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Illinois Area Design ations For the

2008 Lead National Ambient Air Quality Standard s

EPA has revised the lev e l of the primary (health

- based) standard from 1.5 micrograms per cubic meter (μg/m3) to 0.15 μg/m3 measured as total suspended particles (TSP). EPA has revise d the secondary (welfare

- based) standard to be identical in all respects to the primary standard

.

Pursuant to section 107(d) of the Clean Air Act, EPA must designate as “ nonattainment ” those areas that violate the NAAQS and those nearby areas that contribute to violations.

The table below identifies the partial county in Illinois that EPA intends to designate

“nonattainment” for the 200 8 l ead National Ambient Air Quality Standard (2008 lead NAAQS).

Area Illinois Recommended

N onattainment Count y EPA’s Desig nated Nonattainment County Chicago Cook (partial) Cook (partial)

Table 1 : Illinois Nonattainment Area for t he 2008 Lead NAAQS

Technical A nalysis for Chicago

Introduction

Th is technical analysis for Chicago identifies the partial county with a monitor that violate s the

2008 l ead NAAQS

, and evaluates nearby counties for contributions to lead concentrations i n the

area. EPA has evaluated these counties based on the weight of evidence of the following factors

recommended in previously issued EPA guidance :

Air quality in potentially included versus excluded areas ; Emissions and emissions

- related data in area s potentially included versus excluded from

the nonattainment area , including population data

, growth rates and patterns and emissions controls; Meteorology (weather/transport patter n s) ; Geography/topography (mountain ranges or other air basin boundaries) ; Jurisdictional boundaries ( e.g. , counties, air districts, reservations, etc.) ; and

, Any other relevant information submitted to or collected by EPA.2 Figure 1 : Chicago, Illinois Area and Surrounding Counties (Office of Air Qual ity and Planning Standards

- OAQPS)

Figure 1 is a map of the area analyzed showing the locations and design values of violating air quality monitors in the area, and the counties surrounding any violating air quality monitors

. Source data is also labeled in Figure 1 with the following guid elines: if the source emitted 0.5 0

or more tons per year (tpy) , the symbol, name of the facility, and emissions are labeled; if t he

source emitted 0.1 0

– 0.5 0 tpy , only the symbol and emissions are labeled; and if the so urce emitted less than 0.05 tpy , only the symbol is shown. 1 Emissions in Chicago and the surrounding

areas will be discussed in the secti on addressing emissions in Cook County. The location of the

detailed area in relation to the remainder of the State i s shown in the bottom right corner of the figure.

1 Emissions greater than 0.05 tpy round up to 0.1 0 tpy, and they are marked with the symbol and the emissions

value.3 Figure 2 : Chicago, IL State Recommended Nonattainment Area Local View (OAQPS)

Figure 2 shows the location and design value of air quality monitors on a localized Chicago area

vi ew focusing on the area where the violating monitor is located

. Again, source data is labeled with the following guidelines: if the source emitted 0.5 0 or more tpy , the symbol, name of the facility, and emissions are labeled; if t he source emitted 0.1 0

– 0.5 0 tpy , only the symbol and emissions are labeled; and if the source emitted less than 0.05 tpy , only the symbol is shown. In this figure, the State recommended nonattainment area , which EPA is adopting, is shown by the

blue outline.4 Figure 3 : Chicago, Illinois State Recommended Nonattainment Area (Google Earth)

Figure 3 shows the State recommended nonattainment area boundary for the Chicago area. The boundary is shown the red outline, and is encompassed by the following roads or thoroughfares: Roosevelt Rd. to the north, the Dan Ryan Expressway to the east, the Stevenson Expressway to the south, and Damen Ave. to the west. In this map, the distance between Roosevelt Rd

. (at t he north) and the Stevenson Expressway by way of Western Ave

. (at the western edge of the map)

is 2.15 miles. The distance between Western Ave

. and Halsted St

. is 2.0 miles.

In June 2011, Illinois recommended that portions of Cook County be designated as nonattainment for the 2008 lead NAAQS based on monitored air quality data collected between

2008 and 2010. The State’s recommendation was based on data from Federal Reference Method (FRM) or Federal Equivalent Method (FEM) monitors located in Illinois. Laurel L. Kroack,

Director of the Bureau of Air at the Illinois Environmental Protection Agency (IEPA), submitted the State’s recommendation to EPA in a letter dated June 10, 2011.

On June 15, 2011, EPA notified the State of Illinois of our proposed decision to accept the

State’s recommended nonat tainment designation and associated boundaries. EPA also asked that if the State had additional information that it wanted EPA to consider with respect to the proposed nonattainment area and associated boundaries, the State submit this information by Augu st 15, 2011. EPA received no additional information from the State of Illinois.5

On June 21, 2011, EPA published a Federal Register notice notifying the public that we had posted our responses to States’ recommendations for the 2008 lead NAAQS (76 FR 3604 2). This same notice simultaneously opened a comment period inviting the public to comment on our responses to States’ recommendations. During the public comment period, which ended on July 21, 2011, we received six sets of comment pertaining to our prop osed acceptance of Illinois’ nonattainment designation for the 2008 lead NAAQS and associated b oundaries for the Chicago

area. Summaries of these comments and our responses to them can be found in the Response to

Comments document in the docket for this a ction

.

Based on EPA’s technical analysis described below, EPA is designat ing portions of Cook County in Illinois as nonattainment for the 2008 lead NAAQS as part of the Chicago

nonattainment area based upon currently available information. This county is listed above in

Table 1

.

Detailed Assessment

Air Q uality D ata

This factor considers the l ead design values (in μg/m 3 ) for air quality monitors in Cook County

in Chicago and the surrounding area based on data for the 2008

– 2010 period. A monitor’s

de sign value indicates whether that monitor attains a specified air quality standard. The 2008 lead NAAQS are met at a monitoring site when the identified design value is valid and less than or equal to 0.15 μg/m 3 . A design value is only valid if minimum d ata completeness criteria are met. A lead design value that meets the NAAQS is generally considered valid if it encompasses

36 consecutive valid 3

- month site means (specifically for a 3

- year calendar period and the 2 previous months). For this purpose, a 3

- month site mean is valid if valid data were obtained for at least 75 percent of the scheduled monitoring days in the 3

- month period. A lead design value that does not meet the NAAQS is considered valid if at least one 3

- month mean that meets the

same 7 5 percent requirement is above the NAAQS. That is, a site does not have to monitor for 3 full calendar years in order to have a valid violating design value; a site could monitor just 3 months and still produce a valid (violating) design value.

The 2008 lead NAAQS design values for Cook County in Chicago and the surrounding area are

shown in Table 2 below, and a monitor in Cook County violates the 2008 lead NAAQS.

Therefore

, some area in this county and possibly additional areas in surrounding counties m ust be designated nonattainment . It should be noted there are multiple monitors in Cook County, but the remainder of the monitors in Cook County have recorded air quality data showing that the 2008 lead NAAQS has not been violated. IEPA has recommended o nly the area surrounding the violating monitor as nonattainment for the 2008 lead NAAQS. This particular monitor, located

at 1241 W. 19 th St. (AQS ID 17310110), is in very close proximity to H. Kramer & Company (Kramer). The primary products manufactured at this facilit y are brass and copper ingots. The location of this monitor will be discussed in the section addressing emissions for Cook County.

However, t he absence of a violating monitor alone is not a sufficient reason to eliminate nearby

areas as candidates for nonattainment status. Each area has been evaluated based on the weight

of evidence of the se factors and other relevant information.6

County State

Recommended

Nonattainment? Monitor Name Monitor Air Quality System ID Monitor Location Le ad Design Value,

2008

- 2010 (μg/m 3 ) Cook,

Illinois Yes Perez Elementary 17310110 1241 W

. 19 th St. ( 41

. 85577

,

- 87.65793 ) 0. 2 4

Cook,

Illinois No Alsip 170310001 4500 W. 123 rd St. (41.67099,

- 87.73246) 0.02

Cook,

Illinois No 114 th St. 170310022 3535 E. 114th St. ( 41.68717,

- 87.53932 ) 0.05

Cook,

Illinois No Harrison 170310026 735 W. Harrison St. ( 41.87372,

- 87.64533 ) 0.05

Cook,

Illinois No Wilson 170310052 4850 Wilson Ave. ( 41.96548,

- 87.74993 ) 0.02

Cook,

Illinois No Schiller Park 170 313103 4743 Manheim Rd. ( 41.96519,

- 87.87626 ) 0.01

Cook,

Illinois No Summit 170313301 Intersection of 60th

St. and 74th Ave. ( 41.78277,

- 87.80538 ) 0.0 3

Cook,

Illinois No Northbrook 170314201 750 Dundee Rd. ( 41.14000,

- 87.79923 ) 0.01

Cook,

Illi nois No Maywood 170316003 1500 Maybrook Dr. ( 41.87220,

- 87.82616 ) 0.0 4

The monitor in b old has the highest 2008

- 2010 design value in the respective county.
Table 2 : Chicago, Illinois and Surrounding Area Air Quality Data

Emissions and Emissions

- Relat ed Data

Evidence of lead emissions sources in the vicinity of a violating monitor are an important factor for determining whether a nearby area is contributing to a monitored violation. For this factor, EPA evaluated county level emission data for lead a nd any growth in lead emitting activities since the date represented by those emissions data

.

Emissions

Emissions data for industrial sources were derived from the 2008 National Emissions Inventory,

version 1.5 (NEI08V1.5), which was the most current ve rsion of the national inventory available

in 20 11 when these data were compiled for the designations process. 2 See

2 There are approximately 20,000 airport facilities in the U.S. at which leaded aviation gasoline is consumed; this

fuel is used almost exclusively in piston

- engine aircraft. Emissions data from the 2008 National Emissions7

http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/net/2008nei_v1/lead_facility_v1_5_final.xls

. EPA recognize s that for certain counties, we have no information on any emissions increases or decreases that may

have occurred since 2008. For example, certain large sources of emissions in or near this area may have installed emission controls or otherwise significantly reduced emissions since 2008

. Some States prov ided updated information on emissions and emission cont rols in their comments to EPA. Illinois did not provide emissions data for Cook County in its June 2011 submittal.

Table 3 shows total emissions of lead for violating and potentially contributing cou nties in and

around the Chicago area . Specifically, sources in Cook County that emit 0.1 tpy or greater of

lead (or sources that EPA anticipates as contributing at least 0.1 tpy) according to the NEI08V1 .5

and NEI08V1 have been identified in Table 3.

C ounty Facility in State

Recommended

Nonattainment

Area? Facility Name NEI08V1 .5 (tpy) Address City Cook County,

Illinois No Signode Corp

. 0.6 7701 W. 71 st St. Bridgeview Cook County,

Illinois No Mittal Steel USA

- Ri verdale Inc

. 0.4 13500 S. Perry Ave. Riverdale Cook County,

Illinois No Saint

- Gobain

Containers Inc

. 0.3 13850 Cottage Grove

Ave. Dolton Cook County,

Illinois No Sipi Metals Corp

. 0.3 1720 N. Elston Ave. Chicago Cook County,

Illinois No Hoist Lift Truck 0.2 6499 W. 65 th St. Chicago

Cook C ounty,
Illinois No Horsehead Corp

. 0.2 2701 E. 114 th St. Chicago Cook County,

Illinois No C

. E

. Niehoff & Co

. 0.2 2021 Lee St. Evanston Cook County,

Illinois Yes H

. Kramer & Co

. 0.1 1339 W. 21 st St. Chicago Cook County,

Illinois No Corn Products

Internat ional Inc

. 0.1 6400 S. Archer Ave. Bedford

Park Cook County,

Illinois No Plastics Color Corp

. of Illinois 0.1 14201 Paxton Ave. Calumet City Cook County,

Illinois No Crawford Electric Generating Station 0.1 3501 S. Pulaski Ave. Chicago Cook County,

Illi nois Yes Fisk Electric Generating Station 0.1 1111 W. Cermak Rd. Chicago Cook County,

Illinois No Chicago Extruded

Metals Co

. 0.1 1601 S. 54 th Ave. Chicago Cook County Total

Lead Emissions * 4.3

Table 3: Cook County Lead Emissions for Stationary Sou rces *Total emissions for Cook County included emissions from airport facilities using leaded aviation fuel

. The total emissions also include emissions from sources that emit less than 0.1 tpy.

Inventory version 1 (NEI08V1) is the most accurate depiction for the airport facilities in the United States, and NEI08V1 data was used in evaluating emissions from the se facilities in Cook County.8

The monitor located at 1241 W. 19 th St. was deployed in Jan uary 2010 as part of Illinois’ expanded ambient monitoring network for lead, 3 and as discussed previously is in very close proximity to Kramer. As reflected in Table 3, there are two facilities in the State recommended nonattainment area that emit at, or above, 0.1 tpy of lead. Kramer is one of these facilities, as is the Fisk Electric Generating Station. Analysis performed by IEPA indicates that the Kramer facility is primarily responsible for the elevated levels of lead in the State recommended

nonatta inment area. This analysis will be discussed in the section addressing other relevant

information.

Figure 4 below shows the location of Kramer (red star) and the monitor associated with this facility (yellow pin). The distance between the center of th e facility and the monitor is approximately 964’, or 0.18 miles. Additional discussion about the characteristics of this area

follow s below.

Figure 4 : Perez Elementary School Monitor Location (Google Earth)

Population Data , G

rowth Rates, and P atterns

Table 4 shows the 200 8 population for each county in the area being evaluated, as well as the population density (people/square mile) for each county in that area. These data help assess the

3 Counties in Illinois with lead monitors deployed prior to January 2010 include: Macoupin, Madison, Peoria, St. Clair, and elsewhere in Cook. In addition to the monitor located at 1241 W. 19 th St., monitors were also deployed in January 2010 in the following locales in Illinois: Rockford, Decatur, Bartonville, Mapleton, and Sterling.9

extent to which the concentration o f human activities in the area and concentration of population

oriented commercial development may indicate emissions

- based activity contributing to elevated ambient lead levels. This may include ambient lead contributions from activities that would

distu rb lead that has been deposited on the ground or on other surfaces. Re

- entrainment of historically deposited lead typically is not reflected in the emissions inventory

.

County State

Recommended

Nonattainment? 2008

Population 2008

Population Density (pop/ sq mi) Population

Change

2000

- 2008 Population %

Change

2000

- 2008

Cook, Illinois No (partial) 5,294,664 5,535

- 82,428

- 2

T able 4 : Population Data for Cook County, Illinois ( U.S. Census Bureau estimates for 2008 and estimation of the area of U.S. Count ies )

http://www.census.gov/popest/datasets.html

Specific to the immediate area surrounding the Kramer facility are the following traits: a population density of greater than 7,500 persons per square mile (the 2000 Census reports that the area actually has a population density of approximately 15,000 persons per square mile); a significant representation of children under 18 years of age; a significant representation of those that do not speak English well; a significant representation of those that have less than a 12 th
grade education; and, a significant representation of families that live at or below the poverty

level.

Emissions Controls

Under this factor, the existing level of control of emiss ion sources is taken into consideration. The emissions data used by EPA in this technical analysis and provided in Table 2 represent
emissi ons levels taking into account any control strategies implemente d on stationary sources in Chicago before 2008

. As part of its June 2011 submittal, Illinois EPA did not include additional information on controls put into place since 2008 at the Kr amer facility

.

Meteorology (weather/transport patterns)

For this factor, EPA considered 32 years of data from National Wea ther Service instruments and other meteorological monitoring sites in the area. Historical wind direction frequencies are included in Figure 5 and Table 6 . These data may provide evidence of the potential for lead emissions sources located upwind of a vi olating monitor to contribute to ambient lead levels at

the violation location.10 Figure 5 : Historical Wind Direction Frequencies for Cook County , Illinois

Figure 5 is a 3

- dimensional bar chart that shows the wind frequencies i n 8 directions for the 4

seasons. These data are taken from 1960

- 1992 Solar and Meteorological Surface Observation Network information issued jointly by the U.S. Department of Commerce: National Climatic Data Center and the U.S. Department of Energy: Nati onal Renewable Energy Laboratory. The chart frequencies reflect the directions from which the winds come.

Cook County Wind Frequencies

Frequency as a % Seasonal Wind

Directions

8.20 WINWINDFNNE

5.40 WINWINDFENE

5.30 WINWINDFESE

7.40 WINWINDFSSE

20 .40 WINWINDFSSW

17.90 WINWINDFWSW

23.40 WINWINDFWNW

12.00 WINWINDFNNW

17.30 SPRWINDFNNE

11.40 SPRWINDFENE

9.90 SPRWINDFESE

9.10 SPRWINDFSSE

17.90 SPRWINDFSSW

12.50 SPRWINDFWSW

14.10 SPRWINDFWNW11 7.90 SPRWINDFNNW

15.50 SUMWINDFNNE

8.70 SUMWINDFE NE

7.70 SUMWINDFESE

9.30 SUMWINDFSSE

24.10 SUMWINDFSSW

15.90 SUMWINDFWSW

12.70 SUMWINDFWNW

6.00 SUMWINDFNNW

10.20 AUTWINDFNNE

5.60 AUTWINDFENE

5.90 AUTWINDFESE

11.10 AUTWINDFSSE

25.70 AUTWINDFSSW

15.00 AUTWINDFWSW

16.80 AUTWINDFWNW

9.80 AUTWI NDFNNW

Table 5 : Historical Wind Frequency Data as Percents for Cook County, Illinois

As shown in Figure 5 and Table 5 , winds blowing from a variation of the southwest are prevalent in all seasons; therefore, special care must be made when determining the nonattainment boundary to the east and northeast of the violating monitor.

Geography/topography (mountain ranges or other air basin boundaries)

The geography/topography analysis evaluates the physical features of the land that might have an

effect on the air shed and, therefore, on the distribution of lead over Chicago and the surrounding

area.

The Chicago area does not have any geographical or topographical barriers significantly limiting

air

- pollution transport within its air shed. Therefore, thi s factor did not play a significant role in determining the nonattainment boundary.

Jurisdictional boundaries

Existing jurisdictional boundaries may be helpful in articulating a boundary for purposes of nonattainment designations, and for purposes of ca rrying out the governmental responsibilities of planning for attainment of the lead NAAQS and implementing control measures. These existing boundaries may include an existing nonattainment or maintenance area boundary, a county or township boundary, a met ropolitan area boundary, an air management district, or an urban planning boundary established for coordinating business development or transportation activities.

In EPA’s August 21, 2009 guidance memorandum, “Area Designations for the 2008 revised

Lead N ational Ambient Air Quality Standard,” EPA reiterated that the presumptive boundary for each nonattainment area should be the county containing the violating monitor . This concept was first introduced in the guidance for the 1978 lead NAAQS designations, and is described in the 1992 General Preamble (57 FR 13549). This same presumptive boundary guidance was12

addressed most recently in the final rulemaking for the 2008 lead NAAQS (73 FR 66964). EPA observed, however, that States have the flexibility in the ir recommendations to deviate from the presumptive county boundary to portions of the county containing the violating monitor, stating that any “nonattainment area boundaries that deviate from presumptive county boundaries should be supported by an assessm ent of several factors...,” all of which have been discussed already in this document, except for jurisdictional boundaries.

The State recommended nonattainment area is completely enclosed by the city of Chicago and Cook County. The Chicago Metropolitan Ag ency for Planning is responsible for transportation infrastructure, land use, and long term economical development for Cook County, and IEPA is responsible for all air quality regulatory programs in every county in the State.. As a result, air quality pla nning efforts to address the impending lead nonattainment area in Chicago should not be problematic. It should be noted that the final rulemaking for the 2008 lead NAAQS (73 FR 66964) specifically addressed transportation conformity by stating, “In light of the elimination of lead additives from gasoline, transportation conformity does not apply to the Lead NAAQS.” The State recommended boundaries for the Chicago nonattainment area are comprised of well

known streets and thoroughfares.

Other Relevant Information

EPA receive d additional relevant information from Illinois for establishing the nonattainment area boundary for Chicago . This information will be discussed below.

As reflected in Table 3, there are two sources in the State recommended nonat tainment area that have reported emissions of approximately 0.1 tpy. Previous discussion of meteorological data indicates that there is a very strong representation of winds that blow from the southwesterly direction. Through its own analysis, IEPA has d etermined that the highest concentrations of lead have been recorded at the Perez Elementary School monitor when the win d has come from the

southwest. IEPA provided the following information to EPA February 22, 2011:

Date Monitored Value

( μg/m 3 ) Wind Dir ection

12/10/2010 1.53 SW

4/2/2010 1.40 SW

8/30/2010 0.90 S

12/28/2010 0.77 SW

9/23/2010 0.62 SW

5/2/2010 0.26 SW

11/22/2010 0.23 SW

7/19/2010 0.21 SW

10/29/2010 0.21 SW

6/25/2010 0.17 S

6/1/2010 0.16 SE

Table 6 : Wind Direction on Dates with Hi ghest Monitored Values

Table 6 displays data that is sorted by the highest monitored values recorded at the Perez Elementary School monitor. As reflected in the table, the highest values monitored values13

generally occurred on days when the wind was blowi ng from the southwest. This trend is consistent with the relationship between the location of the monitor and the Kramer facility. Based on the location of Kramer in relationship to the monitor, IEPA preliminarily determined that Kramer is responsible fo r the elevated lead levels in the State recommended nonattainment

area.

In order to confirm this finding, IEPA installed a temporary second monitor located at Benito Juarez High School on March 11, 2011. The location s of the temporary monitor, the Perez Elementary School monitor, as well as the Kramer facility are contained in Figure 6 below.

Figure 6 : Locat ion of Monitors in R elation to H. Kramer & Company

Based on the data collected at the temporary monitor in conjunction with their initial analysis of wind direction and monitored values at the Perez Elementary School monitor , IEPA has

concluded the Kramer facility is the source responsible for the elevated lead levels in the State

recommended nonattainment area.

EPA o bserves that the State and/or EPA may conduct additional area

- specific analyses that could lead to a departure from the presumptive boundary of the entire county. Specifically, boundaries may be recommended based on the preceding factors analysis and one or more of the following14

techniques: qualitative analysis, spatial interpolation of air quality monitoring data, and air quality dispersion modeling.

EPA’s own additional analysis includes a conservative approach to interpolating the dispersion

of lead emissions from the Kramer facility in a linear fashion. Due to the physical properties of lead, the greatest impact of lead emissions is generally closest to the source, but EPA is assuming through a linear interpolation that if the monitored value at Per ez Elementary School is 0.24 μg/m 3 at a distance of approximately 0.20 miles away from the facility in the downwind direction, a distance of 0.40 miles from the facility should capture likely impacts of approximately 0.12 μg/m 3

. T he distance from the Kram er facility to the northeast edge of the State recommended nonattainment area is approximate 1.2 miles

. Based on the information provided by IEPA, EPA’s spatial interpolation and historical experience with other lead designations, and further taking into consideration the emissions from Fisk Generating Station and its location relative to the monitor and the boundaries, EPA believes that the State recommended nonattainment area is a sufficient and conservative approach to capture all areas

with ambient con centrations of lead equal to, or greater than, the 2008 lead NAAQS.

Conclusion

After considering the factors described above, EPA has determined that it is appropriate to designate portions of Cook County as nonattainment for the 2008 lead NAAQS.

The air quality monitor in Cook County shows a violation of the 2008 lead NAAQS , based on

200 8

- 2010 air quality data. The cumulative process of the multi

- factor analysis in conjunction with the additional information provided by the State and a conservative a pproach to spatial interpolation of lead concentrations supports the final nonattainment area. EPA finds it appropriate to designate the portions of Cook County that are encompassed by Damen Ave. on the west, Roosevelt Rd. on the north, the Dan Ryan Expre ssway on the east, and the Steven son Expressway on the south, as nonattainment for the 2008 lead NAAQS. This area is depicted below in Figure 7.

Based on the consideration of all the relevant and available information, as described above,

EPA believes that the boundaries described herein encompass the entire area that does not meet (or that contributes to ambient air quality in a nearby area that does not meet) the 2008 lead NAAQS.15 Figure 7 : Chicago, Illinois Nonattainment Area Boundaries16

Definition of important terms used in this document:

1) Designated “ nonattainment ” area

– an area which EPA has determined, based on a State

recommendation and/ or on the technical analysis included in this document, has violat ed the

2008 l ead NAAQS

, based on the most recent 3 years of quality assured air quality monitoring

data from 2008

- 20 10 including at least a singular valid 3

- month site mean above the level of the 2008 lead NAAQS, or that contributes to a violation in a nearby area

.

2) Designated “ unclassifiable/ attainment” area

– an area which EPA has determined does not

contrib ute to a violation of the 2008 l ead NAAQS in a nearby area and either: (1) meets the 2008

l ead NAAQS , based on the most recent 3 years of quality assured ai r quality monitoring data

from 2008

- 2010 including 36 consecutive valid 3

- month si te means (including the last 2 months of 2007), or (2) has no monitors or has incomplete air quality monitoring data for 2008

- 2010 but

has no violations of th e 2008 l ead NAAQ S.

3) Designated “unclassifiable” area

– an area which EPA has determine d cannot be classified on the basis of available information as meeting or violating the 2008 l ead NAAQS

, based on the

most recent 3 years of quality assured air quality monitoring da ta from 2008

- 20 10, but for which available monitoring data from the same or a recent period indicate a significant likelihood that the area may be violating the 2008 lead NAAQS.

4 ) Recommended nonattainment area

– an area a State or Tribe has recommended to EPA be designated as nonattainment.

5 ) Violating monitor

– an ambient air monitor whose valid design value exceed s 0.15 micrograms per cubic meter (ug/m3) . As described in Appendix R of 40 CFR part 50, a violation

can be based on either Pb

- TSP or Pb

- PM 10 data and only three months of data are necessary to produce a valid violating design value.

6 ) 1978 l ead NAAQS

– 1.5 μg/m 3 , National Ambient Air Quality Standard for lead promulgated

in 1978. Based on Pb

- TSP indicator and averaged over a calendar qua rter.

7 ) 2008 lead NAAQS

– 0.15 μg/m 3 , National Ambient Air Quality Standard for lead promulgated in 2008. Based on Pb

- TSP indicator and a three

- month rolling average. Pb

- PM10

data may be used in limited instances, including to show nonattainment.