Approved Code No. 93-Reprint Regi try No. 1399-I 1 

NATIONAL RECOVERY ADMINISTRATION 

CODE OF FAIR COMPETITION 

FOR THE 

WASHING AND IRONING MACHINE 

MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY 

AS APPROVED ON NOVEMBER 4, 1933 

BY 

PRESIDENT ROOSEVELT 

WE DO OUR PART 

INCLUDES AMENDMENTS Nos. 1-3 INCL. 

UNITED STATES 

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 

WASHINGTON : 1935 

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Approved Code No. 93 

CODE OF FAIR COMPETITION 

FOR THE 

WASHING AND IRONING MACHINE MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY 

As Approved on November 4, 1933 

BY 

PRESIDENT ROOSEVELT 

Executive Order 

An application having been duly made, pur uant to and in full 

compliance with th provisions of title I of the National Indu trial 

Re o ry Act, approved June 16, 1933, for my approval of a Code 

of Fair Competition for the Washing and Ironing Machine Manufacturino- Industry, and hearings having been held thereon and the 

admini tr·ator having rendered his report containing an analysis of 

the aid code of fair competition together with his recommendations 

and findino-s with re pect thereto, and the administrator having found 

that the said code of fair competition complies in all respects with 

the pertinent provi ions of title I of said act and that the requirement of clause (1) and (2) of ubsection (a) of section 3 of the · ct have been met : 

O'V THEREFORE, I, Franklin D. Roosevelt, President of the 

nit d State pursuant to the authority vested in me by title I of 

the ational Indu trial Recovery Act, approved June 16 1933, and 

oth rwi e, do adopt and approve the report, recommendation , and 

findings of the administrator, and do order that the said code of 

fair competition be, and it is hereby approved. 

FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT. 

Approval recommended: 

HuoH S. JoHN ON 

Ad/ministrator. 

THE vV HITE Hou E, 

November 4, 1933. 

(461) 
NOVEMBER 2, 1933. 

To THE PRESIDENT, 

The White H o1tse. 

Srn: This is a report on the Code of Fair Competition for the 

" Ta hing and Ironing Machine Industry as revised after a Public 

Hearing, conducted in Washington on October 4, 1933, in accordance with the provisions of the National Industrial Recovery Act. 

PROVISIONS FOR HOURS AND WAGES 

Factory employees in the Washing and Ironing Machine Industry 

are limited to a 40-hour week and 8 hours in any one day. A tolerance in these hours of 10 percent is granted in the case of maintenance 

and repair employees, watchmen, firemen, engineers, inspectors, timekeepers, storekeepers, truckers, and employees in the receiving and 

shipping departments. 

Office employees may not be employed more than 40 hours a week. 

Executives and their personal secretaries, persons engaged in managerial capacities, field service employees, and traveling or outside 

sales people are exempted from the hourly provisions. 

In the event that any factory, working three full-time shifts for 

a total of 120 hours a week, is unable in peak seasons to fill orders 

on hand, the factory is permitted to work employees 48 hours a week. unless approval is refused by the Code Authority or the Administrator. In no case are employees permitted to work more than six 

days a week. 

No reclassification of employees for the purpose of defeating the 

purpo e of the Act is permitted, and no employee is permitted to 

work more than the specified maximum hours, whether for one or 

more employers. 

No person under 16 years of age is permitted to work in the industry, and no person under 18 years of age is permitted employment on 

metal-working machinery. 

Not less than 40 cents an hour shall be paid male factory employees 

and not less than 36 cents an hour shall be paid female factory 

employees. Provision is made that women shall not be discriminated 

against when engaged in occupations imilar to tho e engaged in by 

men. Not less than $15.00 a week shall be paid office employees. Provision is made that learners and office boys and girls, the total of 

whom shall not exceed 5 percent of the office employees, shall be paid 

not less than $12.00 a week. 

ECONOMIC EFFECTS OF THE CODE 

Since June 1, 1933, 3,250 factory employees have been added to 

the pay rolls, an increase of approximately 80 per cent over the 

average of employees for the first five months of 1933, giving the 

(462) 
4 3 

indu ry at this time n arly 1 40 more factory employees than the 

a era numb r f m 1 in h eak y ar f 1929. 

In uly 193' appr xima ly 1 200 fac ory emrloyee in this indu try r pr entin about 20 p r nt of uch mployees, were earninO' 1 than the pro o ed minimum wa 0' • In increasing these em1 to the minimum a an in rriving waD"e incr a es to tho e 

rec i inO' mor than th minimum th indu try add in exces of 

5 0 0 to it Auo-u t pa r ll . i e imat d that ' hen the propo l waO' minima ar put into ffe t by all manufacturers, there 

will be a further in r a in pa roll of approximately $30 000 a 

month making th total pay-roll incr a approxim·ately $ 0,000 a 

month a the re ult of thi ode. 

\. f eptember 1 193' h indu try report d unfilled orders for 

1 9~2 unit . Becau e of thi condition permis ion i granted in the 

ode for working employee 4 hours a week during periods when the 

factory working three full-time shifts of 40 hours each, is unable to 

upply the demand for its products. 

FINDINGS 

I find that-

( a) The Code complies in all re pects with the pertinent provisions 

of Title I of the Act, including, without limitation, subsection (a) of 

S ion 7 and ub ection (b) of Section 10 thereof; and that 

(b) Th \Vashing and Ironin~ :Machine Manufacturers' Association impo e no inequitable restnctions on admission to membership 

therein and is truly representative of the Washing and Ironing 

:M·1chine :Manufacturing Industry; and that 

(c) The Code is not desio·ned to promote monopolies or to eliminate or oppress mall enterprises, and will not operate to discriminate 

a c-ainst them and will tend to effectuate the policy of Title I of the 

ational Industrial Recovery Act. 

RECO IMENDATION 

I hereb r commend the approval of the Code of Fair Competition 

for th \Va hing and Ironing Machine Manufacturino- Industry. 

Re pectfully, 

Huon S. JoHN oN, 

Aitrninistrator. 
CODE OF FAIR COMPETITION 

FOR THE 

WASHING AND IRONING MACHINE MANUFACTURING 

INDUSTRY 

ARTICLE I-PURPOSES 

To effectuate the policies of Title I of the N a.tional Industrial 

Recovery Act the following provisions are established as a Code of 

Fair Competition for the Washing and Ironing Machine Manufacturing Industry, and shall be the standard of fair competition 

for this Industry, and shall be binding upon every member thereof. 

ARTICLE II-DEFINITIONS 

A. The term "Industry" as used herein means the manufacture 

for sale of Washing and Ironing Machines, and Replacement Parts 

therefor, primarily for home use. 

B. The term "employee" as used herein includes anyone engaged 

in the industry in any capacity receiving compensation for his services, irrespective of the nature or method of payment of such 

compensation. 

C. The term "employer" as used herein includes anyone by 

whom such employee is compensated or employed. 

D. The term "member of the industry" includes anyone engaged 

in the industry as above defined, either as an employer or on his own 

behalf. 

E. The term "Association " as used herein signifies American 

Washing Machine Manufacturers' Association. 

F. The term "Ewecutive Committee " as used herein signifies the 

Executive Committee of the American Washing :Machine Manufacturers' Association. 

G. The terms "President", "Act", and "Administrator" as used 

herein shall mean, respectively, the President of the United States, 

the National Industrial Recovery Act, and the Administrator of 

Title I of said Act. 

H. The term " elf ectwe date " as used herein means, and this Code 

shall become effective on, the first Monday after the Code shall have 

been approved by the President. 

ARTICLE III-HouRs 

A. No employee, except as provided in Section B of this Article, 

shall be permitted to work in excess of 40 hours in any one week, or 

8 hours in any 24-hour period, provided that there shall be no daily 

limita6on of hours in the case of office employees and that employees 

engaged in factory maintenance and repair work, receiving and ship-

(464) 
465 

pincr departm nt watchm n fir m n n!rin er 

k p r an tru k r may b p rmitt d t rk n a ition l number f h ur n t to x 10% of th maximum h r in stabli h 

B. Exceptions.-

1. \ h n operation of th pro uction capa ity of any clivi ion of 

a fa ry is r quir d by r a n of a onal p ak d mand , in xc 

f 12 h ur p r we k ( 3 hifts) m lo ee in u · h di vi~ n may b 

permit d to work not to exc d 4 hour per w k rovid d h 

mpl y r notifies the Code Authority in a 1vance of his int nt to 

work uch employees more than 40 hour per we k and that appro al i not xpr ly r fu ed by the Cod uthority or the Admini trator. Emplo ers hall furnish the ode uthority or the 

dmini trator uch information and data and at uch time as the 

ode Authority may specify concerning operations under thi 

tion. 

2. Executives and their personal secretaries, per ons in & manacrerial capacity field-service employees, and traveling or outside 

ale eople shall be exempt from all hourly limitation imposed by 

thi Article. This exemption shall not apply to "working foremen. All employers shall file immediately with the Code Authority and revi e from time to time as required, a complete list of functional classifications of employee intended by the employer to be 

x mpted under the provisions of this clause from hourly limitation imposed by this Article and such employee may be o exempted 

unl exemption is specifically refused by the Cod Authority or the 

dministrator. 

3. The maximum hours fixed in the foregoing section hall not 

apply to any employee on emergency maintenance or emergency re1 air work involving breakdowns or protection of life or prop rty . 

. N othin in this Article shall be interpreted to permit regular 

work of any employee in exces of six days in any week. 

D. No employee shall be permitted to work for a total number of 

hours in exces of the number of hours prescribed for each week and 

lay whether employed by one or more employers. 

ARTICLE IV-WAGES 

A. No male employees hall be paid at le s than the rate of 40 

·ent per hour, and no femal mployee shall be paid at le than the 

rat of 6 c nt per hour· provided however, that wh r female emplo. e perform substantially the same work as male employ e they 

hall r eiv the arne rat of pa a male emplo .. ees. 

B. No office mployee hall be paid at le s than the rate of 15.00 

p r we k provided that ffice bo or girl may b pai at not I 

than 0% f . nch minimum rat and provided furth r hat the t tal 

num r of office boys and girl mplo ed by any m mber of the 

In u try r eivincr les than the minimum in any calendar month 

·hall not ex eed 5% of th total employe in this clas or two 

pl y whichev r is hicrher. 

C. Adju tm nts or wag rates abov the minimum hall rna <' 

t pr rv liff r ntial 'betwe n tanc1ard o npati nal r up of 

mpl y whi h xi t d n June L 19 . . ~ provi l 1, that in r n. y 

rNt n of this Article n ed not ex eed 15% of wage ra s th n in 

effect. 
466 

Within thirty days after the effective date employers shall report 

to the Code Authority action taken by them since June 1, 1933, with 

respect to adjustments o£ wages above the minimum. 

D. This Article establishes a minimum rate o£ pay regardless o£ 

whether or not an employee is compensated on a time rate, piece 

rate, or other basis. 

E. The minimum wage rate prescribed by this Article does not 

apply to traveling and outside sales people. 

F . Employees permitted to workin excess of forty (40 ) hours per 

W'eek and eight (8) hours per day wnder the provisiom of S ection B , paragraphs 1 and 3, of Article I I I shall be paid not less than one and 

one-half tin~ s their normal rate for all hours in ewoess of forty (40) 

howrs per Wleek and eight (8) howrs per d'ay. 1 • 

ARTICLE V-GENERAL LABOR PROVISIONS 

A. No person under 16 years of age shall be employed in the 

Industry, nor anyone under 18 years of age at operations of metalworking machinery or other operations or occupations hazardous 

in nature or detrimental to health. The Code Authority shall submit to the Administrator before February 1, 1934, a list of such 

occupations. In any State an employer shall be deemed to have 

complied with this provision if he shall have on file a certificate 

or permit duly issued by the Authority in such State empowered to 

issue employment or age certificates or permits, showing that the 

employee is of the required age. 

B. Employees shall have the right to organize and bargain collectively through representatives of their own choosing, and shall 

be free from the interference, restraint, or coercion of employers 

of labor, or their agents, in the designation of such representatives 

or in self-organization or in other concerted activities for the purpose of collective bargaining or other mutual aid or protection. 

C. No employee and no one seeking employment shall be required 

as a condition of employment to join any company union or to refrain from joining, organizing, or assisting a labor organization 

of his own choosing; and 

D. Employers shall comply with the maximum hours of labor, 

minimum rates of pay, and other conditions of employment approved 

or prescribed by the President. 

E. Within each State this Code shall not supersede any laws of 

such State imposing more stringent requirements on employer, regulating the age of employees, wages, hours of work, or health, fire, 

or general working conditions than under this Code. 

F. Employers shall not reclassify employees or duties o£ occupations performed by employees so as to defeat the purposes of the 

Act. 

G. Each employer shall post in conspicuous places full copies of 

this Code. H. A person whose earning capacity is limited because of age or 

physical or mental handicap may be employed on light work at a 

wage below the minimum established by this Code if the employ~r 

obtains from the State Authority designated by the United States 

1 Italicized words added by Amendment No. 1, approved Apr. 19, 1934. 
467 

r a c rtifi at authorizino- his employm nt at 

hall b tat d in h rtifi at€. 

p r n 

ARTICLE VI-ADMIN I TRA TION 

. T furth r ff tuat the policies of th Act, the Ex cutiv 

ommittee of the A iation i hereby desio-nated as th Cod Auth rit to oop rate with the Admini trator in the administration of 

thi d . The Government of the United State i to be repre ent d 

n the ole Authorit by three members without.vote to be appDint d 

by th Pre ident, fort rms of from six months to one year arrang d ~ that the terms do not expire at the same time. 

B. (1) It being found necessary 1m order to support the administration of thi code and to maintain the standards of fair competition 

·tablished hereunder and to effectuate the policy of the Act, the Code 

Authority is authorized: 

(a) To incurr swch reasonable obligations GJS are necessary and 

prop r fo1· the foregoing purposes, and to meet such obligations out 

f funds W'hich may be raised as hereinafter pr01Jided and which 

dwll be h Zd in tru~t for the pwrposes of the Code; 

(b) To ubmit to the Ad7ninistrator for his approval, sub.fect to l uch notice and opporttmity to be heard as he ma;y deem necessary 

(1) an itemized budget of its estimated expenses for the foregoing 

pwrposes and ( ) an eqwitable basis upon which the fwnds necessa;ry 

to upport such budget shall be contribwted by 11W1nbers of the 

inclu try; 

(c) After such budget amd basis of contribu:tion have been approved by the Administrator, to deter1nine and obtain equitable cont1-ibution as above set forth by all members, of the ind'W3try, and to 

that nd, if necessmry, to institute legal prooeedimgs therefore in its 

own na11w. 

( ) Each member of the i~try shall pay his or its equitable con- tribution to the expenses o.f the maintenance of the Code Aut/; m-ity 

d t 1 mined as hereinabove provided, and swbject to rules a;nd regu7 at ion. pertaining thereto issued by the Administrator. Only member of the industry complying with the code and contributing to 

tk exp nses of its admini tration as hereinabove provided, sh(J)ll be 

ntitl d to pMticipate in the sele tion of members of the Code Autho1·ity 01' to receive the benefits of any of its voluntary activities 

01' to make u.se of any emblem or insignia of the National Recovery 

A d11~ini. tration. 

( ) Th e Code Awthority shall neither incur nor pay any obUgation 

in xce of the amount thereof as estimated in its approved budget, 

xrept u..pon approval of the Administrator; and no subsequent bud-

.r; t hall contain any deficiency item for expenditurres in excess of 

p1'io'r budget e tim.ates except those w·hich the Admini trator shall 

ha e so approv d. 2 

• 1 a h trad r indu trial a o iation dir ctly or indir tly pari ip tin in th I t1on r a tivi i f th ode uth rit. hall-

( 1) in p n m quitable r triction Dn memb r hi I and 

2 Italiciz d words added by Amendment No. 3, approved June 22, 1934. 
468 

(2) submit to the Administrator true copies of its Articles of Association, By-Laws, regulations, and any amendments when made 

thereto, together with such other information as to membership, organization, and a..ctivities as the Admini trator may deem necessary 

to effectuate the purpo es of the Act. 

- D. In order that the Code Authority shall at all times be truly 

representative of the Industry and in other respects comply with the 

provisions of the Act, the Administrator may provide such hearings 

as he may deem proper; and thereafter if he shall find that the Code 

Authority is not truly representative or does not in other respects 

comply with the provisions of the Act, may require an appropriate 

modification in the method of selection of the Code Authority. 

E. The Code Authority shall have the following duties and powers 

to the extent permitted by the Act and subject to review by the 

Administrator : 

( 1) With a view to keeping the President informed as to the observance or nonobservance of this Code of Fair Competition, and as 

to whether the Industry is taking appropriate steps to effectuate the 

declared policy of the Act, the Code Authority shall collect from 

members of the Industry who shall furnish to it or its duly authorized agent, in such form and at such intervals as it may prescribe, 

subject to the approval of the Administrator, duly certified reports 

containing such information, reasonably pertinent to the effectuation 

of the purposes of this Code, and with full protection to each member of the Industry as to the confidential nature of the data, as may 

be required by the Administrator or by the Code Authority subject 

to the approval of the Administrator. Such information or copies 

thereof shall be furnished to the Administrator upon his reque t. 

(2) If formal complaint is n1ade to the Code Authority that the 

provisions of this Code and any supplements thereto have been violated by any employer, it shall make such investigation of the facts 

as it may deem necessary. , F. In addition to information required to be submitted to the Code 

Authority, there shall be furnished to Government agencies such 

statistical information as the Administrator may de·em nece sary for 

the purpo e recited from Section 3 (a) of the National Industrial 

Recovery Act. 

ARTICLE VII-TRADE PRACTICES 

A. The following practices constitute unfair methods of competition for members of the industry and are prohibited: 

1. Sales B elow Oost.- To sell or exchange any product of the 

industry at a price or upon such term_s or conditions W'hich will 

result in the buyer paying for the goods received less than the cost 

to the me;mber of the industry, determined in accordance with a uniform and stmndard cost accounting system to be recomnunded by the 

0 ode Authority and to beconu eff'e'(Jt't.'ve wpon approval by the 

Administrator; provided, however, that dropped lines, seconds, or 

inventories of finished products which must be converted into cash to 

meet emergency needs may be disposed of in such 17111!nner and on 

such terms (JfJ'U] conditions as are necessary to move such procPwcts into 

the buyer's hands; and further provided that selling below cost 

in order to meet ewisting competition on products of eqwivalent 
469 

design characte'r qttd ity or p c:i fi ations slwll not be cl emed a 

violation of this A1·ticle if pecific notioe i given to the Code 

A uthm'ity. 3 

.::~. omt1nercial Bribery.-Dir ctly or indire tly t gi e or p rmit 

b ~i en or off r to o-i e money or anythino- of alu to agen 

mploye or r pr ntati of u t m r or I ro p tiv . cu tomer 

or to a nt mpl or representativ of competitor u tom r 

or pro pecti e cu tom r , without th knowledge of th ir employ rs 

or principal , a an indu em nt to influ nee their empl y r or principals to purch e or contra t to purcha from the maker of su h 

gift or off r or t<? influenc such emplo ers or principals to refrain 

from dealino- or contra ting to deal, with competitors. 

3. R egulation of Oredit.-The giving of cash discount in exc of 

2 percent. 

4. P1'ioe Qu.otations.-Quotation of prices other than F.O.B. 

Factory. 

5. Other Unfair PrMtices.-Nothing in this Code shall limit the 

effect of any adjudication by the Courts or holding by the Federal 

Trade Commi ion on complaint, finding, and order, that any practice or method i unfair, providing that such adjudication or holding 

is not inconsistent with any provision of the .Act of this Code. 

6. Trade-iln Allowanoe.-No manufacturer shall give trade-in 

allowances or second-hand allowances to the retail or wholesale sales 

outlets of the industry. 

7. Gumrantee.-The o-iving of any guarantee in excess of one year 

from date o:£ sale to replace defective parts or workmanship, which 

shall be :furnished f.o.b. factory with no labor allowance. 

8. /nCl;C~rate Advertising.-N o member of the industry sh.aill publish a$vertising (whether printed, radio, display or any other nature) which is misleading or inacmtrate in any nwterial pa;rticwlar; 

nor shall any member in amy way misrepresent any goods; either 

of his own m.DmJUfactwre or of other members of the i71.11/ustry, with 

respect to the use, traxle mark, grade, quality, quantity, origin, size, 

substance, character, finish, material, content or prepCllration; nor 

shall any member in arvy way misrepresent credit terms, policies, 

services or the natwre or form of the bw;iness condluoted either by 

hirnself or by any other mernber of the industry. No 1TUJ/wufacturer 

shall grant advertising allowances to be expended by customers to 

whom such allowances are given on ad/vertising which .farils to conform to this provision. 8 

B. The Code .Authority shall continue its study of trade practices 

of the Industry and shall, from time to time, make recommendations 

to the .Administrator which it deems desirable for modification or 

addition thereto which, upon his approval, after such hearing as he 

may prescribe, shall become a part o:£ this Code and have :full :force 

and effect as the provisions hereof. 

ARTICLE VIII-MoniFICATIONB 

1. This Code and all the provisions thereof are expressly made 

subject to the right of the President, in accordance with the provisions of subsection (b) of Section 10 of the National Industrial 

Recovery ct from time to time to cancel or modify any order, 

1 Italicized words added by Amendment No. 2, approved June 2, 1934. 
470 Ill II 111/ il~il llilil/ii'il fill ~lfll fli/iij i/1/i III/IIIII 

3 1262 08855 8555 

approval, license, rule, or regulation issued under Title I of said 

Act and specifically, but without limitation, to the right of the President to cancel or modify his approval of this Code or any conditions imposed by him upon his approval thereof. 

2. This Code, except as to provisions required by the Act, may 

be modified on the basis of experience or changes in circumstances, 

such modification to be based upon application to the Administrator 

and such notice of hearing as he shall specify, and to become effective 

on approval of the President. 

ARTICLE IX-MONOPOLIES 

No provisiOn of this Code shall be so applied as to permit 

monopolies or monopolistic practices, or to eliminate, oppress, or 

discriminate against small enterprises. 

ARTICLE X-PRICE INCREASES 

Whereas the policy of the Act to increase real purchasing power 

will be made impossible of consummation if prices of goods and 

services increase as rapidly as wages, it is recognized that price 

increases should be delayed and that, when made, the same should, 

so far as reasonably possible, be limited to actual increases in the 

seller's costs. 

Approved Code No. 93. 

Registry No. 1399/11. 

0