San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Polluti on Control District April 16, 2015

i. Table of Contents, List of Figures, List of Tables 2015 Plan for the 1997 PM2.5 Standard 

## Table of Contents

Executive Summary

Table of Contents

Chapter 1: Air Quality Sta ndards and Requi rements ............................................. 1-1 1.1 1997 PM2.5 Air Quality Standard ........................... ........................................ 1-1 1.2 District’s 2008 PM2.5 Plan for the 1997 PM2. 5 Standard ............................... 1-1 1.3 Transition from Subpart 1 to Subpart 4 of the Clean Air Act ........................... 1-2 1.4 Request for Reclassification to Serious Nonattainment ..... ............................. 1-3 1.4.1 Demonstration of Impracti cability of Attainment as a Mode rate Nonattainment Area by April 5, 2015 ........................... ...................... 1-3 1.4.2 EPA Action on Im practic ability .......................... ................................. 1-5 1.5 Federal Requirements for a Serious Nonattainment Area ..... ......................... 1-5 1.6 1997 PM2.5 St andard Time line .............................. ........................................ 1-7 1.7 Impracticability of Attainm ent by December 31, 2015 and Req uest for Extension of Attainment Date fo r a Serious Nonattainment Area ................... 1-8 1.8 Public Process fo r Plan Deve lopment ....................... ...................................... 1-9

Chapter 2: PM2.5 Challenges and Tre nds in the San Jo aquin Valley ................... 2-1 2.1 Challenges of the Natural Envi ronment ..................... ..................................... 2-1 2.1.1 Unique Clim ate and G eography ............................ ............................ 2-1 2.1.2 The Valley’s C arrying C apacity .......................... ............................... 2-3 2.2 The Valley’s U nique Chal lenges ............................ ......................................... 2-5 2.3 PM2.5 Emissions Inventory Trends .......................... ...................................... 2-7 2.4 PM2.5 Air Q uality Tr ends .................................. ............................................ 2-10 2.4.1 Air Monito ring Netw ork .................................. .................................. 2-10 2.4.2 Air Quality Progress

............................................................... .......... 2-11 2.4.3 Impact of Exceptional Dr ought-Related Weather Conditions on Valley PM2.5 C oncentrati ons .................................. ........................ 2-15 2.5 Condensable P articulates .................................. ........................................... 2-18 2.6 Insignificant Precursors to PM2.5 Concentrations in the Val ley .................... 2-18 2.6.1 VOC Contribution to PM2.5 Concent rations ................ .................... 2-20 2.6.2 Ammonia Contribution to PM2.5 Concentrations ............ ................. 2-21

Chapter 3: Health Impacts and the Health Risk Reducti on Strategy .................... 3-1 3.1 PM2.5 and Associat ed Health Impacts ....................... .................................... 3-1 3.2 What is the Health Risk Reduction Strategy? ............... .................................. 3-3 3.3 Background for the Health Risk Reduction Strategy ......... .............................. 3-4 3.4 Five-Factor Exposur e Assessment Methodology ............... ............................. 3-8 3.4.1 Relevance to Attainment ................................. .................................. 3-8 3.4.2 Toxicity of C hemical Species ............................ ................................. 3-8 3.4.3 Particle Siz e and Deposi tion ............................ ................................ 3-15 3.4.4 Exposure to Ultrafi ne Particles (PM 0.1) .......................................... 3-17 3.4.5 Population Proximity and Inta ke Fraction ................ ........................ 3-19San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Polluti on Control District April 16, 2015

ii. Table of Contents, List of Figures, List of Tables 2015 Plan for the 1997 PM2.5 Standard 3.5 Health Benefits Achieved by Reducing PM2.5 Emissions ...... ...................... 3-20

Chapter 4: Classificati on and Attain ment ............................................................... 4-1 4.1 Request for Attain ment Extension .......................... ........................................ 4-1 4.1.1 Attainment by the Decem ber 31, 2015 Deadline is Impractic able ..... 4-1 4.1.2 All Requirements and Commi tments in the Im plementation Pl an Have Been Met ................................................ .................................. 4-6 4.1.3 The 2015 PM2.5 Plan Contains Best Available Control Measures (BACM)

............................................................... ............................... 4-6 4.1.4 The 2015 PM2.5 Plan Contains Most Stringent Measures (MSM) .... 4-6 4.1.5 The 2015 PM2.5 Plan Includes a Demonstration of Attainment by the Most Expeditious Alternative Date Practicable ......... .............. 4-6 4.2 Commitment to Achieve Ext ra Reductions in Emissions ............................... 4-10

Chapter 5: Best Available Control M easures and Most Stringent Measures ....... 5-1 BACM Defined ................................................. ............................................... 5-1 5.1 MSM Defined .................................................. ................................................ 5-2 5.2 BACM/MSM Evaluat ion Process .................................. .................................. 5-2 5.3 De Minimis Threshold for Dete rmining Significant Source Catego ries ............ 5-4 5.4 5.4.1 Significance Dete rmination Approach ................................................ 5-5 5.4.2 De Minimis Thresholds ................................... ................................... 5-7 District BAC M and MSM ........................................ ......................................... 5-9 5.5 ARB BACM and MSM ............................................. ........................................ 5-9 5.6

Chapter 6: Demonstration of Federal Requir ements ............................................. 6-1 6.1 Fulfillment of Commitm ents from the District’s 2008 PM2.5 Plan ................... 6-1 6.1.1 District 2008 PM2.5 Plan Regulatory Co mmitments .......................... 6-2 6.1.2 District 2008 PM2.5 Plan Emission Reduction C ommitments ........... 6-2 6.2 Reasonably Available C ontrol Measures (RACM) .............. ............................ 6-5 6.3 Quantitative Mile stones and Reasonable Fu rther Progress (RF P) ................. 6-6 6.4 Contingenc y Measures ...................................... ............................................. 6-9 6.4.1 What Qualifies as a Contingency Measure? ................ .................... 6-10 6.4.2 Surplus Reductions from Im plementation of Traditional Regulations .................................................. ................................... 6-10 6.4.3 SIP-Creditable Incentive-Based Emissions Reductions ..... ............. 6-12 6.4.4 Sufficient Cont ingency Reductions ....................... ........................... 6-12 6.5 Transportation Conformity ................................. ........................................... 6-13 6.5.1 PM2.5 Requirement s for Conformity ....................... ........................ 6-14 6.5.2 Factors for Dete rmining Significance .................... ........................... 6-15 6.5.3 Assessment o f Significance .............................. ............................... 6-15 6.5.4 Confor mity Budgets ...................................... ................................... 6-16 6.5.5 Emissions Tr ading Mec hanism ............................. ........................... 6-17 6.5.6 Local Transportation Control Measures ........................................... 6-19 6.5.7 SB-375 .................................................. .......................................... 6-21 6.6 Fulfillment of Serious Ar ea Permitting Requirements........ ............................ 6-21San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Polluti on Control District April 16, 2015

iii. Table of Contents, List of Figures, List of Tables 2015 Plan for the 1997 PM2.5 Standard Chapter 7: Attain ment Stra tegy................................................................................ 7-1 7.1 Comprehensive Regulat ory Control Strategy .................................................. 7-1 7.1.1 District Regulations Cont ributing to Continued PM2.5 Improvement .................................................. ................................... 7-1 7.1.2 Commercial Charboiler Commitment in 2012 PM2.5 Plan ................ 7-6 7.1.3 ARB Regulations Cont ributing to Attainment .............. ....................... 7-6 7.2 Incent ives ................................................ ...................................................... 7-13 7.2.1 Funding Sources ......................................... .................................... 7-14 7.2.2 Incentiv e Strategy ...................................... ...................................... 7-15 7.2.3 SIP Creditability of Inc entive Programs (Rule 9610) ..... .................. 7-16 7.3 Technology Advancement .................................... ........................................ 7-16 7.3.1 Technology Focus Ar eas .................................. ............................... 7-17 7.3.2 Demonstrat ion Proj ects .................................. ................................. 7-17 7.3.3 Interagency Collaborative Demonstration Projects ........ .................. 7-18 7.4 Legislativ e Strategy....................................... ................................................ 7-19 7.5 Public Outreach ........................................... ................................................. 7-23 7.6 Additional Strategies ..................................... ................................................ 7-26

Chapter 8: Commitment to Leave No Stone Unturned to Evaluate Additional Oppor tunities .................................................................... 8-1 8.1 Rule 431 1—Flares .......................................... ................................................ 8-2 8.2 Warm Mi x Asphalt .......................................... ................................................. 8-3 8.3 Rule 4550—Conservati on Management Practices ............... .......................... 8-3San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Polluti on Control District April 16, 2015

iv. Table of Contents, List of Figures, List of Tables 2015 Plan for the 1997 PM2.5 Standard 

### Appendices

Appendix A: Ambient PM2. 5 Data Anal ysis ............................................................ A-1 A.1 PM2.5 Concentrations—M easurement and Influences ...........

........................ A-1 A.1.1 PM2.5 M onitor Ty pes .....................................

................................... A-2 A.1.2 Meteorological Influence s on PM2.5 Concentrations .......

................. A-2 A.2 Attainment Demonstr ation—Design Values ....................

................................ A-5 A.3 Ambient PM2.5 Concent ration Data Trends ...................

.............................. A-18 A.3.1 Days over the 24-Hour PM2.5 Standard

.......................................... A-18 A.3.2 Seasonal Trends - 1 st and 4 th Quarter Averages ............................. A-20 A.3.3 Annua l Trends ...........................................

...................................... A-27 A.3.4 PM2.5 Driven Air Quality Index Analysis .................

........................ A-32 A.3.5 Trends in PM 2.5 Spec ies .................................

............................... A-39

Appendix B: Emissions Inventory .......................................................................... B-1 B.1 Emissions Inv entory Tables ................................

............................................ B-1 B.2 Emissions Inventory Summary and Methodology ...............

.......................... B-20 B.2.1 Intr oducti on ............................................

.......................................... B-20 B.2.2 Emissions Invent ory Docum entation .......................

........................ B-23

Appendix C: BACM and MSM for Stat ionary and Area Sources .......................... C-1 C.i Intr oducti on .............................................. ...................................................... C-1 C.ii BACM/MSM Eval uation Pr ocess .............................. ..................................... C-2 C.iii Appendix C Organiza tion and Evaluation .................. .................................... C-4 C.iv Ammonia R egulations ...................................... .............................................. C-7 C.1 Rule 4103 Open Burn ing .................................... ........................................... C-8 C.2 Rule 4104 Reducti on of Anima l Matter ...................... .................................. C-18 C.3 Rule 4106 Prescribed Burni ng and Hazard Reduction Burning . .................. C-21 C.4 Rule 4203 Particulate Matte r Emissions from the Incineratio n of Combustible Refuse

............................................................... ...................... C-27 C.5 Rule 4204 Cotton Gins

............................................................... .................. C-29 C.6 Rule 4301 Fuel B urning Equipment .......................... ................................... C-34 C.7 Rule 4306 And Rule 4320 Adva nced Emission Reduction Options for Boilers, Steam Generators, and Process Heaters Greater than 5.0 MMBtu/hr ................................................. .............................................. C-35 C.8 Rule 4307 Boilers, Steam G enerators and Proce ss Heaters–2.0 MMBtu/hr to 5 .0 MMBtu/hr ..................................... ...................................... C-43 C.9 Rule 4308 Boilers, Steam G enerators and Proce ss Heaters–0.0 75 MMBtu/hr to less than 2.0 MMBtu/hr............................ ................................ C-49 C.10 Rule 4309 Dryers, D ehydrators, and Ovens ................. ............................... C-54 C.11 Rule 43 11 Flar es ......................................... ................................................ C-58 C.12 Rule 4313 Lime Kilns ..................................... .............................................. C-85 C.13 Rule 4352 Solid Fuel Fired Boilers, Steam Generators, and Process Heaters ...................................................... .................................................. C-87 C.14 Rule 4354 Glass Melting Fu rnaces ......................... ................................... C-102 C.15 Rule 4550 Conservati on Management Practices .............. ......................... C-106San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Polluti on Control District April 16, 2015

v. Table of Contents, List of Figures, List of Tables 2015 Plan for the 1997 PM2.5 Standard C.16 Rule 4692 Commerc ial Charbr oiling ........................ .................................. C-115 C.17 Rule 4702 Internal Combustion Engines .................................................... C-120 C.18 Rule 4703 Stati onary Gas Tu rbines ........................ ................................... C-142 C.19 Rule 4802 Sulf uric Acid Mist ............................. ......................................... C-153 C.20 Rule 4901 Wood Burning Fire places and Wood Burning Heaters ............. C-156 C.21 Rule 4902 Resident ial Water Heaters ...................... .................................. C-171 C.22 Rule 4905 Natural Gas-Fir ed, Fan-Type Central Furnaces ... .................... C-175 C.23 Rule 8011 Gener al Require ments ........................... .................................. C-179 C.24 Rule 8021 Construction, Demo lition, Excavation, Extraction , and Other Earthmoving Activities

............................................................... ................. C-182 C.25 Rule 8031 Bu lk Materials ................................. .......................................... C-185 C.26 Rule 8041 Carry out and Tra ckout .......................... .................................... C-188 C.27 Rule 8051 Open Areas ..................................... ......................................... C-191 C.28 Rule 8061 Pav ed and Unpaved Roads ........................ .............................. C-194 C.29 Rule 8071 Unpaved Vehicle/ Equipment Traffic Areas ........ ....................... C-198 C.30 Rule 8081 Agri cultural S ources ........................... ...................................... C-201 C.31 SC 001 Lawn And Garden Equipment ......................... .............................. C-204 C.32 SC 002 Ener gy Effici ency ................................. ......................................... C-210 C.33 SC 003 Fi reworks ......................................... ............................................. C-213 C.34 SC 004 Sand and Gr avel Operations ......................................................... C-216 C.35 SC 005 Asphalt/Conc rete Operations ....................... ................................. C-218 C.36 SC 006 Almond Hulli ng/Shelling Operations .............................................. C-226 C.37 SC 007 Pistachio Hulli ng/Shelling Operations ............. .............................. C-231 C.38 SC 008 Agricultur al Material Screening/ Shaking Operations ..................... C-233 C.39 SC 009 Tub Grinding ...................................... ........................................... C-235 C.40 SC 010 Abrasi ve Blast ing ................................. ......................................... C-237 C.41 Ammonia Controls ......................................... ............................................ C-239

Appendix D: BACM and MSM for Mobile Sources (Provide d by ARB) ................ D-1 Overv iew ..................................................... ................................................... D-1 BACM/MSM R equirements ........................................ .................................... D-2 Review of ARB’s Mob ile Source P rograms ....................... ............................. D-3 Summary ...................................................... ................................................ D-17 Air Resources Board Cont rol Measures, 1985-2015 .............. ...................... D-19

Appendix E: Incentive and Othe r Non-Regulator y Strate gies ................................ E-1 E.1 District Incent ive Programs ...............................

.............................................. E-1 E.1.1 Incent ive Funding .......................................

....................................... E-2 E.1.2 Incentive Programs

............................................................... ............. E-6 E.2 Technology Advancement ....................................

......................................... E-13 E.2.1 Technology Focus Ar eas ..................................

............................... E-13 E.2.2 Future Demonstr ation Projects ...........................

............................. E-14 E.2.3 Demonstration Projects in Process

.................................................. E-14 E.2.4 Interagency Collaborative Demonstration Projects ........

.................. E-19 E.3 Legislative Strategy ......................................

................................................. E-21 E.3.1 Streamline Implementat ion of the Clean Air Act ..........

.................... E-22San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Polluti on Control District April 16, 2015

vi. Table of Contents, List of Figures, List of Tables 2015 Plan for the 1997 PM2.5 Standard E.3.2 Increase State Subvention Funding to Provide More Support for Unfunded M andates .............................................

........................... E-22 E.3.3 Policies/Guidelines for the Carl Moyer Program ..........

.................... E-23 E.3.4 Cap and Tr ade Reven ues ..................................

............................. E-23 E.3.5 Oppose Climate Change Measur es that Result in Public Heal th Detriment Due to Increases in Crit eria or Toxic Air Emissions .

....... E-24 E.3.6 Disadvantaged Co mmunity Policies ........................

........................ E-24 E.3.7 Seek Funding and Other S upport from ARB and EPA to Instal l and Operate Additional Ai r Quality Monitoring Instruments throughou t the Valley

............................................................... ................................ E-24 E.3.8 Support Efforts that Provide for Cost-Effective Alternati ves to Open Burning of Agric ultural Waste .................................

......................... E-25 E.3.9 Technology Advancement ..................................

............................. E-25 E.3.10 Support Adequate Resources and Policies to Reduce the Im pact of Wildfires and their Attendan t Public Health Impact ............

.............. E-26 E.3.11 District Positions on Anti cipated Federal Legislation ..

..................... E-26 E.4 Community Outreach ........................................

............................................ E-28 E.4.1 Real-Time Air Advi sory Network (RAAN) ...................

..................... E-28 E.4.2 Real-Time Outdoor A ctivity Risk (ROAR) ..................

...................... E-29 E.4.3 Web-Based Archived Air Quality System (WAAQS) ...........

............. E-29 E.4.4 Check Befo re You Burn ...................................

................................ E-30 E.4.5 Healthy Air Living.......................................

...................................... E-31 E.5 Additional Strategies .....................................

................................................ E-31 E.5.1 Energy Efficiency .......................................

...................................... E-31 E.5.2 Eco- driving .............................................

......................................... E-32 E.5.3 Green Purchasing and Contracting ........................

......................... E-32 E.5.4 Alternat ive Energy ......................................

..................................... E-32

Appendix F: Attainment Demonstr ation (Provided by ARB) .................................. F-1 F.1 Over view .................................................. ....................................................... F-1 F.2 Modeling Approach ......................................... ................................................ F-2 F.3 Modeling Methodol ogy ...................................... .............................................. F-3 F.4 Modeling Results

............................................................... .............................. F-5 F.5 Consideration of 2014 Air Quality

............................................................... ..... F-5 F.6 Unmonito red Areas ......................................... ................................................ F-6

Appendix G: New Source Review (NSR) and Emission Reduction Credits (E RCs) .................................................................................... G-1 G.1 Intr oducti on .............................................. ...................................................... G-1 G.2 Pre-Baseline Emissi on Reduction C redits ................... ................................... G-1

Appendix H: Summary of Signifi cant Comments and Responses ...................... H-1 March 17, 2015 Proposed 2015 Plan for the 1997 PM2.5 Standard ....................... H-1 March 4, 2015 Draft 2015 Plan for the 1997 PM2.5 Standard ................................. H-2San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Polluti on Control District April 16, 2015

vii. Table of Contents, List of Figures, List of Tables 2015 Plan for the 1997 PM2.5 Standard 

### List of Figures

Figure ES-1 San Joaquin Va lley Emissions Reductions, 2015 PM2.5 Plan ............. ES-3 Figure 1-1 1997 PM2.5 Standard Ti meline ....................... ....................................... 1-7 Figure 2-1 San Joaquin Valley Ai r Basin ....................... ........................................... 2-2 Figure 2-2 Atmospher e with and without a Tem perature Inversion .......................... 2-3 Figure 2-3 Trend in Days over the 24-hour PM2.5 Standard ...... ............................. 2-6 Figure 2-4 Valley PM2.5 Winter Emissions Inventory Trend ...... .............................. 2-8 Figure 2-5 Valley Winter NO x Emissions Inventory Trend ........ ............................... 2-9 Figure 2-6 Valley PM2.5 Annual a nd Winter Inventory Trends .... .......................... 2-10 Figure 2-7 Air Monitori ng Sites in t he Valley ................. ......................................... 2-11 Figure 2-8 Historical PM2.5 24- hour and Annual Design Value Tre nds ................. 2-13 Figure 2-9 Trend of 24-Hour Ave rage PM2.5 Design Values at Bakersfield-C alifornia ....................................... ..................................... 2-14 Figure 2-10 Trend of Annual Aver age PM2.5 Design Values at Bake rsfield-Planz .. 2-14 Figure 2-11 Trend of Fourth-Q uarter Average at Visalia ........ .................................. 2-15 Figure 2-12 Average PM2.5 by Mont h in 2013 in Stockton, Fresno, Bakersfield ..... 2-16 Figure 2-13 Average Atmospheric S tability per Winter Season ... ............................ 2-17 Figure 2-14 Modeled Regi onal Distribution of Ammonium Nitrate . .......................... 2-23 Figure 2-15 Ammonia versus Nitri c Acid Measurements at Angiola ......................... 2-24 Figure 2-16 Abundance of Ammonia in the San Joaquin Valley .... .......................... 2-25 Figure 2-17 NOx Control Reduces A mmonium Nitrate Most Efficient ly ................... 2-25 Figure 2-18 Modeled Ammoni um Nitrate Response to Ammonia vs. NOx Controls

............................................................... .... 2-26 Figure 2-19 Correlation betw een NOx Reductions and Observed Ammonium Nitra te in Fr esno ................................... ............................. 2-26 Figure 3-1 Visual Comparison of PM10, PM2.5, Human Hair, and Fine Beac h Sand .......................................... ................................... 3-1 Figure 3-2 Annual Av erage PM2.5 Chemical Composition .......... .......................... 3-12 Figure 3-3 Relationships Between Particle Size Distribution and Respiratory Deposition Zones

............................................................... 3-16 Figure 3-4 Particle Number D eposition Fraction (DF) and Total Particle Deposition o f PM0.1 at Rest and Exercise ...... ................ 3-17 Figure 3-5 Electron Micrograph of an Ultrafine Particle .......................................... 3-18 Figure 3-6 Simplified In take Fracti on Model ................... ........................................ 3-19 Figure 6-1 NOx RFP Dem onstration – Linear Progress Toward Attai nment ............ 6-8 Figure 6-2 Illustration of Valle y MPO Funding for Sample TCM Ca tegories .......... 6-20 Figure A-1 Drought Extent and Severity in California ..........

..................................... A-3 Figures A-2.1 through A-2.32 24- hour and Annual De sign Value Tr ends ............ A-10 Figure A-3 Trend in Days over th e 1997 24-Hour PM2.5 Standard .

....................... A-19 Figures A-4.1 through A-4.12 Quarter Average Trends ...........

............................ A-21 Figures A-5.1 through A-5.12 Co llection of Top 5 Average Trends

..................... A-24 Figures A-6.1 through A-6.16 PM2.5 Diurnal Profiles ...........

............................... A-28 Figure A-7 Air Quality Index (AQI) Categories .................

....................................... A-33San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Polluti on Control District April 16, 2015

viii. Table of Contents, List of Figures, List of Tables 2015 Plan for the 1997 PM2.5 Standard Figures A-8.1 through A-8.4 Num ber of Days per AQI Category per Year: Stockton-Hazelton, Tracy, Modesto, and Turlock .....................................................

............. A-35 Figures A-8.5 through A-8.8 Num ber of Days per AQI Category per Year: Merced, Clovis, Fresno-First/Garland, and Hanf ord .....................................................

............ A-36 Figures A-8.9 through A-8.11 Num ber of Days per AQI Category pe r Year: Corcoran, Visalia, and Bakersfield California ........ A-37 Figures A-8.12 through A-8.14 PM2. 5 AQI Site Average, PM2.5 AQI Year Average, and PM2.5 AQI Average for All Sites and All Years Combined ......................... A-38 Figure A-9 Average PM2. 5 Speciati on Mass ......................

.................................... A-43 Figure A-10 Maximum P M2.5 Specia tion Mass .....................

................................... A-43 Figure A-11 Sum of Ammonium (NH4+) and Nitrate (NO3-) Speciatio n Mass ......... A-44 Figure A-12 Average Value Ammonium Nitrate Trend ..............

............................... A-45 Figure A-13 Sum of Ammonium (NH4+) and Nitrate (NO3-) Speciatio n Mass ......... A-46 Figure A-14 Maximum Monthly Pe rcentage of PM2.5 Attributable to Ammonium Nitrate .............................................

................................... A-46 Figure A-15 Sum of Sulfate ((SO 4 ) 2- ) and Nitrate (NO 3- ) Speciation Mass ............... A-48 Figure A-16 Increase of So il Elements During a Drought ........

................................. A-50 Figure C-1 Agricultural Burn Z ones Defined in the District SMS .............................. C-9 Figure C-2 Sample Agricultura l Burn Permit (Front Page) ....... .............................. C-16 Figure C-3 Image of a Typical 40' Biomass Box Used in Placer Co unty in 2007 ... C-25 Figure C-4 Average Flare Capacitie s in California Air Districts .............................. C-61 Figure C-5 Summary of Reasons for Reportable Flaring Events (20 11-2012) ...... C-70 Figure C-6 Percent of Reportable Flaring from All Sources (2011 -2012) .............. C-71 Figure C-7 Illustration of S ection 5.3.1 Requirements ......... ................................ C-163 Figure C-8 Illustration of S ection 5.3.2 Requirements ......... ................................ C-163 Figure C-9 Average PM2.5 Emissions Based on Wood Burning Heater Type .... C-165 Figure C-10 Proportion of Resident s with a Wood-Bu rning Firepla ce, Wood Stove or Pellet Stove

............................................................... .................. ......C-166 Figure F-1 Mode ling Domains ................................... ............................................... F-3 Figure F-2 Average PM2.5 Perc ent Composition During 2004-2006 Compared to 2011- 2013 ........................................ ................................. F-8 Figure F-3 Comparison of Concentra tions of Select Soil Elements : Bakersfield-California & Bakersfield-Planz ............................................ F-14 Figure F-4 Bakersfield-Planz PM 2.5 FRM Moni tor ................................................... F-15 Figure F-5 Aerial Photo of Bak ersfield Municipal Airport ...... .................................. F-15 Figure F-6 Aerial Photo of Baker sfield Municipal Airport - Pote ntial nearby Fugitive Dust ................................................ ......................................... F-16 Figure F-7 May 2013 Wind Speeds at B akersfield-Planz by Hour .. ....................... F-17 Figure F-8 Days with High Wind S peeds at Bakersfield-Planz by H our ................. F-18San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Polluti on Control District April 16, 2015

ix. Table of Contents, List of Figures, List of Tables 2015 Plan for the 1997 PM2.5 Standard 

### List of Tables

Table 1-1 Preliminary Recorded Annual Average PM2.5 Concentrati ons (in μg/m3) for Selected Sites in the Valley and Comparison to Lowest R ecorded .............................................. ...................................... 1-4 Table 1-2 Preliminary Recor ded 2014 24-hour PM2.5 Concentration s (in μg/m3) for Selected Sites in the Valley and Calculation of 98 th Percentile Values ............................................ ................................. 1-5 Table 1-3 Statutory Requirement s Applicable to Serious Nonattai nment Areas ..... 1-6 Table 1-4 2015 PM2.5 Plan Development and Public W orkshop Timeline ............. 1-9 Table 2-1 Estimated Valley P opulation by County (2010-2020) ... ........................... 2-5 Table 2-2 Calendar Year Rainfall Totals for Select California C ities ..................... 2-18 Table 3-1 Summary o f PM2.5 Species ............................ ....................................... 3-2 Table 4-1 Maximum Allowable PM 2.5 Annual Averages Needed in 201 5 to Reach Attainment of Annual S tandard in 2013-2015 ............. ................. 4-4 Table 4-2 Maximum Allowable 98 th Percentile 24-Hour Average PM2.5 Concentrations Needed in 2015 to Reach Attainment of 24-Hour S tandard ............................................. ...................................... 4-5 Table 4-3 Projected 2020 Annual and 2018 24-hour Design Values ...................... 4-9 Table 5-1 PM2.5 Significance Thresholds (μg/m 3 ) .................................................. 5-5 Table 5-2 Valley Source Category De Minimis Determinations (usi ng 2012 data) .. 5-7 Table 6-1 2008 PM2.5 Plan Stationary Source Regul atory Commitments .............. 6-2 Table 6-2 Summary Comparison of P lan Commitments to Actual Emis sion Reductions (Annual Aver age Emissions (tpd)) ................... .................... 6-3 Table 6-3 Demonstration of Su fficient Emissions Reductions (Ann ual Average) .... 6-4 Table 6-4 Emissions Reductions Needed to Advance Attainment by One Year ..... 6-5 Table 6-5 Emissions Inventory wit h Plan Control Strategy (tpd) ............................. 6-7 Table 6-6 Total Reductions Nece ssary to Reach Attainment (tpd) ......................... 6-7 Table 6-7 Target Emissions Level s for RFP Milestone Years (tpd) ......................... 6-7 Table 6-8 RFP Target Dem onstration (2014 and 2017) ............ .............................. 6-8 Table 6-9 Contingency Emission s Reductions Target (tpd) ....... ............................. 6-9 Table 6-10 Reductions Surplus to RFP for Contingency (tpd) .... ............................ 6-10 Table 6-11 Attainment Contingenc ies Traditional Regulatory Redu ctions (tpd) ...... 6-11 Table 6-12 Demonstration of S ufficient Contingency Reductions . .......................... 6-13 Table 6-13 San Joaquin Valley Tr ansportation Conformity Budgets (tpd, annual average)

............................................................... ................................. 6-17 Table 7-1 District Regulations C ontributing to Attainment of PM 2.5 NAAQS .......... 7-2 Table 7-2 Adopted AR B Regulations ............................. ......................................... 7-7 Table 7-3 Phased Impl ementation of WAAQS ...................... ................................ 7-25 Table A-1 2013 Calendar Year Rainf all Totals for Select Valley and Californi a Cities ............................................

........................................... A-4 Table A-2 General PM2.5 Design Value Calculation Methods ......

.......................... A-5 Table A-3 Single Year 24-hour A verage PM2.5 98th Percentile Val ues (μg/m 3 ) ..... A-7 Table A-4 24-hour Average PM2.5 De sign Values (Three-Year Avera ges, μg/m 3 ), end year list ed (2011-2013, 2013)

.............................................. A-7 Table A-5 Single Year Annual M ean PM2.5 Concentrations (μg/m 3 ) ...................... A-8San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Polluti on Control District April 16, 2015

x. Table of Contents, List of Figures, List of Tables 2015 Plan for the 1997 PM2.5 Standard Table A-6 Annual PM2.5 Design Va lues (Three-Year Averages, μg/m 3 ), end year listed (2011-2013, 2013) ............................

.............................. A-9 Table A-7 PM2. 5 AQI Scale .....................................

............................................. A-32 Table A-8 Largest Mass Contribut ions Reported in Speciation Ana lysis ............... A-40 Table A-9 Smaller and Trace Lev el Mass Contributions Reported i n the Speciation Analysis.................................................................. A-41 Table B-1 Directly Emitted PM2.5 ..............................

............................................. B-1 Table B-2 NOx..................................................

....................................................... B-5 Table B-3 SOx .................................................

........................................................ B-9 Table B- 4 VOC .................................................

..................................................... B-12 Table B-5 Ammonia

............................................................... ................................ B-16 Table B-6 Growth Surrogates for Stationary Sources ............

............................... B-23 Table B-7 Growth Surrogat es for Areawide Sources

............................................. B-29 Table B-8 District Rules Incl uded in the SIP inventory ........

.................................. B-29 Table B-9 Growth Surrogat es for Mobile Sources ................

................................. B-34 Table C-1 District Regulations C ontributing to Attainment of PM 2.5 NAAQS ......... C-1 Table C-2 Comparison of Flaring Capacity for Flares in Californ ia Air Districts .... C-60 Table C-3 NOx Emissions Inventorie s for Flares in California Ai r Districts (tpd) .. C-62 Table C-4 VOC Emissions Inventorie s for Flares in California Ai r Districts (tpd) .. C-62 Table C-5 SOx Emissions Inventorie s for Flares in California Ai r Districts (tpd) ... C-62 Table C-6 Rule 4311 Emission Li mits for Ground-level Enclosed F lares ............. C-65 Table C-7 Submitted FMPs Summarized by Industry ............... ............................ C-66 Table C-8 Sample FMP Measures by Facility Type .............................................. C-67 Table C-9 Summary of Total Repor table Flaring Events from 2011- 2012 Period . C-70 Table C-10 Summary of Rul e Requirement Comparisons ...................................... C-73 Table C-11 Percent of Gas Fl ared at Valley Facilities ......... ................................... C-80 Table C-12 Emissions from a MSW Unit .......................... ...................................... C-92 Table C-13 Cost Effectiveness for Installing SCR on a MSW Unit ......................... C-93 Table C-14 Summary of Cost Effec tiveness for Installing SCR on a MSW Unit ..... C-95 Table C-15 Emissions Calculati ons for a Biomass Unit .......... ................................ C-96 Table C-16 Cost Effectiveness for Installing SCR on a Biomass U nit .................... C-96 Table C-17 Emissions Calcula tions for Other Units ............. ................................... C-97 Table C-18 Cost Effectiveness fo r Installing SCR Other Unit ... .............................. C-98 Table C-19 Comparison of Distric t and SCAQMD NOx Emission Limit s for Non-Agricultural Operations (No n-AO) Spark-Ignited Waste Gas Engines Rated at >50 bhp (c orrected to 15% oxygen on a dry basis) .............................................. ..................................... C-123 Table C-20 Comparison of Distric t and SCAQMD NOx Emission Limit s for Non-AO Spark-Ignited Engines Rated >50 bhp (corrected to 15% oxygen on a dry basis) .......................................... C-124 Table C-21 Comparison of Distric t and SCAQMD NOx Emission Limit s for Agricultural Operations (AO) S park-Ignited Engi nes Rated >50 b hp (corrected to 15% oxygen on a dry basis) .......................................... C-124 Table C-22 Annual Cost s for Retrofitting an Existing Limited Us e Lean-Burn Engine and Installing a New Li mited Use Lean-Burn Engine with SCR ..................................................... ....................................... C-128San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Polluti on Control District April 16, 2015

xi. Table of Contents, List of Figures, List of Tables 2015 Plan for the 1997 PM2.5 Standard Table C-23 Annual Cost s for Retrofitting an Existing Limited Us e Rich-Burn Engine ............................................. .................................. C-130 Table C-24 Annual Cost s for Retrofitting an Existing AO Lean-Bu rn Engine with SCR and Installing a New AO Le an-Burn Engine with SCR ........ ...... C-133 Table C-25 Annual Cost s for Installing a New AO Lean-Burn Engin e .................. C-135 Table C-26 Annual Cost for Instal ling a New AO Rich-Burn Engine with a 3-way C atalyst ............................................. ................................... C-136 Table C-27 Annual Cost for Instal ling a New AO Rich-Burn Engine with a 3-way C atalyst ............................................. ................................... C-138 Table C-28 SCR Annual Costs for a New Installation on a 1 MW Tu rbine ........... C-146 Table C-29 SCR Annual C osts for a Retrofit on a 1 MW Turbine .. ....................... C-147 Table C-30 SCR Cost Effectiveness

............................................................... ...... C-149 Table C-31 Subpart AAA P M Emissions Limits .................... ................................ C-159 Table C-32 Average Number of Da ys Forecast Above Curtailment Th resholds* . C-161 Table C-33 Days wit h PM2.5 ≥ 30μg/m 3

.............................................................. . C-162 Table C-34 Emissions Reductions and Cost Effectiveness of Water Heaters by Fuel Type .................................................... ....................................... C-173 Table C-35 City Bans of Leaf Blowers .......................... ........................................ C-208 Table C-36 NOx Emission Redu ctions for Warm-mix Asphalt ....... ....................... C-223 Table C-37 Emission Inventory Codes ........................... ...................................... C-281 Table 1 1 BACM Signific ance Levels ..................................... ................................ D-3 Table 2 1 ARB Emission St andards Wai vers ............................... .......................... D-4 Table 3 1 ARB Emission Standards Authorizations ........................ ....................... D-4 Table 4 1 Emissions from Light- and Medi um Duty Vehicles in the San Joaquin Valley ........................................... ..................................... D-5 Table 5 1 State’s Adoption of ARB’s L ight- and Medium-Duty Vehicle Regulations .................................................. .......................................... D-7 Table 6 1 Emissions from Heavy-Du ty Vehicles in SJV .................... ..................... D-8 Table 7 1 Phase-in of Truck Engine St andards ........................... .......................... D-9 Table 8 1 States Adoption of ARB’s Hea vy-Duty Vehicle Regulation ....... ........... D-12 Table 9 1 Emissions form Off-Road Equipment in SJV ..................... .................. D-12 Table 10 1 Phase-in of Off-R oad Engine St andards ........................ ...................... D-13 Table 11 1 Emissions from Farm Equipment in SJV .............................................. D-15 Table 12 1 Emissions from Cargo Hand ling Equipment in SJV ............... .............. D-15 Table 13 1 Emissions from Other Mob ile Sources in SJV ................... .................. D-16 Table 14 1 Air Resources Board Cont rol Measures, 1985-2015 .............. ............. D-19 Table F-1 Projected 2020 Annual and 2018 24-hour Design Values ...................... F-7 Table F-2 Highest SJV PM2.5 Concentrations - April thru September 2000-2013 (μg/m 3 ) ............................................................. ..................................... F-12 Table F-3 PM2.5 FRM and FEM Concentrations in the San Joaquin Valley on May 5, 2013 .................................................. ........................................ F-13 Table G-1 Estimated PM2.5 Grow th, Control, and Estimated Offset Use ............... G-6 Table G-2 Estimated NOx Growth , Control, and Estimated Offset U se .................. G-8

1 Appendix D was provided by ARB; the tables are not labeled with the appendix prefix (i.e. D

‐ XX) as in other appendices.San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Polluti on Control District April 16, 2015

xii. Table of Contents, List of Figures, List of Tables 2015 Plan for the 1997 PM2.5 Standard Table G-3 Estimated SOx Growth , Control, and Estimated Offset U se ................ G-10 Table G-4 Estimated VOC Growth , Control, and Estimated Offset U se ............... G-12 Table G-5 List of Emission Reduc tion Credits PM10 and PM2.5 Pre cursors ....... G-14