Singh v Thor-Go 120-125 Riverside LLC

2024 NY Slip Op 32411(U)

July 12, 2024

Supreme Court, New York County

Docket Number: Index No. 157624/2018

Judge: David B. Cohen

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157624/2018 SINGH, NIRMAL vs. THOR-GO 120-125 RIVERSIDE LLC

Motion No. 001 002

Page 1 of 8

The following e-filed documents, listed by NYSCEF document number (Motion 001) 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 

82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 105, 107, 108, 109, 

118, 119, 121, 126

were read on this motion to/for JUDGMENT - SUMMARY .

The following e-filed documents, listed by NYSCEF document number (Motion 002) 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 

55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 104, 106, 110, 111, 

112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 120, 122, 123, 124, 125, 127, 128

were read on this motion to/for JUDGMENT - SUMMARY .

In this Labor Law action, defendant Thor-Go 12-125 Riverside LLC moves pursuant to 

CPLR 3212 for an order granting it summary judgment and dismissing plaintiff’s common-law 

negligence and Labor Law § 200 claims, as well as his Labor Law § 241(6) claim premised on 

violations of 12 NYCRR 23-1.7(e)(1) and (2), and granting it judgment on its cross-claims for 

common-law and contractual indemnity against defendant Shalbro Construction Group LLC 

(mot. seq. 001). Plaintiff and Shalbro oppose.

Shalbro moves for an order dismissing plaintiff’s claims against it (mot. seq. 002). 

Plaintiff opposes and cross-moves for summary judgment against defendants on his Labor Law 

§§ 240(1) and 241(6) claims. Defendants oppose.

SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK

NEW YORK COUNTY

PRESENT: HON. DAVID B. COHEN PART 58

Justice 

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------X INDEX NO. 157624/2018

 MOTION DATE 12/12/2023

 MOTION SEQ. NO. 001 002

DECISION + ORDER ON 

MOTION

NIRMAL SINGH,

 Plaintiff, 

- v -

THOR-GO 120-125 RIVERSIDE LLC, et al., 

 Defendants. 

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I. PERTINENT BACKGROUND

A. Plaintiff’s deposition (NYSCEF 92)

On August 10, 2018, plaintiff was performing construction work at a building located at 

125 Riverside Drive in Manhattan (premises), and working for Shallu Construction, a 

subcontractor on the project at issue. At the site, plaintiff was given work instructions only by 

his foreman, and all work materials were provided by Shallu; no safety equipment was provided. 

He began working at the site approximately four or five days before his accident. His work 

involved exterior stone and tile, removing old stones and replacing them with new stones.

A sidewalk bridge was installed around the building, with pipes holding it up, scaffolding 

above it, and an opening in it for a fire escape ladder, which was not present at the time of the 

accident. Plaintiff was expected to work on different floors, and was told by his 

foreman/supervisor to climb the pipes of the sidewalk bridge to get on the scaffolding in order to 

get to the upper floors. All of Shallu’s employees climbed the pipes the same way as he had 

been instructed to do. 

No one told plaintiff that there were other ways to access the upper floors that did not 

involve climbing the pipes. There were no ladders available, and when plaintiff asked his 

foreman about climbing the pipes, he was told it was the only way to access the upper floors and 

if he did not want to do it, he could leave the site. 

The day of the accident, plaintiff began climbing the pipes to get to an upper floor to do 

his work for the day. As plaintiff attempted to climb through the opening in the scaffolding, his 

foot slipped and he fell, injuring himself. 

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B. Thor-Go deposition (NYSCEF 94)

The superintendent of the building, who worked for MGT Management, testified that 

there was ongoing construction work at the building since 2016. Thor-Go owned the premises, 

and hired Shalbro as the renovation contractor in charge of the construction; Shalbro hired Shallu 

as a subcontractor. He did not have any involvement with Shalbro’s work other than providing it 

with emergency access to parts of the building. 

The building had access to the roof and higher floors via internal elevators. While he saw 

that there was a fire escape ladder in the opening of the sidewalk bridge, he never saw it retracted 

or brought down. 

He knew that workers were using the opening in the bridge to access the second floor, 

which he deemed to be safer and quicker than going to the roof on the ninth floor and then 

working their way down the building. He found it unusual that the workers were climbing the 

scaffolding to get to the second floor.

C. Shallu deposition (NYSCEF 96)

A witness testified that he worked for Shallu Construction at the time of plaintiff’s 

accident. Shallu and Shalbro were companies owned by the same family. Shalbro was the 

company that installed the sidewalk bridge at issue. The witness worked as Shallu’s foreperson

at the site.

As far as he knew and had been told by other employees at the site, no one was using the 

scaffold posts or framing to climb through the opening, and the fire escape ladder was always in 

its highest “up” position. Rather, a ladder was placed outside of the sidewalk bridge every day 

for the workers to gain access to the upper floors, and it was the foreperson’s responsibility to 

make sure it was put up and taken down every day. 

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The other ways that the employees could enter the building were: (1) by taking the 

elevator to the roof and then climbing down the staircase within the scaffold; (2) using exterior 

steps that gave direct access to the workers’ shed; and (3) taking the elevator to the second floor 

and climbing out of a window. The employees were told about the various means to access the 

building at numerous work meetings held at the premises, including ones that were attended by 

plaintiff. 

D. Statement of Undisputed Facts (NYSCEF 101)

As no party submitted a response to Thor-Go’s statement of undisputed material facts, the 

facts set forth therein are deemed admitted as true for purposes of this motion (22 NYCRR 

202.8-g[e]). As pertinent here, the following facts are undisputed:

(1) Plaintiff knew nobody associated with Thor-Go while working at the site;

(2) He was solely instructed by his foreman regarding his work;

(3) Thor-Go did not direct or instruct plaintiff to climb the bridge;

(4) Thor-Go, in general, did not direct the means and methods of plaintiff’s work;

(5) Thor-Go hired Shalbro to perform the façade work, and Shalbro did not obtain 

Thor-Go’s written consent to assign some of its work to Shallu;

(6) Shalbro provided all materials and tools for the work; Thor-Go did not do so; and

(7) Thor-Go did not direct or control work performed by Shallu at the site, nor did it 

provide equipment or materials to Shallu workers.

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II. THOR-GO’S MOTION

A. Plaintiff’s Labor Law claims

While Thor-Go asserts that plaintiff’s cross-motion is untimely, the parties agreed by 

stipulation to extend plaintiff’s time to oppose defendants’ motions to September 12, 2023 

(NYSCEF 104). On September 12, 2023, plaintiff filed a notice of cross-motion in opposition to 

Shalbro’s motion. The cross-motion is therefore timely. 

However, plaintiff has waived any argument against dismissal of his Labor Law § 241(6) 

claim predicated on Industrial Code violations 12 NYCRR 23-1.7(e)(1) and (2) or his Labor Law 

§ 200 claim as he failed to address them in his papers; plaintiff’s attempt to address the latter 

claim for the first time in his reply papers is improper and not considered. 

Thus, plaintiff’s Labor Law § 200 claim is dismissed as against Thor-Go. 

B. Indemnity

Thor-Go submits that is entitled to contractual indemnity from Shalbro, based on the 

indemnification provision in the parties’ agreement, which provides that Shalbro will indemnify 

Thor-Go against all claims “arising out of or due to or claimed to have arisen out of . . . the 

performance of the Work” by Shalbro; Shalbro is not required, however, to indemnify Thor-Go 

for Thor-Go’s sole negligence (NYSCEF 97). 

As plaintiff’s injury arose out of his work for Shalbro, it falls within the indemnity 

provision (see Estevez v SLG 100 Park LLC, 215 AD3d 566 [1st Dept 2023] [indemnity 

provisions with performance-of-the-work clauses are broad and will be triggered solely if 

accident occurs in course of indemnitor’s work]; see also Asian v Flintlock Constr. Svces., LLC, 

225 AD3d 462 [1st Dept 2024] [as indemnity clause was trigged by plaintiff’s accident in course

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of subcontractor’s work, owner entitled to indemnity to extent not barred by anti-subrogation 

rule]). 

Moreover, as plaintiff’s Labor Law § 200 and common-law negligence claims have been 

dismissed against Thor-Go, its only possible liability would be pursuant to Labor Law §§ 240(1) 

or 241(6). However, those statutes only impose vicarious liability on an owner such as Thor-Go, 

and absent evidence that it supervised or controlled plaintiff’s work, it is entitled to contractual 

indemnity against Shalbro (see Lemache v Elk Manhasset LLC, 222 AD3d 951 [1st Dept 2023] 

[owner should have been granted contractual indemnity against contractor that employed 

plaintiffs, as plaintiff’s injuries arose of contractor’s operations, and owner was not at fault as it 

did not control or supervise or provide tools or equipment for work]). 

Having found that Thor-Go is entitled to contractual indemnity from Shalbro, there is no 

need to determine whether it is also entitled to common-law indemnity (see Weidtman v Tremont 

Renaissance Hous. Dev. Fund Co., Inc., 224 AD3d 488 [1st Dept 2024] [denying defendant’s 

motion for summary judgment on common-law indemnification claims because Court granted it 

summary judgment on contractual indemnification]). 

III. SHALBRO’s MOTION AND PLAINTIFF’S CROSS-MOTION

A. Labor law § 240(1)

Shalbro contends that it did not violate Labor Law § 240(1) as it provided proper and safe 

access points to the scaffold and sidewalk bridge, that plaintiff was instructed to use those access 

points, and that instead, plaintiff chose to use an unsafe and unauthorized manner to enter the 

upper floors, thereby constituting the sole proximate cause of his accident. Plaintiff denies that 

Shalbro offered him a safe means of egress or that he was the sole proximate cause of the 

accident.

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As there remain disputed issues of fact as to whether plaintiff either disregarded 

instructions and chose to climb the scaffolding or he was instructed to do so by his supervisor, 

neither party is entitled to summary judgment on this claim (see e.g., Rivera v Suydam 379 LLC, 

216 AD3d 495 [1st Dept 2023] [testimony that site supervisor directed plaintiff to tie off ladder 

raised question of fact as to whether plaintiff disregarded instructions and, thus, whether he was 

sole proximate cause of accident]; Padilla v Touro College Univ. Sys., 204 AD3d 415 [1st Dept 

2022] [triable issue as to whether plaintiff’s own conduct in disregarding supervisor’s 

instructions rather than violation of Labor Law § 240(1) was sole proximate cause of accident]). 

B. Labor law § 241(6)

Plaintiff relies solely on a violation of 12 NYCRR 23-5.3(f) as a predicate for his Labor 

Law § 241(6) claim, which provides that “(l)adders, stairs or ramps shall be provided for access 

to and egress from the platform levels of metal scaffolds which are located more than two feet 

above or below the ground, grade, floor or other equivalent level.” 

Again, given the conflicting testimony about whether a ladder or other access was 

provided to plaintiff to enable him to enter the building, neither party is entitled to summary 

judgment on this claim. 

C. Labor law § 200 and common-law negligence

As discussed above, plaintiff is deemed to have waived his Labor Law § 200 and 

common-law negligence claims against Shalbro. In any event, the undisputed evidence 

establishes that only Shallu supervised and controlled plaintiff’s work, not Shalbro. 

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IV. CONCLUSION

Accordingly, it is hereby

ORDERED, that defendant Thor-Go 12-125 Riverside LLC’s motion for summary 

judgment (seq. 001) is granted to the extent of:

(1) dismissing plaintiff’s common-law negligence and Labor Law § 200 claims and 

his Labor Law § 241(6) claim premised on violations of 12 NYCRR 23-1.7(e)(1) and (2), against 

said defendant, and those claims are severed and dismissed; 

(2) granting it judgment on its claim for contractual indemnity against defendant 

Shalbro Construction Group LLC; and 

(3) dismissing its common-law indemnity claim against Shalbro as academic;

It is further

ORDERED, that defendant Shalbro Construction Group LLC’s motion for summary 

judgment (seq. 002) is granted to the extent of dismissing and severing plaintiff’s Labor Law § 

200 and common-law negligence claims against movant, and is otherwise denied; it is further

ORDERED, that plaintiff’s cross-motion for summary judgment is denied; and it is further

ORDERED, that the remaining parties appear for a settlement/trial-scheduling conference 

on November 20, 2024 at 9:30 am. 

7/12/2024

DATE DAVID B. COHEN, J.S.C.

CHECK ONE: CASE DISPOSED X NON-FINAL DISPOSITION

GRANTED DENIED X GRANTED IN PART OTHER

APPLICATION: SETTLE ORDER SUBMIT ORDER

CHECK IF APPROPRIATE: INCLUDES TRANSFER/REASSIGN FIDUCIARY APPOINTMENT REFERENCE

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