Approved-Code No. 325 CORRECTED PRINT Registry No. 1101-03 

NATIONAL RECOVERY ADMINISTRATION 

CODE OF FAIR COMPETITION 

FOR THE 

HORSESHOE 

AND ALLIED PRODUCTS 

MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY 

AS APPROVED ON MARCH 8, 1934 

'WE DO OUR PART 

I 1 

.a. L1El908'fTO I 

UNITED STATES 

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 

WASHINGTON : 1934 

I 

I 

I 

For sale by the Superintendent oC Documents, Washington, D.C. - - - - - - - Price 5 cents 
This publication is for sale by the Superintendent of Documents, Government 

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Foreign and Domestic Commerce. 

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- - Approved Code No. 825 

CODE OF FAIR COMPETITION 

FOR THE 

HORSESHOE AND ALLIED PRODUCTS 

MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY 

As Approved on March 8, 1934 

ORDER 

.APPROVING CODE OF FAIR COMPETITION FOR THE HORSESHOE AND ALLIED 

P RODUCTS M ANUFACTURING I NDUSTRY 

An application having been duly ma<le pursuant to and in full 

compliance with the provisions of Title I of the National Industrial 

Recovery Act, approved June 16, 1933, for approval of a Code of 

F air Competition for the H orseshoe and Allied P roducts Manufacturing I ndustry, and hearings having been duly held thereon and 

the annexed repo·rt on said Code, containing findings with respect 

thereto, having been made and directed to the President: 

NOW, TH EREFORE, on behalf of the P resident of the United 

States, I, H UGH S. JOHNSON, Administrator for Industrial Recovery, pursuant to authority vested in me by Executive Orders of 

the P resident, including Executive Order No. 6543-A, dated 

De.cember 30, 1933, and otherwise; do hereby incorporate by reference said annexed report and do find that said Code complies in all 

respects with the pertinent provisions and will promote the policy 

and purposes of said Title of said Act: and do hereby order that 

said Code of F air Competition be and it is hereby approved; provided, however, that the provisions of Article VII, ( Section 1) 

insofar as they prescribe a waiting period between the filing with the 

Code Authority and the effective date of revised price lists or revised 

terms and conditions of sale be and they are hereby stayed pending 

my further Order either within a period of sixty days from the effective date of this Code or after the completion of a study of open 

price associations now being conducted by the National Recovery 

Administration; provided, further, that Section 2 of Article VII 

be deleted in its entirety from the Code. 

H UGH s. JOHNSON, 

Administrator for Industrwl Reeovery. 

Approval recommended : 

w. A. HARRIMAN' 

Division Administrator. 

w ASHINGTON, D .C., 

M areh 8, 1934. 

45214°-425--47-34 (551) 
REPORT TO THE PRESIDENT 

The PRESIDENT, 

The White House. 

SrR: This is a report on the Code of Fair Competition for the 

Horseshoe and Allied Products Manufacturing Industry, the hearing having been conducted thereon in Washington, D.C., on January 

9, 1934, in accordance with the provisions of the National Industrial 

Recovery Act. 

RESUME OF CODE AS TO WAGES AND HOURS 

This Code provides that the normal number of working hours 

shall be 8 hours per day and 40 hours per week, except that employees 

n1ay work not exceeding 48 hours a week for four weeks in any six 

months' period. These provisions apply to all classes of employees 

except those employed in managerial, executive, supervisory or technical capacities receiving not less than $35.00 per week, field service 

men, employees engaged in emergency repairs and watchmen. 

Watchmen are not permitted to work more than 48 hours per week. 

The minimum hourly rates in plants located in the North are forty 

( 40) cents per hour for males and females in all branches of the 

Industry, except the H orseshoe Nail branch. The minimum rate in 

the Horseshoe Nail branch shall be at the rate of forty ( 40) cents 

per hour .for males and thirty-five (35) cents per hour for females, 

and in plants located in the South the said minimum hourly rate 

shall be thirty ( 30) cents per hour for both males and females. 

The minimum weekly wage is $16.00 with exception of watchmen, 

office boys and girls who shall be paid not less than 80% of the minimum rate. 

_E9uitable adjustments are to be made of all wage rates above said 

m1n1ma. 

Child Labor is prohibited and no person under 18 years of age shall 

be employed in a hazardous occupation. 

GENERAL STATEMENT 

The Horseshoe and Allied Products Manufacturing Industry as 

defined in the Code includes the manufacture and sale of shoes for 

horses and mules, drop forged drive and screw calk shoes ancl calks 

and rubber calks, tools manufactured specifically for installing 

drive calk and screw calk shoes, rubber filled horseshoes, rubber 

hoof pads for horses and mules and horseshoe nails, and its customers 

are, therefore, jobbers in blacksmith supplies and blacksmiths. 

The investment in the Industry was approximately $18,000,000 in 

1928 and $15,000,000 in 1933 and the wage earners in normal times 

number about 3,000 people, while the total annual payroll was not 

available the average annual wage was nearly $1,400 in most of the 

northern plants. 

(552) 
553 

Due to the automobile the production of the Industry has dropped 

considerably in the last decade; the value of production in 1928 being 

$8,000,000 while in 1933 it was only $-:1,000,000. Operations in 1928 

and 1929 were 23% of total capacity; in 1930, 22% of total capacity; 

in 1931, 19% of total capacity; in 1932, 16% of total capacity and 

in 1933 about 141⁄2% of total capacity. 

I believe that the Code is £air to Industry, to Labor and to the 

Public, and is in accordance with the intent and purpose of the 

National Industrial Recovery Act. 

F'INDINGS 

The Deputy Administrator in his final report to me on said Code 

having found as herein set forth and on the basis of all the proceedings in this matter : 

I find that: 

(a) Said Code is well designed to promote the policies and purposes of Title I of the National Industrial Recovery Act, including 

removal of obstructions to the free flow of interstate and £oreign 

commerce which tend to diminish the amount thereof and will provide £or the general welfare by promoting the organization of industry £or the purpose of cooperative action among the trade groups, 

by inducing and maintaining united action of labor and management 

under adequate governmental sanctions and supervision, by eliminating unfair competitive practices, by promoting the fullest possible 

utilization of the present productive capacity of industries, by avoiding undue restriction of production ( except as may be temporarily 

required), by increasing the consumption of industrial and agricultural products through increasing purchasing power, by reducing 

and relieving unemployment, by improving standards of labor, and 

by otherwise rehabilitating industry. 

(b) Said Industry normally employs not more than 50,000 employees; and is not classified by me as a major industry. 

( c) The Code as approved complies in all respects with the pertinent provisions of said Title of said Act, including without limitation Subsection (a) of Section 3, Subsection (a) of Section 7, and 

Subsection (b) of Section 10 thereof; and that the applicant group 

is an industrial group truly representative of the aforesaid industry; 

and that said group imposes no inequitable restrictions on admission 

to membership ther~in. 

(d) The Code is not designed to and will not permit monopolies 

or monopolistic practices. 

( e) The Code is not designed to and will not eliminate or oppress 

f=mall enterprises and will not operate to discriminate against them. 

( £) Those engaged in other steps of the economic process have 

not been deprived of the right to be heard prior to approval of said 

Code. 

For these reasons, therefore, I have approved this Code; provided, 

however, that the provisions of Section 1, Article VII, insofar as 

they prescribe a waiting period between the filing with the Code 

Authority and the eff ~ctj._ye date of revised price lists or revised terms 
554 

and conditions of sale be and they are hereby stayed pending my 

further Order either within a period of sixty days from the effective date of this Code or after the completion of a study of open 

price associations now being conducted by the N ationd Recovery 

Administration. 

Respectfully, 

MARCH 8, 1934. 

l-fUGH 8. JOHNSON, 

Adni-inistrator. 
CODE OF FAIR COMPETITION FOR THE HORSESHOE 

AND ALLIED PRODUCTS MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY 

ARTICLE I 

For the purpose of effeduating the policy of Title I of the 

National Industrial Recovery Act, in its relation to the Horseshoe 

and Allied Products Manufacturing Industry, the following _provisions are hereby established as constituting a Code of Fair Competition for the said Industry, and its provisions shall be standards 

of fair competition for the Industry and shall be binding upon every 

member thereof. 

ARTICLE II-DEFINITIONS 

(a) The term "Horseshoe and Allied Products Manufacturing 

Industry," as used in this Code, shall include the manufacture and 

sale of: 

1. Shoes for Horses and :Mules. ·2. Drop Forged Drive and Screw Calk Shoes and Calks and 

Rubber Calks; and tools manufactured specifically for installing 

Drive Calk and Screw Calk Shoes. 

3. Rubber Filled Horseshoes. 

4. Rubber Hoof Pads for Horses and Mules. 

5. Horseshoe Nails. 

Said term shall not include blacksmithing. 

(b) The term "Member of the Industry " includes, but without 

limitation, any individual, partnership, association, corporation, or 

other form of enterprise engaged in the Industry, either as an employer or on his or its own behalf. 

( c) The term " employee " as used herein, includes any and all 

persons engaged in the Industry, however compensated, except a 

member of the Industry. 

( d) The terms "Act " and "Administrator " as used herein, mean 

respectively Title I of the National Industrial Recovery Act, and the 

Administrator for Industrial Recovery. 

ARTICLE 111-HoURs OF LABOR 

SECTION 1. On and after the effective date, no employee shall be 

permitted to work more than 40 hours per week, or more than 8 

hours in any one day, exoept. as hereinafter provided. This restriction as to hours shall not apply to conditions of peak demand 

for four ( 4) weeks in any six months period beginning January 

first and July first of each year, but not in excess of forty-eight 

( 48) hours per week. 

SECTION 2. The aforesaid limitations as to hours of labor shall 

not apply to persons who earn not less than $35.00 per week, employed in a managerial, executive or supervisory capacity, and/or 

(555) 
556 

in a technical capacity, and/or as field service men. The aforesaid 

limitations as to hours of labor shall also not apply to commercial 

traveling salesmen or watchmen; nor to employees engaged in 

emergency maintenance or repair work; provided, however, that in 

such cases of emergency, maintenance or repair work, all work done 

in excess of 8 hours per day shall be compensated at a rate of not 

less than one and one-half times the normal rate of each workman 

so engaged. 

SECTION 3. On and after the effective date, no accounting, clerical. or other office employees shall be permitted to work more than 

40 hours per week, nor more than 8 hours in any one day, except 

as otherwise provided in Section 2 of this Article. 

SECTION 4. The provisions of this Article shall not apply to watchmen, but watchmen shall not be permitted to work more than fortyeight ( 48) hours in any one week. 

SECTION 5. No employer shall knowingly permit any employee to 

work for any time wh.ich, when totaled with that already performed 

with another employer or employers in this Industry, exceeds the 

maximum permitted herein. 

SECTION 6. All employees who work more than the normal number of hours per day (8) in any twenty-four (24) hour period or 

more than the normal number of hours per week ( 40) in any seven 

days, shall be paid time and a half the normal rate of pay for such 

excess. Such overtime shall not exceed eight ( 8) hours in any one 

week, except .in cases of emergency maintenance or emergency repair work. This Section shall not apply to employees specified in 

Section 2 of Article III ( except employees engaged in emergency 

maintenance or repair work). 

ARTICLE IV-WAGES 

SECTION 1. On and after the effective date, the minimum wage that 

shall be paid to employees by members of the Industry in plants located in the North shall be at the rate of forty {40) cents per hour 

for males and females, in all branches of the Industry except the 

Horseshoe Nail branch. The minimum rate in the Horseshoe Nail 

branch shall be at the rate of forty ( 40) cents per hour for males 

and thirty-five {35) cents per hour for females; and in plants located in the South the said minimum wage shall be at the rate of 

thirty (30) cents per hour for both males and females. The South 

is defined as comprising Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, 

Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Louisiana, Mississippi and Tennessee; 

the North as comprising the remainder of continental United States. 

SECTION 2. On and after the effective date, the minimum wage that 

shall be paid by any member of the Industry to all employees other 

than factory employees, shall be not less than at the rate of $16. per 

week. 

SEOTION 3. This Article establishes a minimum rate of pay which 

shall apply irrespective of whether an employee is actually compensated on a time rate, piecework, or other basis. 

SE<moN 4. There shall be an equitable adjustment of all wages 

above the minimum, and to that end, within sixty days from the 
557 

approval of this Code, the Code Authority shall submit for the approval of the Administrator, its proposal for adjustment in wages 

above the minimum, provided such adjustment has not already been 

made. Upon approval by the Administrator, after such hearing as 

he may prescribe, such proposal shall become binding as a part of 

this Code; provided~ however, that in no event shall hourly rates of 

pay be reduced. 

SECTION 5. Female employees performing substantially the same 

work as male employees shall receive the same rate of pay as male 

employees. 

SECTION 6. A person whose earning capacity is limited because of 

age or physical or mental handicap, may be employed on light work 

at a wage below the minimum established by this Code, if the employer obtains from the State Authority designated by the Department of Labor, a certificate authorizing his employment at such 

wages and for such hours as shall be stated in the certificate. Each 

employer shall file with the Code Authority a list of all such persons 

employed by him. 

SECTION 7. The minimum wage that shall be paid to office boys 

and office girls and messengers, shall be not less than eighty (80%) 

per cent of the said minimum wage specified in Section 2 of this 

Article; but the total number of such office boys and girls and 

messengers shall not exceed 5% of the total number of all office 

employees, but any employer may have at least two. 

SECTION 8. Watchmen shall be paid at a rate of not less than 80% 

of the minimum wage provided in Section 1 of this Article. 

ARTICLE V-GENERAL LABOR PROVISIONS 

SECTION 1. No person under sixteen (16) years of age shall be employed in the Industry. No person under eighteen (18) years of 

age shall be employed at operations or occupations which are hazardous in nature or dangerous to health. 

The Code Authority shall submit to the Administrator, for his 

approval, within 60 days, a list of such operations or occupations. 

In any State an employer shall be deemed to have complied with 

this provision as to age, if he shall have on file a valid certificate 

or permit duly signed by the Authority in such State empowered to 

issue employment or age certificates or permits showing that the employee is of the required age. 

S:oor10N 2. In compliance with Section 7 (a) of the Act it is provided: 

(a) That employees shall have the right to organize and bargain 

collectively through representatives of their own choosing, and shall 

be free from the interference, restraint, or coercion of employers of 

labor, or their agents, in the designation of such representatives or 

in self-organization, or in other concerted activities for the purpose 

of collective bargaining or other mutual aid or protection. 

(b) That no employee and no one seeking employment shall be 

required as a condition of employment to join any company union 

or to refrain from joining, organizing, or assisting a labor organization of his own choosing, and 
558 

(c) That employers shall comply with the maximum hours of 

labor, minimum rates of pay, and other conditions of employment 

approved or prescribed by the President. 

SECTION 3. No employer shall reclassify employees or duties of 

occupations performed or engage in any other subterfuge for the 

purpose of defeating the purposes or provisions of the Act or of this 

Code. 

SECTION 4. No provision in this Code shall supersede any State 

or Federal law which imposes on employers more stringent requirements as to age of employees, wages, hours of work, or as to safety, 

health, sanitary or ~eneral working conditions, or insurance or fire 

protection than are imposed by this Code. 

SECTION 5. All employers shall post and maintain complete copies 

of the labor provisions of this Code in conspicuous places accessible 

to employees. 

ARTICLE VI-ORGANIZATION' POWERS, AND DUTIES OF THE CODE 

AUTHORITY 

ORGANIZATION AND CONSTITUTION 

SECTION 1. There shall forthwith be constituted a Code Authority 

consisting of five persons, who shall comprise one of the members 

respectively, of each of the five branches of the Industry mentioned 

in Article II (a) of this Code, each of them, respectively, to be 

selected by the members of one of the said branches. 

Such election shall take place within thirty days after the effective 

date of this Code, on seven days' prior notice to all members of 

the Industry who have assented to this Code, such election to be 

conducted by the Horseshoe and Allied Products Manufacturers' 

Association, and the persons so elected shall serve for a period of 

one year and until their successors are elected and shall qualify. 

A majority vote of the members of each of the said groups, present 

in person or by proxy, who have assented to this Code, shall be 

necessary for the election of members of the Code Authority. 

In order that the Code Authority shall be at all times truly 

representative of the Industry, and in other respects shall comply 

with the provisions of the Act, the Administrator may provide 

such hearings as he may deem proper; and thereafter if he shall 

find that the Code Authority is not truly representative of the 

Industry, or does not in other respects comply with the provisions 

of the Act, may require an appropriate modification in the method 

of election of the Code Authority. 

SECTION 2. In addition to membership as above provided, there 

may be not more than three (3) members, without vote, to be 

appointed by the Administrator, to serve for a term of six (6) 

months to twelve (12) months from the date of appointment. 

SECTION 3. Each trade or industrial association directly or indirectly participating in the selection or activities of the Code 

Authority shall (1) impose no inequitable restrictions on membership, and (2) submit to the Administrator true copies of its articles 

of association, by-laws, regulations, and any amendments when made 

thereto, together with such other information as to membership, 
559 

organization, and activities as the Administrator may deem necessary to r.ffectuate the purposes of the Act. 

SECTION 4. Members of the Industry shall be entitled to participate in and share the benefits of the activities of the Code Authority 

and to participate in the selection of the members thereof, by assenting to and complying with the requirements of this Code and 

sustaining their reasonable share of the expenses of its ad1ninistration. Such reasonable share 0£ the expenses of administration shall 

be determined by the Code Authority, subject to review by the 

Administrator, on the basis of volume of business and/or such other 

factors as may be equitable. 

POWERS AND D"GTIES 

SECTION 5. The Code Authority shall have the following powers 

and duties: 

(a) To insure the execution of the provisions of this Code and 

provide for the compliance of the Industry with the provisions of 

the Act, under such rules and regulations as may be established 

by the Administrator. 

(b) The members of the Industry assenting to this Code who 

manufacture and sell the commodities enumerated in Article II (a) 

of this Code, shall, with respect to each of the said commodities, 

have the right to designate and appoint a separate committee with 

respect to each of the said commodities, such committee to be composed of not more than three members. Each of the said committees shall have the authority to cooperate with the Code Authority 

in respect to all matters relating to each of the said commodities, 

respectively. 

The Code Authority must submit to the Administrator, for his 

approval or disapproval, any recmnmendation made by any of the 

said committees with respect to modifications of any provisions of 

this Code other than its labor provisions. 

(c) To obtain from members of the Industry such information 

and reports as are required for the administration of the Code. 

In addition to information required to be submitted to the Code 

Authority, all or any of the persons subject t.o this Code shall furnish such statistical information as the Administrator may deem 

necessary for the purposes recited in Section 3 (a) of the said 

Act to such Federal and State agencies as the Administrator may 

designate; nor shall anything in any Code, agreement or license 

relieve any person of any nece.;;sity or obligation to furnish reports 

to Government agencies. No individual reports shall be disclosed 

to any other member of the Industry or to any other person except 

to such governmental agencies as may be directed by the Administrator. 

(d) To establish classifications and standards of quality for 

products of the Industry, subject to the approval of the Administrator in order to assist in making effective the reports from the Industry, and in eliminating unfair competition. The representation of 

any product of the Industry as complying with such standards as 

may be established by the Industry, when such is not the case, is 

deemed and declared to be an unfair method of competition. 
560 

( e) To secure from members of the Industry an equitable and 

proportionate payment of the reasonable expenses of maintaining 

the Code Authority and its activities. 

(f) To cooperate with the Administrator in regulating the use 

of any NRA insignia solely by those members of the Industry who 

have assented to, and are complying with, this Code. 

SECTION 6. If the Administrator shall determine that any action 

of the 'Code Authority or any agency thereof is unfair or unjust 

or contrary to the public interest, the Administrator may require 

that such action be suspended for a period of not to exceed 30 days 

to afford an opportunity for investigation of the merits of such 

action and further consideration by such Code Authority or agency 

pending final action, which shall be taken only upon approval by the 

Administrator. 

ARTICLE VII-FILING PRICE LISTS 

SECTION 1. Each member of the Industry must file with the 

Code Authority, within 10 days after the effective date of the Code, 

a price-list, together with discounts and terms of sale and maximum 

rates of discounts for early payment and maximum periods of free 

credit; and the same must be strictly adhered to. The said pricelists shall state the particulars in which the same apply (a) to wholesalers, (b) to retailers where such member of the Industry sells to 

retailers, and ( c) to blacksmiths or other ultimate consumers. 

No such price-list, discounts, terms of sale, or periods of free 

credit shall be changed except on five days' notice to the Code 

Authority, such five days to begin upon receipt of such notice by 

the Code Authority, who shall immediately notify all members of 

the particular group affected, as defined in Article II (a) of this 

Code; such members shall then have the right to change their respective price-lists and the other elements connected with such 

price-lists as above enumerated, so as to conform with the change 

or changes made by the member giving such notice, by giving notice 

to the Code Authority of such change, the same to be effective at 

the expiration of the said period of five days above mentioned. 

Such price-lists and changes thereof, shall be open to inspection 

at all reasonable times by anyone. · SECTION 2. In conformance with existing law, each member of the 

Industry may announce to his customers suggested minimum prices 

for the resale of his products by such customers; and may also 

announce that he will refuse to make further sales of his products 

to any customer who shall sell such products at less than such 

suggested prices. 

Whenever any member shall make such announcement, a copy of 

such announcement shall be filed with the Code Authority within 

10 days after the issuance of such announcement and the same shall 

be open to inspection at all reasonable times to anyone. 

The above provision shall not be construed to permit the making 

of agreements or the acceptance of promises to maintain suggested 

minimum resale prices.1 

1 See paragraph 2 of order approving this Code. 
561 

ARTICLE VIII-TRADE PRACTICES 

For all purposes of this Code, the acts described in this Article 

shail constitute unfair practices. Any member of the Industry who 

shall directly or indirectly, through any officer, employee, agency, 

or representative, knowingly use, employ, or permit to be employed, 

any of such unfair practices, shall be guilty of a violation of this 

Code. 

(a) The paying or allowing to any purchaser in connection with 

the sale of any products, of any rebate, commission, credit, discount, 

adjustment or similar concession, other than as specified in the 

published price list and discount sheet specified in Article VII of this 

Code, constitutes an unfair method of competition and is prohibited. 

(b) No member of the Industry shall give, permit to be given, 

or directly off er to give, anything of value for the purpose of 

influencing or rewarding the action of any employee, agent, or 

representative of another in relation to the business of the employer 

of such employee, the principal of such agent or the represented 

party, without the knowledge of such employer, principal, or party. 

This provision shall not be construed to prohibit free and general 

distribution of articles commonly used for advertising except so far 

as such articles are actually used for commercial bribery as hereinabove defined. 

( c) Payment of specific advertising expenses in behalf of certain 

purchasers, not offered to all purchasers, under like tern1s and 

conditions. 

( d) Procuring, without the consent of any member of the Industry, 

any information concerning the business of such members which is 

properly regarded by it as a trade secret or confidential within its 

organization, except information relating to a violation of any 

provisions of this Code. 

( e) Imitating or simulating any design, style, trade markhtrade 

name, or trade brand, to which any member of the Industry as an 

exclusive right, with the intent to deceive the purchaser. 

(f) False or misleading advertising. 

(g) Disseminating, publishing, or circulating any false or misleading information relative to any product or price for any product 

of any member of the Horseshoe and Allied Products Manufacturing 

Industry, or the credit standing or ability of any member thereof 

to perform any work or manufacture or produce any product; or 

to the conditions of employment among the employees of any member 

thereof. 

(h) Making or giving to any purchaser of any product any guaranty or protection in any form against decline in the market price 

of such product. 

(i) Stating in the invoice of any product as the date thereof a 

date later than the date of the shipment of such product, or including in any invoice any product shipped on a date earlier than the 

date of such invoice. 

(j) Making any sale or contract of sale of any product under 

any description which does not fully describe such product in terms 

customarily used in the Industry. 
562 

(k) Rendering to any purchaser of any product, in or in connection with the sale of such product, any service, the effect of which 

will be a concession in price, constitutes an unfair method of 

competition and is prohibited. 

(1) No member of the Industry shall sell any commodity at a 

price below cost. However, any member may meet the price competition of anyone whose costs under this Code Provision are lower. 

Cost shall be determined in accordance with the principles formulated by the Code Authority with the approval of the Administrator. 

ARTICLE IX-UNITED STATES CUSTOMS TARIFFS 

The said Code Authority is also established as an Agency of 

the Industry for the purpose of investigating and informing the 

Administrator as to the importation of competitive commodities 

into the United States in substantial quantities or in increasing 

ratio to domestic production, upon such terms and under such 

conditions as to render ineffective or substantially to impair or 

endanger the maintenance or effectiveness of this Code; and as an 

Agency for making complaint with respect thereto, to the President, 

on behalf of the said Industry, under the relevant provisions of the 

said Act. 

\ ARTICLE X-ARBITRATION 

Any complaint, dispute, controversy, or other matter of difference 

arising between members of the Industry under, or in connection 

with this Code, may be submitted to the Code Authority for arbitration and decision in accordance with such rules as shall be 

established by the Code Authority subject, however, to the disapproval or modification thereof by the Administrator. 

ARTICLE XI-MONOPOLIES 

No prov1s1on of this Code shall be so applied as to promote 

monopolies or monopolistic practices, or to eliminate, oppress or 

discriminate against small enterprises. The said Code will be interpreted and applied in such a manner as to effectuate the policy 

of Title I of the National Industrial Recovery Act. 

ARTICLE XII-MODIFICATION 

SECTION. 1. This Code, and each provision thereof, are hereby 

expressly made subject to the right of the President, in accordance 

with the provision of Section 10 (b) of the National Industrial 

Recovery Act, fr,om time to time to cancel or modify any order, 

approval, license, rule, or regulation issued under Title I of the 

said Act. 

SECTION 2. This Code, except as to provisions required by the 

Act, may be modified on the basis of experience or changes in 

circumstances; such modifications to be based upon application to 

the Administrator and such notice and hearing, as he shall specify, 

and to become effective on approval of the President. 
563 

ARTICLE XIII-ExroRT TRADE 

The provisions of the Code now or hereafter adopted with regard 

to prices, discounts, deductions, allowances, extras, commissions, or 

methods and/ or terms of sale, are not to apply to direct export sales 

or to sales in course of export (i.e., sales destined ultimately for export) or to sales of materials used in the manufacture of products for 

export. The term " export " shall include, in addition to shipments 

to foreign countries, shipments to Alaska and to all oversea territories or possessions under the jurisdiction of the United States. 

ARTICLE XIV-EFFECTIVE DATE 

The term" effective date" of this Code, shall be the 10th day after 

the approval of this Code by the President of the United States. 

Approved Code No. 325. 

Registry No. 1101---03. 

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UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 

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