Approved Code No. 368 Registry No. 410-10 

NATIONAL RECOVERY ADMINISTRATION 

CODE OF FAIR COMPETITION 

FOR THE 

PRINT ROLLER 

AND PRINT BLOCK 

MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY 

AS APPROVED ON MARCH 26, 1934 

WE DO OUR PARr 

LI'-\J - .. -

-'\ - .... I til 

U.S. DEP081TORY 

UNITED STATES 

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 

WASHINGTON: 1934 

I I r 

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D.C. - - - - - - - - Price li cents 
This publication ls for sale by the Superintendent of Documents, Government 

Printing Office, Washington, D.C., and by district offices of the Bureau of Foreign 

and Domestic ommerce. 

DISTRICT OFFICES OF THE DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE 

Atlanta, Ga.: 504 Post Office Building. 

Birmingham, Ala. : 257 Federal Building. 

Boston, 1\lass. : 1801 Customhouse. 

Buffalo, N.Y.: Chamber of Commerce Building. 

Charleston, S.C.: Chamber of Commerce Building. 

Chicago, Ill.: Suite 1706, 201 North Wells Street. 

CleYelancl, Ohio. : Chamber of Commerce. 

Dallas, Tex. : Chamber of Commerce Building. 

Detroit, Mich.: 801 First National Bank Building. 

Houston, Tex.: Chamber of Commerce Building. 

Indianapolis, Ind. : Chamber of Commerce Building. 

Jacksonville, Fla.: Chamber of Commerce Building. 

Kansas Cit~·, l\lo.: 1028 Baltimore Avenue. 

Los Angeles, Calif.: 1163 South Broadway. 

Louisville, Ky. : 408 Federal Building. 

Memphis, Tenn.: 229 Federal Building. 

Minneapolis, l\1inn.: 213 Federal Building. 

New Orleans, La.: Room 225-A, Customhouse. 

New York, N.Y.: 734 Customhouse. 

Norfolk, Va.: 406 East Plume Street. 

Philadelphia, Pa. : 422 Commercial Trust Building. 

Pittsburgh, Pa.: Chamber of Commerce Building. 

Portland, Oreg.: 215 New Post Office Building. 

St. Louis, l\Io. : 506 Olive Street. 

San Francisco, Calif. : 310 Customhou e. 

Seattle, Wa. ·b.: 809 Federal Office Building. 
Approved Code No. 368 

CODE OF FAIR COMPETITION 

FOR THE 

PRINT ROLLER AND PRINT BLOCK 

MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY 

As Approved on March 26, 1934 

ORDER 

APPROVING CoDE OF FAIR CoMPETITION FOR THE PRINT RoLLER AND 

PRINT BLOCK MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY 

An application having been duly made pursuant to and in full 

compliance with the provisions of Title I of the National Industrial 

Recovery Act, approved June 16, 1933, for approval of a Code of 

Fair Competition for the Print Roller and Print Block Manufacturing Industry, and hearings having been duly held thereon and the 

annexed report on said Code, containing findings with respect thereto, having been made and directed to the President: 

NOW, THEREFORE, on behalf of the President of the United 

States, I, Hugh S. Johnson, Administrator for Industrial Recovery, 

pursuant to authority vested in me by Executive Orders of the President, including Executive Order No. 6543-A, dated December 30 

1933, and otherwise; do hereby incorporate by reference said annexed 

report and do find that said Code complies in all respects with the 

pertinent provisions and will promote the policy and purposes of said 

Title of said Act; and do hereby order that said Code of Fair Competition be and it is hereby approved. 

HuGHS. JoHNSoN, 

Administrator for Industrial Recovery. 

Approval recommended: 

A. R. GLANCY, 

Division Ad1ninistrator. 

wASHINGTON, D.C., 

_7J! arch ~6, 1934. 

49062°--.--425-155----84 (541) 
REPORT TO THE PRESIDENT 

The PRE IDENT 

The White House. 

SIR: Thi i a report on the Code of Fair Competition for the 

Print Roller and Print Block Manufacturing Indu try, a revised 

after a Public Hearing held in "\Va hington on the twenty-fifth day 

of January, 1934, in accordance "ith the pro\isions of the National 

Industrial Recovery Act. 

l'HOYISIOX A TO HOCR AND WAGES 

Employment i bmited to 7 hour per day and 35 hour per week 

with the exception of emergencie. occa ioned by the nece sity for 

s:.> rvice · of . pecially killed employee who cannot be replaced. 

During uch emergencie employee may work 40 hours per week for 

4 week. in any 6 months' period. ~ 

A minimum \Yage of 75 cent per hour is established except that 

clerical employee~· , janitor , watchm.en and heating firemen will be 

paid at a rate not le than $20.00 per week. 

Female and male employee p€rforming substantially the ame 

\YOrk "·ill receive the same rate of pay. 

ECONOl.\IIC EFFE T OF THE CODE 

A a re 'Ult of the Pre ident Re-employment Agreement and the 

p1·oyi ion · of the Code this Indu try, comprising about 14 companies, 

will show a gain in em1 lo~-ment from about 130 to about 175 

employees or an increa. e of 34%. 

Although a mall indu try it is important to the wall paper and 

hnoleum manufacturing indu tries " ·hich purchase print roller and 

print blocks. becam--e (,f the high <le£:ree of skill required in producing these product . The inYestecl capital is about $2:10.000.00 and the five-year aYerage 

annual Yalue of prodnct. is approximately $530.000.00. 

FlXDIXG 

The Deputy A lministrator in hi final report to me on . aid Code 

haYing found as herein et forth and on the ba i of all the proceeding , in this rna tter : 

I find that: 

(a) Said Code i well de igned to promote the policie and purposes of Title I of the National Industrial Recovery Act, including 

removal of obstructions to the free flow of inter tate and foreig11 

commerce which tend to diminish the amount thereof and will provide for the general welfare by promoting the organization of in-

(542) 
543 

dustry for the purpose of cooperative action among the trade groups, 

by inducing and maintaining united action of labor and management under adequate .governmental sanctions and supervision, by 

eliminating unfair competitive practices, by promoting the fullest 

possible utilization of the present productive capacity of industries, 

by avoiding undue restriction of production (except as may be temporarily required), by increasing the consumption of industrial and 

agricultural products through increasing purchasing power, by reducing and relieving unemployment, by improving standards of 

labor and by otherwise rehabilitating industry. 

(b) Said Industry normally employs not more than 50,000 employees, and is not classified by me as a major industry. 

(c) The Code as approved com plies in all respects with the pertinent provisions of said Title of said Act, including without 11mitation Subsection (a) -of Section 3, Subsection (a) of Section 7, and 

Subsection (b) of Section 10 thereof; and that the applicant association is an industrial association truly representative of the aforesaid 

Industry; and that said a sociation imposes no inequitable restrictions on admission to membership therein. 

(d) The Code is not designed to and will not permit monopolies 

or monopolistic practices. 

(e) The Code is not designed to and will not eliminate or oppress 

small enterprises and will not operate to discriminate against them. 

(f) Those engaged in other steps of the economic process have 

not been deprived of the right to be heard prior to approval of said 

Code. 

For these reasons, this Code has been approved by me. 

Respectfully, 

HuGH S. JoHNSON, Administrator. 

MARCH 26, 1934. 
CODE OF FAIR CO~IPETITIOS FOR THE PRINT ROLLER 

AND PRINT BLOCK 11A~"LF ACTURING INDl;STRY 

ARTICLE I-PuRPO ES 

To effectuate the policie · of Title I of the National Industrial 

Recovery Act, the following provisions are established as a Cod·e of 

Fair Competition for the Print Roller and Print Block ~1anufac

turing Indu try and hall be the tandard of fair competition for 

such Indu!"try and hall be binding upon every member thereof. 

ARTICLE II-DEFI:XITIONS 

The term ' Print Roller and Print Block Manufacturing Industry", or the "Inclu try", as used herein, includes; the manufacture 

for ale and ·elling of (a) rollers consisting of a wooden cylinder 

and having mounted thereon raised d-esigns cut from sheet or strip 

bras and felt and which rollers are used in printing wall paper, 

crepe paper, and linoleum; and (b) wooden printing blocks,. having 

mounted thereon rai. eel designs cut from brass and felt, which are 

used in printinjr linoleum and oil cloth. 

The term "Employee", as used herein, includes any person engaged in thi: Industry in any capacity, receiving compensation for 

his services, irrespective of the nature or method of payment of such 

compensation. 

The term "Employer" as used herein, includes anyone by whom 

such an employee is compensated or employed. 

The term "A sociation ", as u eel herein, mean Print Cutting 

Jobbers Association, a trade organization. 

The term "1fember of the Indu try", as used herein, includes 

anyone engaged in the Industry as above defined, either a an 

employer or on his own behalf. 

The term "Apprentice", as u eel herein, includes anyone regularly indentured for a sufficient length of time to sy tematically 

learn the various operation in any one of the trades or occupations 

in the Industry. 

The terms "Pre ident" ~'Act ', and "Administrator", as used 

herein, shall mean respectively, the President of the United States 

of America, Title I of the National Industrial Recovery Act, and 

the Admini trator for Industrial RPcovery under said Act. 

ARTICLE III-HoURs 

SECTION 1. No employee ·hall be permitted to work in exces of 

thirty-five (35) hours in any one (1) week or seven (7) hours in any 

twenty-four (24) hour period or five (5) days in any seven (7) days 

or except between the hours of 8 A.l\f. to 5 P .l\1. except as hereinafter 

provided. 

(544) 
545 

(a) To cover an emergency production demand on any division 

of the Industry and providing that no unemployed workers possessing the necessary skill to perform this work are available, any 

employee in any such division may be permitted to work not more 

than forty ( 40) hours per week in any four ( 4) weeks in any six 

(6) months period; provided, however, that at least one and one-half 

(1%) times the employee's regular rate shall be paid for all hours 

worked in excess of seven (7) hours per day or thirty-five (35} 

hours per week. 

(b) The limitations as to hours of labor shall not apply to persons in a managerial or executive capacity who receive thirty-five 

($35.00) dollars or more per week. 

(c) Watchmen shall be allowed to work not more than fifty-six 

(56) hours per week performed in not more than six ( 6) days in 

any seven (7) day period. 

(d) No employer shall engage any employee for any time which, 

when totaled with that already performed for another employer, or 

employers, exceeds the maximum permitted herein. 

(e) Any employer who does the work of an employee shall be 

subject to this Code as to hours of labor. 

ARTICLE IV-WAGES 

SECTION 1. The minimum hourly wage that shall be paid any 

employee shall not be less than at the rate of seventy-five (75¢) 

cents per hour, except as hereinafter provided. 

(a) Apprentices, who shall be limited in number to not more than 

five ( 5%) percent of the total number of skilled employees in the 

factory, may be paid, as a starting rate not less than eighty (80% ) 

percent of the above minimum rate. 

(b) Clerical or office employees may be employed at a rate of not 

less than twenty ($20.00) dollars per week. 

(c) Janitors, watchmen and firemen maintaining fires for heating buildings shall be paid at the rate of not less than twenty ($20.00) 

dollars per week. 

(d) Office boys or girls or messengers shall be paid not less than 

at the rate of eighty ( 80%) percent of the minimum wage provided 

in paragraph (c) of this section; provided that the number of such 

office boys and girls or messengers thus paid shall be limited to five 

( 5%) percent of the total number of office employees, with a minimum of two (2) such employees for each Member of the Industry. 

(e) The rates of compensation on whatever basis computed, of all 

employees receiving more than the minimum herein prescribed, shall 

be equitably adjusted by all employers who have not heretofore made 

such adjustment; provided, however, that in no case shall hourly 

or piece rates be reduced as a result of such readjustment and in no 

case shall the weekly earnings be reduced. The action taken whether 

prior to or after the date of approval of this Code, shall be reported 

by each Member of the Industry to the Code Authority and to the 

Administrator on his request. 

(f) Female employees performing substantially the same work as 

n1ale employees shall receive the same rate of pay as male employees. 

(g) A person whose earning capacity is limited because of age, 

physical or mental handicap, or other infirmity, may be employed 
546 

on light work at a wage below the minimum established by this 

Code, if the employer obtains from the state authority designated 

by the United States Department of Labor, a certificate authorizing 

such person's employment at such wages and for such hours as shall 

be stated in the certificate. Such authority shall be guided by the 

instructions of the United States Department of Labor in issuing 

certificate to such person . Each employer shall file monthly with 

the Code Authority a li t of all uch per on employed by him, showing the wage · paid to and the maximum hours of work for such 

employee . (h) This Article e tablishes a guaranteed rate of pay per hour 

of employment regardless of whether the employees ·om pen ation 

is based on a time rate, piece work performance or otherwise. 

ARTICLE ' -GEXERAL L ABOR PROYISIOKS 

SEcTION 1. No per .... on under sixteen (16) yel:!rs of age shall be employed in the Industry, nor anyone under eighteen (18) years of age 

at operations or occupations hazardous in nature or dangerous to 

health. The Code Authority shall submit to the Admini. trator 

within sixty (60) day after the effective date of the Code, a nst of 

such hazardous or dangerous occupations. In any State an emplo) er 

hall be deemed to have complied with this provision if he shall have 

on file a certificate or permit duly is ued by the Authority in such 

State empowered to issue employment or age certificates or permitB 

howing that employee is of the required age. 

SECTIOX 2. As required by Section 7 (a) of the Act, it is hereby 

provided: 

(a) Employees hall have the right to organize and bargain collectively through representatives of their O\ln choosing and shall be 

free from the interference, restraint or coercion of employers of 

labor, or their agents, in the designation of such representatives or 

in . ·elf-organization or in other concerted activities for the purpose 

of collective bargaining or other mutual aid or protection. 

(b) No employee and no one ~eeking employment hall be required 

as a condition of employment to join any company union or to refrain from joining organizing, or a i ting a labor organization of 

hi. own choo ing. 

(c) Employer hall comply with the maxinnun hours of labor 

minimum rate of pay and other condition of employment approvecl 

or pre cribed by the President. 

SECTION 3. No employer shall reel as ify employees or dutie of 

occupations performed, or engage in any other ·ubterfuge for the 

purpose of defeating the provisions of the Act or of this Co<le. 

SECTION 4. Every employer shall provide for the afety and health 

of his employees at the place and during the hour of their ~mplo -

ment. Standards of afety and health shall be ubmitted by the 

Code Authority to the Administrator within ix (6) months after 

the effective elate of this Code. 

SECTION 5. No provisions in this Code hall supersede any State 

or Federal law which imposes more tringent requirements on emplo~re rs a to age of employees, wages, hour. of work, or as to safety, 

health or sanitary conditions or in urance, or fire protecti- n, or 

general working conditions, than are imposed by this Code. 
547 

SECTIOX 6. Each employer shall po t, and thereafter mainbin, in 

conspicuous places acce sible to all employees full copies of the provisions pertaining to wages. hours and general provisions of labor 

of this Code and any amendments or modifications which may later 

be approved. 

SECTION 7. Every emplo~'er shall make payment of all wages due 

in lawful currency or by negotiable check therefor payable on demand. No deduction from wages shall be made by any employer 

for any payments for pensions: insurance, or sick benefits~ other than 

those voluntarily paid by the wage earner or required by State laws. 

Wages shall be paid at least at the end of eYery semi-monthly period, 

and salaries at least at the end of every month. No employer shall 

withhold -wages. 

ARTICLE VI-ADl\HNISTRATION 

To further effectuate the policies of the Act, a Code Authority is 

hereby constituted to cooperate with the Administrator in the administration of this Code. 

SEcTION 1. Organization and Constitution of Code Au.thority.- ( a) The Code Authority shall consist of three (3) Members of the 

Association elected by the Membors of the Association and one (1) 

representative of J\1:embers of the Industry who are not members of 

the Association, providing they desire such representation, and signify their willingness to pay their pro rata share of the cost of 

administering this Code. The representative of the non-members 

of the Association shall be elected by a majority vote of the nonmembers participating in such election. A meeting shall be duly 

called for this purpose and votes may be cast in person, by proxy 

or letter ballot. The Administrator, in his discretion, may appoint 

not more than three (3) additional members (without vote) to represent the Administrator or such groups or interests as he may 

designate. 

SECTION 2. Each trade or industrial association djrectly or indirectly participating in the selection or activities of the Code Authority shall: (1) impose no inequitable restrictions on membership, and 

(2) submit to the Administrator true copies of its articles of association, by-laws, regulations, and any amendments when made thereto, 

together with such other information as to membership, organization, 

and activities as the Administrator may deem necessary to effectuate 

the purposes of the Act. 

SECTION 3. In order that the Code Authority shall at all times be 

truly representative of the Industry and in other respects comply 

with the provisions of the Act, the Administrator may provide such 

hearings as he may deem proper; and thereafter if he shall find that 

the Code Authority is not truly representative or does not in other 

respects comply with the provisions of the Act, may require an appropriate modification in the method of selection of the Code Authority. 

SECTION 4. The Code Authority shall have the following duties 

and powers to the extent permitted by the Act. 

(a) To adopt by-laws and rules and regulations for its procedure 

and for the Administration of this Code, ~ubject to the right of any 

affected person to appeal to the Administrator. 

(b) To obtain from Members of the Industry such information 

and reports (sworn or unsworn as the Code Authority may specify) 
548 

as are required for the administration of this Code. No individual 

information, statistics, or reports shall be disclosed to any other 

Member of the Industry or any other party except to such governmental agencies as may be directed by the Administrator. 

(c) To represent the Industry in conferring with the President 

or his agents with respect to the Administration of this Code and 

in respect of the Act and any regulations issued thereunder. 

(d) To hear and investigate complaints and attempt to adjust 

the same in accordance with such rules and regulations as may be 

promulgated from time to time by the Administrator. 

(e) To coordinate the administration of this Code with such codes, 

if any, as may be adopted by any sub-division of this Industry or any 

related industry, with a view to providing joint and harmonious 

action on all matters of common interest, all with the approval of 

the Administrator. 

(f) To secure from members of the Industry an equitable and 

proporionate payment of the reasonable expenses of maintaining 

the Code Authority and its activities. 

(g) To cooperate with the Administrator in regulating the use 

of any National Recovery Administration insignia solely by those 

members of the Industry who have assented to, and are complying 

with this Code. 

(h) To study the effect of the various provisions of this Code 

upon the Industry and consider proposals for amendments and modifications thereto, and make recommendations thereon from time to 

time to the Administrator, ''hich amendments or modifications, will 

become effective as part of this Code upon approval of the Administrator after such hearing and notice as he may specify. 

SECTION 5. Nothing contained in this Code shall constitute the 

Members of the Code Authority partners for any purpose. Nor 

shall this Code be construed to render any Member of the Code 

Authority liable in any manner to anyone for any act of any other 

member, officer, agent, or employee of the Code Authority. Nor 

shall this Code be construed to render any Member of the Code 

Authority, exercising reasonable diligence in the conduct of his 

duties hereunder, liable to any one for any action or omission to act 

under the Code, except for his own wilful misfeasance or nonfeasance. 

SEcTION 6. Any notice, demand, or request required or permitted 

to be given to or to be made upon any Member of the Industry 

shall be sufficiently given if mailed by registe:J;ed mail, postage 

prepaid, addressed to such Member of the Industry, at his address 

on file with the Secretary of the Code Authority. 

SECTION 7. Members of the Industry shall be entitled to participate 

in and share the benefits of the activities of the Code Authority and 

to participate in the selection of the members thereof by assenting 

to and complying with the requirements of this Code and sustaining 

their reasonable share of the expense of its administration. The 

reasonable share of the expenses of its administration shall be determined by the Code Authority, subject to review by the Administrator, on the basis of volume of businec;:s and/ or such other factors 

as may be deemed equitable to be taken into consideration. 
549 

SEcTION 8. In addition to the information required to be submitted 

to the Code Authority. there shall be furnished to goYernment agencie such statistical information a the Administrator may deem necessary for the purposes recited in Section 3 (a) of the National Industrial Recovery Act, and nothing contained herein shall relieve 

any o~e of any existing obligation to furni h reports to goYernment 

agencies. . 

SEcTioN 9. The Code Authority shall cause to be formulated an 

accounting system and methods of cost finding and/ or estimating 

capable of use by all Members of the Industry. After such systen1 

and methods have been formulated and approyecl by the Administrator, full details concerning them shall be made available to all 

Members of the Industry. Thereafter all 1\1embers shall determine 

and/ or estimate costs in accordance with the principle of such 

methods. 

SEcTION 10. If the Administrator shall determine that any adion 

of a Code Authority or any agency thereof may be unfair or unjust 

or contrary to the public interest, the Admini trator may require that 

such action be suspended to afford an opportunity for investigation 

of the merits of such action and further consideration by such Code 

Authority or agency pending final action which shall not be effective unless the Administrator approves or unless he shall fail to 

disapprove after thirty days' notice to him of intention to proceed 

with such action in its original or modified form. 

ARTICLE VII-TRADE PRACTICES 

The following practices constitute unfair method of competition 

for Members of the Indu try, and are hereby prohibited: 

(a) Defarnation.-The defamation of competitors by falsely imputing to them di honorable conduct, inability to perform contracts, 

questionable credit standing, or by other false representations or by 

the false disparagement of the grade or quality of their goods. 

(b) 001n11urcial B r·ibery.-The giving, permitting to be giYen, or 

directly offering to give, anything of value for the purpose of influencing or r ewarding the action of any employee, agent, or representative of another in relation to the business of the employer of 

such employee, the principal of such agent or the represented party, 

without the knowledge of such employer, principal, or party. This 

commercial bribery provision shall not be construed to prohibit free 

and general distribution of articles commonly used for advertising 

except so far as such articles are actually used for commercial bribery as hereinbefore defined. 

(c) Secret R ebates.-Secretly offering or making any payment 

or al1owance of a rebate, refund, commission, credit, unearned discount or excess allowance, whether in the form of money or otherwise, for the purpose of influencing a sale, or the extension to any 

customer of any special service or privelege not extended to all 

customers of the same class. 

(d) Espionage of Oornpetitors.-Securing confidential information concerning the business of a competitor by a false or misleading 
550 

statement or representation; by a false impersonation of one in 

authority; by bribery or by any other unfair method. 

(e) The dating of any invoice either earlier or later than the 

actual date of del1Yery or withholding from or inserting in any invoice any items which otherwise make it a false record of a 

transaction. 

(f) The subcontracting of any work, in whole or in part, to any 

emproyee, upon terms or conditions which directly or indirectly 

may result in the payment to such employee of less than the minimum hourly rates of pay prevailing for such class of work; and 

every employe.e so employed shall be informed in advance of the 

minimum hourly rates to which he is entitled. 

(g) The selling of products below the cost thereof except to meet 

the selling price of any low cost producer or importer, whose prices 

do not violate the Code; costs in aN cases shall be determined in 

ac@ordance with a system of accounting as referred to in Section 9 

of Article VI. 

ARTicLE VIII-HoME 'v oRK 

After May 1, 1934, no employer shall have work done in the home 

of a worker. 

Within one month after the effective date of this Code, every 

employer shall register with the Code Authority the name and address of each person who performs homework for said en1ployer, 

directly or indirectly, and no work shall be given by any employer 

to such person unless said person's name is registered with the 

Code Authority. 

ARTICLE IX-MODIFICATION 

(a) This Code and all the provisions thereof are expressly made 

subject to the right of the President, in accordance with the provisions of subsection (b) of Section 10 of the Act, from time to 

time to can.cel or modify any order, approval, license, rule, or regulation issued under Title I of said Act and specifically, but without 

limitation, to the right of the President to cancel or modify his 

approval of this Code or any conditions imposed by him upon his 

approval thereof. 

(b) This Code, except as to provisions required by the Act, may 

be modified on the basis of experience or changes in circumstances, 

such modifications to be based upon application to the Administrator 

and such notice and hearing as he shall specify, and to become effective on approval of the Administrator. 

ARTICLE X-PRICE INCREASE 

Whereas the policy of the Act to increase real purchasing power 

will be made more difficult of consummation if prices of goods and 

services increase as rapidly as wages, it is recognized that price increases except as may be required to meet the individual cost should 

be delayed, but when made such increases should, so far as po sible, 

be limited to actual additional increases in the seller's costs. 
551 

ARTICLE XI-:M:oN FOLIEs 

No provision of thi Code shall be so applied a to permit m.onopolies or monopolistic practice or to eliminate, oppress, or discriminate against mall enterprises. 

ARTICLE XII-EFFECTIVE DATE 

Thi Code shall become effective on the second Monday after its 

approval by the President. 

A.pproYed Code No. 368. 

Regi try No. 410-10. 

0 


UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 

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