UNPUBLISHED

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE FOURTH CIRCUIT

No. 22-6269

JAMES ANDREW METCALF,

Plaintiff - Appellant,

v.

GEO GROUP, INCORPORATED, Contractor for Virginia Department of 

Corrections; MICHAEL BRECKON, Facility Administrator, LVCC - individually 

and in their official capacities; STEPHEN HERRICK, Director of Health Services -

individually and in their official capacities; ANNETTE SCHWENDINGER, Facility 

Nurse Practitioner (FNP), LVCC - individually and in their official capacities; N. H. 

SCOTT, Deputy Director for Administration - individually and in their official 

capacities,

Defendants - Appellees,

and

COURTNEY HARRIS, Health Services Administrator (HSA), LVCC - individually 

and in their official capacities,

Defendant.

Appeal from the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia, at 

Richmond. Henry E. Hudson, Senior District Judge. (3:19-cv-00842-HEH-EWH)

Submitted: March 28, 2024 Decided: June 4, 2024

Before HARRIS, RICHARDSON, and RUSHING, Circuit Judges.

USCA4 Appeal: 22-6269 Doc: 31 Filed: 06/04/2024 Pg: 1 of 4
2

Affirmed by unpublished per curiam opinion.

James Andrew Metcalf, Appellant Pro Se. Gregory S. Bean, Michael Gordon Matheson,

GORDON REES SCULLY MANSUKHANI, LLP, Williamsburg, Virginia; John P. 

O’Herron, THOMPSON MCMULLAN PC, Richmond, Virginia; Grace Morse-McNelis, 

FRITH, ANDERSON & PEAKE, PC, Glen Allen, Virginia, for Appellees.

Unpublished opinions are not binding precedent in this circuit.

USCA4 Appeal: 22-6269 Doc: 31 Filed: 06/04/2024 Pg: 2 of 4
3 

PER CURIAM: 

James Andrew Metcalf, a Virginia inmate housed in Lawrenceville Correctional 

Center, filed the instant 42 U.S.C. § 1983 action asserting that Defendants were 

deliberately indifferent to his serious medical need for hearing aids, in violation of the 

Eighth Amendment, and violated his rights under Title II of the Americans with Disabilities 

Act of 1990 (ADA), 42 U.S.C. § 12131. Metcalf appeals the district court’s orders 

granting, in part, Defendant Stephen Herrick’s motion to dismiss, and granting Defendants’ 

motions for summary judgment. 

Turning first to the district court’s dismissal of Metcalf’s deliberate indifference 

claim against Herrick, we review de novo a dismissal for failure to state a claim. Stewart 

v. Iancu, 912 F.3d 693, 702 (4th Cir. 2019). “To survive a motion to dismiss [under Fed. 

R. Civ. P. 12(b)(6),] a complaint must contain sufficient factual matter, accepted as true, 

to state a claim to relief that is plausible on its face.” Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 678 

(2009) (internal quotation marks omitted). To state a claim against Herrick for supervisory 

liability, Metcalf was required to show: 

(1) [Herrick] knew that his subordinate was engaged in conduct that posed a 

pervasive and unreasonable risk of constitutional injury; (2) his response 

showed deliberate indifference to or tacit authorization of the alleged 

offensive practices; and (3) that there was an affirmative causal link between 

his inaction and the constitutional injury. 

King v. Rubenstein, 825 F.3d 206, 224 (4th Cir. 2016) (internal quotation marks omitted). 

Metcalf failed to plausibly allege that Herrick was subjectively aware that medical 

personnel were “engaged in conduct that posed a pervasive and unreasonable risk of 

constitutional injury [or that] his response showed deliberate indifference to or tacit 

USCA4 Appeal: 22-6269 Doc: 31 Filed: 06/04/2024 Pg: 3 of 4
4 

authorization of the alleged offensive practices.” Id. (internal quotation marks omitted). 

We therefore conclude that the district court did not err by dismissing this claim. 

Next, we also “review a grant of summary judgment de novo, viewing the facts and 

inferences reasonably drawn therefrom in the light most favorable to the nonmoving party.” 

Pledger v. Lynch, 5 F.4th 511, 524 (4th Cir. 2021) (internal quotation marks omitted). 

Metcalf contends that the district court erred by declining to consider his evidence in 

opposition to Defendants’ motions for summary judgment, based on the court’s conclusion 

that Metcalf failed to properly verify the documents. However, even assuming, without 

deciding, that the court erred by deeming Metcalf’s proffered evidence inadmissible (and, 

therefore, insufficient to oppose summary judgment), any error in this regard was harmless

because Metcalf’s excluded evidence did not establish a triable issue on any of his claims. 

See United States v. Caldwell, 7 F.4th 191, 204 (4th Cir. 2021). Finally, we perceive no 

abuse of discretion in the magistrate judges’ orders denying Metcalf’s motions to appoint 

counsel. See Miller v. Simmons, 814 F.2d 962, 966 (4th Cir. 1987) (stating standard). 

Upon review of the record and Metcalf’s arguments on appeal, we discern no 

reversible error. Accordingly, we affirm the district court’s orders. Metcalf v. GEO Grp., 

Inc., No. 3:19-cv-00842-HEH-EWH (E.D. Va. June 10, 2021; Feb. 24, 2022). We dispense 

with oral argument because the facts and legal contentions are adequately presented in the 

materials before this court and argument would not aid the decisional process. 

AFFIRMED 

USCA4 Appeal: 22-6269 Doc: 31 Filed: 06/04/2024 Pg: 4 of 4