Exhaust Emission Factors for Nonroad 

Engine Modeling 

Spark-Ignition
EPA-420-R-10-019

NR-010f

July 2010

Assessment and Standards Division

Office of Transportation and Air Quality

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

Exhaust Emission Factors for Nonroad 

Engine Modeling 

Spark-Ignition

NR-010f

NOTICE

This technical report does not necessarily represent final EPA decisions or 

positions. It is intended to present technical analysis of issues using data 

that are currently available. The purpose in the release of such reports is to 

facilitate the exchange of technical information and to inform the public of 

technical developments.
 1 

Exhaust Emission Factors 

 for Nonroad Engine Modeling-- 

Spark Ignition 

Report No. NR-010f

July 2010 

Assessment and Standards Division 

EPA, Office of Transportation and Air Quality 

Purpose

This report describes and documents exhaust emission factors, crankcase estimates, and 

brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) estimates used for spark ignition (SI) engines in EPA’s 

final NONROAD2008a emission inventory model. It covers engines powered by gasoline, 

natural gas and liquefied petroleum gas. Relative to the December 2005 version of this report, 

this version has been updated to incorporate the standards in the 2008 final rulemaking affecting 

small nonroad SI engines and equipment, as well as marine SI engines and vessels. [1] 

Additional EPA reports describe other issues relating to emission factors including 

NONROAD evaporative emission rates (NR-012d), refueling emissions (NR-013b), 

adjustments to emission rates due to variations in fuel and temperature (NR-001c), speciation of 

hydrocarbon emissions (NR-002c), and adjustments to emission rates as equipment deteriorates 

due to time and use (NR-011d). Emission factors for compression ignition (diesel) engines are 

covered in a separate report (NR-009d). 

Introduction

The U.S. EPA’s NONROAD model computes county-level emission inventories for 

nonroad engines. These calculations rely on emission factors -- estimates of the amount of 

pollution emitted by a particular type of equipment during a unit of use. Typically emission 

factors for nonroad sources are reported in grams per horsepower-hour (g/hp-hr), but they also 

may be reported in grams per mile (g/mile), grams per hour, grams per gallon, etc. The SI 

exhaust emission factors in the NONROAD model are reported in g/hp-hr, with the exception of 

nonroad motorcycles and all-terrain vehicles, which are reported in g/mile. The SI BSFCs are 

reported in lb/hp-hr, with the exception of nonroad motorcycles and all-terrain vehicles, which 

are reported in lb/mile. 

 The pollutants covered by this report include exhaust total hydrocarbons (HC), carbon 

monoxide (CO), oxides of nitrogen (NOx), total particulate matter (PM), carbon dioxide (CO2), 

and sulfur dioxide (SO2). For nonroad engines, all PM emissions are assumed to be smaller than 
 2 

10 microns (PM10), and 92% of the PM from gasoline and diesel fueled engines is assumed to 

be smaller than 2.5 microns (PM2.5). For gaseous fueled engines (LPG/CNG), 100% of the PM 

emissions are assumed to be smaller than PM2.5. The NONROAD Reporting Utility allows the 

user to select the desired size range. 

Zero-mile, steady-state emission factors for HC, CO, NOx, PM, and steady-state BSFCs 

are discussed first, followed by adjustments (where applicable) to account for transient 

operation. Technology distributions by model year, to account for changes in emission factors 

over time, are then discussed. Derivation of CO2 and SO2 emission factors follows. Crankcase 

emissions are then discussed. 

As explained in NR-006e, spark-ignition engine equipment population under 25 

horsepower will be combined into one source classification code (SCC) per application to handle 

expected shifts in market share between 2 and 4-stroke gasoline, LPG, and CNG engines. In the 

model, the distinction between two- and four-stroke spark-ignition engine emission factors will 

be maintained using the technology groups described in this report. In this current document, the 

SCC distinction between 2 and 4-stroke gasoline, LPG, and CNG engines is maintained; 

however, in the model, we will distinguish emission factors between them by using the 

technology group methodology.

Background

Prior to the NONROAD model, there have been three major efforts to estimate nonroad 

spark ignition emission inventories. We have reviewed these efforts in our work to select 

emission factors for the final version of NONROAD. The three inventories/models are: 

EPA’s Nonroad Engine and Vehicle Emission Study (“NEVES”).[2] Published in 

November, 1991, this study was mandated by Congress to determine whether nonroad 

sources made a significant contribution to urban air pollution. The study covers 

emissions from all nonroad engines and includes hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide 

(CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), total particulates (PM), sulfur dioxide (SO2) and other 

pollutants. It provides inventories for 19 ozone and 16 CO nonattainment areas. 

California Air Resources Board’s (ARB’s) nonroad model (“OFFROAD”), designed to 

estimate nonroad emissions for the state of California only. A draft version of this model 

was released August 1, 1997. [3] The model covers HC, CO, NOx, PM, sulfur dioxide 

(SO2), and carbon dioxide (CO2) for all nonroad engines. ARB periodically revises 

components of the OFFROAD model. “OFFROAD2007”, dated December 15, 2006, is 

currently available via the ARB website. [4] 
 3 

EPA’s “Small Engine Model”--designed as an internal tool for evaluating various 

control scenarios, EPA has used this model to estimate the effect of regulations on small 

spark-ignition (SI) engines under 19 kW (25 hp). This model has evolved over time, but 

the pre-control exhaust emission factors have not changed since the model was 

documented in 1995.[5] The model computes national-level inventories of nonroad HC, 

CO, and NOx. 

The emission factors used in these prior efforts have been based on a very small number 

of engine studies, particularly when compared to the large body of data available for highway 

vehicles. 

Emission Factor Categories

NEVES defines emission factors by the equipment use (i.e., by “application”) but does 

not assign different emission factors to engines of different sizes within the same application. 

On the other hand, OFFROAD and the Small Engine Model define emission factors by engine 

size (by horsepower in OFFROAD and by displacement in the Small Engine Model), but do not 

assign different emission factors to engines used in different applications that are of the same 

size. Given the structure of emission control regulations and the design similarities between 

engines of the same horsepower used in various applications, we define emission factors 

primarily by power level in final NONROAD2008a. Appendix A provides a comparison of the 

power categories in OFFROAD, the Small Engine Model, and NONROAD. The NONROAD 

model allows for the use of application-specific emission factors if there is sufficient information 

to justify their use. We use application-based emission factor categories only to distinguish 

recreational marine engines and selected recreational vehicles. 

Emission Standards

In addition to estimating emissions from pre-controlled engines, the NONROAD model 

is designed to account for the effect of federal emissions standards. The model does not cover 

California emission standards and federal standards that are not yet final. Thus, NONROAD 

will include emission factors under the following final regulations that cover SI engines at or 

below 19 kilowatts (25 hp) and SI marine engines: 

Emissions for New Nonroad Spark Ignition Engines at or below 19 Kilowatts. July 1995. 

 (“Small Engine Rule, Phase 1”) [6] 

Phase 2: Emission Standards for New Nonroad Nonhandheld Spark-Ignition Engines At 

or Below 19 Kilowatts. March 1999. (“Small Engine Nonhandheld Rule, Phase 2”) [7] 

Phase 2: Emission Standards for New Nonroad Spark-Ignition Handheld Engines At or 

Below 19 Kilowatts and Minor Amendments to Emission Requirements Applicable to 

Small Spark-Ignition Engines and Marine Spark-Ignition Engines. April 2000. (“Small 

Engine Handheld Rule, Phase 2”) [8] 
 4 

Final Rule for New Gasoline Spark-Ignition Marine Engines; Exemptions for New 

Nonroad Compression-Ignition engines at or Above 37 Kilowatts and New Nonroad 

Spark-Ignition Engines at or Below 19 Kilowatts October 1996. ("Marine Rule") [9] 

Control of Emissions From Nonroad Large Spark-Ignition Engines and Recreational 

Engines (Marine and Land-Based); Final Rule. November 2002. [10] 

Control of Emissions From Nonroad Spark-Ignition Engines and Equipment; Final Rule. 

 October 2008. [11] 

Zero-Hour, Steady-State Emission Factors for HC, CO, NOx, PM, and Steady-State BSFCs

This section describes the zero-hour, steady-state emission factors and steady-state 

BSFCs that are used in final NONROAD2008a. Pre-controlled (baseline) and controlled (where 

applicable) emission factors are described for each of the following regulatory equipment 

categories: small SI engines ≤25 hp, large SI engines >25 hp, land-based recreational engines, 

and recreational marine engines. 

Spark-Ignition (SI) Engines ≤25 hp

This category includes all engines ≤25 hp except those used for recreational applications 

(such as motorcycles or snowmobiles), for marine propulsion, or for toy boats and airplanes. 

The engines in this category are used primarily in lawn and garden equipment. 

For this category, engines are segregated by the class of the engine (I - V). Each class is 

determined by the use of the engine, i.e., handheld or nonhandheld, and engine displacement. 

Classes I and II refer to nonhandheld small SI engines; classes III, IV, and V refer to handheld 

small SI engines. The classes have the following displacements: Class I (< 225cc); Class II (≥

225cc); Class III (< 20cc); Class IV (≥ 20cc and < 50cc); Class V (≥ 50cc). 

Engines in handheld applications (such as leafblowers and chainsaws) are subject to two 

phases of regulation (Phase 1 and Phase 2). Under the Phase 1 regulations, new engines have 

had to meet emission standards for HC, CO, and NOx since 1997. More stringent Phase 2 

standards phase in between 2002 and 2007. 

For nonhandheld applications (such as lawn and garden tractors and lawnmowers), 

similar Phase 1 regulations have been in place since 1997. More stringent Phase 2 standards 

phase in between 2001 and 2007. Phase 3 standards are phased in beginning in 2012 for Class I 

engines and 2011 for Class II engines. The test procedure used for the small SI regulations is the 

Small SI Engine Federal Steady-State Test Procedure. 

Tables 1-5 contain the baseline, Phase 1, Phase 2, and Phase 3 (where applicable) 

controlled emission factors for these five classes of engines. There are no LPG or CNG engines 

less than 25 hp in final NONROAD2008; therefore, the emission factors in these tables are used 

for gasoline engines in the model. 
 5 

In order to account for the effect of the rulemaking and the phase-in of the new standards, 

engines meeting the new standards were defined by the technology types in Tables 1-5. (A 

complete list and description of SI technology types used in final NONROAD2008a is provided 

in Appendix B, Table B3.) Handheld engines (Classes III-V) tend to be primarily 2-stroke 

engines, with catalyst equipped engines beginning with the Phase 1 standards. Nonhandheld 

engines include both 2 and 4-stroke engines, but manufacturers are expected to build only 4-

stroke engines with the advent of the new regulations. Nonhandheld 4-stroke engine production 

is split between two technical types, side-valve and overhead valve systems, which have been 

shown to exhibit significantly different emission characteristics. 

In general, for baseline emissions, NONROAD uses emission factors based on those in 

the Small Engine Model. [5] Also, the PM emission factors for the entire category (both 

baseline and controlled) are based on values in NEVES. [2] 

For nonhandheld (class I and II) engines, NONROAD uses the brake-specific fuel 

consumption (BSFC), HC, CO, and NOX emission factors for Phase 1 that are contained in the 

final regulatory impact analysis for the March 1999 rulemaking. [7] (The baseline emission 

factors are also contained in this reference.) The Phase 1 emission factors were based on values 

obtained from the EPA 1998 Phase 1 Certification database. For Phase 2, the emission factors 

for Class II engines were back-calculated using 1) the Phase 2 standards, and 2) a multiplicative 

deterioration factor for each pollutant. For Class I engines, the Phase 2 emission factors were 

updated since the rulemaking based on testing performed by EPA on 16 walk-behind 

lawnmowers powered by engines that have been certified to the Phase 2 standards. [13] 

There are also Phase 3 HC+NOX emission standards promulgated in October 2008 that 

apply to the nonhandheld Class I and II engines. The Phase 3 emission factors were developed 

based on testing of catalyst-equipped engines both in the laboratory and in-use. [14, 15] The 

deterioration factors are described in more detail in NR-011d. 

For handheld (class III, IV, and V) engines, NONROAD uses the BSFC, HC, CO, and 

NOx emission factors for Phase 1 and 2 that are contained in the final regulatory impact analysis 

for the April 2000 rule. [16] (The baseline emission factors are also contained in this reference.) 

 For Phase 1, the emission factors were back-calculated using 1) the Phase 1 standards, and 2) a 

multiplicative deterioration factor for each pollutant. For Phase 2, the emission factors were 

determined using the same methodology. There are no Phase 3 standards for handheld engines. 

As mentioned above, the deterioration factors are described in more detail in NR-011d. 
 6 

Table 1. Emissions and BSFCs for Class III Handheld Small SI Engines (< 20cc)* 

Engine Tech Type HC 

g/hp-hr 

CO 

g/hp-hr 

NOx

g/hp-hr 

PM 

g/hp-hr 

BSFC 

lb/hp-hr

G2H3 (gas 2-stroke handheld Class III, baseline) 261.00 718.87 0.97 7.7 1.365 

G2H31 (Phase 1) 219.99 480.31 0.78 7.7 1.184 

G2H3C1 (Phase 1 with catalyst) 219.99 480.31 0.78 7.7 1.184 

G2H3C2 (Phase 2 with catalyst) 26.87 141.69 1.49 7.7 0.822

* Assigned NONROAD hp range: 0-1 hp 

Table 2. Emissions and BSFCs for Class IV Handheld Small SI Engines (≥20cc and <50cc)*

Engine Tech Type HC 

g/hp-hr 

CO 

g/hp-hr 

NOx

g/hp-hr 

PM 

g/hp-hr 

BSFC 

lb/hp-hr 

G2H4 (gas 2-stroke handheld Class IV, baseline) 261.00 718.87 0.94 7.7 1.365 

G2H41 (Phase 1) 179.72 407.38 0.51 7.7 1.184 

G2H4C1 (Phase 1 with catalyst) 179.72 407.38 0.51 7.7 1.184 

G4H41 (Phase 1 4-stroke) 22.37 533.42 1.79 0.06 0.847 

G2H4C2 (Phase 2 with catalyst) 26.87 141.69 1.49 7.7 0.822 

G4H42 (Phase 2 4-stroke) 25.83 432.51 1.13 0.06 0.847 

* Assigned NONROAD hp range: 1-3 hp 

Table 3. Emissions and BSFCs for Class V Handheld Small SI Engines (>50cc)* 

Engine Tech Type HC 

g/hp-hr 

CO 

g/hp-hr 

NOx

g/hp-hr 

PM 

g/hp-hr 

BSFC 

lb/hp-hr 

G2H5 (gas 2-stroke handheld Class V, baseline) 159.58 519.02 0.97 7.7 0.921 

G2H51 (Phase 1) 120.06 351.02 1.82 7.7 0.870 

G2H5C1 (Phase 1 with catalyst) 120.06 351.02 1.82 7.7 0.870 

G2H52 (Phase 2) 47.98 283.37 0.91 7.7 0.608 

* Assigned NONROAD hp range: 3-6 hp 
 7 

Table 4. Emissions and BSFCs for Class I Nonhandheld Small SI Engines (< 225cc)*

Engine Tech Type HC 

g/hp-hr 

CO 

g/hp-hr 

NOx

g/hp-hr 

PM 

g/hp-hr 

BSFC 

lb/hp-hr 

G2N1 (gas 2-stroke nonhandheld Class I, baseline) 207.92 485.81 0.29 7.7 0.870 

G4N1S (side-valve, 4-stroke, baseline) 38.99 430.84 2.00 0.06 1.365 

G4N1O (overhead-valve, 4-stroke, baseline) 13.39 408.84 1.80 0.06 0.991 

G4N1S1 (Phase 1 side-valve, 4-stroke) 8.40 353.69 3.60 0.06 0.921 

G4N1O1 (Phase 1 overhead-valve, 4-stroke) 8.40 351.16 3.24 0.06 0.781 

G4N1S2 (Phase 2 side-valve, 4-stroke) 7.68 288.24 1.92 0.26 0.921 

G4N1O2 (Phase 2 overhead valve, 4-stroke) 6.51 293.01 2.45 0.04 0.781 

G4N1S3 (Phase 3 side-valve, 4-stroke) 4.18 238.45 1.04 0.18 0.921 

G4N1O3 (Phase 3 overhead valve, 4-stroke) 3.80 242.40 1.42 0.04 0.781 

* Assigned NONROAD hp range: 3-6 hp 

Table 5. Emissions and BSFCs for Class II Nonhandheld Small SI Engines (≥ 225cc)* 

Engine Tech Type HC 

g/hp-hr 

CO 

g/hp-hr 

NOx

g/hp-hr 

PM 

g/hp-hr 

BSFC 

lb/hp-hr 

G2N2 (gas 2-stroke nonhandheld Class II, baseline) 207.92 485.81 0.29 7.7 0.870 

G4N2S (side-valve, 4-stroke, baseline) 9.66 430.84 2.06 0.06 0.937 

G4N2O (overhead-valve, 4-stroke, baseline) 5.20 408.84 3.50 0.06 0.937 

G4N2S1 (Phase 1 side-valve, 4-stroke) 5.50 387.02 4.50 0.06 0.868 

G4N2O1 (Phase 1 overhead valve, 4-stroke) 5.20 352.57 3.50 0.06 0.740 

G4N2O2 (Phase 2 overhead valve, 4-stroke) 4.16 352.57 2.77 0.06 0.740 

G4N23a (Phase 3 overhead-valve, 4-stroke) 3.17 321.94 1.01 0.06 0.735 

* Assigned NONROAD hp range: 6-25 hp 

Spark-Ignition Engines > 25 hp

Nonroad SI engines above 25 hp are generally found in industrial equipment and are used 

in a wide variety of applications, including forklifts, airport ground-service equipment, terminal 

tractors, generators, compressors, welders, aerial lifts, and ice grooming machines. These 

engines may operate on gasoline, LPG, or CNG. Emission standards for SI engines >25 hp have 

were finalized in November 2002. [10] Both uncontrolled and Phase 1 and 2 controlled 

emission factors are included in NONROAD2008a. 
 8 

Summaries of the precontrolled, Phase 1, and Phase 2 emission factors used for this 

equipment category are provided in Tables 6 through 8. Emission factors for the gasoline, LPG, 

and CNG engines were taken from the regulatory support document for the final rule, and are 

based on a summary of available test data. [17] 

Table 6. Steady-State Emission Factors and BSFCs for Spark-Ignition Engines > 25 HP* 

Engine Tech Type HC 

g/hp-hr 

CO 

g/hp-hr 

NOx

g/hp-hr 

PM 

g/hp-hr 

BSFC 

lb/hp-hr 

Uncontrolled

G2GT25 (gas, 2-stroke, baseline) 208 486 0.29 7.7 1.300 

G4GT25 (gas, 4-stroke, baseline) 3.85 107.23 8.43 0.06 0.605 

LGT25 (LPG, baseline) 1.68 28.23 11.99 0.05 0.507 

NGT25 (CNG, baseline) 24.64 28.23 11.99 0.05 0.507

Phase 1

G4GT251 (gas, 4-stroke, used for 2-stroke SCCs) 0.85 24.49 1.51 7.7 0.484 

G4GT251 (gas, 4-stroke, used for 4-stroke SCCs) 0.59 29.86 1.51 0.06 0.484 

LGT251 (LPG) 0.25 24.49 2.10 0.05 0.406 

NGT251 (CNG) 3.69 24.49 2.10 0.05 0.406 

Phase 2

G4GT252 (gas, 4-stroke, used for 2-stroke SCCs) 0.28 13.24 0.69 7.7 0.484 

G4GT252 (gas, 4-stroke, used for 4-stroke SCCs) 0.27 11.94 0.69 0.06 0.484 

LGT252 (LPG) 0.10 3.92 0.85 0.05 0.406 

NGT252 (CNG) 1.57 3.92 0.89 0.05 0.406 

* There are very few uncontrolled 2-stroke engines >25 hp; these can be found in 2-stroke specialty vehicle cart and 

pump equipment. For these 2-stroke source classification codes (SCCs), 4-stroke engines are assumed to meet the 

Phase 1 and Phase 2 standards, with different Phase 1 and Phase 2 emission factors in some cases than the 4-stroke 

SCCs. 

Motorcycles, All-Terrain Vehicles (ATVs), and Snowmobiles

These engines differ significantly from other SI engines in their basic design, operating 

characteristics, and emission rates. Emission standards have been finalized for these engines. 

[10] 
 9 

A summary of the emission factors for these engines is provided in Table 7. The HC, 

CO, and NOx emission data for ATVs and motorcycles were provided by a manufacturer and 

represent various makes, models, model years, and engine sizes. The emission factors for ATVs 

and motorcycles are expressed as gram/mile (lb/mile for BSFC). The HC, CO, and NOx test data 

used for snowmobiles came from the International Snowmobile Manufacturers Association 

(ISMA) and Southwest Research Institute (SwRI). The emission factors for snowmobiles are 

expressed as gram/hp-hr (lb/hp-hr for BSFC). The emission factors are documented in 

regulatory support documents for the final rule. [17, 18] 

Table 7. Emission Factors and BSFCs for Offroad Motorcycles, ATVs, and Snowmobiles 

Equipment/Tech Type HC 

g/mile 

CO 

g/mile 

NOx

g/mile 

PM 

g/mile 

BSFC 

lb/mile 

Offroad Motorcycles 

RM2 (Precontrol 2-stroke) 53.90 54.10 0.150 2.10 0.268 

0.201* 

RM4 (Precontrol 4-stroke) 2.40 48.50 0.410 0.06 0.158 

RM40 (Closed crankcase 4-stroke) 2.40 48.50 0.410 0.06 0.158 

RM41 (Phase 1 4-stroke) 2.10 30.60 0.340 0.06 0.158 

All Terrain Vehicles 

RA2 (Precontrol 2-stroke) 53.90 54.10 0.150 2.10 0.213 

0.160* 

RA4 (Precontrol 4-stroke) 2.40 48.50 0.410 0.06 0.167 

RA40 (Closed crankcase 4-stroke) 2.40 48.50 0.410 0.06 0.167 

RA41 (Phase 1 4-stroke) 1.60 42.90 0.260 0.06 0.167 

Snowmobiles 

RS2 (Precontrol 2-stroke) 111.0 296.0 0.86 2.70 1.660

RS21 (Modified 2-stroke) 53.70 146.9 0.86 2.70 1.660 

RS22 (Direct injection 2-stroke) 21.80 90.0 2.80 0.57 1.245 

RS40 (Closed crankcase 4-stroke) 7.80 123.0 9.20 0.15 1.245 

* The standards for off-road motorcycle and ATV recreational engines allow the engine manufacturers to meet the controlled 4-

stroke engine standard with a 2-stroke engine. If a manufacturer succeeds in meeting the 4-stroke controlled standard with a 

two-stroke engine, this is the estimate of what the BSFC for the controlled 2-stroke engine would be. 
 10 

Recreational SI Marine Engines

Recreational SI marine engines are divided into three categories: outboard, personal 

watercraft (PWC), and sterndrive/inboard (SD/I) engines. For outboard and PWC, HC+NOx 

emission standards have been in place since 1998. NONROAD2005 contained updated emission 

factors developed using certification data from eight model years (1998-2005). In addition, 

updated fuel consumption estimates were developed based on test data. [19] NONROAD2008a 

additionally accounts for more stringent HC+NOx and CO standards starting with the 2010 

model year. [15] 

Pre-controlled emission factors (HC, CO, and NOx) for SD/I engines were taken from 

work accomplished in support of the 1996 marine rulemaking, as well as newer information and 

analysis related to SD/I engines. [20, 21] BSFCs and PM emission factors were derived from 

NEVES. [1] First-time HC+NOx and CO standards for SD/I engines apply starting with the 

2010 model year. For SD/I engines above 373 kW (600 hp) with high-performance 

characteristics (generally referred to as “SD/I high-performance engines”), a different set of 

HC+NOx and CO standards apply, also starting in 2010. These new standards have been 

accounted for in NONROAD2008a. [15] 

Table 8 shows how the power level ranges used in the 1996 rulemaking analysis were 

matched to the power levels used in NONROAD. 
 11 

Table 8. Mapping of Recreational Marine Engine Power Ranges 

Category EPA-RIA NONROAD Model 

<3.9 hp 0 - 3 hp 

3.9 - 9.9 3 - 11 

9.9 - 29.9 11 - 25 

29.9 - 49.9 25 - 50 

49.9 - 74.9 ------- 

74.9 - 99.9 50 - 100 

99.9 - 149.9 ------- 

Outboard

149.9 - 199.9 100 - 175 

PWC 30 - 50 hp 0 - 50 hp 

50 - 75 50 - 175 

100 - 150 hp 0 - 100 hp 

150 - 200 100 - 175 

Inboard

>200 >175 

To determine the effect of the Federal rulemaking for these types of engines, technical 

types were defined to reflect new technologies that would be employed to meet the emission 

levels required. These new technologies would be employed to various degrees to reflect the 

phase-in of the new emission standards. Technical types were defined to incorporate the 

emission reductions expected and the phase-in of the standards. For NONROAD2005, the list of 

technology classes was changed using information in the certification database to better reflect 

actual production. For NONROAD2008a, additional technology types were added to reflect the 

2010 standards. Table 9 presents a comparison of the NONROAD2004, NONROAD2005, and 

NONROAD2008a technology designations for recreational SI marine engines. 

Generally, the updated designations are comprised of 4-5 characters. The first character 

is “M” for marine. The second character is either “O”, “P” or “S” for outboard, personal 

watercraft, or sterndrive/inboard. The third character refers to the cycle (2 or 4-stroke), and the 

fourth character refers to the fuel system (“C” for carbureted, “I” for indirect injection, and “D” 

for direct injection). The final character denotes aftertreatment with an “A.” For two-stroke 

engines, “indirect injection” refers to any fuel injection that is not directly injected into the 

cylinder (such as throttle body fuel injection). For four-stroke engines, “direct injection” 

includes port fuel injection. A new technology type ending in “C1” was added in 

NONROAD2008a to account for the 2010 standards for outboard, PWC, and SD/I engines ≤600 

hp. The new technology type “MS4X” designates the 2010 standard for the SD/I high 

performance engines. 
 12 

Table 9. Marine Engine Technology Class and Designations 

Technology Class Differentiation Class Designation 

Type Cycle Fuel System Aftertreatment NONROAD 

2004 

NONROAD 

2005 

NONROAD 

2008a 

Carbureted none M1 MO2C MO2C 

Carburetor Modifications none M5 -- -- 

Carbureted 3- Way Catalyst M6 -- -- 

Indirect Injection none M8 MO2I MO2I 

2-Stroke 

Direct Injection none M9 MO2D MO2D 

Carbureted none M4 MO4C MO4C 

4-Stroke Indirect Injection none -- MO4I MO4I 

Direct Injection none -- MO4D MO4D 

Outboard 

Meets 2010+ standards -- -- MOC1 

Carbureted none M2 MP2C MP2C 

Carburetor Modifications none M14 -- -- 

Carbureted 2- Way Catalyst -- MP2CA MP2CA 

Indirect Injection none -- MP2I MP2I 

2-Stroke 

Direct Injection none -- MP2D MP2D 

Carbureted none M13 MP4C MP4C 

4-Stroke Indirect Injection none -- MP4I MP4I 

Direct Injection none -- MP4D MP4D 

PWC 

Meets 2010+ standards -- -- MPC1 

Carbureted none M3 MS4C MS4C 

4-stroke 

Direct Injection none M10 MS4D MS4D 

SD/I 

≤600 hp 

Meets 2010+ standards -- -- MSC1 

Carbureted none M3 MS4C MS4C 

4-stroke 

Direct Injection none M10 MS4D MS4D 

SD/I 

>600 hp 

Meets 2010+ standards -- -- MS4X 

 Tables 10 and 11 show the HC, NOx, CO, and PM emission rates by power range and 

technology type for outboard and PWC engines, respectively. Table 12 provides the fuel 

consumption estimates by power range and technology type for outboard and PWC engines. 
 13 

Table 10. Outboard Emission Factors [g/bhp-hr] 

Pollutant HP Bin Technology Type 

MO2C MO2I MO2D MO4C MO4I MO4D MOC1 

HC 

0-3 

3-6 

6-11 

11-16 

16-25 

25-40 

40-50 

50-100 

100-175 

175+ 

271.92 

236.73 

201.55 

166.37 

131.18 

126.53 

120.97 

109.11 

109.11 

109.11 

230.39 

200.58 

170.77 

140.96 

111.15 

107.21 

102.50 

92.45 

92.45 

92.45 

38.74 

33.73 

28.72 

23.70 

18.69 

18.03 

15.55 

15.55 

15.55 

15.55 

25.60 

19.09 

12.61 

8.89 

6.17 

5.31 

4.81 

4.69 

4.69 

4.69 

31.77 

23.69 

15.65 

11.03 

7.66 

6.59 

5.97 

5.82 

5.82 

5.82 

19.27 

14.37 

9.49 

6.69 

4.65 

4.00 

3.62 

3.53 

3.53 

3.53 

15.57 

16.49 

11.59 

8.67 

9.32 

7.63 

6.96 

6.88 

6.83 

7.62 

NOx 

0-3 

3-6 

6-11 

11-16 

16-25 

25-40 

40-50 

50-100 

100-175 

175+ 

1.34 

1.34 

1.34 

1.34 

1.34 

1.34 

1.34 

1.34 

1.34 

1.34 

1.96 

1.96 

1.96 

1.96 

1.96 

1.96 

1.96 

1.96 

1.96 

1.96 

4.32 

4.32 

4.32 

4.32 

4.32 

4.32 

4.32 

4.32 

4.32 

4.32 

5.18 

5.18 

5.18 

5.18 

5.18 

5.18 

5.18 

5.18 

5.18 

5.18 

5.44 

5.44 

5.44 

5.44 

5.44 

5.44 

5.44 

5.44 

5.44 

5.44 

5.82 

5.82 

5.82 

5.82 

5.82 

5.82 

5.82 

5.82 

5.82 

5.82 

3.60 

2.69 

4.18 

5.04 

3.21 

4.24 

4.41 

4.03 

3.73 

2.74 

CO 

0-3 

3-6 

6-11 

11-16 

16-25 

25-40 

40-50 

50-100 

100-175 

175+ 

522.44 

357.31 

316.77 

276.23 

240.34 

240.34 

240.34 

240.34 

240.34 

240.34 

443.81 

303.53 

269.10 

234.66 

204.16 

204.16 

204.16 

204.16 

204.16 

204.16 

168.07 

114.95 

101.91 

88.87 

77.32 

77.32 

77.32 

77.32 

77.32 

77.32 

404.36 

265.94 

217.89 

184.91 

153.03 

121.16 

114.51 

114.51 

114.51 

114.51 

442.11 

303.68 

255.64 

222.65 

190.78 

158.91 

152.25 

152.25 

136.58 

140.71 

417.79 

279.37 

231.32 

198.34 

166.46 

134.59 

127.94 

127.94 

120.62 

120.31 

404.36 

265.94 

217.89 

184.91 

153.03 

141.29 

124.74 

125.94 

128.93 

102.09 

PM 

0-3 

3-6 

6-11 

11-16 

16-25 

25-40 

40-50 

50-100 

100-175 

175+ 

5.7 

4.8 

4.1 

3.4 

2.7 

2.6 

2.5 

2.2 

2.2 

2.2 

4.7 

4.1 

3.5 

2.9 

2.3 

2.2 

2.1 

1.9 

1.9 

1.9 

0.33 

0.33 

0.33 

0.30 

0.26 

0.26 

0.22 

0.22 

0.22 

0.22 

0.06 

0.06 

0.06 

0.06 

0.06 

0.06 

0.06 

0.06 

0.06 

0.06 

0.06 

0.06 

0.06 

0.06 

0.06 

0.06 

0.06 

0.06 

0.06 

0.06 

0.06 

0.06 

0.06 

0.06 

0.06 

0.06 

0.06 

0.06 

0.06 

0.06 

0.06 

0.06 

0.06 

0.06 

0.06 

0.06 

0.06 

0.06 

0.06 

0.06 
 14 

Table 11. Personal Watercraft Emission Factors [g/bhp-hr] 

Pollutant HP Bin Technology Type 

MP2C MP2I MP2D MP2CA MP4C MP4I MP4D MPC1 

HC 

0-3 

3-6 

6-11 

11-16 

16-25 

25-40 

40-50 

50-100 

100-175 

175+ 

271.92 

230.19 

188.47 

146.74 

105.02 

105.02 

105.02 

105.02 

105.02 

105.02 

205.35 

173.84 

142.33 

110.82 

79.31 

79.31 

79.31 

79.31 

79.31 

79.31 

60.78 

51.46 

42.13 

32.80 

23.48 

23.48 

23.48 

24.74 

24.37 

15.76 

106.70 

90.32 

73.95 

57.58 

41.21 

41.21 

41.21 

41.21 

41.21 

41.21 

25.84 

15.13 

4.43 

4.43 

4.43 

3.73 

3.73 

3.63 

3.63 

3.63 

31.75 

21.04 

10.33 

10.33 

10.33 

9.63 

9.63 

9.54 

9.54 

9.54 

30.09 

19.38 

8.67 

8.67 

8.67 

7.97 

7.97 

7.88 

7.88 

7.88 

15.57 

16.49 

11.59 

8.67 

9.32 

7.63 

6.96 

6.88 

6.83 

7.62 

NOx 

0-3 

3-6 

6-11 

11-16 

16-25 

25-40 

40-50 

50-100 

100-175 

175+ 

1.08 

1.08 

1.08 

1.08 

1.08 

1.08 

1.08 

1.08 

1.08 

1.08 

1.31 

1.31 

1.31 

1.31 

1.31 

1.31 

1.31 

1.31 

1.31 

1.31 

3.78 

3.78 

3.78 

3.78 

3.78 

3.78 

3.78 

3.78 

3.78 

3.78 

0.27 

0.27 

0.27 

0.27 

0.27 

0.27 

0.27 

0.27 

0.27 

0.27 

1.47 

1.07 

5.98 

5.98 

5.98 

5.98 

5.98 

5.98 

5.98 

5.98 

4.90 

4.90 

4.90 

4.90 

4.90 

4.90 

4.90 

4.90 

4.90 

4.90 

3.55 

3.55 

3.55 

3.55 

3.55 

3.55 

3.55 

3.55 

3.55 

3.55 

3.60 

2.69 

4.18 

5.04 

3.21 

4.24 

4.41 

4.03 

3.73 

2.74 

CO 

0-3 

3-6 

6-11 

11-16 

16-25 

25-40 

40-50 

50-100 

100-175 

175+ 

522.44 

444.63 

366.82 

289.01 

211.20 

211.20 

211.20 

211.20 

211.20 

211.20 

477.03 

405.98 

334.94 

263.89 

192.84 

192.84 

192.84 

193.65 

193.65 

193.65 

231.18 

196.75 

162.32 

127.89 

93.46 

93.46 

93.46 

100.82 

94.68 

85.06 

547.75 

469.94 

392.13 

314.32 

236.51 

236.51 

236.51 

236.51 

236.51 

236.51 

476.96 

401.31 

181.13 

171.94 

162.74 

153.54 

153.54 

153.54 

153.54 

153.54 

476.96 

401.31 

181.13 

171.94 

162.74 

153.54 

153.54 

153.54 

153.54 

153.54 

476.96 

401.31 

181.13 

171.94 

162.74 

153.54 

153.54 

153.54 

153.54 

153.54 

476.96 

401.31 

181.13 

171.94 

162.74 

153.54 

93.46 

153.54 

150.44 

85.06 

PM 

0-3 

3-6 

6-11 

11-16 

16-25 

25-40 

40-50 

50-100 

100-175 

175+ 

5.5 

4.8 

4.1 

3.4 

2.7 

2.6 

2.5 

2.2 

2.2 

2.2 

4.7 

4.1 

3.5 

2.9 

2.3 

2.2 

2.1 

1.9 

1.9 

1.9 

0.33 

0.33 

0.33 

0.30 

0.26 

0.26 

0.22 

0.22 

0.22 

0.22 

2.16 

1.88 

1.61 

1.33 

1.06 

1.02 

0.98 

0.86 

0.86 

0.86 

0.06 

0.06 

0.06 

0.06 

0.06 

0.06 

0.06 

0.06 

0.06 

0.06 

0.06 

0.06 

0.06 

0.06 

0.06 

0.06 

0.06 

0.06 

0.06 

0.06 

0.06 

0.06 

0.06 

0.06 

0.06 

0.06 

0.06 

0.06 

0.06 

0.06 

0.06 

0.06 

0.06 

0.06 

0.06 

0.06 

0.06 

0.06 

0.06 

0.06 
 15 

Table 12. Fuel Consumption Factors for Outboards and PWC [lbs/bhp-hr] 

HP Bin Technology Type 

MO2C 

MP2C, MP2CA 

MO2I 

MP2I 

MO2D 

MP2D 

MO4C 

MP4C 

MO4I, MO4D 

MP4I, MP4D 

MOC1 MPC1 

0-3 

3-6 

6-11 

11-16 

16-25 

25-40 

40-50 

50-100 

100-175 

175+ 

1.803 

1.618 

1.479 

1.387 

1.341 

1.156 

1.110 

1.063 

0.925 

0.832 

1.623 

1.456 

1.332 

1.248 

1.207 

1.040 

0.999 

0.957 

0.832 

0.749 

1.443 

1.295 

1.184 

1.110 

1.073 

0.925 

0.888 

0.851 

0.740 

0.666 

0.925 

0.920 

0.911 

0.906 

0.892 

0.867 

0.832 

0.798 

0.694 

0.624 

0.832 

0.828 

0.820 

0.816 

0.803 

0.780 

0.749 

0.718 

0.624 

0.562 

0.925 

0.920 

0.911 

0.906 

0.892 

0.867 

0.832 

0.773 

0.682 

0.635 

0.925 

0.920 

0.911 

0.906 

0.892 

0.867 

0.832 

0.798 

0.647 

0.624 

In NONROAD, the pre-controlled technology types for SD/I engines are MS4C for 

carbureted engines and MS4D for direct injection engines. The technology types for the 2010 

controls are MS4X for the high performance engines and MSC1 for the other engines. Table 13 

presents the emission factors and fuel consumption estimates for SD/I engines. 

Table 13. Emissions and Fuel Consumption for Inboard Engines (g/bhp-hr) 

HP Bin Tech Type HC 

g/hp-hr 

CO 

g/hp-hr 

NOx 

g/hp-hr 

PM 

g/hp-hr 

BSFC 

lb/hp-hr 

MS4C 5.88 153.7 5.35 0.06 0.657

MS4D 3.02 71.8 8.48 0.06 0.567 ≤600 hp 

MSC1 1.34 41.0 1.19 0.06 0.567

MS4C 10.31 188.7 6.26 0.06 0.657

MS4D 10.31 154.6 5.07 0.06 0.595 >600 hp 

MS4X 6.39 154.6 5.07 0.06 0.595

Accounting for In-Use Operation

Many nonroad engines operate under transient loads, but the engines are typically tested 

with steady-state tests. For small SI engines (≤25 hp), three studies have compared transient and 

steady-state emissions in SI engines, but they have not found consistent results and, in most 

cases, transient and steady-state have produced equivalent emission factors. [22, 23, 24] At 

present, EPA believes there is not sufficient information to justify an in-use transient adjustment 

factor (TAF) for small SI engines, so the NONROAD model will use emission factors based on 
 16 

unadjusted steady-state test results. Similarly, TAFs are not applied to the zero hour, steadystate emission factors for recreational equipment and SI marine engines. 

For large SI engines >25 hp, based on emission measurements from highway engines 

comparable to uncontrolled large SI engines, transient emission levels are 30 percent higher for 

HC and 45 percent higher for CO relative to steady-state measurements. [17, 25] The 

NONROAD model therefore multiplies steady-state emission factors for SI engines >25 hp by a 

TAF of 1.3 for HC and 1.45 for CO to estimate emission levels during normal, transient 

operation. Test data do not support adjusting NOx emission levels for transient operation and so 

a TAF of 1.0 is used for NOX emissions. Also, the model applies no TAFs for generators, 

pumps, or compressors, since engines in these applications are less likely to experience transient 

operation. A summary of the TAFs used for large SI engines >25 hp is provided in Table 14. 

Table 14. Transient Adjustment Factors (TAFs) for Spark-Ignition Engines >25 hp 

Tech Types HC 

g/hp-hr 

CO 

g/hp-hr 

NOx

g/hp-hr 

PM 

g/hp-hr 

BSFC 

lb/hp-hr 

Pre-control TAFs

Gasoline 1.3 1.45 1.0 1.0 1.0 

LPG 1.3 1.45 1.0 1.0 1.0 

CNG 1.3 1.45 1.0 1.0 1.0 

Phase 1 Control TAFs

Gasoline 1.7 1.7 1.4 1.0 1.0 

LPG 2.9 1.45 1.5 1.0 1.0 

CNG 2.9 1.45 1.5 1.0 1.0 

Phase 2 Control TAFs

Gasoline 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 

LPG 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 

CNG 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 

TAFs are applied to gasoline 2-stroke (G2GT25), gasoline 4-stroke (G4GT25), LPG (LGT25), and CNG (NGT25) 

engines. TAFs are not applied to generator sets, pumps, or air compressors, as these are less likely to experience 

transient operation. 

Technology Distributions

NONROAD accounts for changes in sales fractions and emissions from the advent of 

emission standards or other changes by assigning technology groups to each Source 

Classification Code (SCC). Each technology group has its own emission factors as described 
 17 

above, and the fraction of the population assigned to each group can change over time. The 

exhaust technology fractions by year are contained in an input file in NONROAD called techexh.dat. 

The regulations previously discussed for the SI engine categories are expected to 

influence the sales fraction of various technology types and the emission rates of those 

technologies. These anticipated changes are described in the regulatory support documents for 

the rulemakings and were used directly in NONROAD2008a. 

The technology fractions by SCC in tech-exh.dat are provided in Appendix B. 

Carbon Dioxide Emission Factors

Emission factors for CO2 are rarely measured; instead, they typically are calculated based

on brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC). The NONROAD model uses BSFC to compute 

CO2 emissions directly, as shown in the equation below. The carbon that goes to exhaust HC 

emissions is subtracted. This does not require a CO2 emission factors input file. 

 CO2 = (BSFC * 453.6* - HC) * 0.87 * (44/12)

where 

CO2 is in g/hp-hr 

BSFC is the fuel consumption in lb/hp-hr 

453.6 is the conversion factor from pounds to grams 

HC is the in-use adjusted hydrocarbon emissions in g/hp-hr 

0.87 is the carbon mass fraction of diesel 

44/12 is the ratio of CO2 mass to carbon mass 

Sulfur Dioxide Emission Factors

 Sulfur dioxide emissions are rarely measured. Instead, they typically are calculated from 

fuel consumption and fuel sulfur content. We have retained this approach for the NONROAD 

model. Sulfur dioxide emission factors for gasoline engines are calculated using the following 

equation: 
 18 

SO2 = (BSFC * 453.6* (1 - soxcnv) - HC) * 0.01 * soxbas * 2 

where 

SO2 is in g/hp-hr 

BSFC is the fuel consumption in lb/hp-hr 

453.6 is the conversion factor from pounds to grams 

soxcnv is the fraction of fuel sulfur converted to direct PM (soxcnv = 0.03 for 

gasoline engines) 

HC is the in-use adjusted hydrocarbon emissions in g/hp-hr 

0.01 is the conversion factor from weight percent to weight fraction 

soxbas is the episodic weight percent of sulfur in the fuel (default value for 

gasoline is 0.0339) 

2 is the grams of SO2 formed from a gram of sulfur 

The calculation for CNG/LPG engines is similar, with an average default fuel sulfur 

weight percent (soxbas) of 0.008 and the same sulfur conversion rate (soxcnv = 0.03). 

The SO2 emission factors are calculated based on the default fuel sulfur contents listed 

here. NONROAD users may use the model interface to adjust the fuel sulfur content without 

changing the input files. 

Crankcase Emissions

Crankcase emissions are those emissions that escape from the combustion chamber past 

the piston rings into the crankcase of four-stroke spark-ignition engines. Crankcase emissions 

from 2-stroke engines do not exist due to the free flow of gases from the crankcase to the 

combustion chamber in these engines. EPA Phase I regulations require closed crankcases for all 

1997 and later spark-ignition engines under 19 kilowatts (25 hp), so these are assumed to have 

zero crankcase emissions.[26] Also, all 4-stroke engines used in marine vessels are assumed to 

have closed crankcases, including inboard, sterndrive, and 4-stroke outboards. In addition, 4-

stroke engines in recreational equipment meeting Phase 1 or later controls have zero crankcase 

emissions. There are also some pre-control 4-stroke engines with closed crankcases used in 

recreational equipment (identified in NONROAD as technology types with the extension “40”). 

All other gasoline 4-stroke equipment are assumed to have open crankcases, except lawn and 

garden equipment produced prior to 1997. NONROAD uses the estimate that 21 percent of pre1997 lawn and garden equipment have open crankcases. In addition, the model assumes that all 

compression ignition diesel engines have crankcase emissions. 

It should be noted that the final Nonroad Diesel Engine Tier 4 Rule assumes zero 

crankcase emissions for Tier 4 nonroad engines, and this is reflected in all the model versions 

starting with draft NONROAD2004. 

Crankcase Emissions: Sources of Values Used in NONROAD
 19 

Due to lack of any other sources of crankcase emission data, the final NONROAD2008a 

model uses the crankcase emission factors from NEVES for all engines produced without closed 

crankcases. NEVES uses data from on-highway engines to estimate nonroad crankcase emission 

rates. Using the NEVES data, NONROAD assumes the crankcase HC emission factor is equal 

to 33% of the exhaust HC emission factor for 4-stroke engines with open crankcases. For diesel 

engines with open crankcases, NONROAD assumes the HC emission factor is equal to 2.0% of 

the exhaust HC emission factor. These percentages are applied to the final calculated exhaust 

emission factors, so the resulting crankcase emission factors include the same percentage 

deterioration as used for exhaust HC. 

Although NEVES also provides diesel crankcase emission factors for CO (0.2% of 

exhaust CO) and NOx (0.05% of exhaust NOx), there is no provision within NONROAD for 

modeling these since they are so small. Comments are welcome regarding the need for inclusion 

of CO and NOx crankcase emissions either within the model or as a manual addition to the 

exhaust estimates produced by the model. 
 20 

References

[1] “Control of Emissions From Nonroad Spark-Ignition Engines and Equipment; Final Rule,” 

73 FR 59034, October 8, 2008. 

[2] “Nonroad Engine and Vehicle Emission Study” (NEVES), U.S. EPA, Office of Air and 

Radiation, 21A-2001, November, 1991. 

[3] “Documentation of Input Factors for the New Off-Road Mobile Source Emissions Inventory 

Model,” (“Inputs...”) Energy and Environmental Analysis, Inc. for California Air Resources 

Board, February, 1997. 

[4] OFFROAD2007 Model and Supporting Documentation. Available online at 

http://www.arb.ca.gov/msei/offroad/offroad.htm. 

[5] “Documentation of the OMS Small Gasoline Engine Spreadsheet System, Final Technical 

Memorandum,” Dan Bowman, TRC Environmental Corporation, August 1995. 

[6] “Emissions for New Nonroad Spark-Ignition Engines At or Below 19 Kilowatts; Final 

Rule,” 60 FR 34581, July 3, 1995. 

[7] “Phase 2: Emission Standards for New Nonroad Nonhandheld Spark Ignition Engines At or 

Below 19 Kilowatts,” Amendments to 40 CFR Part 90, March 1999. 

[8] “Phase 2: Emission Standards for New Nonroad Spark-Ignition Handheld Engines At or 

Below 19 Kilowatts and Minor Amendments to Emission Requirements Applicable to Small 

Spark-Ignition Engines and Marine Spark-Ignition Engines; Final Rule,” 65 FR 24268, April 25, 

2000. 

[9] “Final Rule for New Gasoline Spark-Ignition Marine Engines; Exemptions for New Nonroad 

Compression-Ignition Engines at or Above 37 Kilowatts and New Nonroad Spark-Ignition 

Engines at or Below 19 Kilowatts,” 61 FR 52088, October 4, 1996. 

[10] “Control of Emissions From Nonroad Large Spark-Ignition Engines and Recreational 

Engines (Marine and Land-Based); Final Rule,” 67 FR 68241, November 8, 2002. 

[11] “Control of Emissions From Nonroad Spark-Ignition Engines and Equipment; Final Rule,” 

73 FR 59034, October 8, 2008. 

[12] “Final Regulatory Impact Analysis, Phase 2: Emission Standards for New Nonroad 

Nonhandheld Spark-Ignition Engines At or Below 19 Kilowatts,” U.S. EPA, EPA420-R-99-003, 

March 1999. 

[13] “Updates to Phase 2 Technology Mix, Emission Factors, and Deterioration Rates for SparkIgnition Nonroad Nonhandheld Engines at or below 19 Kilowatts for the NONROAD Emissions 
 21 

Inventory Model,” Memo from Phil Carlson to Docket EPA-HQ-OAR-2004-0008, March 6, 

2007. Docket Document EPA-HQ-OAR-2004-0008-0543. 

[14] “Phase 3 Technology Mix, Emission Factors, and Deterioration Rates for Spark-Ignition 

Nonroad Nonhandheld Engines at or below 19 Kilowatts for the NONROAD Emissions 

Inventory Model for the Final Rule,” Memo from Phil Carlson to Docket EPA-HQ-OAR-2004-

0008, May 21, 2008. Docket Document EPA-HQ-OAR-2004-0008-0842. 

[15] “Final Regulatory Impact Analysis, Phase 2 Final Rule: Emission Standards for New 

Nonroad Handheld Spark-Ignition Engines At or Below 19 Kilowatts,” U.S. EPA, EPA420-R00-004, March 2000. 

[16] “Final Regulatory Impact Analysis, Control of Emissions from Marine SI and Small SI 

Engines, Vessels, and Equipment,” U.S. EPA, EPA420-R-08-014, September 2008. 

[17] “Final Regulatory Support Document: Control of Emissions from Unregulated Nonroad 

Engines,” U.S. EPA, EPA420-R-02-022, September 2002. 

[18] “Emission Modeling for Recreational Vehicles,” EPA Memorandum from Linc Wehrly to 

Docket A-98-01, EPA420-F-00-051, November 13, 2000. 

[19] “Updates to Technology Mix, Emissions Factors, Deterioration Rates, Power Distribution, 

and Fuel Consumption Estimates for SI Marine Engines in the NONROAD Emissions Inventory 

Model,” Memo from Mike Samulski to Docket OAR-2004-0008, November 30, 2005. 

[20] “Regulatory Impact Analysis: Control of Air Pollution Emission Standards for New 

Spark-Ignition Marine Engines,” U.S. EPA, October, 1996. 

[21] “Revisions to the June 2000 Release of NONROAD to Reflect New Information and 

Analysis on Marine and Industrial Engines,” EPA Memorandum from Mike Samulski to Docket 

A-98-01, Docket Item IV-8-1, November 2, 2000. 

[22] “Emissions Analysis of Small Utility Engines.” Sun, X., et al. SAE paper 952080. 1995. 

[23] “Emissions from 4-Cycle Walk-Behind-Mower Engines: Test Cycle Effects.” Gabele, 

Peter. SAE Paper 972793. 1997 

[24] “Transient versus steady-state test procedure evaluation of 4-cycle utility engines,” 

Carpenter, T., Buszkiewicz, T., Trimble, T. EPA regulation negotiation test procedure task 

group, November, 1994. EPA Air Docket A-93-29, Docket Item II-M-27 and AFinal Report - 

Handheld Subgroup of the Test Procedure Task Group", EPA Air Docket A-93-29, Docket Item 

II-M-40. 
 22 

[25] “Regulatory Analysis and Environmental Impact of Final Emission Regulations for 1984 

and Later Model Year Heavy Duty Engines,” p. 189, U.S. EPA, Docket A-2000-01, December 

1979. 

[26] Federal Register: July 3, 1995 (Volume 60, Number 127), Page 34581-34657, "Control of 

Air Pollution; Emission Standards for New Nonroad Spark-ignition Engines At or Below 19 

Kilowatts," and Code of Federal Regulations 40 CFR 90.109 "Requirement of 

certification--closed crankcase." 
A1

Appendix A 

Cross-Inventory Comparison of SI Emission Factors

Comparing emission factors between inventory models (NEVES, OFFROAD, EPA’s 

Small Engine Model) is not straightforward because the different models and inventories use 

different units and different categories in distinguishing emission factors. To compare the 

factors, all factors were converted to list emission factors in g/hp-hr by engine type, application 

and horsepower. This conversion required mapping both the ARB horsepower groups and the 

Small Engine Model’s displacement classes to the horsepower groups used by the NONROAD 

model (see Tables A1 and A2). It was also necessary to combine the Small Engine Model’s 

overhead-valve and side-valve categories into a single category by using a sales-weighted 

average, using the sales mix listed in Table A3. 

 

Table A1. Mapping of small engine groupings used in the Small Engine Model and ARB’s 

OFFROAD model to the small engine groupings used in the NONROAD model 

Small Engine Model 

Class/Displacement 

ARB Power 

Range 

NONROAD 

Power Range

NONROAD 

source classification 

Non-Handheld, I 

<225 cc 

2-5 hp 3-6 hp All engines except 2-stroke 

trimmers/edgers/cutters, chainsaws, 

leafblowers, and snowblowers 

Non-Handheld, II 

>225 cc 

5-15 hp 

15-25 hp 

6-16 hp 

16-25 hp 

All engines except 2-stroke 

trimmers/edgers/cutters, chainsaws, 

leafblowers, and snowblowers 

Handheld, III 

0-20 cc 

≤ 2 hp 0-1 hp All engines 

Handheld, IV 

20-50 cc 

≤ 2 hp 1-3 hp All engines 

Handheld, V 

>50 cc 

 2-15 hp 3-6 hp All 2-stroke trimmers/edgers/cutters, 

chainsaws, leafblowers, and 

snowblowers 
A2

Table A2. Mapping of large engine groupings used in ARB’s OFFROAD model to the large 

engine groupings used in the NONROAD model. 

ARB hp range NONROAD hp Range 

5-15 6-11 & 11-16 

15-25 16-25 

25-50 25-50 

50-120 50-100 

120-175 100-175 

175-250 175-250 

250-500 250-500 

500-750 500-750 

750-9999 750-3000+ 
A3

Table A3. Sales Mix for Small Engine Model, Pre-control [1] 

Sales Mix 

2-stroke handheld 2-stroke nonhandheld 4-stroke non-handheld, overhead- and side-valve 

Application 

Class 3 Class 4 Class 5 Class 1 Class 2 Class 1 

OHV 

Class 1 SV 

Class 2 OHV 

Class 2 SV 

Lawn Mowers 0.1 0.065 0.835 0.0014Trimmers/ Edgers/ Cutters 

0.0501 0.9173 0.0077 0.0016 0.0231 0.0002

Chain Saws 0.0035 0.6426 0.3539Leaf Blowers/ Vacuums 

0.0528 0.6299 0.2086 0.0007 0.0721 0.0001 0.0359

Generator Sets 0.0017 0.0057 0.2853 0.0551 0.6522Tillers 0.0101 0 0.7938 0.0001 0.196Snowblowers 0.3205 0.3732 0.3063Commercial Turf Equipment 

0.0099 0.04 0.0647 0.3658 0.5196

Rear Engine Riding Mowers 

0.0499 0.1563 0.7939

Lawn & Garden Tractors 

0.0222 0.804 0.0013 0.1725

Pumps 0.0049 0.1421 0.8531All Other Equipment 

0.0974 0.0024 0.0375 0.4064 0.0081 0.4482

[1]”Documentation of the OMS Small Gasoline Engine Spreadsheet System, Final Technical Memorandum” TRCorporation for U.S. EPA Air and Energy Research Laboratory. August 1995. 
B1

Appendix B 

Technology Groups and Distributions by Year 

NONROAD accounts for changes in sales fractions and emissions from the advent of 

emission standards or other changes by assigning technology groups to each Source 

Classification Code (SCC). (SCC descriptions are given in NR-006e.) Each technology group 

has its own emission factor and the fraction of the population assigned to each group can change 

over time. The exhaust “technology fractions” are contained in an input file in NONROAD 

called tech-exh.dat. A sample record for 4-stroke lawnmowers might show a shift in engine 

sales from side-valve engines (Tech Group 1) to overhead valve engines (Tech Group 2) as 

illustrated in Table B1, which shows side-valve engines declining from 90% of sales in 1991 to 

50% of sales in 1997. 

Table B1. Sample Technology Fractions 

SCC/Year Horsepower 

Range 

Tech 

group/fraction 

Tech 

group/fraction 

2260004010 3-6 hp 1 2 

1990 0.90 0.10 

1997 0.50 0.50 

Each technology group has an associated emission factor given in the emission factor 

input file for that pollutant. This emission factor can change with time. For example, CO 

emissions from Technology Group 1 (side-valve engines) might decrease from 819 g/hp-hr for 

model year engines 1990 through 1996 to 387 g/hp-hr for model years 1997 and later as shown 

in Table B2. The year listed in the emission factor input file is the first year in which the new 

emission factor applies. 

Table B2. Sample Emission Factors 

SCC/Year Horsepower 

Range 

Technology 

group/emissions 

Units Pollutant 

2265004010 3-6 hp 1 g/hp-hr CO 

1990 819 

2265004010 3-6 hp 1 g/hp-hr CO 

1997 387 
B2

 For pre-controlled engines, the only technology groups currently identified are those 

used to combine SCCs for spark-ignition engines <25 hp as described in NR-006e. Technology 

groups primarily will be used for engines subject to emissions regulations. The regulations 

discussed in the main body of this report (for small SI engines ≤25 hp and SI recreational marine 

engines) are expected to influence the sales fraction of various technology types and the 

emission rates of those technologies. The technology types meeting the new standards (with 

appropriately lower emission factors) then gain market share during the appropriate model years 

which represent the start year of the regulations. These anticipated changes are described in 

EPA’s rulemakings. 

Table B3 provides a list and description of the SI technology groups used in final 

NONROAD2008a. Table B4 contains the technology fractions in tech-exh.dat. 

If new emission factors are developed for other parts of the inventory (e.g., larger SI 

engines) to reflect distinctions between different engine technologies with different emission 

levels, then appropriate technology groups, technology fractions, and emission factors will be 

added to the model. Similarly, appropriate emission factors will be added to the model if new 

emission standards are implemented. 

Table B3. Spark-Ignition Technologies in the Final NONROAD2008a Model 

Engine Tech 

Type Code 

SI Engine Category Description 

G2GT25 Large SI > 25hp Gasoline, 2-stroke, Baseline 

G4GT25 Large SI > 25hp Gasoline, 4-stroke, Baseline 

G4GT251 Large SI > 25hp Gasoline, 4-stroke, Phase 1 

G4GT252 Large SI > 25hp Gasoline, 4-stroke, Phase 2 

LGT25 Large SI > 25hp Liquid Petroleum Gas, Baseline 

LGT251 Large SI > 25hp Liquid Petroleum Gas, Phase 1 

LGT252 Large SI > 25hp Liquid Petroleum Gas, Phase 2 

NGT25 Large SI > 25hp Compressed Natural Gas, Baseline 

NGT251 Large SI > 25hp Compressed Natural Gas, Phase 1 

NGT252 Large SI > 25hp Compressed Natural Gas, Phase 2 

G2H3 Small SI ≤ 25hp Gasoline, 2-stroke, handheld Class III (<20cc), Baseline 

G2H31 Small SI ≤ 25hp Gasoline, 2-stroke, handheld Class III (<20cc), Phase 1 

G2H3C1 Small SI ≤ 25hp Gasoline, 2-stroke, handheld Class III (<20cc), Phase 1 with 

catalyst 

 
B3

Table B3. Spark-Ignition Technologies in the Final NONROAD2008a Model 

Engine Tech 

Type Code 

SI Engine Category Description 

G4H31 Small SI ≤ 25hp Not used 

G2H32 Small SI ≤ 25hp Not used 

G2H3C2 Small SI ≤ 25hp Gasoline, 2-stroke, handheld Class III (<20cc), Phase 2 with 

catalyst 

G4H32 Small SI ≤ 25hp Not used 

G2H4 Small SI ≤ 25hp Gasoline, 2-stroke, handheld Class IV (≥20cc and <50cc), Baseline 

G2H4C Small SI ≤ 25hp Not used 

G4H4 Small SI ≤ 25hp Not used 

G2H41 Small SI ≤ 25hp Gasoline, 2-stroke, handheld Class IV (≥20cc and <50cc), Phase 1 

G2H4C1 Small SI ≤ 25hp Gasoline, 2-stroke, handheld Class IV (≥20cc and <50cc), Phase 1 

with catalyst 

G4H41 Small SI ≤ 25hp Gasoline, 4-stroke, handheld Class IV (≥20cc and <50cc), Phase 1 

G2H42 Small SI ≤ 25hp Not used 

G2H4C2 Small SI ≤ 25hp Gasoline, 2-stroke, handheld Class IV (≥20cc and <50cc), Phase 2 

with catalyst 

G4H42 Small SI ≤ 25hp Gasoline, 4-stroke, handheld Class IV (≥20cc and <50cc), Phase 2 

G2H5 Small SI ≤ 25hp Gasoline, 2-stroke, handheld Class V (≥50cc), Baseline 

G2H5C Small SI ≤ 25hp Not used 

G2H51 Small SI ≤ 25hp Gasoline, 2-stroke, handheld Class V (≥50cc), Phase 1 

G2H5C1 Small SI ≤ 25hp Gasoline, 2-stroke, handheld Class V (≥50cc), Phase 1 with catalyst 

G2H52 Small SI ≤ 25hp Gasoline, 2-stroke, handheld Class V (≥50cc), Phase 2 

G2H5C2 Small SI ≤ 25hp Not used 

G2N1 Small SI ≤ 25hp Gasoline, 2-stroke, nonhandheld Class I (<225cc), Baseline 

G4N1O Small SI ≤ 25hp Gasoline, 4-stroke, overhead-valve, nonhandheld Class I (<225cc), 

Baseline 

G4N1S Small SI ≤ 25hp Gasoline, 4-stroke, side-valve, nonhandheld Class I (<225cc), 

Baseline 

G4N1O1 Small SI ≤ 25hp Gasoline, 4-stroke, overhead-valve, nonhandheld Class I (<225cc), 

Phase 1 

 
B4

Table B3. Spark-Ignition Technologies in the Final NONROAD2008a Model 

Engine Tech 

Type Code 

SI Engine Category Description 

G4N1S1 Small SI ≤ 25hp Gasoline, 4-stroke, side-valve, nonhandheld Class I (<225cc), 

Phase 1 

G4N1O2 Small SI ≤ 25hp Gasoline, 4-stroke, overhead-valve, nonhandheld Class I (<225cc), 

Phase 2 

G4N1S2 Small SI ≤ 25hp Gasoline, 4-stroke, side-valve, nonhandheld Class I (<225cc), 

Phase 2 

G4N1O3 Small SI ≤ 25hp Gasoline, 4-stroke, overhead-valve, nonhandheld Class I (<225cc), 

Phase 3 

G4N1S3 Small SI ≤ 25hp Gasoline, 4-stroke, side-valve, nonhandheld Class I (<225cc), 

Phase 3 

G2N2 Small SI ≤ 25hp Gasoline, 2-stroke, nonhandheld Class II (≥225cc), Baseline 

G4N2O Small SI ≤ 25hp Gasoline, 4-stroke, overhead-valve, nonhandheld Class II (≥225cc), 

Baseline 

G4N2S Small SI ≤ 25hp Gasoline, 4-stroke, side-valve, nonhandheld Class II (≥225cc), 

Baseline 

G4N2O1 Small SI ≤ 25hp Gasoline, 4-stroke, overhead-valve, nonhandheld Class II (≥225cc), 

Phase 1 

G4N2S1 Small SI ≤ 25hp Gasoline, 4-stroke, side-valve, nonhandheld Class II (≥225cc), 

Phase 1 

G4N2O2 Small SI ≤ 25hp Gasoline, 4-stroke, overhead-valve, nonhandheld Class II 

(≥225cc), Phase 2 

G4N2S2 Small SI ≤ 25hp Not used (all Class II Phase 2 engines are overhead-valve) 

G4N23a Small SI ≤ 25hp Gasoline, 4-stroke, side-valve, nonhandheld Class II (≥225cc), 

Phase 3 

G4N23b Small SI ≤ 25hp Not used 

MO2C Recreational Marine Outboard, 2-stroke, carbureted, no aftertreatment 

MO2I Recreational Marine Outboard, 2-stroke, indirect injection, no aftertreatment 

MO2D Recreational Marine Outboard, 2-stroke, direct injection, no aftertreatment 

MO4C Recreational Marine Outboard, 4-stroke, carbureted, no aftertreatment 

MO4I Recreational Marine Outboard, 4-stroke, indirect injection, no aftertreatment 

MO4D Recreational Marine Outboard, 4-stroke, direct injection, no aftertreatment 

MOC1 Recreational Marine Outboard, 2010+ standards 

 
B5

Table B3. Spark-Ignition Technologies in the Final NONROAD2008a Model 

Engine Tech 

Type Code 

SI Engine Category Description 

MP2C Recreational Marine Personal Watercraft, 2-stroke, carbureted, no aftertreatment 

MP2I Recreational Marine Personal Watercraft, 2-stroke, indirect injection, no aftertreatment 

MP2D Recreational Marine Personal Watercraft, 2-stroke, direct injection, no aftertreatment 

MP2CA Recreational Marine Personal Watercraft, 2-stroke, carbureted, 2-way catalyst 

MP4C Recreational Marine Personal Watercraft, 4-stroke, carbureted, no aftertreatment 

MP4I Recreational Marine Personal Watercraft, 4-stroke, indirect injection, no aftertreatment 

MP4D Recreational Marine Personal Watercraft, 4-stroke, direct injection, no aftertreatment 

MPC1 Recreational Marine Personal Watercraft, 2010+ standards 

MS4C Recreational Marine Sterndrive/Inboard, 4-stroke, carbureted, no aftertreatment 

MS4D Recreational Marine Sterndrive/Inboard, 4-stroke, direct injection, no aftertreatment 

MSC1 Recreational Marine Sterndrive/Inboard, 4-stroke, 2010+ standards 

MS4X Recreational Marine Sterndrive/Inboard, ≥600 hp, 4-stroke, 2010+ standards 

RM2 Recreational Equipment Offroad Motorcycles, 2-stroke, Baseline 

RM4 Recreational Equipment Offroad Motorcycles, 4-stroke, Baseline 

RM40 Recreational Equipment Offroad Motorcycles, 4-stroke, closed crankcase, Baseline 

RM41 Recreational Equipment Offroad Motorcycles, 4-stroke, Phase 1 

RS2 Recreational Equipment Snowmobiles, 2-stroke, Baseline 

RS4 Recreational Equipment Snowmobiles, 4-stroke, Baseline (associated only with 4-stroke 

SCC which has zero population) 

RS40 Recreational Equipment Snowmobiles, 4-stroke, closed crankcase, Baseline 

RS21 Recreational Equipment Snowmobiles, 2-stroke, Phase 1 

RS41 Recreational Equipment Snowmobiles, 4-stroke, Phase 1 (associated only with 4-stroke SCC 

which has zero population) 

RS22 Recreational Equipment Snowmobiles, 2-stroke, Phase 2 

RS42 Recreational Equipment Snowmobiles, 4-stroke, Phase 2 (associated only with 4-stroke SCC 

which has zero population) 

RA2 Recreational Equipment All-Terrain Vehicles, 2-stroke, Baseline 

RA4 Recreational Equipment All-Terrain Vehicles, 4-stroke, Baseline

 
B6

Table B3. Spark-Ignition Technologies in the Final NONROAD2008a Model 

Engine Tech 

Type Code 

SI Engine Category Description 

RA40 Recreational Equipment All-Terrain Vehicles, 4-stroke, closed crankcase, Baseline

RA41 Recreational Equipment All-Terrain Vehicles, 4-stroke, Phase 1 

RA42 Recreational Equipment Not used 
 B7

Table B4. Nonroad SI Technology Distributions by SCC and HP Category*

Year SCC HPMin HPMax Fraction of Population in Each Technology Type 

2260000000 25 9999 G2GT25 G4GT251 G4GT252 

1900 1.000 0.000 0.000 2004 0.000 1.000 0.000 2007 0.000 0.000 1.000  2265000000 25 9999 G4GT25 G4GT251 G4GT252 1900 1.000 0.000 0.000 2004 0.000 1.000 0.000 2007 0.000 0.000 1.000  2260000000 0 1 G2H3 G2H31 G2H3C1 G2H32 G4H31 G2H3C2 G4H32 1900 1.000 0.0000 0.0000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1996 0.500 0.4950 0.0050 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1997 0.000 0.9900 0.0100 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 2002 0.000 0.7425 0.0075 0.000 0.000 0.250 0.000 2003 0.000 0.4950 0.0050 0.000 0.000 0.500 0.000 2004 0.000 0.2475 0.0025 0.000 0.000 0.750 0.000 2005 0.000 0.0000 0.0000 0.000 0.000 1.000 0.000 2006 0.000 0.0000 0.0000 0.000 0.000 1.000 0.000  2260000000 1 3 G2H4 G2H4C G4H4 G2H41 G2H4C1 G4H41 G2H42 1900 1.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1996 0.500 0.000 0.000 0.495 0.005 0.000 0.000 1997 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.990 0.010 0.000 0.000 2002 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.675 0.075 0.000 0.000 2003 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.450 0.050 0.000 0.000 2004 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.225 0.025 0.000 0.000 2005 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 2006 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000  2260000000 3 6 G2H5 G2H5C G2H51 G2H5C1 G2H52 G2H5C2 1900 1.000 0.000 0.0000 0.0000 0.000 0.000 1996 0.500 0.000 0.4950 0.0050 0.000 0.000 1997 0.000 0.000 0.9900 0.0100 0.000 0.000 2002 0.000 0.000 0.9900 0.0100 0.000 0.000 2003 0.000 0.000 0.9900 0.0100 0.000 0.000 
 B8

Table B4. Nonroad SI Technology Distributions by SCC and HP Category*

Year SCC HPMin HPMax Fraction of Population in Each Technology Type 

2004 0.000 0.000 0.7425 0.0075 0.250 0.000 2005 0.000 0.000 0.4950 0.0050 0.500 0.000 2006 0.000 0.000 0.2475 0.0025 0.750 0.000 2007 0.000 0.000 0.0000 0.0000 1.000 0.000 2008 0.000 0.000 0.0000 0.0000 1.000 0.000  2260000000 6 25 G2N2 G4N2O G4N2S G4N2O1 G4N2S1 G4N2O2 G4N2S2 1900 0.005 0.018 0.977 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1996 0.003 0.009 0.488 0.000 0.500 0.000 0.000 1997 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.017 0.983 0.000 0.000 2001 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.008 0.492 0.500 0.000 2002 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.006 0.369 0.625 0.000 2003 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.004 0.246 0.750 0.000 2004 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.002 0.123 0.875 0.000 2005 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1.000 0.000 2011 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.170 0.000 2013 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.070 0.000 2015 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000  2265000000 0 6 G2N1 G4N1O G4N1S G4N1O1 G4N1S1 G4N1O2 G4N1S2 1900 0.180 0.069 0.751 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1996 0.090 0.035 0.375 0.083 0.417 0.000 0.000 1997 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.167 0.833 0.000 0.000 2007 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.097 0.486 0.167 0.250 2008 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.400 0.600 2012 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.020 0.030 2014 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000  2265000000 6 25 G2N2 G4N2O G4N2S G4N2O1 G4N2S1 G4N2O2 G4N2S2 1900 0.005 0.018 0.977 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1996 0.003 0.009 0.488 0.000 0.500 0.000 0.000 1997 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.017 0.983 0.000 0.000 2001 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.008 0.492 0.500 0.000 2002 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.006 0.369 0.625 0.000 2003 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.004 0.246 0.750 0.000 
 B9

Table B4. Nonroad SI Technology Distributions by SCC and HP Category*

Year SCC HPMin HPMax Fraction of Population in Each Technology Type 

2004 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.002 0.123 0.875 0.000 2005 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1.000 0.000 2011 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.170 0.000 2013 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.070 0.000 2015 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000  2260001010 0 9999 RM2 RM41 1900 1.000 0.000 2006 0.760 0.240 2007 0.530 0.470 2008 0.490 0.510 2009 0.460 0.540  2265001010 0 9999 RM4 RM40 RM41 1900 1.000 0.000 0.000 1999 0.667 0.333 0.000 2001 0.333 0.667 0.000 2003 0.000 1.000 0.000 2006 0.000 0.560 0.440 2007 0.000 0.120 0.880 2008 0.000 0.060 0.940 2009 0.000 0.000 1.000  2260001020 0 9999 RS2 RS21 RS22 RS40 1900 1.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 2005 0.860 0.000 0.070 0.070 2006 0.530 0.300 0.085 0.085 2007 0.200 0.600 0.100 0.100 2010 0.200 0.300 0.350 0.150 2012 0.100 0.200 0.500 0.200  2265001020 0 9999 RS4 RS40 RS41 RS42 1900 1.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1999 0.667 0.333 0.000 0.000 2001 0.333 0.667 0.000 0.000 2003 0.000 1.000 0.000 0.000 
 B10

Table B4. Nonroad SI Technology Distributions by SCC and HP Category*

Year SCC HPMin HPMax Fraction of Population in Each Technology Type 

2006 0.000 0.000 1.000 0.000 2010 0.000 0.000 0.000 1.000  2260001030 0 9999 RA2 RA41 RA42 1900 1.000 0.000 0.000 2006 0.650 0.350 0.000 2007 0.300 0.700 0.000 2008 0.150 0.850 0.000 2009 0.000 1.000 0.000  2265001030 0 9999 RA4 RA40 RA41 RA42 1900 1.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1999 0.667 0.333 0.000 0.000 2001 0.333 0.667 0.000 0.000 2003 0.000 1.000 0.000 0.000 2006 0.000 0.500 0.500 0.000 2007 0.000 0.000 1.000 0.000  2265004010 0 6 G2N1 G4N1O G4N1S G4N1O1 G4N1S1 G4N1O2 G4N1S2 1900 0.050 0.070 0.880 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1996 0.025 0.035 0.440 0.052 0.448 0.000 0.000 1997 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.104 0.896 0.000 0.000 2007 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.097 0.486 0.167 0.250 2008 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.400 0.600 2012 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.020 0.030 2014 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000  2265004011 0 6 G2N1 G4N1O G4N1S G4N1O1 G4N1S1 G4N1O2 G4N1S2 1900 0.150 0.060 0.790 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1996 0.075 0.030 0.395 0.072 0.429 0.000 0.000 1997 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.143 0.857 0.000 0.000 2007 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.097 0.486 0.167 0.250 2008 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.400 0.600 2012 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.020 0.030 2014 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 
 B11

Table B4. Nonroad SI Technology Distributions by SCC and HP Category*

Year SCC HPMin HPMax Fraction of Population in Each Technology Type 

 2265004015 0 6 G2N1 G4N1O G4N1S G4N1O1 G4N1S1 G4N1O2 G4N1S2 1900 0.000 0.000 1.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1996 0.000 0.000 0.500 0.005 0.495 0.000 0.000 1997 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.010 0.990 0.000 0.000 2007 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.097 0.486 0.167 0.250 2008 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.400 0.600 2012 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.020 0.030 2014 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000  2260004020 6 9999 G2H5 G2H5C G2H51 G2H5C1 G2H52 G2H5C2 1900 1.000 0.000 0.0000 0.0000 0.000 0.000 1996 0.500 0.000 0.4950 0.0050 0.000 0.000 1997 0.000 0.000 0.9900 0.0100 0.000 0.000 2002 0.000 0.000 0.9900 0.0100 0.000 0.000 2003 0.000 0.000 0.9900 0.0100 0.000 0.000 2004 0.000 0.000 0.7425 0.0075 0.250 0.000 2005 0.000 0.000 0.4950 0.0050 0.500 0.000 2006 0.000 0.000 0.2475 0.0025 0.750 0.000 2007 0.000 0.000 0.0000 0.0000 1.000 0.000 2008 0.000 0.000 0.0000 0.0000 1.000 0.000  2260004021 6 9999 G2H5 G2H5C G2H51 G2H5C1 G2H52 G2H5C2 1900 1.000 0.000 0.0000 0.0000 0.000 0.000 1996 0.500 0.000 0.4950 0.0050 0.000 0.000 1997 0.000 0.000 0.9900 0.0100 0.000 0.000 2002 0.000 0.000 0.9900 0.0100 0.000 0.000 2003 0.000 0.000 0.9900 0.0100 0.000 0.000 2004 0.000 0.000 0.7425 0.0075 0.250 0.000 2005 0.000 0.000 0.4950 0.0050 0.500 0.000 2006 0.000 0.000 0.2475 0.0025 0.750 0.000 2007 0.000 0.000 0.0000 0.0000 1.000 0.000 2008 0.000 0.000 0.0000 0.0000 1.000 0.000  2260004025 0 1 G2H3 G2H31 G2H3C1 G2H32 G4H31 G2H3C2 G4H32 1900 1.000 0.0000 0.0000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 
 B12

Table B4. Nonroad SI Technology Distributions by SCC and HP Category*

Year SCC HPMin HPMax Fraction of Population in Each Technology Type 

1996 0.500 0.4950 0.0050 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1997 0.000 0.9900 0.0100 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 2002 0.000 0.7425 0.0075 0.000 0.000 0.250 0.000 2003 0.000 0.4950 0.0050 0.000 0.000 0.500 0.000 2004 0.000 0.2475 0.0025 0.000 0.000 0.750 0.000 2005 0.000 0.0000 0.0000 0.000 0.000 1.000 0.000 2006 0.000 0.0000 0.0000 0.000 0.000 1.000 0.000  2260004025 1 3 G2H4 G2H4C G4H4 G2H41 G2H4C1 G4H41 G2H42 1900 1.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1996 0.500 0.000 0.000 0.490 0.005 0.005 0.000 1997 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.980 0.010 0.010 0.000 1998 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.972 0.010 0.018 0.000 2002 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.675 0.075 0.000 0.000 2003 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.450 0.050 0.000 0.000 2004 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.225 0.025 0.000 0.000 2005 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 2006 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000  2265004025 3 6 G2N1 G4N1O G4N1S G4N1O1 G4N1S1 G4N1O2 G4N1S2 1900 0.000 0.063 0.936 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1996 0.000 0.032 0.468 0.037 0.463 0.000 0.000 1997 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.073 0.927 0.000 0.000 2007 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.097 0.486 0.167 0.250 2008 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.400 0.600 2012 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.020 0.030 2014 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000  2265004025 6 25 G2N2 G4N2O G4N2S G4N2O1 G4N2S1 G4N2O2 G4N2S2 1900 0.000 0.000 1.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1996 0.000 0.000 0.500 0.000 0.500 0.000 0.000 1997 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1.000 0.000 0.000 2001 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.500 0.500 0.000 2002 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.375 0.625 0.000 2003 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.250 0.750 0.000 
 B13

Table B4. Nonroad SI Technology Distributions by SCC and HP Category*

Year SCC HPMin HPMax Fraction of Population in Each Technology Type 

2004 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.125 0.875 0.000 2005 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1.000 0.000 2011 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.170 0.000 2013 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.070 0.000 2015 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000  2260004026 0 1 G2H3 G2H31 G2H3C1 G2H32 G4H31 G2H3C2 G4H32 1900 1.000 0.0000 0.0000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1996 0.500 0.4950 0.0050 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1997 0.000 0.9900 0.0100 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 2002 0.000 0.7425 0.0075 0.000 0.000 0.250 0.000 2003 0.000 0.4950 0.0050 0.000 0.000 0.500 0.000 2004 0.000 0.2475 0.0025 0.000 0.000 0.750 0.000 2005 0.000 0.0000 0.0000 0.000 0.000 1.000 0.000 2006 0.000 0.0000 0.0000 0.000 0.000 1.000 0.000  2260004026 1 3 G2H4 G2H4C G4H4 G2H41 G2H4C1 G4H41 G2H42 1900 1.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1996 0.500 0.000 0.000 0.490 0.005 0.005 0.000 1997 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.980 0.010 0.010 0.000 1998 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.972 0.010 0.018 0.000 2002 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.675 0.075 0.000 0.000 2003 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.450 0.050 0.000 0.000 2004 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.225 0.025 0.000 0.000 2005 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 2006 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000  2265004026 3 6 G2N1 G4N1O G4N1S G4N1O1 G4N1S1 G4N1O2 G4N1S2 1900 0.000 0.063 0.936 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1996 0.000 0.032 0.468 0.037 0.463 0.000 0.000 1997 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.073 0.927 0.000 0.000 2007 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.097 0.486 0.167 0.250 2008 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.400 0.600 2012 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.020 0.030 
 B14

Table B4. Nonroad SI Technology Distributions by SCC and HP Category*

Year SCC HPMin HPMax Fraction of Population in Each Technology Type 

2014 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000  2265004026 6 25 G2N2 G4N2O G4N2S G4N2O1 G4N2S1 G4N2O2 G4N2S2 1900 0.000 0.000 1.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1996 0.000 0.000 0.500 0.000 0.500 0.000 0.000 1997 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1.000 0.000 0.000 2001 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.500 0.500 0.000 2002 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.375 0.625 0.000 2003 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.250 0.750 0.000 2004 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.125 0.875 0.000 2005 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1.000 0.000 2011 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.170 0.000 2013 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.070 0.000 2015 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000  2265004030 0 6 G2N1 G4N1O G4N1S G4N1O1 G4N1S1 G4N1O2 G4N1S2 1900 0.000 0.010 0.990 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1996 0.000 0.005 0.495 0.010 0.490 0.000 0.000 1997 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.019 0.981 0.000 0.000 2007 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.097 0.486 0.167 0.250 2008 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.400 0.600 2012 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.020 0.030 2014 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000  2265004030 6 25 G2N2 G4N2O G4N2S G4N2O1 G4N2S1 G4N2O2 G4N2S2 1900 0.000 0.000 1.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1996 0.000 0.000 0.500 0.000 0.500 0.000 0.000 1997 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.002 0.998 0.000 0.000 2001 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.499 0.500 0.000 2002 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.375 0.625 0.000 2003 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.250 0.750 0.000 2004 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.125 0.875 0.000 2005 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1.000 0.000 2011 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.170 0.000 2013 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.070 0.000 
 B15

Table B4. Nonroad SI Technology Distributions by SCC and HP Category*

Year SCC HPMin HPMax Fraction of Population in Each Technology Type 

2015 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000  2265004031 0 6 G2N1 G4N1O G4N1S G4N1O1 G4N1S1 G4N1O2 G4N1S2 1900 0.000 0.010 0.990 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1996 0.000 0.005 0.495 0.010 0.490 0.000 0.000 1997 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.019 0.981 0.000 0.000 2007 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.097 0.486 0.167 0.250 2008 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.400 0.600 2012 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.020 0.030 2014 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000  2265004031 6 25 G2N2 G4N2O G4N2S G4N2O1 G4N2S1 G4N2O2 G4N2S2 1900 0.000 0.000 1.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1996 0.000 0.000 0.500 0.000 0.500 0.000 0.000 1997 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.002 0.998 0.000 0.000 2001 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.499 0.500 0.000 2002 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.375 0.625 0.000 2003 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.250 0.750 0.000 2004 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.125 0.875 0.000 2005 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1.000 0.000 2011 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.170 0.000 2013 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.070 0.000 2015 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000  2260004035 0 6 G2N1 G4N1O G4N1S 1900 0.600 0.080 0.320  2260004035 6 25 G2N2 G4N2O G4N2S 1900 0.000 0.200 0.800  2260004036 0 6 G2N1 G4N1O G4N1S 1900 0.600 0.080 0.320  2260004036 6 25 G2N2 G4N2O G4N2S 1900 0.000 0.200 0.800  2265004035 0 6 G2N1 G4N1O G4N1S 1900 0.600 0.080 0.320  2265004035 6 25 G2N2 G4N2O G4N2S 
 B16

Table B4. Nonroad SI Technology Distributions by SCC and HP Category*

Year SCC HPMin HPMax Fraction of Population in Each Technology Type 

1900 0.000 0.200 0.800  2265004036 0 6 G2N1 G4N1O G4N1S 1900 0.600 0.080 0.320  2265004036 6 25 G2N2 G4N2O G4N2S 1900 0.000 0.200 0.800  2265004040 0 6 G2N1 G4N1O G4N1S G4N1O1 G4N1S1 G4N1O2 G4N1S2 1900 0.000 0.000 1.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1996 0.000 0.000 0.500 0.005 0.495 0.000 0.000 1997 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.010 0.990 0.000 0.000 2007 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.097 0.486 0.167 0.250 2008 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.400 0.600 2012 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.020 0.030 2014 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000  2265004040 6 25 G2N2 G4N2O G4N2S G4N2O1 G4N2S1 G4N2O2 G4N2S2 1900 0.000 0.164 0.836 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1996 0.000 0.082 0.418 0.082 0.418 0.000 0.000 1997 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.164 0.836 0.000 0.000 2001 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.082 0.418 0.500 0.000 2002 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.062 0.313 0.625 0.000 2003 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.041 0.209 0.750 0.000 2004 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.020 0.105 0.875 0.000 2005 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1.000 0.000 2011 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.170 0.000 2013 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.070 0.000 2015 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000  2265004041 0 6 G2N1 G4N1O G4N1S G4N1O1 G4N1S1 G4N1O2 G4N1S2 1900 0.000 0.000 1.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1996 0.000 0.000 0.500 0.005 0.495 0.000 0.000 1997 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.010 0.990 0.000 0.000 2007 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.097 0.486 0.167 0.250 2008 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.400 0.600 2012 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.020 0.030 
 B17

Table B4. Nonroad SI Technology Distributions by SCC and HP Category*

Year SCC HPMin HPMax Fraction of Population in Each Technology Type 

2014 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000  2265004041 6 25 G2N2 G4N2O G4N2S G4N2O1 G4N2S1 G4N2O2 G4N2S2 1900 0.000 0.164 0.836 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1996 0.000 0.082 0.418 0.082 0.418 0.000 0.000 1997 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.164 0.836 0.000 0.000 2001 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.082 0.418 0.500 0.000 2002 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.062 0.313 0.625 0.000 2003 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.041 0.209 0.750 0.000 2004 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.020 0.105 0.875 0.000 2005 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1.000 0.000 2011 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.170 0.000 2013 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.070 0.000 2015 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000  2265004055 0 6 G2N1 G4N1O G4N1S G4N1O1 G4N1S1 G4N1O2 G4N1S2 1900 0.000 0.027 0.973 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1996 0.000 0.013 0.487 0.018 0.481 0.000 0.000 1997 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.037 0.963 0.000 0.000 2007 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.097 0.486 0.167 0.250 2008 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.400 0.600 2012 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.020 0.030 2014 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000  2265004055 6 25 G2N2 G4N2O G4N2S G4N2O1 G4N2S1 G4N2O2 G4N2S2 1900 0.000 0.007 0.993 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1996 0.000 0.003 0.497 0.003 0.497 0.000 0.000 1997 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.007 0.993 0.000 0.000 2001 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.003 0.497 0.500 0.000 2002 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.002 0.373 0.625 0.000 2003 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.249 0.750 0.000 2004 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.125 0.875 0.000 2005 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1.000 0.000 2011 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.170 0.000 2013 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.070 0.000 
 B18

Table B4. Nonroad SI Technology Distributions by SCC and HP Category*

Year SCC HPMin HPMax Fraction of Population in Each Technology Type 

2015 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000  2265004056 0 6 G2N1 G4N1O G4N1S G4N1O1 G4N1S1 G4N1O2 G4N1S2 1900 0.000 0.027 0.973 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1996 0.000 0.013 0.487 0.018 0.481 0.000 0.000 1997 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.037 0.963 0.000 0.000 2007 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.097 0.486 0.167 0.250 2008 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.400 0.600 2012 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.020 0.030 2014 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000  2265004056 6 25 G2N2 G4N2O G4N2S G4N2O1 G4N2S1 G4N2O2 G4N2S2 1900 0.000 0.007 0.993 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1996 0.000 0.003 0.497 0.003 0.497 0.000 0.000 1997 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.007 0.993 0.000 0.000 2001 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.003 0.497 0.500 0.000 2002 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.002 0.373 0.625 0.000 2003 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.249 0.750 0.000 2004 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.125 0.875 0.000 2005 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1.000 0.000 2011 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.170 0.000 2013 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.070 0.000 2015 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000  2265004071 0 6 G2N1 G4N1O G4N1S G4N1O1 G4N1S1 G4N1O2 G4N1S2 1900 0.086 0.349 0.565 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1996 0.043 0.175 0.282 0.199 0.301 0.000 0.000 1997 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.398 0.602 0.000 0.000 2007 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.097 0.486 0.167 0.250 2008 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.400 0.600 2012 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.020 0.030 2014 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000  2265004071 6 25 G2N2 G4N2O G4N2S G4N2O1 G4N2S1 G4N2O2 G4N2S2 1900 0.000 0.413 0.587 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1996 0.000 0.207 0.293 0.000 0.500 0.000 0.000 
 B19

Table B4. Nonroad SI Technology Distributions by SCC and HP Category*

Year SCC HPMin HPMax Fraction of Population in Each Technology Type 

1997 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.413 0.587 0.000 0.000 2001 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.206 0.294 0.500 0.000 2002 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.155 0.220 0.625 0.000 2003 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.104 0.146 0.750 0.000 2004 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.052 0.073 0.875 0.000 2005 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1.000 0.000 2011 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.170 0.000 2013 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.070 0.000 2015 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000  2265005040 6 25 G2N2 G4N2O G4N2S G4N2O1 G4N2S1 G4N2O2 G4N2S2 1900 0.000 0.000 1.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1996 0.000 0.000 0.500 0.000 0.500 0.000 0.000 1997 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1.000 0.000 0.000 2001 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.500 0.500 0.000 2002 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.375 0.625 0.000 2003 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.250 0.750 0.000 2004 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.125 0.875 0.000 2005 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1.000 0.000 2011 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.170 0.000 2013 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.070 0.000 2015 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000  2265006005 0 6 G2N1 G4N1O G4N1S G4N1O1 G4N1S1 G4N1O2 G4N1S2 1900 0.006 0.020 0.974 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1996 0.003 0.010 0.487 0.016 0.484 0.000 0.000 1997 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.032 0.968 0.000 0.000 2007 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.097 0.486 0.167 0.250 2008 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.400 0.600 2012 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.020 0.030 2014 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000  2265006005 6 25 G2N2 G4N2O G4N2S G4N2O1 G4N2S1 G4N2O2 G4N2S2 1900 0.000 0.078 0.922 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1996 0.000 0.039 0.461 0.039 0.461 0.000 0.000 
 B20

Table B4. Nonroad SI Technology Distributions by SCC and HP Category*

Year SCC HPMin HPMax Fraction of Population in Each Technology Type 

1997 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.078 0.922 0.000 0.000 2001 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.039 0.461 0.500 0.000 2002 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.030 0.345 0.625 0.000 2003 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.020 0.230 0.750 0.000 2004 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.010 0.115 0.875 0.000 2005 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1.000 0.000 2011 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.170 0.000 2013 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.070 0.000 2015 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000  2265006010 0 6 G2N1 G4N1O G4N1S G4N1O1 G4N1S1 G4N1O2 G4N1S2 1900 0.000 0.000 1.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1996 0.000 0.000 0.500 0.005 0.495 0.000 0.000 1997 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.010 0.990 0.000 0.000 2007 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.097 0.486 0.167 0.250 2008 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.400 0.600 2012 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.020 0.030 2014 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000  2265006010 6 25 G2N2 G4N2O G4N2S G4N2O1 G4N2S1 G4N2O2 G4N2S2 1900 0.000 0.143 0.857 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1996 0.000 0.072 0.428 0.072 0.428 0.000 0.000 1997 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.143 0.857 0.000 0.000 2001 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.071 0.429 0.500 0.000 2002 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.053 0.322 0.625 0.000 2003 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.035 0.215 0.750 0.000 2004 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.017 0.108 0.875 0.000 2005 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1.000 0.000 2011 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.170 0.000 2013 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.070 0.000 2015 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000  2260007005 6 9999 G2H5 G2H5C G2H51 G2H5C1 G2H52 G2H5C2 1900 1.000 0.000 0.0000 0.0000 0.000 0.000 1996 0.500 0.000 0.4950 0.0050 0.000 0.000 
 B21

Table B4. Nonroad SI Technology Distributions by SCC and HP Category*

Year SCC HPMin HPMax Fraction of Population in Each Technology Type 

1997 0.000 0.000 0.9900 0.0100 0.000 0.000 2002 0.000 0.000 0.9900 0.0100 0.000 0.000 2003 0.000 0.000 0.9900 0.0100 0.000 0.000 2004 0.000 0.000 0.7425 0.0075 0.250 0.000 2005 0.000 0.000 0.4950 0.0050 0.500 0.000 2006 0.000 0.000 0.2475 0.0025 0.750 0.000 2007 0.000 0.000 0.0000 0.0000 1.000 0.000 2008 0.000 0.000 0.0000 0.0000 1.000 0.000  2265010010 0 6 G2N1 G4N1O G4N1S G4N1O1 G4N1S1 G4N1O2 G4N1S2 1900 0.180 0.069 0.751 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1996 0.090 0.035 0.375 0.083 0.417 0.000 0.000 1997 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.167 0.833 0.000 0.000 2007 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.097 0.486 0.167 0.250 2008 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.400 0.600 2012 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.020 0.030 2014 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000  2267000000 25 9999 LGT25 LGT251 LGT252 1900 1.000 0.000 0.000 2004 0.000 1.000 0.000 2007 0.000 0.000 1.000  2268000000 25 9999 NGT25 NGT251 NGT252 1900 1.000 0.000 0.000 2004 0.000 1.000 0.000 2007 0.000 0.000 1.000  2282005010 0 3 MO2C MO2I MO2D MO4C MO4I MO4D MOC1 1900 0.900 0.000 0.000 0.100 0.000 0.000 0.000 1998 1.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1999 0.620 0.000 0.000 0.380 0.000 0.000 0.000 2000 0.673 0.000 0.000 0.327 0.000 0.000 0.000 2001 0.601 0.000 0.000 0.399 0.000 0.000 0.000 2002 0.350 0.000 0.000 0.650 0.000 0.000 0.000 2003 0.104 0.000 0.000 0.896 0.000 0.000 0.000 
 B22

Table B4. Nonroad SI Technology Distributions by SCC and HP Category*

Year SCC HPMin HPMax Fraction of Population in Each Technology Type 

2004 0.088 0.000 0.000 0.912 0.000 0.000 0.000 2005 0.104 0.000 0.000 0.896 0.000 0.000 0.000 2006 0.100 0.000 0.000 0.900 0.000 0.000 0.000 2010 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1.000  2282005010 3 6 MO2C MO2I MO2D MO4C MO4I MO4D MOC1 1900 0.957 0.000 0.000 0.043 0.000 0.000 0.000 1997 0.870 0.000 0.000 0.130 0.000 0.000 0.000 1998 0.707 0.000 0.000 0.293 0.000 0.000 0.000 1999 0.730 0.000 0.000 0.270 0.000 0.000 0.000 2000 0.596 0.000 0.000 0.404 0.000 0.000 0.000 2001 0.547 0.000 0.000 0.453 0.000 0.000 0.000 2002 0.463 0.000 0.000 0.537 0.000 0.000 0.000 2003 0.443 0.000 0.000 0.557 0.000 0.000 0.000 2004 0.554 0.000 0.000 0.446 0.000 0.000 0.000 2005 0.386 0.000 0.000 0.614 0.000 0.000 0.000 2006 0.400 0.000 0.000 0.600 0.000 0.000 0.000 2010 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1.000  2282005010 6 11 MO2C MO2I MO2D MO4C MO4I MO4D MOC1 1900 0.957 0.000 0.000 0.043 0.000 0.000 0.000 1997 0.870 0.000 0.000 0.130 0.000 0.000 0.000 1998 0.710 0.000 0.000 0.290 0.000 0.000 0.000 1999 0.672 0.000 0.000 0.328 0.000 0.000 0.000 2000 0.523 0.000 0.000 0.477 0.000 0.000 0.000 2001 0.169 0.000 0.000 0.831 0.000 0.000 0.000 2002 0.269 0.000 0.000 0.731 0.000 0.000 0.000 2003 0.222 0.000 0.000 0.778 0.000 0.000 0.000 2004 0.185 0.000 0.000 0.815 0.000 0.000 0.000 2005 0.157 0.000 0.000 0.843 0.000 0.000 0.000 2006 0.150 0.000 0.000 0.850 0.000 0.000 0.000 2010 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1.000  2282005010 11 16 MO2C MO2I MO2D MO4C MO4I MO4D MOC1 1900 0.989 0.000 0.000 0.011 0.000 0.000 0.000 
 B23

Table B4. Nonroad SI Technology Distributions by SCC and HP Category*

Year SCC HPMin HPMax Fraction of Population in Each Technology Type 

1998 0.732 0.000 0.000 0.268 0.000 0.000 0.000 1999 0.802 0.000 0.000 0.198 0.000 0.000 0.000 2000 0.546 0.000 0.000 0.454 0.000 0.000 0.000 2001 0.124 0.000 0.000 0.876 0.000 0.000 0.000 2002 0.203 0.000 0.000 0.797 0.000 0.000 0.000 2003 0.282 0.000 0.000 0.718 0.000 0.000 0.000 2004 0.240 0.000 0.000 0.760 0.000 0.000 0.000 2005 0.132 0.000 0.000 0.868 0.000 0.000 0.000 2006 0.150 0.000 0.000 0.850 0.000 0.000 0.000 2010 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1.000  2282005010 16 25 MO2C MO2I MO2D MO4C MO4I MO4D MOC1 1900 0.989 0.000 0.000 0.011 0.000 0.000 0.000 1998 0.928 0.000 0.000 0.072 0.000 0.000 0.000 1999 0.866 0.000 0.000 0.134 0.000 0.000 0.000 2000 0.720 0.000 0.000 0.280 0.000 0.000 0.000 2001 0.748 0.000 0.000 0.252 0.000 0.000 0.000 2002 0.678 0.000 0.000 0.322 0.000 0.000 0.000 2003 0.535 0.000 0.000 0.465 0.000 0.000 0.000 2004 0.295 0.000 0.000 0.705 0.000 0.000 0.000 2005 0.406 0.000 0.000 0.594 0.000 0.000 0.000 2006 0.300 0.000 0.000 0.700 0.000 0.000 0.000 2010 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1.000  2282005010 25 40 MO2C MO2I MO2D MO4C MO4I MO4D MOC1 1900 1.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1998 0.688 0.000 0.000 0.312 0.000 0.000 0.000 1999 0.794 0.000 0.000 0.206 0.000 0.000 0.000 2000 0.569 0.000 0.000 0.431 0.000 0.000 0.000 2001 0.421 0.000 0.000 0.579 0.000 0.000 0.000 2002 0.385 0.000 0.000 0.566 0.049 0.000 0.000 2003 0.515 0.000 0.000 0.396 0.089 0.000 0.000 2004 0.390 0.000 0.000 0.368 0.242 0.000 0.000 2005 0.267 0.000 0.000 0.532 0.201 0.000 0.000 
 B24

Table B4. Nonroad SI Technology Distributions by SCC and HP Category*

Year SCC HPMin HPMax Fraction of Population in Each Technology Type 

2006 0.250 0.000 0.000 0.500 0.250 0.000 0.000 2010 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1.000  2282005010 40 50 MO2C MO2I MO2D MO4C MO4I MO4D MOC1 1900 1.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1998 0.945 0.000 0.000 0.055 0.000 0.000 0.000 1999 0.758 0.000 0.000 0.242 0.000 0.000 0.000 2000 0.460 0.000 0.001 0.249 0.000 0.290 0.000 2001 0.689 0.000 0.019 0.155 0.000 0.137 0.000 2002 0.615 0.000 0.051 0.181 0.000 0.153 0.000 2003 0.566 0.000 0.029 0.299 0.000 0.106 0.000 2004 0.645 0.000 0.000 0.125 0.000 0.230 0.000 2005 0.412 0.000 0.026 0.127 0.000 0.435 0.000 2006 0.400 0.000 0.050 0.150 0.000 0.400 0.000 2010 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1.000  2282005010 50 75 MO2C MO2I MO2D MO4C MO4I MO4D MOC1 1900 1.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1998 0.791 0.000 0.000 0.156 0.000 0.054 0.000 1999 0.785 0.000 0.000 0.067 0.000 0.148 0.000 2000 0.639 0.000 0.000 0.145 0.000 0.216 0.000 2001 0.460 0.000 0.000 0.456 0.000 0.084 0.000 2002 0.362 0.000 0.000 0.423 0.179 0.037 0.000 2003 0.384 0.000 0.000 0.439 0.127 0.051 0.000 2004 0.197 0.000 0.000 0.287 0.428 0.088 0.000 2005 0.193 0.000 0.000 0.148 0.405 0.254 0.000 2006 0.200 0.000 0.100 0.000 0.300 0.400 0.000 2010 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1.000  2282005010 75 100 MO2C MO2I MO2D MO4C MO4I MO4D MOC1 1900 1.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1998 1.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1999 0.837 0.000 0.000 0.163 0.000 0.000 0.000 2000 0.519 0.000 0.120 0.362 0.000 0.000 0.000 2001 0.472 0.000 0.085 0.421 0.000 0.022 0.000 
 B25

Table B4. Nonroad SI Technology Distributions by SCC and HP Category*

Year SCC HPMin HPMax Fraction of Population in Each Technology Type 

2002 0.476 0.000 0.069 0.300 0.000 0.155 0.000 2003 0.470 0.000 0.007 0.237 0.000 0.286 0.000 2004 0.275 0.000 0.170 0.207 0.000 0.348 0.000 2005 0.310 0.000 0.114 0.001 0.000 0.575 0.000 2006 0.200 0.000 0.100 0.000 0.300 0.400 0.000 2010 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1.000  2282005010 100 175 MO2C MO2I MO2D MO4C MO4I MO4D MOC1 1900 1.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1997 0.988 0.012 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1998 0.914 0.000 0.086 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1999 0.702 0.029 0.227 0.000 0.000 0.042 0.000 2000 0.622 0.068 0.178 0.000 0.059 0.073 0.000 2001 0.559 0.028 0.202 0.000 0.127 0.084 0.000 2002 0.487 0.050 0.253 0.000 0.102 0.108 0.000 2003 0.390 0.041 0.261 0.000 0.105 0.202 0.000 2004 0.382 0.026 0.055 0.000 0.378 0.159 0.000 2005 0.167 0.004 0.301 0.000 0.037 0.491 0.000 2006 0.150 0.050 0.300 0.000 0.050 0.450 0.000 2010 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1.000  2282005010 175 9999 MO2C MO2I MO2D MO4C MO4I MO4D MOC1 1900 1.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1997 0.967 0.033 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1998 0.740 0.072 0.188 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1999 0.250 0.424 0.326 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 2000 0.338 0.204 0.459 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 2001 0.222 0.150 0.628 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 2002 0.039 0.378 0.449 0.000 0.072 0.062 0.000 2003 0.005 0.308 0.487 0.000 0.200 0.000 0.000 2004 0.026 0.106 0.583 0.000 0.243 0.042 0.000 2005 0.004 0.259 0.595 0.000 0.142 0.000 0.000 2006 0.000 0.250 0.600 0.000 0.150 0.000 0.000 2010 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1.000 
 B26

Table B4. Nonroad SI Technology Distributions by SCC and HP Category*

Year SCC HPMin HPMax Fraction of Population in Each Technology Type 

 2282005015 0 3 MP2C MP2I MP2D MP2CA MP4C MP4I MP4D 1900 1.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 2001 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1.000 0.000 0.000 2010 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000  2282005015 3 6 MP2C MP2I MP2D MP2CA MP4C MP4I MP4D 1900 1.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 2002 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1.000 0.000 0.000 2010 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000  2282005015 6 11 MP2C MP2I MP2D MP2CA MP4C MP4I MP4D 1900 1.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 2003 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1.000 0.000 0.000 2010 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000  2282005015 11 16 MP2C MP2I MP2D MP2CA MP4C MP4I MP4D 1900 1.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 2005 0.800 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.200 0.000 0.000 2006 0.600 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.400 0.000 0.000 2010 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000  2282005015 16 25 MP2C MP2I MP2D MP2CA MP4C MP4I MP4D 1900 0.218 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.782 0.000 0.000 2005 0.200 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.800 0.000 0.000 2010 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000  2282005015 25 40 MP2C MP2I MP2D MP2CA MP4C MP4I MP4D 1900 1.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1999 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1.000 0.000 0.000 2000 0.640 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.360 0.000 0.000 2001 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1.000 0.000 0.000 2002 0.017 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.983 0.000 0.000 2003 0.019 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.981 0.000 0.000 2010 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000  2282005015 40 50 MP2C MP2I MP2D MP2CA MP4C MP4I MP4D 1900 1.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 2005 1.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 
 B27

Table B4. Nonroad SI Technology Distributions by SCC and HP Category*

Year SCC HPMin HPMax Fraction of Population in Each Technology Type 

2006 0.700 0.000 0.300 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 2010 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000  2282005015 50 75 MP2C MP2I MP2D MP2CA MP4C MP4I MP4D 1900 1.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1999 0.991 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.009 0.000 0.000 2000 0.932 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.068 0.000 0.000 2001 0.928 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.072 0.000 0.000 2002 0.976 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.024 0.000 0.000 2003 0.906 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.094 0.000 0.000 2004 1.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 2005 1.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 2006 0.900 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.100 0.000 0.000 2010 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000  2282005015 75 100 MP2C MP2I MP2D MP2CA MP4C MP4I MP4D 1900 1.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1999 0.394 0.606 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 2000 0.803 0.197 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 2001 0.770 0.230 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 2002 0.700 0.150 0.150 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 2003 0.720 0.219 0.061 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 2004 0.541 0.459 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 2005 0.340 0.660 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 2006 0.300 0.600 0.100 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 2010 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000  2282005015 100 175 MP2C MP2I MP2D MP2CA MP4C MP4I MP4D 1900 1.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1999 0.957 0.000 0.043 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 2000 0.655 0.000 0.229 0.116 0.000 0.000 0.000 2001 0.496 0.000 0.242 0.262 0.000 0.000 0.000 2002 0.343 0.000 0.245 0.149 0.000 0.072 0.191 2003 0.137 0.000 0.336 0.037 0.000 0.192 0.299 2004 0.174 0.000 0.055 0.000 0.000 0.455 0.316 
 B28

Table B4. Nonroad SI Technology Distributions by SCC and HP Category*

Year SCC HPMin HPMax Fraction of Population in Each Technology Type 

2005 0.059 0.000 0.036 0.000 0.000 0.068 0.837 2006 0.050 0.000 0.050 0.000 0.000 0.050 0.850 2010 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000  2282005015 175 9999 MP2C MP2I MP2D MP2CA MP4C MP4I MP4D 1900 1.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 2000 0.480 0.520 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 2001 0.588 0.300 0.112 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 2002 0.000 0.686 0.314 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 2003 0.000 0.500 0.500 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 2004 0.000 0.863 0.137 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 2005 0.000 0.690 0.310 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 2006 0.000 0.700 0.300 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 2010 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000  2282010005 0 50 MS4C MS4D MSC1 1900 1.000 0.000 0.000 2010 0.100 0.000 0.900 2011 0.000 0.000 1.000  2282010005 50 100 MS4C MS4D MSC1 1900 1.000 0.000 0.000 2004 0.917 0.083 0.000 2005 0.833 0.167 0.000 2006 0.750 0.250 0.000 2007 0.667 0.333 0.000 2008 0.583 0.417 0.000 2010 0.050 0.050 0.900 2011 0.000 0.000 1.000  2282010005 100 175 MS4C MS4D MSC1 1900 1.000 0.000 0.000 2004 0.917 0.083 0.000 2005 0.833 0.167 0.000 2006 0.750 0.250 0.000 2007 0.667 0.333 0.000 
 B29

Table B4. Nonroad SI Technology Distributions by SCC and HP Category*

Year SCC HPMin HPMax Fraction of Population in Each Technology Type 

2008 0.583 0.417 0.000 2010 0.300 0.300 0.400 2011 0.000 0.000 1.000  2282010005 175 300 MS4C MS4D MSC1 1900 1.000 0.000 0.000 1996 0.900 0.100 0.000 1997 0.800 0.200 0.000 1998 0.700 0.300 0.000 1999 0.600 0.400 0.000 2000 0.562 0.439 0.000 2001 0.523 0.477 0.000 2002 0.485 0.516 0.000 2003 0.446 0.554 0.000 2004 0.388 0.612 0.000 2005 0.331 0.669 0.000 2006 0.273 0.727 0.000 2007 0.215 0.785 0.000 2008 0.158 0.842 0.000 2010 0.010 0.090 0.900 2011 0.000 0.000 1.000  2282010005 300 600 MS4C MS4D MSC1 1900 1.000 0.000 0.000 1995 0.900 0.100 0.000 1996 0.800 0.200 0.000 1997 0.700 0.300 0.000 1998 0.600 0.400 0.000 1999 0.500 0.500 0.000 2000 0.375 0.625 0.000 2001 0.250 0.750 0.000 2002 0.125 0.875 0.000 2003 0.000 1.000 0.000 2010 0.000 0.250 0.750 
 B30

Table B4. Nonroad SI Technology Distributions by SCC and HP Category*

Year SCC HPMin HPMax Fraction of Population in Each Technology Type 

2011 0.000 0.000 1.000  2282010005 600 9999 MS4C MS4D MS4X 1900 1.000 0.000 0.000 1995 0.900 0.100 0.000 1996 0.800 0.200 0.000 1997 0.700 0.300 0.000 1998 0.600 0.400 0.000 1999 0.500 0.500 0.000 2010 0.150 0.580 0.270 2011 0.150 0.150 0.700 2013 0.000 0.000 1.000  2285004015 0 6 G2N1 G4N1O G4N1S G4N1O1 G4N1S1 G4N1O2 G4N1S2 1900 0.180 0.069 0.751 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1996 0.090 0.035 0.375 0.083 0.417 0.000 0.000 1997 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.167 0.833 0.000 0.000 2007 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.097 0.486 0.167 0.250 2008 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.400 0.600 2012 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.020 0.030 2014 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000  2285004015 6 25 G2N2 G4N2O G4N2S G4N2O1 G4N2S1 G4N2O2 G4N2S2 1900 0.005 0.018 0.977 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1996 0.003 0.009 0.488 0.000 0.500 0.000 0.000 1997 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.017 0.983 0.000 0.000 2001 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.008 0.492 0.500 0.000 2002 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.006 0.369 0.625 0.000 2003 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.004 0.246 0.750 0.000 2004 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.002 0.123 0.875 0.000 2005 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1.000 0.000 2011 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.170 0.000 2013 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.070 0.000 2015 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000  2285004015 25 9999 G4GT25 G4GT251 G4GT252 
 B31

Table B4. Nonroad SI Technology Distributions by SCC and HP Category*

Year SCC HPMin HPMax Fraction of Population in Each Technology Type 

1900 1.000 0.000 0.000 2004 0.000 1.000 0.000 2007 0.000 0.000 1.000  2285006015 25 9999 LGT25 LGT251 LGT252 1900 1.000 0.000 0.000 2004 0.000 1.000 0.000 2007 0.000 0.000 1.000  2285008015 25 9999 NGT25 NGT251 NGT252 1900 1.000 0.000 0.000 2004 0.000 1.000 0.000 2007 0.000 0.000 1.000 

* Taken from tech-exh.dat input file.