SRI LANKA

BRIEFS

ASIAN TELECOMMUNICATION NEIWORK--Sri Lanka will be fully linked with West
Asia and other Asian countries through the Asian Telecommunication Network
by 1979. Once this linkup is complete, Telex, telegrams, overseas tele-
phones as well as other modes of communications will not only be faster,
but cheaper among the countries involved in the project. With the linkup,
messages will go directly from the source to the receiving end instead of
passing through (?various) communication channels most of which are con-
trolled by more developed countries. This network will also lessen
transmission time by sbout 1 hour. [Text] [Colombo International Service
in English 1045 GMT 12 Jul 77 BK]

CSO: 5500

13



ANGOLA

CULTURE COUNCIL TO CONTROL ALL PRIVATE RADIO STATIONS
Havana International Service in Spanish 0000 GMT 26 Jun 77 PA

[Text] The National Joint Commissariat of the Popular Armed Forces for the
Liberation of Angola [FAPLA] today urged the people to struggle in order to
achieve national unity and exhorted them not to allow into their midst again
those elements which sought to divide them.

A document issued in Luanda, signed by Commander [Dino Matros), refers to the
various ethnic groups which make up the country's population and points to the
need to gather all these forces because history shows that in order to free
oneself from oppression and to fight the enemy, it is necessary to achieve
national unity.

The FAPLA National Joint Commissariat reiterates the officers' and rank—and-
file's trust in the political line followed by the Popular Movement for the
Liberation of Angola and Acknowledges President Agostinho Neto as the sole
leader.

Meanwhile, the "Popular Liberation Movement's First Congress" popular brigades,
made up of some 50,000 male and female urban workers, have been created in
Angola in support of the current national coffee harvest campaign. Coffee

is one of the most important products of that independent African state.

It has also been announced that the Angolan National Culture Council will gain
control of all the private radio stations that still exist in that African

country. The announcement was made in Luanda by Antonio Jacinto, secretary.
of the National Culture Council.

cso: 5500

3h



INTER-ARAB AFFAIRS

BRIEFS

MESSAGE ON MENA-SUNA LINK--Prime Minister Mamduh Salim has received a cable from

Sudanese Vice President and Prime Minister ar-Rashid at-tahir on the occasion of
signing the cooperation agreement between MENA and SUNA and on the opening of
the direct transmission telecommunications station for the two agencies between
Khartoum and Cairo. [Text] [Cairo Voice of the Arabs in Arabic 0015 GMT 18
Jul 77 LD)

GULF NEWS AGENCY TESTS--?begin test transmissions this Saturday. The tests,
which will last 2 weeks, will be transmitted from the agency's permanent
headquarters in Bahrain. The agency will cover news of Bahrain, Saudi
Arabia, Iraq, Qatar, Kuwait, Oman and the UAE. It has been agreed that the
national news agencies in some of these states will operate as tributaries
to the Gulf News Agency. It is known that the decision to establish the
Gulf News Agency was adopted at the First Conference of the Gulf States
Information Ministers, which was held in Abu Dhabi in January 1976. The
Second Conference of the Information Ministers, which was held in Riyadh
around the beginning of this year, elected Bahraini Information Minister
Tariq al-Mu'ayyad as controller general of the agency and appointed

Nabil al-Hummar of Bahrain as deputy director. The Bahraini Information
Minister announced in the middle of last month that the Gulf News Agency
had established relations with some international news agencies. ‘The

Gulf News Agency will be the fourth agency in the Gulf area. ‘The others
are the Saudi News Agency, the Qatar News Agency and the UAE News Agency.
The Kuwait News Agency is expected to become operational before the end

of the year. [Cairo MENA in Arabic 1658 GME 8 Jul 77 NC]

CSO: 5500

30



FRANCE

| ; BRIEFS

4 PRIVATE RADIO JAMMED--The private Montpellier radio station [?file bleue]
tried to broadcast at 0700 [0500 GMT] this morning from the 12th floor of
the [?Polygone] commercial tower, on whose roof an antenna had been set up.

There was 1 minute of broadcast from 0716-0717 [0516-0517 GMT] on a wave-

, band belonging to the armed forces, which was jammed by an uninterrupted
whistling. The organizers of the station intend to lodge a complaint
before the courts, but in fact only Parliament can decide to end the
broadcasting monopoly. [Paris Domestic Service in French 1100 GMT
12 Jul 77 LD)

cso: 5500



INTER-ASIAN AFFAIRS

THAILAND TO PAY FOR PART OF SINGAPORE-PHILIPPINES CABLE
Bangkok Domestic Service in Thai 1300 GMT 13 Jul 77 BK

[Excerpt[ The cabinet meeting was held as usual today at Government House,
according to Minister Attached to Prime Minister's Office Dusit Siriwan. Prime
Minister Thanin Kraiwichian chaired this meeting.

The permanent ASEAN Committee for Land Transportation and Communications held
its fifth meeting in Manila between 11 and 13 March and decided to form a work-
ing committee on underwater cable to study the construction of an underwater
cable linking the ASEAN countries. This working committee held its first mee-
ting in Kuala Lumpur and its second one in Bangkok. In these meetings, decisions
were made on the route and capacity of the cable and the time and funds involved
in the construction. It also made a decision on the participation of ASEAN
countries in this cable project--all ASEAN countries must share in the con-
struction cost of every portion of the cable in direct proportion to their use
of the circuit in each portion.

It was decided that Singapore will pay for 35 percent, the Philippines 13 per-
cent, Indonesia 27 percent, Malaysia 23 percent and Thailand 2 percent of the
construction costs of the cable linking Singapore and the Philippines. The Post
and Telegraph Department feels that Thailand should share in this construction
cost. Thailand's share in the construction of the Singapore-Phillipine cable
will be 2 percent or about 21 million baht.

This project will also testify to the cooperation among the ASEAN countries,
particularly to cooperation in providing telecommunication service to the
peoples of this region. This underwater cable project can be regarded as an
example of complete success in cooperation among the ASEAN countries.

Moreover, this 2 percent share represents the lowest single contribution con-
sidering the fact that all ASEAN countries will be joint owners of all portions
of ASEAN underwater cable.

The communications Ministry has studied the matter and supports the proposal
of the Post and Telegraph Department. It thus proposed that the Post and
Telegraph Department be authorized to commit Thailand to share in the con-



great problem, among other things because language difficulties will not
make it a usual thing for Norwegian viewers to watch Finnish television.
"Tt would be a different matter if Swedish television were to begin with
advertisements. This could lead to Norwegian firms beginning to advertise
on Swedish television in a big way. But the problem is hypothetical: Not
long ago the Swedes refused advertising on television. I also think it is
an advantage to keep it out."

The NRK's expenses in the introduction of Scandinavian satellite television
will at first be concerned with renting a satellite. Langslet says that
NRK's expansion programs that have priority must continue so that they can
be completed according to plan. They consist of an expansion of listening
and viewing possibilities in our own country, district broadcasts, program
II in the radio, new short-wave and long-wave transmitters, etc. Moreover,
Langslet thinks that it would be meaningless at the present time to attempt
calculations for viewers' costs for additional equipment for receivers.
Technology develops so rapidly that such equipment can sink very quickly
in price before the time comes to purchase it, he emphasizes.

The Christian People's Party has expressed some concern about the possi-
bility of Norwegian satellite television--along with Dagbladet. However,
Langslet points to Lars Korvald's position statement that the party has not
taken a definite stand on the matter. He does not believe that the ques-
tion will create any difficulties for a possible non-socialist government.

Will satellite television signify a threat against Norwegian cultural life,
as has been claimed? "We are faced with a general pressure from outside,"
says Langslet, who does not believe that the present proposal for Scandi-
navian satellite television will have any effect one way or another. "It
is for me an absurd thought that it, for example, would threaten our lan-
guage if a few more Norwegians got to see Swedish and Danish TV now and
then," he says.

"As a point of departure, I support the liberal line that Prime Minister
Nordli proclaimed in his recent speech, even if much more can be said on
the question that he did with his few sentences," says the Chairman of the
Committee for Church and Education in the legislature, Lars Roar Langslet.

"Position on Scandinavian Satellite TV Ready in June"

A Scandinavian Committee of Foreign Secretaries which has debated the ques~
tion of satellite television will state its position in early June, says
Department Head Johs. Aanderaa, of the Department of Church and Education,
to Aftenposten. The position will be debated by a Scandinavian Cultural
Ministry in a meeting in Reykjavik at the end of the same month. As is
known, the question is whether the five countries will cooperate on a
satellite which makes it possible for the citizens of the individual Scan-
dinavian countries to receive TV programs from the other countries in Scan-
dinavia. According to the present plans, programs from other European
countries will be screened for Norwegian viewers, says Aarderaa.

45



YUGOSLAVIA

'TANJUG' MEDIUM-TERM DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM APPROVED
Belgrade TANJUG Domestic Service in Serbo-Croatian 1625. GMT 24 Jun 77 LD

[Text] Belgrade--The program for the medium-term development of TANJUG from
1978 to 1982 was the subject of discussion today at the session of the Federal
Committee for Information, chaired by Muhamed Berberovic. In a broad and de-
tailed discussion the members of the committee approved the basic program and
political orientation of TANJUG for the coming period.

The session is reported to have emphasized that the development of TANJUG
should be viewed within the framework of the integral Yugoslav system of
information circulation as a whole and the system of information circulation

in each republic and province. The organization and cadre and technical
strengthening of the agency, and in particular of the provincial and republican
editorial boards, is a matter of interest to all those involved in the work
and development of TANJUG.

The program for the agency's development envisages modernization, computeri-
zation and the provision of work conditions which will enable the fast and
continuous flow of information to all TANJUG press agencies at home and abroad.

It was also stressed that through this program, and in particular through the
raising of TANJUG'S technical base to a higher level, a faster, more all-round
and better quality inflow of information from abroad and distribution of infor-
mation from within the country will be made possible. The fact was stressed
that an important affirmation of TANJUG's work in this respect has already
been achieved, especially within the framework of the non-alined countries'

press agencies pool.

cso: 5500

17


USSR

BRIEFS

SATELLITE TRANSMISSION OF COLUMNS--Moscow, 8 Jul, Ceteka--Soviet Comminica-
tions launched transmissions of newspaper columns by means of the satellite
based "Orbita" System from Moscow to Khabarovsk, Far East, a distance of
6,000 kilometres. : This link provides for exact and quick transmission and
eliminates.corrections which were necessary during the conventional ground
transmission of newspaper pages every 200-300 kilometres. The transmission
is permanently monitored in the control centre in Moscow. [Text] [Prague
CTIK in English 1505 GM? 8 Jul 77 LD]

CSO: 5500



CONTENTS (Continued)
SRI LANKA

Briefs
Asian Telecommunication Network

THATLAND
Briefs

Radio Weather Service
Satellite Communications System

EASTERN EUROPE

HUNGARY

Equipment of Intersputnyik Station Being Installed
(NEPSZABADSAG, 8 Jul 77) ..cccccccccceccucceccevceeces

YUGOSLAVIA

Preparation for Radio, Television Conference
(TANJUG, 12 JUL 77) cecccecccccccccnccsecccececceesccs

"TANJUG' Medium-Term Development Program Approved
(TANJUG Domestic Service, 24 Jun 77) ccssseceeeceuvece

Briefs
Radio, TV Assembly Session
Delegation to India
Delegation to Venezuela

LATIN AMERICA

BRAZIL

Telecommunications Activities Reported
(0 GLOBO, 16, 20 May 77) ...

New Policy for Telecommunications Sector Advocated
Technology Exchange With Italy To Be Discussed

CUBA
Microwave Relay Network To Improve TV Reception
(Ramon Brizuela; JUVENTUD REBELDE, 16 May 77) s.e..eeee

-b-

13

4
4

oD)

16

17

18
18
18

19

ah


Voltage And Frequency

We all know that electrical current has two major determining elements:
voltage and frequency.

We sometimes hear it said that the voltage is 110 and frequency is 60
cycles a second, But what has this got to do with videotape?

Frequency is one of the aforementioned elements of electrical current
used to run videotape machines, If the frequency of 60 cycles/second
varies more than 0.3 cycles, then the machine is incapable of operating
properly, the electrical and mechanical system is thrown out of whack,
and the videotape transmission is defective.

Moreover, if frequency is not stable when the tape is recorded, it will
also look bad when broadcast,

The most serious problems occur during peak electricity use hours,
since the plant generators are unable to maintain a stable frequency.

Another problem that TV viewers notice on videotapes are the alternating
(black and white) horizontal bars that move vertically across the TV
screen.

This occurs in other countries as well as in Cuba. It becomes more
visible as the incoming signal grows weaker and as the deviation increases
from the 60 cycle current.

So if it's a problem of frequency, why do some videotapes look good and
others look bad?

This is because of the varieties of videotape machines, The problem
programs are the ones which are filmed and recorded overseas using mobile
units, which contain equipment that is more manageable and less costly.

The two other types of machines that the Cuban Radio and Television
Institute has do not suffer from frequency variation problems and,
because of their great size, cannot be transported on mobile units.

The soap opera "El Alma Encantada" is an example of the videotape
broadcasts using this equipment, and everyone is familiar with the high
quality of the picture.

These two types of equipment are more reliable and offer better technical
quality because of their advances, but at the same time they cost more
on the market,

Videotape technology, a recent innovation in modern life, is progressing
every day, and therefore current problems will be overcome in the future.

8743 28
C80: 3010



THAILAND

BRIEFS

RADIO WEATHER SERVICE--The Meteorological Department of the Communications
Ministry plans to set up within 6 months an AM and FM radio station to
broadcast weather reports and warnings for fishermen as well as ocean
liners, ministry sources reported. The radio system will be changed from
high frequencies to satellite communications for radio teletype circuits
on a point-to-point basis between Bangkok and Hong Kong and Bangkok and
Tokyo, the sources said. They said automatic telephones will be installed
at the weather forecast division to give the public and governmental units
information about daily weather conditions. [Excerpt] [Bangkok MORNING
EXPRESS in English 29 Jun 77 p 2 BK]

SATELLITE COMMUNICATION SYSTEM--The minister attached to the prime minister's
office, Dusit Siriwan, at 1400 yesterday presided over the 6th meeting of the
Board of the Mass Communications Authority of Thailand at Government House.
The meeting considered the implementation of satellite system for Thailand's
mass communications and was informed that its subcommittee appointed by the
board chairman on 23 June had held five rounds of discussions on this project
from 27 June to 6 July. The subcomittee believes that this satellite system
project can be applied in the television and radio broadcasting throughout the
country within 20 months. The meeting approved the subcommittee's proposal to
use this mass communications system and has entrusted the Mass Communications
Authority of Thailand, as well as the Post and Telegraph Department and the
Public Relations Department, to implement the project. The meeting continued
to consider topics pertaining to mass communications until 1730 hours. [Text]
[Bangkok Domestic Service in Thai 0000 GMT 8 Jul 77 BK]

cso: 5500

14



Much Change

In addition to the Siemens suggestion on how the government could pro-
ceed, there are proposals from Ericsson do Brasil, perhaps one of the
companies that will be most affected by reductions in investments
because it began its expansion plan at the beginning of the decade of
the seventies with completion forecast for 1982, when it will have an
installed capacity of more than a million telephone lines. With the
world oil crisis, difficulties in importing in 1975 and 1976, it decided
to reduce its plans, and today its installed industrial capacity is
570,000 lines per year. Telebras has not yet released its contracting
plans for this year or the forecast of orders to be made, and the plans
of all the companies involved can only be made after the government makes
a determination. :

At any rate, Ericcson believes that the funds retained by the National
Telecommunications Fund should be released to the National Development
Fund, thus allowing the integral application of the Telecommunications
Fund to the telecommunications sector itself. The government should also
invest in the sector to free telecommunications from the high financial
costs of loans for the sector so that the value of orders can be used in
effective investments. The government reduced investments in tele-
communications but does not participate directly in these investments and
it established the following appropriations.

In investments:
1976--15.84 billion cruzeiros
1977--20.6 billion cruzeiros.
Capital outlays
1976--3 33 billion cruzeiros
1977--5.24 million cruzeiros

The 30-percent increase in investments is nominal and for that reason
there was a real decline due to inflation. "For the rest,'' declared

the Ericsson Company, "perhaps the time has come for the government to
study the number of manufacturers located in the country.'!

Painting a picture of the sector, Siemense''like other companies of the
sector, shows concern because in addition to the general. volume of orders
having been reduced on the initiative of the Ministry of Communications
and Telebras from 700,000 terminals per year, as was foreseen by the II
National Development Plan, to 500,000 terminals per year, the new cuts
imposed on the sector by the government appear to lead to a situation

20


YUGOSLAVIA

PREPARATION FOR RADIO, TELEVISION CONFERENCE
Belgrade TANJUG in English 1807 GMP 12 Jul 77 LD
["Pool" item]

[Text] Belgrade, 12 Jul, TANJUG--The Yugoslav Federal Committee of Infor-
mation had a meeting today to discuss the platform of Yugoslav Radio and
Television for the forthcoming Conference of Radio Broadcasting Organiza-
tions of the Nonalined Countries, to be held in Sarajevo from 27 to 30 October.

The members of the committee said that this first meeting of the Nonalined
Countries Radio Broadcasting Organizations will be very important to the
further strengthening and deepening of cooperation among the nonalined
countries in the sphere of news reporting, particularly in radio and tele-
vision. This position has been explained by the inexhaustible technical
and technological possibilities offered by these two media, and by fast
and effective spread of news about the overall development of the nonalined
countries, their better becoming familiar and rapprochement.

At the meeting, it was pointed out that the conference in Sarajevo is expected
to establish the paths and trace ways and manners of concrete cooperation
among the nonalined countries' radio and television organizations.

The members of the committee emphasized that the elimination of the dif-
ferences in the development of the radio and broadcasting infrastructure
by equitable cooperation and solidarity among all the nonalined countries,
is one of the cornerstones of future fruitful and comprehensive cooperation
in this sphere. At the same time, the forthcoming meeting will be a step
further in the development of equitable relations in the world's news re-
porting system. In this respect, the nonalined countries will continue
striving for the strengthening and deepening of cooperation on the bilateral
Plane, and seek solutions for the questions of mutual interest to all of
them. Above all, taking as a starting point the national interest of every
member, as well as the questions important to cooperation in a broader,
international sphere.

CSO: 5500

16



CUBA

BRIEFS

TELEVISION TRANSMITTERS--A Communications Ministry team of technicians and
workers has installed in the city of Las Tunas two television transmitters
with a power of 5 kilowatts with which the deficiencies in the receipt of sig-
nals from the provinces of Camaguey and Holguin, respectively, will be elimin-
ated. A national microwave network also was installed in Las Tunas which will
improve the quality of black-and-white and color television signals. [Text]
[Havana Domestic Service in Spanish 0930 GMT 15 Jul 77 FL]

cso: 5500

29



BRIEFS

INTERNATIONAL TELEX SERVICES--Direct automatic international Telex service is
expected to come into operation in the country this year. Sophisticated
equipment has been installed in Bombay for this purpose at’ an estimated cost of
rupees 40 million. The equipment, which has a capacity of 450 Telex trunk
lines, is now undergoing tests. Similar equipment will also be set up in New
Delhi. This has been stated in the Annual Report of the Ministry of Communi-
cations for 1976-77. The government is considering the setting up of a sub-
marine cable between Madras and Penang. It will provide a link with several
South Asian countries and access to the American and Australian continents via
undersea cables in the Pacific Ocean. [Text] -[Delhi Domestic Service in
English 0830 GMT 17 Jul 77 BK]

cso: 5500

Lt



INTERNATIONAL

FRG TV OFFICIAL DISCUSSES NEWS SHARING IN THAILAND
Bangkok Domestic Service in Thai 1300 GMT 12 Jul 77 BK

[Text] At 1530 on 12 July Horst Bode, news director of FRG National Television
and also coordinator for exchanging of news with Arab countries, called on
Public Relations Department Director General Kamchat Kpphanit. They discussed
the exchange of television news. The director of the public relations school,
Frathan Rangsimaphon, and Radio Thailand Deputy Director for Foreign News Somchit
Sitthichai also participated in the discussions.

The FRG National Television News Director explained that five East European
countries began exchanging television news in 1960. The Arab and West European
countries have subsequently participated in this exchange. He said that East
Asian countries are now very interested in this exchange program. They will be
the fourth group, if they should decide to join. He said that African and Latin
American countries are also contemplating joining this program.

If all six groups join the program, the television relay network would cover
virtually the whole globe. This shows that television has become very important
and has expanded very quickly.

Television officials in Europe are trying to persuade television officials in
other areas of the owrld to join this program because the transmission of news
via satellite is already underway through a European center-~Rome--in two
directions--over the Atlantic Ocean to the Arab countries and over the Indian
Ocean to Middle East countries. The expenses in transmitting the signal have
already been paid, and it is believed that this service should benefit
countries which can receive such a signal. Such countries will be able to
receive world news transmitted by European countries without having to pay
additional expenses. The only expense to the countries receiving the signal
will merely be service costs to be paid to local satellite communication organ-
izations, which will be about $600 for the first 10 minutes. However, if
countries in the same region join in the program, the expense each country
has to bear will be even less.



BARACOA STATION RECEIVES TELEREBELDE TV
Havana GRANMA in Spanish 6 Jun 77 v 1

[text J Baracoa (AIN)—A new station that will receive color and

black and white TV programs broadcast by Tele-Rebeldc has begun operating
in this municipality thanks to the efforts of workers in the Ministry of
Comminications,

The facility is located on a mountainous mass known as "Los Guineos"
sone 16 kilometers from this city, on a 754 foot high tower.

The equi»ment for national television's Channel 6 is scheduled to enter
service in the next few days. It will improve the recevtion of the
channel's transmissions in this area after the required instruments are
installed in the Cueva Arriba Station.

26



He explained that the plans of Auso include a production three times
greater than present production, but existing infrastructure allows
assurance that "when the situation becomes normal, installed capacity
will be adequate for needs."

He declared that 1,800 microwave channels will be delivered (ordered

by Brazilian Telecommunications Company) by the end of 1978, and that
the construction of 960 similar channels will be initiated to be con-
cluded in 1979. He also said that his company has already placed a rural
radiotelephone system in operation in Brazil.

8908
cso: 3001



CONTENTS (Continued) Page
FRANCE

Briefs
Private Radio Jammed 39

NORWAY

Nordic TV Satellite Question Discussed
(AFTENPOSTEN, 28 May 77) .......-0-- ‘Veeeeeees



CONTENTS (Continued)

Baracoa Station Receives Telerebelde TV
(GRANMA, 6 Jun 77) ...

Videotape Recording, Transmission Problems Aired
(Ricardo Tabares; JUVENTUD REBELDE, 11 May 71) eens

Briefs
Tele vision Transmitters

NEAR EAST AND NORTH AFRICA
INTER-ARAB AFFAIRS
Briefs

Message on MENA-SUNA Link
Gulf News Agency Tests

EGYPT
Prime Minister Inaugurates Telephone, Railroad Projects
(Cairo Domestic Service, 25 Jun 77) cececcceececveee
LEBANON
Briefs
Underwater Communications Cable Damaged
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
ANGOLA
Culture Council To Control All Private Radio Stations
(Havana International Service, 26 Jun 77) «.ccseeees
USSR
USSR
Briefs

Satellite Transmission of Columns
WESTERN EUROPE
INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

French Telephone Sales to Finland Noted
(Helene Pichenot; L'USINE NOUVELLE, 16 Jun 77) ......

-e-

Page
26
27,

29

30
30

31

33

3h

35

36



PHILIPPINES

BRIEFS

WORLDWIDE NEWS SERVICE--Manila, 11 Jul (AFP)--The Philippines may launch
this year a worldwide news service to be called International News Exchange
(INEX), which will serve Third World countries, a veteran Manila news
columnist has revealed. Commentator Teodoro Valencia of the newspaper
PHILIPPINES DAILY EXPRESS, who has a reputation for closeness to President
Ferdinand Marcos, said the objective of INEX would be to correct the
"imbalance" and "misinformation" in the reporting by Western news agencies
about developing countries. Mr Valencia made the disclosure when he spoke
before delegates to the current meeting here of the Confederation of ASEAN
(Association of Southeast Asian Nations) Journalists. The meeting is
attended by newsmen from Malaysia, Indonesia, Singapore, Thailand and the
Philippines. Proposed to be capitalized at 30 million pesos (U.S.$4 million)
INEX will be financed by private entities in the Philippines and in countries
willing to participate in the project, Mr Valencia said. Although the
staffers may be Filipinos mostly at the start, the idea is to have corres-
pondents from other developing countries also working for INEX. [Text]

[Hong Kong AFP in English 0400 GMP 11 Jul 77 OW]

CSO: 5500

le



with the preparations for the meeting of representatives of journalist organi-
zations of non-aligned countries, was also assessed as positive. This meeting
was held by mid-May this year in Baghdad.

The shared belief was expressed in the talk that cooperation in information
among the non-aligned is developing well and that a number of concrete actions
underway will contribute still more to the promotion of this cooperation with
the aim of establishing relations of greater equality in the world information
structure.

cso: 5500

2



YUGOSLAVIA

BRIEFS

RADIO, TV ASSEMBLY SESSION--Ljubljana --The Assembly of Yugoslav Radio and
Television held a session in Ljubljana today with Mirko Popovic in the chair,
at which it adopted its work program up to the end of this year. Particular
stress is laid in the program on the need to speed up the constitutional trans-
formation of Yugoslav radio and television and bring it into line with the
intentions of the law on associated labor. A platform was also submitted for
the Conference of the Radio and Television Organizations of the Nonalined
countries, which will be held in Sarajevo from 27 to 30 October. The assembly
also analyzed the results of the preparatory meetings in Belgrade and Amman
and recommended that all Yugoslav radio and television centers should involve
themselves fully in the preparations for the conference. [Text] [Belgrade
TANJUG Domestic Service in Serbo-Croatian 2103 GMT 14 Jul 77 LD]

DELEGATION TO INDIA--A delegation of Yugoslav radio and television has had
talks in New Delhi on cooperation in the field of radio and television as
part of the preparations for the forthcoming meetings of radio and television
representatives of nonalined countries to be held shortly in Jordan and
Yugoslavia "with the aim of expanding the exchange of information in the news
agencies pool to these media." [Belgrade BORBA in Serbo-Croatian 16 Jun 77

p 4 AU]

DELEGATION TO VENEZUELA-~A delegation of the Yugoslav radio and television
headed by Franko Vinter, director of Zagreb radio and television, has arrived
on a visit to Venezuela as part of the preparations for the conference of
representatives of radio and television stations of non-alined countries to be
held in Sarajevo in October. [Belgrade BORBA in Serbo-Croatian 22 Jun 77

p 4 AU]

cso: 5500

16



JPRS 69513
28 July 1977

TRANSLATIONS ON TELECOMMUNICATIONS POLICY,
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
No. 8

DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A
Approved for Public Release
Distribution Unlimited

U. §. JOINT PUBLICATIONS RESEARCH SERVICE

Reproduced From
Best Available Copy


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-ydtzed eyj ul ‘weeq ueTAeUTpuedg e fq peteAcd aq 03 SveIe SeJeDTPUT SUTT PTTOS ay} ‘mesq ueTZemI0N
aya fq pezeaod eare 043 ST esdTTTe peop eyL ‘eIFTTEIeS UeTAeUTPUEDS BY} Jo seZeTeACD Jo veIe sy]

ee



INTERNATIONAL

BRIEFS

UGANDA, TASS AGREEMENT--The acting minister of information and broadcasting,
Mr Abdul Nasser, has signed an agreement on behalf of Uganda Government
with the TASS News Agency of the Soviet Union at the ministry's headquarters
in Nakasero. The Soviet Union Ambassador, Mr Musiyko, signed on behalf of
his government. Mr Abdul Nasser explained that the signing of the agreement
was delayed forsome time as a result of the government's formalities. The
acting minister revealed that similar agreements have been signed between
Uganda and Reuter of Britain and [words indistinct] AFP. Mr Abdul Nasser
said that with the signing of the agreements Uganda has now got three
agencies, reflecting (?the interests) of both Western and Eastern hemi-
spheres. The acting minister further revealed that in the very near future
{words indistinct] similar agreements will be signed with Afro-Arab news
ied [Text] [Kampala Domestic Service in Fnglish 1400 GMT 13 Jul 77
LD/EA]

NONALINED BROADCASTING COOPERATION--Amman, 9 Jul, TASS--The preparatory
committee of broadcasting station directors of nonalined countries, meeting
here, decided to call a conference in Sarajevo, Yugoslavia, on 27 October
this year. The committee approved the conference report and prepared an
agenda for it. The forthcoming conference is called upon to coordinate

the activities of radio stations of nonalined states. [Text] [Moscow TASS
in English 1720 GMT 9 Jul 77 LD]

TELECOMMUNICATIONS MINISTER TO USSR--CSSR--Mohamed Zerguini, minister of posts
and telecommunications, left Algiers last night for official visits to the USSR
and Czechoslovakia, at the invitation of the governments of the USSR and the
Socialist Republic of Czechoslovakia. During these visits, Zerguini will sign
agreements on cooperation in the field of posts and telecommunications. [Text]
[Algiers International Service in French 1800 GMT 15 Jul 77 LD]

wu



The European countries want more news from the developing countries. They have
been receiving only news of crises and disasters from foreign news agencies.
The developing countries can, if they join this program, inexpensively transmit
any news they wish the rest of the world to know.

The Public Relations Department showed great interest in this program of ex-

changing television news via satellites. It is believed that all four Thai
television stations will soon be experimenting with this program.

cso: 5500


market." In other words, the more the CGCT exports, the greater are its
domestic possibilities.

Marc Lauvergeon also brilliantly demonstrated that his company--like all
other French companies--was supported by the government in the area of ex-
ports. That support is important to him with respect to the ITT group which,
since it was forced to transfer LMT / expansion unknown _/ to
Thomson, seems to be showing a disturbing tendency to put its Belgian sub-
sidiary BTM {expansion unknown _/ first, especially since its

"French sisters" are threatened with nationalization.

The CGCT, however, is responsible for two important export areas, which are,
at least in principle, "protected": Africa and Latin America. That has
not prevented it from going into other European countries (Ireland and
Finland) and from seizing opportunities (India) where it can. The company
is, however, aiming at markets which are broad enough so that, once it has
made its breakthrough into a country, it will be able to extend its tele~
Phone systems: in Finland, the CGCT is already installing its second Meta-
cona telephone exchange in Kuopio.

But the present economic situation in Finland has temporarily forced a halt
to any new orders. During 1976, Finnish industrial investments fell off by
23.5 percent, and production only increased by 1.5 percent.

Increase in Domestic Demand

The main consequence of this recession is that foreign purchases have been
restrained and, in order to help local industry along, the Bank of Finland
has been refusing all requests for credit exceeding 6 months made by Finnish
firms for the purchase of foreign equipment. Because of this, Finnish im-
ports declined in 1976. It seems, however, that 1977 will present a better
picture, mainly due to an increase in foreign demand. In 1976, Finnish
exports had already increased by more than 20 percent, with timber and timber
product exports increasing by 30 percent and machinery exports increasing by
28 percent. According to budget estimates, the GNP should increase by

5 percent in 1977 (against 0.5 percent in 1976) and inflation should be
brought down to 10 percent (instead of 15 percent). It should be pointed
out that France has only a modest share of Finnish imports: 2.7 percent,
compared to 17 percent for the USSR, 16 percent for Sweden, 14 percent for
for the FRG and 9 percent for Great Britain.

The French breakthrough in the telephone industry is thus very much appre-
ciated by French government authorities, especially since CIT-Alcatel, a
subsidiary of the CGE /General Electricity Company/, which has worked for
the past 5 or 6 years with the Finnish company Nokia, is about to sign an
agreement for the transfer of the production license and marketing rights
for its timed frequency switcher unit--the all-electronic E 10.

The Finnish Postal and Telecommunications Service has approved the system,
and Nokia signed an agreement with Televa (telephone company) to set up a

37



Color TV is to be found in all of the new variety schools in the province,
in addition to the people's network in highly visible places such as
store windows, hotels and recreation centers.

At present only TV transmissions are being utilized, but in the future
the microwaves will be employed for national radio network broadcasts,
and a reserve channel is also planned for this service.

Microwaves do not have the drawback of interruptions because of -
insufficient electrical energy because their batteries allow for 10 hours
of service.

All of the equipment is automized, and thus any irregularity can be
detected from the central station in Havana.

Yesterday

TV magnates used: to say that Pinar del Rio's topographical features
precluded any attempt to set up an efficient television service, but the
reality of the situation was that the province, one of the country's most
backward and most limited in sources of income, was of no interest to
then.

8743
cs0O: 3010

2)



In a frequency distribution conference in Geneva at the beginning of the
year, the Scandinavian countries were given frequencies for up to five
television channels. The way plans are today, each country will have
three channels for national use while two will be Scandinavian channels.
This means that a person in Norway with plenty of time will be able to
receive a total of 11 TV programs from a satellite stationed at 5 degrees
east longitude over the equator.

But it can be more than that. After a while, when the countries down in
Europe send up their satellites, a person here in Norway will most probably
be able to turn the channel selector and receive TV programs from a series
of these countries. Even if one tries to concentrate the signal beams from
the satellites as well as possible over the area that is to be covered, it
cannot be done so that the beams only cover definite geographic areas.
There will be the so-called "spill over" of signals, which about a half
million Norwegian television viewers with Swedish antennas already make
use of today.

"For the time being, technology will limit what we will be able to receive
from foreign TV programs," says Director Mortensen. "At any rate, with
today's technology, when one is talking about common antenna equipment,
one can imagine a limit of 12-15 channel possibilities. But farther in
the future there is the thought of fiber optical solutions which will give
countless selection possibilities."

"Some politicians have recently expressed concern for the ‘spiritual and
cultural pollution’ of Norway which they say will follow in the wake of
TV satellites. What can be done to control the flood of programs to which
we will probably be exposed from countries down in Europe?"

"In my opinion it will be extremely difficult to set any limits to what
people will be able to receive from other European communication satellites.
As a standard solution we have given ourselves a receiving antenna, a plate-
shaped thing with a diameter of about 90 centimeters. Even this little
antenna will be able to receive broadcasts meant for areas outside of Scan-
dinavia. Two such antennas are necessary, as one will only take in the
Scandinavian satellites. With larger antennas and with more sensitive
equipment--naturally at a higher cost--the range will become even larger,"
says Director Mortensen, who personally does not see any possibility today
of introducing limitations on the basis of the type of programs.

We will apparently see British, French, German, Dutch and Belgian programs
on our TV-screens in a few years--particularly in the southern part of the
country. These countries lie so far north that there is reason to calcu-
late "spill over" of signals from satellites that are stationed over the
earth's central belt, and some East European countries’ satellites will
possibly also beam their signals in our direction.

ho



CUBA

MICROWAVE RELAY NETWORK TO IMPROVE TV RECEPTION
Havana JUVENTUD REBELDE in Spanish 16 May 7 p2
[article by Ramon Brizuela_J7

L Text_J Our country is eagerly seeking to modernize its communications,
and as an example of this we have the province of Pinar del Rio. It was
the pioneer in the country's automatic telephone dialing service and was
then the first to have a television transmission system using powerful
microwaves.

Microwave television transmission is an innovative method of the most
advanced technology. It provides optimum service in both audio and
video, and thus TV sets receive sharper and more stable images.

Rebroadcast transmissions will thus be gradually replaced throughout the
country, This is an archaic method that does not provide the required
quality, and the drawbacks of it become most evident in mountainous
areas such as the eastern and western regions of our country.

Today

The first section of this network, which will soon encompass the entire
nation, was inaugurated on 19 March 1977. It consists of three channels
in the Havana-Pinar del Rio direction, two of which are now in service
while one remains in reserve.

Ninety percent of the Pinar del Rio area receives a top quality TV

signal both in color.and black and white. In order to provide this
coverage, the network has three repeaters to retransmit signals. One is
located in Loma Salon, and the others in Cubanacan and the Guanito heights,
where the main station is situated.

A channel is available for the remote control transmission of TV programs
as well. Tunis was not the case in the past, and it has become very
useful for broadcasting events that are to be reproduced over the
national network.

ak



INTERNATIONAL

YUGOSLAV, IRAQI INFORMATION OFFICIALS HOLD TALKS IN BELGRADE
Belgrade TANJUG in English 1657 GME Jun 77 LD
{"Pool" item]

[Text] Belgrade, 21 June (TANJUG)--Muhamed Berberovic, member of the Yugoslav
Federal Executive Council and chairman of the Federal Committee for Information,
has received Taha Yasin al-Basria, undersecretary of the ministry of information,
culture and tourism of the Republic of Iraq, in Yugoslavia now on an invitation
from this committee.

In the ensuing friendly talk of some length, opinions on the present degree

of the development of cooperation in the sphere of information bilaterally and
multilaterally were exchanged in detail. Special attention was paid to several
questions concerning the nonaligned countries’ cooperation in the field of
information from the standpoint of Iraq's and Yugoslavia's activities as members
of the non-aligned countries’ coordinating bodies for information, the
Coordination Council and the Pool's coordination committe. Within this context,
it was assessed that the forthcoming conference of the non-aligned countries'
radio and TV organizations to take place in Yugoslavia towards the end of
October has an exceptional political significance since it is to analyze and
discuss the existing state of infrastructure development in the sphere of

radio and television, overall bilateral cooperation and cooperation within
existing regional and interregional unions and consider possible directions

in the further promotion and expansion of this cooperation.

Regarding the course of preparations for this meeting, both sides expressed
the view that prior to the conference all non-aligned countries-~especially
the members of the working group--should do their best to ensure the meeting
adopt an action program for cooperation in which special attention is devoted
to the solving of priority problems, like cooperation in programming, pro-
fessional training, etc.

The recent meeting of the International Expert Committee for Telecommunications
of the non-aligned, held in early May in Baghdad, was assessed as positive in
the talk. The meeting of the non-aligned countries' working group, entrusted



HUNGARY

EQUIPMENT OF INTERSPUINYIK STATION BEING INSTALLED
Budapest NEPSZABADSAG in Hungarian 8 Jul 77 p 9

[Excerpts] Construction of the building which will house the communications
equipment of Hungary's Intersputnyik station at Taliandorogd was’ recently
completed. The project was begun a bare 2 years ago and has now reached the
stage at which the communications equipment is being assembled and installed.
The circular two-story transmitting building which has a diameter of 30
meters has been completed. This will house complex communications equipment
the most sensitive of which will be located in air-conditioned rooms. The
technical services building which is connected to the transmitting building
houses equipment for power supply, generating, heating and the water system.
There are also storage rooms, offices and social rooms.

This establishment which is unique to Hungary is a product of the cooper-
ation of 25 enterprises. Soviet, Czech and Hungarian specialists using
special cranes lifted the parabolic antenna which has a diameter of 12 meters
and a mounting weighing in excess of 50 tons into position. The communica-
tions equipment for all exisitng stations of this kind came from the Soviet
Union, which assisted in their construction.

According to Ferenc Valter, director of the Central Investment Bureau of the
Posts, calibration of the equipment at Taliandorogd will begin in September.
Test operation of the ground station is to begin in November, and plans call
for putting the new facility into operation at the end of the year. This
will permit establishment of direct telephonic and television connection
between Hungary and the other members ‘of the Intersputnyik Organization.

In its initial configuration, the system will consist of one television,
two radio and 100 telephonic channels operating with the aid of satellites.
During the first stage, 12 telephone circuits will operate in addition to
the television and radio connections... The number of telephone channels is
expected to be the first to increase significantly.

cso: 5500

15



The inauguration ceremonies were attended by Transport and Communications
Minister Engineer ‘Abd al-Fattah ‘Abdallah, Industry Minister Engineer 'Isa
Shahin, the governor of Alexandria and officials of the railroad and tele-
communications authorities.

cso: 5500



LEBANON

BRIEFS

UNDERWATER COMMUNICATIONS CABLE DAMAGED--Beirut, 17 July--The underwater cable
for telephone communications between Beirut and Europe and the Arab countries
was damaged during the clashes which occurred last night and this morning be-
tween the armed organizations in the Palestinian Sabra Camp. The PLO is ex-
erting diligent efforts to end the clashes in which light and heavy weapons
were used. [Riyadh SNA in Arabic 1412 GMT 17 Jul 77 NC]

cso: 5500

33



where not even that reduced plan can be reached, at least not in 1977.
Up to now no orders have been made and if the situation continues, there
will be serious difficulties in maintaining a proper production planning,
and therefore, an economic-financial balance that is sufficient for the
operation of the companies,''

Siemens prefers not to use the expression frustration" with respect to
this situation but it guarantees that ''together with other firms of the
sector we have alerted the authorities, about the national tele-
communications system or about the situation of the manufacturing compa-
nies. Up to now there is no willingness on the part of the government

to consider the resolution of the problem, taking into consideration the
position of the industries as a variable. And thus we could be led to an
even more difficult situation than the present one."

According to the Ericsson company, which details the consequences of non-
discrimination in orders and the decline in the volume of orders at the
short and medium range for the concessionaires-as well as for the indus-
tries of the sector, in the short range, the telephone companies will be
forced to reschedule the contracts already signed in order to comply
with their new financial programs and will have to postpone their con-
tracting plans for coming years. in the medium range, it is expected
that once more there will be overloading, noisy dialing malfunctions,
interurban trunklines that are always busy, longer waits for telephone
lines, and the return of the blackmarket in telephones. In the industry,
there will be a decline in the industrial rate of growth which will
result in increases in costs, dismissal of skilled personnel who were
trained for long ‘periods, financial difficulties due to a decline in a
cash flow and subsequent indebtedness. In the medium range there will
also be the need to train personnel again, when new orders come, with

the accompanying costs. At the same time, the industry will be pressured
once more to provide quicker service when we all know that to slow down
is easy but to speed up requires more time and costs more money.'!

In the companies which manufacture telephone and telecommunications
equipment, the period for manufacturing items is established at 2 years.
Thus anything that is contracted for in one year will not be produced
until the following year, Based on that premise, therefore, the Ericsson
foresees orders of 70 percent of what had been originally forecast.
Slemens goes even further and believes that orders will be made only

at the end of the year and that due to the long cycles of planning and
orders of parts for manufacture, it will be difficult to make a balanced
scheduling for 1979 and that in the best of hypothesis this year will be
very difficult. \

Improve Prospects

The Siemens believes that there will only be good prospects for the

al



JPRS 69513

28 July 1977

TRANSLATIONS ON TELECOMMUNICATIONS POLICY,
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
No. 8
CoNTENTS
INTERNATIONAL

Yugoslav, Iraqi Information Officials Hold Talks in Belgrade
(TANIUG, Jun 77) ccceccccccccccccceccecsceeceeescscenceee

FRG TV Official Discusses News Sharing in Thailand
(Bangkok Domestic Service, 12 Jul 77) .cccecsesecsccacece

Briefs
Uganda, TASS Agreement
Nonalined Broadcasting Cooperation
Telecommunications Minister to USSR
EBurope-West Africa Cable System
Hungary, Cuba TV Agreement.
GDR-Swiss Radio Cooperation

ASIA
INTER-ASIAN AFFAIRS

Thailand To Pay for Part of Singapore-Philippines Cable
(Bangkok Domestic Service, 13 Jul 77) ....ceseeececeecees

INDIA

Paper Hails Decision To Acquire Geostationary Satellite
(Bditorial; THE TIMES OF INDIA, 9 Jul 77) .scsscecceeeees

Briefs
International Telex Services

PHILIPPINES

Briefs
Worldwide News Service

PAGE

Annu

iL

12

-a- f°rr - Ing - 140]



NORWAY

NORDIC TV SATELLITE QUESTION DISCUSSED
Oslo AFTENPOSTEN in Norwegian 28 May 77 p 25

[Text] It will probably be at least 10 years before the first direct
broadcast communications satellite appears on the European horizon. To be
sure, individual countries have been given frequencies, and they have been
delegated "parking spaces" for satellites in the equatorial orbit, but for
the present, no country in Europe has set a date for the introduction: of
this form of broadcasting service. For the time being, we must be satis-
fied with the earth-bound net for the distribution of radio and television.

"In the Age of the TV Satellite: Large Parts of Europe in the Norwegian
Television Room," by Knut Lovstuhagen.

"The way it looks today, 1985 seems to be the earliest date for operational
installation of communication satellites that broadcast directly to home
receivers," says Director Per Mortensen of the Television Directorate to
Aftenposten.

Technically, it is possible to build such satellites already today, but
they must go through a very thorough testing period before they can be put
to use in the ordinary transmission of radio and television. 1981-82 has
been designated as a realistic date for the introduction of radio and tele-
vision service by satellite. But in any case, the Scandinavian television
administrations are of the opinion that in such an important matter, a test
satellite should be sent up first.

The European Space Agency (ESA) has plans to launch such a test satellite
for direct transmission of broadcast programs in 1981-82. Norway is not a
member of the organization--the only Scandinavian country that is not by
the way--but it is likely that we will still take part in the testing pro-
gram which will take place with the satellite. The results of these tests
will then form the basis for work on further planning of a satellite for
national and Scandinavian distribution of radio and television programs.

ho



joint subsidiary, Telephona, which will manufacture the switcher units,
Finnish postal and telecommunications representatives recently came to Paris
and asked CIT-Alcatel for a maximum of concessions on the price of the
license. Thus, the French telephone industry has become one of foreign
trade's war-horses in investing the Finnish market.

11935
cso: 5500

Bt



struction costs and in the ownership of the ASEAN underwater cable linking
Singapore and the Philippines. Thailand's share will be 2 percent--about 21
million baht--of the total costs. This amount will be allocated from the
budgets of the Communications Organization of Thailand, the organization which
will provide telecommunication services and will collect fees from such services

transmitted via this cable.

The cabinet, after deliberation, approved the Communications Ministry's pro-
posal.

cso: 5500



to have a useful life of at least 10 years. In any case, the 10-year space
profile suggested by the Indian Space Research Organisation specifies

Rs. 400 crores for the entire satellite network. The real issue then, is
not the initial investment but the acceleration of our space and. communica-
tions programme. Forgetting the TV aspect of it for the moment (although
this is what strikes the common man most), consider the benefits that

may be derived in meteorology, hydrology, oceanography, infrared astronomy
and detailed surveys of the country's little-mapped resources. In view

of all this vast potential the government's decision to move swiftly ahead
in space is absolutely sound.

CSO: 5500

Lo



BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATA |!- Report No.
SHEET JPRS

69513

3. Recipient's Accession No.

4. Title and Subtitle

AND DEVELOPMENT, No. 8

TRANSLATIONS ON TELECOMMUNICATIONS POLICY, RESEARCH

5. Report Dare

28 July 1977

6.

7. Author(s)

8. Performing Organization Rept.
Jo.

9. Purforming Organization Name and Address

Joint Publications Research Service
1000 North Glebe Road

Arlington, Virginia 22201

10. Project/Task/Work Unit No.

V1. Contract/Grant No.

12. Sponsoring Organization Name and Address

As above

13. Type of Report & Period
Covered

i

15. Supplementary Notes

16. Abstracts

computers, and satellite communications.

This serial report contains translations from the world press and radio relating
to worldwide political, economic and technical developments in telecommunications,|
Coverage will be worldwide with focus
on France, Federal Republic of Germany, United Kingdom, Italy, Japan, the USSR,
People's Republic of. China, Sweden, and the Netherlands.

17. Key Words and Document Analysis. 17a. Descriptors

Worldwide
Computers
Satellite Communications

Electronics and Electrical Engineering
Telecommunications
Telemetry

17b. Identifiers /Open-Ended Terms

We. COSATI Field/Group Q9B, C, F, 17B, 22B

18. Availability Statement

1. Ry Ciass (This 21. No. of Pages
Unlimited Availability eport
TONCLASsIEiED 0
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Springfield, Virginia 22151 Pea CLASS! =
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THIS FORM MAY BE REPRODUCED

USCOMM-De lapsz-P72


EGYPT

PRIME MINISTER INAUGURATES TELEPHONE, RAILROAD PROJECTS
Cairo Domestic Service in Arabic 1500 GMT 25 Jun 77 NC

[Text] Prime Minister Mamduh Salim today inaugurated the two-way railroad
line between Sidi Jabir and Abu Qir, and the Sidi Bishr central telephone ex-
change, which includes 6,000 lines. This exchange will have 40,000 lines by
1980 and will cost 6.25 million pounds.

Speaking on the occasion, Mamduh Salim said that Egypt is waging the battle
to achieve liberation and construction. The prime minister denounced attempts
to cast doubts on Egyptian achievements. He added that President Muhammad
Anwar as-Sadat's directives call for paying attention to basic construction
and public utilities as these have a great effect on productivity and services
projects. He said that the government is committed to implement all projects
in accordance with a fixed timetable.

He said that railroad and telecommunications investments amounted, for the
first time in Egypt, to more than 168 million pourids to meet the problems of
the two sectors. The government is making sure that factories will operate
to full production capacity. He said that the Abu Qir fertilizer plant's
daily production will be worth $180,000 in addition to the production of the
Talkha factory in the second stage and the results of the operation to full
capacity of the Kima fertilizer plant in Aswan.

Mamduh Salim said that companies will be formed to manage the railroad and
telephones. Each company will be in charge of a specific area and will be
allocated its revenue and independent budget to create competition among the
companies and to give opportunities for deploying the most modern technology.
These companies will be established in the near future. The success of each
company's opeartion will be soundly assessed. He called for expansion in
establishing public telephone offices.

Mamduh Salim then spoke about the relation between the administrative revolu-
tion and the raising of the standard of services and increased productivity.
He said that Egyptian technology must be created through acquiring practical
know-how by using modern methods in all fields.

31



BRAZIL

TELECOMMUNICATIONS ACTIVITIES REPORTED
New Policy for Telecommunications Sector Advocated
Rio de Janeiro 0 GLOBO in Portuguese 16 May 77 p 20

[fext7 Sao Paulo (0 GLOBO)--The only correct solution for the problems
of the sector will be a change in the orientation of the government, that
is, a reconsideration of the reasons that led to the cuts this year and
could also cause cuts in coming years. We are sure that the Minister of
Communications and the Brazilian Telecommunications Corporations
Ztelebras7 also consider the cuts imposed on them as being very large,
and in addition to everything, unnecessary. The fact is well known that
the Ministry of Communications, as well as the companies of the Telebras
group, have possibilities of raising the necessary resources on the
national or international financial market to maintain a minimum rate
growth, The companies of the Telebras group are really self~sufficient
in this matter and are independent as far as receiving funds from the
Federal Government is concerned. Why then is not that type of thinking
reconsidered, maintaining an acceptable rate of growth although Inferior
to original plans?

This question, asked by Siemens of Brazil, one of the principal suppliers
of telephone and telecommunications equipment, reveals that the opinion
of manufacturing companies of the sector did not change after the speech
by Minister of Planning Reis Velloso Friday night in answer to the
greetings from the president of the Brazilian Electro-Electronic industry
Association /Abinee/, Manoel da Costa Santos. The manufacturers believe
that the government did not touch on the crux of the problem and it seeks
to ignore some questions such as the possibilities of unemployment. The
Ericsson company, for example, says that it sent the Ministry of Labor,
at its request, the changes in the level of employment in the companies:

a year ago there were 11,082 employees; in December 1976 there were
10,971 and on 30 April there were 9,835 employees. And it adds: "We are
reducing our orders in proportion to our manufacturing schedule and our
great problem now in that field is to postpone or cancel part of the
orders already made.''

19



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mation was summarized or extracted.

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Direct-broadcast communications satellite with antenna beams which ‘reach
limited areas on earth. In this case the satellite is serving countries
on several continents--the development is going in the direction of each

country having its own satellite. :

Satellite Danger for thé Family: Langslet: Norwegians Make Problems for
Themselves with Everything New

“When the time comes that it is necessary to take a stand on the introduc~
tion of a system of Scandinavian satellite television, it is reasonable
to assume that Norwegian authorities will show positive interest in the
plan," says Lars Roar Langslet, Chairman of the Committee for Church and
Education in the Legislature. Langslet admits that problems can arise,
particularly when it comes to financing such a system. "But I see the
problems that have already arisen in public debate as superficial. I take
them to be an expression of the Norwegians' unstoppable drive to make
worries and difficulties in connection with everything possible that is
new," says Langslet.

43



CUBA

\
4

VIDEOTAPE RECORDING, TRANSMISSION PROBLEMS ATRED i
Havana JUVENTUD REBELDE in Spanish 11 May 77 p 2 . :

Li Article by Ricardo Tabares_7

L Text_J Every day when we get home and watch the TV we comment
favorably or unfavorably on the various programs.

"The picture isn't very good today."
"It's because of the antenna."

"No, it's the studio."
"I think that the videotape is defective."

And the term videotape, which has caught on little by little, often winds
up with the blame, |

Comparative figures show us that the number of hours transmitted by
videotape (color or black and white) in January of this year amounted to
165, and in March it rose to 195 hours, 10 minutes.

Going into further detail, during the first 2 weeks of March there were
59 hours of videotape broadcasts (black and white), whereas in the first
2 weeks of April there were 65 hours, 30 minutes of videotape programs.

But...are all the videotapes bad?
Who's Guilty?

All of tne videotapes are not bad. The 66 installments of the soap
opera "El Alma Encantada," adventure programs and color broadcasts are

proof of it.

It is also true that other videotapes are bad. Whose fault is it?
The technical personnel or the program director?

From the technical standpoint, none of them are guilty, but let's proceed
step by step to uncover the guilty party.


INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

FRENCH TELEPHONE SALES TO FINLAND NOTED
Paris L'USINE NOUVELLE in French 16 Jun 77 pp 47-48

([Article_by Helene Pichenot: "Telephone News: French Breakthrough in
Finland'/

LText/ Finland's choice of the CGCT /General Telephone
Construction Company/ central telephone exchange is proof
not only of the equipment's technical excellence but also
of this French company's aggressiveness in the area of
exports,

The first Metaconta electronic central telephone exchange to be set up on
Finnish soil, manufactured by the CGCT and ordered in 1972 by the telephone
company of the city of Vaasa, was just inaugurated by Jacques Chazelle,
French ambassador to Helsinki, in the presence of Gerard Thery, general
director of telecommunications. It is quite a feat to have penetrated a
Scandinavian market, where the dominance of the Swedish company Ericsson
is strongly felt (40 percent of the Finnish telephone system, on an equal
footing with Siemens) and where the demands of the users and the diversity
of the system (there are 36 telephone companies operating in Finland) demand
a complex and sophisticated type of software. The Metaconta central tele-
phone exchange in Vaasa will offer the most advanced services to its users:
shortened telephone numbers, automatic transfer to other exchanges and
automatic redialing of busy lines....

But besides these technical achievements, Marc Lauvergeon, president of the
CGCT, had another reason to be satisfied with the Finnish order, as it proved
to the French telecommunications directors that the company was being aggres-
sive in the area of exports. The CGCT has put into service or is now in the
process of installing 9 Metaconta semi-electronic public central telephone
exchanges abroad (Mexico, Colombia, Finland, Morocco...) and 5 in France.

In addition to this, it has installed 35 private telephone exchanges in
France and 1 in the USSR. ‘This subsidiary of ITT is way ahead of other
French companies in the area of exporting switching equipment, It has thus
met the criteria of Gerard Thery, who said: "I cannot conceive of making a
profitable business out of equipment which is sold only on the domestic

36



sector if there were to be a reconsideration of the drastic decisions
made; Reductions, yes, but within a measure that does not compromise
either the balance of the telephone system or the situation of the
manufacturing companies. Brazil has a national telecommuni cations
systems that despite having improved much in the past 10 years, does still
not satisfy the needs of the country. It is important to understand that
this has been with economic growth rates that are relatively high.

“Despite the slowdown that is imposed on the country, telecomauni cations
must grow at least at a minimum rate in order to progress. To maintain
the system at a very low rate of growth means we are drawing away even
more from the desired telephone balance. In talking to the government
we do not have difficulties in explaining our problems and we are always
well treated. But what worries us is that while there is a dialog, it is
not leading to any solution because it is not enough that the government
understands our problems and says that it does. It is necessary that as a
result of that understanding, corrective measures be taken. And up to now
we have not seen this."

Hf

Technology Exchange With Italy To Be Discussed

Rio de Janeiro 0 GLOBO in Portuguese 20 May 77 p 27

Ltext7 Brasilia (0 GLOBO)--The president of the Societa Finanziaria
Telefonica per Azioni, which controls the main interests of the sector of
telecommunications in Italy, engineer Giorgio Villa, reported yesterday
that the next meeting of the Brazil-Italy Association for Telecommunications
Research and Industry will be held in Rio in November, when a policy by

the two countries for the sector will be defined in specific terms. With
respect to the problem of patents that may result from the agreement, he
declared that they will be joint property of Brazil and Italy but that

the patents already registered will continue to remain the property of

the present holders.

Villa emphasized the importance of a rapprochement between the two
countries and accepted the possibility that share control will remain
with the Brazilian government. The project now underway began in 1975,
when the first steps were taken during a visit by Ministers Azeredo da
Silveira and Euclides Quandt de Oliveira to Italy. In April 1976,
Itallan Minister of Communications Giulio Orlando came to Brazil and
defined the line of conduct of the Italian government with respect to the
subject ''in the aspect of exchanging information with Brazil instead of

a pure and simple transfer of technology."

The president of the Societa Finanziaria Telefonica per Azioni said that
his company proposed the nationalization of Auso Eletronica e Tele~
comunicacoes Ltda, an Italian company operating in Brazil to the
Brazilian government.

i)
is)


EUROPE-WEST AFRICA CABLE SYSTEM--Nigeria and four countries have signed a
protocol agreement in Lagos. The pact covers the Ivory Coast-Nigeria segment
of the Europe-West Africa submarine cable system. The project, which will
cost 26 million naira, is expected to become operational next year. The
Nigerian commissioner for communications, Mr S.O. Williams, signed for their
countries. Mr Williams said that the agreement would result in the achieve-
ment of another complementary network that would be useful to members of

[word indistinct]. The system is designed to link Penmarch in France with
Casablanca, Dakar, Abidjan, Lagos [words indistinct]. ‘The Penmarch-Casablanca
section of the project has been functioning since 1973. The second section--
Casablanca-Dakar--went into use this year. [Text] [Lagos International Service
in English 0800 GMT 25 Jun 77 LD]

HUNGARY, CUBA TV AGREEMENT--Budapest, 14 July, MTI--Richard Nagy, president of
the Hungarian Television, and Nivaldo Herrera Sardines, President of the Cuban
Radio and Television Institute, signed Thursday in Budapest a work plan for the
years 1977-79. The work plan provides for the organization of programs intro- ©
ducing each other's country, broadcasting of national evenings, regular ex-
change of films and transmission of the meeting of the world's youth. [Text]
{Budapest MTI in English 1716 GMT 14 Jul 77 LD]

GDR-SWISS RADIO COOPERATION--GDR Radio and the Swiss Broadcasting Corporation
[SRG] will in the future increase their cooperation. This emerges from a
joint working protocol signed in Berne by Rudi Singer, chairman of the GDR
State Broadcasting Committee, and Dr Stelio Molo, director general of the SRG.
In particular there will be expansion in the exchange of the spoken word and
music programs, the relaying of programs from international festivals, the
Zurich music week and the Berlin biennial music festival, and mutual assistance
in reporting were also agreed upon. [Text] [East Berlin Voice of the GDR
Domestic Service in German 1100 GMT 14 Jun 77 LD]

cso: 5500


"When television was to be introduced into Norway, there was no end to the
warnings that it would ruin family life, Norwegian culture, etc.," said
Langslet to Aftenposten. "But in reality there has been probably no other
single factor that has contributed so much to unite the family in our
splintered times as just this television. Then when color television came
we heard that among other things it would ruin the NRK's Norwegian National
Broadcasting Company's economy. But in truth the NRK experienced a unimag-
ined prosperity undreamed of afterwards. Developments have gone directly
opposite to what all the 'Cassandras' predicted," says Langslet, who feels
that the drive to make problems for themselves must be connected to the
psyche of the Norwegian national character.

"Some people also feel that it is wrong for the viewers to be able to prac-
tice a so-called 'slalom movement' to find the entertainment programs on
various stations. I cannot imagine what it is that gives a political elite
any natural right to exercise authority over other people's taste in such a
Matter. Some seem to argue that the NRK somehow is setting up a program
that is proper for the public's health--something like school breakfast--
and that the public will suffer if they don't follow it. If they, for
example, turn off Bjorn Nilsen and watch a show on Swedish television in-
stead, it is believed that they somehow might harm their souls," Langslet
remarked. "My sympathies are on the side of the viewers if they decide

to act in this manner. It is moreover an arrogant thought that NRK is the
only Scandinavian broadcasting company which broadcasts programs of value."

Langslet emphasizes that it is the lack of choice in television programs
that is objectionable--not the opposite. In the long run he feels that
satellite technology will be developed in such a manner that it will be
just as normal to tune in TV broadcasts from various corners of the world
as it is today to receive radio broadcasts. Langslet considers such a
development to be generally valuable, even if it implies both good and bad
just as everything else does.

"Already today there are of course a large number of Norwegian viewers who
can receive Swedish TV channels," Langslet points out. "I can not see that
great problems will arise if they can also see programs from Denmark and
Finland even if people will turn to programs from these countries a good
bit less because of language difficulties."

Moreover, Langslet has the impression that we will soon have reached a
"saturation point" in the time that television takes of the individual's
everyday life. Consequently, more choices will not mean that people will
spend a corresponding additional amount of time sitting before the screen.
Langslet has not found any basis for the opinion that Scandinavian TV
satellite connection would threaten family life.

Today only Finland has advertisements on television among the Scandinavian
countries. Langslet does not believe that advertisements will create any

hh



The position of the Committee of foreign secretaries will be evaluated in
the usual manner in the various Scandinavian countries. In time, the matter
will be sent to the legislature, says Aanderaa. The Department is also pre-
paring the nomination of its own mass media committee. The committee will
in its work have to deal with the question of satellite television. But it
is doubtful if the committee will have its position ready so that it can
have significance for legislative handling of the matter. Aanderaa thinks
that the legislature will take a position on the question of satellite
television in the course of the next two to three years.

To the question of what would happen if Norway rejected satellite televi-
sion and the other Scandinavian countries accepted it, Aanderaa answers
that this alternative is not being discussed. The goal is to reach a com
mon Scandinavian solution. In the meantime, it will not be possible to
screen Norwegian viewers from Scandinavian satellite broadcasts: every
viewer will be able to receive the programs if the party concerned gets
himself the necessary additional equipment for his TV set. This additional
equipment is estimated to cost from three to five thousand crowns.

In January of this year there was an international agreement on the dis-
tribution of wave lengths for use of TV satellites, says Aanderaa. This
agreement presupposes screening off of the various areas from broadcasts
from other areas. Only in border areas in Scandinavia will it be possible
to receive satellite broadcasts from other European countries.

The Scandinavian committee of foreign ministers will deal with the cultural-
political questions which arise with a possible introduction of a common
Scandinavian satellite television. Aanderaa mentioned a couple of the prob-
lem areas that will be dealt with in the coming debate. The one concerns
possibilities for Norwegian programs to succeed in competition with the
foreign ones. From other deliberations we have, at present, a series of
governmental efforts to further the spread of Norwegian culture--purchase
orders for Norwegian literature is one of the best known examples. Aanderaa
will not speculate on what should be done to ensure the competitive effi-
ciency of Norwegian TV programs. But he thinks that the question must be
seen in connection with the perspectives which arise with the commercial
exploitation of TV cassettes. .

Another problem concerns advertisements in television from other countries.
At present only Finland has such advertisements. ’

If the Norwegian authorities decide for Scandinavian satellite television,
it will still be a long time before it can be accomplished. Aanderaa sug=
gests that it will not be in effect before the mid-1980's at the earliest.



INDIA

PAPER HAILS DECISION TO ACQUIRE GEOSTATIONARY SATELLITE
Bombay THE TIMES OF INDIA in English 9 Jul 77 p 8 BK
[Haitorial: "Swifter Into Space"]

[Text] The decision to acquire a geostationary communications satellite for
this countr 's exclusive use must be hailed as being bold and imaginative.
Once we wer. set on the road of basing our long-term communications network
on satellite; it was merely a matter of determining the pace of progress.
Acquisitic : would be expensive but is an indication of the need to push on
with greai-r vigour. It saves time and gives more impetus to the excellent
work that has been going on for some time in space research. Aryabhata was
aloft in 1975, a small, mildly qualified success. The SEO [Satellite for
Earth Observations] for earth observations (425 kg, Rs. 6 crores) is due

to be up next year. After the SITE [Satellite Instructional Television
Experiment] using an American geosynchronous satellite there now has begun
the STEP [Satellite Transmission Experiment Program] using the French-
German Symphonie. And in 1980 the European Launcher Ariane will carry as
its main payload a 616-kg, Indian-built package of great complexity. But
all these have their limitations. For instance, the SHO can be tracked

and information gathered from each of its passes across India only for

6 to 12 minutes at a time, whereas a stationary satellite is ours for keeps,
day and night. Initially telecommunications and weather studies will be
its main tasks, but subsequently remote sensing, television relay and
fundamental research in solar and planetary physics and allied disciplines
will be undertaken. Additionally, we may expect quicker software develop-
ment (a field in which we are already fairly advanced) and gain more
experience with earth stations and actual operation of the satellite. It
will certainly mean that we shell get into space in a big way swifter than
ever.

What about the cost? One estimate is that a geostationary satellite will
cost as much as Rs. 200 crores (this is on the high side) and the expendi-
ture on ground stations, power, operation and maintenance will be extra.
But the figure misleads. An advanced satellite can be confidently expected