§ 5601 TITLE 22—FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE Page 1200

Sec.

(d) Waiver.

(e) Contract sanctity.

5606. Presidential reporting requirements.

(a) Reports to Congress.

(b) Protection of classified information.

PRIOR PROVISIONS

A prior chapter 65, enacted by Pub. L. 102–138, title V,

Oct. 28, 1991, 105 Stat. 722, contained provisions substantially identical to those enacted by Pub. L. 102–182,

title III, Dec. 4, 1991, 105 Stat. 1245, prior to repeal by

Pub. L. 102–182, title III, §309(a), Dec. 4, 1991, 105 Stat.

1258.

CHAPTER REFERRED TO IN OTHER SECTIONS

This chapter is referred to in title 50 section 441c;

title 50 App. section 2405.

§ 5601. Purposes

The purposes of this chapter are—

(1) to mandate United States sanctions, and

to encourage international sanctions, against

countries that use chemical or biological

weapons in violation of international law or

use lethal chemical or biological weapons

against their own nationals, and to impose

sanctions against companies that aid in the

proliferation of chemical and biological weapons;

(2) to support multilaterally coordinated efforts to control the proliferation of chemical

and biological weapons;

(3) to urge continued close cooperation with

the Australia Group and cooperation with

other supplier nations to devise ever more effective controls on the transfer of materials,

equipment, and technology applicable to

chemical or biological weapons production;

and

(4) to require Presidential reports on efforts

that threaten United States interests or regional stability by Iran, Iraq, Syria, Libya,

and others to acquire the materials and technology to develop, produce, stockpile, deliver,

transfer, or use chemical or biological weapons.

(Pub. L. 102–182, title III, §302, Dec. 4, 1991, 105

Stat. 1245.)

REFERENCES IN TEXT

This chapter, referred to in text, was in the original

‘‘this title’’, meaning title III of Pub. L. 102–182, Dec. 4,

1991, 105 Stat. 1245, which is classified principally to

this chapter. For complete classification of this Act to

the Code, see Short Title note below and Tables.

SHORT TITLE

Section 301 of title III of Pub. L. 102–182 provided

that: ‘‘This title [enacting this chapter, section 2798 of

this title, and section 2410c of Title 50, Appendix, War

and National Defense, amending sections 2798 and 5604

of this title and sections 2405 and 2410c of Title 50, Appendix, and repealing provisions which enacted this

chapter, section 2798 of this title, and section 2410c of

Title 50, Appendix, and which amended section 2405 of

Title 50, Appendix] may be cited as the ‘Chemical and

Biological Weapons Control and Warfare Elimination

Act of 1991’.’’

Pub. L. 102–138, title V, §501, Oct. 28, 1991, 105 Stat.

722, which provided that title V of Pub. L. 102–138,

which enacted this chapter, section 2798 of this title,

and section 2410c of Title 50, Appendix, War and National Defense, and amended section 2405 of Title 50,

Appendix, was to be cited as the ‘‘Chemical and Biological Weapons Control and Warfare Elimination Act

of 1991’’, was repealed by section 309(a) of Pub. L.

102–182.

§ 5602. Multilateral efforts

(a) Multilateral controls on proliferation

It is the policy of the United States to seek

multilaterally coordinated efforts with other

countries to control the proliferation of chemical and biological weapons. In furtherance of

this policy, the United States shall—

(1) promote agreements banning the transfer

of missiles suitable for armament with chemical or biological warheads;

(2) set as a top priority the early conclusion

of a comprehensive global agreement banning

the use, development, production, and stockpiling of chemical weapons;

(3) seek and support effective international

means of monitoring and reporting regularly

on commerce in equipment, materials, and

technology applicable to the attainment of a

chemical or biological weapons capability; and

(4) pursue and give full support to multilateral sanctions pursuant to United Nations

Security Council Resolution 620, which declared the intention of the Security Council to

give immediate consideration to imposing

‘‘appropriate and effective’’ sanctions against

any country which uses chemical weapons in

violation of international law.

(b) Multilateral controls on chemical agents, precursors, and equipment

It is also the policy of the United States to

strengthen efforts to control chemical agents,

precursors, and equipment by taking all appropriate multilateral diplomatic measures—

(1) to continue to seek a verifiable global

ban on chemical weapons at the 40 nation Conference on Disarmament in Geneva;

(2) to support the Australia Group’s objective to support the norms and restraints

against the spread and the use of chemical

warfare, to advance the negotiation of a comprehensive ban on chemical warfare by taking

appropriate measures, and to protect the Australia Group’s domestic industries against inadvertent association with supply of feedstock

chemical equipment that could be misused to

produce chemical weapons;

(3) to implement paragraph (2) by proposing

steps complementary to, and not mutually exclusive of, existing multilateral efforts seeking a verifiable ban on chemical weapons, such

as the establishment of—

(A) a harmonized list of export control

rules and regulations to prevent relative

commercial advantage and disadvantages accruing to Australia Group members,

(B) liaison officers to the Australia

Group’s coordinating entity from within the

diplomatic missions,

(C) a close working relationship between

the Australia Group and industry,

(D) a public unclassified warning list of

controlled chemical agents, precursors, and

equipment,

(E) information-exchange channels of suspected proliferants,