§ 5443 TITLE 22—FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE Page 1190

ment courses to more specialized assistance in

commercial banking and the creation of a stock

market.

(c) Grants to States

In carrying out this section, the Administrator may make grants to States to provide

scholarship assistance for undergraduate or

graduate degree programs, and training programs of one year or longer, in study areas related to the critical development needs of Poland and Hungary.

(d) Consultation with States

The Administrator shall consult with the participating States with regard to the educational

opportunities available within each State and

on the assignment of scholarship recipients.

(e) Federal share

The Federal share for each year for which a

State receives payments under this section shall

not be more than 50 percent.

(f) Non-Federal share

The non-Federal share of payments under this

section may be in cash, including the waiver of

tuition or the offering of in-State tuition or

housing waivers or subsidies, or in-kind fairly

evaluated, including the provision of books or

supplies.

(g) Forgiveness of scholarship assistance

The obligation of any recipient to reimburse

any entity for any or all scholarship assistance

provided under this section shall be forgiven

upon the recipient’s prompt return to Poland or

Hungary, as the case may be, for a period which

is at least one year longer than the period spent

studying in the United States with scholarship

assistance.

(h) Private sector participation

To the maximum extent practicable, each participating State shall enlist the assistance of

the private sector to enable the State to meet

the non-Federal share of payments under this

section. Wherever appropriate, each participating State shall encourage the private sector to

offer internships or other opportunities consistent with the purposes of this section to students

receiving scholarships under this section.

(i) Funding

Grants to States pursuant to this section shall

be made with funds made available to carry out

chapter 1 of part I of the Foreign Assistance Act

of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2151 and following; relating to

development assistance) or chapter 4 of part II

of that Act (22 U.S.C. 2346 and following; relating to the economic support fund). In addition

to amounts otherwise available for such purpose

under those chapters, there are authorized to be

appropriated $10,000,000 for the 3-year period beginning October 1, 1989, for use in carrying out

this section.

(j) Restrictions not applicable

Prohibitions on the use of foreign assistance

funds for assistance for Poland and Hungary

shall not apply with respect to the funds made

available to carry out this section.

(k) ‘‘State’’ defined

As used in this section, the term ‘‘State’’

means each of the several States, the District of

Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico,

Guam, American Samoa, the Virgin Islands, the

Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, and the

Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands.

(Pub. L. 101–179, title IV, §402, Nov. 28, 1989, 103

Stat. 1315.)

REFERENCES IN TEXT

The Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, referred to in subsec. (i), is Pub. L. 87–195, Sept. 4, 1961, 75 Stat. 424, as

amended. Chapter 1 of part I and chapter 4 of part II of

the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 are classified generally to part I (§2151 et seq.) of subchapter I and part IV

(§2346 et seq.) of subchapter II, respectively, of chapter

32 of this title. For provisions deeming references to

part I of subchapter I to include a reference to section

2293 of this title, see section 2293(d)(1) of this title. For

complete classification of this Act to the Code, see

Short Title note set out under section 2151 of this title

and Tables.

TERMINATION OF TRUST TERRITORY OF THE PACIFIC

ISLANDS

For termination of Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, see note set out preceding section 1681 of Title

48, Territories and Insular Possessions.

§ 5443. Science and technology exchange with Poland and Hungary

(a) Agreement with Poland

There are authorized to be appropriated to the

Secretary of State for purposes of continuing to

implement the 1987 United States-Polish science

and technology agreement—

(1) $1,500,000 for fiscal year 1990,

(2) $2,000,000 for fiscal year 1991, and

(3) $2,000,000 for fiscal year 1992.

(b) Agreement with Hungary

There are authorized to be appropriated to the

Secretary of State for purposes of implementing

the 1989 United States-Hungarian science and

technology agreement—

(1) $500,000 for fiscal year 1990,

(2) $1,000,000 for fiscal year 1991, and

(3) $1,000,000 for fiscal year 1992.

(c) Definition of agreements being funded

For purposes of this section—

(1) the term ‘‘1987 United States-Polish

science and technology agreement’’ refers to

the agreement concluded in 1987 by the United

States and Poland, entitled ‘‘Agreement Between the Government of the United States of

America and the Polish People’s Republic on

Cooperation in Science and Technology and

Its Funding’’, together with annexes relating

thereto; and

(2) the term ‘‘1989 United States-Hungarian

science and technology agreement’’ refers to

the agreement concluded in 1989 by the United

States and Hungary, entitled ‘‘Agreement Between the Government of the United States of

America and the Government of the Hungarian People’s Republic for Scientific and Technology Cooperation’’, together with annexes

relating thereto.

(Pub. L. 101–179, title IV, §403, Nov. 28, 1989, 103

Stat. 1316.)
Page 1191 TITLE 22—FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE § 5452

1So in original. Probably should not be capitalized.

SUBCHAPTER IV—OTHER ASSISTANCE

PROGRAMS

§ 5451. Assistance in support of democratic institutions in Poland and Hungary

(a) Authorization of assistance

In addition to amounts otherwise available for

such purposes, there are authorized to be appropriated to carry out chapter 4 of part II of the

Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2346

and following; relating to the economic support

fund) $12,000,000 for the 3-year period beginning

October 1, 1989, which shall be available only for

the support of democratic institutions and activities in Poland and Hungary.

(b) Nonapplicability of other laws

Assistance may be provided under this section

notwithstanding any other provision of law.

(Pub. L. 101–179, title V, §501, Nov. 28, 1989, 103

Stat. 1317.)

REFERENCES IN TEXT

The Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, referred to in subsec. (a), is Pub. L. 87–195, Sept. 4, 1961, 75 Stat. 424, as

amended. Chapter 4 of part II of the Foreign Assistance

Act of 1961 is classified to part IV (§2346 et seq.) of subchapter II of chapter 32 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note

set out under section 2151 of this title and Tables.

§ 5452. Environmental initiatives for Poland and

Hungary

(a) Priority for control of pollution

The Congress recognizes the severe pollution

problems affecting Poland and Hungary and the

serious health problems which ensue from such

pollution. The Congress therefore directs that a

high priority be given in the implementation of

assistance to Poland and Hungary to the control

of pollution and the restoration of the natural

resource base on which a sustainable, healthy

economy depends.

(b) EPA activities generally

In addition to specific authorities contained in

any of the environmental statutes administered

by the Environmental Protection Agency, the

Administrator of that Agency (hereinafter in

this section referred to as the ‘‘Administrator’’)

is authorized to undertake such educational,

policy training, research, and technical and financial assistance, monitoring, coordinating,

and other activities as the Administrator may

deem appropriate, either alone or in cooperation

with other United States or foreign agencies,

governments, or public or private institutions,

in protecting the environment in Poland and

Hungary.

(c) EPA activities in Poland

The Administrator shall cooperate with Polish

officials and experts to—

(1) establish an air quality monitoring network in the Krakow metropolitan area as a

part of Poland’s national air monitoring network; and

(2) improve both water quality and the availability of drinking water in the Krakow metropolitan area.

(d) EPA activities in Hungary

The Administrator shall work with other

United States and Hungarian officials and private parties to establish and support a regional

center in Budapest for facilitating cooperative

environmental activities between governmental

experts and public and private organizations

from the United States and Eastern and Western

Europe.

(e) Funding of EPA activities

To enable the Environmental Protection

Agency to carry out subsections (b), (c), and (d)

of this section, there are authorized to be appropriated $10,000,000 for the 3-year period beginning October 1, 1989, to carry out chapter 1 of

part I of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22

U.S.C. 2151 and following; relating to development assistance) or chapter 4 of Part 1 II of that

Act (22 U.S.C. 2346 and following; relating to the

economic support fund). These funds may be

used to carry out those subsections notwithstanding any provision of law relating to the use

of foreign assistance funds.

(f) Department of Energy activities relating to

fossil fuels

(1) Clean coal

The Secretary of Energy shall cooperate

with Polish officials and experts to retrofit a

coal-fired commercial powerplant in the

Krakow, Poland, region with advanced clean

coal technology that has been successfully

demonstrated at a comparably scaled powerplant in the United States. Such retrofit shall

be carried out by one or more United States

companies using United States technology and

equipment manufactured in the United States.

The Secretary may vest title in any property

acquired under this paragraph in an entity

other than the United States.

(2) Equipment assessment

The Secretary of Energy shall cooperate

with Polish officials and experts and companies within the United States to assess and develop the capability within Poland to manufacture or modify boilers, furnaces, smelters,

or other equipment that will enable industrial

facilities within Poland to use fossil fuels

cleanly. The Secretary may vest title in any

property acquired under this paragraph in an

entity other than the United States.

(3) Authorization of appropriations

To carry out paragraphs (1) and (2) of this

subsection, there are authorized to be appropriated $30,000,000 for the 3-year period beginning October 1, 1989. Not more than $10,000,000

of the funds appropriated under this paragraph

may be used to carry out the requirements of

paragraph (1).

(g) Priority for efficient energy use

In view of the high energy usage per unit of

output in Hungary and Poland, the Secretary of

Energy shall give high priority to assisting officials of Poland and Hungary in improving the efficiency of their energy use, through emphasis

on such measures as efficient motors, lights,

gears, and appliances and improvements in

building insulation and design.