# Patent

## Title
Pleated panel fluid filter

## Abstract

A pleated panel fluid filter filters fluid flowing along an axial flow direction and includes angled panels and/or progressively increasing flow channel width and/or skewed panel projections and/or flattened pleat tip bend lines.

## Background
BACKGROUND AND SUMMARY
The invention relates to fluid filters, including panel-type air cleaners.
It is known in the prior art to use pleated filter blocks for various fluid filtering applications, including panel-type air cleaners. In U.S. Pat. No. 6,482,247, incorporated herein by reference, a multi-panel fluid filter with equalized contaminant passages is designed to maximize usage of the volume of the filter housing. The '247 design produces a compact sized filtration system that can be designed with conventional panel filters. The '247 design makes it possible to either reduce the filter size for a stated fluid flow rate or increase the fluid flow rate for a filter with a size comparable to a conventional panel filter. The unit contaminant capacity for the '247 filter is greater since nearly the entire volume of the filter housing accommodates filter media. Individual filter panels are made using alternating seal technology. A gap is provided between individual panels, and a series of spacers or holders are attached to individual panels, as independent inserts, or attached to the filter housing as covers, and uniformly space the pleated elements, including in the case of less rigid pleats. The individual pleated filter elements are sealed by means of an adhesive material and are merged with a leak free bond on one end and are open on the opposite end. The design prevents any contaminant from leaking without being filtered to the required level of particle size and concentration. The combined filter is sealed to the housing with a gasket permanently attached to the multi-element outer perimeter or permanently attached to the filter and the housing. The latter is a disposable filter design option. The gaps between the individual filter elements form flow passages that make it possible for contaminant particles to enter the pleated material through the filter front side between the alternately sealed pleats and through the space above or below the element. The filter front stays open to the flow, and the filter media surface is loaded uniformly with contaminant particles. Because of this uniformly distributed contaminant cake, the surface of the filter media is fully and optimally utilized to achieve high contaminant loading in a small volume.
It is known in the prior art to provide parallel flutes or individual layers of filter media to achieve high volume utilization of the filter housing. When the surface area of the media increases in such designs, the contaminant holding capacity also increases. However, the inlet of such filters can become clogged due to edge phenomena. For a fluid in motion, the flute edges are solid obstacles playing a similar role as single fibers due in filter media. Contaminant particles are captured by edges due to this inertial mechanism. Because adhesive forces between the collected particles are usually greater (because they are the same material) than those between the flute edge and the particles, additional particles are captured on previously captured contaminant, forming large clusters. These clusters can clog the flute openings and drastically increase filter pressure drop. Moreover, the particle aggregates formed on the edges of the flutes prevent the contaminants from entering the space downstream of the particle clusters.
In the '247 patent, contaminant accumulation on the inlet face is significantly reduced. In contrast to previous designs, the contaminant will not clog the filter inlet because there are allowable contaminant passages around the individual pleated layers of filter media. Contaminant holding capacity increases due to a more uniform flow field and maximum use of filter media surface. The contaminant cake is also distributed more uniformly along the entire filter element length. Because of the uniform contaminant mass distribution, filter pressure drop increases more slowly than previous designs, and filter life increases. Gaps in the multi-panel filter ensure more equalized flow and contaminant distribution to the filter media. The design enables the gaps to be large enough to resist plugging from occasional large objects such as feathers, grass clippings, seeds, insects, etc., that enter the air induction system in an air filter application. The incorporation of such gaps also reduces pressure drop.
The present invention arose during continuing development efforts relating to the above noted filters, though is not limited thereto.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Prior Art
FIGS. 1-23 are taken from U.S. Pat. No. 6,482,247.
FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view of a filter.
FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along line 2-2 of FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is a sectional view of a portion of the filter of FIG. 1 in assembled condition.
FIG. 4 is a perspective view similar to a portion of FIG. 1 and shows an alternate embodiment.
FIG. 5 is an exploded perspective view of an alternate embodiment.
FIG. 6 is like FIG. 4 and shows another embodiment.
FIG. 7 is similar to FIG. 6 and illustrates sealing between elements.
FIG. 8 is a sectional view taken along line 8-8 of FIG. 7.
FIG. 9 is like FIG. 7 and shows another embodiment.
FIG. 10 is a sectional view taken along line 10-10 of FIG. 9.
FIG. 11 is a sectional view taken along line 11-11 of FIG. 9.
FIG. 12 is a sectional view taken along line 12-12 of FIG. 9.
FIG. 13 is similar to FIGS. 4, 6, 7, 9, and further illustrates sealing.
FIG. 14 is an elevational view of the front or upstream side of the filter of FIG. 13.
FIG. 15 is an elevational view of the back or downstream side of the filter of FIG. 13.
FIG. 16 is a perspective view showing the inlet end of a filter.
FIG. 17 is a perspective view showing the outlet end of the filter of FIG. 16.
FIG. 18 is a sectional view taken along line 18-18 of FIG. 17.
FIG. 19 is a sectional view taken along line 19-19 of FIG. 18.
FIG. 20 is a sectional view taken along line 20-20 of FIG. 18.
FIG. 21 is a perspective view showing the inlet end of an alternate embodiment of a filter.
FIG. 22 is a perspective view showing the outlet end of the filter of FIG. 21.
FIG. 23 is a sectional view taken along line 23-23 of FIG. 22.
Present Application
FIG. 24 is a perspective view of a filter in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 25 is a top elevation view of the filter of FIG. 24.
FIG. 26 is a perspective view like that in FIG. 24.
FIG. 27 is a top elevation view of a further embodiment.
FIG. 28 is like FIG. 24 and shows another embodiment.
FIG. 29 is a top elevation view of the filter of FIG. 28.
FIG. 30 is a perspective view of a filter element showing a further embodiment.
FIG. 31 is like FIG. 30 and shows a further embodiment.
FIG. 32 is a perspective view like FIG. 24 and shows another embodiment.
FIG. 33 is a front elevation view showing the filter of FIG. 32.
FIG. 34 is a perspective view like FIG. 24 and shows a further embodiment.
FIG. 35 is like FIG. 34 and further shows the filter element.
FIG. 36 is like FIG. 34 and shows a further embodiment.
FIG. 37 is like FIG. 36 and shows a further embodiment.
FIG. 38 is like FIG. 36 and shows a further embodiment.
FIG. 39 is a top elevation view of the filter of FIG. 37.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Prior Art
The following description of FIGS. 1-23 is taken from U.S. Pat. No. 6,482,247.
FIG. 1 shows a filter 10 including a housing 12 extending axially along axis 14 and having an inlet 16 at one axial end 18 of the housing and having an outlet 20 at a distally opposite axial end 22 of the housing. The housing is preferably plastic and provided by identical upper and lower half sections 24 and 26 mating along diagonal flanges 28, 30, lateral flanges 32, 34, diagonal flanges 36, 38, and lateral flanges 40, 42.
A pleated filter block is provided by pleated filter element 44 in the housing. The pleated filter element is pleated along a plurality of upper bend lines 46 and lower bend lines 48, which bend lines extend axially. The filter element has a plurality of wall segments 50 extending in serpentine manner between the upper and lower bend lines. The wall segments extend axially between upstream ends 52 at inlet 16, and downstream ends 54 at outlet 20. The wall segments define axial flow channels 55 therebetween, FIG. 2. The upstream ends of the wall segments are alternately sealed to each other, as shown at 56 in FIG. 2, to define a first set of flow channels 58 having open upstream ends 60, and a second set of flow channels 62 interdigitated with the first set of flow channels 58 and having closed upstream ends 64. The downstream ends 54 of wall segments 50 are alternately sealed to each other, as shown at 66 in FIG. 2, such that the first set of flow channels 58 have closed downstream ends 68, and the second set of flow channels 62 have open downstream ends 70. Fluid to be filtered, such as air, flows substantially directly axially through filter element 44, namely from inlet 16 through open upstream ends 60 of the first set of flow channels 58 as shown at arrows 72, then through wall segments 50 as shown at arrows 74, then through open downstream ends 70 of the second set of flow channels 62 as shown at arrows 76, then to outlet 20. It is preferred that at least a portion of each of inlet 16 and outlet 20 are axially aligned.
Filter element 44 has laterally distally opposite right and left axially extending sides 78 and 80, FIG. 1, defining first and second axially extending planes. The second axial plane at side 80 is parallel to and spaced from the first axial plane at side 78. Upper bend lines 46 provide a first or upper set of coplanar bend lines defining a third axially extending plane. Lower bend lines 48 define a lower or second set of coplanar bend lines defining a fourth axially extending plane. The fourth axial plane at lower bend lines 48 is parallel to and spaced from the third axial plane at upper bend lines 46. The third and fourth axial planes are perpendicular to the noted first and second axial planes. Upstream ends 52 of wall segments 50 define a first laterally extending plane, and downstream ends 54 of the wall segments define a second laterally extending plane. The second lateral plane at downstream ends 54 is parallel to and spaced from the first lateral plane at upstream ends 52. The noted first and second lateral planes are perpendicular to the noted first and second axial planes and perpendicular to the noted third and fourth axial planes.
A gasket 82, FIGS. 1, 3, is provided for sealing filter 44 to housing 12, such that air entering inlet 16 cannot bypass the filter element to outlet 20, and instead must flow through the filter element as shown at arrows 72, 74, 76, FIG. 2. Gasket 82 has a first section 84 extending along the noted first axial plane along right side 78. Gasket 82 has a second section 86 extending along the noted second lateral plane at downstream ends 54 as shown at 88 in FIG. 3, and also extending along the noted third axial plane at upper bend lines 46, as shown at 90 in FIG. 3. In alternate embodiments, second section 86 of gasket 82 extends along only one or the other of the noted second lateral plane at 88 or third axial plane at 90, but not both. Gasket 82 has a third section 92 extending along the noted second axial plane along left side 80. Gasket 82 has a fourth section 94 extending along the noted first lateral plane at upstream ends 52 of wall segments 50, and also extending along the noted fourth axial plane at lower bend lines 48, comparably to FIG. 3. In alternate embodiments, fourth section 94 of gasket 82 extends along only one or the other of the noted first lateral plane and fourth axial plane, but not both. Gasket 82 is preferably adhesively secured to filter element 44 along each of the noted gasket sections 84, 86, 92, 94, such that filter element 44 and gasket 82 are replaced as a modular unit. It is further preferred that the upper and lower surfaces of the gasket, such as 96 and 98, FIG. 3, be pinched and compressed between respective housing flanges such as 32 and 34, with such outer peripheral sandwich arrangement being held in assembled condition by any suitable means, such as clip 100, clamps, bolts, or the like. In alternate embodiments, other surfaces of the gasket may be used as the sealing surface against the housing. First and third gasket sections 84 and 92 extend obliquely relative to axis 14. Second and fourth gasket sections 86 and 94 extend perpendicularly to the noted first and second axial planes. Second and fourth gasket sections 86 and 94 are axially spaced, and first and third gasket sections 84 and 92 extend diagonally between second and fourth gasket sections 86 and 94.
FIG. 4 shows a further embodiment having a plurality of filter elements 44a, 44b, 44c stacked on each other. The filter elements have respective wall segments 50a, 50b, 50c with upstream ends 52a, 52b, 52c and downstream ends 54a, 54b, 54c. Upstream ends 52a, 52b, 52c of the wall segments are coplanar along a first laterally extending plane. Downstream ends 54a, 54b, 54c are coplanar along a second laterally extending plane. The second lateral plane is parallel to and spaced from the first lateral plane. The filter elements have respective laterally distally opposite right and left sides 78a and 80a, 78b and 80b, 78c and 80c. Right sides 78a, 78b, 78c are coplanar along a first axially extending plane. Left sides 80a, 80b, 80c are coplanar along a second axially extending plane. The second axial plane is parallel to and spaced from the first axial plane. The filter elements 44a, 44b, 44c have respective upper sets of coplanar bend lines 46a, 46b, 46c, and lower sets of coplanar bend lines 48a, 48b, 48c. The upper set of coplanar bend lines 46a of top filter 44a defines a third axially extending plane. The lower set of coplanar bend lines 48c of the bottom filter element 44c defines a fourth axially extending plane. The fourth axial plane is parallel to and spaced from the third axial plane. The third and fourth axial planes are perpendicular to the first and second axial planes. The noted first and second lateral planes are perpendicular to the noted first and second axial planes and perpendicular to the noted third and fourth axial planes. Gasket 82a has a first section 84a extending along the noted first axial plane along right sides 78a, 78b, 78c. Gasket 82a has a second section 86a extending along the noted second lateral plane along downstream ends 54a, and also along the noted third axial plane along upper bend lines 46a. In alternate embodiments, gasket section 86a extends along only one or the other of the noted second lateral plane along downstream ends 54a or along the noted third axial plane along upper bend lines 46a, but not both. Gasket 82a has a third section 92a extending along the noted second axial plane along left sides 80a, 80b, 80c. Gasket 82a has a fourth section 94a extending along the noted first lateral plane along upstream ends 52a, 52b, 52c, and also extending along the noted fourth axial plane along lower bend lines 48c. In alternate embodiments, gasket section 94a extends along only one of the noted first lateral plane along upstream ends 52a, 52b, 52c or the noted fourth axial plane along lower bend lines 48c, but not both. The construction in FIG. 4 provides a pleated filter block having one or more rows of wall segments 50a, 50b, 50c folded in serpentine manner between respective bend lines, and providing filtered fluid flow substantially directly axially through the filter block along axis 14. First and third gasket sections 84a and 92a extend obliquely relative to axis 14. Second and fourth gasket sections 86a and 94a extend perpendicularly to the noted first and second axial planes. Second and fourth gasket sections 86a and 94a are axially spaced, and first and third gasket sections 84a and 92a extend diagonally between second and fourth gasket sections 86a and 94a. 
FIG. 5 shows a further embodiment, and uses like reference numerals from above where appropriate to facilitate understanding. Filter 10a includes a housing 12a extending axially along axis 14 and having an inlet 16a at one axial end 18a of the housing and having an outlet 20a at a distally opposite axial end 22a of the housing. The housing is preferably plastic and provided by a box-like member 102 having an outer peripheral flange 104 mating with flange 106 of housing end 22a and pinching gasket 82b therebetween. Gasket 82b seals pleated filter block 44 or 44a in the housing. Unlike first and third sections 84 and 92 of gasket 82 in FIG. 1, first and third sections 84b and 92b of gasket 82b in FIG. 5 extend perpendicularly relative to the noted third and fourth axial planes. Like second and fourth sections 86 and 94 of gasket 82 in FIG. 1, second and fourth sections 86b and 94b of gasket 82b in FIG. 5 extend perpendicularly to the noted first and second axial planes. Gasket 82b has first section 84b extending along the noted first axial plane along right side 78 and also preferably extending along one of the noted lateral planes preferably the noted second lateral plane along downstream ends 54. Gasket 82b has second section 86b extending along the noted third axial plane along upper bend lines 46 and also along the noted one lateral plane preferably the lateral plane along downstream ends 54. Gasket 82b has third section 92b extending along the noted second axial plane along left side 80 and preferably along the noted one lateral plane preferably the lateral plane formed at downstream ends 54. Gasket 82b has fourth section 94b extending along the noted fourth axial plane along the noted lower bend lines 48 and also preferably along the noted one lateral plane preferably the lateral plane along downstream ends 54.
FIG. 6 shows a further embodiment and uses like reference numerals from above where appropriate to facilitate understanding. Filter elements 44a, 44b, 44c, 44d are stacked on each other. Gasket 82c corresponds to gasket 82b of FIG. 5 and includes corresponding gasket sections 84c, 86c, 92c, 94c. 
FIG. 7 is similar to FIG. 6 and uses like reference numerals from above where appropriate to facilitate understanding. Layers of sealing material 110, 112, etc. are between respective adjacent stacked filter elements, FIG. 8. In one embodiment, each layer 110, 112, etc. is impervious to the noted fluid to be filtered. In another embodiment, each layer 110, 112, etc. is pervious to such fluid and filters fluid flow therethrough. In the embodiment of FIGS. 7 and 8, each layer 110, 112, etc. spans the entire area between upstream ends 52 and downstream ends 54 and between right and left sides 78 and 80.
FIGS. 9-15 show another embodiment wherein the noted sealing layers of FIGS. 7 and 8 need not span the entire noted area between upstream and downstream ends 52 and 54 and right and left sides 78 and 80. In FIGS. 9-15, the noted sealing layers are provided by alternating strip layers such as 120, 122, 124, 126, 128, FIGS. 9, 10, including a first set of one or more upstream laterally extending strip layers 122, 126, etc., and a second set of one or more downstream laterally extending strip layers 120, 124, 128, etc., interdigitated with the first set of strip layers. Each strip layer 122, 126, etc. of the first set extends laterally between the right and left sides 78 and 80 at upstream end 52 and extends along the lower bend lines of the filter element thereabove and the upper bend lines of the filter element therebelow. Each strip layer 120, 124, 128, etc. of the second set extends laterally between right and left sides 78 and 80 at downstream end 54 and extends along the lower bend lines of the filter element thereabove and the upper bend lines of the filter element therebelow. A given filter element, e.g. 44b, has a strip layer 122 of the first set extending laterally along its upper bend lines at upstream end 52, and a strip layer 124 of the second set extending laterally along its lower bend lines at downstream end 54. Filter element 44b has no strip layer along its upper bend lines at downstream end 54, and has no strip layer along its lower bend lines at upstream end 52.
A first filter element such as 44a has a first strip layer 122 of the first set extending along its lower bend lines at upstream end 52, a second filter element such as 44b has a first strip layer 124 of the second set extending laterally along its lower bend lines at downstream end 54, a third filter element such as 44c has a second strip layer 126 of the first set extending along its lower bend lines at upstream end 52. The noted first and second filter elements 44a and 44b have the first strip layer 122 of the first set extending laterally therebetween at upstream end 52. The noted first and second filter elements 44a and 44b have no strip layer extending laterally therebetween at downstream end 54. The noted second and third filter elements 44b and 44c have first strip layer 124 of the second set extending laterally therebetween at downstream end 54. The noted second and third filter elements 44b and 44c have no strip layer extending laterally therebetween at upstream end 52.
As shown in FIGS. 13 and 14, the closed upstream ends of the noted second set of flow channels are closed by sealing material such as 130 at filter element 44a, 132 at filter element 44b, 134 at filter element 44c, 136 at filter element 44d. The closed downstream ends of the first set of flow channels are closed by sealing material such as 138, FIG. 15, at filter element 44a, 140 at filter element 44b, 142 at filter element 44c, 144 at filter element 44d. Lateral sealing strip 122, FIGS. 13, 14, is sealed to the sealing material 130 in the closed upstream ends of the flow channels of filter element 44a thereabove and is sealed to sealing material 132 in the closed upstream ends of the flow channels of filter element 44b therebelow. Lateral strip 122 may be adhesively bonded to sealing material 130, 132, or may be integrally formed therewith as in a hot melt application, or the like. Lateral strip 126 is sealed to sealing material 134 in the closed upstream ends of the flow channels of filter element 44c thereabove and is sealed to the closed upstream ends of the flow channels of filter element 44d therebelow. Lateral sealing strip 124, FIG. 15, is sealed to sealing material 140 in the closed downstream ends of the flow channels of filter element 44b thereabove and is sealed to sealing material 142 in the closed downstream ends of the flow channels of filter element 44c therebelow. The described sealing protects the downstream, clean areas of the filter from the upstream, dirty areas of the filter.
In FIGS. 9-15, the noted sealing layers are also provided by a right set of axially extending side edge layers 146, 148, 150, etc., FIGS. 9, 11, 12, 13, 14, and a left set of axially extending side edge layers 152, 154, 156, etc. Each side edge layer of the right set extends axially from upstream end 52 to downstream end 54 and engages the right side of the filter element thereabove and the right side of the filter element therebelow such that the right side of the filter element is sealed to the right side of the filter element thereabove and to the right side of the filter element therebelow. Each side edge layer of the left set extends axially from upstream end 52 to downstream end 54 and engages the left side of the filter element thereabove and the left side of the filter element therebelow such that the left side of the filter element is sealed to the left side of the filter element thereabove and to the left side of the filter element therebelow. Side edge layers 148 and 154 are optional because of the sealing provided by downstream lateral sealing strip layer 124. FIGS. 13 and 14 show deletion of side edge layers 148 and 154. The noted lateral strip layers and side edge layers protect downstream and clean areas of the filter are from the upstream and dirty areas of the filter. The noted strip layers and edge layers are preferably provided by adhesive such as hot melt, though other types of sealing strips may be used.
FIGS. 16-23 use like reference numerals from above where appropriate to facilitate understanding.
FIGS. 16 and 17 show a filter 200 for filtering fluid flowing along an axial flow direction 14, FIGS. 1, 2, as shown at inlet flow arrows 202, FIG. 16 and outlet flow arrows 204, FIG. 17. The filter has a pair of panels or rows of pleated filter elements 206 and 208. Each filter element has a plurality of pleats defined by wall segments 50, FIGS. 1, 2, extending along a transverse direction 210 between first and second sets of pleat tips at first and second sets of axially extending bend lines 46 and 48. Transverse direction 210 is perpendicular to axial direction 14. Each of the panels 206 and 208 extends along a lateral direction 212 perpendicular to axial direction 14 and perpendicular to transverse direction 210. Wall segments 50 extend axially between upstream and downstream ends 52 and 54. The wall segments define axial flow channels 55 therebetween. The upstream ends of the wall segments are alternately sealed to each other, as shown at 56 in FIG. 2, to define a first set of flow channels 58 having open upstream ends 60, and a second set of flow channels 62 interdigitated with the first set of flow channels 58 and having closed upstream ends 64. The downstream ends 54 of wall segments 50 are alternately sealed to each other, as shown at 66 in FIG. 2, such that the first set of flow channels 58 have closed downstream ends 68, and the second set of flow channels 62 have open downstream ends 70. Fluid to be filtered, such as air, flows substantially directly axially through the filter element 44 of each of the panels 206, 208, through open upstream ends 60 of the first set of flow channels 58 as shown at arrows 72, FIG. 2, then through wall segments 50 as shown at arrows 74, then through open downstream ends 70 of the second set of flow channels 62 as shown at arrows 76.
Panels 206 and 208 have a transverse gap 214, FIG. 16, therebetween at upstream end 52, and are sealed to each other at downstream end 54 by sealing strip 216 which may be part of cover flange 218 at the downstream end of filter housing 220. Gap 214 provides additional fluid flow axially therethrough as shown at arrow 222, FIG. 18, i.e. fluid flows axially through the filter as described above and shown at arrows 72, 74, 76, FIG. 2, and additionally flows through the filter as shown at arrows 222, 224, 226, FIG. 18. Housing 220 includes laterally extending sidewalls 228 and 230 generally parallel to panels 206 and 208 and spaced transversally on distally opposite sides thereof. Housing 220 also includes sidewalls 232 and 234 extending transversely between lateral sidewalls 228 and 230. Sidewalls 228 and 230 are preferably slightly tapered outwardly away from each other from upstream end 52 to downstream end 54 and are sealed at their upstream ends to respective panels 206, 208, and have transverse gaps 236, 238 formed between sidewalls 228, 230 and respective panels 206, 208 at the downstream end providing the noted additional fluid flow 226 axially therethrough. In one embodiment, the filter panels are sealed to the housing by adhesive, and in another embodiment, the filter panels are sealed to the housing by a gasket as above described. In a further embodiment, the flow direction may be reversed such that incoming fluid flow enters the filter at end 54 through flow channels 70 and gaps 236, 238, and exits the filter at end 52 through flow channels 58 and gap 214.
FIGS. 21-23 show a further embodiment and a use like reference numerals from above where appropriate to facilitate understanding. First, second, third and fourth panels or rows 206, 208, 240, 242 of pleated filter elements 44 are provided. Two transverse gaps 214, 244 are provided between panels at upstream end 52, and one transverse gap 246 is provided between panels at downstream end 54. An additional downstream transverse gap 236, FIG. 23, is provided between housing sidewall 228 and panel 206, and another downstream transverse gap 248 is provided between panel 242 and housing sidewall 230. Transverse gap 214 is between panels 206 and 208. Transverse gap 244 is between panels 240 and 242. Transverse gap 246 is between panels 208 and 240. The transverse gap between panels 208 and 240 at upstream end 52 is closed and blocked at the upstream end by sealing strip 250 which may be part of the upstream end of the filter housing. The gap between panels 206 and 208 at downstream end 54 is blocked and closed by sealing strip 216, and the gap between panels 240 and 242 at downstream end 54 is blocked and closed by sealing strip 252, which sealing strips 216 and 252 may be part of cover flange 218 at the downstream end of the housing. Fluid flows axially through the filter as shown at arrows 72, 74, 76, FIG. 2. Fluid additionally flows through the filter, FIG. 23, as shown at arrows 222, 224, 226, as noted above, and at arrows 222a, 224a, 226a. Additional inlet flow is enabled by transverse gaps 214, 244. Additional outlet flow is enabled by transverse gaps 236, 246, 248. In a further embodiment, the flow direction may be reversed such that incoming fluid flow enters the filter at end 54 through flow channels 70 and gaps 236, 246, 248, and exits the filter at end 52 through flow channels 58 and gaps 214, 244.
Present Application
FIGS. 24-26 show a filter 300 for filtering fluid flowing along an axial flow direction 302. The filter has at least one panel, and in the embodiment of FIGS. 24-26 two panels 304, 306, each having a pleated filter element 308, 310, respectively. Each filter element has a plurality of pleats such as 312 defined by wall segments 314 extending along a transverse direction 316 between first and second sets of pleat tips 318 and 320 at first and second sets of axially extending bend lines 322 and 324. Transverse direction 316 is perpendicular to axial direction 302. Each panel extends along a lateral direction 326 perpendicular to axial direction 302 and perpendicular to transverse direction 316. Wall segments 314 extend axially between upstream and downstream ends 328 and 330. The wall segments define axial flow channels 332 therebetween, for example like channels 55 noted above in conjunction with FIG. 2. As above, the upstream ends 328 of the wall segments 314 are alternately sealed to each other, as shown at 56 in FIG. 2, to define a first set of flow channels, e.g. 58, FIG. 2, having open upstream ends 60, and a second set of flow channels, e.g. 62, FIG. 2, interdigitated with the first set of flow channels and having closed upstream ends, e.g. 64, FIG. 2. The downstream ends 330 of the wall segments 314 are alternately sealed to each other, as shown at 66 in FIG. 2, such that the first set of flow channels, e.g. 58, have closed downstream ends, e.g. 68, and the second set of flow channels, e.g. 62, have open downstream ends, e.g. 70. As above, fluid to be filtered, such as air or other fluid, flows substantially directly axially through the filter, through the open upstream ends 60 of the first set of flow channels 58 as shown at arrows 72, then through wall segments 50, FIG. 2, 314, FIG. 24, as shown at arrows 74, FIG. 2, then through open downstream ends 70 of the second set of flow channels 62 as shown at arrows 76, FIG. 2. The dirty pre-filtered air is shown at stippled arrows 334. The clean filtered air is shown at arrows 336.
In comparing FIGS. 18 and 25, it is noted that the gaps between filter element panels 304 and 306 and between such panels and the sidewalls 338 and 340 of the housing are provided by angling the panels 304 and 306 in FIG. 25, whereas in FIG. 18 such gaps are provided by angling the housing sidewalls 228, 230. The downstream ends of housing sidewalls 338, 340 are sealed to respective filter element panels 304, 306. Gaps 342 and 344 taper to narrower transverse widths as they extend axially downstream. Gap 346 between filter element panels 304 and 306 tapers to a wider transverse width as it extends axially downstream. The upstream ends of the panels are sealed to each other at gap 346 by a sealing strip 348 extending along the noted lateral direction 326 and which may be like sealing strip 216, FIG. 18, noted above, and preferably having a leading aerodynamic shape such as a bullet nose. The top and bottom walls 350 and 352, FIG. 26 of the housing extend axially and transversely and are sealed to the upper and lower surfaces of the panels, as above, to prevent a bypass leak path. FIG. 27 shows another version with a single filter element panel 354. In each of FIGS. 24-27, and in the drawings noted below, the flow direction may be reversed, i.e. may flow from right to left, as also noted above in conjunction with FIG. 18.
FIGS. 28 and 29 show a further embodiment and use like reference numerals from above where appropriate to facilitate understanding. The filter includes third and fourth pleated filter element panels 356 and 358, comparably to the embodiment shown above in FIGS. 21-23. Transverse gap 360 between central panels 306 and 356 is open at its upstream end and tapers to transversely narrower width as it extends axially downstream. Gaps 346 and 362 between respective panels are closed by respective upstream sealing strips 348 and 364 and taper to wider transverse widths as they extend axially downstream. Gaps 342 and 344 are open at their upstream ends and taper to narrower transverse widths as they extend axially downstream.
FIGS. 30 and 31 show a further embodiment and use like reference numerals from above where appropriate to facilitate understanding. Pleated filter element 370 has wall segments 314 have progressively increasing separation therebetween along lateral direction 326 as the wall segments progress axially toward one of the upstream and downstream ends 328 and 330, to provide progressively increasing flow channel width along lateral direction 326. In FIG. 30, the lateral separation between the wall segments increases as the wall segments progress axially from upstream to downstream, i.e. left to right in FIG. 30. The pleated filter element panel has an upstream width 371 along lateral direction 326 equal to the cumulative flow channel widths along lateral direction 326 thereat. The panel has a downstream width 372 along lateral direction 326 at the downstream end equal to the cumulative flow channel widths along lateral direction 326. The downstream width 372 along lateral direction 326 is greater than the upstream width 371 along lateral direction 326. Housing 373 has a concording larger exit mouth 374 then entrance mouth 376.
FIGS. 32 and 33 show a further embodiment and use like reference numerals from above where appropriate to facilitate understanding. The filter includes first and second panels 380 and 382 of pleated filter elements. The first filter element panel 380 has a plurality of pleats, as above described, defined by wall segments 384 extending along a first transverse direction 386 between first and second sets of pleat tips 388 and 390 at first and second sets of axially extending bend lines 392 and 394. First transverse direction 386 is perpendicular to axial direction 302. First panel 380 extends along a first lateral direction 396 perpendicular to axial direction 302 and transverse to first transverse direction 386. Wall segments 384 of first filter element panel 380 extend axially between upstream and downstream ends, with such wall segments defining axial flow channels therebetween, and, as above, the upstream ends of the wall segments being alternately sealed to each other to define a first set of flow channels having open upstream ends, and a second set of flow channels interdigitated with the first set of flow channels and having closed upstream ends, the downstream ends of the wall segments being alternately sealed to each other such that the first set of flow channels have closed downstream ends, and the second set of flow channels have open downstream ends, such that fluid to be filtered flows substantially directly axially through the filter element, through the open upstream ends of the first set of flow channels then through the wall segments 384 then through the open downstream ends of the second set of flow channels. Second filter element panel 382 has a plurality of pleats defined by wall segments 398 extending along a second transverse direction 400 between third and fourth sets of pleat tips 402 and 404 at third and fourth sets of axially extending bend lines 406 and 408. Second transverse direction 400 is perpendicular to axial direction 302. Second panel 382 extends along a second lateral direction 410 perpendicular to axial direction 302 and transverse to second transverse direction 400. Wall segments 398 of second filter element panel 382 extend axially between upstream and downstream ends, as above, the wall segments 398 defining axial flow channels therebetween, the upstream ends of wall segments 398 being alternately sealed to each other to define a third set of flow channels having open upstream ends, and a fourth set of flow channels interdigitated with the third set of flow channels and having closed upstream ends, the downstream ends of wall segments 398 being alternately sealed to each other such that the third set of flow channels have closed downstream ends, and the fourth set of flow channels have open downstream ends, such that fluid to be filtered flows substantially directly axially through filter element 382, through the open upstream ends of the third set of flow channels then through wall segments 398 then through the open downstream ends of the fourth set of flow channels.
First and second transverse directions 386 and 400, FIGS. 32, 33, extend along respective first and second skewed projection lines intersecting each other at an apex 412, FIG. 33, and forming a V-shape therefrom. The V-shape is an inverted V-shape with an upper apex 412 and a pair of sides at 386 and 400 angled downwardly therefrom. The noted pleat tips 388 of the noted first set of pleat tips are at higher vertical levels, FIG. 33, then the respective pleat tips 390 of the noted second set of pleat tips, such that wall segments 384 of first filter element 380 slant downwardly from the first set of pleat tips 388 to the second set of pleat tips 390 at an angle greater than or equal to a friction angle of removed contaminant, such that contaminant slides along such wall segments and then drops as shown at arrow 414 to the bottom of the housing as shown at collection zone 416. The noted pleat tips 402 of the noted third set of pleat tips are at higher vertical levels then respective pleat tips 404 of the noted fourth set of pleat tips such that wall segments 398 of the second filter element 382 slant downwardly from the third set of pleat tips 402 to the fourth set of pleat tips 404 at an angle greater than or equal to a friction angle of removed contaminant, such that the contaminant slides downwardly along the wall segments 398 and then falls as shown at arrow 418 to collection zone 416. First and second lateral directions 396 and 410 are preferably parallel to each other.
FIGS. 34-39 show a further embodiment and use like reference numerals from above where appropriate to facilitate understanding. Pleated filter element panel 420 has a plurality of pleats, as above, defined by wall segments 314 extending along a transverse direction 316 between first and second sets of pleat tips 318 and 320 at first and second sets of axially extending bend lines 322 and 324. Transverse direction 316 is perpendicular to axial direction 302. The panel extends along lateral direction 326 perpendicular to axial direction 302 and perpendicular to transverse direction 316. Wall segments 314 extend axially between upstream and downstream ends 328 and 330 and define axial flow channels therebetween, as above, the upstream ends of the wall segments being alternately sealed to each other, FIG. 35, as above described, to define a first set of flow channels, such as 58, FIG. 2, having open upstream ends, and a second set of flow channels such as 62 interdigitated with the first set of flow channels and having closed upstream ends, the downstream ends of the wall segments being alternately sealed to each other such that the first set of flow channels have closed downstream ends, and the second set of flow channels have open downstream ends, such that fluid to be filtered flows substantially directly axially through the filter, through the open upstream ends of the first set of flow channels then through wall segments 314 then through the open downstream ends of the second set of flow channels.
In FIG. 36, the set of pleats tips 318 of FIG. 34 along axially extending bend lines 322 at upstream end 328 are flattened at 422 transversely along transverse direction 316 into respective flow channels such that the respective axially extending bend lines 322 bifurcate in a Y-shape and branch along diverging diagonally extending bend lines 424 and 426 at upstream end 328. The wall segments have respective triangular shaped portions 422 defined by and bounded by diverging bend lines 424 and 426 of the noted Y-shape. In one embodiment, the filter is mounted in a housing having a substantially flat sidewall sealing surface as shown in dashed line at 428 in FIG. 39, and the noted triangular portions 422 of the wall segments bounded by the noted Y-shapes are substantially flat and uniplanar and mate with the noted substantially flat sidewall sealing surface 428. In other embodiments, a pair of filter element panels 420 and 430, FIG. 37, each have the noted axially extending bend lines such as 322 and 432 which bifurcate in a Y-shape and branch along the noted diverging diagonally extending bend lines such as 424 and 434 at one or both of the upstream and downstream ends. The wall segments of each of the noted pair of filter element panels 420 and 430 at one or both of the upstream and downstream ends have respective triangular shaped portions such as 422 defined and bounded by respective diverging bend lines such as 424 and 426 of the respective Y-shape, with the triangular shaped portions of respective wall segments of the pair of filter elements bounded by respective Y-shapes being substantially flat and mating with each other, for example as shown at the flat mating engagement of bend lines 424 and 434. The opposite ends, e.g. the downstream ends in FIG. 37 may also have the noted bifurcation in a Y-shape providing the noted diverging bend lines such as 436 and 438, FIGS. 37, 38, for mating with other filter element panels or an enclosing housing.
It is recognized that various equivalents, alternatives and modifications are possible within the scope of the appended claims.

## Claims

1. A filter for filtering fluid flowing along an axial flow direction comprising at least one panel of a pleated filter element, said filter element having a plurality of pleats defined by wall segments extending along a transverse direction between first and second sets of pleat tips at first and second sets of axially extending bend lines, said transverse direction being perpendicular to said axial direction, said panel extending along a lateral direction perpendicular to said axial direction and perpendicular to said transverse direction, said wall segments extending axially between upstream and downstream ends, said wall segments defining axial flow channels therebetween, said upstream ends of said wall segments being alternately sealed to each other to define a first set of flow channels having open upstream ends, and a second set of flow channels interdigitated with said first set of flow channels and having closed upstream ends, said downstream ends of said wall segments being alternately sealed to each other such that said first set of flow channels have closed downstream ends, and said second set of flow channels have open downstream ends, such that fluid to be filtered flows substantially directly axially through said filter, through said open upstream ends of said first set of flow channels then through said wall segments then through said open downstream ends of said second set of flow channels, said wall segments having progressively increasing separation therebetween along said lateral direction as said wall segments progress axially toward one of said upstream and downstream ends, to provide progressively increasing flow channel width along said lateral direction.

2. The filter according to claim 1 wherein:
said panel has an upstream width along said lateral direction at said upstream end equal to cumulative flow channel widths along said lateral direction thereat;
said panel has a downstream width along said lateral direction at said downstream end equal to cumulative flow channel widths along said lateral direction thereat;
one of said upstream and downstream widths along said lateral direction is greater than the other of said upstream and downstream widths along said lateral direction.

3. A filter for filtering fluid flowing along an axial flow direction comprising at least first and second panels of respective first and second pleated filter elements, said first element having a plurality of pleats defined by wall segments extending along a first transverse direction between first and second sets of pleat tips at first and second sets of axially extending bend lines, said first transverse direction being perpendicular to said axial direction, said first panel extending along a first lateral direction perpendicular to said axial direction and transverse to said first transverse direction, said wall segments of said first filter element extending axially between upstream and downstream ends, said wall segments of said first filter element defining axial flow channels therebetween, said upstream ends of said wall segments of said first filter element being alternately sealed to each other to define a first set of flow channels having open upstream ends, and a second set of flow channels interdigitated with said first set of flow channels and having closed upstream ends, said downstream ends of said wall segments of said first filter element being alternately sealed to each other such that said first set of flow channels have closed downstream ends, and said second set of flow channels have open downstream ends, such that fluid to be filtered flows substantially directly axially through said first filter element, through said open upstream ends of said first set of flow channels then through said wall segments of said first filter element then through said open downstream ends of said second set of flow channels, said second filter element having a plurality of pleats defined by wall segments extending along a second transverse direction between third and fourth sets of pleat tips at third and fourth sets of axially extending bend lines, said second transverse direction being perpendicular to said axial direction, said second panel extending along a second lateral direction perpendicular to said axial direction and transverse to said second transverse direction, said wall segments of said second filter element extending axially between upstream and downstream ends, said wall segments of said second filter element defining axial flow channels therebetween, said upstream ends of said wall segments of said second filter element being alternately sealed to each other to define a third set of flow channels having open upstream ends, and a fourth set of flow channels interdigitated with said third set of flow channels and having closed upstream ends, said downstream ends of said wall segments of said second filter being alternately sealed to each other such that said third set of flow channels have closed downstream ends, and said fourth set of flow channels have open downstream ends, such that fluid to be filtered flows substantially directly axially through said second filter element, through said open upstream ends of said third set of flow channels then through said wall segments of said second filter element then through said open downstream ends of said fourth set of flow channels, said first and second transverse directions extending along respective first and second skewed projection lines intersecting each other at an apex and forming a V-shape therefrom.

4. The filter according to claim 3 wherein said V-shape is an inverted V-shape with an upper said apex and a pair of sides angled downwardly therefrom.

5. The filter according to claim 4 wherein:
said pleat tips of said first set of pleat tips are at higher vertical levels than respective said pleat tips of said second set of pleat tips such that said wall segments of said first filter element slant downwardly from said first set of pleat tips to said second set of pleat tips at an angle greater than or equal to a friction angle of removed contaminant such that contaminant slides along said wall segments of said first filter element and then drops to a collection zone at a bottom of a filter housing;
said pleat tips of said third set of pleat tips are at higher vertical levels than respective pleat tips of said fourth set of pleat tips such that said wall segments of said second filter element slant downwardly from said third set of pleat tips to said fourth set of pleat tips at an angle greater than or equal to a friction angle of removed contaminant such that contaminant slides downwardly along said wall segments of said second filter element and falls to said collection zone.

6. The filter according to claim 3 wherein said first and second lateral directions are parallel to each other.