Vehicle Type Package Notes

Small car 106 hp 103 ft-lb 2625 lb 10.8 hp Zero Tech INPUT Heat new content Lost ToIrreversibilities, complete/checked Gearbox, Exhaust & etc. Mass Drag Tires T.C. Coolant do not use Braking / Aero Rolling Trans Access FrictionPumpingInd Eff Second Inertia Load Load Losses Losses Losses Losses Losses Law Check 23% 37% 40% 4.4% 7.2% 7.8% 3.9% 1.6% 6.6% 4.4% 34.0% 30.0% 100.0% 0% 0% 0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% n/a OK 4.4% 7.2% 7.8% 3.9% 1.6% 6.6% 4.4% 34.0% 30% Road load kWh 0.41 0.66 0.71 Indicated Mech BrakeDrivetrainCycle Fuel Road includes some techs EfficiencyEfficiencyEfficiencyEfficiencyEfficiencyEfficiencyLoads 41.2 mpg (combined) 2008 Baseline 36.0% 64.9% 23.4% 83.3% 100.0% 19.5% 100.0% 0.024gal/mi New 36.0% 64.9% 23.4% 83.3% 100.0% 19.5% 100.0% GHG emissions 221 g/mi CO2E assumes no techs Tractive 9.13 kWh 1.78 PMEP Brake 39.8 mpg (unadj) 100.0% Fuel Consumption (GGE/mile)Original friction/brake ratio LossesEfficiency 0.025gal/mi **0.0% FC Reduction vs no-techs**  Based on PMEP/IMEP >>>> 11% 25% GHG emissions 228 g/mi CO2E **0.0%** FE Improvement (mpgge) (GM study) =71.1% mech efficiency 0.0% FE Improvement (mpg) fuel economy39.83mpg (unadj) **-3.4%** GHG reduction vs 2008 Ricardo baseline fuel consumption 0.025gal/mi **0.0%** GHG reduction vs no-techs GHG emissions 228 g/mi CO2E **Independent** % or **User Picklist Devel**  **Technology FC Estimate** * **Loss Category Implementation into estimator** Level **Include? (0/1) Dev status**  **Notes** Vehicle mass reduction 5-6%per 10%Braking/stopped, inertia, rolling resistance 0% 0 Aero Drag Reduction 2.1%per 10%Aero 14.4% aero (cars), 9.5% aero (trucks) 0% 0 Rolling Resistance Reduction 1.5% Rolling 9.5% rolling 0% 0 Low Fric Lubes 0.5% Friction 2% friction 0 EF Reduction Friction **variable% friction** 2 0 4V on 2V Baseline 3.0% Pumping, friction 20.5% pumping, -2.5% fric 0 ICP 2.0% Pumping 13.5% pumping, +0.2% IE, -3.5% fric 0 DCP 4.0%total VVTPumping 23.5% pumping, +0.2% IE, -2.5% fric 0 CCP 4.0%total VVTPumping 23.5% pumping, +0.2% IE, -2.5% fric 0 Deac 6.0% Pumping, friction 30% pumping, -2.5% frict 0 DVVL 4.0% Pumping 27% pumping, -3% friction 0 CVVL 5.0% Pumping 33% pumping, -3% friction 0 Turbo/Downsize (gas engines only) Pumping **variable IE ratio, P, F** 0% 0 5-spd gearbox 2.5% Pumping 6% pumping 0 6-spd gearbox 5.5% Pumping 8% pumping, +0.1% IE 0 8-spd gearbox Pumping 15% pumping, 13% trans, +0.5% IE 0 CVT 6.0% Trans, pumping 41% pumping, -5% trans 0 DCT Wet 6.7% Trans 21% trans (increment) 0 DCT Dry 10.0% Trans 25% trans (increment) 0 Early upshift (formerly**ASL**) 2.0% Pumping 10.5% pumping 0 Optimized shift strategy 5.5% Pumping, IE, friction11% pumping, 11% frict, +0.1% IE 0 Agg TC Lockup 0.5% Trans 2% trans 0 High efficiency gearbox (auto) Trans variable % Trans 25% 0 12V SS (idle off only) 2.0% P,F,trans 3% pumping, 3% friction, 2% trans 0 High voltage SS, with launch (BAS) 7.5% B/I, P, F, trans 11% B/I, 3% P, 3% F, 2% trans 0 Alternator regen on braking **2.0%** Access **10% pumping** 0 included in 12V SS EPS 2.0% Access 22% access 100% 0 included in BAS, hybrids Electric access (12V) 1.5% Access 12% access 0 Electric access (high V) 3.0% Access 42% access 0 High efficiency alternator (70%) Access **15% access** 0 included in BAS GDI (stoich) 1.5% Ind Eff + 0.55% IE 0 GDI (stoich) w/ cooled EGR +1.9% IE, 41% pumping 0 GDI (lean) Ind. Eff, pumping +1.3% IE, 41% pumping 0 Diesel - LNT (2008) 30.0% Ind Eff, P, F, transsee comment 0 **No displacement factor for diesel** Diesel - SCR (2008) 35.0% Ind Eff, P, F, transsee comment Motor kW 0 **No displacement factor for diesel** Hybrid drivetrain (need to select transmission style!) Inertia, trans, acc IE, F, P 0 0 **Need to select trans type (auto or DCT) and gearing** Secondary axle disconnect 1.3% Trans 6% trans 0 Low drag brakes 0.8% Braking/inertia 3.5% B/I 0 Atkinson cycle engine Ind. Eff, - pumping+6% IE, -30% pumping 0 **for use with HEVs only - no displacement scalar** Advanced Diesel (2020) Ind Eff, P, F, transsee comment 0 **Assumes T2B2 emissions level blank**  0 **placeholder Plug-In**  %EV = 50% 0 **0.0%**

**Applied Theor Max** 

**Actual**

Inertia 0.0% 95% 0.0% Aero 0.0% 100% 0.0% Rolling 0.0% 100% 0.0% Trans 0.0% 60% 0.0% Access 0.0% 80% 0.0% Friction 0.0% 50% 0.0% Pumping 0.0% 90% 0.0% Ind Eff % (absolute)36.0% 50% 36.0% fuel economy fuel consumption
**Current package values Current Results**  % of tractive energy Baseline % of fuel Reduction % of NEW fuel

req'd fuel energy **2008 Ricardo baseline values**

**Regressed baseline values** Fuel Economy Fuel Consumption

**Resulting % reductions in loss categories** Pick one max

Pick one max

Pick one max

Pick one max Pick one max

Pick one max Pick one

Additive to trans; Included in P2 

## Vehicle Energy**Effects Estimator**

Gross Indicated Energy Brake Energy Total Engine Friction Road Loads Rated Power Rated Torque ETW 50mph RL**Baseline Regression terms (derived from analysis of 2010 and 2008 simulation data - reference file: Analysis and Regression of 2008-2010 Ricardo nominal runs for LP update.xlsx**

Brake eff regression TC eff regression

Coefficients Coefficients Intercept 0.207831275 Intercept 0.871588357 Torque -0.00027695 torq/pwr 0.107103009 ETW -6.2192E-06 50mph RL 0.008081211 50mph RL 0.00653143 ETW -4.0141E-05 Alt regen+SS0.019809132

Wheel energy regression Access loss regression

Coefficients Coefficients Intercept 0.068252978 Intercept 0.021218141 ETW 0.000239619 Torque -2.0453E-05 50mph RL 0.09988335 ETW -1.3252E-06 Truck (m. fan)0.009956939

**Baseline Ind. Efficiency**  36%

**Baseline vehicle characteristics**

**Vehicle Rated power** **Rated torque ETW**  **50mph RL Alternator**  **Mech fan class**  **hp ft-lb**  **lb hp**  **regen on brake (trucks only)**  2008**Small car** 106 103 2625 10.82 0 0 2008**Standard car** 158 161 3625 11.33 0 0 2008**Large car** 250 250 4000 14.78 0 0 2008**Small MPV** 169 161 4000 15.08 0 0 2008**Large MPV** 205 240 4500 15.84 0 0 2008**Truck** 300 365 6000 22.86 0 1

**(For reference only) Target attributes of 2010 baseline vehicles** (including the following: 6 spd auto, increased trans efficiency, 70% alternator, 12V stop-start, + proper technologies selected for each class such as EPS and VVT) 2010**Small car** 106 103 2625 10.82 1 0 2010**Standard car** 158 161 3625 11.33 1 0 2010**Large car** 250 250 4000 14.78 1 0 2010**Small MPV** 169 161 4000 15.08 1 0 2010**Large MPV** 205 240 4500 15.84 1 0 2010**Truck** 300 365 6000 22.86 1 1

**Baseline road load characteristics - from 2010 snapshot data (rev 24)**

**Inertia Aero**  **Rolling Inertia**  **Aero Rolling**  **Load Load**  **Load Load**  **Load Load**  2010**Small car** 3.9% 8.6% 7.2% 20% 44% 36% 2010**Standard car** 4.8% 6.5% 7.0% 26% 36% 38% % of tractive energy resulting % of fuel2010**Large car** 3.9% 5.8% 8.2% 22% 32% 46%

2010**Small MPV** 4.6% 7.6% 7.8% 23% 38% 39% 2010**Large MPV** 4.4% 6.4% 7.2% 25% 36% 40% 2010**Truck** 3.9% 6.7% 7.5% 22% 37% 41%

**Averages** 4.3% 6.9% 7.5% 23% 37% 40% use these for**ALL**vehicle classes because cannot regress without all ETW, aero and tire specs**Baseline Regression terms (derived from analysis of 2010 and 2008 simulation data - reference file: Analysis and Regression of 2008-2010 Ricardo nominal runs for LP update.xlsx**

Trans efficiencynon-truck truck 2008 87.0% 83.7% used 2008 data for main baselines, and trans losses reduced 7% for 2010 vintages 2010 88.0% 84.7%

Differences are mostly due to individual technologies present on the modeled 2008 baselines (e.g., EPS, DCP, 5-spd auto, etc.)

**2010 Baseline Baseline**  **Base friction Base pumping**  **Base TC Base trans**  **Base D/L Braking/**  **net brake eff access %**  **losses % losses %**  **losses % losses %**  **losses % Stopped**  23.4% 1.6% 6.6% 4.4% 1.0% 2.9% 3.9% 4.5% 21.5% 1.3% 7.9% 5.3% 1.6% 2.6% 4.2% 4.0% 21.0% 1.1% 8.3% 5.6% 1.3% 2.6% 3.9% 4.0% 23.7% 1.3% 6.6% 4.4% 1.5% 2.9% 4.4% 4.4% 21.7% 1.0% 8.0% 5.3% 1.2% 2.7% 3.9% 4.1% 21.9% 1.6% 7.5% 5.0% 1.2% 3.4% 4.6% 4.0%

(including the following: 6 spd auto, increased trans efficiency, 70% alternator, 12V stop-start, + proper technologies selected for each class such as EPS and VVT) 25.3% 1.6% 5.5% 3.6% 1.1% 2.9% 4.0% 4.9% 23.5% 1.3% 6.7% 4.5% 1.7% 2.6% 4.3% 4.4% 23.0% 1.1% 7.1% 4.8% 1.4% 2.6% 4.0% 4.4% 25.7% 1.3% 5.4% 3.6% 1.7% 2.9% 4.5% 4.9% 23.7% 1.0% 6.8% 4.5% 1.3% 2.7% 4.0% 4.5% 23.9% 1.6% 6.3% 4.2% 1.3% 3.5% 4.8% 4.4%because cannot regress without all ETW, aero and tire specsused 2008 data for main baselines, and trans losses reduced 7% for 2010 vintages

Differences are mostly due to individual technologies present on the modeled 2008 baselines (e.g., EPS, DCP, 5-spd auto, etc.)

**No tech 2008**  **baseline Actual**  **Inertia Aero**  **Rolling Net E** **wheel driveline** **E fuel** **comb FE comb FE** Checksum **Load Load**  **Load kWh**  **eff kWh**  **mpg mpg**  8.0% 4.0% 3.0% 1.78 83.3% 9.13 47.7 **41.2** OK 7.1% 3.6% 2.7% 2.07 80.6% 11.95 36.5 **32.0** OK 7.0% 3.5% 2.6% 2.50 81.6% 14.59 29.9 **25.5** OK 7.9% 4.0% 3.0% 2.53 81.3% 13.15 33.2 **28.8** OK 7.3% 3.7% 2.7% 2.73 82.2% 15.32 28.5 **23.1** OK 7.1% 3.6% 2.7% 3.79 79.2% 21.88 19.9 **17.6** OK

8.8% 4.4% 3.3% 1.78 84.3% 8.32 52.4 OK 7.8% 3.9% 2.9% 2.07 81.6% 10.82 40.3 OK 7.8% 3.9% 2.9% 2.50 82.5% 13.19 33.1 OK 8.7% 4.3% 3.2% 2.53 82.3% 11.99 36.3 OK 8.1% 4.0% 3.0% 2.73 83.1% 13.88 31.4 OK 7.8% 3.9% 2.9% 3.79 80.1% 19.84 22.0 OK