United States

Environmental Protection

Agency

Air and Radiation EPA420-B-00-001

February 2000

Federal and California

Exhaust and Evaporative

Emission Standards for

Light-Duty Vehicles and

Light-Duty Trucks

 Printed on Recycled Paper
EPA420-B-00-001

February 2000

Federal and California Exhaust and Evaporative

 Emission Standards for Light-Duty Vehicles and

Light-Duty Trucks

Certification and Compliance Division

Office of Air Transportation and Air Quality

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

NOTICE

This technical report does not necessarily represent final EPA decisions or positions.

It is intended to present technical analysis of issues using data which are currently available.

The purpose in the release of such reports is to facilitate the exchange of

technical information and to inform the public of technical developments which

may form the basis for a final EPA decision, position, or regulatory action.
Vehicle Emission Vehicle Useful Life

Type Category 5 Years / 50,000 Miles 10 Years / 10

THC[2,5,39] NMHC[3] NMOG CO[35,39] NOx PM[29] HCHO THC[2,5] NMHC[3] NMOG CO

Federal LDV Tier 0 0.41 [6] 0.34 - 3.4 1.0 [4] 0.20 -

 [37,40,43] Tier 1 [28] 0.41 0.25 - 3.4 [7] 0.4 0.08 - - 0.31 - 

LDT1 Tier 0[26] 0.80 [6] 0.67 - 

 [37,40,43] Tier 1 - 0.25 - 3.4 [7] 0.4 0.08 - [26,28] 0.80 0.31 - 

LDT2 Tier 0[26] 0.80 [6] 0.67 - 

 [37,40,43] Tier 1 - 0.32 - 4.4 [8] 0.7 0.08 - [26,28] 0.80 0.40 - 

Federal LDV TLEV [28] 0.41 - [1,31] 0.125 3.4 [34] 0.4 0.08 0.015 - - [1,31] 0.156 

National [36,40,41] LEV[42] [28] 0.41 - [1,31] 0.075 3.4 [34] 0.2 0.08 0.015 - - [1,31] 0.090 Low ULEV[42] [28] 0.41 - [1,31] 0.040 1.7 [34] 0.2 0.08 0.008 - - [1,31] 0.055 Emission ZEV 0.00 0.00 0.000 0.0 [34] 0.0 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.000 

Vehicle LDT1 TLEV - - [1,31] 0.125 3.4 [34] 0.4 0.08 0.015 [26,28] 0.80 - [1,31] 0.156 

(NLEV) [36,40,41] LEV[42] - - [1,31] 0.075 3.4 [34] 0.2 0.08 0.015 [26,28] 0.80 - [1,31] 0.090 

Program ULEV[42] - - [1,31] 0.040 1.7 [34] 0.2 0.08 0.008 [26,28] 0.80 - [1,31] 0.055 

ZEV 0.00 0.00 0.000 0.0 [34] 0.0 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.000 

LDT2 TLEV - - [1,31] 0.160 4.4 [34] 0.7 0.08 0.018 [26,28] 0.80 - [1,31] 0.200 

 [36,40,41] LEV[42] - - [1,31] 0.100 4.4 [34] 0.4 0.08 0.018 [26,28] 0.80 - [1,31] 0.130 

ULEV[42] - - [1,31] 0.050 2.2 [34] 0.4 0.08 0.009 [26,28] 0.80 - [1,31] 0.070 ZEV 0.00 0.00 0.000 0.0 [34] 0.0 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.000 

Federal LDV LEV [28] 0.41 - [30] 0.075 3.4 [34] 0.2 - 0.015 - - [30] 0.090 

Clean [37,40,41] ILEV [33] [28] 0.41 - 0.075 3.4 [34] 0.2 - 0.015 - - 0.090 Fueled ULEV [28] 0.41 - [30] 0.040 1.7 [34] 0.2 - 0.008 - - [30] 0.055 Vehicle ZEV 0.00 0.00 0.000 0.0 [34] 0.0 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.000 

(CFV) LDT1 LEV - - [30] 0.075 3.4 [34] 0.2 - 0.015 [26,28] 0.80 - [30] 0.090 

Program [37,40,41] ILEV [33] - - 0.075 3.4 [34] 0.2 - 0.015 [26,28] 0.80 - 0.090 

ULEV - - [30] 0.040 1.7 [34] 0.2 - 0.008 [26,28] 0.80 - [30] 0.055 ZEV 0.00 0.00 0.000 0.0 [34] 0.0 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.000 

LDT2 LEV - - [30] 0.100 4.4 [34] 0.4 - 0.018 [26,28] 0.80 - [30] 0.130 

 [37,40,41] ILEV [33] - - 0.100 4.4 [34] 0.4 - 0.018 [26,28] 0.80 - 0.130 

ULEV - - [30] 0.050 2.2 [34] 0.4 - 0.009 [26,28] 0.80 - [30] 0.070 ZEV 0.00 0.00 0.000 0.0 [34] 0.0 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.000 

Federal Certification Exhaust Emission Standards

for Light-Duty Vehicles (Passenger Cars) and Light Light-Duty Trucks:

Federal Test Procedure (FTP), Cold CO, and Highway & Idle Tests

(grams/mile)
Vehicle Emission Vehicle Useful Life

Type Category 5 Years / 50,000 Miles 11 Years / 120

NMHC [3] NMOG CO[35,39] NOx [8] PM HCHO THC[2,5,39] NMHC [3] NMOG CO[

Federal LDT3 Tier 0 0.80 [6] 0.67 - 

[37,40,43] Tier 1 0.32 - 4.4 0.7 - - 0.80 0.46 - 

LDT4 Tier 0 0.80 [6] 0.67 - 

Tier 1 0.39 - 5.0 1.1 - - 0.80 0.56 - 

Federal LDT3 LEV - [30] 0.125 3.4 0.4 - 0.015 - - [30] 0.180 Clean 0-3750 ILEV [33] - 0.125 3.4 0.2 - 0.015 - - 0.180 Fueled ALVW ULEV - [30] 0.075 1.7 0.2 - 0.008 - - [30] 0.107 Vehicle LDT3 LEV [30] 0.160 4.4 0.7 - 0.018 - - [30] 0.230 (CFV) 3751-5750 ILEV [33] - 0.160 4.4 0.4 - 0.018 - - 0.230 Program ALVW ULEV - [30] 0.100 2.2 0.4 - 0.009 - - [30] 0.143 

[37,40] LDT4 LEV - [30] 0.195 5.0 1.1 - 0.022 - - [30] 0.280 

5751-8500 ILEV [33] - 0.195 5.0 0.6 - 0.022 - - 0.280 

ALVW ULEV - [30] 0.117 2.5 0.6 - 0.011 - - [30] 0.167 

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Federal Certification Exhaust Emission Standards

for Heavy Light-Duty Trucks:

Federal Test Procedure (FTP), Cold CO, and Highway & Idle Tests

(grams/mile)
Vehicle Emission 4,000 Miles 5 Years / 50,000 Miles 

Type Category US06 TEST A/C TEST COMPOSITE A/C TEST US06 COMPOSITE COMPOSI

NMHC+NOx CO NMHC+NOx CO NMHC+NOx CO CO CO NMHC+N

Federal LDV Tier 1 [27] [21] 0.65 3.0 9.0 3.4 [22] 0

LDT1 Tier 1 [27] [21] 0.65 3.0 9.0 3.4 [22] 0LDT2 Tier 1 [12] 1.02 3.9 11.6 4.4 1

LDT3 Tier 1 [12] 1.02 3.9 11.6 4.4 [26] 1

LDT4 Tier 1 [12] 1.49 4.4 13.2 5.0 [26] 2

Federal LDV/PC Tier 1/TLEV [27] [21] 0.65 [8] 3.0 9.0 3.4 [22] 0

NLEV & LEV/ULEV [27] 0.14 8.0 0.20 2.7

California LDT1 Tier 1/TLEV [27] [21] 0.65 [8] 3.0 9.0 3.4 [22] 0

Programs LEV/ULEV [27] 0.14 8.0 0.20 2.7

LDT2 Tier 1/TLEV [12] 1.02 3.9 11.6 4.4 1

LEV/ULEV [27] 0.25 10.5 0.27 3.5

California MDV1 N/A

MDV2 LEV/ULEV/SULEV 0.40 10.5 0.31 3.5MDV3 LEV/ULEV/SULEV 0.60 11.8 0.44 4.0MDV4 N/AMDV5 N/A

Federal and California Certification Exhaust Emission Standards

for Light-Duty Vehicles (Passenger Cars), Light-Duty Trucks, and Medium-Duty Vehicles

Supplemental Federal Test Procedure (SFTP)

(grams/mile)
Emission Vehicle Useful Evaporative Test Procedure

Standards Class Life Test Fuel (2) 1-hour 3-Day Diurnal 2-Day Diurnal 

(years/miles) Hot Soaks plus Hot Soak plus Hot Soak Running Losses 

(grams/test) (grams/test) (grams/test) (grams/mile) 

Federal Standard LDV 5/50,000 EPA Gasoline 2.0 (THC)

(Pre-Enhanced) Methanol (M10) 2.0 (THCE)

LDT 11/120,000 EPA Gasoline [51] 2.0 (THC)

Methanol (M10) [51] 2.0 (THCE)

Enhanced LDV, 10/100,000 EPA Gasoline 2.0 (THC) 2.5 (THC) 0.05 (THC) Evaporative LDT 1 & 2, 10/100,000 Methanol (M10) 2.0 (THCE) 2.5 (THCE) 0.05 (THCE) and ORVR LDT 3 & 4 11/120,000 Ethanol (E10)[47] 2.0 (THCE) 2.5 (THCE) 0.05 (THCE) 

(<30 gal CNG 2.0 (THC) fuel tank) LPG 2.0 (THC) 

Diesel Fuel 

LDT 3 & 4 11/120,000 EPA Gasoline 2.5 (THC) 3.0 (THC) 0.05 (THC) 

(>30 gal Methanol (M10) 2.5 (THCE) 3.0 (THCE) 0.05 (THCE) fuel tank) Ethanol (E10)[47] 2.5 (THCE) 3.0 (THCE) 0.05 (THCE) 

CNG 2.0 (THC) LPG 2.0 (THC) Diesel Fuel 

Federal Certification Evaporative Emission Standards

for Light-Duty Vehicles (Passenger Cars) and Light-Duty Trucks:

Evaporative and Onboard Refueling (ORVR) Test Procedures

(includin

g NLEV and CVF pro

grams)
Emission Vehicle Emission

Standards Class Standards 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 

Federal Pre-Enhanced LDV, LDT Cert & In-use 100% 80% Max 60% Max 10% Max 

Enhanced LDV, LDT Cert & In-use[44] 20% Min 40% Min 90% Min 100% 100% 100% 100% ORVR LDV Cert & In-use[44] 40% Min 80% Min 100% 100% 100% 

LDT 1 & 2 Cert & In-use 40% Min 80% Min LDT 3 &4 Cert & In-use 

Federal Evaporative & Onboard Refueling (ORVR) Implementation Schedule

for Light-Duty Vehicles (Passenger Cars) and Light-Duty Trucks
Vehicle Test Emission Emission Model Year

Type Procedure Category Standards 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2

Federal LDV, FTP Tier 0 Cert & In-use 100% 100% 60% Max 20% Max 0%

(Non- LDT1 Tier 1[24] Certification[44] 40% Min 80% Min 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 1

NLEV)

& Interim In-Use 40% Min 80% Min 60% Max 20% Max 0%

LDT2 Final In-use[44] 40% Min 80% Min 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 1

SFTP [44] Tier 1 Cert & In-use 40% Min 80% Min 100% 1

LDT3 FTP Tier 0 Cert & In-use 100% 100% 100% 100% 50% Max 0% 

& Tier 1 Certification[44] 50% Min 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 1

LDT4 Interim In-Use 50% Min 100% 50% Max

Final In-use[44] 50% Min 100% 100% 100% 100% 1

SFTP [44] Tier 1 Cert & In-use 40% Min 80% 

Federal LDV FTP Tier 1 Certification NE Trading Region All States Trading Regi(NLEV) & TLEV (Fleet Average 0.148 0.095 0.075 0.075 0

LDT1 LEV Derived from NMOG NMOG NMOG NMOG NM

ULEV 50K Standards) Fleet Avg. Fleet Avg. Fleet Avg. Fleet Avg. FleeZEV [45,46] [45] [46]

SFTP [25,44] Tier 1 Cert & In-use 25% Min 50% Min 85% 

TLEVLEV [23] Certification 25% Min 50% Min 85% ULEV [23]

LDT2 FTP Tier 1 Certification NE Trading Region All States Trading Regi

TLEV (Fleet Average 0.190 0.124 0.100 0.100 0LEV Derived from NMOG NMOG NMOG NMOG NMULEV 50K Standards) Fleet Avg. Fleet Avg. Fleet Avg. Fleet Avg. FleeZEV [45,46] [45] [46]

SFTP [25,44] Tier 1 Cert & In-use 25% Min 50% Min 85% 

TLEVLEV [23] Certification 25% Min 50% Min 85% ULEV [23]

US 

Offic

Federal Exhaust Emission Standards Implementation Schedule

for Light-Duty Vehicles (Passenger Cars) and Light-Duty Trucks
Vehicle Emission Vehicle Useful Life

Type Category 5 Years / 50,000 Miles 10 Years / 100,0

THC [2,5] NMHC [3] NMOG [1] CO NOx PM HCHO THC [2,5] NMHC [3] NMOG [1] CO 

California PC Tier 0 - 0.39 - 7.0 0.4 [10] 0.08 [11] 0.015

Tier 1 - 0.25 - 3.4 0.4 [10] 0.08 [11] 0.015 - 0.31 - 4

TLEV - - 0.125 3.4 0.4 - 0.015 - - 0.156 4

LEV - - 0.075 3.4 0.2 - 0.015 - - 0.090 4ULEV - - 0.040 1.7 0.2 - 0.008 - - 0.055 2ZEV 0.00 0.00 0.000 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.000 0

LDT1 Tier 0 - 0.39 - 9.0 0.4 [10] 0.08 [11] 0.015

Tier 1 - 0.25 - 3.4 0.4 [10] 0.08 [11] 0.015 - 0.31 - 4TLEV - - 0.125 3.4 0.4 - 0.015 - - 0.156 4LEV - - 0.075 3.4 0.2 - 0.015 - - 0.090 4ULEV - - 0.040 1.7 0.2 - 0.008 - - 0.055 2ZEV 0.00 0.00 0.000 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.000 0

LDT2 Tier 0 - 0.50 - 9.0 1.0 [10] 0.08 [11] 0.018

Tier 1 - 0.32 - 4.4 0.7 [10] 0.08 [11] 0.018 - 0.40 - 5TLEV - - 0.160 4.4 0.7 - 0.018 - - 0.200 5LEV - - 0.100 4.4 0.4 - 0.018 - - 0.130 5ULEV - - 0.050 2.2 0.4 - 0.009 - - 0.070 2ZEV 0.00 0.00 0.000 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.000 0

California Certification Exhaust Emission Standards

for Light-Duty Vehicles (Passenger Cars) and Light Light-Duty Trucks:

Federal Test Procedure (FTP)

(grams/mile)
Vehicle Emission Vehicle Useful Life

Type Category 5 Years / 50,000 Miles

NMHC[3] NMOG[1] CO NOx PM HCHO NMHC[3] NMOG[1] CO NO

California MDV1 Tier 0 0.39 - 9.0 0.4 [10] 0.08 [11] 0.015

Tier 1 0.25 - 3.4 0.4 - [11] 0.015 0.36 - 5.0 LEV - 0.125 3.4 0.4 - 0.015 - 0.180 5.0 ULEV - 0.075 1.7 0.2 - 0.008 - 0.107 2.5 

MDV2 Tier 0 0.50 - 9.0 1.0 [10] 0.08 [11] 0.018

Tier 1 0.32 - 4.4 0.7 - [11] 0.018 0.46 - 6.4 LEV 0.160 4.4 [13] 0.4 - 0.018 - 0.230 6.4 [14] ULEV - 0.100 4.4 0.4 - 0.009 - 0.143 6.4 SULEV - 0.050 2.2 0.2 - 0.004 - 0.072 3.2 

MDV3 Tier 0 0.60 - 9.0 1.5 [10] 0.08 [11] 0.022

Tier 1 0.39 - 5.0 1.1 - [11] 0.022 0.56 - 7.3 LEV - 0.195 5.0 [15] 0.6 - 0.022 - 0.280 7.3 [16] ULEV - 0.117 5.0 0.6 - 0.011 - 0.167 7.3 SULEV - 0.059 2.5 0.3 - 0.006 - 0.084 3.7 

MDV4 Tier 1 0.46 - 5.5 1.3 - [11] 0.028 0.66 - 8.1 

LEV - 0.230 5.5 [17] 0.7 - 0.028 - 0.330 8.1 [18] ULEV - 0.138 5.5 0.7 - 0.014 - 0.197 8.1 SULEV - 0.069 2.8 0.35 - 0.007 - 0.100 4.1 

MDV5 Tier 1 0.60 - 7.0 2.0 - [11] 0.036 0.86 - 10.3 

LEV - 0.300 7.0 [19] 1.0 - 0.036 - 0.430 10.3 [20] ULEV - 0.180 7.0 1.0 - 0.018 - 0.257 10.3 SULEV - 0.090 3.5 0.5 - 0.009 - 0.130 5.2 

US Environ

Office of Tran

California Certification Exhaust Emission Standards

for Medium-Duty Vehicles:

Federal Test Procedure (FTP)

(grams/mile)
Vehicle Test Emission Model Year

Type Procedure Category 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 200

California PC FTP Tier 0 100% 60% Max 20% Max 0%

& Tier 1 40% Min 80% Min

LDT1 TLEV 0.250 0.231 0.225 0.202 0.157 0.113 0.073 0.070 0.068 0.06

LEV NMOG NMOG NMOG NMOG NMOG NMOG NMOG NMOG NMOG NMOULEV Fleet Avg. Fleet Avg. Fleet Avg. Fleet Avg. Fleet Avg. Fleet Avg. Fleet Avg. Fleet Avg. Fleet Avg. Fleet AZEV 10% M

SFTP Tier 1 25% Min 50% Min 85% M

TLEVLEV [23] 25% Min 50% Min 85% MULEV [23]

LDT2 FTP Tier 0 100% 60% Max 20% Max 0%

Tier 1 40% Min 80% MinTLEV 0.320 0.295 0.287 0.260 0.205 0.150 0.099 0.098 0.095 0.09LEV NMOG NMOG NMOG NMOG NMOG NMOG NMOG NMOG NMOG NMOULEV Fleet Avg. Fleet Avg. Fleet Avg. Fleet Avg. Fleet Avg. Fleet Avg. Fleet Avg. Fleet Avg. Fleet Avg. Fleet A

SFTP [25] Tier 1 25% Min 50% Min 85% M

TLEVLEV [23] 25% Min 50% Min 85% MULEV [23]

MDV1 FTP Tier 0 100% 100% 100% 50% Max 0%

- Tier 1 50% Min 100% 100% 73% Max 48% Max 23% Max 0%

MDV5 LEV [23] 25% Min 50% Min 75% Min 80% Max 70% Max 60% M

C ULEV [23] 2% Min 2% Min 2% Min 20% Min 30% Min 40% MC SULEV [23]

MDV2 SFTP C LEV [23]

& C ULEV [23] 25% M

MDV3 SULEV [23]

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California Exhaust Emission Standards Implementation Schedule for

Light-Duty Vehicles (Passenger Cars), Light-Duty Trucks, and Medium-Duty Vehicles
Exhaust and Evaporative Emission Standards

Footnotes to the tables of emission standards

Page 1 of 8

1. NMHC FOR DIESEL CYCLE VEHICLES

2. THCE FOR METHANOL VEHICLES

3. THCE FOR TIER 0 METHANOL VEHICLES, NMHCE FOR OTHER ALCOHOL VEHICLES

4. APPLIES TO DIESEL VEHICLES ONLY

5. DOES NOT APPLY TO CNG VEHICLES

6. CNG VEHICLES ONLY

7. 1.0 FOR DIESEL-FUELED VEHICLES THROUGH 2003 MODEL YEAR

8. DOES NOT APPLY TO DIESEL-FUELED VEHICLES

9. 1.25 FOR DIESEL-FUELED VEHICLES THROUGH 2003 MODEL YEAR

10. DIESEL-FUELED VEHICLES ONLY

11. METHANOL AND ETHANOL VEHICLES ONLY

12. GASOLINE VEHICLES ONLY

13. 0.7 THROUGH MODEL YEAR 1997

14. 1.0 THROUGH MODEL YEAR 1997

15. 1.1 THROUGH MODEL YEAR 1997

16. 1.5 THROUGH MODEL YEAR 1997

17. 1.3 THROUGH MODEL YEAR 1997

18. 1.8 THROUGH MODEL YEAR 1997

19. 2.0 THROUGH MODEL YEAR 1997

20. 2.8 THROUGH MODEL YEAR 1997

21. 1.48 FOR DIESEL-FUELED VEHICLES

22. 2.07 FOR DIESEL-FUELED VEHICLES

23. OTHER EQUIVALENT SCHEDULES ALLOWED.

24. PC/LDV MAY BE COMBINED WITH LDT1 & LDT2 FOR TIER 1 PHASE-IN

25. PC/LDV & LDT1 COMBINED WITH LDT2 FOR SFTP PHASE-IN

26. STANDARDS APPLY AT A USEFUL LIFE OF 11 YEARS / 120,000 MILES

27. GASOLINE AND DIESEL VEHICLES ONLY

28. TOTAL HC COMPLIANCE STATEMENT ALLOWED (IN LIEU OF TEST DATA)

29. PARTICULATES COMPLIANCE STATEMENT ALLOWED FOR NON-DIESEL CYCLE

 VEHICLES (IN LIEU OF SUPPLYING ACTUAL TEST DATA)

30. SPECIAL NMOG STANDARDS APPLY TO DUAL & FLEXIBLE FUEL VEHICLES, SEE

 40 CFR 88.104-94(h) & (i)

31. DUAL & FLEXIBLE FUEL VEHICLES MAY MEET NEXT HIGHER (LESS STRINGENT) 

 NMOG STANDARD WHEN OPERATING ON GASOLINE.

32. 0.10 GM/MILE PARTICULATE STANDARD APPLIES TO NON-DIESEL VEHICLES

33. SPECIAL EVAPORATIVE REQUIREMENTS APPLY (5.0 GRAMS MAX WITH THE

 EVAPORATIVE SYSTEM DISCONNECTED)

34. HIGHWAY NOx EMISSIONS SHALL NOT EXCEED 1.33 TIMES THE APPLICABLE FTP

 (CITY) NOx STANDARDS

35. COLD CO EMISSIONS FOR GASOLINE FUELED VEHICLES SHALL NOT EXCEED 10.0

 GR/MI (LDV, LDT1, LDT2) OR 12.5 GM/MI (LDT3 & LDT4) AT 50K MILES

US Environmental Protection Agency

Office of Transportation and Air Quality

EPA420-B-00-001

February 2000
Exhaust and Evaporative Emission Standards

Footnotes to the tables of emission standards - Continued

Page 2 of 8

36. CALIFORNIA OBD-II SYSTEM REQUIRED, REF 40 CFR 86.1717-99

37. FEDERAL OBD SYSTEM REQUIRED BEGINNING WITH 1994 MODEL YEAR VEHICLES,

 REF 40 CFR 86.1806-01

38. IDLE CO EMISSIONS FROM GASOLINE, METHANOL, CNG & LPG TRUCKS SHALL

 NOT EXCEED 0.50 PERCENT EXHAUST GAS AT 120K MILES/11 YEARS

 COMPLIANCE STATEMENT ALLOWED (IN LIEU OF ACTUAL TEST DATA)

39. CERTIFICATION SHORT TEST (CST) EMISSIONS FROM GASOLINE VEHICLES SHALL

 NOT EXCEED 100 PPM HC OR 0.50 PERCENT EXHAUST GAS CO AT IDLE AND

 2500 RPM AT 4K MILES; COMPLIANCE STATEMENT ALLOWED (IN LIEU OF DATA)

40. TIER 1, NLEV & CFV VEHICLES MUST MEET TIER 1 EMISSION STANDARDS AT HIGH

 ALTITUDE; TIER 0 VEHICLES MUST MEET SPECIAL HIGH ALTITUDE STANDARDS;

 COMPLIANCE STATEMENT ALLOWED (IN LIEU OF ACTUAL TEST DATA)

41. NLEV AND CFV (LDV, LDT1, LDT2) VEHICLES MUST MEET SPECIAL 50 DEG F

 EMISSION STANDARDS AT 4K MILES (NOT APPLICABLE TO DIESEL, CNG, OR 

 HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLES); REF. 40 CFR 86.1708 & 1709-99 (b)(1)(iv)

42. SPECIAL INTERIM IN-USE EMISSION STANDARDS APPLY TO 1999 LEV AND 1999 TO

 2002 ULEV VEHICLES; REF. 40 CFR 86.1808 & 1809-99(C) AS CORRECTED IN EPA

 GUIDANCE LETTER VPCD-98-03, APRIL 8, 1998.

43. TIER 0 AND TIER 1 EMISSION STANDARDS DO NOT APPLY TO ETHANOL VEHICLES

44. SMALL VOLUME MANUFACTURER EXEMPT UNTIL LAST YEAR OF PHASE-IN.

45. NOT APPLICABLE TO LOW VOMUME MANUFACTURERS (MANUFACTURERS WITH

 ANNUAL NATIONWIDE SALES OF CARS & LLDTs OF 40,000 UNITS OR LESS)

46. EARLY CREDITS AVAILABLE, REF. 40 CFR 86.1710-99(C)(7) & (8) AS CORRECTED IN

 EPA GUIDANCE LETTER VPCD-98-03, APRIL 8, 1998.

47. COMPLIANCE REQUIRED FOR NLEV AND CFV FLEXIBLE FUELED VEHICLES

 UNDER DEFEAT DEVICE REGULATIONS, REF. 40 CFR 86.1809-01.

48. WAIVERS ALLOWED IF CERTIFIED TO ORVR STANDARDS, REF. 40 CFR 86.1810-01(L)

49. MUST MEET ANSI/AGA NGV1 RECEPTICLE REQUIREMENTS, REF. 40CFR 86.1810 (K)

50. WAIVERS ALLOWED; REF 40 CFR 86.1810-01(M)

51. 2.6 GRAMS PER TEST AT HIGH ALTITUDE PRIOR TO 1996 MODEL YEAR
Exhaust and Evaporative Emission Standards

Abbreviations used in the tables of emission standards

Page 3 of 8

ALVW Adjusted Loaded Vehicle Weight 

 CFV Clean Fueled Vehicle

 CNG Compressed Natural Gas

 CO Carbon Monoxide

 E10 A mixture of 10% ethanol and 90 % gasoline

 E85 A mixture of 85% ethanol and 15 % gasoline

 FTP Federal Test Procedure

 GVWR Gross Vehicle Weight Rating

 HCHO Formaldehyde

 HDV Heavy-duty Vehicle [California definition] [federal definition]

 HLDT Heavy Light-duty Truck

 ILEV Inherently Low Emission Vehicle

 LDT Light-duty Truck [California definition] [federal definition]

 LDT1 Light-duty Truck 1

 LDT2 Light-duty Truck 2

 LDT3 Light-duty Truck 3

 LDT4 Light-duty Truck 4

 LDV Light-duty Vehicle

 LLDT Light Light-duty Truck

 LEV Low Emission Vehicle 

 LPG Liquified Petroleum Gas (Propane)

 LVW Loaded Vehicle Weight

 MDV Medium-duty Vehicle

 M10 A mixture of 10% methanol and 90 % gasoline

 M85 A mixture of 85% methanol and 15 % gasoline

 NLEV National Low Emission Vehicle

 NMHC Non-methane Hydrocarbon

 NMOG Non-methane Organic Gases

 NOx Nitrogen Oxides

 ORVR Onboard Refueling Vapor Recovery

 PC Passenger Car

 PM Particulate Matter

 SFTP Supplemental Federal Test Procedure

 SULEV Super-Ultra-Low-Emission Vehicle

 THC Total Hydrocarbon

 THCE Total Hydrocarbon Equivalent

 TLEV Transitional Low-Emission Vehicle

 TW Test Weight

 ULEV Ultra-Low-Emission Vehicle

 ZEV Zero-Emission Vehicle
Exhaust and Evaporative Emission Standards

Federal Definitions

Page 4 of 8

Adjusted Loaded Vehicle Weight (ALVW) 

The numerical average of vehicle curb weight and GVWR. (40 CFR 86.1803-01) 

[Note: The federal "adjusted loaded vehicle weight" definition is identical to the California definition for "test 

weight."] 

Approach Angle 

The smallest angle in a plan side view of an automobile, formed by the level surface on which the automobile is 

standing and a line tangent to the front tire static loaded radius arc and touching the underside of the automobile 

forward of the front tire. (40 CFR 86.1803-01)

Axle Clearance 

The vertical distance from the level surface on which an automobile is standing to the lowest point on the axle 

differential of the automobile. (40 CFR 86.1803-01)

Basic Vehicle Frontal Area 

The area enclosed by the geometric projection of the basic vehicle along the longitudinal axis, which includes tires 

but excludes mirrors and air deflectors, onto a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle. (40 CFR 

86.1803-01)

Breakover Angle 

The supplement of the largest angle, in the plan side view of an automobile, that can be formed by two lines 

tangent to the front and rear static loaded radii arcs and intersecting at a point on the underside of the 

automobile. (40 CFR 86.1803-01)

Clean Fueled Vehicle (CFV) Program

The Federal program established to promote the sales of low emission vehicles in the State of California 

(California Pilot Program) and to promote the sales of LEV, ILEV and ULEV vehicles in twenty-two metropolitan 

areas in the United States (the Clean Fuel Fleet Program). (40 CFR Part 88) Eighteen areas have opted out of the 

Clean Fuel Fleet Program. The four areas which have adopted federal Clean Fuel Fleet programs are Atlanta, GA;

Chicago-Gary-Lake County, IL/IN; Denver-Boulder, CO; and the Milwaukee-Racine, WI metropolitan areas.

Departure Angle 

The smallest angle, in a plan side view of an automobile, formed by the level surface on which the automobile is 

standing and a line tangent to the rear tire static loaded radius arc and touching the underside of the automobile 

rearward of the rear tire. (40 CFR 86.1803-01)

Federal Test Procedure (FTP) 

The test procedure as described in 40 CFR 86.130-00 paragraphs (a) through (d) and (f) which is designed to 

measure urban driving tail pipe exhaust emissions and evaporative emissions over the Urban Dynamoneter 

Driving Schedule as described in 40 CFR Part 86 Appendix I. (40 CFR 86.1803-01)

Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR) 

The value specified by the manufacturer as the maximum design loaded weight of a single vehicle. (40 CFR 

86.1803-01)

Heavy Light-Duty Truck (HLDT) 

Heavy light-duty truck means any light-duty truck rated greater than 6,000 lbs GVWR. (40 CFR 86.1803-01) 

Heavy-Duty Vehicle (HDV) 

Any motor vehicle rated at more than 8,500 pounds GVWR or that has a vehicle curb weight of more than 6000 

pounds or that has a basic vehicle frontal area in excess of 45 square feet. (40 CFR 86.1803-01)

Incomplete Truck 

Any truck which does not have the primary load carrying device or container attached. (40 CFR 86.1803-01)
Exhaust and Evaporative Emission Standards

Federal Definitions - Continued

Page 5 of 8

Low-Emission Vehicle (LEV) 

Any vehicle certified to low-emission standards. 

Light Light-Duty Truck (LLDT) 

Light light-duty truck means any light-duty truck rated up through 6,000 lbs GVWR. (40 CFR 86.1803-01)

[Note: The definition for this category of trucks is essentially identical to the California definition for "light-duty 

truck.") 

Light-Duty Truck (LDT) 

Any motor vehicle rated at 8,500 pounds GVWR or less which has a vehicle curb weight of 6,000 pounds or less 

and which has a basic vehicle frontal area of 45 square feet or less, which is:

(1) Designed primarily for purposes of transportation of property or is a derivation of such a vehicle, or

(2) Designed primarily for transportation of persons and has a capacity of more than 12 persons, or

(3) Available with special features enabling off-street or off-highway operation and use. (40 CFR 86.1803-01) 

Light-Duty Truck 1 (LDT1) 

Any light light-duty truck up through 3,750 lbs loaded vehicle weight. (40 CFR 86.1803-01)

Light-Duty Truck 2 (LDT2) 

Any light light-duty truck greater than 3,750 lbs loaded vehicle weight. (40 CFR 86.1803-01)

Light-Duty Truck 3 (LDT3) 

Any heavy light-duty truck up through 5,750 lbs adjusted loaded vehicle weight. (40 CFR 86.1803-01)

Light-Duty Truck 4 (LDT4) 

Any heavy light-duty truck greater than 5,750 lbs adjusted loaded vehicle weight. (40 CFR 86.1803-01)

Light-Duty Vehicle (LDV) 

A passenger car or passenger car derivative capable of seating 12 passengers or less. (40 CFR 86.1803-01) 

[Note: The federal "light-duty vehicle" definition is essentially identical to the California definition for "passenger 

car."] 

Loaded Vehicle Weight (LVW) 

The vehicle curb weight plus 300 pounds. (40 CFR 86.1803-01)

National Low Emission Vehicle (NLEV) Program

The National Low Emission Vehicle Program (NLEV) program is a voluntary program to introduce cleaner 

cars and light trucks in all parts of the country. Under the agreement between the States and automobile 

manufacturers, manufacturers began selling cleaner model year 1999 and 2000 cars and trucks in Connecticut,

Delaware, Maryland, New Hampshire, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Virginia, and the District of 

Columbia. (Massachusetts, New York, Vermont and Maine adopted California emission standards beginning 

in the 1999, 1999, 2000 and 2001 model years, respectively.) Twenty-four of the largest automobile 

manufacturers have voluntarily entered into the NLEV program. In model year 2001 to 2003 automobile 

manufacturers will voluntarily sell these cleaner cars and trucks in the 45 states nationwide which are 

participating in the NLEV program. Although the automobile manufacturers volunteered for the program, 

the lower emission levels and other requirements of the NLEV program are enforceable like any other federal 

new vehicle program. The NLEV program will continue to exist until the cleaner Federal Tier 2 emission 

standards become effective in the 2004 model year. (40 CFR Part 86 Subpart R)
Exhaust and Evaporative Emission Standards

Federal Definitions - Continued

Page 6 of 8 Non-Methane Organic Gases (NMOG) 

The total mass of oxygenated and non-oxygenated hydrocarbon emissions. 

SC03 Cycle

The test cycle, described in 40 CFR 86.160-00 and listed in Appendix I, paragraph (a), of 40 CFR part 86, which is 

designed to represent driving immediately following startup, in 95 degrees F ambient conditions with the vehicle 

air conditioning on. (40 CFR 86.1803-01)

Special Features Enabling Off-Street Or Off-Highway Operation And Use 

A vehicle:

(1) That has 4-wheel drive; and

(2) That has at least four of the following characteristics calculated when the automobile is at curb weight, on a 

level surface, with the front wheels parallel to the vehicle's longitudinal centerline, and the tires inflated to the 

manufacturer's recommended pressure;

 (i) Approach angle of not less than 28 degrees;

 (ii) Breakover angle of not less than 14 degrees;

 (iii) Departure angle of not less than 20 degrees;

 (iv) Running clearance of not less than 8 inches;

 (v) Front and rear axle clearances of not less than 7 inches each. (40 CFR 86.1803-01)

Supplemental Federal Test Procedure 

The additional test procedures designed to measure emissions during aggressive and microtransient driving, as 

described in 40 CFR 86.159-00 over the US06 cycle, and also the test procedure designed to measure urban driving

emissions while the vehicle's air conditioning system is operating, as described in 40 CFR 86.160-00 over the SC03 

cycle. (40 CFR 86.1803-01)

Transitional Low-Emission Vehicle (TLEV) 

Any vehicle certified to transitional low-emission standards. 

Ultra-Low-Emission Vehicle (ULEV) 

Any vehicle certified to ultra-low emission standards. 

US06 

The test cycle, described in 40 CFR 86.159-00 and listed in appendix 1, paragraph (g) of 40 CFR part 86, which is 

designed to evaluate emissions during aggressive and microtransient driving. (40 CFR 86.1803-01) 

Vehicle Curb Weight (VCW) 

The actual or the manufacturer's estimated weight of the vehicle in operational status with all standard 

equipment, and weight of fuel at nominal tank capacity, and the weight of optional equipment computed in 

accordance with 40 CFR 86.082-24; incomplete light-duty trucks shall have the curb weight specified by the 

manufacturer. (40 CFR 86.1803-01)

Zero-emission vehicle (ZEV) 

Any vehicle certified to zero-emission standards. 
Exhaust and Evaporative Emission Standards

California Definitions

Page 7 of 8

Heavy-Duty Vehicle (HDV) 

Any motor vehicle having a manufacturer's gross vehicle weight rating greater than 6000 pounds, except 

passenger cars. 

Incomplete Vehicle 

Any vehicle which does not have the primary load carrying device or container attached. In situations where 

individual marketing relationships makes the status of the vehicle questionable, the Executive Officer shall 

determine whether a specific model complies with the definition of incomplete vehicle. 

Light-Duty Truck (LDT) 

Any motor vehicle, rated at 6000 pounds gross vehicle weight or less, which is designed primarily for purposes of 

transportation of property or is a derivative of such a vehicle, or is available with special features enabling offstreet or off-highway operation and use. 

[Note: The California "light-duty truck" definition is essentially identical to the federal definition for "light lightduty truck."] 

Light-Duty Truck 1 (LDT1) 

Any light-duty truck up through 3,750 lbs loaded vehicle weight. 

[Note: California does not use the terms "light-duty truck 1" and "light-duty truck 2" in an official sense. However,

they subdivide their light-duty trucks of less than 6000 pounds GVWR based on LVW in exactly the same way the

federal regulations do, so these terms are applied to California emission standards to facilitate comparison.] 

Light-Duty Truck 2 (LDT2) 

Any light-duty truck greater than 3,750 lbs loaded vehicle weight. 

[Note: California does not use the terms "light-duty truck 1" and "light-duty truck 2" in an official sense. However,

they subdivide their light-duty trucks of less than 6000 pounds GVWR based on LVW in exactly the same way the

federal regulations do, so these terms are applied to California emission standards to facilitate comparison.] 

Low-Emission Vehicle (LEV) 

Any vehicle certified to low-emission standards. 

Medium-Duty Vehicle (MDV) 

Any pre-1995 model year heavy-duty vehicle having a manufacturer's gross vehicle weight rating of 8,500 pounds

or less, any 1992 and subsequent model year heavy-duty low-emission, ultra-low-emission, super-ultra-lowemission or zero-emission vehicle having a manufacturer's gross vehicle weight rating of 14,000 pounds or less, or

any 1995 and subsequent model year heavy duty vehicle having a manufacturer's gross vehicle weight rating of 

14,000 pounds or less. Medium-duty vehicles are subdivided into five classes (MDV1-MDV5) based on vehicle 

test weight. 

Non-Methane Organic Gases (NMOG) 

The total mass of oxygenated and non-oxygenated hydrocarbon emissions. 

Passenger Car (PC) 

Any motor vehicle designed primarily for transportation of persons and having a design capacity of 12 persons or

less. 

[Note: The California "passenger car" definition is essentially identical to the federal definition for "light-duty 

vehicle."] 
Exhaust and Evaporative Emission Standards

California Definitions - Continued

Page8 of 8

Super-Ultra-Low-Emission Vehicle (SULEV) 

Any medium-duty vehicle certified to super-ultra-low-emission standards. 

Test Weight (TW) 

The average of the vehicle's curb weight and gross vehicle weight. 

[Note: The California "test weight" definition is identical to the federal definition of "adjusted loaded vehicle 

weight."] 

Transitional Low-Emission Vehicle (TLEV) 

Any vehicle certified to transitional low-emission standards. 

Ultra-Low-Emission Vehicle (ULEV) 

Any vehicle certified to ultra-low emission standards. 

Zero-emission vehicle (ZEV) 

Any vehicle certified to zero-emission standards.