§ 455 TITLE 22—FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE Page 218

period of three months the right to enter the

ports or territorial waters of the United States

except in cases of force majeure.

(Nov. 4, 1939, ch. 2, §14, 54 Stat. 11.)

§ 455. General penalty provision

In every case of the violation of any of the

provisions of this subchapter or of any rule or

regulation issued pursuant thereto where a specific penalty is not provided in this subchapter,

such violator or violators, upon conviction,

shall be fined not more than $10,000, or imprisoned not more than two years, or both.

(Nov. 4, 1939, ch. 2, §15, 54 Stat. 11.)

§ 456. Definitions

For the purposes of this subchapter—

(a) The term ‘‘United States’’, when used in a

geographical sense, includes the several States

and Territories, the insular possessions of the

United States, the Canal Zone, and the District

of Columbia.

(b) The term ‘‘person’’ includes a partnership,

company, association, or corporation, as well as

a natural person.

(c) The term ‘‘vessel’’ means every description

of watercraft and aircraft capable of being used

as a means of transportation on, under, or over

water.

(d) The term ‘‘American vessel’’ means any

vessel documented, and any aircraft registered

or licensed, under the laws of the United States.

(e) The term ‘‘state’’ shall include nation, government, and country.

(f) The term ‘‘citizen’’ shall include any individual owing allegiance to the United States, a

partnership, company, or association composed

in whole or in part of citizens of the United

States, and any corporation organized and existing under the laws of the United States as defined in subsection (a) of this section.

(Nov. 4, 1939, ch. 2, §16, 54 Stat. 12; Proc. No. 2695,

July 4, 1946, 11 F.R. 7517, 60 Stat. 1352.)

REFERENCES IN TEXT

For definition of Canal Zone, referred to in subsec.

(a), see section 3602(b) of this title.

CODIFICATION

Words ‘‘(including the Philippine Islands)’’ omitted

from definition of ‘‘United States’’ in subsec. (a) pursuant to the authority of Proc. No. 2695, which granted

independence to the Philippines under the provisions of

section 1394 of this title, and which is set out as a note

under section 1394.

§ 457. Appropriations

There is hereby authorized to be appropriated

from time to time, out of any money in the

Treasury not otherwise appropriated, such

amounts as may be necessary to carry out the

provisions and accomplish the purposes of this

subchapter.

(Nov. 4, 1939, ch. 2, §18, 54 Stat. 12.)

SUBCHAPTER III—PREVENTION OF

OFFENSES AGAINST NEUTRALITY

§ 461. Enforcement by courts; employment of

land or naval forces

The district courts shall take cognizance of all

complaints, by whomsoever instituted, in cases

of captures made within the waters of the

United States, or within a marine league of the

coasts or shores thereof. In every case in which

a vessel is fitted out and armed, or attempted to

be fitted out and armed, or in which the force of

any vessel of war, cruiser, or other armed vessel

is increased or augmented, or in which any military expedition or enterprise is begun or set on

foot, contrary to the provisions and prohibitions

of this subchapter and sections 958 to 962 of title

18; and in every case of the capture of a vessel

within the jurisdiction or protection of the

United States as before defined; and in every

case in which any process issuing out of any

court of the United States is disobeyed or resisted by any person having the custody of any

vessel of war, cruiser, or other armed vessel of

any foreign prince or state, or of any colony,

district, or people, or of any subjects or citizens

of any foreign prince or state, or of any colony,

district, or people, it shall be lawful for the

President or such other person as he shall have

empowered for that purpose, to employ such

part of the land or naval forces of the United

States, or of the militia thereof, for the purpose

of taking possession of and detaining any such

vessel, with her prizes, if any, in order to enforce

the execution of the prohibitions and penalties

of this subchapter and sections 958 to 962 of title

18, and the restoring of such prizes in the cases

in which restoration shall be adjudged; and also

for the purpose of preventing the carrying on of

any such expedition or enterprise from the territory or jurisdiction of the United States against

the territory or dominion of any foreign prince

or state, or of any colony, district, or people

with whom the United States are at peace.

(Mar. 4, 1909, ch. 321, §14, 35 Stat. 1090.)

CODIFICATION

This subchapter and sections 958 to 962 of title 18, referred to in text, was in the original ‘‘this chapter’’,

meaning chapter 2 of the act of Mar. 4, 1909, which had

been classified to sections 461 to 464 of this title and

sections 21 to 25, and 30 of former Title 18, Criminal

Code and Criminal Procedure.

‘‘This subchapter’’ substituted in text for ‘‘sections

461 to 464 of this title’’.

‘‘Sections 958 to 962 of title 18’’ substituted in text for

‘‘sections 21 to 25, and 30 of title 18’’ on authority of act

June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 683, section 1 of which enacted Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure.

Section was formerly classified to section 26 of title

18 prior to the general revision and enactment of Title

18 by act June 25, 1948, ch. 645, §1, 62 Stat. 683.

PRIOR PROVISIONS

Section was derived from R.S. §5287 (act Apr. 20, 1818,

ch. 88, §8, 3 Stat. 449) which was amended by act Feb.

18, 1875, ch. 80, 18 Stat. 320, and was repealed by section

341 of the act of Mar. 4, 1909.

§ 462. Compelling foreign vessels to depart

It shall be lawful for the President to employ

such part of the land or naval forces of the

United States, or of the militia thereof, as he

may deem necessary to compel any foreign vessel to depart from the United States or any of

its possessions in all cases in which, by the law

of nations or the treaties of the United States,

it ought not to remain, and to detain or prevent

any foreign vessel from so departing in all cases