which are 

required to be overhauled on a specified time basis. 

(iv) The current inspection status of the aircraft, including the time since the last 

inspection required by the inspection program under which the aircraft and its 

appliances are maintained. 

(v) The current status of applicable airworthiness directives (AD) and safety 

directives including, for each, the method of compliance, the AD or safety 

directive number and revision date. If the AD or safety directive involves 

recurring action, the time and date when the next action is required. 

(vi) Copies of the forms prescribed by § 43.9(d) of this chapter for each major 

alteration to the airframe and currently installed engines, rotors, propellers, and 

appliances. 

(b) The owner or operator shall retain the following records for the periods prescribed: 

(1) The records specified in paragraph (a)(1) of this section shall be retained until the 

work is repeated or superseded by other work or for 1 year after the work is 

performed. 

(2) The records specified in paragraph (a)(2) of this section shall be retained and 

transferred with the aircraft at the time the aircraft is sold. 
(3) A list of defects furnished to a registered owner or operator under § 43.11 of this 

chapter shall be retained until the defects are repaired and the aircraft is approved for 

return to service. 

The Extent of Relief GDA Seeks and 

the Reason GDA Seeks the Relief 

1. Extent of Relief GDA Seeks and the Reason GDA Seeks Relief from Section 

61.113(a)

Relief from Section 61.113(a), entitled Private pilot privileges and limitations: Pilot in 

command, is requested to the extent necessary to allow a PIC holding a private pilot certificate 

and an airman medical certificate, and who has completed the Trimble UX5 UAS training 

requirements, to conduct the proposed UAS flight operations for compensation. This relief is 

requested since the limitation set forth in Section 61.113(a) states that no person who holds a 

private pilot certificate may act as pilot in command of an aircraft that is carrying passengers or 

property for compensation or hire; nor may that person, for compensation or hire, act as pilot in 

command of an aircraft. 

 GDA agrees that an equivalent level of safety will be maintained because no PIC will be 

allowed to operate the Trimble UX5 unless that PIC has met certain flight-hour requirements. 

The PIC will demonstrate the ability to safely operate the Trimble UX5 UAS in a manner 

consistent with the operations specifications as set forth herein, including evasive and emergency 

maneuvers, as well as maintaining appropriate distances from people, vessels, vehicles and 

structures. 

 Further, GDA proposes that the additional airmanship experience of a commercially 

certified pilot would be unnecessary for the GDA’s specific proposed operations. 

2. Extent of Relief GDA Seeks and the Reason GDA Seeks Relief from Section 91.7(a)

 Relief from Section 91.7(a), entitled Civil aircraft airworthiness, is requested to the 

extent required to allow GDA to determine that the Trimble UX5 UAS is in an airworthy 

condition prior to every flight by ensuring that the UAS is in compliance with the Trimble UX5 
Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide and Maintenance, attached as Appendix B and C, 

respectively. 

 GDA seeks the requested relief because the Trimble UX5 UAS does not require an 

airworthiness certificate in accordance with 14 C.F.R. Part 21, Subpart H. Therefore, GDA will 

ensure that the Trimble UX5 UAS is in an airworthy condition based upon its compliance with 

the operating documents prior to every flight, and as stated in the conditions and limitations 

(Appendix D). 

3. Extent of Relief GDA Seeks and the Reason GDA Seeks Relief from Section 

91.119(c) 

 Relief from Section 91.119(c), entitled Minimum safe altitudes: (c) Over other than 

congested areas, is required because all proposed operations of the Trimble UX5 UAS will take 

place at an altitude at or below 400 feet AGL. The relief is requested since the limitations set 

forth in Section 91.119(c) state that no person may operate an aircraft below 500 feet above the 

surface. As set forth more fully below, GDA submits that a level of safety equivalent to Section 

91.119(c) will be maintained because operations will be conducted in areas with controlled 

access and GDA will operate the Trimble UX5 UAS under the safety provisions contained 

within this petition and the Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solutions operating documents. 

 Additionally, relief from Section 91.119(c) is requested to the extent necessary to allow 

operations to be conducted closer than 500 feet to persons, vessels, vehicles, or structures. This 

relief is requested since the limitations set forth in Section 91.119(c) prohibit operating an 

aircraft closer than 500 feet to a person, vessel, vehicle, or structure. As set forth more fully 

below, GDA submits an equivalent level of safety will be maintained because operations closer 

than 500 feet to a person, vessel, vehicle, or structure will first require that the operator receive 

permission from any nonparticipating persons or the person who owns/controls the property. 

4. Extent of Relief GDA Seeks and the Reason GDA Seeks Relief from Section 91.121 

 Relief from Section 91.121, entitled Altimeter settings, may be required to allow flight 

operations of the Trimble UX5 UAS, because the UAS’s altitude reporting equipment may be set 

on the ground to a pressure level of zero feet AGL, rather than local barometric pressure or field 

altitude, before each flight. The Trimble UX5 UAS uses GPS equipment, and radio 
communications to transmit altitude information from the UAS to the PIC at the ground control 

station (GCS). 

 Considering the limited altitude of the proposed operations, relief from 14 C.F.R. § 91.121 is 

sought to the extent necessary to comply with the applicable conditions and limitations stated 

below. As more fully set forth herein, a level of safety equivalent to Section 91.121 will be 

ensured as the altitude of the Trimble UX5 UAS will be reported to air traffic control (ATC) in 

feet above ground level (AGL), and GDA will operate the UAS within visual line of sight, at or 

below 400 feet AGL. 

5. Extent of Relief GDA Seeks and the Reason GDA Seeks Relief from Section 

91.151(a)(1)

 Relief from Section 91.151(a)(1) is requested to the extent required to allow flights of the 

battery powered Trimble UX5 UAS during daylight hours in visual flight rules (VFR) conditions 

to continue for a total duration of 35 minutes, with 10 minutes of battery power remaining. GDA 

seeks the requested relief because without an exemption from Section 91.151(a)(1), the flight 

time duration of the battery powered Trimble UX5 UAS will be reduced to 20 minutes, which 

would eliminate the practicality of any aerial acquisition and research operations that GDA 

proposes to conduct pursuant to this Petition. 

 The technical specifications, operating documents, and proposed operating limitations for the 

Trimble UX5 UAS, ensure that GDA will safely operate the battery powered UAS during 

daylight hours in VFR conditions for a total duration of 35 minutes, with 10 minutes of battery 

power remaining (i.e., 20 percent remaining). 

6. Extent of Relief GDA Seeks and the Reason GDA Seeks Relief from Sections 

91.405(a), 91.407(a)(1), 91.409(a)(1) & (a)(2), and 91.417(a) & (b) 

 Since Sections 91.405(a), 91.407(a)(1), 91.409(a)(1) & (a)(2), and 91.417(a) & (b) only 

apply to aircraft with an airworthiness certificate, GDA requests relief from these Sections 

because the Trimble UX5 UAS does not require an airworthiness certificate. As set forth more 

fully below, the Trimble UX5 UAS meets the conditions of Section 333 for operation without an 

airworthiness certificate. GDA will use technicians to perform maintenance, alterations, or 

preventive maintenance on the unmanned aircraft system using the methods, techniques, and 
practices prescribed in the manufacturer’s maintenance manual. Furthermore, GDA will 

document and maintain all maintenance records for the Trimble UX5 UAS. 

The Reasons Why Granting GDA’s Request 

Would Be in the Public Interest

 Granting the present Petition will further the public interest by allowing GDA to safely, 

efficiently, and economically perform aerial acquisitions and research within the NAS, 

commercially, in support of government entities, mining and natural resources, industrial and 

commercial entities, the petroleum industry, and the country’s infrastructure. Additionally, use of 

the Trimble UX5 UAS will decrease congestion of the NAS, reduce pollution, and provide 

significant benefits to the economy. The benefits of the proposed operation of the Trimble UX5 

UAS will be realized without implicating any privacy issues. 

1. The Public Will Benefit from the Aerial Acquisition and Research Performed

 GDA submits this Petition to commercially operate the Trimble UX5 UAS and perform 

aerial acquisition and research within the NAS, in support of government entities, mining and 

natural resources, industrial and commercial entities, the petroleum industry, and the country’s 

infrastructure. The Trimble UX5 UAS will provide safe, efficient, and economical aerial 

acquisition and research operations to further each of these fields, all of which are critical to the 

well-being of the general public. 

 The specific operations that GDA will perform with the Trimble UX5 UAS demonstrate 

how the requested exemption will directly benefit the above-referenced industries and the public. 

In operations involving infrastructure, the aerial acquisition performed by the Trimble UX5 UAS 

will be used to preview possible sites for construction projects and provide precise topographic 

information about selected sites. In mining, natural resources, and the petroleum industry, the 

Trimble UX5 UAS will be used to surveying and planning new worksites, volumetric analysis, 

and performing right of way analysis. The Trimble UX5 UAS will also further environmental 

management by aiding in identifying, developing, and transporting scarce water resources. 
2. The Public Will Benefit from Decreased Congestion Of The NAS

 The Trimble UX5 UAS is battery powered and serves as a safe, efficient, and economical 

alternative to the manned aircraft traditionally utilized to obtain aerial imagery. By reducing the 

amount of manned aircraft needed to perform aerial acquisitions, an exemption allowing the use 

of a Trimble UX5 UAS would reduce the amount of manned aircraft in the NAS, reduce noise 

and air pollution, as well as increase the safety of life and property in the air and on the ground. 

 Furthermore, by reducing the number of manned aircraft operating in the NAS, 

congestion around airports caused by arriving and departing aircraft will be reduced. The 

Trimble UX5 UAS does not require an airport to takeoff or land. Likewise, a reduction of 

manned aircraft conducting aerial survey missions would result in fewer aircraft that must be 

handled by air traffic control during the ground, takeoff, departure, arrival, and landing phases of 

flight operations. 

3. The Public Will Benefit from the Safety and Efficiency of the Trimble UX5 UAS

 Conducting aerial acquisitions with the Trimble UX5 UAS, instead of manned aircraft, 

will greatly benefit the public by drastically reducing the levels of air and noise pollution 

generated during traditional aerial survey flight operations. By using battery power and electric 

motors, the Trimble UX5 UAS produces no air pollution, and is the most viable environmentally 

conscious alternative to the cabin class, six cylinder internal combustion twin engine aircraft that 

are typically utilized for aerial acquisitions, while burning approximately 20-30 gallons per hour 

of leaded aviation fuel. The Trimble UX5 UAS, while reducing the carbon footprint of aerial 

acquisitions, also eliminates noise pollution, as its battery powered electric motors produce lower 

levels of noise then a single engine aircraft. 

 By using the Trimble UX5 UAS to perform aerial acquisitions, the substantial risk to life 

and property in the air and on the ground, which is usually associated with traditional manned 

aircraft flight operations, will be substantially reduced or completely eliminated. Aside from the 

lack of aircrew members located onboard the aircraft, the Trimble UX5 UAS (weighing 

approximately 5.5 pounds with a wingspan of 39.4 inches and no fuel on board), has less 

physical potential for collateral damage to life and property on the ground, and in the air, 

compared to the manned aircraft that typically conduct aerial acquisitions (weighing 
approximately 6,500 pounds with a wingspan of approximately 40 feet, a length of 34 feet, and a 

fuel capacity of 180 gallons). 

4. Performing Aerial Acquisition Operations With the Trimble UX5 UAS Will Benefit 

The Economy

 In addition to being safe and efficient, the Trimble UX5 UAS is also an economical 

alternative to using manned aircraft to conduct aerial acquisitions. As such, operation of the 

Trimble UX5 UAS will allow companies like GDA, to remain competitive and contribute to 

growth of the U.S. economy. Specifically, with the rising cost of aviation fuel and the 

Environmental Protection Agency (“EPA”) regulatory actions phasing out leaded fuels, U.S. 

owned and operated companies must adopt new and alternative technology in order to remain 

competitive. Operating the battery powered Trimble UX5 UAS will allow companies greater 

operational flexibility compared to manned aircraft, but provides such flexibility without the 

high operational cost of a traditional manned aircraft. 

By operating the Trimble UX5 UAS, companies such as GDA can remain competitive 

and profitable, and therefore provide greater job stability to employees and contractors, which 

will ultimately contribute to growth of the U.S. economy. Improved financial performance of 

U.S. companies, through commercial use of the Trimble UX5 UAS, provides a stable workforce 

that increases consumer spending; improves local, state, and federal tax revenues; and allows 

companies to invest in research and development in order to remain competitive. 

5. There Are No Privacy Issues

Like the manned aerial acquisition flight operations that have been conducted for 

decades, the proposed operation of the Trimble UX5 UAS will not implicate any privacy issues. 

Specifically, the Trimble UX5 UAS will be operated in accordance with operating limitations set 

forth herein and the Federal Aviation Regulations, including the minimum altitude requirements 

of 14 C.F.R. § 91.119. Most significantly, the Trimble UX5 UAS will not be operated closer 

than 500 feet to any person, vessel, vehicle, or structure, which is not directly involved in the 

operation unless certain conditions are met. 

Further reinforcing the protection of privacy, the Trimble UX5 will be used to fly a preplanned route where the UAS will fly autonomously while the PIC and Observer monitor the 
airspace within the area. The Trimble UX5 will diverge from this flight path only in the event of 

identifying a hazard or emergency whereby the UAS will be instructed to conduct an immediate 

landing at a predesignated location.

The Reasons Why Granting The Exemption 

Would Not Adversely Affect Safety 

1. Reasons Why the Trimble UX5 UAS Meets the Conditions of the FAA 

Modernization and Reform Act of 2012 (FMRA) Section 333 

 In consideration of the size, weight, speed, and limited operating area associated with the 

unmanned aircraft and its operation, GDA’s operation of the Trimble UX5 UAS meets the 

conditions of FMRA Section 333, and will not require an airworthiness certificate in accordance 

with 14 C.F.R. Part 21, Subpart H. 

 Section 333 provides authority for UAS to operate without airworthiness certification and 

sets forth requirements for considering whether a UAS will create a hazard to users of the NAS 

or the public, or otherwise pose a threat to national security. 

 In seeking this exemption, GDA submits that the Trimble UX5 UAS can operate safely in 

the NAS pursuant to FMRA Section 333, as demonstrated by: (a) the characteristics of the 

Trimble UX5 UAS; (b) the private pilot certification requirement; and (c) the specific operating 

limitations. 

 a. The Specifications of the Trimble UX5 UAS Demonstrate Its Safe Characteristics

The Trimble UX5 UAS does not create a hazard to users of the NAS or the public, or 

otherwise pose a threat to national security considering its size, weight, speed, and operational 

capability. 

 
i. Technical Specifications of the Trimble UX5 UAS

PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATIONS

• Maximized image footprint without compromising resolution, obtained with

 a custom wide-angle lens and APSC-type sensor.

• Maximized coverage per flight and per hour due to large image footprint,

 sharp turning capability and high cruise speed.

• Reversed thrust technology for a short and steep landing circuit.

• Powerful propulsion system for steep climbs and high altitude flights.

• High airframe service life due to wing robustness and maintainability.

• Short setup time with automated procedures in Trimble Access field software.

• Self-check and failsafe procedures for safe operation.

• One-button export to Trimble Business Center to create deliverables.

• Optimized data accuracy when processed with Trimble Business Center.

HARDWARE

Type. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fixed wing

Weight. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.5 kg (5.51 lb)

Wingspan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 m (3.28 ft)

Wing area. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 dm

Dimensions. . . . . . . . . 100 cm x 65 cm X 10.5 cm (39.37 in x 25.59 in x 4.13 in)

Material. . . . . . . . . . . . . EPP foam; Carbon frame structure; Composite elements

Propulsion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Electric pusher propeller; brushless 700 W motor

Battery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.8 V, 6000 mAh

Camera. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 MP mirrorless APSC with custom 15 mm lens

Controller. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trimble Tablet Rugged PC

SOFTWARE

Trimble Access Aerial Imaging application

• Project management

• Mission planning with option for multiple flights

• Automated pre-flight checks

• Automatic take off, flight and landing

• Autonomous camera triggering

• Automated fail-safe routines

• User controlled fail-safe commands

• Automated data consistency checks

• Export to Trimble Business Center and a generic format for image processing
ii. The Trimble UX5 UAS Autonomous Flight And Navigation Modes 

Enable the UAS to Remain within a Defined Operational Area

 The UX5 has a semi-autonomous navigation and control system comprised of a Ground 

Control Station (GCS) and auto-pilot system. All flights are pre-programmed with GPS guidance 

and do not require human intervention. Flight mission area and routing cannot be changed after 

launch. Flights are not directed by positive manual control, nor are evasive maneuvers. In the 

case of unplanned events, the operator inputs pre-programmed evasive maneuvers from the 

control unit and the control unit executes that maneuver. Pre-programmed operator interventions 

include diversion to the right; initiation of holding at present position; suspension of mission; fly 

back to launch point; fly to point and hold; abort mission and land; and emergency power cut off 

and land (Flight Termination System). 

iii. The Trimble UX5 UAS is Designed for Complete Autonomy from Launch 

to Landing Even In The Unlikely Event Of Loss of the Control Link Or 

Navigation

OPERATION

Endurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 minutes

Range. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 km (37.28 mi)

Cruise speed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 kmh (50 mph)

Maximum ceiling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5000 m (16,404 ft)

Pre-flight system setup time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 minutes

Take off

 Type. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Catapult launch

 Angle. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 degrees

Landing

 Type. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Belly landing

 Angle. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 degrees

Landing space (L x W)2

 Typical. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 m x 6 m (66 ft x 20 ft)

 Recommended. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 m x 30 m (164 ft x 98 ft)

Weather limit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 kmh (40.39 mph) and light rain

Communication & control frequency. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4 GHz (FHSS)

Communication & control range. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Up to 5 km (3.10 mi)

ACQUISITION PERFORMANCE

Resolution (GSD). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.0 cm to 19.5 cm (.79 in to 7.67 in)

Height above take-off location (AGL). . . . . . . 75 m to 750 m (246 ft to 2,460 ft)
Although a degradation or loss of the control link, and/or degradation or loss of the 

source of navigation, is unlikely, it is a situation that is well planned for and therefore, is a 

benign event. The Trimble UX5 UAS is designed for complete autonomy from launch to landing 

with a line of sight operator in the loop monitoring the airframe. Automated safety functions and 

safety enhancing features of the UX5 include the following: 

 Auto-pilot detection of lost GPS or of insufficient satellites initiates an immediate 

spiral landing. 

 Low power on the aircraft triggers escalating alarms at GCS at 35% and 10% 

levels. 

 If the auto-pilot detects a lost-link to the GCS for longer than 30 seconds, landing 

procedure begins. 

 The UX5 is inherently unstable, so auto-pilot fail will result in very rapid exit 

from flight. 

 Aircraft has an on-board failsafe that limits speed in the event of dive to 

approximately 14 m/s. 

 The aircraft, weighing less than 6 lbs., fully loaded, is constructed of EPP foam, 

or similar material which is intended to absorb impact energy. 

 The motor is driven by a pulse width modulated signal, not an analog signal. 

iv. Mobile Operation of The Trimble UX5 UAS

The Trimble UX5 UAS will not be operated in a mobile capacity. All deployments and 

operations of the UAS will be from a stationary position. The only mobility involving the use of 

the Trimble UX5 will be in acquisition of the UAS and relocation of the catapult launcher. 

b. Flight Operations of the Trimble UX5 UAS are Limited to the Line Of Sight 

of A Certificated Private Pilot in Command with a Safety Observer

GDA will only utilize certificated Private Pilots who possess a valid airman medical 

certificate to act as a pilot in command of the Trimble UX5 UAS. Additionally, a safety 

observer will assist all pilots during flight operations. Additionally, both the pilot in 

command and safety observer must complete the Trimble Operators Course and be tested to 
ensure knowledge of the functions and operations of the UAS. The training will be conducted 

at Frontier Precision, a licensed seller and certifier of the Trimble UX5 UAS, located in 

Denver, CO. 

c. Flights will Be Conducted Pursuant to Specific Operating Limitations. 

In seeking this exemption, GDA proposes to commercially operate the Trimble UX5 

UAS for the special purpose of conducting aerial acquisitions within the NAS, pursuant to the 

specific operating limitations set by the FAA for Trimble Navigation Limited. The limitations 

have been attached as Appendix D. 

2. Reasons Why an Exemption from the Requirements of Section 61.113(a) Would Not 

Adversely Affect Safety 

GDA submits that an equivalent level of safety established by Section 61.113(a) will be 

maintained because no PIC will be allowed to operate the Trimble UX5 UAS unless that PIC has 

demonstrated, through the Trimble UX5 UAS training, that the PIC is able to safely operate the 

UAS in a manner consistent with this exemption, including evasive and emergency maneuvers 

and maintaining appropriate distances from people, vessels, vehicles and structures. 

Considering GDA’s proposed area of operations and the operating limitations (Appendix 

D); unlike a conventional aircraft that carries a pilot, passengers, and cargo, the Trimble UX5 

UAS in this case is remotely controlled with no passengers or property of others on board. 

Commercial certification would be unnecessary and not improve the capabilities of the PIC for 

the operation of the Trimble UX5 UAS beyond the private pilot certification and Trimble UX5 

UAS training. 

 Additionally, the FAA has previously granted relief from Section 61.113(a), specific to 

UAS, in circumstances similar, in all material respects, to those presented herein (e.g. Exemption 

Nos. 11062, 11063, 11064, 11065, 11066, 11067, 11080, 11109, 11110, 11112, 11136, 11138, 

11150, 11153, 11156, 11158, 11159, 11160, 11161, 11170, 11171, 11172, 11174, 11176, 11177, 

11178, 11185, 11188, 11189, 11191, 11192, 11193, 11194, 11195, 11204, 11206, 11208, 

11209). 
3. Reasons Why An Exemption from the Requirements of Section 91.7(a) Would Not 

Adversely Affect Safety

The level of safety established by Section 91.7(a) will be maintained because prior to 

every flight, GDA will ensure that the Trimble UX5 UAS is in an airworthy condition and safe 

for flight based upon the Trimble UX5 UAS’s compliance by conducting a pre-flight check 

before each operation and following its operating documents (i.e., the Trimble UX5 Aerial 

Imaging Solution User Guide, and the Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution Maintenance 

Guide) and as stated in the conditions and limitations. 

Additionally, the FAA has previously granted relief from Section 91.7(a), specific to 

UAS, in circumstances similar, in all material respects, to those presented herein (e.g. Exemption 

Nos. 11062, 11063, 11064, 11065, 11066, 11067, 11080, 11109, 11110, 11112, 11136, 11138, 

11150, 11153, 11156, 11157, 11158, 11159, 11160, 11161, 11166, 11167, 11170, 11171, 11172, 

11174, 11177, 11178, 11185, 11188, 11189, 11191, 11192, 11193, 11194, 11195, 11204, 11206, 

11208, 11209). 

4. Reasons Why An Exemption From The Requirements Of Section 91.119(c) Would Not 

Adversely Affect Safety 

Section 91.119 establishes safe altitudes for operation of civil aircraft. Specifically, 

91.119(c) limits aircraft flying over areas other than congested areas to an altitude of 500 feet 

above the surface, except over open water or sparsely populated areas. In those cases, the aircraft 

may not be operated closer than 500 feet to any person, vessel, vehicle, or structure. 

As set forth herein, the UX5 will never operate at higher than 400 feet AGL. It will, 

however, be operated to avoid congested or populated areas that are depicted in yellow on VFR 

sectional - 5 - charts. Because aerial survey work must be accomplished at relatively low 

altitudes and at altitudes less than 500 feet AGL, an exemption from Section 91.119(c) is needed. 

The equivalent level of safety will be achieved given the size, weight, speed, and material 

with which the UX5 is built. Also, no flight will be taken without the permission of the land 

owner or those who control the land. Because of the advance notice to the landowner, all 

affected individuals will be aware of the survey flights. Compared to aerial survey operations 
conducted with aircraft or rotorcraft weighing far more than 5.5 lbs. and carrying flammable 

fuel, any risk associated with these operations will be far less than those currently allowed with 

conventional aircraft operating at or below 500 feet AGL. Indeed, the low-altitude operations of 

the UAS will maintain separation between these small-UAS operations and the operations of 

conventional aircraft that must comply with Section 91.119. 

The FAA has previously granted relief from Section 91.119(c) specific to UAS, in 

circumstances similar, in all material respects, to those presented herein (e.g. Exemption Nos. 

11062, 11063, 11064, 11065, 11066, 11067, 11080, 11109, 11110, 11111, 11112, 11114, 11136, 

11138, 11150, 11153, 11156, 11157, 11158, 11159, 11160, 11161, 11166, 11167, 11170, 11171, 

11172, 11174, 11176, 11177, 11178, 11184, 11185, 11188, 11189, 11191, 11192, 11193, 11194, 

11195, 11204, 11206, 11208, 11209). 

5. Reasons Why an Exemption from the Requirements of Section 91.121 Would Not 

Adversely Affect Safety 

 The equivalent level of safety established by Section 91.121 will be maintained because 

the altitude of the Trimble UX5 UAS will be reported to air traffic control (ATC) in feet above 

ground level (AGL), and GDA will operate the UAS within visual line of sight, at or below 400 

feet AGL. Furthermore, the altitude information of the Trimble UX5 UAS will be provided to 

the PIC via the GPS equipment, and radio communications which transmits altitude information 

to the control system. Prior to each flight, a zero altitude initiation point is established at ground 

level. 

 The FAA has previously granted relief from Section 91.121 specific to UAS, in 

circumstances similar, in all material respects, to those presented herein (e.g. Exemption Nos. 

11062, 11063, 11064, 11065, 11066, 11067, 11080, 11109, 11112, 11136, 11138, 11150, 11153, 

11156, 11157, 11158, 11159, 11160, 11161, 11166, 11167, 11170, 11171, 11174, 11176, 11177, 

11178, 11185, 11188, 11189, 11191, 11192, 11193, 11194, 11195, 11204, 11206, 11208, 

11209). 

 
6. Reasons Why an Exemption from the Requirements of Section 91.151(a) Would Not 

Adversely Affect Safety 

This regulation prohibits an individual from beginning “a flight in an airplane under VFR 

conditions unless (considering wind and forecast weather conditions) there is enough fuel to fly 

to the first point of intended landing and, assuming normal cruising speed – (1) During the day, 

to fly after that for at least 30 minutes; or (2) At night, to fly after that for at least 45 minutes.” 

 The UX5 batteries provide approximately 50 minutes of powered flight. Without an 

exemption from § 14 CFR 91.151, the UAS’s flights would be limited to approximately 20 

minutes in length. Given the limitations on its proposed operations and the location of those 

proposed operations, a longer time frame for flight in daylight VFR conditions is reasonable. 

 GDA believes that an exemption from 14 CFR § 91.151(a) is safe and within the scope of 

a prior exemption. Operating the small UAS, without 30 minutes of reserve fuel does not 

engender the type of risks that Section 91.151(a) was meant to prevent given the size and speed 

at which the UAS operates. The fact that it carries no pilot, passenger, or cargo also enhances its 

safety. Additionally, limiting UX5 flights to 20 minutes would greatly reduce their utility. In the 

unlikely event that the UX5 should run out of fuel, it would simply land. Given its weight and 

construction material, the risks are less than contemplated by the current regulation. 

GDA believes that an equivalent level of safety can be achieved by maintaining 10 

minutes of reserve fuel (battery power), which, allowing 40 minutes of flight time, would be 

more than adequate to return the UAS to its planned landing zone from anywhere in its operating 

area. Due to the loss of utility and difficulty of maintaining line of sight of the Trimble UX5 

UAS, GDA will not operate the UAS during nighttime operations. 

The FAA has previously granted relief from Section 91.151, specific to UAS, in 

circumstances similar, in all material respects, to those presented herein (e.g. Exemption Nos. 

8811, 10808, 10673, 11042, 11062, 11063, 11064, 11065, 11066, 11067, 11080, 11109, 11110, 

11136, 11138, 11150, 11153, 11156, 11157, 11158, 11159, 11160, 11161, 11166, 11167, 11170, 

11171, 11172, 11174, 11176, 11177, 11178, 11185, 11188, 11189, 11191, 11192, 11193, 11194, 

11195, 11204, 11206, 11208, 11209). 

 
7. Reasons Why An Exemption From The Requirements Of Sections 91.405(a), 

91.407(a)(1), 91.409(a)(1) & (a)(2), And 91.417(a) & (b) Would Not Adversely Affect Safety

Section 91.405(a) requires that an aircraft operator or owner “shall have that aircraft 

inspected as prescribed in subpart E of this part and shall between required inspections, except as 

provided in paragraph (c) of this section, have discrepancies repaired as prescribed in part 43 of 

this chapter . . . .” Section 91.407 similarly makes reference to requirements in Part 43; Section 

91.409(a)(2) requires an annual inspection for the issuance of an air worthiness certificate. 

Section 91.417(a) requires the owner or operator to keep records showing certain maintenance 

work that has been accomplished by certificated mechanics, under Part 43, or licensed pilots and 

records of approval of the aircraft for return to service. 

Maintenance of the UX5 will be accomplished by the owner/operator pursuant to the 

manuals, such as Exhibit 3, provided by Trimble. An equivalent level of safety will be achieved 

because the UAS is small in size, will carry no external payload, will operate only in restricted 

predetermined areas and is not a complex mechanical devise. As provided in the attached 

Maintenance Manual and the Safety Checklist, which were reviewed as part of Trimble’s SAC 

application, the operator of UX5 will ensure that the UAS is in working order prior to initiating 

flight, perform required maintenance, and keep a log of any maintenance that is performed. 

Moreover, the operator is the person most familiar with the aircraft and is best suited to maintain 

the aircraft in an airworthy condition and to ensure an equivalent level of safety. 

The UX5’s Maintenance Manual provides for replacement of the airframe every 50 hours 

of flight. This will ensure an equivalent level of safety to the maintenance requirements in Part 

91. In addition, between such air frame replacements, should a mechanical issue arise, the 

aircraft will either return to its launch site or immediately land. 

The FAA has previously granted relief specific to UAS in circumstances similar, in all 

material respects, to those presented herein (e.g. Exemption Nos. 11062, 11063, 11064, 11065, 

11066, 11067, 11080, 11109, 11110, 11112, 11136, 11138, 11150, 11153, 11156, 11157, 11158, 

11159, 11160, 11161, 11166, 11167, 11170, 11171, 11172, 11174, 11176, 11177, 11178, 11185, 

11188,11189, 11191, 11192, 11193, 11194 ,11195, 11204, 11206, 11208, 11209). 

 
A Summary That Can Be Published in 

The Federal Register, stating:

 The Rules From Which GDA Seeks Exemption: 

GDA Engineers seeks exemption from the requirements of 14 C.F.R. Sections 61.113(a), 

91.7(a), 91.119(c), 91.121, 91.151(a)(1), 91.405(a), 91.407(a)(1), 91.409(a)(1) & (a)(2), 

and 91.417(a) & (b). 

 

A Brief Description Of The Nature Of The Exemption GDA Seeks: 

This exemption will permit GDA Engineers to commercially operate an Unmanned 

Aircraft System (UAS) for the purpose of conducting aerial acquisitions and research 

within the National Airspace System (NAS). 

 
Appendix A – Trimble UX5 Unmanned Aircraft 

System Data Sheet 

 
Appendix B – Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging 

Solution User Guide 

 
Appendix C – Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging 

Solution Maintenance Guide 

 
Appendix D – Conditions and Limitations 

 
Appendix E – Trimble UX5 Launcher Quick Start 

Guide 
USER GUIDE

TRIMBLE UX5 AERIAL

IMAGING SOLUTION

1

Version 2.0

Revision A

February 2015
Legal Information

Trimble Navigation Limited

935 Stewart Drive

Sunnyvale, California 94085

U.S.A.

www.trimble.com

Copyright and Trademarks

©2013–2015, Trimble Navigation Limited. Allrights reserved.

Trimble and the Globe and Triangle logo are trademarks of Trimble

Navigation Limited,registered in the United States and in other

countries. Access is a trademark of Trimble Navigation Limited.

Microsoft and Windows are eitherregistered trademarks ortrademarks

of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and/or other countries.

All othertrademarks are the property of theirrespective owners.

COCOM Limits

The U.S. Department of Commerce requires that all exportable GPS

products contain performance limitations so thatthey cannot be used in

a mannerthat could threaten the security of the United States. The

following limitations are implemented on this product:

– Immediate access to satellite measurements and navigation results is

disabled when the receiver velocity is computed to be greaterthan

1,000 knots, orits altitude is computed to be above 18,000 meters. The

receiverGPS subsystem resets until the COCOM situation clears. As a

result, all logging and stream configurations stop until the GPS

subsystem is cleared.

Notices

United States

Certification number: FCC ID HSW-DNT2400P.

This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for

a Class A digital device, pursuantto part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits

are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful

interference when the equipmentis operated in a commercial

environment. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio

frequency energy and, if notinstalled and used in accordance with the

instruction manual,may cause harmful interference to radio

communications. Operation of this equipmentin a residential area is

likely to cause harmful interference in which case the user will be

required to correctthe interference at his own expense.

Changes and modifications not expressly approved by the manufacturer

orregistrant of this equipment can void your authority to operate this

equipment under Federal Communications Commission rules.

Canada

UnderIndustry Canada regulations,this radio transmittermay only

operate using an antenna of a type and maximum (orlesser) gain

approved forthe transmitter by Industry Canada.

To reduce potentialradio interference to other users,the antenna type

and its gain should be so chosen thatthe equivalentisotropically

radiated power(e.i.r.p.) is not more than that necessary forsuccessful

communication.

This device complies with Industry Canada license-exempt RSS standard

(s). Operation is subjectto the following two conditions:

(1) this device may not cause interference, and

(2) this device must accept any interference, including interference that

may cause undesired operation of the device.

This Class A digital apparatus complies with Canadian ICES-003.

Certification numberIC: 4492A-DNT2400P.

This apparatus complies with Canadian RSS-210.

Conformément à la réglementation d'Industrie Canada, le présent

émetteurradio peutfonctionner avec une antenne d'un type et d'un

gain maximal (ou inférieur) approuvé pourl'émetteur parIndustrie

Canada.

Dans le but de réduire les risques de brouillage radioélectrique à

l'intention des autres utilisateurs, il faut choisirle type d'antenne etson

gain de sorte que la puissance isotrope rayonnée équivalente (p.i.r.e.)

ne dépasse pas l'intensité nécessaire à l'établissement d'une

communication satisfaisante.

Le présent appareil est conforme aux CNR d'Industrie Canada applicables

aux appareils radioexempts de licence. L'exploitation est autorisée aux

deux conditions suivantes:

(1) l'appareil ne doit pas produire de brouillage, et

(2) l'utilisateur de l'appareil doit acceptertout brouillage radioélectrique

subi,même si le brouillage estsusceptible d'en compromettre le

fonctionnement.

Cet appareil numérique de la classe A est conforme à la norme NMB-003

du Canada.

Numérique de certification IC: 4492A-DNT2400P.

Cet appareil est conforme à la norme CNR-210 du Canada.

Europe

The product covered by this guide are intended to be used in all EU

member countries,Norway, and Switzerland.

This equipmentis classified as Group 1, Class A equipment according to

EN55011. Group 1 is applicable for all equipment within the scope of EN

55011 thatis not classified as Group 2 equipment, which contains all ISM

RF equipment. Class A equipmentis equipmentsuitable for use in all

establishments otherthan domestic. Using Class A equipmentin

domestic environments may cause difficulties ensuring electromagnetic

compatibility.

CE Declaration of Conformity

Hereby, Trimble Navigation, declares thatthis productis

in compliance with the essentialrequirements and other

relevant provisions of:

– EMC Directive (2014/30/EU)

– Radio Equipment Directive (2014/53/EU)

– RoHS Directive (2011/65/EU)

– Machine Directive (2006/42/EC)

Note– Deviation from Machine directive 2006/42/EC: The CE

marking for the UX5 systemis placed on the Trimble UX5 eBox and is

only visible when the eBox isremoved fromthe Trimble UX5 wing.

Japan

Certification numbers forthe DNT2400P RFM radio module:

007WWCUL0739 and 003UVA110681

Brazil

Este produto está homologado pela Anatel, de acordo com os

procedimentos regulamentados pela Resolução no. 242/2000 e atende

aos requisitos técnicos aplicados, incluindo os limites de exposição da

Taxa de Absorção Específica referente a campos elétricos,magnéticos e

eletromagnéticos de radiofrequência de acordo com as Resoluções no.

303/2002 e 533/2009.

Manter distância mínima de 2,5 cm do corpo humano.

Para maiores informações, consulte o site da ANATEL

www.anatel.gov.br.

Australia and New Zealand

This product conforms with the regulatory requirements of

the Australian Communications and Media Authority

(ACMA) EMC framework,thus satisfying the requirements

for C-Tick Marking and sale within Australia and New

Zealand.

Taiwan – Battery Recycling Requirements

The product contains a removable Lithium polymer battery. Taiwanese

regulations require that waste batteries are recycled.

廢電池請回收

Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE)

For productrecycling instructions and more information,

please go to

www.trimble.com/Corporate/Environmental_

Compliance.aspx.

Recycling in Europe: To recycle Trimble WEEE (Waste

Electrical and Electronic Equipment, products thatrun on electrical

power), call +31 497 53 24 30, and ask forthe “WEEE Associate”. Or,

mail a requestforrecycling instructions to:

Trimble Europe BV

c/o Menlo Worldwide Logistics

Meerheide 45

5521 DZ Eersel,NL

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 2
FCC Declaration of Conformity

We, TrimbleNavigation Limited.

935 Stewart Drive

PO Box 3642

Sunnyvale, CA 94088-3642

United States

+1-408-481-8000

Declare under sole responsibility that DoC products comply

with Part 15 of FCC Rules.

Operation issubject to the following two conditions:

(1) This devicemay not cause harmful interference, and

(2) This devicemust accept any interference received,

including interference that may cause undesired operation.

Environmental hazards

The product complies with international RoHS regulations.

Toxic and hazardous substances and elements

Part name Lead

(Pb)

Mercury

(Hg)

Cadmium

(Cd)

Hexavalent

Chromium

(Cr6+)

Poly-brominated

biphenyls

(PBB)

Poly-brominated

diphenyl ethers

(PBDE)

Lithium polymer

rechargeable battery

X O O O O O

Power supply X O O O O O

Printed circuit board

assembly

X O O O O O

Radio module X O O O O O

Chassis O O O O O O

Plastic enclosure O O O O O O

Paper manual O O O O O O

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 3
Contents

Environmental hazards 3

1 Introduction 6

The UX5 aerial imaging rover 7

Parts of the UX5 aerial imaging rover 8

Solution components 10

Flight case contents 11

Inserting the eBox and camera 12

Installing the Aerial Imaging software 14

Projects, missions, blocks, and flights 16

Project phases 17

Software overview 18

Changing the system settings 21

Performing maintenance 22

2 Planning a Project 24

Creating a project 25

Preparing the project map 25

Defining the blocks 30

Obstacle clearances 33

Defining the flights 37

Exporting the project 43

Checking flight permissions and conditions 43

3 Preparing Equipment 48

Checking the launcher 49

Checking the UX5 aerial imaging rover 49

Charging the UX5 batteries 52

Charging the Tablet batteries 55

Charging the camera batteries 55

Checking the camera 55

Pairing the transmitter with the tracking receiver 60

Locating your equipment 60

4 Completing a Flight 62

Importing the project 63

Validating the blocks 63

Validating the flights 63

Dealing with sudden weather changes 64

Completing the flight checklist 65

Monitoring the flight 79

Landing the UX5 89

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 4
Contents

Completing the post-flight checklist 91

Disassembling the launcher 92

5 Analysis and Export 94

Transferring the images 95

Returning the project to the Aerial Imaging Desktop software 95

Exporting flight data for processing 96

6 Troubleshooting 98

Errors and warnings 99

Landing issues 104

Aerial Imaging software issues 105

eBox LED status 106

Technicalsupport 106

7 Specifications and Settings 107

UX5 specifications 108

Camera specifications 109

Camera settings 110

Battery charger settings 121

UX5 battery safety 121

A Country-Specific Regulatory Information 131

FAA conditions and limitations of operation 132

Glossary 137

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 5
Introduction

n The UX5 aerial imaging rover 

n Parts of the UX5 aerial imaging rover 

n Solution components

n Flight case contents

n Inserting the eBox and camera

n Installing the Aerial Imaging software

n Projects, missions, blocks, and flights

n Project phases

n Software overview

The Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User

Guide provides detailed information about

operating the components of the Trimble®

UX5 aerial imaging solution.

Even if you have used other unmanned aviation

systems before, please read this user guide

carefully to familiarize yourself with the

UX5 aerial imaging solution.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 6

C H A P T E R 1
1   Introduction

The UX5 aerial imaging rover 

The Trimble UX5 aerial imaging rover is an unmanned aircraft (UA). An unmanned aircraft is a generic

term, and refers to an aircraft that is operated with no pilot on board. Such an aircraft is commonly

also referred to as a remotely-piloted aircraft (RPA). The UX5 aerial imaging rover follows a

pre-programmed path where takeoff, flight, and landing require minimal human intervention. If

required, the crew operating the aircraft from the ground can intervene to change the flight path or

to land. In some cases, such as communications failure or loss of GPS signal, a pre-programmed

intervention is automatically activated to re-establish signal loss or to terminate the flight early and

complete a safe landing.

The UX5 aerial imaging rover holds a camera that takes aerial images over the defined area. During

the flight, all pictures are acquired at a specified height, along parallel lines with specified overlap

between the image exposures. At the same time, position information of the pictures is recorded for

further processing in image processing software such as Trimble Business Center software.

Typical applications

Image acquisition can be used for:

l Orthophoto creation

l Digital Elevation Model (DEM) or Digital Surface Model (DSM)

l Photogrammetry

The resulting data is useful for a range of applications, including:

l Topographicalsurveying, particularly in remote or difficult to access areas, typical in the mining

and dredging industries

l Vegetation monitoring

l Infrastructure mapping

ISA conditions

All operating specifications provided in this guide for the UX5 aerial imaging rover are determined

using International Standard Atmosphere (ISA) conditions. The ISA conditions used to determine

the specifications for the UX5 aerial imaging rover are:

Specification Value

Humidity 0 %

Air pressure 1013.25 hPa (760 mm Hg)

Temperature 15 °C (59 °F)

Air density 1.225 kg/m3 (0.076 lb/ft3)

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 7
1   Introduction

Parts of the UX5 aerial imaging rover 

The main parts of the UX5 aerial imaging rover are shown below.

Top view

❶ Aircraft body ❻ eBox ❿ Download cable connector

❷ Leading edge ❼ Pitot tube ⓫ Elevon servos

❸ Payload bay ❽ GPS antenna ⓬ Inboard elevon

❹ Battery ❾ Mode button ⓭ Outboard elevon

❺ Camera

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 8
1   Introduction

Bottom view

❶ Camera lens hole ❸ Motor ❺ Propeller

❷ Launcher slat ❹ Propeller nut ❻ Winglet

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 9
1   Introduction

Solution components

The UX5 aerial imaging solution comprises the following components:

l UX5 aerial imaging rover

l Camera

l Ground controlstation

l Launcher

l Tracker (optional)

UX5 aerial imaging rover

The UX5 aerial imaging rover consists of the wing kit (or body) and the eBox. The eBox is a

removable box containing the computer that controls the UX5. The eBox is connected to a GPS

antenna and a radio antenna so that the ground controlstation can communicate with the UX5

while it is in the air.

Camera

The camera captures images during the flight. The camera has a large 24.3 megapixel (Sony a5100) or

16.1 megapixel (Sony NEX-5) APS-C sensor that provides sharp, detailed images. The standard RGB

solution includes a UV HAZE 1 filter. The optional NIR (near infrared)solution is for use in specialized

applications such as agriculture.

Ground control station

The ground controlstation (GCS) is used to control the UX5 aerial imaging rover from the ground. It

comprises the Trimble Tablet running the Trimble AccessTM Aerial Imaging software. The Trimble UX5

modem is connected to the Tablet to enable radio communication to the unmanned aircraft.

Launcher

The launcher is a mechanical device that provides a safe way to launch the UX5 aerial imaging

rover in the direction of takeoff.

Tracker

The tracker consists of a transmitter inserted in the body of the UX5 aerial imaging rover and a

receiver. Ifrequired, the receiver is used to track the transmitter signalso the UX5 can be located

once it has landed. The exact type of tracker used depends on the country where the system is

being used. Check with your Trimble distributor what is available for your location.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 10
1   Introduction

Flight case contents

When you receive your solution components, unpack them and store them in the dedicated

cavities in the flight case.

Check off the components against the illustration below to ensure that you have all of the

components you need for a successful flight:

❾ ❿

❶ ❷ ❷ ❸

❹ ❺

❻ ❼

❽ ⓫

❶ Tablet, Tablet charger, modem and RF

antenna, download cable

❼ UX5 battery charger and charge cable

❷ UX5 battery ❽ Spare camera battery and camera

battery charger

❸ Tracker transmitter and receiver ❾ Lens cleaning paper

❹ Power strip and power cable ❿ Pre-moistened lens cloth

❺ UX5 body, with camera, eBox and top cover ⓫ Pitot cover, tools and optionalspare

parts

❻ Extra parts such as winglets, propellers

Note – Some components are small partsthat are easily lost. To avoid this, assoon as you unpack them:

— insert the camera battery and SD card into the camera.

— attach the GPS and RF antennasto the eBox. See Inserting the eBox and camera, page 12.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 11
1   Introduction

Note – According to ICAO/IATA regulations, Lithium polymer batteries must be carried in hand luggage

when transporting the system by air.

Note – The following parts of the Trimble UX5 aerial imaging solution are considered dual-use: the eBox,

Trimble Tablet and launcher. Dual-use goods are products and technologies normally used for civilian

purposes but which may have military applications. Under EU regulations, controlled items may not leave

the EU customsterritory without an export authorization. Additional restrictions are also in place

concerning the provision of brokering services with regard to dual-use items and concerning the transit of

such itemsthrough the EU. The same istrue when exporting goodsfrom any country outside the EU to

any other country outside the EU.

Inserting the eBox and camera

The eBox and camera are stored inside the UX5 body in the flight case.

1. Unpack the UX5 body, the eBox, GPS antenna, RF antenna, and camera.

2. Attach the RF antenna to the underside of the eBox.

3. Attach the GPS antenna to the top side of the eBox.

4. Insert the eBox into the eBox cavity of the UX5 body, sliding the bottom end into the cavity and

then pressing down so that the connector on the rear plugs into the connector in the UX5

body.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 12
1   Introduction

WARNING – Always disconnect the battery from the aircraft before inserting or removing the eBox from

the UX5 body. If the battery is still connected, you risk damaging the electronics inside the UX5 body. For

information on disconnecting the battery, see Removing the battery, page 52.

5. Insert the screw into the hole of the eBox and screw the eBox into place using a T10 Torx

screwdriver.

6. If you are using the:

Sony a5100 camera

Note – Make sure that the Sony NEX-5 adapter pieces and the IR LED trigger cable are removed

from the payload bay. Do not use any sharp toolsfor this.

a. Insert the adapter piece into the camera cavity of the payload bay of the UX5 body.

b. Connect the USB cable to the camera and to the connector from the eBox. Insert the eBox

connection vertically into the cavity.

c. Insert the camera into the camera cavity of the payload bay and secure it using the Velcro

strap.

Sony NEX-5 camera

Note – Make sure that the Sony a5100 adapter piece and the USB trigger cable are removed from

the payload bay. Do not use any sharp toolsfor this.

a. Insert the two adapter pieces into the camera cavity of the payload bay of the UX5 body.

b. Insert the IR LED cable into the cable duct:

a. Without using any sharp tools, position the LED vertically in the round opening and

gently push the cable into the duct.

b. Connect the IR LED cable connector to the connector from the eBox and insert the

connection vertically into the cavity.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 13
1   Introduction

c. Cover the IR LED with the protection cap. The cap should be flush with the surface.

c. Insert the camera into the camera cavity of the payload bay and secure it using the Velcro

strap.

Note – After inserting and securing the camera, check the shutter speed asthe settings control might

have spun and changed the setting.

Installing the Aerial Imaging software

Use the Aerial Imaging software to plan, manage, and monitor your flights.

The Aerial Imaging Desktop software is installed on an office computer. The field version of the Aerial

Imaging software is installed on the Tablet. The field software provides all of the functionality

included in the office software. In addition, you can use the field software to monitor the aircraft

during flight.

Aerial Imaging Desktop installation

1. To install the Aerial Imaging Desktop software, use the Trimble Access Installation Manager. If

you have:

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 14
1   Introduction

l not installed the Trimble Access Installation Manager before, go to www.trimble.com/taim

for installation information. Make sure you download and install the TAIM Online version.

l previously installed the Trimble Access Installation Manager, you do not need to reinstall it

because it updates itself automatically.

2. Make sure you do not have a Tablet or other Trimble controller connected to the office

computer.

3. Select Start / All Programs / Trimble Access Installation Manager to start the Installation

Manager.

4. Select the Trialsoftware tab.

5. Select the Aerial Imaging Desktop check box.

6. Click Create license.

7. The Trimble Access Installation Manager switches to the Licensed applications tab and shows

the now licensed Aerial Imaging Desktop software.

8. Click Install.

For further information on updating the software, refer to the Help file in the Trimble Access

Installation Manager. To view the Help file, select the Trimble icon in the top left, and then select

Help.

Aerial Imaging Tablet installation

When you first turn on the Tablet, you must install the Windows® 7 operating system. To do this

you must set a user name and password for the Tablet. The installation of Windows 7 takes about 5

minutes.

1. To install the Aerial Imaging software on the Tablet, use the Trimble Access Installation

Manager. If you have:

l not installed the Trimble Access Installation Manager before, go to www.trimble.com/taim

for installation information.

l previously installed the Trimble Access Installation Manager, you do not need to reinstall it

because it updates itself automatically.

2. Select Start / All Programs / Trimble Access Installation Manager to start the Installation

Manager.

3. Make sure Aerial Imaging is selected in the product bar.

4. In the Licensed applications tab, select the Aerial Imaging check box and then click Install.

For further information on how to install or update your software and license file, refer to the Help

file in the Trimble Access Installation Manager. To view the Help file, select the Trimble icon in the

top left, and then select Help.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 15
1   Introduction

Software notifications

The software notification service is installed on your office computer or Trimble Tablet along with

the TAIM software. The service uses the Windows notification area, which appears at the far right of

the Windows taskbar.

The service notifies you when newer versions of the Aerial Imaging software are available.

Notifications occur once a week until you have updated your system.

To run TAIM and install updates, click the notification message. Alternatively, click the Show Hidden

Icons arrow in the Windows taskbar and then double-click the Trimble Access Installation Manager

icon.

To manually check for updates, click the Show Hidden Icons arrow in the Windows taskbar and then

right-click the Trimble Access Installation Manager icon and select Check for updates.

Updating the eBox firmware

The Aerial Imaging software automatically checks that the eBox firmware is up to date when the

connection between the GCS and the UX5 is established during the flight checklist procedure. If

firmware updates are available you are prompted to perform an update. It takes about 30 minutes

to update the eBox firmware.

To manually initiate a firmware update, tap Checking the firmware version in the Maintenance

screen. If the firmware version is out of date, tap Update.

1. When the Update firmware checklist appears, do one of the following:

l To dismiss the update checklist, tap .

l To start the firmware update, tap . The update checklist appears.

2. When prompted, attach the modem. Tap to update the modem firmware.

3. When prompted, connect the download cable. Tap to update the eBox firmware.

4. The eBox firmware update consists ofseveral automatic steps. When the firmware has finished

updating, disconnect the download cable from the eBox and the modem.

Depending on whether the Update firmware checklist was started automatically or manually,

either the start of the flight checklist or the Maintenance screen appears.

Projects, missions, blocks, and flights

A project consists of one or more missions. Missions represent the areas to be aerially

photographed. A mission area consists of one or more blocks within the mission area. By default

there is one block per mission area, but if the estimated flight time for a block exceeds 50 minutes

then the mission area must be divided into smaller blocks. Blocks provide flexibility so that the

mission areas in a project can be covered in the smallest number of flights, because a flight can

cover one or more blocks, as long as the total flight time for the blocks is less than 50 minutes.

For example, a farmer wants to aerially photograph his potato fields. The farmer has two potato

fields, located 500 m apart from each other. In his project, he creates a mission area for each field.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 16
1   Introduction

By default, each mission area consists of one block. One field can be mapped in an estimated flight

time of 20 minutes. But one field is so large the estimated flight time is 70 minutes. It cannot be

mapped in one flight. Therefore, the farmer splits the mission area into two blocks. He could split

the mission area into two equal blocks of 35 minutes, but then that would result in three separate

blocks that have to be flown as three separate flights. Instead, the farmer splits the large mission

area into one 45 minute block and one 25 minute block. Then the farmer adds the new 25 minute

block to the flight for the existing 20 minute block. The farmer can now map both mission areas in

two flights, each of 45 minutes duration.

Projects, blocks, and flights can be copied so it is easy to set up similar projects or flights. Copy

blocks to easily repeat flights at different heights. Or copy flights to redo a flight regularly, for

example to track changes or progress over the mission area.

Note – Project planning is usually done in the office. Block and flight planning can be prepared in the

office but must be validated in the field after checking actual conditions.

Project phases

The typical phases of a project are:

l Project definition: In the office you can define one or more missions, adding details such as

background maps, avoidance zones, and text fields ifrequired. The area, ground sample

distance (GSD), and the amount of image overlap are defined for each mission.

l Block definition: Depending on the size and nature of a mission area, you can split a mission

area into one or more blocks. In the office you can specify the wind and flight line direction. For

each block you can customize the GSD, height, and image overlap. In the field, you must

validate the block properties to take into account the actual wind direction and environment.

l Flight definition: In the office you can prepare one or more flights to cover the block(s) and

suggest the takeoff and landing locations. In the field you must validate the flight properties,

including the selected takeoff and landing locations. The flight checklist is completed to ensure

that the system is ready for the flight.

l Flight scheduling: Flight scheduling is completed outside of the Aerial Imaging software.

Checks for flight permissions, weather, and site suitability are completed and the flight is

scheduled. Before heading to the site, all equipment is checked for any damage from previous

flights and all batteries are fully charged.

l Flight operation: After launching the UX5 aerial imaging rover, the flight is monitored using the

ground controlstation. After the UX5 lands, the post-flight checklist is completed to transfer

the flight data to the Tablet.

l Analysis and export: The flight and captured images are analyzed to make sure they are

synchronized and the data is exported in the appropriate file format for image processing.

l Image processing: The data collected during the flight is processed using image processing

software such as Trimble Business Center software.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 17
1   Introduction

Software overview

l The Home screen

l The Projects screen

l Software tabs

l Title bar buttons

l Status icons

The Home screen

When you open the Aerial Imaging software, the Home screen appears.

The Home screen is shown below:

From this screen you can:

l Create a new project or import a project. Alternatively, browse to the Projects screen to view

available projects. See The Projects screen, page 19.

l Change system settings. See Changing the system settings, page 21.

l Access the Maintenance screen. SeePerforming maintenance, page 22

To return to the current job, click .

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 18
1   Introduction

The Projects screen

To view the Projects screen, click in the Home screen. Existing projects are displayed in the

thumbnail carousel on the left and in the list to the right.

To search for a project, enter the project name in the search bar above the list, or browse the

project thumbnails.

To view project details, click beside a project name in the list.

You must select a project before any of the following buttons except and are enabled:

Click... To... For more information, see...

Create a new project. Creating a project, page 25

Import a project .gwt file.

Note – Import is not backwards compatible

with previous versions of the Aerial Imaging

software.

Importing the project, page 63

Export the project .gwt file Exporting the project, page 43

Export project data as .jxl or .csv/.txt files for

processing.

Note – Export to .jxl or .csv/.txt is backwards

compatible with previous versions of the Aerial

Imaging software.

Exporting flight data for

processing, page 96

Copy the contents of the project. By default,

the check box to copy flights and flight data is

selected, but if you do not want to copy the

project contents, clear the check box.

Open the project. The Map layers screen

appears.

Creating the mission, page 27

Delete the project and associated flight data,

including images.

Note – This behavior differsfrom previous

versions of Aerial Imaging, where deleting a

project did not delete the images associated

with a project.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 19
1   Introduction

Software tabs

The Aerial Imaging software provides a tabular workflow. The tabs allow you to easily move between

the different levels of project information and phases of a project.

Most screens in the software provide access to the following tabs:

Tab icon Tab name Function

Map layers tab Add a map, and create a mission.

Blocks tab Add blocks to the mission, and set block

properties, such as the GSD and height

for the block.

Flights tab Add flights, and define flight properties,

such as the takeoff and landing

locations.

Flight checklist tab Complete the flight checklist.

Dashboard tab Monitor the UX5 during flight.

Post-flight checklist tab Transfer the flight data from the UX5 to

the Tablet.

Title bar buttons

The title bar of the software includes the following buttons:

Click... To...

Save the project.

View the Aerial Imaging Help and the software About dialog.

Close the software.

Return to the Projects screen.

Return to the Home screen.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 20
1   Introduction

Status icons

At the bottom of each screen, the footer shows the following information:

Icon Accompanying information Notes

GPS coordinates of the location of the

cursor on the map.

GPS coordinates of the location of the

GCS.

If the GCS has no GPS connection, this

icon is red and the text "not available" is

displayed.

GPS coordinates of the location of the

UX5.

If the UX5 has no GPS connection, this

icon is not displayed.

The battery level of the Tablet. If you are using the Aerial Imaging

Desktop software, this icon is not

displayed.

During flight, the following information is shown:

Icon Accompanying information

Ground speed.

Distance between the GCS and the aircraft, projected perpendicular onto the

GCS reference plane; azimuth from the GCS to the aircraft.

Number of flight lines flown versus total number of flight lines.

Changing the system settings

To change settings for the Aerial Imaging software, click the Settings button in the Home screen.

After configuring the settings, do one of the following:

l Click to accept the settings and then click to return to the Home screen.

l Click to discard the changes you have made to the settings and return to the Home screen.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 21
1   Introduction

General settings

Use the settings in the General group to specify:

l The language used for the Aerial Imaging software and help file.

l The source for online maps.

Note – Trimble does not guarantee the accuracy of any mapping data source. It is your responsibility

to double-check the precision of the coordinates.

l Preferred units for speed, distance, altitude, and area.

l Automatic generation of one flight.

Select the check box to enable "fast track", where a small mission area that can be covered by

one block will automatically create one flight to cover the block. Fast track enables you to

rapidly browse through the tabs. Experienced users may prefer to clear this check box and

create their own flights.

Network settings

Use the settings in the Network group to specify the proxy settings for the Internet connection.

Select the check box to enable proxy settings for the Internet connection and then enter the

settings to use. If you change these settings, you are prompted to restart the Aerial Imaging

software.

Note – You may need to configure the Internet proxy settings before you can view online maps. For the

correct settingsto use, consult your network administrator.

Autopilot settings

Use the settings in the Autopilot group to specify the communication timeout settings.

Enter a value between 20 seconds and 1800 seconds (30 minutes). The default value is 120 seconds

(2 minutes).

Note – The country you are operating in may have regulations prescribing the minimum communication

timeout setting that you must use. Make sure you are aware of these and that you use the regulated

minimum setting for your location.

Performing maintenance

To perform maintenance on the body of the UX5 or on the launcher, click in the Home screen to

view maintenance procedures. Alternatively, refer to the Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution

Maintenance Guide.

The following maintenance procedures are available:

l Replacing the drive unit

l Replacing a servo

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 22
1   Introduction

l Replacing a propeller blade

l Replacing the camera filter

l Replacing a winglet or winglet screw

l Checking the pitot tube

l Replacing the launcher cord

l Replacing the wheels of the launcher dock

Check the UX5 and the launcher after each flight to ensure the equipment is in good working order.

For more information, see Preparing Equipment, page 48.

Perform any maintenance required using the procedures above. If you note any issues not covered

by these procedures, contact your Trimble distributor.

In addition, the Maintenance screen allows you to check the firmware version of the eBox, and if

necessary update the firmware. For more information, see Updating the eBox firmware, page 16.

To exit the Maintenance screen and return to the Home screen, click in the title bar.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 23
Planning a Project

n Creating a project

n Preparing the project map

n Defining the blocks

n Obstacle clearances

n Defining the flights

n Exporting the project

n Checking flight permissions and

conditions

This chapter describes how to plan a project.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 24

C H A P T E R 2
2   Planning a Project

Creating a project

To create a new project, do one of the following:

l in the Home screen, click and enter the name of the new project in the pop-up field. The

Map layers screen for the new project appears.

l In the Projects screen, click and enter the name of the new project in the pop-up field. The

new project appears in the Projects list. Click to open the project. The Map layers screen

appears.

Note – Names of projects, mission areas, blocks, and flights can contain the following characters: A-Z, a-z,

0-9, dash (-),space ( ), and underscore (_).

Preparing the project map

A project must have at least one geo-referenced background map and one mission. Objects within a

geo-referenced map are associated with a unique geographical location.

To prepare the project map, select the Map layers tab. See:

l Adding a background map, page 25

l Creating the mission, page 27

l Adding information to the map, page 29

Adding a background map

You can use an online map, an offline map, or you can add your own geo-referenced map.

l To use an online map:

a. Make sure you have Internet access.

b. Click on the map and then enter the location of interest. The map shows the area

around the location using your preferred online map provider (see Changing the system

settings, page 21).

c. Zoom in or out, or pan until you view the preferred map area.

Note – The online map is always available as a layer and cannot be deleted. You can have only one

online map layer per project.

l To use an offline map, click and then click . Use the toolbar that appears on top of the

map to select the satellite map or road map for download. The current view of the online map,

including two extra zoom levels, is downloaded as an offline map. The largest area you can

download has zoom level 10, which corresponds to approximately 95 m per pixel (0.06 miles per

pixel).

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 25
2   Planning a Project

The offline map layer ensures you will be able to view the map background during the flight, if

you do not have an Internet connection in the field.

You can have multiple offline map layers in a project.

l To use your own map, add a GeoTiff file that you have prepared earlier using software such as

Trimble Business Center software.

The GeoTiff file must be georeferenced in the WGS84 UTM datum and be less than 120 MB in

size. It must use no compression or LWZ file compression only.

To generate a background map using the Trimble Business Center AP module, create an

orthomosaic selecting "Low" resolution and "TIFF" for the file format.

To add the GeoTiff file in Aerial Imaging, click . Navigate to the location of the file, select it,

and then click Open. The map shows the contents of the file you selected.

You can have multiple GeoTiff map layers in a project.

For more information on map layers, see Managing map layers, page 26.

Managing map layers

Click to toggle between the map view and the satellite view of the online map.

The "Online map" is the map's default layer. The online map is always the bottom layer and cannot

be moved up.

An offline or GeoTiff layer sits above the online map and below any other layer, such as mission,

avoidance zone, and KML file.

New layers appear above a selected layer. If nothing is selected, it becomes the top layer. Layers at

the top of the list appear as the top-most layers on the map.

To hide a layer, click next to the layer name.

To show a hidden layer, click next to the layer name.

To disable any manipulation of a layer, click next to the layer name.

To remove a layer that is no longer required, select the layer in the list and then click below the

list. You cannot delete the online map layer.

To rename a layer, select the layer in the list and then click the layer's name. You can now edit the

name. The online map cannot be renamed.

Use the and buttons to zoom in and zoom out of the map.

Click to display the map grid lines.

Use the button, to zoom the map and all of its layers to the best view.

If you are viewing the map on the Tablet and it has a GPS connection, the button is available. If

you pan around the map, click to center the map on the current GPS location.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 26
2   Planning a Project

During flight, the button is available. Click to center the map on the current UX5 location.

Creating the mission

A mission is the area to be flown over at a specified ground sample distance (GSD) and image

overlap.

1. To create the mission area:

a. Click and then click . A toolbar appears on top of the map, allowing you to add a

polygonal or rectangular area.

b. Click the appropriate shape on the toolbar and then draw the shape of the mission area on

the map:

l For a polygon, click the mouse at each boundary point.

l For a rectangle, click the mouse on the map. A standard-sized shape appears. The

location of the mouse click is the center of the shape.

To stop drawing and confirm the shape, click . The mission layer appears in the map

layers list to the right.

To clear the shape, click .

c. To edit the mission area, select the area on the map or in the map layers list and then click

.

l To resize or reshape the area, click and move the boundary points on the map.

l To reposition the area, click and move it on the map .

l To add or delete boundary points or to rotate the shape, use the toolbar that appears

on the map. To confirm your changes, click , or click to undo your changes.

Note – It is not possible to add or remove boundary pointsfor a rectangular area.

d. Repeat the steps above to add as many mission areas as required.

2. To edit the mission properties, click next to the mission name in the map layers list and then

do the following:

a. Select the type ofsensor that you will use to map the mission: Sony a5100 or Sony NEX-5

b. Set the ground sample distance (GSD). The default value is the GSD value obtained by

flying at a height of 100 m (328 ft). For more information, see GSD and height, page 28.

c. Enter the image forward ( ) and side overlap ( ). The default value is 80%. For more

information, see Image forward and side overlap, page 28.

The mission properties also show the size of the mission area.

Note – It is not possible to change the mission properties when a mission islocked.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 27
2   Planning a Project

Tip – To disable editing of the mission area or mission properties, click next to the mission

name.

GSD and height

The GSD (ground sample distance) field specifies the distance on the ground represented by each

pixel. The default resolution is 2.6 cm (1.0 ") when using the Sony a5100 sensor and 3.2 cm (1.3 ")

when using the Sony NEX-5 sensor.

The smaller the value in the GSD field, the more detailed the images. You should always specify a

value equal to or smaller than the resolution required in the final orthophotos, after the images are

processed. If the value in the GSD field is larger than the final resolution required, then the images

acquired during the flight will not be detailed enough and the image processing software will need to

interpolate additional pixels. This will result in images that do not have the expected resolution.

The GSD field and the height at which the UX5 aerial imaging rover flies are linked. The higher the

unmanned aircraft flies, the larger the distance on the ground represented by each pixel in the

images acquired during the flight:

Height GSD (Sony a5100) GSD (Sony NEX-5)

Minimum: 75 m (246 ft) 2.0 cm (0.8 ") 2.4 cm (0.9 ")

100 m (328 ft) 2.6 cm (1.0 ") 3.2 cm (1.3 ")

150 m (492 ft) 3.9 cm (1.5 ") 4.8 cm (1.9 ")

Maximum: 750 m (2460 ft) 19.6 cm (7.7 ") 23.9 cm (9.4 ")

You will first specify the GSD value for the mission when you create the mission area. This

determines the default height used for all blocks in that mission. For example, if you enter 4.8 cm in

the GSD field when using the Sony NEX-5 sensor, the unmanned aircraft will fly at 150 m (492 ft).

During block definition you can adjust the height for each block, taking into account the specific

obstacles in the block.

Image forward and side overlap

The default value of the overlap between images is 80%. Image overlap can range from 60% to 90%.

Note – Trimble does not recommend using an overlap of lessthan 80%, asit may prevent (large) parts of

the dataset being adjustable in the Trimble Business Center software due to the lack of tie points,

especially where the flight height waslow or where the area containstrees or other tall objects, or areas

that lack texture.

By default the forward ( ) and side overlap ( ) values are linked, so that when one value

changes, the other value changes accordingly. To "break" the link so that the overlap values can be

set independently, click . To re-establish the link, click .

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 28
2   Planning a Project

A higher overlap results in:

l better accuracy

l a higher density of flight lines on the area

l a higher number of images to process

l longer processing times for images

l longer flight duration for the same area

Select the overlap value for your mission based on the accuracy, flight duration, and the number of

images you require.

Adding information to the map

You can add the following types of information to the map:

l avoidance zones

l KML files containing lines, points, images, and polygons

l .csv files containing ground control points (GCPs)

1. To create an avoidance zone:

a. Click and then . A toolbar appears on top of the map, allowing you to add a

polygonal, rectangular, or ellipsoidal area.

b. Click the appropriate shape on the toolbar and then draw the shape of the avoidance zone

on the map:

l For a polygon, click the mouse at each boundary point.

l For a rectangle or ellipse, click the mouse on the map. A standard-sized shape

appears. The location of the mouse click is the center of the shape.

To stop drawing and confirm the shape, click . The avoidance zone appears in the list

to the right.

To clear the shape, click .

c. To edit the avoidance zone, select the zone on the map or in the map layers list and then

click .

l To resize or reshape the avoidance zone, click and move the boundary points on the

map.

l To reposition the avoidance zone, click and move it on the map.

l To add or delete the boundary points or to rotate the shape, use the toolbar that

appears on the map. To confirm your changes, click . To undo your changes, click

.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 29
2   Planning a Project

Note – It is not possible to add or remove boundary pointsfor a rectangular or ellipsoidal

zone.

Tip – To disable editing of the avoidance zone, click next to the avoidance zone name.

d. Repeat the steps above to add as many avoidance zones as required.

Note – The mission area and the +/- 200 m (+/- 656 ft) required for turnsshould not overlap any

avoidance zone on the map. If the mission area is orange, you must move the area out of the

avoidance zone.

2. Click to add the following types of files as layers:

l A KML file that you have previously downloaded from Google Maps.

l Ground control points (GCPs) contained in a .csv file.

The format for the .csv file is: Identifier, Latitude, Longitude, Altitude. The coordinates

must be in the WGS84 coordinate system and the altitude in meters. There should be no

header.

Defining the blocks

To define blocks, select the Blocks tab.

Note – You must validate in the field any blocks you have defined in the office.

Each mission area defined for a project is automatically covered by one block. The block appears in

the list to the right and as a yellow shape on the map. The map does not contain any blocks if you

have not yet defined a mission area in the Map layers tab.

When you select the block, the blue flight lines that appear over the block indicate the direction the

UX5 will fly across the block. The unmanned aircraft should always fly perpendicular to the prevailing

wind direction and all turns should be made into the wind. By default, the prevailing wind direction

is a northerly wind. North is located at the top of the map.

Define more blocks as required to:

l Cover the entire mission area. You will need to add more blocks if the estimated time for a

block exceeds 50 minutes. The flight time can be viewed in the block properties.

l Cover different parts of the mission at different heights to deal with differences in terrain.

l Easily repeat flights at different heights to obtain different results.

You can combine and split blocks as required to fly the mission area in the most efficient number of

flights.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 30
2   Planning a Project

The Blocks tab, for an example mission and block, is shown below:

To edit blocks:

Note – Blocks with the statusicon or have been flown and cannot be edited.

1. To update the prevailing wind direction to match the expected conditions in the field:

a. Tap the wind direction arrow in the top right corner of the map and drag it so that it

indicates the direction of the wind at the site. The flight lines rotate accordingly.

Note – To ensure smooth turns and limited headwind and tailwind during flight, it isimportant

to correctly indicate the prevailing wind direction. However, to disable the control of the flight

lines by wind direction, click next to the block name in the list. To manually adjust the

direction of the flight lines, tap the flight linesin the map and rotate asrequired. Alternatively,

enter the rotation angle of the flight linesin the field. Thisis useful when the mission/block

area is a narrow rectangle, in which case you should always put the flight lines along the longest

side of the rectangle, independent from the wind direction.

b. If the flight lines change to red, this indicates that one or more flight lines (including the

additional +/- 200 m (+/- 656 ft) required for turns) overlaps an avoidance zone. For more

information, see Creating the mission, page 27. Once you have edited the mission area,

the block and flight lines update automatically.

2. To view the properties of a block, click next to the block name. By default the block inherits

the properties of the mission. Ifrequired, edit the height (or GSD) and image overlap values for

the block, taking into account specific obstacles in the block. Images are not acquired until the

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 31
2   Planning a Project

unmanned aircraft climbs to the specified height.

The software estimates the total flight time needed to cover the block. The estimated flight

time does not include the time to get to and from the takeoff and landing locations.

The block properties also show the size of the block area and the mission to which the block

belongs.

3. If the estimated flight duration exceeds 50 minutes, a warning indication appears next to

the block name in the list. If the warning appears then you must split the block:

a. Select the block and then click . A toolbar appears on top of the map that allows you to

split the block.

b. Click . By default the block is divided through the center of the rectangular boundary

box surrounding the block area, perpendicular to the wind direction.

c. To change the cut, manipulate the boundary points of the dividing line.

d. Click to confirm splitting the block. The original block is divided in two and both blocks

appear in the list.

Note – Splitting blocks can cause existing blocksto be renumbered.

e. Repeat the steps above until the flight duration of all blocks is less than 50 minutes,

because you need to also consider the takeoff and landing time.

f. To undo a split, select one of the blocks that you want to combine and click . From the

toolbar that appears on the map, click and then select the other block to merge. You

can only merge adjacent blocks. Click to confirm the merge. The properties of the first

selected block are used for the merged block.

4. To use a left turn or a right turn to enter the block during flight, click or . This setting also

defines the first waypoint that the UX5 will fly to.

Managing blocks

To hide a block, click next to the block name.

To show a hidden block, click next to the block name.

To copy the default block of a mission, select the block in the list or on the map and then click

below the list. The new block has the size of the original mission area and the properties of the

selected block. Copying a block is useful if you need to scan the same mission area using different

GSD and overlap values.

To remove a block that is no longer required, select the block and then click . If the block was

created by splitting a block, all other blocks that were part of the splitting action are also removed. If

those blocks were the only blocks that covered the mission area, the software automatically creates

a new block, which has the size and properties of the mission.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 32
2   Planning a Project

To rename a block, select the block in the list and then click on the block's name. You can now edit

the name.

Note – Blocks with the statusicon or have been and cannot be renamed, changed, or removed.

However, you can copy the block and then edit the copy.

Obstacle clearances

When defining a flight, you must ensure that the selected takeoff and landing locations are clear of

obstacles. Obstacle clearances for each stage of the flight are shown below.

When you arrive at the site, visually check the takeoff and landing locations to ensure that the

selected locations are free of obstacles.

Obstacle clearances for takeoff

From 0 m (takeoff location) to 50 m: Within the first 50 m (164 ft), there must be a clear area free

of obstacles within 30° to the left and right of the launch direction.

From 50 m to 280 m: From the first 50 m (164 ft) and within 280 m (919 ft), obstacles must not

appear above the safety line determined by a 15° safety angle and within 25 m (82 ft) to the left and

right of the launch direction.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 33
2   Planning a Project

Obstacle clearances for cruise flight

During cruise flight, no obstacles must appear between the cruise flight height and 25 m (82 ft)

below it:

Obstacle clearances for descent

When entering the landing orbit, no obstacles must appear with a 300 m (984 ft) radius of the center

of the orbit. Once the UX5 has descended 25 m from the cruise flight height, the required obstaclefree area has a radius of 150 m (462 ft).

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 34
2   Planning a Project

Obstacle clearances for landing

Once you confirm the landing, the UX5 starts the final leg of the landing.

Along the final leg of the landing, there must be a clear area free of obstacles within 15 m to the left

and right of the landing direction.

In the final leg of the landing, no obstacles must appear in the yellow zone shown in the vertical

cross section of the landing. In addition, the landing location must be free of obstacles and meet the

minimum size indicated:

l Linear landing

l Curved landing

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 35
2   Planning a Project

During the final leg of the landing it is possible to click the Abort button (see Handling emergencies

during flight, page 82). To successfully abort the flight, extra clearances should be taken into

account:

l Linear landing abort clearance

l Curved landing abort clearance

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 36
2   Planning a Project

Defining the flights

To define flights, select the Flights tab.

Note – You must validate in the field any flights you have defined in the office.

The Flights tab, for an example flight where takeoff and landing are planned but not fixed, is shown

below:

If the auto-generate flight setting is enabled in the Settings screen, the software automatically

generates a flight including block 1 (the top-most block). A flight can cover more than one block, and

blocks can be linked to more than one flight. Depending on the number and size of the blocks you

have defined in the Blocks tab, you may need several flights to cover all the blocks defined for the

mission area(s). To add a flight, click . A new entry appears in the list.

A flight can have the following status:

l No icon: Not flown

l : Flown and settings frozen

l : Flown, log files downloaded and settings frozen

To copy a flight, select the flight in the list or on the map and then click below the list. Copying a

flight is useful if you want to repeat a flight and keep the data of both flights.

To remove a flight that is no longer required, select the flight and then click below the list.

Note – Thisremovesthe flight data stored on the Tablet for thisflight.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 37
2   Planning a Project

To rename a flight, select the flight in the list and then click the flight name. You can now edit the

name.

To define a flight, see:

l Setting the takeoff parameters, page 38

l Setting the landing properties, page 39

l Adding blocks to the flight, page 41

l Managing the routes between blocks, page 41

l Simulating the flight, page 42

Note – Flights with the statusicon or have been flown and cannot be renamed, changed, or

removed. However, you can copy the flight and then edit the copy.

Setting the takeoff parameters

1. To set the takeoff parameters, in the Flight tab click beside the flight and then click

beside Takeoff. A toolbar appears on top of the map.

2. To set the takeoff location, do one of the following:

l To add a new location without GPS: In the Aerial Imaging Desktop or Tablet software,

click and then click on the map to set the location. The takeoff pin appears on the map

with an arrow indicating the takeoff heading and shows the "Planned and not active"

status icon .

You can add as many takeoff locations as you want. Click to confirm the added

locations.

l To add a new location using GPS: In the Aerial Imaging Tablet software, physically go to

the takeoff location and then click . If the location you want to fix lies within 10 m of a

planned pin, the planned pin is fixed. Otherwise, a new pin with the fixed status is added to

the map. The takeoff pin appears on the map with an arrow indicating the takeoff heading

and shows the "Fixed and not active" status icon .

You can fix as many takeoff locations as you want.

l Click the takeoff pin on the map or use the drop-down menu in the Takeoff properties to

select any defined location. The takeoff pin status changes to "Active" or .

Note – Each takeoff location comes with default parameters(for example, the heading isset

into the wind direction). If you change the heading, the takeoff location is updated accordingly.

If you use thislocation in another flight, the heading isset to the value of the latest change in all

flights where the location is used.

3. To set the takeoff heading, click the arrow next to the takeoff pin and rotate to change the

takeoff direction and avoid any obstacles. For more information, see Obstacle clearances for

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 38
2   Planning a Project

takeoff, page 33. By default, the takeoff heading is set into the wind direction set in the Blocks

tab. Alternatively, enter the heading for the selected pin in the field.

Note – Alwaystry to takeoff into the wind. This prevents a higher launch speed and a higher risk of

launch failures.

4. When the flight has a block linked to it or when the landing has been defined, the takeoffroute

is displayed. To edit the takeoffroute, click and drag the waypoints on the map.

Tip – To use a left turn or a right turn to enter the block, click or in the block properties in the

Blocks tab. This setting also defines the first waypoint that the UX5 will fly to. The takeoff route is updated

to match the type of turn selected.

5. To delete a takeoff location, click in the toolbar on top of the map and then from the map

select the takeoff pin that you want to remove.

You can delete as many takeoff locations as you want. Click to confirm the deleted

locations.

Setting the landing properties

For additionalsafety, the Aerial Imaging software enables you to set alternative landing

parameters. These alternative landing locations are useful if:

l The preferred landing location is suddenly unavailable due to a sudden obstacle in the landing

clearance zone.

l The wind direction changes during the flight and the alternative landing location is better suited

to the new conditions.

To set landing properties:

1. In the Flight tab click beside the flight and then click beside Landing. A toolbar appears

on top of the map.

2. To set the landing location, do one of the following:

l To add a new location without GPS: In the Aerial Imaging Desktop or Tablet software,

click and then click on the map to set the location. The landing pin appears on the map

with an arrow indicating the landing heading and shows the "Planned and not active"

status icon .

You can add as many landing locations as you want. Click to confirm the added

locations.

l To add a new location using GPS: In the Aerial Imaging Tablet software, physically go to

the landing location and then click . If the location you want to fix lies within 10 m of a

planned pin, the planned pin is fixed. Otherwise, a new pin with the fixed status is added to

the map. A landing pin with fixed status has an arrow indicating the landing heading and

shows the "Fixed and not active" status icon .

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 39
2   Planning a Project

You can fix as many landing locations as you want.

l Click the landing pin on the map or use the drop-down menu in the Landing properties to

select any defined location. The landing pin status changes to "Active" or .

Note – Each landing location comes with default parameters(for example, the heading isset

into the wind direction). If you change the heading, the landing location is updated accordingly.

If you use thislocation in another flight, the heading isset to the value of the latest change in all

flights where the location is used.

3. To set the landing heading, tap the arrow next to the landing pin and rotate to change the

landing direction and avoid any obstacles. For more information, see Obstacle clearances for

landing, page 35.

Alternatively, enter the heading for the selected pin in the field.

By default, the landing heading is set into the wind direction set in the Blocks tab. To help you

define the landing heading in the field, zoom in on the map to the most detailed zoom level and

then walk into the heading with the GCS for about 20 to 30 meters. You willsee the GCS

location move on the screen. Now rotate the arrow and position the final leg of the landing

circuit over the center of the GCS icon on the map.

Note – Alwaystry to land into the wind. This prevents a higher landing speed and a higher risk of

damage to the UX5.

4. Set the landing zone offset.

Valid values are from -25 m to +25 m (-82 ft to +82ft). A negative value means that the landing

location is lower than the takeoff location. The default value is 0 m, which means that the

takeoff and landing locations are at the same height.

5. Set the landing type to use a linear or curved landing, depending on the landing surface and

available clearances.

l The linear landing type requires less clearance and lands the UX5 on the ground more

quickly, but has a larger impact on the aircraft.

l The curved landing type requires larger clearances but reduces the impact on the aircraft

when it lands, and is especially suited for hard landing surfaces.

For more information, see Obstacle clearances for landing, page 35.

6. When the flight has a block linked to it, the landing route is displayed:

a. Set the landing entry to use a left or right turn, depending on which turning direction

provides better visibility and is furthest away from any obstacles (see Obstacle clearances

for landing, page 35).

b. To edit the landing route, click and drag the waypoints on the map.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 40
2   Planning a Project

7. To delete a landing location, click in the toolbar on top of the map and then from the map

select the landing pin that you want to remove.

You can delete as many landing locations as you want. Click to confirm the deleted

locations.

8. To set alternative landing parameters, repeat the steps above.

Note – To use a specific landing for the flight, make sure that the landing isselected in the dropdown menu.

Adding blocks to the flight

1. To add blocks, in the Flight tab click beside the flight and then click beside Select blocks.

All blocks defined in the project appear on the map and in the list to the right. Only the blocks

that if added will keep the flight time less than 50 minutes can be selected. For each block the

status is indicated on the map:

l No icon: Not scheduled

l Scheduled

l Flown

l Flown and log files downloaded

2. From the map or the list, select one or more blocks to link to the flight.

Note – The order that you select the blocksfrom the list definesthe sequence that the blocks are

flown, I.e. the first block selected isflown first, and so on.

The selected blocks are highlighted, and the flight lines and connection routes appear on the

map.

Tip – To remove blocks from a flight, unselect the block in the list or the map.

3. Click to confirm the selection.

The selected blocks appear in the list to the right between Takeoff and Landing, together with

the default connection types.

Note – A block can be linked to more than one flight.

Managing the routes between blocks

If a flight will cover more than one block, the software automatically connects the last waypoint of

one block with the first waypoint of the next block. By default the connection is a straight line and is

displayed between the blocks in the flight properties in the Flights tab.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 41
2   Planning a Project

To change the connection type between blocks, click to the right of the connection type list entry

and then:

Click... For the UX5 to...

Fly straight to the first waypoint of the following block. If it did not yet reach the

height of this waypoint, it orbits up in 200 m diameter circles until it reaches the

height.

Orbit up in 200 m diameter circles until it reaches the height of the following block and

then fly straight to the first waypoint of the following block. This works if the height of

the next block is higher than the previous block.

Fly to the following block keeping the same height of the last waypoint of the previous

block and then orbit up in 200 m diameter circles until it reaches the first waypoint of

the block. This works if the height of the next block is higher than the previous block.

Fly straight to the first waypoint of the following block. If it did not yet reach the

height of this waypoint, it orbits down in 200 m diameter circles until it reaches the

height.

Fly to the following block keeping the same height of the last waypoint of the previous

block and then orbit down in 200 m diameter circles until it reaches the first waypoint

of that block. This works if the height of the next block is lower than the previous

block.

Orbit down in 200 m diameter circles until it reaches the height of the next block and

then fly straight to the first waypoint of that block. This works if the height of the next

block is lower than the previous block.

To edit the straight line between blocks, click and drag the waypoints on the map.

Note – The connection type cannot be changed if sequential blocks have the same height.

Simulating the flight

After creating a flight, click to simulate the flight to check the following items:

l The UX5 uses the correct takeoff direction.

l The flight height, route, and turns used are all correct.

l The UX5 does not enter any avoidance zones.

l The UX5 uses the correct landing circuit.

Note – Be aware that the simulation is an estimate of the flight path. Thisis because the simulation

cannot take into account the environmental factors,such as wind, during the actual flight.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 42
2   Planning a Project

Tip – The button is not available until you have exited the flight properties. To do this, click the arrow to

collapse the flight.

Exporting to KML

The flight simulation can be exported to a KML file and viewed in software such as Google Earth.

1. In the Flights screen, select the flight for which you want to export the simulation.

2. Click .

A message shows that the KML file is being generated. When the process is complete, the

Export wizard appears.

3. Navigate to the folder where you want to save the flight simulation, enter the file name and

then click Save.

You can now open the KML file in software such as Google Earth to view the flight simulation in

3D.

Exporting the project

Note – Thisstep isrequired if you did the project planning in the Aerial Imaging Desktop software. You

must complete thisstep so that you can import the project into the Aerial Imaging software on the Tablet.

1. In the Projects screen, select the project to export.

2. Click . The Export wizard appears.

3. Select the GWT output format. Click Next.

4. Navigate to the folder where you want to save the project, enter the file name and then click

Save.

The exported project is saved as a .gwt file in the folder you selected.

5. Click Finish to close the Export wizard.

6. If the folder you exported the mission to is not a network folder that the Tablet can access,

transfer the exported mission to a USB stick and then transfer it to the Tablet.

7. To import the mission to the Aerial Imaging software on the Tablet, see Importing the project,

page 63.

Checking flight permissions and conditions

In the days before the flight, complete the following checks to make sure the flight can proceed.

Note – The use of unmanned aircraft in any national airspace system isregulated by the applicable

National Aviation Authority. The regulationsfor flying unmanned aircraft are subject to change,

sometimes without warning. It isthe user’sresponsibility to know and adhere to the current lawsfor

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 43
2   Planning a Project

operating in the national airspace system. Trimble is not obliged to inform users of changesto unmanned

aircraft laws.

Trimble and Authorized Distribution Partners provide comprehensive training for the unmanned

aircraft system which includes recommended procedures to ensure the safety for the remote crew

members as well as the surrounding environment. It is the user’s responsibility to ensure safe

operations and adhere to safety and security measures required by the National Aviation

Authority. Trimble is not responsible for ensuring safe and secure operation of unmanned aircraft

by the user.

Checking flight permission

l Check if you need a permit to operate an unmanned aircraft in the airspace above the site.

l Make sure you understand the legal context for safe operation of an unmanned aircraft.

l Check for existing rules and standards with your local Civil Aviation Authorities (CAA).

l Make sure you have permission from the landowner.

l Make sure you have all other relevant permissions required for photography flights using

unmanned aircraft. In some countries you need permission from defense organizations, the

police, or a national geography institute to take pictures.

Checking weather

l In the days before the flight, check the TV weather broadcast or weather websites. This gives

you a good general idea of the weather for the next three to four days.

l For more accurate weather forecasts, consult and interpret aviation weather data through

various weather websites. You can also contact the national meteorological office or a local

meteorology office at an airport nearby.

l On the day of the flight, consult the Terminal Aerodrome Forecast (TAF) and METAR reports.

These are meteorological reports used in aviation.

l Make sure the weather conditions are within the operating and image acquisition limitations.

See Operation limitations, page 45 and Image acquisition limitations, page 46.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 44
2   Planning a Project

The table below shows the wind speed expressed in different units:

Bft km/h m/s kn SM

1 1-5 0.3-1.5 1-3 1-3

2 6-11 1.6-3.3 4-6 4-7

3 12-19 3.4-5.4 7-10 8-12

4 20-28 5.5-7.9 11-16 13-18

5 29-38 8.0-10.7 17-21 19-24

6 39-49 10.8-13.8 22-27 25-31

7 50-61 13.9-17.1 28-33 32-38

Operation limitations

The UX5 aerial imaging rover cannot safely fly in all weather conditions. The following table shows

the acceptable range for different conditions.

Note – Your country of operation may have different or additional operational requirements. Make sure

you are familiar with the appropriate regulationsfor the country you are operating in. If you are flying in

the United Statessee also FAA conditions and limitations of operation, page 132. If you are flying in

France,see also French airspace requirements.

CAUTION – If any condition does not meet the acceptable range stated, the pilot should abort the mission. Flying

outside the acceptable range of conditions will void your Trimble warranty.

Condition Acceptable range

Time Between sunrise and sunset

Distance from clouds Clear of clouds and always within line ofsight

Flight visibility 5000 m (16,400 ft)

Operator-UAS visibility Visual line ofsight

Weather limitations Light rain is acceptable. Avoid hail, snow, and heavy

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 45
2   Planning a Project

Condition Acceptable range

showers

Head wind Maximum 65 kph (40 mph)

Cross wind Maximum 65 kph (40 mph)

Gusts Maximum 15 kph (9 mph)

Turbulence Avoid turbulence at all times

Temperature -25 °C to +55 °C (-13 °F to 131 °F) (excluding launcher)

Maximum launch altitude (AMSL) 4250 m (13,493 ft)

Maximum operational ceiling (AMSL) Tested at 5000 m (16,400 ft)

Endurance 50 mins

Image acquisition limitations

Although the UX5 aerial imaging rover itself can cope with heavy weather conditions, the main issue

besides safety is the quality of the pictures acquired during the flight. The following table shows the

maximum values for different weather conditions.

CAUTION – If any condition does not meet the acceptable maximum value stated, the pilot should abort the

mission. Trimble does not guarantee good picture quality when flying in conditions beyond these limits.

Condition Acceptable maximum

Precipitation Light rain

Wind 50 kph (31 mph)

Checking the site

Note – When checking the site you should refer to the relevant AIP and NOTAM documentsfor your

region.

l Identify the airspace and geographic environment of the site.

l Check the relevant aviation charts and make sure the flight area is not near any of the following

areas:

l Forbidden airspace

l Airports, airfields (except with prior permission)

l Power plants (except with prior permission)

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 46
2   Planning a Project

l Check the relevant aviation charts and take special care around:

l Parachute and parasailing jumping areas

l Winch areas

l High-pressure gas-releasing units (documented in AIPs or NOTAMs)

l Congested areas (for example, towns)

l Check if there are other aerial or ground activities planned, for example major public events.

Checking the pilot

l Make sure the pilot is certified to operate the UX5.

l Check if the pilot needs any additional permits, such as a remote pilot license, a radio certificate

for use of the 2-way radio for communication with air traffic control, and so on.

l Be aware that the pilot has final responsibility for the operation of the UX5 and its components.

l Make sure the pilot is in good condition, both physical and mental.

l Keep log files of the pilot hours and equipment used for each flight.

Know your safe operating envelope

l Trimble recommends having a crew of two people that will control the UX5: the pilot and the

observer. They must be able to communicate at all times. Check your CAA regulations to see if a

two-person crew is mandatory.

l Make sure the crew understands the purpose and the phases of this particular mission.

l Make sure the crew understands all aspects ofsafe operation of the UX5. This includes:

l Understanding allsafety precautions described in the Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Rover

Safety Guide.

l Understanding how to handle emergencies during flight. See Handling emergencies during

flight, page 82.

l Understanding the particular requirements of the project and site, including avoidance

zones.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 47
Preparing Equipment

n Checking the launcher

n Checking the UX5 aerial imaging rover

n Charging the UX5 batteries

n Charging the Tablet batteries

n Charging the camera batteries

n Checking the camera

n Pairing the transmitter with the

tracking receiver

n Locating your equipment

As part of your flight preparation, make sure all

equipment is in good condition and

well-prepared.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 48

C H A P T E R 3
3   Preparing Equipment

Checking the launcher

1. Make sure the launch slider is in good condition, and the launch dock moves freely along the

slider. If the slider is damaged, contact your Trimble distributor.

2. Check the launcher cord is not worn, and make sure there is enough elastic in the cord when it

is stretched tight. If the cord must be replaced, click in the Home screen, select Launcher in

the list to the right and then select Replacing the launcher cord or refer to the Trimble UX5

Aerial Imaging Solution Maintenance Guide.

3. Make sure the launch dock is in good condition. If it is damaged, contact your Trimble

distributor.

4. Make sure the launch dock wheels are in good condition and move freely. If they are worn and

must be replaced, click in the Home screen, select Launcher in the list to the right and then

select Replacing the wheels of the launcher dock or refer to the Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging

Solution Maintenance Guide.

Checking the UX5 aerial imaging rover

Thoroughly check the UX5 before each flight to make sure that it is undamaged from any previous

flight. Refer to the following sections:

l Check the body, page 49

l Check the pitot tube, page 50

l Check the winglets, page 51

l Check the propellers, page 51

l Check the drive unit, page 51

l Check the servos, page 51

Check the body

The body of the UX5 must be clean for flight. Dirt and gravel on the body decreases the lift and

increases the drag during flight.

1. Clean the body with a damp cloth.

CAUTION – Do not use high water pressure or a steel brush to clean the body of the rover. This can damage

the surface of the UX5 and affect the aerodynamics of the aircraft. Avoid the use of solvents to clean the

surface of the UX5 as they can negatively affect the materials. Always use lukewarm water and a soft

brush.

2. Check the body for cracks. If the body requires repair, contact your Trimble distributor.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 49
3   Preparing Equipment

3. Make sure there are no scratches on the camera filter. If the camera filter is damaged, click

in the Home screen, select UX5 in the list and then select Replacing the camera filter or refer to

the Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution Maintenance Guide.

4. Make sure that the camera filter is tightly screwed into the body. If not, gently tighten it, taking

care not to over-tighten it.

5. Using first the wet camera wipes and then the dry camera wipes, thoroughly clean the camera

filter. Make sure there are no specks of moisture or dust, as these will affect the image quality.

Note – Only use wipesthat are specifically intended for cleaning camera lenses.

Check the pitot tube

The pitot tube must be in perfect condition as it is used to measure the total air pressure during

flight.

1. Remove the pitot tube from the eBox.

2. Make sure the tube is not bent or broken.

3. Blow into the tube to make sure nothing is blocking it.

CAUTION – Only blow into the pitot tube after you have removed it from the eBox. Do not blow into the

pitot tube when it is connected to the eBox because this will damage the barometric sensors.

4. If the pitot tube is blocked or damaged, click in the Home screen, select UX5 in the list to

the right and then select Checking the pitot tube or refer to the Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging

Solution Maintenance Guide. When in doubt, contact your Trimble distributor.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 50
3   Preparing Equipment

Check the winglets

To prevent rollstability issues, the winglets must be firmly attached to the UX5 body.

1. Make sure the winglets are intact.

2. Make sure each winglet is firmly attached with two screws.

3. If the winglets are damaged or not firmly attached, click in the Home screen, select UX5 in

the list to the right and then select Replacing a winglet or refer to the Trimble UX5 Aerial

Imaging Solution Maintenance Guide. When in doubt, contact your Trimble distributor.

Check the propellers

1. Make sure the propeller blades are intact.

2. Make sure the propeller blades are well-positioned.

3. Make sure each propeller blade is firmly attached.

4. If a propeller blade is damaged or not well-positioned, click in the Home screen, select UX5

in the list to the right and then select Replacing a propeller blade or refer to the Trimble UX5

Aerial Imaging Solution Maintenance Guide. When in doubt, contact your Trimble distributor.

Check the drive unit

Make sure the drive unit is:

l intact

l firmly attached

If the drive unit is damaged or not firmly attached, click in the Home screen, select UX5 in the list

to the right and then select Replacing the drive unit or refer to the Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging

Solution Maintenance Guide. When in doubt, contact your Trimble distributor.

Check the servos

The servos must be in perfect condition as they steer the UAS. When checking the servos, make

sure that the servos:

l respond as expected

l are intact

l are firmly attached and flush with the surface of the wing

If a servo is damaged, click in the Home screen, select UX5 in the list to the right and then select

Replacing a servo or refer to the Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution Maintenance Guide. When in

doubt, contact your Trimble distributor.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 51
3   Preparing Equipment

Charging the UX5 batteries

WARNING – Lithium polymer batteries are volatile. Failure to read and follow these instructions may result in

fire, personal injury, and damage to property if charged or used incorrectly.

To prevent injury or damage:

– Use only the charger specified to charge the battery.

– If at any time you witness a battery starting to balloon or swell up, discontinue the charging process

immediately. Disconnect the battery and place it in a safe observation area for approximately 15 minutes.

Continuing to charge a battery that has begun to swell will result in fire.

– Charge in an isolated area, away from flammable materials.

– Never leave charging batteries unattended. When charging the batteries you should always remain in constant

observation to monitor the charging process and react to potential problems that may occur.

WARNING – Always check that the settings on the charger are correct before charging the battery. Incorrect

charger settings may result in damage to the battery, severe burning, and fire hazards.

Note – Before using the charger for the first time, carefully read the user documentation for the battery

charger and read all of the information provided in the Battery safety section of this user guide (see UX5

battery safety, page 121).

Removing the battery

1. Remove the top cover from the UX5 body.

2. Disconnect the main power connector of the battery from the aircraft:

3. Loosen the Velcro straps and remove the battery from the battery compartment of the UX5.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 52
3   Preparing Equipment

Connecting and charging the battery

1. Connect the Graupner Ultramat 14 plus charger to one of the following:

l 12 V vehicle battery

l 100–240 VAC power supply

The charger powers on and displays the following parameters for the UX5 battery:

l LiPo manual

l C:5.0A 6000mAh

Note – If the charger does not display the default parameters, you must change the settings. For

more information,see Battery charger settings, page 121.

WARNING – The maximum charging current for the UX5 battery is limited to 5 A. This value must be lower

than the maximum permissible current (6 A) for the battery. Incorrect battery charging parameters can

destroy your battery and cause it to catch fire or explode.

2. Connect the charge cable to the charger:

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 53
3   Preparing Equipment

3. Connect the balancer connector of the battery to the charger. Align the connector to the right

of the socket:

4. Connect the charger cable of the charger to the power connector on the battery:

5. On the charger, press and hold the Enter/Start key for two seconds. The battery starts

charging.

When a battery is fully charged, the charger produces an audible signal and stops charging

automatically. The charger displays "END". At typical room temperature it takes approximately

2 hours to charge a fully depleted battery. Charging time will vary depending on remaining

battery life and ambient temperature.

Note – Make sure you charge both UX5 batteries before leaving the office for a flight. Trimble

recommends always having a spare, fully-charged battery on hand.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 54
3   Preparing Equipment

Disconnecting the battery

1. On the charger, press the Enter/Start key to put the charger in standby mode.

2. Disconnect the charger cable of the charger from the power connector on the battery.

3. Disconnect the balancer connector of the battery from the charger.

Charging the Tablet batteries

Install the Tablet battery packs and charge the batteries according to the instructions provided in

the Trimble Tablet Rugged PC User's Manual.

Note – Make sure you fully charge the Tablet batteries before leaving the office for a flight.

Charging the camera batteries

Install the camera battery and charge the batteries according to the instructions provided in the

user documentation for the camera.

Note – Make sure you charge both camera batteries before leaving the office for a flight. Trimble

recommends always having a spare, fully-charged battery on hand.

Checking the camera

1. Make sure there are no scratches on the camera lens. If the camera lens is damaged, contact

your Trimble distributor.

2. Your camera arrives with the appropriate settings required to obtain good aerial images set by

Trimble. However, before each flight, check the camera screen to make sure it displays the

following icons.

For more information, refer to the section for your camera below:

l Checking the Sony a5100 camera display, page 56

l Checking the Sony NEX-5 camera display, page 58

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 55
3   Preparing Equipment

Checking the Sony a5100 camera display

Note – The following image showsthe main iconsto check on the camera screen to ensure that your

camera settings are correct and you will successfully capture images during the flight. If any of these icons

are not shown, or if you believe other camera settings have been changed, adjust the settings back to the

settingsrecommended by Trimble. For a list of all applicable camera settings,see Sony a5100 camera

settings, page 110.

Icon Description

and Shoot mode is set to shutter priority.

SD card is inserted.

Aspect ratio is set to 3:2; image size is set to 24M; image

quality is set to Fine (all are default settings).

Recording mode of movies is set to 50i FH.

Steady shot is set to Off.

Battery icon shows 100%.

Drive mode is set to Single Shooting.

Metering mode is set to Multi (the default).

Focus area is set to Center.

Focus mode is set to Manual.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 56
3   Preparing Equipment

Icon Description

Face detection is set to Off.

White balance is set to AWB (the default).

For the NIR camera, use custom brightness/color

settings. See Setting brightness/color settings for the

NIR camera, page 57.

Soft skin detection is set to Off (the default).

Brightness correction is set to automatic (the default).

Creative style is set to Standard (the default).

Picture effect is set to Off (the default).

Shutter speed is set to 1/1000 or above.

± 0.0

When using the NIR camera, exposure compensation is

set to:

+ 1.0 for the UV HAZE (orange) filter

+ 2.0 for the NIR (black) filter

ISO is set to Auto (the default).

Setting brightness/color settings for the NIR camera

To obtain best results from the camera and selected filter, Trimble recommends setting the

brightness/color settings as follows:

1. On the camera, select Menu / / 5 / White Balance. Press the central button of the control

wheel and then select Custom Setup. Press the central button of the control wheel to confirm.

2. Outdoors, in normal daylight conditions, hold the filter you will use in front of the lens, while

aiming the central circle of the lens at a (nearly) white surface, such as a wall or blank piece of

paper.

3. Press the central button of the control wheel.

4. The color infra-red (CIR) display on the camera appears. When using the:

l UV haze (orange) filter: vegetation appears blue and the sky appears brown.

l NIR-only (black) filter: vegetation appears white or slightly blue-grey and everything else

appears grey to black.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 57
3   Preparing Equipment

Checking the Sony NEX-5 camera display

Note – The following image showsthe main iconsto check on the camera screen to ensure that your

camera settings are correct and you will successfully capture images during the flight. If any of these icons

are not shown, or if you believe other camera settings have been changed, adjust the settings back to the

settingsrecommended by Trimble. For a list of all applicable camera settings,see Sony NEX-5 camera

settings, page 115.

Icon Description

and Shoot mode is set to shutter priority.

SD card is inserted.

Aspect ratio is set to 3:2; image size is set to 16M; image

quality is set to Fine (all are default settings).

Recording mode of movies is set to 25p 17m FH.

Steady shot is set to Off.

Battery icon shows 100%.

Touch operation is set to Off.

Drive mode icon is shown. The drive mode is set to use

the Wireless Remote Commander.

Metering mode is set to Multi (the default).

Focus mode is set to Manual.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 58
3   Preparing Equipment

Icon Description

Face detection is set to Off.

White balance is set to AWB (the default).

For the NIR camera, use custom brightness/color

settings. See Setting brightness/color settings for the

NIR camera, page 59.

Soft skin detection is set to Off (the default).

Brightness correction is set to automatic (the default).

Creative style is set to Standard (the default).

Auto portrait framing is set to Off.

Smile detection is set to Off (the default).

Picture effect is set to Off (the default).

Shutter speed is set to 1/1000 or above.

± 0.0

When using the NIR camera, exposure compensation is

set to:

+ 1.0 for the UV HAZE (orange) filter

+ 2.0 for the NIR (black) filter

ISO is set to Auto (the default).

Setting brightness/color settings for the NIR camera

To obtain best results from the camera and selected filter, Trimble recommends setting the

brightness/color settings as follows:

1. On the camera, select Menu / Brightness/Color / White Balance and then select Custom Setup.

Press the central button to confirm.

2. Outdoors, in normal daylight conditions, hold the filter you will use in front of the lens, while

aiming the central circle of the lens at a (nearly) white surface, such as a wall or blank piece of

paper.

3. Press the shutter button.

4. The color infra-red (CIR) display on the camera appears. When using the:

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 59
3   Preparing Equipment

l UV haze (orange) filter: vegetation appears blue and the sky appears brown.

l NIR-only (black) filter: vegetation appears white or slightly blue-grey and everything else

appears grey to black.

Pairing the transmitter with the tracking receiver

Note – You must complete thisstep only once, before using the UX5 aerial imaging rover for the first

time.

To track down the UX5 aerial imaging rover fitted with a transmitter, the transmitter ID must first be

stored in the memory of the receiver.

1. Press and hold the Power key for three seconds to turn on the receiver.

2. Press the MENU/OK key to enter the menu.

3. Use the navigation keys to select TRANSMITTER. Press the MENU/OK key to confirm.

4. Use the navigation keys to select ADD. Press the MENU/OK key to confirm.

5. Use the navigation keys to enter the missing digits of the frequency of the transmitter. Confirm

each digit using the MENU/OK key.

6. Follow the steps on the screen of the receiver to calibrate the transmitter.

7. Once the calibration is done, you are prompted to enter a name for the transmitter.

8. Use the navigation keys to enter the name you want to use for the transmitter. Confirm each

letter using the MENU/OK key.

The receiver is now able to communicate with the transmitter.

Locating your equipment

Before you head out to the field:

1. Make sure the flight case contains all of the required items. For more information, see Flight

case contents, page 11.

2. If you will be doing several flights before returning to the office, make sure you have one of the

following:

l an externalstorage device such as a laptop for transferring images to after each flight

l a USB to SD card reader for transferring images to the Tablet after each flight

l an SD card for each flight

Note – Trimble recommends using a San Disk Extreme SDHC UHS-I card with a minimum write

speed of 45 MB/s and a minimum capacity of 16 GB for the Sony Nex-5 and 32 GB for the Sony

a5200.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 60
3   Preparing Equipment

3. Make sure the launcher bag contains the

following items:

l safety pin

l launch dock with lock pin

l V-support

l crank

l launch slide with elastics

l Trimble UX5 Launcher Quick Start

Guide

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 61
Completing a Flight

n Importing the project

n Validating the blocks

n Validating the flights

n Dealing with sudden weather changes

n Completing the flight checklist

n Monitoring the flight

n Landing the UX5 

n Completing the post-flight checklist

n Disassembling the launcher

This chapter describes the tasks required in the

field to complete a successful flight with good

image data.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 62

C H A P T E R 4
4   Completing a Flight

Importing the project

Note – Thisstep isrequired if you did the project planning in the Aerial Imaging Desktop software and

then exported the project so that you can view it on the Tablet.

1. In the Home screen or the Projects screen, tap .

2. Navigate to the location of the .gwt file you exported from the Aerial Imaging Desktop software

(see Exporting the project, page 43), select it and then tap Open.

The project you imported is listed in the Projects screen and the project thumbnail appears.

3. Select the project and then click to open the project and view the Map layers screen.

Validating the blocks

Tap the Blocks tab and make any changes to the blocks, ifrequired. Pay special attention to the

actual wind direction, which will influence the wind direction you have set in the software and

possibly the flight time. For more information, see Defining the blocks, page 30.

Note – To change the mission area, tap the Map layerstab and edit the appropriate area. For more

information,see Creating the mission, page 27. When you edit the mission area, the block(s)

automatically adjust to the new area shape.

Validating the flights

1. When you arrive on-site, examine the flight area to:

l Check for obstacles in the flight area. Obstacles are objects such as trees, buildings,

antennas, power lines, and water that the UX5 could fly into or land on.

l Make sure you will be able to maintain a visual line ofsight to the UX5 throughout the

flight.

l Identify a good takeoff and landing location.

l Check the landing surface and obstacle clearances to make sure the most suitable landing

type is selected.

For more information, see Obstacle clearances, page 33.

Repeat for each location that you consider as an alternative landing location.

Note – If you choose to check alternative landing locations during flight, be aware that thistakes

more time and keeps your attention from the flight.

2. Tap the Flight tab and make any changes to the flights, ifrequired. For more information, see

Defining the flights, page 37.

3. Make sure that the selected takeoff and landing locations are fixed to GPS. To fix the location,

physically go to the location, tap beside Takeoff or Landing and then click in the toolbar.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 63
4   Completing a Flight

Repeat for each landing location that you consider as an alternative location.

Note – If you choose to check alternative landing locations during flight, be aware that thistakes

more time and keeps your attention from the flight.

4. In the Flights screen, select the flight you will complete and then tap the Flight checklist tab.

Dealing with sudden weather changes

On the day of the flight, check that the current weather conditions are suitable for flight. Pay

particular attention to the prevailing wind direction and speed.

If there are sudden weather changes before or during the flight, you must act quickly. Different

weather changes and the recommended action are described below.

Weather change Action

The wind direction changes before the flight. If possible, change the wind direction in the

Blocks tab to align the flight lines perpendicular

to the wind direction.

Reposition the launcher and then update the

takeoff and landing heading in the flight plan.

The wind direction changes during the flight. Change the landing heading in flight or select an

alternative landing location, if it is more suited.

See Changing the landing parameters during

flight, page 81.

One of the following weather phenomena

occurs before or during the flight:

l Strong wind

l Heavy rain, hail

l Hurricane, tornado, or any kind of

whirlwind

l Thunder and lightening

l Snow

Cancel the flight. If the UX5 is in the air, land as

quickly as possible.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 64
4   Completing a Flight

Completing the flight checklist

The flight checklist starts with an overview of the flight that you have selected and will execute.

Use each step of the flight checklist to prepare the equipment for flight. The flight checklist guides

you through each step.

Note – More information about the stepsthat require special care is given in the following sections. Read

these sections carefully until you are familiar with all of the tasksrequired to perform these steps.

l Connecting the GCS, page 65

l Connecting the battery, page 66

l Preparing the camera, page 66

l Inserting the tracker transmitter, page 68

l Attaching the top cover, page 69

l Covering the pitot tube, page 69

l Checking the elevon trim, page 69

l Checking the elevon response, page 69

l Assembling the launcher, page 69

l Placing the UX5 onto the launcher, page 74

l Transmitting the flight plan, page 74

l Initializing, page 75

l Removing the pitot cover, page 75

l Checking the airspeed response, page 75

l Positioning the propellers, page 75

l Tightening the launcher cord elastics, page 75

l Verifying the position of the aircraft on the launcher, page 76

l Removing the safety pin, page 76

l Arming the system, page 77

l Launching the UX5, page 78

Connecting the GCS

If you have not yet connected the GCS:

1. Attach the antenna to the modem.

2. Attach the modem and antenna to the back of the Tablet, under the handstrap.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 65
4   Completing a Flight

3. Insert the modem cable into the USB port on the Tablet.

4. Tap to prompt the software to check if the modem is connected.

When the connection to the modem is established, the software automatically moves to the next

step in the flight checklist.

Connecting the battery

If you have not yet connected the battery:

1. Insert a fully charged battery into the battery compartment of the unmanned aircraft. Secure

the battery using the Velcro straps.

2. Connect the main power connector on the battery to the power connector in the aircraft. Once

the battery is connected, the eBox goes from Off mode to On mode (see eBox LED status, page

106).

When the eBox starts booting up, the button is enabled.

Note – If after thisstep you are prompted to update the eBox firmware,see Updating the eBox

firmware, page 16.

Preparing the camera

1. Using first the wet camera wipes and then the dry camera wipes, thoroughly clean the camera

lens. Make sure there are no specks of moisture or dust, as these will affect the image quality.

Note – Only use wipesthat are specifically intended for cleaning camera lenses.

2. Make sure the camera filter in the UX5 body is also clean and that the camera filter is tightly

screwed into the body. If not, gently tighten it, taking care not to over-tighten it.

3. Insert an empty SD card into the camera.

4. Turn on the camera and check the camera screen to make sure it displays the icons described in

Checking the camera, page 55.

5. Make sure the lens settings are appropriate for the weather conditions:

Weather

ISO Auto Auto Auto

Aperture

ring

f/4.5 f/4.5 f/4.5

Shutter

speed

1/2000 to 1/4000 1/1000 to 1/2000 1/1600 to 1/2000

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 66
4   Completing a Flight

Weather

Focus ring The focus ring should always be set to 3+ m.

This is set and calibrated by the manufacturer and must not change. For your

reference, this position corresponds with the white dot appearing below the

right edge of the red 0 in the 10 ft mark.

Note – Alwaystake a picture before the flight to ensure that the picture is not over- or

underexposed. If the picture does not look right, adjust the shutter speed first and then the aperture

setting.

6. If you are using the:

Sony a5100 camera

Note – Make sure that the Sony NEX-5 adapter pieces and the IR LED trigger cable are removed

from the payload bay. Do not use any sharp toolsfor this.

a. Insert the adapter piece into the camera cavity of the payload bay of the UX5 body.

b. Connect the USB cable to the camera and to the connector from the eBox. Insert the eBox

connection vertically into the cavity.

c. Insert the camera into the camera cavity of the payload bay and secure it using the Velcro

strap.

Sony NEX-5 camera

Note – Make sure that the Sony a5100 adapter piece and the USB trigger cable are removed from

the payload bay. Do not use any sharp toolsfor this.

a. Insert the two adapter pieces into the camera cavity of the payload bay of the UX5 body.

b. Insert the IR LED cable into the cable duct:

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 67
4   Completing a Flight

a. Without using any sharp tools, position the LED vertically in the round opening and

gently push the cable into the duct.

b. Connect the IR LED cable connector to the connector from the eBox and insert the

connection vertically into the cavity.

c. Cover the IR LED with the protection cap. The cap should be flush with the surface.

c. Insert the camera into the camera cavity of the payload bay and secure it using the Velcro

strap.

7. In the Aerial Imaging software, tap . Make sure that you hear the trigger sound from the

camera.

When the test picture is taken, the button is enabled.

Inserting the tracker transmitter

1. Turn on the tracker transmitter.

2. Make sure that you can hear the transmitter using the tracker receiver.

3. Insert the tracker transmitter into the body of the unmanned aircraft.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 68
4   Completing a Flight

Attaching the top cover

Attach the top cover to the unmanned aircraft and make sure it is secure.

Covering the pitot tube

Put the pitot tube cover on the pitot tube. Check the value in the black arrow at the left of the

artificial horizon in the status panel of the Aerial Imaging software and make sure the current

airspeed is below 20 kph (12.4 mph).

Checking the elevon trim

Make sure that the outboard elevons are leveled with the inboard elevons (the inboard elevons are

fixed). The accuracy should be less than 1 mm.

WARNING – When handling the UX5, make sure that the elevons can move freely and are not obstructed in any

way. Impaired movement of the elevons can cause the servo motor to burn up.

Checking the elevon response

Tap the Move/Stop elevon button in the Aerial Imaging software and watch the elevons on the

unmanned aircraft. Make sure the elevons move fluently and in unison.

WARNING – When handling the UX5, make sure that the elevons can move freely and are not obstructed in any

way. Impaired movement of the elevons can cause the servo motor to burn up.

When the elevon response is checked, the button is enabled.

Assembling the launcher

1. Unfold the launch slide.

CAUTION – Take care when unfolding the launch slide as there are sharp edges that can cause finger cuts.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 69
4   Completing a Flight

2. Secure each section of the launch slide by lifting the appropriate handle and hooking it into the

next section of the launch slide. Close the handles.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 70
4   Completing a Flight

3. Unfold and secure the V-support with the lock pin.

To attach the V-support to the launch slide, make sure the knob is pointing to the left and then

insert the V-support pins in the reserved holes, situated approximately 2/3 of the length of the

launch slide. Turn the knob to the right to tighten.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 71
4   Completing a Flight

4. Pull the ends of the launcher cord out of the launch slide so that the cord lies on top of the

launch slide.

Note – If the launcher cord is blocked while the elastics are not tightened, pull the release handles

upward to unblock them.

CAUTION – Never push the release handles when there is tension on the launcher cord. You will damage

the elastics. If there is tension on the cord, insert the crank onto the nut located toward the front end of the

launcher and use the crank to very gently release the force. At the same time, pull the release handles

gently upward. This is safest done with two people, with one person carefully winding the crank counterclockwise to counteract the force on the elastics.

5. Position the launch dock on the end of the launch slide with the tabs on the launch dock

pointing toward the direction of launch.

6. Slide the launch dock over the ends of the launcher cord.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 72
4   Completing a Flight

7. To attach the ends of the launcher cord to the launch dock, remove the lock pin from the

launch dock and then slide the lock pin through the holes in the launch dock, attaching the

ends of the launch cord as you do so. Secure the lock pin.

8. Slide the launch dock over the launch hook at the beginning of the launch slide, making sure

the launch dock clicks into position. Make sure the trigger is not blocked.

9. Insert the safety pin into the launch dock.

WARNING – Always keep the safety pin inserted in the launch dock. Remove the safety pin only just before

launch. Early removal of the safety pin can result in accidental release of the launcher, causing serious

personal injury and damage to the UX5 or launcher.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 73
4   Completing a Flight

CAUTION – Never launch without the UX5 sitting on the dock as it will damage the launch dock. The design

of the launcher takes into account the weight of the UX5 sitting on the launch dock.

10. Position the launcher at the planned takeoff location, with the launch direction pointing into

the takeoff direction you have indicated in the software.

11. Make sure the takeoff location is free of obstacles. For more information, see Obstacle

clearances, page 33.

Placing the UX5 onto the launcher

1. Position the UX5 at the front of the launch dock and use your finger tips to guide the launcher

slats on the underside of the UX5 onto the lips of the launch dock.

2. Use the artificial horizon indicator in the Aerial Imaging software to check the pitch and roll of

the UX5 on the launch dock. The pitch angle should be between 20° and 30° and the roll angle

should be between -5° and 5°. The horizon should be positioned parallel to the UX5 on the

artificial horizon indicator. If you need to adjust the horizon, reposition the launcher.

Transmitting the flight plan

This step appears only if the software is still transmitting the flight plan to the eBox. If transmission

of the flight plan is already complete, this step does not appear. The button is available once flight

plan transmission is complete.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 74
4   Completing a Flight

Initializing

At this step in the flight checklist, the eBox initializes. It must acquire lock on at least 4 usable GPS

satellites. The GPS receiver in the eBox determines the usability of the satellites, based on the

characteristics of each satellite.

Removing the pitot cover

Remove the cover from the pitot tube.

Checking the airspeed response

Press and hold the pitot tube for no more than 5 seconds. Make sure that the value in the black

arrow at the left of the artificial horizon in the status panel of the Aerial Imaging software changes.

Positioning the propellers

1. Check the position of the propellers on the unmanned aircraft and make sure they are pointing

backward as shown in the Aerial Imaging software.

2. If the propellers are not positioned correctly, carefully adjust them.

WARNING – Always take care when touching the propeller blades. If the unmanned aircraft receives a sudden

shock while armed, the motor can unexpectedly start causing the propeller blades to move. Contact with moving

propeller blades can result in serious personal injury.

Tightening the launcher cord elastics

1. Insert the crank onto the nut located toward the front end of the launch slide.

2. Stretch the launcher cord using the crank. In normal circumstances, the node between the cord

and elastic should be in the middle of the hole numbered "4" on the launcher.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 75
4   Completing a Flight

CAUTION – The launcher cord stretches with every launch. When you can easily reach the last hole when

tightening the cord, replace the launcher cord to prevent unsuccessful launches and damage to the launcher

or the UX5. For more information, click in the Home screen, select Launcher in the list to the right and

then select Replacing the launcher cord or refer to the Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution Maintenance

Guide.

3. Remove the crank.

Verifying the position of the aircraft on the launcher

WARNING – Take care to ensure the UX5 is correctly positioned on the launch dock. An incorrect position can

result in launch failure, causing serious personal injury and damage to the rover or launcher.

Removing the safety pin

To remove the safety pin, position yourself behind the launcher, reach carefully under the UX5 and

then pull out the safety pin.

WARNING – Always take care to avoid contact with the propeller blades. If the UX5 receives a sudden shock

while armed, the motor can unexpectedly start causing the propeller blades to move. Contact with moving

propeller blades can result in serious personal injury.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 76
4   Completing a Flight

Arming the system

This step of the flight checklist shows a summary of the system status. If there is an issue with any of

the launch values, then the value is shown in red.

To arm the system, tap Arm.

A warning message appears if:

l the UX5 battery life is less than 75%. If the battery level is low, the battery level line is red.

l the Tablet battery life is less than 90 minutes.

l the number ofsatellites is between 4 and 8.

The system will not allow you to launch the UX5 if the following errors are reported:

l The eBox is not in the correct state.

l GPS signal is not OK.

l Takeoffsensor is not OK (this means that the yaw, pitch, and roll values are not yet stabilized).

l Datalogging has not started.

l The GCS has no GPS connection.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 77
4   Completing a Flight

Launching the UX5

Once you have armed the system, the software prompts you to launch the aircraft.

1. Just before launch, perform the following safety checks:

a. Make sure there are no aerial objects inside the zone of operation.

b. Make sure you have a clear line ofsight to the UX5.

c. Make sure there are no obstacles or people near the front of the launcher.

WARNING – Make sure you complete each of the safety checks listed at this step. Failure to do so could

result in serious personal injury and damage to the UX5 or launcher.

2. When you have made sure that everything is clear in front of, above, and behind the launcher,

stand behind the launcher and press the launch handle to launch the UX5.

CAUTION – Never launch without the UX5 sitting on the dock as it will damage the launch dock. The design

of the launcher takes into account the weight of the UX5 sitting on the launch dock.

3. If an obstacle such as a person or animal suddenly appears in the obstacle clearance zone

during takeoff, tap in the Aerial Imaging software. The UX5 immediately powers down and

returns to the ground. For more information, see Emergency software commands, page 84.

After launch, the UX5 flies to the first waypoint, which is highlighted on the map in the

Dashboard tab. If the UX5 is not yet at the flight height when it reaches this point, it climbs in

circles of 100 m radius until it reaches the desired height.

4. After launch, release the tension on the launcher cord elastics. Leaving tension on the launcher

cord elastics for extended periods can damage the elastics.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 78
4   Completing a Flight

To release the tension, release the force with the crank very gently while pulling the release

handles in the front of the launcher upward. This is safest done with two people, with one

person carefully winding the crank counter-clockwise to counteract the force on the elastics.

Monitoring the flight

CAUTION – It is your responsibility to take action during flight when the safety of the UX5 aerial imaging rover or

its surroundings is compromised. To do this you must:

– Have visual contact with the unmanned aircraft at all times.

– Observe the zone of operation for the unmanned aircraft and look out for other aerial objects.

– Ensure obstacle clearance.

– Keep an eye on changing weather conditions.

– Locate the unmanned aircraft on the Tablet screen.

– Monitor the flight telemetry on the Tablet screen.

For information on the appropriate action to take if you see an oncoming aerial object at any point

during the flight, see Handling emergencies during flight, page 82.

After takeoff, the UX5 aerial imaging rover climbs to the specified cruise height.

Once the unmanned aircraft has passed its first waypoint, the second waypoint is initiated. From

this point, the unmanned aircraft follows the preprogrammed flight path.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 79
4   Completing a Flight

The Dashboard tab with an example flight is shown below:

You must use the Aerial Imaging software on the Tablet to monitor the unmanned aircraft during

the entire flight:

l The trajectory of the unmanned aircraft on the map must be close to the programmed flight

path.

l Monitor the strength of the communication link .

l Monitor the number of usable satellites .

l No signal: No GPS lock (0–3 satellites)

l 1 signal line: 4–6 satellites

l 2 signal lines: 7 or more satellites

l Monitor the level of power in the UX5 battery. In the battery status bar , the value is

expressed as a percentage and as time remaining in minutes.

l Compare the actual flight height with the desired flight height set during mission and flight

planning.

l Compare the actual airspeed with the desired airspeed, which is 80 kph (49 mph) during cruise

flight. The actual airspeed can be higher than the desired speed when the UX5 is coping with a

high head wind. The maximum airspeed is 90 kph (56 mph).

l Monitor the throttle. The throttle should be around 30% during cruise flight in normal

conditions.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 80
4   Completing a Flight

l Monitor the software for in-flight warnings and errors such as loss of GPS lock and loss of

communication link. For more information on these warnings and the appropriate action to

take, see Failsafes during flight, page 81 and Errors and warnings, page 99.

l Monitor the number of flight lines flown against the total number of flight lines (displayed in

the status line below the map).

The Dashboard tab with an example flight is shown below:

Changing the landing parameters during flight

If conditions change during the flight, it may be advisable to alter the landing parameters set in the

flight plan while the UX5 is still in flight.

Note – Once you confirm the landing, you cannot change the landing parameters.

To change the landing parameters:

1. Select the Flights tab. The Flights tab appears to the left of the Dashboard tab.

2. Tap beside Landing.

3. Depending on the situation, do one of the following:

l If the wind direction has changed and the landing clearances are not jeopardized, rotate

the landing heading of the current landing accordingly.

l If there is a sudden obstacle in the clearance zone of the current landing and you have

defined an alternative landing location that is clear from obstacles, tap the landing pin

on the map or use the drop-down menu in the Landing properties to select this location.

Adapt the landing heading according to the actual wind direction.

Note – For the current and any alternative landing setup, it is possible to change any other

parameters. However, thisrequires more effort and time which you may not have. Make sure that if

you change the landing location, the location is GPS fixed.

For more information, see Setting the landing properties, page 39.

Failsafes during flight

The following failsafe mechanisms activate when a technical issue occurs that reduces the safe

behavior of the unmanned aircraft:

l Loss of GPS lock during flight

l Loss of communication link during flight

l Overspeed protection

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 81
4   Completing a Flight

Loss of GPS lock during flight

If the unmanned aircraft does not receive GPS communications for a period of 4 seconds, then a

notification appears on the Tablet, and the following automatic failsafe mechanism is activated:

1. The unmanned aircraft banks at an angle of 25° while orbiting at its current location for 20

seconds. If the unmanned aircraft successfully reacquires GPS lock, then it flies to the specified

landing location and begins a normal landing sequence.

2. If the unmanned aircraft is unable to reacquire GPS lock, then it activates the Flight Termination

System (FTS). During FTS:

a. The motor powers down and the speed lowers to 70 kph (43 mph).

b. The unmanned aircraft orbits down in 200 m (656 ft) diameter circles until it reaches a

height of 7 m (23 ft).

Note – During FTS without GPS lock, the unmanned aircraft attemptsto circle but the outcome

is elliptical circles asthe unmanned aircraft issubject to wind drift.

c. The unmanned aircraft levels its wings, slows, and glides to the ground.

Loss of communication link during flight

If the unmanned aircraft does not receive a communication packet for the time specified in the

Communication timeout field in the Autopilot settings group of the Settings screen, or if the

communication link is poor and communication packets are being received intermittently, then a

notification appears on the Tablet and the unmanned aircraft flies to the specified landing location

and begins a normal landing sequence.

Unlike a normal landing, you are not prompted to confirm landing before the final leg of the landing.

An audible sound indicates that the UX5 is about to land.

If communication resumes during this automatic failsafe mechanism, the unmanned aircraft

continues the landing sequence.

Overspeed protection

If the unmanned aircraft detects a steep and fast decline, it will maximize drag to minimize the

impact on the ground. The aircraft will descend in a "flat-spin"-like flight trajectory.

Handling emergencies during flight

This topic describes typical emergency scenarios that may occur when the UX5 is in flight. For all

scenarios, you must assess the situation before taking action. Take into account your location (that

is, the location of the GCS) and the current location, course, and speed of the UX5.

Note – If the situation istoo critical (for example, fast moving aircraft) tap and when prompted

confirm Flight Termination System (FTS) activation to immediately abort the flight and put the UX5 in

an orbit toward the ground.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 82
4   Completing a Flight

An approaching aircraft

The most common emergencies involve another aircraft entering the vicinity at approximately the

same height as the UX5.

Scenario Action When the other aircraft

has left the vicinity...

The approaching aircraft

will not cross the flight

path of the UX5.

1. Assess the situation.

2. Tap , , , or to move the

UX5 to a safe position.

Tap in the message

box on the map to cancel

the pattern and continue

mapping.

The flight path of the

approaching aircraft and

the UX5 are converging.

1. Assess the situation.

2. Tap to move the UX5 to a safe

position.

Tap in the message

box on the map to cancel

the pattern and continue

mapping.

The flight path of the

approaching aircraft is

diverging from the flight

path of the UX5.

1. Assess the situation.

2. Tap , , or to move the UX5

to a safe position.

Tap in the message

box on the map to cancel

the pattern and continue

mapping.

The flight path of the

approaching aircraft is

intercepting the flight

path of the UX5.

1. Assess the situation.

2. Tap to move the UX5 to a safe

position. (An aircraft intending to

overtake an aircraft in front of them

overtakes that plane on the right

side.)

Tap in the message

box on the map to cancel

the pattern and continue

mapping.

The approaching aircraft

is approaching the UX5

head-on.

1. Assess the situation.

2. Tap to move the UX5 to a safe

position.

Tap in the message

box on the map to cancel

the pattern and continue

mapping.

The approaching aircraft

intends to land.

A landing aircraft has priority over an UX5

at all times. Never assume that the

aircraft has noticed the UX5. Take the

necessary safety measures depending on

the situation.

Tap in the message

box on the map to cancel

the pattern and continue

mapping.

Occasionally other objects such as birds enter the zone of operation. Assess the situation and try to

avoid collisions using the methods described above. If a collision does occur, immediately tap in

the Aerial Imaging software and if prompted, confirm FTS activation to abort the flight. Once the

UX5 has landed, carefully check equipment for damage.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 83
4   Completing a Flight

Other types of emergency

In case of other types of emergency, take the recommended action.

Scenario Action

Engine failure is rare but may occur.

The following parameters in the Aerial

Imaging software indicate engine

failure:

l Altimeter decreases

l Battery voltage increases

l Throttle percentage increases

until 100%

1. Assess the situation.

2. Tap to immediately terminate the flight.

If no button is tapped, the UX5 glides downward,

following the flight plan.

Aerial Imaging software freezes or

crashes on the GCS when the UX5 is in

the air.

Immediately restart the software. If you are unable to

restart the software, restart the GCS and then restart the

Aerial Imaging software.

After restarting the software:

1. Go to the Projects screen and open the project for

the flight in progress.

2. In the Flights tab, select the flight in progress.

3. Select the Flight checklist tab.

When connecting to the autopilot, a message asks if

the aircraft is already in the air.

4. Tap to confirm.

The Aerial Imaging software downloads the existing

flight plan from the eBox and enables you to

continue the flight.

Emergency software commands

The Dashboard tab of the Aerial Imaging software provides several buttons that enable you to

manually interrupt the pre-programmed flight plan while the unmanned aircraft is in the air. Use

these commands to take evasive action ifrequired.

Note – Tapping any button in thisscreen overrides any previous command.

Note – The only button available when the UX5 is below 50 m (164 ft) during takeoff is .

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 84
4   Completing a Flight

Land

Use the button when the flight must be terminated and there is time and space for a

pre-planned landing.

When you tap , the unmanned aircraft immediately terminates its flight plan and initiates a

normal landing sequence. It flies at the desired flight height to the entry point which is located 300

m (984 ft) from the landing location. If the Land command is initiated during the transition between

blocks which are at different heights, the desired flight height is the height of the next block. If the

flight height of the next block is:

l lower than the previous block, the aircraft flies to the landing entry point while descending.

l higher than the previous block, the aircraft flies to the landing entry point while ascending.

When the aircraft has reached the landing entry point but is not yet at a height of 75 m (246 ft) + the

landing offset, it starts circling downward in 200 m (656 ft) diameter circles until it reaches a height of

75 m (246 ft) + the landing offset. The aircraft then orbits until you do one of the following:

l To complete the landing, tap in the message box on the map. The aircraft finishes circling

when all landing conditions are met and then it starts the final leg of the landing.

l To release the Land command, tap in the message box on the map. The aircraft returns to

the start of the flight line it was on when the flight plan was interrupted, and resumes mapping

when it reaches the point that mapping paused.

Fly to

Use the button to move the unmanned aircraft from its current position to a location you

choose.

To enable the button, tap the location on the map that you want the unmanned aircraft to

move to. When you tap , the unmanned aircraft flies to the specified location and then orbits

there at the desired flight height in 200 m (656 ft) diameter circles. Mapping is paused. If the Fly to

command is initiated during the transition between blocks which are at different heights, the

desired flight height is the height of the next block. If the flight height of the next block is:

l lower than the previous block, the aircraft flies to the specified location while descending. If the

desired height is not yet reached at the specified location, the aircraft circles downward until

the desired height is reached.

l higher than the previous block, the aircraft flies to the specified location while ascending. If the

desired height is not yet reached at the specified location, the aircraft circles upward until the

desired height is reached.

When in the Fly to pattern, you can adjust the unmanned aircraft's desired flight height by 10 m (32

ft) up or down, ifrequired. The software does not allow the height to be set lower than 75 m (246 ft)

or higher than 750 m (2460 ft).

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 85
4   Completing a Flight

To release the Fly to command, tap in the message box on the map. The unmanned aircraft

returns to the desired flight height it was at before the Fly to pattern began. It flies to the previous

waypoint and resumes mapping when it reaches the point that mapping paused.

Note – If you tap the map again while the unmanned aircraft isin the Fly to pattern, tap in the

message box on the map to fly to the new location on the map.

Hold

Use the button when another aircraft in the vicinity is observed.

When you tap , the unmanned aircraft begins orbiting its current location at the desired flight

height in 200 m (656 ft) diameter circles. Mapping is paused. If the Hold command is initiated during

the transition between blocks which are at different heights, the desired flight height is the height

of the next block. If the flight height of the next block is:

l lower than the previous block, the aircraft circles downward until it reaches the height of the

next block.

l higher than the previous block, the aircraft circles upward until it reaches the height of the next

block.

When in the Hold pattern, you can adjust the unmanned aircraft's height by 10 m (32 ft) up or

down, ifrequired. The software does not allow the height to be set lower than 75 m (246 ft) or higher

than 750 m (2460 ft).

To release the Hold command, tap in the message box on the map. The unmanned aircraft

returns to the desired flight height it was at before the Hold pattern began. It flies to the previous

waypoint and resumes mapping when it reaches the point that mapping paused.

Here

Use the button when the unmanned aircraft must be removed from the general area of

mapping and you want to have it within close sight.

When you tap , the unmanned aircraft immediately flies to the location of the ground control

station (GCS) and orbits there at the desired flight height in 200 m (656 ft) diameter circles. Mapping

is paused. If the Here command is initiated during the transition between blocks which are at

different heights, the desired flight height is the height of the next block. If the flight height of the

next block is:

l lower than the previous block, the aircraft flies to the GCS location while descending. If the

desired height is not yet reached at the GCS location, the aircraft circles downward until the

desired height is reached.

l higher than the previous block, the aircraft flies to the GCS location while ascending. If the

desired height is not yet reached at the GCS location, the aircraft circles upward until the

desired height is reached.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 86
4   Completing a Flight

When in the Here pattern, you can adjust the unmanned aircraft's height by 10 m (32 ft) up or

down, ifrequired. The software does not allow the height to be set lower than 75 m (246 ft) or higher

than 750 m (2460 ft).

To release the Here command, tap in the message box on the map. The unmanned aircraft

returns to the desired flight height it was at before the Here pattern began. It flies to the previous

waypoint and resumes mapping when it reaches the point that mapping paused.

Right

Use the button when you want to move the unmanned aircraft rightward from its current

position but have it close to its current location.

When you tap , the unmanned aircraft flies 300 m (984 ft) to the right of the current heading and

then orbits there at the desired flight height in 200 m (656 ft) diameter circles. Mapping is paused. If

the Right command is initiated during the transition between blocks which are at different heights,

the desired flight height is the height of the next block. If the flight height of the next block is:

l lower than the previous block, the aircraft flies to the right while descending. If the desired

height is not yet reached at the orbit location, the aircraft circles downward until the desired

height is reached.

l higher than the previous block, the aircraft flies to the right while ascending. If the desired

height is not yet reached at the orbit location, the aircraft circles upward until the desired

height is reached.

When in the Right pattern, you can adjust the unmanned aircraft's height by 10 m (32 ft) up or

down, ifrequired. The software does not allow the height to be set lower than 75 m (246 ft) or higher

than 750 m (2460 ft).

To release the Right command, tap in the message box on the map. The unmanned aircraft

returns to the desired flight height it was at before the Right pattern began. It flies to the previous

waypoint and resumes mapping when it reaches the point that mapping paused.

FTS

Activate the Flight Termination System (FTS) when the UX5 must be removed from the air as quickly

as possible. The button can be used during takeoff, cruise flight, and landing.

To activate the FTS, tap and if prompted, confirm FTS activation in the message box on the map.

Note – If you do not tap in the message box, the UX5 continuesthe flight.

Note – Confirmation is alwaysrequired, except during takeoff when the UX5 isstill below 25 m (82 ft).

The unmanned aircraft immediately aborts the flight. During cruise flight, this involves:

1. The motor powers down and the speed lowers to 70 kph (43 mph).

2. The unmanned aircraft orbits down in 200 m (656 ft) diameter circles until it reaches a height of

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 87
4   Completing a Flight

10 m (33 ft).

3. The unmanned aircraft levels its wings, slows, and glides to the ground.

If you activate FTS when the unmanned aircraft is at a height of less than 25 m (82 ft) – that is, during

takeoff or landing – then the unmanned aircraft slows to 60 kph (37 mph) and flies downward in a

straight line at the current heading until it glides to the ground.

Abort

Note – The button is available only during the final leg of the landing when the aircraft is more than

15 m (49 ft) above ground. Make sure you consider the obstacle clearancesfor the Abort manoeuvre

before you tap . For more information,see Obstacle clearances for landing, page 35.

Use the button to abort the landing.

When you tap , the unmanned aircraft climbs to 75 m (246 ft) in the direction of the landing

heading and then turns to the landing entry point to start the landing circuit again.

To land you must tap in the message box on the map again.

Dealing with a crash

A crash is an accident associated with the operation of an aircraft in which:

l a person is fatally or seriously injured

l the aircraft sustains damage or structural failure

l the aircraft is missing or completely inaccessible

Note – A landing on the intended landing site that causes damage to the aircraft due to the landing

surface cannot be seen as a crash.

1. If a crash occurs which causes injuries or death, you must:

a. Contact the emergency services.

b. Help where necessary, without risking your own life.

c. Make a perimeter around the accident. Make sure no evidence disappears.

d. Notify your civil aviation authority (CAA).

2. If a crash occurs which causes damage to another object:

a. Contact the emergency services when necessary (for example, if gas, electricity, or water

supplies are affected).

b. Contact the owners of the object that is hit.

c. Notify your civil aviation authority.

3. Take pictures of the crash site. Download the data files from the GCS and send all data and

pictures to your Trimble distributor.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 88
4   Completing a Flight

Landing the UX5 

CAUTION – It is your responsibility to ensure the safety of the unmanned aircraft during landing. To do this you

must:

– Have visual contact with the unmanned aircraft at all times.

– Observe the zone of operation for the unmanned aircraft and look out for other aerial objects.

– Ensure obstacle clearance.

– Locate the unmanned aircraft on the Tablet screen.

WARNING – Make sure there are no people or obstacles near the landing zone. Failure to do so could result in

serious personal injury and damage to the rover.

After passing the last waypoint on the scan lines, the UX5 terminates its flight plan and initiates a

normal landing sequence. It flies at cruise height to the entry point which is located 300 m (984 ft)

from the landing location. It starts circling downward in 200 m (656 ft) diameter circles until it

reaches a height of 75 m (246 ft). It keeps circling in left or right circles, depending on the direction

specified in the Aerial Imaging software, until you tap in the message box on the map.

To complete the landing, tap in the message box on the map. The UX5 finishes its current circle

until it reaches the intersection with the landing direction and then it starts the final leg of the

landing.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 89
4   Completing a Flight

The image below shows the linear landing circuit using a landing orientation set to right turns.

Locating the UX5 after landing

If the UX5 has landed somewhere in the field and you are not able to visually locate it, you can track

it using the tracking system receiver.

1. On the receiver, press and hold the On/Off key for three seconds to power on the receiver.

2. Press the Menu/OK key to enter the menu.

3. Select the transmitter you want to track down using the Scan key and then press the Menu/OK

key to confirm.

4. Fold out the four antennas on the receiver and then place the receiver on the palm of your

hand, taking care not to touch any of the antennas.

5. Increase the gain as much as possible using the Increase key.

6. To pick up the first signal pulses, hold the receiver in front of you at high level and slowly turn

360°, scanning the horizon with the antenna.

Tip – Make sure the internal antenna is selected. The range of the receiver is wider if you track from an

elevation. Always hold the receiver in front of you so that the receiver can distinguish between incoming

signals from the front and the back.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 90
4   Completing a Flight

Each received signal pulse and its strength are shown on the transmitter bar/received signal

strength indicator and indicated with an audible signal.

7. Scan the area to determine the direction with the highest signalstrength. If the signalstrength

is the same in all directions, reduce the gain using the Decrease key until the received signal

strength is half the transmitter bar and then repeat the scan.

8. Follow the determined direction. Repeat the scan at intervals to verify the direction you need

to head in to locate the UX5.

Note – If you experience difficultiesfinding the rover following one direction, try doing the scan from

a different location and locating the cross-section between the new and previously found direction.

For more information on using the tracker system, refer to the user documentation for the

tracker transmitter and receiver.

Completing the post-flight checklist

1. After the UX5 has successfully landed, tap .

2. A message warns that the UX5 should be on the ground. Do one of the following:

l If the UX5 is not on the ground, tap . You will return to the flight monitoring screen.

l If the UX5 is on the ground, tap . The UX5 goes into standby mode and the post-flight

checklist appears.

3. Remove the download port cap from the eBox and then attach the download cable to the eBox

and the modem.

4. Click .

The software detects the cable connection and automatically starts downloading the log files

from the eBox to the Tablet.

Note – If there is an issue with the cable connection, the post-flight checklist returnsto the previous

screen. Detach and then reattach the cable and then click .

5. When prompted, disconnect the download cable and then reattach the download port cap to

the eBox.

6. When prompted, remove the camera from the unmanned aircraft. Trimble recommends

deleting the test images taken on the ground from the SD card. Verify that the number of

images taken during the flight are equal to the amount ofshutter commands recorded in the

flight log.

If you have not deleted the test images from the SD card, there will be a mismatch between the

number of images and the number ofshutter commands and you will need to correct this. For

more information, see Exporting flight data for processing, page 96.

Note – If you have imagesfrom more than one flight on the camera, you may need to remove the SD

card from the camera, insert it into the Tablet, and then use Windows Explorer to navigate to the

correct folder on the SD card to view the number of imagestaken for the flight. To do this you will

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 91
4   Completing a Flight

need a USB to SD card reader or an external storage device. For more information,see Locating

your equipment, page 60.

7. Select the check box for the block(s) that were successfully mapped during the flight.

8. Tap to close the post-flight checklist and return to the Flights tab.

The status of the flight changes to: Flown, log files downloaded and settings frozen.

To redo this flight, make a copy of the flight. The settings of the new flight are editable.

In the Blocks tab, one of the following icons appears next to the block name in the block list:

l Successfully mapped and settings frozen.

l Not successfully mapped and settings frozen.

If the log files were downloaded the icon appears next to the block number on the map.

A frozen block can still be scheduled in other flights. It will be flown again with the same settings. To

map the block with different settings, make a copy of the block and change the settings as required.

Disassembling the launcher

For safe disassembly of the launcher, refer to the Trimble UX5 Launcher Quick Start Guide.

1. If you have not yet released the tension on the launcher cord, then do so now.

To release the tension, release the force with the crank very gently while pulling the release

handles in the front of the launcher upward. This is safest done with two people, with one

person carefully winding the crank counter-clockwise to counteract the force on the elastics.

2. Remove the lock pin on the launch dock and detach the launcher cord.

3. Using the crank, tighten the launcher cord so that most of the cord is in the launch slide but the

end remains out. Remove the crank.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 92
4   Completing a Flight

4. Slide the launch dock off the front of the launch slide.

5. To detach the V-support, turn the knob upward and then slide the pins out of the holes in the

launch slide. Remove the lock pin on the V-support to fold the legs and then reinsert the lock

pin.

CAUTION – Take care when folding the V-support legs not to jam or cut fingers.

6. Open the handle fixes on the launch slide and fold the launch slide.

7. Return the following items to the launcher bag:

l safety pin

l launch dock with lock pin

l V-support

l crank

l launch slide with elastics

For more information, see Locating your equipment, page 60.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 93
Analysis and Export

n Transferring the images

n Returning the project to the Aerial

Imaging Desktop software

n Exporting flight data for processing

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 94

C H A P T E R 5
5   Analysis and Export

Transferring the images

Note – If you already transferred the imagesfrom the camera to an external storage device in the field,

then transfer the imagesfrom that device to a location on the computer running the Aerial Imaging

Desktop software, or to a network location.

If you have not already transferred the images from the camera:

1. When you return to the office, remove the SD card from the camera.

2. Insert the SD card into an office computer and then transfer the images from the SD card to a

location on the computer or a network location.

3. Delete the images from the SD card.

4. Replace the SD card in the camera.

Note – Because the camera has no electronic communication with the external lens, the image

properties(exif data) show a 0 value for the propertieslinked to the lens. These properties are: F-stop,

focal length and max. aperture.

Returning the project to the Aerial Imaging Desktop

software

Although you can use the Aerial Imaging software on the Trimble Tablet to analyze and export the

flight data for processing, it will typically be done in the office using the Aerial Imaging Desktop

software. To be able to do this you must export the project from the Aerial Imaging software on the

Tablet and import it to the Aerial Imaging Desktop software.

To export the project from the Aerial Imaging software on the Tablet:

1. In the Projects screen, select the project to export.

2. Click . The Export wizard appears.

3. Select the GWT format. Click Next.

4. Navigate to the folder where you want to save the project. If the Tablet cannot access a

network folder, then insert a USB stick and then navigate to a folder on the USB stick.

5. Enter the file name and then click Save.

The exported project is saved as a .gwt file in the folder you selected.

6. Click Finish to close the Export wizard.

To import the project to the Aerial Imaging Desktop software:

1. Start the Aerial Imaging Desktop software.

2. In the Aerial Imaging Home screen or Projects screen, tap .

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 95
5   Analysis and Export

3. Navigate to the location of the .gwt file, select it and then tap Open.

The project you imported is listed in the Projects screen and the project thumbnail appears.

Exporting flight data for processing

Note – You can export flight data from the Aerial Imaging Desktop software, or from the Aerial Imaging

software on the Trimble Tablet, if you have copied the imagesto the Tablet.

1. In the Projects screen, select the project to export flight data from.

2. Click . The Export wizard appears.

3. Select the format to export to:

l To process the flight data using Trimble Business Center software, select the .jxl option.

l To process the flight data using other processing software, select the .csv/.txt option.

4. Click Next.

5. Select the flight to export and then select the folder where you have stored the images for that

flight.

The summary at the bottom of the window shows you the number of camera triggers in the

flight log file and the number of images in the selected image folder.

If these numbers do not correspond, you have the option to correct it using the Aerial Imaging

software. For each scan line the software matches the shutter commands with the number of

images.

Note – The files must be corrected before exporting to Trimble Business Center.

Note – If there are more than three images missing or more than three additional images(excluding

test images or imagesfrom another flight), Trimble recommends performing the flight again.

If there are:

l Too many images, the automatic correction will delete test images or images from a

previous flight. In any other case where scan lines have more images than shutter

commands, the extra images are dropped at the end of the scan line, regardless of where

in the scan line the extra images occurred.

l Not enough images, where scan lines have more shutter commands than images, the

extra shutter commands are dropped at the end of the scan line, regardless of where in

the scan line the extra shutter commands occurred.

Note – If the missing images are not due to obviousreasonssuch as a depleted camera battery

during flight, an SD card with incorrect specifications(see Locating your equipment, page 60),

or incorrect camera settings, contact your Trimble distributor.

A message appears, showing the correction results.

6. Click Next.

7. Enter a file name for the exported flight data and then click Save.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 96
5   Analysis and Export

By default the exported file is stored in the same folder as the images for the flight. This is

required for processing .jxl files using Trimble Business Center.

8. Click Finish to close the Export wizard.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 97
Troubleshooting

n Errors and warnings

n Landing issues

n Aerial Imaging software issues

n eBox LED status

n Technicalsupport

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 98

C H A P T E R 6
6   Troubleshooting

Errors and warnings

This topic describes error messages or warnings that may appear. If the problem persists, contact

your Trimble distributor.

Low battery level

If the message appears Then...

Pre-flight, before ARM Replace the battery with a fully charged battery and then redo the

flight checklist.

Pre-flight, after ARM 1. Disarm the UX5 via software. If that does not work, disarm the

UX5 by pressing the Mode button once (one flash) taking care

to avoid the propellers.

2. Replace the battery with a fully charged battery and then redo

the flight checklist.

In-flight If the landing location is not too far from the location of the UX5 and

the battery level is not too low, tap the button. Otherwise, tap

the button.

Loss of GPS lock

If the message appears Then...

Pre-flight, before ARM You will not be able to ARM the UX5.

1. Press the Mode button once (one flash) to restart the eBox.

2. Redo the checklist.

Pre-flight, after ARM 1. Disarm the UX5 via software. If that does not work, disarm the

UX5 by pressing the Mode button once (one flash) taking care

to avoid the propellers.

2. Press the Mode button once (one flash) to restart the eBox.

3. Redo the checklist.

In-flight The automatic failsafe mechanism is activated. See Failsafes during

flight, page 81.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 99
6   Troubleshooting

Communication loss

If the message appears Then...

Pre-flight, before ARM You will not be able to ARM the UX5.

1. Press the Mode button once (one flash) to restart the eBox.

2. Redo the checklist.

Pre-flight, after ARM 1. Disarm the UX5 via software. If that does not work, disarm the

UX5 by pressing the Mode button once (one flash) taking care

to avoid the propellers.

2. Press the Mode button once (one flash) to restart the eBox.

3. Redo the checklist.

In-flight The automatic failsafe mechanism is activated. See Failsafes during

flight, page 81.

Camera errors

Issue Solution

The camera is taking a

picture every 20 to 25

seconds.

1. Abort the checklist.

2. Disconnect the UX5 battery.

3. Restart the checklist.

eBox errors

There are two types of eBox errors that can occur:

l Autopilot errors

l Miscellaneous eBox errors

The appropriate action to take depends on the stage of the flight that the error occurs. For more

information, see:

l Taking action when an Autopilot error occurs, page 104

l Taking action when an eBox error occurs, page 104

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 100
6   Troubleshooting

Autopilot error message types

The table below explains the types of autopilot error that can occur.

Code Description

2 There is an airspeed sensor hardware problem.

3 There is an autopilot configuration problem.

4 There is an autopilot configuration problem.

9 There is a pitch gyro sensor hardware problem.

11 There is a roll gyro sensor hardware problem.

13 There is a yaw gyro sensor hardware problem.

16 There is an autopilot configuration problem.

17 There is an invalid command in the flight plan.

18 There is an autopilot configuration problem.

19 There is an autopilot configuration problem.

20 There is an autopilot configuration problem.

21 There is an autopilot configuration problem.

22 There is a gyro sensor hardware problem.

23 There is an accelerometer sensor hardware problem.

25 The aircraft has flown past the 300 km limit.

26 The flight plan contains a waypoint that is outside of the geofence; or the aircraft has

flown outside of the geofence.

35 There is an autopilot configuration problem.

36 There is a gyro sensor hardware problem.

37 There is an autopilot configuration problem.

38 There is an autopilot configuration problem.

39 There is an autopilot configuration problem.

40 There is an autopilot configuration problem.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 101
6   Troubleshooting

Code Description

41 There is an autopilot configuration problem.

42 There is an autopilot configuration problem.

43 There is an autopilot configuration problem.

44 There is an autopilot configuration problem.

45 There is an autopilot configuration problem.

46 The flight plan contains a waypoint that exceeds the maximum allowed distance from

the takeoff location.

47 The aircraft is close to the 300 km limit.

49 There is an autopilot configuration problem.

50 There is an autopilot configuration problem.

51 There is an autopilot configuration problem.

52 There is a GPS receiver hardware problem.

53 There is an autopilot configuration problem.

55 There is an autopilot configuration problem.

56 There is an autopilot hardware problem.

57 There is an autopilot hardware problem.

58 There is an accelerometer sensor hardware problem.

59 There is a GPS receiver hardware problem.

60 There is an autopilot configuration problem.

61 There is an airspeed sensor hardware problem.

63 There is an autopilot configuration problem.

64 There is an autopilot configuration problem.

65 There is an autopilot configuration problem.

66 There is an autopilot configuration problem.

67 There is an autopilot configuration problem.

68 There is an autopilot configuration problem.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 102
6   Troubleshooting

Code Description

69 There is an autopilot hardware problem.

71 There is an accelerometer sensor hardware problem.

72 There are multiple errors.

73 There is an autopilot configuration problem.

74 There is an autopilot configuration problem.

77 There is an autopilot configuration problem.

78 There is an autopilot configuration problem.

79 There is an autopilot configuration problem.

80 There is an accelerometer sensor hardware problem.

81 There is an invalid command in the flight plan.

84 There is an autopilot configuration problem.

85 There is an autopilot configuration problem.

86 The aircraft is above the maximum altitude limit.

87 There is an autopilot configuration problem.

88 The flight plan contains a waypoint that is above the maximum allowed altitude from

the takeoff location.

89 The flight plan contains a waypoint that is outside of the geofence.

90 There is a pitch gyro sensor hardware problem.

91 There is a roll gyro sensor hardware problem.

92 There is a yaw gyro sensor hardware problem.

93 There is an accelerometer sensor hardware problem.

94 There is an accelerometer sensor hardware problem.

95 There is an accelerometer sensor hardware problem.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 103
6   Troubleshooting

Taking action when an Autopilot error occurs

If the message appears Then...

Pre-flight, before ARM You will not be able to ARM the UX5.

1. Press the Mode button once (one flash) to restart the eBox.

2. Redo the checklist.

Pre-flight, after ARM 1. Disarm the UX5 via software. If that does not work, disarm the

UX5 by pressing the Mode button once (one flash) taking care

to avoid the propellers.

2. Press the Mode button once (one flash) to restart the eBox.

3. Redo the checklist.

In-flight If the landing location is not too far from the location of the UX5 and

the battery level is not too low, , tap the button. Otherwise, tap

the button.

Taking action when an eBox error occurs

Miscellaneous eBox errors include eBox altitude pressure sensor errors.

If the message appears Then...

Pre-flight, before ARM You will not be able to ARM the UX5.

1. Press the Mode button once (one flash) to restart the eBox.

2. Redo the checklist.

Pre-flight, after ARM 1. Disarm the UX5 via software. If that does not work, disarm the

UX5 by pressing the Mode button once (one flash) taking care

to avoid the propellers.

2. Disconnect and then reconnect the battery to restart the eBox.

3. Redo the checklist.

In-flight Always use .

Landing issues

If the unmanned aircraft does not automatically power off the motor after landing, Trimble

recommends manually powering off the motor as soon as possible to avoid motor damage. To

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 104
6   Troubleshooting

manually power off the UX5, tap the button in the Aerial Imaging software. If that does not

work, press and hold the Mode button on the eBox until the LED flashes three times.

WARNING – Always take care to avoid contact with the propeller blades. Contact with moving propeller blades

can result in serious personal injury.

Aerial Imaging software issues

If the Aerial Imaging software on the GCS freezes or crashes when the UX5 is in the air, see Aerial

Imaging software freezes or crashes, page 1.

If the software crashes, a crash dump file is automatically created. You are prompted to select the

crash dump location and you can then send the file to Trimble Technical Support.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 105
6   Troubleshooting

eBox LED status

The diagram below shows the status of the LEDs on the eBox.

Technical support

If you have an issue and cannot find the information you need in the product documentation,

contact your Trimble distributor.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 106
Specifications and Settings

n UX5 specifications

n Camera specifications

n Camera settings

n Battery charger settings

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 107

C H A P T E R 7
7   Specifications and Settings

UX5 specifications

The UX5 aerial imaging rover has the following specifications:

Power/battery

Feature Specification

Battery type Lithium polymer

Nominal energy capacity 6000 mAh

Nominal voltage 14.8 V

Battery charger settings for

charging:

– Maximum current

– Voltage

6 A

16.8 V +/- 0.03 V

Battery charger settings for

discharging:

– Maximum current

– Cut-off voltage

40 A

9 V

Battery charging time Maximum 2 hours if fully

discharged.

Height

Feature Specification

Minimum flight height 75 m (246 ft)

Maximum flight height 750 m (2460 ft)

Maximum operational ceiling

(recommended)

5000 m (16,400 ft)

Note – UX5 not tested above 2500 m

(8202 ft).

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 108
7   Specifications and Settings

Dimensions

Feature Specification

Maximum takeoff weight (MTOW) 2.5 kg (5.5 lbs)

Wing span 100 cm (39.3 ")

Length 65 cm (25.6 ")

Height 10.5 cm (4.1 ")

CAUTION – Any deviation leading to a different maximum takeoff weight (MTOW) must be approved by Trimble.

Camera specifications

The camera has the following specifications:

Feature Specification (Sony a5100) Specification (Sony NEX-5)

Effective pixels 23.4 megapixels 16.1 megapixels

Image sensor APS-C 23.5 x 15.6 mm (0.93 x

0.61") CMOS

APS-C 23.5 x 15.6 mm (0.93 x

0.61") CMOS

Focal length 15 mm (0.6") 15 mm (0.6")

F-aperture 4.5 - 22 4.5 - 22

Shutter speed 1/4000 – 60 1/4000 – 30

ISO sensitivity ISO 100 – 25600 equivalent ISO 100 – 25600 equivalent

Display 7.5 cm (3") 7.5 cm (3")

Dimensions

(width x height x depth)

109.6 x 62.8 x 35.7 mm

(4.31 x 2.47 x 1.41 ")

110.8 x 58.8 x 32.5 mm

(4.36 x 2.31 x 1.28 ")

Weight 224 g (0.49 lb) body only 218 g (0.48 lb) body only

Battery charging time Approximately 310 minutes

when fully discharged

Approximately 280 minutes

when fully discharged

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 109
7   Specifications and Settings

Camera settings

The camera arrives with the appropriate settings required to obtain good aerial images set by

Trimble. These settings are listed below for the:

l Sony a5100 camera settings

l Sony NEX-5 camera settings, page 115

Note the following:

l Settings that are greyed out in the camera menus cannot be selected and so are not listed here.

l A value of "–" in the tables below indicates that the value for that setting is not set and is not

required.

Sony a5100 camera settings

Menu settings

Camera settings

Setting Value

1 Shoot Mode Shutter Priority

Image Size L:24M

Aspect Ratio 3:2

Quality Fine

2 Movie File Format AVCHD

Movie Record Settings 50i 17M (FH)

Dual Video REC Off

Drive Mode Single Shooting

Flash Mode Fill-flash

3 Flash Comp. ± 0.0

Red Eye Reduction Off

Focus Area Center

AF Illuminator Off

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 110
7   Specifications and Settings

Setting Value

4 Exposure Comp. ± 0.0

ISO ISO AUTO

5 Metering Mode Multi

White Balance Auto

For the NIR camera, use custom brightness/color settings.

See Setting brightness/color settings for the NIR camera,

page 57

DRO/Auto-HDR D-Range Opt. - AUTO

Creative Style Standard

Picture Effect Off

6 Focus Magnifier –

High ISO NR Normal

Smile/Face Detect. Off

7 Soft Skin Effect Off

Color Space sRGB

8 Video Auto Slow Shutter Off

Audio Recording Off

Wind Noise Reduct. Off

Shooting Tip List –

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 111
7   Specifications and Settings

Custom settings

Setting Value

1 Zebra Off

MF Assist Off

Focus Magnif. Time No limit

Grid Line Diag + square grid

Movie Marker Display Off

Movie Marker Settings

Center

Aspect

Safety zone

Guide frame

Off

Off

Off

Off

2 Auto Review Off

DISP Button Display all info

Peaking Level High

Peaking Color Red

Exposure Set. Guide Off

3 Live View Display Setting effect ON

Disp. Cont. AF Area Off

Zoom Setting Opticalzoom only

Release w/o lens Enable

AEL w/ shutter Off

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 112
7   Specifications and Settings

Setting Value

4 Self portrait/ -timer Off

Exp. Comp. Set. Ambient only

Face Registration –

AF Micro Adj.

AF Adjustment Set.

Clear

Off

–

5 Lens Comp.

Shading Comp.

Chro. Aber. Comp.

Distortion Comp.

Off

Off

Off

Custom Key Settings

Center Button

Change all items to "Not set" EXCEPT Focus Magnifier

MOVIE Button Movie mode only

Wireless

Setting Value

Airplane Mode On

Application

There are no relevant settings set in the Application menu.

Playback

Setting Value

Display Rotation Off

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 113
7   Specifications and Settings

Setup

Setting Value

1 Monitor Brightness Manual

Audio Signals Off

Tile Menu Off

Delete Confirm. "Cancel" first

2 Power Save Start Time 30 mins

PAS/NTSC Selector –

Touch Operation Off

HDMI Settings

HDMI Resolution

HDMI Info. Display

CTRL FOR HDMI

Auto

Off

Off

3 USB Connection Auto

USB LUN Setting Multi

Language English

Date/Time Setup Set the correct date and time for your location and the

format used by your organization.

Area Setting Set the correct area for your location.

4 Format –

File Number Series

Folder name Date form

5 Version –

Setting Reset –

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 114
7   Specifications and Settings

Sony NEX-5 camera settings

Lens settings

Setting Value

Aperture ring f/4.5

Focus ring 3+ m

Note – Thisisset and calibrated by the manufacturer and must

not change. For your reference, this position corresponds with the

white dot appearing below the right edge of the red 0 in the 10 ft

mark.

Menu settings

Shoot Mode

Setting Value

Shoot Mode S (Shutter priority)

1/1000 or above

Camera

Setting Value

Drive Mode Remote Cdr.

Flash Mode –

AF/MF Select –

Autofocus Area –

Autofocus Mode –

Touch Shutter –

Object Tracking /

Tracking Focus

–

Zoom –

Face Detection Off

Face Registration –

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 115
7   Specifications and Settings

Setting Value

Smile Shutter Off

Auto Port Framing Off

Soft Skin Effect Off

Shooting Tip List –

LCD Display Display All Info

DISP Button Enable the following:

l Display All Info

l Big Font Size Disp

l Histogram

Image Size

Setting Value

Image Size L:16M

Aspect Ratio 3:2

Quality Fine

Movie File Format NEX 5R: N/A

NEX 5T: AVCHD

Movie Record Setting NEX 5R: N/A

NEX 5T: 25p 17M (FH)

Brightness/Color

Setting Value

Exposure Compensation ± 0.0

For the NIR camera:

+ 1.0 with the UV HAZE (orange) filter

+ 2.0 with the NIR (black) filter

ISO Auto

White Balance Auto WB

For the NIR camera, use custom brightness/color settings. See

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 116
7   Specifications and Settings

Setting Value

Setting brightness/color settings for the NIR camera, page 59

Metering Mode Multi

DRO/Auto HDR D-Range Optimizer

Picture Effect Off

Creative Style Standard

Playback

There are no relevant settings set in the Playback menu.

Application

There are no relevant settings set in the Application menu.

Setup

Shooting settings

Setting Value

AEL with shutter On

AF Illuminator Off

Live View Display Setting Effect On

Auto Review Off

Grid Line Off

Peaking Level Mid

Peaking Color Red

Clear Image Zoom Off

Digital Zoom Off

Self-portrait Self-timer Off

MF Assist On

MF Assist Time 2 Sec

Color Space sRGB

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 117
7   Specifications and Settings

Setting Value

Release without Lens Enable

Front Curtain Shutter Off

Long Exposure NR Off

High ISO NR Normal

Lens Comp.:Shading Auto

Lens Comp.: Chromatic Aberation Auto

Lens Comp.: Distortion Auto

Auto Slow Shutter Off

Movie Audio Rec. On

Wind Noise Reduction On

AF Micro Adjustment –

Main settings

Setting Value

Menu Start NEX 5R: Top

NEX 5T: Previous

Function Menu Settings –

MOVIE Button Off

Custom Key Settings –

Touch Operation Off

Beep Off

Language English

Date/Time Setup Set the correct date and time for your location and

the format used by your organization.

Area Setting Set the correct area for your location.

Help Guide Display Off

Power Save Standard

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 118
7   Specifications and Settings

Setting Value

Power Saving Start Time 30 min

LCD Brightness Manual

Display Color White

Wide Image Normal

Playback Display Manual Rotate

HDMI Resolution Auto

CTRL for HDMI On

USB Connection Auto

Cleaning Mode –

(Click to clean the sensor.)

Version –

(Click to see the camera and lens version.)

Initialize –

(Click to reset settings.)

Memory card tool

Setting Value

Format –

(Click to format a card.)

File Number Series

Folder Name Date Form

New Folder –

(Click to create a folder.)

Recover Image DB –

(Click to recover the image database.)

Display Card Space –

Click to view card space usage.)

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 119
7   Specifications and Settings

Network settings

Setting Value

Access Point Settings –

Edit Device Name –

Display MAC Address –

(Click to view the MAC address.)

Reset View on Smartphone / SSID/PW

Reset

–

NEX 5R: (Click to reset the remote view.)

NEX 5T: (Click to execute smartphone connection

SSID and password reset.)

Reset Network Settings –

(Click to reset the network settings.)

Airplane Mode (NEX 5T only) On

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 120
7   Specifications and Settings

Battery charger settings

When the charger power on, it displays the following parameters for the battery:

l LiPo manual

l C:5.0A 6000mAh

WARNING – Always check that the settings on the charger are correct before charging the battery. Incorrect

charger settings may result in damage to the battery, severe burning and fire hazards.

If the settings are incorrect, correct them using the steps below:

1. To change the battery type, press and hold the Prog/Mode key for two seconds. Repeat the

button press until the charger screen shows “LiPo manual” or “LiIo manual” or “LiFe manual”.

2. Briefly press the Prog/Mode key (for less than two seconds).

3. To change the lithium type, press the DEC or INC key until the lithium type is set to “LiPo”.

4. To change the voltage per cell, press the Enter/Start key and then press the DEC or INC key

until the voltage is set to “4.20V/C”.

5. Briefly press the Prog/Mode key (for less than two seconds).

6. In the main screen, the “C:x.xA” entry is blinking. Press the DEC or INC key until it shows "5.0".

7. To change the battery capacity, press the Enter/Start key and then press the DEC or INC key

until the battery capacity is set to "6000mAh".

Your charger is now set and should show:

l LiPo manual

l C:5.0A 6000mAh

UX5 battery safety

The following information has been provided by the manufacturer of the UX5 battery. You should

familiarize yourself with the information in this section so that you know how to look after the

battery and can take fast, appropriate safety action ifrequired.

This section contains the following:

l Hazards identification, page 122

l First aid measures, page 124

l Fire fighting measures, page 124

l Accidental release measures, page 125

l Handling and storage, page 125

l Exposure controls and personal protection, page 127

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 121
7   Specifications and Settings

l Physical and chemical properties, page 127

l Stability and reactivity, page 127

l Toxicological information, page 128

l Disposal considerations, page 128

l Transportation information, page 128

Hazards identification

Emergency overview

l Do not open or disassemble.

l Do not expose to fire or open flame.

l Do not mix with batteries of varying sizes, chemistries or types.

l Do not puncture, deform incinerate or heat above 85 °C (185 °F).

Potential health effects

The materials contained in this battery may only represent a hazard if the integrity of the battery is

compromised or if the battery is physically or electrically abused.

(1) Physical:

The Lithium ion polymer rechargeable batteries described in this Material Safety Data Sheet are

sealed units which are not hazardous when used according to the recommendations of the

Manufacturer.

Under normal conditions of use, the solid electrode materials and liquid electrolyte they contain are

non-reactive provided the battery integrity is maintained and seals remain intact.

Risk of exposure is only in case of abuse (mechanical, thermal, electrical) leading to the activation of

safety valves and/or the rupture of the battery containers. Electrolyte leakage, electrode materials

reaction with moisture/water or battery vent/explosion/fire may follow, depending upon the

circumstances.

(2) Chemical:

Classification of dangerous substances contained into the product as per directive 67/548/EEC:

Substance Melting point Boiling

point

Classification

CAS no. Chemical

symbol

Exposure

limit

Indication

of danger

Special

risk (1)

Safety

advice (2)

473894-38-1

182442-95-1

LiCoO2

LiMnNiCoO2

>1000 °C N/A 0.1mg/m3

as Co

1.0mg/m3

R22

R43

S2 S22

S24 S26

S36

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 122
7   Specifications and Settings

as Ni

OSHA

EC: 96-49-1

EMC:

623-53-0

Organic

solvents (EC–

EMC)

EC: 38 °C (100 °F)

EMC: 4 °C (39 °F)

EC: 243 °C

(469 °F)

EMC:

90 °C (194

°F)

None

established

OSHA

Flammable R21

R22

R41

R42/43

S2 S24

S26 S35

S37 S45

21324-40-3 LiPF6 N/A (decomposes at

160 °C (320 °F))

N/A None

established

OSHA

Irritant

Corrosive

R14

R21

R22

R41

R43

S2 S8 S22

S24 S26

S36 S37

S45

(1) – Nature ofspecial risks:

R14 Reacts with water

R21 Harmful in contact with skin

R22 Harmful ifswallowed

R41 Risk ofserious damage to the eye

R42/43 May cause sensitization by inhalation and skin contact

R43 May cause sensitization by skin contact

(2) – Safety advice:

S2 Keep out ofreach from children

S8 Keep away from moisture

S22 Do not breathe dust

S24 Avoid contact with skin

S26 In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical

Protective clothing

S36 Wear suitable protective clothing

S37 Wear suitable gloves

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 123
7   Specifications and Settings

First aid measures

In case of battery rupture or explosion, evacuate personnel from contaminated area and provide

maximum ventilation to clear out fumes/gases.

In all cases where first aid is applied, seek medical attention.

Eye contact

l Flush with plenty of water (eyelids held open) for at least 15 minutes.

Skin contact

l Remove all contaminated clothing and flush affected areas with plenty of water and soap for at

least 15 minutes.

l Do not apply greases or ointments.

Ingestion

l Dilute by giving plenty of water and get immediate medical attention.

l Make sure that the victim does not aspirate vomited material by use of positional drainage.

l Make sure that mucus does not obstruct the airway.

l Do not give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.

Inhalation

l Remove to fresh air and ventilate the contaminated area.

l Give oxygen or artificial respiration if needed.

Fire fighting measures

Fire and explosion hazard

The battery can leak and/or spout vaporized or decomposed and combustible electrolyte fumes in

case of exposure above 70 °C (158 °F)resulting from inappropriate use or the environment.

Cells or batteries may flame or leak potentially hazardous organic vapors if exposed to excessive

heat or fire. Fire, excessive heat, or over voltage conditions may produce hazardous decomposition

products.

Damaged or opened cells or batteries can result in rapid heating and the release of flammable

vapors.

Vapors may be heavier than air and may travel along the ground or be moved by ventilation to an

ignition source and flash back

Fire, excessive heat, or over voltage conditions may produce hazardous decomposition products.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 124
7   Specifications and Settings

Use a positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus if batteries are involved in a fire. Full

protective clothing is necessary. During water application, caution is advised as burning pieces of

flammable particles may be ejected from the fire.

Extinguishing media

Suitable: CO2

Dry chemical or foam extinguishers

Not to be used: Type D extinguishers

Special exposure hazards

Following cell overheating due to externalsource or due to improper use, electrolyte leakage or

battery container rupture may occur and release inner component/material in the environment.

Eye

contact:

The electrolyte solution contained in the battery is irritant to ocular tissues.

Skin

contact:

The electrolyte solution contained in the battery causes skin irritation.

Ingestion: The ingestion of electrolyte solution causes tissue damage to throat and

gastro/respiratory tract.

Inhalation: Contents of a leaking or ruptured battery can cause respiratory tract, mucus,

membrane irritation and edema.

Special protective equipment

Use self-contained breathing apparatus to avoid breathing irritant fumes.

Wear protective clothing and avoid body contact with electrolyte solution.

Accidental release measures

The material contained within the batteries would only be expelled under abusive conditions.

Using shovel or broom, cover battery or spilled substances with dry sand or vermiculite, place in

approved container (after cooling if necessary) and dispose in accordance with local regulations.

Handling and storage

The batteries should not be opened, destroyed or incinerated since they may leak or rupture and

release in the environment the ingredients they contain.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 125
7   Specifications and Settings

Handling

Batteries are designed to be recharged. However, improperly charging a cell or battery may cause

the cell or battery to flame.

Use only approved chargers and procedures.

Never disassemble a battery or bypass any safety device.

Do not crush, pierce, short (+) and (-) battery terminals with conductive (i.e. metal) goods.

Do not directly heat or solder.

Do not throw into fire.

Do not mix batteries of different types and brands.

Do not mix new and used batteries.

Keep batteries in non conductive (i.e. plastic) trays.

Storage

Do not store batteries above 60 °C (140 °F) or below -20 °C (-4 °F).

Store batteries in a cool (below 30 °C/86 °F)), dry area that is subject to little temperature change.

Elevated temperatures can result in reduced battery service life.

Battery exposure to temperatures in excess of 130 °C (266 °F) will result in the battery venting

flammable liquid and gases.

Batteries should be separated from other materials and stored in a noncombustible, well ventilated,

sprinkler-protected structure with sufficient clearance between walls and battery stacks.

Do not store batteries in a manner that allows terminals to short circuit.

Extended short-circuiting creates high temperatures in the cell. High temperatures can cause burns

in skin or cause the cell to flame.

Avoid reversing battery polarity within the battery assembly. To do so may cause cell to flame or to

leak.

Do not place batteries near heating equipment, nor expose to direct sunlight for long periods.

Other

Follow manufacturers recommendations regarding maximum recommended currents and

operating temperature range. Applying pressure on deforming the battery may lead to disassembly

followed by eye, skin and throat irritation.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 126
7   Specifications and Settings

Exposure controls and personal protection

No engineering controls are required for handing batteries that have not been damaged.

Respiratory

protection:

Not necessary under normal use.

In case of battery rupture, use self contained full-face respiratory

equipment.

Hand protection: Not necessary under normal use.

Use gloves if handling a leaking or ruptured battery.

Eye protection: Not necessary under normal use.

Wear safety goggles or glasses with side shields if handling a leaking or

ruptured battery.

Skin protection: Not necessary under normal use.

Use rubber protective working in case of handling of a ruptured battery.

Physical and chemical properties

Temperature range:

Continuous Occasional

In storage +30 °C (86 °F) max. -20 to +60 °C (-4 to +140 °F)

During discharge -20 to +60 °C (-4 to +140 °F) -20 to +60 °C (-4 to +140 °F)

During charge 0 to +45 °C (+32 to 113 °F) 0 to +45 °C (+32 to 113 °F)

Stability and reactivity

Conditions to avoid

Heat above 60 °C (140 °F) or incineration.

Deform, mutilate, crush, pierce, disassemble

Short circuit

Prolonged exposure to humid conditions.

Materials to avoid

N/A

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 127
7   Specifications and Settings

Hazardous decomposition products

Fire, excessive heat, or over voltage conditions may produce hazardous decomposition products.

Toxicological information

1. Irritancy: The electrolytes contained in this battery can irritate eyes with any contact.

Prolonged contact with the skin or mucous membranes may cause irritation.

2. Sensitization: No information is available at this time.

3. Carcinogenicity: No information is available at this time.

4. Reproductive toxicity: No information is available at this time.

5. Teratogenicity: No information is available at this time.

6. Mutagenicity: No information is available at this time.

Disposal considerations

Dispose in accordance with applicable regulations which vary from country to country.

(In most countries, the trashing of used batteries is forbidden and the end-users are invited to

dispose them properly, eventually through not-for-profit profit organizations, mandated by local

government or organized on a voluntary basis by professionals).

Batteries should be completely discharged prior to disposal and / or the terminals taped or capped

to prevent short circuit.

When completely discharged it is not considered hazardous.

This product does not contain any materials listed by the United Stated EPA as requiring specific

waste disposal requirements.

These are exempted from the hazardous waste disposalstandards under Universal Waste

Regulations. Disposal of large quantities of Lithium-lon batteries or cells may be subject to Federal,

State, or Local regulations.

Consult your local, state and provincial regulations regarding disposal of these batteries.

Transportation information

United Nations

UN No.: 3480

Classification: No

Individual Lithium-polymer cells and battery packs with respectively not more than 20Wh (Cell) and

100Wh (Battery) of watt-hours are not restricted for transport.

(5.0 Ah of Nominal Capacity: 5.0Ah x 3.7V = 18.5Wh)

Packing

Packing Instructions 965 for Air Transport

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 128
7   Specifications and Settings

IMDG for Sea Transport

International conventions

Air IATA Yes

Sea IMDG Yes

Land ADR (road) Yes

RID (Rail) Yes

Other

In the USA Code of Federal Regulations (49 CFR Ch. 1 § 173-185)

Special packaging information

Cells and batteries must be packed in inner packaging that completely encloses the cell or battery.

Cells and batteries must be protected to avoid short circuits.

Each package must be capable of withstanding a 1.2 m (4 ft) drop test in any orientation without:

1. Damage to cells or batteries contained within the packaging;

2. Shifting of the contents allowing battery to battery contact; and

3. Release of contents.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 129
7   Specifications and Settings

Special shipping information

This battery has been tested to Section 38.3 of ‘UN Manual of Tests and Criteria’. The amount of

Lithium contained in these batteries is below the limits set by the DOT in Section 49CFR173 and

IATA. These can be shipped with the following label:

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 130
Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 131

A P P E N D I X A

Country-Specific Regulatory Information

n FAA conditions and limitations of

operation

n French airspace requirements
A   Country-Specific Regulatory Information

FAA conditions and limitations of operation

The United States of America Department of Transportation Federal Aviation Authority (FAA) has

granted Exemption No. 11110 for operation of Trimble unmanned aviation systems for the purpose

of precision aerialsurveys in the United States.

Failure to comply with any of the conditions and limitations of this grant of exemption will be

grounds for the immediate suspension or rescission of this exemption.

The conditions and limitations of this grant of exemption are as follows:

1. Operations authorized by this grant of exemption are limited to the following aircraft described

in the operator’s manual which is a fixed-wing aircraft weighing less than 6 pounds: Trimble

Navigation Limited UX5 UAS. Proposed operations of any other aircraft will require a new

petition or a petition to amend this grant.

2. The UA may not be flown at an indicated airspeed exceeding 74.5 knots.

3. The UA must be operated at an altitude of no more than 400 feet above ground level (AGL), as

indicated by the procedures specified in the operator’s manual. All altitudes reported to ATC

must be in feet AGL.

4. The UA must be operated within visual line ofsight (VLOS) of the PIC at all times. This requires

the PIC to be able to use human vision unaided by any device other than corrective lenses, as

specified on the PIC’s FAA-issued airman medical certificate.

5. All operations must utilize a visual observer (VO). The VO may be used to satisfy the VLOS

requirement as long as the PIC always maintains VLOS capability. The VO and PIC must be able

to communicate verbally at all times. The PIC must be designated before the flight and cannot

transfer his or her designation for the duration of the flight. The PIC must ensure that the VO

can perform the functions prescribed in the operator’s manual.

6. Provided the additional requirements identified in these conditions and limitations are added

or amended, the operator’s manual is considered acceptable to the FAA. The operator’s

manual and this grant of exemption must be maintained and made available to the

Administrator upon request. If a discrepancy exists between the conditions and limitations in

this exemption and the procedures outlined in the operator’s manual, the conditions and

limitations herein take precedence and must be followed. Otherwise, the operator must follow

the procedures as outlined in its operator’s manual.

The operator may update or revise its operator’s manual. It is the operator’s responsibility to

track such revisions and present updated and revised documents to the Administrator upon

request. The operator must also present updated and revised documents if it petitions for an

extension or amendment of this exemption. If the operator determines that any update or

revision would affect the basis upon which the FAA granted this exemption, then the operator

must petition for amendment to its exemption. The FAA’s UAS Integration Office (AFS-80) may

be contacted if questions arise regarding updates or revisions to the operator’s manual.

7. Prior to each flight the PIC must inspect the UAS to ensure it is in a condition for safe flight. If

the inspection reveals a condition that affects the safe operation of the UAS, the aircraft is

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 132
A   Country-Specific Regulatory Information

prohibited from operating until the necessary maintenance has been performed and the UAS is

found to be in a condition for safe flight. The Ground Control Station must be included in the

preflight inspection. All maintenance and alterations must be properly documented in the

aircraft records.

8. Any UAS that has undergone maintenance or alterations that affect the UAS operation or flight

characteristics, e.g. replacement of a flight critical component, must undergo a functional test

flight in accordance with the operator’s manual. The PIC who conducts the functional test flight

must make an entry in the UAS aircraft records of the flight. The requirements and procedures

for a functional test flight and aircraft record entry must be added to the operator’s manual.

9. The preflight inspection section in the operator’s manual must be amended to include the

following requirement: The preflight inspection must account for all discrepancies, i.e.

inoperable components, items, or equipment, not covered in the relevant preflight inspection

sections of the operator’s manual.

10. The operator must follow the manufacturer’s UAS aircraft/component, maintenance, overhaul,

replacement, inspection, and life limit requirements, with particular attention to flight critical

components that may not be addressed in the manufacturer’s manuals.

11. Trimble must carry out its maintenance, inspections, and record keeping requirements in

accordance with the operator’s manual. Maintenance, inspection, and alterations must be

noted in the aircraft logbook, including total flight hours, description of work accomplished,

and the signature of the authorized UX5 technician returning the UX5 to service.

12. UX5 technicians must receive and document training referenced in the operator’s manual.

13. Each UAS operated under this exemption must comply with all manufacturer System and

Safety Bulletins.

14. Trimble UX5 maintenance personnel must make a record entry in the UAS logbook or

equivalent document of the corrective action taken against discrepancies discovered between

inspections.

15. The PIC must possess at least a private pilot certificate and a third-class airman medical

certificate. The PIC must also meet the flight review requirements specified in 14 CFR 61.56 in an

aircraft in which the PIC is rated on his or her pilot certificate.

16. Prior to operating for hire, the PIC must have completed Trimble’s five-day UX5 Training

Syllabus as outlined in the Safety Checklist. The Training Manual must also be updated to

reflect the specific five day Training Syllabus presented by Trimble. The Training Manual

specifies the minimum flight and skill requirements for the Remote Pilot, Instructor Pilot and

Examiner. Those Manuals and records of those requirements must be documented and made

available upon request by the Administrator. Those minimum flight requirements are repeated

here as conditions and limitations:

Remote pilot [PIC]

l Minimum 2 flights on the UX5 as a remote pilot during the Type Rating module

l Minimum 2 flights on the UX5 as visual observer during the Type Rating module

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 133
A   Country-Specific Regulatory Information

l When failed:Minimum 4 flights on the UX5 for the failed part

Instructor pilot

l A minimum of 25 flights and 4 hours where:

l The flights occurred on 4 different calendar days.

l Two long endurance flights that last near the maximum permissible endurance (40

min for operations conducted under this exemption) or have a minimum duration of

45 min for previously logged flights or flights not conducted under this exemption (per

the Trimble operation’s manual).

l One flight with a minimum measured wind speed of 30 kph (18.64mph). If the wind

speed cannot be measured, you can provide proof from METAR as close as 25km

from the weather station.

l One flight with a minimum programmed leg distance of 1 km (if possible by CAA

regulations, otherwise as long as possible.)

l 11 flights with a different selected height where:

l 2 flights are at the minimum height

l 2 flights are at the maximum allowable height

Examiner

l 100 flights and 20 hours (regardless of aircraft type) or as approved by a team of

examiners.

Prior documented flight experience that was obtained in compliance with applicable regulations

may satisfy this requirement. Training, proficiency, and experience-building flights can also be

conducted under this grant of exemption to accomplish the required flights and flight time.

17. If the UAS loses communications or loses its GPS signal, the UA must return to a predetermined location within the private or controlled-access property and land or be recovered

in accordance with the operator’s manual.

18. The PIC must abort the flight in the event of unpredicted obstacles or emergencies in

accordance with the operator’s manual.

19. The PIC is prohibited from beginning a UX5 flight unless (considering wind and forecast weather

conditions) there is enough power to fly to the first point of intended landing and, assuming

normal cruising speed, to fly after that for at least 10 minutes.

20. The operator must obtain an Air Traffic Organization (ATO) issued Certificate of Waiver or

Authorization (COA) prior to conducting any operations under this grant of exemption. This

COA will also require the operator to request a Notice to Airman (NOTAM) not more than 72

hours in advance, but not less than 48 hours prior to the operation.

21. All aircraft operated in accordance with this exemption must be identified by serial number,

registered in accordance with 14 CFR part 47, and have identification (N-Number) markings in

accordance with 14 CFR part 45, Subpart C. Markings must be as large as practicable.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 134
A   Country-Specific Regulatory Information

22. Before conducting operations, the radio frequency spectrum used for operation and control of

the UA must comply with the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) or other appropriate

government oversight agency requirements.

23. The documents required under 14 CFR 91.9 and 91.203 must be available to the PIC at the

Ground Control Station of the UAS any time the aircraft is operating. These documents must be

made available to the Administrator or any law enforcement official upon request.

24. The UA must remain clear and yield the right of way to all other manned operations and

activities at all times (including, but not limited to, ultralight vehicles, parachute activities,

parasailing activities, hang gliders, etc.).

25. The UAS may not be operated by the PIC from any moving device or vehicle.

26. UAS operations may not be conducted during night, as defined in 14 CFR 1.1.

27. All operations shall be conducted in Class G airspace.

28. All operations must be conducted under visual meteorological conditions (VMC). The UA may

not be operated less than 500 feet below or less than 2,000 feet horizontally from a cloud or

when visibility is less than 3 statute miles from the PIC.

29. During operations in Class G airspace, the UA may not operate within 5 nautical miles of the

geographic center of an airport as denoted on a current FAA-published aeronautical chart

unless a letter of agreement with that airport’s management is obtained, and the operation is

conducted in accordance with a NOTAM as required by the operator’s COA. The letter of

agreement with the airport management must be made available to the Administrator upon

request.

30. The UA may not be operated over congested or densely populated areas. These areas include

but are not limited to the yellow areas depicted on World Aeronautical Charts (WAC), Sectional

Aeronautical Charts (Sectionals), or Terminal Area Charts (TAC). However, aeronautical charts

may not reflect pertinent local information. Ultimately, it is the PIC’s responsibility to maintain

the minimum safe altitudes required by § 91.119.

31. Operation of the UA must be conducted at least 500 feet from all nonparticipating persons,

vessels, vehicles, and structures.

32. Operations of the UA may be conducted at distances less than 500 feet from participating

persons, vessels, vehicles or structures that perform an essential function in connection with

these special purpose operations. Operations closer than 500 feet from the PIC, VO, operator

trainees and essential persons, are permitted when operationally necessary; but never so close

as to present an undue hazard, per § 91.119(a).

33. Operations of the UA may be conducted at distances less than 500 feet from unoccupied

vessels, vehicles or structures owned by the land owner/controller when the land

owner/controller grants such permission and the PIC makes a safety assessment of the risk

from operations closer to these objects.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 135
A   Country-Specific Regulatory Information

34. All operations shall be conducted over private or controlled-access property with permission

from the land owner/controller or authorized representative. Permission from land

owner/controller or authorized representative will be obtained for each flight to be conducted.

35. Any incident, accident, or flight operation that transgresses the lateral or vertical boundaries of

the operational area as defined by the applicable COA must be reported to the FAA’s UAS

Integration Office (AFS-80) within 24 hours. Accidents must be reported to the National

Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) per instructions contained on the NTSB Web site:

www.ntsb.gov.

Unless otherwise specified in the list of conditions and limitations above, the unmanned aircraft

system (UAS), pilot in command (PIC), and operator must comply with all applicable parts of Title 14,

Code of Regulations (14 CFR) including, but not limited to, parts 45, 47, 61, and 91.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 136
  Glossary

Glossary

aerial imaging

rover

The UX5 aerial imaging rover is a type of unmanned aircraft specifically

designed for aerial photogrammetry.

aerial photo

station

An aerial photo station is created each time an aerial photo is taken

during a flight. It defines a point and includes raw sensor values

(orientation and tilt), coordinate data, and an image.

aeronautical

information

publication

A manual containing thorough details ofregulations, procedures and

other information pertinent to flying aircraft in the particular country to

which it relates. It is usually issued by or on behalf of the respective civil

aviation administration.

AIP See aeronautical information publication.

avoidance zone Avoidance zones are used in the mission map to indicate areas that the

unmanned aircraft must not fly over, such as airports and forbidden

airspace.

block Contained within a mission, a block is intended to cover a single polygonal

area on the earth's surface. A mission contains one or more blocks. A

block is defined by a flight plan.

CAA Civil Aviation Authority.

cross wind A wind that blows from a sideways direction.

elevon The movable flap on the back edge of each wing. The elevons move up

and down to create uneven lift, which controls the aircraft's rolling and

banking movement.

flight The motion of the aircraft through the earth's atmosphere. The main part

of the flight records aerial photo station images of one or more blocks.

One flight can stretch over multiple blocks, depending on the area

parameters.

flight plan A set of parameters that defines the proper flight path the unmanned

aircraft must follow during a single flight. Parameters include the desired

altitude of the side image overlap. A mission can include one or more

blocks, each of which is defined by a flight plan.

flight strategy Pre-defined sequence of flight lines that can be set per block.

GCP See ground control point.

GCS See ground controlstation.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 137
  Glossary

georeference The act of positioning an object at its true location (using two or more

coordinates) in 2D or 3D space. Georeferencing is used, for example, to

position an aerial photograph accurately in relation to other objects in a

project.

georeferenced

image

A photo taken from a ground- or aerial-based station that includes

overlaid point coordinate data. See also georeference.

ground control

point

An accurately surveyed coordinate location for a physical feature that can

be identified on the ground and is used to georeference images.

ground control

station

The ground controlstation (GCS) is used to control the unmanned aircraft

from the ground. It comprises the Trimble Tablet running the Trimble

Aerial Imaging software. A modem is connected to the Tablet to enable

radio communication to the aerial imaging rover. Although the

unmanned aircraft flies following a preprogrammed flight plan, you need

the GCS to manage the unmanned aircraft before, during, and after the

flight.

ground sample

distance

In the Aerial Imaging software, the ground sample distance (GSD) is the

distance on the ground represented by each pixel. The GSD and the

height at which the aircraft flies are linked. The higher the unmanned

aircraft flies, the larger the distance on the ground represented by each

pixel in the images acquired during the flight.

GSD See ground sample distance.

head wind A wind that blows from the direction that the aircraft is flying toward.

height The height above the ground that the unmanned aircraft flies. The rover

does not begin taking photographs until it reaches the height specified for

the flight.

IATA International Air Transport Association

ICAO International Civil Aviation Authority

launch The process ofreleasing the rover from the launcher. Launch immediately

preceeds takeoff.

launch dock The platform that rests on the launcher. The unmanned aircraft sits on

the launch dock. The launch dock moves forward along the launcher at

speed when the unmanned aircraft is launched.

launcher The launcher is a mechanical device that provides a safe way to launch the

unmanned aircraft in the direction of takeoff.

METAR A routine aviation weather report issued at hourly or half-hourly intervals.

It is a description of the meteorological elements observed at an airport at

a specific time.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 138
  Glossary

mission An interconnected series of aerial photo station images recorded with an

unmanned aircraft system (UAS) that are intended to be processed as a

single unit and used for surveying purposes. A mission can include one or

more blocks that cover a single polygonal area to be flown over at a

defined overlap and GSD.

mission area A single polygonal area that defines the geographical area to be

photographed at a defined overlap and GSD during one or more flights.

NOTAM A notice filed with an aviation authority to alert aircraft pilots of potential

hazards along a flight route or at a location that could affect the safety of

the flight. The term NOTAM is commonly used rather than the more

formal term Notice to Airmen.

photogrammetry The use of photography in surveying and mapping to make

measurements between objects.

pitot tube The sensor used by the aircraft to detect airspeed. It must be kept clean

and free of obstructions to operate correctly.

remote pilot

station

The station at which the remote pilot manages the flight of an unmanned

aircraft.

remotely-piloted Control of an aircraft from a pilot station which is not on board the

aircraft.

remotely-piloted

aircraft

An aircraft where the flying pilot is not on board the aircraft. This is a

subcategory of unmanned aircraft.

remotely-piloted

aircraft system

A set of configurable elements consisting of a remotely-piloted aircraft, its

associated remote pilot station(s), the required command and control

links and any other system elements as may be required at any point

during flight operation.

RPA See remotely-piloted aircraft.

RPA observer A remote crew member who, by visual observation of the remotelypiloted aircraft, assists the remote pilot in the safe conduct of the flight.

RPAS See remotely-piloted aircraft system.

scan area A polygonal area on the earth's surface where aerial images are recorded.

segregated

airspace

Airspace ofspecified dimensions allocated for exclusive use to a specific

user(s).

TAF See terminal aerodrome forecast.

tail wind A wind that blows from the opposite direction to the direction that the

aircraft is flying toward.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 139
  Glossary

takeoff The initial ascent of the unmanned aircraft. Takeoff immediately follows

launch.

terminal

aerodrome

forecast

A terminal aerodrome forecast (TAF) is a concise statement of the

expected meteorological conditions at an airport during a specified period

(usually 24 or 30 hours).

tiepoint A point in a digital image or aerial photograph that represents the same

location in an adjacent image or aerial photograph. Tie points are used to

correctly orient aerial photo stations to each other and reference them to

the ground based on autonomous GNSS positions recorded when the

photo images are taken.

tracker The tracker consists of a transmitter inserted in the body of the

unmanned aircraft and a receiver. Ifrequired, the receiver is used to track

the transmitter signalso the unmanned aircraft can be located once it has

landed.

UA See unmanned aircraft.

UAS See unmanned aircraft system.

unmanned aircraft An aircraft which is intended to operate with no pilot on board. See also

unmanned aircraft system (UAS).

unmanned aircraft

system

An aircraft and its associated elements which are operated with no pilot

on board.

visual line-of-sight

operation

An operation in which the remote crew maintains direct visual contact

with the aircraft to manage its flight.

waypoint A waypoint is a point between major points on a route, as along a track.

In terms of the Aerial Imaging software, a waypoint is located at the

beginning and end of each flight line in the scan area.

winglet The extreme edge of the wing.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 140
Summary and Explanation for 

Exemption under Section 333 

Summary 

GDA Engineers seeks exemption from the requirements of C.F.R. §§ 61.113(a), 

91.7(a), 91.119(c), 91.121, 91.151(a)(1), 91.405(a), 91.407(a)(1), 91.409(a)(1) & (a)(2), and 

91.417(a) & (b), to operate an Unmanned Aircraft System pursuant to Section 333 of the FAA 

Modernization and Reform Act of 2012 (FMRA). This exemption will permit GDA Engineers to 

operate an Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) for the commercial purpose of conducting aerial 

acquisition and research within the National Airspace System (NAS). 

 
Information and Purpose 

 Graham, Dietz, and Associates DBA GDA Engineers (hereinafter referred to as “GDA”), 

is a surveying, planning and engineering consulting firm headquartered in Cody, Wyoming. 

GDA has been in business since 1953 and undertake engineering challenges with a core focus on 

specific markets such as: the petroleum industry, federal and state government projects, mining 

and natural resources, industrial and commercial operations, and infrastructure. GDA provides 

services, such as: aviation surveying, planning and engineering, civil surveying and engineering, 

environmental studies, and private and public land survey. 

 As set forth in this Petition, GDA seeks to commercially operate its Trimble UX5 UAS 

within the NAS for the purpose of conducting aerial acquisitions and research. 

The Specific Sections of 14 C.F.R. 

From Which GDA Seeks Exemption

1. GDA Seeks Exemption from the Requirements of Section 61.113(a) and (b) 

Section 61.113, entitled Private pilot privileges and limitations: Pilot in 

command, subsections (a) prescribes the following, in part: 

(a) No person who holds a private pilot certificate may act as a pilot in command (PIC) of 

an aircraft that is carrying passengers or property for compensation or hire; nor may that 

person, for compensation or hire, act as PIC of an aircraft. 

2. GDA Seeks Exemption from the Requirements of Section 91.7(a) 

Section 91.7, entitled Civil aircraft airworthiness, subsection (a), states the 

following: 

(a) No person may operate a civil aircraft unless it is in an airworthy condition. 

 

3. GDA Seeks Exemption from the Requirements of Section 91.119(c) 

Section 91.119(c), entitled Minimum safe altitudes: (c) Over other than congested 

areas, states the following, in part: 

Except when necessary for takeoff or landing, no person may operate an aircraft 

below the following altitudes: 
(c) Over other than congested areas. An altitude of 500 feet above the surface, except 

over open water or sparsely populated areas. In those cases, the aircraft may not be 

operated closer than 500 feet to any person, vessel, vehicle, or structure. 

 

4. GDA Seeks Exemption from the Requirements of Section 91.121 

Section 91.121, entitled Altimeter settings, subsection (a), states the following, in 

relevant part: 

(a) Each person operating an aircraft shall maintain the cruising altitude or flight level of 

that aircraft, as the case may be, by reference to an altimeter that is set, when operating-- 

(1) Below 18,000 feet MSL, to-- 

 

(i) The current reported altimeter setting of a station along the route and within 100 

nautical miles of the aircraft; 

(ii) If there is no station within the area prescribed in paragraph (a)(1)(i) of this 

section, the current reported altimeter setting of an appropriate available station; or 

(iii)In the case of an aircraft not equipped with a radio, the elevation of the departure 

airport or an appropriate altimeter setting available before departure; 

5. GDA Seeks Exemption from the Requirements of Section 91.151(a)

Section 91.151, entitled Fuel requirements for flight in VFR conditions, 

subsection (a)(1), states the following: 

(a) No person may begin a flight in an airplane under VFR conditions unless 

(considering wind and forecast weather conditions) there is enough fuel to fly to the 

first point of intended landing and, assuming normal cruising speed-- 

(1) During the day, to fly after that for at least 30 minutes; or 

(2) At night, to fly after that for at least 45 minutes. 

6. GDA Seeks Exemption from the Requirement of Section 91.405(a) 

Section 91.405, entitled Maintenance required, subsection (a), states the 

following: 
Each owner or operator of an aircraft— 

(a) Shall have that aircraft inspected as prescribed in subpart E of this part and shall 

between required inspections, except as provided in paragraph (c) of this section, 

have discrepancies repaired as prescribed in part 43 of this chapter[.] 

 

7. GDA Seeks Exemption from the Requirements of Section 91.407(a)(1) 

Section 91.407, entitled Operation after maintenance, preventive maintenance, 

rebuilding, or alteration, subsection (a)(1), states the following: 

(a) No person may operate any aircraft that has undergone maintenance, preventive 

maintenance, rebuilding, or alteration unless-- 

(1) It has been approved for return to service by a person authorized under § 43.7 of 

this chapter[.] 

 

8. GDA Seeks Exemption from the Requirements of Sections 91.409(a)(1) And 

91.409(a)(2) 

Section 91.409, entitled Inspections, subsection (a), states the following: 

(a) Except as provided in paragraph (c) of this section, no person may operate an 

aircraft unless, within the preceding 12 calendar months, it has had -- 

(1) An annual inspection in accordance with part 43 of this chapter and has been 

approved for return to service by a person authorized by § 43.7 of this chapter; or 

(2) An inspection for the issuance of an airworthiness certificate in accordance with 

part 21 of this chapter. 

 

9. GDA Seeks Exemption from the Requirements of Sections 91.417(a) And 91.417(b)

Section 91.417, entitled Maintenance records, subsections (a) and (b), state the 

following: 

(a) Except for work performed in accordance with §§ 91.411 and 91.413, each registered 

owner or operator shall keep the following records for the periods specified in paragraph 

(b) of this section: 

(1) Records of the maintenance, preventive maintenance, and alteration and records of 

the 100-hour, annual, progressive, and other required or approved inspections, as 
appropriate, for each aircraft (including the airframe) and each engine, propeller, 

rotor, and appliance of an aircraft. The records must include— 

(i) A description (or reference to data acceptable to the Administrator) of the work 

performed; and 

(ii) The date of completion of the work performed; and 

(iii) The signature, and certificate number of the person approving the aircraft for 

return to service. 

(2) Records containing the following information: 

(i) The total time in service of the airframe, each engine, each propeller, and each 

rotor. 

(ii) The current status of life-limited parts of each airframe, engine, propeller, rotor, 

and appliance. 

(iii) The time since last overhaul of all items installed on the aircraft which are 

required to be overhauled on a specified time basis. 

(iv) The current inspection status of the aircraft, including the time since the last 

inspection required by the inspection program under which the aircraft and its 

appliances are maintained. 

(v) The current status of applicable airworthiness directives (AD) and safety 

directives including, for each, the method of compliance, the AD or safety 

directive number and revision date. If the AD or safety directive involves 

recurring action, the time and date when the next action is required. 

(vi) Copies of the forms prescribed by § 43.9(d) of this chapter for each major 

alteration to the airframe and currently installed engines, rotors, propellers, and 

appliances. 

(b) The owner or operator shall retain the following records for the periods prescribed: 

(1) The records specified in paragraph (a)(1) of this section shall be retained until the 

work is repeated or superseded by other work or for 1 year after the work is 

performed. 

(2) The records specified in paragraph (a)(2) of this section shall be retained and 

transferred with the aircraft at the time the aircraft is sold. 
(3) A list of defects furnished to a registered owner or operator under § 43.11 of this 

chapter shall be retained until the defects are repaired and the aircraft is approved for 

return to service. 

The Extent of Relief GDA Seeks and 

the Reason GDA Seeks the Relief 

1. Extent of Relief GDA Seeks and the Reason GDA Seeks Relief from Section 

61.113(a)

Relief from Section 61.113(a), entitled Private pilot privileges and limitations: Pilot in 

command, is requested to the extent necessary to allow a PIC holding a private pilot certificate 

and an airman medical certificate, and who has completed the Trimble UX5 UAS training 

requirements, to conduct the proposed UAS flight operations for compensation. This relief is 

requested since the limitation set forth in Section 61.113(a) states that no person who holds a 

private pilot certificate may act as pilot in command of an aircraft that is carrying passengers or 

property for compensation or hire; nor may that person, for compensation or hire, act as pilot in 

command of an aircraft. 

 GDA agrees that an equivalent level of safety will be maintained because no PIC will be 

allowed to operate the Trimble UX5 unless that PIC has met certain flight-hour requirements. 

The PIC will demonstrate the ability to safely operate the Trimble UX5 UAS in a manner 

consistent with the operations specifications as set forth herein, including evasive and emergency 

maneuvers, as well as maintaining appropriate distances from people, vessels, vehicles and 

structures. 

 Further, GDA proposes that the additional airmanship experience of a commercially 

certified pilot would be unnecessary for the GDA’s specific proposed operations. 

2. Extent of Relief GDA Seeks and the Reason GDA Seeks Relief from Section 91.7(a)

 Relief from Section 91.7(a), entitled Civil aircraft airworthiness, is requested to the 

extent required to allow GDA to determine that the Trimble UX5 UAS is in an airworthy 

condition prior to every flight by ensuring that the UAS is in compliance with the Trimble UX5 
Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide and Maintenance, attached as Appendix B and C, 

respectively. 

 GDA seeks the requested relief because the Trimble UX5 UAS does not require an 

airworthiness certificate in accordance with 14 C.F.R. Part 21, Subpart H. Therefore, GDA will 

ensure that the Trimble UX5 UAS is in an airworthy condition based upon its compliance with 

the operating documents prior to every flight, and as stated in the conditions and limitations 

(Appendix D). 

3. Extent of Relief GDA Seeks and the Reason GDA Seeks Relief from Section 

91.119(c) 

 Relief from Section 91.119(c), entitled Minimum safe altitudes: (c) Over other than 

congested areas, is required because all proposed operations of the Trimble UX5 UAS will take 

place at an altitude at or below 400 feet AGL. The relief is requested since the limitations set 

forth in Section 91.119(c) state that no person may operate an aircraft below 500 feet above the 

surface. As set forth more fully below, GDA submits that a level of safety equivalent to Section 

91.119(c) will be maintained because operations will be conducted in areas with controlled 

access and GDA will operate the Trimble UX5 UAS under the safety provisions contained 

within this petition and the Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solutions operating documents. 

 Additionally, relief from Section 91.119(c) is requested to the extent necessary to allow 

operations to be conducted closer than 500 feet to persons, vessels, vehicles, or structures. This 

relief is requested since the limitations set forth in Section 91.119(c) prohibit operating an 

aircraft closer than 500 feet to a person, vessel, vehicle, or structure. As set forth more fully 

below, GDA submits an equivalent level of safety will be maintained because operations closer 

than 500 feet to a person, vessel, vehicle, or structure will first require that the operator receive 

permission from any nonparticipating persons or the person who owns/controls the property. 

4. Extent of Relief GDA Seeks and the Reason GDA Seeks Relief from Section 91.121 

 Relief from Section 91.121, entitled Altimeter settings, may be required to allow flight 

operations of the Trimble UX5 UAS, because the UAS’s altitude reporting equipment may be set 

on the ground to a pressure level of zero feet AGL, rather than local barometric pressure or field 

altitude, before each flight. The Trimble UX5 UAS uses GPS equipment, and radio 
communications to transmit altitude information from the UAS to the PIC at the ground control 

station (GCS). 

 Considering the limited altitude of the proposed operations, relief from 14 C.F.R. § 91.121 is 

sought to the extent necessary to comply with the applicable conditions and limitations stated 

below. As more fully set forth herein, a level of safety equivalent to Section 91.121 will be 

ensured as the altitude of the Trimble UX5 UAS will be reported to air traffic control (ATC) in 

feet above ground level (AGL), and GDA will operate the UAS within visual line of sight, at or 

below 400 feet AGL. 

5. Extent of Relief GDA Seeks and the Reason GDA Seeks Relief from Section 

91.151(a)(1)

 Relief from Section 91.151(a)(1) is requested to the extent required to allow flights of the 

battery powered Trimble UX5 UAS during daylight hours in visual flight rules (VFR) conditions 

to continue for a total duration of 35 minutes, with 10 minutes of battery power remaining. GDA 

seeks the requested relief because without an exemption from Section 91.151(a)(1), the flight 

time duration of the battery powered Trimble UX5 UAS will be reduced to 20 minutes, which 

would eliminate the practicality of any aerial acquisition and research operations that GDA 

proposes to conduct pursuant to this Petition. 

 The technical specifications, operating documents, and proposed operating limitations for the 

Trimble UX5 UAS, ensure that GDA will safely operate the battery powered UAS during 

daylight hours in VFR conditions for a total duration of 35 minutes, with 10 minutes of battery 

power remaining (i.e., 20 percent remaining). 

6. Extent of Relief GDA Seeks and the Reason GDA Seeks Relief from Sections 

91.405(a), 91.407(a)(1), 91.409(a)(1) & (a)(2), and 91.417(a) & (b) 

 Since Sections 91.405(a), 91.407(a)(1), 91.409(a)(1) & (a)(2), and 91.417(a) & (b) only 

apply to aircraft with an airworthiness certificate, GDA requests relief from these Sections 

because the Trimble UX5 UAS does not require an airworthiness certificate. As set forth more 

fully below, the Trimble UX5 UAS meets the conditions of Section 333 for operation without an 

airworthiness certificate. GDA will use technicians to perform maintenance, alterations, or 

preventive maintenance on the unmanned aircraft system using the methods, techniques, and 
practices prescribed in the manufacturer’s maintenance manual. Furthermore, GDA will 

document and maintain all maintenance records for the Trimble UX5 UAS. 

The Reasons Why Granting GDA’s Request 

Would Be in the Public Interest

 Granting the present Petition will further the public interest by allowing GDA to safely, 

efficiently, and economically perform aerial acquisitions and research within the NAS, 

commercially, in support of government entities, mining and natural resources, industrial and 

commercial entities, the petroleum industry, and the country’s infrastructure. Additionally, use of 

the Trimble UX5 UAS will decrease congestion of the NAS, reduce pollution, and provide 

significant benefits to the economy. The benefits of the proposed operation of the Trimble UX5 

UAS will be realized without implicating any privacy issues. 

1. The Public Will Benefit from the Aerial Acquisition and Research Performed

 GDA submits this Petition to commercially operate the Trimble UX5 UAS and perform 

aerial acquisition and research within the NAS, in support of government entities, mining and 

natural resources, industrial and commercial entities, the petroleum industry, and the country’s 

infrastructure. The Trimble UX5 UAS will provide safe, efficient, and economical aerial 

acquisition and research operations to further each of these fields, all of which are critical to the 

well-being of the general public. 

 The specific operations that GDA will perform with the Trimble UX5 UAS demonstrate 

how the requested exemption will directly benefit the above-referenced industries and the public. 

In operations involving infrastructure, the aerial acquisition performed by the Trimble UX5 UAS 

will be used to preview possible sites for construction projects and provide precise topographic 

information about selected sites. In mining, natural resources, and the petroleum industry, the 

Trimble UX5 UAS will be used to surveying and planning new worksites, volumetric analysis, 

and performing right of way analysis. The Trimble UX5 UAS will also further environmental 

management by aiding in identifying, developing, and transporting scarce water resources. 
2. The Public Will Benefit from Decreased Congestion Of The NAS

 The Trimble UX5 UAS is battery powered and serves as a safe, efficient, and economical 

alternative to the manned aircraft traditionally utilized to obtain aerial imagery. By reducing the 

amount of manned aircraft needed to perform aerial acquisitions, an exemption allowing the use 

of a Trimble UX5 UAS would reduce the amount of manned aircraft in the NAS, reduce noise 

and air pollution, as well as increase the safety of life and property in the air and on the ground. 

 Furthermore, by reducing the number of manned aircraft operating in the NAS, 

congestion around airports caused by arriving and departing aircraft will be reduced. The 

Trimble UX5 UAS does not require an airport to takeoff or land. Likewise, a reduction of 

manned aircraft conducting aerial survey missions would result in fewer aircraft that must be 

handled by air traffic control during the ground, takeoff, departure, arrival, and landing phases of 

flight operations. 

3. The Public Will Benefit from the Safety and Efficiency of the Trimble UX5 UAS

 Conducting aerial acquisitions with the Trimble UX5 UAS, instead of manned aircraft, 

will greatly benefit the public by drastically reducing the levels of air and noise pollution 

generated during traditional aerial survey flight operations. By using battery power and electric 

motors, the Trimble UX5 UAS produces no air pollution, and is the most viable environmentally 

conscious alternative to the cabin class, six cylinder internal combustion twin engine aircraft that 

are typically utilized for aerial acquisitions, while burning approximately 20-30 gallons per hour 

of leaded aviation fuel. The Trimble UX5 UAS, while reducing the carbon footprint of aerial 

acquisitions, also eliminates noise pollution, as its battery powered electric motors produce lower 

levels of noise then a single engine aircraft. 

 By using the Trimble UX5 UAS to perform aerial acquisitions, the substantial risk to life 

and property in the air and on the ground, which is usually associated with traditional manned 

aircraft flight operations, will be substantially reduced or completely eliminated. Aside from the 

lack of aircrew members located onboard the aircraft, the Trimble UX5 UAS (weighing 

approximately 5.5 pounds with a wingspan of 39.4 inches and no fuel on board), has less 

physical potential for collateral damage to life and property on the ground, and in the air, 

compared to the manned aircraft that typically conduct aerial acquisitions (weighing 
approximately 6,500 pounds with a wingspan of approximately 40 feet, a length of 34 feet, and a 

fuel capacity of 180 gallons). 

4. Performing Aerial Acquisition Operations With the Trimble UX5 UAS Will Benefit 

The Economy

 In addition to being safe and efficient, the Trimble UX5 UAS is also an economical 

alternative to using manned aircraft to conduct aerial acquisitions. As such, operation of the 

Trimble UX5 UAS will allow companies like GDA, to remain competitive and contribute to 

growth of the U.S. economy. Specifically, with the rising cost of aviation fuel and the 

Environmental Protection Agency (“EPA”) regulatory actions phasing out leaded fuels, U.S. 

owned and operated companies must adopt new and alternative technology in order to remain 

competitive. Operating the battery powered Trimble UX5 UAS will allow companies greater 

operational flexibility compared to manned aircraft, but provides such flexibility without the 

high operational cost of a traditional manned aircraft. 

By operating the Trimble UX5 UAS, companies such as GDA can remain competitive 

and profitable, and therefore provide greater job stability to employees and contractors, which 

will ultimately contribute to growth of the U.S. economy. Improved financial performance of 

U.S. companies, through commercial use of the Trimble UX5 UAS, provides a stable workforce 

that increases consumer spending; improves local, state, and federal tax revenues; and allows 

companies to invest in research and development in order to remain competitive. 

5. There Are No Privacy Issues

Like the manned aerial acquisition flight operations that have been conducted for 

decades, the proposed operation of the Trimble UX5 UAS will not implicate any privacy issues. 

Specifically, the Trimble UX5 UAS will be operated in accordance with operating limitations set 

forth herein and the Federal Aviation Regulations, including the minimum altitude requirements 

of 14 C.F.R. § 91.119. Most significantly, the Trimble UX5 UAS will not be operated closer 

than 500 feet to any person, vessel, vehicle, or structure, which is not directly involved in the 

operation unless certain conditions are met. 

Further reinforcing the protection of privacy, the Trimble UX5 will be used to fly a preplanned route where the UAS will fly autonomously while the PIC and Observer monitor the 
airspace within the area. The Trimble UX5 will diverge from this flight path only in the event of 

identifying a hazard or emergency whereby the UAS will be instructed to conduct an immediate 

landing at a predesignated location.

The Reasons Why Granting The Exemption 

Would Not Adversely Affect Safety 

1. Reasons Why the Trimble UX5 UAS Meets the Conditions of the FAA 

Modernization and Reform Act of 2012 (FMRA) Section 333 

 In consideration of the size, weight, speed, and limited operating area associated with the 

unmanned aircraft and its operation, GDA’s operation of the Trimble UX5 UAS meets the 

conditions of FMRA Section 333, and will not require an airworthiness certificate in accordance 

with 14 C.F.R. Part 21, Subpart H. 

 Section 333 provides authority for UAS to operate without airworthiness certification and 

sets forth requirements for considering whether a UAS will create a hazard to users of the NAS 

or the public, or otherwise pose a threat to national security. 

 In seeking this exemption, GDA submits that the Trimble UX5 UAS can operate safely in 

the NAS pursuant to FMRA Section 333, as demonstrated by: (a) the characteristics of the 

Trimble UX5 UAS; (b) the private pilot certification requirement; and (c) the specific operating 

limitations. 

 a. The Specifications of the Trimble UX5 UAS Demonstrate Its Safe Characteristics

The Trimble UX5 UAS does not create a hazard to users of the NAS or the public, or 

otherwise pose a threat to national security considering its size, weight, speed, and operational 

capability. 

 
i. Technical Specifications of the Trimble UX5 UAS

PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATIONS

• Maximized image footprint without compromising resolution, obtained with

 a custom wide-angle lens and APSC-type sensor.

• Maximized coverage per flight and per hour due to large image footprint,

 sharp turning capability and high cruise speed.

• Reversed thrust technology for a short and steep landing circuit.

• Powerful propulsion system for steep climbs and high altitude flights.

• High airframe service life due to wing robustness and maintainability.

• Short setup time with automated procedures in Trimble Access field software.

• Self-check and failsafe procedures for safe operation.

• One-button export to Trimble Business Center to create deliverables.

• Optimized data accuracy when processed with Trimble Business Center.

HARDWARE

Type. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fixed wing

Weight. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.5 kg (5.51 lb)

Wingspan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 m (3.28 ft)

Wing area. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 dm

Dimensions. . . . . . . . . 100 cm x 65 cm X 10.5 cm (39.37 in x 25.59 in x 4.13 in)

Material. . . . . . . . . . . . . EPP foam; Carbon frame structure; Composite elements

Propulsion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Electric pusher propeller; brushless 700 W motor

Battery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.8 V, 6000 mAh

Camera. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 MP mirrorless APSC with custom 15 mm lens

Controller. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trimble Tablet Rugged PC

SOFTWARE

Trimble Access Aerial Imaging application

• Project management

• Mission planning with option for multiple flights

• Automated pre-flight checks

• Automatic take off, flight and landing

• Autonomous camera triggering

• Automated fail-safe routines

• User controlled fail-safe commands

• Automated data consistency checks

• Export to Trimble Business Center and a generic format for image processing
ii. The Trimble UX5 UAS Autonomous Flight And Navigation Modes 

Enable the UAS to Remain within a Defined Operational Area

 The UX5 has a semi-autonomous navigation and control system comprised of a Ground 

Control Station (GCS) and auto-pilot system. All flights are pre-programmed with GPS guidance 

and do not require human intervention. Flight mission area and routing cannot be changed after 

launch. Flights are not directed by positive manual control, nor are evasive maneuvers. In the 

case of unplanned events, the operator inputs pre-programmed evasive maneuvers from the 

control unit and the control unit executes that maneuver. Pre-programmed operator interventions 

include diversion to the right; initiation of holding at present position; suspension of mission; fly 

back to launch point; fly to point and hold; abort mission and land; and emergency power cut off 

and land (Flight Termination System). 

iii. The Trimble UX5 UAS is Designed for Complete Autonomy from Launch 

to Landing Even In The Unlikely Event Of Loss of the Control Link Or 

Navigation

OPERATION

Endurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 minutes

Range. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 km (37.28 mi)

Cruise speed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 kmh (50 mph)

Maximum ceiling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5000 m (16,404 ft)

Pre-flight system setup time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 minutes

Take off

 Type. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Catapult launch

 Angle. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 degrees

Landing

 Type. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Belly landing

 Angle. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 degrees

Landing space (L x W)2

 Typical. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 m x 6 m (66 ft x 20 ft)

 Recommended. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 m x 30 m (164 ft x 98 ft)

Weather limit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 kmh (40.39 mph) and light rain

Communication & control frequency. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4 GHz (FHSS)

Communication & control range. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Up to 5 km (3.10 mi)

ACQUISITION PERFORMANCE

Resolution (GSD). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.0 cm to 19.5 cm (.79 in to 7.67 in)

Height above take-off location (AGL). . . . . . . 75 m to 750 m (246 ft to 2,460 ft)
Although a degradation or loss of the control link, and/or degradation or loss of the 

source of navigation, is unlikely, it is a situation that is well planned for and therefore, is a 

benign event. The Trimble UX5 UAS is designed for complete autonomy from launch to landing 

with a line of sight operator in the loop monitoring the airframe. Automated safety functions and 

safety enhancing features of the UX5 include the following: 

 Auto-pilot detection of lost GPS or of insufficient satellites initiates an immediate 

spiral landing. 

 Low power on the aircraft triggers escalating alarms at GCS at 35% and 10% 

levels. 

 If the auto-pilot detects a lost-link to the GCS for longer than 30 seconds, landing 

procedure begins. 

 The UX5 is inherently unstable, so auto-pilot fail will result in very rapid exit 

from flight. 

 Aircraft has an on-board failsafe that limits speed in the event of dive to 

approximately 14 m/s. 

 The aircraft, weighing less than 6 lbs., fully loaded, is constructed of EPP foam, 

or similar material which is intended to absorb impact energy. 

 The motor is driven by a pulse width modulated signal, not an analog signal. 

iv. Mobile Operation of The Trimble UX5 UAS

The Trimble UX5 UAS will not be operated in a mobile capacity. All deployments and 

operations of the UAS will be from a stationary position. The only mobility involving the use of 

the Trimble UX5 will be in acquisition of the UAS and relocation of the catapult launcher. 

b. Flight Operations of the Trimble UX5 UAS are Limited to the Line Of Sight 

of A Certificated Private Pilot in Command with a Safety Observer

GDA will only utilize certificated Private Pilots who possess a valid airman medical 

certificate to act as a pilot in command of the Trimble UX5 UAS. Additionally, a safety 

observer will assist all pilots during flight operations. Additionally, both the pilot in 

command and safety observer must complete the Trimble Operators Course and be tested to 
ensure knowledge of the functions and operations of the UAS. The training will be conducted 

at Frontier Precision, a licensed seller and certifier of the Trimble UX5 UAS, located in 

Denver, CO. 

c. Flights will Be Conducted Pursuant to Specific Operating Limitations. 

In seeking this exemption, GDA proposes to commercially operate the Trimble UX5 

UAS for the special purpose of conducting aerial acquisitions within the NAS, pursuant to the 

specific operating limitations set by the FAA for Trimble Navigation Limited. The limitations 

have been attached as Appendix D. 

2. Reasons Why an Exemption from the Requirements of Section 61.113(a) Would Not 

Adversely Affect Safety 

GDA submits that an equivalent level of safety established by Section 61.113(a) will be 

maintained because no PIC will be allowed to operate the Trimble UX5 UAS unless that PIC has 

demonstrated, through the Trimble UX5 UAS training, that the PIC is able to safely operate the 

UAS in a manner consistent with this exemption, including evasive and emergency maneuvers 

and maintaining appropriate distances from people, vessels, vehicles and structures. 

Considering GDA’s proposed area of operations and the operating limitations (Appendix 

D); unlike a conventional aircraft that carries a pilot, passengers, and cargo, the Trimble UX5 

UAS in this case is remotely controlled with no passengers or property of others on board. 

Commercial certification would be unnecessary and not improve the capabilities of the PIC for 

the operation of the Trimble UX5 UAS beyond the private pilot certification and Trimble UX5 

UAS training. 

 Additionally, the FAA has previously granted relief from Section 61.113(a), specific to 

UAS, in circumstances similar, in all material respects, to those presented herein (e.g. Exemption 

Nos. 11062, 11063, 11064, 11065, 11066, 11067, 11080, 11109, 11110, 11112, 11136, 11138, 

11150, 11153, 11156, 11158, 11159, 11160, 11161, 11170, 11171, 11172, 11174, 11176, 11177, 

11178, 11185, 11188, 11189, 11191, 11192, 11193, 11194, 11195, 11204, 11206, 11208, 

11209). 
3. Reasons Why An Exemption from the Requirements of Section 91.7(a) Would Not 

Adversely Affect Safety

The level of safety established by Section 91.7(a) will be maintained because prior to 

every flight, GDA will ensure that the Trimble UX5 UAS is in an airworthy condition and safe 

for flight based upon the Trimble UX5 UAS’s compliance by conducting a pre-flight check 

before each operation and following its operating documents (i.e., the Trimble UX5 Aerial 

Imaging Solution User Guide, and the Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution Maintenance 

Guide) and as stated in the conditions and limitations. 

Additionally, the FAA has previously granted relief from Section 91.7(a), specific to 

UAS, in circumstances similar, in all material respects, to those presented herein (e.g. Exemption 

Nos. 11062, 11063, 11064, 11065, 11066, 11067, 11080, 11109, 11110, 11112, 11136, 11138, 

11150, 11153, 11156, 11157, 11158, 11159, 11160, 11161, 11166, 11167, 11170, 11171, 11172, 

11174, 11177, 11178, 11185, 11188, 11189, 11191, 11192, 11193, 11194, 11195, 11204, 11206, 

11208, 11209). 

4. Reasons Why An Exemption From The Requirements Of Section 91.119(c) Would Not 

Adversely Affect Safety 

Section 91.119 establishes safe altitudes for operation of civil aircraft. Specifically, 

91.119(c) limits aircraft flying over areas other than congested areas to an altitude of 500 feet 

above the surface, except over open water or sparsely populated areas. In those cases, the aircraft 

may not be operated closer than 500 feet to any person, vessel, vehicle, or structure. 

As set forth herein, the UX5 will never operate at higher than 400 feet AGL. It will, 

however, be operated to avoid congested or populated areas that are depicted in yellow on VFR 

sectional - 5 - charts. Because aerial survey work must be accomplished at relatively low 

altitudes and at altitudes less than 500 feet AGL, an exemption from Section 91.119(c) is needed. 

The equivalent level of safety will be achieved given the size, weight, speed, and material 

with which the UX5 is built. Also, no flight will be taken without the permission of the land 

owner or those who control the land. Because of the advance notice to the landowner, all 

affected individuals will be aware of the survey flights. Compared to aerial survey operations 
conducted with aircraft or rotorcraft weighing far more than 5.5 lbs. and carrying flammable 

fuel, any risk associated with these operations will be far less than those currently allowed with 

conventional aircraft operating at or below 500 feet AGL. Indeed, the low-altitude operations of 

the UAS will maintain separation between these small-UAS operations and the operations of 

conventional aircraft that must comply with Section 91.119. 

The FAA has previously granted relief from Section 91.119(c) specific to UAS, in 

circumstances similar, in all material respects, to those presented herein (e.g. Exemption Nos. 

11062, 11063, 11064, 11065, 11066, 11067, 11080, 11109, 11110, 11111, 11112, 11114, 11136, 

11138, 11150, 11153, 11156, 11157, 11158, 11159, 11160, 11161, 11166, 11167, 11170, 11171, 

11172, 11174, 11176, 11177, 11178, 11184, 11185, 11188, 11189, 11191, 11192, 11193, 11194, 

11195, 11204, 11206, 11208, 11209). 

5. Reasons Why an Exemption from the Requirements of Section 91.121 Would Not 

Adversely Affect Safety 

 The equivalent level of safety established by Section 91.121 will be maintained because 

the altitude of the Trimble UX5 UAS will be reported to air traffic control (ATC) in feet above 

ground level (AGL), and GDA will operate the UAS within visual line of sight, at or below 400 

feet AGL. Furthermore, the altitude information of the Trimble UX5 UAS will be provided to 

the PIC via the GPS equipment, and radio communications which transmits altitude information 

to the control system. Prior to each flight, a zero altitude initiation point is established at ground 

level. 

 The FAA has previously granted relief from Section 91.121 specific to UAS, in 

circumstances similar, in all material respects, to those presented herein (e.g. Exemption Nos. 

11062, 11063, 11064, 11065, 11066, 11067, 11080, 11109, 11112, 11136, 11138, 11150, 11153, 

11156, 11157, 11158, 11159, 11160, 11161, 11166, 11167, 11170, 11171, 11174, 11176, 11177, 

11178, 11185, 11188, 11189, 11191, 11192, 11193, 11194, 11195, 11204, 11206, 11208, 

11209). 

 
6. Reasons Why an Exemption from the Requirements of Section 91.151(a) Would Not 

Adversely Affect Safety 

This regulation prohibits an individual from beginning “a flight in an airplane under VFR 

conditions unless (considering wind and forecast weather conditions) there is enough fuel to fly 

to the first point of intended landing and, assuming normal cruising speed – (1) During the day, 

to fly after that for at least 30 minutes; or (2) At night, to fly after that for at least 45 minutes.” 

 The UX5 batteries provide approximately 50 minutes of powered flight. Without an 

exemption from § 14 CFR 91.151, the UAS’s flights would be limited to approximately 20 

minutes in length. Given the limitations on its proposed operations and the location of those 

proposed operations, a longer time frame for flight in daylight VFR conditions is reasonable. 

 GDA believes that an exemption from 14 CFR § 91.151(a) is safe and within the scope of 

a prior exemption. Operating the small UAS, without 30 minutes of reserve fuel does not 

engender the type of risks that Section 91.151(a) was meant to prevent given the size and speed 

at which the UAS operates. The fact that it carries no pilot, passenger, or cargo also enhances its 

safety. Additionally, limiting UX5 flights to 20 minutes would greatly reduce their utility. In the 

unlikely event that the UX5 should run out of fuel, it would simply land. Given its weight and 

construction material, the risks are less than contemplated by the current regulation. 

GDA believes that an equivalent level of safety can be achieved by maintaining 10 

minutes of reserve fuel (battery power), which, allowing 40 minutes of flight time, would be 

more than adequate to return the UAS to its planned landing zone from anywhere in its operating 

area. Due to the loss of utility and difficulty of maintaining line of sight of the Trimble UX5 

UAS, GDA will not operate the UAS during nighttime operations. 

The FAA has previously granted relief from Section 91.151, specific to UAS, in 

circumstances similar, in all material respects, to those presented herein (e.g. Exemption Nos. 

8811, 10808, 10673, 11042, 11062, 11063, 11064, 11065, 11066, 11067, 11080, 11109, 11110, 

11136, 11138, 11150, 11153, 11156, 11157, 11158, 11159, 11160, 11161, 11166, 11167, 11170, 

11171, 11172, 11174, 11176, 11177, 11178, 11185, 11188, 11189, 11191, 11192, 11193, 11194, 

11195, 11204, 11206, 11208, 11209). 

 
7. Reasons Why An Exemption From The Requirements Of Sections 91.405(a), 

91.407(a)(1), 91.409(a)(1) & (a)(2), And 91.417(a) & (b) Would Not Adversely Affect Safety

Section 91.405(a) requires that an aircraft operator or owner “shall have that aircraft 

inspected as prescribed in subpart E of this part and shall between required inspections, except as 

provided in paragraph (c) of this section, have discrepancies repaired as prescribed in part 43 of 

this chapter . . . .” Section 91.407 similarly makes reference to requirements in Part 43; Section 

91.409(a)(2) requires an annual inspection for the issuance of an air worthiness certificate. 

Section 91.417(a) requires the owner or operator to keep records showing certain maintenance 

work that has been accomplished by certificated mechanics, under Part 43, or licensed pilots and 

records of approval of the aircraft for return to service. 

Maintenance of the UX5 will be accomplished by the owner/operator pursuant to the 

manuals, such as Exhibit 3, provided by Trimble. An equivalent level of safety will be achieved 

because the UAS is small in size, will carry no external payload, will operate only in restricted 

predetermined areas and is not a complex mechanical devise. As provided in the attached 

Maintenance Manual and the Safety Checklist, which were reviewed as part of Trimble’s SAC 

application, the operator of UX5 will ensure that the UAS is in working order prior to initiating 

flight, perform required maintenance, and keep a log of any maintenance that is performed. 

Moreover, the operator is the person most familiar with the aircraft and is best suited to maintain 

the aircraft in an airworthy condition and to ensure an equivalent level of safety. 

The UX5’s Maintenance Manual provides for replacement of the airframe every 50 hours 

of flight. This will ensure an equivalent level of safety to the maintenance requirements in Part 

91. In addition, between such air frame replacements, should a mechanical issue arise, the 

aircraft will either return to its launch site or immediately land. 

The FAA has previously granted relief specific to UAS in circumstances similar, in all 

material respects, to those presented herein (e.g. Exemption Nos. 11062, 11063, 11064, 11065, 

11066, 11067, 11080, 11109, 11110, 11112, 11136, 11138, 11150, 11153, 11156, 11157, 11158, 

11159, 11160, 11161, 11166, 11167, 11170, 11171, 11172, 11174, 11176, 11177, 11178, 11185, 

11188,11189, 11191, 11192, 11193, 11194 ,11195, 11204, 11206, 11208, 11209). 

 
A Summary That Can Be Published in 

The Federal Register, stating:

 The Rules From Which GDA Seeks Exemption: 

GDA Engineers seeks exemption from the requirements of 14 C.F.R. Sections 61.113(a), 

91.7(a), 91.119(c), 91.121, 91.151(a)(1), 91.405(a), 91.407(a)(1), 91.409(a)(1) & (a)(2), 

and 91.417(a) & (b). 

 

A Brief Description Of The Nature Of The Exemption GDA Seeks: 

This exemption will permit GDA Engineers to commercially operate an Unmanned 

Aircraft System (UAS) for the purpose of conducting aerial acquisitions and research 

within the National Airspace System (NAS). 

 
Appendix A – Trimble UX5 Unmanned Aircraft 

System Data Sheet 

 
Appendix B – Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging 

Solution User Guide 

 
Appendix C – Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging 

Solution Maintenance Guide 

 
Appendix D – Conditions and Limitations 

 
Appendix E – Trimble UX5 Launcher Quick Start 

Guide 
MAINTENANCE GUIDE

TRIMBLE UX5 AERIAL

IMAGING SOLUTION

1

Revision C

February 2015
Legal Information

Trimble Navigation Limited

935 Stewart Drive

Sunnyvale, California 94085

U.S.A.

www.trimble.com

Copyright and Trademarks

©2014–2015, Trimble Navigation Limited. Allrights reserved.

Trimble and the Globe and Triangle logo are trademarks of Trimble

Navigation Limited,registered in the United States and in other

countries.

All othertrademarks are the property of theirrespective owners.

For a complete list of allrelevantlegal notices,referto the Trimble UX5

Aerial Imaging SolutionUser Guide.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution Maintenance Guide 2
Contents

Safety 4

1 Introduction 5

Standard UX5 toolkit 6

Orderable parts 6

Removing parts from service 7

2 UX5 maintenance 8

Replacing the servos 9

Replacing the drive unit 17

Replacing a propeller blade 24

Replacing the camera filter 27

Replacing a winglet or winglet screw 29

3 eBox maintenance 32

Checking the pitot tube 33

4 Launcher maintenance 35

Replacing the launcher cord 36

Replacing the wheels of the launcher dock 41

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution Maintenance Guide 3
Safety

WARNING – Before performing maintenance on any part of the UX5 aerial imaging rover, always make sure that

the UX5 battery is disconnected from the aircraft:

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution Maintenance Guide 4
Introduction

n Standard UX5 toolkit

n Orderable parts

n Removing parts from service

The Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution

Maintenance Guide provides instructions for

customer maintenance of the Trimble UX5 aerial

imaging rover and launcher. Customer

maintenance is required to keep the UX5 in good

working order, and to replace parts that are

designed to take the impact of landing, in order

to protect the more expensive parts of the UX5.

Check the UX5 and launcher after each flight to

ensure the equipment is in good working order,

referring to the instructions in the Trimble UX5

Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide. Perform any

maintenance required using the procedures in

this maintenance manual. If you note any issues

not covered in this guide, contact your Trimble

distributor.

Note – All procedures described in this manual

apply exclusively to the Trimble UX5 aerial imaging

rover and launcher.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution Maintenance Guide 5

C H A P T E R 1
1   Introduction

Standard UX5 toolkit

The maintenance procedures in this manual refer to tools provided in the standard UX5 toolkit. You

received the standard UX5 toolkit as part of the UX5 solution components. The standard UX5 toolkit

comprises:

l Torx T10 screwdriver

l Torx T6 screwdriver

These tools should be stored in the flight case.

Orderable parts

Each maintenance procedure lists the orderable parts for that procedure. Some procedures provide

one or more similar parts that can be ordered. Order the part that meets your requirements. The

parts can be ordered from your Trimble distributor.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution Maintenance Guide 6
1   Introduction

Removing parts from service

To ensure scrap parts and non-serviceable parts are removed from service, you must do the

following:

1. As soon as the part is removed from the UX5 aerial imaging rover or launcher, it must be clearly

labeled as a scrap part using the following template:

2. Put the part in quarantine storage until the moment it can be disposed of in a safe and

environmentally responsible way.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution Maintenance Guide 7
UX5 maintenance

n Replacing the servos

n Replacing the drive unit

n Replacing a propeller blade

n Replacing the camera filter

n Replacing a winglet or winglet screw

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution Maintenance Guide 8

C H A P T E R 2
2   UX5 maintenance

Replacing the servos

Note – Trimble recommendsreplacing both servos at the same time.

Orderable parts

Part number (P/N) Description

UX-S00118-01 This part includes:

l 2 x servo assembly, right

l 2 x servo assembly, left

l 8 x Torx T8 self-threading screws

UX-G00190-01 This part includes:

l Torx T8 screwdriver

l Calibrated torque (0.55 Nm) Torx T8 screwdriver

l Ball link pliers

l Spring clamp

Required parts

l 1 x servo assembly, right

l 1 x servo assembly, left

l 4 x Torx T8 self-threading screws

Required tools

l Torx T8 screwdriver, calibrated torque (0.55 Nm) Torx T8 screwdriver, ball link pliers, and spring

clamp (included in P/N UX-G00190-01)

l Torx T6 screwdriver (included in the standard UX5 toolkit)

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution Maintenance Guide 9
2   UX5 maintenance

Steps

WARNING – Before performing maintenance on any part of the UX5 aerial imaging rover, always make sure that

the UX5 battery is disconnected from the aircraft:

1. To disconnect the push rod from the outboard elevon:

a. Position the ball link pliers with the large U-shaped side between the elevon horn and the

push rod.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution Maintenance Guide 10
2   UX5 maintenance

b. Close the pliers and align the extrusion on the inside of the pliers with the screw.

c. Apply force on the pliers until the plastic part of the push rod detaches from the metal ball.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution Maintenance Guide 11
2   UX5 maintenance

2. To remove the bottom servo housing:

a. Turn the UX5 body upside-down.

b. Unscrew the two screws from the bottom servo housing using the Torx T8 screwdriver.

c. Remove the bottom servo housing.

3. To remove the servo assembly from the UX5 body:

a. Gently push the servo from the underside of the wing and out on the topside of the wing.

b. Disconnect the servo connector by pushing down on the locking clip and pulling the two

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution Maintenance Guide 12
2   UX5 maintenance

pieces apart.

c. Clearly mark the removed servo as a scrap item.

4. To connect and insert the new servo assembly:

a. Turn over the UX5 body so that it is right-side-up.

b. Connect the new servo assembly to the electronics of the UX5 body. Make sure the locking

clip is secured.

Note – Make sure the connector clip haslocked correctly in place. The locking clip is essential

for safe operation asit preventsthe connector from coming apart during flight.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution Maintenance Guide 13
2   UX5 maintenance

c. Install the servo assembly into the UX5 body from the upper side, making sure it sits flush

with the wing surface.

5. To position the connector:

a. Turn over the UX5 body so that it is up-side-down.

b. Position the connector so that the wires going into the foam sit tidily inside the opening of

the grey plastic and the wires on the servo side are left free.

CAUTION – Poorly inserted wires might cause damage to the wires. This can lead to mid-air failure,

resulting in damage to the UX5.

6. To close the bottom servo housing:

a. Insert the bottom servo housing in the UX5, making sure that the servo wires are not

squeezed between the two housing parts.

b. Hold the servo in place using the spring clamp. Make sure that the clamp is positioned in

the middle of the servo housing (the middle of a line between the two screws is a good

reference) without obstructing the servo arm.

c. Use the calibrated torque (0.55 Nm) Torx T8 screwdriver to attach the two screws without

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution Maintenance Guide 14
2   UX5 maintenance

tightening them. Finish by tightening first the rear screw and then the front screw.

7. To attach the push rod to the outboard elevon:

a. Position the ball link pliers with the large U-shaped side at the push rod and the small Ushaped side on the other side of the elevon horn.

b. Close the pliers and align the large U-shaped side of the pliers over the plastic part of the

push rod.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution Maintenance Guide 15
2   UX5 maintenance

c. Apply force on the pliers until the plastic part of the push rod attaches to the metal ball.

8. Check the elevon trim. To do this, you must run the flight checklist in the Aerial Imaging

software and perform the Check elevon trim step of the checklist with the new servos.

Note – If required, use the Torx T6 screwdriver to adjust the elevons. The outboard elevon should be

leveled with the inboard elevon (lessthan 1 mm of offset).

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution Maintenance Guide 16
2   UX5 maintenance

Replacing the drive unit

Orderable parts

Part number (P/N) Description

UX-G00165-01 This part comprises:

l 1 x Trimble UX5 drive unit

l 10 x Trimble UX5 drive unit screws, M3x10 Torx SS-A2 locking coated

l 4 metal washers

l 4 plastic washers

UX-G00156-01 This part comprises:

l 1 x Trimble UX5 drive unit

l 10 x Trimble UX5 drive unit screws, M3x10 Torx SS-A2 locking coated

l 4 metal washers

l 4 plastic washers

l 1 x tool – fixed 1.2 Nm torque screwdriver with T10 bit

Required parts

l 1 x Trimble UX5 drive unit

l 3 x Trimble UX5 drive unit screws, M3x10 Torx SS-A2 locking coated

l 3 x metal washers

l 3 x plastic washers

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution Maintenance Guide 17
2   UX5 maintenance

The parts of the drive unit are shown below:

Required tools

l Torx T10 screwdriver (included in the standard UX5 toolkit)

l Fixed 1.2 Nm torque screwdriver with T10 bit

Steps

To watch a video of this procedure, go to http://uas.trimble.com/replace-ux5-drive-unit.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution Maintenance Guide 18
2   UX5 maintenance

WARNING – Before performing maintenance on any part of the UX5 aerial imaging rover, always make sure that

the UX5 battery is disconnected from the aircraft:

1. To remove the eBox from the body of the UX5:

a. Use the Torx T10 screwdriver to remove the screw of the eBox from the body.

b. To remove the eBox, pull the pitot tube holder (do not pull the pitot tube)so that the eBox

pivots around its back.

2. To disconnect the three cable connectors running along the bottom of the eBox bay:

a. Remove the cables from their cable duct.

Note – Do not use sharp toolsto perform this action.

b. For the power cables, pull the connector parts apart. For the signal cable, push down the

clip and then pull the connector parts apart.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution Maintenance Guide 19
2   UX5 maintenance

3. To remove the drive unit from the body:

a. Use the Torx T10 screwdriver to loosen the three screws that attach the motor housing to

the body.

b. Gently push the two capacitors of the motor controller backward through the tail of the

body until the drive unit loosens from the body.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution Maintenance Guide 20
2   UX5 maintenance

c. Remove the drive unit from the body and then mark the drive unit as a scrap part.

4. To attach the new drive unit to the body:

a. Insert the three cables from the new motor controller through the tail of the body into the

eBox bay.

b. Gently pull the red and black power cable further into the eBox bay until the motor

housing slides over the tail of the body. Do not pull on the signal cable.

c. Fasten the motor housing onto the body with the new, coated Torx T10 screws and

washers using the 1.2 Nm torque screwdriver. Make sure that the plastic washer is on the

side of the motor housing. You may need to push the drive unit slightly to align it with the

screw holes.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution Maintenance Guide 21
2   UX5 maintenance

Note – Do not use the old Torx T10 screws and do not use the normal Torx T10 screwdriver. The

1.2 Nm torque screwdrive makes a clicking sound at the moment the screw istightened to the

correct torque setting.

5. To connect the connectors of the three cables running through the eBox bay:

a. Connect the connectors. For the power cables, make sure to connect the black wire to the

black connector and the red wire to the red connector. For the signal cable, make sure the

clip is wellsecured. If the cables are too long at the rear of the eBox bay, push the motor

controller a few millimeters back toward the tail of the body.

b. Insert the cables into their cable duct. The connector of the signal cable fits into the cavity

near the wiring box. Once this is finished the cables in the eBox bay should look like this:

6. Check the following:

The red power cable is connected to the red connector. c

The black power cable is connected to the black connector. c

The signal cable connector is well-secured. c

All cables are inserted into their duct. c

All three screws attaching the motor housing to the body have a metal and plastic

washer and are tightened to the correct torque.

c

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution Maintenance Guide 22
2   UX5 maintenance

7. Insert the eBox again and fasten it to the body using the Torx T10 screwdriver.

8. Go through the flight checklist and make sure the motor is emitting a sound after arming the

UX5. Disarm the UX5 immediately after this check.

WARNING – Do not leave the system armed. Once the system is armed, the motor can start, causing parts

of the UX5 to move. This can cause personal injury and/or damage to objects from moving parts.

9. Scrap the old drive unit and make sure that it does not return to service.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution Maintenance Guide 23
2   UX5 maintenance

Replacing a propeller blade

Note – Trimble recommendsreplacing both propeller blades at the same time.

Orderable parts

Part number (P/N) Description

UX-S00102-01 This part comprises:

l 30 x Trimble UX5 pair of propeller blades

Required parts

l 1 x Trimble UX5 pair of propeller blades

Required tools

l Torx T10 screwdriver (included in the standard UX5 toolkit)

Steps

To watch a video of this procedure, go to

http://uas.trimble.com/replace-ux5-propeller.

WARNING – Before performing maintenance on any part of the UX5 aerial imaging rover, always make sure that

the UX5 battery is disconnected from the aircraft:

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution Maintenance Guide 24
2   UX5 maintenance

1. Use the Torx T10 screwdriver to remove the screw of the propeller blade that you want to

replace.

2. To attach the new propeller blade:

a. Mount the new propeller blade, taking care to correctly position the blade. Confirm that

the white text on the propeller is facing toward the wing.

WARNING – Incorrectly positioned propellers can cause personal injury and/or damage to the UX5.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution Maintenance Guide 25
2   UX5 maintenance

b. Insert the screw into the holder and through the propeller, making sure that the

orientation of the screw is correct. The screw should move from the thin part of the motor

holder to the thicker part (the thicker part has a slit and tread in it).

c. Tighten the screw until you feel a slight resistance to the propeller movement.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution Maintenance Guide 26
2   UX5 maintenance

Replacing the camera filter

Orderable parts

Part number (P/N) Description

UX-S00105-01 This part comprises:

l 20 x Trimble UX5 UV filter

UX-S00119-01 This part comprises:

l 5 x Trimble UX5 yellow-orange filter

Required parts

You will need one of the following parts:

l 1 x Trimble UX5 UV filter

or

l 1 x Trimble UX5 yellow-orange filter

Required tools

No tools are required for this procedure.

Steps

To watch a video of this procedure, go to http://uas.trimble.com/replace-ux5-camera-filter.

WARNING – Before performing maintenance on any part of the UX5 aerial imaging rover, always make sure that

the UX5 battery is disconnected from the aircraft:

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution Maintenance Guide 27
2   UX5 maintenance

1. To remove the filter, unscrew it from the UX5 body.

2. To insert a new filter, screw it into the UX5 body, taking care not to damage the filter thread by

over-tightening it.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution Maintenance Guide 28
2   UX5 maintenance

Replacing a winglet or winglet screw

Note – Trimble recommendsreplacing both winglet screws at the same time.

Orderable parts

Part number (P/N) Description

UX-S00100-01 This part comprises:

l 5 x Trimble UX5 winglet pairs

UX-S00101-01 This part comprises:

l 1000 x Trimble UX5 spare screws for the winglet

Required parts

l 1 x Trimble UX5 winglet

l 2 x Trimble UX5 spare screws for the winglet

Required tools

l Torx T6 screwdriver (included in the standard UX5 toolkit)

Steps

To watch a video of this procedure, go to http://uas.trimble.com/replace-ux5-winglet.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution Maintenance Guide 29
2   UX5 maintenance

WARNING – Before performing maintenance on any part of the UX5 aerial imaging rover, always make sure that

the UX5 battery is disconnected from the aircraft:

1. Use the Torx T6 screwdriver to remove the screws of the winglet that you want to replace.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution Maintenance Guide 30
2   UX5 maintenance

2. To mount the winglet, align the rivet pins into the correct position on the winglet and fasten

the winglet screws without over-tightening them.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution Maintenance Guide 31
eBox maintenance

n Checking the pitot tube

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution Maintenance Guide 32

C H A P T E R 3
3   eBox maintenance

Checking the pitot tube

Orderable parts

Part number (P/N) Description

UX-S00103-01 This part comprises:

l 50 x Trimble UX5 spare pitot tubes

Required parts

l 1 x Trimble UX5 spare pitot tube

Required tools

No tools are required for this procedure.

Steps

To watch a video of this procedure, go to http://uas.trimble.com/replace-ux5-pitot-tube.

WARNING – Before performing maintenance on any part of the UX5 aerial imaging rover, always make sure that

the UX5 battery is disconnected from the aircraft:

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution Maintenance Guide 33
3   eBox maintenance

1. To remove the pitot tube, hold the housing and firmly pull the tube straight out of the housing.

2. Make sure the tube is not damaged or bent.

3. Blow into the tube to make sure nothing is blocking it.

CAUTION – Only blow into the pitot tube after you have removed it from the eBox. Do not blow into the

pitot tube when it is connected to the eBox because this will damage the barometric sensors.

4. To insert the pitot tube, hold the housing and gently push the pitot tube straight into the

housing until it reaches the end of the housing.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution Maintenance Guide 34
Launcher maintenance

n Replacing the launcher cord

n Replacing the wheels of the launcher

dock

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution Maintenance Guide 35

C H A P T E R 4
4   Launcher maintenance

Replacing the launcher cord

Orderable parts

Part number (P/N) Description

UX-S00117-01 This part comprises:

l 2 x Trimble UX5 launcher cord

l 2 x Mounting plate

l 4 x Torx T10 screws

Required parts

l 1 x Trimble UX5 launcher cord

l 1 x mounting plate

l 2 x Torx T10 screws

Required tools

l Torx T10 screwdriver (included in the standard UX5 toolkit)

l Stork pliers (optional tool)

Steps

1. Assemble the launcher, but without installing the launch dock:

For more information, refer to the Trimble UX5 Launcher Quick Start Guide.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution Maintenance Guide 36
4   Launcher maintenance

2. To remove the launcher cord (the elastic and rope) from the launch slide:

a. Lift the release handles in the front of the launcher and then pull the cord out of the launch

slide until the end.

b. To detach the launcher cord, use the Torx T10 screwdriver to remove the two screws of the

mounting plate that holds the end of the rope.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution Maintenance Guide 37
4   Launcher maintenance

3. To insert a new cord in the launch slide: 

a. Insert the end of the rope in the front of the launcher, as shown:

b. Guide the rope through the launch slide until you reach the launch hook at the bottom

end of the launcher.

Note – Take care to correctly route the rope through the plastic parts of the launch slide. Go

through the plastic protection ring in the launch slide.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution Maintenance Guide 38
4   Launcher maintenance

c. Take the end of the rope out of the launcher, guide it downward around the wheel and

then pull it through the launch slide toward the front of the launcher. Make sure the rope

forms two parallel lines without any twists.

d. Guide the rope through the plastic protection system. Use the pliers to push the rope

through the plastic protection ring. Follow the yellow line as shown. Using the pliers, pull

the rope out of the launch slide.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution Maintenance Guide 39
4   Launcher maintenance

e. Position the rope on the slot located on the axis of the wind-up wheel. Fix the new

mounting plate with the two screws using the Torx T10 screwdriver.When both screws are

inserted, tighten them firmly.

Note – Do not to tighten the first screw until you have fixed the second screw. The mounting

plate can bend if there is high tension on one side.

f. To verify everything has been fitted correctly, insert the crank in the launch slide and

tighten the launch cord.

CAUTION – Never launch without the UX5sitting on the dock as it will damage the launch dock. The

design of the launcher takes into account the weight of the UX5 sitting on the launch dock.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution Maintenance Guide 40
4   Launcher maintenance

Replacing the wheels of the launcher dock

Note – Trimble recommendsreplacing all of the launcher dock wheels at the same time.

Orderable parts

Part number (P/N) Description

UX-G00158-01 This part comprises:

l 16 x Launcher dock wheels

l 1 x Tool – T-30 L-wrench

Required parts

l 8 x Launcher dock wheels

Tools

l T30 L-wrench

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution Maintenance Guide 41
4   Launcher maintenance

Steps

For each wheel:

1. Use the Torx T30 L-wrench to remove the screw that runs through the wheel.

2. Remove the wheel.

3. Insert the new wheel, making sure the holes through the wheel and the mounting plates are

aligned.

4. Insert the screw and tighten.

The replaced wheel appears as shown:

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution Maintenance Guide 42
Summary and Explanation for 

Exemption under Section 333 

Summary 

GDA Engineers seeks exemption from the requirements of C.F.R. §§ 61.113(a), 

91.7(a), 91.119(c), 91.121, 91.151(a)(1), 91.405(a), 91.407(a)(1), 91.409(a)(1) & (a)(2), and 

91.417(a) & (b), to operate an Unmanned Aircraft System pursuant to Section 333 of the FAA 

Modernization and Reform Act of 2012 (FMRA). This exemption will permit GDA Engineers to 

operate an Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) for the commercial purpose of conducting aerial 

acquisition and research within the National Airspace System (NAS). 

 
Information and Purpose 

 Graham, Dietz, and Associates DBA GDA Engineers (hereinafter referred to as “GDA”), 

is a surveying, planning and engineering consulting firm headquartered in Cody, Wyoming. 

GDA has been in business since 1953 and undertake engineering challenges with a core focus on 

specific markets such as: the petroleum industry, federal and state government projects, mining 

and natural resources, industrial and commercial operations, and infrastructure. GDA provides 

services, such as: aviation surveying, planning and engineering, civil surveying and engineering, 

environmental studies, and private and public land survey. 

 As set forth in this Petition, GDA seeks to commercially operate its Trimble UX5 UAS 

within the NAS for the purpose of conducting aerial acquisitions and research. 

The Specific Sections of 14 C.F.R. 

From Which GDA Seeks Exemption

1. GDA Seeks Exemption from the Requirements of Section 61.113(a) and (b) 

Section 61.113, entitled Private pilot privileges and limitations: Pilot in 

command, subsections (a) prescribes the following, in part: 

(a) No person who holds a private pilot certificate may act as a pilot in command (PIC) of 

an aircraft that is carrying passengers or property for compensation or hire; nor may that 

person, for compensation or hire, act as PIC of an aircraft. 

2. GDA Seeks Exemption from the Requirements of Section 91.7(a) 

Section 91.7, entitled Civil aircraft airworthiness, subsection (a), states the 

following: 

(a) No person may operate a civil aircraft unless it is in an airworthy condition. 

 

3. GDA Seeks Exemption from the Requirements of Section 91.119(c) 

Section 91.119(c), entitled Minimum safe altitudes: (c) Over other than congested 

areas, states the following, in part: 

Except when necessary for takeoff or landing, no person may operate an aircraft 

below the following altitudes: 
(c) Over other than congested areas. An altitude of 500 feet above the surface, except 

over open water or sparsely populated areas. In those cases, the aircraft may not be 

operated closer than 500 feet to any person, vessel, vehicle, or structure. 

 

4. GDA Seeks Exemption from the Requirements of Section 91.121 

Section 91.121, entitled Altimeter settings, subsection (a), states the following, in 

relevant part: 

(a) Each person operating an aircraft shall maintain the cruising altitude or flight level of 

that aircraft, as the case may be, by reference to an altimeter that is set, when operating-- 

(1) Below 18,000 feet MSL, to-- 

 

(i) The current reported altimeter setting of a station along the route and within 100 

nautical miles of the aircraft; 

(ii) If there is no station within the area prescribed in paragraph (a)(1)(i) of this 

section, the current reported altimeter setting of an appropriate available station; or 

(iii)In the case of an aircraft not equipped with a radio, the elevation of the departure 

airport or an appropriate altimeter setting available before departure; 

5. GDA Seeks Exemption from the Requirements of Section 91.151(a)

Section 91.151, entitled Fuel requirements for flight in VFR conditions, 

subsection (a)(1), states the following: 

(a) No person may begin a flight in an airplane under VFR conditions unless 

(considering wind and forecast weather conditions) there is enough fuel to fly to the 

first point of intended landing and, assuming normal cruising speed-- 

(1) During the day, to fly after that for at least 30 minutes; or 

(2) At night, to fly after that for at least 45 minutes. 

6. GDA Seeks Exemption from the Requirement of Section 91.405(a) 

Section 91.405, entitled Maintenance required, subsection (a), states the 

following: 
Each owner or operator of an aircraft— 

(a) Shall have that aircraft inspected as prescribed in subpart E of this part and shall 

between required inspections, except as provided in paragraph (c) of this section, 

have discrepancies repaired as prescribed in part 43 of this chapter[.] 

 

7. GDA Seeks Exemption from the Requirements of Section 91.407(a)(1) 

Section 91.407, entitled Operation after maintenance, preventive maintenance, 

rebuilding, or alteration, subsection (a)(1), states the following: 

(a) No person may operate any aircraft that has undergone maintenance, preventive 

maintenance, rebuilding, or alteration unless-- 

(1) It has been approved for return to service by a person authorized under § 43.7 of 

this chapter[.] 

 

8. GDA Seeks Exemption from the Requirements of Sections 91.409(a)(1) And 

91.409(a)(2) 

Section 91.409, entitled Inspections, subsection (a), states the following: 

(a) Except as provided in paragraph (c) of this section, no person may operate an 

aircraft unless, within the preceding 12 calendar months, it has had -- 

(1) An annual inspection in accordance with part 43 of this chapter and has been 

approved for return to service by a person authorized by § 43.7 of this chapter; or 

(2) An inspection for the issuance of an airworthiness certificate in accordance with 

part 21 of this chapter. 

 

9. GDA Seeks Exemption from the Requirements of Sections 91.417(a) And 91.417(b)

Section 91.417, entitled Maintenance records, subsections (a) and (b), state the 

following: 

(a) Except for work performed in accordance with §§ 91.411 and 91.413, each registered 

owner or operator shall keep the following records for the periods specified in paragraph 

(b) of this section: 

(1) Records of the maintenance, preventive maintenance, and alteration and records of 

the 100-hour, annual, progressive, and other required or approved inspections, as 
appropriate, for each aircraft (including the airframe) and each engine, propeller, 

rotor, and appliance of an aircraft. The records must include— 

(i) A description (or reference to data acceptable to the Administrator) of the work 

performed; and 

(ii) The date of completion of the work performed; and 

(iii) The signature, and certificate number of the person approving the aircraft for 

return to service. 

(2) Records containing the following information: 

(i) The total time in service of the airframe, each engine, each propeller, and each 

rotor. 

(ii) The current status of life-limited parts of each airframe, engine, propeller, rotor, 

and appliance. 

(iii) The time since last overhaul of all items installed on the aircraft which are 

required to be overhauled on a specified time basis. 

(iv) The current inspection status of the aircraft, including the time since the last 

inspection required by the inspection program under which the aircraft and its 

appliances are maintained. 

(v) The current status of applicable airworthiness directives (AD) and safety 

directives including, for each, the method of compliance, the AD or safety 

directive number and revision date. If the AD or safety directive involves 

recurring action, the time and date when the next action is required. 

(vi) Copies of the forms prescribed by § 43.9(d) of this chapter for each major 

alteration to the airframe and currently installed engines, rotors, propellers, and 

appliances. 

(b) The owner or operator shall retain the following records for the periods prescribed: 

(1) The records specified in paragraph (a)(1) of this section shall be retained until the 

work is repeated or superseded by other work or for 1 year after the work is 

performed. 

(2) The records specified in paragraph (a)(2) of this section shall be retained and 

transferred with the aircraft at the time the aircraft is sold. 
(3) A list of defects furnished to a registered owner or operator under § 43.11 of this 

chapter shall be retained until the defects are repaired and the aircraft is approved for 

return to service. 

The Extent of Relief GDA Seeks and 

the Reason GDA Seeks the Relief 

1. Extent of Relief GDA Seeks and the Reason GDA Seeks Relief from Section 

61.113(a)

Relief from Section 61.113(a), entitled Private pilot privileges and limitations: Pilot in 

command, is requested to the extent necessary to allow a PIC holding a private pilot certificate 

and an airman medical certificate, and who has completed the Trimble UX5 UAS training 

requirements, to conduct the proposed UAS flight operations for compensation. This relief is 

requested since the limitation set forth in Section 61.113(a) states that no person who holds a 

private pilot certificate may act as pilot in command of an aircraft that is carrying passengers or 

property for compensation or hire; nor may that person, for compensation or hire, act as pilot in 

command of an aircraft. 

 GDA agrees that an equivalent level of safety will be maintained because no PIC will be 

allowed to operate the Trimble UX5 unless that PIC has met certain flight-hour requirements. 

The PIC will demonstrate the ability to safely operate the Trimble UX5 UAS in a manner 

consistent with the operations specifications as set forth herein, including evasive and emergency 

maneuvers, as well as maintaining appropriate distances from people, vessels, vehicles and 

structures. 

 Further, GDA proposes that the additional airmanship experience of a commercially 

certified pilot would be unnecessary for the GDA’s specific proposed operations. 

2. Extent of Relief GDA Seeks and the Reason GDA Seeks Relief from Section 91.7(a)

 Relief from Section 91.7(a), entitled Civil aircraft airworthiness, is requested to the 

extent required to allow GDA to determine that the Trimble UX5 UAS is in an airworthy 

condition prior to every flight by ensuring that the UAS is in compliance with the Trimble UX5 
Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide and Maintenance, attached as Appendix B and C, 

respectively. 

 GDA seeks the requested relief because the Trimble UX5 UAS does not require an 

airworthiness certificate in accordance with 14 C.F.R. Part 21, Subpart H. Therefore, GDA will 

ensure that the Trimble UX5 UAS is in an airworthy condition based upon its compliance with 

the operating documents prior to every flight, and as stated in the conditions and limitations 

(Appendix D). 

3. Extent of Relief GDA Seeks and the Reason GDA Seeks Relief from Section 

91.119(c) 

 Relief from Section 91.119(c), entitled Minimum safe altitudes: (c) Over other than 

congested areas, is required because all proposed operations of the Trimble UX5 UAS will take 

place at an altitude at or below 400 feet AGL. The relief is requested since the limitations set 

forth in Section 91.119(c) state that no person may operate an aircraft below 500 feet above the 

surface. As set forth more fully below, GDA submits that a level of safety equivalent to Section 

91.119(c) will be maintained because operations will be conducted in areas with controlled 

access and GDA will operate the Trimble UX5 UAS under the safety provisions contained 

within this petition and the Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solutions operating documents. 

 Additionally, relief from Section 91.119(c) is requested to the extent necessary to allow 

operations to be conducted closer than 500 feet to persons, vessels, vehicles, or structures. This 

relief is requested since the limitations set forth in Section 91.119(c) prohibit operating an 

aircraft closer than 500 feet to a person, vessel, vehicle, or structure. As set forth more fully 

below, GDA submits an equivalent level of safety will be maintained because operations closer 

than 500 feet to a person, vessel, vehicle, or structure will first require that the operator receive 

permission from any nonparticipating persons or the person who owns/controls the property. 

4. Extent of Relief GDA Seeks and the Reason GDA Seeks Relief from Section 91.121 

 Relief from Section 91.121, entitled Altimeter settings, may be required to allow flight 

operations of the Trimble UX5 UAS, because the UAS’s altitude reporting equipment may be set 

on the ground to a pressure level of zero feet AGL, rather than local barometric pressure or field 

altitude, before each flight. The Trimble UX5 UAS uses GPS equipment, and radio 
communications to transmit altitude information from the UAS to the PIC at the ground control 

station (GCS). 

 Considering the limited altitude of the proposed operations, relief from 14 C.F.R. § 91.121 is 

sought to the extent necessary to comply with the applicable conditions and limitations stated 

below. As more fully set forth herein, a level of safety equivalent to Section 91.121 will be 

ensured as the altitude of the Trimble UX5 UAS will be reported to air traffic control (ATC) in 

feet above ground level (AGL), and GDA will operate the UAS within visual line of sight, at or 

below 400 feet AGL. 

5. Extent of Relief GDA Seeks and the Reason GDA Seeks Relief from Section 

91.151(a)(1)

 Relief from Section 91.151(a)(1) is requested to the extent required to allow flights of the 

battery powered Trimble UX5 UAS during daylight hours in visual flight rules (VFR) conditions 

to continue for a total duration of 35 minutes, with 10 minutes of battery power remaining. GDA 

seeks the requested relief because without an exemption from Section 91.151(a)(1), the flight 

time duration of the battery powered Trimble UX5 UAS will be reduced to 20 minutes, which 

would eliminate the practicality of any aerial acquisition and research operations that GDA 

proposes to conduct pursuant to this Petition. 

 The technical specifications, operating documents, and proposed operating limitations for the 

Trimble UX5 UAS, ensure that GDA will safely operate the battery powered UAS during 

daylight hours in VFR conditions for a total duration of 35 minutes, with 10 minutes of battery 

power remaining (i.e., 20 percent remaining). 

6. Extent of Relief GDA Seeks and the Reason GDA Seeks Relief from Sections 

91.405(a), 91.407(a)(1), 91.409(a)(1) & (a)(2), and 91.417(a) & (b) 

 Since Sections 91.405(a), 91.407(a)(1), 91.409(a)(1) & (a)(2), and 91.417(a) & (b) only 

apply to aircraft with an airworthiness certificate, GDA requests relief from these Sections 

because the Trimble UX5 UAS does not require an airworthiness certificate. As set forth more 

fully below, the Trimble UX5 UAS meets the conditions of Section 333 for operation without an 

airworthiness certificate. GDA will use technicians to perform maintenance, alterations, or 

preventive maintenance on the unmanned aircraft system using the methods, techniques, and 
practices prescribed in the manufacturer’s maintenance manual. Furthermore, GDA will 

document and maintain all maintenance records for the Trimble UX5 UAS. 

The Reasons Why Granting GDA’s Request 

Would Be in the Public Interest

 Granting the present Petition will further the public interest by allowing GDA to safely, 

efficiently, and economically perform aerial acquisitions and research within the NAS, 

commercially, in support of government entities, mining and natural resources, industrial and 

commercial entities, the petroleum industry, and the country’s infrastructure. Additionally, use of 

the Trimble UX5 UAS will decrease congestion of the NAS, reduce pollution, and provide 

significant benefits to the economy. The benefits of the proposed operation of the Trimble UX5 

UAS will be realized without implicating any privacy issues. 

1. The Public Will Benefit from the Aerial Acquisition and Research Performed

 GDA submits this Petition to commercially operate the Trimble UX5 UAS and perform 

aerial acquisition and research within the NAS, in support of government entities, mining and 

natural resources, industrial and commercial entities, the petroleum industry, and the country’s 

infrastructure. The Trimble UX5 UAS will provide safe, efficient, and economical aerial 

acquisition and research operations to further each of these fields, all of which are critical to the 

well-being of the general public. 

 The specific operations that GDA will perform with the Trimble UX5 UAS demonstrate 

how the requested exemption will directly benefit the above-referenced industries and the public. 

In operations involving infrastructure, the aerial acquisition performed by the Trimble UX5 UAS 

will be used to preview possible sites for construction projects and provide precise topographic 

information about selected sites. In mining, natural resources, and the petroleum industry, the 

Trimble UX5 UAS will be used to surveying and planning new worksites, volumetric analysis, 

and performing right of way analysis. The Trimble UX5 UAS will also further environmental 

management by aiding in identifying, developing, and transporting scarce water resources. 
2. The Public Will Benefit from Decreased Congestion Of The NAS

 The Trimble UX5 UAS is battery powered and serves as a safe, efficient, and economical 

alternative to the manned aircraft traditionally utilized to obtain aerial imagery. By reducing the 

amount of manned aircraft needed to perform aerial acquisitions, an exemption allowing the use 

of a Trimble UX5 UAS would reduce the amount of manned aircraft in the NAS, reduce noise 

and air pollution, as well as increase the safety of life and property in the air and on the ground. 

 Furthermore, by reducing the number of manned aircraft operating in the NAS, 

congestion around airports caused by arriving and departing aircraft will be reduced. The 

Trimble UX5 UAS does not require an airport to takeoff or land. Likewise, a reduction of 

manned aircraft conducting aerial survey missions would result in fewer aircraft that must be 

handled by air traffic control during the ground, takeoff, departure, arrival, and landing phases of 

flight operations. 

3. The Public Will Benefit from the Safety and Efficiency of the Trimble UX5 UAS

 Conducting aerial acquisitions with the Trimble UX5 UAS, instead of manned aircraft, 

will greatly benefit the public by drastically reducing the levels of air and noise pollution 

generated during traditional aerial survey flight operations. By using battery power and electric 

motors, the Trimble UX5 UAS produces no air pollution, and is the most viable environmentally 

conscious alternative to the cabin class, six cylinder internal combustion twin engine aircraft that 

are typically utilized for aerial acquisitions, while burning approximately 20-30 gallons per hour 

of leaded aviation fuel. The Trimble UX5 UAS, while reducing the carbon footprint of aerial 

acquisitions, also eliminates noise pollution, as its battery powered electric motors produce lower 

levels of noise then a single engine aircraft. 

 By using the Trimble UX5 UAS to perform aerial acquisitions, the substantial risk to life 

and property in the air and on the ground, which is usually associated with traditional manned 

aircraft flight operations, will be substantially reduced or completely eliminated. Aside from the 

lack of aircrew members located onboard the aircraft, the Trimble UX5 UAS (weighing 

approximately 5.5 pounds with a wingspan of 39.4 inches and no fuel on board), has less 

physical potential for collateral damage to life and property on the ground, and in the air, 

compared to the manned aircraft that typically conduct aerial acquisitions (weighing 
approximately 6,500 pounds with a wingspan of approximately 40 feet, a length of 34 feet, and a 

fuel capacity of 180 gallons). 

4. Performing Aerial Acquisition Operations With the Trimble UX5 UAS Will Benefit 

The Economy

 In addition to being safe and efficient, the Trimble UX5 UAS is also an economical 

alternative to using manned aircraft to conduct aerial acquisitions. As such, operation of the 

Trimble UX5 UAS will allow companies like GDA, to remain competitive and contribute to 

growth of the U.S. economy. Specifically, with the rising cost of aviation fuel and the 

Environmental Protection Agency (“EPA”) regulatory actions phasing out leaded fuels, U.S. 

owned and operated companies must adopt new and alternative technology in order to remain 

competitive. Operating the battery powered Trimble UX5 UAS will allow companies greater 

operational flexibility compared to manned aircraft, but provides such flexibility without the 

high operational cost of a traditional manned aircraft. 

By operating the Trimble UX5 UAS, companies such as GDA can remain competitive 

and profitable, and therefore provide greater job stability to employees and contractors, which 

will ultimately contribute to growth of the U.S. economy. Improved financial performance of 

U.S. companies, through commercial use of the Trimble UX5 UAS, provides a stable workforce 

that increases consumer spending; improves local, state, and federal tax revenues; and allows 

companies to invest in research and development in order to remain competitive. 

5. There Are No Privacy Issues

Like the manned aerial acquisition flight operations that have been conducted for 

decades, the proposed operation of the Trimble UX5 UAS will not implicate any privacy issues. 

Specifically, the Trimble UX5 UAS will be operated in accordance with operating limitations set 

forth herein and the Federal Aviation Regulations, including the minimum altitude requirements 

of 14 C.F.R. § 91.119. Most significantly, the Trimble UX5 UAS will not be operated closer 

than 500 feet to any person, vessel, vehicle, or structure, which is not directly involved in the 

operation unless certain conditions are met. 

Further reinforcing the protection of privacy, the Trimble UX5 will be used to fly a preplanned route where the UAS will fly autonomously while the PIC and Observer monitor the 
airspace within the area. The Trimble UX5 will diverge from this flight path only in the event of 

identifying a hazard or emergency whereby the UAS will be instructed to conduct an immediate 

landing at a predesignated location.

The Reasons Why Granting The Exemption 

Would Not Adversely Affect Safety 

1. Reasons Why the Trimble UX5 UAS Meets the Conditions of the FAA 

Modernization and Reform Act of 2012 (FMRA) Section 333 

 In consideration of the size, weight, speed, and limited operating area associated with the 

unmanned aircraft and its operation, GDA’s operation of the Trimble UX5 UAS meets the 

conditions of FMRA Section 333, and will not require an airworthiness certificate in accordance 

with 14 C.F.R. Part 21, Subpart H. 

 Section 333 provides authority for UAS to operate without airworthiness certification and 

sets forth requirements for considering whether a UAS will create a hazard to users of the NAS 

or the public, or otherwise pose a threat to national security. 

 In seeking this exemption, GDA submits that the Trimble UX5 UAS can operate safely in 

the NAS pursuant to FMRA Section 333, as demonstrated by: (a) the characteristics of the 

Trimble UX5 UAS; (b) the private pilot certification requirement; and (c) the specific operating 

limitations. 

 a. The Specifications of the Trimble UX5 UAS Demonstrate Its Safe Characteristics

The Trimble UX5 UAS does not create a hazard to users of the NAS or the public, or 

otherwise pose a threat to national security considering its size, weight, speed, and operational 

capability. 

 
i. Technical Specifications of the Trimble UX5 UAS

PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATIONS

• Maximized image footprint without compromising resolution, obtained with

 a custom wide-angle lens and APSC-type sensor.

• Maximized coverage per flight and per hour due to large image footprint,

 sharp turning capability and high cruise speed.

• Reversed thrust technology for a short and steep landing circuit.

• Powerful propulsion system for steep climbs and high altitude flights.

• High airframe service life due to wing robustness and maintainability.

• Short setup time with automated procedures in Trimble Access field software.

• Self-check and failsafe procedures for safe operation.

• One-button export to Trimble Business Center to create deliverables.

• Optimized data accuracy when processed with Trimble Business Center.

HARDWARE

Type. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fixed wing

Weight. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.5 kg (5.51 lb)

Wingspan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 m (3.28 ft)

Wing area. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 dm

Dimensions. . . . . . . . . 100 cm x 65 cm X 10.5 cm (39.37 in x 25.59 in x 4.13 in)

Material. . . . . . . . . . . . . EPP foam; Carbon frame structure; Composite elements

Propulsion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Electric pusher propeller; brushless 700 W motor

Battery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.8 V, 6000 mAh

Camera. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 MP mirrorless APSC with custom 15 mm lens

Controller. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trimble Tablet Rugged PC

SOFTWARE

Trimble Access Aerial Imaging application

• Project management

• Mission planning with option for multiple flights

• Automated pre-flight checks

• Automatic take off, flight and landing

• Autonomous camera triggering

• Automated fail-safe routines

• User controlled fail-safe commands

• Automated data consistency checks

• Export to Trimble Business Center and a generic format for image processing
ii. The Trimble UX5 UAS Autonomous Flight And Navigation Modes 

Enable the UAS to Remain within a Defined Operational Area

 The UX5 has a semi-autonomous navigation and control system comprised of a Ground 

Control Station (GCS) and auto-pilot system. All flights are pre-programmed with GPS guidance 

and do not require human intervention. Flight mission area and routing cannot be changed after 

launch. Flights are not directed by positive manual control, nor are evasive maneuvers. In the 

case of unplanned events, the operator inputs pre-programmed evasive maneuvers from the 

control unit and the control unit executes that maneuver. Pre-programmed operator interventions 

include diversion to the right; initiation of holding at present position; suspension of mission; fly 

back to launch point; fly to point and hold; abort mission and land; and emergency power cut off 

and land (Flight Termination System). 

iii. The Trimble UX5 UAS is Designed for Complete Autonomy from Launch 

to Landing Even In The Unlikely Event Of Loss of the Control Link Or 

Navigation

OPERATION

Endurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 minutes

Range. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 km (37.28 mi)

Cruise speed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 kmh (50 mph)

Maximum ceiling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5000 m (16,404 ft)

Pre-flight system setup time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 minutes

Take off

 Type. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Catapult launch

 Angle. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 degrees

Landing

 Type. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Belly landing

 Angle. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 degrees

Landing space (L x W)2

 Typical. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 m x 6 m (66 ft x 20 ft)

 Recommended. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 m x 30 m (164 ft x 98 ft)

Weather limit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 kmh (40.39 mph) and light rain

Communication & control frequency. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4 GHz (FHSS)

Communication & control range. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Up to 5 km (3.10 mi)

ACQUISITION PERFORMANCE

Resolution (GSD). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.0 cm to 19.5 cm (.79 in to 7.67 in)

Height above take-off location (AGL). . . . . . . 75 m to 750 m (246 ft to 2,460 ft)
Although a degradation or loss of the control link, and/or degradation or loss of the 

source of navigation, is unlikely, it is a situation that is well planned for and therefore, is a 

benign event. The Trimble UX5 UAS is designed for complete autonomy from launch to landing 

with a line of sight operator in the loop monitoring the airframe. Automated safety functions and 

safety enhancing features of the UX5 include the following: 

 Auto-pilot detection of lost GPS or of insufficient satellites initiates an immediate 

spiral landing. 

 Low power on the aircraft triggers escalating alarms at GCS at 35% and 10% 

levels. 

 If the auto-pilot detects a lost-link to the GCS for longer than 30 seconds, landing 

procedure begins. 

 The UX5 is inherently unstable, so auto-pilot fail will result in very rapid exit 

from flight. 

 Aircraft has an on-board failsafe that limits speed in the event of dive to 

approximately 14 m/s. 

 The aircraft, weighing less than 6 lbs., fully loaded, is constructed of EPP foam, 

or similar material which is intended to absorb impact energy. 

 The motor is driven by a pulse width modulated signal, not an analog signal. 

iv. Mobile Operation of The Trimble UX5 UAS

The Trimble UX5 UAS will not be operated in a mobile capacity. All deployments and 

operations of the UAS will be from a stationary position. The only mobility involving the use of 

the Trimble UX5 will be in acquisition of the UAS and relocation of the catapult launcher. 

b. Flight Operations of the Trimble UX5 UAS are Limited to the Line Of Sight 

of A Certificated Private Pilot in Command with a Safety Observer

GDA will only utilize certificated Private Pilots who possess a valid airman medical 

certificate to act as a pilot in command of the Trimble UX5 UAS. Additionally, a safety 

observer will assist all pilots during flight operations. Additionally, both the pilot in 

command and safety observer must complete the Trimble Operators Course and be tested to 
ensure knowledge of the functions and operations of the UAS. The training will be conducted 

at Frontier Precision, a licensed seller and certifier of the Trimble UX5 UAS, located in 

Denver, CO. 

c. Flights will Be Conducted Pursuant to Specific Operating Limitations. 

In seeking this exemption, GDA proposes to commercially operate the Trimble UX5 

UAS for the special purpose of conducting aerial acquisitions within the NAS, pursuant to the 

specific operating limitations set by the FAA for Trimble Navigation Limited. The limitations 

have been attached as Appendix D. 

2. Reasons Why an Exemption from the Requirements of Section 61.113(a) Would Not 

Adversely Affect Safety 

GDA submits that an equivalent level of safety established by Section 61.113(a) will be 

maintained because no PIC will be allowed to operate the Trimble UX5 UAS unless that PIC has 

demonstrated, through the Trimble UX5 UAS training, that the PIC is able to safely operate the 

UAS in a manner consistent with this exemption, including evasive and emergency maneuvers 

and maintaining appropriate distances from people, vessels, vehicles and structures. 

Considering GDA’s proposed area of operations and the operating limitations (Appendix 

D); unlike a conventional aircraft that carries a pilot, passengers, and cargo, the Trimble UX5 

UAS in this case is remotely controlled with no passengers or property of others on board. 

Commercial certification would be unnecessary and not improve the capabilities of the PIC for 

the operation of the Trimble UX5 UAS beyond the private pilot certification and Trimble UX5 

UAS training. 

 Additionally, the FAA has previously granted relief from Section 61.113(a), specific to 

UAS, in circumstances similar, in all material respects, to those presented herein (e.g. Exemption 

Nos. 11062, 11063, 11064, 11065, 11066, 11067, 11080, 11109, 11110, 11112, 11136, 11138, 

11150, 11153, 11156, 11158, 11159, 11160, 11161, 11170, 11171, 11172, 11174, 11176, 11177, 

11178, 11185, 11188, 11189, 11191, 11192, 11193, 11194, 11195, 11204, 11206, 11208, 

11209). 
3. Reasons Why An Exemption from the Requirements of Section 91.7(a) Would Not 

Adversely Affect Safety

The level of safety established by Section 91.7(a) will be maintained because prior to 

every flight, GDA will ensure that the Trimble UX5 UAS is in an airworthy condition and safe 

for flight based upon the Trimble UX5 UAS’s compliance by conducting a pre-flight check 

before each operation and following its operating documents (i.e., the Trimble UX5 Aerial 

Imaging Solution User Guide, and the Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution Maintenance 

Guide) and as stated in the conditions and limitations. 

Additionally, the FAA has previously granted relief from Section 91.7(a), specific to 

UAS, in circumstances similar, in all material respects, to those presented herein (e.g. Exemption 

Nos. 11062, 11063, 11064, 11065, 11066, 11067, 11080, 11109, 11110, 11112, 11136, 11138, 

11150, 11153, 11156, 11157, 11158, 11159, 11160, 11161, 11166, 11167, 11170, 11171, 11172, 

11174, 11177, 11178, 11185, 11188, 11189, 11191, 11192, 11193, 11194, 11195, 11204, 11206, 

11208, 11209). 

4. Reasons Why An Exemption From The Requirements Of Section 91.119(c) Would Not 

Adversely Affect Safety 

Section 91.119 establishes safe altitudes for operation of civil aircraft. Specifically, 

91.119(c) limits aircraft flying over areas other than congested areas to an altitude of 500 feet 

above the surface, except over open water or sparsely populated areas. In those cases, the aircraft 

may not be operated closer than 500 feet to any person, vessel, vehicle, or structure. 

As set forth herein, the UX5 will never operate at higher than 400 feet AGL. It will, 

however, be operated to avoid congested or populated areas that are depicted in yellow on VFR 

sectional - 5 - charts. Because aerial survey work must be accomplished at relatively low 

altitudes and at altitudes less than 500 feet AGL, an exemption from Section 91.119(c) is needed. 

The equivalent level of safety will be achieved given the size, weight, speed, and material 

with which the UX5 is built. Also, no flight will be taken without the permission of the land 

owner or those who control the land. Because of the advance notice to the landowner, all 

affected individuals will be aware of the survey flights. Compared to aerial survey operations 
conducted with aircraft or rotorcraft weighing far more than 5.5 lbs. and carrying flammable 

fuel, any risk associated with these operations will be far less than those currently allowed with 

conventional aircraft operating at or below 500 feet AGL. Indeed, the low-altitude operations of 

the UAS will maintain separation between these small-UAS operations and the operations of 

conventional aircraft that must comply with Section 91.119. 

The FAA has previously granted relief from Section 91.119(c) specific to UAS, in 

circumstances similar, in all material respects, to those presented herein (e.g. Exemption Nos. 

11062, 11063, 11064, 11065, 11066, 11067, 11080, 11109, 11110, 11111, 11112, 11114, 11136, 

11138, 11150, 11153, 11156, 11157, 11158, 11159, 11160, 11161, 11166, 11167, 11170, 11171, 

11172, 11174, 11176, 11177, 11178, 11184, 11185, 11188, 11189, 11191, 11192, 11193, 11194, 

11195, 11204, 11206, 11208, 11209). 

5. Reasons Why an Exemption from the Requirements of Section 91.121 Would Not 

Adversely Affect Safety 

 The equivalent level of safety established by Section 91.121 will be maintained because 

the altitude of the Trimble UX5 UAS will be reported to air traffic control (ATC) in feet above 

ground level (AGL), and GDA will operate the UAS within visual line of sight, at or below 400 

feet AGL. Furthermore, the altitude information of the Trimble UX5 UAS will be provided to 

the PIC via the GPS equipment, and radio communications which transmits altitude information 

to the control system. Prior to each flight, a zero altitude initiation point is established at ground 

level. 

 The FAA has previously granted relief from Section 91.121 specific to UAS, in 

circumstances similar, in all material respects, to those presented herein (e.g. Exemption Nos. 

11062, 11063, 11064, 11065, 11066, 11067, 11080, 11109, 11112, 11136, 11138, 11150, 11153, 

11156, 11157, 11158, 11159, 11160, 11161, 11166, 11167, 11170, 11171, 11174, 11176, 11177, 

11178, 11185, 11188, 11189, 11191, 11192, 11193, 11194, 11195, 11204, 11206, 11208, 

11209). 

 
6. Reasons Why an Exemption from the Requirements of Section 91.151(a) Would Not 

Adversely Affect Safety 

This regulation prohibits an individual from beginning “a flight in an airplane under VFR 

conditions unless (considering wind and forecast weather conditions) there is enough fuel to fly 

to the first point of intended landing and, assuming normal cruising speed – (1) During the day, 

to fly after that for at least 30 minutes; or (2) At night, to fly after that for at least 45 minutes.” 

 The UX5 batteries provide approximately 50 minutes of powered flight. Without an 

exemption from § 14 CFR 91.151, the UAS’s flights would be limited to approximately 20 

minutes in length. Given the limitations on its proposed operations and the location of those 

proposed operations, a longer time frame for flight in daylight VFR conditions is reasonable. 

 GDA believes that an exemption from 14 CFR § 91.151(a) is safe and within the scope of 

a prior exemption. Operating the small UAS, without 30 minutes of reserve fuel does not 

engender the type of risks that Section 91.151(a) was meant to prevent given the size and speed 

at which the UAS operates. The fact that it carries no pilot, passenger, or cargo also enhances its 

safety. Additionally, limiting UX5 flights to 20 minutes would greatly reduce their utility. In the 

unlikely event that the UX5 should run out of fuel, it would simply land. Given its weight and 

construction material, the risks are less than contemplated by the current regulation. 

GDA believes that an equivalent level of safety can be achieved by maintaining 10 

minutes of reserve fuel (battery power), which, allowing 40 minutes of flight time, would be 

more than adequate to return the UAS to its planned landing zone from anywhere in its operating 

area. Due to the loss of utility and difficulty of maintaining line of sight of the Trimble UX5 

UAS, GDA will not operate the UAS during nighttime operations. 

The FAA has previously granted relief from Section 91.151, specific to UAS, in 

circumstances similar, in all material respects, to those presented herein (e.g. Exemption Nos. 

8811, 10808, 10673, 11042, 11062, 11063, 11064, 11065, 11066, 11067, 11080, 11109, 11110, 

11136, 11138, 11150, 11153, 11156, 11157, 11158, 11159, 11160, 11161, 11166, 11167, 11170, 

11171, 11172, 11174, 11176, 11177, 11178, 11185, 11188, 11189, 11191, 11192, 11193, 11194, 

11195, 11204, 11206, 11208, 11209). 

 
7. Reasons Why An Exemption From The Requirements Of Sections 91.405(a), 

91.407(a)(1), 91.409(a)(1) & (a)(2), And 91.417(a) & (b) Would Not Adversely Affect Safety

Section 91.405(a) requires that an aircraft operator or owner “shall have that aircraft 

inspected as prescribed in subpart E of this part and shall between required inspections, except as 

provided in paragraph (c) of this section, have discrepancies repaired as prescribed in part 43 of 

this chapter . . . .” Section 91.407 similarly makes reference to requirements in Part 43; Section 

91.409(a)(2) requires an annual inspection for the issuance of an air worthiness certificate. 

Section 91.417(a) requires the owner or operator to keep records showing certain maintenance 

work that has been accomplished by certificated mechanics, under Part 43, or licensed pilots and 

records of approval of the aircraft for return to service. 

Maintenance of the UX5 will be accomplished by the owner/operator pursuant to the 

manuals, such as Exhibit 3, provided by Trimble. An equivalent level of safety will be achieved 

because the UAS is small in size, will carry no external payload, will operate only in restricted 

predetermined areas and is not a complex mechanical devise. As provided in the attached 

Maintenance Manual and the Safety Checklist, which were reviewed as part of Trimble’s SAC 

application, the operator of UX5 will ensure that the UAS is in working order prior to initiating 

flight, perform required maintenance, and keep a log of any maintenance that is performed. 

Moreover, the operator is the person most familiar with the aircraft and is best suited to maintain 

the aircraft in an airworthy condition and to ensure an equivalent level of safety. 

The UX5’s Maintenance Manual provides for replacement of the airframe every 50 hours 

of flight. This will ensure an equivalent level of safety to the maintenance requirements in Part 

91. In addition, between such air frame replacements, should a mechanical issue arise, the 

aircraft will either return to its launch site or immediately land. 

The FAA has previously granted relief specific to UAS in circumstances similar, in all 

material respects, to those presented herein (e.g. Exemption Nos. 11062, 11063, 11064, 11065, 

11066, 11067, 11080, 11109, 11110, 11112, 11136, 11138, 11150, 11153, 11156, 11157, 11158, 

11159, 11160, 11161, 11166, 11167, 11170, 11171, 11172, 11174, 11176, 11177, 11178, 11185, 

11188,11189, 11191, 11192, 11193, 11194 ,11195, 11204, 11206, 11208, 11209). 

 
A Summary That Can Be Published in 

The Federal Register, stating:

 The Rules From Which GDA Seeks Exemption: 

GDA Engineers seeks exemption from the requirements of 14 C.F.R. Sections 61.113(a), 

91.7(a), 91.119(c), 91.121, 91.151(a)(1), 91.405(a), 91.407(a)(1), 91.409(a)(1) & (a)(2), 

and 91.417(a) & (b). 

 

A Brief Description Of The Nature Of The Exemption GDA Seeks: 

This exemption will permit GDA Engineers to commercially operate an Unmanned 

Aircraft System (UAS) for the purpose of conducting aerial acquisitions and research 

within the National Airspace System (NAS). 

 
Appendix A – Trimble UX5 Unmanned Aircraft 

System Data Sheet 

 
Appendix B – Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging 

Solution User Guide 

 
Appendix C – Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging 

Solution Maintenance Guide 

 
Appendix D – Conditions and Limitations 

 
Appendix E – Trimble UX5 Launcher Quick Start 

Guide 
1. Operations authorized by this grant of exemption are limited to the following aircraft 

described in the operating documents, which is the Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution, a 

fixed-wing aircraft weighing approximately 5.5 pounds at maximum gross weight. Proposed 

operations of any other aircraft will require a new petition or a petition to amend this grant. 

 

2. UAS operations under this exemption are limited to conducting operations for the 

purpose of aerial acquisitions. 

 

3. The UA may not be flown at an indicated airspeed exceeding 30 knots (i.e., 34.5 mph). 

 

4. The UA must be operated at an altitude of no more than 400 feet above ground level 

(AGL), as indicated by the procedures specified in the operating documents. All altitudes 

reported to ATC must be in feet AGL. 

 

5. The UA must be operated within visual line of sight (VLOS) of the PIC at all times. This 

requires the PIC to be able to use human vision unaided by any device other than corrective 

lenses, as specified on the PIC’s FAA-issued airman medical certificate. 

 

6. All operations must utilize a visual observer (VO). The VO may be used to satisfy the 

VLOS requirement as long as the PIC always maintains VLOS capability. The VO and 

PIC must be able to communicate verbally at all times. Electronic messaging or texting is 

not permitted during flight operations. The PIC must be designated before the flight and cannot 

transfer his or her designation for the duration of the flight. 

 

7. The VO must not perform any other duties beyond assisting the PIC with seeing and 

avoiding other air traffic and other ground based obstacles/obstructions and is not permitted to 

operate the camera or other instruments. 

 

8. The operating documents and this grant of exemption must be accessible during UAS 

operations and made available to the Administrator upon request. If a discrepancy exists between 

the conditions and limitations in this exemption and the procedures outlined in the operating 

documents, the conditions and limitations contained in the grant of exemption take precedence 

and must be followed. Otherwise, the operator must follow the procedures as outlined in its 

operating documents. The operator may update or revise its operating documents. It is the 

operator’s responsibility to track such revisions and present updated and revised documents to 

the Administrator upon request. The operator must also present updated and revised documents 

if it petitions for extension or amendment to the grant of exemption. If the operator determines 

that any update or revision would affect the basis upon which the FAA granted the exemption, 

then the operator must petition for amendment to the grant of exemption. The FAA’s UAS 

Integration Office (AFS-80) may be contacted if questions arise regarding updates or revisions to 

the operating documents. 

 

9. Prior to each flight the PIC must inspect the UAS to ensure it is in a condition for safe 

flight. If the inspection reveals a condition that affects the safe operation of the UAS, the aircraft 
is prohibited from operating until the necessary maintenance has been performed and the UAS is 

found to be in a condition for safe flight. The Ground Control Station must be included in the 

preflight inspection. All maintenance and alterations must be properly documented in the aircraft 

records. 

 

10. Any UAS that has undergone maintenance or alterations that affect the UAS operation or 

flight characteristics, e.g. replacement of a flight critical component, must undergo a functional 

test flight in accordance with the operating documents. The PIC who conducts the functional test 

flight must make an entry in the UAS aircraft records of the flight. 

 

11. The pre-flight inspection must account for all potential discrepancies, i.e. inoperable 

components, items, or equipment, not already covered in the relevant preflight inspection 

sections of the operating documents. 

 

12. The operator must follow the UAS manufacturer’s aircraft/component, maintenance, 

overhaul, replacement, inspection, and life limit requirements, with particular attention to flight 

critical components that may not be addressed in the manufacturer’s manuals. 

 

13. The operator must carry out its maintenance, inspections, and record keeping 

requirements, in accordance with the operating documents. Maintenance, inspection, alterations, 

and status of replacement/overhaul component parts must be noted in the aircraft records, 

including total time in service, description of work accomplished, and the signature of the 

authorized person returning the UAS to service. 

 

14. Each UAS operated under this exemption must comply with all manufacturer Safety 

Bulletins. 

 

15. The authorized person must make an entry in the aircraft record of the corrective action 

taken against discrepancies discovered between inspections. 

 

16. The PIC must possess at least a private pilot certificate and at least a current thirdclass 

medical certificate for all flight operations. The PIC must also meet the flight review 

requirements specified in 14 C.F.R. § 61.56 in an aircraft in which the PIC is rated on his or her 

pilot certificate. 

 

17. Prior to operations, the PIC must have completed the operator’s training and currency 

requirements as prescribed in the operating documents. During that training, the PIC must have 

accumulated and logged, in a manner consistent with 14 CFR § 61.51(b), the minimum hours 

prescribed in the operating documents for a UAS pilot operating the make and model of the UAS 

to be utilized for operations under the exemption. Training, proficiency, and experience-building 

flights can be conducted under this grant of exemption to qualify the operator’s PIC(s), VO(s) 

and other essential personnel as defined in the operating documents. However, said training 

operations may only be conducted during dedicated training sessions. During training, 
proficiency, and experience-building flights the PIC is required to operate the UA with 

appropriate distances in accordance with 14 CFR § 91.119. 

 

18. The operator may not permit any PIC to operate unless that PIC has demonstrated 

through the operator’s training and currency requirements that the PIC is able to safely operate 

the UAS in a manner consistent with how the UAS will be operated under this exemption, 

including evasive and emergency maneuvers and maintaining appropriate distances from people, 

vessels, vehicles and structures. 

 

19. UAS operations may not be conducted during night, as defined in 14 C.F.R. § 1.1. All 

operations must be conducted under visual meteorological conditions (VMC). Flights under 

special visual flight rules (SVFR) are not authorized. 

 

20. The UA may not operate within 5 nautical miles of an airport reference point as denoted 

on a current FAA-published aeronautical chart unless a letter of agreement with that airport’s 

management is obtained, and the operation is conducted in accordance with a NOTAM as 

required by the operator’s COA. The letter of agreement with the airport management must be 

made available to the Administrator upon request. 

 

21. The UA may not be operated less than 500 feet below or less than 2,000 feet horizontally 

from a cloud or when visibility is less than 3 statute miles from the PIC. 

 

22. If the UA loses communications or loses its GPS signal, it must return to a predetermined 

location within the planned operating area and land or be recovered in accordance with the 

operating documents. 

 

23. The PIC must abort the flight in the event of unpredicted obstacles or emergencies in 

accordance with the operating documents. 

 

24. The PIC is prohibited from beginning a flight unless (considering wind and forecast 

weather conditions) there is enough power to fly at normal cruising speed to the intended landing 

point and land the UA with 20% battery power remaining. 

 

25. The operator must obtain an Air Traffic Organization (ATO) issued Certificate of Waiver 

or Authorization (COA) prior to conducting any operations under the grant of exemption. This 

COA will also require the operator to request a Notice to Airmen (NOTAM) not more than 72 

hours in advance, but not less than 48 hours prior to the operation. All operations shall be 

conducted in accordance with airspace requirements in the ATO issued COA including class of 

airspace, altitude level and potential transponder requirements. 

 

26. All aircraft operated in accordance with the exemption must be identified by serial 

number, registered in accordance with 14 C.F.R. part 47, and have identification (NNumber) 

markings in accordance with 14 C.F.R. part 45, Subpart C. Markings must be as large as 

practicable. 
 

27. Before conducting operations, the radio frequency spectrum used for operation and 

control of the UA must comply with the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) or other 

appropriate government oversight agency requirements. 

 

28. The documents required under 14 C.F.R. §§ 91.9 and 91.203 must be available to the PIC 

at the location of the Remote Controller of the UAS any time the UAS is operating. These 

documents must be made available to the Administrator or any law enforcement official upon 

request. 

 

29. The UA must remain clear and yield the right of way to other aviation operations and 

activities at all times. 

 

30. If the UAS is operated from a moving vehicle or device, the operation must be in 

accordance with the operating documents. 

 

31. The UA may not be operated over congested or densely populated areas. 

 

32. Flight operations must be conducted at least 500 feet from all nonparticipating persons 

(persons other than the PIC, VO, operator trainees or essential persons), vessels, vehicles, and 

structures unless: 

 
Summary and Explanation for 

Exemption under Section 333 

Summary 

GDA Engineers seeks exemption from the requirements of C.F.R. §§ 61.113(a), 

91.7(a), 91.119(c), 91.121, 91.151(a)(1), 91.405(a), 91.407(a)(1), 91.409(a)(1) & (a)(2), and 

91.417(a) & (b), to operate an Unmanned Aircraft System pursuant to Section 333 of the FAA 

Modernization and Reform Act of 2012 (FMRA). This exemption will permit GDA Engineers to 

operate an Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) for the commercial purpose of conducting aerial 

acquisition and research within the National Airspace System (NAS). 

 
Information and Purpose 

 Graham, Dietz, and Associates DBA GDA Engineers (hereinafter referred to as “GDA”), 

is a surveying, planning and engineering consulting firm headquartered in Cody, Wyoming. 

GDA has been in business since 1953 and undertake engineering challenges with a core focus on 

specific markets such as: the petroleum industry, federal and state government projects, mining 

and natural resources, industrial and commercial operations, and infrastructure. GDA provides 

services, such as: aviation surveying, planning and engineering, civil surveying and engineering, 

environmental studies, and private and public land survey. 

 As set forth in this Petition, GDA seeks to commercially operate its Trimble UX5 UAS 

within the NAS for the purpose of conducting aerial acquisitions and research. 

The Specific Sections of 14 C.F.R. 

From Which GDA Seeks Exemption

1. GDA Seeks Exemption from the Requirements of Section 61.113(a) and (b) 

Section 61.113, entitled Private pilot privileges and limitations: Pilot in 

command, subsections (a) prescribes the following, in part: 

(a) No person who holds a private pilot certificate may act as a pilot in command (PIC) of 

an aircraft that is carrying passengers or property for compensation or hire; nor may that 

person, for compensation or hire, act as PIC of an aircraft. 

2. GDA Seeks Exemption from the Requirements of Section 91.7(a) 

Section 91.7, entitled Civil aircraft airworthiness, subsection (a), states the 

following: 

(a) No person may operate a civil aircraft unless it is in an airworthy condition. 

 

3. GDA Seeks Exemption from the Requirements of Section 91.119(c) 

Section 91.119(c), entitled Minimum safe altitudes: (c) Over other than congested 

areas, states the following, in part: 

Except when necessary for takeoff or landing, no person may operate an aircraft 

below the following altitudes: 
(c) Over other than congested areas. An altitude of 500 feet above the surface, except 

over open water or sparsely populated areas. In those cases, the aircraft may not be 

operated closer than 500 feet to any person, vessel, vehicle, or structure. 

 

4. GDA Seeks Exemption from the Requirements of Section 91.121 

Section 91.121, entitled Altimeter settings, subsection (a), states the following, in 

relevant part: 

(a) Each person operating an aircraft shall maintain the cruising altitude or flight level of 

that aircraft, as the case may be, by reference to an altimeter that is set, when operating-- 

(1) Below 18,000 feet MSL, to-- 

 

(i) The current reported altimeter setting of a station along the route and within 100 

nautical miles of the aircraft; 

(ii) If there is no station within the area prescribed in paragraph (a)(1)(i) of this 

section, the current reported altimeter setting of an appropriate available station; or 

(iii)In the case of an aircraft not equipped with a radio, the elevation of the departure 

airport or an appropriate altimeter setting available before departure; 

5. GDA Seeks Exemption from the Requirements of Section 91.151(a)

Section 91.151, entitled Fuel requirements for flight in VFR conditions, 

subsection (a)(1), states the following: 

(a) No person may begin a flight in an airplane under VFR conditions unless 

(considering wind and forecast weather conditions) there is enough fuel to fly to the 

first point of intended landing and, assuming normal cruising speed-- 

(1) During the day, to fly after that for at least 30 minutes; or 

(2) At night, to fly after that for at least 45 minutes. 

6. GDA Seeks Exemption from the Requirement of Section 91.405(a) 

Section 91.405, entitled Maintenance required, subsection (a), states the 

following: 
Each owner or operator of an aircraft— 

(a) Shall have that aircraft inspected as prescribed in subpart E of this part and shall 

between required inspections, except as provided in paragraph (c) of this section, 

have discrepancies repaired as prescribed in part 43 of this chapter[.] 

 

7. GDA Seeks Exemption from the Requirements of Section 91.407(a)(1) 

Section 91.407, entitled Operation after maintenance, preventive maintenance, 

rebuilding, or alteration, subsection (a)(1), states the following: 

(a) No person may operate any aircraft that has undergone maintenance, preventive 

maintenance, rebuilding, or alteration unless-- 

(1) It has been approved for return to service by a person authorized under § 43.7 of 

this chapter[.] 

 

8. GDA Seeks Exemption from the Requirements of Sections 91.409(a)(1) And 

91.409(a)(2) 

Section 91.409, entitled Inspections, subsection (a), states the following: 

(a) Except as provided in paragraph (c) of this section, no person may operate an 

aircraft unless, within the preceding 12 calendar months, it has had -- 

(1) An annual inspection in accordance with part 43 of this chapter and has been 

approved for return to service by a person authorized by § 43.7 of this chapter; or 

(2) An inspection for the issuance of an airworthiness certificate in accordance with 

part 21 of this chapter. 

 

9. GDA Seeks Exemption from the Requirements of Sections 91.417(a) And 91.417(b)

Section 91.417, entitled Maintenance records, subsections (a) and (b), state the 

following: 

(a) Except for work performed in accordance with §§ 91.411 and 91.413, each registered 

owner or operator shall keep the following records for the periods specified in paragraph 

(b) of this section: 

(1) Records of the maintenance, preventive maintenance, and alteration and records of 

the 100-hour, annual, progressive, and other required or approved inspections, as 
appropriate, for each aircraft (including the airframe) and each engine, propeller, 

rotor, and appliance of an aircraft. The records must include— 

(i) A description (or reference to data acceptable to the Administrator) of the work 

performed; and 

(ii) The date of completion of the work performed; and 

(iii) The signature, and certificate number of the person approving the aircraft for 

return to service. 

(2) Records containing the following information: 

(i) The total time in service of the airframe, each engine, each propeller, and each 

rotor. 

(ii) The current status of life-limited parts of each airframe, engine, propeller, rotor, 

and appliance. 

(iii) The time since last overhaul of all items installed on the aircraft which are 

required to be overhauled on a specified time basis. 

(iv) The current inspection status of the aircraft, including the time since the last 

inspection required by the inspection program under which the aircraft and its 

appliances are maintained. 

(v) The current status of applicable airworthiness directives (AD) and safety 

directives including, for each, the method of compliance, the AD or safety 

directive number and revision date. If the AD or safety directive involves 

recurring action, the time and date when the next action is required. 

(vi) Copies of the forms prescribed by § 43.9(d) of this chapter for each major 

alteration to the airframe and currently installed engines, rotors, propellers, and 

appliances. 

(b) The owner or operator shall retain the following records for the periods prescribed: 

(1) The records specified in paragraph (a)(1) of this section shall be retained until the 

work is repeated or superseded by other work or for 1 year after the work is 

performed. 

(2) The records specified in paragraph (a)(2) of this section shall be retained and 

transferred with the aircraft at the time the aircraft is sold. 
(3) A list of defects furnished to a registered owner or operator under § 43.11 of this 

chapter shall be retained until the defects are repaired and the aircraft is approved for 

return to service. 

The Extent of Relief GDA Seeks and 

the Reason GDA Seeks the Relief 

1. Extent of Relief GDA Seeks and the Reason GDA Seeks Relief from Section 

61.113(a)

Relief from Section 61.113(a), entitled Private pilot privileges and limitations: Pilot in 

command, is requested to the extent necessary to allow a PIC holding a private pilot certificate 

and an airman medical certificate, and who has completed the Trimble UX5 UAS training 

requirements, to conduct the proposed UAS flight operations for compensation. This relief is 

requested since the limitation set forth in Section 61.113(a) states that no person who holds a 

private pilot certificate may act as pilot in command of an aircraft that is carrying passengers or 

property for compensation or hire; nor may that person, for compensation or hire, act as pilot in 

command of an aircraft. 

 GDA agrees that an equivalent level of safety will be maintained because no PIC will be 

allowed to operate the Trimble UX5 unless that PIC has met certain flight-hour requirements. 

The PIC will demonstrate the ability to safely operate the Trimble UX5 UAS in a manner 

consistent with the operations specifications as set forth herein, including evasive and emergency 

maneuvers, as well as maintaining appropriate distances from people, vessels, vehicles and 

structures. 

 Further, GDA proposes that the additional airmanship experience of a commercially 

certified pilot would be unnecessary for the GDA’s specific proposed operations. 

2. Extent of Relief GDA Seeks and the Reason GDA Seeks Relief from Section 91.7(a)

 Relief from Section 91.7(a), entitled Civil aircraft airworthiness, is requested to the 

extent required to allow GDA to determine that the Trimble UX5 UAS is in an airworthy 

condition prior to every flight by ensuring that the UAS is in compliance with the Trimble UX5 
Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide and Maintenance, attached as Appendix B and C, 

respectively. 

 GDA seeks the requested relief because the Trimble UX5 UAS does not require an 

airworthiness certificate in accordance with 14 C.F.R. Part 21, Subpart H. Therefore, GDA will 

ensure that the Trimble UX5 UAS is in an airworthy condition based upon its compliance with 

the operating documents prior to every flight, and as stated in the conditions and limitations 

(Appendix D). 

3. Extent of Relief GDA Seeks and the Reason GDA Seeks Relief from Section 

91.119(c) 

 Relief from Section 91.119(c), entitled Minimum safe altitudes: (c) Over other than 

congested areas, is required because all proposed operations of the Trimble UX5 UAS will take 

place at an altitude at or below 400 feet AGL. The relief is requested since the limitations set 

forth in Section 91.119(c) state that no person may operate an aircraft below 500 feet above the 

surface. As set forth more fully below, GDA submits that a level of safety equivalent to Section 

91.119(c) will be maintained because operations will be conducted in areas with controlled 

access and GDA will operate the Trimble UX5 UAS under the safety provisions contained 

within this petition and the Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solutions operating documents. 

 Additionally, relief from Section 91.119(c) is requested to the extent necessary to allow 

operations to be conducted closer than 500 feet to persons, vessels, vehicles, or structures. This 

relief is requested since the limitations set forth in Section 91.119(c) prohibit operating an 

aircraft closer than 500 feet to a person, vessel, vehicle, or structure. As set forth more fully 

below, GDA submits an equivalent level of safety will be maintained because operations closer 

than 500 feet to a person, vessel, vehicle, or structure will first require that the operator receive 

permission from any nonparticipating persons or the person who owns/controls the property. 

4. Extent of Relief GDA Seeks and the Reason GDA Seeks Relief from Section 91.121 

 Relief from Section 91.121, entitled Altimeter settings, may be required to allow flight 

operations of the Trimble UX5 UAS, because the UAS’s altitude reporting equipment may be set 

on the ground to a pressure level of zero feet AGL, rather than local barometric pressure or field 

altitude, before each flight. The Trimble UX5 UAS uses GPS equipment, and radio 
communications to transmit altitude information from the UAS to the PIC at the ground control 

station (GCS). 

 Considering the limited altitude of the proposed operations, relief from 14 C.F.R. § 91.121 is 

sought to the extent necessary to comply with the applicable conditions and limitations stated 

below. As more fully set forth herein, a level of safety equivalent to Section 91.121 will be 

ensured as the altitude of the Trimble UX5 UAS will be reported to air traffic control (ATC) in 

feet above ground level (AGL), and GDA will operate the UAS within visual line of sight, at or 

below 400 feet AGL. 

5. Extent of Relief GDA Seeks and the Reason GDA Seeks Relief from Section 

91.151(a)(1)

 Relief from Section 91.151(a)(1) is requested to the extent required to allow flights of the 

battery powered Trimble UX5 UAS during daylight hours in visual flight rules (VFR) conditions 

to continue for a total duration of 35 minutes, with 10 minutes of battery power remaining. GDA 

seeks the requested relief because without an exemption from Section 91.151(a)(1), the flight 

time duration of the battery powered Trimble UX5 UAS will be reduced to 20 minutes, which 

would eliminate the practicality of any aerial acquisition and research operations that GDA 

proposes to conduct pursuant to this Petition. 

 The technical specifications, operating documents, and proposed operating limitations for the 

Trimble UX5 UAS, ensure that GDA will safely operate the battery powered UAS during 

daylight hours in VFR conditions for a total duration of 35 minutes, with 10 minutes of battery 

power remaining (i.e., 20 percent remaining). 

6. Extent of Relief GDA Seeks and the Reason GDA Seeks Relief from Sections 

91.405(a), 91.407(a)(1), 91.409(a)(1) & (a)(2), and 91.417(a) & (b) 

 Since Sections 91.405(a), 91.407(a)(1), 91.409(a)(1) & (a)(2), and 91.417(a) & (b) only 

apply to aircraft with an airworthiness certificate, GDA requests relief from these Sections 

because the Trimble UX5 UAS does not require an airworthiness certificate. As set forth more 

fully below, the Trimble UX5 UAS meets the conditions of Section 333 for operation without an 

airworthiness certificate. GDA will use technicians to perform maintenance, alterations, or 

preventive maintenance on the unmanned aircraft system using the methods, techniques, and 
practices prescribed in the manufacturer’s maintenance manual. Furthermore, GDA will 

document and maintain all maintenance records for the Trimble UX5 UAS. 

The Reasons Why Granting GDA’s Request 

Would Be in the Public Interest

 Granting the present Petition will further the public interest by allowing GDA to safely, 

efficiently, and economically perform aerial acquisitions and research within the NAS, 

commercially, in support of government entities, mining and natural resources, industrial and 

commercial entities, the petroleum industry, and the country’s infrastructure. Additionally, use of 

the Trimble UX5 UAS will decrease congestion of the NAS, reduce pollution, and provide 

significant benefits to the economy. The benefits of the proposed operation of the Trimble UX5 

UAS will be realized without implicating any privacy issues. 

1. The Public Will Benefit from the Aerial Acquisition and Research Performed

 GDA submits this Petition to commercially operate the Trimble UX5 UAS and perform 

aerial acquisition and research within the NAS, in support of government entities, mining and 

natural resources, industrial and commercial entities, the petroleum industry, and the country’s 

infrastructure. The Trimble UX5 UAS will provide safe, efficient, and economical aerial 

acquisition and research operations to further each of these fields, all of which are critical to the 

well-being of the general public. 

 The specific operations that GDA will perform with the Trimble UX5 UAS demonstrate 

how the requested exemption will directly benefit the above-referenced industries and the public. 

In operations involving infrastructure, the aerial acquisition performed by the Trimble UX5 UAS 

will be used to preview possible sites for construction projects and provide precise topographic 

information about selected sites. In mining, natural resources, and the petroleum industry, the 

Trimble UX5 UAS will be used to surveying and planning new worksites, volumetric analysis, 

and performing right of way analysis. The Trimble UX5 UAS will also further environmental 

management by aiding in identifying, developing, and transporting scarce water resources. 
2. The Public Will Benefit from Decreased Congestion Of The NAS

 The Trimble UX5 UAS is battery powered and serves as a safe, efficient, and economical 

alternative to the manned aircraft traditionally utilized to obtain aerial imagery. By reducing the 

amount of manned aircraft needed to perform aerial acquisitions, an exemption allowing the use 

of a Trimble UX5 UAS would reduce the amount of manned aircraft in the NAS, reduce noise 

and air pollution, as well as increase the safety of life and property in the air and on the ground. 

 Furthermore, by reducing the number of manned aircraft operating in the NAS, 

congestion around airports caused by arriving and departing aircraft will be reduced. The 

Trimble UX5 UAS does not require an airport to takeoff or land. Likewise, a reduction of 

manned aircraft conducting aerial survey missions would result in fewer aircraft that must be 

handled by air traffic control during the ground, takeoff, departure, arrival, and landing phases of 

flight operations. 

3. The Public Will Benefit from the Safety and Efficiency of the Trimble UX5 UAS

 Conducting aerial acquisitions with the Trimble UX5 UAS, instead of manned aircraft, 

will greatly benefit the public by drastically reducing the levels of air and noise pollution 

generated during traditional aerial survey flight operations. By using battery power and electric 

motors, the Trimble UX5 UAS produces no air pollution, and is the most viable environmentally 

conscious alternative to the cabin class, six cylinder internal combustion twin engine aircraft that 

are typically utilized for aerial acquisitions, while burning approximately 20-30 gallons per hour 

of leaded aviation fuel. The Trimble UX5 UAS, while reducing the carbon footprint of aerial 

acquisitions, also eliminates noise pollution, as its battery powered electric motors produce lower 

levels of noise then a single engine aircraft. 

 By using the Trimble UX5 UAS to perform aerial acquisitions, the substantial risk to life 

and property in the air and on the ground, which is usually associated with traditional manned 

aircraft flight operations, will be substantially reduced or completely eliminated. Aside from the 

lack of aircrew members located onboard the aircraft, the Trimble UX5 UAS (weighing 

approximately 5.5 pounds with a wingspan of 39.4 inches and no fuel on board), has less 

physical potential for collateral damage to life and property on the ground, and in the air, 

compared to the manned aircraft that typically conduct aerial acquisitions (weighing 
approximately 6,500 pounds with a wingspan of approximately 40 feet, a length of 34 feet, and a 

fuel capacity of 180 gallons). 

4. Performing Aerial Acquisition Operations With the Trimble UX5 UAS Will Benefit 

The Economy

 In addition to being safe and efficient, the Trimble UX5 UAS is also an economical 

alternative to using manned aircraft to conduct aerial acquisitions. As such, operation of the 

Trimble UX5 UAS will allow companies like GDA, to remain competitive and contribute to 

growth of the U.S. economy. Specifically, with the rising cost of aviation fuel and the 

Environmental Protection Agency (“EPA”) regulatory actions phasing out leaded fuels, U.S. 

owned and operated companies must adopt new and alternative technology in order to remain 

competitive. Operating the battery powered Trimble UX5 UAS will allow companies greater 

operational flexibility compared to manned aircraft, but provides such flexibility without the 

high operational cost of a traditional manned aircraft. 

By operating the Trimble UX5 UAS, companies such as GDA can remain competitive 

and profitable, and therefore provide greater job stability to employees and contractors, which 

will ultimately contribute to growth of the U.S. economy. Improved financial performance of 

U.S. companies, through commercial use of the Trimble UX5 UAS, provides a stable workforce 

that increases consumer spending; improves local, state, and federal tax revenues; and allows 

companies to invest in research and development in order to remain competitive. 

5. There Are No Privacy Issues

Like the manned aerial acquisition flight operations that have been conducted for 

decades, the proposed operation of the Trimble UX5 UAS will not implicate any privacy issues. 

Specifically, the Trimble UX5 UAS will be operated in accordance with operating limitations set 

forth herein and the Federal Aviation Regulations, including the minimum altitude requirements 

of 14 C.F.R. § 91.119. Most significantly, the Trimble UX5 UAS will not be operated closer 

than 500 feet to any person, vessel, vehicle, or structure, which is not directly involved in the 

operation unless certain conditions are met. 

Further reinforcing the protection of privacy, the Trimble UX5 will be used to fly a preplanned route where the UAS will fly autonomously while the PIC and Observer monitor the 
airspace within the area. The Trimble UX5 will diverge from this flight path only in the event of 

identifying a hazard or emergency whereby the UAS will be instructed to conduct an immediate 

landing at a predesignated location.

The Reasons Why Granting The Exemption 

Would Not Adversely Affect Safety 

1. Reasons Why the Trimble UX5 UAS Meets the Conditions of the FAA 

Modernization and Reform Act of 2012 (FMRA) Section 333 

 In consideration of the size, weight, speed, and limited operating area associated with the 

unmanned aircraft and its operation, GDA’s operation of the Trimble UX5 UAS meets the 

conditions of FMRA Section 333, and will not require an airworthiness certificate in accordance 

with 14 C.F.R. Part 21, Subpart H. 

 Section 333 provides authority for UAS to operate without airworthiness certification and 

sets forth requirements for considering whether a UAS will create a hazard to users of the NAS 

or the public, or otherwise pose a threat to national security. 

 In seeking this exemption, GDA submits that the Trimble UX5 UAS can operate safely in 

the NAS pursuant to FMRA Section 333, as demonstrated by: (a) the characteristics of the 

Trimble UX5 UAS; (b) the private pilot certification requirement; and (c) the specific operating 

limitations. 

 a. The Specifications of the Trimble UX5 UAS Demonstrate Its Safe Characteristics

The Trimble UX5 UAS does not create a hazard to users of the NAS or the public, or 

otherwise pose a threat to national security considering its size, weight, speed, and operational 

capability. 

 
i. Technical Specifications of the Trimble UX5 UAS

PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATIONS

• Maximized image footprint without compromising resolution, obtained with

 a custom wide-angle lens and APSC-type sensor.

• Maximized coverage per flight and per hour due to large image footprint,

 sharp turning capability and high cruise speed.

• Reversed thrust technology for a short and steep landing circuit.

• Powerful propulsion system for steep climbs and high altitude flights.

• High airframe service life due to wing robustness and maintainability.

• Short setup time with automated procedures in Trimble Access field software.

• Self-check and failsafe procedures for safe operation.

• One-button export to Trimble Business Center to create deliverables.

• Optimized data accuracy when processed with Trimble Business Center.

HARDWARE

Type. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fixed wing

Weight. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.5 kg (5.51 lb)

Wingspan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 m (3.28 ft)

Wing area. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 dm

Dimensions. . . . . . . . . 100 cm x 65 cm X 10.5 cm (39.37 in x 25.59 in x 4.13 in)

Material. . . . . . . . . . . . . EPP foam; Carbon frame structure; Composite elements

Propulsion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Electric pusher propeller; brushless 700 W motor

Battery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.8 V, 6000 mAh

Camera. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 MP mirrorless APSC with custom 15 mm lens

Controller. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trimble Tablet Rugged PC

SOFTWARE

Trimble Access Aerial Imaging application

• Project management

• Mission planning with option for multiple flights

• Automated pre-flight checks

• Automatic take off, flight and landing

• Autonomous camera triggering

• Automated fail-safe routines

• User controlled fail-safe commands

• Automated data consistency checks

• Export to Trimble Business Center and a generic format for image processing
ii. The Trimble UX5 UAS Autonomous Flight And Navigation Modes 

Enable the UAS to Remain within a Defined Operational Area

 The UX5 has a semi-autonomous navigation and control system comprised of a Ground 

Control Station (GCS) and auto-pilot system. All flights are pre-programmed with GPS guidance 

and do not require human intervention. Flight mission area and routing cannot be changed after 

launch. Flights are not directed by positive manual control, nor are evasive maneuvers. In the 

case of unplanned events, the operator inputs pre-programmed evasive maneuvers from the 

control unit and the control unit executes that maneuver. Pre-programmed operator interventions 

include diversion to the right; initiation of holding at present position; suspension of mission; fly 

back to launch point; fly to point and hold; abort mission and land; and emergency power cut off 

and land (Flight Termination System). 

iii. The Trimble UX5 UAS is Designed for Complete Autonomy from Launch 

to Landing Even In The Unlikely Event Of Loss of the Control Link Or 

Navigation

OPERATION

Endurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 minutes

Range. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 km (37.28 mi)

Cruise speed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 kmh (50 mph)

Maximum ceiling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5000 m (16,404 ft)

Pre-flight system setup time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 minutes

Take off

 Type. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Catapult launch

 Angle. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 degrees

Landing

 Type. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Belly landing

 Angle. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 degrees

Landing space (L x W)2

 Typical. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 m x 6 m (66 ft x 20 ft)

 Recommended. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 m x 30 m (164 ft x 98 ft)

Weather limit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 kmh (40.39 mph) and light rain

Communication & control frequency. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4 GHz (FHSS)

Communication & control range. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Up to 5 km (3.10 mi)

ACQUISITION PERFORMANCE

Resolution (GSD). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.0 cm to 19.5 cm (.79 in to 7.67 in)

Height above take-off location (AGL). . . . . . . 75 m to 750 m (246 ft to 2,460 ft)
Although a degradation or loss of the control link, and/or degradation or loss of the 

source of navigation, is unlikely, it is a situation that is well planned for and therefore, is a 

benign event. The Trimble UX5 UAS is designed for complete autonomy from launch to landing 

with a line of sight operator in the loop monitoring the airframe. Automated safety functions and 

safety enhancing features of the UX5 include the following: 

 Auto-pilot detection of lost GPS or of insufficient satellites initiates an immediate 

spiral landing. 

 Low power on the aircraft triggers escalating alarms at GCS at 35% and 10% 

levels. 

 If the auto-pilot detects a lost-link to the GCS for longer than 30 seconds, landing 

procedure begins. 

 The UX5 is inherently unstable, so auto-pilot fail will result in very rapid exit 

from flight. 

 Aircraft has an on-board failsafe that limits speed in the event of dive to 

approximately 14 m/s. 

 The aircraft, weighing less than 6 lbs., fully loaded, is constructed of EPP foam, 

or similar material which is intended to absorb impact energy. 

 The motor is driven by a pulse width modulated signal, not an analog signal. 

iv. Mobile Operation of The Trimble UX5 UAS

The Trimble UX5 UAS will not be operated in a mobile capacity. All deployments and 

operations of the UAS will be from a stationary position. The only mobility involving the use of 

the Trimble UX5 will be in acquisition of the UAS and relocation of the catapult launcher. 

b. Flight Operations of the Trimble UX5 UAS are Limited to the Line Of Sight 

of A Certificated Private Pilot in Command with a Safety Observer

GDA will only utilize certificated Private Pilots who possess a valid airman medical 

certificate to act as a pilot in command of the Trimble UX5 UAS. Additionally, a safety 

observer will assist all pilots during flight operations. Additionally, both the pilot in 

command and safety observer must complete the Trimble Operators Course and be tested to 
ensure knowledge of the functions and operations of the UAS. The training will be conducted 

at Frontier Precision, a licensed seller and certifier of the Trimble UX5 UAS, located in 

Denver, CO. 

c. Flights will Be Conducted Pursuant to Specific Operating Limitations. 

In seeking this exemption, GDA proposes to commercially operate the Trimble UX5 

UAS for the special purpose of conducting aerial acquisitions within the NAS, pursuant to the 

specific operating limitations set by the FAA for Trimble Navigation Limited. The limitations 

have been attached as Appendix D. 

2. Reasons Why an Exemption from the Requirements of Section 61.113(a) Would Not 

Adversely Affect Safety 

GDA submits that an equivalent level of safety established by Section 61.113(a) will be 

maintained because no PIC will be allowed to operate the Trimble UX5 UAS unless that PIC has 

demonstrated, through the Trimble UX5 UAS training, that the PIC is able to safely operate the 

UAS in a manner consistent with this exemption, including evasive and emergency maneuvers 

and maintaining appropriate distances from people, vessels, vehicles and structures. 

Considering GDA’s proposed area of operations and the operating limitations (Appendix 

D); unlike a conventional aircraft that carries a pilot, passengers, and cargo, the Trimble UX5 

UAS in this case is remotely controlled with no passengers or property of others on board. 

Commercial certification would be unnecessary and not improve the capabilities of the PIC for 

the operation of the Trimble UX5 UAS beyond the private pilot certification and Trimble UX5 

UAS training. 

 Additionally, the FAA has previously granted relief from Section 61.113(a), specific to 

UAS, in circumstances similar, in all material respects, to those presented herein (e.g. Exemption 

Nos. 11062, 11063, 11064, 11065, 11066, 11067, 11080, 11109, 11110, 11112, 11136, 11138, 

11150, 11153, 11156, 11158, 11159, 11160, 11161, 11170, 11171, 11172, 11174, 11176, 11177, 

11178, 11185, 11188, 11189, 11191, 11192, 11193, 11194, 11195, 11204, 11206, 11208, 

11209). 
3. Reasons Why An Exemption from the Requirements of Section 91.7(a) Would Not 

Adversely Affect Safety

The level of safety established by Section 91.7(a) will be maintained because prior to 

every flight, GDA will ensure that the Trimble UX5 UAS is in an airworthy condition and safe 

for flight based upon the Trimble UX5 UAS’s compliance by conducting a pre-flight check 

before each operation and following its operating documents (i.e., the Trimble UX5 Aerial 

Imaging Solution User Guide, and the Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution Maintenance 

Guide) and as stated in the conditions and limitations. 

Additionally, the FAA has previously granted relief from Section 91.7(a), specific to 

UAS, in circumstances similar, in all material respects, to those presented herein (e.g. Exemption 

Nos. 11062, 11063, 11064, 11065, 11066, 11067, 11080, 11109, 11110, 11112, 11136, 11138, 

11150, 11153, 11156, 11157, 11158, 11159, 11160, 11161, 11166, 11167, 11170, 11171, 11172, 

11174, 11177, 11178, 11185, 11188, 11189, 11191, 11192, 11193, 11194, 11195, 11204, 11206, 

11208, 11209). 

4. Reasons Why An Exemption From The Requirements Of Section 91.119(c) Would Not 

Adversely Affect Safety 

Section 91.119 establishes safe altitudes for operation of civil aircraft. Specifically, 

91.119(c) limits aircraft flying over areas other than congested areas to an altitude of 500 feet 

above the surface, except over open water or sparsely populated areas. In those cases, the aircraft 

may not be operated closer than 500 feet to any person, vessel, vehicle, or structure. 

As set forth herein, the UX5 will never operate at higher than 400 feet AGL. It will, 

however, be operated to avoid congested or populated areas that are depicted in yellow on VFR 

sectional - 5 - charts. Because aerial survey work must be accomplished at relatively low 

altitudes and at altitudes less than 500 feet AGL, an exemption from Section 91.119(c) is needed. 

The equivalent level of safety will be achieved given the size, weight, speed, and material 

with which the UX5 is built. Also, no flight will be taken without the permission of the land 

owner or those who control the land. Because of the advance notice to the landowner, all 

affected individuals will be aware of the survey flights. Compared to aerial survey operations 
conducted with aircraft or rotorcraft weighing far more than 5.5 lbs. and carrying flammable 

fuel, any risk associated with these operations will be far less than those currently allowed with 

conventional aircraft operating at or below 500 feet AGL. Indeed, the low-altitude operations of 

the UAS will maintain separation between these small-UAS operations and the operations of 

conventional aircraft that must comply with Section 91.119. 

The FAA has previously granted relief from Section 91.119(c) specific to UAS, in 

circumstances similar, in all material respects, to those presented herein (e.g. Exemption Nos. 

11062, 11063, 11064, 11065, 11066, 11067, 11080, 11109, 11110, 11111, 11112, 11114, 11136, 

11138, 11150, 11153, 11156, 11157, 11158, 11159, 11160, 11161, 11166, 11167, 11170, 11171, 

11172, 11174, 11176, 11177, 11178, 11184, 11185, 11188, 11189, 11191, 11192, 11193, 11194, 

11195, 11204, 11206, 11208, 11209). 

5. Reasons Why an Exemption from the Requirements of Section 91.121 Would Not 

Adversely Affect Safety 

 The equivalent level of safety established by Section 91.121 will be maintained because 

the altitude of the Trimble UX5 UAS will be reported to air traffic control (ATC) in feet above 

ground level (AGL), and GDA will operate the UAS within visual line of sight, at or below 400 

feet AGL. Furthermore, the altitude information of the Trimble UX5 UAS will be provided to 

the PIC via the GPS equipment, and radio communications which transmits altitude information 

to the control system. Prior to each flight, a zero altitude initiation point is established at ground 

level. 

 The FAA has previously granted relief from Section 91.121 specific to UAS, in 

circumstances similar, in all material respects, to those presented herein (e.g. Exemption Nos. 

11062, 11063, 11064, 11065, 11066, 11067, 11080, 11109, 11112, 11136, 11138, 11150, 11153, 

11156, 11157, 11158, 11159, 11160, 11161, 11166, 11167, 11170, 11171, 11174, 11176, 11177, 

11178, 11185, 11188, 11189, 11191, 11192, 11193, 11194, 11195, 11204, 11206, 11208, 

11209). 

 
6. Reasons Why an Exemption from the Requirements of Section 91.151(a) Would Not 

Adversely Affect Safety 

This regulation prohibits an individual from beginning “a flight in an airplane under VFR 

conditions unless (considering wind and forecast weather conditions) there is enough fuel to fly 

to the first point of intended landing and, assuming normal cruising speed – (1) During the day, 

to fly after that for at least 30 minutes; or (2) At night, to fly after that for at least 45 minutes.” 

 The UX5 batteries provide approximately 50 minutes of powered flight. Without an 

exemption from § 14 CFR 91.151, the UAS’s flights would be limited to approximately 20 

minutes in length. Given the limitations on its proposed operations and the location of those 

proposed operations, a longer time frame for flight in daylight VFR conditions is reasonable. 

 GDA believes that an exemption from 14 CFR § 91.151(a) is safe and within the scope of 

a prior exemption. Operating the small UAS, without 30 minutes of reserve fuel does not 

engender the type of risks that Section 91.151(a) was meant to prevent given the size and speed 

at which the UAS operates. The fact that it carries no pilot, passenger, or cargo also enhances its 

safety. Additionally, limiting UX5 flights to 20 minutes would greatly reduce their utility. In the 

unlikely event that the UX5 should run out of fuel, it would simply land. Given its weight and 

construction material, the risks are less than contemplated by the current regulation. 

GDA believes that an equivalent level of safety can be achieved by maintaining 10 

minutes of reserve fuel (battery power), which, allowing 40 minutes of flight time, would be 

more than adequate to return the UAS to its planned landing zone from anywhere in its operating 

area. Due to the loss of utility and difficulty of maintaining line of sight of the Trimble UX5 

UAS, GDA will not operate the UAS during nighttime operations. 

The FAA has previously granted relief from Section 91.151, specific to UAS, in 

circumstances similar, in all material respects, to those presented herein (e.g. Exemption Nos. 

8811, 10808, 10673, 11042, 11062, 11063, 11064, 11065, 11066, 11067, 11080, 11109, 11110, 

11136, 11138, 11150, 11153, 11156, 11157, 11158, 11159, 11160, 11161, 11166, 11167, 11170, 

11171, 11172, 11174, 11176, 11177, 11178, 11185, 11188, 11189, 11191, 11192, 11193, 11194, 

11195, 11204, 11206, 11208, 11209). 

 
7. Reasons Why An Exemption From The Requirements Of Sections 91.405(a), 

91.407(a)(1), 91.409(a)(1) & (a)(2), And 91.417(a) & (b) Would Not Adversely Affect Safety

Section 91.405(a) requires that an aircraft operator or owner “shall have that aircraft 

inspected as prescribed in subpart E of this part and shall between required inspections, except as 

provided in paragraph (c) of this section, have discrepancies repaired as prescribed in part 43 of 

this chapter . . . .” Section 91.407 similarly makes reference to requirements in Part 43; Section 

91.409(a)(2) requires an annual inspection for the issuance of an air worthiness certificate. 

Section 91.417(a) requires the owner or operator to keep records showing certain maintenance 

work that has been accomplished by certificated mechanics, under Part 43, or licensed pilots and 

records of approval of the aircraft for return to service. 

Maintenance of the UX5 will be accomplished by the owner/operator pursuant to the 

manuals, such as Exhibit 3, provided by Trimble. An equivalent level of safety will be achieved 

because the UAS is small in size, will carry no external payload, will operate only in restricted 

predetermined areas and is not a complex mechanical devise. As provided in the attached 

Maintenance Manual and the Safety Checklist, which were reviewed as part of Trimble’s SAC 

application, the operator of UX5 will ensure that the UAS is in working order prior to initiating 

flight, perform required maintenance, and keep a log of any maintenance that is performed. 

Moreover, the operator is the person most familiar with the aircraft and is best suited to maintain 

the aircraft in an airworthy condition and to ensure an equivalent level of safety. 

The UX5’s Maintenance Manual provides for replacement of the airframe every 50 hours 

of flight. This will ensure an equivalent level of safety to the maintenance requirements in Part 

91. In addition, between such air frame replacements, should a mechanical issue arise, the 

aircraft will either return to its launch site or immediately land. 

The FAA has previously granted relief specific to UAS in circumstances similar, in all 

material respects, to those presented herein (e.g. Exemption Nos. 11062, 11063, 11064, 11065, 

11066, 11067, 11080, 11109, 11110, 11112, 11136, 11138, 11150, 11153, 11156, 11157, 11158, 

11159, 11160, 11161, 11166, 11167, 11170, 11171, 11172, 11174, 11176, 11177, 11178, 11185, 

11188,11189, 11191, 11192, 11193, 11194 ,11195, 11204, 11206, 11208, 11209). 

 
A Summary That Can Be Published in 

The Federal Register, stating:

 The Rules From Which GDA Seeks Exemption: 

GDA Engineers seeks exemption from the requirements of 14 C.F.R. Sections 61.113(a), 

91.7(a), 91.119(c), 91.121, 91.151(a)(1), 91.405(a), 91.407(a)(1), 91.409(a)(1) & (a)(2), 

and 91.417(a) & (b). 

 

A Brief Description Of The Nature Of The Exemption GDA Seeks: 

This exemption will permit GDA Engineers to commercially operate an Unmanned 

Aircraft System (UAS) for the purpose of conducting aerial acquisitions and research 

within the National Airspace System (NAS). 

 
Appendix A – Trimble UX5 Unmanned Aircraft 

System Data Sheet 

 
Appendix B – Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging 

Solution User Guide 

 
Appendix C – Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging 

Solution Maintenance Guide 

 
Appendix D – Conditions and Limitations 

 
Appendix E – Trimble UX5 Launcher Quick Start 

Guide 
Before you use the Trimble® UX5 launcher, make sure that you have read and 

understood all safety requirements in this guide. 

This guide explains how to:

• Prepare the launcher.

• Use the launcher to launch the Trimble UX5 aerial imaging rover.

• Disassemble the launcher.

TRIMBLE UX5 LAUNCHER

1

Before you head out 

to the fi eld

Make sure the launcher bag 

contains the following items:

• Safety pin.

• Launch dock with lock 

pin.

• V-support.

• Crank.

• Launch slide with elasti cs.

• Trimble UX5 Launcher 

Quick Start Guide (this 

document)

QUICK START GUIDE
2. Secure each secti on of the launch 

slide by lift ing the appropriate 

handle and hooking it into the 

next secti on of the launch slide. 

Close the handles. 

2

3. Unfold and secure the V-support 

with the lock pin.

To att ach the V-support to the 

launch slide, make sure the 

knob is pointi ng to the left and 

then insert the V-support pins 

in the reserved holes, situated 

approximately 2/3 of the length 

of the launch slide. Turn the knob 

to the right to ti ghten.

Assembling the launcher

You are prompted to prepare the launcher during the fl ight checklist.

1. Unfold the launch slide.

C CAUTION – Take care when unfolding the launch slide as there are sharp edges that 

can cause fi nger cuts.
4. Pull the ends of the launcher cord out of the launch slide so that the cord 

lies on top of the launch slide.

Note – If the launcher cord is blocked while the elasti cs are not ti ghtened, pull 

the release handles upward to unblock them.

C CAUTION – Never push the release handles when there is tension on the launcher 

cord. You will damage the elasti cs. If there is tension on the launcher cord, see step 1 of 

“Disassembling the launcher.” 

5. Positi on the launch dock on the end of the launch slide with the tabs on the 

launch dock pointi ng toward the directi on of launch.

6. Slide the launch dock over the ends of the launcher cord. 

7. To att ach the ends of the launcher cord to the launch dock, remove the lock 

pin from the launch dock and then slide the lock pin through the holes in the 

launch dock, att aching the ends of the launcher cord as you do so. Secure 

the lock pin.

3
8. Slide the launch dock over the hook at the beginning of the launch slide. 

Make sure the launch dock clicks into positi on and the trigger is not blocked.

9. Insert the safety pin into the launch dock.

C WARNING – Always keep the safety pin inserted in the launch dock. Remove the 

safety pin only just before launch. Early removal of the safety pin can result in accidental 

release of the launcher, causing serious personal injury and damage to the UX5 or 

launcher.

C CAUTION – Never launch without the UX5 sitti ng on the dock as it will damage the 

launch dock. The design of the launcher takes into account the weight of the UX5 sitti ng 

on the launch dock.

10. Positi on the launcher at the planned takeoff locati on, with the launch 

directi on pointi ng into the planned takeoff directi on.

11. Make sure the takeoff locati on is free of obstacles:

• From 0 m to 50 m (164 ft ): No obstacles within 30° to the left and right.

• From 50 m to 280 m (164 ft to 919 ft ): No obstacles above the 15° safety 

angle and within 25 m (82 ft ) lto the left and right of the launch directi on.

4
Placing the UX5 onto the launcher

1. Positi on the UX5 at the front of the launch dock and use your fi nger ti ps to 

guide the launcher slats on the underside of the UX5 onto the lips of the 

launch dock.

5

2. Use the arti fi cial horizon indicator in the Aerial Imaging soft ware to check 

the pitch and roll of the UX5 on the launch dock:

The pitch angle should be between 20° and 30° and the roll angle should be 

between -5° and 5°. The horizon should be positi oned parallel to the UX5 on 

the arti fi cial horizon indicator. 

If you need to adjust the horizon, repositi on the launcher.

C WARNING – Take care to ensure the UX5 is correctly positi oned on the launch 

dock. An incorrect positi on can result in launch failure, causing serious personal injury 

and damage to the rover or launcher. 
Removing the safety pin

Positi on yourself behind the launcher, reach carefully under the UX5 and then 

pull out the safety pin.

C WARNING – Always take care to avoid contact with the propeller blades. If the UX5 

receives a sudden shock while armed, the motor can unexpectedly start causing the 

propeller blades to move. Contact with moving propeller blades can result in serious 

personal injury.

Tightening the launcher cord elasti cs

1. Insert the crank onto the nut located toward the front end of the launch 

slide.

2. Stretch the launcher cord using the crank. In normal circumstances, the node 

between the cord and elasti c should be in the middle of the hole numbered 

“4” on the launcher. 

C CAUTION – The launcher cord stretches with every launch. When you can 

easily reach the last hole when ti ghtening the cord, replace the launcher cord to 

prevent unsuccessful launches or damage to equipment. For more informati on, click 

Maintenance in the Home screen

3. Remove the crank.

6
Launching the UX5

Once you have armed the system, the software prompts you to launch the 

aircraft.

1. Just before launch, perform the following safety checks:

• Make sure there are no aerial objects inside the zone of operation.

• Make sure you have a clear line of sight to the UX5.

• Make sure there are no obstacles or people near the front of the 

launcher. 

C WARNING – Make sure you complete each of the safety checks listed at this 

step. Failure to do so could result in serious personal injury and damage to the UX5 or 

launcher.

2. When you have made sure that everything is clear in front of, above, and 

behind the launcher, stand behind the launcher and press the launch handle 

to launch the UX5.

C CAUTION – Never launch without the UX5 sitting on the dock as it will damage the 

launch dock. The design of the launcher takes into account the weight of the UX5 sitting 

on the launch dock.

3. If an obstacle such as a person or animal suddenly appears in the obstacle 

clearance zone during takeoff, tap the FTS icon in the Aerial Imaging 

software. The UX5 immediately powers down and returns to the ground. 

For more information, refer to the Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User 

Guide.

After launch, the UX5 flies to the first waypoint, which is highlighted in the 

Dashboard tab. If the UX5 is not yet at the flight height when it reaches this 

point, it climbs in circles of 100 m radius until it reaches the desired height.

4. After launch, release the tension on the launcher cord. Leaving tension 

on the launcher cord for extended periods can damage the elastics. See 

“Disassembling the launcher.” 

7
www.trimble.com P/N UX-D00106-01

UX-D00106-01

© 2013-2015, Trimble Navigation Limited. All rights reserved. Trimble and the Globe and Triangle logo are trademarks of 

Trimble Navigation Limited, registered in the United States and in other countries. All other trademarks are the property 

of their respective owners. Translation of the original instructions. Revision D (February 2015).

Disassembling the launcher

1. Release the tension on the launcher cord, if you have not already. 

To release the tension, release the force with the crank very gently while 

pulling the release handles in the front of the launcher upward. This is safest 

done with two people, with one person carefully winding the crank counterclockwise to counteract the force on the elastics. 

2. Remove the lock pin on the launch dock and detach the launcher cord.

3. Using the crank, tighten the launcher cord so that most of the cord is in the 

launch slide but the end remains out. Remove the crank.

4. Slide the launch dock off the front of the launch slide.

5. To detach the V-support, turn the knob upward and then slide the pins out 

of the holes in the launch slide. Remove the lock pin on the V-support to fold 

the legs and then reinsert the lock pin.

C CAUTION – Take care when folding the V-support legs not to jam or cut fingers. 

6. Open the handle fixes on the launch slide and fold the launch slide.

7. Return all of the launcher items to the launcher bag.

8