Registry No. 911-1-lt 

NATIONAL RECOVERY ADMINISTRATION 

PROPOSED CODE OF FAIR COMPETITION 

FOR THE 

RET ~L\IL FUR 

MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY 

AS SUBMITTED ON SEPTEMBER 1, 1933 

I - • 

________ ,.. ---- _, 

U.S. DEP~TO~Y . 

The Code for the Retail Fur Manufacturing Industry 

in its present form merely reflects the proposal of the above-mentioned 

industry, and none of the provisions contained therein_ are 

to be regarded as having received the approval of 

the National Recovery Administration 

as applying to this industry 

UNITED STATES 

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 

WASHINGTON : 1933 

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D.C, - - - - - - - - Price 5 cents 
8 UBMITTED BY 

THE RETAIL MANUFACTURING FURRIERS OF AMERICA, INC. 

(D) 
NATIONAL RETAIL MANUFACTURING FUR CODE OF FAIR 

COMPETITION 

PURPOSE 

To effectuate the policy of Title I of the ational Industrial Act, 

during the period of the emergency, by reducing and relieving unemployment, improving the standards of labor, eliminating competi- tive practices destructive to the interests of the public, e1nployees, 

and employers and otherwise rehabilitating the Retail Fur Industry 

and in other respects, the following provisions are established as a 

code of fair competition for the entire Retail Fur Manufacturing 

Indu try of the United tates. 

ARTICLE I-EFFECTIVE DATE 

This Code shall become effective ten days after it has been approved 

by the President pur uant to the National Industrial Recovery Act. 

ARTICLE II-DEFINITION OF TERMS 

(a) Manufactur·ing Furriers.-The term "manufacturing furriers" 

when used in this Code is defined to mean, and shall include, fur 

e tabli hments employing labor in the manufacture of fur garments, 

fur pieces, or fur ets for use wholly or in part as wearing apparel. 

(b) Retail Manufacturing Furrier.-The term "retail manufacturing 

furrier" or" employer" when used in this Code is defined to m.ean, and 

shall include, any establishment, person, partnership, association, or 

corporation employing labor, engaged in the manufacture, servicing, 

production, cleaning, storing, repairing, or remodeling of fur coats, 

fur scarfs, or fur trimmings, and kindred articles made from furs and 

skins, and in making fur apparel for ready-made sale direct to the 

public, to order, or special measure. 

(c) Wholesale Manufacturing Furrier.-The term" wholesale manu- facturing furrier" when used in this Code is defined to mean and shall 

include any establishment or person employing labor in the manu- facture of wearing apparel made principally of fur and intended for 

resale as ready-made merchandise. 

(d) Fur Trimming Manufacturer.-The term "fur trimming manu- facturer" when used in this Code is defined to mean and shall include 

any establi hment or person employing labor in manufacturing fur 

part such as collars, capes, yokes, sleeves, cuffs, linings, borders, 

band , intended for use as trimming upon garments of materials other 

than fur , whether nch trimming items are to be sold to the men's 

or women' cloth and silk wearing apparel trades or to stores for direct 

ale to the public. 

(e) The term "worker" as used herein, is defined to mean one who 

i engaged in cutting, operating, nailing, finishing, squaring, taping, 

or staying of any garments made out of furs and skins and kindred 

articles in the Fur Industry. 

9153-33 ( 1) 
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(f) The term "nonmanufactlll'ing en1ployee" as used herein, is 

defined to mean all persons engaged in the Retail Fur Manufacturing 

Industry not included in any of the above classifications. 

(g) The term "Retail fur manufacturer " as used herein, is defined 

to include the retail fur manufacturer, the fur departments of department stores and specialty shops, the repairing, the remodeling, and/or 

cleaning of fur coats, fur scarfs, fur trimmings and any wearing apparel 

made out of furs and skins, direct to the consumer public or special 

order. 

ARTICLE III-MAXIMUM HOURS OF WORK 

SECTION 1. No employers in the Retail Fur Manufacturing Industry, as defined throughout the United States, shall operate on a 

schedule of hours of labor for their employees in excess of forty (40) 

hours per week, during the months of April, May, September, October, November, and December, and thirty-five (35) hours per week 

during the months of January, February, March, June, July, and 

August. Recognizing the fact that the retail fur establishments in 

some sections have different seasonable peaks of employment and of 

production, we request of the Federal Administrator that if possible 

an option may be allowed of changing the above months, but not the 

number of months, on each hourly basis. 

SEc. 2. The regular working hours during the months when Forty 

(40) hours shall be the maximum hours of work per week shall be 

from 8 A.M. to 12 M. and from 1 P.M. to 5 P.M., on the first five 

working days of the week. 

SEc. 3. The regular working hours during the months when thirtyfive (35) hours shall be the maximum hours of work per week shall 

be from 8:30 A.M. to 12 M. and from 1 P.M. to 4:30 P.M., on the 

first five working days of the week. 

SEc. 4. No production work shall be permitted on Saturday or 

Sunday of any week, exception to be allowed towards working a 

small emergency group of employees on Saturday, providing that the 

total number of hours during the week of those employees shall not 

be over the maximums set forth above, provided, however, that if 

any firm or individual wishes to work on Saturday and not work on 

Monday that same shall be permitted. 

SEc .. 5. Overtime work is expressly prohibited save in cases of extreme emergency and then only, if satisfactory, other-than-regular 

employees cannot be secw·ed, either or both from the Union or otherwise. In any case, such overtime should not be for more than the 

emergency purpose of finishing special and particular orders. When 

and where this emergency exists and overtime is granted, the number of additional hours shall not exceed 8 hours per week. 

SEc. 6. No person or persons under the age of sixteen (16) shall 

be employed in the manufacture or production of fur garments or fur 

articles. 

SEc. 7. Employers shall not be permitted to manufactm.; or produce any fur garments or fur articles, under conditions that are known 

as " inside contracting" , by giYing a contract to workers in their 

respective factories for the production of same by the employees. 

SEc. 8. No employers or employees shall be permitted to take out 

work to be performed at the homes of the employees or employers. 
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SEc. 9. Employers shall not be permitted to give out work under a 

contract with workers for the finishing and lining of garments. 

SEc. 10. No manufacturing employee shall be permitted to work 

for more than one employer at one time or shall he or she be permitted 

to work in the aggregate in excess of the maximum number of hours, 

in a single week, as established in this Code, except where an eniergency arises and a shortage of labor is definitely established. This to 

apply only during the forty (40) hour week periods and with the 

sanction and upon approval of the National Emergency Control 

Board of the Retail Manufacturing Furriers Inc., composed of responsible impartial furriers, together with a representative of the 

Administrator of the Industrial Recovery Administration, or such 

agency as he may designate. Under these conditions labor is to be 

paid upon the basis of time and a half overtime. 

SEc. 11. The labor conditions herein set forth shall also apply to 

all retail manufacturers who do not employ workers but perform the 

work themselves without the aid and assistance of craftsmen workers 

in the Industry and the maximum working hours established in this 

Code shall bind and be applicable to all employers and workers alike 

engaged in the production, manufacture, remodeling or repairing of 

fur garments and articles made from furs and skins. Not more than 

two members of a firm shall be permitted to actually perform work 

in the production of fur garments that are customarily and necessarily 

performed by the various craftsmen of the industry. 

SEc. 12. For all other employees save supervisor employees, administrative employees, executives, and retail sales people, the maximum hours of work shall not be in excess of forty (40) hours per week. 

Retail sales people shall not work on a schedule i~1 excess of forty-f0ur 

(44) hours per week, exception thereof, only when and where a scarcity 

of selling force is established. Peculiar to the fur industry, retail sales 

people are usually individually sought after by their own respective 

following among the public. Furs, in the main, are purchased in 

confidence and the public prefers being waited on by their own sales 

people, and it would to a great extent handicap both the employee, 

who in most instances is working in a large part on a commission basis, 

and also the employer if the sales persons were not available during 

the major business hours of the day. 

ARTICLE IV-COMPENSATION 

SECTION 1. The minimum wage scale to be paid in the Metropolitan Area of ew York shall be as follows: · 

Minimum Rate 

Cutters: per hour 

First class____________________________________________________ $1. 42 

Second class_________ __________ ________________ _______ ___ ___ __ 1. 25 

Operators: First class___ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1. 19 

Second class__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1. 00 

Nailers: 

First class__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1. I 3 

Second class___________ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . 94 

Finishers: 

First class___ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1. IO 

Second class_________________________________________________ _ . 88 

Throughout the history of the Fur Industry, geographical wage 

differentials have existed, due in the main to the difference in living 
4 

cost and general economic conditions and the ability adequately to 

manage the industries in the respective localities. The establishments in the Fur Industry in the different localities have been developed under such differences in wages, and after a survey bearing on 

such differences in the various sections of the United States, it is proposed that a schedule of compensation be rated in accord with an 

agreement or to be computed upon the conditions set forth. 

SEC. 2. The wage scales in all other sections of the country shall be 

in such ratio to the scale fixed in the Metropolitan Area as the 

standard of living of the respective sections varies from the living 

scale in the Metropolitan Area, but should not in any case be below 

minimum scales prevailing during 1929. 

SEc. 3. The second class of cutters, operators, and nailers shall 

comprise those working on fur coats, robes, and other articles made 

from the following skins, namely: Angora, Astrakhan (common), 

Buffalo, Coneys, Dog, Hamster, Horse, Jackal, Kangaroo, Llama, 

Lion, Mice, Muffion, American Opossum, Rabbit (all types), Sheep, 

Swan, Thibet, Wombat, and Zebra. 

SEC. 4. The second group of cutters shall include squarers. The 

second group of finishers shall include tapers and stayers on any kind 

of garment. 

SEc. 5. No piece work shall be permitted. 

SEC. 6. No worker shall be employed below the minimum wage 

scales as herein established, except in cases of wages to be paid to the 

feeble, the old, and the ]earner, which shall be governed by mutual 

agreement. Employees may not collectively, however, bargain over 

and above the minimum wage scale, as herein established. All wages 

to be paid over and above the minimum wage scale shall be by agreement between the employer and the individual worker. 

SEc. 7. The minimum wage scale that shall be paid by employers 

to any of their nonmanufacturing employees, shall not be less than 

$15 per week in any city of over 500,000 population, or in the immediate trade area of such city ; nor less than $14.50 per week in any city 

of between 250,000 and 500,000 population, or in the immediate trade 

area of such city; nor less than $14 per week in any city between 2,500 

and 250,000 population, or in the immediate trade area of such city; 

and in towns of less than 2,500 population to increase all wages by not 

less than 20 percent, provided that this shall not require wages in 

excess of $12 per week. Population for the purposes of this Code shall 

be determined by reference to the 1930 U.S. Census. 

ARTICLE V-UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE 

There is every hope and expectation on the part of employers and 

employees that through the National Industrial Recovery Act, steps 

will be taken to put into active operation an unemployment insurance fund. Accordingly, such fund will be undertaken, as soon as the 

enforcement of union labor standards and general stabilization have 

reached the point at which the provisions for payment of unemployment contributions can be generally enforced throughout the entire 

retail fur industry. The time when the conditions in the industry 

have reached the point when such fund may be established shall be 

determined by the Committee of the National Emergency Control 

Board, hereinafter mentioned, and the Trade Administrator. When 
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it is established, it shall be in accordance with such prov1s10ns as 

shall be determined by the said Committee and the Trade Administrator, and not in conflict with any provious insurance enacted by any 

State Agency. 

ARTICLE VI-CLASSIFICATION OF RETAIL MANUFACTURING 

SECTIO 1. Retail Fur Establishments or Retail Furriers .-The name 

of "furrier" or "fur shop" is to be used only by firms employing 

labor in producing fw· and fur garments, whereas exclusive sellers 

of ready-mad fur rn.erchandise snall not be permitted to call themselves "furriers ' or "fur shops", since the term "furrier" or "fur 

shop" implies a fur worl~ shop and practical, mechanical skill in 

executing all manner of ·fur work. A bona fide practical furrier 

who has a shop but employes no labor, shall have right to call himself 

"furrier", or his establishment a "fur shop" upon approval of the 

National Emergency Control Board of the Retail Manufacturing 

Furriers of America, Inc., composed of responsible, impartial furriers 

together with a representative of the Administrator of the Industrial 

Recovery Act or such agency as he may designate. This is to 

protect the small, legitimate retail manufacturing furrier who is a 

practical fur craftsman, although employing no labor. 

TRADE PRACTICES 

SECTION 1. It shall be unfair competition for any one to sell or 

service furs at retail under false pretences of any sort, especially 

under the guise or impression that the public purchases such garments or services at a wholesale price; that garn1ents are sold as used 

samples at a sacrifice, or that the price of such garments or services 

is lower than that of other retail manufacturing fur establishments 

because the public buys from the maker or manufacturer, when every 

retail furrier is in fact in large part his own manufacturer. All such 

claims, if wholly or in part fictitious or misrepresentative, shall be 

deemed unfair competition. 

SEc. 2. It shall be unfair competition for any one to sell or service 

furs or to advertise fur merchandise or services at retail at less than 

net cost plus 10% to insure that labor shall at least be partially covered and protected. Excepted from this rule shall be seasonal clearance sales, and the sales of actually shopworn or damaged goods which 

must, however, be plainly marked as such, and which may be sold 

below actual production costs, but not more than 25% below current 

replacement values. 

SEc. 3. Advertising statements (written, printed, radio, or display) 

which misrepresent merchandise, values, services, or which use false 

or misleading fur names; selling methods which tend to mislead the 

consumer in any manner, shall be deemed acts of unfair competition. 

SEc. 4. Retail furriers shall be free to advertise their own goods, 

services, and prices, but reference to the goods, services, or prices of 

competing retail fur establishments shall be regarded as an act of 

unfair competition. This shall also apply to any written, advertised, 

or broadcast statements which lay claim to a policy of underselling 

competitors. 
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SEc. 5. Installment plan.-N o retail fur establishment shall sell 

furs upon the installment plan, unless a carrying charge of at least 10% 

be added to the purchase price of such merchandise. Any contravention of this rule shall constitute an act of unfair competition. 

This, however, is not to apply to legitimate charge account transactions. 

SEc. 6. Storage.-N o person, firm, or corporation shall receive fur 

garments for storage unless, first, that it be a fully qualified fur establishment and that at least one first-class, practical craftsman shall be 

in charge and oversee the handling of such storage. Second, that 

proper facilities shall be maintained for careful and efficient handling 

of all garments and that a suitable fur storage room shall be available 

that will properly protect all garments from moth, filth, and vermin, 

and that it shall be deemed an act of unfair competition to advertsie 

cold storage in connection with storage unless such furs are actually 

placed in storage to hold the garments and subject them to frigid air. 

Nothing herein shall prevent a practical furrier or fur shop from 

receiving storage and caring for it in the ordinary manner. 

SEc. 7. Insurance.-Likewise it shall be an act of unfair competition 

to solicit and accept furs for storage unless proper and complete 

insurance protection accompanies the service. 

SEc. 8. Minimum charge for storage of fur garments shall be 2% 

of a fair valuation thereof, and, in any event, not less than $3. Small 

articles made of fur shall not be stored for less than 2% of a fair 

valuation thereof, and in any event, not less than $1. It shall be 

deemed unfair competition to make charges for Fur Storage which are 

not consistent herewith. Exception to be made when such furs are 

purchased during the period of non.utilization, and not to exceed 

fiscal year. 

SEc. 9. Fur cleaning and servicing.-It shall be deeined unfair 

competition for any person outside of a furrier or a fur shop or one 

employing a fully skilled first class fur cutter working on the premises 

to accept fur garments of any sort for cleaning or servicing. It is to 

be considered that this part of the fur work is as essential to the protection of the public as any other phase of the fur business and that 

an inefficient person handling fur garments in this connection is 

liable to do irreparable damage and the public should, therefore, be 

protected from such intruders. Also that no fur garments so accepted 

for cleaning or servicing sha11 be subjected to any other method 

except as those recommended by legitimate retail furriers as efficient 

and conservan t. 

SEc. 10. Cleaning advertising.-Must specify whether furrier's 

method of dry cleaning methods are used. 

SEc. 11. Trade-ins.-Trade-in allowances must not be advertised. 

SEc. 12. Trade-in allowances.-Allowances on old fur coats must 

not exceed the actual value of such old furs for repair purposes. 

SEc. 13. Free storage and alterations.-The advertising of free 

storage and free alterations of fur garments shall be regarded as an 

act of unfair compet~tion. 

SEc. 14. Trade names.-Trade names convey nothing to the general 

public and their use in describing similated furs must be qualified in 

parenthesis immediately following the article name and are not to be 

described with astericks requiring a search to determine what it n10ans. 
7 

SEc. 15. Guarantee.-Fur garments are made of skins of animals 

and any guarantee in relation to their wear is hazardous. When an 

article is guaranteed such guarantee must be definite and clear and 

specific as to the length of time; any qualification or reservation in 

reference thereto must be mentioned. 

SEc. 16. Cleaning and glazing.-When the merchants contracts 

or o:ff ers and is paid for the cleaning and glazing of the garment, such 

service must be performed in the recognized method of such treatment. 

Merely blowing the garment out with air does not constitute cleaning 

and glazing. 

SEc. 17. Selling by true names .-Al) furs sold to the consumer 

public by anyone are to be sold and billed under their true names, 

specifying whether natural, dyed, blended, or feathered. Any exception shall be deemed an unfair business practice. 

S_Ec. 18. Bidding for employees.-It shall be unfair practice to 

entice or wean away employees "manufacturing and/or nonmanufacturing" from competitors or anyone in the fur industry to employ or 

seek to employ any employee who is employed in any division of the 

industry. 

SEc. 19. Limitation on sales.-A limitation on the number of sales 

to be held during the year shall be determined by mutual agreement 

with local Trade Rules. 

SEc. 20. Style copy.-It shall be considered unfair competition 

to copy styles and pirate designs of other retail manufacturers or 

stylists, and sell the same under the misrepresentation that it is the 

true design of the retail manufacturer. 

SEc. 21. Replacement Value. -The cost of production shall be 

derived at by a proper accounting system and calculating the actual 

cost of all materials used in the garment manufactured, plus cost of 

labor, plus overhead and incidental expense incurred in the maintenance of the business of the retail mfl.nufacturer. 

SEc. 22. Accounting.-It shall be incumbent upon all retail manufacturers to keep and maintain accurate calculation and accounting 

books which shall be at all times available for inspection by the duly 

constituted representatives of the National Industrial Recovery Act. 

SEc. 23. Business Information.-Procuring or divulging otherwise 

than with the consent of the concern, information concerning the 

business _of such concern, which is properly regarded as a business 

secret, or of confidential origin, shall be ·deemed an act of unfair 

competition. 

SEc. 24. Materials. -Selling, using, or substituting any material or 

materials inferior to the quality shown or specified, by the seller to 

the purchaser, or inferior method of manufacturing, not consistent 

with legitimate retail furriers' method, shall be deemed an act of 

unfair competition. 

SEc. 25. Misleading Information. -Disseminating, publishing! or 

circulating any false or misleading information relative to competitive 

merchandise or the credit standing or ability of any retail competitor, 

shall be deemed acts of unfair competition. 

SEc. 26. Gratuities. -Making or promising to any purchaser, or 

prospective purchaser, of any article or articles of fur, or to any 

officer, employee, purchasing agent, or representative of any such 

purchaser, or such prospective purchaser, any bribe, gratuity, gift, 

or other payment of any remuneration, directly or indirectly, shall be 

deemed acts of unfair competition. 
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ARTICLE VII-ADMINISTRATION OF THE CODE 

To further effectuate the policies of this Act and the policies of this 

industry, throughout the United States, it will be incumbent upon 

the Retail Manufacturing Furriers of America, Inc., to create and 

maintain a Committee, known as the National Emergency Control 

Board, consisting of adequate representation, which will include 

representatives of labor, retail manufacturers, fur departments of 

department stores, specialty shops, and any and all other retail fur 

outlets that are governed under the classjfications of Article II of this 

Code, and shall include proper representation for divisional, sectional, 

and territorial classifications throughout the United States. This 

Committee shall operate and function under the jurisdiction of the 

Fur Trade Administrator or any Governmental appointee. Similar 

representation upon this National Emergency Control Board shall 

be given to any and all other retail trade associations throughout the 

United States as shall hereafter be formed and who shall participate 

and join in the observance of the provision of this Code. This 

Board shall be national in scope, functioning for the benefit of all those 

who are identified with, or directly interested, in the Retail Fur 

Industry, such as employ labor and are representative of the Retail 

Fur Industry, who they represent. This Board shall, in addition to 

other powers herein specifically conferred, be designated as a planning 

fair practice and controlling agency for the Retail Fur Industry. 

Such agency may, from time to time, present to the Federal Administrator of this Act, recomn1endations based upon conditions in the 

Industry, as they may develop from time to time, which will tend to 

effectuate the operation of the provisions of this Code and the policy 

of the National Industrial Recovery Act. 

(a) Recommendation as to the requirements of such other and 

further reports from persons engaged in the Retail Fur Industry 

throughout the United States. All and any statistical information 

and the maintaining of uniform accounts as may be required to secure 

the proper observance of this Code, both in setting up of a Service 

Bureau for engineering, accounting, stabilization of industrial 

employment and compensation consistent with sectional standards 

of living, for the making of additional trade rules as to practices, 

methods, and conditions of trading, the naming and reporting of 

prices, to prevent and eliminate unfair competitive prices and 

practices and any and all other purposes that will secure and promote 

sound stable conditions in the Retail Fur Manufacturing Industry, 

in cooperation with this National Emergency Control Board. When 

such recommendations are made by this Control Board with the 

approval of the Trade Adrninistrator, same will have the same force 

and eff~ct as any other provisions of this Code. Such agency must 

at all tunes cooperate with the Trade Administrator in making any 

and all investigations as to the changing and observance of any of the 

provisions of this Code at its own instance or upon complaint of any 

one of the members of the Board. The said National Emergency 

Control Board sha11 investigate the matter or matters complained of 

a~d 1:eport its findings to the Administrator for appropriate d1spos1 t10n. 

(b) It shall be the duty of the ational Emergency Control Board 

to investigate and report their findings of any laxity relative to the 

evasion of the Fur Manufacturers' Excise Tax. 
9 

SEc. 2. There shall be a Secretary who will act under the Code. 

Under the direction of the Trade Administrator and/or the ational 

Emergency Control Board, he will keep all books (except books of 

account) and records under the Code and, except as such National 

Emergency Control Board and/or Administrator shall otherwise 

provide, shall collect,, file and collate all statistics and other information required by the ational Emergency Control Board for the 

proper administration of the Code. 

SEc. 3. There shall be a Treasurer who will act under the Code 

and under the direction of the Administrator and/or the ational 

Emergency Control Board. He will have custody of, and have 

charge of the disposition of, all funds collected under the Code; and 

he shall keep proper books-of account showing the collection and 

disposition thereof. 

SEc. 4. The National Emergency Control Board and/or the 

Administrator shall have power from time to time to appoint and 

remove, and to fix the compensation of, all such other officers and 

employees and all such accountants, attorneys, and experts, as said 

Board shall deem necessary or proper for the purpose of administering 

the Code and to fix the compensation of the Secretary and the Treasurer for their services in acting under the Code. 

SEc. 5. The expense of administering the Code shall be borne by the 

members and nonmembers thereof. The Trade Administrator and 

the National Emergency Control Board may from time to time make 

such assessments on Account of such expenses against the members 

and nonmembers of the Code as it shall deem proper and such assessments shall be payable as such Control Board and/or Trade Administrator shall specify. Failure of any member or nonmember of the 

Code to pay the amount of any assessments against such member or 

nonmember for a period of tp.irty days after the date on which it 

became payable shall constitute a violation of the Code. 

SEc. 6. The National Emergency Control Board and/or Trade 

Administrator may from time to time appoint such committees as it 

shall deem necessary or proper to effectuate the purpose of the Code, 

he or they may delegate to any such committee generally or in particular instances such of the powers and duties under the National Control 

Board under the Code, as such duties shall be deemed necessary or 

proper in order to effectuate such purpose. Any member of any such 

committee may be a member of the Code, as the Trade Administrator 

and/or Control Board shall deem proper. 

SEc. 7. None of the members of the Code shall be liable in any 

manner to anyone for any act of any other member of the Fur Industry 

or for any member of the National Emergency Control Board, or 

any committee, officer, or employee appointed under the Code, nor 

the Treasurer, nor the Secretary, nor any officer or employee appointed 

under the Code, shall be liable to anyone for any action or omission 

to act under the Code, except for his willful violation of duty or 

nonduty. 

SEc. 8. The National Emergency Control Board shall continue in 

effect for a period of not less than 90 days after the termination of the 

National Industrial Recovery Act, or any time after the expiration of 

such period as conditions may warrant. When so terminated, all 

obligations and liabilities under the Code shall cease, except those for 

unpaid assessments theretofore made in accordance with the pro-
10 

visions of the Trade Administrator and/or National Emergency Control Board and those for liquidated obligations theretofore accrued 

by the Trade Administrator and/or the National Emergency Control 

Board. 

ARTICLE VIII-PARTICIPATION 

Any employer may participate in this Code and in any of the revisions of, additions thereto, and receive the benefits thereof, by accepting the proper pro-rata share of the cost and responsibility of creating 

and administering it, either by becoming a member of the applicants 

submitting this Code, or any association that may hereafter become 

parties to this Code, or any and all those receiving the benefits of 

this Code, throughout the United States, shall participate in fair 

proportion of the cost of administration thereof. 

ARTICLE IX-LICENSING 

SECTION I. As the stability of the Industry and the ability to carry 

into effect the purpose and intent of this Act depend entirely upon 

the complete cooperation of all those engaged in the manufacturing 

branch of the Retail Fur· Industry, and with a view to effectuating 

such complete stabilization, all persons that are members of the applicant associations proposing this Code shall by virtue of their membership be deemed collectively to have been licensed to do business in 

this industry under this Act. 

SEc. 2. Any and all persons engaged in the business of manufacturing, producing, servicing, storing, cleaning, renovating, remodeling, 

or repairing of furs made from furs or skins, anywhere in the United 

States, if they are not members of this association submitting this 

Code, or any other applicant association, or of any other duly constituted Association or Associations with, will hereafter become a 

party hereto, and are authorized by the Administrator to act under 

this Code, shall promptly, following the effective date of this Code, 

obtain and procure from the Administrator, subject to the approval 

of the National Emergency Control Board, a license or permit to 

engage, conduct or to continue in business, and participate in the cost 

of administration of this Code, which will conditioned upon the applicant of such application to comply with all and every of the provisions 

of this Code and the amendments thereto, and such other and further 

regulations as may be prescribed by said National Emergency Control 

Board together with the Fur Administrator. 

ARTICLE X-LABOR PROVISIONS 

SECTION 1. Pursuant to subsection (a) of Section 7 of the National · Industrial Recovery Act and so long as the Code shall be in effect, 

the Code shall be subject to the following conditions: 

(a) Employees shall have right to organize and bargain collectively 

through representatives of their own choosing and shall be free from 

the interference, restraint, or coercion of employers of labor, or their 

agents, in the designation of such representatives or in self-organization or in other concerted activities for the purpose of collective 

bargaining or other mutual aid or protection. 
11 

(b) That no ernployee and none seeking employment shall be 

required as a condition of employment, to join any company union 

or to refrain from joining, organizing or assisting a labor organization of his own choosing; and 

(c) That employers shall comply with the maximum hours of 

labor, minin1um rates of pay, and other conditions of employment, 

approved or prescribed by the president. 

SEc. 2. That there will be no discrimination against employee, 

because of race, creed or sex, or any impairment of, or any interference of any right of such employee to belong or not to belong to 

any lawful society, fraternity, union or any other organization. 

ARTICLE XI-ARBITRATION PROVISIONS 

Any complaint, difference, controversy or question or fair competition arising under or out of this Code, or relating to standards as 

to maximum hours of labor, minimum rates of pay or other working 

conditions provided for therein, or concerning the interpretation or 

application of any provision thereof, shall be submitted to arbitration in accordance with the ruling of the Administrator, and/or the 

National Emergency Control Board of the Retail Manufacturing 

Furriers of America, Inc. 

ARTICLE XII-MONOPOLIES 

SECTION 1. This Code is not designed to promote monopolies and 

shall not be availed of for that purpose. 

SEc. 2. The provision of this Code shall not be interpreted or 

administered as to eliminate or oppress small enterprises or to discriminate against them. 

ARTICLE XIII-DEPUTIZATION 

The Administrator is expressly authorized to deputize the com- mittee named herein and/or his or its representative or representatives, to do and perform such acts as may be necessary to carry into 

effect the purpose and intent of this Code. 

ARTICLE XIV-SUPPLEMENTAL CODES 

SECTIO 1. This Code and ull the provisions thereof are expressly 

made subject to the right of the president, in accordance with the 

provision of Clause 10 (b) of the National Industrial Recovery 

Act, from time to time to cancel or modify, any order, approval, 

license, rule, or regulation, is ued under Title I of said act, and specifically to the right of the President to cancel or modify his approval 

of this Code or any conditions imposed upon his approval thereof. 

SEc. 2. Such of the provi ions f this Code as are not required to be 

included therein by the ational Industrial Recovery Act may, with 

the approval of the president, be modified or eliminated as changes 

in circum tances or experience may indicate. It is contemplated 

that from time to time, supplementary provisions to this Code, or 

additional Codes, will be added or substituted for approval of the 

President to prevent unfair competition and price and other unfair 

and destructive competitive practices and to effectuate the other 
12 

purposes and policies of Title I of the National Industrial Recovery 

Act consistent hereof. 

ARTICLE XV-QUALIFICATIONS 

The intrusion of numerous outside elements, utterly unskilled and 

with insufficient experience in the peculiar nature of furs and fur 

work, necessary for the retention of public confidence in furriers and 

fur work, is an evil which this Code strives to ameliorate if not to 

eradicate completely. 

The ultimate aim of the Retail Manufacturing Furriers of America, 

Inc., is the licensing, by governmental agency, Trade Administrator or 

National Emergency Control Board, of all legitimate retail manufacturing fur establishments. As an initial step toward this end, and 

for the purposes of this Code, it shall be hereafter deemed an Act or 

practice of unfair competition for any person or firm to advertise, 

solicite or execute fur work or fur service of any kind, including storage 

unless such person or firm is composed of at least one skilled, practical, 

retail manufacturing furrier actively engaged in the retail fur business 

or employs skilled fur help, and unless such person or firm maintains, 

upon his or its own premises, skilled fur help in an adequately equipped 

fur shop. 

Any person or persons, firm or corporation engaging in any or all of 

the services offered by Retail Manufacturing Furriers of America, 

Inc. , shall be governed by this Code of fair competition. Minor rules and regulations pertaining to special closing hours, 

holidays, special price schedules, etc., may be made and evoked by 

affiliated associations so long as they do not conflict in any of the 

provisions of this Act, and are to be sanctioned by the Trade Administrator, or his representative, National Emergency Control Board, or an 

impartial committee of retail manufacturing furriers of the Retail 

Manufacturing Furriers of America, Inc. 

ARTICLE XVI-MEMBERSHIP 

The RETAIL MANUFACTURING FuRRIERS OF AMERICA, !Ne., submitting this Code respectfully affirms that it imposes no inequitable 

restrictions on admission to membership therein and is truly representative of the Retail Fur Manufacturing Industry. 
CERTIFICATE OF APPROVAL 

To HONORABLE HUGHS. JOHNSON, Administrator 

National Industrial Recovery Act, Washington, D.C. 

THIS IS TO CERTIFY that the foregoing Code of Fair Competition for the Retail 

Manufacturing Industry of the United States, as required under the National 

Industrial Recovery Act, is hereby submitted by the RETAIL MANUFACTURING 

FURRIERS OF AMERICA, INc., of 9 East 48th Street, New York, New York. 

The above association was organized under the laws of the State of New York 

in the year 1929. Existing as such, it is composed of about a thousand retail 

manufacturers throughout the country, taking within its fold the following affiliates of recognized retail fur manufacturers associations: 

Greater New York Retail Furriers Ass'n, New York, N.Y. 

Fur Manufacturing Protective Ass'n of Phila. Inc., Philadelphia, Pa. 

Furriers Guild of Hartford, Hartford, Conn. 

State of New Jersey Retail Manufacturing Furrers Ass'n, Newark, N.J. 

Manufacturing Furriers Ass'n of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa. 

Buffalo Fur Merchants Ass'n, Buffalo, N.Y. 

Milwaukee Retail Manufacturing Furrers Ass'n, Milwaukee, Wisc. 

Colorado Springs Retail Fur Ass'n, Colorado Springs, Colo. 

Individual memberships where no groups are formed, are likewise individually 

enrolled. Our Detroit Association is now in process of once again becoming 

active, as they have always been a strong unit in our national link of retail 

furriery. In the States of Texas and Connecticut we are organizing entire State 

affiliation. Similar requests have come to use from local groups, such as, Baltimore, Md., Akron, Ohio, Duluth, Minn., Salt Lake City, Utah, Norfolk, Va., 

Middletown, N.Y. We are also allied with the entire Furriers Guild of Canada, 

where one of our Vice Presidents, namely Mr. Charles De Guerre, was former 

President of the Toronto Furriers Guild. 

Some of the nonaffiliate retail fur associations, such as Spokane, Baltimore, 

Washington, D.C., San Francisco, and others have called upon us for assistance 

and advice in drafting their local Codes. Most of these associations have 

endorsed our Code of Fair Practices in its entirety, with the exception of labor, 

due to the difference of their sectional and geographical standards of living. However, the RETAIL MANUFACTURING FURRIERS OF AMERICA, INC.'s 

Code in its revised form, has amply made provisions for this important phase. 

RETAIL MANUFACTURING FURRIERS OF AMERICA, INC. 

By SIDNEY A. HAAS, President. 

DATED, NEW YORK, NEW YoRK, August 30, 1933. 

IsEAL.] 

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