The following information was generated from the

Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB),

a database of the National Library of Medicine's TOXNET system

(http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov) on September 22, 2009.

Query: The chemical name tetrafluoroethylene was identified.

The following terms were added from ChemIDplus:

tetrafluoroethene

perfluoroethylene

perfluoroethene

CAS Registry Number: 116

- 14

- 3

1

NAME: TETRAFLUOROETHYLENE

HSN: 844

RN: 116

- 14

- 3

HUMAN HEALTH EFFECTS:

EVIDENCE FOR CARCINOGENICITY:

Evaluation: No epidemiological data relevant to the carcinogenicity of

tetrafluoroethylene were available. There is sufficient evidence in

experimental animals for the carcinogenicity of tetrafluoroethylene.

Overall evaluation: Tetrafluoroethylene is possibly carcinogenic to humans

(Group 2B). [IARC. Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk

of Chemicals to Man. Geneva: World Health Organization, International

Agency for Research on Cancer, 1972

- PRESENT. (Multivolume work)., p. 71

1150 (1999)] **PEER REVIEWED**

A3; Confirmed animal carcinogen with unknown relevance to humans.

[American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists TLVs and BEIs.

Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents and

Biological Exposure Indices. Cincinnati, OH, 2008, p. 55] **QC REVIEWED**

Tetrafluoroethylene: reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen.

[DHHS/National Tox icology Program; Eleventh Report on Carcinogens: beta

- Tetrafluoroethylene (116

- 14

- 3) (January 2005). Available from, as of July

31, 2009: http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/ntp/roc/eleventh/profiles/s170tfe.pdf ]

**QC REVIEWED**

HUMAN TOXICITY EXCERPTS:

TOXIC BY

- PRODUCT GASES /OF TETRAFLUOROETHYLENE/ ALL PRODUCE PULMONARY

EDEMA... [International Labour Office. Encyclopedia of Occupational Healthand Safety. Volumes I and II. New York: McGraw

- Hill Book Co., 1971., p.

1396] **PEER REVIEWED**

SKIN, EYE AND RESPIRATORY IRRITATIONS:

INHALATION CAUSES IRRITATION OF RESPIRATORY SYSTEM. CONTACT WITH EYES

CAUSES SLIGHT IRRITATION. /INHIBITED/ [U.S. Coast Guard, Department of

Transportation. CHRIS

- Hazardous Chemical Data. Manual Two. Washington,

DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, Oct., 1978.] **PEER REVIEWED**

PROBABLE ROUTES OF HUMAN EXPOSURE:

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981

- 1983) has statistically estimated that 332 workers

(145 of these are female) are potentially exposed to tetrafluoroethylene

in the US(1). Occupational exposure to tetrafluoroethylene may occur

through inhalation of this compound at workplaces where

tetrafluoroethylene is produced or used(SRC). [(1) NIOSH; National

Occupational Exposure Survey (NOES) (1983)] **PEER REVIEWED**

EMERGENCY MEDICAL TREATMENT:

EMERGENCY MEDICAL TREATMENT:

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- 2009 Thomson

MICROMEDEX. All Rights Reserved. Any duplication, replication, "downloading,"

sale, redistribution or other use for commercial purposes is a vi olation of

Micromedex' rights and is strictly prohibited.<p>The following Overview, ***

FLUORINATED HYDROCARBONS ***, is relevant for this HSDB record chemical.

LIFE SUPPORT:

o This overview assumes that basic life support measures

have been instituted.

CLINICAL EFFECTS:

0.2.1 SUMMARY OF EXPOSURE

0.2.1.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE

A) WITH POISONING/EXPOSURE

1) LOW CONCENTRATION

- Inhalations such as those causedby leaking air conditioners or refrigerators may

result in transient eye, nose, and throat irritation.

Palpitations, light

- headedness and headaches are also

seen.

2) HIGH CONCENTRATION

- Inhalation associated with

deliberate abuse, spills or industrial use occurring

in poorly ventilated areas has been associated with

ventricular dysrhythmias, pulmonary edema and sudden

death.

0.2.4 HEENT

0.2.4.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE

A) WITH POISONING/EXPOSURE

1) EARS

- Tinnitus occurred in workers exposed to

Freon

- 22 after a freezer exploded in a seafood

factory.

2) EYES

- Eye irritation occurs with ambient exposure.

Frostbite of the lids may be severe. Ocular

instillation results in corneal burns in rabbits.

3) NOSE

- Nasal irritation occurs with ambient exposure.

4) THROAT

- Irritation occurs. Frostbite of the lips,

tongue, buccal mucosa and hard palate developed in a

man after deliberate i nhalation.

0.2.5 CARDIOVASCULAR

0.2.5.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE

A) WITH POISONING/EXPOSURE

1) Inhalation of high concentrations is associated with

the development of refractory ventricular dysrhythmias

and sudden death, believed to be secondary, primarily,

to hypoxia or myocardial sensitization to endogenous

catecholamines. Some individuals may be susceptible to

arrhythmogenic effects at lower concentrations.

0.2.6 RESPIRATORY

0.2.6. 1 ACUTE EXPOSURE

A) WITH POISONING/EXPOSURE

1) Pulmonary irritation, bronchial constriction, cough,

dyspnea, and chest tightness may develop after

inhalation. Chronic pulmonary hyperreactivity may

occur. Adult respiratory distress syndrome has been

reported following acute inhalational exposures.

Pulmonary edema is an autopsy finding in fatal cases.

0.2.7 NEUROLOGIC

0.2.7.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE

A) WITH POISONING/EXPOSURE

1) Headache, dizziness, and disorientation are common.

Cerebral edema may be found on autopsy. A syndrome of

impaired psychomotor speed, impaired memory and

learning, and emotional lability has been described in

workers with chronic occupational exposure tofluorinated hydrocarbons.

0.2.8 GASTROINTESTINAL

0.2.8.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE

A) WITH POISONING/EXPOSURE

1) Nausea may develop. Ingestion of a small amount of

trichlorofluor omethane resulted in necrosis and

perforation of the stomach in one patient.

0.2.9 HEPATIC

0.2.9.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE

A) WITH POISONING/EXPOSURE

1) Jaundice and mild elevations in transaminases may

develop after inhalational exposure or ingestion.

Hepatocellular coagulative necrosis has been observed

on liver biopsy. Mildly elevated levels of alkaline

phosphatase and lactic acid dehydrogenase were

reported in workers exposed to Freon

- 22.

0.2.14 DERMATOLOGIC

0.2.14.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE

A) WITH POISONING/EXPOSURE

1) Dermal contact may result in defatting, irritation or

contact dermatitis. Severe frostbite has been reported

as an effect of freon exposure. Injection causes

transient pain, erythema and edema.

0.2.15 MUSCULOSKELETAL

0.2.15.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE

A) WITH POISONING/EXPOSURE

1) Rhabdomyolysis has been reported in a worker

susceptible to malig nant hyperthermia after exposure

to fluorinated hydrocarbons and also following

intentional freon inhalation. Compartment syndrome is

a rare complication of severe exposure.

0.2.20 REPRODUCTIVE HAZARDS

A) Dichlorodifluoromethane was not teratogenic in rats and

rabbits.

B) The reproductive effects of 1,1,1,2

- tetrafluoroethane

were studied in rats. No adverse effects on reproductive

performance was noted or on the development, maturati on

or reproductive performance of up to two successive

generations.

0.2.22 GENOTOXICITY

A) The hydrochlorofluorocarbons, HCFC

- 225ca and HCFC

- 225cb,

were not mutagenic in the Ames reverse mutation assay,

or clastogenic in the chromosomal aberration assay with

Chinese hamster lung cells. Neither induced unscheduled

DNA synthesis in liver cells. Both of these agents were

clastogenic in the chromosomal aberration assay with

human l ymphocytes.

LABORATORY:A) Fluorinated hydrocarbons plasma levels are not clinically

useful.

B) Obtain baseline pulse oximetry or arterial blood gas

analysis.

C) Institute continuous cardiac monitoring and obtain an ECG

after significant exposure.

TREATMENT OVERVIEW:

0.4.2 ORAL EXPOSURE

A) These substances may cause frostbite to the upper airway

and gastrointestinal tract after ingestion. Administer

oxygen and manage airway as clinically indicated.

Emesis, activated charcoal, and gastric lavage are not

recommended.

0.4.3 INHALATION EXPOSURE

A) MONITOR ECG and VITAL SIGNS carefully. Cardiopulmonary

resuscitation may be necessary. Caution is advised with

the administration of CATECHOLAMINE drugs.

B) PROVIDE A QUIET CALM ATMOSPHERE to prevent adrenaline

surge if the patient is seen before the onset of cardiac

arrhythmias. Minimize physical exertion.

C) MONITOR pulse oxi metry or arterial blood gases.

D) Provide symptomatic and supportive care.

E) These substances may cause frostbite of the upper airway

with the potential for severe edema. Administer oxygen

and manage airway early in patients with evidence of

upper airway injury.

F) ACUTE LUNG INJURY: Maintain ventilation and oxygenation

and evaluate with frequent arterial blood gas or pulse

oximetry monitoring. Early use of PEEP and mechanical

ventilat ion may be needed.

0.4.4 EYE EXPOSURE

A) DECONTAMINATION: Irrigate exposed eyes with copious

amounts of room temperature water for at least 15

minutes. If irritation, pain, swelling, lacrimation, or

photophobia persist, the patient should be seen in a

health care facility.

B) Ophthalmologic consultation should be considered in

symptomatic patients.

0.4.5 DERMAL EXPOSURE

A) OVERVIEW

1) DECONTAMINATION: Remove contaminated clothing an d wash

exposed area thoroughly with soap and water. A

physician may need to examine the area if irritation or

pain persists.

2) If frostbite has occurred, refer to dermal treatment in

the main body of this document for rewarming.

RANGE OF TOXICITY:

A) Freons are very toxic when inhaled in high concentrationsand/or for extended periods. At lower concentrations or

brief exposure, freons may cause transient eye, nose, and

throat irr itation.

ANTIDOTE AND EMERGENCY TREATMENT:

INHALATION: REMOVE VICTIM FROM EXPOSURE; IF BREATHING IS DIFFICULT, GIVE

ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION & CALL PHYSICIAN. [U.S. Coast Guard, Department

of Transportation. CHRIS

- Hazardous Chemical Data. Manual Two.

Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, Oct., 1978.] **PEER

REVIEWED**

ANIMAL TOXICITY STUDIES:

EVIDENCE FOR CARCINOGENICITY:

Evaluation: No epidemiological data relevant to the carcinogenicit y of

tetrafluoroethylene were available. There is sufficient evidence in

experimental animals for the carcinogenicity of tetrafluoroethylene.

Overall evaluation: Tetrafluoroethylene is possibly carcinogenic to humans

(Group 2B). [IARC. Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk

of Chemicals to Man. Geneva: World Health Organization, International

Agency for Research on Cancer, 1972

- PRESENT. (Multivolume work)., p. 71

1150 (1999)] **PEER REVIEWED**

A3; Confirmed animal carcinogen with unknown relevance to humans.

[American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists TLVs and BEIs.

Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents and

Biological Exposure Indices. Cincinnati, OH, 2008, p. 55] **QC REVIEWED**

Tetrafluoroethylene: reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen.

[DHHS/National Toxicology Program; Eleventh Report on Carcinogens: beta

- Tetrafluoroethylene (116

- 14

- 3) (January 2005). Available from, as of July

31, 2009: http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/ntp/roc/eleventh/profiles/s170tfe.pdf ]

**QC REVIEWED**

NON

- HUMAN TOXICITY EXCERPTS:

RATS DYING FROM LETHAL EXPOSURES NOT ONLY SHOW DAMAGE TO LUNGS,

BUT...DEGENERATIVE CHANGES IN THE KIDNEY... [International Labour Office.

Encyclopedia of Occupational Health and Safety. Volumes I and II. New

York: McGraw

- Hill Book Co., 1971., p. 1396] **PEER REVIEWED**

RATS CHRONICALLY POI SONED BY TETRAFLUOROETHYLENE INHALATION AT 100 MG/CU M

FOR 4 MO SHOWED A DROP IN SKIN BACTERICIDAL ACTIVITY & AN INCR IN

SERUM O

- ANTIBODIES. APPARENTLY COMPD PUT A STRESS ON IMMUNOLOGICAL DEFENSE

OF ANIMALS & LOWERED THEIR RESISTANCE. [AKATOVA RS; TR PERM GOS MED

INST 82: 187 (1970)] **PEER REVIEWED**... CONCLUSIONS: Under the conditions of these two yr inhalation studies,

there was clear evidence of carcinogenic activity of tetrafluoroethylene

in male F344/N rats based on increased incidences of renal tubule

neoplasms (mainly adenomas) and hepatocellular neoplasms. There was clear

evidence of carcinogenic activity of tetrafluoroethylene in female F344/N

rats based on increased incidences of renal tubule neoplasms, liver

hemangiosarcomas, hepatocelluar neoplasms, and mononuclear cell leukemia.

There was clear evidence of carcinogenic activity of tetrafluoroethylene

in male and female B6C3F1 mice based on inc reased incidences of liver

hemangiomas and hemangiosarcomas, hepatocelluar neoplasms and histiocytic

sarcomas. Slight increases of mononuclear cell leukemia and testicular

interstitial cell adenomas in male rats may have been related to exposure

to tetrafluoroethylene. [Toxicology & Carcinogenesis Studies of

Tetrafluoroethylene in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Inhalation Studies).

Technical Report Series No. 450 (D1997) NIH Publication No. 97

- 3366 U.S.

Dep artment of Health and Human Services, National Toxicology Program,

National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle

Park, NC 27709] **PEER REVIEWED**

NATIONAL TOXICOLOGY PROGRAM STUDIES:

... Male and female F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice were exposed to

tetrafluoroethylene (98%

- 99% pure) by whole body inhation for 2 tyr. ... 2

YEAR STUDY IN RATS: Groups of 60 male rats were exposed to 156, 312, or

625 ppm and groups of 60 female rats were expo sed to 312, 625, or 1,250

ppm tetrafluoroethylene by inhalation for 6 hr/day, 5 days/wk for 104 wk,

with an observation period of 11 days following the final exposure. ... 2

YEAR STUDY IN MICE: Groups of 58 male and 58 female B6C3F1 mice were

exposed to 0, 312, 625, or 1,250 ppm tetrafluoroethylene by inhalation for

6 hr/day, 5 days/wk for95 to 96 wk. ... CONCLUSIONS: Under the conditions

of these two yr inhalation studies, there was clear evidence of

carcino genic activity of tetrafluoroethylene in male F344/N rats based on

increased incidences of renal tubule neoplasms (mainly adenomas) and

hepatocellular neoplasms. There was clear evidence of carcinogenic

activity of tetrafluoroethylene in female F344/N rats based on increased

incidences of renal tubule neoplasms, liver hemangiosarcomas,

hepatocelluar neoplasms, and mononuclear cell leukemia. There was clear

evidence of carcinogenic activity of tetrafluoroethylene in male and

female B6C3F1 mice based on increased incidences of liver hemangiomas and

hemangiosarcomas, hepatocelluar neoplasms and histiocytic sarcomas. Slight

increases of mononuclear cell leukemia and testicular interstitial cell

adenomas in male rats may have been related to exposure to

tetrafluoroethylene. [Toxicology & Carcinogenesis Studies of

Tetrafluoroethylene in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Inhalation Studies).

Technical Report Series No. 450 (D19 97) NIH Publication No. 97

- 3366 U.S.

Department of Health and Human Services, National Toxicology Program,

National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle

Park, NC 27709] **PEER REVIEWED**ONGOING TEST STATUS:

The following link will take the user to the National Toxicology Program

(NTP) Test Agent Search Results page, which tabulates all of the "Standard

Toxicology & Carcinogenesis Studies", "Developmental Studies", and

"Geneti c Toxicity Studies" performed with this chemical. Clicking on the

"Testing Status" link will take the user to the status (i.e., in review,

in progress, in preparation, on test, completed, etc.) and results of all

the studies that the NTP has done on this chemical.

[http://ntp

apps.niehs.nih.gov/ntp_tox/index.cfm?fuseaction=ntpsearch.searchresults&sear

chterm=116

- 14

- 3]

[Available from:

http://ntp

apps.niehs.nih.gov/ntp_tox/index.cfm?fuseaction=ntpsearch.searchresu lts&sear

chterm=116

- 14

- 3

] **QC REVIEWED**

TSCA TEST SUBMISSIONS:

Subchronic toxicity was evaluated in groups of 10 male CD rats and 10 male

Syrian hamsters exposed by inhalation to 0, 101, 500, 991, or 2489 ppm

tetrafluoroethylene (referred to as TFE, 99.3% minimum purity) 6 hrs/day,

5 days/week for 2 weeks. No clinical signs of toxicity resulting from TFE

exposures were observed in rats and hamsters during the treatment period.

After termination of e xposure, rats exhibited a statistically significant

decrease in serum albumin and albumin/globulin ratios at all exposure

levels, although the effect was not dose related. Urinary fluoride in rats

was elevated in a dose dependent manner at all levels, but differences

were only significant in the 500,991 and 2489 ppm exposure groups. Other

differences noted in rats included significant and dose dependent

decreases in serum glutamic

- pyruvic transaminase activity and u rea

nitrogen levels at the 500, 991 and 2489 ppm dose levels. Additionally,

rats showed a significant depression in serum alkaline phosphatase

activity in the 2489 ppm group. After 14 days of recovery all effects had

disappeared in rats, except elevation of urinary fluoride. After

termination of exposure, hamsters exhibited a significant increase in

urinary fluoride excretion in the 991 and 2489 ppm groups. Serum albumin

depression was significant in the 101 ppm exposure group. After the 14 day

recovery period serum albumin depression was significant in the 500,991,

and 2489 ppm exposure groups; urinary fluoride was at normal levels.

Following 10 exposures, 5 of 5 rats exposed at the 2489 ppm level

exhibited compound related kidney histopathology which disappeared after

14 days of recovery. No histopathological effects were observed in

hamsters after 10 exposures, however, following the 14 day recovery period

a s ignificant increase in testicular atrophy was observed in the 2489

exposure group. Rats showed significant elevation of absolute and relative

weights of liver and kidneys following the 10th exposure in the 991 and

2489 ppm exposure groups. These effects were not present after the 14 day

recovery period. There were no significant differences in absolute orrelative organ weights in hamsters exposed to any level of TFE.[ Haskell

Laboratories; Subacute inhalation toxic ity of tetrafluoroethylene. (1980),

EPA Document No. 40

- 8234028, Fiche No. OTS0507507] **UNREVIEWED**

Subchronic toxicity was evaluated in groups of 120 (60 male, 60 female) CD

rats and Syrian hamsters exposed to nominal concentrations of 0, 200, 600,

or 2000 ppm tetrafluoroethylene vapor (purity not reported) 6 hrs/day, 5

days/week for approx. 90 days. The following statistically significant

clinical effects were observed in rats: lower mean body weights during

most of the study, and lower overall body weight gains for male and

females at 2000 ppm; higher incidence of alopecia and sores for animals in

the 2000 ppm group; exposure related increases in urinary fluoride levels

in males and females; increased urine volume in females exposed to 600 or

2000 ppm TFE with accompanying decreases in osmolality in the 200 and 2000

ppm groups; and decreased creatinine in all treated females. The only

significant clinical observ ation reported in hamsters was an increase in

the frequency of ocular abnormalities (scabs over eyes) in females exposed

to 600 or 2000 ppm TFE. Rats showed the following significant blood

related effects: a decrease in the serum albumin/globulin ratio at 45 days

in all treated females; decreased serum albumin in 600 and 2000 ppm

females at 45 days, and in 2000 ppm females at 90 days; elevated serum

glutamic

- pyruvic transaminase activity in females exposed at the 20 00 ppm

level; decreased hematocrits in 200 and 2000 ppm male rats, with decreased

mean corpuscular volumes in 2000 ppm male rats; and temporarily elevated

leukocyte counts in the 600 and 2000 ppm female rats. The only significant

hematological effect reported in hamsters was a decrease in serum albumin

in 2000 ppm males at 90 days. Following necropsy, significant observations

in rats included a dose related increase in kidney and liver weights at

the 2000 ppm level, and tubular nephrosis of the straight portions of the

proximal convoluted tubules in animals exposed to 600 or 2000 ppm TFE,

observed at 45 and 90 days. Observations in hamsters included a dose

related increase in mean relative liver weights in females; and atrophic

changes in immature or mature testes of hamsters exposed to 2000 ppm TFE.[

Haskell Laboratories; Ninety

- day inhalation toxicity study with

tetrafluoroethylene (TFE) in rats and hamsters. (1981), EPA Document No.

40

- 8234030, Fiche No. OTS0507508] **UNREVIEWED**

The ability of tetrafluoroethylene to induce specific locus mutations at

the HPRT locus in cultured Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells (CHO/HPRT

Mutagenicity Assay) was evaluated in the presence and absence of

Aroclor

- induced rat liver S9 metabolic activation. Based on preliminary

toxicity determinations, tetrafluoroethylene, was tested at nominal

concentrations of 0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100% for treatments with and

without metabolic activation. Twenty two nonactivated cultures produced a

range of 100.0

- 56.5% cell survival relative to the negative control and

twenty two activated cultures produced a range of 133.4

- 49.3% relative

cell survival. None of the cultures produced mutant frequencies

significantly greater than the negative control with or without metabolicactivation.[Haskell Laboratory; Mutagenicity Evaluation of

Tetrafluoroethylene i n the CHO/HPRT Assay, (1986), EPA Document No.

86860000130, Fiche No. OTS0510275] **UNREVIEWED**

The mutagenicity of tetrafluoroethylene was evaluated Salmonella tester

strains TA1535, TA97, TA98 and TA100 (Ames Test), both in the presence and

absence of Aroclor

- induced rat liver S9 metabolic activation. Based on

preliminary toxicity determinations, tetrafluoroethylene, was tested at

nominal concentrations of 0, 0.5, 3, 4, and 5% using the plate

incorporat ion technique. Tetrafluoroethylene did not cause a positive

response in any tester strain with or without metabolic

activation.[Haskell Laboratory; Mutagenicity Evaluation of

Tetrafluoroethylene in Salmonella Typhimurium, Final Report, (1986), EPA

Document No. 86860000093, Fiche No. OTS0510242] **UNREVIEWED**

METABOLISM/PHARMACOKINETICS:

ABSORPTION, DISTRIBUTION & EXCRETION:

MALE RATS EXPOSED TO 14 G/CU M...IN AIR FOR 30 MIN EXCRETED SMALL AMT OF

FLUORIDE ION IN URINE OVER A 14

- DAY PERIOD, INDICATING THAT COMPD CAN BE

METABOLIZED. [IARC. Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk

of Chemicals to Man. Geneva: World Health Organization, International

Agency for Research on Cancer, 1972

- PRESENT. (Multivolume work)., p. V19

288] **PEER REVIEWED**

PHARMACOLOGY:

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE & EXPOSURE:

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE/EXPOSURE SUMMARY:

Tetrafluoroethylene's production and use in the production of

flu oropolymers, nitroso rubbers, and low molecular mass compounds and

intermediates may result in its release to the environment through various

waste streams. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 2.45X10+4 mm Hg at

25 deg C indicates tetrafluoroethylene will exist solely as a vapor in the

ambient atmosphere. Vapor

- phase tetrafluoroethylene will be degraded in

the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically

- produced hydroxyl radicals

and ozone; estimated half

- lives for these reactions in air are 75 days and

1.1 years, respectively. If released to soil, an estimated Koc of 110

indicates tetrafluoroethylene will have high mobility in soil.

Volatilization from wet and dry soil surfaces is expected to be an

important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of0.63 atm

- cu m/mole and this compound's vapor pressure, respectively. If

released into water, tetrafluoroethylene's estimated Koc indicates this

compo und is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in the

water column. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to occur

based upon the estimated Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization

half

- lives for a model river and model lake are 2.9 hours and 4.0 days,

respectively. An estimated BCF of 1.7 suggests the potential for

bioconcentration of tetrafluoroethylene in aquatic organisms is low.

Highly fluorinated compounds such as tetrafluoroethy lene are not expected

to biodegrade rapidly. Tetrafluoroethylene is not expected to hydrolyze

due to the lack of hydrolyzable functional groups. Occupational exposure

to tetrafluoroethylene may occur through inhalation of this compound at

workplaces where tetrafluoroethylene is produced or used. (SRC) **PEER

REVIEWED**

PROBABLE ROUTES OF HUMAN EXPOSURE:

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981

- 1983) has statistically estimated that 332 workers

(145 of these are female) a re potentially exposed to tetrafluoroethylene

in the US(1). Occupational exposure to tetrafluoroethylene may occur

through inhalation of this compound at workplaces where

tetrafluoroethylene is produced or used(SRC). [(1) NIOSH; National

Occupational Exposure Survey (NOES) (1983)] **PEER REVIEWED**

ARTIFICIAL POLLUTION SOURCES:

Tetrafluoroethylene's production and use in the production of

fluoropolymers, nitroso rubbers, and low molecular mass compounds and

intermediates(1) may result in its release to the environment through

various waste streams(SRC). [(1) Siegemund G et al; Ullmann's Encycl

Indust Chem, NY,NY: VCH VA11: 349

- 392 (1988)] **PEER REVIEWED**

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE:

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a recommended classification scheme(1), an

estimated Koc value of 110(SRC), determined from an estimated log Kow of

1.2(2,SRC) and a recommended regression

- derived equation(3), indicates

that tetrafluoroethylene i s expected to have high mobility in soil(SRC).

Volatilization of tetrafluoroethylene from moist soil surfaces is expected

to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law

constant of 0.63 atm

- cu m/mole(4). The potential for volatilization of

tetrafluoroethylene from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based on its

vapor pressure of 2.45X10+4 m Hg(5). Highly fluorinated compounds such as

tetrafluoroethylene are not expected to biodegrade rapidly(6). [ (1) Swann

RL et al; Res Rev 85: 23 (1983) (2) Meylan WM, Howard PH; J Pharm Sci 84:

83

- 92 (1995) (3) Lyman WJ et al; Handbook of Chemical Property Estimation

Methods. Washington,DC: Amer Chem Soc pp. 4

- 9 (1990) (4) Howard PH, Meylan

WM; Handbook of Physical Properties of Organic Chemicals. NY,NY: CRC

Press(1997)(5) Daubert TE, Danner RP; Physical and Thermodynamic

Properties of Pure Chemicals: Data Compilation. Design Inst Phys Prop

Data, Amer Inst Chem Eng., NY,NY: Hemisphere Pub Corp, Vol 1 (1996) (6)Boethling RS et al; Environ Sci Technol 28: 459

- 65 (1994)] **PEER

REVIEWED**

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a recommended classification scheme(1), an

estimated Koc value of 110(SRC), determined from an estimated log Kow of

1.2(2,SRC) and a recommended regression

- derived equation(3), indicates

that tetrafluoroethylene is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and

sediment in water(SRC). Tetrafluoroethylene is expec ted to volatilize

rapidly from water surfaces(3,SRC) based on an estimated Henry's Law

constant of 0.63 atm

- cu m/mole(4). Estimated volatilization half

- lives for

a model river and model lake are 2.9 hours and 4.0 days,

respectively(3,SRC). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated

BCF of 1.7(3,SRC), from an estimated log Kow(2,SRC), suggests that

bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Highly fluorinated

compounds such as tetrafluoroeth ylene are not expected to biodegrade

rapidly(6). [(1) Swann RL et al; Res Rev 85: 23 (1983) (2) Meylan WM,

Howard PH; J Pharm Sci 84: 83

- 92 (1995) (3) Lyman WJ et al; Handbook of

Chemical Property Estimation Methods. Washington,DC: Amer Chem Soc pp.

4

- 9, 5

- 4, 5

- 10, 15

- 1 to 15

- 29 (1990) (4) Howard PH, Meylan WM; Handbook of

Physical Properties of Organic Chemicals, NY,NY: CRC Press(1997) (5)

Franke C et al; Chemosphere 29: 1501

- 14 (1994) (6) Boethling RS et al;

Environ Sci Technol 28: 459

- 65 (1994)] **PEER REVIEWED**

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of

semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), tetrafluoroethylene,

which has a measured vapor pressure of 2.45X10+4 mm Hg at 25 deg C(2), is

expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor

- phase

tetrafluoroethylene is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with

photochemically

- produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC) ; the half

- life for this

reaction in air is estimated to be about 75 days(3,SRC). Vapor

- phase

tetrafluoroethylene may be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with

ozone(4); the half

- life for this reaction in air is estimated to be about

1.1 years(4,SRC). [(1) Bidleman TF; Environ Sci Technol 22: 361

- 367 (1988)

(2) Daubert TE, Danner RP; Physical and Thermodynamic Properties of Pure

Chemicals: Data Compilation. Design Inst Phys Prop Data, Amer Inst Chem

Eng. , NY,NY: Hemisphere Pub Corp, Vol 1 (1996) (3) Meylan WM, Howard PH;

Chemosphere 26: 2293

- 99 (1993) (4) Atkinson R; J Phys Chem Ref Data,

Monograph 2 (1994)] **PEER REVIEWED**

ENVIRONMENTAL ABIOTIC DEGRADATION:

The rate constant for the vapor

- phase reaction of tetrafluoroethylene with

photochemically

- produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 2.1X10

- 13

cu cm/molecule

- sec at 25 deg C(SRC) using a structure estimation

method(1,SRC). This corresponds to an at mospheric half

- life of about 75

days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu

cm(1,SRC). The rate constant for the vapor

- phase reaction of

tetrafluoroethylene with ozone has been measured as 2.8X10

- 20 cu

cm/molecule

- sec at 25 deg C(2). This corresponds to an atmospherichalf

- life of 1.1 years at an atmospheric ozone concentration of 7X10+11

mol/cu cm(1,SRC). Carbonyl fluoride and oxygen have been observed as

products of the vapor

- pha se ozonolysis of tetrafluoroethylene at room

temperature; carbonyl fluoride, tetrafluoroethylene oxide and traces of

perfluorocyclopropane have been identified as ozonolysis products when the

olefin is in excess(3). Tetrafluoroethylene is not expected to undergo

hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of hydrolyzable functional

groups(4). [(1) Meylan WM, Howard PH; Chemosphere 26: 2293

- 99 (1993) (2)

Atkinson R; J Phys Chem Ref Data, Monograph 2 (1994) (3) Sanh ueza E et al;

J Chem Rev 76: 801

- 26 (1976) (4) Lyman WJ et al; Handbook of Chemical

Property Estimation Methods. Washington,DC: Amer Chem Soc pp. 7

- 4, 7

- 5

(1990)] **PEER REVIEWED**

ENVIRONMENTAL BIOCONCENTRATION:

An estimated BCF of 1.7 was calculated for tetrafluoroethylene(SRC), using

an estimated log Kow of 1.2(1,SRC) and a recommended regression

- derived

equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests

that bioconcentration in aq uatic organisms is low(SRC). [(1) Meylan WM,

Howard PH; J Pharm Sci 84: 83

- 92 (1995) (2) Lyman WJ et al; Handbook of

Chemical Property Estimation Methods. Washington,DC: Amer Chem Soc pp.

5

- 4, 5

- 10 (1990) (3) Franke C et al; Chemosphere 29: 1501

- 14 (1994)]

**PEER REVIEWED**

SOIL ADSORPTION/MOBILITY:

The Koc of tetrafluoroethylene is estimated as approximately 110(SRC),

using an estimated log Kow of 1.2(1,SRC) and a regression

- derived

equation(2,SRC). Acco rding to a recommended classification scheme(3), this

estimated Koc value suggests that tetrafluoroethylene is expected to have

high mobility in soil(SRC). [(1) Meylan WM, Howard PH; J Pharm Sci 84:

83

- 92 (1995) (2) Lyman WJ et al; Handbook of Chemical Property Estimation

Methods. Washington,DC: Amer Chem Soc pp. 4

- 9 (1990) (3) Swann RL et al;

Res Rev 85: 23 (1983)] **PEER REVIEWED**

VOLATILIZATION FROM WATER/SOIL:

The Henry's Law constant for tetrafluoroethylen e is estimated as 0.63

atm

- cu m/mole(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that

tetrafluoroethylene is expected to volatilize rapidly from water

surfaces(3,SRC). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the estimated

volatilization half

- life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec,

wind velocity of 3 m/sec) is estimated as approximately 2.9 hours(3,SRC).

The estimated volatilization half

- life from a model lake (1 m deep,

flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity o f 0.5 m/sec) is estimated as

approximately 4.0 days(3,SRC). Tetrafluoroethylene's Henry's Law

constant(1) indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces is

expected to occur(SRC). The potential for volatilization of

tetrafluoroethylene from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based on a vapor

pressure of 2.45X10+4 mm Hg(2). [(1) Howard PH, Meylan WM; Handbook of

Physical Properties of Organic Chemicals. NY,NY: CRC Press(1997) (2)Daubert TE, Danner RP; P hysical and Thermodynamic Properties of Pure

Chemicals: Data Compilation. Design Inst Phys Prop Data, Amer Inst Chem

Eng., NY,NY: Hemisphere Pub Corp, Vol 1 (1996) (3) Lyman WJ et al;

Handbook of Chemical Property Estimation Methods. Washington,DC: Amer Chem

Soc pp. 15

- 1 to 15

- 29 (1990)] **PEER REVIEWED**

ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS & REGULATIONS:

TSCA REQUIREMENTS:

Pursuant to section 8(d) of TSCA, EPA promulgated a model Health and

Safety Data Reporting Rul e. The section 8(d) model rule requires

manufacturers, importers, and processors of listed chemical substances and

mixtures to submit to EPA copies and lists of unpublished health and

safety studies. Tetrafluoroethylene is included on this list. [40 CFR

716.120 (7/1/96)] **PEER REVIEWED**

Manufacturers and processors of tetrafluoroethene are required to conduct

health effects testing under TSCA section 4. [40 CFR 799.1700 (7/1/96)]

**PEER REVIEWED**

CHEMICAL/PHYSICAL PROPERTIES:

MOLECULAR FORMULA:

C2

- F4 **PEER REVIEWED**

MOLECULAR WEIGHT:

100.02 [Lide, D.R. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 76th ed.

Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press Inc., 1995

- 1996., p. 3

- 164] **PEER REVIEWED**

COLOR/FORM:

COLORLESS GAS [Lewis, R.J., Sr (Ed.). Hawley's Condensed Chemical

Dictionary. 12th ed. New York, NY: Van Nostrand Rheinhold Co., 1993, p.

1130] **PEER REVIEWED**

ODOR:

Odorless [Gerhartz, W. (exec ed.). Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial

Chemistry. 5th ed.Vol A1: Deerfield Beach, FL: VCH Publishers, 1985 to

Present., p. VA11 361] **PEER REVIEWED**

BOILING POINT:

- 75.9 deg C [Lide, D.R. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 76th

ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press Inc., 1995

- 1996., p. 3

- 164] **PEER

REVIEWED**MELTING POINT:

- 142.5 DEG C [Lide, D.R. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics.

76th ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press Inc., 1995

- 1 996., p. 3

- 164] **PEER

REVIEWED**

CRITICAL TEMPERATURE & PRESSURE:

Critical temperature = 33.3 deg C; Critical pressure = 3.82 MPa [Gerhartz,

W. (exec ed.). Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. 5th ed.Vol

A1: Deerfield Beach, FL: VCH Publishers, 1985 to Present., p. VA11 360]

**PEER REVIEWED**

DENSITY/SPECIFIC GRAVITY:

1.519 g/cu cm at

- 76 deg C [Lide, D.R. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry

and Physics. 76th ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press Inc ., 1995

- 1996., p.

3

- 164] **PEER REVIEWED**

SOLUBILITIES:

Water solubility = 1.59X10+2 mg/l @ 25 deg C [Horvath AL; Halogenated

hydrocarbons: solubility

- miscibility with water. NY,NY: Marcel Dekker, Inc

pp. 889 (1982)] **PEER REVIEWED**

SPECTRAL PROPERTIES:

IR: 16251 (Sadtler Research Laboratories IR Grating Collection) [Weast,

R.C. and M.J. Astle. CRC Handbook of Data on Organic Compounds. Volumes I

and II. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press Inc. 1985., p. V1 627] **PEER REVIEWED**

UV: 16575 (Sadtler Research Laboratories Spectral Collection) [Weast, R.C.

and M.J. Astle. CRC Handbook of Data on Organic Compounds. Volumes I and

II. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press Inc. 1985., p. V1 627] **PEER REVIEWED**

NMR: 9038 (Sadtler Research Laboratories Spectral Collection) [Weast, R.C.

and M.J. Astle. CRC Handbook of Data on Organic Compounds. Volumes I and

II. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press Inc. 1985., p. V1 627] **PEER REVIEWED* *

MASS: 30 (National Bureau of Standards EPA

- NIH Mass Spectra Data Base,

NSRDS

- NBS

- 63) [Weast, R.C. and M.J. Astle. CRC Handbook of Data on Organic

Compounds. Volumes I and II. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press Inc. 1985., p. V1

627] **PEER REVIEWED**

MASS: 4008 (National Bureau of Standards EPA

- NIH Mass Spectra Data Base,

NSRDS

- NBS

- 63) [Weast, R.C. and M.J. Astle. CRC Handbook of Data on Organic

Compounds. Volumes I and II. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press Inc. 1985. , p. V2

328] **PEER REVIEWED**

VAPOR DENSITY:

3.87 (AIR= 1) [National Fire Protection Guide. Fire Protection Guide on

Hazardous Materials. 10 th ed. Quincy, MA: National Fire Protection

Association, 1991., p. 325M

- 85] **PEER REVIEWED**VAPOR PRESSURE:

Vapor pressure = 2.45X10+4 mm Hg @ 25 deg C /calculated from

experimentally derived coefficients/ [Daubert, T.E., R.P. Danner. Physical

and Thermodynamic Properties of Pure Chemicals Data Compilation.

Washington, D.C.: Taylor and Francis, 1989.] **PEER REVIEWED**

OTHER CHEMICAL/PHYSICAL PROPERTIES:

ODORLESS OR FAINT ODOR; CRITICAL TEMP: 92 DEG F= 33 DEG C= 306 DEG K; HEAT

OF POLYMERIZATION:

- 450 BTU/LB= 250 CAL/G=

- 10.5X10+5 JOULES/KG; CRITICAL

PRESSURE: 573 PSIA= 38.9 ATM= 3.95 MN/SQ M; HEAT OF COMBUSTION:

- 4,000

BTU/LB=

- 2,000 CAL/G=

- 90X10+5 JOULES/KG /INHIBITED/ [U.S. Coast Guard,

Department of Transportation. CHRIS

- Hazardous Chemical Data. Manual Two.

Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, Oct., 1978.] **PEER

REVIEWED**

MUCH HEAVIER THAN AIR [Lewis, R.J., Sr (Ed.). Hawley's Condensed Chemical

Dictionary. 12th ed. New York, NY: Van Nostrand Rheinhold Co., 1993, p.

1130] **PEER REVIEWED**

Critical density = 0.58 g/cu cm; Heat of evaporation = 16,821 J/mol at

- 75.6 deg C [Gerhartz, W. (exec ed.). Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial

Chemistry. 5th ed.Vol A1: Deerfield Beach, FL: VCH Publi shers, 1985 to

Present., p. VA11 360] **PEER REVIEWED**

CHEMICAL SAFETY & HANDLING:

DOT EMERGENCY GUIDELINES:

/GUIDE 116P: GASES

- FLAMMABLE (UNSTABLE)/ Fire or Explosion: EXTREMELY

FLAMMABLE. Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Will form

explosive mixtures with air. ... Those substances designated with a "P"

may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Vapors from

liquefied gas are initially heavier than air and spread alon g ground.

Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Cylinders exposed

to fire may vent and release flammable gas through pressure relief

devices. Containers may explode when heated. Ruptured cylinders may

rocket. /Tetrafluoroethylene, inhibited; Tetrafluoroethylene, stabilized/

[U.S. Department of Transportation. 2004 Emergency Response Guidebook. A

Guide book for First Responders During the Initial Phase of a Dangerous

Goods/Hazardous Materials Incident. Washington, D.C. 2004] **QC REVIEWED**

/GUIDE 116P: GASES

- FLAMMABLE (UNSTABLE)/ Health: Vapors may cause

dizziness or asphyxiation without warning. Some may be toxic if inhaled at

high concentrations. Contact with gas or liquefied gas may cause burns,

severe injury and/or frostbite. Fire may produce irritating and/or toxic

gases. /Tetrafluoroethylene, inhibited; Tetrafluoroethylene, stabilized/[U.S. Department of Transportation. 2004 Emergency Response Guidebook. A

Guide book for First Responders During the Initial Phase of a Dangerous

Goods/Hazardous Materials Incident. Washington, D.C. 2004] **QC REVIEWED**

/GUIDE 116P: GASES

- FLAMMABLE (UNSTABLE)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency

Response Telephone Number ... . As an immediate precautionary measure,

isolate spill or leak area for at least 100 meters (330 feet) in all

directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Many gases are

heavier than air and will spread along ground and collect in low or

confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Keep out of low areas.

/Tetrafluoroethylene, inhibited; Tetrafluoroethylene, stabilized/ [U.S.

Department of Transportation. 2004 Emergency Response Guidebook. A Guide

book for First Responders During the Initial Phase of a Dangerous

Goods/Hazardous Materials Incident. Washington, D.C. 2004] **QC REVIEWED**

/GUIDE 116P: GASES

- FLAMMABLE (UNSTABLE )/ Protective Clothing: Wear

positive pressure self

- contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Structural

firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection.

/Tetrafluoroethylene, inhibited; Tetrafluoroethylene, stabilized/ [U.S.

Department of Transportation. 2004 Emergency Response Guidebook. A Guide

book for First Responders During the Initial Phase of a Dangerous

Goods/Hazardous Materials Incident. Washington, D.C. 2004] **QC REVIEWED**

/GUIDE 116P: GASES

- FLAMMABLE (UNSTABLE)/ Evacuation: Large spill:

Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 800 meters (1/2 mile).

Fire: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for

1600 meters (1 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation

for 1600 meters (1 mile) in all directions. /Tetrafluoroethylene,

inhibited; Tetrafluoroethylene, stabilized/ [U.S. Department of

Transportation. 2004 Emergency Response Guideboo k. A Guide book for First

Responders During the Initial Phase of a Dangerous Goods/Hazardous

Materials Incident. Washington, D.C. 2004] **QC REVIEWED**

/GUIDE 116P: GASES

- FLAMMABLE (UNSTABLE)/ Fire: DO NOT EXTINGUISH A

LEAKING GAS FIRE UNLESS LEAK CAN BE STOPPED. Small fires: Dry chemical or

CO2. Large fires: Water spray or fog. Move containers from fire area if

you can do it without risk. Fire involving tanks: Fight fire from maximum

distance or use unm anned hose holders or monitor nozzles. Cool containers

with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Do not

direct water at source of leak or safety devices; icing may occur.

Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices

or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire.

For massive fire, use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles, if this is

impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn. /Tetraf luoroethylene,

inhibited; Tetrafluoroethylene, stabilized/ [U.S. Department of

Transportation. 2004 Emergency Response Guidebook. A Guide book for First

Responders During the Initial Phase of a Dangerous Goods/Hazardous

Materials Incident. Washington, D.C. 2004] **QC REVIEWED**/GUIDE 116P: GASES

- FLAMMABLE (UNSTABLE)/ Spill or Leak: ELIMINATE all

ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area).

All equipment used when handling t he product must be grounded. Stop leak

if you can do it without risk. Do not touch or walk through spilled

material. Do not direct water at spill or source of leak. Use water spray

to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff

to contact spilled material. If possible, turn leaking containers so that

gas escapes rather than liquid. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers,

basements or confined areas. Isolate area until gas has dispersed.

/Tetrafluoroethylene, inhibited; Tetrafluoroethylene, stabilized/ [U.S.

Department of Transportation. 2004 Emergency Response Guidebook. A Guide

book for First Responders During the Initial Phase of a Dangerous

Goods/Hazardous Materials Incident. Washington, D.C. 2004] **QC REVIEWED**

/GUIDE 116P: GASES

- FLAMMABLE (UNSTABLE)/ First Aid: Move victim to fresh

air. Call 911 or emergency medical service. Give artificial respiration if

victim is not breathing . Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes. In case of contact

with liquefied gas, thaw frosted parts with lukewarm water. In case of

burns, immediately cool affected skin for as long as possible with cold

water. Do not remove clothing if adhering to skin. Keep victim warm and

quiet. Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved

and take precautions to protect themselves. /Tetrafluoroethyle ne, inhibited; Tetrafluoroethylene, stabilized/ [U.S. Department of

Transportation. 2004 Emergency Response Guidebook. A Guide book for First

Responders During the Initial Phase of a Dangerous Goods/Hazardous

Materials Incident. Washington, D.C. 2004] **QC REVIEWED**

SKIN, EYE AND RESPIRATORY IRRITATIONS:

INHALATION CAUSES IRRITATION OF RESPIRATORY SYSTEM. CONTACT WITH EYES

CAUSES SLIGHT IRRITATION. /INHIBITED/ [U.S. Coast Guard, Department of

Transportat ion. CHRIS

- Hazardous Chemical Data. Manual Two. Washington,

DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, Oct., 1978.] **PEER REVIEWED**

FIRE POTENTIAL:

ATMOSPHERIC CONCN OF TETRAFLUOROETHYLENE SHOULD NOT BE ALLOWED IN CONTACT

WITH OPEN FLAMES. [International Labour Office. Encyclopedia of

Occupational Health and Safety. Volumes I and II. New York: McGraw

- Hill

Book Co., 1971., p. 1396] **PEER REVIEWED**

FLAMMABLE, DANGEROUS FIRE RISK [Hawley, G.G. The Condensed Chem ical

Dictionary. 9th ed. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., 1977., p. 847]

**PEER REVIEWED**

NFPA HAZARD CLASSIFICATION:

Health: 2. 2= Materials that, on intense or continued (but not chronic)

exposure, could cause temporary incapacitation or possible residualinjury, including those requiring the use of respiratory protective

equipment that has an independent air supply. These materials are

hazardous to health, but areas may be entered freely if person nel are

provided with full

- face mask self

- contained breathing apparatus that

provides complete eye protection. [Fire Protection Guide to Hazardous

Materials. 12 ed. Quincy, MA: National Fire Protection Association,

1997., p. 325

- 8] **QC REVIEWED**

Flammability: 4. 4= Includes flammable gases, pyrophoric liquids, and

Class IA flammable liquids. The preferred method of fire attack is to stop

the flow of material or to protect exposures while allowing the fi re to

burn itself out. [Fire Protection Guide to Hazardous Materials. 12 ed.

Quincy, MA: National Fire Protection Association, 1997., p. 325

- 85] **QC

REVIEWED**

Reactivity: 3. 3= Includes materials that, in themselves, are capable of

detonation, explosive decomposition, or explosive reaction, but which

require a strong initiating source or heating under confinement. This

includes materials that are sensitive to thermal and mechanical shock at

eleva ted temperatures and pressures and materials that react explosively

with water. Fires involving these materials should be fought from a

protected location. [Fire Protection Guide to Hazardous Materials. 12 ed.

Quincy, MA: National Fire Protection Association, 1997., p. 325

- 85] **QC

REVIEWED**

FLAMMABLE LIMITS:

10.0

- 50.0% BY VOL [Fire Protection Guide to Hazardous Materials. 12 ed.

Quincy, MA: National Fire Protection Association, 1997., p. 325

- 85] **QC

REVIEWED**

FLASH POINT:

< 32 deg F ( < 0 deg C) [Fire Protection Guide to Hazardous Materials.

12 ed. Quincy, MA: National Fire Protection Association, 1997., p.

49

- 125] **QC REVIEWED**

AUTOIGNITION TEMPERATURE:

200 DEG C (392 DEG F) [Fire Protection Guide to Hazardous Materials. 12

ed. Quincy, MA: National Fire Protection Association, 1997., p. 325

- 85]

**QC REVIEWED**

FIRE FIGHTING PROCEDURES:

LET FIRE BURN; STOP FLOW OF GAS; COOL CONTAINERS WITH WATER. [U.S. Coast

Guard, Department of Transportation. CHRIS

- Hazardous Chemical Data.

Manual Two. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, Oct., 1978.]

**PEER REVIEWED**

If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless

flow can be stopped. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Cool allaffected containers with flooding of water. Apply water from as far a

distance as possible. /Tetrafluoroethylene, inhibited/ [Assoc iation of

American Railroads. Emergency Handling of Hazardous Materials in Surface

Transportation. Washington, DC: Association of American Railroads, Bureau

of Explosives, 1994., p. 1039] **PEER REVIEWED**

TOXIC COMBUSTION PRODUCTS:

WHEN BURNED IN AIR, GAS FORMS TOXIC CARBONYL FLUORIDE & HYDROGEN

FLUORIDE. [U.S. Coast Guard, Department of Transportation. CHRIS

- Hazardous Chemical Data. Manual Two. Washington, DC: U.S. Government

Printing Office, Oct. , 1978.] **PEER REVIEWED**

FIREFIGHTING HAZARDS:

VAPOR IS HEAVIER THAN AIR & MAY TRAVEL CONSIDERABLE DISTANCE TO SOURCE

OF IGNITION & FLASH BACK. [U.S. Coast Guard, Department of

Transportation. CHRIS

- Hazardous Chemical Data. Manual Two. Washington,

DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, Oct., 1978.] **PEER REVIEWED**

...TOXIC IMPURITIES FORMED DURING PREPARATION OR PYROLYSIS OF

TETRAFLUOROETHYLENE, PARTICULARLY OCTAFLUOROISOBUTYLENE.../ARE HAZARDOUS/

. A FEW FATALITIES HAVE BEEN DESCRIBED FROM EXPOSURE TO THESE "HIGH

BOILERS". [International Labour Office. Encyclopedia of Occupational

Health and Safety. Volumes I and II. New York: McGraw

- Hill Book Co.,

1971., p. 1396] **PEER REVIEWED**

EXPLOSIVE LIMITS & POTENTIAL:

UNINHIBITED TETRAFLUOROETHYLENE IS LIABLE TO SPONTANEOUS POLYMERIZATION

&/OR DIMERIZATION... CONSEQUENT PRESSURE RISE IN CLOSED CONTAINER CAN

RESULT IN EXPLOSION... THESE SPONTANEOUS RE ACTIONS ARE INITIATED BY ACTIVE

IMPURITIES SUCH AS OXYGEN. [International Labour Office. Encyclopedia of

Occupational Health and Safety. Volumes I and II. New York: McGraw

- Hill

Book Co., 1971., p. 1396] **PEER REVIEWED**

LIMITS: 11

- 60% [International Labour Office. Encyclopedia of Occupational

Health and Safety. Volumes I and II. New York: McGraw

- Hill Book Co.,

1971., p. 1395] **PEER REVIEWED**

A terpene inhibitor is usually added to the monomer to prev ent spontaneous

polymerization, and in its absence, the monomer will spontaneously explode

at pressures above 2.7 bar. The inhibited monomer will explode if ignited.

[Bretherick, L. Handbook of Reactive Chemical Hazards. 4th ed. Boston, MA:

Butterworth

- Heinemann Ltd., 1990, p. 216] **PEER REVIEWED**

Explodes when heated. [Fire Protection Guide to Hazardous Materials. 12

ed. Quincy, MA: National Fire Protection Association, 1997., p. 49

- 125]

**QC REVIEWED* *

HAZARDOUS REACTIVITIES & INCOMPATIBILITIES:Liquid tetrafluoroethylene, being collected in a liquid nitrogen

- cooled

trap open to air, formed a peroxidic polymer which exploded. [Bretherick,

L. Handbook of Reactive Chemical Hazards. 4th ed. Boston, MA:

Butterworth

- Heinemann Ltd., 1990, p. 216] **PEER REVIEWED**

A mixture of the two monomers /tetrafluoroethylene and hexafluoropropene/

and air sealed in an ampule formed a gummy peroxide during several weeks.

The residue left after opening the ampule exploded violently on warming.

[Bretherick, L. Handbook of Reactive Chemical Hazards. 4th ed. Boston, MA:

Butterworth

- Heinemann Ltd., 1990, p. 216] **PEER REVIEWED**

Accidental contamination of a tetrafluoroethylene gas supply system with

iodine pentafluoride caused a violent explosion in the cylinders.

Exothermic reaction of the limonene inhibitor with the contaminant present

in the gas cylinders may have depleted the inhibitor and initiated

explosive polymerization. [Bretherick, L. Handbook of Reactive Chemical

Hazards. 4th ed. Boston, MA: Butterworth

- Heinemann Ltd., 1990, p. 216]

**PEER REVIEWED**

Incompatible with chloroperoxytrifluoromethane, difluoromethylene

dihypofluorite, dioxygen difluoride, metal alkoxides, oxygen, sulfur

trioxide, and triboron pentafluoride. [Bretherick, L. Handbook of Reactive

Chemical Hazards. 4th ed. Boston, MA: Butterworth

- Heinemann L td., 1990, p.

216] **PEER REVIEWED**

HAZARDOUS DECOMPOSITION:

When heated to decomposition it emits highly toxic fumes of ... /hydrogen

fluoride/. [Lewis, R.J. Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial

Materials. 9th ed. Volumes 1

- 3. New York, NY: Van Nostrand Reinhold,

1996., p. 3103] **PEER REVIEWED**

HAZARDOUS POLYMERIZATION:

Hazardous polymerization may occur. Usually contains inhibitors to prevent

polymerization. [Fire Protection Guide to Hazardou s Materials. 12 ed.

Quincy, MA: National Fire Protection Association, 1997., p. 49

- 125] **QC

REVIEWED**

PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT & CLOTHING:

SELF

- CONTAINED BREATHING APPARATUS FOR HIGH CONCN /INHIBITED/ [U.S. Coast

Guard, Department of Transportation. CHRIS

- Hazardous Chemical Data.

Manual Two. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, Oct., 1978.]

**PEER REVIEWED**

PREVENTIVE MEASURES:

ANY POSSIBILITY OF LEAKS FROM POLYMERIZATION VESSELS SHOULD BE CAREFULLY

CONTROLLED &, WHERE NECESSARY, EXHAUST VENTILATION SHOULD BE APPLIED.

[International Labour Office. Encyclopedia of Occupational Health and

Safety. Volumes I and II. New York: McGraw

- Hill Book Co., 1971., p. 1396]**PEER REVIEWED**

...IN VIEW OF THE HIGH TOXICITY OF CERTAIN OF DECOMP PRODUCTS, SMOKING

SHOULD BE PROHIBITED AT WORKPLACE. [International Labour Office.

Encyclopedia of Occupational Health and Safety. Volumes I and II. New

York: McGraw

- Hill Book Co., 1971., p. 1396] **PEER REVIEWED**

BECAUSE OF POTENTIAL DANGERS, CASUAL EXPT WITH TETRAFLUOROETHYLENE SHOULD

NOT BE UNDERTAKEN BY THE UNSKILLED. [International Labour Office.

Encyclopedia of Occupational Health and Safety. Volumes I and II. New

York: McGraw

- Hill Book Co., 1971., p. 1396] **PEER REVIEWED**

If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep sparks, flames, and

other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and

sewers. Attempt to stop leak if without undue personnel hazard. Use water

spray to knock

- down vapors. /Tetrafluoroethylene, inhibited/ [Association

of American Railroads. Emergency Handling of Hazardous Materials in

Surface Transportation. Washington, DC: Association of American Railroads,

Bureau of Explosives, 1994., p. 1039] **PEER REVIEWED**

Personnel protection: Keep upwind. ... Do not handle broken packages

unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. Approach fire

with caution. /Tetrafluoroethylene, inhibited/ [Association of American

Railroads. Emergency Handling of Hazardous Materials in Surface

Transportation. Washington, DC: Association of American Railroads, Bureau

of Explosives, 1994., p. 1039] **PEER REVIEWED**

Evacuation: If fire becomes uncontrollable or container is exposed to

direct flame

-- consider evacuation of one

- half (1/2) mile radius. If

material leakin g (not on fire) consider evacuation from downwind area

based on amount of material spilled, location and weather conditions.

/Tetrafluoroethylene, inhibited/ [Association of American Railroads.

Emergency Handling of Hazardous Materials in Surface Transportation.

Washington, DC: Association of American Railroads, Bureau of Explosives,

1994., p. 1039] **PEER REVIEWED**

STABILITY/SHELF LIFE:

Closed containers may rupture violently when heated. [Fire Protection

Guide to Hazardous Materials. 12 ed. Quincy, MA: National Fire Protection

Association, 1997., p. 49

- 125] **QC REVIEWED**

SHIPMENT METHODS AND REGULATIONS:

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for

transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance

... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged,

marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized

by ... /the hazard ous materials regulations (49 CFR 171

- 177)./ [49 CFR

171.2; U.S. National Archives and Records Administration's Electronic Codeof Federal Regulations. Available from, as of February 15, 2006:

http://www.gpoaccess.gov/ecfr/ ] **QC REVIEWED**

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods

Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to

IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier

regula tions to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting

hazardous materials. [International Air Transport Association. Dangerous

Goods Regulations. 47th Edition. Montreal, Quebec Canada. 2006., p. 260]

**QC REVIEWED**

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles

for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for

individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice

are included in t he classes dealing with such substances. A general index

of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be

consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used

when shipping any substance or article. [International Maritime

Organization. International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code. London, UK.

2004., p. 45] **QC REVIEWED**

STORAGE CONDITIONS:

/CYLINDERS CONTAINING TETRAFLUOROETHYLENE UNDER HIGH PRESSURE/...SHOULD BE

STORED IN A COOL, WELL

- VENTILATED AREA & PROTECTED AGAINST ACCIDENTAL

IMPACTS. [International Labour Office. Encyclopedia of Occupational Health

and Safety. Volumes I and II. New York: McGraw

- Hill Book Co., 1971., p.

1396] **PEER REVIEWED**

Store in a cool, dry, well

- ventilated location. Separate from oxidizing

materials, air, sulfur trioxide, halogen compounds. Outside or detached

storage is preferred. [Fire Protection Guide to Hazardous Materials. 12

ed. Quincy, MA: National Fire Protection Association, 1997., p. 49

- 125]

**QC REVIEWED**

CLEANUP METHODS:

Eliminate all ignition sources. Stop or control the leak, if this can be

done without undue risk. Use appropriate foam to blanket release &

suppress vapors. Use water spray to cool & disperse vapors &

protect personnel. Approach release from upwind. Absorb in noncombustible

material for proper disposal. [Fire Protection Guide to Hazardous

Materials. 12 ed. Quincy, MA: National Fire Protection Association,

1997., p. 49

- 125] **QC REVIEWED**

OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE STANDARDS:

THRESHOLD LIMIT VALUES:8 hr Time Weighted Average (TWA): 2 ppm [American Conference of

Governmental Industrial Hygienists TLVs and BEIs. Threshold Limit Values

for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents and Biological Exposure

Indices. Cincinnati, OH, 2008, p. 55] **QC REVIEWED**

Excursion Limit Recommendation: Excursions in worker exposure levels may

exceed 3 times the TLV

- TWA for no more than a total of 30 minutes during a

work day, and under no circumstances should they exceed 5 times the

TLV

- TWA, provided that the TLV

- TWA is not exceeded. [American Conference

of Governmental Industrial Hygienists TLVs and BEIs. Threshold Limit

Values for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents and Biological Exposure

Indices. Cincinnati, OH, 2008, p. 5] **QC REVIEWED**

A3; Co nfirmed animal carcinogen with unknown relevance to humans.

[American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists TLVs and BEIs.

Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents and

Biological Exposure Indices. Cincinnati, OH, 2008, p. 55] **QC REVIEWED**

OTHER STANDARDS REGULATIONS AND GUIDELINES:

Emergency Response Planning Guidelines (ERPG): ERPG(1) 200 ppm (no more

than mild, transient effects) for up to 1 hr exposure; ERPG(2) 1000 ppm

(without serious, adverse effects) for up to 1 hr exposure; ERPG(3) 10,000

ppm (not life threatening) up to 1 hr exposure. [American Industrial

Hygiene Association. The AIHA 1999 Emergency Response Planning Guidelines

and Workplace Environmental Exposure Level Guides Handbook. American

Industrial Hygiene Association. Fairfax, VA 1999., p. 27] **QC REVIEWED**

MANUFACTURING/USE INFORMATION:

MAJOR USES:

IN PREPN OF PROPELLANTS FOR FOOD PRODUCT AEROSOLS [Internati onal Labour

Office. Encyclopedia of Occupational Health and Safety. Volumes I and II.

New York: McGraw

- Hill Book Co., 1971., p. 1396] **PEER REVIEWED**

MONOMER FOR POLYTETRAFLUOETHYLENE RESINS; CHEM INT FOR

HEXAFLUOROPROPYLENE; COMONOMER FOR PERFLUOROALKOXY RESINS, FLUORINATED

ETHYLENE

- PROPYLENE RESINS, & ETHYLENE

- TETRAFLUOROETHYLENE RESINS;

TERMONOMER WITH VINYLIDENE FLUORIDE & HEXAFLUOROPROPYLENE **PEER

REVIEWED**

Used as a copolymer w ith hexafluoropropylene to substitute for

polytetrafluoroethylene [Kirk

- Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology.

3rd ed., Volumes 1

- 26. New York, NY: John Wiley and Sons, 1978

- 1984., p.

V11 24] **PEER REVIEWED**

It is used mainly for the production of fluoropolymers. It reacts withperfluoronitrosoalkanes to produce so

- called nitroso rubbers. It is also

used in the production of low molecular mass compounds and intermediates,

for example, for the manufa cture of iodoperfluoroalkanes. [Gerhartz, W.

(exec ed.). Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. 5th ed.Vol A1:

Deerfield Beach, FL: VCH Publishers, 1985 to Present., p. VA11 361] **PEER

REVIEWED**

PRINCIPAL INDUSTRIAL USE OF CF2:CF2 IS FOR PREPARATION OF

POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE (TEFLON (R)) RESINS & COPOLYMERS.

[International Labour Office. Encyclopedia of Occupational Health and

Safety. Volumes I and II. New York: McGraw

- Hill Book Co., 1971., p. 1396]

**PEER REVIEWED**

MANUFACTURERS:

ICI Americas Inc, Hq, Wilmington, DE 19850, (302) 887

- 3000; ICI

Fluoropolymers, Hq, 475 Creamery Way, Exton, PA 19341, (610) 363

- 4500;

Production site: Bayonne, NJ 07002 [SRI. 1997 Directory of Chemical

Producers

- United States of America. Menlo Park, CA: SRI International

1997., p. 945] **PEER REVIEWED**

PCR Inc., Airport Industrial Park, P.O. Box 1466, Gainesville, FL 32602,

(904) 376

- 8246 [SRI. 1997 Directory of Chemical Producers

- United States

of America. Menlo Park, CA: SRI International 1997., p. 945] **PEER

REVIEWED**

METHODS OF MANUFACTURING:

.../IT/ IS PRODUCED BY PYROLYSIS OF CHLORODIFLUOROMETHANE (CHCLF2) OR OF

TRIFLUOROMETHANE (CHF3). [International Labour Office. Encyclopedia of

Occupational Health and Safety. Volumes I and II. New York: McGraw

- Hill

Book Co., 1971., p. 1396] **PEER REVIEWED**

...ANY SOURCE OF FLUORINE WILL COMBINE WITH CARBON @ TEMP GREATER THAN

1500 DEG C TO FORM DIFLUOROCARBENE RADICALS (

- CF2

- ) WHICH COMBINE UNDER

APPROPRIATE CONDITIONS TO GIVE A LARGE YIELD OF CF2:CF2. [International

Labour Office. Encyclopedia of Occupational Health and Safety. Volumes I

and II. New York: McGraw

- Hill Book Co., 1971., p. 1396] **PEER REVIEWED**

BY PASSING CHLORODIFLUOROMETHANE THROUGH A HOT TUBE. [Lewis, R.J., Sr

(Ed.). Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary. 12th ed. New York, NY: Van

Nostrand Rheinhold Co., 1993, p. 1130] **PEER REVIEWED**

Tetrafluoroethylene is manufactured in a four step process involving the

independent production of hydrogen fluoride and chloroform. These products

are subsequently reacted in the presence of antimony trifluoride to form

chlorodifluoromethane. Finally, chlorodifluoromethane is pyrolysed at

590

- 900 deg C to produce a yield of 95% tetrafluoroethylene [Kirk

- Othmer

Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. 3rd ed. , Volumes 1

- 26. New York, NY:

John Wiley and Sons, 1978

- 1984., p. V11 2] **PEER REVIEWED**GENERAL MANUFACTURING INFORMATION:

CAN POLYMERIZE IN ABSENCE OF INHIBITOR, ESPECIALLY WHEN HEATED OR IN

PRESENCE OF OXYGEN. /INHIBITED/ [U.S. Coast Guard, Department of

Transportation. CHRIS

- Hazardous Chemical Data. Manual Two. Washington,

DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, Oct., 1978.] **PEER REVIEWED**

IT CAN...BE DIMERIZED UNDER APPROPRIATE CONDITIONS OF TEMP &am p; PRESSURE

TO OCTAFLUOROCYCLOBUTANE...WHICH IS A STABLE & PRACTICALLY NON

- TOXIC

PROPELLANT FOR FOOD PRODUCT AEROSOLS. [International Labour Office.

Encyclopedia of Occupational Health and Safety. Volumes I and II. New

York: McGraw

- Hill Book Co., 1971., p. 1396] **PEER REVIEWED**

FORMULATIONS/PREPARATIONS:

Terpene B and d

- limonene are added to tetrafluoroethylene to inhibit

polymerization [Kirk

- Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. 3rd ed.,

Volu mes 1

- 26. New York, NY: John Wiley and Sons, 1978

- 1984., p. V11 93]

**PEER REVIEWED**

CONSUMPTION PATTERNS:

AT LEAST TWO

- THIRDS USED AS A MONOMER FOR POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE RESINS

(1974) **PEER REVIEWED**

REFRIGERANTS, 39%; FOAM BLOWING AGENTS, 17%; SOLVENTS, 14%;

FLUOROPOLYMERS, 14%; STERILANT GAS, 2%; AEROSOL PROPELLANTS, 2%; FOOD

FREEZANT, 1%; OTHER, 8%; EXPORTS, 3% (1985) /FLUOROCARBONS/ [CHEMICAL

PROFILE: FLUOROCARBONS (1986)] **PEER REVIEWED**

U. S. PRODUCTION:

(1972) GREATER THAN 6X10+9 GRAMS **PEER REVIEWED**

(1975) GREATER THAN 5.90X10+9 GRAMS **PEER REVIEWED**

LABORATORY METHODS:

ANALYTIC LABORATORY METHODS:

GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY HAS BEEN USED TO SEPARATE & DETECT

TETRAFLUOROETHYLENE IN AIR, WITH LIMIT OF DETECTION OF 7 MG/CU M (2 PPM),

& TO DETECT TETRAFLUOROETHYLENE IN PYROLYSIS PRODUCTS OF PTFE. [IARC.

Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Ma n.

Geneva: World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on

Cancer, 1972

- PRESENT. (Multivolume work)., p. V19 288] **PEER REVIEWED**

SPECIAL REFERENCES:SPECIAL REPORTS:

National Toxicology Program. Eleventh Report on Carcinogens (2005). The

Report on Carcinogens is an informational scientific and public health

document that identifies and discusses substances (including agents,

mixtures, or exposure circumstances) that may pose a carcinoge nic hazard

to human health. Tetrafluoroethylene (116

- 14

- 3) is as reasonably

anticipated to be a human carcinogen. [Available from, as of July 31,

2009: http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/ntp/roc/eleventh/profiles/s170tfe.pdf ]

SYNONYMS AND IDENTIFIERS:

SYNONYMS:

ETHENE, TETRAFLUORO

- **PEER REVIEWED**

ETHYLENE, TETRAFLUORO

- [U.S. Department of Health and Human Services,

Public Health Service, Center for Disease Control, National Institute for

Occupational Safety Health. Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical

Substances (RTECS). National Library of Medicine's current MEDLARS file.,

p. 82/8106] **PEER REVIEWED**

FLUOROPLAST 4 [U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health

Service, Center for Disease Control, National Institute for Occupational

Safety Health. Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS).

National Library of Medicine's current MEDLARS file., p. 82/8106] **PEER

REVIEWED **

PERFLUOROETHENE **PEER REVIEWED**

PERFLUOROETHYLENE [Weast, R.C. (ed.). Handbook of Chemistry and Physics.

60th ed. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press Inc., 1979., p. C

- 298] **PEER

REVIEWED**

TETRAFLUORETHYLENE [U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public

Health Service, Center for Disease Control, National Institute for

Occupational Safety Health. Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical

Substances (RTECS). National Library of Medicine' s current MEDLARS file.,

p. 82/8106] **PEER REVIEWED**

TETRAFLUOROETHENE **PEER REVIEWED**

1,1,2,2

- TETRAFLUOROETHYLENE **PEER REVIEWED**

TFE **PEER REVIEWED**

FORMULATIONS/PREPARATIONS:Terpene B and d

- limonene are added to tetrafluoroethylene to inhibit

polymerization [Kirk

- Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. 3rd ed.,

Volumes 1

- 26. New York, NY: John Wiley and Sons, 1978

- 1984., p. V11 93]

**PEER REVIEWED**

SHIPPING NAME/ NU MBER DOT/UN/NA/IMO:

UN 1081; Tetrafluoroethylene, stabilized

IMO 2.1; Tetrafluoroethylene, stabilized

ADMINISTRATIVE INFORMATION:

HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES DATABANK NUMBER: 844

LAST REVISION DATE: 20050624

LAST REVIEW DATE: Reviewed by SRP on 1/31/1998

UPDATE HISTORY:

Field Update on 2009

- 08

- 12, 2 fields added/edited/deleted

Field Update on 2009

- 04

- 16, 2 fields added/edited/deleted

Field Update on 2008

- 08

- 23, 1 fields added/edited/deleted

Fi eld Update on 2008

- 08

- 21, 1 fields added/edited/deleted

Field Update on 2007

- 06

- 07, 1 fields added/edited/deleted

Field Update on 2006

- 04

- 18, 2 fields added/edited/deleted

Field Update on 2006

- 04

- 17, 2 fields added/edited/deleted

Complete Update on 2005

- 06

- 24, 2 fields added/edited/deleted

Complete Update on 2003

- 08

- 29, 1 fields added/edited/deleted

Complete Update on 02/14/2003, 1 field added/edited/deleted.

Complete Update on 11/08/2002, 1 fie ld added/edited/deleted.

Complete Update on 10/16/2002, 1 field added/edited/deleted.

Complete Update on 01/18/2002, 9 fields added/edited/deleted.

Complete Update on 08/09/2001, 1 field added/edited/deleted.Complete Update on 05/16/2001, 1 field added/edited/deleted.

Complete Update on 02/09/2001, 2 fields added/edited/deleted.

Complete Update on 06/12/2000, 1 field added/edited/deleted.

Complete Update on 03/28/2000, 1 field added/edited/dele ted.

Complete Update on 02/02/2000, 1 field added/edited/deleted.

Complete Update on 09/21/1999, 1 field added/edited/deleted.

Complete Update on 08/26/1999, 1 field added/edited/deleted.

Complete Update on 05/04/1999, 1 field added/edited/deleted.

Complete Update on 09/11/1998, 1 field added/edited/deleted.

Complete Update on 09/02/1998, 1 field added/edited/deleted.

Complete Update on 06/18/1998, 54 fields added/edited/deleted.

Field Update on 06/02/1998, 1 field added/edited/deleted.

Field Update on 02/27/1998, 1 field added/edited/deleted.

Field Update on 10/17/1997, 1 field added/edited/deleted.

Complete Update on 04/01/1997, 2 fields added/edited/deleted.

Complete Update on 02/25/1997, 1 field added/edited/deleted.

Complete Update on 02/21/1997, 2 fields added/edited/deleted.

Complete Update on 07/11/1996, 1 field added/edited/deleted.

Complete Update on 01/19/1996, 1 fi eld added/edited/deleted.

Complete Update on 10/19/1995, 1 field added/edited/deleted.

Complete Update on 05/26/1995, 1 field added/edited/deleted.

Complete Update on 05/04/1995, 1 field added/edited/deleted.

Complete Update on 12/22/1994, 1 field added/edited/deleted.

Complete Update on 08/23/1994, 1 field added/edited/deleted.Complete Update on 03/25/1994, 1 field added/edited/deleted.

Complete Update on 08/20/1993, 1 field added/edited/delet ed.

Field update on 12/16/1992, 1 field added/edited/deleted.

Complete Update on 09/03/1992, 1 field added/edited/deleted.

Complete Update on 09/26/1991, 1 field added/edited/deleted.

Complete Update on 10/04/1990, 6 fields added/edited/deleted.

Field Update on 05/05/1989, 1 field added/edited/deleted.

Field Update on 03/01/1989, 1 field added/edited/deleted.

Field Update on 10/31/1988, 1 field added/edited/deleted.

Complete Update on 0 4/22/1988, 1 fields added/edited/deleted.

Complete Update on 04/24/1987

Created 19830315 by D S