Mine Inventory and Compilation of 

Mine-Adit Chemistry Data

By Stanley E. Church, M. Alisa Mast, E. Paul Martin, and Carl L. Rich

Chapter E5 of

Integrated Investigations of Environmental Effects of Historical 

Mining in the Animas River Watershed, San Juan County, Colorado

Edited by Stanley E. Church, Paul von Guerard, and Susan E. Finger

Professional Paper 1651

U.S. Department of the Interior

U.S. Geological Survey
Contents

Abstract .......................................................................................................................................................259

Introduction.................................................................................................................................................259

Purpose and Scope ..........................................................................................................................261

Acknowledgments ............................................................................................................................261

Methodology ...............................................................................................................................................261

Data .............................................................................................................................................................263

Adit Flow and Chemistry ...........................................................................................................................267

Summary......................................................................................................................................................279

References Cited........................................................................................................................................279

Figures

 1. Map showing locations of 5,397 mine shafts, adits, tunnels, and prospects 

in Animas River watershed study area .................................................................................260

 2. Map showing approximate mining district boundaries and mine locations 

in Animas River watershed study area and vicinity ............................................................262

 3. Map of Eureka area showing mine locations ......................................................................264

 4. Map of south Silverton area showing mine locations ........................................................265

 5. Map showing locations of mills, large mill-tailings deposits, and smelters ...................266

 6. Graph of concentrations of dissolved sulfate, calcium, copper, and zinc 

versus pH of mine-adit water .................................................................................................268

 7. Time-series graph of adit discharge for seven mines studied for a 1–3 year period ........269

 8. Time-series graph of field pH for seven mines studied for a 1–3 year period ................269

 9–15. Graphs of concentrations of major and trace elements in adit discharge from:

 9. Eveline mine .......................................................................................................................270

 10. Bonner mine .......................................................................................................................271

 11. Avalanche mine .................................................................................................................272

 12. Forest Queen mine ............................................................................................................273

 13. Bandora mine .....................................................................................................................274

 14. Elk tunnel .............................................................................................................................275

 15. Mighty Monarch mine ......................................................................................................276

 16. Graph of loads of sulfate, calcium, copper, zinc from the time-series adit discharge 

data from seven mine sites .......................................................................................................278
Tables

 1. Mines, mills, large mill-tailings deposits, and smelter sites listed by 

AML_MINE_ID number ...........................................................................................................282

 2. Mine sites listed alphabetically ..............................................................................................290

 3. Mills, large mill-tailings deposits, and smelter sites ...........................................................296

 4. Physical parameters that may contribute to the environmental effect 

of historical mines ....................................................................................................................298

 5. Adit chemistry determined at low flow for selected sites sampled by 

State of Colorado ......................................................................................................................302

 6. Adit chemistry at low flow for selected sites sampled by U.S. Geological Survey ..........304

 7. Time-series data from adit flow from seven mine sites .....................................................308

Abstract

An inventory of inactive mines and mine-related sites 

in the Animas River watershed study area was compiled 

from published and unpublished State and Federal sources. 

Site locations were spatially verified using digital orthophoto 

quadrangles to ensure an accurate, geographically referenced 

inventory. The inventory provides, where available, descriptive 

information for mine-related sites, the estimated volume of 

mine-waste piles and mill-tailings deposits, and the discharge 

and pH of mine adits with flowing water. Water-quality and 

discharge data for 232 samples collected at 110 mine sites 

during low-flow conditions in 1995–99 have been compiled. 

In addition, time-series data are presented for water quality at 

seven adits sampled over the annual hydrologic cycle. These 

data provide site-specific information about potential sources 

of deposit-related acidity and trace elements that can be used 

to support an environmental evaluation of the effect of historical mining in the study area.

Analysis of the spatial variation in water-quality data 

from mine adits at low flow shows considerable variability. 

Mine-adit water chemistry is controlled by the degree of 

hydrothermal alteration in the surrounding bedrock and the 

type and extent of base-metal sulfides in the mine workings. 

Time-series data collected from seven draining adits show that 

increases in discharge generally are not associated with spring 

runoff and that concentrations of many metals remain very 

nearly constant or show a slight increase during this seasonal 

event. Increases in discharge from a few mines during spring 

runoff may be controlled by surface water that infiltrates into 

the mine, forcing mine-pool water out at the adit. Mine-adit 

flow may represent a long-term source of metals that affect 

surface water quality.

Introduction

This chapter describes the mine inventory compiled 

for the Animas River watershed study area. One of the most 

important facets of a complete characterization of watersheds 

affected by historical mines is to determine the location of, as 

well as gather and report information about, the mines, mills, 

and other mine-related sites. Within the Animas River watershed, data on mine and mine-related sites were available from 

several previous investigations. However, these data had not 

previously been compiled into one database, and many of the 

sites identified in these investigations had only approximate 

locations.

Every mine, mill, or smelter site in a watershed 

represents a potential source of deposit-related acidity and 

trace metals that could affect water quality and ecosystem 

health through direct drainage, seepage, erosion, or runoff. 

Although more than 5,300 mining-related features have 

been mapped in the study area (fig. 1), the vast majority 

of these sites were small prospect pits, many of which were 

located along the large and extensively exposed quartz veins 

described in the area by Purington (1905). (See the account 

of the discovery of the Sunnyside mine in Bird, 1999.) 

Other prospects were located on iron-rich springs, or in 

areas covered with oxidized iron deposits where there might 

have been other interesting features potentially indicative of 

sulfide mineralization at depth (Verplanck and others, this volume, Chapter E15; Yager and Bove, this volume, Chapter E1, 

pl. 2).

Four mining districts lie within the Animas River 

watershed study area. Raymond (1877, p. 324) reported 

that the San Juan area was initially divided into two mining 

districts:

The Animas district includes all locations made on 

the Animas River and its tributaries to a point two 

miles above Howardsville.

The Eureka district joins the Animas at this point 

and extends to the divide between the waters of 

the Animas and those of the Gunnison and the 

Uncompahgre.

The Red Mountain district originally was defined by the basin 

of Red Mountain Creek north of Red Mountain Pass in Ouray 

County, but Schwarz (1888) suggested that it be expanded 

Chapter E5

Mine Inventory and Compilation of Mine-Adit 

Chemistry Data

By Stanley E. Church, M. Alisa Mast, E. Paul Martin, and Carl L. Rich
Watershed study area

 boundary

EXPLANATION

107°48' 107°32'

37°

52'

30"

37°

45'

107°40'

Mine shaft, adit, tunnel, 

 prospect

Animas River

watershed 

study area

C O L O R A D O

Durango

Silverton

Animas River

An mi as

River

Mineral Creek

Ce ment Creek

0

0

5 MILES

8 KILOMETERS

1 3

2 4 6

Figure 1. Locations of 5,397 mine shafts, adits, tunnels, and prospects from U.S. Geological Survey 1:24,000 scale topographic maps 

(Handies Peak, 1955; Howardsville, 1955; Ironton, 1955; Ophir, 1955; Silverton, 1955) and 373 AMLI_MINE_ID locations in Animas River 

watershed study area.

260 Environmental Effects of Historical Mining, Animas River Watershed, Colorado
Mine Inventory and Mine-Adit Chemistry Data 261

southward to include ores in chimney deposits associated 

with Red Mountain. Ransome (1901, p. 104) described the 

Red Mountain district as follows:

***bounded on the northeast by Grey Copper 

Creek, on the northwest by Red Creek, on the west 

and south by Mineral Creek, and on the east, with 

one or two exceptions near Red Mountain, by the 

ridge crest extending from Anvil Mountain northward to Red Mountain and thence northeast to the 

saddle at the head of Grey Copper Gulch.***

The Ice Lakes district in the headwaters of South Fork 

Mineral Creek was mentioned by Hodges (1899) in the report 

of precious-metal production by the U.S. Bureau of the Mint. 

Boundaries are not defined in the literature we examined, but 

the district includes the mines and mills in the headwaters of 

South Fork Mineral Creek. Approximate boundaries of the 

four mining districts are in figure 2.

Varnes (1963) described the mines and ores from the area 

of the Animas district south and east of Silverton, which he 

referred to as the “south Silverton mining area.” Ores from this 

area are hosted in Paleozoic and Precambrian rocks and have 

different water chemistry than those from within the Silverton 

caldera (Bove and others, this volume, Chapter E3).

Purpose and Scope

This inventory focused on creation of a database of 

mine-related sites that have the potential for significant 

environmental effect to streams. The Animas River watershed 

study area contains numerous prospects and inactive mines. 

Although the potential exists for any one of these sites to 

adversely affect the environment, only a small fraction of them 

were considered likely to cause significant effects. Mine sites 

with draining adits, large workings, large mills, mine-waste 

dumps or rail loading zones were the primary focus of the 

mine inventory. Thus, prospects and smaller mine sites in 

the Animas River watershed study area were not inventoried 

in this study, and our survey is thereby not an exhaustive 

one (fig. 2). The primary objectives for this mine inventory 

were

• To create a modern digital database with accurate 

location data of mine and mill sites, large mill-tailings 

deposits, and smelter sites that have significant potential to cause environmental effects in streams

• To provide information, such as the size of mine-waste 

piles and mill-tailings deposits, ground- and surfacewater quality, and numbers of mine features, that 

may be needed to assess site remediation and stream 

restoration activities

• To tabulate water-quality data collected over the 

1995–99 period of study and provide a temporal 

and geologic framework for interpreting these data.

The mine inventory for the Animas River watershed study area was compiled from a variety of published 

references and maps of the districts. The inventory combines 

geographically referenced locations and descriptive information in a format that lays the foundation for answering environmental and remediation questions. The inventory includes 

inactive mines and mine-related sites in the upper Animas 

River basin, Cement Creek and Mineral Creek basins, and 

South Fork Mineral Creek subbasin in the vicinity of Silverton, 

Colo. (von Guerard and others, this volume, Chapter B, fig. 2).

Acknowledgments

We thank the following local residents, all familiar 

with historical mining in the watershed, for their assistance in locating and verifying mine sites: Steve Fearn, 

Larry Perino, William Simon, and especially Bill Jones, who 

provided extensive reviews of our mine location maps. We 

thank Jerry Hassemer for compiling unpublished data (table 5) 

from the Animas River Stakeholders Group, the Colorado 

Geological Survey, and the Colorado Division of Mines and 

Geology.

Methodology

The process used to compile the mine inventory included 

the following steps. First, data from previous investigations 

were assembled. We reduced the number of sites to be included 

in the inventory considerably by eliminating sites that likely 

had no environmental effect. Factors for inclusion or exclusion in the mine-site inventory focused on a site’s contribution 

to environmental degradation, the physical hazard risk, and 

past production. Sites excluded from the inventory included 

numerous small prospects, sites located some distance from 

watercourses, and sites for which evidence of any environmental effect was lacking. For the remaining sites, representative 

locations were determined and features considered important 

relative to environmental effects were tabulated from existing sources. Published data, primarily from Ransome (1901), 

Henderson (1926), Burbank (1933), Varnes (1963), and 

Burbank and Luedke (1969), and unpublished data as well as 

our field investigations suggest that the inventory presented in 

this chapter is comprehensive in terms of identifying the larger 

and more environmentally significant historical mines and 

mine-related sites.

Determination of the representative location for a 

mine-related site involved review of public records and data 

obtained from the State of Colorado, United States Department 

of Agriculture (USDA) Forest Service, U.S. Bureau of Land 

Management (BLM), and U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) 

databases and published studies cited in the references. These 

location data then were combined into a single digital layer, 
Red Mountain

district

Red Mountain

district

Eureka

district

Animas

district Howardsville

Gladstone

Chattanooga Eureka

Animas

Forks

Silverton

71

69 70

72 74

73

77

76

75

79

80

78

134

143 132 135

133

131 137

140

139

141

142

136

174

172

171

170

169

168 173 175

176

178

177

204

254

206 207

208

209

256

253

255

210

330

331

333

332

326

327 329

252 251

200

199 196

203 202

201 195

197

198

190

107°48' 107°32'

37°

52'

30"

37°

45'

107°40'

Animas River

watershed 

study area

C O L O R A D O

Durango

0

0

1

2

3

4

5 MILES

6 8 KILOMETERS

Animas

River

Figure 3

Figure 4

An mi as

River

Mine

Watershed study area

 boundary

Outlines of areas shown in

 figures 3 and 4 

Mining district boundary

 —Dashed where 

 approximately located

EXPLANATION

South

Fork Mineral Creek

Mineral Creek

Cement Creek

Figure 2. Approximate mining district boundaries and mine locations in Animas River watershed study area and vicinity; mine names 

are listed in tables 1 and 2. Extensions of boundaries of Red Mountain district to north into Ouray County, as described by Ransome 

(1901), are indicated by dashed lines.

262 Environmental Effects of Historical Mining, Animas River Watershed, Colorado
Mine Inventory and Mine-Adit Chemistry Data 263

and each site location was resolved to one representative point 

based on 1998 digital orthophoto quadrangles (DOQ). In some 

cases, the site location had to be determined strictly from a 

written description. Using DOQ image plots containing the 

resolved mine locations, USGS personnel and local residents 

familiar with the mines of the study area verified and revised 

the locations of the mine-related sites based on site visits, survey plats, and local knowledge of the area. Unpublished field 

inventories were used extensively to develop the final location 

data, as follows:

• U.S. Bureau of Mines (Barbara Hite, Unpublished 

mine land inventory report for the U.S. Bureau of 

Land Management, 1995)

• Colorado Geological Survey (Jonathan Lovekin, 

Michael Satre, William Sheriff, and Matthew Sares, 

Unpublished abandoned mine land inventory report 

for San Juan Forest, Columbine Ranger District, 

Colorado Geological Survey, 1997)

• Colorado Division of Minerals and Geology 

(Jim Herron, Bruce Stover, Paul Krabacher, and 

Dave Bucknam, Unpublished Mineral Creek feasibility investigations report, Upper Animas River 

Basin, Colorado Division of Minerals and Geology, 

1997; Jim Herron, Bruce Stover, and Paul Krabacher, 

Unpublished Cement Creek reclamation feasibility report, Upper Animas River Basin, Colorado 

Division of Minerals and Geology, 1998; Jim Herron, 

Bruce Stover, and Paul Krabacher, Unpublished 

Upper Animas River reclamation feasibility report, 

Upper Animas River Basin, Colorado Division 

of Minerals and Geology, 1999; Jim Herron, 

Bruce Stover, and Paul Krabacher, Unpublished 

Lower Animas River reclamation feasibility report, 

Upper Animas River Basin, Colorado Division of 

Minerals and Geology, 2000)

• Local citizens who collectively make up the 

Animas River Stakeholders Group, ARSG 

(Peter Butler, Robert Owen, and William Simon, 

Unpublished report to Colorado Water Quality 

Control Commission, Animas River Stakeholders 

Group, 2001).

Data

The mine inventory for the Animas River watershed 

study area contains locations, site characteristics and features, and water-quality data for inactive mines and minerelated sites in a single data layer in the project database. 

(See Sole and others, this volume, Chapter G, for a complete 

explanation of how to access the mine inventory and project 

database.) Each of the 373 sites in the mine inventory has 

been assigned a site number called the AMLI_MINE_ID. 

This site number is a unique identifier and allows each 

site to be associated with scientific data and selected field 

sampling sites contained in the study database. Some historical mine sites contain extensive underground workings 

or have multiple shafts and adits within a small area. In 

some cases, these sites are represented in the mine inventory by a single site number. In other cases, particularly at 

complex sites where mines were consolidated or have been 

referred to by different names in the published literature, 

different mine levels were assigned different site names 

and numbers.

Table 1 lists the 373 mines, mills, large mill-tailings 

deposits, and smelter sites included in the inventory, and 

provides the geographic coordinates for each site. The location status field provides a relative measure of how accurately 

the site has been located. The decision to encode the location status field in table 1 with “verified” or “approximate” 

was determined by our comparison of the source description 

and field diagrams with the DOQ and locations symbolized 

on existing maps. A verified value means that USDA Forest 

Service, BLM, or USGS personnel, or local residents involved 

in the mining industry checked the mine-related location and 

agreed on its position with a high degree of confidence. Table 2 

contains just the mine sites in the inventory and lists these sites 

alphabetically by name to facilitate cross-referencing of mine 

names with locations. Although we have not made an exhaustive search of the literature for synonyms, we have included 

them, where we have that information, in table 2. Table 3 provides an alphabetical list of the locations of mills, large milltailings deposits, and smelters in the study area. Figures 2–5 

show locations of the inventoried sites. Locations of mines are 

shown in figures 2–4. Figures 3 and 4 provide more detailed 

maps of the upper Animas River basin near Eureka and the 

south Silverton mining area. Locations of mills, large milltailings deposits, and smelters are shown in figure 5. Together, 

these illustrations and tables should facilitate location of any 

of the mines, mills, large mill-tailings deposits, or smelter sites 

referred to in this volume and provide the identifier which can 

be used to find additional data from the database for each of 

these sites.

Production records for most mines in the watershed are 

largely proprietary. Jones (this volume, Chapter C) gives the 

total production for the entire watershed for various commodities by year. He also lists the sizes of the mills and 

dates of expansion, gives information on mining and milling 

technology, and provides a link between mineral production 

and the transportation network in the watershed.

The mine names in the inventory are those generally 

referred to in the published references, the most thorough 

of these early reports being that of Ransome (1901). Mine 
Eureka

Animas

er Riv Gladstone

Eureka

AnimasForks

13 9 6

7 10 4 3 1

2 5 8

11 12

14

21 19

23

18

17

16 15

22

59 60

62 61

64 65 67 68

127

125

123

122 126

503

129

128

130

167

163

161

162

504

160

159 157

156

119

117 120

118

114

115 116

43

40

39 36 112

30

31 32 33

35

34 38

37

41 42

45

44

50

56

5758

48

49

53 54

121

47

46 96

99

102

103104

105109

111

100

101

29

92

108 110

106

107

155 154

153 150

152

149 147

148

91

90

81

83 82

88

89

87

86 505

85

84 506

145

146

144

511

180

182

183

179

187 186 181

188

N

37°

55'

37°

53'

37°

51'

107°39' 107°41' 107°37' 107°35' 107°33' 107°31'

107°33' 107°35' 107°37' 107°39' 107°41'

37°

58'

37°

56'

37°

54'

Gulch

C me

ne t

er C

ke

Watershed study area boundary

0

1

2

5 MILES

8 KILOMETERS

3

4 6

0

Figure 3. Eureka area showing mine locations; mine names are listed in tables 1 and 2.

264 Environmental Effects of Historical Mining, Animas River Watershed, Colorado
Mine Inventory and Mine-Adit Chemistry Data 265

257

260

262

259 261

263 268

211

212

258

266

272 271 276 270

269 273

278 274

279 280

281

284

283

285

335

336 339

340

337

501

338

341

334

362

363

364

365

342

344

348

343

345

346

296

291

290

288

289

216 217

218

220

500

295

298 301

302

303

305

306

304

308

311

312

292

293

294 300

349 350

351

352

353 355

354

357

356 358

360

359

323

324

325

321

322

315

317

319

320

313

314

244

236

239 241 243 245

246

235

230 228

226

223 229

232

247

248

249

250

193

189

N

37°

50'

37°

48'

37°

48'

37°

46'

107°33' 107°35' 107°37' 107°39'

107°41' 107°39' 107°37' 107°35'

0

0

1 3 5 MILES

8 KILOMETERS 2 4 6

Watershed study area boundary

Animas

River

Animas

River

Mineral

Creek

Cement Creek

Arrastra

Creek

Cunningham Creek

Howardsville

Silverton

Figure 4. South Silverton area showing mine locations; mine names are listed in tables 1 and 2.
Watershed study 

 area boundary

97

93 94

95

151

185

184

286

287

224

299

297

307 310

309

347

282

277

264

267 275

502 361

316 318

240 242

237 238

510 509

215

508 507

219

222

221

225

227

231 233

234

191

192

194

166

165 164 158

113

51

52 55 63

20 24 26

27

28

66

124

213

214

138

205 328

EXPLANATION

107°48' 107°32'

37°

52'

30"

37°

45'

107°40'

Large mill tailings deposit

Smelter

Mill

Animas River

watershed 

study area

C O L O R A D O

Durango

0

0

1

2

3

4

5 MILES

6 8 KILOMETERS

Silverton

Animas Riv er

Mineral Creek

Ce ment Creek

Gladstone

Chattanooga

Eureka

Howardsville

Animas

Forks

Figure 5. Locations of mill sites, large mill-tailings deposits, and smelter sites; site names are in table 3.

266 Environmental Effects of Historical Mining, Animas River Watershed, Colorado
Mine Inventory and Mine-Adit Chemistry Data 267

names or spellings often change with ownership during 

the development of a mining district. Furthermore, during 

times of economic downturn, consolidation of properties 

often occurred. For example, of the 110 mines listed as silver producers in the commodity report of the study area by 

the U.S. Bureau of the Mint (Munson, 1889), 68 mines that 

had previously reported silver production did not produce 

silver during 1889. Only 49 of 110 mines listed in Munson 

(1889) are in the mine inventory. Also, we have not 

attempted to document the many changes in mine names 

due to change in ownership or by consolidation of claims 

throughout the history of mining. As a result, not all mine 

names used in the literature or on claims records may be 

included in this mine inventory. One can conclude from this 

brief summary that mine names as well as mine features are 

transitory, especially in the early history of mining in the 

study area.

Table 4 presents descriptive information for many of 

the inventoried sites related to the potential for environmental 

effects. Sites that had only a single adit or shaft generally were 

associated with smaller disturbances, and these sites typically 

constitute only a physical hazard. They were not generally 

included in table 4. The shafts and adits columns give an 

indication of the extent of the surface workings at that site. 

Important point-source information typically used to evaluate 

sites for remediation included (1) number of flowing adits, 

(2) whether or not the adit drainage flowed over the mine 

waste, (3) whether the vegetation surrounding the outflow has 

died, or has a kill zone, (4) volume of the mine waste, (5) size 

of the area disturbed, and (6) distance to the receiving stream. 

Flow rates from the mine adits were highly variable throughout the year; discharge values are given at low flow in tables 5 

and 6.

Results from the survey of mine sites conducted by the 

Animas River Stakeholders Group, the Colorado Geological 

Survey, and the Colorado Division of Mines and Geology 

are summarized in table 5. These data complement the work 

done by the USGS in that they include data from properties held privately to which USGS personnel did not have 

access. Analytical results from flowing adits sampled at low 

flow were done by contract EPA laboratories. These data 

supplement the low-flow adit water chemistry data collected by Mast and others (2000) and data of Nash and Fey 

(this volume, Chapter E6). Adit water chemistry data were 

used in the evaluation and ranking of mine and mill sites 

for remediation by the ARSG (Unpub. report to Colorado 

Water Quality Control Commission, ARSG, 2001). In a 

somewhat different approach, ratings of the mine waste, 

water quality and adit flow, and distance from the stream 

are factors that were considered in ranking the mine sites 

on public land for possible remediation (Nash and Fey, this 

volume).

Adit Flow and Chemistry

A primary focus of studies of abandoned historical 

mines in a watershed often has been to locate flowing adits. 

These adits represent point sources that discharge variable 

amounts of acid and potentially toxic trace elements, in many 

cases directly into streams. Identification of mine sites that 

have large discharges of acidic, metal-rich water is clearly an 

important goal for watershed remediation. We have compiled 

water-quality and discharge data for 232 samples collected 

at 110 mine sites during low-flow conditions in 1995–99. 

Mine-water data for 76 samples collected by the ARSG, 

Colorado Geological Survey, and Colorado Division of Mines 

and Geology are in table 5; data for 156 samples collected by 

the USGS are in table 6. These data were compiled to provide 

information on the spatial variability of mine-water chemistry 

in the basin and to estimate metal loads from mining-related 

sources. In table 7, we present time-series data from Mast 

and others (2000) for selected mine sites in the study area 

sampled for 1–3 years. Characterization of seasonal patterns 

in metal concentrations and discharge for mines is often lacking in mine remediation studies but is important for estimating 

annual metal loads from mining-related sources. In addition, 

this information provides an important seasonal context for 

interpretation of mine-water chemistry at sites where timeseries data are not available.

Flow from mines in the watershed exhibited a wide range 

in discharge and chemistry (tables 5 and 6 and fig. 6). Adit 

discharge during the low-flow sampling period ranged from 

<0.002 at several small mine workings to as much as 1.2 ft3

/s 

(cubic feet per second) at the Yukon tunnel adit (mine # 186). 

The pH of adit water ranged from 2.3 at the Hercules mine 

(mine # 83) to as high as 8.6 at Pride of the West (mine # 319). 

Specific conductance ranged from 32 μS/cm (microsiemens per 

centimeter) at the Bandora mine (mine # 332) to 3,520 μS/cm 

at the Koehler tunnel (mine # 75). Mine drainage was dominantly a calcium-sulfate type water with sulfate ranging from 

6.6 to 2,720 mg/L (milligrams per liter) and calcium ranging from 1.6 to 580 mg/L. The dominant base metals in mine 

drainage were copper and zinc. Copper concentrations ranged 

from the limit of detection (0.5) to 98,600 μg/L, although only 

25 percent of samples had concentrations above 280 μg/L. 

Zinc concentrations ranged from 5 to 250,000 μg/L, but only 

25 percent of samples had concentrations above 3,900 μg/L. 

The wide range in the chemical composition of mine water 

is primarily due to the variability in degree of hydrothermal 

alteration in the surrounding bedrock and the type and extent 

of base-metal sulfides in the mine workings. In general, acidsulfate and quartz-sericite-pyrite altered rock produced mine 

water with low pH and high metal concentrations, whereas propylitically altered rock produced mine water with neutral pH 

and high calcium concentrations (fig. 6; Bove and others, this 
SULFATE, IM MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

CALCIUM, IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

2345 6789

COPPER, IN MICROGRAMS PER LITER

pH, IN STANDARD UNITS

234 5 6 7 8 9

ZINC, IN MICROGRAMS PER LITER

pH, IN STANDARD UNITS

1

10

100

1,000

10,000

1

10

100

1,000

1

10

100

1,000

10,000

100,000

0.1

1

10

100

1,000

10,000

100,000

B

C D

A

volume). Base-metal concentrations were highest in mines that 

had some historical production. A more detailed discussion of 

the relation between mine-water chemistry and hydrothermal 

alteration appears in Bove and others (this volume).

Temporal variations in mine-water discharge and chemistry are illustrated in figures 7–15 for seven mines sampled 

approximately monthly over the snowmelt hydrograph in 

1995–2000 (von Guerard and others, this volume, fig. 3). 

Discharge at the adits did not show a pronounced increase 

during snowmelt, except for a slight increase at the Forest 

Queen (mine # 195) in 1997, and the Avalanche (mine # 149) 

in 1998 (fig. 7). These results contrast markedly with streams 

and rivers in the watershed, which show large increases 

in flow during the snowmelt period. For example, flow in 

the Animas River downstream from Silverton increased 

by as much as 30-fold between winter base flow and peak 

snowmelt in 1997–99, whereas adit discharge varied by 

only 3- to 5-fold over the same period. Similar to discharge, 

the chemistry of water at the sampled mines also remained 

relatively constant throughout the year as illustrated by the 

time-series plot of mine-water pH in figure 8 and chemical 

constituent plots in figures 9–15. One possible hydrologic 

explanation for the lack of seasonality in mine discharge is 

that adits are primarily fed by ground water that discharges 

from fracture networks in the bedrock. The relatively constant chemistry even during snowmelt could be explained by 

a piston flow mechanism whereby chemically mature water 

at the bottom of the ground-water reservoir is pushed into the 

mine pool as snowmelt recharges the top of the ground-water 

system. These time-series data from different mines are 

important because they show that concentrations of metals 

from adit discharge may be relatively constant through the 

year and, without intervention, may represent a long-term 

source of metals to the watershed. In addition, these data 

provide an indication that low-flow sampling of adits may 

be sufficient to characterize annual metal concentrations and 

loads from most mines.

Figure 6. Dissolved concentrations of A, sulfate; B, calcium; C, copper; and D, zinc concentrations versus pH for mine-water 

samples collected in the Animas River watershed from 1995 to 1999. See tables 5 and 6 for complete tabulation of the data. Limit 

of detection, DL, for copper is 2 μg/L.

268 Environmental Effects of Historical Mining, Animas River Watershed, Colorado
Mine Inventory and Mine-Adit Chemistry Data 269

1997 1998 1999 2000

DATE

0.001

0.01

0.1

1

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

 ADIT DISCHARGE, IN CUBIC FEET PER SECOND

 ANIMAS RIVER DISCHARGE, IN CUBIC FEET PER SECOND

Eveline

Elk tunnel

Avalanche

Bonner

Forest Queen

(pre-remediation)

Mighty Monarch Bandora 

Animas River

discharge

Forest Queen

(post-remediation)

J J J J J J

1997 1998 1999 2000

DATE

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

8.0

0

500

1,000

1,500

FIELD pH, IN STANDARD UNITS

ANIMAS RIVER DISCHARGE, IN CUBIC FEET PER SECOND

2,000

J J J J J J

Animas River

discharge

Eveline

Elk tunnel

Avalanche

Bonner

Forest Queen

(pre-remediation)

Mighty Monarch

Bandora 

Forest Queen

(post-remediation)

Figure 7. Graph of adit discharge versus date (beginning with January 1) from seven mines (Mast and others, 2000). 

The hydrograph determined at the Animas River gauge downstream from Silverton (USGS gauge 09359020) indicates 

periods of spring runoff, primarily during June and July where flow exceeds 150 ft3

/s (von Guerard and others, this 

volume). During summer 1999, the Animas River was at high flow through October because of abundant summer rains.

Figure 8. Graph of field pH versus time for mine adit water (Mast and others, 2000). The hydrograph determined at 

the Animas River gauge downstream from Silverton (USGS gauge 09359020) indicates periods of spring runoff, primarily 

during June and July where flow exceeds 150 ft3

/s (von Guerard and others, this volume). The Forest Queen mine data 

are labeled pre- and post-remediation.
10

100

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

 CONCENTRATION,IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

10

100

1,000

0

500

1,000

1,500

 CONCENTRATION, IN MICROGRAMS PER LITER

 ANIMAS RIVER DISCHARGE,IN CUBIC FEET PER SECOND

Oct 96 Dec 96 Feb 97 Apr 97 June 97 Aug 97

DATE

A

B

2,000

 ANIMAS RIVER DISCHARGE,IN CUBIC FEET PER SECOND

Oct 97

SO

Na

Mg

Ca

Al

Fe

Animas River

discharge

4

Mn

Cu

Zn

Cd

Figure 9. Concentrations of A, major, and B, trace elements in adit discharge from Eveline mine (site # 91; data from table 7). 

No lead was detected in the adit discharge (DL, detection limit=30 μg/L).

270 Environmental Effects of Historical Mining, Animas River Watershed, Colorado
Mine Inventory and Mine-Adit Chemistry Data 271

Nov 97 Mar 98 Jul 98 Nov 98 Mar 99 Jul 99

DATE

10

100

1,000

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

 CONCENTRATION, IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

10

100

1,000

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

 ANIMAS RIVER DISCHARGE, IN CUBIC FEET PER SECOND

A

B

 CONCENTRATION,IN MICROGRAMS PER LITER

 ANIMAS RIVER DISCHARGE, IN CUBIC FEET PER SECOND

0

SO

Na

Mg

Ca

Al

Fe

Animas River

discharge

4

Mn

Cu

Zn

Cd

Figure 10. Concentrations of A, major, and B, trace elements in adit discharge from Bonner mine (site # 172; data from table 7). 

No lead was detected in the adit discharge (DL, detection limit=30 μg/L); cadmium was detected in some adit discharge samples 

(DL, detection limit=2 μg/L; connected using a dashed line).
10

100

0

500

1,000

1,500

 CONCENTRATION, IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

1

10

100

1,000

0

500

1,000

1,500

Oct 97 Dec 97 Feb 98 Apr 98 Jun 98 Aug 98 Oct 98 Dec 98

 ANIMAS RIVER DISCHARGE, IN CUBIC FEET PER SECOND

DATE

B

 CONCENTRATION,IN MICROGRAMS PER LITER

2,000

2,000

 ANIMAS RIVER DISCHARGE, IN CUBIC FEET PER SECOND

Animas River

discharge

SO

Na

Mg

Ca

Al

Fe

A

4

Mn

Cu

Zn

Cd

DL = 2

Figure 11. Concentrations of A, major, and B, trace elements in adit discharge from Avalanche mine (site # 149; data from 

table 7). No lead was detected in the adit discharge (DL, detection limit=30 μg/L); cadmium was detected in some adit discharge

samples (DL, detection limit=2 μg/L; data points connected using a dashed line).

272 Environmental Effects of Historical Mining, Animas River Watershed, Colorado
Mine Inventory and Mine-Adit Chemistry Data 273

0.1

1

10

100

1,000

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

 CONCENTRATION, IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

 ANIMAS RIVER DISCHARGE, IN CUBIC FEET PER SECOND

1

10

100

1,000

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

Dec 96 Feb 97 Apr 97 Jun 97 Aug 97 Oct 97

DATE

A

B

 CONCENTRATION,IN MICROGRAMS PER LITER

 ANIMAS RIVER DISCHARGE, IN CUBIC FEET PER SECOND

Animas River

discharge

SO

Na

Mg

Ca

Al

Fe

4

Mn

Zn

Cd

Pb

DL = 30

DL = 2

Figure 12. Concentrations of A, major, and B, trace elements in adit discharge from Forest Queen mine (site # 195; pre-remediation 

data from table 7). No copper was detected in the adit discharge (DL, detection limit=4 μg/L); cadmium and lead were detected in 

some adit discharge samples (DL, detection limit=2 μg/L and 30 μg/L, respectively; data points connected using a dashed line).
0.01

0.1

1

10

100

0

500

1,000

1,500

 CONCENTRATION, IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

 ANIMAS RIVER DISCHARGE, IN CUBIC FEET PER SECOND

10

100

1,000

10,000

0

500

1,000

1,500

Mar 98 Jul 98 Nov 98 Mar 99 July 99

DATE

A

 CONCENTRATION,IN MICROGRAMS PER LITER

2,000

2,000

 ANIMAS RIVER DISCHARGE, IN CUBIC FEET PER SECOND

Animas River

discharge

SO

Na

Mg

Ca

Al

Fe

4

Mn

Cu

Zn

Cd

Pb

B

DL = 30

Figure 13. Concentrations of A, major, and B, trace elements in adit discharge from Bandora mine (site # 332; data from table 7). 

Lead was detected in only one sample (DL, detection limit=30 μg/L; data points connected using a dashed line).

274 Environmental Effects of Historical Mining, Animas River Watershed, Colorado
Mine Inventory and Mine-Adit Chemistry Data 275

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

1,000

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

 CONCENTRATION,IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

ANIMAS RIVER DISCHARGE,IN CUBIC FEET PER SECOND

1

10

100

1,000

0

500

1,000

1,500

Sep 97 Nov 97 Jan 98 Mar 98 May 98 Jul 98 Sep 98 Nov 98

DATE

 CONCENTRATION, IN MICROGRAMS PER LITER

ANIMAS RIVER DISCHARGE,IN CUBIC FEET PER SECOND

2,000

Animas River

discharge

SO

Na

Mg

Ca

Al

Fe

4 A

Mn

Zn

Cd

Pb

DL = 30

DL = 2

B

Figure 14. Concentrations of A, major, and B, trace elements in adit discharge from Elk tunnel (site # 147; data from table 7). 

No copper was detected in the adit discharge (DL, detection limit=4 μg/L, table 7); cadmium and lead were detected in some 

adit discharge samples (DL, detection limit=2 μg/L and 30 μg/L, respectively; data points connected using a dashed line).
0.01

0.1

1

10

100

0

500

1,000

1,500

 CONCENTRATION, IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

1

10

100

1,000

0

500

1,000

1,500

Feb 98 Apr 98 Jun 98 Aug 98 Oct 98 Dec 98 Feb 99

 ANIMAS RIVER DISCHARGE, IN CUBIC FEET PER SECOND

DATE

A

B

 CONCENTRATION, IN MICROGRAMS PER LITER

 ANIMAS RIVER DISCHARGE, IN CUBIC FEET PER SECOND

2,000

2,000

Animas River

discharge

SO

Na

Mg

Ca

Al

Fe

4

Mn

Zn

Cd

Pb

DL = 30

DL = 2

Figure 15. Concentrations of A, major, and B, trace elements in adit discharge from Mighty Monarch mine (site # 285; data from 

table 7). No copper was detected in the adit discharge (DL, detection limit=4 μg/L); cadmium and lead were detected in some adit 

discharge samples (DL, detection limit=2 μg/L and 30 μg/L, respectively; data points connected using a dashed line).

276 Environmental Effects of Historical Mining, Animas River Watershed, Colorado
Mine Inventory and Mine-Adit Chemistry Data 277

Figures 9–15, in which data are ordered by increasing values of pH of the adit drainage, show the variations 

of major- and trace-element concentrations for each suite 

of mine-water samples with time. The Eveline (mine # 91) 

and Bonner (mine # 172) are located on the margins of some 

of the most intensely altered areas of the watershed. The 

Eveline mine, which drains a localized area of quartz-sericitepyrite altered rock, has the most acidic mine water (fig. 8) 

and was characterized by high concentrations of sulfate, zinc, 

and manganese with low concentrations of calcium (fig. 9). 

Discharge from the Eveline mine varied between 0.01 and 

0.03 ft3

/s and did not appear to increase during spring snowmelt (fig. 7). For the dissolved constituent concentrations, 

iron and copper increased slightly following peak flow in 

1997, although the other constituents remained remarkably constant during snowmelt. The Bonner mine is on the 

margins of an area of pervasive quartz-sericite-pyrite altered 

rock, and drainage is characterized by low pH (fig. 8), and 

high concentrations of sulfate, zinc, and manganese (fig. 10). 

Discharge from the Bonner mine varied between 0.03 and 

0.07 ft3

/s and did not appear to increase during spring snowmelt (fig. 7). A slight increase evident in the concentration 

of some constituents at the adit in the May sample in 1998 

may reflect flushing of solutes from the adit pool and waste 

materials at the onset of snowmelt. Constituent concentrations through the remainder of the sampling period remained 

relatively constant.

The Avalanche (mine # 149) and Forest Queen 

(mine # 195) drain areas of propylitically altered rock with 

zones of quartz-sericite-pyrite alteration localized along vein 

margins. Mine adit drainage from the Avalanche mine was 

acidic and was similar in composition to that of the Bonner 

mine (fig. 11). Discharge at the Avalanche mine varied from 

0.003 to 0.031 ft3

/s and showed a distinct increase during 

snowmelt in 1998 (fig. 7). Concentrations of most dissolved 

constituents at the Avalanche mine also increased during 

spring runoff in 1998, although concentrations of aluminum 

and iron appeared to increase much more dramatically than 

other dissolved constituents. Discharge at the Forest Queen 

mine (pre-remediation) ranged from 0.022 to 0.077 ft3

/s during 

1997 and was highest in June and July following peak snowmelt (fig. 7). Although most mine adits were monitored for a 

period of about a year, the Forest Queen mine was monitored 

for a longer period because it was opened and the discharge 

routed to a constructed passive treatment wetlands system in 

the summer of 1998 to remediate the water quality of drainage 

from this adit (data labeled pre- and post-remediation, fig. 7). 

Studies of the Forest Queen wetlands are in Stanton, Fey, and 

others (this volume, Chapter E25). Mine water from the Forest 

Queen mine was less acidic than at the Avalanche mine but 

had significantly higher concentrations of sulfate, manganese, 

and zinc (fig. 12). Despite the 3-fold increase in discharge 

observed in 1997, concentrations of dissolved constituents 

(except for cadmium) were remarkably constant throughout 

1997.

The Bandora (mine # 332) is in the Precambrian and 

Paleozoic sedimentary rocks outside the Silverton caldera 

margin in weak sericite-pyrite altered rock. Mine drainage 

from the Bandora is characterized by neutral pH (fig. 8), low 

concentrations of sulfate, and high concentrations of zinc and 

manganese relative to the other mines (fig. 13). Discharge 

from the Bandora mine varied from 0.03 to 0.14 ft3

/s and 

was lowest during base flow in December 1998 (fig. 7). 

Dissolved constituent concentrations were relatively constant 

in 1998–99, although some metals, particularly zinc and manganese, appeared to be slightly higher during snowmelt than 

during base flow.

The Elk tunnel (mine # 147) and Mighty Monarch 

(mine # 285) drain areas of propylitically altered rock 

and have the highest pH values of the seven mines (fig. 8). 

Although field pH values and metal concentrations at the two 

mines were similar, sulfate and calcium concentrations were 

much lower at the Mighty Monarch mine (fig. 15) than at the 

Elk tunnel (fig. 14). Seasonal variations in discharge, which 

ranged from 0.041 to .081 ft3

/s at the Mighty Monarch mine 

and 0.30 to 0.57 ft3/s at the Elk tunnel, did not appear to be 

related to snowmelt (fig. 7). Concentrations of major and trace 

elements in adit water at the two mines also showed little 

variation during 1998 except for aluminum at the Elk tunnel 

and aluminum, cadmium, and iron at the Mighty Monarch 

mine.

Concentrations of both the major and the trace elements 

vary between mines and reflect the alteration and sulfide 

mineralogy (Bove and others, this volume). Concentrations 

of dissolved iron, aluminum, copper, and lead are clearly functions of both the alteration suite and the pH of the mine water 

(table 7 and figs. 9–15; dissolved lead concentrations are often 

below the limit of detection). Concentrations of magnesium 

and calcium, which provide acid neutralization, are a function 

of the geologic setting and the alteration. Loads (concentrations of dissolved constituent times the discharge) calculated 

for sulfate, calcium, copper, and zinc increase directly with 

discharge (fig. 16). Calculated loads for some other metals, 

such as iron and aluminum, do not show these same simple 

relationships because of solubility changes caused by differences in pH of the adit discharge. The preceding relationships 

indicate that the mine pool water is being forced out of the 

mine adits as the hydrologic head increases due to infiltration 

during spring runoff. Identification of those mine sites that 

have large discharges of acidic, metal-laden water is clearly 

an important goal for watershed remediation.
0.1

1

10

100

DATE DATE

SULFATE LOAD, IN KILOGRAMS PER DAY

CALCIUM LOAD, IN KILOGRAMS PER DAY

COPPER LOAD, IN GRAMS PER DAY

ZINC LOAD, IN GRAMS PER DAY

10 4

10 5

10 6

Eveline

Elk tunnel

Avalanche

Bonner

Forest Queen

Mighty Monarch

Bandora

103

10 4

10 5

10 6

10 3

10 2

1

10

100

1,000

1997 1998 1999 1997 1998 1999 J J J J J J J J J J J J J J

A B

C

D

Figure 16. Loads of A, sulfate; B, calcium; C, copper; and D, zinc from the time-series adit discharge data from seven mine sites. 

The hydrograph determined at the Animas River gauge downstream from Silverton (USGS gauge 09359020) indicates periods of 

spring runoff, primarily during June and July where flow exceeds 150 ft3

/s (von Guerard and others, this volume).

278 Environmental Effects of Historical Mining, Animas River Watershed, Colorado
Mine Inventory and Mine-Adit Chemistry Data 279

Summary

Research of the historical record combined with modern 

digital mapping methods using digital orthophoto quadrangles 

(DOQ) and GIS technology has resulted in a new and more 

accurate inventory of the important past-producing mines, 

mills, and smelters in the Animas River watershed study area. 

Mine locations have been verified by project personnel or by 

local residents of Silverton and the surrounding area who have 

a working knowledge of the mining industry in the region. 

Compilations of new and existing data on the number of flowing adits, range of pH and dissolved metal concentrations, size 

of mine-waste piles and affected areas at these mine sites are 

summarized so that the data are available for use in potential 

remediation activity. Analysis of time-series data from seven 

mine sites (Mast and others, 2000) shows that the chemistry of 

the adit discharge from individual mines does not vary much 

of the year, but that the discharge at some sites shows a seasonal effect. Acidic mine drainage from historical mines represents a long-term source of contamination that affects surface 

water quality in the Animas River watershed study area.

References Cited

Bird, A.G., 1999, Silverton gold (revised edition): Lakewood, 

Colo., 223 p.

Burbank, W.S., 1933, Vein systems of Arrastre Basin and 

regional geologic structure in the Silverton and Telluride 

quadrangles, Colorado: Colorado Scientific Society Proceedings, v. 13, p. 135–214.

Burbank, W.S., and Luedke, R.G., 1969, Geology and ore 

deposits of the Eureka and adjoining districts, San Juan 

Mountains, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Professional 

Paper 535, 73 p.

Endlich, F.M., 1878, San Juan region, in Tenth Annual Report 

of the United States Geological and Geographical Survey 

of the Territories, Colorado and parts of adjacent territories, 

Report for 1876: p. 120–121.

Henderson, C.W., 1926, Mining in Colorado, a history of 

discovery, development and production: U.S. Geological 

Survey Professional Paper 138, 263 p.

Hodges, J.L., 1899, Report of the Director of the Mint upon 

production of the precious metals in the United States 

during the calendar year 1898: U.S. Bureau of the Mint, 

p. 75–100.

Mast, M.A., Evans, J.B., Leib, K.J., and Wright, W.G., 2000, 

Hydrologic and water-quality data at selected sites in the 

upper Animas River watershed, southwestern Colorado, 

1997–99: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 00–53, 

20 p.

McFaul, E.J., Mason, J.T. Jr., Ferguson, W.B., and Lipin, B.R., 

2000, U.S. Geological Survey Mineral Databases—MRDS 

and MAS/MILS: U.S. Geological Survey Digital Data 

Series DDS–52. One CD-ROM.

Munson, G.C., 1889, Report of the Director of the Mint 

upon production of the precious metals in the United States 

during the calendar year 1889: U.S. Bureau of the Mint, 

p. 94–113.

Purington, C.W., 1905, Ore horizons in the veins of the 

San Juan Mountains, Colorado: Economic Geology, v. 1, 

p. 129–133.

Ransome, F.L., 1901, A report on the economic geology of 

the Silverton quadrangle, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey 

Bulletin 182, 265 p.

Raymond, R.W., 1877, Mines and mining in the states and territories west of the Rocky Mountains: Eighth Annual Report 

of Rossiter W. Raymond, United States Commissioner of 

Mining Statistics, p. 324–326.

Schwarz, T.E., 1888, Notes on the ore occurrence of the Red 

Mountain district: Proceedings of the Colorado Scientific 

Society, v. 3, 1888–1890, p. 75–85.

Varnes, D.J., 1963, Geology and ore deposits of the south 

Silverton mining area, San Juan County, Colorado: 

U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 378–A, 56 p.

Wilson, A.B., 2003, Databases and simplified geology for 

mineralized areas, claims, mines and prospects in Colorado: 

U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 03–090, v. 1, 

28 p. Available on-line at URL http://pubs.usgs.gov/

of/2003/ofr-03-090/.

Tables 1–7
Table 1. Mines, mills, large mill-tailings deposits, and smelter sites listed by AML_MINE_ID number.

[Numbers refer to locations in figures 2–5 and in the Animas River watershed database; locations are either verified or approx. (approximate) on the basis of site 

visits or knowledge of resident experts; S-D, Shenandoah-Dives. Some mills located at the same sites were not originally numbered; we have added numbers in 

brackets for clarity]

Name AMLI_MINE_ID Latitude Longitude Location verified

Red Cloud mine 1 37.94532 107.59085 verified

Sewell mine 2 37.94221 107.59024 verified

Boston mine 3 37.94630 107.58929 verified

Dewitt mine 4 37.94720 107.58826 verified

Little Chief mine 5 37.94470 107.58737 verified

Uncompahgre Chief mine 6 37.95128 107.58621 verified

London mine 7 37.94914 107.58385 verified

Early Bird crosscut 8 37.94528 107.58268 verified

Ben Butler mine 9 37.95190 107.58187 verified

Prairie mine 10 37.94938 107.58150 verified

Hermes group 11 37.94194 107.57503 verified

Riverside mine 12 37.94136 107.57370 verified

Lucky Jack mine 13 37.95416 107.57264 verified

Eagle Chief mine 14 37.93998 107.57201 verified

Little Ida mine 15 37.93307 107.60487 verified

Burrows mine 16 37.93273 107.60190 verified

Vermillion mine 17 37.93617 107.60016 verified

Vermillion tunnel 18 37.93395 107.59594 verified

Frisco tunnel 19 37.93299 107.58053 verified

Bagley Mill (Frisco) 20 37.93287 107.58024 verified

Adit with unknown name 21 37.93503 107.57487 verified

Silver Coin mine 22 37.92926 107.57153 verified

Columbus mine 23 37.93308 107.57061 verified

Columbus Mill 24 37.93249 107.57045 verified

Animas Forks Smelter 26 37.93153 107.56856 verified

Gold Prince Mill 27 37.93007 107.56772 verified

Brown, Epley & Co. Smelter 28 37.92567 107.56361 verified

Corkscrew Pass mine 29 37.90803 107.66011 verified

Mogul South mine 30 37.90838 107.63789 verified

Mogul mine 31 37.91003 107.63744 verified

Mogul North mine 32 37.91092 107.63309 verified

Grand Mogul stope complex 33 37.91053 107.63079 verified

Queen Anne mine 34 37.91448 107.62986 verified

Grand Mogul 35 37.91014 107.62961 verified

Lower Ross Basin mine 36 37.90763 107.62676 verified

Columbia mine 37 37.91778 107.62645 verified

Upper Queen Anne mine 38 37.91687 107.62607 verified

Brenneman mine 39 37.90780 107.62212 verified

George Washington mine 40 37.90689 107.61843 verified

Mountain Queen mine 41 37.91439 107.61714 verified

Mountain Queen tunnel 42 37.91529 107.61396 verified

Lake mine 43 37.90567 107.61359 verified

Silver Chord mine 44 37.92367 107.61413 verified

282 Environmental Effects of Historical Mining, Animas River Watershed, Colorado
Mine Inventory and Mine-Adit Chemistry Data 283

Table 1. Mines, mills, large mill-tailings deposits, and smelter sites listed by AML_MINE_ID number.—Continued

Name AMLI_MINE_ID Latitude Longitude Location verified

Indian Chief mine 45 37.91981 107.61321 verified

Sunnyside Extension 46 37.90610 107.60532 verified

Mastodon mine (Handies Peak quadrangle) 47 37.90789 107.60442 verified

Independence mine (Handies Peak quadrangle) 48 37.91079 107.60209 verified

Gold Prince mine 49 37.90798 107.60085 verified

Custer mine 50 37.91941 107.60046 verified

Hanson Mill (Sunnyside Extension Mill) 51 37.90887 107.59989 verified

Mastodon Mill 52 37.91013 107.59899 verified

Silver Queen mine 53 37.90794 107.59624 verified

Sound Democrat mine 54 37.90845 107.59447 verified

Sound Democrat Mill 55 37.91188 107.59423 verified

Sunbank group, upper level 56 37.91805 107.59420 verified

Sunbank group, lower level 57 37.91757 107.59292 verified

Evening Star mine 58 37.91714 107.59171 verified

Scotia mine 59 37.91525 107.57688 verified

Golden Fleece mine 60 37.91522 107.57622 verified

San Juan Queen mine 61 37.91204 107.57415 verified

Sandiago tunnel 62 37.91388 107.56902 verified

Treasure Mountain Mill 63 37.91342 107.56898 verified

Toltec mine, upper level 64 37.90765 107.56339 verified

Toltec mine, middle level 65 37.90912 107.56027 verified

Eclipse Smelter 66 37.91776 107.55841 verified

Toltec mine, lower level 67 37.91035 107.55617 verified

Adit with unknown name 68 37.91163 107.55335 verified

Upper Bullion King 69 37.88872 107.74383 verified

Lower Bullion King mine 70 37.88856 107.74219 verified

Mineral Basin mine 71 37.90081 107.73827 verified

Lower Porphyry Gulch mine 72 37.88465 107.73515 verified

Silver Ledge mine 73 37.88394 107.72082 verified

Bradley Pit 74 37.88436 107.72059 verified

Koehler tunnel 75 37.89531 107.71101 verified

Junction mine 76 37.89627 107.71050 verified

Longfellow mine 77 37.89685 107.71036 verified

St. Paul mine 78 37.88806 107.70787 verified

Congress mine 79 37.89179 107.70601 verified

Carbon Lake mine 80 37.89263 107.70330 verified

JSP mine 81 37.89446 107.68946 verified

Galena Queen mine 82 37.89184 107.68887 verified

Hercules mine 83 37.89242 107.68806 verified

Henrietta mine, #3 level 84 37.88892 107.68295 verified

Henrietta mine, #7 level 85 37.89093 107.68222 verified

Lark mine 86 37.89341 107.68050 verified

Joe and Johns mine 87 37.89192 107.67819 verified

Webster mine 88 37.90046 107.67844 verified

Joe and Johns mine, upper level 89 37.89607 107.67635 verified

Galty Boy mine 90 37.89169 107.66520 verified

Eveline mine 91 37.88826 107.66467 verified
Table 1. Mines, mills, large mill-tailings deposits, and smelter sites listed by AML_MINE_ID number.—Continued

Name AMLI_MINE_ID Latitude Longitude Location verified

Burns group 92 37.89833 107.66251 verified

Mogul Mill 93 37.89067 107.65146 verified

Gold King Mill 94 37.89079 107.64814 verified

Lead Carbonate Mill 95 37.88953 107.64773 verified

American tunnel, Sunnyside mine 96 37.89106 107.64755 verified

Red and Bonita Mill 97 37.89716 107.64349 verified

Red and Bonita mine 99 37.89723 107.64308 verified

Adams mine 100 37.90026 107.64157 verified

Pride of Bonita mine 101 37.90352 107.64072 verified

Salomon group 102 37.89633 107.63902 verified

Gold King mine, #7 level 103 37.89494 107.63788 verified

Gold King mine, Sampson level 104 37.89685 107.63364 verified

Gold King mine, upper Sampson level 105 37.89765 107.63273 verified

Lead Carbonate mine 106 37.89150 107.63237 verified

Minnehaha mine 107 37.88738 107.63185 verified

Mocking Bird mine 108 37.89336 107.63198 verified

Gold King mine, Paul level 109 37.89757 107.63169 verified

Benitoite mine 110 37.89312 107.63145 verified

Gold King mine, #1 level 111 37.89655 107.63111 verified

Adelphin mine 112 37.90388 107.63031 verified

Sunnyside-Thompson Mill 113 37.90097 107.61417 verified

Clipper mine 114 37.89626 107.61332 verified

Belle Creole mine 115 37.90298 107.61301 verified

Sunnyside mine 116 37.90322 107.61168 verified

Ben Franklin prospect 117 37.89222 107.61034 verified

Ben Franklin mine 118 37.89442 107.60714 verified

Bavarian mine 119 37.89122 107.60602 verified

Terry tunnel of Sunnyside mine, F level 120 37.89286 107.60362 verified

Lake Parson mine 121 37.90340 107.59519 verified

Tom Moore tunnel 122 37.89702 107.55855 verified

Tom Moore mine 123 37.90048 107.55376 approx.

Silver Wing Mill 124 37.90403 107.55555 verified

Silver Wing mine 125 37.90348 107.55473 verified

Silver Bell mine 126 37.90205 107.54681 verified

Fredericka group 127 37.90543 107.54129 verified

Great Eastern 128 37.89685 107.54004 verified

Lower Great Eastern 129 37.89772 107.53982 verified

Klondyke mine 130 37.89388 107.53726 verified

Upper Mill Creek mine 131 37.86820 107.75593 verified

Silver Cloud mine 132 37.87354 107.74688 verified

Silver Crown mine 133 37.87158 107.74339 verified

Silver King mine 134 37.87966 107.73501 verified

Chattanooga Curve mine 135 37.87373 107.73281 verified

Imogene mine 136 37.86248 107.72797 verified

Ferricrete mine 137 37.86823 107.72598 verified

Silver Ledge Mill 138 37.87615 107.72586 verified

Lower Browns Gulch mine 139 37.85875 107.72151 verified

284 Environmental Effects of Historical Mining, Animas River Watershed, Colorado
Mine Inventory and Mine-Adit Chemistry Data 285

Table 1. Mines, mills, large mill-tailings deposits, and smelter sites listed by AML_MINE_ID number.—Continued

Name AMLI_MINE_ID Latitude Longitude Location verified

Gold Finch group 140 37.87220 107.71951 verified

Brooklyn mine 141 37.86083 107.71468 verified

Upper Browns Gulch 142 37.86407 107.70719 verified

U.S. Basin mine 143 37.87561 107.70060 verified

Minnesota Gulch mine 144 37.86706 107.68800 verified

Kansas City mine, #1 level 145 37.88181 107.68498 verified

Hoosier Boy mine 146 37.87421 107.68466 verified

Elk tunnel 147 37.87021 107.67475 verified

Mammoth tunnel 148 37.87887 107.67137 verified

Avalanche mine 149 37.87325 107.66717 verified

Big Colorado mine 150 37.87691 107.64606 verified

King mine 152 37.87111 107.64408 verified

Natalie/Occidental mine 153 37.87676 107.64336 verified

Occidental mine 154 37.88094 107.63630 verified

Black Hawk mine 155 37.88220 107.63478 verified

South Fork mine #16 156 37.87679 107.60172 verified

South Fork mine #17 157 37.88140 107.59836 verified

Sunnyside Mill #1 158 37.88401 107.59107 verified

Midway tunnel 159 37.88543 107.59010 verified

Moonbeam mine 160 37.88090 107.58105 verified

Ransom mine, upper level 161 37.88409 107.57269 verified

Sunnyside “Mill-level tunnel” 1937-38 162 37.88140 107.56875 verified

Senator mine 163 37.88189 107.56742 verified

Sunnyside Eureka Mill 164 37.88123 107.56677 verified

Sunnyside Mill #2 165 37.87974 107.56627 verified

Winspear Smelter 166 37.87907 107.56586 verified

Protection mine 167 37.88082 107.56184 verified

Paradise mine 168 37.84263 107.76407 verified

Ruby Trust 169 37.84585 107.75141 verified

Freda mine 170 37.85004 107.74789 verified

Independence mine (Silverton quadrangle) 171 37.84469 107.73976 verified

Bonner mine 172 37.84437 107.73694 verified

Molly Gulch mine 173 37.84045 107.72521 verified

Magnet mine 174 37.85032 107.72485 verified

Liberty Bond Creek mine 175 37.84066 107.71395 verified

Brobdignad mine 176 37.84379 107.70975 verified

Zuni mine 177 37.83537 107.70652 verified

Irene mine 178 37.84170 107.70164 verified

Omaha mine 179 37.85391 107.68654 verified

Monarch 180 37.85914 107.68306 verified

May Day mine (synonym: Mayday) 181 37.84758 107.67863 verified

Anglo Saxon mine, upper level 182 37.85855 107.67843 verified

Anglo Saxon mine 183 37.85888 107.67687 verified

Yukon Mill 184 37.84923 107.67544 verified

Boston & Silverton Mill 185 37.84990 107.67545 verified

Yukon tunnel (Gold Hub) 186 37.84957 107.67499 verified

Lamont mine 187 37.85244 107.66298 verified
Table 1. Mines, mills, large mill-tailings deposits, and smelter sites listed by AML_MINE_ID number.—Continued

Name AMLI_MINE_ID Latitude Longitude Location verified

Uncle Sam mine 188 37.84905 107.65613 verified

Legal Tender mine (Howardsville quadrangle) 189 37.85299 107.58202 verified

Auburn tunnel 190 37.85891 107.58043 verified

Hamlet Mill 191 37.85206 107.57429 verified

Kittimack tailings 192 37.85822 107.57155 verified

Hamlet mine 193 37.84805 107.56993 verified

Kittimack Mill 194 37.85987 107.56930 verified

Forest Queen mine 195 37.86593 107.56509 verified

Ruby mine 196 37.84408 107.55797 verified

Occident tunnel 197 37.86834 107.54820 verified

Caledonia mine 198 37.86630 107.54443 verified

Gold Nugget mine 199 37.84178 107.54319 verified

Dewey mine 200 37.83983 107.54259 verified

Kittimack mine 201 37.86512 107.53659 verified

Esmeralda mine, lower level 202 37.84867 107.53273 verified

Esmeralda mine, upper level 203 37.84887 107.53113 verified

Golden Gate mine 204 37.81614 107.80257 verified

Ice Lake Mill 205 37.81240 107.78206 verified

Waco mine 206 37.82392 107.78391 verified

Burbank mine 207 37.81996 107.77184 verified

Ensle tunnel 208 37.81992 107.76531 verified

Black Diamond mine 209 37.82061 107.73250 verified

Molly group 210 37.81554 107.72538 verified

Coming Wonder 211 37.81595 107.67100 verified

Little Casino mine 212 37.81687 107.67011 verified

Kendrick-Gelder Smelter (Ross) 213 37.82024 107.66069 verified

Greene Smelter 214 37.81894 107.66061 verified

William Crooke Mill 215 37.82496 107.63784 verified

Blair Mountain tunnel 216 37.81978 107.63758 verified

Amy tunnel 217 37.82175 107.63323 verified

Aspen mine 218 37.82115 107.63117 verified

Silver Lake Mill #2 219 37.82629 107.62765 verified

Legal Tender mine (Silverton quadrangle) 220 37.81867 107.62731 verified

Mayflower Mill (S-D Mill) 221 37.82865 107.62743 verified

MearsWilfley Mill 222 37.82743 107.62699 verified

Valley Forge mine 223 37.82954 107.62447 verified

Ward and Shepard Mill 224 37.81927 107.62150 verified

Contention Mill 225 37.82748 107.61742 verified

Joseph Neff mine 226 37.82939 107.60647 verified

Pride of the West Mill [#2] 227 37.83362 107.59950 verified

Little Nation mine 228 37.82979 107.59935 verified

Union tunnel (Silver Star) 229 37.83847 107.59726 verified

Hidden Treasure mine 230 37.83007 107.59547 verified

Little Nation Mill 231 37.83684 107.59537 verified

Progressive mine 232 37.84348 107.59351 verified

Pride of the West Mill [#4] (Dixilyn, P&G, Howardsville, 

Silver Wing)

233 37.83698 107.59259 verified

286 Environmental Effects of Historical Mining, Animas River Watershed, Colorado
Mine Inventory and Mine-Adit Chemistry Data 287

Table 1. Mines, mills, large mill-tailings deposits, and smelter sites listed by AML_MINE_ID number.—Continued

Name AMLI_MINE_ID Latitude Longitude Location verified

Pride of the West Mill tailings 234 37.83966 107.59151 verified

Hemetite mine 235 37.82983 107.58736 verified

Smuggler mine 236 37.81994 107.58678 verified

Old Hundred Mill tailings 237 37.82357 107.58655 verified

Old Hundred Mill 238 37.82342 107.58522 verified

Old Hundred mine, Mill-level tunnel (3200 level) 239 37.82399 107.58427 verified

Green Mountain Mill 240 37.81978 107.58193 verified

Old Hundred mine, #2 level 241 37.82565 107.58171 verified

Vertex Mill 242 37.81775 107.58036 verified

Old Hundred mine, #5 level 243 37.82649 107.57999 verified

Emma mine 244 37.81803 107.57840 verified

Old Hundred mine, #7 level (new) 245 37.82923 107.57581 verified

Old Hundred mine, #7 level (old) 246 37.83025 107.57502 verified

Veta Madre tunnel 247 37.82631 107.57101 approx.

Gary Owen mine 248 37.82014 107.56677 verified

Antiperiodic mine 249 37.81857 107.56055 verified

Big Ten mine 250 37.82317 107.55893 verified

Ridgeway mine 251 37.83115 107.55216 verified

Little Maud mine 252 37.83234 107.53684 verified

Diamond mine (Ophir quadrangle) 253 37.80311 107.81913 verified

Lucy mine 254 37.80636 107.81780 verified

Kinney tunnel 255 37.80466 107.78597 verified

Copper Gulch mine 256 37.80528 107.74674 verified

Silverheel mine 257 37.81159 107.70637 verified

Belcher mine 258 37.79613 107.69243 verified

North Star (Sultan), #4 level 259 37.80423 107.68652 verified

Columbine mine 260 37.81148 107.68538 verified

North Star (Sultan), #6 level 261 37.80596 107.68335 verified

Blanchard placer 262 37.80891 107.68334 verified

North Star (Sultan), #7 level 263 37.80718 107.68160 approx.

North Star (Sultan) Mill 264 37.80729 107.68037 verified

Sultan tunnel 266 37.80299 107.67956 verified

Victoria Mill 267 37.80853 107.67810 verified

Victoria mine 268 37.80917 107.67664 verified

Blue Jay mine 269 37.79749 107.67542 verified

Ricker tunnel 270 37.79817 107.67482 verified

Ajax tunnel 271 37.80043 107.67475 verified

Gladstone mine 272 37.79947 107.67853 verified

Little Dora mine 273 37.79777 107.67451 verified

Jenny Parker mine 274 37.79519 107.67418 verified

Martha Rose Smelter 275 37.80822 107.67485 verified

Empire tunnel 276 37.80124 107.67238 verified

Hercules Mill (Empire) 277 37.80231 107.67167 verified

Diamond mine (Silverton quadrangle) 278 37.79727 107.67044 verified

Ideal placer 279 37.79413 107.66934 verified

Marcella mine 280 37.79513 107.66512 verified

Kendall Lode 281 37.79820 107.66075 verified
Table 1. Mines, mills, large mill-tailings deposits, and smelter sites listed by AML_MINE_ID number.—Continued

Name AMLI_MINE_ID Latitude Longitude Location verified

Rough & Ready Smelter 282 37.81347 107.66039 verified

Idaho mine 283 37.80241 107.65918 approx.

Clara mine 284 37.79788 107.65827 verified

Mighty Monarch mine 285 37.80804 107.65687 verified

Lackawanna tailings (removed) 286 37.81447 107.65173 verified

Lackawanna Mill 287 37.81409 107.65163 verified

Lackawanna mine 288 37.80956 107.64713 approx.

Last Chance mine 289 37.81265 107.64501 verified

Scranton City mine 290 37.80265 107.64069 verified

Happy Jack mine 291 37.80361 107.62894 verified

Nevada mine, upper level 292 37.80021 107.62182 verified

Nevada mine, lower level 293 37.80000 107.62067 verified

Unity tunnel level of Silver Lake mine 294 37.80174 107.61850 verified

Grey Eagle mine 295 37.81315 107.61859 verified

New York mine 296 37.79800 107.61758 verified

Iowa Mill 297 37.81289 107.61569 verified

Ezra R mine 298 37.81140 107.61610 verified

Little Giant Mill 299 37.81399 107.61605 verified

Last Chance tunnel 300 37.80245 107.61486 verified

Argentine tunnel 301 37.81076 107.61493 verified

Jess mine 302 37.81265 107.61282 verified

Little Giant mine 303 37.81319 107.61178 approx.

Mayflower mine (S-D mine, main level) 304 37.80624 107.60891 verified

Black Prince tunnel 305 37.81145 107.60475 verified

King Solomon mine 306 37.81338 107.60303 verified

Big Giant Mill 307 37.80802 107.60219 verified

Big Giant mine 308 37.80767 107.60209 verified

North Star Mill [#1] 309 37.80492 107.59899 verified

North Star Mill tailings 310 37.80587 107.59897 verified

Gold Lake mine 311 37.80681 107.59886 verified

Potomac mine 312 37.80347 107.59861 verified

Galena Mountain group 313 37.81312 107.57875 verified

Lawrence tunnel (Osceola mine) 314 37.81109 107.57758 verified

Green Mountain mine, lower level 315 37.80084 107.57709 verified

Pride of the West Mill [#3] 316 37.80754 107.57700 verified

Green Mountain mine, middle level 317 37.80014 107.57621 verified

Pride of the West Mill [#1] 318 37.80782 107.57617 verified

Pride of the West mine, #1 level 319 37.80755 107.57616 verified

Compromise tunnel 320 37.81033 107.57578 verified

Green Mountain mine, upper level 321 37.80101 107.57143 approx.

Little Fanney mine 322 37.80170 107.57123 verified

Oyama tunnel 323 37.80189 107.55642 verified

Old Abe mine 324 37.80334 107.55484 verified

Buffalo Boy mine 325 37.80960 107.55366 verified

Mastodon mine (Howardsville quadrangle) 326 37.80925 107.54527 verified

Queen of Maggie mine 327 37.81251 107.53838 verified

Intersection Mill 328 37.81326 107.53584 verified

288 Environmental Effects of Historical Mining, Animas River Watershed, Colorado
Mine Inventory and Mine-Adit Chemistry Data 289

Table 1. Mines, mills, large mill-tailings deposits, and smelter sites listed by AML_MINE_ID number.—Continued

Name AMLI_MINE_ID Latitude Longitude Location verified

Iron Mask mine 329 37.81321 107.53572 verified

Rolling Mountain mine 330 37.77659 107.82640 verified

Big Three mine 331 37.77999 107.82088 verified

Bandora mine 332 37.78699 107.80130 verified

Putnam Basin mine 333 37.77791 107.74216 verified

Deadwood Gulch mine 334 37.78238 107.69139 verified

Champion mine, #3 level 335 37.78824 107.67347 verified

Champion mine, #4 level 336 37.78940 107.67179 verified

Alletha mine 337 37.78584 107.67067 verified

Turk tunnel 338 37.78031 107.66935 verified

Pittsburg tunnel, Champion mine 339 37.78993 107.66945 verified

Fairview mine 340 37.78844 107.66935 verified

King tunnel 341 37.77972 107.66627 verified

Titusville mine 342 37.78552 107.61939 verified

Silver Lake mine, #1 level 343 37.79200 107.60969 verified

Buckeye mine 344 37.78338 107.60857 verified

Iowa mine 345 37.78979 107.60784 verified

Melville mine 346 37.78925 107.60772 verified

Silver Lake Mill #1 347 37.79164 107.60714 verified

Royal Tiger mine 348 37.78824 107.60337 verified

Terrible mine 349 37.79769 107.60021 verified

North Star (Solomon) mine, #4 level (S-D 1700 level) 350 37.79888 107.59865 verified

North Star (Solomon) mine, #5 level 351 37.79674 107.59661 verified

Dives mine 352 37.79426 107.59394 verified

Spotted Pup tunnel 353 37.79330 107.59080 verified

Shenandoah tunnel 354 37.79144 107.58945 verified

Shenandoah-Dives mine, 900 level 355 37.79381 107.58910 verified

Mountaineer mine (Highland Mary, #1 level) 356 37.78402 107.58428 verified

Trilby tunnel 357 37.78940 107.58431 verified

Bradley tunnel 358 37.78543 107.58182 verified

Highland Mary, #7 level 359 37.78263 107.58064 verified

Innis tunnel (Highland Mary, #8 level) 360 37.78759 107.57857 verified

Highland Mary Mill tailings 361 37.78940 107.57813 verified

Molas group 362 37.76248 107.67508 verified

Mabel group 363 37.76313 107.63738 verified

Montana mine 364 37.76889 107.62659 verified

Little Ray mine 365 37.77198 107.62476 verified

Upper Aspen mine 500 37.81618 107.62341 verified

Thunder tunnel 501 37.78637 107.66888 verified

Highland Mary Mill 502 37.78740 107.57761 verified

Sioux City 503 37.89963 107.54390 verified

Ransom mine 504 37.88275 107.57682 verified

Henrietta mine, #8 level 505 37.89174 107.68185 verified

Henrietta mine, #9 level 506 37.88954 107.67850 verified
Table 1. Mines, mills, large mill-tailings deposits, and smelter sites listed by AML_MINE_ID number.—Continued

Name AMLI_MINE_ID Latitude Longitude Location verified

Mayflower Mill tailings repository # 1 507 37.82761 107.63177 verified

Mayflower Mill tailings repository # 2 508 37.82624 107.63609 verified

Mayflower Mill tailings repository # 3 509 37.82400 107.63794 verified

Mayflower Mill tailings repository # 4 510 37.82040 107.64553 verified

Mine with unknown name 511 37.85992 107.68346 verified

Name AMLI_MINE_ID Synonyms Reference

Adams mine 100

Adelphin mine 112

Adit with unknown name 21

Adit with unknown name 68

Ajax tunnel 271 Montezuma, Boston tunnel

Alletha mine 337 Alethea group MAS

American tunnel, Sunnyside mine 96 Gold King Mill-level tunnel

Amy tunnel 217

Anglo Saxon mine 183

Anglo Saxon mine, upper level 182

Antiperiodic mine 249

Argentine tunnel 301 Iowa tunnel

Aspen mine 218

Auburn tunnel 190 Auburn group MAS

Avalanche mine 149

Bandora mine 332

Bavarian mine 119

Belcher mine 258

Belle Creole mine 115

Ben Butler mine 9

Ben Franklin mine 118

Ben Franklin prospect 117

Benitoite mine 110

Big Colorado mine 150

Big Giant mine 308

Big Ten mine 250

Big Three mine 331

Black Diamond mine 209

Black Hawk mine 155

Black Prince tunnel 305

Blair Mountain tunnel 216

Blanchard placer 262

Blue Jay mine 269

Bonner mine 172

Boston mine 3

Bradley Pit 74

Bradley tunnel 358

Brenneman mine 39

Table 2. Mine sites listed alphabetically.

[Numbers refer to locations in figures 2–4; synonyms where referenced are from the data tables in Wilson (2003), MAS data from the former U.S. Bureau 

of Mines, and MRDS data from the U.S. Geological Survey (McFaul and others, 2000); S-D, Shenandoah-Dives]

290 Environmental Effects of Historical Mining, Animas River Watershed, Colorado
Mine Inventory and Mine-Adit Chemistry Data 291

Name AMLI_MINE_ID Synonyms Reference

Brobdignad mine 176 Bobdignad mine Munson (1889)

Brooklyn mine 141

Buckeye mine 344

Buffalo Boy mine 325 

Burbank mine 207

Burns group 92

Burrows mine 16

Caledonia mine 198 Caldonian mine MAS

Carbon Lake mine 80

Champion mine, #3 level 335 Mystery Gold group

Champion mine, #4 level 336

Chattanooga Curve mine 135

Clara mine 284

Clipper mine 114

Columbia mine 37

Columbine mine 260

Columbus mine 23

Coming Wonder 211 Emerald mine

Compromise tunnel 320 

Congress mine 79

Copper Gulch mine 256

Corkscrew Pass mine 29

Custer mine 50

Deadwood Gulch mine 334

Dewey mine 200

Dewitt mine 4

Diamond mine (Ophir quadrangle) 253

Diamond mine (Silverton quadrangle) 278

Dives mine 352

Eagle Chief mine 14

Early Bird crosscut 8 Paris mine

Elk tunnel 147

Emma mine 244 Oregon and Galena mine MAS

Empire tunnel 276 Little Dora, Hercules mine

Ensle tunnel 208

Esmeralda mine, lower level 202

Esmeralda mine, upper level 203

Eveline mine 91 

Evening Star mine 58

Ezra R mine 298

Fairview mine 340

Ferricrete mine 137

Forest Queen mine 195

Freda mine 170

Fredericka group 127

Frisco tunnel 19

Galena Mountain group 313

Galena Queen mine 82

Galty Boy mine 90 Galtie Boy, Hercules mine MAS and MRDS

Gary Owen mine 248 Gary Owens mine MAS

George Washington mine 40

Table 2. Mine sites listed alphabetically.—Continued
Name AMLI_MINE_ID Synonyms Reference

Gladstone mine 272

Gold Finch group 140

Gold King mine, #1 level 111

Gold King mine, #7 level 103

Gold King mine, Paul level 109

Gold King mine, Sampson level 104

Gold King mine, upper Sampson level 105

Gold Lake mine 311 McMillan mine

Gold Nugget mine 199

Gold Prince mine 49 Sunnyside Extension, Mastedon mine MRDS

Golden Fleece mine 60

Golden Gate mine 204

Grand Mogul 35

Grand Mogul Stope Complex 33

Grey Eagle mine 295

Great Eastern 128 Sioux City MRDS

Green Mountain mine, lower level 315

Green Mountain mine, middle level 317

Green Mountain mine, upper level 321 Philadelphia mine 

Hamlet mine 193

Happy Jack mine 291

Hemetite mine 235

Henrietta mine, #3 level 84

Henrietta mine, #7 level 85 Mineral King

Henrietta mine, #8 level 505

Henrietta mine, #9 level 506

Hercules mine 83

Hermes group 11

Hidden Treasure mine 230

Highland Mary, #7 level 359

Hoosier Boy mine 146

Idaho mine 283

Ideal placer 279

Imogene mine 136

Independence mine (Handies Peak quadrangle) 48

Independence mine (Silverton quadrangle) 171

Indian Chief mine 45

Innis tunnel 360 Highland Mary, #8 level

Iowa mine 345

Irene mine 178

Iron Mask mine 329

Jenny Parker mine 274 Jennie Parker mine MAS

Jess mine 302 Peerless mine

Joe and Johns mine 87

Joseph Neff mine 226

JSP mine 81

Junction mine 76

Kansas City mine, #1 level 145 

Kendall Lode 281

King mine 152

Table 2. Mine sites listed alphabetically.—Continued

292 Environmental Effects of Historical Mining, Animas River Watershed, Colorado
Mine Inventory and Mine-Adit Chemistry Data 293

Name AMLI_MINE_ID Synonyms Reference

King Solomon mine 306

King tunnel 341

Kinney tunnel 255

Kittimack mine 201 Kittimac mine MRDS

Klondyke mine 130

Koehler tunnel 75

Lackawanna mine 288

Lake mine 43

Lake Parson mine 121

Lamont mine 187

Lark mine 86

Last Chance mine 289

Last Chance tunnel 300

Lawrence tunnel 314 Osceola mine

Lead Carbonate mine 106

Legal Tender mine (Howardsville quadrangle) 189

Legal Tender mine (Silverton quadrangle) 220

Liberty Bond Creek mine 175

Little Casino mine 212

Little Chief mine 5

Little Dora mine 273

Little Fanney mine 322

Little Giant mine 303

Little Ida mine 15

Little Maud mine 252 Little Maude mine MAS

Little Nation mine 228 Royal Charter mine MRDS

Little Ray mine 365

London mine 7

Longfellow mine 77

Lower Browns Gulch mine 139

Lower Bullion King mine 70

Lower Great Eastern 129

Lower Porphyry Gulch mine 72

Lower Ross Basin mine 36

Lucky Jack mine 13

Lucy mine 254 Last Hope mine MRDS

Mabel group 363 Maybell Munson (1889)

Magnet mine 174

Mammoth tunnel 148

Marcella mine 280 Marcello mine MRDS

Mastodon mine (Handies Peak quadrangle) 47

Mastodon mine (Howardsville quadrangle) 326

May Day mine 181 Mayday

Mayflower mine 304 S-D mine, main level

Melville mine 346

Midway tunnel 159

Mighty Monarch mine 285

Mine with unknown name (Silverton quadrangle) 511

Mineral Basin mine 71

Minnehaha mine 107

Table 2. Mine sites listed alphabetically.—Continued
Name AMLI_MINE_ID Synonyms Reference

Minnesota Gulch mine 144

Mocking Bird mine 108

Mogul mine 31

Mogul North mine 32

Mogul South mine 30

Molas group 362 Ione mine, Molas mine MRDS

Molly group 210

Molly Gulch mine 173

Monarch 180

Montana mine 364

Moonbeam mine 160

Mountain Queen mine 41

Mountain Queen tunnel 42

Mountaineer mine 356 Lookout mine, Old Highland Mary mine, 

#1 level

Natalie/Occidental mine 153 Silver Ledge mine

Nevada mine, lower level 293

Nevada mine, upper level 292

New York mine 296

North Star (Solomon) mine, #4 level (S-D 1700 level) 350 King Soloman mine

North Star (Solomon) mine, #5 level 351 King Soloman mine

North Star (Sultan), #4 level 259 Sultan mine

North Star (Sultan), #6 level 261 Sultan mine

North Star (Sultan), #7 level 263 Sultan mine

Occident tunnel 197

Occidental mine 154

Old Abe mine 324

Old Hundred mine, #2 level 241

Old Hundred mine, #5 level 243 Old Hundred mine, 2600 level

Old Hundred mine, #7 level (new) 245

Old Hundred mine, #7 level (old) 246

Old Hundred mine, Mill-level tunnel (3200 level) 239

Omaha mine 179

Oyama tunnel 323

Paradise mine 168 Governor mine, Paradise portal

Pittsburg tunnel, Champion mine 339

Potomac mine 312

Prairie mine 10

Pride of Bonita mine 101

Pride of the West mine (#1 level) 319

Progressive mine 232

Protection mine 167

Putnam Basin mine 333

Queen Anne mine 34

Queen of Maggie mine 327

Ransom mine 504

Ransom mine, upper level 161

Red and Bonita mine 99

Red Cloud mine 1

Ricker tunnel 270

Ridgeway mine 251

Table 2. Mine sites listed alphabetically.—Continued

294 Environmental Effects of Historical Mining, Animas River Watershed, Colorado
Mine Inventory and Mine-Adit Chemistry Data 295

Name AMLI_MINE_ID Synonyms Reference

Riverside mine 12

Rolling Mountain mine 330

Royal Tiger mine 348

Ruby mine 196

Ruby Trust 169

Salomon group 102

San Juan Queen mine 61

Sandiago tunnel 62

Scotia mine 59

Scranton City mine 290

Senator mine 163

Sewell mine 2

Shenandoah tunnel 354

Shenandoah-Dives mine, 900 level 355

Silver Bell mine 126

Silver Chord mine 44

Silver Cloud mine 132

Silver Coin mine 22

Silver Crown mine 133

Silver King mine 134

Silver Lake mine, #1 level 343

Silver Ledge mine 73

Silver Queen mine 53

Silver Wing mine 125

Silverheel mine 257

Sioux City 503

Smuggler mine 236

Sound Democrat mine 54

South Fork mine #16 156

South Fork mine #17 157

Spotted Pup tunnel 353 S-D mine, 1100 level, 

Dives-Shenandoah mine

St. Paul mine 78

Sultan tunnel 266 

Sunbank group, lower level 57

Sunbank group, upper level 56

Sunnyside “Mill-level tunnel” 162

Sunnyside Extension 46

Sunnyside mine 116

Terrible mine 349

Terry tunnel of Sunnyside mine, F level 120

Thunder tunnel 501

Titusville mine 342

Toltec mine, lower level 67

Toltec mine, middle level 65

Toltec mine, upper level 64

Tom Moore #1, 2 123

Tom Moore tunnel 122

Trilby tunnel 357

Turk tunnel 338 King mine

U.S. Basin mine 143

Table 2. Mine sites listed alphabetically.—Continued
Name AMLI_MINE_ID Synonyms Reference

Uncle Sam mine 188

Uncompahgre Chief mine 6

Union tunnel 229 Silver Star mine

Unity tunnel level of Silver Lake mine 294

Upper Aspen mine 500

Upper Browns Gulch 142

Upper Bullion King 69

Upper Joe and Johns mine 89

Upper Mill Creek mine 131

Upper Queen Anne mine 38

Valley Forge mine 223

Vermillion mine 17

Vermillion tunnel 18

Veta Madre tunnel 247 Neigold mine

Victoria mine 268

Waco mine 206

Webster mine 88

Yukon tunnel 186 Gold Hub, Ariadne MRDS

Zuni mine 177 

Table 2. Mine sites listed alphabetically.—Continued

Name AMLI_MINE_ID

Mills

Bagley Mill (Frisco) 20

Big Giant Mill 307

Boston & Silverton Mill 185

Columbus Mill 24

Contention Mill (Arpad/North Star [#2]) 225

Gold King Mill 94

Gold Prince Mill 27

Green Mountain Mill 240

Hamlet Mill 191

Hanson Mill (Sunnyside Extension Mill) 51

Hercules Mill (Empire) 277

Highland Mary Mill 502

Ice Lake Mill 205

Intersection Mill 328

Iowa Mill 297

Kittimack Mill 194

Lackawanna Mill 287

Lead Carbonate Mill 95

Little Giant Mill 299

Little Nation Mill 231

Mastodon Mill 52

Mayflower Mill (Shenandoah Dives Mill) 221

Table 3. Mills, large mill-tailings deposits, and smelter sites1.

[Numbers refer to locations in figure 5; some mills located at the same sites were not originally 

numbered; we have added numbers in brackets for clarity]

296 Environmental Effects of Historical Mining, Animas River Watershed, Colorado
Mine Inventory and Mine-Adit Chemistry Data 297

Name AMLI_MINE_ID

Mills—Continued

Mears-Wilfley Mill 222

Mogul Mill 93

Natalie/Occidental Mill 151

North Star (Sultan) Mill 264

North Star Mill #1 309

Old Hundred Mill 238

Pride of the West Mill [#1] 318

Pride of the West Mill [#2] 227

Pride of the West Mill [#3] 316

Pride of the West Mill [#4] (Dixilyn, P&G, 

Howardsville, Silver Wing)

233

Red and Bonita Mill 97

Silver Lake Mill #1 347

Silver Lake Mill #2 219

Silver Ledge Mill 138

Silver Wing Mill 124

Sound Democrat Mill 55

Sunnyside Eureka Mill 164

Sunnyside Mill #1 158

Sunnyside Mill #2 165

Sunnyside-Thompson Mill 113

Treasure Mountain Mill 63

Vertex Mill 242

Victoria Mill 267

Ward and Shepard Mill 224

William Crooke Mill 215

Yukon Mill 184

Mill-tailings deposits

Highland Mary Mill tailings 361

Kittimack tailings 192

Lackawanna tailings (removed) 286

Mayflower Mill tailings repository # 1 507

Mayflower Mill tailings repository # 2 508

Mayflower Mill tailings repository # 3 509

Mayflower Mill tailings repository # 4 510

North Star Mill tailings 310

Old Hundred Mill tailings 237

Pride of the West Mill tailings 234

Smelters

Animas Forks Smelter 26

Brown, Epley & Co. Smelter 28

Eclipse Smelter 66

Greene Smelter 214

Kendrick-Gelder Smelter (Ross) 213

Martha Rose Smelter 275

Rough & Ready Smelter 282

Winspear Smelter 166

1

Additional data on mills and smelters are in Jones (this volume).

Table 3. Mills, large mill-tailings deposits, and smelter sites1.—Continued
AMLI_MINE_ID NAME Ref. No. 

shafts

No. 

adits

No. of 

flowing 

adits

Adit 

drainage 

flows over 

mine waste 

dump

Kill 

zone

Volume of 

mine waste

yd3

Size of 

disturbed 

area

m2

Distance 

to stream

m

100 Adams mine 2 0 1 0 no yes 800 1,000 320

271 Ajax tunnel 5 yes no

217 Amy tunnel 4 0 1 1 yes no 20,000

183 Anglo Saxon mine 2 0 1 1 yes no 2,200 870 50

249 Antiperiodic mine 4 0 2 0 no no 2,900 in stream

301 Argentine tunnel 4 0 1 1 

218 Aspen mine 4 0 5? 1 2,700

190 Auburn tunnel 4 0 1 1 yes no 3,100 1,100 340

332 Bandora mine 1 9 4 yes yes 5,500 5,700 97

119 Bavarian mine 4 0 1 1 yes no 2,100 300 180

9 Ben Butler mine 3 2 0 0 no yes 400–600 1,400 410

118 Ben Franklin mine 4 1 1 0 no yes 500 1,500 in stream

117 Ben Franklin prospect 4 0 1 1 yes no 250 290 140

150 Big Colorado mine 2 0 1 1 no no 27,000 2,100 45

155 Black Hawk mine 2 0 2 2 yes no 12,000 610 67

305 Black Prince tunnel 4 0 1 1 yes no 770 42

216 Blair Mountain tunnel 4 0 1 1 

172 Bonner mine 1 5 2 yes yes 24,500 3,300 in stream

3 Boston mine 3 1 1 0 yes yes 900 2,700 180

358 Bradley tunnel 4 0 1 1 yes yes 3,900 in stream

39 Brenneman mine 2 2 0 0 no yes 1,800

141 Brooklyn mine 1 1 1 yes yes 15,000 50 260

325 Buffalo Boy mine 4 0 1 1 yes yes 7,000 2,400 in stream

207 Burbank mine 5 yes yes 2,200 in stream

16 Burrows mine 3 1 2 2 yes yes 3,400 850

198 Caledonia mine 4 0 3 0 no no 2,300 480

80 Carbon Lake mine 1 3 0 no yes 4,000

335 Champion mine, #3 level 4 0 1 1

336 Champion mine 4 0 1 1 1,500 270

114 Clipper mine 4 1 1 0 no yes 1,100 370 190

37 Columbia mine 2 5 1 0 yes yes 6,500

24 Columbus Mill 3

23 Columbus mine 3 0 1 1 yes yes 24,000 2,500 39

320 Compromise tunnel 5 0 1 0 no no 3,900 28

79 Congress mine 5 1 no yes 1,400 19

29 Corkscrew Pass mine 2 0 1 0 no no 1,300 100

14 Eagle Chief mine 3 0 1 0 no yes 1,500 280 100

8 Early Bird crosscut 3 0 2 1 yes 2,900 1,700 160

66 Eclipse Smelter 5 0 0 0 no 300

147 Elk tunnel 2 0 1 1 yes no 1,100 650 50

244 Emma mine 4 0 1 1 

276 Empire tunnel 5 yes no

202 Esmeralda mine, lower level 4 0 1 1 

203 Esmeralda mine, upper level 4 0 1 0 

91 Eveline mine 2 0 1 1 yes no 250 215

298 Ezra R mine 4 0 1 1 yes 

137 Ferricrete mine 1 0 1 1 

19 Frisco tunnel 3 0 1 1 no yes 20,500

82 Galena Queen mine 2 1 0 0 no yes 7,200 4,400 in stream

90 Galty Boy mine 2 0 1 0 no no 1,000 680 566

248 Gary Owen mine 4 0 1 0 no no 

Table 4. Physical parameters that may contribute to the environmental effect of historical mines.

[Volume of mine waste estimated in cubic yards, yd3; size, distance originally in feet, converted to meters, m, or square meters, m2; Ref.=footnote; blank, no data]

298 Environmental Effects of Historical Mining, Animas River Watershed, Colorado
Mine Inventory and Mine-Adit Chemistry Data 299

AMLI_MINE_ID NAME Ref. No. 

shafts

No. 

adits

No. of 

flowing 

adits

Adit 

drainage 

flows over 

mine waste 

dump

Kill 

zone

Volume of 

mine waste

yd3

Size of 

disturbed 

area

m2

Distance 

to stream

m

272 Gladstone mine 5 no yes 3,500 340

103 Gold King mine, #7 level 5 no no small in stream

60 Golden Fleece mine 3 0 1 1 yes yes 6,500 4,100

35 Grand Mogul 2 0 1 1 yes yes 9,000 2,200 45

33 Grand Mogul Stope Complex 2 0 1 0 no yes 8,000 1,400 26

240 Green Mountain Mill (Buffalo 

Boy tailings)

4 no no 400 1,500 71

315 Green Mountain mine, 

lower level

4 0 2 1 yes no 3,300 115

193 Hamlet mine 4 0 6 1 yes no 10,700 2,000

84 Henrietta mine, #3 level 2 0 1 0 yes yes <2,000 3,500 500

85 Henrietta mine, #7 level 2 0 1 1 yes yes 30,000 4,800 in stream

505 Henrietta mine, #8 level 2 0 1 1 no yes 5,600 in stream

506 Henrietta mine, #9 level 2 0 1 0 700

83 Hercules mine 2 1 0 0 no yes 4,680 3,500 in stream

11 Hermes Group 5 0 2 0 no yes 1,300

230 Hidden Treasure mine 4 0 1 1 yes no 

359 Highland Mary mine, 

#7 level

5 no no 1,900 18

361 Highland Mary Mill tailings 4 no no 35,000 5,800 in stream

283 Idaho mine 4 0 1 1 no no 1,400

136 Imogene mine 1 1 1 yes yes 520 in stream

171 Independence mine (Silverton 

quadrangle)

5 yes no 470 in stream

45 Indian Chief mine 3 0 2 1 yes yes 400 860

360 Innis tunnel 4 0 1 1 yes no

297 Iowa Mill 4 no no 500

345 Iowa mine, A-level 4 0 4 2 yes no 27,000 18,000 70

329 Iron Mask mine 4 1 1 0 720 in stream

274 Jenny Parker mine 5 no no 1,500 365

302 Jess mine 4 0 1 1 

87 Joe and Johns mine 2 0 1 1 no yes 1,040 110

226 Joseph Neff mine 4 0 1 1 

81 JSP mine 2 0 1 0 no yes 300

145 Kansas City mine, # 1 level 2 0 5 2 yes yes 8,500 2,000 180

306 King Solomon mine 4 0 1 1 no no 950 130

201 Kittimack mine 4 0 many 1 yes no 7,850 1,200 210

192 Kittimack tailings 4 no no 23,000 35,000 67

75 Koehler tunnel 1 3 1 no,

piped

yes 15,000

to repository

86 Lark mine 2 0 1 1 no no 3,500 2,660 216

289 Last Chance mine 4 0 1 1 yes no 500

106 Lead Carbonate mine 2 0 many 0 no yes 3,500 2,500 in stream

189 Legal Tender mine 

(Howardsville 

quadrangle)

4 0 2 2 yes no 1,700

212 Little Casino mine 4 0 1 1 yes no 430 >1,000

5 Little Chief mine 3 0 1 1 yes yes 700

15 Little Ida mine 3 0 6 4 yes yes 1,100

252 Little Maud mine 4 0 1 1 

228 Little Nation mine 4 0 3 1 

Table 4. Physical parameters that may contribute to the environmental effect of historical mines.—Continued
AMLI_MINE_ID NAME Ref. No. 

shafts

No. 

adits

No. of 

flowing 

adits

Adit 

drainage 

flows over 

mine waste 

dump

Kill 

zone

Volume of 

mine waste

yd3

Size of 

disturbed 

area

m2

Distance 

to stream

m

7 London mine 3 1 4 3 yes yes 3,300 2,700 in stream

77 Longfellow mine 1 1 2 yes yes 5,500

70 Lower Bullion King 5 no yes 3,500 in stream

129 Lower Great Eastern 5 3 no no 5,000

36 Lower Ross Basin mine 2 0 1 0 no yes 900

13 Lucky Jack mine 3 2 2 1 yes yes 2,800 2,800 in stream

148 Mammoth tunnel 2 0 1 1 no no <100 590 100

280 Marcella mine 5 1 1

221 Mayflower Mill (S-D Mill) 5 no yes 750

159 Midway mine 5 0 1 1 yes no 5,900 40

285 Mighty Monarch mine 4 0 1 1

31 Mogul mine 2 1 1 1 yes yes 25,000 4,700 63

32 Mogul North mine 2 0 1 0 no no 400 310 19

30 Mogul South mine 2 0 1 1 no no 800 380 86

180 Monarch 2 0 1 1 yes no 1,200 in stream

160 Moonbeam mine 4 0 1 1 yes no 1,000 small

41 Mountain Queen mine 3 1 0 0 no yes 1,900 2,200 576

42 Mountain Queen tunnel 3 0 1 1 yes yes 3,200 215

153 Natalie/Occidental mine 2 0 1 1 yes yes 6,800 1,500 in stream

310 North Star Mill tailings 5 no no

259 North Star mine, #4 level 

(Sultan)

1 4 0 no

261 North Star mine, #6 level 

(Sultan)

1 1 0 no no 3,500 7,100 237

263 North Star mine, #7 level 

(Sultan)

1 1 1 no yes 40,000 15,000 in stream

154 Occidental mine 2 0 1 0 no no 1,000 920 in stream

237 Old Hundred Mill tailings 5 no no 400 2,000 in stream

239 Old Hundred mine, Mill-level 

tunnel

4 many 1 400

323 Oyama tunnel 4 0 1 1 no no

168 Paradise mine 1 4 4 yes yes 700

182 Porcupine Gulch adit (sublevel, 

Anglo Saxon mine)

2 0 1 1 no no 1,600

10 Prairie mine 3 0 1 1 600

227 Pride of the West Mill [#2] 4 no no 1,200

233 Pride of the West 

Mill [#4] (Dixilyn, P&G, 

Howardsville, Silver Wing)

4 large, 

permitted

319 Pride of the West mine 4 0 1 1

232 Progressive mine 4 0 1 1 yes no 3,000

167 Protection mine 3 0 1 0 no no 20,000 2,200 210

34 Queen Anne mine 2 0 1 1 yes no 5,000 380 86

327 Queen of Maggie mine 4 0 1 1

504 Ransom mine 4 1 1

99 Red and Bonita mine 2 0 2 1 no yes 6,000 1,100 200

1 Red Cloud mine 3 4 1 0 no yes 3,000 630 310

270 Ricker tunnel 5 no yes 1,100 330

251 Ridgeway mine 5 0 1 1

12 Riverside mine 3 0 1 1 yes yes <100

348 Royal Tiger mine 4 0 3 1 yes yes 18,000 7,300 in stream

169 Ruby Trust 1 1 1 yes yes 5,000–6,000

62 Sandiago tunnel 3 0 1 1 no no 9,000 2,100

Table 4. Physical parameters that may contribute to the environmental effect of historical mines.—Continued

300 Environmental Effects of Historical Mining, Animas River Watershed, Colorado
Mine Inventory and Mine-Adit Chemistry Data 301

AMLI_MINE_ID NAME Ref. No. 

shafts

No. 

adits

No. of 

flowing 

adits

Adit 

drainage 

flows over 

mine waste 

dump

Kill 

zone

Volume of 

mine waste

yd3

Size of 

disturbed 

area

m2

Distance 

to stream

m

163 Senator mine 3 0 1 1 yes no 4,000 440 190

355 Shenandoah-Dives mine, 

900 level

4 01 1 0

126 Silver Bell mine 3 0 1 0 no yes 1,900 250 80

133 Silver Crown mine 5 no no

347 Silver Lake Mill #1 4 no no 50,000 11,000

343 Silver Lake mine, #1 level 4 01 0

53 Silver Queen mine 3 1 2 2 yes yes 15,000 375

125 Silver Wing mine 3 0 1 1 no yes 10,000 4,900

503 Sioux City 3 04 0 no 5,000 1,600 122

236 Smuggler mine 4 0 1 1

54 Sound Democrat mine 3 0 2 1 yes yes 14,000 590 220

156 South Fork mine #16 5 0 1 1 yes yes 2,000

157 South Fork mine #17 5 0 1 1 yes yes 400

353 Spotted Pup tunnel 5 no no 400 >1,000

164 Sunnyside Eureka Mill 4 12,000 3,500 in stream

165 Sunnyside Mill #2 5 no yes 

116 Sunnyside mine 4 1 0 0 no no 60,000 10,000 333

67 Toltec mine, lower level 3 0 1 1 yes no 3,800 530 19

123 Tom Moore mine 3 0 1 1 yes no 4,000 750 in stream

21 unnamed adit 3 1 2 0 no yes 1,200

229 Union tunnel 4 01 1

294 Unity tunnel, Silver Lake mine 4 0 2 0 yes no 35,000 900 in stream

142 Upper Browns Gulch 1 11 yes yes 

69 Upper Bullion King 5 no no 330 1

89 Upper Joe and Johns mine 2 0 1 0 no yes <100 470

38 Upper Queen Anne mine 2 01 0 900 500 560

223 Valley Forge mine 4 01 1

17 Vermillion mine 3 0 1 1 yes yes 5,100 1,100 in stream

18 Vermillion tunnel 3 0 1 1 yes no 10,800 2,700

186 Yukon tunnel 2 0 1 1 yes yes 18,000 6,200 in stream

1

Ref.: Unpub. Mineral Creek feasibility investigation report, (CDMG, 1997); Unpub. abandoned mine land inventory report, San Juan Forest, Columbine 

district, CGS, 1997.

2

Ref.: Unpub. Cement Creek reclamation feasibility report, CDMG, 1998.

3

Ref.: Unpub. Upper Animas River reclamation feasibility report, CDMG, 1999.

4

Ref.: Unpub. Lower Animas River reclamation feasibility report, CDMG, 2000.

5

Ref.: Unpub. report to Colorado Water Quality Control Commission, ARSG, 2001.

Table 4. Physical parameters that may contribute to the environmental effect of historical mines.—Continued
Table 5. Adit chemistry determined at low flow for selected sites sampled by State of Colorado.

[Adit flow in cubic feet/second, ft3/s; all samples were filtered at 0.45 micrometers, concentrations expressed in milligrams per liter, mg/L; or in micrograms per liter, μg/L; n.d., not detected; all methods and 

data are in the database (Sole and others, this volume). “Reference” column refers to the footnote number]

AMLI_MINE_ID Name Date Sample designation Reference Discharge ft3/s pH Specific conductance μS/cm Sulfate mg/L Na mg/L

K

mg/L

Mg

mg/L

Ca

mg/L

Al

μg/L

Fe

μg/L

Mn

μg/L

Cu

μg/L

Ni

μg/L

Zn

μg/L

Cd

μg/L

Pb

μg/L

5 Little Chief mine 9/1/97 DM3 3 0.005 3.5 330 150 0.30 n.d. 2.7 20 7,700 4,300 7,500 180 13 4,800 26 4.57 London mine, w 9/1/97 DM5 3 0.0003 6.4 67 12 0.69 n.d. 0.6 13 n.d. 8.0 1.0 4.0 n.d. 26 n.d. n.d.7 London mine, n 9/1/97 DM6 3 0.0003 6.3 640 78 1.2 n.d. 1.3 18 440 1,900 1,200 120 n.d. 6,000 26 1207 London mine, main 9/1/97 DM7 3 0.002 6.3 460 160 5.6 n.d. 4.3 63 n.d. 740 1,700 13 n.d. 9,800 64 n.d.8 Early Bird Crosscut 

(Paris)

9/1/97 DM4 3 0.0003 3.6 380 170 0.32 2.3 6.8 33 6,100 2,900 6,700 260 23 2,300 19 78

10 Prairie mine 9/1/97 DM8 3 0.001 6.9 270 57 2.8 n.d. 3.0 43 n.d. 6.0 87 n.d. n.d. 950 4.5 n.d.12 Riverside mine 9/1/97 DM9 3 0.0003 7.1 80 12 0.55 n.d. 1.7 14 n.d. 41 110 n.d. n.d. 79 n.d. 1313 Lucky Jack mine 9/1/97 DM2 3 0.101 5.1 81 32 0.84 n.d. 1.3 10 260 190 120 19 n.d. 920 3.8 23015 Little Ida mine, s 9/1/97 DM14 3 0.004 7.2 99 27 0.78 n.d. 1.0 17 97 15 140 26 n.d. 780 3.9 3616 Burrows mine, w 9/1/97 DM15 3 0.002 5.7 120 44 0.48 n.d. 1.3 13 500 7.0 860 67 n.d. 5,700 24 54016 Burrows mine, e 9/1/97 DM16 3 0.003 5.4 170 57 1.0 n.d. 1.6 25 40 n.d. 350 12 n.d. 6,900 20 n.d.17 Vermillion mine 9/1/97 DM17 3 0.016 3.1 1,000 250 0.32 n.d. 1.8 23 3,100 21,000 7,300 1,300 n.d. 52,000 210 1,60018 Vermillion tunnel 9/1/97 DM18 3 0.24 6.3 570 160 4.0 n.d. 5.4 91 n.d. 18 1,200 n.d. n.d. 1,000 3.3 1.119 Frisco tunnel 9/1/97 DM19 3 0.15 6.4 650 260 4.8 2.1 7.6 120 140 210 7,600 n.d. n.d. 3,700 11 n.d.23 Columbus mine 9/1/97 DM20 3 0.003 3.3 1,600 1,400 0.93 n.d. 9.5 30 19,000 77,000 14,000 7,700 75 250,000 1,000 35031 Mogul mine 10/1/96 SO5 2 0.02 2.9 1,100 450 3.3 1.0 4.2 84 5,000 48,000 9,700 6,500 21 29,000 160 18034 Queen Anne mine 10/1/96 SO1 2 0.05 6.4 300 97 1.0 n.d. 2.8 41 100 120 1,200 84 n.d. 2,200 9.1 1.635 Grand Mogul mine 10/1/96 SO3 2 0.02 3.4 510 190 1.0 n.d. 7.9 21 10,000 730 7,100 2,600 12 17,000 88 3841 Mountain Queen mine 9/1/97 DM10 3 0.005 3.7 310 120 0.46 n.d. 1.7 15 4,000 9,100 4,100 2,300 n.d. 6,500 62 14045 Indian Chief mine 9/1/97 DM28 3 0.004 6.8 180 46 0.87 n.d. 1.8 35 n.d. 12 600 n.d. n.d. 220 1.0 2353 Silver Queen mine 9/1/97 DM25 3 0.0007 3.2 680 540 0.47 n.d. 4.0 55 1,400 15,000 72,000 2,300 21 8,400 28 36054 Sound Democrat mine 9/1/97 DM26 3 0.008 3.7 480 260 0.24 n.d. 6.6 59 1,500 260 46,000 280 17 9,400 22 15060 Golden Fleece mine 9/1/97 DM27 3 0.008 3.8 220 84 0.22 n.d. 1.8 18 1,800 1,300 7,000 41 n.d. 1,300 7.8 6967 Toltec mine, lower level 9/1/97 DM29 3 0.0015 8.1 340 84 5.1 n.d. 8.7 61 n.d. n.d. 33 4.0 n.d. 27 n.d. n.d.87 Joe and Johns mine 10/1/96 SO6 2 <0.002 2.7 1,400 330 0.28 n.d. 1.9 1.9 13,000 62,000 290 510 33 11,000 53 55091 Eveline mine 10/1/96 SO24 2 <0.002 3.4 470 170 2.3 n.d. 10.0 4.9 11,000 15,000 850 56 16 850 10 1.4

118 Ben Franklin mine 9/1/98 DM32 4 0.022 6.1 720 260 1.2 n.d. 15.0 81 140 64 88 n.d. n.d. 260 0.8 1.9119 Bavarian mine 9/1/98 DM33 4 0.001 3.3 500 88 0.38 n.d. 1.0 16 130 2,900 4,100 500 n.d. 2,300 5.4 430123 Tom Moore mine 9/1/97 DM22 3 0.072 7.3 350 89 2.4 n.d. 2.2 75 n.d. 14 540 n.d. n.d. 840 2.0 n.d.125 Silver Wing mine 9/1/97 DM21 3 0.037 6.5 380 270 3.8 n.d. 4.9 120 410 1,800 3,400 1,400 n.d. 3,900 15 n.d.133 Silver Crown mine 7/20/95 258/4194–

1.307

1 0.11 7.1 413 139 3.8 0.3 3.2 75 7.0 50 60 0.7 2.6 42 0.3 <0.2

136 Imogene mine 7/19/95 259/4193–

1.304

1 0.25 5.9 247 162 3.6 0.3 2.8 41 250 10,000 820 n.d. 2.1 100 n.d. 1.4

141 Brooklyn mine 7/18/95 261/4193–

1.306

1 0.045 3.2 1,006 526 1.2 0.5 15.0 84 2,300 38,000 >5,000 810 19 7,300 38 62

143 U.S. Basin mine 8/24/95 262/4195–

1.300

1 0.042 5.1 512 212 2.0 0.7 11.0 63 280 1,500 2,900 3.2 5.6 160 0.7 8.8

145 Kansas City # 1 mine 10/1/96 SO20 2 <0.002 3.0 1,400 600 1.0 n.d. 13.0 120 10,000 57,000 32,000 2,100 30 8,300 25 100147 Elk tunnel 10/1/96 SO19 2 0.38 7.0 1,500 740 7.9 n.d. 6.4 330 n.d. 3,500 1,700 n.d. n.d. 190 n.d. n.d.148 Mammoth tunnel 10/1/96 SO18 2 0.07 4.9 1,500 580 5.1 2.4 18.0 210 1,700 53,000 4,400 12 20 1,000 1.3 n.d.150 Big Colorado mine 10/1/96 SO17 2 0.04 4.6 820 450 3.9 2.8 13.0 110 6,800 75,000 2,200 15 37 1,100 4.8 n.d.153 Natalie/Occidental mine 10/1/96 SO13 2 0.89 6.3 1,000 540 3.7 n.d. 9.0 220 770 13,000 2,300 n.d. n.d. 710 2.1 n.d.155 Black Hawk mine 10/1/96 SO12 2 0.2 7.3 1,200 610 3.3 1.1 11.0 260 n.d. 50 2,500 n.d. 10 580 1.8 n.d.

302 Environmental Effects of Historical Mining, Animas River Watershed, Colorado
Mine Inventory and Mine-Adit Chemistry Data 303

Table 5. Adit chemistry determined at low flow for selected sites sampled by State of Colorado.—Continued

AMLI_MINE_ID Name Date Sample designation Reference Discharge ft3/s pH Specific conductance μS/cm Sulfate mg/L Na mg/L Kmg/L Mg mg/L Ca mg/L Al μg/L Fe μg/L Mn μg/L Cu μg/L Ni μg/L Zn μg/L Cd μg/L Pb μg/L

159 Midway tunnel 9/1/98 DM74 4 0.018 7.6 1,200 750 8.4 n.d. 6.6 260 56 n.d. 12 n.d. n.d. 35 n.d. n.d.160 Moonbeam mine 9/1/98 DM35 4 0.067 7.6 550 160 2.0 n.d. 3.7 90 n.d. 71 400 n.d. n.d. 360 0.7 1.7163 Senator mine 9/1/97 DM24 3 0.163 6.6 1,200 940 6.6 3.1 25.0 230 1,700 26,000 16,000 8.0 17 1,900 3.9 6.8183 Anglo Saxon mine 10/1/96 SO16 2 0.09 6.6 1,700 810 9.2 3.5 20.0 320 340 31,000 9,200 14 22 2,900 3.0 n.d.186 Yukon mine (Gold Hub) 10/1/96 SO14 2 1.21 7.1 950 500 5.7 n.d. 6.5 220 n.d. 1,100 1,000 n.d. n.d. 99 n.d. n.d.190 Auburn mine 9/1/98 DM36 4 0.243 7.7 950 320 3.5 n.d. 5.0 150 n.d. 160 270 n.d. n.d. 150 n.d. 2.0193 Hamlet mine 9/1/98 DM39 4 0.331 7.6 860 300 5.3 n.d. 8.2 150 n.d. 210 550 n.d. n.d. 100 n.d. n.d.203 Esmeralda mine 9/1/98 DM40 4 0.035 8.0 780 50 3.3 n.d. 3.2 41 n.d. n.d. 14 n.d. n.d. 8.0 n.d. n.d.208 Ensle tunnel 8/24/95 255/4189–

1.303

1 <0.002 2.9 470 145 0.30 0.3 2.3 15 3,100 18,000 380 46 4.2 1,500 7.9 12

212 Little Casino mine 

(Coming Wonder)

9/1/98 DM73 4 0.004 7.6 400 110 5.7 n.d. 11.0 64 n.d. 5.0 47 n.d. n.d. 460 0.8 n.d.

216 Blair Mtn. tunnel 9/1/98 DM65 4 0.06 7.0 850 440 5.0 n.d. 2.9 180 n.d. 620 360 8.0 n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d.218 Aspen mine 9/1/98 DM64 4 0.421 7.1 750 330 3.4 n.d. 2.5 150 n.d. n.d. 2.0 5.0 n.d. 590 3.6 n.d.223 Valley Forge mine 9/1/98 DM57 4 0.111 7.4 340 58 2.9 n.d. 3.9 51 n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. 7.0 n.d. n.d.226 Joseph Neff mine 9/1/98 DM75 4 0.013 5.5 500 250 6.1 n.d. 8.6 86 1,400 380 400 n.d. n.d. 79 n.d. n.d.228 Little Nation mine 9/1/98 DM56 4 0.137 7.0 580 240 3.7 n.d. 6.1 95 72 5,500 1,300 n.d. n.d. 510 1.0 1.4230 Hidden Treasure mine 9/1/98 DM44 4 0.008 6.8 300 140 4.5 n.d. 8.0 48 n.d. 3,200 1,400 n.d. n.d. 400 1.1 n.d.236 Smuggler mine 9/1/98 DM46 4 0.023 7.7 310 92 4.3 n.d. 5.4 57 n.d. 1,800 630 n.d. n.d. 15 n.d. n.d.239 Old Hundred mine 9/1/98 DM45 4 1.146 8.2 500 220 3.9 n.d. 3.4 110 n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. 83 0.7 0.7244 Emma mine 9/1/98 DM47 4 0.036 7.5 600 260 4.4 n.d. 6.9 130 n.d. 7.0 10 n.d. n.d. 29 n.d. n.d.285 Mighty Monarch mine 9/1/98 DM67 4 0.064 7.4 350 120 3.5 n.d. 4.5 63 n.d. 47 850 n.d. n.d. 500 1.6 n.d.289 Last Chance mine 9/1/98 DM66 4 0.277 7.4 290 96 3.0 n.d. 2.6 49 n.d. 250 410 n.d. n.d. 18 n.d. n.d.298 Ezra R mine 9/1/98 DM58 4 0.011 7.7 220 100 2.4 n.d. 0.8 60 n.d. n.d. 11 n.d. n.d. 64 n.d. n.d.301 Argentine tunnel 9/1/98 DM78 4 0.041 8.2 370 120 2.8 n.d. 2.0 66 n.d. n.d. 2.0 n.d. n.d. 34 n.d. n.d.302 Jess mine 9/1/98 DM77 4 0.006 7.9 380 130 2.5 n.d. 2.7 71 n.d. 59 200 n.d. n.d. 47 n.d. n.d.305 Black Prince mine 9/1/98 DM60 4 0.061 7.9 62 6.6 0.31 n.d. 0.4 16 n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. 14 n.d. n.d.306 King Solomon mine 9/1/98 DM59 4 0.001 7.7 98 26 1.0 n.d. 1.2 26 n.d. 14 5.0 24 n.d. 180 1.0 3.8315 Green Mtn. mine 9/1/98 DM52 4 0.008 8.3 240 48 2.1 n.d. 2.4 47 n.d. 5.0 4.0 7.8 n.d. 940 5.7 13319 Pride of the West mine 9/1/98 DM51 4 0.227 8.6 350 48 1.7 n.d. 5.2 75 n.d. n.d. 230 13 n.d. 1,200 6.3 2.8323 Oyama tunnel 9/1/98 DM49 4 0.072 7.7 390 220 12.0 2.2 12.0 98 n.d. 210 870 n.d. n.d. 21 n.d. n.d.327 Queen of Maggie mine 9/1/98 DM71 4 0.007 4.6 230 58 2.9 4.1 11.0 34 n.d. 1,200 20 n.d. n.d. 59 0.7 n.d.332 Bandora mine 7/19/95 235/4185–

1.3000

1 0.071 6.2 32 290 2.1 0.3 7.1 90 25 11,000 >5,000 140 23 16,000 88 <0.2

345 Iowa mine 9/1/98 DM62 4 0.001 7.3 41 13 0.18 n.d. 0.5 6.7 n.d. n.d. 13 22 n.d. 880 6.1 18345 South Iowa mine adit 9/1/98 DM79 4 0.002 5.2 110 200 0.29 n.d. 1.0 12 390 57 130 400 n.d. 7,500 29 970348 Royal Tiger mine 9/1/98 DM63 4 0.007 4.9 350 190 1.0 n.d. 8.2 41 5,700 340 6,500 1,400 16 9,800 38 2,200360 Innis tunnel 9/1/98 DM53 4 0.053 7.8 300 83 3.3 n.d. 3.3 60 n.d. n.d. 2.0 n.d. n.d. 64 n.d. n.d.504 Lower Ransom mine 9/1/98 DM69 4 0.061 7.6 1,300 1,000 4.9 n.d. 7.5 220 n.d. 14 78 n.d. n.d. 330 n.d. n.d.

1Reference: Unpub. abandoned mine land inventory report, San Juan Forest, Columbine district, CGS, 1997.2Reference: Unpub. Cement Creek reclamation feasibility report, CDMG, 1998.3Reference: Unpub. Upper Animas River reclamation feasibility report, CDMG, 1999.4Reference: Unpub. Lower Animas River reclamation feasibility report, CDMG, 2000.
AMLI_MINE_ID Name Date Sample designation Discharge ft3/s pH Specific conductance μS/cm Sulfate mg/L Na mg/L

K

mg/L

Mg

mg/L

Ca

mg/L

Al

μg/L

Fe

μg/L

Mn

μg/L

Cu

μg/L

Ni

μg/L

Zn

μg/L

Cd

μg/L

Pb

μg/L

Detection limit — 2 0.5 0.03 0.01 0.02 2 50 0.2 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.02 0.05

7 London mine 9/4/98 MS22 0.011 6.8 405 167 5.2 1.25 3.91 59 20 15 1,400 6.0 10 6,450 44 15

8 Early Bird Crosscut 8/13/97 NAW150 0.0045 3.2 350 -- 0.53 -- 5.30 13 4,400 1,400 3,800 260 18 1,400 24 69

9/14/98 NAW727 0.0022 3.2 330 -- < 0.5 -- 6.90 29 6,300 2,300 6,800 350 19 2,200 23 83

9 Ben Butler mine 8/14/97 NAW156 0.0045 3.0 600 -- < 0.5 -- 0.64 4.5 1,500 3,200 210 1,100 4.2 13,000 110 2,500

 9/14/98 NAW726 0.0067 3.0 530 -- < 0.5 -- 0.56 4.8 1,700 4,300 320 1,400 3.5 18,000 110 1,800

 9/2/99 NAW822 0.0067 2.9 230 -- < 0.5 -- 0.65 5.4 2,500 5,800 310 1,100 5.0 20,000 110 2,400

13 Lucky Jack mine 10/3/98 MS23 0.01 3.5 284 80 1.0 0.68 1.75 14 1,220 2,050 615 63 10 4,280 21 253

15 Little Ida mine 9/7/97 NAW380 0.011 7.3 90 -- 0.64 -- 0.69 3.9 160 110 130 30 1.7 740 4.0 49

17 Vermillion mine 9/27/99 MS55 0.005 2.6 783 269 0.38 0.62 1.82 26 3,280 21,500 7,340 1,410 10 49,800 202 1,380

19 Frisco tunnel 8/24/98 MS3 0.062 6.2 845 300 4.6 2.74 6.93 113 116 226 6,860 2.0 10 3,000 4.9 15

 9/11/98 NAW704 0.067 5.4 580 -- 4.8 -- 7.70 120 69 1,300 7,900 1.5 3.2 3,100 5.7 0.6 9/2/99 NAW828 0.18 5.5 260 -- 4.7 -- 7.10 120 71 300 7,300 3.0 10 3,400 10 25

31 Mogul mine 8/31/99 NAW802 -- 2.8 780 -- 4.5 -- 13.0 160 46,000 130,000 31,000 12,000 59 100,000 1,600 240

32 Mogul North mine 9/10/97 MS26 0.015 4.7 180 85 0.72 -- 2.49 25 373 15 36 10 10 1,050 2.3 1534 Queen Anne mine 9/6/97 MS50 0.05 7.0 367 344 1.5 -- 3.94 61 116 77 1,680 98 10 2,430 11 15

35 Grand Mogul mine 8/15/97 NAW176 0.067 3.3 400 -- 0.79 -- 3.00 8.9 1,900 5,200 1,900 1,000 5.8 5,500 42 35

 9/10/97 MS16 0.003 3.4 488 190 1.0 -- 6.05 17 9,170 1,470 7,110 3,240 24 15,800 89 44 8/15/98 NAW530 0.045 2.9 630 -- <0.5 -- 13.0 23 13,000 43,000 13,000 7,300 24 34,000 170 42

 8/31/99 NAW801 0.056 3.0 380 -- 0.64 -- 5.20 15 5,500 25,000 4,300 2,000 14 14,000 73 25

42 Mountain Queen mine 8/22/02 CGS-350 0.004 3.6 243 82 0.49 1.60 12 2,500 3,700 3,900 930 2.5 3,800 37 190

58 Evening Star mine 9/5/99 NAW860 0.011 4.6 92 -- 1.2 -- 4.30 16 12,000 21,000 7,200 3.0 15 4,400 14 300

62 Sandiago tunnel (Treasure 

Mountain mine)

9/8/98 MS54 0.433 7.0 590 203 2.0 1.44 5.76 77 20 15 717 2.0 10 27 1.0 15

 9/5/99 NAW854B 0.22 7.1 170 -- 2.1 -- 7.30 78 5.0 <50 490 0.7 5.0 5.0 0.04 25

70 Lower Bullion King mine 8/19/98 NAW592 0.011 4.6 140 -- < 0.5 -- 1.00 30 450 -- 1,100 28 2.5 1,600 10 12

 8/25/99 MS9 0.045 4.8 175 88 0.69 0.47 0.60 24 447 60 911 32 10 1,610 8.6 15

 9/7/99 NAW876 0.045 6.4 76 -- 1.0 -- 0.66 34 100 4,100 1,200 6.0 5.0 1,300 5.2 25

75 Koehler tunnel 9/25/95 MS81 0.02 2.5 3,520 2,720 19.4 0.70 26 111 71,400 686,000 23,700 98,600 300 228,000 780 235

 9/25/95 MS82 0.15 2.5 3,310 2,700 14.3 0.40 39 144 70,300 494,000 20,300 61,100 290 157,000 550 300 8/18/98 NAW580 -- 2.4 2,200 -- 26.0 -- 22 120 51,000 460,000 19,000 40,000 120,000 450 280

82 Galena Queen 9/9/97 MS59 -- 2.6 1,060 368 0.67 -- 1.36 7.2 7,180 60,100 603 3,920 57 44,700 183 417

83 Hercules mine 9/9/97 MS60 -- 2.3 1,780 691 0.35 -- 0.81 3.0 5,870 118,000 205 3,000 68 52,400 279 966

85 Henrietta mine, #7 level 8/17/97 NAW215 0.011 2.5 1,600 -- 0.68 -- 5.10 16 11,000 130,000 530 380 67 6,500 41 18

 6/30/99 H7A -- 2.6 530 -- 0.23 -- 1.09 3.5 1,914 27,696 78 50 10 296 1.0 15

 9/29/99 H7A -- 2.5 2,450 1,100 0.83 1.40 7.50 49 23,000 270,000 910 590 110 8,200 35 25

86 Lark mine 8/17/97 NAW204 0.011 3.2 380 -- 0.62 -- 1.00 4.6 1,300 760 120 420 5 3,300 21 320

 8/17/97 NAW212 -- 4.2 50 -- 0.54 -- 2.90 14 820 1,500 210 100 6 490 3.0 28

 7/22/98 MS21 0.001 2.8 678 133 0.59 0.72 1.21 5.5 1,850 11,300 208 1,640 10 9,780 44 357 8/31/99 NAW807 -- 3.0 390 -- 0.56 -- 2.10 2.6 5,000 67,000 200 990 28 6,900 30 25

 9/29/99 L3A -- 4.1 228 53 2.6 2.20 0.90 16 350 24,000 220 160 11 2,200 9.2 25

 9/29/99 L3P -- 4.0 157 83 3.0 0.89 1.70 16 1,100 120 190 230 5 3,100 12 97

Table 6. Adit chemistry determined at low flow for selected sites sampled by U.S. Geological Survey.[Adit flow in cubic feet/second, ft3/s; all samples were filtered at 0.45 micrometers; concentrations expressed in milligrams per liter, mg/L; or in micrograms per liter, μg/L; < detection limit, not detected; --, not 

determined; all methods and data are in the database (Sole and others, this volume)] 

304 Environmental Effects of Historical Mining, Animas River Watershed, Colorado
Mine Inventory and Mine-Adit Chemistry Data 305

AMLI_MINE_ID Name Date Sample designation Discharge ft3/s pH Specific conductance μS/cm Sulfate mg/L Na mg/L Kmg/L Mg mg/L Ca mg/L Al μg/L Fe μg/L Mn μg/L Cu μg/L Ni μg/L Zn μg/L Cd μg/L Pb μg/L

Detection limit — 2 0.5 0.03 0.01 0.02 2 50 0.2 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.02 0.05

87 Joe and Johns mine 8/17/97 NAW217 0.045 2.7 740 -- <0.5 -- 1.20 2.2 6,400 29,000 180 400 20 7,100 54 1,200

 9/8/97 MS19 0.006 2.8 1,090 367 0.29 -- 1.87 2.0 12,600 60,300 244 638 22 12,000 58 931

 6/30/99 JJA -- -- -- -- 0.36 -- 0.30 1.6 317 244 28 22 10 216 1.0 15 7/29/99 MS19 0.001 3.8 131 40 0.56 0.58 0.71 4.6 835 793 112 116 10 1,190 3.2 46 9/29/99 JJP -- 2.7 1,010 290 0.39 1.60 1.60 2.7 13,000 62,000 190 640 28 11,000 54 1,400

91 Eveline mine 11/6/96 MS13 0.01 3.3 472 178 2.4 -- 10.2 4.6 10,600 15,500 843 55 10 858 5.2 15

 8/16/97 NAW201 0.022 3.1 370 -- 2.2 -- 8.20 4.8 6,500 8,800 600 91 14 640 10 3.8 8/19/97 MS13 0.01 3.1 468 175 2.5 -- 10.2 4.7 11,100 17,900 859 100 10 892 4.3 15

100 Adams mine 10/1/99 MS38 0.01 4.2 498 169 3.8 0.76 4.85 60 3,180 11,500 2,670 81 10 3,880 51 60125 Silver Wing mine 9/5/97 NAW355 0.22 6.2 620 -- 3.2 -- 3.40 36 210 740 1,400 410 8.0 2,000 14 0.2

 9/30/98 MS53 0.06 6.5 679 307 2.7 1.26 3.89 96 20 4,750 3,130 14 10 2,460 11 15

132 Potomac mine 9/13/98 NAW721 0.011 5.2 120 -- <0.5 -- 0.87 28 140 340 230 27 <0.5 1,900 15 170133 Silver Crown mine 8/18/98 NAW577 0.022 5.5 360 -- 8.2 -- 5.50 100 -- 1,600 100 5.0 8.9 160 <0.02 <0.05

 8/25/99 MS51 0.164 7.6 481 156 6.0 0.38 3.76 80 20 15 69 2.0 10 34 1.0 15

135 Chattanooga Curve mine 8/18/98 NAW579 0.022 4.9 280 -- 8.5 -- 9.60 78 460 2,500 1,400 5.0 9.1 390 <0.02 <0.05

 8/27/99 MS42 0.095 5.8 456 218 6.3 0.51 6.83 64 656 1,870 1,200 2.0 10 171 1.0 15

136 Imogene mine 9/11/97 NAW427 0.067 5.8 280 -- 4.4 -- 2.40 14 300 3,200 360 0.7 2.2 110 0.07 0.2

 8/14/98 NAW511 0.067 5.4 260 -- 6.1 -- 4.10 54 410 5,900 1,000 7.3 3.6 130 <0.02 6.1 9/1/99 NAW814 0.11 5.1 120 -- 5.6 -- 3.40 48 440 6,000 920 3.0 5.0 130 1.0 25 9/15/99 MS17 0.174 5.9 334 123 5.4 0.43 3.23 46 445 5,230 884 2.0 10 118 1.0 15

137 Ferricrete mine 8/14/98 NAW512 0.045 5.1 380 -- 6.4 -- 7.90 74 840 11,000 2,600 2.2 10 370 0.6 0.5

 9/15/99 MS14 0.52 6.0 480 193 5.7 0.60 6.72 66 962 11,300 2,540 2.0 10 380 2.7 15

140 Gold Finch group 8/26/99 MS28 0.035 6.7 1,080 480 12.3 1.34 9.26 197 221 3,610 1,730 2.0 10 106 1.0 15141 Brooklyn mine 8/13/98 NAW508 0.045 4.8 610 -- 4.2 -- 24 120 810 3,000 8,100 99 25 5,300 14 11

 8/18/98 NAW589 0.045 2.9 880 -- 2.8 -- 22 130 4,200 16,000 9,400 380 27 6,500 27 64 7/18/99 MS8 0.08 3.7 802 311 1.8 0.77 16.0 84 2,250 17,300 6,750 338 10 5,560 18 15 9/1/99 NAW817 0.045 2.9 280 -- 1.7 -- 16.0 62 3,700 33,000 5,800 280 22 5,900 23 52 9/1/99 NAW819 0.045 3.0 350 -- 1.9 -- 17.0 72 5,500 28,000 6,400 430 31 6,500 30 50

142 Upper Browns Gulch mine 9/18/99 MS37 0.003 2.9 859 240 1.3 0.37 7.80 52 4,220 27,600 4,490 490 10 2,810 28 168143 U.S. Basin mine 8/18/98 NAW586 -- 2.8 670 -- 1.4 -- 6.60 40 4,100 15,000 1,500 370 11 1,100 7.7 180145 Kansas City mine #1 8/22/98 NAW630 0.011 2.9 810 -- 2.2 -- 18.0 150 10,000 28,000 32,000 1,600 45 7,100 28 110147 Elk tunnel 8/21/97 NAW311 0.22 6.4 1,100 -- 6.7 -- 5.00 190 47 4,100 1,400 1.3 19 160 <0.02 33

 10/10/97 MS11 -- 7.1 1,280 815 7.8 -- 6.00 342 20 3,060 1,750 2.0 10 225 1.0 15 8/17/98 NAW575 0.22 4.9 1,200 -- 9.3 -- 7.50 370 15 11,000 2,000 2.9 26 210 0.2 5.0 10/14/98 MS11 0.338 6.8 1,450 867 7.9 0.92 6.07 322 123 3,540 1,720 2.0 10 187 1.0 15 9/8/99 NAW882 0.22 6.8 520 -- 7.2 -- 5.70 270 11 3,100 1,600 2.0 5 170 0.1 25

148 Mammoth tunnel 8/17/97 NAW227 0.089 4.8 990 -- 4.1 -- 13.0 120 1,000 26,000 3,200 5.2 25 730 1.8 0.6

 10/10/97 MS24 -- -- -- 636 4.3 -- 15.8 201 1,470 21,700 5,020 39 10 1,260 1.0 15 8/7/98 MS24 0.005 5.1 1,520 700 5.4 2.65 18.4 215 2,010 52,400 4,810 13 10 1,090 12 15 8/16/98 NAW554 0.089 4.5 980 -- 5.9 -- 20 230 2,000 51,000 4,900 27 32 1,000 2.0 <0.05

149 Avalanche mine 8/21/97 NAW309 0.022 3.8 480 -- 2.1 -- 7.40 31 5,300 22,000 530 75 17 170 1.1 1.3

 9/5/97 MS2 0.009 3.9 614 308 2.8 -- 9.82 58 9,360 48,500 812 69 30 219 1.0 15 8/17/98 NAW555 0.022 3.7 440 -- 2.8 -- 9.40 64 6,900 35,000 870 54 18 200 0.8 <0.05 8/19/98 MS2 0.015 3.9 565 286 2.7 1.59 8.42 54 7,130 36,700 748 44 10 195 5.3 15

Table 6. Adit chemistry determined at low flow for selected sites sampled by U.S. Geological Survey.—Continued
Table 6. Adit chemistry determined at low flow for selected sites sampled by U.S. Geological Survey.—Continued

AMLI_MINE_ID Name Date Sample designation Discharge ft3/s pH Specific conductance μS/cm Sulfate mg/L Na mg/L

K

mg/L

Mg

mg/L

Ca

mg/L

Al

μg/L

Fe

μg/L

Mn

μg/L

Cu

μg/L

Ni

μg/L

Zn

μg/L

Cd

μg/L

Pb

μg/L

Detection limit — 2 0.5 0.03 0.01 0.02 2 50 0.2 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.02 0.05

150 Big Colorado mine 8/16/98 NAW552 0.22 3.6 960 -- 4.8 -- 14.0 130 6,800 42,000 2,400 31 45 1,100 4.6 19

 8/20/98 MS5 -- 4.7 1,090 500 3.9 3.27 12.2 109 6,610 64,500 2,170 18 10 1,020 11 15

153 Natalie/Occidental (Silver 

Ledge) mine

10/18/96 MS52 0.75 5.7 1,090 518 3.9 -- 8.99 211 879 12,300 2,430 11 10 701 6.3 15

 11/4/97 MS52 -- 6.8 1,000 527 3.2 -- 8.73 200 1,040 12,700 2,710 2.0 10 805 10 15 8/5/98 MS52 -- 6.3 910 490 3.9 0.88 8.76 187 1,430 13,700 2,470 17 10 895 6.2 15 8/16/98 NAW551 0.89 5.3 670 -- 4.2 -- 9.90 220 1,300 16,000 2,700 23 23 820 2.2 1.3 8/31/99 NAW808 0.89 5.1 330 -- 3.7 -- 8.70 150 1,300 14,000 2,400 19 15 940 3.4 25

155 Black Hawk mine 10/1/97 MS6 0.6 6.9 1,020 600 4.2 -- 12.9 259 123 1,220 4,300 2.0 10 1,130 2.4 15156 South Fork mine 8/28/98 MS29 0.3 6.5 652 253 2.1 0.67 5.42 117 20 4,490 1,980 2.0 10 304 1.0 15168 Paradise mine 9/28/95 MS77 0.6 5.7 1,962 1,200 7.8 0.80 33 400 8,600 67,000 5,100 13 25 530 0.5 0.5

 8/14/98 NAW520 0.22 4.5 1,300 -- 8.9 -- 49 430 22,000 77,000 6,600 1.4 52 660 0.3 0.5 8/14/98 NAW521 0.22 4.6 1,200 -- 9.8 -- 47 440 19,000 75,000 6,400 3.0 51 640 0.7 1.5 8/27/98 MS34 0.009 5.0 2,140 1,300 8.0 0.90 42 359 21,200 73,000 5,920 2.0 10 620 1.0 15 9/6/99 NAW870 0.45 5.1 610 -- 8.2 -- 38 350 27,000 69,000 5,100 3.0 29 570 0.4 25

169 Ruby Trust mine 9/18/95 MS76 1.03 6.4 560 200 3.6 0.50 3.90 110 0.5 470 530 3.0 3.0 39 0.5 0.5

 8/14/98 NAW524 0.45 6.4 360 -- 4.8 -- 4.40 120 38 2,400 550 3.3 10 66 0.2 2.7 9/1/99 NAW816 0.89 5.5 180 -- 3.6 -- 3.40 90 5.0 440 470 1.0 5.0 55 0.1 25

171 Independence mine 

(Silverton quadrangle)

9/26/95 MS80 0.04 3.2 667 6.8 0.50 5.80 65 4,410 12,600 1,250 0.5 0.5 243 14 0.5

 6/10/98 MS18 0.04 3.2 634 263 6.1 0.64 4.83 64 4,140 11,400 1,090 51 10 225 1.0 15

172 Bonner mine upper adit 8/14/98 NAW516 0.022 3.1 530 -- 6.7 -- 7.70 90 7,000 15,000 3,800 86 14 3,000 14 17

 8/14/98 NAW517 0.022 2.9 730 -- 8.3 -- 8.80 120 6,800 11,000 3,800 83 16 2,700 14 13

172 Bonner mine, lower adit 9/26/95 MS79 0.06 3.1 1,225 7.7 7.30 107 8,300 10,500 4,100 0.5 0.5 4,090 20 0.5

 9/1/99 NAW815 0.045 2.8 380 -- 7.0 -- 7.40 81 8,300 11,000 4,400 120 11 4,900 25 25

173 Molly Gulch mine 8/24/99 MS43 0.004 3.1 560 177 4.7 0.84 8.77 34 5,560 4,770 1,140 629 10 224 1.0 15174 Magnet mine 8/23/99 MS48 0.014 7.5 980 501 11.3 0.97 7.33 186 147 88 829 11 10 106 1.0 15181 May Day mine 5/15/97 MS61 0.03 2.6 1,810 1,060 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --183 Anglo Saxon mine 10/10/97 MS1 -- -- -- 827 9.6 -- 20 339 970 550 9,490 2.0 10 3,060 17 15

 8/7/98 MS1 0.05 6.5 1,870 867 8.8 2.61 18.8 286 484 28,800 9,320 2.0 10 3,050 10 15 8/17/98 NAW574 0.11 5.7 1,100 -- 13.0 -- 27 360 530 33,000 11,000 28 49 3,400 4.0 <0.05

186 Yukon tunnel (Gold Hub) 9/11/97 NAW415 0.089 5.9 1,100 -- 5.2 -- 4.50 70 65 1,500 510 6.4 9.1 130 1.2 1.0

 8/17/98 NAW573 0.089 5.6 900 -- 8.6 -- 9.00 260 150 5,000 970 15 20 270 1.2 <0.05

189 Legal Tender mine 

(Howardsville quadrangle)

9/8/979/3/99

NAW396NAW845

0.0450.045

7.05.4

480180

----

3.03.8

----

2.503.50

2988

1011

700420

130310

1.51.0

3.95.0

220390

0.92.0

0.6

25

195 Forest Queen mine 

(preremediation)

11/6/96 MS15 0.036 4.7 856 433 8.8 -- 13.9 137 2,150 25,300 2,460 2.0 10 641 8.3 44

 8/18/97 NAW231 0.045 5.1 830 -- 6.6 -- 9.60 80 1,000 13,000 1,600 n.d. 15 440 8.9 7.5 9/11/97 MS15 0.036 4.6 770 475 8.9 -- 13.1 133 1,960 24,400 2,330 2.0 10 605 8.0 15 8/11/98 MS15 0.083 6.7 1,390 787 8.7 1.44 11.0 272 305 10,900 2,240 2.0 10 349 1.0 15

195 Forest Queen mine 

(postremediation)

9/16/99 MS15 -- 5.9 1,510 577 9.6 1.10 11.2 334 601 10,400 2,590 2.0 10 393 39 15

 9/20/00 MS15 0.0007 6.1 733 345 8.4 1.55 10.8 124 70 8,240 2,200 0.8 1.5 79 9.0 11

306 Environmental Effects of Historical Mining, Animas River Watershed, Colorado
Mine Inventory and Mine-Adit Chemistry Data 307

Table 6. Adit chemistry determined at low flow for selected sites sampled by U.S. Geological Survey.—Continued

AMLI_MINE_ID Name Date Sample designation Discharge ft3/s pH Specific conductance μS/cm Sulfate mg/L Na mg/L Kmg/L Mg mg/L Ca mg/L Al μg/L Fe μg/L Mn μg/L Cu μg/L Ni μg/L Zn μg/L Cd μg/L Pb μg/L

Detection limit — 2 0.5 0.03 0.01 0.02 2 50 0.2 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.02 0.05

201 Kittimack mine 8/18/97 NAW235 0.067 6.3 270 -- 4.1 -- 4.90 33 17 360 200 110 3.7 1,000 7.0 5

 8/5/98 MS20 -- 7.8 392 115 5.9 0.95 6.15 59 42 15 256 160 10 1,440 4.6 15 9/13/98 NAW717 0.045 5.5 320 -- 7.3 -- 8.50 71 67 570 390 250 <0.5 1,500 7.3 21 9/3/99 NAW835 0.045 5.6 120 -- 4.0 -- 5.30 58 15 <50 220 130 5.0 1,200 6.4 25

203 Esmeralda mine, lower 

adit

10/3/98 MS12 0.05 7.0 252 56 3.2 0.69 3.19 41 20 15 7.0 2.0 10 10 1.0 15

207 Burbank mine 8/20/98 NAW603 0.11 5.7 530 -- 5.0 -- 18.0 150 -- 6,200 1,400 3.2 10 52 1.8 <0.05

 8/24/98 MS10 0.087 6.3 898 327 4.3 0.72 16.7 135 20 2,810 1,310 2.0 10 47 1.0 15 9/9/99 NAW890 0.45 7.4 250 -- 4.4 -- 15.0 98 5.0 2,600 1,100 1.0 5.0 38 0.2 25

239 Old Hundred mine, 

lower adit 

8/19/97 NAW271 0.11 7.1 450 -- 3.5 -- 3.00 58 8.4 500 1.4 3.2 6.1 130 1.3 1.9

 10/17/97 MS49 -- 7.5 520 205 3.8 -- 3.44 109 229 15 1.5 2.0 10 127 1.0 15

260 Columbine mine 8/19/98 MS57 0.011 3.0 715 240 3.9 3.43 5.32 28 10,700 4,560 445 12 10 137 1.0 15

 9/24/98 MS57 0.01 2.9 694 207 4.1 2.77 4.97 20 10,800 4,060 339 21 10 102 1.0 15

263 North Star mine 12/17/97 MS63 0.632 6.8 716 363 4.8 0.92 17.1 132 101 1,820 2,560 2.0 10 619 1.0 15

 7/23/98 MS63 1.18 7.2 726 327 4.1 0.87 16.3 117 20 1,590 2,520 11 10 667 1.0 15

10/13/98 MS63 0.935 6.8 756 340 4.9 0.77 17.0 131 197 1,600 2,600 2.0 10 621 1.0 15

266 Sultan tunnel 8/21/97 NAW298 0.056 6.9 600 -- 4.0 -- 7.70 56 30 540 580 8.1 7.1 52 0.3 0.6

 8/19/98 NAW601 0.056 5.5 390 -- 5.3 -- 11.0 120 57 3,000 580 4.0 7.7 49 0.3 <0.05 9/14/98 NAW733 -- 3.0 760 -- 3.8 -- 7.70 35 17,000 29,000 580 10 31 200 0.4 4.1

285 Mighty Monarch mine 9/24/98 MS25 0.041 6.8 359 122 3.9 0.39 4.58 63 20 33 881 2.0 10 484 1.0 15287 Lackawanna mill tailings 8/21/98 NATW622 -- 5.9 1,800 -- <0.5 -- 11.0 580 59 21,000 31,000 42 69 63,000 150 190289 Last Chance mine 9/6/97 NAW364 0.13 7.2 230 -- 2.5 -- 1.90 16 10 390 160 < 0.5 2.2 15 0.1 0.2

 9/15/98 NAW735 0.11 5.2 180 -- 3.1 -- 2.60 48 18 400 410 1.1 <0.5 25 0.04 0.2

306 King Soloman mine 9/8/99 NAW883 0.022 7.3 40 -- 1.3 -- 1.40 24 52 64 20 32 5 140 1 25332 Bandora mine 9/9/97 NAW399 0.045 6.6 540 -- 2.9 -- 5.80 32 4.7 4,800 3,200 35 19 8,300 65 1.9

 8/23/98 NAW648 0.056 5.6 410 -- 3.8 -- 8.50 100 24 9,300 6,800 63 23 12,000 51 1.6 10/13/98 MS4 0.09 6.1 556 260 2.8 0.29 6.46 84 55 6,770 5,780 39 20 10,500 43 15 9/9/99 NAW887 0.22 6.4 250 -- 2.5 -- 7.20 79 19 11,000 7,200 120 21 16,000 80 25

360 Highland Mary mine, 

#8 level

9/16/98 NAW741 0.022 5.8 240 -- 3.7 -- 3.40 62 7.6 300 2.6 3.5 <0.5 60 0.4 0.9

505 Henrietta mine, #8 level 8/17/97 NAW213 0.011 2.6 1,100 -- 0.52 -- 1.90 2.9 2,800 21,000 190 830 18 4,400 31 43

 8/17/98 NAW570 0.013 2.3 2,200 -- 1.5 -- 11.0 9.1 22,000 29,000 1,100 5,900 110 27,000 130 18

511 unnamed adit, Porcupine 

Gulch

9/29/97 MS62 0.01 3.7 395 138 1.1 -- 4.90 19 4,700 12,200 882 522 10 2,160 13 47

 9/24/98 MS62 0.002 3.8 234 99 1.4 0.68 4.98 23 2,120 874 377 242 10 1,360 6 15
Table 7. Time-series data from adit flow from seven mine sites.

[Discharge in ft3/s (cfs); total concentrations are from unfiltered sample; dissolved (diss.) concentrations are from 0.45 μm filtered sample; μS/cm, microsiemens per centimeter at 25°C; mg/L, milligrams per 

liter; μg/L, micrograms per liter; --, not determined; n.d., not detected; < detection limit, not detected; detection limits are for instrumental methods used in the analyses. Data for 1996–99 are from Mast and others (2000). Statistical data rounded to three significant figures]

Mine Sample date Discharge ft3/s Field pH Dissolved oxygen mg/L Specific conductance μS/cm Sulfate total mg/L Na diss. mg/L

K

diss.

mg/L

Mg

diss.

mg/L

Ca

diss.

mg/L

Sr

diss.

μg/L

Ba

diss.

μg/L

Al

diss.

μg/L

Al

total

μg/L

Silica

diss.

μg/L

Silica

total

μg/L

Fe

diss.

μg/L

Fe

total

μg/L

Mn

diss.

μg/L

Cu

diss.

μg/L

Cu

total

μg/L

Zn

diss.

μg/L

Cd

diss.

μg/L

Pb

diss.

μg/L

Detection limit-- 1 0.1 0.01 0.01 0.15 3 2 40 40 0.2 0.2 30 30 10 4 4 20 2.0 30Avalanche mine 9/5/97 0.009 3.92 3.9 614 308 2.75 -- 9.82 57.5 717 6.0 9,360 -- 63.2 -- 48,500 -- 812 69 -- 219 < 2.0 < 30(AML_MINE_ID # 149) 3/26/98 0.015 3.69 7.4 563 237 2.74 1.32 7.16 55.3 466 7.0 4,150 5,000 49.5 53.9 27,900 31,200 716 45 46 166 < 2.0 < 30 4/22/98 0.016 3.40 6.5 449 205 2.69 1.32 6.93 54.7 448 7.0 3,920 4,650 47.4 51.6 26,000 31,000 699 40 44 179 < 2.0 < 30 5/6/98 0.022 3.99 8.1 542 237 2.55 1.34 7.59 52.6 463 10 5,230 6,310 48.0 55.9 31,000 34,000 720 42 51 177 4.1 < 30 5/21/98 0.028 3.92 8.0 654 293 3.24 1.43 11.5 60.0 752 6.0 10,500 9,250 64.9 56.8 62,100 53,600 864 63 55 241 6.6 < 30 6/10/98 0.024 3.85 6.7 628 330 2.32 1.56 9.93 50.5 723 5.0 9,650 10,300 57.1 65.6 54,200 53,700 712 57 70 193 4.7 < 30 7/1/98 0.008 3.80 6.0 627 300 2.06 1.60 8.31 46.1 597 3.0 7,690 8,580 49.7 58.2 41,000 44,200 670 49 58 190 3.1 < 30 7/23/98 0.011 3.99 8.8 601 290 2.02 1.63 8.01 47.7 539 4.0 6,820 7,230 49.9 55.8 36,200 37,100 696 43 48 172 < 2.0 < 30 7/30/98 0.014 3.85 7.9 598 267 2.09 1.61 8.52 52.3 569 < 2 7,040 7,160 50.5 49.6 37,900 36,100 741 41 42 180 8.0 < 30 8/19/98 0.015 3.91 8.1 565 286 2.66 1.59 8.42 54.4 554 5.0 7,130 7,530 53.1 52.4 36,700 38,400 748 44 44 195 5.3 < 30 9/24/98 0.010 3.93 5.8 546 270 2.82 1.38 8.40 57.4 542 4.0 6,250 6,600 54.3 52.6 34,000 34,100 755 42 40 189 2.2 < 30 10/14/98 0.003 3.92 4.6 534 260 2.42 1.28 7.64 53.6 488 4.0 5,170 5,790 49.7 51.3 31,000 31,300 721 40 42 171 5.3 < 30 11/5/98 0.017 4.04 -- 535 252 2.43 1.30 7.64 54.1 481 4.0 5,020 -- 49.5 -- 30,300 -- 722 39 -- 162 2.8 < 30 12/18/98 0.031 4.02 -- 551 259 2.05 1.47 8.27 55.2 527 < 2 5,920 -- 49.3 -- 34,700 -- 753 38 -- 177 < 2.0 < 30Minimum 0.003 3.40 3.9 449 205 2.02 1.28 6.93 46.1 448 3.0 3,920 4,650 47.4 49.6 26,000 31,000 670 38 40 162 2.2 < 30Median 0.015 3.92 7.0 564 269 2.49 1.43 8.29 54.3 541 5.0 6,535 7,160 49.8 53.9 35,450 36,100 722 43 46 180 4.7 < 30Mean (n = 14) 572 271 2.49 1.45 8.44 53.7 562 5.4 6,704 7,127 52.6 54.9 37,964 38,609 738 47 49 187 4.7 < 30Standard Deviation 1.5 53 33 0.36 0.13 1.23 3.74 101 1.9 2,036 1,739 5.5 4.4 10,369 8,367 50 10 9 21 1.9 -- Maximum 0.031 4.04 8.8 654 330 3.24 1.63 11.5 60.0 752 10 10,500 10,300 64.9 65.6 62,100 53,700 864 69 70 241 8.0 < 30Bandora mine 5/28/98 0.10 6.04 2.8 624 260 3.45 0.33 7.82 95 587 18 86 179 13.7 14.6 8,260 17,300 8,230 55 231 15,700 55.1 < 30(AML_MINE_ID # 332) 7/22/98 0.11 6.25 2.4 588 238 3.00 0.34 7.02 87 533 12 < 40 1,110 12.8 17.4 7,290 18,000 6,680 79 302 13,100 54.6 < 30 10/13/98 0.09 6.06 0.9 556 260 2.79 0.29 6.46 84 554 14 55 119 11.9 12.7 6,770 14,200 5,780 39 169 10,500 42.9 < 30 12/17/98 0.03 5.95 -- 545 219 2.96 0.32 6.53 89 597 15 < 40 -- 12.6 -- 6,670 -- 5,720 30 -- 10,100 39.9 < 30 5/27/99 0.09 5.36 0.6 628 192 2.84 0.30 7.15 87 529 28 320 -- 12.1 -- 8,130 -- 7,610 72 -- 15,400 60.7 153 7/17/99 0.13 6.04 0.8 591 240 2.90 0.34 7.21 84 528 15 94 -- 13.1 -- 7,750 -- 7,030 121 -- 14,400 65.4 < 30 8/25/99 0.14 5.72 0.9 618 325 3.07 -- 7.72 91 538 14 232 -- 13.2 -- 8,480 -- 8,120 143 -- 17,400 77.8 < 30Minimum 0.03 5.36 0.6 545 192 2.79 0.29 6.46 84 528 12 55 119 11.9 12.7 6,670 14,200 5,720 30 169 10,100 39.9 < 30Median 0.10 6.04 0.9 591 240 2.96 0.33 7.15 87 538 15 94 179 12.8 14.6 7,750 17,300 7,030 72 231 14,400 55.1 < 30Mean (n = 7) 1.4 593 248 3.00 0.32 7.13 88 552 17 157 469 12.8 14.9 7,621 16,500 7,024 77 234 13,800 56.6 < 30Standard Deviation 0.9 33 42 0.22 0.02 0.52 4.1 29 5.3 114 556 0.6 2.4 726 2,022 1,030 42 67 2,725 13.0 -- Maximum 0.14 6.25 2.8 628 325 3.45 0.34 7.82 95 597 28 320 1,110 13.7 17.4 8,480 18,000 8,230 143 302 17,400 77.8 153Bonner mine 12/17/97 0.07 3.16 9.2 795 346 6.18 0.66 6.16 89 381 10 7,450 7,520 49.1 48.8 3,900 3,950 2,590 106 91 1,830 12.3 < 30(AML_MINE_ID # 172) 3/25/98 0.06 2.74 9.5 938 356 7.11 0.64 6.39 92 420 12 7,490 6,680 50.2 49.1 4,130 3,740 2,490 94 88 1,490 3.4 < 30 5/22/98 0.04 3.00 3.1 1,220 510 10.3 0.67 8.98 155 539 7 6,620 6,000 47.2 47.7 17,700 16,500 3,650 59 62 1,840 10.9 < 30 7/22/98 0.05 3.28 10.5 895 350 5.94 0.51 5.97 88 393 14 6,460 5,730 48.5 50.1 3,990 4,580 2,560 100 102 2,140 13.6 < 30 10/13/98 0.03 3.09 10.3 874 360 6.01 0.51 6.32 91 395 12 7,390 7,170 48.9 49.7 4,100 4,110 2,940 97 96 2,330 13.0 < 30 7/16/99 0.07 3.23 8.0 807 291 5.74 0.46 5.22 77 348 16 6,120 -- 44.9 -- 3,540 -- 2,440 96 -- 2,610 7.0 < 30 8/25/99 0.05 3.35 8.5 770 325 5.82 -- 5.72 76 349 22 7,270 -- 46.3 -- 3,630 -- 3,430 121 -- 3,730 33.5 < 30Minimum 0.03 2.74 3.1 770 291 5.74 0.46 5.22 76 348 7 6,120 5,730 44.9 47.7 3,540 3,740 2,440 59 62 1,490 3.4 < 30

308 Environmental Effects of Historical Mining, Animas River Watershed, Colorado
Mine Inventory and Mine-Adit Chemistry Data 309

Mine Sample date Discharge ft3/s Field pH Dissolved oxygen mg/L Specific conductance μS/cm Sulfate total mg/L Na diss. mg/L Kdiss. mg/L Mg diss. mg/L Ca diss. mg/L Sr diss. μg/L Ba diss. μg/L Al diss. μg/L Al total μg/L Silica diss. μg/L Silica total μg/L Fe diss. μg/L Fe total μg/L Mn diss. μg/L Cu diss. μg/L Cu total μg/L Zn diss. μg/L Cd diss. μg/L Pb diss. μg/L

Detection limit-- 1 0.1 0.01 0.01 0.15 3 2 40 40 0.2 0.2 30 30 10 4 4 20 2.0 30Bonner mine (continued)Median 0.05 3.16 9.2 874 350 6.01 0.57 6.16 89 393 12 7,270 6,680 48.5 49.1 3,990 4,110 2,590 97 91 2,140 12.3 < 30Mean (n = 7) 900 363 6.73 0.58 6.39 95 404 13 6,971 6,620 47.9 49.1 5,856 6,576 2,871 96 88 2,281 13.4 < 30Standard Deviation 2.5 153 69 1.64 0.09 1.21 27 65 4.8 559 757 1.8 0.9 5,228 5,556 488 19 15 736 9.6 -- Maximum 0.07 3.35 10.5 1,220 510 10.3 0.67 8.98 155 539 22 7,490 7,520 50.2 50.1 17,700 16,500 3,650 121 102 3,730 33.5 < 30Elk tunnel 10/10/97 -- 7.10 -- 1,280 815 7.85 -- 6.00 342 4,790 14 < 40 -- 26.9 -- 3,060 -- 1,750 < 4 -- 225 < 2.0 < 30(AML_MINE_ID # 147) 12/29/97 0.40 6.14 -- 1,460 790 8.39 1.15 6.09 305 4,880 10 < 40 n.d. 28.2 28.3 3,080 3,440 1,730 < 4 < 4 152 < 2.0 < 30 2/12/98 0.30 6.20 0.6 1,480 796 7.81 1.13 6.03 300 4,790 12 < 40 n.d. 27.4 28.4 3,280 3,600 1,690 < 4 < 4 164 < 2.0 < 30 3/24/98 0.57 6.79 0.0 1,510 800 9.25 1.03 6.25 270 5,160 11 125 n.d. 28.6 32.2 3,380 3,540 1,740 < 4 < 4 168 < 2.0 < 30 4/21/98 0.43 6.54 0.2 1,480 817 8.71 0.98 6.06 277 4,930 11 66 n.d. 27.2 31.3 3,450 8,960 1,680 < 4 < 4 168 < 2.0 < 30 5/5/98 0.55 7.04 0.1 1,510 820 8.08 0.96 6.41 300 5,140 10 49 249 28.4 35.3 3,630 15,400 1,800 < 4 < 4 174 < 2.0 < 30 5/21/98 0.45 7.18 0.1 1,480 793 8.56 0.93 6.13 286 4,910 11 48 n.d. 28.1 29.1 3,580 3,890 1,760 < 4 < 4 215 < 2.0 < 30 6/24/98 0.34 6.50 0.3 1,410 800 7.26 0.96 5.71 252 4,490 11 < 40 241 26.9 29.6 3,480 3,840 1,900 < 4 < 4 201 2.3 38 7/23/98 0.34 6.93 1.2 1,460 780 7.31 1.12 5.92 307 4,590 < 2 < 40 239 27.1 31.6 3,560 5,280 1,710 < 4 < 4 164 < 2.0 < 30 10/14/98 0.34 6.79 0.3 1,450 867 7.93 0.92 6.07 322 5,020 10 123 123 28.0 26.9 3,540 4,880 1,720 < 4 < 4 187 < 2.0 < 30Minimum 0.30 6.14 0.0 1,280 780 7.26 0.92 5.71 252 4,490 10 48 123 26.9 26.9 3,060 3,440 1,680 -- -- 152 2.3 < 30Median 0.40 6.79 0.3 1,470 800 8.00 0.98 6.07 300 4,895 11 66 240 27.7 29.6 3,465 3,890 1,735 -- -- 171 2.3 < 30Mean (n = 10) 1,452 808 8.12 1.02 6.07 296 4,870 11 82 213 27.7 30.3 3,404 5,870 1,748 -- -- 182 2.3 17Standard Deviation 0.4 67 24 0.62 0.09 0.19 26 216 1.3 39 60 0.65 2.6 203 3,972 64 -- -- 24 -- -- Maximum 0.57 7.18 1.2 1,510 867 9.25 1.15 6.41 342 5,160 14 125 249 28.6 35.3 3,630 15,400 1,900 -- -- 225 2.3 38Eveline mine 11/6/96 0.010 3.31 -- 472 178 2.36 -- 10.2 4.60 77 < 2 10,600 10,700 57.5 49.3 15,500 17,700 843 55 51 858 5.2 < 30(AML_MINE_ID # 91) 12/11/96 0.030 3.29 1.9 490 162 2.48 -- 10.6 5.03 81 < 2 11,000 11,000 58.8 49.8 15,600 17,700 881 54 48 885 6.4 < 30 1/22/97 0.016 3.20 2.3 500 156 2.42 -- 10.3 4.71 79 < 2 10,800 10,700 57.0 49.0 15,100 17,300 860 53 47 826 4.0 < 30 2/13/97 0.014 2.81 3.0 493 153 2.28 -- 9.97 4.48 74 < 2 10,300 10,300 55.5 46.7 14,700 16,900 829 43 47 837 4.9 < 30 3/14/97 0.023 3.18 4.9 502 161 2.43 -- 11.1 5.08 87 < 2 11,100 10,600 52.4 47.0 14,700 14,700 889 49 46 904 6.7 < 30 4/25/97 0.012 3.00 -- 510 171 2.21 -- 10.4 4.67 81 < 2 11,000 10,700 49.1 47.2 13,700 15,200 836 41 47 851 2.5 < 30 5/22/97 0.018 3.16 3.2 502 170 2.47 -- 10.6 4.88 79 < 2 11,100 12,300 50.4 51.4 17,400 26,300 878 67 292 895 4.3 < 30

6/5/97 0.026 3.15 2.4 494 183 2.25 10.8 4.72 76 < 2 11,800 11,400 49.9 50.2 24,600 26,000 911 283 268 1,240 8.9 < 30

 7/17/97 0.017 3.19 2.1 470 173 2.41 -- 10.1 4.62 75 < 2 11,300 11,100 59.5 59.0 20,900 23,200 853 206 202 949 3.4 < 30 8/19/97 0.010 3.11 2.6 468 175 2.50 -- 10.2 4.70 78 < 2 11,100 10,200 60.5 55.9 17,900 18,800 859 100 88 892 4.3 < 30 9/11/97 0.022 3.04 1.4 457 180 2.49 -- 10.2 4.68 76 < 2 10,900 10,600 59.9 57.8 16,600 18,000 859 88 82 885 2.7 < 30Minimum 0.010 2.81 1.4 457 153 2.21 -- 10.0 4.48 74 -- 10,300 10,200 49.1 46.7 13,700 14,700 829 41 46 826 2.5 < 30Median 0.017 3.16 2.4 493 171 2.42 -- 10.3 4.70 78 -- 11,000 10,700 57.0 49.8 15,600 17,700 859 55 51 885 4.3 < 30Mean (n = 11) 0.018 2.6 487 169 2.39 -- 10.4 4.74 78 -- 11,000 10,873 55.5 51.2 16,973 19,255 863 94 111 911 4.8 < 30

Table 7.

Standard Deviation 0.007 1.0 17 10.0 0.10 -- 0.34 0.18 3.6 -- 382 583 4.3 4.4 3,215 4,048 24 78 95 114 1.9 -- Maximum 0.030 3.31 4.9 510 183 2.50 -- 11.1 5.08 87 -- 11,800 12,300 60.5 59.0 24,600 26,300 911 283 292 1,240 8.9 < 30Forest Queen 11/6/96 0.036 4.68 0.5 856 433 8.84 -- 13.9 137 1,270 7 2,150 1,900 57.0 45.4 25,300 24,300 2,460 < 4 < 4 641 8.3 44(AML_MINE_ID # 195) 12/11/96 0.039 4.69 0.4 865 446 8.54 -- 13.5 132 1,220 7 2,070 1,840 55.5 44.2 24,500 23,600 2,390 < 4 < 4 599 5.4 40 1/22/97 0.058 4.80 0.2 870 442 9.90 -- 15.5 153 1,420 7 2,380 1,980 62.2 46.5 28,100 24,900 2,740 < 4 < 4 709 3.3 < 30

 2/12/97 0.036 4.44 0.4 883 450 8.49 -- 13.5 133 1,220 7 2,050 2,370 54.5 44.8 24,300 24,000 2,390 < 4 4 604 8.4 < 30 3/13/97 0.036 4.76 0.0 872 425 7.87 -- 13.3 128 1,150 5 2,060 1,970 45.7 44.9 23,200 24,000 2,270 < 4 < 4 569 5.4 < 30 4/24/97 0.022 4.57 -- 895 461 9.48 -- 14.7 144 1,320 6 2,060 -- 50.4 -- 25,500 -- 2,500 < 4 -- 634 2.9 < 30 5/22/97 0.044 4.49 0.0 854 477 9.31 -- 14.1 141 1,390 5 2,130 2,010 60.0 47.2 25,200 25,100 2,510 < 4 < 4 613 < 2.0 < 30

 Time-series data from adit flow from seven mine sites.—Continued
Mine Sample date Discharge ft3/s Field pH Dissolved oxygen mg/L Specific conductance μS/cm Sulfate total mg/L Na diss. mg/L

K

diss.

mg/L

Mg

diss.

mg/L

Ca

diss.

mg/L

Sr

diss.

μg/L

Ba

diss.

μg/L

Al

diss.

μg/L

Al

total

μg/L

Silica

diss.

μg/L

Silica

total

μg/L

Fe

diss.

μg/L

Fe

total

μg/L

Mn

diss.

μg/L

Cu

diss.

μg/L

Cu

total

μg/L

Zn

diss.

μg/L

Cd

diss.

μg/L

Pb

diss.

μg/L

Detection limit-- 1 0.1 0.01 0.01 0.15 3 2 40 40 0.2 0.2 30 30 10 4 4 20 2.0 30Forest Queen (continued) 6/5/97 0.052 3.72 0.0 920 472 8.36 -- 13.6 141 1,430 5 1,890 1,840 56.7 45.3 24,000 24,300 2,420 < 4 < 4 598 4.3 < 30 6/19/97 0.077 5.06 0.0 969 456 6.72 -- 11.9 125 1,260 7 1,580 2,020 48.8 57.2 21,100 25,600 2,120 < 4 < 4 538 < 2.0 < 30 7/18/97 0.070 4.92 0.4 934 449 8.89 -- 13.3 141 1,450 6 1,920 1,870 57.9 55.2 24,300 24,300 2,350 < 4 < 4 588 3.8 < 30 8/18/97 0.050 5.05 0.0 872 481 8.28 -- 12.8 133 1,340 6 1,820 1,810 55.5 53.5 23,700 22,900 2,260 < 4 < 4 567 8.7 < 30 9/11/97 0.036 4.64 0.0 770 475 8.86 -- 13.1 133 1,320 5 1,960 1,650 58.3 49.8 24,400 22,300 2,330 < 4 < 4 605 8.0 < 30 8/11/98 0.083 6.65 -- 1,390 787 8.71 1.44 11.0 272 3,760 13 305 5,360 39.1 57.8 10,900 42,700 2,240 < 4 20 349 < 2.0 < 30 7/29/99 0.005 5.83 3.7 1,220 746 9.53 3.09 12.2 250 2,970 19 1,450 -- 42.6 -- 2,380 -- 2,410 < 4 -- 828 112.0 < 30 8/3/99 -- 6.27 -- 1,640 1,250 9.56 1.56 11.1 359 4,710 14 540 -- 36.7 -- 10,200 -- 2,550 < 4 -- 485 84.8 < 30 8/13/99 -- 6.20 3.8 1,590 1,190 11.9 1.75 12.8 409 5,360 12 705 -- 44.1 -- 12,100 -- 2,830 < 4 -- 477 86.0 < 30 8/20/99 -- 6.07 6.1 1,710 1,110 8.99 1.45 10.6 378 5,150 15 241 -- 35.4 -- 11,500 -- 2,710 < 4 -- 355 37.1 < 30 8/25/99 -- 5.65 7.5 1,770 1,010 9.56 -- 10.9 393 5,500 19 244 -- 36.0 -- 11,400 -- 2,860 < 4 -- 386 32.2 < 30 9/1/99 -- 5.69 7.2 1,320 756 10.3 1.60 10.9 349 4,550 13 523 -- 37.8 -- 10,500 -- 2,600 < 4 -- 337 23.7 < 30 9/9/99 -- 5.80 9.0 1,380 746 9.99 1.45 11.7 294 3,620 10 1,120 -- 41.8 -- 8,610 -- 2,450 14 -- 545 70.7 < 30 9/16/99 -- 5.92 6.9 1,510 577 9.59 1.10 11.2 334 4,350 13 601 -- 38.8 -- 10,400 -- 2,590 < 4 -- 393 39.2 < 30 3/30/00 0.003 5.07 8.5 622 -- 7.70 1.61 11.9 93 714 17 974 -- -- -- 13,400 -- 2,310 14 -- 559 5.4 < 30 4/26/00 0.003 5.97 6.1 617 -- 7.70 1.50 12.1 95 707 11 953 -- 21.3 -- 15,900 -- 2,340 < 4 -- 614 17.2 < 30 6/2/00 -- 5.72 3.1 685 -- 7.80 1.50 12.8 106 872 9.9 1,770 -- 48.6 -- 19,700 -- 2,270 < 4 -- 679 19.5 < 30 7/19/00 0.105 5.58 -- 783 -- 8.70 1.58 12.8 162 1,640 15 1,480 -- 48.2 -- 20,200 -- 2,360 < 4 -- 616 19.2 < 30 9/20/00 0.001 6.09 4.7 733 -- 8.40 1.55 10.8 124 1,130 21 70 -- 44.4 -- 8,240 -- 2,200 < 4 -- 79 9.0 < 30Minimum 0.001 3.72 0.0 617 425 6.72 1.10 10.6 93 707 5.0 70 1,650 21.3 44.2 2,380 22,300 2,120 14 4 79 2.9 < 30Median 0.037 5.33 1.8 889 477 8.85 1.55 12.8 141 1,405 9.9 1,530 1,935 48.2 46.9 19,950 24,300 2,400 14 12 579 9.0 < 30Mean (n = 26) 1,059 649 8.92 1.63 12.5 202 2,339 10.6 1,348 2,218 47.1 49.3 17,655 25,667 2,441 14 12 537 26.7 < 30Standard Deviation 3.3 357 274 1.03 0.46 1.3 106 1,646 5.0 739 1,004 9.9 5.2 7,306 5,439 191 0 11 150 31.5 -- Maximum 0.105 6.65 9.0 1,770 1,250 11.9 3.09 15.5 409 5,500 21 2,380 5,360 62.2 57.8 28,100 42,700 2,860 14 20 828 112.0 44Mighty Monarch 3/5/98 0.044 6.43 8.1 376 124 3.58 0.53 4.34 60.7 548 23 < 40 114 13.4 14.8 102 686 786 < 4 10 458 6.0 < 30(AML_MINE_ID # 285) 4/21/98 0.076 6.35 8.5 375 118 4.20 0.39 4.63 64.9 606 19 96 72 14.2 16.8 31 545 793 < 4 < 4 449 < 2.0 < 30 5/6/98 0.049 7.17 8.7 373 115 3.89 0.40 4.51 62.7 581 17 90 103 13.8 16.1 64 393 803 < 4 < 4 466 < 2.0 < 30 5/21/98 0.053 7.52 7.0 371 120 2.77 0.37 3.67 49.0 449 15 < 40 99 11.1 14.6 34 451 678 < 4 9 376 < 2.0 31 6/8/98 0.078 6.70 8.7 376 120 3.79 0.41 4.45 60.6 566 22 < 40 141 13.5 15.4 58 471 985 < 4 6 519 3.0 < 30 7/2/98 0.058 6.50 8.4 376 123 3.66 0.41 4.19 57.0 533 19 < 40 62 12.8 14.6 57 468 837 4 9 469 < 2.0 < 30 7/22/98 0.081 6.60 8.6 377 120 3.45 0.43 4.53 61.2 568 18 < 40 88 13.7 15.6 44 429 869 < 4 7 447 < 2.0 < 30 8/19/98 0.047 7.20 8.6 360 115 3.76 0.43 4.43 60.7 562 19 54 137 13.8 15.5 46 393 860 < 4 8 464 2.0 < 30 9/24/98 0.041 6.80 6.4 359 122 3.93 0.39 4.58 63.1 584 18 < 40 77 14.2 14.7 33 364 881 < 4 5 484 < 2.0 < 30 10/14/98 0.074 6.60 6.4 359 120 3.61 0.38 4.52 62.1 585 18 55 182 13.9 15.6 < 30 578 895 < 4 11 473 < 2.0 < 30 11/2/98 0.044 6.18 7.1 358 123 3.35 0.38 4.39 59.2 553 16 < 40 -- 13.3 -- < 30 -- 906 < 4 -- 483 2.2 < 30 12/29/98 0.018 7.27 -- 356 91 4.17 0.44 4.53 63.2 595 15 < 40 -- 14.3 -- < 30 -- 676 < 4 -- 426 2.4 < 30Minimum 0.018 6.18 6.4 356 91 2.77 0.37 3.67 49.0 449 15 54 62 11.1 14.6 31 364 676 4 5 376 2.0 < 30Median 0.051 6.65 8.4 372 120 3.71 0.41 4.48 61.0 567 18 73 101 13.8 15.4 46 460 849 4 9 465 2.4 < 30Mean (n = 12) 368 118 3.68 0.41 4.40 60.4 561 18 74 108 13.5 15.4 52 478 831 4 8 460 3.1 < 30

Table 7.

Standard Deviation 0.9 8.7 8.9 0.39 0.04 0.26 4.1 41 2.5 22 37 0.87 0.72 22 99 90 -- 2 35 1.7 -- Maximum 0.081 7.52 8.7 377 124 4.20 0.53 4.63 64.9 606 23 96 182 14.3 16.8 102 686 985 4 11 519 6.0 31

 Time-series data from adit flow from seven mine sites.—Continued

310 Environmental Effects of Historical Mining, Animas River Watershed, Colorado