Final Staff Report 

Proposed Amended Rule 1143 - Consumer Paint Thinners & Multi-Purpose 

Solvents 

December 2010 

Deputy Executive Officer, 

Planning, Rule Development, & Area Sources 

Elaine Chang, DrPH 

Assistant Deputy Executive Officer, 

Planning, Rule Development, & Area Sources 

Laki Tisopulos, Ph.D., P.E. 

Planning and Rules Manager, VOC Rules 

Naveen Berry 

AUTHOR: Don Hopps Air Quality Specialist 

REVIEWED BY: 

 David Ono Program Supervisor

William Wong Principal Deputy District Counsel 

 Lauren Nevitt District Deputy Counsel I

SOUTH COAST AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT DISTRICT
Proposed Amended Rule 1143 i December 2010 

SOUTH COAST AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT DISTRICT 

GOVERNING BOARD 

Chairman: DR. WILLIAM A. BURKE 

Speaker of the Assembly Appointee 

Vice Chairman: DENNIS YATES 

Mayor, Chino 

Cities of San Bernardino County 

MEMBERS:

MICHAEL D. ANTONOVICH 

Supervisor, Fifth District 

County of Los Angeles 

JOHN J. BENOIT 

Supervisor, Fourth District 

County of Riverside 

MICHAEL A. CACCIOTTI 

Councilmember, South Pasadena 

Cities of Los Angeles County/Eastern Region 

BILL CAMPBELL 

Supervisor, Third District 

County of Orange 

JANE W. CARNEY 

Senate Rules Appointee 

JOSIE GONZALES 

Supervisor, Fifth District 

County of San Bernardino 

RONALD O. LOVERIDGE 

Mayor, Riverside 

Cities of Riverside County 

JOSEPH K. LYOU, Ph. D. 

Governor’s Appointee 

JUDITH MITCHELL 

Councilmember, Rolling Hills Estates 

Cities of Los Angeles County/Western Region 

JAN PERRY 

Councilmember, Ninth District 

Cities Representative, Los Angeles County, Western Region 

MIGUEL A. PULIDO 

Mayor, Santa Ana 

Cities of Orange County 

EXECUTIVE OFFICER:

BARRY R. WALLERSTEIN, D.Env.
Proposed Amended Rule 1143 Final Staff Report 

Proposed Amended Rule 1143 ii December 2010 

TABLE OF CONTENTS 

I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................................................... 1 

II. BACKGROUND ..................................................................................................................... 3 

III. RULE HISTORY .................................................................................................................... 3 

IV. AFFECTED FACILITIES ..................................................................................................... 4 

V. DISCUSSION OF VARIOUS TYPES OF TECHNOLOGY ........................................... 5 

 FOR ARTIST SOLVENTS AND THINNERS 

 Turpentine ................................................................................................................................................. 6 

 Mineral Spirits .......................................................................................................................................... 6 

 Odorless Mineral Spirits ......................................................................................................................... 6 

 Citrus Based Thinners ............................................................................................................................. 6 

 Artist Mediums .......................................................................................................................................... 6 

 Brush Cleaners ......................................................................................................................................... 7 

VI. ARTIST INDUSTRY’S CONCERNS ................................................................................. 7 

VII. OVERVIEW: PROPOSED AMENDMENT TO RULE ................................................... 7 

VIII. EMISSION IMPACTS ........................................................................................................... 9 

IX. COST ANALYSIS ................................................................................................................ 10 

X. INCREMENTAL COST-EFFECTIVENESS ................................................................... 10 

XI. CALIFORNIA ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY ACT (CEQA) ................................... 10 

XII. SOCIOECONOMIC ASSESSMENT ................................................................................. 10 

XIII. DRAFT INDINGS ................................................................................................................ 10 

XIV. COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS ............................................................................................ 11 

XV. DRAFT CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ............................................ 15 

XVI. PUBLIC COMMENTS AND RESPONSES ..................................................................... 15 

XVII. REFERENCES ...................................................................................................................... 20 

LIST OF TABLES 

TABLE XIII -1: BREAKDOWN OF EMISSIONS ................................................................................ 9 

TABLE XIV-1: COMPARISON OF AQMD RULE 1143 TO CARB’S CRP ............................ 12 
Proposed Amended Rule 1143 1 December 2010 

I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 

Rule 1143 - Consumer Paint Thinners & Multi-Purpose Solvents, was adopted on March 6, 

2009, to implement Control Measure CTS-04 from the 2007 AQMP (“Air Quality Management 

Plan”) which calls for further Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) emission reductions from 

categories not regulated by CARB, including paint thinners and multi-purpose solvents. The 

adopted rule has a two-tier VOC concentration limit beginning with the 300 grams per liter 

(g/L) VOC limit, effective January 1, 2010, and followed by the final limit of 25 g/L VOC, 

effective January 1, 2011. The expected emission reduction will be 5.94 tons per day (tpd) by 

the year 2011, and an additional 3.81 tpd by January 1, 2012, resulting in a total VOC reduction 

of 9.75 tpd by January 1, 2012, when the rule will be fully implemented. 

The rule was amended on June 4, 2010, to rescind the final VOC limit of 25 g/L, to comply 

with a court order by the Los Angeles County Superior Court. 

On July 9, 2010, Rule 1143 was amended to reinstate the final VOC limit of 25 g/L of VOC, 

effective January 1, 2011 along with a one year sell-through provision allowing consumer paint 

thinners and multi-purpose solvents to be sold in the AQMD jurisdiction through December 31, 

2011, provided that the products were manufactured prior to January 1, 2011. Additionally, 

Rule 1143 was also amended to allow consumer paint thinners and multi-purpose solvents 

containing 300 g/L or more of VOC to be sold and used until April 1, 2011, provided that the 

product container showed product uses that included the thinning of industrial maintenance 

coatings, and the product was manufactured prior to July 9, 2010. 

During the latter part of the July 2010 rule amendment process, staff received comments 

regarding the need for an exemption relating to the solvents and thinners used by artists. At the 

July 9, 2010 public hearing, staff committed to explore and evaluate the request and come back 

with an amendment prior to the end of the year, if necessary. Staff recognizes that Rule 1143 

currently does not take into consideration the artist materials industry. Artist solvents and 

thinners specifically manufactured for artistic uses have been formulated, refined and purified 

to eliminate impurities, specifically intended for artist applications. These niche products do 

not fall into the general category of consumer paint thinners and multi-purpose solvents used 

for architectural coating thinning and clean-up. 

The California Air Resources Board (CARB) exempted the artist solvents and thinners, which 

they call “Artist’s Solvent/Thinner,” from their Consumer Products Regulations (CPR) 

provided that they are labeled to meet ASTM D4236-94 (Reapproved 2005) and packaged in 

containers with a capacity less than or equal to 32 fluid ounces (one quart). At a subsequent 

public workshop for this project that was held on September 15, 2010, CARB staff stated in 

those discussions that they would be changing their Consumer Product Regulation language to 

exempt Artist’s Solvent/Thinner sold in containers with a capacity of 32 fluid ounces to 

accommodate 1 liter containers. On September 29, 2010, CARB posted a proposed 

modification to their definition of Artist’s Solvent/Thinner to replace the 32 (fluid) ounces with 

34 (fluid) ounces which will include 1 liter containers (1 liter = 33.8 fluid ounces). 
Proposed Amended Rule 1143 2 December 2010 

Staff is proposing an amendment to the rule that would provide an exemption to artist solvents 

and thinners from adhering to the VOC requirements set forth in the rule. Staff believes the 

amendment is necessary because artist solvent and thinner products are designed to be used 

specifically with artist solvent-based oil paints. Staff is currently unaware of low-VOC solvents 

that may be successfully reformulated for artist solvent and thinner products. In order to 

monitor the usage of the exemptions and minimize rule abuse, staff proposes to clarify that 

recordkeeping and reporting requirements are applicable to all exempt usage including artist 

solvents and thinners. Staff is also proposing to clarify that any consumer paint thinner or 

multi-purpose solvent that is manufactured prior to the effective date of the applicable limit 

specified in paragraph (d)(1) in the rule, and that has a VOC content above that limit (but not 

above the limit in effect on the date of manufacture), may be sold, supplied, offered for sale, or 

used for up to one year after the specified effective date. 

Therefore, staff is proposing the following amendment to Rule 1143: 

• Exempting artist solvents and thinners that are properly labeled and sold in containers that 

are one liter or less from applicable VOC limits. 

• Defining artist solvents and thinners. 

• Making changes to the rule to clarify that all exempt products shall be subject to 

recordkeeping and reporting requirements. 

• Making changes to the rule to clarify that the sell-through provisions for the final VOC 

limit do not apply to products that do not meet the interim VOC limit. 

The proposed amendment will result in 114 pounds per day of VOC emissions foregone, which 

equates to approximately 18.5 gallons per day. The VOC emissions foregone due to this 

proposed amendment will represent 0.6% of the total existing VOC emission reductions 

applied to Rule 1143. No socioeconomic impacts are anticipated from this current proposal. 
Proposed Amended Rule 1143 3 December 2010 

II. BACKGROUND 

Consumer Products are the largest source of VOC emissions in the South Coast Air Basin 

(Basin). The California Air Resources Board (CARB) estimates that consumer products in the 

state of California account for approximately 245 tons per day (tpd) of VOC emissions1. 

Approximately forty-five percent (45%) of that estimate or 110.3 tpd of VOC emissions2 can be 

attributed to the Basin. 

The 2007 AQMP highlights the growing impact of VOC emissions from consumer products. 

Taking into account population growth and planned VOC reductions by CARB, the AQMP 

estimates that the annual average VOC emissions for the consumer product category will be 107 

tpd by the year 2014, and will likely increase to 112.1 tpd by the year 20203. Rule 1143 

implements Control Measure CTS-04 from the 2007 AQMP. 

Consumer multi-purpose solvents work very well for cleaning deposits such as grease, oil, paint, 

carbon deposits, residues from tools, equipment, and general household uses, whereas consumer 

paint thinners are used to thin traditional solvent-based architectural coatings. However, based 

on staff’s market assessment, traditional high-VOC containing consumer paint thinners and 

multi-purpose solvents are typically used interchangeably. PAR1143 changes this practice, since 

both consumer paint thinners and multi-purpose solvents are required to meet similar VOC limits 

prescribed in the rule. 

III. RULE HISTORY 

Rule 1143 - Consumer Paint Thinners & Multi-Purpose Solvents, was adopted on March 6, 

2009, by the Governing Board and is currently in effect regulating consumer paint thinners and 

multi-purpose solvent products offered for sale and use within the Basin. Rule 1143 limits the 

VOC content in a two-tier approach for products sold to consumers and these VOC limits apply 

to suppliers, distributors, and retailers of consumer paint thinners and multi-purpose solvents. 

No public comments pertaining to artist solvents and thinners were received by staff during this 

nine-month rulemaking process. 

On April 1, 2009, W.M. Barr filed a petition for writ of mandate and declaratory relief, 

challenging Rule 1143, primarily based on alleged inadequacies of the environmental 

assessment, including its analysis of safety issues regarding the increased flammability as a result 

of compliant formulations that use acetone as an exempt solvent. 

On September 24, 2009, CARB amended the Consumer Products Regulations (CPR), with 

virtually the same VOC limits for consumer paint thinners and multi-purpose solvents, but with 

implementation dates of January 1, 2011 for the interim VOC limit and January 1, 2014 for the 

final VOC limit. Additionally, CARB also included other provisions with statewide 

applicability, including the limitation of aromatic content, prohibition of the use of 

trichloroethylene, and limiting the use of products that exceed the 150 Global Warming Potential 

 

1

 See http://www.arb.ca.gov/consprod/geninfo/cpsmog.htm. 

2

 This estimate does not reflect additional VOC reductions proposed by CARB. 

3

 See Final 2007 Air Quality Management Plan, Chapter 3. 
Proposed Amended Rule 1143 4 December 2010 

(“GWP”). CARB also included a sell-through provision for 3 years and when combined with 

implementation dates, the 30% by weight VOC limit will not be fully implemented until January 

1, 2014 and the 3% by weight VOC limit will not be fully implemented until January 1, 2017. 

CARB also provided language in their CPR to exempt artist solvents and thinners provided they 

were sold in containers with a capacity of 32 fluid ounces (one quart) or less and they were 

properly labeled to meet the labeling requirements as specified in ASTM D4236-94 (Reapproved 

2005). 

On December 7, 2009, the court upheld the AQMD’s environmental assessment except on the 

flammability issue. Subsequently, the AQMD filed a motion to limit the court’s remedy. 

On April 1, 2010, the AQMD’s motion was granted in part, but the judgment and writ required 

the AQMD to vacate the final VOC limits of the 25 g/L VOC limit, and prepare an 

Environmental Assessment (EA) that considers the fire hazard issue. 

On June 4, 2010, the AQMD Governing Board amended Rule 1143 to comply with the court’s 

decision by rescinding the final 25 g/L VOC limit. The rescinding of the final 25 g/L VOC limit 

resulted in foregoing 3.81 tons per day of VOC emission reductions. 

On July 9, 2010, Rule 1143 was amended to readopt the final 25 g/L VOC limit, effective 

January 1, 2011, and recover the foregone 3.81 tpd of VOC emissions. In addition, a 

supplemental environmental assessment that focused only on the fire hazard issue, was 

completed as directed by the court. 

During the latter part of the July 2010 rule amendment process, staff received comments 

regarding the need for an exemption relative to the solvents and thinners used by artists. On July 

9, 2010, during the public hearing for the rule, staff committed to explore and evaluate the 

request and come back with an amendment prior to the end of the year, if necessary. Staff 

recognizes that Rule 1143 currently does not take into consideration the artist materials industry. 

Artist solvents and thinners specifically manufactured for artists have been formulated, refined, 

and purified to eliminate impurities specifically for artist applications. These niche products do 

not fall into the general category of consumer paint thinners and multi-purpose solvents used for 

architectural coating thinning and clean-up. 

On September 15, 2010, a public workshop for this project was held where CARB staff stated, in 

their discussions, that they would be changing their Consumer Product Regulation language to 

exempt Artist’s Solvents/Thinners sold in containers with a capacity of 34 fluid ounces to 

accommodate 1 liter containers. 

IV. AFFECTED FACILITIES 

Artist solvents and thinners have been formulated and refined to eliminate impurities from paint 

thinners and solvents specifically for artist applications, and do not fall into the general category 

of consumer paint thinners and multi-purpose solvents. AQMD staff has worked with CARB in 
Proposed Amended Rule 1143 5 December 2010 

regard to consumer paint thinners and multi-purpose solvents and is aware that CARB surveyed 

artist solvents and thinners during their 2006 Consumer and Commercial Products Survey (ARB 

2007f)4. CARB found the emissions from the artist solvents and thinners category had a 

minuscule effect on VOC reductions. In fact, CARB estimated that consumer artist solvent and 

thinner products in the state of California accounted for approximately 252.7 pounds per day 

(ppd) of VOC emissions. Approximately forty-five percent (45%) of that estimate or 114 

(113.7) ppd of VOC emissions can be attributed to the Basin. CARB also found that artist 

solvents and thinners are required to meet the Labeling of Hazardous Art Materials Act 

(LHAMA) within the Federal Hazardous Substances Act which requires that any art material, 

including solvents, must meet the requirements in ASTM D4236-94 (Reapproved 2005), the 

standard Practice for Labeling Art Materials for Chronic Health Hazards, to protect consumers of 

any age from potential health hazards of these products. CARB exempted the artist solvents and 

thinners, which they call “Artist’s Solvents/Thinners5,” from the requirements of their CPR, 

provided said products are labeled to meet ASTM D4236-94 (Reapproved 2005) and packaged 

in containers with a capacity of 32 fluid ounces or less. At a subsequent public workshop for this 

project that was held on September 15, 2010, CARB staff stated in those discussions that they 

would be changing their Consumer Product Regulation language to exempt Artist’s 

Solvents/Thinners sold in containers with a capacity of 32 fluid ounces to accommodate 1 liter 

containers. On September 29, 2010, CARB posted a proposed modification to their definition of 

Artist’s Solvent/Thinner to replace the 32 (fluid) ounce container capacity limit with a 34 (fluid) 

ounce container capacity limit which will include 1 liter containers (1 liter = 33.8 fluid ounces). 

There are approximately 19 manufacturers of artist solvents and thinners products exclusively for 

the artist industry. The artist industry also includes support organizations and AQMD staff has 

had several discussions and correspondences with both the Artist Creative Materials Institute 

(ACMI) and the National Art Materials and Trade Association (NAMTA) to further understand 

their specific uses. Artist solvents and thinners are typically sold through hobby, craft, and art 

material store outlets and through internet sales. 

V. DISCUSSION OF TECHNOLOGY TYPES FOR ARTIST SOLVENTS 

AND THINNERS 

Artist solvents and thinners are manufactured specifically for a variety of art-related uses; the 

most common is oil on canvas painting. Although there are products with a VOC content less 

than 25 g/L available and in use for consumer paint thinners and multi-purpose solvents, those 

may not be sufficient replacements for the currently used artist-related materials including 

turpentine, mineral spirits, odorless mineral spirits, and artist mediums. To meet the VOC limits 

in Rule 1143, consumer paint thinners and multi-purpose solvents have been reformulated using 

the following technologies: 1) Aqueous technology which includes formulations made from 

water, detergents, chelating agents, alkaline builders and various blends of surfactants and is 

typically used for multi-purpose cleaning agents; 2) Exempt solvents including acetone, PCBTF, 

and methyl acetate, as well as blends of the three; and; 3) Bio-based technology including methyl 

 

4 CARB, 2006 Consumer and Commercial Products Survey, 2009, http://www.arb.ca.gov/consprod/regact/2006surv/2006surv.htm.

5

 CARB, Consumer Products Regulations, August 7, 2009, http://www.arb.ca.gov/regact/2009/cpmthd310/cpmthdisor.pdf. 
Proposed Amended Rule 1143 6 December 2010 

esters is currently available for a variety of uses, including lowering the volatility of exempt 

solvents. The artist solvents and thinners are used specifically for arts and crafts and are broken 

down into the following solvent and thinner variants. 

Turpentine 

Turpentine is the traditional solvent that is manufactured from tree resins and has been used for 

oil on canvas painting for many years. Artist quality turpentines are further refined to remove 

the impurities commonly found in products sold at hardware stores for general consumer use. 

Turpentine is also known as Spirit of Turpentine, Oil of Turpentine, Genuine Turpentine, English 

Turpentine, Distilled Turpentine, Double Rectified Turpentine, and simply “Turps”. 

Mineral Spirits 

Mineral Spirits are a commonly used solvent that are manufactured from petroleum products. 

Mineral Spirits are generally less expensive than turpentine and are a stronger solvent than 

Odorless Mineral Spirits. Mineral Spirits are used to reduce the viscosity of various acrylic 

resins to a range needed for application. Mineral Spirits are also used to remove (resolubilize) 

the varnish in case the artist is unhappy with the outcome of the painting and can be used for 

periodic cleaning or restoration of the work. Mineral Spirits are also known as White Spirits. 

Odorless Mineral Spirits 

Odorless Mineral Spirits are also a commonly used solvent that are manufactured from 

petroleum products. Odorless Mineral Spirits are marginally more expensive than Mineral 

Spirits but have been manufactured with less of the harmful aromatic solvents found in Mineral 

Spirits. As in the case of Mineral Spirits, Odorless Mineral Spirits are used to reduce the 

viscosity of various acrylic resins to a range needed for application. Odorless Mineral Spirits are 

also used to remove (resolubilize) the varnish in case the artist is unhappy with the outcome of 

the painting and can be used for periodic cleaning or restoration of the work. 

Citrus-Based Thinners 

Citrus-based thinners are manufactured from food-grade and technical-grade citrus oils and are 

nontoxic, nonflammable solvents that are used in some arts and crafts applications. The major 

component used in citrus-based thinners is d-Limonene, which is the oil extracted from citrus 

and citrus peels. The oil separated from the juice after the juicing process is the food-grade dLimonene and the citrus peels that are sent to a steam extractor to extract the oil from the peel 

becomes the technical-grade d-Limonene. In Technical-grade d-Limonene, the oil is collected 

after the steam is condensed by capturing the layer of oil floating on the surface of the condensed 

water. D-Limonene is known to have more than 95% per volume of VOC. 

Artist Mediums 

Artist mediums are used to modify artist oil paint straight from the tube. The mediums can be 

used to lengthen the drying time of the paint, make it thinner, or alter the character of the paint 

from what comes out of the tube. Mediums can be used to make the paint transparent or opaque 

and can also be used to alter gloss or matte sheen of the paint. Mediums are used for oil on 

canvas paintings to influence the color of a pigment. 
Proposed Amended Rule 1143 7 December 2010 

Brush Cleaners 

The most common application technique for an artist using paint is simply to apply the paint with 

a paint brush. There are several artist brush cleaners that are currently available to clean artist 

paint brushes after they were used to apply oil-based paint. Artist paint brush bristles are made 

from animal hair such as hog’s bristles, mongoose hair, red sable (weasel hair), and Siberian 

mink. The hair possesses several important properties for the artist such as maintaining a 

superfine point, smooth handling, and good memory (where the bristles return to their original 

point between brush strokes). There are also synthetic brushes available which can offer 

durability and cost effectiveness. The artist brush cleaners have been formulated specifically for 

these types of paint brushes. 

VI. ARTIST INDUSTRY’S CONCERNS 

Staff had a meeting with several members from the artist industry to hear their concerns with 

Rule 1143 and the need for an exemption for artist solvents and thinners. One of the major 

concerns is the ability to continue the use of artist solvents and thinners which are specifically 

formulated, refined, and purified to eliminate impurities for artist applications. Antique oil 

paintings normally found in the museums are restored by using specially formulated artist 

solvents designed specifically for painting restoration. These antique paintings are protected by 

a coating of varnish, however, the varnish ages and must be removed before a new coat of 

varnish can be applied. This requires specialty artist solvents that will remove the varnish but 

will not attack the original painting oils. Other artist uses include using turpentine, tinted with 

paint, to make the special layering effects on an oil painting. Turpentine is also used for 

dissolving Damar varnish which is an essential solvent for an artist. The Damar resin will only 

dissolve in Gum Turpentine. The other main concern from the artist industry is that artists use 

handmade brushes that can cost $50 to $150 per brush. The brush is cleaned with turpentine and 

then oil, typically vegetable oil, is used to preserve the brush while it’s not in use. The brush is 

cleaned with turpentine to clean the hairs of the oil before it is used again. The artist industry 

contends that an artist oil painting brush cannot be cleaned using soap and water mainly due to 

the oil paint chemistry and the soap will dry out the hairs. Cleaning a paint brush using 

mechanical means will cause the brush hairs to break. 

VII. OVERVIEW: PROPOSED AMENDMENT TO RULE 

Staff is proposing an amendment to the rule that would provide an exemption for artist solvents 

and thinners from the VOC requirements set forth in the rule. Staff believes this provision is 

necessary because artist solvent and thinner products are designed to be used with specific-toartist solvent-borne paints, and successful low-VOC technology is currently unavailable. 

AQMD staff researched the costs of artist solvents and thinners and compared them to equivalent 

products sold at home improvement, paint, and hardware stores. AQMD staff found that for a 

common quart size, the artist products cost 67.6% more than the general use consumer paint 

thinners and multi-purpose solvents, whereas for the gallon size, the artist products cost 54.1% 

more than the general use consumer paint thinners and multi-purpose solvents. CARB exempted 

the artist solvents and thinners, which they call “Artist’s Solvents/Thinners,” from their CPR 
Proposed Amended Rule 1143 8 December 2010 

provided that they are labeled to meet ASTM D4236-94 (Reapproved 2005) and packaged in 

containers with a capacity less than or equal to 32 fluid ounces (the language in their CPR is 

expected to change the 32 fluid ounces maximum capacity to accommodate 1 liter maximum 

capacity). 

Staff is proposing a new definition to be added to Rule 1143 for “ARTIST 

SOLVENTS/THINNERS.” This amendment proposes to exclude artist solvents and thinners 

that meet the above mentioned criteria from adhering to the VOC requirements set forth in the 

rule for Consumer Paint Thinners & Multi-Purpose Solvents. 

Staff is proposing to make changes to the rule that will clarify that recordkeeping and reporting 

requirements are applicable for the following exempted products: 

• Solvents, provided that they are labeled and designated exclusively for the clean-up of 

polyaspartic and polyurea coatings application equipment. 

• Thinners, provided that they are labeled and designated exclusively for the thinning of 

Industrial Maintenance coatings, Zinc-Rich IM Primers, and High Temperature Coatings. 

• Artist solvents and thinners, provided that they are labeled and designated exclusively to 

reduce the viscosity of, or remove, art coating compositions or components and are 

individually packaged in containers having a total capacity equal to or less than 1 liter. 

AQMD staff believes that these measures will discourage possible circumvention by nonexempted product users and will allow staff to monitor and assess if use of these exempt 

products has substantially increased, which could imply that they are being purchased for nonlabeled non-compliant uses. 

Staff is also proposing to clarify that any consumer paint thinner or multi-purpose solvent that is 

manufactured prior to the effective date of the applicable limit specified in paragraph (d)(1) in 

the rule, and that has a VOC content above that limit (but not above the limit in effect on the date 

of manufacture) may be sold, supplied, offered for sale, or used for up to one year after the 

specified effective date. 

Therefore, staff is proposing to amend Rule 1143 by: 

• Exempting artist solvents and thinners that are properly labeled and sold in containers that 

are one liter or less from applicable VOC limits. 

• Defining artist solvents and thinners. 

• Making changes to the rule to clarify that all exempt products shall be subject to 

recordkeeping and reporting requirements. 

• Making changes to the rule to clarify that the sell-through provisions for the final VOC limit 

do not apply to products that do not meet the interim VOC limit. 
Proposed Amended Rule 1143 9 December 2010 

VIII. EMISSION IMPACTS 

Rule 1143 was developed to have two different VOC limit reductions. The interim limit, 

currently in effect, as of January 1, 2010, limits any consumer paint thinner and multi-purpose 

solvent to 300 g/L VOC but offers a sell-through provision up to December 31, 2010 to allow 

sales and use of high-VOC traditional solvents provided they were manufactured prior to January 

1, 2010. When fully implemented, the interim reduction limit will reduce VOC emissions by 

5.94 tons per day. The second reduction, the final limit, will commence on January 1, 2011 and 

the VOC limit will be reduced to 25 g/L. In addition, any consumer paint thinner and multipurpose solvent manufactured prior to January 1, 2011 will have a one-year sell-through 

allowance for products containing up to 300 g/L VOC. Furthermore, any consumer paint thinner 

and consumer multi-purpose solvent that exceeds 300 g/L VOC but also displays multiple uses 

on the container label including the thinning of industrial maintenance coatings and was 

manufactured prior to July 9, 2010, will be allowed a sell-through until April 1, 2011. When 

fully implemented, the 25 g/L VOC limit will reduce VOC emissions by another 3.81 tons per 

day thus resulting in a composite VOC emissions reduction of 9.75 tons per day. To recap, 

CARB’s 2006 Consumer and Commercial Products Survey found that the statewide VOC 

emissions contribution for artist solvent and thinners was 252.7 pounds per day. AQMD staff 

uses a 45% factor of the statewide emissions inventory based on population distribution to 

determine the South Coast AQMD jurisdiction emissions contribution. 

 252.7 lbs/day * 0.45 = 113.7 lbs/day; 

 113.7 lbs/day * 1 ton/2000 lbs = 0.057 tons per day 

Thus, the emissions foregone in the South Coast AQMD jurisdiction will be 113.7 lbs/day and is 

summarized in Table VIII-1 below. 

TABLE VIII-1: BREAKDOWN OF EMISSIONS 

INVENTORY 

DESCRIPTION 

VOC EMISSIONS 

(tpd) 

 Rule 1143 Interim 

 VOC Limit (300 g/L) 5.94 

 Rule 1143 Final 

 VOC Limit (25 g/L) 3.81 

 Total Existing Emission 

 Reductions Applied to Rule1143 9.75 

 Artist Solvent/Thinner 

 Exemption -0.057 

 Total Emission Reduction 

 Applied to Rule 1143 9.69 

The proposed amendments would result in an increase of 0.62% of VOC emissions foregone. 

 (9.75 tpd – 9.69 tpd)/9.75 tpd = 0.0062 = 0.62% 
Proposed Amended Rule 1143 10 December 2010 

IX. COST ANALYSIS 

PAR1143 results in a cost savings to the industry, since they will be able to continue business as 

usual. 

X. INCREMENTAL COST-EFFECTIVENESS 

Under Health and Safety Code § 40920.6, the AQMD is required to perform an incremental cost 

analysis when adopting a Best Available Retrofit Control Technology (BARCT) rule or feasible 

measure required by the California Clean Air Act. To perform this analysis, the AQMD must (1) 

identify one or more control options achieving the emission reduction objectives for the 

proposed rule, (2) determine the cost effectiveness for each option, and (3) calculate the 

incremental cost effectiveness for each option. To determine incremental costs, the AQMD must 

“calculate the difference in the dollar costs divided by the difference in the emission reduction 

potentials between each progressively more stringent potential control option as compared to the 

next less expensive control option.” 

The proposed amendments to Rule 1143 do not implement a more restrictive BARCT or feasible 

control measure, and therefore § 40920.6 is inapplicable. 

XI. CALIFORNIA ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY ACT (CEQA) 

Pursuant to California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) and AQMD Rule 110, the AQMD 

staff has prepared a Draft Environmental Assessment (EA) and circulated it for a 45-day public 

review and comment period from September 30, 2010 to November 16, 2010. No comments 

were received during the public comment period. The Draft EA has been revised and is now a 

Final EA. The only environmental topic identified in the Final EA that may be adversely 

affected by the proposed project is air quality. PAR 1143 would result in 113.7 pounds per day 

of VOC emission reductions foregone from exempting artist solvents and thinners, which 

exceeds the SCAQMD operational VOC significant threshold of 55 pounds per day. Since the 

operational VOC emissions would exceed the applicable significance threshold; VOCs are ozone 

precursors; and the district is classified as non-attainment for ozone; PAR 1143 may contribute 

to an existing or projected air quality violation. AQMD staff prepared Findings and a Statement 

of Overriding Considerations pursuant to state CEQA Guidelines §§15091 and 15093, 

respectively, regarding adverse environmental impacts that cannot be mitigated to insignificance; 

and since no mitigation measures were identified a mitigation monitoring and reporting plan 

pursuant to CEQA Guidelines §15097 is not required.

XII. SOCIOECONOMIC ASSESSMENT 

PAR 1143 allows for an artist solvents and thinners exemption that provides regulatory relief 

because low-VOC artist solvents and thinners are currently not available on the market. 

Therefore, no socioeconomic impacts are anticipated from this proposal. 

XIII. DRAFT FINDINGS 

Health and Safety Code § 40727 requires that prior to adopting, amending, or repealing a rule or 

regulation, the AQMD Governing Board shall make findings of necessity, authority, clarity, 
Proposed Amended Rule 1143 11 December 2010 

consistency, non-duplication, and reference based on relevant information presented at the 

hearing. The draft findings are as follows: 

Necessity – The proposed amendment to Rule 1143 is necessary to allow the availability and use 

of certain types of solvents and thinners that are of vital importance to the artist industry. In 

addition, an exemption for artist solvents and thinners is required since no low-VOC alternatives 

have been identified for this niche category. 

Authority - The AQMD Governing Board obtains its authority to adopt, amend, or repeal rules 

and regulations from Health and Safety Code §§ 39002, 40000, 40001, 40440, 40441, 40702, 

41508, and 41700. 

Clarity - The AQMD Governing Board has determined that Proposed Amended Rule 1143 - 

Consumer Paint Thinners & Multi-purpose Solvents, is written and displayed so that the meaning 

can be easily understood by persons directly affected by it. 

Consistency - The AQMD Governing Board has determined that Proposed Amended Rule 1143 

- Consumer Paint Thinners & Multi-purpose Solvents, is in harmony with, and not in conflict 

with or contradictory to, existing statutes, court decisions, federal or state regulations. 

Non-Duplication - The AQMD Governing Board has determined that Proposed Amended Rule 

1143 - Consumer Paint Thinners & Multi-purpose Solvents, does not impose the same 

requirement as any existing state or federal regulation, and the proposed amendments are 

necessary and proper to execute the powers and duties granted to, and imposed upon, the 

AQMD. 

Reference - In adopting this regulation, the AQMD Governing Board references the following 

statutes which the AQMD hereby implements, interprets or makes specific: California Health 

and Safety Code §§ 40001, 40440, and 40702. 

XIV. COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS 

Health and Safety Code Section 40727.2 

As required by Health and Safety Code § 40727.2, the purpose of this analysis is to identify and 

compare any other AQMD, state, or federal regulations that apply to the same equipment or 

source type contained in this rule proposal. Staff identified one regulation authored by the 

California Air Resources Board (CARB) that shares regulatory language with AQMD’s 

Proposed Amended Rule (PAR) 1143 – Consumer Paint Thinners and Multi-Purpose Solvents. 

CARB’s Consumer Products Regulations (CPR) is a multi-faceted regulation that regulates the 

consumer product industry including standards for multi-purpose solvents and paint thinners. 

Staff has worked extensively with CARB to make PAR 1143 as consistent as possible with 

CARB’s CPR. This amendment seeks to further align AQMD’s PAR 1143 with CARB’s CPR 

by proposing an amendment to include an Artist Solvents/Thinners exemption for products that 

are properly labeled and sold in containers that are one liter or less from applicable VOC limits 

and to clarify that all exempt products shall be subject to recordkeeping and reporting. 

Affected sources under CARB’s CPR include multiple categories of consumer products, 

including multi-purpose solvents and paint thinners. The proposed amendment to PAR 1143 will 
Proposed Amended Rule 1143 12 December 2010 

result in minor VOC emissions foregone but does not affect existing VOC limits. Therefore, 

PAR 1143 does not impose a new emission limit or standard, make an existing emission limit or 

standard more stringent, or impose new or more stringent monitoring, reporting or recordkeeping 

requirements [See California Health & Safety Code § 40727.2(g)]. 

Table XIV.1 immediately follows and shows a comparative analysis between AQMD PAR 1143 

and CARB’s CPR, for the multi-purpose and paint thinners categories only.

TABLE XIV-1: COMPARISON OF AQMD PAR 1143 TO CARB’S CPR 

CATEGORY 

SCAQMD PAR 1143 

Consumer Paint Thinners & MultiPurpose Solvents

CARB 

Consumer Products Regulations 

Sections: 94508, 94509, 94510, 

94512, 94513, and 94515 

Adoption Date March 9, 2009 August 6, 2010 

Purpose 

Reduce VOC emissions from the use, 

storage and disposal of consumer paint 

thinners & multi-purpose solvents 

commonly used in thinning of coating 

materials, cleaning of application 

equipment, or other solvent cleaning 

operations by limiting their VOC content 

Reduce VOC emissions for a wide variety 

of consumer products including multipurpose solvent and paint thinner 

products which will partially fulfill the 

consumer product reduction commitment 

contained in the State Strategy for 

California’s 2007 SIP 

Applicability 

(to whom) 

Rule 1143 applies to any person who sells, 

offers for sale, or manufactures, or any 

person who uses or solicits the use of any 

consumer paint thinners & multi-purpose 

solvents in the District 

Except as provided in Sections 94509(i) 

and 95510, this article shall apply to any 

person who sells, supplies, offers for sale, 

or manufactures consumer products for 

use in the State of California. 

Applicability 

(jurisdiction) 

South Coast Air Quality Management 

District Jurisdiction 

Statewide Provisions: 

SCAQMD will recognize the statewide 

provisions set forth in the CPR, see “Other 

Elements” under General Prohibitions, 

shown in the CARB column, for details 

Applicable in all areas of California 

outside the South Coast Air Quality 

Management District 

Statewide Provisions: 

See “Other Elements” under General 

Prohibitions for details 

Averaging 

Provisions Not Applicable Not Applicable 

Units 

VOC Limit (Unit: Mass/Volume): 

Grams/Liter (g/L) or Pounds/Gallon (lb/G) 

Tier 1 – 300 g/L (2.50 lb/Gal), {Eff 1/1/10} 

Tier 2 – 25 g/L (0.21 lb/Gal), {Eff 1/1/11} 

VOC Limit (Unit: %/Wt.): 

Percent by Weight VOC Determination 

Tier 1 – 30% by weight, {Eff 12/31/10} 

Tier 2 – 3% by weight, {Eff 12/31/13} 

Operating 

Parameters See Work Practices See Work Practices 

Work 

Practices 

Any solvent container subject to the rule 

shall be closed when not in use. Solvent 

containers include: drums, buckets, cans, 

pails, trays or other application containers 

No work practices cited in CPR 
Proposed Amended Rule 1143 13 December 2010 

Method to 

Determine VOC 

U.S.EPA Method 24 

– or – 

SCAQMD Method 304 

CARB Method 310 

Monitoring Not Applicable Not Applicable 

TABLE XIV-1: COMPARISON OF AQMD PAR 1143 TO CARB’S CPR, continued 

CATEGORY 

SCAQMD PAR 1143 

Consumer Paint Thinners & MultiPurpose Solvents

CARB 

Consumer Products Regulations 

Sections: 94508, 94509, 94510, 

94512, 94513, and 94515 

Reporting 

All manufacturers and distributors subject 

to the rule shall report annually, a list of all 

their US distributors and on April 1 and 

each subsequent year thereafter, submit an 

Annual Quantity and Emissions Report. 

Proposed Amended Rule 1143 will clarify 

that all exempt products shall be subject to 

recordkeeping and reporting requirements 

All responsible parties for multi-purpose 

solvent and paint thinner products shall 

report data regarding product sales and 

composition for the year 2011. 

Additional reporting requirements for 

Consumer Products that contain 

perchloroethylene or methylene chloride 

Recordkeeping 

On or before April 1, 2010 and each 

subsequent April each manufacturer 

subject to the rule shall maintain records 

for 5 years and such records shall be made 

available to the Executive Officer upon 

request 

Records to include: 

Product Formulation Records, Production 

Records, Distribution Records and Sales 

Records 

On or before June 30, 2012, all responsible 

parties for multi-purpose solvent and 

paint thinner products shall submit 

reports to the Executive Officer 

Records to include: 

Company name, product name, category, 

product label, applicable product forms, 

and California sales 

TABLE XIV-1: CONTINUES ON NEXT PAGE
Proposed Amended Rule 1143 14 December 2010 

TABLE XIV-1: COMPARISON OF AQMD PAR 1143 TO CARB’S CPR, continued 

CATEGORY 

SCAQMD PAR 1143 

Consumer Paint Thinners & MultiPurpose Solvents

CARB 

Consumer Products Regulations 

Sections: 94508, 94509, 94510, 

94512, 94513, and 94515 

Exemptions 

General Exemptions: 

None 

VOC Limit Exemptions: 

Solvents provided that they are labeled and 

designated exclusively for the clean-up of 

polyaspartic and polyurea coatings 

application equipment 

Thinners provided that they are labeled 

and designated exclusively for the thinning 

of Industrial Maintenance (IM) coatings, 

Zinc-Rich IM primers, and High 

Temperature IM coatings 

Artist solvents/thinners provided that they 

meet and are labeled to meet ASTM D4236-

94 and designated exclusively to reduce the 

viscosity of, or remove, art coating 

compositions or components and are 

individually packaged in containers having 

a total capacity equal to or less than 1 liter 

No Small Container Exemption 

No Low-Vapor Pressure Provision in 

Proposed Amended Rule 1143 

General Exemptions: 

Until December 31, 2013, the VOC limits 

and the prohibition of Aromatic 

Compounds shall not apply to paint 

thinners with a capacity less than or equal 

to 8 fluid ounces 

VOC Limit Exemptions: 

The CPR does not have a specific 

exemption for the clean-up of application 

equipment used for polyaspartic or 

polyurea coatings however, the definition 

for Multi-purpose Solvent, paragraph B, 

has language that states “Multi-purpose 

solvent does not include solvents used 

exclusively for the clean-up of 

polyaspartic and polyurea coatings” 

The CPR does not have a specific 

exemption for the thinning of Industrial 

Maintenance (IM) coatings however, the 

definition for Paint Thinners has language 

the states “products that are sold in 

containers of 5 gallons or more and 

labeled exclusively for the thinning of 

Industrial Maintenance Coatings, ZincRich Primers, or High Temperature 

Coatings” are not included in the 

definition of “Paint Thinner” 

Artist’s Solvent/Thinner provided they are 

labeled to meet ASTM D4236-95 (sic) and 

packaged in a container equal to or less 

than 32 fluid ounces (CARB has 

submitted an amendment to the CPR to 

increase the capacity to 34 fluid ounces) 

Temporary exemption for paint thinners 

sold and packaged in small containers less 

than or equal to 8 fluid ounces until 

December 31, 2013 

The VOC limits shall not apply to any 

Low–Vapor Pressure VOC 
Proposed Amended Rule 1143 15 December 2010 

TABLE XIV-1: COMPARISON OF AQMD PAR 1143 TO CARB’S CPR, continued 

CATEGORY 

SCAQMD PAR 1143 

Consumer Paint Thinners & MultiPurpose Solvents

CARB 

Consumer Products Regulations 

Sections: 94508, 94509, 94510, 

94512, 94513, and 94515 

General Prohibition: 

No person shall supply, sell, offer for sale, 

manufacture, blend, package, or repackage 

any Consumer Paint Thinners & MultiPurpose Solvents subject to Rule 1143 that 

contain in the excess of 0.1% by weight any 

Group II exempt compounds listed in Rule 

102. Cyclic, branched, or linear methylated 

siloxanes (VMS) are not subject to this 

prohibition 

SCAQMD will recognize the statewide 

provisions set forth in the CPR, see 

adjacent column 

General Prohibition: 

The CPR has state-wide requirements 

that will be effective on December 31, 

2010, when no person shall sell, supply, 

offer for sale, or manufacture for use in 

California any multi-purpose solvent or 

paint thinning that contains: 

Chemical compounds that have a Global 

Warming Potential (GWP) Value of 150 

or greater 

Methylene Chloride, Perchloroethylene, 

or trichloroethylene 

Greater than 1% “Aromatic Compounds” 

by weight 

Other 

Elements 

Sell-through Provision: 

Tier 1 – One year (until January 1, 2011), 

allows sale and use of high–VOC solvents 

and thinners if manufactured prior to 

January 1, 2010 

Tier 2 – One year (until January 1, 2012), 

allows sale and use of solvents and thinners 

that have more than 25 g/L VOC but less 

than 300 g/L VOC if manufactured prior to 

January 1, 2011 

An additional sell-through provision for 

consumer paint thinners manufactured 

prior to July 9, 2010 and labeled for more 

than one use including industrial 

maintenance coating thinning, may be sold, 

supplied, offered for sale, or used up to 

April 1, 2011 

Sell-through Provision: 

Tier 1 – Three years (until December 31, 

2013, allows sale and use of high-VOC 

solvents and thinners if manufactured 

prior to December 31, 2010 

Tier 2 – Three years (until December 31, 

2016, allows sale and use of solvents and 

thinners that have more than 3 percent by 

weight VOC but less than 30 g/L percent 

by weight VOC if manufactured prior to 

December 31, 2013 

Multi-purpose solvents and paint 

thinners that contain any chemical 

compound that has a GWP Value of 150 

or greater; methylene chloride, 

perchloroethylene, or trichloroethylene; 

or greater than 1% aromatic compounds 

by weight and were manufactured before 

December 31, 2010, may be sold, supplied, 

or offered for sale until December 31, 2013

XV. DRAFT CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 

Staff recommends that Rule 1143 be amended as proposed to align the artist solvents and 

thinners exemption with CARB’s CPR. 

XVI. PUBLIC COMMENTS AND RESPONSES 

This section presents the comment letter that was received after the Wednesday, September 15, 

2010 public workshop. The comment letter shows the paragraphs numbered which will correlate 

to staff responses following the reproduction of the comment letter. The public commenting 

period started on September 15, 2010 and continued up to the deadline September 24, 2010. 
Proposed Amended Rule 1143 16 December 2010 

The following comment letter was received on September 24, 2010 from Charles H. Pomeroy, 

Partner with McKenna Long and Aldridge, Attorneys at Law, LLP, representing ACMI, the Art 

& Creative Materials Institute. The letter also included an attachment of a reproduced printed 

version of ASTM D4236-94 (Reapproved 2005) which is not reproduced in this report due to 

copyright laws. 

1-1

1-2
Proposed Amended Rule 1143 17 December 2010 

1-3

1-2
Proposed Amended Rule 1143 18 December 2010 

Response to Comment #1-1 

Staff agrees with the comment that an Artist Solvent/Thinner exemption should be included in Rule 1143

but with the criteria of a size requirement, where any individual packaged container having a total 

capacity less than or equal to 1 liter and is labeled and designated exclusively to reduce the viscosity of, 

or remove, art coating compositions or components, and meets and is labeled to meet the requirements of 

ASTM D4236-94 (Reapproved 2005) the Standard Practice for Labeling Art Materials for Chronic Health 

Hazards. Staff has worked extensively with CARB staff to make the proposed rule language for the Artist 

Solvents/Thinners as consistent as possible with the language in their Consumer Products Regulation. 

Response to Comment #1-2 

Staff recalls the comment made during the public workshop regarding potential circumvention of the 

proposed rule language for Artist Solvents/Thinners and that non-artist companies could go through the

ASTM D4236-94 testing and thereafter sell the products at home improvement stores such as Home 

Depot, Lowes, and other commercial hardware stores. The comment also points out that CARB and 

AQMD staff both commented at the public workshop that the container size of less than 1 liter and cost of 

the product would preclude use by the non-artists of the solvents. Staff has had discussions with CARB 

and was informed that solvents and thinners manufactured exclusively for artists can cost 4 to 5 times the 

price a similar size (capacity) product commonly found at a Home Depot would cost. Staff verified these 

costs and found that for a common quart size, the artist products cost 67.6% more than the general use

consumer paint thinners and multi-purpose solvents commonly found in Home Depot, Lowes, and other 

commercial hardware stores, whereas for the gallon size, the artist products cost 54.1% more than the 

general use consumer paint thinners and multi-purpose solvents. Staff believes that these higher costs, 

even though much lower than CARB’s estimates, and the 1 liter or less capacity requirement, will 

discourage circumvention by solvent and thinner users that do not use these types of products for nonartistic uses. Further, staff has reinforced the proposed definition by adding the following: “Artist 

Solvents/Thinners do not include commercial-grade solvents or thinners”. Finally, staff believes that 

monitoring sales trends would be a viable tool to detect circumvention. Staff has revised the rule 

language in Rule 1143 to exempt Artist Solvents/Thinners from the VOC requirements in paragraph 

(d)(1). This clarification will require recordkeeping for all manufacturing and distribution facilities, artist 

and non-artist, as described in the rule, which will provide AQMD with data to monitor the sales trends 

for Artist Solvents/Thinners, in addition to the other exempt products in the rule that are labeled and 

designated exclusively for the clean-up of polyaspartic and polyurea coatings, and thinners that are 

labeled and designated exclusively for the thinning of Industrial Maintenance coatings, zinc-rich primers, 

and high temperature coatings. AQMD believes that all of these measures will discourage circumvention

and allow staff to monitor and assess whether the exempt solvents are possibly being used improperly. 

Staff also agrees with the comment that ASTM D4236-94 does indeed have language in sections 2.1.2 

and 2.1.12 where section 1.2 of the ASTM states ”This practice applies exclusively to art materials 

packaged in sizes intended for individual users of any age or those participating in a small group.” This 

language in ASTM D4236-94 and the language in proposed Rule 1143 paragraph (c)(1) both have 

language to require solvents and thinners that will be used for artist use shall be labeled and meet the 

requirements in ASTM D4236-94. 
Proposed Amended Rule 1143 19 December 2010 

Response to Comment #1-3 

Staff agrees. Staff has revised the proposed rule language and replaced 32 fluid ounces with 1 liter. The 

new language will read “Artist solvents/thinners provided that they are labeled and designated exclusively 

to reduce the viscosity of, or remove, art coating compositions or components and are individually 

packaged in containers having a total capacity equal to or less than 1 liter.” 
Proposed Amended Rule 1143 20 December 2010 

XVII. REFERENCES 

ASTM D4236-94 (Reapproved 2005), Standard Practice for Labeling Art Materials for Chronic Health 

Hazards 

CARB, 2006 Consumer and Commercial Products Survey, 2009, 

http://www.arb.ca.gov/consprod/regact/2006surv/2006surv.htm 

CARB, Consumer Products Regulations, August 7, 2009, 

http://www.arb.ca.gov/regact/2009/cpmthd310/cpmthdisor.pdf 

AQMD Rule 1143 - Consumer Paint Thinners & Multi-Purpose Solvents, amended on June 4, 2010 

AQMD Rule 1143 - Consumer Paint Thinners & Multi-Purpose Solvents, Current Amendment, amended 

on July 9, 2010 

AQMD, Preliminary Draft Staff Report for Proposed Amended Rule 1143 - Consumer Paint Thinners & 

Multi-Purpose Solvents, posted on AQMD website on August 24, 2010 

AQMD, Proposed Amended Rule 1143 - Consumer Paint Thinners & Multi-Purpose Solvents, posted on 

AQMD website on August 24, 2010