### 1



## U

. S

. En v i r o n m e n t a l P r o t ec t

i o n Ag en c y

R e g ion 9

C le a n A i r A c t P e r m i t

En v i r o n m e n t al J u s ti ce A n a ly s is

F o ur C or n e rs Pow er Pl a nt

Pro p os ed P SD P e r mit NN 14

- 01 a nd T r i bal M i n or NSR T

- 002

- NN

J u ly 2014



### I n t ro du c t i on

E x ec utiv e O r d e r 12898, e n t i tl e d “ F e d e r a l Ac tio n s T o A d d r e s s E nvi r o nm e nt a l J u s ti ce in M in o r it y P opul a tio n s a nd

L o w

- I n c om e P opul a tio n s

, ” s t a t e s i n r e l e v a nt p a r t th a t “ e ac h F e d e r a l age n cy s h a ll m a k e ac hi e vin g e nvi r onm e nt a l

ju s ti ce p a r t o f

i t s m i s s ion b y id e nti f

y in g a nd a d d r e s s in g

, a s a pp r o p r i a t e , d i s p r op o r tio n a t e l y hi g h a nd a dv e rs e h u m a n

h ea lth o r e nv

i r onm e n t a l e ff

e c t s o f i t s p r o g

r a m s

, poli c i e s

, a nd ac tiviti e s on min o r it y p o pul a tion s a n d lo w

- in c o m e popul a tio n s

. ” S ec tion 1

- 101 o f E x ec . O r d e r 12898, 59 F e d. R eg . 7629, ( F e b. 16, 1994 )

. “ F e d e r a l age n c i e s a r e r e qu i r e d

to impl e m e n t th i s o r d e r c o n s i s t e n t w ith, a nd to t h e e xt e n t p e r mi t t e d b y

, e xi s t i n g l aw

. ” I d

. a t 7632. B a s e d on t hi s

E x ec utiv e O r d e r , th e E P A ’ s E nvi r onm e n t a l A pp ea l s B o a r d ( EA B ) h a s h e ld th a t e nv i r onm e nt a l j u s ti ce i s s u e s mu s t b e

c on s id e r e d i n c onn ec tio n w ith th e i ss u a n ce o f f

e d e r a l C l ea n A i r Ac t ( CAA ) Pr e v e n t i on o f Si g ni f i ca nt D e t e r io r a t

i on

( P SD) p e r m i t s i ss u e d b y E P A R eg ion a l O ff i ce s a nd s t a t e s ac tin g

und e r d e l ega tion s o f F e d e r a l a uth o r it y

. S e e, e. g

., I n r e

P r a i r ie St a te Ge n e r a ti n g C om p a ny , 13 E

. A .D. 1, 123 ( EA B 2 006); I n r e K nau f F i b e r Gl a s s, G m bH , 8 E

. A .D. 121, 17 4

- 7 5

( EA B 1999) ( “ Kn a u f I ” ). E P A R eg ion a l O ff i ce s o r th e i r d e l ega t e s in th e s t a t e s h a v e f o r s e v e r a l yea r s in c o r po r a t e d

e nvi r onm e n t a l ju s ti ce c o n s i d e r a tion s i nto t h e i r r e vi ew o f a ppli ca tion s f o r P SD p e r mi t s

. T h e E A B r e i n f o r ce d th e impo r t a n ce o f c ompl e tin g a n e nvi r o n m e nt a l ju s ti ce a n a l y s i s in a r ece nt opin i on d i s c u ss e d f u r t h e r b e lo w

. S ee I

n r e: S h ell

G u lf o f M ex i c o

, I n c. and S h ell O ffs h o r e, I n c. , O C S A pp ea l N o s . 10

- 1 to 1 0

- 4, Slip O p. a t 6 3

- 4 ( EA B D ece mb e r 30, 201 0 )

(“ S h ell II ” ).

E P A d e t e r min e d th a t th e r e m ay b e mino r i ty

o r lo w

- in c o m e popul a tio n s p ot e nti a ll y a ff ec t e d b y i t s p r op o s e d ac ti o n on

th e F o u r C o r n e rs P o we r P l a nt ( F C P P ) Pr e v e nt i on o f Si g ni f i ca nt D e t e r i o r a ti o n ( P S D ) p e r mit a ppli ca t i on, a nd

d e t e r min e d t h a t it w oul d b e a pp r o p r i a t e to p r e p a r e a n E nvi r onm e n t a l J u s ti ce A n a l y s i s f o r th i s ac tion, w hi c h i s

p r ovid e d b e lo w

.

F o r p u r p o s e s o f t h e E x ec utiv e O r d e r o n e nvi r o nm e nt a l j u s ti ce

, E P A h a s r ec o g ni ze d t h a t c ompli a n ce w ith t h e

a ppli ca bl e N a tion a l A mbi e n t A i r Qu a lity St a nd a r d s (N A

A QS) i s e m bl e m a ti c o f ac hi e vin g a l e v e l o f publi c h ea lth

p r ot ec ti o n th a t d e mo n s t r a t e s th a t E P A ’ s i ss u a n ce o f a p e r mit f o r a p r op o s e d f

ac ility w ill not h a v e di s p r o po r t

i on a t e l y

hi g h a nd a dv e rs e hum a n h e a

lth o r e nv i r o n m e nt a l e ff

ec t s on min o r it

y p o pul a tio n s a n d lo w

- in c om e p o pul a tio n s

. S e e,

e. g

., S h ell I I

., s li p op. a t 74; I

n r e S h ell O ffs h o r e I n c. , 1 3 E

. A .D. 357, 404

- 5 ( E A B 2007) (“ S h ell I ” ); I n r e K nau f F i b e r G l a ss,

G m bH , 9 E

. A .D 1, 15

- 17 ( E A B 2000) (“ K nau f II ” ); I n r e A E S P u e r t o R ico

, L

. P ., 8 E

. A

. D. 324, 351 ( EA B 199 9 ). T h i s i s

b eca u s e th e N AA QS a r e h ea lth

- b a s e d s t a nd a r d s

, d e s i g n e d to p r ot ec t p u bli c h ea lth w i th a n a d e qu a t e m a r g

in o f s a f e t y

, in c ludin g s e n s itiv e p o pul a ti o n s s u c h a s c hil d r e n, th e e ld e r l y

, a nd a s thm a ti c s

. A s t h e EA B o b s e r v e d, “ [i] nth e c ont e xt

o f a n e nvi r onm e nt a l j u s ti ce a n a l y s i s

, c ompli a n ce w it h t h e N AA QS i s e m bl e m a ti c o f ac hi e vin g a l e v e l o f publi c h ea lth

p r ot ec ti o n th a t, b a s e d on t h e l e v e l o f p r o t ec tion a f

f o r d e d b y th e N AA QS, d e mo n s t r a t e s th a t m i no r i ty o r lo w

- in c om e popul a tio n s w

ill n o t e xp e r i e n ce di s p r opo r tion a t e l y hi g h a nd a dv e rs e h u m a n h ea lth o r e nvi r o n m e nt a l e f f ec t s du e to

e xpo s u r e t o r e l e v a nt c r i t e r i a pollut a n t s

. ” S h ell II , Slip Op

. a t 73.

T h e s tudi e s a ss e ss e d b y E P A in s e ttin g N AA QS a nd t h e int eg r a tion o f th e s c i e nti f

i c e vid e n ce p r e s e nt e d th e r e in h a v e

und e r g on e e xt e n s iv e c r iti ca l r e vi ew b y E P A , th e C l ea n A i r S c i e nti f i c A dv i s o r y C o mm i tt ee ( CA S AC ), a nd th e publ i c

. S ee e

. g

., Pr im a r y

N a ti o n a l A mbi e nt A i r Qu a lity St a nd a r d s f

o r Ni t r o ge n D i oxid e

, F in a l R ul e , 75 F e d. R eg . 6474, 6 4 78

F e b. 9, 2010. “ T h e r i g o r

o f t h e r e vi ew

m a k e s th e s e s t u d i e s

, a nd th e i r i nt eg r a tiv e a s s e s s m e nt, th e m o s t r e li a bl e s o u r ce

o f s c i e nt i f i c in f o r m a t i on on w hi c h to b a s e d ec i s io n s on t h e N AA QS. ” I d. W h e n s e tt

i n g th e N AA QS, “ [

t]h e

A dmini s t r a t o r ’ s f

in a l d ec i s i o n s d r aw u pon s c i e nti f i c i n f o r m a tion a nd a n a l y s i s r e l a t e d t o h ea lth e ff ec t s , p o pul a tion

### 2

e xpo s u r e s

, a nd r i s k s ; jud g m e nt s a bo u t th e a p p r o p r i a t e r e s po n s e to th e r a n ge o f un ce r t a inti e s t h a t a r e inh e r e n t in

s c i e nti f i c e vid e n ce a nd a n a l y s e s ; a nd c o mm e nt r ece iv e d f r om CA S AC a nd th e p ubli c

. ” I d. a t 6483. I n li g

ht o f th e s e

c h a r ac t e r i s ti c s o f th e p r o ce s s f o r s e ttin g th e s t a nd a r d s , t h e EA B ge n e r a ll y “ r e li e s on a nd d e f e r s to th e Age n cy ’ s

c umul a tiv e e xp e r ti s e w h e n u pholdin g a p e r mit i ss u e r ’ s e n vi r onm e n t a l ju s ti ce a n a l y s i s b a s e d on a p r op o s e d f ac ility ’ s

c ompli a n ce w

ith th e r e l e v a n t

N AA QS in a P S D a pp ea l. ” S h ell II , Slip Op. a t 74.

P u r s u a nt t o C l ea n A i r Ac t s e c tion 165( a )( 3 ), c on s t r u c t

i o no f a m a jo r e mittin g f

ac ility m ay

not c omm e n ce until th e

o w n e r o r op e r a t o r o f s u c h f ac ilit y d e mon s t r a t e s

, a m on g oth e r t hin g s

, th a t th e f ac ility w ill not ca u s e o r c on t r ibut e t o a i r pollution i n e x ce ss o f a n y N AA QS a ppli ca bl e to th e P S D p e r mi t d ec i s ion. 4 2 U.S. C

. § 7475( a )(3); s ee a l s o 40 C F R

. 22.21(k) a nd 52.21(

i )(2). W i t h r e s p ec t to th e p r o p o s e d p e r mit f o r th e F C P P , th e Pr oj e c t do e s n o t t r i gge r P S D r e v i ew

f o r a n y pol l ut a nt w

i t h a N A A QS, a s th e Pr oj ec t ’ s n e t e m i ss i o n s in c r ea s e s f a ll b e lo w t h e s i g ni f

i ca nt e mi s s io n s r a t e f

o r

tho s e p ollut a n t s , in c ludin g n it r o ge n diox i d e (NO 2

), v ol a t i l e o r ga ni c c ompo u nd s (

V O C ), p a r ti c ul a r m a t t e r 10 u m i n

di a m e t e r a nd s m a ll e r (

PM 10 )

, p a r ti c ul a t e m a tt e r 2.5 mi c r o m e t e r a nd s m a ll e r ( PM 2 .5 ), l e a d ( P b), s ul f

u r dioxid e (SO 2

)

,

a nd ca r bon m onoxid e ( C O )

. G e n e r a ll y

, E P A R eg i o n 9 h a s look e d t o c ompli a n ce w i t h th e N AA QS to s a ti sf

y th e

E x ec utiv e O r d e r a s to t h e p ollut a nt s r eg ul a t e d und e r th e P SD p r o g r a m. Ho we v e r

, f o r th i s P r oj ec t, th e o nl y P SD

pollut a nt w

i t h a s i g n i f

i ca nt n e t e mi ss i on s in c r ea s e i s s u l f u r i c ac id mi s t (S A M

), a nd E P A h a s not p r o mul ga t e d a

N AA QS f o r S A M

. A s d e s c r i b e d in m o r e d e t a il b e lo w

, E P A h a s d e t e r min e d t h a t, in t hi s ca s e , it i s a p p r op r i a t e to

r e vi ew pot e nti a l i m p ac t s a ss o c i a t e d w ith th e in c r ea s e s in S A M e mi s s io n s f r o m th e F C PP , in o r d e r to f ull y c o n s id e r

e nvi r onm e n t a l ju s ti ce c o n s i d e r a tion s c o n ce r nin g t h e pol l ut a nt r eg ul a t e d u n d e r th e P S D p r o g r a m th a t i s a t i ss u e in

th e

p r e s e nt P SD p e r mi t tin g ac t i on.



### P ro j ect D escr i p t i on

A P S c o

- o w n s a nd o p e r a t e s t h e F C PP

. T h e F C PP i s a c o a l -f i r e d po w e r pl a nt, u tili z i n g

pulv e r i ze d c o a l

- boil e r s , lo c a t e d

on th e N a v a jo N a t i on a bo u t 25 mil e s we s t o f F a r m i n g t o n, N ew M e xi c o. T h e F C P P c u rr e ntl y c o n s i s t s o f t w o 7 5 0

m egawa tt (

M W ) c o a l

- f i r e d e l ec t r i c s t ea m

- ge n e r a tin g uni t s ( E GU s ), w

i th a t o t a l ca p ac it

y o f a pp r ox i m a t e l y

1,500 M W

,

a nd oth e r a n c ill a r y e qui p m e nt s u c h a s c o a l s t o r age , lim e h a ndlin g op e r a t i on s a n d d r y a s h h a ndlin g o p e r a tio n s

. Pr e vio u s l y , th e F C P P c o n s i s t e d o f f i v e c o a l -f i r e d E GU s

. On A u g u s t 24, 2012, E P A p r omul ga t e d a s ou r ce

- s p ec i f i c

F e d e r a l I m pl e m e nt a ti o n P l a n ( F I P ) r e qui r in g th e F C PP t o ac hi e v e e mi ss i o n r e du c ti o n s r e qu i r e d b y th e CAA ’ s b e s t

a v a il a bl e r e t r o f

it t ec hnolo gy (

B A RT ) r e qui r e m e nt s. 1 I n a l e tt e r d a t e d D ece mb e r 30, 2 0 13, A P S not i f i e d E P A t h a t a s

p a r t o f th e c ompli a n ce s t r a t e gy f o r th e B A RT F I P it w o u

ld p e r m a n e ntl y s hut do w n t h r ee e xi s tin g E G U s – U nit s 1, 2,

a nd 3 b y J a nu a r y

1, 2014. A s o f J a nu a r y

20 1 4, th e F C PP no w c on s i s t s o f th e t w o r e m a inin g

750 M W E G U s – Un i t s 4

a nd 5 – a nd th e e x i s tin g a n c i ll a r y e quipm e nt. A P S w ill f u r th e r c o mpl y w

ith th e r e qu i r e m e nt s o f E P A ’ s B A R T F I P b y

in s t a llin g S C R on U nit s 4 a n d 5 to r e du ce e m i ss i on s o f nit r o ge n oxid e s ( NO X ) b y a p p r oxim a t e l y

80 % fr o m c u r r e n t

l e v e l s

. T h e i n s t a ll a tion o f

S C R to c o mpl y w

ith E P A ’ s B A RT F I P i s ca u s in g a s i g ni f i c a nt n e t e m i ss i o n in c r ea s e o f

s ul f u r i c ac id mi s t (S A M o r H 2 SO 4 ), w hi c h i s th e r ea s o n E P A mu s t obt a in a P SD p e r mit f r om E P A R eg

ion 9 f o r thi s

Pr oj ec t. B eca u s e th e Pr oj ec t ca u s e s a s i g n i f i ca n ce n e t e m i ss i o n s in c r ea s e onl y f o r S A M e mi s s io n s , S A M i s th e on l y pollut a nt s ubj ec t t o P S D r e v i ew f o r th e S C R P r oj ec t

.

C u rr e ntl y , Uni t s 4 a nd 5 a r e eac h c ont r oll e d b y a we t f l u e ga s d e s ul f

u r i za tion ( F G D) s y s t e m a nd a b ag ho u s e

. T h e we t

F GD s y s t e m i s o p e r a t e d p r i m a r il y to r e d u ce s ul f

u r diox i d e (SO 2

) e m i ss i o n s a nd i s l o ca t e d a t th e e nd o f th e c on t r ol

t r a in ju s t p r i o r t o th e f

lu e ga s e xitin g

th e s t ac k. Eac h uni t ’ s b ag ho u s e i s lo ca t e d p r i o r t o th e we t F GD a nd u s e d

p r im a r il y f

o r r e du c in g P M

, PM 10

, a nd PM 2 .5 e m i ss i o n s

.

T h e F C P P S CR P r oj ec t inv o lv e s th e i n s t a ll a tion o f S C R t o r e du ce a pp r ox i m a t e l y 80 % o f th e NO X e mi s s io n s f

r o m

Unit s 4 a n d 5 to c o mpl y w i t h E P A ’ s B A R

T F I P

. E P A ’ s B A R

T F I P r e qui r e s i n s t a ll a t

i on o f th e S C R s y s t e m s on U nit s

4 a nd 5 to i m p r ov e v

i s ibility a t 16 n ea r b y C l a ss I a r ea s

, s u c h a s M e s a Ve r d e N a tion a l P a r k. T h e n ew a nd a ff ec t e d

e mi ss i o n uni t s a s s o c i a t e d w i t h th e F C P P S C R P r oj ec t a r e :

· Unit s 4 a n d 5 w

ill b e mod i f

i e d b y a ddin g

n ew S C R e m i s s io n s c on t r ol s

. S C R w ill b e a dd e d to s ub s t a nti a ll y

r e du ce NO X e mi s s io n s

. T h e S C R s y s t e m s w ill b e lo ca t e d a f

t e r eac h E GU’ s ec o n omi z e r a nd b e f o r e th e a i r

p r e h ea t e r

.

1 Fo r m o r e info r m a t

i on on EP A ’s B A RT F I P

, ple as e see 77 Fe d

. R e g

. 51620 ( Au g

. 12

, 2012 )

### 3

· B eca u s e th e S C R e mi s s io n s c ont r o l s w ill ca u s e a s i g

ni f i c a nt n e t e mi s s io n s in c r ea s e i nS A M e mi s s io n s

, E P A i s

r e qui r in g F C PP to i n s t a ll a n d op e r a t e d r y s o r b e nt inj ec t i on (D S I ) s y s t e m a s B AC T t o minimi ze S A M

e mi ss i o n s

. T h e D S I s y s t e m w ill b e lo ca t e d a f

t e r t h e a i r p r e h ea t e r a nd j u s t b e f o r e th e b ag

hou s e a nd we t F GD.

· Tr u c k t r a ff

i c w ill i n c r ea s e d u e to th e d e liv e r y o f r eage nt f o r th e D S I s y s t e m r e s ultin g i n in c r ea s e d f u g i tiv e

e mi ss i o n s fr o m p a

v e d pl a nt r o a d s

.

· Tr u c k t r a ff

i c w ill a l s o in c r e a s e du e to t h e d e liv e r y o f u r e a p e ll e t s , 29 % a qu e o u s a m m oni a , o r a nh y d r ou s

a mmoni a f

o r th e S C R s y s t e m r e s u l tin g in in c r ea s e d f

u g i tiv e e mi ss i on s f

r om p a v e d p l a nt r o a d s

.

· A n ew

pn e um a ti c d r y s o r b e nt t r u c k u nlo a din g s y s t e m a nd s ilo w ill b e in s t a ll e d.

· A n ew

pn e um a ti c u r ea p e ll e t

t r u c k unlo a d i n g s y s t e m a nd s ilo m ay b e i n s t a ll e d i f thi s r eage nt option i s s e l ec t e d

f o r t h e S C R s y s t e m o r a n e w a mmoni a t r u c k unlo a din g s t a tion a nd s to r age t a nk w ill b e in s t a ll e d i f e i t h e r th e

a qu e ou s o r a n h y d r o u s a m m oni a optio ni s s e l ec t e d f o r t h e S C R s y s t e m

.



### R eg ul at ory Fr a me w o rk

T h e P S D p r o g r a m i s a p r ec o n s t r u c tion r e vi ew a nd p e r m i ttin g p r o g r a m a ppli ca bl e t o c e r t a in n ew m a jo r s t a t

i on a r y

s ou r c e s a nd m a j o r mod i f

i ca t ion s a t e x i s tin g

m a j o r s t a tio n a r y s ou r c e s

. T h e s p ec i f i c r e qui r e m e n t s und e r th e P S D

p r o g r a m a p pli ca bl e to s t a ti o n a r y s o u r ce s lo ca t e d in I ndi a n c ount r y a r e i n E P A ’ s F e d e r a l I mpl e m e nt a tion P l a n f o r th e

P SD p r o g r a m a t 4 0 C F R

52

. 21. T h e P S D p r o g r a m a ppli e s to a n y r eg ul a t e d N S R

poll u t a nt ( a s d e f

in e d in 40 C F R

52.21), e x ce pt f

o r pollut a n t s d e s i g n a t e d non a tt a inm e n t f o r a N AA QS. T h e F C P P i s a n e xi s tin g m a jo r s ou r ce t h a t i s

lo ca t e d in a n a r ea d e s i g n a t e d a s a tt a inm e nt f o r a ll N AA Q S. T h e r e f

o r e , th e P SD p r o g

r a m a ppli e s i f th e F C P P S CR

Pr oj ec t i s a m a jo r mod i f

i ca tion f o r a n y r eg ul a t e d N S R p ollut a nt

.

T h e a ppli ca bility o f P S D to a p a r ti c ul a r s ou r ce m u s t b e d e t e r min e d in a dv a n ce o f c o n s t r u c tion o r m o di f i ca tion a nd i s pollut a nt

- s p ec i f

i c

. T h e p r i m a r y c r it e r ion i s w h e th e r th e p r op o s e d p r oj ec t i s s u f f i c i e nt l y l a r ge (in t e r m s o f

i t s e mi s s i on s )

to b e a m a jo r s t a ti o n a r y s ou r ce o r m a jo r modi f i ca ti o n. I f th e e mi s s io n s f

r om a p r oj ec t a r e g r ea t e r th a n th e l e v e l s th a t

a r e c on s id e r e d a m a jo r s t a ti o n a r y s o u r ce o r m a j o r m o di f i ca tion, a P SD p e r mit mu s t b e i ss u e d b e f o r e c o n s t r u c tio no f

th e p r oj ec t.

E P A h a s d e t e r min e d t h a t a P SD p e r mit i s r e qu i r e d b eca u s e th e n e t e m i s s io n s in c r ea s e o f S A M i s a bov e t h e

s i g ni f i ca n ce t h r e s ho l d o f 7 t on s p e r yea r

. I n m a kin g ou r a ppli ca bility

d e t e r min a t

i on E P A a l s o c o n s id e r e d t h e

c ont e mp o r a n e ou s e m i s s ion d ec r ea s e s f r om th e s h utdo w

n o f e xi s tin g

Uni t s 1, 2, a nd 3.

I n a dditi o n to th e P S D p r o g r a m, E P A m u s t a l s o c o n s id e r w h e th e r thi s p r oj ec t i s s ub j ec t to th e M ino r N ew Sou r c e

R e vi ew Pr o g

r a m ( NS R ) in I ndi a n C ount r y f

oun d in 40 C F R

49.151

- 1 6 1. T h i s p r o g r a m in c lud e s p r ec on s t r u c ti on

p e r mitt i n g r e qui r e m e n t s f

o r mino r modi f

i ca ti o n s a t m a j o r s o u r ce s lo ca t e d i n I ndi a n c ount r y

. T h e r e qu i r e m e n t s o f thi s

p e r mitt i n g p r o g r a m a r e t r i g

g e r e d b a s e d on th e a ppli ca bil i ty c r it e r i a c ont a in e d i n 40 C F R 49.153. B a s e d on th e n e t

e mi ss i o n s i n c r ea s e s fr o m th e F C PP S C R P r oj ec t ( a nd c o n s id e r a ti o n o f th e c ont e mp o r a n e ou s s hu t do w n o f Uni t s 1, 2,

a nd 3) E P A d e t e r min e d th a t th e p r oj ec t i s n o t s u bj ec t to th e M in o r N S R Pr o g r a m in I ndi a n C ou n t r y

, e x ce pt f o r t h e

r e qui r e m e nt to in c lud e in c r e a s e s in a llo wa bl e e m i ss i o n s i n th e p e r m i t f o r ce r t a in a uxi l

i a r y e quipm e nt a s s o c i a t e d w i th

th e Pr oj ec t.

Ov e r a ll, th e F C P P S C R P r o j ec t i s e xp ec t e d to r e s ult i n a d ec r ea s e o f a p p r oxim a t e l y 1 9,000 ton s p e r yea r ( tp y ) o f

nit r o ge n ox i d e s (

NO X ) a nd up to a 237 tp y i n c r ea s e in S A M e mi s s io n s

.

I n a dditi o n, th e P SD p e r mit t in g p r o g r a m r e qu i r e s t h a t t h e b e s t a v a il a bl e c ont r o l

t ec h nolo gy

( B A C T ) b e r e qui r e d f

o r

eac h e mi ss io n s un i t s u bj ec t t o P SD r e vi ew

. E P A ’ s p r op o s e d p e r m i t f o r th e Pr oj ec t in c lud e s

, a mon g o th e r

r e qui r e m e n t s , th e u s e o f B A C T to lim i t e mi s s io n s o f s ul f u r i c ac id mi s t

(S A M ) to th e g r ea t e s t e xt e nt f

ea s ibl e

.



### D emogr a ph i cs, P u b l ic P a r t i c i p at i o n /O u t re a ch A c t i v i t i es, a nd A ir Q u a l i ty in t he S an J u an

C o u n ty

D es c r i p t i on of L o c al A r ea

F ou r C o r n e r s P o w e r P l a nt i s a n e xi s tin g f ac ilit y w hi c h i s l o ca t e d on N a v a jo I ndi a n R e s e r

v a tion l a n d, h a l f way

b e t wee n

th e to w n s o f S hip r o c k a nd F a r min g ton, N ew M e xi c o, in S a n J u a n C ounty

. T h e po w e r pl a nt i s s u rr o und e d b y m o s tl y

### 4

d e s e r t l a nd, e x ce pt f

o r M o r g a n L a k e

, w hi c h i s n e xt to a n d no r t h o f th e po we r pl a nt. M o r ga n L a k e i s a m a n

- m a d e

r e s e r vo i r

, s p a nnin g a p p r ox i m a t e l y 1,200 ac r e s

, a nd i s s u ppli e d w ith wa t e r b y th e S a n J u a n R iv e r t h r ou g

h a n e x i s t i n g

2.5 mil e

- lon g

p i p e lin e

. T h e p l a nt s it e i s a l r ea d y s e r v e d b y p a v e d r o a d s

, e x i s tin g t r a n s m i ss i o n lin e s

, pumpin g s t a t i o n pip e lin e s f

o r wa t e r a n d oth e r s u rr o u ndin g

, a n c ill a r y f ac il i ti e s

. T h e e xi s tin g a n c ill a r y f ac iliti e s th a t s up p o r t th e po w e r pl a nt in c lud e t r a n s m i ss i on l i n e s

, f l y a s h s t o r age s il o s

, t h r ee s w it c h ya r d s

, a nd c ond e n s e r c oolin g wa t e r i n t a k e ca n a l s

. T h e po we r pl a nt a l s o h a s a n e xi s tin g

, e l ec t r i c r a il lin e th a t t r a n s po r t s c o a l f

r om th e N a

v a jo min e to t h e f

ac ility

.

T h e po p ul a tion ce nt e r s lo ca t e d w ithin S a n J u a n C ounty i n th e vi c inity o f th e Pr oj ec t s it e in c lud e th e u nin c o r po r a t e d

c ommuniti e s o f Wa t e rf

lo w

, N M (3.79 mil e s / 6.1 k m n o r th), F r uitl a nd, N M ( 5.1 mil e s / 8.2 km n o r th ea s t), a nd

Ki r tl a nd, N M (5.4 mil e s /8. 7 km no r th ea s t ). F a r t h e r o u t a r e th e to w n o f Shi p r o c k (1 1 .6 mil e s /18.6 km no r th we s t) w ith

a popul a tion o f

6,380 a nd t h e C it y

o f F a r m in g ton (18 mi l e s /28.9 km ea s t ) w ith a p o p ul a tion o f

37,11 7 a s o f

th e 2 010

ce n s u s

.

T h e f ac ility i s lo ca t e d on th e N a v a jo N a tion I ndi a n R e s e r

v a tion a nd th e r e a r e n o ot h e r t r ib e s w ithin a 50 k

m r a d i u s

. Oth e r n e i g

h bo r i n g t r ib e s w i t hin a 100 km r a di u s in c lud e th e Ut e M o unt a in I ndi a n R e s e r v a tion to th e no r th we s t, t h e

South e r n Ut e I n di a n R e s e r v a tion to t h e no r th ea s t, a n d t h e J i ca r ill a A p ac h e to th e w e s t o f F r uitl a nd.

D e m o g r a ph ic I nf

o r m a t i on

E P A' s s c r ee nin g f

o r pot e n t i a l e nvi r onm e nt a l j u s ti ce c o n ce r n s f o c u s e d o n a n a r ea e n c omp a s s e d b y a 25 km r a diu s

fr om th e p r op o s e d f

ac ilit y

. T hi s r a di u s in c lud e s th e p r i m a r y popul a ti o n s th a t a r e e x p ec t e d b e imp ac t e d b y th e

e mi ss i o n s fr o m th e Pr oj ec t. Ho we v e r , th i s s i ze o f a n a r e a i s ge n e r a ll y mu c h g r ea t e r t h a n ty

pi ca ll y c on s id e r e d f

o r

c ommunity

l e v e l imp ac t s

, s o E P A a l s o in c lud e s d e mo g r a phi c in f o r m a tio n f

o r a r ea s c l o s e r t o th e p r op o s e d f ac ility

. We

in c lud e d d e mo g r a phi c i n f

o r m a tion f

o r a r ea s o f

5 a nd 1 5 km r a dii f

o r c o m p a r i s on. T h e s e a r ea s a r e a ll e n c omp a s s e d

w ithin th e C ou n ty

o f S a n J u a n. T h u s , to c o mp a r e in f o r m a tion, E P A w

ill p r e s e n t m e t r i c s f

o r b oth S a n J u a n C o u nty

a nd th e St a t e o f

N ew M e xi c o a s a w hol e

.

D e mo g r a phi c i n f

o r m a tion i s ca ptu r e d w

ithin th r ee r a dii s u rr o u ndin g th e F o u r C o r n e r s P o we r P l a nt a t 25

, 15, a nd 5

km 2

.

T a b le 2: A v e r a ge D em o gr a ph ic In f or m a t i o n* f

or P r o p o sed P r o je ct L o c a t i on a nd Su rro u n d i ng A r e as

C i t y/ A r ea P o pul at i on Pe r ce nt

M in o r i ty Pe r ce nt

Un d er

Age 18 Pe r ce nt

O ver Age

64 Pe r ce nt

L ing u is t ic

a lly

Is o la t ed Pe r ce nt

w /o High

S c h ool

D i pl o ma M e d i an

H o u se h o ld

Inc o me

5 km 4 36 1 00 27 6 1 12 $ 3 0

, 5 86

15 km 8

, 3 43 69 28 10 1 11 $ 3 8

, 7 99

25 km 25

, 1 66 79 31 8 1 11 $4 0

, 6 20

Sh i p r o ck, NM 6

, 3 80 97 29 8 0 9 $ 2 9

, 4 29

F ar m i ng t on

, NM 37

, 1 17 47 30 12 1 9 $ 5 6

, 0 24

S a n Ju a n C o un ty 1 2 7

, 5 17 57 29 1 1 1 12 $4 5

, 8 22

S t a te o f N e w

Me x i co 2

, 0 13

, 1 22 5 9 2 5 1 3 2 1 1 $ 4 6

, 3 3 9

* P opul a tion d e r iv e d a s s um i n g uni f o r m p o pul a tion di s t r i bution a nd, th e r e f o r e

, r e p r e s e nt s a n a

v e r age

.

T h e t h r ee r a dii c lo s e s t t o th e p r op o s e d f ac ilit y ( 5, 15, a n d 25 km) ca pt u r e popul a ti o n s a bov e th e s t a t e a n d c ount y

a v e r age f o r p e r ce nt min o r it y

, a nd th e to w n o f Sh i p r o c k a

l s o h a s a hi g

h e r t h a n C ounty a nd St a t e a v e r age o f p e r ce n t

mino r ity popul a ti o n. W hil e t h e popul a tion ’ s m i no r it y p e r ce nt age d ec r ea s e s in th e n ea r b y to w n o f F a r m i n g ton. T h e 5,

15 a nd 25 km r a dii s u r r ou nd in g th e p r op o s e d f

ac ility ca p tu r e popul a tio n s b e lo w th e C ounty a nd St a t e a

v e r age f o r

m e di a n hou s e hold in c o m e

.

2 U

. S

. Ce ns u s B ureau

, 2000 a n d 2010 D a t a ; E S R I

, 2012 ; T A N A

, 2006 ; G o og l e

, 2012

.

### 5

L in g ui s ti c i s ol a t

i on lim i t s a h ou s e hold ’ s ca p ac it y f o r c ivi c e n gage m e nt in th e r eg ul a t o r y p r o ce s s. 3 L in g ui s ti c i s ol a t i on

i s c on s t a nt, a nd r e l a tiv e l y

l o w p e r ce nt age

, w

ithin th e 5, 1 5, a nd 25 km d i s t a n ce s fr o m th e P r oj ec t, a nd i s b e lo w t h e

s t a t e a v e r age f o r lin g ui s ti c i s ol a tion. T h e p e r ce nt o f lin g u i s ti ca ll y i s ol a t e d h ou s e h old s i n th e St a t e o f N ew M e xi c o i s

2 %

, a s c o m p a r e d w

ith th e p e r ce nt o f h ou s e h old s l o ca t e d w ithin 5, 15 a nd 25 k

m o f t h e Pr oj ec t a s we ll a s th e t o w n o f

Ship r o c k a nd th e C ounty o f S a n J u a n, w hi c h i s 1 %. 4

E du ca tion l e v e l i s a no t h e r f a c to r th a t m ay

in f lu e n ce s u s c e ptibility a nd vuln e r a bility t o a i r polluti o n. L im i t e d f o r m a l

e du ca tion i s a b a r r i e r t o e m p lo y m e nt, h ea lth ca r e a nd s o c i a l r e s ou r c e s

, a nd ca n in c r ea s e th e r i s k o f p ov e r ty

, s t r e ss

, a nd

imp ac t s f r o m e nvi r o n m e nt a l s t r e s s o r s

. T h e p e r ce nt o f t h e popul a tion ov e r 25 yea rs o f age w ithout a hi g

h s c h o ol

diplom a w

ithin a 25 km r a d i u s o f th e P r oj ec t (1 1 % ) i s e q u a l to th e s t a t e a

v e r age o f 1 1 %

. T h e p e r ce nt o f

th e popul a tion w

i thout a h i g

h s c hool dipl o m a i s s imil a r th r o u g hout th e a r ea a nd n ea r b y c ommuniti e s s u rr o undin g t h e

f ac ility

.

P u b l ic P a rt i c i p a t i o n / Ou t r e a ch A c t iv i t i es f or EP A ’s P ro p o s ed P SD P e r mit D ecis i on

E P A i s und e r t a kin g a nu mb e r o f ac tio n s t o p r ov i d e pub l i c p a r ti c ip a tion o pp o r tuniti e s to th e c omm u nity f o r i t s

p r op o s e d P S D p e r mit d ec i s i on f o r th e F C PP S C R P r oj e c t.

E P A ’ s p r op o s e d p e r mit f

o r t h e Pr oj ec t, t h e acc omp a n y i n g F ac t Sh ee t, a nd th e P ubli c Noti ce w ill b e a v a il a bl e f o r

r e vi ew a t th e f

ollo w i n g lo ca t ion s : N a v a jo N a tion E P A ; S a n J u a n C oll ege in F a r min g t on, N M ; Din é C oll ege , Ship r o c k

Br a n c h in Ship r o c k, N M ; S h ip r o c k B r a n c h L i b r a r y i n F a r min g ton, N M ; a nd th e N e n a hn eza d C h a pt e r Ho u s e in

Fr uitl a nd, N M

. Oth e r

k ey do c um e nt s i n E P A ’ s a dmin i s t r a tiv e r ec o r d f o r th e p r op o s e d P SD p e r mit, in c lud i n g t h e

p e r mit a ppli ca ti o n, th e p r o p o s e d p e r mit, a nd E P A ’ s F ac t Sh ee t, a r e a l s o a

v a il a bl e f o r publi c r e vi ew

on t h e E P A

R eg ion 9 we b s it e a s we ll a s a t th e E P A R eg ion 9 o ff i ce i nS a n Fr a n c i s c o

, CA

.

E P A h a s s c h e d ul e d t

w o p ub li c in f

o r m a tion m ee t

i n g s f ol l o we d b y

publi c h ea r in g s f

o r it s p r op o s e d P S D p e r mit

d ec i s ion: A u g u s t 27, 2014 a t th e N e n a hn eza d C h a pt e r H ou s e in Fr uitl a nd

, N ew M e x i c o a nd A u g u s t 28, 2 0 14 a t t h e

S a n J u a n C oll ege in th e H e n d e rs on F in e A r t s buildin g , i n F a r min g t on, N ew M e xi c o. T h e p u r p o s e o f t h e publi c

in f o r m a tion m ee t

i n g i s to p r ovid e int e r e s t e d p a r ti e s w ith a ddition a l in f

o r m a t i on a nd a n opp o r tun i ty f

o r in f o r m a l

di s c u s s ion o f t h e p r o po s e d Pr oj ec t. T h e p u r p o s e o f t h e publi c h ea r in g s i s t o p r ovid e th e publi c w ith a n a d dition a

l

oppo r tunity t o p r ovid e o r a l a nd/o r w r i tt e n c o m m e n t s o n E P A ’ s p r op o s e d P SD p e r mit f o r th e Pr oj ec t. E P A h a s a l s o

p r e p a r e d a publi c i n f

o r m a ti o n s h ee t f

o r d i s t r ibut

i on a t t h e h ea r in g s th a t

p r ov i d e s a b r i e f ov e r vi ew o f E P A ’ s p r o p o s e d

P SD p e r mittin g ac tion f

o r t h e Pr oj ec t. T h i s h a ndo u t i s a v a il a bl e on th e E P A R eg

ion 9 p e r mit we b s it e : http:// www

. e p a

. g ov/ r eg

i on 9/ a i r /p e r m i t/ r 9

- p e r m i t s

- i ss u e d.html

.

T h e noti ce o f

th e p r o p o s e d p e r mit i s b e in g p r ovid e d to t h e publi c t h r ou g h a w id e v a r i e ty o f m e t h od s

, i n c ludin g

t h e

f ollo w in g : p o s tin g

on t h e E P A R eg

ion 9 we b s it e ; p ubli c a tion in th e N a v a jo T im e s a nd th e D a il y T im e s

, F a r min g ton;

di s t r i butio nto a m a ilin g

l i s t o f th o s e w ho h a

v e r e qu e s t e d to b e n o ti f

i e d b y U.S. M a il o f a n y ac tion s r e l a t e d to th e

Pr oj ec t; a nd d i s t r ibut

i on b y e m a il to th o s e w ho h a v e r e qu e s t e d to b e not

i f i e d b y e m a

il. W hil e th e p e r ce nt age o f

lin g ui s ti ca ll y

i s ol a t e d ho u s e h old s i s r e l a tiv e l y lo w in th e n ea r b y c ommuniti e s a nd t o w n s , th e n a t

i v e N a v a jo l a n g u age i s

Din é B i zaa d, a nd s om e m e mb e rs o f t h e Din é

- s p ea kin g popul a tion i n th e n ea r b y c ommuniti e s m ay p r e f e r to e x p r e s s

th e i r c o m m e nt s i n th e i r n a t i v e l a n g u age a t th e publi c h ea r in g s

. I n o r d e r t o e n c ou r age p a r ti c ip a tion a n d a id a tt e nd e e s

w ho w ould lik e to s u b mit t h e i r c omm e n t s in Din é

, E P A i s p r ovidin g a Din é i nt e r p r e t e r a t both publi c i n f o r m a ti o n

m ee tin g s a nd publi c h ea r in g s f o r i t s p r op o s e d P S D p e r mit d ec i s i o n.

3 A li ng u i s t i ca ll y i so l a t ed h o u s e h o l d i s de f i n ed b y th e U

. S

. Ce n s u s B ureau a s a ho u s e ho l d i n wh i c h no m e m b er 14 year s o l d a n d

o v er ( 1 ) sp ea k s on l y En g li s h o r ( 2 ) sp ea k s a no n

- E ng l i sh l a ng u a g e a n d sp ea k s E ng

l i sh " v ery w e ll .” I n o t h er wo rd s, a ll m e m b er s 14

year s o l d a n d o v er h a v e a t l ea st so m e d i ff i cu l t y w i th E n g li s h.

4 Sa n Jua n C o u nt

y h a s on e o f th e h i gh e st

c o n ce nt ra t

i o n s i n t h e U

. S

. o f sp ea k er s o f N a t iv e A m e r i ca n l a ng ua g e s. See F i g ure 1 o f

Nat i v e N o r th Am e ri c a n La n g u ag es S p oken at H o m e i n th e U n i t e d S ta t es a n d P u e r t o Ri co : 2006

– 2010 a t

ht t p: // w w w

. ce ns u s. g o v / p r o d / 2011 p u b s / ac sb r 10-10

. p df

.

### 6

S tat us of A ir Qu a l i ty in t he A r ea

T h e F C P P i s lo ca t e d w

ithin th e F o u r C o r n e rs I nt e r s t a t e A i r Qu a lity C on t r ol R eg ion. S a n J u a n C ounty i s c u r r e ntl y

d e s i g n a t e d a s a t t a inm e nt o r un c l a ss i f i a bl e f o r a ll N AA Q S: o z on e

, PM 10

, PM 2 .5 , NO 2

, C O, SO 2

, a nd l ea d.

Im p a ct of P r o je c t ’s Emi s s i o ns

E P A R eg ion 9 ’ s e nvi r onm e n t a l ju s ti ce a n a l y s e s f o r P SD p e r mit d ec i s io n s u s u a ll y f o c u s on th e pot e n ti a l imp ac t s on

mino r ity o r lo w i n c om e po p ul a tion s fr o m e mi s s io n s t h a t m ay a ff ec t th e N AA Q S th a t a r e a ppli ca bl e in th e P S D

r e vi ew f o r t h e P r oj ec t. Ho w e v e r , th e e mi s s io n s f r om th i s P r oj ec t a r e b e lo w t h e s i g n i f i ca nt e mi s s ion r a t e s f

o r a ll o f th e

N AA QS, a nd th e r e f

o r e th e Pr oj ec t i s no t s ubj ec t to P S D r e vi ew f o r a n y N AA QS p ollut a nt. A s we n ot e d a bov e

, E P A

h a s d e t e r m i n e d th a t, i n th i s ca s e , it i s a p p r o p r i a t e to r e v i ew pot e nti a l imp ac t s a s s o c i a t e d w ith th e in c r ea s e s i n S A M

e mi ss i o n s fr o m th e F C PP

, i n o r d e r to f ull y c on s id e r e n v

i r onm e n t a l ju s ti ce c o n s id e r a t ion s c on ce r nin g

th e pollut a n t

r eg ul a t e d und e r t h e P S D p r o g r a m th a t i s a t i ss u e i n th e p r e s e nt P SD p e r mi t tin g ac t i on. B a s e d on t hi s r e vi ew

, we do

not e xp ec t th e e m i ss i on s in c r ea s e o f S A M a s s o c i a t e d w

i t h th e P r oj ec t to r e s u l t in a d v e rs e hum a n h ea lth imp ac t s t o a n y popul a tion, a n d th e r e f

o r e w e do not e xp ec t t h a t o u r ac tion w ould h a v e d i s p r opo r ti o n a t e l y

hi g h a nd a dv e rs e hu m a n

h ea lth o r e nv

i r onm e n t a l e ff

e c t s on mino r i ty

o r l o w

- in c o m e popul a tio n s

, a s di s c u ss e d b e lo w

.

A t e l e v a t e d c on ce nt r a tio n s

, S A M e mi s s io n s ca n f o r m v i s ibl e plum e s

. A t s o m e oth e r f ac iliti e s w ith we t F GD s c r u b b e rs

lik e th e F C PP

, blu e S A M p l um e s h a v e b ee n o b s e r

v e d a n d r e f

e r r e d to a s plum e bli g

h t

. P h y s io l o g

i ca l r e s p o n s e s s u c h a s

eye i rr it a tion a nd b r ea thin g di ff i c ulty h a v e b ee n r e po r t ed f

o r e pi s o d e s inv o lvin g

vi s i b l e plum e s c o n t a inin g

S A M

ae r o s o l s a t g r o u nd l e v e l. 5 F in e plum e p r o bl e m s a r e e xp ec t e d to o cc u r w h e n S AM v a po r o r ae r o s ol c o n ce nt r a ti o n s

l ea vin g th e E S P o r th e we t F GD e x cee d th e e quiv a l e nt o f 2 ppmv. T h e s e c on ce nt r a t i on s h a v e th e pot e nti a l to f

o r m

ae r o s o l s in th e plum e th a t w ill h a v e a n a dv e rs e e ff

ec t on plum e vi s ibil i ty a nd a pp ea r a n ce 6

– w hi c h c ould th e n l ea d to

a dv e rs e h ea lth e f

f ec t s

.

I n th i s ca s e , th e A ppli ca nt’ s p r op o s e d S A M e mi s s ion r a t e o f 0.00435 lb / M M B tu i s e quiv a l e nt to 1.5 p pmv, a nd o u r

p r op o s e d lim i t o f

0.002 5 lb / M M B tu i s e quiv a l e nt t o 0.8 6 ppmv. Giv e n th a t th e Pr oj e c t’ s e mi s s io n s w ill b e we ll b e lo w 2.0 ppmv, we do n ot e xp ec t a n y a dv e rs e vi s ibl e p l um e e f f ec t s o r a dv e rs e a i r qu a lity o r hum a n h ea l t h imp ac t s

a ss o c i a t e d w

it h S A M e m i ss i on s fr o m th i s P r oj ec t. We a l s o n o t e th a t t h e F C P P S C R Pr oj ec t w ill r e s ult i n a r e du c t

ion

o f 19,000 tp y o f NO X e mi ss i on s

. NO X e mi ss i on s a r e a p r ec u rs o r to g r ound l e v e l o z o n e w hi c h ca n m a k e it di f f i c u l t to

b r ea th e ; ca u s e s h o r t n e s s o f b r ea th; in f l a m e a n d d a m age a i r

way s ; a nd agg r a

v a t e a s t h m a

, e mph y s e m a

, a nd c h r on i c

b r on c hit i s

. T hi s r e du c ti o n i n e mi ss i on s s h o uld b e b e n e f i c i a l to a n y

n ea r b y popul a t i on s , in c ludin g

min o r it y o r lo win c om e popul a t

i on s

. B a s e d on th e s e f

ac to r s

, E P A h a s d e t e r min e d th a t th e e m i ss i o n s a ss o c i a t e d w i t h th i s P r oj ec t w

ill

not r e s ult in a dv e rs e h u m a n h ea lth imp ac t s to a n y p o pul a tion, a nd th a t th e r e f o r e o u r ac tion w ould n o t r e s ult in

di s p r opo r tion a t e l y

hi g h a n d a dv e rs e hum a n h ea lth o r e n vi r onm e n t a l e ff

ec t s on d i s p r opo r t

i on a t e l y hi g h a nd a dv e r s e

hum a n h ea lth o r e nvi r onm e nt a l e ff ec t s on m i no r i ty

po p ul a tion s o r lo w

- i n c om e p op ul a tion s

.



### C o n c lu s i on

Ou r a n a l y s i s indi ca t e s th a t t h e e mi ss i on s o f t h e pollut a n t a ss o c i a t e d w i th th i s P r oj ec t a nd r eg

ul a t e d und e r E P A ’ s

p r op o s e d P S D p e r mit f

o r th e Pr oj ec t w

ill n o t r e s ult in a d

v e rs e hum a n h ea lth imp ac t s to a n y popul a t i on, a nd th a t

th e r e w ill not b e di s p r o p o r t

i on a t e l y hi g h a nd a dv e r s e h u m a n h ea lth o r e nvi r o n m e nt a l e ff ec t s w i t h r e s p ec t to thi s a i r pollut a nt o n min o r it y o r lo w

- in c om e p o pul a tio n s r e s idi n g n ea r th e p r op o s e d P r oj ec t o r th e c o m munity a s a w ho l e

. We a l s o not e th a t ou r out r e a c h s t r a t egy w ill m a k e i n f

o r m a tion r e l a t e d to ou r p r o p o s e d ac tion m o r e acce ss ibl e t o

n ea r b y c ommun i ti e s , in c lud i n g pot e nti a ll y

lin g u i s ti ca ll y

i s ol a t e d popul a ti o n s th a t a r e p r im a r il y Din é s p ea kin g

.

A tt a c hm e nt s:

· M a p o f M e di a n H ou s e ho l d I n c om e

· M a p o f P e r ce nt L in g u i s ti ca ll y Is ol a t e d n ea r F C PP

· M a p o f P e r ce nt M in o r it y n e a r F C P P

5 S ee I d en t i f i c a t i o n o f (a n d Res p o nses t o ) P o t en t i al E ff e c t s o f S C R a n d W e t S c r u bb e r s o n S u b m ic ro n P a rt ic u la t e E m i ss i o n s a n d P l ume C h a r ac t e r i st ics

, EP A

- 600 / R04

- 10 7

, Augu s t 2004

, a t 2

. A v ai l a b l e a t : h tt p : // nepi s .e p a. g ov / A d obe / P D F / P1000 O S 8

. p df

6 Id

. a t 59

.

### 7

· M a p o f P e r ce nt o v e r 64 n ea r F C P P

· M a p o f P e r ce nt u nd e r 18 n e a r F C P P

· M a p o f P e r ce nt w

i thout H i g h S c hool Dip l om a

· M a p o f P opul a t

i on D e n s it y n ea r F C P P