U.S. Department of the Interior

U.S. Geological Survey

Open-File Report 2012–1255

Prepared in cooperation with the Kickapoo Tribe of Oklahoma

Groundwater Quality and Water-Well Characteristics

in the Kickapoo Tribe of Oklahoma Jurisdictional Area, 

Central Oklahoma, 1948–2011

Groundwater Quality and Water-Well 

Characteristics in the Kickapoo Tribe of 

Oklahoma Jurisdictional Area, 

Central Oklahoma, 1948–2011

By Carol J. Becker

Open-File Report 2012–1255

U.S. Department of the Interior

U.S. Geological Survey

Prepared in cooperation with the Kickapoo Tribe of Oklahoma
U.S. Department of the Interior

SALLY JEWELL, Secretary

U.S. Geological Survey

Suzette M. Kimball, Acting Director

U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2013

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Suggested citation:

Becker, C.J., 2013, Groundwater quality and water-well characteristics in the Kickapoo Tribe of Oklahoma 

Jurisdictional Area, central Oklahoma, 1948–2011: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012–1255, 32 p., 2 pls., 

http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1255/.
iii

Contents

Abstract...........................................................................................................................................................1

Introduction.....................................................................................................................................................1

Purpose and Scope ..............................................................................................................................3

Aquifer Descriptions.............................................................................................................................3

Alluvial and Terrace Aquifers ....................................................................................................3

Bedrock Aquifers.........................................................................................................................3

Methods...........................................................................................................................................................6

Groundwater Quality .....................................................................................................................................6

Water-Well Characteristics .........................................................................................................................8

Summary..........................................................................................................................................................8

References......................................................................................................................................................8

Figures

1. Map showing surficial geology and location of the Central Oklahoma

aquifer and study area in parts of Lincoln, Oklahoma, and Pottawatomie

Counties, Oklahoma......................................................................................................................2

Plates

(Available at http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1255.)

1. Map showing surficial geology, aquifers, and wells with historical water-quality 

data in the study area in parts of Lincoln, Oklahoma, and Pottawatomie Counties, 

Oklahoma, 1948–2011.

2. Map showing ranges in well yields and well depths, in addition to depth-to-water 

contours, in the study area in parts of Lincoln, Oklahoma, and Pottawatomie 

Counties, Oklahoma.

Tables

1. Maximum Contaminant Levels and Secondary Maximum Contaminant

Levels of pH, major ions, trace elements, and radionuclides in public

drinking-water supplies...............................................................................................................4

2. Water-quality information for wells shown on plate 1 in the study area

in parts of Lincoln, Oklahoma, and Pottawatomie Counties,

Oklahoma, 1948–2011 .................................................................................................................11

3. Statistical summaries of well depth, water properties, and selected

constituent concentrations of samples from wells in the study area

in parts of Lincoln, Oklahoma, and Pottawatomie Counties,

Oklahoma, 1948–2011 ...................................................................................................................7
iv

Conversion Factors

Inch/Pound to SI

Multiply By To obtain

Length

inch (in.) 2.54 centimeter (cm)

inch (in.) 25.4 millimeter (mm)

foot (ft) 0.3048 meter (m)

mile (mi) 1.609 kilometer (km)

Area

square mile (mi2) 259.0 hectare (ha)

square mile (mi2) 2.590 square kilometer (km2)

Volume

gallon (gal) 3.785 liter (L)

gallon (gal) 0.003785 cubic meter (m3)

Flow rate

gallon per minute (gal/min) 0.06309 liter per second (L/s)

Temperature in degrees Celsius (°C) may be converted to degrees Fahrenheit (°F) as follows:

°F = (1.8 × °C)+32

Temperature in degrees Fahrenheit (°F) may be converted to degrees Celsius (°C) as follows:

°C = (°F - 32) / 1.8

Vertical coordinate information is referenced to the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 

(NAVD 88).

Horizontal coordinate information is referenced to the North American Datum of 1983 (NAD 83).

Altitude, as used in this report, refers to distance above the vertical datum.

Specific conductance is given in microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius (μS/cm at 

25 °C).

Concentrations of chemical constituents in water are given in either milligrams per liter (mg/L) 

or micrograms per liter (μg/L).

Concentrations of radionuclides in water are given in picocuries per liter (pCi/L).

Laboratory reporting level (LRL) — The LRL is generally equal to twice the yearly determined 

long-term method detection (LT–MDL). The LRL controls false negative error. The probability of 

falsely reporting a nondetection for a sample that contained an analyte at a concentration equal 

to or greater than the LRL is predicted to be less than or equal to 1 percent. The value of the 

LRL will be reported with a “less than” remark code for samples in which the analyte was not 

detected. The U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory collects quality-control 

data from selected analytical methods on a continuing basis to determine LT–MDLs and to 

establish LRLs. These values are reevaluated annually on the basis of the most current qualitycontrol data and, therefore, may change (Childress and others, 1999).
Groundwater Quality and Water-Well Characteristics 

in the Kickapoo Tribe of Oklahoma Jurisdictional Area, 

Central Oklahoma, 1948–2011

By Carol J. Becker

Abstract

In 2012, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation 

with the Kickapoo Tribe of Oklahoma, compiled historical 

groundwater-quality data collected from 1948 to 2011 and 

water-well completion information in parts of Lincoln, 

Oklahoma, and Pottawatomie Counties in central Oklahoma 

to support the development of a comprehensive watermanagement plan for the Tribe’s jurisdictional area. In this 

study, water-quality data from 155 water wells, collected 

from 1948 to 2011, were retrieved from the U.S. Geological 

Survey National Water Information System database; these 

data include measurements of pH, specific conductance, and 

hardness and concentrations of the major ions, trace elements, 

and radionuclides that have Maximum Contaminant Levels or 

Secondary Maximum Contaminant Levels in public drinkingwater supplies. Information about well characteristics includes 

ranges of well yield and well depth of private water wells in 

the study area and was compiled from the Oklahoma Water 

Resources Board Multi-Purpose Well Completion Report 

database. This report also shows depth to water from land 

surface by using shaded 30-foot contours that were created by 

using a geographic information system and spatial layers of a 

2009 potentiometric surface (groundwater elevation) and landsurface elevation.

Wells in the study area produce water from the North 

Canadian River alluvial and terrace aquifers, the underlying 

Garber Sandstone and Wellington Formation that compose the 

Garber–Wellington aquifer, and the Chase, Council Grove, and 

Admire Groups. Water quality varies substantially between 

the alluvial and terrace aquifers and bedrock aquifers in the 

study area. Water from the alluvial aquifer has relatively high 

concentrations of dissolved solids and generally is used for 

livestock only, whereas water from the terrace aquifer has low 

concentrations of dissolved solids and is used extensively by 

households in the study area. Water from the bedrock aquifer 

also is used extensively by households but may have high 

concentrations of trace elements, including uranium, in some 

areas where groundwater pH is above 8.0. 

Well yields vary and are dependent on aquifer 

characteristics and well-completion practices. Well yields in 

the unconsolidated alluvial and terrace aquifers generally are 

higher than yields from bedrock aquifers but are limited by the 

thickness and extent of these river deposits. Well yields in the 

alluvium and terrace aquifers commonly range from 50 to 150 

gallons per minute and may exceed 300 gallons per minute, 

whereas well yields in the bedrock aquifers commonly range 

from 25 to 50 gallons per minute in the western one-third of 

study area (Oklahoma County) and generally less than 25 

gallons per minute in the eastern two-thirds of the study area 

(Lincoln and Pottawatomie Counties). 

Introduction

In 2012, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in 

cooperation with the Kickapoo Tribe of Oklahoma, compiled 

historical groundwater-quality data collected from 1948 to 2011 

and water-well characteristics in parts of Lincoln, Oklahoma, 

and Pottawatomie Counties in central Oklahoma to support 

the development of a comprehensive water-management 

plan for the Tribe’s jurisdictional area (fig. 1). Wells in the 

study area produce water from aquifers in the North Canadian 

River alluvium and terrace deposits and from the underlying 

Garber Sandstone and Wellington Formation that compose the 

Garber–Wellington aquifer and the Chase, Council Grove, and 

Admire Groups. The bedrock aquifers are part of a complex 

of sandstone, siltstone, and mudstone rocks, referred to as the 

“Central Oklahoma aquifer,” that underlies about 2,890 square 

miles of central Oklahoma (fig. 1) and is the primary water 

supply for municipal, domestic, industrial, and agricultural 

needs (Tortorelli, 2009).
2 Groundwater Quality and Water-Well Characteristics in the Kickapoo Tribe of Oklahoma Jurisdictional Area, 1948–2011

LINCOLN

COUNTY

LOGAN

COUNTY

OKLAHOMA

COUNTY

MCCLAIN

COUNTY

POTTAWATOMIE

COUNTY

CLEVELAND

COUNTY

-97°40' -97°20' -97°00' -96°40' -96°20'

36°00'

35°40'

35°20'

35°00'

CENTRAL OKLAHOMA AQUIFER

Oklahoma

North Canadian River

Figure 1. Surficial geology and location of the Central Oklahoma aquifer and study area in parts of Lincoln, Oklahoma, 

and Pottawatomie CountiesOklahoma

Kickapoo Tribe of 

Oklahoma 

Jurisdictional Area

(study area)

Terrace deposits

Alluvium

Water

Garber Sandstone

Wellington Formation

Chase, Council Grove, and Admire 

Groups (undifferentiated) 

PERMIAN

QUATERNARY

Hennessey Group

Base and stream data from U.S. Geological Survey digital data, 1:100,000, 1983

Albers Equal Area Conic projection, North American Datum 1983

EXPLANATION

Geology from Lindberg, 1987, and Bingham and Moore, 1975

0 10 20 MILES

0 10 20 KILOMETERS

Garber-Wellington aquifer

Figure 1. Surficial geology and location of the Central Oklahoma aquifer and study area in parts of Lincoln, Oklahoma, and 

Pottawatomie Counties, Oklahoma.
Introduction 3

Water quality varies substantially between the North 

Canadian River alluvial and terrace aquifers and bedrock 

aquifers in the study area. Water from the alluvial aquifer has 

relatively high concentrations of dissolved solids and generally 

is used for livestock only, whereas water from the terrace 

aquifers has low concentrations of dissolved solids and is used 

extensively by households in the study area (Bingham and 

Moore, 1975). Water from the bedrock aquifers also is used 

extensively by households but may have high concentrations 

of trace elements, including radionuclides, in some areas where 

groundwater pH is above 8.0 (Becker, 2013). The trace elements 

occur naturally in the bedrock and in low concentrations in 

groundwater throughout the extent of the bedrock aquifers 

(Christenson and Havens, 1998; Schlottmann and others, 1998).

Well yields vary and are dependent on aquifer 

characteristics and well-completion practices. Well yields in 

the unconsolidated alluvial and terrace aquifers generally are 

higher than in bedrock aquifers but are limited by the thickness 

and extent of these river deposits (Bingham and Moore, 1975). 

Wells completed in the underlying consolidated bedrock aquifers 

have smaller yields in the eastern parts of the tribal jurisdictional 

area because the bedrock becomes shalier and is less permeable 

(Bingham and Moore, 1975; Becker, 2013). 

Purpose and Scope

The purpose of this report is to provide information 

about groundwater quality and water-well characteristics in 

the Kickapoo Tribe of Oklahoma Jurisdictional Area in parts 

of Lincoln, Oklahoma, and Pottawatomie Counties. The 

information is displayed on maps, listed in tables, and described 

in the text of the report. Locations of 155 wells that have 

historical water-quality information from samples collected by 

the USGS are shown on a map (plate 1). These samples were 

collected from 1948 to 2011 and may include measurements 

of the water properties pH, specific conductance, and calcium 

hardness and concentrations of naturally occurring constituents 

having Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCLs) or Secondary 

Maximum Contaminant Levels (SMCLs) in public drinkingwater supplies (table 1). The water-quality information and 

summary statistics are provided on tables (tables 2 and 3). 

Ranges of well yield and depth of water wells drilled by 

licensed well drillers are shown on a second map (plate 2). This 

information is overlaid on shaded contours showing depth to 

water in feet below land surface.

Aquifer Descriptions

In the study area, water wells produce water from 

alluvial and terrace aquifers along the North Canadian 

River and the underlying bedrock aquifers. These aquifers 

are unconfined (water-table) aquifers that are hydraulically 

connected but contain discontinuous beds of clay that locally 

slow the downward movement of groundwater (Christenson 

and Havens, 1998). 

Alluvial and Terrace Aquifers

In Oklahoma, aquifers in the alluvium and terrace deposits 

along rivers and streams consist of unconsolidated lens-shaped 

beds of sand, silt, clay, and gravel. Alluvium is located in river 

valleys and active stream channels, whereas terrace deposits are 

located at higher elevations and were deposited during previous 

episodes of flooding when the river bed was at a higher elevation. 

In central Oklahoma along major rivers, alluvium ranges from 

about 30 to 100 feet thick and averages about 50 feet thick. 

Terrace deposits can range from a few feet thick to about 100 

feet thick and average about 50 feet thick along major streams in 

central Oklahoma (Bingham and Moore, 1975). In the study area, 

alluvium and terrace deposits are very permeable and are major 

sources of water where thick enough to sustain acceptable yields 

(Bingham and Moore, 1975). 

Groundwater quality varies in the alluvial and terrace 

aquifers. In the study area, groundwater from the North Canadian 

River alluvium is typically of fair-to-poor quality having high 

dissolved solid concentrations (Bingham and Moore, 1975). 

Groundwater from the alluvium generally is used only for 

irrigation or livestock. In contrast, groundwater from the terrace 

deposits originates primarily from precipitation and has low 

dissolved solids content and tends to be acidic. Water from wells 

in the terrace deposits is used extensively for domestic use along 

the North Canadian River Valley in the study area (Bingham and 

Moore, 1975; Becker, 2013). 

Bedrock Aquifers

Bedrock aquifers in the study area are part of the Central 

Oklahoma aquifer and consist of the Garber–Wellington aquifer 

and the Chase, Council Grove, and Admire Groups (fig. 1). The 

Garber–Wellington aquifer is composed of the Garber Sandstone 

and the Wellington Formation and is the major source of water for 

domestic use, public supply, irrigation, industry, and other uses 

in central Oklahoma (Tortorelli, 2009). The Garber Sandstone 

consists of lenticular beds of orange-brown fine-grained sandstone 

interbedded with siltstone and mudstone and small amounts of 

conglomerate (Breit, 1998). The lithology of the Wellington 

Formation is similar to that of the Garber Sandstone, but finer 

grained, containing a larger percentage of siltstone and mudstone. 

The Chase, Council Grove, and Admire Groups, also referred to 

as the Oscar Group by Bingham and Moore (1975), consist of redbrown to gray shale and orange-brown, fine-grained, crossbedded 

sandstone. 

All of the bedrock units in this area gently dip in a westerly 

direction at about 50 feet per mile (Christenson and Havens, 1998) 

and become shalier (finer grained) in an easterly direction and 

with depth (Schlottmann and others, 1998), yielding less water 

in those parts of the aquifer. Previous mapping indicated that 

only about 16 percent of the Chase, Council Grove, and Admire 

Groups consist of sandstone, whereas sandstone content of the 

Garber–Wellington aquifer ranges from about 70 percent in the 

northwest corner of the jurisdictional area to about 30 percent in 

the southeastern part of the study area (Schlottmann and others, 

1998, fig. 3). 
Table 1. Maximum Contaminant Levels and Secondary Maximum Contaminant Levels of pH, major ions, trace elements, and radionuclides in public [μS/cm, microsiemens per centimeter; mg/L, milligrams per liter; μg/L, micrograms per liter; pCi/L, picocuries per liter; —, not available; >, greater than; blue shading, water pary Maximum Contaminant Level; red shading, constituent has Maximum Contaminant Level] Water properties and chemical constituents (units) Secondary Maximum Contaminant Level1 Maximum Contaminant Level2 Aesthetic effects above the Secondary Maximum Contaminant Level1 Poten

from lon

Maxi

pH (standard units) 6.5–8.5 — Low pH: bitter metallic taste and corrosion of pipes. High pH: slip- pery feel, soda taste, and mineral deposits on fixtures. Specific conductance (μS/cm at 25 degrees Celsius) — — Dissolved solids (mg/L) 500 — Hardness, mineral deposits and/or staining on fixtures, colored water, salty taste. Hardness (mg/L as calcium carbonate) — — 0–60, soft (corrosive); 61–120, moderately hard; 121–180, hard; >180, very hard (mineral deposits on fixtures). Chloride (mg/L) 250 — Salty taste. Fluoride (mg/L) 2 4 Tooth disNitrate nitrogen (mg/L as nitrogen) — 10 Infants y

risk of 

Sulfate (mg/L) 250 — Aesthetic effects related to odor and taste. Aluminum (μg/L) 50–200 — Aesthetic effects related to color. Arsenic (μg/L) — 10 Increased 

age; ci

Barium (μg/L) — 2,000 Increase Beryllium (μg/L) — 4 Intestinal Cadmium (μg/L) — 5 Kidney dChromium (μg/L) — 100 Allergic dCopper (μg/L) 1,000 31,300 Aesthetic effects related to odor, taste, and color. Liver or k
Water properties and chemical constituents (units)

Secondary

Maximum

Contaminant

Level1

Maximum

Contaminant

Level2

Aesthetic effects above

the Secondary Maximum

Contaminant Level1

Poten

from lon

Maxi

Iron (μg/L) 300 — Aesthetic effects related to odor, taste, and color.Lead (μg/L) — 315 

Delays in 

velopmproblein adul

Manganese (μg/L) 50 — Black staining on fixtures; bitter metallic taste.Mercury (μg/L) — 2 Kidney dSelenium (μg/L) — 50

Loss of h

in fingproble

Zinc (μg/L) 5,000 — Metallic taste.Uranium, natural (μg/L) — 30

Increased 

cancer

Gross alpha-particle activity (pCi/L) — 15 Increased Gross beta-particle activity (pCi/L) — 4 millirems per year 4 Increased Radium-226 (pCi/L)

—

5 (concentrations 

combined) Increased 

Radium-228 (pCi/L)Radon-222 (pCi/L) — Not finalized5 Lung can

1U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (2012b).2U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (2012a).3Copper and lead are regulated by a treatment technique that requires systems to control the corrosiveness of the water. If more than 10 percent of tap water samples exceed th

(MCL) of either constituent, then water systems must take corrective steps. For copper, the action level is 1,300 μg/L, and for lead it is 15 μg/L. 

4The MCL is a concentration of beta-particle activity from radionuclides in drinking water that produces an annual radiation dose of 4 millirems per year (U.S. Environmental 5The MCL for radon in public water-supply systems will be 4,000 pCi/L if multimedia mitigation programs are established to address radon in indoor air. A second option is a

that choose not to develop multimedia mitigation programs (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2012a).
6 Groundwater Quality and Water-Well Characteristics in the Kickapoo Tribe of Oklahoma Jurisdictional Area, 1948–2011

Methods

Historical water-quality information for 155 water wells in 

the Kickapoo Tribal Jurisdictional Area was retrieved from the 

USGS National Water Information System (NWIS) database 

(U.S. Geological Survey, 2012a) (plate 1) in January 2012 and 

includes well depth; measurements of pH, specific conductance, 

dissolved solids, and hardness; and concentrations of the major 

ions, trace elements, and radionuclides that have MCLs or 

SMCLs in public drinking-water supplies (U.S. Environmental 

Protection Agency, 2012a, 2012b) (tables 2, at end of report, 

and 3). Information about other constituents that were measured 

in the samples but are not shown in table 2 can be found in the 

USGS NWIS database (U.S. Geological Survey, 2012a).

Well depths, water properties, and selected constituent 

concentrations (of sampled wells on table 2) were summarized 

statistically (table 3). The median water-property value or 

chemical constituent concentration was used for calculating 

statistics when multiple analyses were collected from one well. 

Twelve chloride concentrations were less than the reporting 

level and were not used to calculate summary statistics. 

Information for ranges in well depth and well yield shown 

on plate 2 was retrieved from the Oklahoma Water Resources 

Board Multi-Purpose Well Completion Report database in 

November 2011 (Oklahoma Water Resources Board, 2011). 

This database contains well-completion information submitted 

to the Oklahoma Water Resources Board by licensed well 

drillers from 1982 to 2011. The information shown on plate 2 

was not statistically summarized.

The number of wells used to compute ranges of well 

depths and well yields varied from 1 to 93 per Public Land 

Survey System section and is shown in parentheses in each 

section on plate 2. Well depths are described in feet below 

land surface, and well yields are listed in gallons per minute. 

Sections that did not have any reported wells do not show 

ranges. The information on plate 2 should be used with caution, 

as the accuracy of well depths, well yields, and well locations 

submitted by well drillers has not been field verified by the 

Oklahoma Water Resources Board or the USGS. 

Plate 2 also shows depth to water from land surface by 

using shaded 30-foot contours that were created by using a 

geographic information system and spatial layers of the 2009 

potentiometric surface (groundwater elevation) in the Central 

Oklahoma aquifer (Mashburn and Magers, 2011) and the 

land-surface elevation (U.S. Geological Survey, 2006). The 

potentiometric-surface map (Mashburn and Magers, 2011) was 

converted from a vector dataset having a contour interval of 50 

feet to a raster dataset having a 10-meter grid cell resolution 

by using the ESRI (ESRI Inc., Redlands, California) ArcGIS 

10.0 command TopoToRaster (ESRI Inc., 2012a). The landsurface-elevation spatial layer was a raster product of the 

National Elevation Dataset which has a 10-meter grid cell 

resolution (U.S. Geological Survey, 2006). Depth to water in 

feet was computed as the difference between the two raster 

datasets by using the ArcGIS 10.0 Raster Calculator Tool 

(ESRI Inc., 2012b). 

Groundwater Quality

The historical water-quality data (table 2) for the 155 wells 

(plate 1) may contain information about pH and concentrations 

of the major ions, trace elements, and radionuclides that have 

an MCL or SMCL for public drinking-water supplies (U.S. 

Environmental Protection Agency, 2012a, 2012b). The number 

of analyses and the number of constituents analyzed for each 

well varied. Some wells had multiple samples analyzed for 

many constituents, whereas other wells may have had only 

pH measured. 

The quality of water from private wells is not regulated, 

so the MCLs and SMCLs should be used only as guides for 

substances that may pose problems for human health or water 

uses (table 1). An MCL is a constituent concentration that 

cannot be legally exceeded in public drinking-water supplies. 

Constituents that have an MCL are considered hazardous to 

health when they are consumed for a lifetime at concentrations 

exceeding the MCL. For example, the MCL for uranium in 

public drinking-water supplies is 30 micrograms per liter, the 

exposure level likely to cause a 1 in 10,000 risk of developing 

a fatal cancer over a lifetime of 70 years of consuming 2 liters 

(0.53 gallon) of water a day (U.S. Environmental Protection 

Agency, 2000). More information about the health effects 

of consuming groundwater constituents at concentrations 

exceeding MCLs can be found in U.S. Environmental 

Protection Agency (2012b). An SMCL is a constituent 

concentration that is recommended and is used as a guideline 

for constituents that may have negative aesthetic effects at 

high concentrations. For example, concentrations of iron or 

manganese that exceed the SMCL may cause staining of water 

fixtures and give water a metallic taste but are not considered 

hazardous to health. 

Wells were color-coded on plate 1 to indicate if constituent 

concentrations in a sample exceeded an MCL and (or) an 

SMCL. The water-quality data are listed in table 2. Color codes 

on plate 1 indicate water quality as follows: 

• black, all constituent concentrations were below the 

MCLs and SMCLs; 

• blue, one or more constituent concentrations or pH 

exceeded the SMCL; 

• red, one or more constituent concentrations exceeded 

the MCL; 

• red/blue, one or more constituent concentrations or pH 

exceeded the SMCL and MCL. 

Summary statistics indicate that the pH of 152 samples 

collected in the study area ranged from 5.2 to 8.9 with median 

and mean values of 7.3 (table 3). Samples from shallow wells 

completed in the terrace aquifer tend to have a lower pH, 

whereas samples from deeper wells completed in the Garber–

Wellington aquifer tend to have a higher pH (Becker, 2013). 

The lower SMCL for pH is 6.5 because acidic groundwater can 

corrode metal pipes and water fixtures (table 1). 
Groundwater Quality 7

Table 3. Statistical summaries of well depth, water properties, and selected constituent concentrations of samples from wells in the 

study area in parts of Lincoln, Oklahoma, and Pottawatomie Counties, Oklahoma, 1948–2011.

[μS/cm, microsiemens per centimeter; mg/L, milligrams per liter; CaCO3, calcium carbonate]

Property or chemical constituent Number of 

values Minimum

Percentiles

25 50 Maximum Mean

(median)

75

Well depth (feet below land surface) 139 7 60 110 150 412 114

pH (standard units) 152 5.2 6.8 7.3 7.9 8.9 7.3

Specific conductance, field 

(μS/cm at 25 degrees Celsius) 146 100 392 623 810 8,920 817

Hardness 

(mg/L as CaCO3) 132 4.9 121 201 306 1,310 224

Dissolved solids (mg/L) 71 81 268 409 523 8,310 631

Chloride (mg/L) 72 4.7 13 25 48 1,100 68

Sulfate (mg/L) 115 2.5 12 24 47 5,410 107

The concentration of dissolved solids in a water sample 

is equal to the sum of all dissolved constituent concentrations 

and has an SMCL of 500 milligrams per liter (mg/L) in public 

drinking-water supplies (U.S. Environmental Protection 

Agency, 2012a). Specific conductance is the measurement 

of the ability of water to transmit an electrical current 

and is directly related to the concentration of dissolved 

constituents in water. For example, distilled water, which has 

no dissolved constituents but is a polar liquid, will conduct 

minimal electricity, whereas sea water, which contains high 

concentrations of the dissolved constituents sodium and 

chloride, is highly conductive. The concentration of dissolved 

solids in a water sample generally is measured by using 

laboratory methods, whereas specific conductance can be 

quickly and inexpensively measured in the field. Specific 

conductance values measured in samples from 146 wells ranged 

from 100 to 8,920 microsiemens per centimeter and had a 

median of 623 and a mean of 817 microsiemens per centimeter 

(tables 2 and 3). Concentrations of dissolved solids in 71 

samples ranged from 81 to 8,310 mg/L with a median of 409 

mg/L and a mean of 631 mg/L (tables 2 and 3). 

Water hardness in the study area is caused primarily by 

dissolved calcium and magnesium. Hardness does not have an 

MCL or SMCL, but information on water hardness is useful for 

making decisions about water use and water treatment because 

hard water can leave buildup of scale on pipes and fixtures and 

requires larger amounts of soap and detergent for washing (U.S. 

Geological Survey, 2012b). Water with hardness concentrations 

greater than 180 mg/L (as calcium carbonate) is considered to 

be very hard (table 1). Generally, groundwater in the study area 

is very hard, with concentrations in 132 samples ranging from 

4.9 to 1,310 mg/L with a median of 201 mg/L and a mean of 

224 mg/L (as calcium carbonate) (tables 2 and 3). 

The SMCL for the major ions chloride and sulfate is 250 

mg/L in public drinking-water supplies (U.S. Environmental 

Protection Agency, 2012a) (table 1). Chloride concentrations 

in 72 samples ranged from 4.7 to 1,100 mg/L with a median 

of 25 mg/L and a mean of 68 mg/L (tables 2 and 3). Sulfate 

concentrations in 115 samples ranged from 2.5 to 5,410 mg/L 

with a median of 24 mg/L and a mean of 107 mg/L (tables 2 

and 3). 

Groundwater from deep wells completed in the bedrock 

has the potential to contain high concentrations of the trace 

elements arsenic, chromium, selenium, and uranium (uranium 

also is a radionuclide) (Schlottmann and others, 1998; Becker, 

2013). These elements occur naturally in the bedrock and in 

low concentrations in groundwater throughout the extent of 

the bedrock aquifers in central Oklahoma (Christenson and 

Havens, 1998; Schlottmann and others, 1998). Concentrations 

of these elements in groundwater are dependent in part on the 

presence of these elements in the bedrock and groundwater 

pH. Concentrations of trace elements in the bedrock tend to 

increase with depth and as the sediments become finer-grained 

(Schlottmann and others, 1998; Gromadzki, 2004). At pH 

values greater than 8.0, these elements are liberated from the 

bedrock (if present) and are mobile in groundwater. Historical 

water-quality data show that water samples from three wells 

in the study area had concentrations of arsenic exceeding the 

MCL and that one sample had a concentration of selenium 

exceeding the MCL (plate 1 and table 2). Concentrations 
8 Groundwater Quality and Water-Well Characteristics in the Kickapoo Tribe of Oklahoma Jurisdictional Area, 1948–2011

of uranium exceeded the MCL in water samples from 13 

wells in the study area and 5 of these samples had high 

concentrations of dissolved radon gas (plate 1 and table 2). 

USGS studies have shown that groundwater pH values above 

8.0 in the study area are useful indicators for potentially high 

concentrations of uranium (and the daughter product dissolved 

radon gas) in addition to arsenic, chromium, and selenium in 

groundwater when these elements are present in the bedrock 

along groundwater-flow paths (Schlottmann and others, 1998; 

Becker, 2013). 

Water-Well Characteristics

Well depth and an estimate of well yield in gallons per 

minute are typically reported by licensed well drillers for 

completed water wells in Oklahoma. This information can be 

used for making decisions about designing and constructing 

new wells for optimum well yield. 

Depths of wells having historical water-quality data in the 

study area show that 50 percent of the wells ranged from 60 

to 150 feet deep with a median well depth of 110 feet (tables 

2 and 3). Wells completed in only the alluvium and terrace 

deposits tend to be shallower than wells in the bedrock aquifers 

(Bingham and Moore, 1975). However, many wells completed 

in the terrace deposits also are completed in the underlying 

bedrock aquifer and yield water from multiple zones (Oklahoma 

Water Resources Board, 2011).

Well yields in the unconsolidated alluvial and terrace 

aquifers commonly range from 50 to 150 gallons per minute 

and may exceed 300 gallons per minute in some areas 

(Bingham and Moore, 1975). Well yields in the bedrock 

aquifers commonly range from 25 to 50 gallons per minute in 

the western one-third of study area (Oklahoma County) and 

generally less than 25 gallons per minute in the eastern twothirds of the study area (Lincoln and Pottawatomie Counties) 

(Bingham and Moore, 1975).

Summary

In 2012, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation 

with the Kickapoo Tribe of Oklahoma, compiled historical 

groundwater-quality and water-well completion information 

in parts of Lincoln, Oklahoma, and Pottawatomie Counties 

to support the development of a comprehensive watermanagement plan for the Tribe’s jurisdictional area. Wells in the 

study area produce water from the alluvial and terrace aquifers, 

the underlying Garber Sandstone and Wellington Formation 

that compose the Garber–Wellington aquifer, and the Chase, 

Council Grove, and Admire Groups. 

Historical water-quality data for 155 water wells in the 

study area were retrieved from the U.S. Geological Survey 

National Water Information System database and include 

measurements of pH, specific conductance, and hardness 

and concentrations of the major ions, trace elements, and 

radionuclides that have Maximum Contaminant Levels or 

Secondary Maximum Contaminant Levels in public drinkingwater supplies. The quality of water from private wells is not 

regulated, so the Maximum Contaminant Levels and Secondary 

Maximum Contaminant Levels should be used only as guides 

for substances that may pose problems for human health or 

water uses. The pH of 152 samples collected in the study area 

ranged from 5.2 to 8.9 with median and mean values of 7.3. 

Water from shallow wells completed in the terrace aquifer 

tends to have a lower pH, whereas water from deeper wells 

completed in the bedrock aquifer tends to have a higher pH. 

USGS studies have shown that groundwater pH values above 

8.0 in the study area are useful indicators for potentially high 

concentrations of uranium (and the daughter product dissolved 

radon gas) in addition to arsenic, chromium, and selenium in 

groundwater when these elements are present in the bedrock 

along groundwater-flow paths.

Ranges of yield and depth of private water wells are 

provided per Public Land Survey System section. This 

information was compiled from the Oklahoma Water Resources 

Board Multi-Purpose Well Completion Report database. Well 

yields vary and are dependent on aquifer characteristics and 

well-completion practices. Well yields in the alluvial and terrace 

aquifers generally are higher than in the bedrock aquifers but 

are limited by the thickness and extent of these river deposits. 

Well yields in the alluvial and terrace aquifers commonly 

range from 50 to 150 gallons per minute and may exceed 

300 gallons per minute, whereas well yields in the bedrock 

aquifers commonly range from 25 to 50 gallons per minute in 

the western one-third of study area (Oklahoma County) and 

generally less than 25 gallons per minute in the eastern twothirds of the study area (Lincoln and Pottawatomie Counties). 

References

Becker, C.J., 2013, Groundwater quality and the relation 

between pH values and occurrence of trace elements and 

radionuclides in water samples collected from private wells 

in part of the Kickapoo Tribe of Oklahoma Jurisdictional 

Area, central Oklahoma, 2011: U.S. Geological Survey 

Scientific Investigations Report 2012–5253, 47 p., 5 apps. 

(Also available at http://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5253/.)
References 9

Bingham, R.H., and Moore, R.L., 1975, Reconnaissance of the 

water resources of the Oklahoma City quadrangle, central 

Oklahoma: Oklahoma Geological Survey Hydrologic Atlas 

4, 4 sheets.

Breit, G.N., 1998, The diagenetic history of Permian rocks 

in the Central Oklahoma Aquifer, in Christenson, Scott, 

and Havens, J.S., eds., Ground-water quality assessment 

of the Central Oklahoma aquifer, Oklahoma—Results of 

investigations: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 

2357–A, p. 45–61. (Also available at http://pubs.er.usgs.

gov/publication/wsp2357A.)

Childress, C.J.O., Forman, W.T., Connor, B.F., and Maloney, 

T.J., 1999, New reporting procedures based on long-term 

method detection levels and some considerations for 

interpretations of water-quality data provided by the U.S. 

Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory: U.S. 

Geological Survey Open-File Report 99–193, 19 p. (Also 

available at http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/ofr99193#.)

Christenson, Scott, and Havens, J.S., eds., 1998, Groundwater-quality assessment of the Central Oklahoma 

aquifer, Oklahoma—Results of investigations, 1985: U.S. 

Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 2357–A, 179 p. 

(Also available at http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/

wsp2357A.)

ESRI Inc., 2012a, TopoToRaster command: accessed August 

2012, at http://help.arcgis.com/en/sdk/10.0/java_ao_adf/

api/arcobjects/com/esri/arcgis/geoprocessing/tools/

analyst3dtools/topotoraster.html.

ESRI Inc., 2012b, Raster Calculator (Spatial Analyst); 

ArcGIS Resource Center: accessed August 2012, at 

http://help.arcgis.com/en/arcgisdesktop/10.0/help/index.

html#//009z000000z7000000.htm.

Gromadzki, G.A., 2004, Outcrop-based gamma-ray 

characterization of arsenic-bearing lithofacies in the 

Garber–Wellington formation, Central Oklahoma aquifer, 

Cleveland County, Oklahoma: Stillwater, Oklahoma State 

University, M.S. thesis, 231 p.

Lindberg, F.A., ed., 1987, Correlation of stratigraphic units 

of North America (COSUNA) project, Texas-Oklahoma 

tectonic region: American Association of Petroleum 

Geologists, 1 sheet.

Mashburn, S.L., and Magers, Jessica, 2011, Potentiometric 

surface in the Central Oklahoma (Garber-Wellington) 

aquifer, Oklahoma: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific 

Investigations Map 3147, 1 sheet, scale 1:24,000. (Also 

available at http://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3147/.)

Oklahoma Water Resources Board, 2011, Multi-Purpose Well 

Completion Report database: accessed November 1, 2011, 

at http://www.owrb.ok.gov/maps/server/wims.php.

Schlottmann, J.L., Mosier, E.L., and Breit, G.N., 1998, 

Arsenic, chromium, selenium, and uranium in the Central 

Oklahoma aquifer, in Christenson, Scott, and Havens, 

J.S., eds., Ground-water quality assessment of the Central 

Oklahoma aquifer, Oklahoma—Results of investigations: 

U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 2357–A, 

p. 119–179. (Also available at http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/

publication/wsp2357A.)

Tortorelli, R.L., 2009, Water use in Oklahoma 1950–2005: 

U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 

2009–5212, 49 p. (Also available at http://pubs.usgs.gov/

sir/2009/5212/.)

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2000, National 

primary drinking water regulation; radionuclides; final rule: 

Federal Register; 12/07/2000. (Also available at https://

www.federalregister.gov/articles/2000/12/07/00-30421/

national-primary-drinking-water-regulations-radionuclidesfinal-rule#h-18.) 

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2012a, Drinkingwater contaminants; list of contaminants and their MCLs: 

accessed March 31, 2011, at http://www.epa.gov/safewater/

contaminants/index.html.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2012b, Secondary 

drinking water regulations—Guidance for nuisance 

chemicals: accessed March 31, 2011, at http://water.epa.

gov/drink/contaminants/secondarystandards.cfm.

U.S. Geological Survey, 2006, National Elevation Dataset: 

accessed August 2012 at http://ned.usgs.gov/.

U.S. Geological Survey, 2012a, National Water Information 

System database—Water quality samples for the Nation: 

accessed January 2012 at http://nwis.waterdata.usgs.gov/

nwis/qwdata.

U.S. Geological Survey, 2012b, USGS water-quality 

information—Water hardness and alkalinity: accessed 

January 2012 at http://water.usgs.gov/owq/hardnessalkalinity.html.
10 Groundwater Quality and Water-Well Characteristics in the Kickapoo Tribe of Oklahoma Jurisdictional Area, 1948–2011 Table 2
Table 2. Water-quality information for wells shown on plate 1 in the study area in parts of Lincoln, Oklahoma, and Pottawatomie Counties, Oklahoma[Water-quality data were retrieved from the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Information System database (U.S. Geological Survey, 2012a) in January 2012. All concentrfiltered water unless otherwise noted. Blue font denotes value exceeds Secondary Maximum Contaminant Level for public drinking-water supplies (U.S. Environmental Protectidenotes value exceeds Maximum Contaminant Level for public drinking-water supplies (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2012a). USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; μS/cmmg/L, milligrams per liter; CaCO3, calcium carbonate; μg/L, micrograms per liter; pCi/L, picocuries per liter; 30 d, 30 days; 72 h, 72 hours; —, not available or not measured; <at concentration less than reporting level; ND, not detected; E, estimated. Estimated concentrations are smaller than a minimum concentration that can be reliably reported by a ggenerally larger than the long-term method detection level (Childress and others, 1999). Concentrations reported as estimated indicate that the constituent is present in the water of quantitative analytical uncertainty, such as from matrix effects, associated with the reported concentration. For this report, a gross beta-particle activity of 50 picocuries per litbeta-particle concentrations that may exceed the Maximum Contaminant Level of 4 millirems per year; this particle activity is based on the U.S. Environmental Protection AgenWater Regulations (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2000), which allow public water-supply systems that are designated by a State as “vulnerable” or “contaminated” to screening level]

Well

number

USGS

identifier

Well depth 

(feet below 

land surface)

Date of 

sample

Water properties Major ions

pH

(standard 

units)

Specific

conductance

(μS/cm at 25

degrees Celsius)

Dissolved 

solids (mg/L)

Hardness 

(mg/L as 

CaCO3)

Chloride 

(mg/L)

Fluoride 

(mg/L)

1 354144097093201 7 19771126 7.4 320 — 124 — — 2 354048097052601 132 19771126 7.8 7,320 — 152 — — 3 354048096584601 159 19780106 7.1 750 — 323 — — 4 354043097020101 7 19771127 7.1 510 — 181 — — 5 353959097084701 130 19771126 7.2 450 — 193 — — 6 353948097112501 200 19851007 7.1a 791 — 320 74 — 7 353947097113901 172 19541022 7.2 972 554 389 69 0 8 353947097111501 178 19870825 7.5 911 533c 192 120 0.1 9 353938097031101 91 19880713 8.3 1,800 1,040c 25.2 280 2.9 9 353938097031101 91 19900904 8.4 1,780 — — — — 

10 353931097103301 92 19880708 6.8 398 232c 200 12 0.2 

11 353925097113101 178 20050204 — — 340 224 20 0.2 11 353925097113101 178 20050318 — — 340 226 20 0.2 11 353925097113101 178 20050425 — — 330 226 20 0.2 11 353925097113101 178 20050203 — — 340 233 20 0.2 11 353925097113101 178 19851007 7.8a 531 — 240 55 — 

12 353909097100101 101 19880621 6.8 208 138c 103 5.1 0.2 12 353909097100101 101 20040601 6.7 345 190 157 <10 0.2 12 353909097100101 101 20040226 6.8 351 170 157 <10 0.3 12 353909097100101 101 20030819 6.7 346 190 162 <10 0.2 12 353909097100101 101 20031104 6.7 346 180 166 <10 0.2 12 353909097100101 101 20030617 6.7 373 210 173 <10 0.1 12 353909097100101 101 19881221 6.4 174 — — — — 
Well number USGS identifier Well depth (feet below land surface) Date of sample Water properties Major ions pH (standard units) Specific conductance (μS/cm at 25 degrees Celsius) Dissolved solids (mg/L) Hardness (mg/L as CaCO3) Chloride (mg/L) Fluoride (mg/L) 

13 353835097020201 125 19771127 7.5 590 — 145 — — 14 353816096585901 20 19780107 7.1 1,070 — 395 — — 15 353815097045402 8 19771127 7.6 1,010 — 420 — — 16 353813097080101 15 19771126 7.1 350 — 129 — — 17 353812097140201 17 19771126 6.8 510 — 203 — — 18 353805096553801 87 19780107 7.3 1,120 — 217 — — 19 353800097040501 234 19710722 7.6 582 330 270 20 — 20 353746097114301 68 19771123 6.9 650 — 315 — — 21 353719096594601 — 19830616 7.1a — 1,380b 580 193 0.3d 22 353655097114401 — 19850604 7.4a — 222b 220 <10 0.2d 22 353655097114401 — 19830608 6.6a — 220b 240 <10 <0.1d 23 353635097081501 229 19700428 7.7 364 211 180 10 — 24 353634097120701 160 19860818 7.2a — 328b 320 10 0.3d 25 353631097093201 58 19771114 7.1 730 — 239 — — 26 353624096565001 58 19700217 8.2 760 457 130 13 — 27 353539097050801 63 19771126 7.2 970 — 304 — — 28 353539096554701 120 20040610 6.9 681 370 263 <10 0.3 28 353539096554701 120 20031106 7.2 692 360 267 <10 0.3 28 353539096554701 120 20040226 7.1 692 350 267 <10 0.4 28 353539096554701 120 20030827 7.1 680 400 276 <10 0.3 28 353539096554701 120 20030618 7.1 716 370 304 <10 0.2 29 353539096554501 131 19880616 7.1 830 490c 347 43 0.9 29 353539096554501 131 19900606 7.0 1,050 — — — — 

Table 2. Water-quality information for wells shown on plate 1 in the study area in parts of Lincoln, Oklahoma, and Pottawatomie Counties, Oklahoma[Water-quality data were retrieved from the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Information System database (U.S. Geological Survey, 2012a) in January 2012. All concentrfiltered water unless otherwise noted. Blue font denotes value exceeds Secondary Maximum Contaminant Level for public drinking-water supplies (U.S. Environmental Protectidenotes value exceeds Maximum Contaminant Level for public drinking-water supplies (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2012a). USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; μS/cmmg/L, milligrams per liter; CaCO3, calcium carbonate; μg/L, micrograms per liter; pCi/L, picocuries per liter; 30 d, 30 days; 72 h, 72 hours; —, not available or not measured; <at concentration less than reporting level; ND, not detected; E, estimated. Estimated concentrations are smaller than a minimum concentration that can be reliably reported by a ggenerally larger than the long-term method detection level (Childress and others, 1999). Concentrations reported as estimated indicate that the constituent is present in the water of quantitative analytical uncertainty, such as from matrix effects, associated with the reported concentration. For this report, a gross beta-particle activity of 50 picocuries per litbeta-particle concentrations that may exceed the Maximum Contaminant Level of 4 millirems per year; this particle activity is based on the U.S. Environmental Protection AgenWater Regulations (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2000), which allow public water-supply systems that are designated by a State as “vulnerable” or “contaminated” to screening level]
Well

number

USGS

identifier

Well depth 

(feet below 

land surface)

Date of 

sample

Water properties Major ions

pH

(standard 

units)

Specific

conductance

(μS/cm at 25

degrees Celsius)

Dissolved 

solids (mg/L)

Hardness 

(mg/L as 

CaCO3)

Chloride 

(mg/L)

Fluoride 

(mg/L)

29 353539096554501 131 19881220 7.2 720 — — — — 30 353539096554401 33 19780104 6.7 620 — 307 — — 31 353537097124101 31 19670209 8.1 698 422 330 40 — 32 353536096585001 141 19780104 6.6 610 — 199 — — 33 353522097020201 119 19771126 6.5 2,500 — 655 — — 34 353440097105501 185 19771115 6.6 750 — 280 — — 35 353435097145101 171 19771119 6.9 510 — 153 — — 36 353407097113301 140 19541022 7.5 612 326 310 10 0 37 353351096574601 162 19880615 7.2 1,270 776c 264 37 0.3 38 353335097145501 31 19720619 8.1 660 464 350 17 — 39 353332097142901 45 19720619 8.2 675 424 350 14 — 40 353328097144101 60 19890616 7.2 769 477c 342 17 0.8 40 353328097144101 60 19820609 7.1 736 — — — — 40 353328097144101 60 19900606 7.3 779 — — — — 41 353304097113201 45 19771115 6.9 390 — 71.8 — — 42 353304097083201 49 19771114 7.0 690 — 294 — — 43 353304097022001 128 19771126 7.7 940 — 226 — — 44 353302097145201 95 19720613 7.8 733 430 280 16 — 44 353302097145201 95 19820609 7.0 720 — — — — 45 353301097144801 44 19720616 8.2 620 438 360 21 — 46 353257096585501 170 19780104 7.9 990 — 67.1 — — 47 353254096560501 93 19780104 7.6 790 — 109 — — 48 353251097144801 31 19771119 6.7 960 — 306 — — 49 353250097134801 44 19720616 8.1 609 367 320 8 — 50 353250097051201 66.9 19771126 7.0 930 — 122 — — 51 353249097145101 80 19850610 7.2a — 588b 400 47 0.7d 52 353238097142001 50 19720614 8.0 3,950 2,320 — 1,100 — 53 353237097142801 50 19720615 7.9 760 524 — 17 — 54 353236097141901 52 19720613 8.0 757 454 380 5.6 — 54 353236097141901 52 19720825 8.2 809 509 402 8 — 
Well number USGS identifier Well depth (feet below land surface) Date of sample Water properties Major ions pH (standard units) Specific conductance (μS/cm at 25 degrees Celsius) Dissolved solids (mg/L) Hardness (mg/L as CaCO3) Chloride (mg/L) Fluoride (mg/L) 

55 353236097072801 140 19880524 6.5 349 199c 130 50 0.3 56 353214097141601 50 19720615 8.0 810 522 7.7 — 57 353212097142301 130 20081202 7.2 717 424 197 41.1 0.46 58 353208097142901 120 19720827 8.2 1,330 780 282 220 — 59 353207096583301 54 19890725 8.6 6,010 4,540c 217 220 3 60 353119097094101 133 19890615 7.4 490 290c 229 7 0.2 61 353052097110701 412 19741218 7.8 836 473 258 80 — 62 353050097134401 87 19651012 8.2 2,450 1,380 550 655 — 63 353040097000901 135 19870915 6.5 438 271c 144 29 0.3 63 353040097000901 135 19870915 — — — — — — 64 353032097110701 400 20050304 — — 980 292 150 0.2 64 353032097110701 400 20040616 — — 630 303 150 0.2 64 353032097110701 400 20050103 — — 690 311 150 0.2 64 353032097110701 400 20050314 — — 1,140 386 170 0.1 65 353030096554901 200 19780104 7.8 1,270 — 163 — — 66 353027097143501 73 19771119 7.0 1,470 — 465 — — 67 353027097114101 141 19771119 7.5 720 — 232 — — 68 353027097052001 149 19771126 7.8 860 — 97.1 — — 69 353023097082301 71 19771119 7.1 540 — 175 — — 70 353023097015401 15 19771126 7.1 1,160 — 422 — — 71 353021096595601 — 19830616 7.2a — 409b 200 33 0.4d 72 353020097115001 46 19690408 7.7 916 592 410 20 — 73 353019096585001 16 19780104 6.5 750 — 290 — — 

Table 2. Water-quality information for wells shown on plate 1 in the study area in parts of Lincoln, Oklahoma, and Pottawatomie Counties, Oklahoma[Water-quality data were retrieved from the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Information System database (U.S. Geological Survey, 2012a) in January 2012. All concentrfiltered water unless otherwise noted. Blue font denotes value exceeds Secondary Maximum Contaminant Level for public drinking-water supplies (U.S. Environmental Protectidenotes value exceeds Maximum Contaminant Level for public drinking-water supplies (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2012a). USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; μS/cmmg/L, milligrams per liter; CaCO3, calcium carbonate; μg/L, micrograms per liter; pCi/L, picocuries per liter; 30 d, 30 days; 72 h, 72 hours; —, not available or not measured; <at concentration less than reporting level; ND, not detected; E, estimated. Estimated concentrations are smaller than a minimum concentration that can be reliably reported by a ggenerally larger than the long-term method detection level (Childress and others, 1999). Concentrations reported as estimated indicate that the constituent is present in the water of quantitative analytical uncertainty, such as from matrix effects, associated with the reported concentration. For this report, a gross beta-particle activity of 50 picocuries per litbeta-particle concentrations that may exceed the Maximum Contaminant Level of 4 millirems per year; this particle activity is based on the U.S. Environmental Protection AgenWater Regulations (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2000), which allow public water-supply systems that are designated by a State as “vulnerable” or “contaminated” to screening level]
Well

number

USGS

identifier

Well depth 

(feet below 

land surface)

Date of 

sample

Water properties Major ions

pH

(standard 

units)

Specific

conductance

(μS/cm at 25

degrees Celsius)

Dissolved 

solids (mg/L)

Hardness 

(mg/L as 

CaCO3)

Chloride 

(mg/L)

Fluoride 

(mg/L)

74 353007097114301 80 19640706 8.0 793 488 320 34 — 75 352957097134401 30 19651012 8.4 1,170 626 160 240 — 76 352936097083901 155 19830608 7.1a — 266b 270 16 0.2d 77 352854097072301 103 19890619 6.6 459 277c 170 35 0.2 78 352851097093801 400 19880418 7.9 466 264c 127 20 0.2 78 352851097093801 400 19900530 8.4 530 — — — — 79 352844097034401 120 20110926 5.9 132 90c 38.3 7.32 0.14 80 352839097053401 160 20110323 7.4 443 — — — — 81 352820097005001 86 19710316 8.0 1,410 840 110 100 — 82 352816096554701 96 19880714 8.9 854 523c 11.5 31 0.3 83 352813097033401 60 20110314 5.6 639 — — — — 84 352813097032401 61 20110823 5.7 277 157c 65.5 49.1 <0.04 85 352812097052101 143 20110822 7.4 346 194c 143 6.89 0.16 86 352810097092901 49 19890621 7.3 469 274c 188 22 0.1 87 352807096554501 42 19771127 7.0 100 — 345 — — 88 352805097041301 95 20110803 6.0 230 — — — — 89 352800097032201 120 20110314 6.5 252 — — — — 90 352756097035501 125 20110323 5.2 125 — — — — 91 352753097040301 110 20110314 5.3 213 — — — — 92 352751097050801 103 19771126 7.5 900 — 146 — — 92 352751097050801 103 20110314 7.2 366 — — — — 93 352751097045401 255 20110815 8.2 1,020 — — — — 94 352751097041401 132 20110314 6.2 152 — — — — 95 352751097034501 100 20110323 5.2 247 — — — — 96 352748097032601 — 20110314 7.5 316 — — — — 97 352747097051401 180 20110913 6.6 285 161c 87 8.73 0.16 98 352745097041501 — 20110314 6.2 224 — — — — 99 352743097044101 110 20110318 6.0 218 — — — — 

100 352743097021102 43 19771126 8.0 1,800 — 26.6 — — 101 352734097020001 222 20110314 6.6 275 — — — — 
Well number USGS identifier Well depth (feet below land surface) Date of sample Water properties Major ions pH (standard units) Specific conductance (μS/cm at 25 degrees Celsius) Dissolved solids (mg/L) Hardness (mg/L as CaCO3) Chloride (mg/L) Fluoride (mg/L) 

102 352733097042101 110 20110318 7.5 327 — — — — 103 352732097041501 102 20111012 5.9 184 110c 64.8 9.63 0.27 104 352728097035001 110 20110318 5.6 143 — — — 105 352727096585501 91 19780104 7.5 560 — 170 — 106 352726097041401 — 20111005 6.0 223 — — — — 107 352726097035001 — 20110318 5.7 153 — — — — 108 352726097031601 125 20111012 6.5 373 198c 119 23.8 0.28 109 352717097043801 140 20111004 8.3 522 315c 49.7 26 0.7 

110 352714097034101 135 20110822 8.5 690 401c 12.2 30.9 1 

111 352712097032101 125 20110314 6.2 306 — — — — 

112 352710097034601 220 20081203 8.2 443 251 79.6 4.67 0.24 113 352704097031401 150 20110314 6.2 261 — — — — 114 352701097031901 — 20110317 6.0 424 — — — — 115 352700097032201 — 20110317 7.4 500 — — — — 116 352657097054401 80 20110318 7.5 506 — — — — 117 352657097042401 80 20110803 6.8 563 — — — — 118 352656097031601 320 20110928 8.4 687 409c 19.9 27.1 0.85 119 352655097043201 82 20110830 8.7 870 501c 8.37 76.5 1.23 

120 352654097022301 160 20110830 8.0 443 251c 93.5 16.1 0.36 121 352652097050501 86 20110804 6.9 810 — — — — 122 352651097023201 120 20110323 5.6 181 — — — — 123 352642097034801 108 20110912 8.2 632 367c 23.2 29.7 0.82 123 352642097034801 108 20110912 8.2 632 — — — — 123 352642097034801 108 19820616 8.2 571 — — — — 124 352635097025201 150 20110323 5.7 251 — — — — 

Table 2. Water-quality information for wells shown on plate 1 in the study area in parts of Lincoln, Oklahoma, and Pottawatomie Counties, Oklahoma[Water-quality data were retrieved from the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Information System database (U.S. Geological Survey, 2012a) in January 2012. All concentrfiltered water unless otherwise noted. Blue font denotes value exceeds Secondary Maximum Contaminant Level for public drinking-water supplies (U.S. Environmental Protectidenotes value exceeds Maximum Contaminant Level for public drinking-water supplies (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2012a). USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; μS/cmmg/L, milligrams per liter; CaCO3, calcium carbonate; μg/L, micrograms per liter; pCi/L, picocuries per liter; 30 d, 30 days; 72 h, 72 hours; —, not available or not measured; <at concentration less than reporting level; ND, not detected; E, estimated. Estimated concentrations are smaller than a minimum concentration that can be reliably reported by a ggenerally larger than the long-term method detection level (Childress and others, 1999). Concentrations reported as estimated indicate that the constituent is present in the water of quantitative analytical uncertainty, such as from matrix effects, associated with the reported concentration. For this report, a gross beta-particle activity of 50 picocuries per litbeta-particle concentrations that may exceed the Maximum Contaminant Level of 4 millirems per year; this particle activity is based on the U.S. Environmental Protection AgenWater Regulations (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2000), which allow public water-supply systems that are designated by a State as “vulnerable” or “contaminated” to screening level]
Well

number

USGS

identifier

Well depth 

(feet below 

land surface)

Date of 

sample

Water properties Major ions

pH

(standard 

units)

Specific

conductance

(μS/cm at 25

degrees Celsius)

Dissolved 

solids (mg/L)

Hardness 

(mg/L as 

CaCO3)

Chloride 

(mg/L)

Fluoride 

(mg/L)

125 352632097024401 155 20110831 5.5 156 89c 46.1 15.8 0.04 126 352625097022401 172 20110926 5.6 146 81c 46.6 11.7 0.04 127 352622097020701 — 20110314 5.4 239 — — — — 128 352620097024201 150 20110323 7.6 513 — — — — 129 352617097031801 180 20110314 7.7 504 — — — — 130 352612097020701 114 20110927 7.8 792 — — — — 131 352609097033801 180 20110830 8.0 559 330c 45.7 12.6 0.49 132 352603097024901 — 20110823 8.4 673 400c 14.1 16.1 0.57 133 352603097022901 125 20110323 5.7 336 — — — — 134 352557097024101 180 20111005 8.5 809 485c 15.5 41.4 0.72 135 352553097021101 167 20110906 8.4 783 464 22 28.8 0.89 136 352543097021601 160 20110323 8.1 809 — — — — 137 352543096585601 140 19880615 7.4 537 318c 227 35 0.1 138 352536097021101 — 20110927 7.8 709 — — — — 139 352533097015901 240 20110323 7.7 626 — — — — 140 352529097021801 103 20110815 8.6 733 — — — — 141 352520096591501 98 19771127 7.7 543 — 51.1 — 142 352510097011201 142 20110831 7.3 693 389c 131 40.6 0.47 143 352508096561401 — 19830615 8.6a — 746b 49 66 1.6d 144 352501096554901 66 19771127 8.4 1,220 — 4.91 — — 145 352458097020801 — 20110815 6.9 744 — — — — 146 352457097020601 17 19771126 7.1 1,120 — 442 — — 147 352422097012101 90 20110815 7.8 402 — — — — 148 352417097015301 110 20110823 8.3 415 248c 24.8 17.9 0.25 149 352415097013901 — 20110927 7.9 407 — — — — 150 352343096555801 — 19480101 — 8,920 8,310 1,310 100 — 151 352325096591301 20 19780104 6.9 180 — — — — 152 352302097010601 33 19771126 8.3 550 — 82.9 — — 152 352302097010601 33 19820617 6.2 204 — — — — 153 351955096582501 54 19890621 7.1 1,340 937c 669 26 0.9 154 351951096583401 8 19780103 7.2 1,110 — 521 — — 155 351938096562001 121 19770103 7.4 390 — 129 — — 
Well number USGS identifier Well depth (feet below land surface) Date of sample Trace elements Alum- inum (μg/L) Ar- senic (μg/L) Bar- ium (μg/L) Beryl- lium (μg/L) Cad- mium (μg/L) Chrom- ium (μg/L) Cop- per (μg/L) Iron (μg/L) Lead (μg/L) Man- ganese (μg/L) Mer- cury (μg/L) 

1 354144097093201 7 19771126 15 <0.5 124 <1 — <4 M <10 — M — 2 354048097052601 132 19771126 18 <0.5 10 <1 — <4 M <10 — <2 — 3 354048096584601 159 19780106 10 <0.5 137 <1 — <4 <2 <10 — M — 4 354043097020101 7 19771127 <10 <0.5 90 <1 — <4 <2 <10 — <2 — 5 353959097084701 130 19771126 <10 <0.5 108 <1 — <4 M <10 — <2 — 6 353948097112501 200 19851007 — — — — — <10d — — — — — 7 353947097113901 172 19541022 — — — — — — — — — — — 8 353947097111501 178 19870825 <10 1 150 <0.5 <1 20 <10 5 <10 <1 — 

9 353938097031101 91 19880713 10 1 30 <0.5 <1 <5 <10 16 <10 2 0.2 9 353938097031101 91 19900904 — — — — — — — — — — — 

10 353931097103301 92 19880708 <10 <1 130 <0.5 <1 <5 10 <3 <10 <1 <0.1 

11 353925097113101 178 20050204 — <10 260 — <5 10 <5 <20 — <5 — 11 353925097113101 178 20050318 — 15 270 — <5 10 <5 <20 — <5 — 11 353925097113101 178 20050425 — 18 270 — <5 10 <5 <20 — <5 — 11 353925097113101 178 20050203 — <10 270 — <5 10 <5 <20 — <5 — 11 353925097113101 178 19851007 — — — — — <10d — — — — — 

12 353909097100101 101 19880621 10 1 51 <0.5 <1 <5 <10 <3 <10 <1 <0.1 12 353909097100101 101 20040601 — <2 110 — <2 <10 <10 50 — <10 — 12 353909097100101 101 20040226 — <2 110 — <2 <10 <10 <10 — <10 — 12 353909097100101 101 20030819 — <2 110 — <2 <10 <10 <10 — <10 — 12 353909097100101 101 20031104 — <2 100 — <2 <10 <10 <10 — <10 — 12 353909097100101 101 20030617 — <2 120 — <2 <10 <10 <10 — <10 — 12 353909097100101 101 19881221 — — — — — — — — — — — 13 353835097020201 125 19771127 <10 0.7 138 <1 — <4 <2 <10 — <2 — 

Table 2. Water-quality information for wells shown on plate 1 in the study area in parts of Lincoln, Oklahoma, and Pottawatomie Counties, Oklahoma[Water-quality data were retrieved from the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Information System database (U.S. Geological Survey, 2012a) in January 2012. All concentrfiltered water unless otherwise noted. Blue font denotes value exceeds Secondary Maximum Contaminant Level for public drinking-water supplies (U.S. Environmental Protectidenotes value exceeds Maximum Contaminant Level for public drinking-water supplies (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2012a). USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; μS/cmmg/L, milligrams per liter; CaCO3, calcium carbonate; μg/L, micrograms per liter; pCi/L, picocuries per liter; 30 d, 30 days; 72 h, 72 hours; —, not available or not measured; <at concentration less than reporting level; ND, not detected; E, estimated. Estimated concentrations are smaller than a minimum concentration that can be reliably reported by a ggenerally larger than the long-term method detection level (Childress and others, 1999). Concentrations reported as estimated indicate that the constituent is present in the water of quantitative analytical uncertainty, such as from matrix effects, associated with the reported concentration. For this report, a gross beta-particle activity of 50 picocuries per litbeta-particle concentrations that may exceed the Maximum Contaminant Level of 4 millirems per year; this particle activity is based on the U.S. Environmental Protection AgenWater Regulations (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2000), which allow public water-supply systems that are designated by a State as “vulnerable” or “contaminated” to screening level]
Well 

number

USGS

identifier

Well 

depth 

(feet

below 

land 

surface)

Date of 

sample

Trace elements

Aluminum

(μg/L)

Arsenic 

(μg/L)

Barium 

(μg/L)

Beryllium 

(μg/L)

Cadmium

(μg/L)

Chromium

(μg/L)

Copper 

(μg/L)

Iron 

(μg/L)

Lead 

(μg/L)

Manganese

(μg/L)

Mercury 

(μg/L)

14 353816096585901 20 19780107 12 <0.5 497 <1 — M M <10 — M — 15 353815097045402 8 19771127 10 <0.5 286 <1 — <4 M <10 — <2 — 16 353813097080101 15 19771126 <10 <0.5 100 <1 — <4 M <10 — <2 — 17 353812097140201 17 19771126 <10 <0.5 158 <1 — <4 M <10 — <2 — 18 353805096553801 87 19780107 <10 <0.5 95 <1 — M M <10 — M — 19 353800097040501 234 19710722 — — — — — — — — — — — 20 353746097114301 68 19771123 <10 <0.5 274 <1 — <4 M <10 — M — 21 353719096594601 — 19830616 — <10d <200d — <2d <10d 30d 540d <20d 620d — 22 353655097114401 — 19850604 — — — — — — — <100d — — — 22 353655097114401 — 19830608 — <10d 200d — <2d <10d 20d <100d <20d <20d — 23 353635097081501 229 19700428 — — — — — — — — — — — 24 353634097120701 160 19860818 — <10d 300d <5d <10d <10d 880d <45d <10d — 25 353631097093201 58 19771114 <10 <0.5 149 <1 — <4 20 <10 — <2 — 26 353624096565001 58 19700217 — — — — — — — — — — — 27 353539097050801 63 19771126 <10 <0.5 133 <1 — <4 M <10 — M — 28 353539096554701 120 20040610 — <2 730 — <2 <10 <10 <10 — <10 — 28 353539096554701 120 20031106 — <2 660 — <2 <10 <10 <10 — <10 — 28 353539096554701 120 20040226 — <2 730 — <2 <10 <10 <10 — <10 — 28 353539096554701 120 20030827 — <2 800 — <2 <10 <10 <10 — <10 — 28 353539096554701 120 20030618 — <2 830 — <2 <10 <10 <10 — <10 — 29 353539096554501 131 19880616 <10 <1 130 <0.5 <1 <5 <10 79 <10 2 <0.1 29 353539096554501 131 19900606 — — — — — — — — — — — 29 353539096554501 131 19881220 — — — — — — — — — — — 30 353539096554401 33 19780104 <10 <0.5 705 <1 — <4 40 <10 — M — 31 353537097124101 31 19670209 — — — — — — — — — — — 32 353536096585001 141 19780104 <10 <0.5 368 <1 — <4 <2 <10 — <2 — 33 353522097020201 119 19771126 <10 <0.5 733 <1 — <4 <2 <10 — 60 — 34 353440097105501 185 19771115 <10 <0.5 196 <1 — <4 <2 <10 — <2 — 35 353435097145101 171 19771119 <10 <0.5 128 <1 — <4 M <10 — <2 — 36 353407097113301 140 19541022 — — — — — — — 0 — — — 
Well number USGS identifier Well depth (feet be- low land surface) Date of sample Trace elements Alum- inum (μg/L) Ar- senic (μg/L) Bar- ium (μg/L) Beryl- lium (μg/L) Cad- mium (μg/L) Chrom- ium (μg/L) Cop- per (μg/L) Iron (μg/L) Lead (μg/L) Man- ganese (μg/L) Mer

cury (μg/L

37 353351096574601 162 19880615 20 1 210 <0.5 <1 <5 <10 <3 <10 10 <038 353335097145501 31 19720619 — — — — — — — — — — 39 353332097142901 45 19720619 — — — — — — — — — — 40 353328097144101 60 19890616 <10 2 190 <0.5 <1 <5 <10 2,000 <10 680 <040 353328097144101 60 19820609 — — — — — — — — — — 40 353328097144101 60 19900606 — — — — — — — — — — 41 353304097113201 45 19771115 <10 <0.5 207 <1 — <4 M <10 — M 42 353304097083201 49 19771114 <10 <0.5 244 <1 — M <2 <10 — <2 43 353304097022001 128 19771126 <10 <0.5 148 <1 — <4 <2 <10 — <2 44 353302097145201 95 19720613 — — — — — — — — — — 44 353302097145201 95 19820609 — — — — — — — — — — 45 353301097144801 44 19720616 — — — — — — — — — — 46 353257096585501 170 19780104 14 9.8 208 <1 — <4 M <10 — <2 47 353254096560501 93 19780104 <10 0.9 149 <1 — <4 <2 <10 — <2 48 353251097144801 31 19771119 <10 0.6 56 <1 — <4 <2 <10 — <2 49 353250097134801 44 19720616 — — — — — — — — — — 50 353250097051201 66.9 19771126 <10 <0.5 146 <1 — <4 30 <10 — 10 51 353249097145101 80 19850610 <10d <200d — <2d <10d Md 350d <20d 400d 52 353238097142001 50 19720614 — — — — — — — — — — 53 353237097142801 50 19720615 — — — — — — — — — — 54 353236097141901 52 19720613 — — — — — — — — — — 54 353236097141901 52 19720825 — — — — — — — — — — 55 353236097072801 140 19880524 <10 <1 210 <0.5 <1 <5 <10 <3 <10 <1 <0

Table 2. Water-quality information for wells shown on plate 1 in the study area in parts of Lincoln, Oklahoma, and Pottawatomie Counties, Oklahoma[Water-quality data were retrieved from the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Information System database (U.S. Geological Survey, 2012a) in January 2012. All concentrfiltered water unless otherwise noted. Blue font denotes value exceeds Secondary Maximum Contaminant Level for public drinking-water supplies (U.S. Environmental Protectidenotes value exceeds Maximum Contaminant Level for public drinking-water supplies (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2012a). USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; μS/cmmg/L, milligrams per liter; CaCO3, calcium carbonate; μg/L, micrograms per liter; pCi/L, picocuries per liter; 30 d, 30 days; 72 h, 72 hours; —, not available or not measured; <at concentration less than reporting level; ND, not detected; E, estimated. Estimated concentrations are smaller than a minimum concentration that can be reliably reported by a ggenerally larger than the long-term method detection level (Childress and others, 1999). Concentrations reported as estimated indicate that the constituent is present in the water of quantitative analytical uncertainty, such as from matrix effects, associated with the reported concentration. For this report, a gross beta-particle activity of 50 picocuries per litbeta-particle concentrations that may exceed the Maximum Contaminant Level of 4 millirems per year; this particle activity is based on the U.S. Environmental Protection AgenWater Regulations (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2000), which allow public water-supply systems that are designated by a State as “vulnerable” or “contaminated” to screening level]
Well 

number

USGS

identifier

Well 

depth 

(feet below land 

surface)

Date of 

sample

Trace elements

Aluminum

(μg/L)

Arsenic 

(μg/L)

Barium 

(μg/L)

Beryllium 

(μg/L)

Cadmium

(μg/L)

Chromium

(μg/L)

Copper 

(μg/L)

Iron 

(μg/L)

Lead 

(μg/L)

Manganese

(μg/L)

Mercury 

(μg/L)

56 353214097141601 50 19720615 — — — — — — — — — — — 57 353212097142301 130 20081202 — — — — — — — 130 — 158 — 58 353208097142901 120 19720827 — — — — — — — — — — — 59 353207096583301 54 19890725 <10 1 <5 <2.5 <5 <25 <50 27 <50 19 <0.60 353119097094101 133 19890615 10 <1 230 <0.5 1 <5 <10 <3 <10 <1 <0.61 353052097110701 412 19741218 — — — — — — — — — — — 62 353050097134401 87 19651012 — — — — — — — — — — — 63 353040097000901 135 19870915 <10 <1 44 <0.5 <1 <5 10 6 <10 <1 — 63 353040097000901 135 19870915 — — — — — 1.6 — — — — — 64 353032097110701 400 20050304 — 19 40 — <5 <5 <5 1,780 — 520 — 64 353032097110701 400 20040616 — <10 50 — <5 <5 M 1,930 — 150 — 64 353032097110701 400 20050103 — <10 40 — <5 M <5 60 — 40 — 64 353032097110701 400 20050314 — 16 50 — <5 <5 <5 1,020 — 140 — 65 353030096554901 200 19780104 11 1.3 25 <1 — <4 M <10 — <2 — 66 353027097143501 73 19771119 <10 <0.5 130 <1 — <4 M <10 — <2 — 67 353027097114101 141 19771119 10 <0.5 75 <1 — <4 <2 <10 — <2 — 68 353027097052001 149 19771126 <10 <0.5 119 <1 — <4 M <10 — <2 — 69 353023097082301 71 19771119 <10 <0.5 128 <1 — <4 <2 <10 — <2 — 70 353023097015401 15 19771126 <10 <0.5 66 <1 — <4 M <10 — <2 — 71 353021096595601 — 19830616 — <10d <200d — <2d <10d 150d 110d <20d <20d — 72 353020097115001 46 19690408 — — — — — — — — — — — 73 353019096585001 16 19780104 19 <0.5 137 <1 — <4 30 <10 — M — 74 353007097114301 80 19640706 — — — — — — — — — — — 75 352957097134401 30 19651012 — — — — — — — — — — — 76 352936097083901 155 19830608 — <10d 300d — <2d <10d Md <100d <20d <20d — 77 352854097072301 103 19890619 10 <1 270 <0.5 <1 <5 <10 <3 <10 <1 <0.78 352851097093801 400 19880418 <10 <1 260 <0.5 <1 <5 <10 3 <10 <1 <0.78 352851097093801 400 19900530 — — — — — — — — — — — 79 352844097034401 120 20110926 — 0.15 60.1 0.041 <0.016 0.52 0.74 <3.2 0.389 <0.13 — 80 352839097053401 160 20110323 — — — — — — — — — — — 81 352820097005001 86 19710316 — — — — — — — — — — — 82 352816096554701 96 19880714 <10 1 120 <0.5 <1 <5 <10 5 <10 <1 <0.
Well number USGS identifier Well depth (feet be- low land surface) Date of sample Trace elements Alum- inum (μg/L) Ar- senic (μg/L) Bar- ium (μg/L) Beryl- lium (μg/L) Cad- mium (μg/L) Chrom- ium (μg/L) Cop- per (μg/L) Iron (μg/L) Lead (μg/L) Man- ganese (μg/L) Mer- cury (μg/L

83 352813097033401 60 20110314 — — — — — — — — — — — 84 352813097032401 61 20110823 — 0.16 83.4 0.249 <0.016 0.61 0.87 6.3 0.058 5.32 — 85 352812097052101 143 20110822 — 0.62 159 <0.006 <0.016 2.7 <0.5 <3.2 0.03 <0.13 — 86 352810097092901 49 19890621 <10 <1 290 <0.5 <1 <5 20 3 <10 <1 <0.1 87 352807096554501 42 19771127 <10 1.2 103 <1 — <4 <2 <10 — <2 — 88 352805097041301 95 20110803 — — — — — — — — — — — 89 352800097032201 120 20110314 — — — — — — — — — — — 90 352756097035501 125 20110323 — — — — — — — — — — — 91 352753097040301 110 20110314 — — — — — — — — — — — 92 352751097050801 103 19771126 <10 <0.5 81 <1 — <4 M <10 — <2 — 92 352751097050801 103 20110314 — — — — — — — — — — — 93 352751097045401 255 20110815 — — — — — — — — — — — 94 352751097041401 132 20110314 — — — — — — — — — — — 95 352751097034501 100 20110323 — — — — — — — — — — — 96 352748097032601 — 20110314 — — — — — — — — — — — 97 352747097051401 180 20110913 — 0.63 88.4 0.006 <0.016 0.9 <0.5 <3.2 0.026 0.68 — 98 352745097041501 — 20110314 — — — — — — — — — — — 99 352743097044101 110 20110318 — — — — — — — — — — — 

100 352743097021102 43 19771126 <10 2.3 57 <1 — 30 <2 <10 — <2 — 101 352734097020001 222 20110314 — — — — — — — — — — — 102 352733097042101 110 20110318 — — — — — — — — — — — 103 352732097041501 102 20111012 — 0.22 75.3 0.037 <0.016 1.2 <0.8 3.4 0.03 0.36 — 104 352728097035001 110 20110318 — — — — — — — — — — — 105 352727096585501 91 19780104 <10 <0.5 76 <1 — <4 M <10 — M — 106 352726097041401 — 20111005 — — — — — — — — — — — 

Table 2. Water-quality information for wells shown on plate 1 in the study area in parts of Lincoln, Oklahoma, and Pottawatomie Counties, Oklahoma[Water-quality data were retrieved from the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Information System database (U.S. Geological Survey, 2012a) in January 2012. All concentrfiltered water unless otherwise noted. Blue font denotes value exceeds Secondary Maximum Contaminant Level for public drinking-water supplies (U.S. Environmental Protectidenotes value exceeds Maximum Contaminant Level for public drinking-water supplies (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2012a). USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; μS/cmmg/L, milligrams per liter; CaCO3, calcium carbonate; μg/L, micrograms per liter; pCi/L, picocuries per liter; 30 d, 30 days; 72 h, 72 hours; —, not available or not measured; <at concentration less than reporting level; ND, not detected; E, estimated. Estimated concentrations are smaller than a minimum concentration that can be reliably reported by a ggenerally larger than the long-term method detection level (Childress and others, 1999). Concentrations reported as estimated indicate that the constituent is present in the water of quantitative analytical uncertainty, such as from matrix effects, associated with the reported concentration. For this report, a gross beta-particle activity of 50 picocuries per litbeta-particle concentrations that may exceed the Maximum Contaminant Level of 4 millirems per year; this particle activity is based on the U.S. Environmental Protection AgenWater Regulations (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2000), which allow public water-supply systems that are designated by a State as “vulnerable” or “contaminated” to screening level]
Well 

number

USGS

identifier

Well 

depth 

(feet below land 

surface)

Date of 

sample

Trace elements

Aluminum

(μg/L)

Arsenic 

(μg/L)

Barium 

(μg/L)

Beryllium 

(μg/L)

Cadmium

(μg/L)

Chromium

(μg/L)

Copper 

(μg/L)

Iron 

(μg/L)

Lead 

(μg/L)

Manganese

(μg/L)

Mer

cury 

(μg/L

107 352726097035001 — 20110318 — — — — — — — — — — — 108 352726097031601 125 20111012 — 0.23 95 0.019 <0.016 1 <0.8 <3.2 0.058 <0.13 — 109 352717097043801 140 20111004 — 6.6 108 0.009 <0.016 3.2 <0.8 <3.2 <0.025 <0.13 — 

110 352714097034101 135 20110822 — 6.8 56.9 0.024 <0.016 <0.06 <0.5 <3.2 0.05 1.46 — 

111 352712097032101 125 20110314 — — — — — — — — — — — 

112 352710097034601 220 20081203 — 3.6 239 <0.02 <0.02 0.24 2.3 <4 <0.06 0.68 — 

113 352704097031401 150 20110314 — — — — — — — — — — — 

114 352701097031901 — 20110317 — — — — — — — — — — — 115 352700097032201 — 20110317 — — — — — — — — — — — 116 352657097054401 80 20110318 — — — — — — — — — — — 117 352657097042401 80 20110803 — — — — — — — — — — — 118 352656097031601 320 20110928 — 4.8 51.3 0.021 <0.016 4.5 <0.5 <3.2 <0.015 <0.13 — 

119 352655097043201 82 20110830 — 0.15 44.6 0.035 <0.016 <0.06 <0.5 <3.2 0.161 3.1 — 

120 352654097022301 160 20110830 — 24.7 97.2 0.009 <0.016 1.3 1.6 3.4 0.075 <0.13 — 121 352652097050501 86 20110804 — — — — — — — — — — — 122 352651097023201 120 20110323 — — — — — — — — — — — 123 352642097034801 108 20110912 — 0.54 68.1 0.037 <0.016 <0.06 <0.5 <3.2 <0.015 4.27 — 123 352642097034801 108 20110912 — — — — — — — — — — — 123 352642097034801 108 19820616 — — — — — — — — — — — 124 352635097025201 150 20110323 — — — — — — — — — — — 125 352632097024401 155 20110831 — 0.07 61.5 0.179 <0.016 0.26 21.6 3.2 0.136 0.44 — 126 352625097022401 172 20110926 — 0.1 63.7 0.076 <0.016 0.12 0.62 6.6 0.064 0.59 — 127 352622097020701 — 20110314 — — — — — — — — — — — 128 352620097024201 150 20110323 — — — — — — — — — — — 129 352617097031801 180 20110314 — — — — — — — — — — — 130 352612097020701 114 20110927 — — — — — — — — — — — 131 352609097033801 180 20110830 — 0.33 115 0.009 <0.016 24.4 0.8 4.5 <0.015 <0.13 — 132 352603097024901 — 20110823 — 0.57 39.7 0.008 <0.016 31.4 <0.5 <3.2 0.181 <0.13 — 133 352603097022901 125 20110323 — — — — — — — — — — — 134 352557097024101 180 20111005 — 0.72 43.5 0.015 <0.016 15.6 <0.8 <3.2 <0.025 <0.13 — 135 352553097021101 167 20110906 — 3.1 39 0.02 <0.02 4.7 <0.5 <3 0.01 <0.03 — 136 352543097021601 160 20110323 — — — — — — — — — — — 
Well number USGS identifier Well depth (feet be- low land surface) Date of sample Trace elements Alum- inum (μg/L) Ar- senic (μg/L) Bar- ium (μg/L) Beryl- lium (μg/L) Cad- mium (μg/L) Chrom- ium (μg/L) Cop- per (μg/L) Iron (μg/L) Lead (μg/L) Man- ganese (μg/L) Mer- cury (μg/L) 

137 352543096585601 140 19880615 <10 <1 55 <0.5 <1 <5 <10 30 <10 7 <0.1 138 352536097021101 — 20110927 — — — — — — — — — — — 139 352533097015901 240 20110323 — — — — — — — — — — — 140 352529097021801 103 20110815 — — — — — — — — — — — 141 352520096591501 98 19771127 <10 0.5 32 <1 — M <2 <10 — <2 — 142 352510097011201 142 20110831 — 0.73 130 <0.006 <0.016 11.2 <0.5 <3.2 0.025 <0.13 — 143 352508096561401 — 19830615 — <10d <200d — <2d <10d Md <100d <20d <20d — 144 352501096554901 66 19771127 <10 0.8 27 <1 — <4 <2 <10 — <2 — 145 352458097020801 — 20110815 — — — — — — — — — — — 146 352457097020601 17 19771126 <10 <0.5 136 <1 — <4 M <10 — M — 147 352422097012101 90 20110815 — — — — — — — — — — — 148 352417097015301 110 20110823 — 0.9 110 <0.006 <0.016 8.6 0.51 <3.2 0.028 <0.13 — 149 352415097013901 — 20110927 — — — — — — — — — — — 150 352343096555801 — 19480101 — — — — — — — — — — — 151 352325096591301 20 19780104 <10 <0.5 53 <1 — <4 10 <10 — <2 — 152 352302097010601 33 19771126 10 <0.5 112 <1 — <4 M <10 — M — 152 352302097010601 33 19820617 — — — — — — — — — — — 153 351955096582501 54 19890621 <10 <1 57 <0.5 <1 <5 <10.0 2,800 <10 1,200 <0.1 154 351951096583401 8 19780103 <10 <0.5 56 <1 — M <2 <10 — M — 155 351938096562001 121 19770103 <10 <0.5 114 <1 — <4 20 <10 — M — 

Table 2. Water-quality information for wells shown on plate 1 in the study area in parts of Lincoln, Oklahoma, and Pottawatomie Counties, Oklahoma[Water-quality data were retrieved from the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Information System database (U.S. Geological Survey, 2012a) in January 2012. All concentrfiltered water unless otherwise noted. Blue font denotes value exceeds Secondary Maximum Contaminant Level for public drinking-water supplies (U.S. Environmental Protectidenotes value exceeds Maximum Contaminant Level for public drinking-water supplies (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2012a). USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; μS/cmmg/L, milligrams per liter; CaCO3, calcium carbonate; μg/L, micrograms per liter; pCi/L, picocuries per liter; 30 d, 30 days; 72 h, 72 hours; —, not available or not measured; <at concentration less than reporting level; ND, not detected; E, estimated. Estimated concentrations are smaller than a minimum concentration that can be reliably reported by a ggenerally larger than the long-term method detection level (Childress and others, 1999). Concentrations reported as estimated indicate that the constituent is present in the water of quantitative analytical uncertainty, such as from matrix effects, associated with the reported concentration. For this report, a gross beta-particle activity of 50 picocuries per litbeta-particle concentrations that may exceed the Maximum Contaminant Level of 4 millirems per year; this particle activity is based on the U.S. Environmental Protection AgenWater Regulations (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2000), which allow public water-supply systems that are designated by a State as “vulnerable” or “contaminated” to screening level]
Well

number

USGS

identifier

Well depth

(feet below

land surface)

Date of 

sample

Radionuclides

Gross 

alpha-particle 

activity (pCi/L) 

(72 h)f

Gross alphaparticle

activity

(pCi/L) (30 d)g

Gross betaparticle

activity 72 

(pCi/L) (72 h)h

Gross 

beta-particle 

activity (pCi/L) 

(30 d)i

Radium-226 

(pCi/L)

Ra

1 354144097093201 7 19771126 — — — — — 2 354048097052601 132 19771126 — — — — — 3 354048096584601 159 19780106 — — — — — 4 354043097020101 7 19771127 — — — — — 5 353959097084701 130 19771126 — — — — — 6 353948097112501 200 19851007 — — — — — 7 353947097113901 172 19541022 — — — — — 8 353947097111501 178 19870825 — — — — 0.29 9 353938097031101 91 19880713 — — 73 — — 9 353938097031101 91 19900904 — — 60.4 — — 

10 353931097103301 92 19880708 — — 1 — — 

11 353925097113101 178 20050204 — — — — — 11 353925097113101 178 20050318 — — — — — 11 353925097113101 178 20050425 — — — — — 11 353925097113101 178 20050203 — — — — — 11 353925097113101 178 19851007 — — — — — 

12 353909097100101 101 19880621 — — 1 — — 12 353909097100101 101 20040601 — — — — — 12 353909097100101 101 20040226 — — — — — 12 353909097100101 101 20030819 — — — — — 12 353909097100101 101 20031104 — — — — — 12 353909097100101 101 20030617 — — — — — 12 353909097100101 101 19881221 — — — — — 

Table 2. Water-quality information for wells shown on plate 1 in the study area in parts of Lincoln, Oklahoma, and Pottawatomie Counties, Oklahoma[Water-quality data were retrieved from the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Information System database (U.S. Geological Survey, 2012a) in January 2012. All concentrfiltered water unless otherwise noted. Blue font denotes value exceeds Secondary Maximum Contaminant Level for public drinking-water supplies (U.S. Environmental Protectidenotes value exceeds Maximum Contaminant Level for public drinking-water supplies (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2012a). USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; μS/cmmg/L, milligrams per liter; CaCO3, calcium carbonate; μg/L, micrograms per liter; pCi/L, picocuries per liter; 30 d, 30 days; 72 h, 72 hours; —, not available or not measured; <at concentration less than reporting level; ND, not detected; E, estimated. Estimated concentrations are smaller than a minimum concentration that can be reliably reported by a ggenerally larger than the long-term method detection level (Childress and others, 1999). Concentrations reported as estimated indicate that the constituent is present in the water of quantitative analytical uncertainty, such as from matrix effects, associated with the reported concentration. For this report, a gross beta-particle activity of 50 picocuries per litbeta-particle concentrations that may exceed the Maximum Contaminant Level of 4 millirems per year; this particle activity is based on the U.S. Environmental Protection AgenWater Regulations (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2000), which allow public water-supply systems that are designated by a State as “vulnerable” or “contaminated” to screening level]
Well number USGS identifier Well depth (feet below land surface) Date of sample Radionuclides Gross alpha-particle activity (pCi/L) (72 h)f Gross alpha- particle activity (pCi/L) (30 d)g Gross beta- particle activity 72 (pCi/L) (72 h)h Gross beta-particle activity (pCi/L) (30 d)i Radium-226 (pCi/L) Ra

13 353835097020201 125 19771127 — — — — — 14 353816096585901 20 19780107 — — — — — 15 353815097045402 8 19771127 — — — — — 16 353813097080101 15 19771126 — — — — — 17 353812097140201 17 19771126 — — — — — 18 353805096553801 87 19780107 — — — — — 19 353800097040501 234 19710722 — — — — — 20 353746097114301 68 19771123 — — — — — 21 353719096594601 — 19830616 — — — — — 22 353655097114401 — 19850604 — — — — — 22 353655097114401 — 19830608 — — — — — 23 353635097081501 229 19700428 — — — — — 24 353634097120701 160 19860818 — — — — — 25 353631097093201 58 19771114 — — — — — 26 353624096565001 58 19700217 — — — — — 27 353539097050801 63 19771126 — — — — — 28 353539096554701 120 20040610 — — — — — 28 353539096554701 120 20031106 — — — — — 28 353539096554701 120 20040226 — — — — — 28 353539096554701 120 20030827 — — — — — 28 353539096554701 120 20030618 — — — — — 29 353539096554501 131 19880616 — — 13 — — 29 353539096554501 131 19900606 — — — — — 29 353539096554501 131 19881220 — — — — — 

Table 2. Water-quality information for wells shown on plate 1 in the study area in parts of Lincoln, Oklahoma, and Pottawatomie Counties, Oklahoma[Water-quality data were retrieved from the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Information System database (U.S. Geological Survey, 2012a) in January 2012. All concentrfiltered water unless otherwise noted. Blue font denotes value exceeds Secondary Maximum Contaminant Level for public drinking-water supplies (U.S. Environmental Protectidenotes value exceeds Maximum Contaminant Level for public drinking-water supplies (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2012a). USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; μS/cmmg/L, milligrams per liter; CaCO3, calcium carbonate; μg/L, micrograms per liter; pCi/L, picocuries per liter; 30 d, 30 days; 72 h, 72 hours; —, not available or not measured; <at concentration less than reporting level; ND, not detected; E, estimated. Estimated concentrations are smaller than a minimum concentration that can be reliably reported by a ggenerally larger than the long-term method detection level (Childress and others, 1999). Concentrations reported as estimated indicate that the constituent is present in the water of quantitative analytical uncertainty, such as from matrix effects, associated with the reported concentration. For this report, a gross beta-particle activity of 50 picocuries per litbeta-particle concentrations that may exceed the Maximum Contaminant Level of 4 millirems per year; this particle activity is based on the U.S. Environmental Protection AgenWater Regulations (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2000), which allow public water-supply systems that are designated by a State as “vulnerable” or “contaminated” to screening level]
Well

number

USGS

identifier

Well depth

(feet below

land surface)

Date of 

sample

Radionuclides

Gross 

alpha-particle 

activity (pCi/L) 

(72 h)f

Gross alphaparticle

activity

(pCi/L) (30 d)g

Gross betaparticle

activity 72 

(pCi/L) (72 h)h

Gross 

beta-particle 

activity (pCi/L) 

(30 d)i

Radium-226 

(pCi/L)

R

30 353539096554401 33 19780104 — — — — — 31 353537097124101 31 19670209 — — — — — 32 353536096585001 141 19780104 — — — — — 33 353522097020201 119 19771126 — — — — — 34 353440097105501 185 19771115 — — — — — 35 353435097145101 171 19771119 — — — — — 36 353407097113301 140 19541022 — — — — — 37 353351096574601 162 19880615 — — 2 — — 38 353335097145501 31 19720619 — — — — — 39 353332097142901 45 19720619 — — — — — 40 353328097144101 60 19890616 — — 7 — — 40 353328097144101 60 19820609 — — — — — 40 353328097144101 60 19900606 — — — — — 41 353304097113201 45 19771115 — — — — — 42 353304097083201 49 19771114 — — — — — 43 353304097022001 128 19771126 — — — — — 44 353302097145201 95 19720613 — — — — — 44 353302097145201 95 19820609 — — — — — 45 353301097144801 44 19720616 — — — — — 46 353257096585501 170 19780104 — — — — — 47 353254096560501 93 19780104 — — — — — 48 353251097144801 31 19771119 — — — — — 49 353250097134801 44 19720616 — — — — — 50 353250097051201 66.9 19771126 — — — — — 51 353249097145101 80 19850610 — — — — — 52 353238097142001 50 19720614 — — — — — 53 353237097142801 50 19720615 — — — — — 54 353236097141901 52 19720613 — — — — — 54 353236097141901 52 19720825 — — — — — 55 353236097072801 140 19880524 — — 2 — — 
Well number USGS identifier Well depth (feet below land surface) Date of sample Radionuclides Gross alpha-particle activity (pCi/L) (72 h)f Gross alpha- particle activity (pCi/L) (30 d)g Gross beta- particle activity 72 (pCi/L) (72 h)h Gross beta-particle activity (pCi/L) (30 d)i Radium-226 (pCi/L) R

56 353214097141601 50 19720615 — — — — — 57 353212097142301 130 20081202 — — — — — 58 353208097142901 120 19720827 — — — — — 59 353207096583301 54 19890725 — — 200 — — 60 353119097094101 133 19890615 — — 4 — — 61 353052097110701 412 19741218 — — — — — 62 353050097134401 87 19651012 — — — — — 63 353040097000901 135 19870915 — — — — 0.13 63 353040097000901 135 19870915 — — — — — 64 353032097110701 400 20050304 — — — — — 64 353032097110701 400 20040616 — — — — — 64 353032097110701 400 20050103 — — — — — 64 353032097110701 400 20050314 — — — — — 65 353030096554901 200 19780104 — — — — — 66 353027097143501 73 19771119 — — — — — 67 353027097114101 141 19771119 — — — — — 68 353027097052001 149 19771126 — — — — — 69 353023097082301 71 19771119 — — — — — 70 353023097015401 15 19771126 — — — — — 71 353021096595601 — 19830616 — — — — — 72 353020097115001 46 19690408 — — — — — 73 353019096585001 16 19780104 — — — — — 74 353007097114301 80 19640706 — — — — — 75 352957097134401 30 19651012 — — — — — 

Table 2. Water-quality information for wells shown on plate 1 in the study area in parts of Lincoln, Oklahoma, and Pottawatomie Counties, Oklahoma[Water-quality data were retrieved from the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Information System database (U.S. Geological Survey, 2012a) in January 2012. All concentrfiltered water unless otherwise noted. Blue font denotes value exceeds Secondary Maximum Contaminant Level for public drinking-water supplies (U.S. Environmental Protectidenotes value exceeds Maximum Contaminant Level for public drinking-water supplies (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2012a). USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; μS/cmmg/L, milligrams per liter; CaCO3, calcium carbonate; μg/L, micrograms per liter; pCi/L, picocuries per liter; 30 d, 30 days; 72 h, 72 hours; —, not available or not measured; <at concentration less than reporting level; ND, not detected; E, estimated. Estimated concentrations are smaller than a minimum concentration that can be reliably reported by a ggenerally larger than the long-term method detection level (Childress and others, 1999). Concentrations reported as estimated indicate that the constituent is present in the water of quantitative analytical uncertainty, such as from matrix effects, associated with the reported concentration. For this report, a gross beta-particle activity of 50 picocuries per litbeta-particle concentrations that may exceed the Maximum Contaminant Level of 4 millirems per year; this particle activity is based on the U.S. Environmental Protection AgenWater Regulations (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2000), which allow public water-supply systems that are designated by a State as “vulnerable” or “contaminated” to screening level]
Well

number

USGS

identifier

Well depth

(feet below

land surface)

Date of 

sample

Radionuclides

Gross 

alpha-particle 

activity (pCi/L) 

(72 h)f

Gross alphaparticle

activity

(pCi/L) (30 d)g

Gross betaparticle

activity 72 

(pCi/L) (72 h)h

Gross 

beta-particle 

activity (pCi/L) 

(30 d)i

Radium-226 

(pCi/L)

R

76 352936097083901 155 19830608 — — — — — 77 352854097072301 103 19890619 — — 4 — — 78 352851097093801 400 19880418 — — 12 — — 78 352851097093801 400 19900530 — — — — — 79 352844097034401 120 20110926 1.5 ND 0.8 0.9 0.076 80 352839097053401 160 20110323 — — — — — 81 352820097005001 86 19710316 — — — — — 82 352816096554701 96 19880714 — — 11 — — 83 352813097033401 60 20110314 — — — — — 84 352813097032401 61 20110823 ND ND ND 1.4 0.042 85 352812097052101 143 20110822 4 0.9 1.6 1.7 0.21 86 352810097092901 49 19890621 — — 6 — — 87 352807096554501 42 19771127 — — — — — 88 352805097041301 95 20110803 — — — — — 89 352800097032201 120 20110314 — — — — — 90 352756097035501 125 20110323 — — — — — 91 352753097040301 110 20110314 — — — — — 92 352751097050801 103 19771126 — — — — — 92 352751097050801 103 20110314 — — — — — 93 352751097045401 255 20110815 — — — — — 94 352751097041401 132 20110314 — — — — — 95 352751097034501 100 20110323 — — — — — 96 352748097032601 — 20110314 — — — — — 97 352747097051401 180 20110913 1 0.8 1.2 1.7 0.15 98 352745097041501 — 20110314 — — — — — 99 352743097044101 110 20110318 — — — — — 

100 352743097021102 43 19771126 — — — — — 101 352734097020001 222 20110314 — — — — — 102 352733097042101 110 20110318 — — — — — 103 352732097041501 102 20111012 0.8 ND ND 0.8 0.07 104 352728097035001 110 20110318 — — — — — 
Well number USGS identifier Well depth (feet below land surface) Date of sample Radionuclides Gross alpha-particle activity (pCi/L) (72 h)f Gross alpha- particle activity (pCi/L) (30 d)g Gross beta- particle activity 72 (pCi/L) (72 h)h Gross beta-particle activity (pCi/L) (30 d)i Radium-226 (pCi/L) 

105 352727096585501 91 19780104 — — — — — 106 352726097041401 — 20111005 — — — — — 107 352726097035001 — 20110318 — — — — — 108 352726097031601 125 20111012 5.2 1 1.7 1.7 0.095 109 352717097043801 140 20111004 370 350 6.9 102 0.77 

110 352714097034101 135 20110822 114 116 1.6 22 0.43 

111 352712097032101 125 20110314 — — — — — 

112 352710097034601 220 20081203 — — — — — 113 352704097031401 150 20110314 — — — — — 114 352701097031901 — 20110317 — — — — — 115 352700097032201 — 20110317 — — — — — 116 352657097054401 80 20110318 — — — — — 117 352657097042401 80 20110803 — — — — — 118 352656097031601 320 20110928 77 80 1.9 16.4 ND 119 352655097043201 82 20110830 5.3 4 0.8 1.5 0.18 

120 352654097022301 160 20110830 270 260 8.6 89 0.69 121 352652097050501 86 20110804 — — — — — 122 352651097023201 120 20110323 — — — — — 123 352642097034801 108 20110912 5 11.1 2.8 3.5 1.2 123 352642097034801 108 20110912 — — — — — 123 352642097034801 108 19820616 — — — — — 124 352635097025201 150 20110323 — — — — — 125 352632097024401 155 20110831 2 ND 1.3 1 0.133 

Table 2. Water-quality information for wells shown on plate 1 in the study area in parts of Lincoln, Oklahoma, and Pottawatomie Counties, Oklahoma[Water-quality data were retrieved from the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Information System database (U.S. Geological Survey, 2012a) in January 2012. All concentrfiltered water unless otherwise noted. Blue font denotes value exceeds Secondary Maximum Contaminant Level for public drinking-water supplies (U.S. Environmental Protectidenotes value exceeds Maximum Contaminant Level for public drinking-water supplies (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2012a). USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; μS/cmmg/L, milligrams per liter; CaCO3, calcium carbonate; μg/L, micrograms per liter; pCi/L, picocuries per liter; 30 d, 30 days; 72 h, 72 hours; —, not available or not measured; <at concentration less than reporting level; ND, not detected; E, estimated. Estimated concentrations are smaller than a minimum concentration that can be reliably reported by a ggenerally larger than the long-term method detection level (Childress and others, 1999). Concentrations reported as estimated indicate that the constituent is present in the water of quantitative analytical uncertainty, such as from matrix effects, associated with the reported concentration. For this report, a gross beta-particle activity of 50 picocuries per litbeta-particle concentrations that may exceed the Maximum Contaminant Level of 4 millirems per year; this particle activity is based on the U.S. Environmental Protection AgenWater Regulations (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2000), which allow public water-supply systems that are designated by a State as “vulnerable” or “contaminated” to screening level]
Well

number

USGS

identifier

Well depth

(feet below

land surface)

Date of 

sample

Radionuclides

Gross 

alpha-particle 

activity (pCi/L) 

(72 h)f

Gross alphaparticle

activity

(pCi/L) (30 d)g

Gross betaparticle

activity 72 

(pCi/L) (72 h)h

Gross 

beta-particle 

activity (pCi/L) 

(30 d)i

Radium-226 

(pCi/L)

R

126 352625097022401 172 20110926 0.9 ND 1.2 0.9 0.04 127 352622097020701 — 20110314 — — — — — 128 352620097024201 150 20110323 — — — — — 129 352617097031801 180 20110314 — — — — — 130 352612097020701 114 20110927 — — — — — 131 352609097033801 180 20110830 47 43 2.4 8.8 0.23 132 352603097024901 — 20110823 23 24 ND 6 0.031 133 352603097022901 125 20110323 — — — — — 134 352557097024101 180 20111005 37 39 1.3 7.4 0.03 135 352553097021101 167 20110906 92 74 ND 12 0.09 136 352543097021601 160 20110323 — — — — — 137 352543096585601 140 19880615 — — 2 — — 138 352536097021101 — 20110927 — — — — — 139 352533097015901 240 20110323 — — — — — 140 352529097021801 103 20110815 — — — — — 141 352520096591501 98 19771127 — — — — — 142 352510097011201 142 20110831 12 9 1.4 2.4 0.094 143 352508096561401 — 19830615 — — — — — 144 352501096554901 66 19771127 — — — — — 145 352458097020801 — 20110815 — — — — — 146 352457097020601 17 19771126 — — — — — 147 352422097012101 90 20110815 — — — — — 148 352417097015301 110 20110823 5.4 5.7 2.3 1.8 0.4 149 352415097013901 — 20110927 — — — — — 
Well number USGS identifier Well depth (feet below land surface) Date of sample Radionuclides Gross alpha-particle activity (pCi/L) (72 h)f Gross alpha- particle activity (pCi/L) (30 d)g Gross beta- particle activity 72 (pCi/L) (72 h)h Gross beta-particle activity (pCi/L) (30 d)i Radium-226 (pCi/L) R

150 352343096555801 — 19480101 — — — — — 151 352325096591301 20 19780104 — — — — — 152 352302097010601 33 19771126 — — — — — 152 352302097010601 33 19820617 — — — — — 153 351955096582501 54 19890621 — — 3h — — 154 351951096583401 8 19780103 — — — — — 155 351938096562001 121 19770103 — — — — — 

apH of unfiltered water measured in laboratory. bDissolved solids from sample dried at 105 degrees Celsius. cDissolved solids calculated from the sum of constituents. dConcentration of constituent in unfiltered water. eNitrate plus nitrite nitrogen. fAnalyzed for gross alpha-particle activity at approximately 72 hours after sample collection as referenced to a detector calibrated by using 230Thorium. gAnalyzed for gross alpha-particle activity at approximately 30 days after sample collection as referenced to a detector calibrated by using 230Thorium. hAnalyzed for gross beta-particle activity at approximately 72 hours after sample collection as referenced to a detector calibrated by using 137Cesium. iAnalyzed for gross beta-particle activity at approximately 30 days after sample collection as referenced to a detector calibrated by using 137Cesium. Publishing support provided by

Lafayette Publishing Service CenterTable 2. Water-quality information for wells shown on plate 1 in the study area in parts of Lincoln, Oklahoma, and Pottawatomie Counties, Oklahoma[Water-quality data were retrieved from the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Information System database (U.S. Geological Survey, 2012a) in January 2012. All concentrfiltered water unless otherwise noted. Blue font denotes value exceeds Secondary Maximum Contaminant Level for public drinking-water supplies (U.S. Environmental Protectidenotes value exceeds Maximum Contaminant Level for public drinking-water supplies (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2012a). USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; μS/cmmg/L, milligrams per liter; CaCO3, calcium carbonate; μg/L, micrograms per liter; pCi/L, picocuries per liter; 30 d, 30 days; 72 h, 72 hours; —, not available or not measured; <at concentration less than reporting level; ND, not detected; E, estimated. Estimated concentrations are smaller than a minimum concentration that can be reliably reported by a ggenerally larger than the long-term method detection level (Childress and others, 1999). Concentrations reported as estimated indicate that the constituent is present in the water of quantitative analytical uncertainty, such as from matrix effects, associated with the reported concentration. For this report, a gross beta-particle activity of 50 picocuries per litbeta-particle concentrations that may exceed the Maximum Contaminant Level of 4 millirems per year; this particle activity is based on the U.S. Environmental Protection AgenWater Regulations (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2000), which allow public water-supply systems that are designated by a State as “vulnerable” or “contaminated” to screening level]
Becker—Groundwater Quality and Water-Well Characteristics in the Kickapoo Tribe of Oklahoma Jurisdictional Area, 1948–2011—Open-File Report 2012–1255

ISBN 978-1 4113 3630-8

9 7 81411 3363 0 8 Printed on recycled paper