San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District Dec ember 20, 2012

Chapter 7

: Technology Advancement

2012 PM2.5 Plan 

# Chapter 7

Technology

Advancement

2012 PM2.5 Plan

SJVUAPCDSan Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District Dec ember 20, 2012

Chapter 7

: Technology Advancement

2012 PM2.5 Plan This page intentionally blank.San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District Dec ember 20, 2012

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- 1 Chapter 7 : Technology Advancement

2012 PM2.5 Plan 

### Chapter 7 : Technology Advancement

The District Governing Board approved creation of the Technology Advancement Program in March 2010 to accelerate development of technologies that can help reduce air pollutant emissions in the Valley. Meeting EPA’s increasingly stringent ozone and PM2.5 air quality standards will require significant advancements in low

- emissions technologies from mobile and station ary sources. The Technology Advancement Program provide s a strategic and comprehensive means to identify, solicit, and support technology advancement opportunities. Ongoing refinement of the program’s technology focus areas target s efforts to achieve the greatest impact on the Valley’s

attainment and other health

- based goals under the 2012 PM2.5 Plan and the District’s other ozone and PM2.5 attainment plans

.

The Valley’s air quality challenges are not completely unique to the Valle y, nor are they

isolated within the boundaries of the air basin. Technology development can benefit regional and state air quality. S trategies for reducing emissions in the Valley can be enhanced through partnerships and collaborations with other air dis tricts and state agencies

. The District is currently collaborating with the California Air Resources Board (ARB) and the South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD) to prepare a document to outline a common vision for attainment of federal air qu ality standards, as well as greenhouse gas goals and reduced exposure to toxics. The market penetration of transformative technologies will be a critical component of realizing a common vision

, and the Technology Advancement Program will help to identify and support upcoming technology opportunities.

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. 1 TECHNOLOGY FOCUS ARE AS

The District has structured t he Technology Advancement Program to encourage participation within three focus areas :

I. Renewable Energy

. Renewable energy p rojects are those that overcome the

barriers to using renewable energy, such as remote solar energy/storage,

vehicle

- to

- grid, wind energy, or peak

- shaving systems with zero

- or near

- zero

emissions technologies

.

II. Waste Solutions

. Waste solutions focus on w aste systems or technologies that minimize or eliminate emissions from existing waste management systems and processes, including waste

- to

- fuel systems

, such as dairy digesters and other

bio

- fuel applications.

III. Mobile S ources

. Mobile source projects include , but are not limited to, r etrofit technologies for reducing particulate or NO X emissions from heavy

- duty trucks,

zero

- or near

- zero

- emissions goods movement solutions, clean alternative fuels (hydrogen, electric, etc.), vehicle hybridization, and efficiency improvements to

on

- road or off

- road equipment.San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District Dec ember 20, 2012

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- 2 Chapter 7 : Technology Advancement

2012 PM2.5 Plan These focus areas represent the current needs of the Valley; they also reflect the types of proposals previously recei ved by the District within this and other programs.

Th roughout implementation of this PM2.5 plan and future air quality plans, th e District

will continue to evaluate and , if necessary, update these technology focus areas to

address to the Valley’s air qua lity challenges.

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. 2 FUTURE DEMONSTRATION PROJECT S

For the fiscal year 2012

– 2013

, the District has committed an additional $8 million of funding for new demonstration projects. In addition to directly funding demonstration projects

, the District actively seeks opportunities to collaborate with technology innovators in seeking additional funding. An example of this type of funding is the

District’s administration of the Z ero

- E mission C ommercial L awn and G arden

T echnology D emonstratio n

, funded with State Air Quality Improvement Program funds.

Moving forward, District staff will continue to search for opportunities to support projects

that build the air quality technology research and demonstration capacity of colleges

and universities in the Valley. This emphasis will improve the ability of local institutions to engage in future clean

- technology projects that are specifically suited to the Valley’s

needs. To accomplish this, staff has adapt ed t he Technology Advancement Program scoring criteria so that projects that incorporate local colleges and universities will score higher in that category than those that do not.

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. 3 DEMONSTRATION PROJEC TS IN PROCESS

The District’s Technology Advancement Program has had two rounds of funding and

received over 60 proposals for clean technology projects. In 2011, t he District selected

18 of the proposed projects for funding

, for over $3 million in support of clean technology demonstrations

. The following 11 projects, out of the 18 selected

, are in process and moving forward :

Engine, Fuel, and Emissions Engineering, Inc. (EF&EE) Rancho Cordova, CA Renewable Energy and Waste Solutions Technology Focus Areas

The EF&EE project will demonstrate a compact SCR devi ce on a biogas

- powered engine to be installed at Joseph Gallo Farms in Atwater, CA. This technology is expected to reduce emissions from biogas

- power ed generation systems to ultra

- low

NOx levels. The system will include advanced monitoring and reductant metering equipment to prevent ammonia slip and reduce or eliminate the need for an ammonia slip catalyst. The slip catalyst is the primary source of NO X emissions in their current system , and the new system with advanced metering is expected to reduce NO X emissions.

T his new technology has a low cost relative to the anticipated emission reductions, resulting in good cost

- effectiveness

. Additionally , the large amount of resource leveraging in the form of capital and equipment invest ment made this project a goodSan Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District Dec ember 20, 2012

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- 3 Chapter 7 : Technology Advancement

2012 PM2.5 Plan candidate for funding

. The technology being demonstrated has the potential to impact a large number of biogas projects in the Valley, and with statewide effort s being made to increase the number of biogas projects, this project is highly relevant t o our planning process and offers additional co

- benefits in greenhouse gas reductions

.

Solar Storage Company Redwood City, CA Renewable Energy Technology Focus Area The Solar Storage Company project will demonstrate a renewable solar

- power generation system as an alternative to diesel power for agricultural irrigation pumping systems , especially those systems in remote locations. The demonstration system uses

a thermal

- solar concentration system with two reciprocating steam engines an d a pressurized steam storage system. This technology will provide an alternative to electrifying pumping systems, which is not cost

- effective in situations where electricity is not close by or infrastructure is not in place. The project will be installe d in parallel with

a diesel backup

- power system to operate the pump at times when there is a need for emergency freeze protection occurring with two cloudy days in a row. M eteorological conditions that prevent the solar use in such cases are rare and only accounts for 1% of the pumping time of a typical agricultural irrigation

pump. As a result

, the project will result in a 99% reduction in emissions including diesel particulates, NO X , and green house gasses.

This project has potential for re ducing criteria pollutant emissions, as well as the potential to reduce green house gases

, while expanding renewable energy options. S uccessful demonstration of the technology may prove a

low

- cost thermal storage alternative for additional applications , th us reducing the barrier to adoption of solar thermal technology.

California Bioenergy Dallas, TX Renewable Energy and Waste Solutions Technology Focus Areas

The California Bioenergy project will optimize and expand the emissions control systems used at the Bidart Dairy digester in Bakersfield, California. The digester gas system currently uses a non

- selective catalytic reduction (NSCR) system. The project will tune the NSCR system to achieve ve ry low NO X emissions and install a second after

- treatment system that uses hydrogen selective catalytic

reduction to reach near

- zero NO X emissions.San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District Dec ember 20, 2012

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2012 PM2.5 Plan The District is interested in the success of clean bioenergy production through the use of biowaste, partic ularly in terms of developing ultra

- low

- NO X technologies to mitigate the potential impact from the large

- scale development of these types of projects. Projects such as this one, if successful, move the Valley closer to that goal. The ability of digester projects like this to reduce greenhouse gas emissions provides co

- benefits important for program acceptance.

US Hybrid Corporation Torrance, CA Mobile Sources Technology Focus Area US Hybrid , in collaborat ion with CALSTART

, will to convert a Terex wheel l oader to plug

- in hybrid operation for fuel savings and emission reductions. Hybrid

- electric technology, which is already available in the light

- duty vehicle category, has only recently be en applied to off

- road vehicles. This project will advance the use of this technology for this off

- road category and quantify the emission reductions associated with the system. The wheel loader will be tested at Maddox Farms, a dairy located in Fresno County. The hybridiz ed vehicle includes electric

- only operation, idl e elimination, and power for electric attachments.

The outcome of this project has the potential to affect a large segment of the

off

- road vehicle emissions inventory and is very relevant to the attainment planning process

. Additionally, t he expected fu el savings will also reduce the long

- term cost of ownership for the technolog y.

Electricore, Inc. Valencia, CA Mobile Sources Technology Focus Area Electricore, Inc. will build and demonstrate a

zero

- emission, completely autonomous agricultural spray vehicle. Electricore will work with Trexa, LLC, who has developed a low

cost, commercial, electric off

- road vehicle platform that will be combined with a commercial orchard pull

- rig agricultural spr ay trailer. Electricore will oversee the demonstration at Tech Agricultrual’s farms outside of Buttonwillow, in Kern County. The vehicle will operate autonomously based on robotics developed by the Robotics Institute at Carnegie Mellon University.San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District Dec ember 20, 2012

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2012 PM2.5 Plan Succe ssful implementation of this technology could have an impact on the inventory of emissions from agricultural tractors, which are numerous in the Valley. Likewise, the

reduced fuel use and the associated greenhouse gas reductions provide co

- benefits beyond criteria pollutant emissions reductions

.

Sun

- Maid Growers of California Kingsburg, CA Waste Solutions Technology Focus Area

Sun

- Maid Growers will modify and test a mobile prototype device called the Burn Boss®

Air Curtain Burner. Successful use of this device will reduce emissions resulting from the burning of paper raisin trays used during the grape harvest. The technology has been shown to significantly reduce visible smoke and NO X emissions compared to open burning. The grape harvest coincides with District’s highest ozone levels; reductions of these emissions greatly benefit air quality.

US Hybrid Corporation Torrance, CA Mobile Sources Technology Focus Area US Hybrid, in partnership with CALSTART and Roush, will demonstrate a plug

- in

electric

- hy brid propane utility truck using a Ford F

- 250 truck base. US Hybrid will demonstrate and test the utility truck at Maddox Farms near Riverdale, California. The demonstration and testing will identify NO X emission reductions, greenhouse gas reductions, and fuel savings.

The outcome of this project has the potential to affect a large segment of the on

- road vehicle emissions inventory in light of the extensive use of utility truck s in agriculture

and other industries. Likewise, the reduced fuel usage, use of propane, and the associated greenhouse gas reductions provides co

- benefits beyond criteria pollutant

emissions reductions. The expected fuel savings will also reduce the long

- term cost of ownership fo r the technology.

Leva Energy, Inc. Santa Clara, CA Waste Solutions Technology Focus Area Leva Energy, Inc. will install and test two systems that recover wasted energy from

ultra

- low NO X burners (ULNB). The system (Power Burner) integrates a gas

- fired microturbine with a new ULNB into a system that can replace a burner on any boiler larger than 5 MMBtu/hr. The Power Burner recoups the energy lost with other ULNBs to cogenerate 100 kW of electricity with the same amount of fuel.

This technology’s abil ity to provide boiler owners a faster payback on their investment has the potential to accelerate the adoption of ultra

- low NO X boilers in the V alley and provide NOx emissions reductions in the short term

. The use of waste heat to generate electricity pro vides co

- benefits beyond emissions reductions

.San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District Dec ember 20, 2012

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2012 PM2.5 Plan City of Manteca Manteca, CA Mobile Sources Technology Focus Area The City of Manteca will demonstrate two new Autocar Xpeditor E3 refuse vehicles

fitted with Parker RunWise advanced series hybrid

- drive technology to reduce diesel fuel consumption, associated NO X , and other emissions, by up to 45%. The City will purchase the trucks from Autocar and subcontract with infoWedge to install monitoring equipment and collect data from the hybrid truck and a con ventional diesel truck, for comparison purposes. infoWedge will characterize the drive cycle; monitor a 30

- day demonstration of the hybrid truck; monitor and report emissions testing; and monitor long

- term (6 months) demonstration to evaluate usage patter ns, fuel consumptions, and maintenance needs.

Successful implementation of this project will show the ability to reduce emissions through reduced fuel use in the medium heavy

- duty diesel truck off

- road category. The reduced diesel fuel use also reduces g reenhouse gas emissions and lowers overall, long

- term operating costs for end users.

Association of Compost Producers Julian, CA Mobile Sources and Waste Solutions Technology Focus Area The Association of Compost Producers will design and test an aerated static pile method of composting for a large

- scale composting facility. The system consists of

three components: substitution of diesel

- powered loaders with electronic conveyor systems to build piles ; the use of solar

- powered electric blowers to replace diesel

powered windrow turners during the active phase of composting ; and the use of finished compost biofilter covers, which reduce VOC emissions

.

Pacific Gas and Electric Company San Ramon, CA Mobile Sources Technology Focus Area Pacific Gas and Electric Company will develop and

demonstrate an extended

- range

, electric

- drive Class

6 bucket truck with electric worksite operation capability. The system will improve on

- road fuel efficiency and allow crews to work on

- site without

runni ng the diesel engine. Emission reductions will be achieved by reducing consumption of 4,895 gallons of diesel fuel per vehicle per year.San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District Dec ember 20, 2012

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- 7 Chapter 7 : Technology Advancement

2012 PM2.5 Plan Because of the number of class

- 6 utility work trucks that operate in the Valley, this project has the potential to d emonstrate significant emissions reductions in the on

- road vehicle category. The reduced diesel fuel use also reduces greenhouse gas emissions and lowers overall, long

- term operating costs for end users

.

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. 4 INTERAGENCY CO LLABORATIVE DEMONSTRATION PROJEC TS

In addition to projects selected through the request

- for

- proposals process, the District has partnered with other air quality agencies in the state to demonstrate new and emerging technologies.

Under

- fired Charbroiler Emission Control Demonstration South Coast Air Quality Management District (South Coast) South Coast is currently conducting a demonstration project focused on control technology for under

- fired charbroilers. South Coast released a p rogram o pportunity

n otice for this demonstration proj ect in October 2011 to solicit of proposals from control

device manufacturers. District staff assisted in reviewing the submitted proposals, making recommendations on which manufacturers should be allowed to submit their device to the testing protocol at the University of California, Riverside College of Engineering

- Center for Environmental Research and Technology test kitchen facility.

T his technology demonstration effort is testing promising prototype emission control

devices

, which will support future regulatory efforts at both South Coast and the District

. As discussed in Chapter 4, reducing emissions from commercial cooking is critical for the Valley’s attaining the 2006 PM2.5 standard, particularly in Kern County. In addition, as noted in Ap pendix D, reducing emissions from commercial charbroiling contributes to

the District’s Risk

- based Strategy.

Zero

- Emission Commercial Lawn and Garden Equipment Demonstration

California Air Resources Board

The Cordless Zero

- Emission Commercial Lawn and G arden Equipment Demonstration Program will provide eligible cordless zero

- emission commercial lawn and garden equipment to commercial landscape professionals (participants) who conduct business

within the Valley

. The cordless zero

- emission lawn and garden equipment must be designated commercial

- grade and used by commercial landscape professionals to complete multiple small to large gardening tasks over an eight

- hour workday period. Eligible equipment may include, but is not limited to, lawn mowers, edgers, trimmers/brushcutters, hedge clippers, blowers/vacuums, sweepers, and chainsaws.

The District opened a Request for Applications on August 20, 2012 and expects a program completion date of May 2013.

Participating equipment manufacturers/vendors (technol ogy demonstrators) will be responsible for providing the equipment; training to participants on the safe and efficient operation of the equipment and maintenance; and providing materials necessary for daily operation. The participants will use the equipment in real

- world settings to verify equipment durability and performance, battery capacity, and battery charge time. InSan Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District Dec ember 20, 2012

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- 8 Chapter 7 : Technology Advancement

2012 PM2.5 Plan addition, the participants will be responsible for providing monthly data and feedback to the District and technology de monstrators and may have the opportunity to keep the equipment upon submittal of all required data and information for the program. At the conclusion of the program, the District and the technology demonstrators will work together to complete a final repo rt and submit the findings to ARB.

Natural Gas

- Fired, Fan

- Type Central Furnaces with Reduced NO X Emissions South Coast Air Quality Management District South Coast is currently conducting a demonstration project focused on prototype natural gas

- fired fan

- type central furnaces with reduced NO X emissions

. South Coast released a program opportunity notice for this demonstration project in February 201 0

, which solicited a number of proposals from furnace manufacturers and gas i ndustry technology developers in partnership with furnace manufacturers

. This technology

assessment of reduced NO X central furnaces was initiated with the November 2009
amendment of South Coast Rule 1111. The District committed to financial support of

th e technology assessment in June 2010, and has provided $50,000 for the demonstration project

.

The goal of this technology assessment is to demonstrate reduced NO X furnaces capable of meeting an emissions goal of 14 nanograms NO X per joule of useful heat. Based on the preliminary results of the South Coast furnace demonstration project , the technology required to meet new NOx standards will be available by 2015. The District

has committed to amend Rule 4905 in 2014 to lower the NOx emission limits for residential furnaces and to examine the possibility of incorporating NOx limits for n atural

gas

- fired, fan

- type, commercial central furnaces into the rule, with an anticipated compliance date of 2015. This demonstration project will be an integral component of

the District’s 2014 Rule 4905 amendment.

Vision for Clean Air: A Framework f or Air Quality and Climate Planning South Coast Air Quality Management District and California Air Resources Board While the District’s air quality challenges are significant, many aspects of those challenges are not unique, and they are not isolated to th e boundaries of the Valley air

basin. Strategies for reducing emissions in the Valley are enhanced through partnerships and collaborations with other air districts and state agencies. The District seeks out opportunities for such collaborations to build strong relationships and even stronger attainment strategies.

In 2011, ARB , with the assistance of the District and South Coast AQMD, developed the Vision for Clean Air: A Framework for Air Quality and Climate Planning

. The goal of this

collaboration is to draft a common vision for mobile and stationary source strategies that integrate the need to meet federal air quality standards for PM2.5 and ozone, the need to reach California’s greenhouse gas goals, and the need to reduce public exposure to toxics (e .g. diesel particulates). This collaborative effort will take advantage of the efficiencies inherent in dealing with these three issues as inter

- dependent problems with

inter

- dependent solutions.San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District Dec ember 20, 2012

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2012 PM2.5 Plan Through the Vision for Clean Air effort, the three agencie s have been evaluating pollutant reductions needed to meet overlapping air quality requirements for 2019, 2023, 2035, and 2050. These reductions will depend on the integration of transformative measures and emerging technologies (including zero

- and near

- zero emission goods movement) with long

- range planning and control strategies. Critical to the attainment of targets will be the evaluation of the potential policies, legislation, infrastructure, and efficiencies that will ensure that South Coas t, the Valley, and California are prepared to meet the long

- term goals.San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District Dec ember 20, 2012

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