Appendix L.4: Holcim 

Appendix L.4 contents: 

 L.4.1 Appendix summary 

 

L.4.2 BART information request letter 

 

 L.4.3 BART eligibility letter 

 

 L.4.4 Modeling protocol 

 

 L.4.5 EPA comments on modeling protocol 

 L.4.6 Facility response to EPA comments 

 L.4.7 BART exemption model report 

 L.4.8 BART exemption letter 
Holcim (1680-00025) BART Process Summary 

As a portland cement plant, Holcim meets the initial BART eligibility requirement of 

source category code. Holcim is 148 km from Sipsey Wilderness Area, a Class I area, 

and has a possible visibility impact. Therefore, on February 28, 2002, Mississippi 

Department of Environmental Quality (MDEQ) sent them a letter requesting information 

to determine BART eligibility. Based on the information received from Holcim, one unit 

was deemed BART eligible because it met the following criteria: 

• operating or under construction between Aug.7, 1962 to Aug.7, 1977 

• having potential emissions that exceed the limit of 250 tons per year for 

SO2, NOx, or PM10. 

The following is the BART-eligible point source for Holcim. 

• Wet process cement kiln 

o installed in 1973 

o potential SO2 emissions of 5593 tons per year. 

o potential NOx emissions of 3390 tons per year 

o potential PM10 emissions of 95 tons per year 

o electrostatic precipitator 

As a result, Holcim was required to perform CALPUFF modeling on this unit. 

Using the conservative default option of disabling puff splitting algorithms and the old 

IMPROVE equation, the modeling analysis demonstrated a 98th percentile 24-hour 

average visibility impact of 0.34 dv for Sipsey. The threshold contribution for BART 

subjectivity is 0.5 dv; therefore, Holcim is not BART subject. 

Appendix L.4.1
Appendix L.4.2
Appendix L.4.2
Appendix L.4.3
Appendix L.4.3
 

BEST AVAILABLE RETROFIT TECHNOLOGY 

(BART) EXEMPTION MODELING PROTOCOL 

FOR THE HOLCIM FACILITY IN 

ARTESIA, MISSISSIPPI 

Prepared for: 

Holcim(US) Inc. 

8677 Highway 45 South Alternate 

Artesia, MS 39736 

Prepared by: 

RTP Environmental Associates 

304A West Millbrook Road 

Raleigh, North Carolina 27609 

July 2006

Appendix L.4.4
i 

Table of Contents

1.0 INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................... 1

2.0 FACILITY LOCATION, DESCRIPTION OF SOURCES AND CLASS I 

AREAS TO BE EVALUATED ............................................................................... 2

3.0 OVERVIEW OF BART EXEMPTION MODELING APPROACH ............................ 8 

3.1 CALPUFF Input................................................................................................... 9 

Modeling Domain ...................................................................................................... 9 

Class I Area Receptors ........................................................................................... 10 

Control File Settings................................................................................................ 10 

Ozone and Ammonia Background Values............................................................... 10 

3.2 CALPOST Input................................................................................................. 12

4.0 INTERPRETATION AND PRESENTATION OF MODEL RESULTS.................... 13 

List of Tables

Table 1. Modeled Stack Parameter Data ....................................................................... 5

 

List of Figures

Figure 1. Location of the Holcim Artesia Facility ............................................................ 3

Figure 2. Location of the Sipsey Class I Area ................................................................ 7

Figure 3. Proposed CALPUFF Modeling Domain......................................................... 11 
1 

1.0 INTRODUCTION 

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) published final amendments to its 

1999 regional haze rule on July 6, 2005 (70 FR 39104). Under this regulation, certain 

existing stationary sources that emit visibility impairing pollutants must install and 

operate the Best Available Retrofit Technology (BART). BART is required for sources 

that fit specific criteria and that “may reasonably be anticipated to cause or contribute” 

to visibility impairment in any Class I area. The determination of what constitutes BART 

is made on a case-by-case basis considering technical feasibility, costs of compliance, 

energy impacts, and the modeled reduction in visibility impacts. Air quality modeling is 

used both to determine whether a source may reasonably be anticipated to cause or 

contribute to a visibility impact (i.e., whether a source is subject to BART) and as a 

means for evaluating the degree of visibility improvement resulting from BART. This 

document constitutes the proposed protocol for conducting the BART exemption 

component of the modeling for the Holcim(US) Inc. (Holcim) facility located in Artesia, 

Mississippi. 

The Visibility Improvement State and Tribal Association of the Southeast (VISTAS) 

Regional Planning Organization (RPO) recently issued its final protocol for the 

application of the CALPUFF model for analysis of BART.1

 Protocols for exemption 

modeling for individual sources are due the Mississippi Department of Environmental 

Quality (MDEQ) by August 31, 2006. Without exception, this protocol follows the latest 

guidance outlined in the final VISTAS protocol. 

 

1

 “Protocol for the Appication of the CALPUFF Model for Analysis of Best Available Retrofit Technology (BART), 

December 22, 2005 (with revisions January 23 and March 9, 2006). 
2 

2.0 FACILITY LOCATION, DESCRIPTION OF SOURCES AND CLASS I AREAS 

TO BE EVALUATED 

The Holcim (US) Inc. Artesia facility is located in northeastern Mississippi in Lowndes 

County. The facility is approximately 25 miles south-southwest of Columbus. The 

approximate Lambert Conformal Conic (LCC) coordinates of the facility are 

775.257 kilometers east and -699.150 kilometers north. Figure 1 shows the location of 

the facility on the Crawford West 7.5 minute USGS topographic quadrangle. 

The Artesia plant produces portland cement using a wet process kiln, which means the 

raw materials are fed to the kiln using water. The primary raw materials (sand, iron ore, 

limestone, and chalk) are either mined on-site or transported to the plant site. The 

materials are crushed or milled. Water is added to the raw mill to create a pumpable 

slurry, or slip, of approximately 65% solids. The slurry is stored in a basin until it is fed 

to the kiln for pyroprocessing. The facility operates one kiln with a total production 

capacity of 525,000 tons of clinker per year. The clinker is milled and combined with 

other raw materials to form cement. The total annual cement capacity of the facility is 

approximately 650,000 tons per year. The kiln accounts for nearly 98% of total facility 

(all pollutants) emissions. Material handling, which consists of numerous conveyor belts 

and transfer operations, as well as milling activities and roadways also contribute to 

particulate matter emissions from the facility, although to a much lesser extent.

The BART provisions focus on reducing emissions from large sources that, due to age, 

were exempted from other control requirements in the Clean Air Act. An emissions 

source is considered eligible for BART if it falls into one of 26 listed categories, has the 

potential to emit at least 250 tons per year of any haze forming pollutant, and existed on 

August 7, 1977, yet was not in operation before August 7, 1962. Thus, the BART 

provisions do not cover all sources that may cause or contribute to visibility impairment 

in a Class I area. 

 
3 

0 600 1,200 1,800 2,400 300

Meters ®

Holcim Artesia

Figure 1. Location of the Holcim Artesia Facility 
4 

Only the kiln will be evaluated for potential BART eligibility. The kiln is the only BARTeligible source that emits appreciable amounts of NOx and SO2. The remaining 

emission units emit only particulate matter and are generally fugitive in nature. These 

sources are not anticipated to result in visibility impacts. 

Maximum, 24-hour actual emission rates during normal operation for the 2001-2003 

period will be determined and modeled in CALPUFF. NOx and SO2 emissions from the 

kiln will be obtained from continuous emission monitors (CEMS). Particulate emissions 

will be based upon stack test data. All PM10 emission will be assumed to be filterable 

and will be speciated, using VISTAS provided speciation profiles for wet process 

cement kilns, into PM10 (PMC or PM Coarse), PM2.5 (PMF or PM Fine), and elemental 

carbon (EC). As recommended by VISTAS, the condensable PM10 fraction will be 

assumed to be 20.8% of the total PM10 emissions rate. The total PM10 rate will be 

calculated from the filterable fraction assuming that the filterable fraction is 79.2% of the 

total. The condensable fraction will then be speciated (again using the VISTAS 

recommended speciation profiles) into sulfates and secondary organic aerosols (SOA). 

Based upon the latest guidance from VISTAS, Holcim will only model emissions of NOx, 

SO2, and PM10. Holcim does not intend to evaluate emissions of volatile organic 

compounds (VOCs) or ammonia. The stack parameters that will be evaluated are 

provided in Table 1. 
5 

Table 1. Modeled Stack Parameter Data 

Model 

Source 

ID 

Source 

Description 

LCC E 

(km)a

LCC N 

(km)a

Stack 

Height 

(m) 

Base 

Elevation 

(m) 

Stack 

Diameter 

(m) 

Exit 

Velocity 

(m/sec) 

Temp. 

(K) 

Sigma 

Y (m) 

S

Z 

S26 Kiln 775.257 -699.150 60.96 86.3 3.35 16.4 424 0 

aLambert Conformal Conic (LCC) coordinates are based upon an origin of 40.0N and 97.0W with Standard Parallels of 33.0N and 45.0N 
6 

Class I areas are national parks and wilderness areas in which visibility is more 

stringently protected under the Clean Air Act than any other areas in the United 

States. The VISTAS protocol requires evaluation of impacts at all Class I areas that are 

located within 300 km of a BART-eligible source. 

There is one Class I area located within 300 km of the Holcim site that requires 

evaluation: the Sipsey Wilderness Area. Sipsey is located 148 km to the northeast of 

the Holcim facility. Figure 2 shows the location of this Class I area with respect to the 

Holcim facility. Figure 2 also shows the other Class I areas in the vicinity of Holcim, but 

greater than 300 km away. 
7 

[

300km Radius from Holcim

Holcim Artesia Facility

Sipsey Wilderness Area

Mingo NWR

Breton NWR

Breton NWR

Mammoth Cave NP

® 0 75,000 150,000 225,000 300,000 37,500 Meters

Figure 2. Location of the Sipsey Class I Area 
8 

3.0 OVERVIEW OF BART EXEMPTION MODELING APPROACH

According to the BART regulation (FR 39162), an individual source is considered to 

contribute to visibility impairment in a Class I area if it has at least a 0.5 deciview (dv) 

impact. Sources which do not contribute to visibility impairment in a Class I area are not 

subject to the BART requirements. The objective of this modeling protocol is to 

describe the procedures that will be employed in evaluating whether the Holcim facility 

in Artesia, MS is subject to BART. 

The BART determination process includes other steps in addition to the modeling 

described in this protocol. These steps, which include evaluation of costs of 

compliance, energy and non-air quality impacts, remaining useful life of the emission 

units, existing pollution control technologies, and improvements in visibility expected 

from the use of BART controls, are not addressed in this protocol. The modeling 

proposed by Holcim involves modeling source-specific units and comparing modeled 

impacts to the 0.5 deciview threshold. If the BART-eligible emission units at Holcim are 

determined to contribute less than a 0.5 dv change at the Sipsey Class I area, the plant 

will be exempt from further BART review. 

The modeling will generally follow EPA’s Interagency Workgroup on Air Quality 

Modeling (IWAQM) and VISTAS guidance, Phase 2 recommendations, for long-range 

transport.2

 The IWAQM guidance was developed to address air quality impacts—as 

assessed through the Prevention of Significant Deterioration permitting program. 

A two tier approach is recommended by VISTAS for conducting the BART exemption 

analysis. For the initial modeling, VISTAS recommends use of the CALPUFF modeling 

system with a 3-yr, 12 km CALMET meteorological dataset provided by VISTAS. The 

maximum, 24-hour average value across all receptors in each Class I area is compared 

 

2 2

 Interagency Workgroup on Air Quality Modeling (IWAQM) Phase 2 Summary Report and Recommendations for 

Modeling Long_Range Transport Impacts, EPA-454/R-98-019, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Air Quality 

Modeling Group, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. December, 1998. 
9 

to the threshold value of 0.5 dv. If the maximum, 24-hr average value is below 0.5 dv at 

all Class I area receptors, then the demonstration is made that the facility in question is 

not subject to BART. If the maximum value is above 0.5 dv, then the source proceeds 

to the second tier of the evaluation. The second tier involves use of a finer, 4 km 

CALMET dataset, also provided by VISTAS. For the finer grid analysis, the 98th

percentile impact value for the 24-hr average is used to determine whether the source 

contributes greater than a .05 change in deciview. Either the 8th highest day in each 

year or the 22nd highest day in the 3-year period, whichever is more conservative, is to 

be used for comparison to the exemption threshold. Holcim will forgo the initial tier of 

the modeling and proceed directly to the finer, 4km grid modeling. 

In creating the CALMET input files, VISTAS used the MM5 databases developed by 

EPA for 2001, VISTAS for 2002, and Midwest RPO for 2003. The 12 km grid, large 

domain covering the entire VISTAS region, were created using the No-Obs setting (i.e., 

did not include additional surface and upper air observations beyond those incorporated 

in the MM5 calculations). For finer resolution subdomains (4 km grid or less), available 

surface and upper air observations were used in addition to MM5 meteorological model 

outputs. 

 

3.1 CALPUFF Input

The VISTAS-provided CALMET output will be input to the CALPUFF model, which 

simulates the effects of the meteorological conditions on the transport and dispersion of 

pollutants from an individual source. No CALMET runs will therefore be required to 

process meteorological, land use, or terrain data. As a result, CALMET settings are not 

discussed in this protocol. 

Modeling Domain 

The CALPUFF modeling domain is designed to include the Holcim facility and the 

Sipsey Class I areas (this is the only Class I Area within 300 km of Holcim). A 50 km 

buffer zone in each direction was included in establishing the modeling domain. The 
10 

domain dimensions are therefore 207 km east-west by 224 km north-south. The 

proposed modeling domain is shown in Figure 3. For the 4 km grid runs, 52 grid cells 

will be employed in the east-west axis and 56 in the north-south axis. 

Class I Area Receptors 

Holcim will use the FLM Class I receptors for Sipsey, with elevations, as obtained from 

the National Parks Service. The NPS receptors are shown in Figure 3. The receptor 

coordinates and elevations are provided in Appendix A. 

Control File Settings 

In general, Holcim proposes to use default options in the CALPUFF model.3

 The 

deviations from the default values are discussed below. 

• The MESOPUFF II module will be used for chemical transformation (MCHEM=1)

• Number of vertical layers (NZ) will be set to 11 and cell face heights (ZFACE) of 

0, 20, 40, 80, 160, 320, 640, 1200, 2000, 3000, 4000 meters will be used (to be 

consistent with CALMET runs).

• The integrated puff sampling methodology will be used for puff recognition.

• Building downwash will be ignored because the Class Areas I are located greater 

than 50 km from the source and downwash should not influence concentration 

estimates.

Ozone and Ammonia Background Values 

CALPUFF uses background ozone (O3) values in its chemistry module. The model 

accepts either a single background value or an input file of hourly ozone values 

commensurate with the period of the meteorological data. Holcim proposes to use 

observed ozone data for 2001-2003 from CASTNet and AIRS stations (the hourly data 

have been provided by VISTAS and extracted for the modeling domain using the 

subdomn utility provided in the CALPUFF GUI). Per VISTAS Guidance, Holcim also 

intends to us a constant ammonia background value of 0.5 ppb. 

 

3

 As defined by pages B-2 through B-8 of the IWAQM Phase 2 Summary Report. 
11 

[

Meteorological Domain

Computational Domain

® 0 58,000 116,000 174,000 232,000 29,000 Meters

Sipsey Receptors

Figure 3. Proposed CALPUFF Modeling Domain 
12 

3.2 CALPOST Input

Input required by CALPOST includes an input control file and the hourly concentration 

output file from CALPUFF. The primary settings for the CALPOST control file are 

associated with the method for calculation of light extinction. The CALPOST control file 

will be set such that the background light extinction calculation Visibility Method 6 

(MVISBK=6) is used. This is the VISTAS default value as described in VISTAS’ 

protocol document. As required by Method 6, The EPA Class I area-specific (centroid) 

monthly relative humidity values for the Sipsey Class I area will be used. These values 

will be obtained from Table A-3 of the EPA’s “Guidance for Estimating Natural Visibility 

Conditions Under the Regional Haze Rule”.4 

To develop background conditions for visibility Method 6, Holcim will use Equation 3-2 

of the VISTAS protocol document to calculate the extinction coefficient that corresponds 

to EPA’s haze index value for the Sipsey. The Rayleigh scattering value of 10Mm-1 will 

then be subtracted from this value and entered as the soil concentration (in μg/m3) in 

CALPOST. 

 

4

 “Guidance for Estimating Natural Visibility Conditions Under the Regional Haze Rule”, EPA-450/B-03-005, 

September 2003. 
 13 

4.0 INTERPRETATION AND PRESENTATION OF MODEL RESULTS

The CALPUFF modeling system will be executed with input data and settings as 

described in Sections 2 and 3. Delta-deciview results, necessary for comparison with 

the 0.5 dv visibility threshold, will be obtained from the “24HR VISIBILITY (deciview)” 

table in the CALPOST output file. The regional haze regulation and BART guideline 

state that the 98th percentile of 24-hour CALPUFF modeling results are to be compared 

with the contribution threshold for purposes of determining BART applicability. A 24-

hour prediction greater than 0.5 delta-deciview at any receptor in a Class I area would 

constitute a day of exceedance. Up to 7 days of exceedance are therefore allowed per 

year per Class I area (i.e., the 98th percentile is approximated by the eighth-highest daily 

prediction). If more than 7 days/yr are calculated with a delta deciview value greater 

than 0.5, Holcim may be considered as BART-applicable. 

A report will be prepared to detail the procedures and results of the modeling analysis. 

Electronic versions of all CALPUFF and CALPOST input and output files will be 

provided with the BART modeling report. 
 

APPENDIX A 

Sipsey Receptor Locations and Elevations 
 

CALPUFF Receptor Locations (LCC) 

LCC Origin: 40.0N, 97.0W, Standard Parallels: 33.0N, 45.0N 

Receptor 

No. 

LCC 

East 

(km) 

LCC West 

(km) z (m) Description 

Distance 

to Holcim 

(km) 

Source 775.2574 -699.150 89.6112 Holcim 

1 872.6781 -586.3988 255.000 Sipsey 149.008 

2 873.4377 -586.31875 235.000 Sipsey 149.567 

3 874.1974 -586.23862 236.000 Sipsey 150.127 

4 874.9571 -586.15842 244.000 Sipsey 150.689 

5 875.7168 -586.07815 243.000 Sipsey 151.252 

6 876.4764 -585.99781 237.000 Sipsey 151.818 

7 877.2361 -585.91741 213.000 Sipsey 152.385 

8 877.9957 -585.83693 187.000 Sipsey 152.954 

9 871.062 -585.63922 244.000 Sipsey 148.537 

10 871.8216 -585.55931 274.000 Sipsey 149.089 

11 872.5812 -585.47933 250.000 Sipsey 149.642 

12 873.3408 -585.39928 237.000 Sipsey 150.198 

13 874.1004 -585.31916 214.000 Sipsey 150.756 

14 874.86 -585.23897 226.000 Sipsey 151.315 

15 875.6196 -585.15871 183.000 Sipsey 151.877 

16 876.3792 -585.07838 243.000 Sipsey 152.440 

17 877.1387 -584.99798 213.000 Sipsey 153.005 

18 877.8983 -584.91752 182.000 Sipsey 153.571 

19 878.6579 -584.83698 179.000 Sipsey 154.140 

20 879.4174 -584.75637 249.000 Sipsey 154.710 

21 870.9653 -584.71973 244.000 Sipsey 149.178 

22 871.7248 -584.63983 255.000 Sipsey 149.728 

23 872.4843 -584.55986 253.000 Sipsey 150.279 

24 873.2439 -584.47982 244.000 Sipsey 150.833 

25 874.0034 -584.39971 244.000 Sipsey 151.388 

26 874.7629 -584.31953 181.000 Sipsey 151.945 

27 875.5224 -584.23928 220.000 Sipsey 152.504 

28 876.2819 -584.15896 214.000 Sipsey 153.065 

29 877.0414 -584.07857 243.000 Sipsey 153.627 

30 877.8009 -583.99811 215.000 Sipsey 154.191 

31 878.5603 -583.91758 239.000 Sipsey 154.758 

32 879.3198 -583.83699 183.000 Sipsey 155.325 

33 880.0793 -583.75632 210.000 Sipsey 155.895 

34 880.8387 -583.67558 252.000 Sipsey 156.466 

35 881.5981 -583.59477 262.000 Sipsey 157.039 

36 868.5902 -584.03952 228.000 Sipsey 148.194 

37 869.3497 -583.95984 219.000 Sipsey 148.735 

38 870.1091 -583.88009 245.000 Sipsey 149.278 

39 870.8686 -583.80026 231.000 Sipsey 149.823 

40 871.6281 -583.72037 242.000 Sipsey 150.370 

41 872.3875 -583.64041 208.000 Sipsey 150.919 

42 873.1469 -583.56037 226.000 Sipsey 151.470 
 

CALPUFF Receptor Locations (LCC) 

LCC Origin: 40.0N, 97.0W, Standard Parallels: 33.0N, 45.0N 

Receptor 

No. 

LCC 

East 

(km) 

LCC West 

(km) z (m) Description 

Distance 

to Holcim 

(km) 

43 873.9064 -583.48027 244.000 Sipsey 152.023 

44 874.6658 -583.4001 180.000 Sipsey 152.578 

45 875.4252 -583.31986 244.000 Sipsey 153.134 

46 876.1846 -583.23955 225.000 Sipsey 153.693 

47 876.944 -583.15917 244.000 Sipsey 154.253 

48 877.7034 -583.07872 233.000 Sipsey 154.815 

49 878.4628 -582.9982 177.000 Sipsey 155.379 

50 879.2222 -582.91761 214.000 Sipsey 155.944 

51 879.9816 -582.83695 255.000 Sipsey 156.511 

52 880.7409 -582.75622 245.000 Sipsey 157.080 

53 881.5003 -582.67543 274.000 Sipsey 157.651 

54 868.4938 -583.12003 245.000 Sipsey 148.848 

55 869.2532 -583.04036 244.000 Sipsey 149.387 

56 870.0125 -582.96061 213.000 Sipsey 149.928 

57 870.7719 -582.8808 192.000 Sipsey 150.471 

58 871.5313 -582.80092 195.000 Sipsey 151.015 

59 872.2906 -582.72096 244.000 Sipsey 151.562 

60 873.05 -582.64094 221.000 Sipsey 152.111 

61 873.8093 -582.56085 244.000 Sipsey 152.661 

62 874.5687 -582.48068 244.000 Sipsey 153.213 

63 875.328 -582.40045 259.000 Sipsey 153.768 

64 876.0873 -582.32015 244.000 Sipsey 154.324 

65 876.8467 -582.23978 244.000 Sipsey 154.881 

66 877.606 -582.15934 208.000 Sipsey 155.441 

67 878.3653 -582.07883 230.000 Sipsey 156.003 

68 879.1246 -581.99825 177.000 Sipsey 156.566 

69 879.8839 -581.9176 183.000 Sipsey 157.131 

70 880.6431 -581.83688 191.000 Sipsey 157.697 

71 881.4024 -581.75609 184.000 Sipsey 158.266 

72 882.1617 -581.67523 242.000 Sipsey 158.836 

73 868.3973 -582.20056 250.000 Sipsey 149.506 

74 869.1566 -582.12089 213.000 Sipsey 150.043 

75 869.9159 -582.04115 252.000 Sipsey 150.581 

76 870.6752 -581.96135 254.000 Sipsey 151.121 

77 871.4345 -581.88147 187.000 Sipsey 151.664 

78 872.1938 -581.80153 226.000 Sipsey 152.208 

79 872.9531 -581.72151 213.000 Sipsey 152.754 

80 873.7123 -581.64143 214.000 Sipsey 153.302 

81 874.4716 -581.56128 244.000 Sipsey 153.852 

82 875.2308 -581.48105 253.000 Sipsey 154.404 

83 875.9901 -581.40076 214.000 Sipsey 154.958 

84 876.7493 -581.3204 185.000 Sipsey 155.513 

85 877.5085 -581.23997 215.000 Sipsey 156.070 

86 878.2678 -581.15946 241.000 Sipsey 156.629 
 

CALPUFF Receptor Locations (LCC) 

LCC Origin: 40.0N, 97.0W, Standard Parallels: 33.0N, 45.0N 

Receptor 

No. 

LCC 

East 

(km) 

LCC West 

(km) z (m) Description 

Distance 

to Holcim 

(km) 

87 879.027 -581.07889 215.000 Sipsey 157.190 

88 879.7862 -580.99825 182.000 Sipsey 157.753 

89 881.3046 -580.83676 274.000 Sipsey 158.883 

90 882.0637 -580.75591 264.000 Sipsey 159.451 

91 867.5417 -581.36068 274.000 Sipsey 149.635 

92 868.3009 -581.28109 274.000 Sipsey 150.167 

93 869.0601 -581.20143 262.000 Sipsey 150.701 

94 869.8193 -581.12171 276.000 Sipsey 151.237 

95 870.5786 -581.04191 263.000 Sipsey 151.775 

96 871.3378 -580.96204 206.000 Sipsey 152.315 

97 872.0969 -580.88211 231.000 Sipsey 152.856 

98 872.8561 -580.8021 249.000 Sipsey 153.400 

99 873.6153 -580.72203 257.000 Sipsey 153.946 

100 874.3745 -580.64188 271.000 Sipsey 154.494 

101 875.1336 -580.56167 242.000 Sipsey 155.043 

102 875.8928 -580.48138 240.000 Sipsey 155.594 

103 876.652 -580.40103 223.000 Sipsey 156.148 

104 877.4111 -580.32061 187.000 Sipsey 156.703 

105 878.1702 -580.24011 252.000 Sipsey 157.259 

106 878.9294 -580.15955 183.000 Sipsey 157.818 

107 879.6885 -580.07892 213.000 Sipsey 158.378 

108 867.4453 -580.44121 283.000 Sipsey 150.301 

109 868.2045 -580.36163 266.000 Sipsey 150.830 

110 868.9636 -580.28198 277.000 Sipsey 151.362 

111 872.0001 -579.96269 275.000 Sipsey 153.508 

112 872.7592 -579.8827 240.000 Sipsey 154.049 

113 873.5183 -579.80263 274.000 Sipsey 154.593 

114 874.2774 -579.7225 274.000 Sipsey 155.138 

115 875.0365 -579.64229 258.000 Sipsey 155.685 

116 875.7955 -579.56202 205.000 Sipsey 156.234 

117 876.5546 -579.48167 217.000 Sipsey 156.785 

118 877.3137 -579.40126 183.000 Sipsey 157.338 

119 871.9033 -579.04329 236.000 Sipsey 154.162 

120 872.6623 -578.96331 273.000 Sipsey 154.701 

121 873.4213 -578.88325 275.000 Sipsey 155.242 

122 874.1803 -578.80312 259.000 Sipsey 155.785 

123 874.9393 -578.72292 213.000 Sipsey 156.330 

124 875.6983 -578.64266 249.000 Sipsey 156.877 

125 876.4572 -578.56232 258.000 Sipsey 157.425 

126 877.2162 -578.48192 212.000 Sipsey 157.976 

127 877.9752 -578.40144 268.000 Sipsey 158.528 

128 872.5653 -578.04392 226.000 Sipsey 155.356 

129 873.3243 -577.96388 274.000 Sipsey 155.894 

130 874.0832 -577.88376 271.000 Sipsey 156.435 
 

CALPUFF Receptor Locations (LCC) 

LCC Origin: 40.0N, 97.0W, Standard Parallels: 33.0N, 45.0N 

Receptor 

No. 

LCC 

East 

(km) 

LCC West 

(km) z (m) Description 

Distance 

to Holcim 

(km) 

131 874.8421 -577.80357 228.000 Sipsey 156.978 

132 875.601 -577.72331 251.000 Sipsey 157.522 

133 876.3599 -577.64299 244.000 Sipsey 158.068 

134 877.1188 -577.56259 243.000 Sipsey 158.616 

135 871.7096 -577.20452 208.000 Sipsey 155.479 

136 872.4684 -577.12455 213.000 Sipsey 156.013 

137 873.2273 -577.04451 252.000 Sipsey 156.549 

138 873.9861 -576.9644 274.000 Sipsey 157.088 

139 874.7449 -576.88423 274.000 Sipsey 157.628 

140 875.5037 -576.80398 244.000 Sipsey 158.170 

141 876.2625 -576.72366 215.000 Sipsey 158.714 

142 877.0213 -576.64327 267.000 Sipsey 159.260 

143 873.1302 -576.12516 247.000 Sipsey 157.207 

144 873.889 -576.04506 305.000 Sipsey 157.743 

145 874.6477 -575.96489 267.000 Sipsey 158.281 

146 875.4065 -575.88465 269.000 Sipsey 158.821 

147 876.1652 -575.80434 271.000 Sipsey 159.363 

148 873.7919 -575.12573 247.000 Sipsey 158.401 
Appendix L.4.5
Appendix L.4.6
Appendix L.4.6
Appendix L.4.6
Appendix L.4.6
 

BEST AVAILABLE RETROFIT TECHNOLOGY 

(BART) EXEMPTION MODELING 

FOR THE HOLCIM FACILITY IN 

ARTESIA, MISSISSIPPI 

Prepared for: 

Holcim(US) Inc. 

8677 Highway 45 South Alternate 

Artesia, MS 39736 

Prepared by: 

RTP Environmental Associates 

304A West Millbrook Road 

Raleigh, North Carolina 27609 

November 2006

Appendix L.4.7
i 

Table of Contents

1.0 INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................... 1

2.0 FACILITY LOCATION, DESCRIPTION OF SOURCES AND CLASS I 

AREA EVALUATED ............................................................................................... 2

3.0 OVERVIEW OF BART EXEMPTION MODELING APPROACH ............................ 8 

3.1 CALPUFF Input................................................................................................... 9 

Modeling Domain ...................................................................................................... 9 

Class I Area Receptors ............................................................................................. 9 

Control File Settings................................................................................................ 10 

Ozone and Ammonia Background Values............................................................... 10 

3.2 CALPOST Input................................................................................................. 12

4.0 MODEL RESULTS............................................................................................... 13 

List of Tables

Table 1. Modeled Stack Parameter Data ....................................................................... 5

Table 2. Modeled Emission Rates.................................................................................. 5

Table 3. Delta Deciview Visibility Impact Rankings (4km CALMET Grid, Annual 

Average Concentrations as Background)................................................................ 13 

List of Figures

Figure 1. Location of the Holcim Artesia Facility ............................................................ 3 

Figure 2. Location of the Sipsey Class I Area ................................................................ 7 

Figure 3. CALPUFF Modeling Domain......................................................................... 11 
1 

1.0 INTRODUCTION 

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) published final amendments to its 

1999 regional haze rule on July 6, 2005 (70 FR 39104). Under this regulation, certain 

existing stationary sources that emit visibility impairing pollutants must install and 

operate the Best Available Retrofit Technology (BART). BART is required for sources 

that fit specific criteria and that “may reasonably be anticipated to cause or contribute” 

to visibility impairment in any Class I area. The determination of what constitutes BART 

is made on a case-by-case basis considering technical feasibility, costs of compliance, 

energy impacts, and the modeled reduction in visibility impacts. Air quality modeling is 

used both to determine whether a source may reasonably be anticipated to cause or 

contribute to a visibility impact (i.e., whether a source is subject to BART) and as a 

means for evaluating the degree of visibility improvement resulting from BART. 

This document presents the procedures and results of an air dispersion modeling 

analysis conducted for the Holcim(US) Inc. (Holcim) facility located in Artesia, 

Mississippi. The modeling was conducted to evaluate whether the Holcim site may 

reasonably be anticipated to cause or contribute to a visibility impact and therefore be 

subject to BART. As documented herein, the visibility impact from emissions of BARTeligible sources at the Holcim facility is less than 0.5 deciviews (dv). The Holcim facility 

is therefore not subject to BART. 

The Visibility Improvement State and Tribal Association of the Southeast (VISTAS) 

Regional Planning Organization (RPO) recently issued its final protocol for the 

application of the CALPUFF model for analysis of BART.1

 The Protocols for exemption 

modeling for individual sources were due to the Mississippi Department of 

Environmental Quality (MDEQ) by August 1, 2006. Holcim submitted its modeling 

protocol to the MDEQ prior to this date. The protocol was subsequently approved by 

the MDEQ. 

 

1

 “Protocol for the Appication of the CALPUFF Model for Analysis of Best Available Retrofit Technology (BART), 

December 22, 2005 (with revisions January 23 and March 9, 2006). 
2 

2.0 FACILITY LOCATION, DESCRIPTION OF SOURCES AND CLASS I AREA 

EVALUATED 

The Holcim (US) Inc. Artesia facility is located in northeastern Mississippi in Lowndes 

County. The facility is approximately 25 miles south-southwest of Columbus. The 

approximate Lambert Conformal Conic (LCC) coordinates of the facility are 

775.257 kilometers east and -699.150 kilometers north. Figure 1 shows the location of 

the facility on the Crawford West 7.5 minute USGS topographic quadrangle. 

The Artesia plant produces portland cement using a wet process kiln, which means the 

raw materials are fed to the kiln as a slurry. The primary raw materials (sand, iron ore, 

limestone, and chalk) are either mined on-site or transported to the plant site. The 

materials are crushed or milled. Water is added to the raw mill to create a pumpable 

slurry, or slip, of approximately 65% solids. The slurry is stored in a basin until it is fed 

to the kiln for pyroprocessing. The facility operates one kiln with a total production 

capacity of 525,000 tons of clinker per year. The clinker is milled and combined with 

other raw materials to form cement. The total annual cement capacity of the facility is 

approximately 650,000 tons per year. The kiln exhaust gases account for all of the 

gaseous emission from the facility and the majority of the particulate emissions. 

Material handling, which consists of numerous conveyor belts and transfer operations, 

as well as milling activities and roadways also contribute to particulate matter emissions 

from the facility, although to a much lesser extent.

The BART provisions focus on reducing emissions from large sources that, due to age, 

were exempted from other control requirements in the Clean Air Act. An emissions 

source is considered eligible for BART if it falls into one of 26 listed categories, has the 

potential to emit at least 250 tons per year of any haze forming pollutant, and existed on 

August 7, 1977, yet was not in operation before August 7, 1962. Thus, the BART 

provisions do not cover all sources that may cause or contribute to visibility impairment 

in a Class I area. The Artesia facility commenced operation in March of 1974. In 

addition, the kiln has the potential to emit in excess of 250 tons per year. The kiln is 

therefore subject to BART review. 
3 

0 600 1,200 1,800 2,400 300

Meters ®

Holcim Artesia

Figure 1. Location of the Holcim Artesia Facility 
4 

Only the kiln at the Holcim facility was evaluated for potential BART eligibility. The kiln 

is the only BART-eligible source that emits appreciable amounts of NOx and SO2. The 

remaining emission units emit only particulate matter and are generally fugitive in 

nature. These sources are not anticipated to result in visibility impacts. 

Maximum, 24-hour actual emission rates during normal operation for the 2001-2003 

period were determined and modeled in CALPUFF. NOx and SO2 emissions from the 

kiln were obtained from continuous emission monitors (CEMS) during the 2001-2003 

period.2

 Particulate emissions were based upon stack test data conducted during 2001-

2003. The test that resulted in the maximumlb PM/ton clinker emission factor was 

multiplied by the highest daily average clinker rate to calculate maximum particulate 

emissions. All PM10 emission were assumed to be filterable and were speciated, using 

VISTAS provided speciation profiles for wet process cement kilns, into PM10 (PMC or 

PM Coarse), PM2.5 (PMF or PM Fine), and elemental carbon (EC). As recommended by 

VISTAS, the condensable PM10 fraction were assumed to be 20.8% of the total PM10

emissions rate. The total PM10 rate was calculated from the filterable fraction assuming 

that the filterable fraction is 79.2% of the total. The condensable fraction was then 

speciated (again using the VISTAS recommended speciation profiles) into sulfates and 

secondary organic aerosols (SOA). 

Based upon the latest guidance from VISTAS, Holcim only modeled emissions of NOx, 

SO2, and PM10. Holcim did not evaluate emissions of volatile organic compounds 

(VOCs) or ammonia. The stack parameters and emission rates that were modeled are 

provided in Tables 1 and 2, respectively. The emission calculations can be found in 

Appendix A. 

 

2

 Please note that CEMS data were only available from April of 2001. CEMS were not in use at the site prior to that 

date. 
5 

Table 1. Modeled Stack Parameter Data 

Model 

Source 

ID 

Source 

Description 

LCC E 

(km)a

LCC N 

(km)a

Stack 

Height 

(m) 

Base 

Elevation 

(m) 

Stack 

Diameter 

(m) 

Exit 

Velocity 

(m/sec) 

Temp. 

(K) 

Sigma 

Y (m) 

S

Z 

S26 Kiln 775.257 -699.150 60.96 86.3 3.35 16.4 424 0 

aLambert Conformal Conic (LCC) coordinates are based upon an origin of 40.0N and 97.0W with Standard Parallels of 33.0N and 45.0N 

Table 2. Modeled Emission Rates 

Model 

Source 

ID 

Source 

Description 

SO2

(lb/hr) 

SO4

(lb/hr) 

NOx 

(lb/hr) 

HNO3

(lb/hr) 

NO3

(lb/hr) 

PMC 

(lb/hr) 

PMF 

(lb/hr) 

EC 

(lb/

S26 Kiln 1277 3.97 774 0.00 0.00 4.25 12.1 0.8

Notes: PMFine (PMF) or "soil" = PM < 2.5 um in diameter. PMCoarse (PMC) = PM between 2.5 and 10 um in diameter. SOA = 

aerosols. EC = elemental carbon. Kiln PM speciation based upon VISTAS guidance. 
6 

Class I areas are national parks and wilderness areas in which visibility is more 

stringently protected under the Clean Air Act than any other areas in the United 

States. The VISTAS protocol requires evaluation of impacts at all Class I areas that are 

located within 300 km of a BART-eligible source. 

There is one Class I area located within 300 km of the Holcim site that required 

evaluation: the Sipsey Wilderness Area. Sipsey is located 148 km to the northeast of 

the Holcim facility. Figure 2 shows the location of this Class I area with respect to the 

Holcim facility. Figure 2 also shows the other Class I areas in the vicinity of Holcim, but 

greater than 300 km away. 
7 

[

300km Radius from Holcim

Holcim Artesia Facility

Sipsey Wilderness Area

Mingo NWR

Breton NWR

Breton NWR

Mammoth Cave NP

® 0 75,000 150,000 225,000 300,000 37,500 Meters

Figure 2. Location of the Sipsey Class I Area 
8 

3.0 OVERVIEW OF BART EXEMPTION MODELING APPROACH

According to the BART regulation (FR 39162), an individual source is considered to 

contribute to visibility impairment in a Class I area if it has at least a 0.5 deciview (dv) 

impact. Sources which to not contribute to visibility impairment in a Class I area are not 

subject to the BART requirements. This document describes the procedures employed 

and the results of the modeling conducted in evaluating whether the Holcim facility in 

Artesia, MS is subject to BART. 

The modeling conducted by Holcim involved modeling source-specific units and 

comparing modeled impacts to the 0.5 deciview threshold. Since the modeling 

demonstrates that the BART-eligible emission unit at Holcim contribute less than a 0.5 

dv change at the Sipsey Wilderness Class I area, the plant is exempt from further BART 

review. 

The modeling followed EPA’s Interagency Workgroup on Air Quality Modeling (IWAQM) 

and VISTAS guidance, Phase 2 recommendations, for long-range transport.3

 The 

IWAQM guidance was developed to address air quality impacts—as assessed through 

the Prevention of Significant Deterioration permitting program. A two tier approach, as 

recommended by VISTAS, was used in the BART exemption analysis. For the initial 

modeling, INVISTA used CALPUFF (Version 5.756) with a 3-yr, 12 km CALMET 

meteorological dataset provided by VISTAS. The maximum, 24-hour average value 

across all receptors in each Class I area was compared to the threshold value of 0.5 dv. 

It was determined that the maximum value exceeded the 0.5 dv at Sipsey. Holcim 

therefore obtained the 4 km subregional CALMET meteorological dataset from VISTAS. 

The 98th percentile value (i.e., the 8th highest value for each year and the 22nd highest 

value from the full three years) from the 4 km data as well as the annual average 

background values were used in making the comparison to the 0.5 dv criterion. 

 

3 3

 Interagency Workgroup on Air Quality Modeling (IWAQM) Phase 2 Summary Report and Recommendations for 

Modeling Long_Range Transport Impacts, EPA-454/R-98-019, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Air Quality 

Modeling Group, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. December, 1998. 
9 

In creating the CALMET input files, VISTAS used the MM5 databases developed by 

EPA for 2001, VISTAS for 2002, and Midwest RPO for 2003. The 12 km grid, large 

domain covering the entire VISTAS region, was created using the No-Obs setting (i.e., 

did not include additional surface and upper air observations beyond those incorporated 

in the MM5 calculations). For the finer resolution subdomain (4 km grid), available 

surface and upper air observations were used in addition to MM5 meteorological model 

outputs. 

 

3.1 CALPUFF Input

Output from the VISTAS-provided CALMET model was input to the CALPUFF model, 

which simulates the effects of the meteorological conditions on the transport and 

dispersion of pollutants from an individual source. No CALMET runs were therefore 

required to process meteorological, land use, or terrain data. As a result, CALMET 

settings are not discussed further. 

Modeling Domain 

The CALPUFF modeling domain was designed to include the Holcim facility and the 

Sipsey Class I area (this is the only Class I Area within 300 km of Holcim). A 50 km 

buffer zone in each direction was included in establishing the computational modeling 

domain. The domain dimensions are therefore 207 km east-west by 224 km northsouth. The proposed modeling domain is shown in Figure 3. For the 4 km grid runs, 52 

grid cells were employed in the east-west axis and 56 in the north-south axis. 

Class I Area Receptors 

Holcim used the FLM Class I receptors for Sipsey, with elevations, as obtained from the 

National Parks Service. The NPS receptors are shown in Figure 3. The receptor 

coordinates and elevations are provided in Appendix B. 
10 

Control File Settings 

In general, Holcim used the default options in the CALPUFF model.4 The deviations 

from the default values are discussed below. 

• The MESOPUFF II module was used for chemical transformation (MCHEM=1)

• Number of vertical layers (NZ) was set to 11 and cell face heights (ZFACE) of 0, 

20, 40, 80, 160, 320, 640, 1200, 2000, 3000, 4000 meters were used (to be 

consistent with CALMET runs).

• The integrated puff sampling methodology was used for puff recognition.

• Building downwash was ignored because the Class Area is located greater than 

50 km from the source and downwash should not influence concentration 

estimates.

Ozone and Ammonia Background Values 

CALPUFF uses background ozone (O3) values in its chemistry module. The model 

accepts either a single background value or an input file of hourly ozone values 

commensurate with the period of the meteorological data. Holcim used observed ozone 

data for 2001-2003 from CASTNet and AIRS stations (the hourly data were provided by 

VISTAS and extracted for the modeling domain using the subdomn utility provided in 

the CALPUFF GUI). Per VISTAS Guidance, Holcim used a constant ammonia 

background value of 0.5 ppb. 

 

4

 As defined by pages B-2 through B-8 of the IWAQM Phase 2 Summary Report. 
11 

[

Meteorological Domain

Computational Domain

® 0 58,000 116,000 174,000 232,000 29,000 Meters

Sipsey Receptors

Figure 3. CALPUFF Modeling Domain 
12 

3.2 CALPOST Input

Calculation Methods for Background Light Extinction 

Input required by CALPOST includes an input control file and the hourly concentration 

output file from CALPUFF. The primary settings for the CALPOST control file are 

associated with the method for calculation of light extinction. The CALPOST control file 

was set such that the background light extinction calculation Visibility Method 6 

(MVISBK=6) was used. This is the VISTAS default value as described in VISTAS’ 

protocol document. As required by Method 6, The EPA Class I area-specific (centroid) 

monthly relative humidity values for the Sipsey Class I area were used. These values 

were obtained from Table A-3 of the EPA’s “Guidance for Estimating Natural Visibility 

Conditions Under the Regional Haze Rule”.5

 

In Visibility Method 6, CALPOST also requires monthly background concentrations of 

ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, coarse particulate mass, organic carbon, soil, 

and elemental carbon. Annual averages reflective of natural background conditions for 

these species were obtained from the EPA’s “Guidance for Natural Visibility” document. 

Light Extinction Efficiencies and Rayleigh Scattering Value 

The other values required to execute CALPOST include the light extinction efficiencies 

for the pollutant species identified above (i.e., ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, 

etc.) and the extinction due to Rayleigh scattering (BEXTRAY). Dry extinction 

efficiencies for the pollutant species were set equal to the Table 2-1 values of the EPA 

Visibility Guidance Document. The value for Rayleigh scattering was set to 10 Mm-1. 

 

5

 “Guidance for Estimating Natural Visibility Conditions Under the Regional Haze Rule”, EPA-450/B-03-005, 

September 2003. 
 13 

4.0 MODEL RESULTS

The CALPUFF modeling system was executed with input data and settings as 

described in Sections 2 and 3. Delta-deciview results, necessary for comparison with 

the 0.5 dv visibility threshold, were obtained from the “24HR VISIBILITY (deciview)” 

table in the CALPOST output files. The regional haze regulation and BART guideline 

state that the 98th percentile of 24-hour CALPUFF modeling results are to be compared 

with the contribution threshold for purposes of determining BART applicability. A 24-

hour prediction greater than 0.5 delta-deciview at any receptor in a Class I area would 

constitute a day of exceedance. Up to 7 days of exceedance are therefore allowed per 

year per Class I area (i.e., the 98th percentile is approximated by the eighth-highest daily 

prediction). In addition, as requested by VISTAS, Holcim compared the 22nd highest 

value from the full three years of meteorology to the 0.5 dv criterion. 

The results from the 4 km grid runs are presented in Table 3. As shown, the 98% value 

is below the 0.5 dv criterion. The Holcim Artesia facility is therefore exempt from further 

BART consideration. Model summary output data can be found in Appendix C. The 

CALPUFF and CALPOST input and output files are provided on the enclosed CD. 

Table 3. Delta Deciview Visibility Impact Rankings (4km CALMET Grid, Annual 

Average Concentrations as Background) 

Year of Meteorology 

Class I Area 

Delta Deciview 

Rank (highest 

to lowest) 2001 2002 2003 

1 1.008 0.713 0.497 

2 0.642 0.653 0.461 

3 0.580 0.43 0.418 

4 0.493 0.386 0.413 

5 0.436 0.344 0.384 

6 0.363 0.341 0.309 

7 0.362 0.292 0.3 

Sipsey Wilderness 

Area

8 0.340 0.245 0.291 

22nd highest for 3-yr period is 0.307 dv. .
 

APPENDIX A 

Emission Calculations
Model 

Source ID

Source 

Description Pollutant

Emission 

Factor (lb/ton 

feed)a Emission Factor Reference

Maximum 2

Production 

feed/hr

S26 Kiln PM10 0.1625 Annual Stack Test (2001-2003) 105.90 

S26 Kiln NOx NA CEMS Analysis (2001-2003) NA S26 Kiln SO2 NA CEMS Analysis (2001-2003) NA 

Holcim Artesia Maximum 24-hr Emissions

aPM testing values from 2001, 2002, and 2003 were reviewed. The lb/hr tested values were as follows: 2001 = 3.16

2003 = 15.96. The feed rates during each test were then divided into the tested hourly rates to develop a lb/ton feed 

The ton/hr feed rates during the test were as follows: 2001 = 105.5, 2002 = 105.0, 2003 = 105.69. The 2003 stack tedetermined to yield the maximum emission factor which was 0.163 lb PM/ton feed. The highest daily average feed rton/yr was then multiplied by the highest lb/ton feed emission factor to calculate the maximum emission rate for the m

PM Speciation 

VISTAS Recommended Speciation Data

Controlled PM10 Emissionsm (Bold value is estimated.)

Kiln Total PM10 Filterable Coarse Ext. Fine Fine Soil Ext. Fine EC Ext. Condensible CPM IOR Particle 

Type (% of Total) (% of Total) (% of Filterable) Coef. (% of Filterable) (% of Filterable) Coef. (% of Filterable) Coef. (% of Total) (% of Condensible) Type Ext.Coef. 

Wet 100% 79.2% 24.7% 0.6 75.3% 70.3% 1 5.0% 10 20.8% 88.0% SO4 3 

Holcim Calculated Model Input

Uncontrolled PM10 Emissions (Bold Value is Input by user.)

Kiln Total PM10 Filterable Coarse Ext. Fine Fine Soil Ext. Fine EC Ext. Condensible CPM IOR Particle 

Type (lb/hr) (lb/hr) (lb/hr) Coef. (lb/hr) (lb/hr) Coef. (lb/hr) Coef. (lb/hr) (lb/hr) Type Ext.Coef. 

Wet 21.7 17.2 4.3 0.6 13.0 12.10 1 0.9 10 4.5 3.97 SO4 3 
 

 

APPENDIX B 

Sipsey Receptor Locations and Elevations 
 

CALPUFF Receptor Locations (LCC) 

LCC Origin: 40.0N, 97.0W, Standard Parallels: 33.0N, 45.0N 

Receptor 

No. 

LCC 

East 

(km) 

LCC West 

(km) z (m) Description 

Distance 

to Holcim 

(km) 

Source 775.2574 -699.150 89.6112 Holcim 

1 872.6781 -586.3988 255.000 Sipsey 149.008 

2 873.4377 -586.31875 235.000 Sipsey 149.567 

3 874.1974 -586.23862 236.000 Sipsey 150.127 

4 874.9571 -586.15842 244.000 Sipsey 150.689 

5 875.7168 -586.07815 243.000 Sipsey 151.252 

6 876.4764 -585.99781 237.000 Sipsey 151.818 

7 877.2361 -585.91741 213.000 Sipsey 152.385 

8 877.9957 -585.83693 187.000 Sipsey 152.954 

9 871.062 -585.63922 244.000 Sipsey 148.537 

10 871.8216 -585.55931 274.000 Sipsey 149.089 

11 872.5812 -585.47933 250.000 Sipsey 149.642 

12 873.3408 -585.39928 237.000 Sipsey 150.198 

13 874.1004 -585.31916 214.000 Sipsey 150.756 

14 874.86 -585.23897 226.000 Sipsey 151.315 

15 875.6196 -585.15871 183.000 Sipsey 151.877 

16 876.3792 -585.07838 243.000 Sipsey 152.440 

17 877.1387 -584.99798 213.000 Sipsey 153.005 

18 877.8983 -584.91752 182.000 Sipsey 153.571 

19 878.6579 -584.83698 179.000 Sipsey 154.140 

20 879.4174 -584.75637 249.000 Sipsey 154.710 

21 870.9653 -584.71973 244.000 Sipsey 149.178 

22 871.7248 -584.63983 255.000 Sipsey 149.728 

23 872.4843 -584.55986 253.000 Sipsey 150.279 

24 873.2439 -584.47982 244.000 Sipsey 150.833 

25 874.0034 -584.39971 244.000 Sipsey 151.388 

26 874.7629 -584.31953 181.000 Sipsey 151.945 

27 875.5224 -584.23928 220.000 Sipsey 152.504 

28 876.2819 -584.15896 214.000 Sipsey 153.065 

29 877.0414 -584.07857 243.000 Sipsey 153.627 

30 877.8009 -583.99811 215.000 Sipsey 154.191 

31 878.5603 -583.91758 239.000 Sipsey 154.758 

32 879.3198 -583.83699 183.000 Sipsey 155.325 

33 880.0793 -583.75632 210.000 Sipsey 155.895 

34 880.8387 -583.67558 252.000 Sipsey 156.466 

35 881.5981 -583.59477 262.000 Sipsey 157.039 

36 868.5902 -584.03952 228.000 Sipsey 148.194 

37 869.3497 -583.95984 219.000 Sipsey 148.735 

38 870.1091 -583.88009 245.000 Sipsey 149.278 

39 870.8686 -583.80026 231.000 Sipsey 149.823 

40 871.6281 -583.72037 242.000 Sipsey 150.370 

41 872.3875 -583.64041 208.000 Sipsey 150.919 

42 873.1469 -583.56037 226.000 Sipsey 151.470 
 

CALPUFF Receptor Locations (LCC) 

LCC Origin: 40.0N, 97.0W, Standard Parallels: 33.0N, 45.0N 

Receptor 

No. 

LCC 

East 

(km) 

LCC West 

(km) z (m) Description 

Distance 

to Holcim 

(km) 

43 873.9064 -583.48027 244.000 Sipsey 152.023 

44 874.6658 -583.4001 180.000 Sipsey 152.578 

45 875.4252 -583.31986 244.000 Sipsey 153.134 

46 876.1846 -583.23955 225.000 Sipsey 153.693 

47 876.944 -583.15917 244.000 Sipsey 154.253 

48 877.7034 -583.07872 233.000 Sipsey 154.815 

49 878.4628 -582.9982 177.000 Sipsey 155.379 

50 879.2222 -582.91761 214.000 Sipsey 155.944 

51 879.9816 -582.83695 255.000 Sipsey 156.511 

52 880.7409 -582.75622 245.000 Sipsey 157.080 

53 881.5003 -582.67543 274.000 Sipsey 157.651 

54 868.4938 -583.12003 245.000 Sipsey 148.848 

55 869.2532 -583.04036 244.000 Sipsey 149.387 

56 870.0125 -582.96061 213.000 Sipsey 149.928 

57 870.7719 -582.8808 192.000 Sipsey 150.471 

58 871.5313 -582.80092 195.000 Sipsey 151.015 

59 872.2906 -582.72096 244.000 Sipsey 151.562 

60 873.05 -582.64094 221.000 Sipsey 152.111 

61 873.8093 -582.56085 244.000 Sipsey 152.661 

62 874.5687 -582.48068 244.000 Sipsey 153.213 

63 875.328 -582.40045 259.000 Sipsey 153.768 

64 876.0873 -582.32015 244.000 Sipsey 154.324 

65 876.8467 -582.23978 244.000 Sipsey 154.881 

66 877.606 -582.15934 208.000 Sipsey 155.441 

67 878.3653 -582.07883 230.000 Sipsey 156.003 

68 879.1246 -581.99825 177.000 Sipsey 156.566 

69 879.8839 -581.9176 183.000 Sipsey 157.131 

70 880.6431 -581.83688 191.000 Sipsey 157.697 

71 881.4024 -581.75609 184.000 Sipsey 158.266 

72 882.1617 -581.67523 242.000 Sipsey 158.836 

73 868.3973 -582.20056 250.000 Sipsey 149.506 

74 869.1566 -582.12089 213.000 Sipsey 150.043 

75 869.9159 -582.04115 252.000 Sipsey 150.581 

76 870.6752 -581.96135 254.000 Sipsey 151.121 

77 871.4345 -581.88147 187.000 Sipsey 151.664 

78 872.1938 -581.80153 226.000 Sipsey 152.208 

79 872.9531 -581.72151 213.000 Sipsey 152.754 

80 873.7123 -581.64143 214.000 Sipsey 153.302 

81 874.4716 -581.56128 244.000 Sipsey 153.852 

82 875.2308 -581.48105 253.000 Sipsey 154.404 

83 875.9901 -581.40076 214.000 Sipsey 154.958 

84 876.7493 -581.3204 185.000 Sipsey 155.513 

85 877.5085 -581.23997 215.000 Sipsey 156.070 

86 878.2678 -581.15946 241.000 Sipsey 156.629 
 

CALPUFF Receptor Locations (LCC) 

LCC Origin: 40.0N, 97.0W, Standard Parallels: 33.0N, 45.0N 

Receptor 

No. 

LCC 

East 

(km) 

LCC West 

(km) z (m) Description 

Distance 

to Holcim 

(km) 

87 879.027 -581.07889 215.000 Sipsey 157.190 

88 879.7862 -580.99825 182.000 Sipsey 157.753 

89 881.3046 -580.83676 274.000 Sipsey 158.883 

90 882.0637 -580.75591 264.000 Sipsey 159.451 

91 867.5417 -581.36068 274.000 Sipsey 149.635 

92 868.3009 -581.28109 274.000 Sipsey 150.167 

93 869.0601 -581.20143 262.000 Sipsey 150.701 

94 869.8193 -581.12171 276.000 Sipsey 151.237 

95 870.5786 -581.04191 263.000 Sipsey 151.775 

96 871.3378 -580.96204 206.000 Sipsey 152.315 

97 872.0969 -580.88211 231.000 Sipsey 152.856 

98 872.8561 -580.8021 249.000 Sipsey 153.400 

99 873.6153 -580.72203 257.000 Sipsey 153.946 

100 874.3745 -580.64188 271.000 Sipsey 154.494 

101 875.1336 -580.56167 242.000 Sipsey 155.043 

102 875.8928 -580.48138 240.000 Sipsey 155.594 

103 876.652 -580.40103 223.000 Sipsey 156.148 

104 877.4111 -580.32061 187.000 Sipsey 156.703 

105 878.1702 -580.24011 252.000 Sipsey 157.259 

106 878.9294 -580.15955 183.000 Sipsey 157.818 

107 879.6885 -580.07892 213.000 Sipsey 158.378 

108 867.4453 -580.44121 283.000 Sipsey 150.301 

109 868.2045 -580.36163 266.000 Sipsey 150.830 

110 868.9636 -580.28198 277.000 Sipsey 151.362 

111 872.0001 -579.96269 275.000 Sipsey 153.508 

112 872.7592 -579.8827 240.000 Sipsey 154.049 

113 873.5183 -579.80263 274.000 Sipsey 154.593 

114 874.2774 -579.7225 274.000 Sipsey 155.138 

115 875.0365 -579.64229 258.000 Sipsey 155.685 

116 875.7955 -579.56202 205.000 Sipsey 156.234 

117 876.5546 -579.48167 217.000 Sipsey 156.785 

118 877.3137 -579.40126 183.000 Sipsey 157.338 

119 871.9033 -579.04329 236.000 Sipsey 154.162 

120 872.6623 -578.96331 273.000 Sipsey 154.701 

121 873.4213 -578.88325 275.000 Sipsey 155.242 

122 874.1803 -578.80312 259.000 Sipsey 155.785 

123 874.9393 -578.72292 213.000 Sipsey 156.330 

124 875.6983 -578.64266 249.000 Sipsey 156.877 

125 876.4572 -578.56232 258.000 Sipsey 157.425 

126 877.2162 -578.48192 212.000 Sipsey 157.976 

127 877.9752 -578.40144 268.000 Sipsey 158.528 

128 872.5653 -578.04392 226.000 Sipsey 155.356 

129 873.3243 -577.96388 274.000 Sipsey 155.894 

130 874.0832 -577.88376 271.000 Sipsey 156.435 
 

CALPUFF Receptor Locations (LCC) 

LCC Origin: 40.0N, 97.0W, Standard Parallels: 33.0N, 45.0N 

Receptor 

No. 

LCC 

East 

(km) 

LCC West 

(km) z (m) Description 

Distance 

to Holcim 

(km) 

131 874.8421 -577.80357 228.000 Sipsey 156.978 

132 875.601 -577.72331 251.000 Sipsey 157.522 

133 876.3599 -577.64299 244.000 Sipsey 158.068 

134 877.1188 -577.56259 243.000 Sipsey 158.616 

135 871.7096 -577.20452 208.000 Sipsey 155.479 

136 872.4684 -577.12455 213.000 Sipsey 156.013 

137 873.2273 -577.04451 252.000 Sipsey 156.549 

138 873.9861 -576.9644 274.000 Sipsey 157.088 

139 874.7449 -576.88423 274.000 Sipsey 157.628 

140 875.5037 -576.80398 244.000 Sipsey 158.170 

141 876.2625 -576.72366 215.000 Sipsey 158.714 

142 877.0213 -576.64327 267.000 Sipsey 159.260 

143 873.1302 -576.12516 247.000 Sipsey 157.207 

144 873.889 -576.04506 305.000 Sipsey 157.743 

145 874.6477 -575.96489 267.000 Sipsey 158.281 

146 875.4065 -575.88465 269.000 Sipsey 158.821 

147 876.1652 -575.80434 271.000 Sipsey 159.363 

148 873.7919 -575.12573 247.000 Sipsey 158.401 
 

APPENDIX C 

Model Summary Results
 

Holcim Artesia CALPUFF Summary Results

YEAR DAY HR RECEPTOR COORDINATES (km) TYPE DV(Total) DV(BKG) DELTA DV F(RH) %_SO4 %_NO3 %_OC %_EC %_PMC %_PMF

2001 354 0 10 871.822 -585.559 D 8.647 7.639 1.008 3.4 24.76 74.07 0.1 0.4 0.12 0.56

2001 6 0 35 881.598 -583.595 D 8.281 7.639 0.642 3.4 20.65 78.22 0.1 0.38 0.11 0.54

2001 278 0 108 867.445 -580.441 D 8.311 7.731 0.580 3.6 34.73 63.87 0.12 0.47 0.14 0.67

2001 90 0 1 872.678 -586.399 D 7.899 7.406 0.493 2.9 78.77 20.67 0.05 0.19 0.06 0.27

2001 243 0 108 867.445 -580.441 D 8.303 7.867 0.436 3.9 91.93 7.31 0.06 0.26 0.08 0.36

2001 201 0 91 867.542 -581.361 D 8.229 7.867 0.363 3.9 98.44 0.95 0.05 0.21 0.06 0.29

2001 277 0 108 867.445 -580.441 D 8.093 7.731 0.362 3.6 45.55 53.61 0.07 0.28 0.08 0.4

2001 8 0 147 876.165 -575.804 D 7.979 7.639 0.340 3.4 35.38 64.16 0.04 0.15 0.05 0.22

2001 38 0 108 867.445 -580.441 D 7.823 7.5 0.324 3.1 52.04 47.11 0.07 0.29 0.09 0.41

2001 313 0 108 867.445 -580.441 D 7.9 7.593 0.307 3.3 49.32 50.04 0.05 0.22 0.06 0.31

2001 229 0 108 867.445 -580.441 D 8.167 7.867 0.300 3.9 82.75 16.62 0.05 0.21 0.06 0.3

2001 138 0 89 881.305 -580.837 D 7.878 7.593 0.285 3.3 58.05 38.56 0.29 1.15 0.34 1.61

2001 7 0 91 867.542 -581.361 D 7.918 7.639 0.279 3.4 38.58 60.97 0.04 0.15 0.04 0.21

2001 232 0 35 881.598 -583.595 D 8.142 7.867 0.276 3.9 85.35 13.07 0.13 0.54 0.16 0.75

2001 239 0 10 871.822 -585.559 D 8.124 7.867 0.257 3.9 68.46 30.25 0.11 0.43 0.13 0.61

2001 240 0 53 881.5 -582.675 D 8.119 7.867 0.253 3.9 80.01 18.09 0.16 0.64 0.19 0.9

2001 245 0 108 867.445 -580.441 D 8.119 7.867 0.252 3.9 85.34 13.77 0.08 0.3 0.09 0.42

2001 119 0 53 881.5 -582.675 D 7.605 7.358 0.247 2.8 36.8 61.56 0.14 0.56 0.16 0.78

2001 131 0 108 867.445 -580.441 D 7.829 7.593 0.236 3.3 85.92 13.27 0.07 0.27 0.08 0.39

2001 133 0 35 881.598 -583.595 D 7.814 7.593 0.222 3.3 48.58 49.62 0.15 0.61 0.18 0.86

2001 221 0 108 867.445 -580.441 D 8.079 7.867 0.212 3.9 95.11 3.81 0.09 0.37 0.11 0.52

2001 190 0 1 872.678 -586.399 D 8.077 7.867 0.210 3.9 90.54 8.76 0.06 0.24 0.07 0.34

2002 193 0 9 871.062 -585.639 D 8.579 7.867 0.713 3.9 78.92 19.84 0.11 0.42 0.12 0.59

2002 364 0 5 875.717 -586.078 D 8.292 7.639 0.653 3.4 34.24 63.97 0.15 0.6 0.18 0.85

2002 300 0 9 871.062 -585.639 D 8.16 7.731 0.43 3.6 83.19 16.33 0.04 0.16 0.05 0.23

2002 326 0 1 872.678 -586.399 D 7.979 7.593 0.386 3.3 30.09 69.09 0.07 0.28 0.08 0.39

2002 236 0 108 867.445 -580.441 D 8.211 7.867 0.344 3.9 80.5 18.07 0.12 0.48 0.14 0.68

2002 213 0 91 867.542 -581.361 D 8.207 7.867 0.341 3.9 94.08 5.18 0.06 0.25 0.07 0.35

2002 65 0 35 881.598 -583.595 D 7.698 7.406 0.292 2.9 29.19 69.22 0.14 0.54 0.16 0.76

2002 155 0 36 868.59 -584.04 D 8.021 7.776 0.245 3.7 98.36 1.22 0.04 0.14 0.04 0.2

2002 18 0 108 867.445 -580.441 D 7.873 7.639 0.234 3.4 57.3 40.41 0.19 0.78 0.23 1.09

2002 328 0 108 867.445 -580.441 D 7.825 7.593 0.232 3.3 40.76 58.34 0.08 0.31 0.09 0.43

2002 350 0 108 867.445 -580.441 D 7.86 7.639 0.222 3.4 51.56 47.04 0.12 0.47 0.14 0.67

2002 9 0 9 871.062 -585.639 D 7.856 7.639 0.217 3.4 58 41.26 0.06 0.25 0.07 0.35

2002 165 0 91 867.542 -581.361 D 7.987 7.776 0.211 3.7 96.93 2.19 0.07 0.3 0.09 0.42

2002 324 0 8 877.996 -585.837 D 7.798 7.593 0.206 3.3 75.37 23.54 0.09 0.37 0.11 0.52

2002 111 0 53 881.5 -582.675 D 7.561 7.358 0.203 2.8 62.44 33.73 0.33 1.29 0.38 1.82

2002 232 0 36 868.59 -584.04 D 8.068 7.867 0.201 3.9 94.05 5.27 0.06 0.23 0.07 0.32

2002 179 0 108 867.445 -580.441 D 7.964 7.776 0.188 3.7 94.91 3.84 0.11 0.42 0.13 0.6

2002 192 0 108 867.445 -580.441 D 8.047 7.867 0.18 3.9 95.16 4.03 0.07 0.27 0.08 0.38

2002 331 0 1 872.678 -586.399 D 7.756 7.593 0.163 3.3 66.4 32.9 0.06 0.24 0.07 0.33

2002 231 0 108 867.445 -580.441 D 8.027 7.867 0.16 3.9 50.21 47.99 0.15 0.61 0.18 0.86

2002 261 0 108 867.445 -580.441 D 8.025 7.867 0.158 3.9 96.46 2.44 0.09 0.37 0.11 0.52

2002 146 0 1 872.678 -586.399 D 7.743 7.593 0.15 3.3 98.6 0.54 0.07 0.29 0.09 0.41

2003 197 0 108 867.445 -580.441 D 8.363 7.867 0.497 3.9 91.59 7.4 0.09 0.34 0.1 0.48

2003 105 0 108 867.445 -580.441 D 7.819 7.358 0.461 2.8 42.56 55.79 0.14 0.56 0.17 0.79

2003 335 0 108 867.445 -580.441 D 8.01 7.593 0.418 3.3 42.24 56.33 0.12 0.48 0.14 0.68

2003 167 0 108 867.445 -580.441 D 8.189 7.776 0.413 3.7 69.45 28.79 0.15 0.6 0.18 0.84

2003 188 0 108 867.445 -580.441 D 8.251 7.867 0.384 3.9 95.85 3.33 0.07 0.28 0.08 0.39

2003 195 0 1 872.678 -586.399 D 8.176 7.867 0.309 3.9 92.42 6.78 0.07 0.27 0.08 0.38

2003 34 0 108 867.445 -580.441 D 7.799 7.5 0.3 3.1 40.62 57.61 0.15 0.6 0.18 0.84

2003 214 0 108 867.445 -580.441 D 8.157 7.867 0.291 3.9 84.43 14.58 0.08 0.33 0.1 0.47

2003 278 0 108 867.445 -580.441 D 8.018 7.731 0.288 3.6 50.75 46.98 0.19 0.77 0.23 1.08

2003 240 0 35 881.598 -583.595 D 8.153 7.867 0.286 3.9 68.57 29.7 0.15 0.59 0.17 0.82

2003 196 0 1 872.678 -586.399 D 8.131 7.867 0.264 3.9 97.22 2.05 0.06 0.25 0.07 0.35

2003 233 0 108 867.445 -580.441 D 8.115 7.867 0.248 3.9 95.98 3.55 0.04 0.16 0.05 0.22

2003 191 0 35 881.598 -583.595 D 8.108 7.867 0.241 3.9 84.58 13.93 0.13 0.51 0.15 0.71

2003 295 0 108 867.445 -580.441 D 7.967 7.731 0.236 3.6 31.6 66.55 0.16 0.63 0.19 0.88

2003 215 0 91 867.542 -581.361 D 8.091 7.867 0.225 3.9 96.37 3.28 0.03 0.12 0.03 0.17

2003 339 0 8 877.996 -585.837 D 7.855 7.639 0.217 3.4 79.79 19.63 0.05 0.2 0.06 0.28

2003 247 0 35 881.598 -583.595 D 8.084 7.867 0.217 3.9 93.88 5.08 0.09 0.35 0.1 0.49

2003 169 0 8 877.996 -585.837 D 7.984 7.776 0.208 3.7 91.69 7.74 0.05 0.19 0.06 0.27

2003 203 0 108 867.445 -580.441 D 8.074 7.867 0.207 3.9 80.86 17.41 0.15 0.58 0.17 0.82

2003 3 0 53 881.5 -582.675 D 7.846 7.639 0.207 3.4 34.33 65.1 0.05 0.19 0.06 0.27

2003 20 0 8 877.996 -585.837 D 7.84 7.639 0.201 3.4 44.41 54.99 0.05 0.2 0.06 0.29

2003 326 0 35 881.598 -583.595 D 7.787 7.593 0.195 3.3 37.29 61.34 0.12 0.47 0.14 0.65

0.307 22nd highest over 3 yrs

0.340 8th highest from each of 3 yrs
Appendix L.4.8