### UN ITED STATES ENV l nONMENTAL PROTECT ION AGENCY WASHINGTON D .C., 20460 

### M

AR 03 2011 OFFICEOF CHEMICAL SAFETY AND POLLUTION PREVENTION MEMORAND UM SUBJECT: FROM:

THR U:

TO: B EAD C hemica l P rofile f or R eg istration Rev iew : Fos e t y l- A I ( 1 2330 1) 

### Le onard Y ourman, P lant Path o l og i st

# ~~ Bi ological An alysis Branch 

# a- I , . 

## l

<**I!'** 

### J

i had A l sadek, E conomist 

## .T 

# d..j1 k ... Sc ience Inf ormation 

### and An a ' 

### ysis Branch 

## r-::1



# _ 'h At £1 J

ohn F aulkner, Eco nomist 

# ;;JLW'"'v, - I 

### Econom ic A naly s is Bran ch B iological and Econo mic**Am** 

### ivi sio n (750 3P) 

### Arn et J ones, Chief 

### tV (A..'-1''Y l"""'--; ""- Biological A nalysis Branch' D iann S ims , C h ief

# ~~

# :~;;;;:;;;:~;;~~::**:):an~** 

# \ y B i ological and E conom ic

# An**a~ si~ivi** **sion** 

# ( 7':a3r-) Kell y Ballard , Ch emical Revi ew M ana ger R

i sk Manag ement and Imple mentation Branc h I Pe sticide R eevaluation D ivi sion ( 750 8P) Product Review Pan el: Februa ry 16,201 1 I NTROD U CTIO N 

### Th e purpo se o f this 

### d ocument i s t o convey u sa ge i nf ormation 

### and a b road o verview of the 

### pe st mana geme nt r oles o f a pe st

icide that is beginn ing 

### t o underg o regi stra t i on r eview . Th e anti cipated audien ce consis t s o f t h

e team of E P

A s ta ff curr ently evalu ating th e regi st ration s ta tuso f'fosetyl-Al , and ev entually, th e ge neral p ublic . T hi s doc ument build s upo n th e d ata alr eady p rovided in th e " Us a ge and La bel U se D ata Pac ka ge s" th at ar e al so p rovided to Registration Rev iew teams b y the B iological and Econom ic A nalysis D ivision (BE AD). Th e do cument i s b ased o n inf ormation and d ata ava ilable to**B::~AD** as o f Januar y, 2 011. Fo se tyl-Al ( e.g. , 

### A liette ") is a ph o sphon ate f un gicide , r elated t o v ariou s ph osphorous ac id f ungicide products, s uch a s Prol' hyt " and Agri -Fos " ( Bruning s e t a l. , 20 05). Fo r purp ose s o f resistance m anagement , fos etyl-AI (a lso kno wn as a luminum tri s and O -ethyl pho sphonate) i s grouped acco rding to it s mode o f ac tion as a p hosphonate fung icide ( "Group 33 " co de numb er) ( FRAC , 20 I0 ). U pon d isassociation in the so il f ose ty l- A I an d ph osphorous acid products rele ase pho sphonate ions (p hosphite), whi ch ac t to c o nt ro l vari ous Oo mycete p athogens that c ause Ph ytophthora ro ts an d do wny milde ws on nu me ro us c rops . 

### USE SITES A gricultural Us e Sit es Acc ording to th e LUIS report th ere w ere numerou s registered c rop use s f or f o s etyl-Al inclu ding u ses o n avoca do , a lmond, B rassica c rops, cane b e rry ( Figure 4 ), citrus (Fi gure 2 ) , c ucurbit c rops, gr ape, l e af y gr eens (F igure 1 ; F igure 3) , m ac ad amia n ut , p ome fruit , s to ne f ruit, s trawberry (F igure 5), tomato , wa lnut , o rnamental pl an t" (Fig ure 7), a nd t urf (F igure 6 ) . No n-Agricultural Use Si tes Fose tyl-Al ma y be u s ed to tr eat irrigation wa l.e r . It i s prim arily u sed to c ontrol th e wa ter-borne path ogen s Ph ytophthora s p p. wh en irrig ation wat er i s re cycled f rom s tanding water r e s ervoirs. 

### COMMON FORMULATIONS AND APPLI CATION MET HODS Fose tyl-AI i s f ormulated as wa ter di spersible g ranules, emul si on c oncentrate, and a re ady-to-use so lution . Fose tyl-Al m ay b e applied b y ground s prayer , c hemigation , o r ae ria l appl ication de pending o n the c rop and location (Ta ble I , T able 2) . For exam ple , ae rial treatment o f lettuc e ma y be u sed in so me locations un der we t fi el d co nditions (C rop P rofile fo r Lea f Le ttuce in C al if ornia, 20 01) . Th e application method m ay v ary ac cording to fi eld c onditions in a part icular ye ar (Ta ble 2 ). 

### FOSETY L ·AL U SAGE B ased o n pr ivate m arket pe sticide u sage data , t he ann ual total ag ricultural cr op u sage av eraged 2. 4 Ib/ acre (i .e. , 600, 000 lb . active in gredie nt [a .i.] o n appr oximately 25 0 ,00 0 acre s) (O fK K ynetec , 1 998-2008). F rom 1 998-2008 , the lar gest market s in term s o f t otal p ounds a .i . applied were lettuce ( 64%), or anges ( 10%), and s pinach (7%). Pe rcentag es o f acres-treated are alm ost th e s ame of th e p ercentages f or t otal p ound s a.i. applied. 

### (Or K Ky netec , 1 998-2008) .

2For the s ame time p eriod, th e s tat es with th e m o s t a gricultural u sage in t erm s of pound s a.i . applied w ere C al if ornia (78%) , Fl orida (10 % ) , an d A rizona ( 7%) . (GlK K ynetec , 1998- 2008) . Data for turf and nur sery / gr eenhou se u se s ar e limited . Fo se tyl-A I's u sage o n g olf c our se s and nur serie s/greenhouses peaked in 2002 , at 37 0,000 Ib a .i . and 14 ,000 Ib a.i. , re s pectively (K line and C o ., 2 000-200 6). A ccording to the d ata, f o s etyl-AI u se on in stitutional turf was reported o nly in 2 006 ( 23 , 000 lb . a .i. ) . La wn Care Ope rators (LCO s) u sed le ss than 1 ,000 lb . a.i. in 1999 and 200 6 ( Kline and Co . , 20 00-2006). U SE TRENDS Fig ures 1- 5 s ho w hi storical u sage d ata, f rom 1998-2008, f or lettuc e, or ange s, s pinach , can eberrie s , and s tra w b e rries. Th e u s age of f o se ty l- A l o n lettuce and o ran g e s fluctu ated e xcept f or o ranges , wh ich pea ked in 1999 and 2 000 ( F i g u res 1 and 2) . Use on s pina c h p eaked in 200 5 (F igure 3 ). C aneb erry crop s ( Figure 4) w ere n o t s urveyed before 2 006 . Us age o n s trawberries h a s flu ctuated with pe ak u s age in 2 00 1 ( Figure 5). Fo se tyl-AI u sage o n b oth golf c our s e s (Fig ure 6) and nur sery/greenhouse (F igure 7 ) peaked in 200 2 and fe n in 2004 an d 2006 . The se data ha ve not b een anal yzed in d etail a nd ar e provided l o r prelimin ary s coping p urpo se s o nly . 

### Additional D ata Fo r f osetyl-AI, m o st f ood c rops ha ve a lab el-maximum ap plication rat e o f 4 lb . a .i . per a cre, e xcept f or s om e tropical c rops s uch as ma ca da mia nut ( 6 . 0 lb . a .i. /ac r e), b anana (4 .8 lb . a .i .lacre), and pine apple ( 12 . 0 lb. a .i .l acre). T ur f ( g olf co urse , so d f arms, c ommercial turf) label s s how a m aximum r ate o f up to 1 8.0 lb. a .i.z a cre. BEAD examin ed add itional data c ollected f o r 2 006-2008 : 1 ) ho w thi s c hem ic al h as b een u s ed (ae rial , g round , c hemigation , and s pot tr eat m ent) , 2) application rate di str ibuti on s a nd h ow th ey co mpare to the l abel rate f or the d ifferent cro ps, and 3) av erage appli c ation rate per acr e u sed f or e ach c rop in va rious s tates (G fK Kynectec , 2 -:1 06-2008) . The data B EAD e xamined s ho w e d that mo st o f th e ac re s tr eated w ith fose tyl A I ar e i n Ca lifornia . A pplication m ethod s (a erial , gro und , chemi gation, o r s pot), use ra te s, a nd acr es-treated m ay v ary acc ording to th e c rop and yea r (e .g ., Ta ble 1 , T abl e 2) . V ariation in u sage, u se rate, and c hoice s o f applicat io n meth od may be a ffected b y s uch f actors a s we ather co nditions and d isease pre ssure i n a p arti cular ye ar .

3

### de lA I r S I 

### f F 

### U R a e 

### ax rm um s e ale s 0 o set yr - 

### o r e ec te 

### ro ps . C rop S ta t e Applic a ti I n M ethod Maximum S urveyed U se Ra te l A DDle s w as hin ero n G round 2 .0 Asoarazus Californ ia G round 3 .0 Graoe fru it Flori da G ro

und 4 .0 C an eberri es" Ca lifornia G round 4 .0 Cane be rrie s W ash i n to n Groun d 4 .0 Lem ons A ri zona G r ound 4 .0 Le ttuce Ari z ona G roun d 1.6 Lettuc e C alifo rn ia Aeri al, Gr ou n

d 3 .2 O ranees C alifo rnia G r oun d. C h

ern ,'!a l i

e n 4 .0 O rang e s F lorida G roun d . C he rn g ano n, Sp o

t 4 . 0 Pe

ar s Ca lif o

rnia G ro un d 4 .0 Pi

stach io s C aliforn ia G ro un d 4 .0 S

pin ac h Ar izo n

a A eri al 1. 6 Spinac h C aliforn i a Aerial , Grou n d 3. 2 SQu as h F l ori da G round 2 .0 Stra wberrie s Cali fo rn ia G roun d , C hern i al i e n 5 00 1 3. 3 S tr a

w be rri

es Mic h iean Groun d 4 . 0 Stra w berri e s O reeo n Gro und, 5DOt 4 .0 T

omatoe s Ca lifornia C hemig ati o n 1. 6 To m

atoe s Fl orida Gr ound 4 .0 

### T bl 1 M

S

ource . G fK K yn etec , 2006-2008 . I R ates m ay vary in a g iven yeardepending on co ndit i ons that affect di se ase dev el opme nt. 2 B lackberry and rasp berry arc inclu ded in the c anebe rry cro p gro u

p ; th ey were not neces sari ly d iffe ren tiated in da ta s urveys. 

### Tabl e 2 . P roportion of the To tal Area Treat e .! with Fos etyl -Al b y App li cation Meth od( s ) . P

er cent o r Total A rea Treat ed bv A oolication Method C rop State Year o r S urvey G round A erial C h e mfg atlo e S pot T reatment L

ettu ce Ca lif

orn ia 2006 60 40 20 07 34 66 20 0 8 9 9 

### t Orane es Cali fo rn ia 2006 100 20 06 10 0 2

008 9 8 2 Oran ge s Fl orida 2006 98 2 2

007 99 

### t 200 8 100 S ninach Californ i a 2 006 58 42 2

007 98 2 2

008 64 3 6 Stra wbe rry Cali forn ia 2 006 70 22 8 2007 87 13 2

00 8 89 It S tra w be Ore o n 2006 100 2

007 100 20 08 95 5 So urce. G fK K ynetec , 2006 ·200 8 .

4

### F i ure 

### I. Po und s of Fose tyl-AI A ppli ed to Le ttu ce ( 1998 -2 008) 

## Lettuce 90 0,000 ,- - - --- - - - - - -- - - -- -

Po unds A . I .



### o 1 998 1999 20 00 200 120 0 Z 2003 200 4 20 05 200 6 2 007 20 08 Y

ears S ou rce: G fK K yn ete c, 1 9 98- 2 008 

### F i 

### ure 2 . P ound s o f Fosc t 

## Oranges 180 ,000 ,- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ---

Pounds A.I .



## o 1 998 1999 2000 200 1 20 02 2 0 03 2004 2005 2006 2007 20 08 Y

ears So urc e : G fK Kyne te c, 1 9 98- 2 0 0 8

5

### Figure 3 . Pounds o f Fose tvl

-A I A oolied to Sui nach ( 1 99 8

- 2008) 

# Sp inach 8 0 ,000 ,. - - ---- - - - - - - - - - -

Po unds A . I

.

1998 1 999 2000 2001 2 002 2 003 2 004 2005 2006 2 007 2 008 Y

ea rs So urc e : G fK K ynerec, 1998 · 2008 

### Fi ur e 4 . P o und s of Fo s et I

- Al Ap li ed to C aneberrie s 2 006

- 2008 3 0,000 ,. -- - - - - - - - .- - - - - - ---

Po undsA.I.



### 0 -1-

- 2006 So urce : GfK Kyne t e c , 2006 ·200 8 20 07 v ee r s

6 2008

## S t raw berries Fi ure 5 . Pou nds o f Fo se t I-AI A 30 ,000

Pounds A .I .



### o 1 998 1 999 2000 2001 200 2 2 003 200 4 2 00S 2 006 2007 2 008 Years S ource : GfK Kynetec , 1998 -2008 

### Fi ure 6 . Pound s of Foset I-AI A lied to G ol f Co urse s 1999-2006 

## Golf Cou rses

• Po undsA .1. 400,00 0 300 ,000 200,000 1 00,000

So urce : Kli ne a nd C o ., 20 00 -2007 1999 200 2

7 Y ears 2004 2006Figure 7 . P ounds ofFo set I-AI A lied to l\ urs eries an d G reenhouses 19 99-2006) 

## Nursery/G reenhouse 1 6,000 14 ,000 1 2,000 10 , 000 8,0 00 6,000 • Pounds A. I. 4,000 2,000

S ource: Klin e a nd Co . , 20 00-2007 1 999 2 002 Y ears 2004 200 6



### BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS REL EVANT TO FOSETY L-AL T his s ection d escribes di sease iss ues related 10 l ettuce, s pinach, s trawb e rries , an d c aneberri es c rops where f osetyl-Al has b een wid ely u sed h ist orically . 

### LETTUCE Fos et yl -A l h as b een o ne o f th e m ain f u ngicides us ed to tre at d owny mi ld ew of lettuce. Do wny mild ew i s a s eriou s f oliar di sease o f lettuce, i ncluding in th e maj or p roduction field s o f C alifornia, Arizo na , and F lorida ( Brown e t al . , 2 004 ; C rop Profile f or Leaf Lettuce in Ca lifornia, 2 001 ; C rop Pr ofile f or Le ttuce in A rizona, 2 (100 ; C rop P rofile f or L ettuce in Fl orida , 200 5) . Th e d isease i s mo st pre valent in coo l moist are as , s uc h as th e coastal regions i n Ca lifornia. Downy m ildew is ca used b y th e o bligate f un ga l p arasite Br emia lactucae. Coo l , moist co nditions are n ecessary f or initial di sease d eve l opment. Free moi stur e o n th e l eaf s urf ace i s e ssential fo r s pore ge rmination and i nfection , b ut not g rowth o f th e p athogen within th e le af (C rop Profil e f or Lettuce in Ar izona, 2 000). Init ial sy mptoms are pal e yellow re gions on th e upper- side of o lder leaves w ith w hite spo re g rowt h o n th e lower leaf su rface. I nfection i s lim ited wh en free m oisture from rain, i rrigation o r dew is absent and temperatures r is e a bove th e di sease o ptimum o f 5 0-72 F . Downy mild ew w as n o t o bserv ed in th e lettuce g row ing area s of F lorida until the l ate 1 990s (C rop P rofile fo r Le ttuce in F lorid a, 200 5) . S ubsequently, th e d isease has be en o bserved and can aff ect 2 5% o ft he a creage a nd up to 75 to 80 % if i nfection b egins e arly in the seaso n. C ultural practices to man age down y milde w i ncl ude planting v arieties o f le ttuce w ith tolerance o r res istance to th e p athogen . Fa nners ge nerally di sk in c rop residue t o d estroy s pore s betw een

8c rops . The p athogen i s ca pable of s urviv al 01 a numb er o f n ative wee ds s uch a s c hicory, c udweed, scwthistle, a nd w ild lettuce (Cro p P rofile f or Lettuce i n F lor ida, 2 005) . Res istance b y Bremia lactucae h as b een o b serv e d to f csetyl- Al (B rown, e t a I., 2 004) and m ef enoxam (C rop Pr ofile f or Le ttuce in Flor : .da , 2 005), bo th hi storically i mportant fun gicides u sed aga inst le ttuce d owny m ildew. Fose ty l-A I h as be en use d for d owny m ildew co ntrol wit h th e numb er o f f oli ar a pplications i n Ca lifornia hi storically r angin g fro m non e up to fo ur a pplicatio ns p er acre per seaso n in th e coa sta l regions, an d fr om n one up t o two a pplications in 

### th e desert (Crop Profile for Leaf Lettuce in Calif orn ia, 2001) . Preventative appl ications o f bro ad-spectrum c o p p e r or s ulfur p roducts are rec omm ended w hen th ere i s a p eriod o f coo l, m oist weat her b efor e d i sease has been d etected. I n recent ye ars , seve ral f ungicides h ave b een registe red for man agin g do wny mild ew o n lettu c e . R egistered fun gicides ( not all a re n ecessarily registered in a ll s tates } i nclude fose tyl-Al , m ef e n oxam ( Ridomil'"), dim ethom orph (e.g ., Acro bat "), famox adone 

### + cy moxan il (Tan os " ) , fe n ami done (Reaso n '"), mandipropamid ( Revus "), p ropamocarb (Pre v ic ur "), azo x l s trobin (O uadris ") , p yraclostrobin (C abrio'") , ac ibenzolar (Ac tigar d") , flu opicolide ( Pres idio ), co pper, s u lf ur , and var ious mo noa nd di-p otas sium sa lts ( Ols on and Sant os , 20 10 ; So utheast Vegetable C r o p Han dbook, 2 010) . In ad dition , th ere are vario us b acterial pro ducts f o rmul ate d f or f oliar ap pl ica tion. So me f ungicides o f d if ferent ch emistries can b e tank -mixed o r a lternated t o re duce resi s tance by th e p ath ogen t o an in dividual fu ngicide . G round a pplication o f fu ngicides are th e pr ef err ed method , h owever , ae rial tr eatm ents are a lso u sed , es pecially un d er we t fi eld co ndition s ( C rop Pro file f or Lea f Le ttuce in C alifornia, 200 1). Ae rial a pplicat io n s are not a llowed in some s tates, s uc h as New Yo rk. 

### S PINACH Downy mild ew po ses the m ost se rious thre at for C alifornia g rowers (C rop Profile f or S pinach in Cali fornia , 1 999) . Fosety l-Al h as b een a s t ard ar d tr eatment f or d iseas e man ag ement. D owny m ildew o f s pinach ( Peronosporafo rtnosa f. sp . s p inaci a e) ca uses se rious l osse s during coo l, we t wea ther . Initial s y m p to m s includ e irre gular patches o f g rayi s h m yceli a o n th e un der sid es of o lder l eaves. Th en the up per s urface s of th e : eaves d evel op irr egul ar c h lorotic l e si on s. In later s tages o f inf ection l esi on s tum bro wn and le aves b ec om e c urled , d isto rte d and l ater die . E ntire s pinach fi elds c an b e ru ined with th is rapidly sp rea ding di sease. In re c en t year s, n ew race s of th e p athogen h ave a ppeared in C a lif orn ia w ith u nkno wn l evels o f v irulenc e ( Koike and Corre ll , 2 010) a gainst cu ltivars d eveloped to resis t d iff erent rac es o f th e path og en . Fungicide s are g enerally app lied t o s p in ac h c rop s as pr eventative trea tmen ts agai nst d owny mild ew . S pinach cr op s ar e gro uped (a long 

### with lettuce) as " leafy vegetab les , exce pt B rassi ca" , th ere ar e ge nerally th e s a m e fun gicides av a ilab le f or do wny mild ew control of s pinach as fo r lettuce . These i nclude fose tyl-A l, mefen oxam ( Ri domi l®), dim ethomorph (e .g., Ac robat '"), f

amoxadone + cy moxanil (Ta nos '"), fenamidon c (Reaso n'"), mandipro pamid (Rev u s'"), gro pamocarb (Previcur '"), azox ystrobin (Q uadris '"), p yraclo st robin (Ca brio '"), aci benz o lar (Act igard ), fl uopicolide ( Presidio " ), co pper , s ulfur , and v a r ious m ono- a nd di-p otassi um sa lts (UC Pes t M anagement G uideline s, 2 009b; So utheas t Vege table C rop Hand book, 2 010; O lson an d S anto s, 

### 2010). 9STRAWBERRY 

### Foset y l- A I is used to control Phytop hthora d i seases of strawberry . O ther commo n fu ngicide treatments are m efenoxam or p hosphorous a dd p roduct s (Crop Pro file fo r St rawberry in N o rt h Caro lina, 2003 ; Adas kaveg e t a I. , 20 10 ; UC P es t Manageme nt Gu ide li nes, 20 08a ; O l son and S an tos, 2010; WSU, 2 007 ) . A lthough no t Iiste d a s a t arget p athogen on the l abel s, azoxy strob in and pyraclo s trobi n h ave s ho wn efficacy ag ains t leather ro t (Re bo llar

- A lv i ter et al., 2005) . Phyto phthora d isease s of s trawberry i nclu de c row n rot ( most co mmon ly cau sed 

### by Phytophthora c ac torum, bu t a l so 

### P . c itricola, P. paras itica , and P . me ga sperma), le ather ro t ( caused b y 

### Phytophthora ca ctorum), a nd red s tele (caused b y 

### Phytophthora fr aga riae var.fragariae) ( Crop Profile for Straw berrie s in Florida, 20 10 ; C ro p P rofile for S trawberr ie s in C a l i f o rn ia, 1999 ; UC Pe s t Manage ment G uide lin es, 2008b) . P hytoph thora s pecies prod uce mo tile wa ter -bo rne zoospo res that can move th rough co ntaminated i rrigation wa ter a nd s tanding water d ue to p c o r drai nage. Crown rot i s c ha racter i ze d b y a s udden decl ine a nd w ilt of p lant s. Infected transp lant s a re t he p ri mary s ource o f i noc ulum f or crown ro t epidemics in F lorida (Crop P rofile for Strawberr ie s in F lorida , 20 I 0) . Lea th er rot can infec t a ll p lant p art s and can resu lt in b ro wn , le ath ery f ru it (U 'C Pest Manage me nt Guideli ne s, 2008b) . Sympto ms of red s tele i ncl ude s tunting, fi rst a p peari ng i n pl ant s located i n l ow , poo rl y d rai ned part s of the fie ld ( UC Pe st Manage ment Gui de line s, 2008a) . S plitti n g affe c ted root s revea l s th e " red s t el e"--c olo r a tio n i n the co re o f the ro o t a bove th e ro tted e nd. Fu m igation u sual ly p recede s pl ant ing bu t m ot ile s pores c an re- infe st fumiga ted p roduction land . F os etyl

- A I can be app lied i n C a l i f ornia as a p re plant dip or a f oli ar s pray beginni ng 2 4 t o 2 1 days afte r planti ng and up t o 30 to 60 day i nterv a l s. Mefenoxa m can be app lied as a grou nd s pray or thr ough drip irrigation ( UC Pest Manage mer.t G u ide li nes, 2008c). Fo setyl -Al an d mefenoxam h ave p rovided e ff ective con trol of th e s e di s e a se s, a ltho ugh res i stance t o these fung icide s h as bee n des c ribe d (CS C, 2003 ; Rebol lar -Alv iter e t a I. , 2 005) . C ANE BE RRY (Ras pberry , B lac kberry) Fo setyl-A l targets two di seases of caneberries-c-downy m ildew and P hyto pthora rot ( UC Pes t Manageme nt Guid eli ne s, 2009a ; Cro p Profile fo r B lackbe rry in Orego n, 2002) . Downy mil dew (Peronospora sparsa) in itial l y c auses a li ght gree n to y ellow di sco loration o n the u pper b lac kbe rry l e af s urface and eve n tua ll y prog resse s to red an d p u rp le . Pri mocane s i nfect e d b y d own y m ildew are ofte n s tu n te d and h av e red s treak s o n t he s ide of th e cane t hat faces th e s un, wit h redd ish colored lenn inal leave s. D owny mil dew-infected b e rri e s are d ull i n l uster, lack turgid ity, and dry o ut rap idly . E ar l y in fec tion of gree n f ru it i nduces pr ema ture redde ning , s hriv eling, and h ardening. Downy m ildew i s m ost p reva lent during w et weat her at te mperat ure s o f 65 °F. T he p athogen overw in ter s a s myce li um in s ide roots , c rown s, and canes . S poru lation is u s ually fo und i n d en s e foliage near th e can e o r at th e b ase o f the pl ant. Ai rborne sp ore s are

1 0produced durin g c ool , wet night s and are di s seminated b y win d . S y mp tom s d evelop within 10 to 11 days after inf ection . Wee d g rowth and de nse c anopies c reate hum i d e nvironment s th at fa vor the dev el opment o f th e di s ease o n s uc kers . F o se tyl-Al, pho sph orou s acid product s , and c opper product s are re commended tr eatment s. If un controll ed, w ith di se a se pr e sent and f a vorable c ondition s f or inf ection, yield lo sse s can rea c h 7 5% ( Crop Profil e f or Red Ra spberrie s in W ashington , 1 999) . Ph yth ophthora rot o f c aneberrie s is c aused by 

### P hy fophthorafra garia e v ar . 

### r ubt, but also b y o ther s pecie s ( O S U , 2010) . Ro ot s become ro tted an d plant s do n ot pr oduce fi bro us ro ots. A fter hot, d ry peri ods o l der l eave s m ay with er o r be come s c orc hed. Fruit s te m s us ually are s ho rte ned and berr ies rema in s mall and o ften wither bef ore r ip e ning . O nce the r oot s ys tem b egin s d eteriorating, new root s m ay ari se from ab o ve d eca yed one s in s umme r. P lant s ma y app e ar to re cover , but ne w ro ot s are o ften w eak and l a ck l at eral development. Th e n ew ro ots in turn b ecome inf ected durin g c old, wet weathe r the next f all and w inter s o th at th e plant pr ogr essiv el y decline s and is unpr oductive . M efenoxam has been th e mo s t e ffective c hemical tre atment , but m ay b e u sed in rot ation with fo setyl-Al or ph o sphorous acid pr oduct s, to re d uce th e likelihood of d evel opment o f r e si stance b y the path ogen (O S U , 2 010; WS U, 2 007). 

### H IST ORY O F BE AD ASSESSMENTS FO R FOSE T YL-AL BEAD h as not co nducted a ss essment s of f o s etyl-Al , e xcept f or so me re views o f e mergency exe mption requ e sts . Emer ge nc y e xempti on s were i s sued for f osetyl-A l for co ntrol of ro ot r ot in o rchard s (Ca lifornia, 1 997), cont rol of d o wny m ildew i n pe as (Idah o , 1 99 9-20 02 ; Was hington, 19 98-2002 ), and fo r co ntrol o f blue mold on to b acco ( C onnecticut , 1 9 97-2 000 ; Ma ss achusetts, 1998 -2000) . Foset y l- A I i s c urrently r egi stere d fo r u s e on vari ous orch ard tree s (e .g., alm onds , av ocado , s tone f ruit , c itru s, p om e fruit ) an d t o bacco. 

### I NFO RMAnO N T H A T M AY BE USE F I L FO R B EAD'S F UT URE W ORK ON F OSE T YL- AL O btaining additional information on th e f ollo wing it ems w ould impro ve f uture B EAD asse ss ment s o f the u se an d u s age of fo se tyl -A l. Th i s i nformation m ay b e imp ortant to c o nsider a s part of th e regi strati on review o f thi s pe s ticid e 1 . Information o n th e u s e a nd u sage of f os etyl-Al f or managing p athog en s in irri gation water s uppl y sys tems . 2 . G ive n th e hi gh l abel u s e rat e f or turf (

- 1 8 Ib /acre) it wo uld b e us e ful to have inf ormati on o n typical u se rate s, w hich m ay or m ay n o t b e diff erent th an m aximum lab el rat e s. 3 . Information o n u s age o ff o set yl-AI w i th v ari o us application me thod s (e .g ., ground v s. aerial v s. c hemigation appli cation s) us ed on cro p s where altern a tive application meth od s ma y be p ermitted accordin g to the lab el.

t 1

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