..: : :: : :, . .. . . .. . . : : : : . , .: : .:: . . . . . . . . ::: ~- :- : :. : : : 

R'.4',..PCLLZJTI0N-. :-COl4TROL:::::RBGRMATION:: 

W; . ORGAMC;: 3OLV 

Effective 8 April 1996 
I-- 
RHODE ISLAND DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 

DLVISION OF AIR RESOURCES 

AIR POLLUTION CONTROL REGULATION NO. 36 

CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM ORGANIC SOLVENT CLEANING 

36. Control of Emissions from Organic Solvent Cleaning 

36.1 Definitions 

As used in these regulations, the following terms shall, where the context permits, be 

construed as follows: 

36.1 .1 "Air Blanket" means the layer of air inside a solvent cleaning machine above the 

solvent/air interface . The centroid of the air blanket is equidistant from the sides of the 

machine. 

36.1 .2 "Automated Parts Handling System" means a mechanical device that carries all 

parts and parts baskets through the cleaning cycle at a controlled speed from the initial 

loading of contaminated or wet parts through the removal of the cleaned or dried parts . 

Automated parts handling systems include, but are not limited to, hoists and conveyors . 

36.1 .3 "Batch Cleaning" means the process in which individual parts or a set of parts 

move through an entire cleaning cycle before new parts are introduced into the solvent 

cleaning machine. 

36.1 .4 "Carbon Adsorber" means a bed of activated carbon which adsorbs solvent from 

an air-solvent gas-vapor stream. 

36.1 .5 "Clean Liquid Solvent" means fresh unused solvent, recycled solvent, or used 

solvent that has been cleaned of contaminants (e.g ., skimmed of oils or sludge and 

strained of metal chips). 

36.1 .6 "Cleaning Capacity" means, for a cleaning machine without a solvent/air interface, 

the maximum volume of parts that can be cleaned at one time. In most cases, the 

cleaning capacity is equal to the volume (length times width times height) of the cleaning 

chamber. 

36.1 .7 "Cold Cleaning" means an organic solvent cleaning process which cleans and 

removes contaminants or water from surfaces by spraying, brushing, flushing, immersing, 

or drying parts. Cleaning machines that use heated, nonboiling solvent to clean the parts 

are classified as cold cleaning machines. Wipe cleaning is not included in this definition. 

36-1 
36.1 .8 "Dwell" means the technique of holding parts within the freeboard zone but above 

the vapor zone of the solvent cleaning machine. Dwell is used after cleaning to allow 

solvent to drain from parts or parts baskets back into the solvent cleaning machine. 

36.1 .9 "Dwell Time" is the amount of time that a part dwells in the freeboard zone of 

the solvent cleaning machine. 

36.1 .10 "Emission" means the release or discharge, directly or indirectly, of one or more 

air pollutants into the air . 

36.1 .11 "Freeboard Height" means;Tor a batch cleaning machine, the distance from the 

solvent/air interface, measured during the idling mode, to the top of the cleaning machine; 

for an in-line cleaning machine, it is the distance from the solvent/air interface to the 

bottom of the entrance or exit opening, whichever is lower, as measured during the idling 

mode. 

36.1 .12 "Freeboard Ratio" means the freeboard height divided by the width of the smaller 

interior dimension of the organic solvent cleaning machine. 

36.1 .13 "Freeboard Zone" means; for a batch cleaning machine, the zone within the 

solvent cleaning machine that extends from the solvent/air interface to the top of the 

solvent cleaning machine; for an in-line cleaning machine, it is the zone within the solvent 

cleaning machine that extends from the solvent/air interface to the bottom of the entrance 

or exit opening, whichever is lower. 

36.1 .14 "Halogenated Solvents" and "HOC" means the following compounds: 

(a) (b) 

(c) 

(d) 

(e) 

(f) 

(g) 

(i) 

U) 

(1) 

CFC-11 (trichlorofluoromethane) 

CFC-12 (dichlorodifluoromethane) 

CFC-113 (1,1,1-trichloro 2,2,2-trifluoroethane) 

CFC-114 (1,2-dichloro 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane) 

CFC-115 (chloropentafluoroethane) 

HCFC-22 (chlorodifluoromethane) 

HCFC-123 (1,1,1-trifluoro 2,2-dichloroethane) 

HCFC-124 (2-chloro 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane) 

HCFC-141b (1,1-dichloro 1-fluoroethane) 

HCFC-142b (1-chloro 1,1-difluoroethane) 

methyl chloroform (1,1,1-trichloroethane) 

methylene chloride (dichloromethane) 

36.1 .15 "Hazardous Air Pollutant" means any. pollutant which has been listed pursuant 

to Section 112(b) of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 or which is listed in Table 

1 of Rhode Island Air Pollution Control Regulation No. 22. 

36-2 
36.1 .16 "Idling Mode" means the time period when a solvent cleaning machine is not actively cleaning parts and the sump heating coils, if present, are turned on. 

36.1 .17 "In-line Cleaning" means an organic solvent cleaning machine that uses an automated parts handling system, typically a conveyor, to automatically provide a continuous supply of parts to be cleaned . These units are fully enclosed except for the 

conveyor inlet and exit openings. In-line cleaning machines can be either cold or vapor cleaning machines. 

36.1 .18 "Leakproof Coupling" means a threaded or other type of coupling that prevents 

solvents from leaking while filling or draining solvent to and from the solvent cleaning 

machine. 

36.1 .19 "Lip Exhaust" means a device installed at the top of the opening of a solvent 

cleaning machine that draws air and solvent vapor from the freeboard zone and removes 

the air and vapor from the solvent cleaning area. 

36.1 .20 "Organic Solvent Cleaning" means the process of cleaning contaminants or water 

from surfaces by cold cleaning or vapor cleaning using Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) or volatile Hazardous Air Pollutants. - 

36.1 .21 "Person" means an individual, trust, firm, joint stock company, corporation 

(including a quasi-governmental corporation), partnership, association, syndicate, 

municipality, municipal, or state agency, fire district, club, non-profit agency or any 

subdivision, commission, department, bureau, agency or department of state or federal 

government (including a quasi-governmental corporation) or of any interstate body. 

~36.1 .22 ~ "Primary Condenser" means a series of cooling coils on a vapor cleaning 

machine through which a chilled substance is circulated to provide continuous 

condensation of rising solvent 'vapors and, thereby, create a concentrated solvent vapor 

zone. 

36.1 .23 "Refrigerated Freeboard Chiller" means a control device mounted above the 

primary condenser coils consisting of secondary coils which carry a refrigerant to provide 

a chilled air blanket above the solvent vapor to reduce emissions from the solvent 

cleaning machine. 

36.1 .24 "Remote-Reservoir Cold Cleaning" means cold cleaning using equipment which 

pumps liquid solvent to a sink-like work area and then drains the solvent back into an 

enclosed container while parts are being cleaned, allowing no solvent to pool in the work 

area. . 

36.1 .25 "Solvent/Air Interface" means, for a vapor cleaning machine, the location of 

contact between the concentrated solvent vapor layer and the air. If this location cannot 

36-3 
be determined, it is assumed to be at the mid-line height of the primary condenser coils. 

For a cold cleaning machine, it is the location of contact between the liquid solvent and 

the air. 

36.1 .26 "Solvent Cleaning Machine" means any device or piece of equipment that uses 

solvent liquid or vapor to remove contaminants from the surfaces of materials. Types of 

solvent cleaning machines ~ include, but are not limited to, batch vapor, in-line vapor, 

in-line cold, and batch cold solvent cleaning machines. 

36.1 .27 "Solvent Vapor Zone" means; for a vapor cleaning machine, the zone that 

extends from the liquid solvent surface to the level that solvent vapor is condensed. This 

condensation level is defined as the midline height of the primary condenser coils. 

36.1 .28 "Sump" means the part of a solvent cleaning machine where the liquid solvent 

is located. 

36.1 .29 "Superheated Vapor System" means a system that heats solvent vapor to a 

temperature above the solvent's boiling point. Parts are held (dwell) in the superheated 

vapor to evaporate the liquid solvent on them before exiting the machine. Hot vapor 

recycle is an example of a superheated vapor system. 

36:1 .30 "Vapor Cleaning" means an organic solvent cleaning process in which 

-contaminants or water are cleaned and removed from surfaces by condensing hot solvent 

vapor on the colder pieces. This definition includes vapor degreasing and drying. 

36.1 .31 "Volatile Organic Compounds" and "VOC" means any organic compound which 

participates in atmospheric photochemical reactions. This includes any organic 

compounds other than the following compounds: 

(a) acetone 

(b) CFC-11 (trichlorofluoromethane) 

(c) CFC-12 (dichlorodifluoromethane) 

(d) CFC-113 (1,1,1-trichloro 2,2,2-trifluoroethane) 

(e) CFC-114 (1,2-dichloro 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane) 

(f) CFC-115 (chloropentafluoroethane) 

(g) ethane 

(h) HCFC-22 (chlorodifluoromethane) 

(i) HCFC-123 (1,1,1-trifluoro 2,2-dichloroethane) 

(j) HCFC-124 (2-chloro 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane) 

(k) HCFC-141b (1,1-dichloro 1-fluoroethane) 

(1) HCFC-142b (1-chloro 1,1-difluoroethane) 

(m) HFC-23 (trifluoromethane) 

(n) HFC-125 (pentafluoroethane) 

(o) HFC-134 (1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane) 

36-4 
(p) HFC-134a (1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane) 

(Q) HFC-143a (1,1,1-trifluoroethane) " 

(r) HFC-152a (1,1-difluoroethane) 

.(s) methane 

(t) methyl chloroform (1,1,1-trichloroethane) 

(u) methylene chloride (dichloromethane) 

(v) parachlorobenzotrifluoride (PCBTF) 

(w) cyclic, branched, or linear completely methylated siloxanes (x) The perfluorocarbon compounds which fall into these classes : 

(1) Cyclic, branched, or linear, completely fluorinated allcanes; (2) Cyclic, branched, or linear, completely fluorinated ethers with no unsaturations; 

(3) Cyclic, branched, or linear, completely fluorinated tertiary amines 

with no unsaturations; and 

(4) Sulfur containing perfluorocarbons with no unsaturations and with 

sulfur bonds only to carbon and fluorine. 

These compounds have been determined to have negligible photochemical reactivity. For 

purposes of determining compliance with emission limits, VOC will be measured by the 

approved test methods. Where such a method also inadvertently measures compounds 

with negligible photochemical reactivity, as defined above, an owner or operator may 

exclude these negligible photochemical reactive compounds when determining compliance 

with an emissions standard. 

36.1 .32 "Working Mode" means the time period when the solvent cleaning machine is 

actively cleaning parts. 

36.2 Applicability 

36.2.1 The provisions of this regulation apply to any person who owns, leases, operates, 

or controls an organic solvent cleaning machine. 

36.2 .2 Wherever the term "Volatile Organic Compound" or "VOC" appears in Subsection 

36.1 .20 or Sections 36.2 through 36.12, read this to mean "Volatile Organic Compounds 

and Halogenated Organic Compounds" or "VOC and HOC". 

36.2.3 The requirements in this regulation supersede the requirements in Air Pollution 

Control Regulation No. 18, entitled "Control of Emissions from Organic Solvent 

Cleaning" . A facility must continue to comply with Regulation No. 18 until . the 

applicable compliance date for the provisions of this regulation, as specified in Section 

36.3 . 
36.3 Compliance Schedule 

Compliance with the provisions of this regulation shall be achieved by the following dates: 

(a) Solvent cleaning machines that commenced construction or reconstruction before 

November 29, 1993, shall achieve compliance with this regulation by January 1, 

1997. 

(b) Solvent cleaning machines that commenced construction or reconstruction on or 

after November 29, 1993,- shall achieve compliance with this regulation 

immediately upon,startup or by April ~8, k 996, whichever is later. 

36.4 General Requirements 

36.4.1 Equipment covers and dipping or rotating baskets must be constructed of 

nonporous or nonabsorbent material. Covers must form a tight seal with the sides of the 

solvent cleaning machine and have no gaps or holes. 

36.4 .2 - When the solvent cleaning machine cover is open, drafts at the same elevation 

as the tank lip must not be greater than 40 m/min. (130 ft/min.) when measured 1 to 2 

. meters (3 to 7 feet) upwind. 

36.4:3 Leaks must be repaired immediately or the solvent cleaning unit shut down. 

36.4.4 Equipment used in solvent cleaning must display a conspicuous summary of 

proper operating procedures consistent with minimizing emissions of organic solvents. 

36.4 .5 Any solvent spray must be a solid, fluid stream which is delivered at a pressure 

no greater than 10 pounds per square inch (psi) and which does not cause excessive 

splashing. 

36.4.6 ~ Spills shall be wiped up immediately. The wipe rags shall be stored in covered 

containers meeting the specifications in Subsection 36.4 .12. 

36.4.7 No porous or absorbent materials, such as sponges, fabrics, wood, or paper 

products, shall be cleaned in an organic cleaning machine. 

36.4.8 Parts baskets or parts shall be drained under the cover and shall . not be removed 

from the cleaning machine for at least 15 seconds or until dripping ceases and the pieces 

are visually dry, whichever is longer. 

36.4 .9 Parts having cavities or blind holes shall be tipped or rotated while draining 

before being removed from the vapor zone. 

36-6 
36.4.10 Parts shall be oriented for best drainage. 

36.4 .11 When solvent is added to or drained from a solvent cleaning machine, the solvent 

shall be transferred using threaded or other leakproof couplings and the end of the pipe 

in the solvent sump shall be located beneath the liquid solvent surface. 

36.4.12 Solvent, waste solvent, still bottoms, and sump bottoms must be stored in 

covered containers .and waste solvent transferral or disposal must allow less than 20 

percent of the waste solvent (by weight) to evaporate into the atmosphere. 

36.4 .13 Each solvent cleaning machine and related air pollution control equipment shall 

be maintained as recommended by the manufacturer of the equipment. 

36.4.14 Operators must receive training in proper solvent cleaning procedures and, if 

requested by representatives of the Division or the EPA during an inspection, must 

complete and pass the applicable sections of the test on those procedures in Appendix A. 

36.5 Requirements for Batch Cold Cleaning Operations 

36.5 .1 Cleaning machines shall be equipped with an attached cover that can be operated 

easily with one hand. Covers must be closed at all times except during parts entry and 

removal. If the cold cleaning machine is equipped with a lip exhaust, the cover shall be 

located below the lip exhaust. 

36.5 .2 The solvent sump of a remote-reservoir batch cold cleaning machine must be 

equipped with a tight fitting cover that is kept closed at all times except during the 

cleaning of parts. 

36.5 .3 One of the following techniques shall be used to control solvent emissions from 

batch cold cleaning operations: 

(a) A freeboard ratio greater than or equal to 0.75 ; or 

(b) Water cover of at least four inches_ in depth if the solvent is insoluble in and 

heavier than water; or 

(c) Another system of equivalent control that is approved by the Director and the 

EPA. Requests for equivalency determinations for control of cleaning machines 

installed before November 29, 1993 must be submitted no later than June 3, 1996. 

Requests for equivalency determinations for control of cleaning machines installed 

on or after November 29, 1993 must be submitted and approved prior to startup 

of the cleaning machine. Requests shall include the following information: 

(1) A complete description of process and control equipment; 

36-7 
(2). Testing procedures that will be used to demonstrate equivalency ; and 

(3) The date, time and location of the equivalency test. 

36.5 .4 If a flexible hose or flushing device is used, flushing shall be performed only 

within the freeboard zone of the cold cleaning machine. 

36.5 .5 When an air- or pump-agitated solvent bath is used, the agitator shall be operated 

so that a rolling motion of the solvent is produced and splashing against the tank or parts 

being cleaned does not occur. 

, 

36.5 .6 The height of solvent in a batch cold cleaner shall not exceed the manufacturer's 

fill-line for that machine. 

36.6 Requirements for Batch Vapor Cleaning Operations With Solvent/Air Interfaces 

36.6 .1 Vapor cleaning machines shall be equipped with a cover that can be easily 

operated without disturbing the vapor zone and that is attached to-the-vapor -cleaning 

machine. Covers must be closed at all times except during parts entry and removal. If 

the-batch vapor cleaning machine is equipped with -a4ip~~exhaust, the cover must be 

loca"*elow°the~9p--wdiaust .' - 

36.6.2 Each vapor cleaning machine shall be equipped with a primary condenser. 

36.6 .3 Each vapor cleaning machine, except those exempted as specified in Section 

36.12, which uses a solvent containing trichloroethylene, perchloroethylene, 1,1,1-

trichloroethane, methylene chloride, chloroform, or carbon tetrachloride shall be equipped 

with an automated parts handling system, such as, but not limited to, a hoist or conveyor, 

that maintains a vertical conveyor speed of less than 2 inches per second (10 feet per 

minute). 

36.6.4 Each vapor cleaning machine must be equipped with the following safety switches: 

(a) A condenser flow switch and thermostat to shut off the heat to the solvent if the 

condenser coolant is not circulating ; and 

(b) A vapor level control thermostat to shut off the heat when the vapor level rises 

above the height of the primary cooling coils; and 

(c) If the cleaning machine is equipped with a spray apparatus, a spray safety switch 

to shut off the spray pump if the vapor level drops more than 4 inches (10 cm) 

from the bottom of the primary condenser coil and to prevent spraying outside the 

vapor level ; and 

36-8 
(d) A low solvent level safety switch to shut off the heating element if it should 

become exposed. 

36.6 .5 Each vapor cleaning machine shall have a freeboard ratio of at least 0.75. 

36.6 .6 Any vapor cleaning machine that has a solvent/air interface of 13 square feet (1 .21 

square .meters) or less and uses a solvent containing trichloroethylene, perchloroethylene, 

1,1,1-trichloroethane, methylene chloride, chloroform, or carbon tetrachloride must be 

equipped with one of the following control combinations: 

(a) Refrigerated freeboard chiller, and superheated vapor system; or 

(b) Refrigerated freeboard chiller and freeboard ratio of at least 1 .0 ; or 

(c) Refrigerated freeboard chiller and carbon adsorber; or'\ 

(d) Refrigerated freeboard chiller and dwell; or 

,k e <.0 

(e) Another system of equivalent control that is approved by the Director and the 

EPA.. Requests for equivalency determinations for control of cleaning machines 

installed before November 29, 1993 must be submitted no later than June 3, 1996. 

Requests for equivalency determinations for control of cleaning machines installed 

on or after November 29, 1993 must be submitted and approved prior to startup 

of the cleaning machine. Requests shall include the following information: 

(1) A complete description of process and control equipment; 

(2) Testing procedures that will be used to demonstrate equivalency ; and 

(3) The date, time and location of the equivalency test. 

36.6.7 Any vapor cleaning machine that has a solvent/air interface of greater than 13 

square feet (1 .21 square meters) and uses a solvent containing trichloroethylene, 

perchloroethylene, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, methylene chloride, chloroform, or carbon 

tetrachloride must be equipped with one of the following control combinations: 

(a) Refrigerated freeboard chiller, freeboard ratio of at least 1 .0; and superheated 

vapor system; or 

` . 

(b) Refrigerated freeboard chiller, superheated vapor system, and carbon adsorber; or ' 

(c) Another system of equivalent control that is approved by the Director and the 

EPA. Requests for equivalency determinations for control of cleaning machines 

installed before November 29, 1993 must be submitted no later than June 3, 1996. 

36-9 
Requests for equivalency determinations for control of cleaning machines installed 

on or after November 29, 1993 must be submitted and approved prior to startup 

of the cleaning machine. Requests shall include the following information: 

(1) A complete description of process and control equipment; 

(2) Testing procedures that will be used to demonstrate equivalency; and 

(3) The date, time and location of the equivalency test . 

36.6.8 Pieces shall be held in the vapor zone for at least 30 seconds or until condensation 

ceases, whichever is longer. . 

36.6 .9 The workload shall -not occupy more than half of the cleaning machine's open top 

area. . 

36.6 .10 The vapor level shall not rise or drop more than 4 inches (10 cm) when the 

workload enters or is removed from the vapor zone. 

36.6 .11 Sprays shall be used only within the vapor zone. 

36:6 .12 Cleaning machines shall be operated so that water cannot be visually detected 

in. .the solvent exiting the water separator . 

36.6 .13 Each cleaning machine that uses a lip exhaust shall be designed and operated to 

route all collected solvent vapors through a properly operated and maintained carbon 

adsorber that meets the requirements of Subsection 36.9 .5 . 

36.6 .14 The exhaust ventilation rate shall not exceed 20 m3/min per m2 (65 cfm per fl ) 

of solvent/air interface, unless necessary to 'meet OSHA requirements. If a carbon 

adsorber is used to meet the requirements of Subsection 36.6.6 or 36.6 .7, the exhaust 

ventilation rate shall be at least 15 m3/min per m2 (50 cfm per M of solvent/air interface . 

36.6 .15 During startup of each vapor cleaning machine, the primary condenser shall be 

turned on before the sump heater. 

36.6 .16 During shutdown of each vapor cleaning machine, the sump heater shall be 

turned off and the solvent vapor layer allowed to collapse before the primary condenser 

is turned off. . 

36.6.17 To minimize solvent carry-out, pieces shall be removed from the vapor cleaning 

machine at a rate less than 2 inches per second (10 feet per minute). 
36.7 Requirements for In-line Cleaning Operations 

36.7.1 Cleaning machines must be equipped with covers that completely cover machine 

openings. Covers must be in place at all times when the conveyors and exhausts are not 

being operated. If the cleaning machine is equipped with a lip exhaust, the cover must 

be located below the lip exhaust. 

36.7.2 Each in-line vapor cleaning machine shall have a primary condenser . 

36.7.3 The automated parts handling system shall move parts at a speed of no more than 

2 inches per second (10 feet per minute). 

36.7.4 The following safety switches must be installed and operated: 

(a) A condenser flow switch to shut off the heat if the condenser coolant is not 

circulating ; and . 

(b) A vapor level control thermostat to shut off the heat when the vapor level rises 

above the height of.the primary cooling coils ; and 

(c) If the cleaning machine is equipped with a spray apparatus, a spray safety switch 

to shut off the spray pump or conveyor if the vapor level drops more than 4 

inches (10 cm) from the bottom of the primary condenser coil and to prevent 

spraying outside the vapor level; and 

(d) A low solvent level safety switch to shut off the heating element if it should 

become exposed. 

36.7.5 Each in-line cleaning machine shall have a freeboard ratio of at least 0.75. 

36.7.6 Each in-line cleaning machine must be equipped with a drying tunnel, a rotating 

(tumbling) basket, or another device that prevents cleaned pieces from carrying solvent 

liquid or vapor out of the unit. . 

36.7.7 Any in-line cleaning machine installed before November 29, 1993 must be 

equipped with one of the following control combinations: 

(a) Refrigerated freeboard chiller and freeboard ratio of at least 1 .0; or 

~ (b) Refrigerated freeboard chiller and dwell; or 

(c) Carbon adsorber and dwell; or 

(d) Another system of equivalent control system that is approved by the Director and 

36-11 
the EPA. Requests for equivalency determinations must be submitted no later than 

June 3, 1996. Requests shall include the following information: 

(1) A complete description of process and control equipment; 

(2) Testing procedures that will be used to demonstrate equivalency ; and 

(3) The date, time and location of the equivalency test. 

36.7 .8 Any in-line cleaning machine installed on or after November 29, 1993 must be 

equipped with and operate one of the following control combinations: 

(a) Refrigerated freeboard chiller and a superheated vapor system; or 

(b) Refrigerated freeboard chiller and carbon adsorber; or 

(c) Another system of equivalent control that is approved by the Director and the 

EPA. Requests for equivalency determinations for control of cleaning machines 

installed on or after November 29, 1993 must be submitted and approved prior to 

startup of the cleaning machine. Requests shall include the following information: 

(1) A complete description of process and control equipment; 

(2) Testing procedures that will be used to demonstrate equivalency; and 

(3) The date, time and location of the equivalency test . 

36.7.9 The size of entrance and exit openings shall be minimized so that there is a 

clearance of no more than four inches on each side between the largest piece cleaned and 

the edges of the opening of the cleaning machine. 

36.7.10 Each in-line cleaning machine that uses a lip exhaust shall be designed and 

operated to route all collected solvent vapors through a properly operated and maintained 

carbon adsorber that meets the requirements of Subsection 36.9.5 . 

36.7.11 The exhaust ventilation rate shall not exceed 20 m3/min per m2 (65 cfm per fe) 

of solvent/air interface, unless necessary to meet OSHA requirements. If a carbon 

adsorber is used to meet the requirements of Subsection 36.7 .7 or 36.7 .8, the exhaust 

ventilation rate shall be at least 15 m3/min per mZ (50 cfin per ft ) of solvent/air interface . 

36.7 .12 The cleaning machine shall be operated so that water cannot be visually detected 

in the solvent exiting the water separator. 
36.7 .13 During startup of each vapor in-line cleaning machine, the primary condenser 

shall be turned on before the sump heater. 

36.7 .14 During shutdown of each vapor in-line cleaning machine, the sump heater shall 

be turned off and the solvent vapor layer allowed to collapse before the primary condenser 

is turned off. 

36.7 .15 Any spraying operations shall be done only within the vapor zone or within a 

section of the in-line cleaning machine that is not directly exposed to the room air . 

36.8 Requirements for Batch Vapor Cleaning Operations Without Solvent/Air Interfaces 

The owner or operator of a batch vapor cleaning machine which does not have a 

solvent/air interface must comply with the requirements specified below. 

36.8 .1 A log of solvent additions and deletions shall be maintained for each cleaning 

machine. 

36.8.2 Solvent emissions from each cleaning machine which does not have a solvent/air 

interface shall not exceed the amount calculated using Equation 1 : 

EL = 85.5 * (Volf6 Equation 1 

Where: 

EL = the average monthly emission limit for any three month period 

_ (pounds/month) 

Vol = the cleaning capacity (volume) of the cleaning machine 

(cubic feet) 

36.8 .3 The owner . or operator of a batch vapor cleaning machine that does not have a 

solvent/air interface shall demonstrate compliance with the emission limit calculated with 

Equation 1 on the first operating day of every month using the following procedure : 

(a) A fill-line must be marked on the first month the measurements are taken. 

Solvent shall be added to bring the level to the same fill-line on the first operating 

day of each month thereafter ; and 

(b) Confirm that only clean liquid solvent is . in the vapor cleaning machine; and 

(c) Using the records of solvent'additions and deletions for the previous month 

r eq Wred - in - S Ub section '36.8 .1 *and Equation 2, determine monthly solvent 

emissions: 

36-13 
E = SA - LSR - SSR Equation 2 

Where: 

E = the total solvent emissions for the previous month (pounds) 

SA = the total amount of solvent added to the cleaning machine during the 

previous month (pounds) 

LSR = the total amount of liquid solvent removed from the 

cleaning machine during the previous month (pounds) 

SSR = the total amount of solid waste removed from the cleaning 

machine during the previous month (pounds) 

(d) The SSR should be determined using either engineering calculations or EPA 

reference method 25d. 

(e) The average monthly emissions for the previous three month period shall be 

calculated according to Equation 3: 

E3.~ = E_,+ + E Equation 3 

3 

Where: 

E3_ , .,= average monthly solvent emissions during the previous three 

month period 

El, EZ, E3= solvent emissions for each of the three most recent months, 

calculated using Equation 2. 

(fl The cleaning machine is in compliance with the average monthly emission limit 

if F....., calculated using Equation 3, is less than or equal to EL, calculated 

according to Equation 1 . 

36 .9 Compliance Specifications and Monitoring Requirements 

The owner or operator of a solvent cleaning machine shall monitor the following 

parameters and record the results: 

36.9.1 The cover of each batch vapor or in-line cleaning machine shall be visually 

inspected monthly to confirm that it is opening and closing properly, that it completely 

36-14 
covers the cleaning machine's openings when closed, and that it is free of cracks, holes, 

and other defects. " 

36.9.2 The speed of automated parts handling systems shall be monitored according to 

the following specifications : 

(a) Determine the speed by measuring the time it takes for the conveyor to travel a 

measured distance. The speed is the distance in -inches divided by the time in 

seconds, or the distance in feet divided by the time in minutes; and 

(b) Monitoring shall be performed on a monthly basis. If no exceedances of the speed 

requirements specified in Subsection 36.6.3 and 36.7.3 occur in a year, then future 

hoist speed monitoring may be conducted on a quarterly basis; and 

(c) If a speed greater than that specified in Subsections 36.6.3 and 36.7 .3 is measured, 

the automated parts handling system must be adjusted so that this specification is 

met; and 

(d) If a speed greater than that specified in Subsections 36.6 .3 and 36.7 .3 is measured 

while monitoring is being conducted on a quarterly basis, then monthly monitoring 

must be resumed until another year passes without any exceedances . . 

36.9.3 If a refrigerated freeboard chiller is used, the temperature at the coldest point of 

the centroid of the chilled air blanket shall be no greater than 30% of the solvent's boiling 

point,_ measured in °F, and shall be monitored weekly according to the following 

specifications : 

(a) The temperature shall be monitored while the batch vapor or in-line cleaning 

machine is operating in the idling fnode; and 

(b) A thermometer or thermocouple shall be used to measure the temperature at the 

centroid of the air blanket; and 

(c) If the temperature at the coldest point of the centroid of the air blanket exceeds 

30% of the solvent's boiling point, measured in.°F, the chiller shall be adjusted so 

that this specification is met. 

36.9 .4 If a superheated vapor system is used, the temperature of the solvent vapor at the 

centroid of the superheated vapor zone shall be maintained at least 10°F above the 

solvent's boiling point and shall be monitored weekly according to the following 

specifications: 

(a) The temperature shall be monitored while the batch vapor or in-line cleaning 

machine is operating in the idling mode; and 

36-15 
(b) A thermometer or thermocouple shall be used to measure the temperature at the 

centroid of the superheated solvent vapor zone; and 

(c) If the temperature at the centroid of the air blanket is less than 10°F above the 

solvent's boiling point, the system shall be adjusted so that this specification is 

met. 

36.9 .5 If a carbon adsorber is used, the concentration of solvent in the exhaust shall not 

exceed 25 ppm. Compliance with this requirement shall be determined using the 

following methods: 

(a) , Within 60 days of initial startup of the carbon adsorber, the solvent concentration 

in the carbon adsorber exhaust shall be tested using EPA Test Method 25. Each 

test shall consist of 3 separate one-hour samples, and the arithmetic mean shall be 

used to determine initial compliance . The results shall be reported to the Division 

within 60 days of the test . 

(b) Continuing compliance shall be determined weekly using the following procedure : 

(1) The concentration of solvent in the exhaust shall be measured while the 

cleaning machine is in the working mode and is exhausting to the carbon 

adsorber; and 

(2) An easily accessible sampling port shall be provided that is located on the 

exhaust outlet at least 8 stack or duct diameters downstream and 2 stack 

or duct diameters upstream of any flow disturbance such as a bend, 

_ expansion, contraction, or outlet. The sampling port must not be 

downstream of any other inlet; and 

(3) Solvent concentration shall be measured at the sampling port using a 

colorimetric detector tube capable of detecting 25 ppm with an accuracy 

of + 25% or better; and 

(4) Colorimetric detector tubes must be used according to the manufacturer's 

instructions ; an& - 

(5) If the carbon adsorber's exhaust exceeds 25 ppm then the desorption cycle 

shall be adjusted or the carbon canister replaced in order to bring the 

exhaust concentration below 25 ppm; and 

(6) If desorption of the carbon adsorber is required, the *carbon adsorber shall 

not be bypassed during the desorption cycle. 

36 .9 .6 If dwell or a superheated vapor system is used, the actual dwell time shall not 

36-16 
exceed the minimum dwell time. Minimum and actual dwell time shall be determined 

using the following procedures: 

(a) For units without a superheated vapor system, the minimum dwell time shall be 

determined for each part type or parts basket or for the most complex part type 

or parts basket using the following procedure : 

(1) 

(b) 

Determine the amount of time necessary for the part or parts basket to 

cease dripping once placed in the vapor zone. The part or parts basket 

used for this determination must be at room temperature when placed in 

the vapor zone; and , 

(2) The minimum dwell time required for parts to remain in the freeboard 

zone above the vapor zone is calculated as 35 percent of the time 

determined in Paragraph (a)(1) of this subsection. 

The minimum dwell time for a cleaning machine equipped with a superheated 

vapor system shall be determined according to the specifications of the 

manufacturer of the control equipment; and 

(c) On a monthly basis, the actual dwell time that parts are held in the freeboard zone 

above the vapor zone shall be measured; and 

(d) . If the actual dwell time is less than the minimum dwell time determined using the 

applicable procedure in Paragraph (a) or (b) of this subsection for a particular part 

or puts basket, the automatic parts handling system must be adjusted so that this 

specification is met. 

36.9 .7 Safety switches must be tested semiannually. 

36.9 .8 Alternative monitoring procedures may be used if approved by the Director and 

the EPA. 

36.10 Recordkeeping 

36.10.1 The owner or operator of a batch vapor or in-line organic cleaning machine shall 

maintain the following records for the lifetime of the cleaning unit: 

(a) Owner's manuals or written maintenance and operating procedures for the cleaning 

machine and air pollution control equipment; and 

(b) Date of installation of the cleaning machine and its control devices ; and 

(c) Records of the content of each solvent used in the cleaning machine; and 

36-17 
(d) If dwell or superheated vapor is used, the minimum dwell times determined using 

the procedures specified in Paragraph (a) or (b) of Sutisection 36.9 .6 ; and 

(e) ~ Records of training provided to solvent cleaning machine operators. 

36 .10.2 The owner or operator of a batch vapor or in-line organic cleaning machine shall 

maintain the following records for a period of five years: 

(a) Amount and type of solvent used in each cleaning machine each year; and 

(b) Results of monitoring required under Section 36.9 ; and 

(c) Information on the actions taken to comply with Subsections 36.9 .2(c), 36.9 .3(c), 

36.9.4(c), 36.9.5(b)(5), and 36.9 .6(d) . This includes records of written or verbal 

orders for replacement parts, a description of the repairs made, and the additional 

monitoring conducted to .demonstrate that monitored parameters have returned to 

acceptable levels; and 

(d) The dates that carbon adsorber beds are desorbed; and 

(e) The dates that the carbon adsorber bed is changed; and 

(f) The date and type of each equipment malfunction (or leak) and the date it is 

repaired; and 

(g) If any safety switches are activated, the date and the reason why the switch was 

triggered ; . 

) 

(i) 

The results of semiannual safety switch tests; and 

For batch vapor machines which have been exempted from the ,automated parts 

handling system requirements of Subsection 36.6.3, a log of additions and 

deletions of solvent from the exempted vapor cleaning machine, as required in 

Subsection 36.12.4 . . 

36.10.3 The owner or operator of a batch vapor cleaning machine without a solvent/air 

interface complying with the emission limits in Section 36.8 must maintain the following 

records for five years: 

(a) A log of solvent additions and deletions, as required in Subsection 36.8 .1 ; and 

(b) Monthly emissions, average monthly emissions for each 3 month period, and the 

calculations of those values according to the procedure specified in Subsection 

36.8 .3 ; and 

36-18 
(c) The amount of solvent in the solid waste removed from the cleaning machine, 

calculated using the procedure specified in Subsection 36.8 .3(d) ; and 

(d) The method used to determine the cleaning capacity of the cleaning machine. 

36.10.4 The owner or operator of a batch cold cleaning machine shall maintain records 

of training provided to cleaning machine operators for the lifetime of the unit and shall 

maintain the following records for a period of five years: 

(a) Amount and type of solvent used in each cleaning machine each year and 

(b) The date and type of each equipment malfunction (or leak) and the date it is 

repaired. 

36.10.5 All records specified in Subsections 36.10.1 through 36.10.4 shall be made 

available to the Division or the EPA for inspection upon request. 

36.11 Reporting Requirements 

36.11 .1 Initial Notification Report 

(a) The owner or operator of an organic solvent cleaning machine installed before 

November 29, 1993 that uses a solvent containing trichloroethylene, 

perchloroethylene,1,1,1-trichloroethane, methylene chloride, chloroform, or carbon 

tetrachloride must submit an Initial Notification Report to the Division no later 

than August 29, 1995 . This report must include the following information: 

(1) . The name and address of owner or operator; and 

(2) The address of the solvent cleaning machine(s); and 

(3) The type of the solvent cleaning machine (cold, batch vapor, or in-line), 

the area of the solvent/air interface, and the type of existing controls; and 

(4) The date of installation of the solvent cleaning machine(s) and related 

control devices. If the dates of installation are not known a letter 

certifying that installation was prior to, or after, November 29, 1993 is 

acceptable ; and 

(5) 

(6) 

The anticipated compliance approach for each solvent degreaser; and 

An estimate of the amount of solvent used annually in each solvent 

cleaning machine. 

36-19 
(b) The owner or operator of an organic solvent cleaning machine installed on or after 

November 29, 1993 that uses a solvent containing trichloroethylene, 

perchloroethylene, l , l , l -trichloroethane, methylene chloride, chloroform, or carbon 

tetrachloride must submit an Initial Notification Report to the Division 120 days 

before startup of the cleaning machine or by January 31, 1995, whichever is later. 

This report must include the following information: 

(1) The name and address of owner or operator; and 

(2) The address of the solvent cleaning machine(s); and 

(3) The type of solvent cleaning machine (cold, batch vapor, or in-line), the 

solvent/air interface area, and the type of existing controls; and 

(4) The facility's anticipated compliance approach for each solvent cleaning 

machine; and 

(5) 

(6) 

(7) 

The expected commencement date of the construction or reconstruction; 

and 

The expected completion date of the construction or reconstruction; and 

The anticipated date of startup of the solvent cleaning machine; and 

(8) An estimate of the amount of solvent which will be used annually in each 

solvent cleaning machine. 

36.11 .2 Compliance Notification Report 

(a) The owner or operator of an organic -solvent cleaning machine installed before 

November 29, 1993 must submit a Compliance Notification Report to the Division 

no later than March l, 1997. Compliance Notification Reports for organic solvent 

. cleaning machines installed on or after November 29, 1993 must be submitted no 

more than 60 days after startup of the cleaning machine or by June 7, 1996, 

whichever is later. 

(b) Compliance Notification Reports shall contain the following information: 

(1) The name and address of the owner or operator; and 

(2) The address of the solvent cleaning machine; and 

(3) A statement, signed by the owner or operator, stating that each cleaning 

machine is in compliance with this regulation; and 

36-20 
(4). The control equipment used to achieve compliance for each cleaning 

machine; and 

(5) If a refrigerated freeboard chiller or superheated vapor is used, the dates 

and results of weekly temperature monitoring for the first month after the 

compliance date; and 

(6) If a carbon adsorber is used, the date and results of weekly measurements 

of the solvent concentration in the exhaust for the first month after the 

compliance date; and 

(7) If dwell is used, the minimum dwell tunes and the actual dwell times 

measured for the first month; and 

(8) For vapor cleaning machines without solvent/air interfaces, a description 

of the method used to determine the cleaning capacity of the machine and 

the results of the monthly solvent emissions calculation for the month 

beginning with the compliance date. . 

36.11.3 Exceedances and Exceedance Reports 

(a) The following occurrences are considered exceedances and must be reported on 

the facility's Exceedance Report: 

(1) An exceedance has occurred if the requirement in Subsection 36.9 .5(b)(6) 

has not been met; or 

(2) An exceedance has occurred if the requirements in Subsections 36.9 .1, 

36.9.2, 36.9 .3, 36.9 .4, 36.9.5 or 36.9 .6 are not met and are not corrected 

within 10 working days of detection. Once adjustments or repairs have 

been made, parameters must be remeasured to demonstrate that the 

parameter is within the acceptable limits ; or 

(3) If a vapor cleaning machine does not have a solvent/air interface, an 

exceedance has occurred if the three month average monthly emission limit 

is not met in any month; 

(4) If a vapor cleaning machine has been exempted from the automated parts 

handling system requirements, an exceedance has occurred if the three 

month emission limit, S, as calculated using Equation 4, is not met in any 

month. 

(b) The owner or operator of a batch vapor or in-line cleaning machine shall initially 

submit Exceedance Reports semiannually, except when the Division determines on 

36-21 
a case-by-case basis that more or less frequent reporting is necessary. 

(c) If an exceedance occurs, Exceedance Reports must be submitted quarterly until a 

request to reduse the reporting frequency as specified in Subsection 36.11 .3 (f) has 

been approved. 

(d) The Exceedance Report shall be received by the thirtieth day following the end of 

each exceedance reporting period. Initial reporting periods are January 1 - June 

30 and July 1 - December 31 . 

(e) Exceedance Reports shall include the following information for actions taken to 

comply with Subsections 36.9.1, 36.9.2, 36.9 .3, 36.9.4, 36.9 .5, or 36.9 .6 : 

(1) 

(fl 

Records of written or verbal orders for replacement parts, a description of 

the repairs made, additional monitoring to demonstrate that monitored 

parameters have returned to acceptable levels ; and 

(2) If an exceedance has occurred, the reason for the exceedance and a 

description of the actions taken to correct the exceedance; and 

(3) If an exceedance has occurred, the dates the cleaning machine or control 

equipment was repaired, retested, and returned to service ; and 

(4) If an exceedance has not occurred or the cleaning and control equipment 

has not been inoperative, repaired, or adjusted, this information must be 

stated in the report. 

If a facility is required to submit Exceedance Reports on a quarterly (or more 

frequent) basis, the submittal frequency may be reduced to semiannual with the 

Director's approval, if the following requirements are achieved: 

(1) The facility has demonstrated a full year of compliance without an 

exceedance ; and 

(2) The owner or operator continues to comply with the recordkeeping and 

monitoring requirements specified in this regulation . 

36.11 .4 Annual Compliance Reports . 

The owner or operator of a batch vapor or in-line solvent cleaning machine shall submit 

an annual report to the Division by February 1 of each year for the previous calendar 

year. This report shall include the following : 

(a) A signed statement from the facility owner or his designee stating that, "All operators 

36-22 
of solvent cleaning machines have received training on the proper operation of solvent 

cleaning machines and their control devices sufficient to pass the test required in 

Appendix A." 

(b) An estimate of solvent consumption for each solvent cleaning machine during the 

reporting period. 

(c) For each machine complying with Section 36.8, the average monthly solvent 

consumption and the average monthly emissions for each consecutive three month period, 

calculated using Equation 3. 

(d) For each batch vapor cleaning machine that has received an exemption from the 

automated parts handling system requirements, as specified in Section 36.12, the solvent 

emissions during each three month period, calculated using Equation 5. 

36.12 Exemption from Automated Parts Handling System Requirement 

36.12.1 The owner or operator of a batch vapor cleaning machine may apply for an 

exemption from the automated parts handling system requirement in Subsection 36.6.3 . 

Exemptions shall limit solvent emissions from the cleaning machine during any three 

month period after the compliance date to the amount calculated using Equation 4: 

S = 92 * A Equation 4 

Where: 

S = The amount of solvent, in pounds, that can be emitted from that cleaning 

machine during any three month period after the compliance date specified in 

Section 36.3 ` 

A = The area of the solvent/air interface for that machine, in square feet. 

36 .12.2 Exemption requests shall be submitted to the Division by the following dates: 

(a) December 1, 1996 for vapor cleaning machines that commenced construction or 

reconstruction before November 29, 1993, and 

30 days prior to startup or May 8, 1996, whichever is later, for vapor cleaning 

machines that commenced construction or reconstruction on or after November 29, 

1993. 

36.12.3 Exemption requests shall `include the following information : 

36-23 
(a) The name and address of the facility ; and 

(b) An identification of the vapor cleaning machine for which the exemption is being 

requested; and 

(c) The area of the solvent/vapor interface, in square feet, of the vapor cleaning 

machine; and ° 

(d) The three month emission limit, S, calculated using Equation 4; and 

(e) A statement, signed by the owner or operator of the facility, that emissions of 

solvent. from the vapor cleaning machine will not exceed the three month emission 

limit, S, during any three month period after the compliance date in Section 36.3 . 

36.12.4 The owner or operator of a facility which is granted an exemption to the 

requirements of Subsection 36.6.3 shall maintain a log of additions and deletions of 

solvent from the exempted vapor cleaning machine. . 

36.12.5 The owner or operator of a facility which is granted an exemption to the 

requirements of Subsection 36.6 .3 shall demonstrate compliance with the three month 

emission limit, S, calculated using Equation 4 on the first operating day of every month 

using the following procedure : 

(a) A fill-line must be marked on the machine on the first month the measurements 

are taken; and 

(b) On the first day of each month thereafter, the machine shall be filled to the fillline with clean liquid solvent; and 

(c) On the first day of each month, using the log of solvent additions and deletions 

required in Subsection 36.12.4, calculate solvent emissions for the most recent 

three month period with Equation 5: 

EA = SA - SR Equation 5 

Where: 

EA = solvent emissions during the three month period (pounds) 

SA = the total amount of solvent added to the cleaning machine during the 

three month period (pounds) 

SR = the total amount of solvent removed from the cleaning 

machine during the three month period (pounds) 

36-24 
(d) The cleaning machine is in compliance with the three month emission limit if 

solvent emissions in the three month period, EA, calculated using Equation S, are 

less than or-equal to S, calculated according to Equation 4. 

36.12.6 If the three month emission limit, S, is exceeded two times, an automated parts 

handling system must be installed within 60 days of the end of the three month period in 

which the second exceedance occurred. 
Appendix A 

Test of Operator Knowledge of Solvent Cleaning Procedures 

General Ouestions 

1 . What is the maximum allowable speed for parts entry and removal? 

A. 28 feet per minute 

B . 10 feet per minute 

C. 36 feet per minute 

D. No limit 

2. How do you ensure that parts enter and exit the solvent cleaning machine at the speed 

required in the regulation? 

A. Program on computerized hoist monitors speed. 

B. Can judge the speed by looking at it. 

C. Measure the time it takes the parts to travel a measured distance. 

3 . Identify the sources of air .disturbances? 

A. Fans 

B. Open doors 

C. Open windows 

D. Ventilation vents 

E. All of the above 

4. What are the three operating modes? 

A. Idling, working, and downtime 

B. Precleaning, cleaning, and drying 

C. Startup, shutdown, off ~ 

D. None of the above 

5. When can parts or parts baskets be removed from the solvent cleaning machine? 

A. When they are clean - 

B. At any time 

C. When dripping stops 

D. Either A or C is correct 

6. How must parts be oriented during cleaning? 

A. It does not matter as long as they fit in the parts basket. 

B. So that the solvent pools in the cavities where the dirt is concentrated. 

C. So that solvent drains from them freely . 
7. During startup, what must be turned on first, the primary condenser or the sump heater? 

A. Primary condenser 

B. Sump heater 

C. Turn both on at same time 

D. Either A or B is correct 

8. During shutdown, what must be turned off first, the primary condenser or the sump 

heater? 

A. Primary condenser 

B . Sump heater 

C. Turn both on at same time 

D. Either A or B is correct 

9. In what manner must solvent be added to and removed from the solvent cleaning 

machine? ' 

A. With leak proof couplings 

B. With the end of the pipe in the solvent sump below the liquid solvent surface . 

C. So long as the solvent does not spill, the method does not matter. 

D. A and B 

10. What must be done with waste solvent, still bottoms, and sump bottoms? 

A. Pour- down the drain 

B. Store in closed container 

C. Store in a bucket 

D. A or B 

11 . What types of materials are prohibited from being cleaned in solvent cleaning machines 

using halogenated HAP solvents? 

A. Sponges 

B. Fabrics 

C: Paper 

D. All of the above 

12. When can a cover be open? 

A. While parts are in the cleaning machine 

B. During parts entry and removal or when an in-line conveyor is operating 

C. At all times 

D. Never 

13. Covers must be maintained in what condition? 

A. Free of holes 

B. Free of cracks 

C. So that they completely seal cleaning opening 

D. All of the above 

36-27 
Control Device Soecific Ouestions 

Freeboard Refrigerated Chiller 

1 . What temperature must the freeboard refrigerated chiller achieve? 

A. Below room temperature 

B . 50°F 

C. Below the solvent boiling point 

D. 30 percent of the solvent's boiling point 

Dwell 

2. Where must the parts be held for the appropriate dwell time? 

A. In the vapor zone 

B. In the freeboard zone above the vapor zone 

C. Above the cleaning machine 

D. In the immersion sump 
Answers 

General Questions 

1 . B 

2. AorC 

3. E 

4. A 

5 . C 

6. C 

A ~ RECEIVED. 

B MAR 1 9 .1996 

9. D SECRETARY OF STATE 

ADMINISTRATI VE RECORDS DIV. 

10. B 

11 . D 

12. B 

13. D 

Control Device Specific Questions 

1 . D 

2. B