The [17°] shows the physical meaning of the bending figure: it
is in fact the mean square radius of the bending of the route or,
otherwise, the power of the deformation described by R(2). To
give an idea about the possible values of F. in the cases of practical
interest, their values have been shown in table 2, according to
different bending percentages of the route, assuming that all the
bends of the route have the same bending radius. In (4), the
influence may be quantitatively observed of the intentional bends
and hence or F,, for some experimental links sither completed or
under laying aboard. Summing up in regard of the intentional bends,
the attenuation increase is given by: .

[18] AA=LF.M;

this relation may prove very useful in the route choice, once the
type of waveguide and hence TMM is fixed.

Numerical results computed are very close to those coming from
the expressions shown in 5 and 6 for the attenuation increase cal-
culation, if any discontinuity between curved and straight section
is not considered.

Taste 2 - Fe in km-* for differen bending radius and percentages
of curved route.

70 20 #30 4 5 6 7 8 ® 100
0 ~ ~o = & « 0 ~  « co
wa aD. 20, 160. 200. «240.280, $20. 300-400.
yoo. 1020.8... W100.
200 2.5 5 75 10. 12.5 15. 17.5 20. 22.5 25
moo. in 2292 393 444 555 666 777 8.88 10 ua
400~—C«O2S ~ 125 “187 25 3.125 3.75 4375 5. “5.625 625
500 A 8 12 16 2 24 28 32 36 4
10001 2 3 A Ss 6 4 8 9 1
~ 0 o o o 0 oo oo 0

15



4P

40

10

40"

10

sso)

10

Fig. 4

2A


a
C= VE + do, Vote
[10] D=uVorqe

whence: po Wa'(Ko — 1) — wf
wa'(1 — K,) + 02
2...
tits?

1 1
wo? + = oF + —
( uw ) ( * ww )

From these relations we see a doubly unequivocal correspondence
between wq values and pairs of C and D values.

K,=

Table 1 gives the C and D values in terms of Wg and the corresponding
Lg and Cz values as a result of relations [3].
4 - Calculation of the Noise

From the Figure 1 network one obtains the following expression for
the output noise power at the final filter:

N=<n()>=
oo +o 1°
ak* 43 ie ZalwyH(wHu(adPdo + AE [ity Ha(w)f'do +
= Ry Om J

se

te
{11] + ral [Zeca(w)Hi(w)|*dew + -

4 i. | ” ated |

ve

t

assuming:
Ay the voltage gain of the first amplifier
Ag the voltage gain of the second amplifier

Hz(w) the transfer function at no-load voltage of the first part of the
equalizer

Hzy(w) the transfer function at no-load voltage of the filter LC.

2yaq(o) the impedance from the standpoint of the second amplifier.



Southwest Radio is concerned, the expensive electronic equipment is
installed in Baden-Baden; for the NDR it is located in Hamburg.

But what does Stoltenberg want? By threatening murder, he wants to
drive the unloved Hamburg "Red Radio" to commit hara~kiri. The
Hamburg City Assembly, on the other hand, is playing lifesaver.

Oil drips from the official statement to the effect that no move
will be made to destroy the public structure of German broadcasting.

Those in Hannover were taken by surprise; at first they said both
yes and no. But as nonplused as he was, Minister Hasselmann still
let out a smidgen of truth: Improvements must be sought at the NDR,
especially in view of the inadequate attention to the concerns of
Lower Saxony in their reporting.

Hannover also yearns for its own governmental station, which would
be expected to assume the role of an electronic "government gazette."
But the reigning sovereign on the Leine /River/ would be equally
incapable of financing such an institution.

In the opinion of "Telebiss," the NDR will continue to exist for
the simple recson that it is too expensive, Operating costs --
not to mention investments -- run to 500 million marks per year.
Almost 80 million marks of this amount are deficits.

What Stoltenberg is seeking is nothing more than a so-called amend-
ing cancellation. Those in Kiel want henceforth to play a more
intensive and reliable part in deciding what will be broadcast out
of Hamburg, only they do not quite know how tc go about it. As the
voice of his lord and master, press chief Arthur Rathke let it be
known that the government desired greater orientation of certain
parts of the program toward journalistic soundness and responsible
journalism.

This is meaningless verbal nongense that deserves equally absurd
reaction. Hamburg's deputy mayor, Professor Biallas of the FDP,
was not to be outdone. He wondered aloud whether an NDR confined
to Hamburg should not also publish a daily newspaper in the future
-~ for purposes of rounding out the journalistic opinion picture.

It is difficult to decide whether Professor Biallas is a nitwit or
a@ sagacious man. He would be stupid if he believed it possible to
finance a daily newspaper on top of the NDRts deficits. One would
have to call him sagacious if his vaguely worded statement was
meant to suggest that henceforth the communications package should
be tied up differently. According to Biallas, if broadcasting can
get into the newspaper business, then newspapers can certainly go
into the broadcasting business.

41



ITALY

ATTENUATION INCREASE FOR INTENTIONAL, SERPENTINE BENDS IN LONG DISTANCE
CIRCULAR WAVEGUIDE

Rome NOTE, RECENSIONI, NOTIZIE in English Vol 25, Nos 3, 4, May-Aug 76

pp 134-147
[Brticle by

[ext]

8. Rogail7

1 - Inrropucrion

As it is known; the use of circular waveguides for long-distance
communication involves a number of problems because of the
low-attenuation TE,, mode energy conversion on unwanted modes
propagating in the frequency band of practical interest: any
waveguide deviation from the straight circular cylinder ideal geo-
metry does in fact determine a mode conversion, with an ensuing
transmission impairment. Of importance, in this connection, are
the intentional bends (required, for instance, for an actual route)
and the “serpentine” bends, the latter being caused by the elastic
deformation the waveguide undergoes for its own weight, owing
to the supports on which 1t rests.

The purpose of this work is to obtain the expressions for the
attenuation increase calculation relating to the said deformations,
which expressions are valid for any type of waveguide.

In the case of the “serpentine” bends, the theoretical example
is mentioned of the BICC guide, whose electrical and mechanical
characteristics are known in all their details (table 1): the results
obtained where found to be quite in agreement with the relevant
experimental data; these results are also intended to be a forecast
of the behaviour of the transmission medium in view of the instal-
lation of such guide at the field trial of Ozzano Emilia.

2.1 Intentional bends

In the case under review, as well as in that of the “serpentine”
bends, we will assume as valid the perturbation theory at the 2.0

() Dr. Ing. Sergio Rogal - Fondazione Ugo Bordoni.
(?) Work carried out at Centro Onde Millimetriche of Fondazione Ugo
Bordoni under the agreement with Istituto Superiore P.T.

9



WEST GERMANY

PRIVATELY PRODUCED VIDEOTEXT AUTHORIZED DURING BERLIN RADIO FAIR
Frankfurt/Main FEANKFURTER ALLGEMEINE in German 15 Jun 77 p 6
[Article: "Publishers Authorized To Show Video Newspaper"]

[Text] During the Berlin Radio Exhibition in August of this year, newspaper
publishers may circulate their electronically transmitted video newspaper,
videotext, throughout the cable network of the fairgrounds. "After thorough
examination of the circumstantial and legal situation," the Berlin City
Assembly yesterday decided to issue the clearance certificate applied for

by the Federal Association of German Newspaper Publishers (BDZV). Thus,

in addition to the videotext broadcast by the public television stations,

an electronic text-transmission system produced by private business will

be presented on the television screen for the first time during the exhibition.
The Federal Laender consulted beforehand by the Berlin Senat are now as
before of the opinion that videotext belongs within the realm of broadcasting
and that it is the prerogative of the Land broadcasting institutes to sponsor
this type of transmission. In their opinion this does not, however, apply
to the premiere presentation of this new technique at an exposition. The
newspaper publishers regard the new medium as a newspaper since the news
texts are transmitted with the aid of a new kind of electronic distribution
system.

7458
CSO: 5500 END

51



Answer: Hitherto the Hamburg Office of Audit has not been empowered
to conduct a comprehensive audit of overall business and budgetary
management. We want to change that. We intend to use negotiations
on a new contractual arrangement to make this right of audit perm
anent and binding and to adapt it according to scope and content

to the auditing procedures of other public institutions. Moreover,
we intend to make certain that the auditing offices of all the
Lands party to the contract are permitted to make an examination
and that the reports are made available to the governments and
parliaments.

Question: Who will actually pay off the debts in the theoretical
case of bankruptcy?

Answer: Herr Neuffer made a remarkable statement about that. In
case of bankruptcy the three founding Lands, as a "parent corpora-~
tion," would be liable for the institution's debts. It is interest-
ing to know that the Land government -- which in the director's
view should otherwise be merely an object of reporting or possibly
criticism -- may in the theoretical case of bankruptcy assume at
least the role of a parent corporation. On this point I can only
gay unequivocally that in no event will we accept the fact that one
day the Schleswig-Holstein taxpayers could be sharing the conse-
quences of the NDR's deficient and in some instances extravagant
financial policies.

Question: But why are you so late with your pualic criticism of
the NDP's financial policies?

Answer: Out of loyalty to the institution and its credit standing
for years, we attempted to submit our criticism in internal dis-
cussions and correspondence. We went to the public only after we
were forced to conclude that our arguments were repeatedly being
disregarded, and with a large measure of arrogance and in some
instances a lack of objectivity as well.

Question: Do you think, for example, that cable television is a
suitable lever to use in challenging the broadcasting monopoly?

Answer: Without a doubt, the new cable and media technol. ry offers
an important opvortunity to broaden the spectrum of opinion in our
media landscape, particularly as regards the monopolistic system
of public broadcasting institutions. We are therefore encouraging
the selection of as great a variety of experimental systems as
possible in the cable pilot projects. In our opinion, alternative
carriers should also be tried out here. This means that within the
framework of cable piloz projects, programing is not to be the cx-
clusive territory of the public broadcasting companies; the private
sector must have its chance as well. In this way we intend to make

49



Question: Is the NDR then truly tinged with red through and through?

Answer: I have always stressed that the great majority of NDR em-
ployees produce good journalism and also abide by the terms of the
government contract. This applies, let us say, in the case of news,
television plays or documentaries, but in many political broadcasts
such as "Panorama" journalists talk about almost anything without
having appropriate information or qualifications. Too often, ideo-~
logical blinders are taking the place of concrete knowledge.

Question: What should the new legal foundation be like, then?

Answer: We want to increase the very limited opportunities for the
democratically elected broadcasting boards to exert their influence
and the especially limited opportunities for legal control by the
state. These have already been expanded to a much greater extent
in other. government contracts involving Land broadcasting institu-
tions. But it has been our experience that even majority decisions
of the board of governors have simply not been acknowledged by the
director.

Question: Does this not indicate the desire for more influence
on program content?

Answer: Our opponents insinuate that we want a Stoltenberg govern-
ment broadcasting company. We wish only to make one of our Land's
most important instruments for forming public opinion into an insti-
tution that is capable of functioning once again, one in which
programing is again characterized by objectivity and exactness.
Right now we are faced with financial mismanagement and the fact
that the institution's organs are increasingly losing their ability
to function because leftist influences are politicizing the NDR in

a one-sided manner.

Question: Your critics in the ranks of the SPD and FDP charge you
with an "arbitrary political act" and political "extortion"...

Answer: ..eethereby missing the target completely. I do not under-
stand this commotion. We have resolved to take a step that is ex-
pressly proviced for in the government contract. If the SPD and
FDP are truly concerned about the NDR's future and not merely
about providing a new emotional push for its left-wing socialist
employees, then they should be joining with us to help solve these
serious problems, not sending up a smoke screen in order to divert
attention from the facts.

Question: At the NDR there is great uneasiness over your announce~

ment on the one hand, but on the other there is the hope that per-
haps it was only a warning shot not to be taken very seriously...

47



Then [28] becomes:

[29] A Apa t( WE _y “SP Palo + Oe (ng — AB)
4vEr -= nt) (Aa, |? + (20g —A 8B)
nxo ° :

S? (nc) de.

For the same reasons stated above, it is possible to replace
S?(n,¢) with a 3 of Dirac having an equal power, as we done in
sec. 2-2. This being made, [29] becomes

; why 3? 14" Pr[Aox| + Qu (Beg — AB)
30. A, = L(——— Sn — AE Se oT Wek NaS
[30] AA. (Wa col a | Aan? + (2x¢—AB,)?
nzo ~

x BC + —s) ds.
By [10], we obtain:

rat] AA, =E(—2E_ yp BL Pel Aol + Oe Cn (2/1) — ABo
. 427EI -? nf | Aa 7+ (27 (n/l) — AB) :
nzo

For N modes coupled with TE,, mode because of serpentine bends,
we have:

[32] AA= 2s a Ay.

Finally, the attenuation constant increase due to serpentine
bends is given by:

n
we wy tm 1 Pe[Aml+Q(2e 1 —AB)
3] ary = (eos a :
[88] Qe = (Gog Be ae hat Oe A BYE
nto U

19



Fig. 4 shows some of these curves, each of which has been calculated
for various values of the parameter a for wg = 2n x 107,

6 - Calculation of the Required Power

Based on what has previously been set forth, it is found that a
particular value of the signal/noise ratio H = s*/YN leaving the final
filter corresponds to each value of a and wgr for a Pz = 10-9, while the
value of W is fixed only by the parameter wg.

Table 1 shows some values of s*/V¥N (in natural values) in terms of
@ and og

Now having access to the values of YW and H for the various pairs of
a and wy values, we can calculate the value of a signal s* = H x YN for the
cases under investigation.

Keeping in mind that the network under investigation is linear, we
use § to represent the peak voltage value of the output signal when a
photocurrent is present in input whose maximum value is

hi = 1/van ot.

The s values corresponding to the previously made selections of a
and wg are reported in Table l.

Knowing in addition that the optical power in input is linked to the
photocurrent by:

®) a= % ay
ne
or also

A =
(c) P(t) = bv Te exp —[t*/(V2aT)']
ne
and furthermore that the energy required is:

(a) ea TM. Ryder
ne

the following expression is obtained for the average optical power per
impulse required to have a P, = 10-9:

.
(14) Poy = 2H
2yeT s

37



CONTENTS (Continued)

Stoltenberg's Relations With Local Broadcasting
Authority Examined
(Nina Grunenberg; DIE ZEIT, 22 Jul 77) sccccccceecccce

Stoltenberg Interviewed on Local Broadcasting Problems
(Gerhard Stoltenberg Interview; RHEINISCHER
MERKUR, 22 Jul 77) cscccccccccccccssvcccsccscvccsceaes

Privately Produced Videotext Authorized During Berling
Radio Fair
CFRANKFURTER ALLGEMEINE, 15 Jun 77) .cccccccececccccce

Page

43

46

51



K,* = R4,/(R'i1 + Ry)

represents the pulse pole under investigation.

. Assuming for the components the values deducible from Figure 1, from
the condition 1] = 1)*, we obtain the following values for Ry; and Cy

R,=40-7KQ

Cy = 123 pF

Now considering the effect of the capacitance initially disregarded
on the position of the pole under investigation, it is found that the
insertion of Cg produces two effects on the overall transfer function:

1) a small variation in the position of 1/t9*

2) creation of a new pole at a pulse far from that under investigation.

From (2), for polynomial equality we find for 1/12 anexpression which,
with respect to Rly, gives us:

a, Bet i BRC t
ABCC, ( 1 1 1

(8] R,=

- — +
RC, RC, RC,

te
and representing the new pole by 1/t3 we have:

1 R+R+ Rs
(9)  «RRGC. 1 RY,
G

Due to the preceding selections we obtain Rly = 98.46 2 and 1/t3 =
+ 3125 x 1010,

In dimensioning the components the filter LC was designed to have a
gain of Odb at the operating frequency in the transfer function of the same
filter so that the cutoff frequency at 3db of the total network is not altered,
as may be seen from Figure 2.

Representing the cutoff frequency of the total transfer function by
wo and the cutoff frequency of the final filter LC alone by w,, in order
satisfy the above-described specifics we obtain the following expres-
sions for Cand D:

30



$.1 Serpentine bends

By the term “serpentine” (7) we mean the elastic deformation
the waveguide undergoes for its own weight to the presence of
equally spaced discrete supports. In the case under examination the
waveguide between two supports deforms like a beam fixed at both
ends. The problem of the attenuation increase calculation due to
serpentines has been already dealt with in [8]; we will now take
it up again to deal with it in a way similar to that previously
adopted for the intentional bends, and this with a view to showing
how [25] of (3) has an altogether general validity, and also to
giving a calculation formula to be used for any waveguide, fre-
quency and mode. :

Assuming that also in this case the deformations may be
treated as small perturbations of the ideal geometrical structure,
and confusing therefore abscissa x with the axial coordinate z
(fig. 2) the deflection of the axis on the vertical plane is given
by (7) forO Zz Zl:

= BM ty zy
[19] Y= oer p OTT?

Fig. 2 - Serpentine between two successive supports. —

where .
w is the weight of the guide per unit lenght,
E is the Young module,
I is the moment of inertia of the section,
U is the support spacing.

16



10 (a8/hod

81.

005
o3)

4
i
1
!

cl

30 50 73 99: 19 f(GHz)

Fig. 9 - BICC waveguide: attenuation for serpentine bends due to TMu mode.

In practice, only TL, 7TM,,, and TE, must be taken into account,
Morcever, it is sufficient to consider only the first three or four
deformation harmonics. In fig. 3-6 the values are plotted- for the
BICC guide indicated in table 1, of the parameters used for the
calculation of [23]. in figures 7-10 the theoretical results of the
attenuation constant increase are shown for different support spa-
cing d (in meters). The data of figures 3-6 were obtained through
the Program PAGSM 9. The calculation of «,.,, was made taking
inte account the first three cr four harmonics of the deformation,
cbtaining negligible differences.

4 - ConcLusions
The problem of the attenuation increase computation for ser-

pentine and intentional bends was already solved, under particular
hypetheses. In this paper more gencral expressions are obtained;

22



So we have:
wPL * 1
[25] DO= ap gy 59
nfo
where
sinnL (7 —¢)
[26] s(2,.9) = = ————-—
aL (4 —9)

The power spectrum G (¢) is given by
[27] G@= + DOD

namely:

we ts 1
" = Lb (-- am a (0,0). .
(27) G(s) LC, ET 2 am (nz). S (m5)

nxo
mzo

3.3 Attenuation increase for serpentine bends

‘With reference to [27'] and [6], the increase attenuation for
TE,, mode caused by the k-th spurious mode, is given by:

wh, ge 17a] A an | + Qs (2ng — AB)
AA, =L Dam i | oh Be (OT WT EP)
(28) AA, = L(Y Lees J jAaP + Gme—A fi)" x
nx+o
mo

x S (ng). S (mE) de.
In the cases of practical interest L is in the order of kms and

lis in the order of meters. Thus for every n= m the contribution
of the product S(n,5).S(m,%) to the integral [28] is negligible.

18



Zz
oe

oy | Sy

~~

1

|

r
7

j

TM~

SF

OF st ¢

S8ast 2 so ass § SY

+ st

-
4
7

31



Since the modes coupled by the bending are characterized by large
|Ay.|, the bandwidth of Re [F..(¢)] is large too(3): it is then
sufficient for l, to have a not too small value to ensure that the

in?
term = may behave like a spectrum sampler and may be re-

placed with a 6 of Dirac. At any rate, expression [8] is independent
on the length of the general bend.

Let us denote:

[12] M, = + Re Fu,
nN

[13] M=OM,

were N is the number of the coupled modes, for the general i-th
curve we have then

4

Re

If we consider a section of route with K intentional bends, the
overall attenuation increase for a length L is given by:

(14) AA, =

(15) AA=M

-Me
Rip

Assuming that we may introduce an attenuation constant increase
for intentional bends, dividing [15] by the lenght L of the section
under consideration, we obtain

Toy 4h

[16) ae = ( TS Re M

2.3 Bending figure

In the second member of [16], there appear two independent
factors, one as a function only of the type of waveguide used, the

13



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we obtained:

(2] B,(s) =
4V,_ 4 wns
VRC. 5 BFR eR
RRR C's,
s+ 1
*
= K, -— pee
(5 + =i s+ +)
uh t
where = = 4 represents the zero of the equalizer while L and L
Tye C1 2 3

represent the poles.
With respect to the LC network indicating by:

R'g - the output resistance of the second amplifying stage
the cutoff resistance of the filter

Cc

Kz = 1/L3C5

Co = (R'4/L3 + 1/RoC3)
D = (Re + Rg)/L3C3Re

we obtain

Vs
Bi > = Ss Pes4D

(4)
Posulating that the zero of the equalizer 1/t,* is capable of

cancelling out the low frequency pole of the photodiode 1/t}, the following

expression is obtained for the transfer impedance of the entire receiver:

51 Bag) gg
Teel (+=) (s+ i] (#+cs+D)
sy oo Oy on

Antitransforming [5] one obtains:

(6] Zu(t) = Re + Re" + 26°*[a*coswet — P*senwet]

where:

28



ITALY

RECEIVER DESIGN FOR DIGITAL FIBER OPTIC COMMUNICATION SYSTEM

Rome NOTE,RECENSIONI,NOTIZIE in Italian Vol XXV, Nos 3-4, May-Aug 76 pp 109-120
{Article by C. Antodicola and F. Lombardi]

[Text] Introduction

‘The possibility of manufacturing low loss fibers (4db/km [1], has
opened the path to numerous applications in the field of communications.

The effective implementation of the systems will depend on various
factors, such as the distribution, cost of the fiber, information capacity,
cost of the terminals, etc.

The present. paper is concerned with designing a receiver for 8,448
Mbit/sec fiber optic telecommunication systems. The skeleton diagram of
the receiver is that assumed by Goell in [2].

In particular, the circuit under investigation consists of two trunks
separated by an amplifier stage: the first trunk is designed in such a way
as to fix a pole at the operating frequency, thus cancelling. out the low
frequency pole due to the capacity of the photodetector and to its load
resistor, while the second trunkhas the function of minimizing either the
intersymbol interference or the thermal noise of the entire receiver.

Alsorexamined are the sensitivity of the receiver to varying the

cutoff frequency wq of the final filter as well as the behavior from the
standpoint of the rate of error and the optic power required upon varying
the size of the input pulses.

The Gaussian form was chosen for the input pulses with a characteris-
tic parameter a=0/T (where o represents the r.m.s. of the Gaussian and T
the repetition period of the pulses). This is justified by the experi-
mental measurements made and by the results reported in previous papers.

This study was carried out disregarding in the calculations the
noise factor due to the current generation process in the photodetector
diode (shot-noise).

The vailidity of the results obtained was sound, comparing the present
results with those reported in [5].

25



ADMINISTRATIVE TELECOMMUNICATIONS CENTER--The present communications service
of the Directorate of Information and Security of Angola is going to come
under the direct jurisdiction of the prime minister, and will be known as

the Administrative Telecommunications Center (CTA), according to a decree
‘issued ‘by the office of president of the republic just published in the
official gazette. According to the aforementioned decree, the organic
statutes governing the Administrative Telecommunications Center just es-
tablished have also been approved. The purpose of the aforesaid center

will be to establish and ensure the radio communications considered neces-
sary in support of the executive department of the government, provide for
the security of the materials transmitted, and to keep in operating condition
the communications equipment and auxilliary components which constitute the
Administrative Telecommunications Network (RTA). On the other hand, accord-
ing to the published decree, the facilities belonging to the defunct Ministry
of Information which have to do with the communications service are also
transferred to the center just established. Finally, the Administrative
Telecommunications Network will be under the control of the center. [Text]
[Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 21 Jul 77 p 2) 7428

cso: 5500



ANGCLA

BRIEFS

DIRECT COMMUNICATIONS WITH CUBA~-According to an official announcement from
the Secretariat of State for Communications, direct telephone communications
will be established between Angola and Cuba starting today. The inauguration
of direct communications between the two countries will take place in con-
junction with the 26 of July commemorative ceremonies, and it is probable
that the speech to be given in Havana by Commander Fidel Castro will be
retransmitted directly by the Angolan National Radio at 2200 hours. Measures
are already being taken to insure technical coordination between the CTT
[Posts, Telegraph and Telephone | and EPTEL [Public Telecommunications Enter-
prise] for the purposes of the broadcast. Text] [Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA

in Portuguese 26 Jul 77 p 1] 10,992

PAN-AFRICAN TELECOMMUNICATIONS NETWCRK--Gabriel Tedros of Ethiopia has been
in Luanda since 11 July in representation of the International Telecommuni-
cations Union. The visit by this consultant is primarily for the purpose of
Studying the possibilities for incorporating the People's Republic of Angola
into PANAFTEL (Pan-African Telecommunications Network), which is being estab-
lished to interconnect the countries of Africa. During his stay, the repre-
sentative of the International Telecommunications Union has already visited
the telecommunications installations of the Luanda area, and in particular
the telephone exchanges, the satellite communications station at Funda, and
the Center for Vocational Training in Telecommunications and Electronics at
Luanda Airport. He was accompanied on these visits by the Director General
of Telecommunications, Comrade Humberto Bessa Victor, and also took the
opportunity to confer directly with the directors of the Fostal and Tele-
communications Services, Public Telecommunications Enterprise, and Civil
Aeronautics Service, and with top officials of the individual installations
visited. Tedros is scheduled to continue his stay in Angola for several
more days. [Text] [luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 26 Jul 77 p2]
10,992



Fig. 1 - Constant radius intentional general curve.

cther only of the route chosen. The bending figure of the route,
is then defined as:

1 LA
{17} F,= zr > Ri
whereby [18] becomes
{16} a, = F,M.

with reference to fig. 1, being 4, = R,6, [17] yields:

ary ne bee

L = R,
If we express L,l and R, in km, F, is expressed in kmTM* according
to [17].

Expression [17] may be generalized to the case of a variable in-
tentional bending; in this case

1 *

i" pe
ary ¥. Ld] R(2)

14



Of course all countries, in-
cluding Kenya, where the
Longonot earth station is loca-
ted, have bilateral agreements
with Britain for transmitting
their communications through
the Goon Hilly gateway sta-
tion.

The NEC representative, Mr
Yoda, auotes his company
. Stating that: “The relfabilitv
“of communications fof a Stand-
ard “R" station) depends on
the political goolwill and co-
operation of the government
owning the gatewav station.”
which tmnlies that some cov.
trol exists on the gateway sta-
tion.

According to Farooq Malik,
UBC’s Superintendent Engi-
neer, Goon Hillv is one of the
earth stations through which
many earth stations of world
are Jtoked. Sé Uganda would
not be an exception.

Melik maintains that almost
a earth stations have to abide

yy INTELSAT regulations, to
Which ‘Uganda is a signatory.
‘Thus if a country, after agree-
ing to let in and out another
country’s communications,
breaks any of these regulations,
the TM INTELSAT Board of Gov-
have the power to

Seelteh off” is earth station.

Basically, it seems, whether
it {s standard “A” or Standard
“B” from an arth Station,
signals have to be transmitted
to a satellite, stationed about
36,000 kms in orbit owned by
INTELSAT.

Except in very rate cases,
and from there to either other
earth Stations or directly to

At
41
h
&

at
(i
i

HT
i
H
i

ft will have an additional
eapacity of 12 channels, which
can be extended to 60 chanels.
All of these combined will be
capable of receiving and trans-
mitting telenhone, radio, telex,
end Tv (colour of monochrome)

In the Joint UTV-VOICE cis-
cussion, attended also by Mr
Louls Kerulik, Under Secre-
tary, Communications, Minis-
try of Transport, Communica.
tions and Works, I was Intores-
ted In knowing how the pro-
porad satelite station would
affect the already comnleted
Standard "B” station In Arua.

‘Wit ft make fhe Arua sta-
thon cholate or will It ha nos.
sible for the two to he coordl-
noted to sunmlement . each

The NEO representative sald
the two can be coordinated
Jointly to serve a national and
taternational communications
system.

More specifically, NEC has
recommended in a (proposed?)
symposium with the Uganda

‘temporarily” with
SAT’s Atlantic Ocean region

satelite.
the proposed Standard
on Sh Station ts completed, by

AT'S,
Indian Ocean region satelifte.
to offer Uganda international
communication with the Middle
an? Far Eastern regions

fe the ease. reports NEC
Exvot. Libyan Jamahiriyah,

land.
Alternatively, NEC is re.
commending that the Harris—

It wil be up to the Uganda
gevernment to consider and

- and i
what he wizards say, most re-

gions of the world will be
within reach of Uganda on the
touch of a button. Remember,
1978 {s not so far away.


v

500,
x 300.

a
10004 {48/m}

THY}

vita
ZATES

x
30 50 76 30 10 ¢(GHz)
Fig. 3 - BICC waveguide: attenuation of unwanted modes.

rd/o

Pr Prag

Wey

i
i
i
;

. ee)
a” — eneees eon isry
ne ee
tf tee
iy od
if
A rae
Vv
“A
30 $0 78 80 Ho #(GH2)

Fig. 4 - BICC waveguide: difference between the phase constants.
from TE and the indicated unwanted modes.

20



JPRS 69684

26 August 1977

TRANSLATIONS ON TELECOMMUNICATIONS POLICY,
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

No. 11

Reproduced From
Best Available Copy

DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A

Approved for Public Release
Distribution Unlimited

U.S. JOINT PUBLICATIONS RESEARCH SERVICE

20000331 113



WEST GERMANY

STOLTENBERG'S RELATIONS WITH LOCAL BROADCASTING AUTHORITY EXAMINED

Hamburg DIE ZEIT in German 22 Jul 77 p 9
/Article by Nina Grunenberg: "Stoltenberg's Dangerous Game!7

LBext7 The_same ugly refrain has been resounding for a long time
at the NDR/North German Broadcasting Network/: The CDU reproved
the director "for a lack of political impartiality"; the SPD re-
proved the CDU "for arbitrary political acts.""| The director went
to court to seek rights that the parties were indeed no longer
granting him. And there was nothing left for the editorial board
but to see "its worst expectations confirmed" once again.

This unmitigated lamentation was abruptly interrupted on 14 July

by CDU Minister-fresident Stoltenberg's threat of /contract/ cancel-
lation. The move came unexpectedly. True, politicians of cther
persuasions had secretly indulged in similar reflections. The
Hamburg FDP as well as the Schleswig-Holstein SPD -- both of then
Land associations ensconced on the left fringe of their own parties
-- have already conferred on changes in the structure of the tri-
Land institution. But no one in the SPD in Schleswig-Holstein,
Hamburg and Lower Saxony -- the FDP has little to say with regard

to the NDR -- caught on in time that Stoltenberg was just as serious
in his wrath toward the NDR as he has been saying repeatedly since
the Brokdorf demonstrations.

Now good counsel is dear, and where it is to come from, no one
knows. Ernst Albrecht, CDU minister-president of Lower Saxony, is
refraining from comment, a situation made easier for him by a
vacation in the Steiermark. But original thoughts on broadcasting
policy are rare in Hannover at any time.

Uans-Ulrich Klose, as Hamburg's chief mayor the third member of the
group of governmental heads responsible for the NDR, similarly
seems not to have understood yet that the NDR crisis opens up "for
@iscussion the basic conception of the public broadcasting system"

43



AUSTRIA

INTERNATIONAL SATELLITE BROADCASTING POLICIES DEBATED IN VIENNA

Frankfurt/Main FRANKFURTER ALLGEMEINE in German 5 Jul 77 p 2
[Article: "Discussion of Future Legal Maxims in Space"]

[Text] Ko. Vienna, 4 July. Is a state that undertakes direct television
transmissions via satellites obligated to request permission of a receiver-
state before broadcasting into that state's territory? This question gave
rise to tough debates at the 20th conference of the UN-Committee for the
Peaceful Utilization of Space, which came to an end over the weekend in
Vienna. Through the frequencies for direct transmissions via satellites
given away to interested states by the International Telecommunication
Union (ITU) in Geneva in January of this year a certain delimitation was,
indeed, attained, but the question of the intentional or unintentional
“overspill," the transmission of broadcasts into the territory of neighboring
countries, was not solved by this. Technically such an "overspill" cannot
be completely eliminated. It would be easy, on the other hand, to amplify
it still further.

The fundamental question remains, therefore, what rights a state is to have
which is the victim of the transmission of direct television broadcasts via
satellite not acceptable to it. In the UN Space Committee, of which 37
states are members -- only 34 took part in the Vienna conference though --
there was far-reaching agreement that in such cases there should be consul-
tations and, if need be, interstate agreements between the transmitter-state
and the receiver-state in order to clear up conflicts that have developed on
a bilateral level. A number of states, of course -- especially those of
the East bloc countries, but also various developing countries -- desire
that the United Nations establish an obligatory character of such consultations
with certain rights of intervention, the Western industrial states, on the
other hand, are pushing for a rather loose formulation of these rules.

Apart from this question, which is henceforth being further considered by a
subcommittee, the Vienna meeting produced such far-reaching agreement con-
cerning particular international principles governing the new communications



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5500

cso:



This comparison shows a diverse worsening of performance according

to the value of a but contained within acceptable limits, for which
reason in view of the simplicity of design of the receiving network
analyzed here, a subsequent investigation might prove interesting at
frequencies of higher figures than those to which reference is made in
the present paper.

8359
cso:

BIBLIOGRAPHY

S. D. Personick: “Optimal trade-off of mode-mixing optical filtering
and index difference in digital fiber optic communication systems."
B.S.T.J3., Vol. 53, n. 5, May-June 1974, pp. 785-800.

J. E. Goell: "An optical repeater with high-impedance input ampli-
fier", B.S.T.J., Vol. 53, n. 4, April 1974, pp. 629-643.

B. Daino, F. Lombardi: "Ottimizzazione di un sistema di trasmissione
su fibra ottice", LXXV, Riunione Annuale AEI, Roma, September, 1974

F. Lombardi, G. Orlandi: "Design considerations for receiver for
digital-optic communication systems", Electronics Letters, September,
1975, Vol. 11, n. 18.

S. D. Personick: "Receiver design for digital fiber optic communica-
tion systems", B.S.T.J., Vol. 52, n. 6, July-August 1973, pp. 843-885.

F. Lombardi, G. Orlandi: "Receiver design and equalization for
digital fiber optic communication systems", August 1975, To be
published.

L. Giacomelli, R. Pietroiusti, A. Roveri: "Transmission impairments

due to impedance irregularities of the 2.6/9.5 mm coaxial cable in
a high-capacity PCM systems", 1975, to be published on Alta Frequenza.

5500

39



1 - Model of the Receiver

The receiving chain (Figure 1) consists of a PIN type photodiode,
a preamplifier, a balancing system, a second amplifying stage,an LC
network, and a load Ra which represents the input impedance of a possible
decision mechanism.

The balancing network is made necessary by the fact that the photo-
diode has a FET type high impedance input amplifying stage. The use of
this amplifying stage permits the cancellation of the pole at low fre-
quency of the transfer function of the entire unit photodiode + amplifier
andthe formation of a new pole at the frequency under investigation.

The transfer function of the network that satisfies the above-
described specifics consists of a zero and two poles. One of the two poles
is the one that is fixed around the frequency under investigation, while
the position of the other is chosen based on a criterion that optimizes
the ratio between the amplitude of the output signal and the noise intro-
duced by the internal receiver.

The input impedance of the second amplifier is considered an integral
part of the equalizer.

2 ~ Calculation of the Transfer Function of the Receiver

As may be seen in Figure 1, disregarding for the moment the noise
generators of the two amplifiers, indicating by:

Rp - The parallel between the resistance of the diode and of the
amplifier

Cp - the sum of the capacitance of the diode and of the input
capacitance of the amplifier

t, = Rp C

Ki = ep.

Vy - the input voltage of the first amplifying stage

JI, - the photocurrent

one obtains:
“ZylS) = =
{1]

With respect to the network indicated in Figure 1 with #, we assume:

Rr, ~ The parallel of Ry with the input resistance of the video
amplifier

- the output resistance of the video amplifier

- the input capacitance of the video amplifier

R
a
Ry = A/Ry Clq

27



(Peter Christian Hall in "medium"). Indeed, the carelessness with
which both SPD and CDU are treating the NDR borders on the adventur-
Ouse.

Even Gerhard Stoltenberg does not want to let the NDR "fall apart."
With his threat of last Thursday he wants to achieve only that
which in his opinion has always been his due but has been denied
him by the NDR: fair treatment. He considered the latest blatant
abuse to be the NDR's' reporting on Brokdorf.

Brokdorf is a name that has become a bitter fixation with Stoltenberg.
This ig not only because his CDU government in Schleswig-Holstein

had to go out on a limb for the Bonn SPD/FDP government's energy
program, but also because Stoltenberg the tonservative politician of
order, equipped with neither compassion nor vision for the concerns
and nuclear fears of the younger generation, saw the state in serious
danger there, undermined by the "devotees of chaos" and the critical
view of the NDR on this subject.

In the second place, Stoltenberg’s burning intcrest in the NDR is
explained by his party's bare majority in the provincial legislature
in Kiel. Wherever voter margins are becoming increasingly smaller,
politicians increasingly believe that they have a right to support
and aid from the media. Stoltenberg'’s attack on the NDR thus defin-
itely relates to the Schleswig-Holstein legislative elections sched-
uled for 1979.

Thirdly, the NDR's 80-million-mark deficit enrages Stoltenberg. The
institution's hitherto rather modest cost-cutting deliberations are
viewed in Kiel as proof that the “LR not only does not seriously
intend to economize but at best intends in case of bankruptcy to
shift its debts to its so-called "parent corporation" -~ to Schleswig
Holstein, Lower Saxony and Hamburg. To be sure, Stoltenberg's rage
becomes less convincing in view of the fact that the parties on the
NDR's board of governors, his own party included, have given their
blessing to the institution's budgets.

Right for the Wrong Reasons

Those in Kiel wish to make specific changes in the following points
of the government contract with the NDR: first of all, legal control
which has been exercised by the Land where the NDR is located, the
Hanseatic City of Hamburg, acting for the other two Lands, The Kiel
view is that legal control should rotate among the three Lands so
that each of them can have a turn at "fulfillment."

Secondly, Stoltenberg wants very much to give a more concrete final
form to the prosram principles formulated in the government

4b



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76



SECOND EARTH STATION TO GIVE GLOBAL COMMUNICATION

Kampala VOICE OF UGANDA in English 25 Jul 77 p 5

[Brticle by Zulf Khalfan/

ANOTHER earth satellite station will mushreom on U; "

2 et an fvo Yea n on Uganda’s landscape
. ough it will follow the alread y completed — and about to be com-

missioned — Arua earth station, it was in Nract the originally planned

earth station for the country.

This one will be a much bigger project than
the Arua one, both in costs, size, and capacity.
Technically, it will be known as earth satellite
station Standard “A”, while the Arua station is

[ext]

known as Standard “B”.

For the laymar, how-
ever, the basic structu- /
ral features of the two.
main types of earth’
stations are more or
less the same in ap-
pearance — the main
apparent difference be-
ing in ‘their relative
sizes.

Each consists of a dome~
shaped structure or antenna,
sometimes called the “dish”,
a microwave link tower, ‘a
power station with stand-by

power generators, and
administrative offices.

The TV link is two-way cap-
able of receiving and transmit.
ting, telecasts between the In-
ternational Telephone Ex-
change in Kampala, and the
UTV studios at Nakasero Hill.

Similarly, the microwave
Mink fs for telephone and TV
signals between the earth sta-
tion and the International Tele-
phone Exchange.

The Standard “A” station will
have a fully electronic telex
switching system, with an ini-
tlal_capacity of 24 trunks.

‘While the Arua standard “B”
station -wii have to use only
One satellite station to get its
transmissions in and out of the
country known as “gatewav”
station. the provosed Standard
“A” station will be capable of
communicating thromzh a nnm-
‘ber of satellites — at least this
fs how those in the know put

it.

In a joint TITV-VOICE dis-
el recently, with repre
gentatives of Nipoon Electric
Co Ltd (NEC) of Javan, con-
tractors of the vronosed Stand-
ari “A” station, those of the
Posts and Telecomm:, and
Ministry of Transport, Commu-
ricattons, and Works it was in-
dicated by the Posts’ Chief Pro-
ject Engineer Mr Eliphaz Mba-
baali, that most of the planning
work for the civil work on the
site, 16 km from Kampala,
somewhere near Mukono, has
been completed.

According to the information
given by the Harris Corp —
contractors for the Arua sta-
tion — the gateway station for

*

UGANDA

the Arua s tation
will be Goon Hilly
and from there fo various
points, while according to the
NEC renresentative, Mr Kenvi
Yoda, Gen Merager for Com-
munication Svstems Division
the vronored Standard “A”
station will be cavahle of link-
ing with a number of countries
directly.

Some of these links will be
on a “pre-assigned” basis. that
is they will be permanent,
while some of them will be on
“demand basis,” that is they
will be available only when
required.

The Arua station was a
short-term project started and
completed within 2 record time,
mainly to make Uganda inde-
pendent in her cammunica-
tions with the outside world.

However, some questions
have been raised since the
public came to know of the
Arua Satellite Station, on the
degree of independence of that
station.

In_an earlier interview with
the VOICE a Harris Corp. re-
presentative maintained that
though the Goon Hillv earth
station is in Brilain, according
to INTELSAT regulations. Bri-
tain cannot interfere with anv
communications from various
points and conntries,



In general, the curvature of a function y = f(z) is given by

oy
1 . dr
[20] =
R(x) yy | an
14+(-4 ¥]

Since we are concerned with small deformations, we have ie [<1;

thus, by [19], the curvature of the waveguide for 0 Z x 2:1 be-
comes:
1 wP 6z 6x

= 1— .
faa R (zx) ieei ‘ 1 + Pe )

3.2 Deformation spectrum

The actual curvature of the waveguide due to equally spaced
supports is a periodic function with period 1; the expression for
every z is given by the Fourier series:

1. we te 1 te
22° =F a
1 R@ "ive 2 '
nto

If we introduce the spatial frequency ¢ and assuming D (¢) =
= F[1/R(¢)], there will result:

wl ed 1 n
2: D = sda , = — —f).
[23] «) 40 EF = ar) a( i 9)

no

In the case of a section of route of a lenght L, the curvature
is defined for 0 < x < L only, hence its F - transform (¢) is obtained
fram the convolution of [23] with the F-transform H (x) of the
rectangular pulse of unit amplitude and L width:

sin (x Lo)
24 H(j =p Sey
[24] 19) (ne)

17



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34



eer

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35



possible fruitful competition that promotes a variety of opinions.

Question: Are you also thinking of participation by the regional
press here?

Answer: Yes. We must be clear on one point: Cable television will
develop in the local and regional sectors in particular, since once
a city or town has been "cabled," the way will be open to local
television without large technicel and financial outlays.

Question: The government contract with the NDR, however, is still
in conflict with the idea of a greater variety of views in the field
of broadcasting in that the contract grants exclusively to the NDR
the broadcasting monopoly for the territory encompassing the three
Lands party to the contract...

Answer: ...But according to precedents of the Federal Constitutional
Court, the present legal status is in no way an imperative because

of technical developments that have been made in the meantime. So
the Lands are not obligated to establish or sanction such a monopoly
for a public institution. Also with a view to new developments in
media technology, we shall therefore investigate just how much reason
there is to use new regulations to broaden the spectrum of opinion
in the field of broadcasting as well.

7458
cs0: 5500

50



a
(éBiom)
tol

/
fs ‘ y
Nae
I
Ou L Li
30 50 70 80 10 4(GHz)

Fig. 10 - BICC waveguide: attenuation for serpentine bends due to RE: mode.

these expressions are consistent with the mathematical procedure
already used at the C.O.M. in view of solving analogous problems.

The final formulae were programmed and entered as. subpro-
grams in the Program PAGOM; so PAGOM is able to perform a
complete analysis about an actual link wich make use of the circular
waveguide as transmission medium.

23



JPRS 69684

26 August 1977

_ TRANSLATIONS ON TELECOMMUNICATIONS POLICY,
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT |

No. 11
CoNTENTS

SUB~SAHARAN AFRICA

ANGOLA
Briefs
Direct Communications With Cuba
Pan-African Telecommunications Network
Administrative Telecommunications Center
UGANDA
Second Earth Station To Give Global Communication
(2ulf Khalfan; VOICE OF UGANDA, 25 Jul 77) .eccccscecece
WESTERN EUROPE
AUSTRIA
International Satellite Broadcasting Policies Debated in Vienna
(FRANKFURTER ALLGEMEINE, 5 Jul 77) scccccscccecsccsccece
ITALY
Attenuation Increase for Intentional, Serpentine Bends
in Long Distance Circular Waveguide
(S$. Rogai; NOTE, RECENSIONI, NOTIZIE, May-Aug 76) ..ss..
Receiver Design for Digital Fiber Optic Communication System
(C, Antodicola, F. Lombardi; NOTE, RECENSIONI,
NITIZIE, May~Aug 76) sssccccccccccccssccccccccccccccccce
WEST GERMANY

Influence of Politics on Broadcasting Discussed
(DIE ZEIT, 22 Jul 77) eee de eccaccccccreccccccccconcccce

PaGE

yew

25

40

-a- (III - INT - 140]



Each in his way, Stoltenberg and Biallas have hoisted a signal.
Public broadcasting is being mismanaged -- in the financial as well
as (and particularly) in the journalistic sense. Many journalists
within the "system" -~ the good ones in particular -- would prefer
a hard-headed publisher as a supervisor rather than a director
dependent upon party directives.

Just how wretched this public system really is, with its queer
constituent supervisory bodies, has just been shown in Saarbruecken.
Chosen as the director there was a party hack, not a journalistic
expert -- of which there were several to choose from. In future
the deputy president of the provincial legislature will preside
over the station.

The conclusion for "Telebiss" is this: Radio and television are too
important for all of us to be left to selfseeking politicians.
Stoltenberg has sounded the alarm, and he quite obviously has not
reflected upon the reaction.

7458
CSO: 5500

42



WEST GERMANY

INFLUENCE OF FOLITICS ON BROADCASTING DISCUSSED
Hamburg DIE ZEIT in German 22 Jul 77 p 9
“article by "Telebiss": "The Kiel Killers!'7

Lext7 Broadcasting is the business of the Lands and must be con-
ducted pluralistically. This valid, wise and porous judgment stems
from the Federal Constitutional Court. There is not much that can
be made of it -- or, quite the contrary, if one wants to make some~
thing of it, one can make everything of it. Stoltenberg, for
example.

The Kiel minister-president wants to kill off the NDR/North German
Broadcasting Network/, and there is no doubt that he could do ite
Since the tri-Land institution is based on a government contract,
a cancellation -- correct, incontestable and with due notice --
would make the Hamburg station a nullity.

But what then? Stoltenberg's threat would be truly alarming only

if the poor Land of Schleswig-Holstein were in a position to estab-
lish its own broadcasting company. But the Kiel killers know full
well that this is impossible. Broadcasting is expensive, especially
when television transmission is included. A fully equipped station
on Kiel Bay would require investments estimated at a billion. marks
in the initial years.

And here Stoltenberg has to pass. He, like other provincial heads,
would like very much to have his own private station. His party
associate Kohl wanted the same when he was still minister-president
of Rhineland-Falatinate. It annoyed him that his little Land was
doomed to provincialisem in the matter of broadcasting policy and
that, to make matters worse, every programing decision he would so
like to have made or passed judgment on was being made by the direc-
tor in the resort city of Baden-Baden, the headquarters cf Southwest
Radio. But Kohl's cronies did some figuring, the result being that
it would be too expensive for the Rhineland-Palatinate to have its
own station. The investment-train pulled out years ago. As far as

40



Tante 1 - Electrical and mechanical characteristics of BICC waveguide

type of waveguide helix
internal diameter 50 mm
dielectric thickness 3.1 mm
tr of dielectric . 3.95

tgé of dielectric 0.01

wire cross section 0.1214 mm
enamel thickness 0.02

«, of enamel 0.0 m
unit lenght 30m
Young module 10 N/m?
moment of inertia 2.486 10-7 m*
unit weight 15 Ke/m

order (1), (2) of the coupling among the TE,, mode and the propaga-
ting unwanted modes, supposing to this purpose that the guide
deviation from the ideal geometry may allow to move in the fra-
mework of this hypothesis, As it is known, this way of operating
makes is possible to analyze the problem taking into account the
coupling between the TE,, mode and one unwanted mode at a
time, and then adding up each partial contribution thus obtained,
in view of the overall attenuation increase calculation. No account
will be taken, either for the intentional bends or for the serpentine
bends, of the coupling involving the reflected waves, such a pheno-
menon being assumed as negligible.

2.2 Attenuation increase calculation

Reference is made to the general i-th bend, J, long, letting R, (2)
be. the bending radius with z longitudinal current abscissa origina-
ting where the curve itself starts. For a bending, the coupling coef-
ficient between the TE,, mode and the k-th unwanted mode, is
given by (3) :

0) en (2) =

Riz)’

10


Expression [6] then becomes

8) - 2 pee Py | A ax | + Qu (275 — AB.) ae,
Gly | Aa? + (225 — 4B.)

Replacing the = within the integral, with a 8 of Dirac of an

equivalent power (*), expression [8] becomes:

[9] AAG = he Fae Py {A ae] + Qs (205 — 46.)

[Aoi + (2x¢— AB)

ds.

Since for generic function f (zx) is

+0

(10) fa = | Wfe—Hae.

<2
we have

1 Pe[ Son} —Qe > ABs
1 By = Pel A tal Ge 2 AF
4] R? [Maul + (480°

The é- substitution is dependent upon the behaviour of term

ane vis-a-vis the other factor of the function to be integrated.
,

to to
aint (BLD)

(eho a

(*) Ik must be | ABZ(O dS =
-o nated
with A power of 5, on the other hand, since
to
i] mR? 2p, itisthen A= +

12



* [12 Sponsoring Organization Name and Address

BIBLIOGRAPHIC OATA |]. Report No, JPRS 69684 2. 3. Recipient's Accession No.

a Tile and Subtiele 5. Report Date
TRANSLATIONS ON TELECOMMUNICATIONS POLICY, RESEARCH 26 August 1977
AND DEVELOPMENT, No. 11 6.

7. Author(s) 8. Retforming Organization Rept.

jo.

9. Performing Organization Name and Address 10. Project/Task/Work Unit No.
Joint Publications Research Service
1000 North Glebe Road V1. Contract /Grant No.

Arlington, Virginia 22201

13. Type of Report & Period
Covered

As above

14,

15. Supplementary Notes

16. Abstracts

This serial report contains translations from the world press and radio relating
to worldwide political, economic and technical developments in telecommunications,
computers, and satellite communications. Coverage will be worldwide with focus

on France, Federal Republic of Germany; United Kingdom, Italy, Japan, the USSR,
People's Republic of China, Sweden, and the Netherlands.

17. Key Words and Document Analysis. 17a. Descriptors

Worldwide

Computers

Satellite Communications

Electronics and Electrical Engineering
Telecommunications

Telemetry

Wb. Identifiers “Open-Ended Terms

We. COSATI Field/Group Q9B, C, F, 17B, 228

18. Availability Statement 19. Security Class (This 21. No. of Pages
Unlimited Availability Report) D 53
Sold by NTIS . Security Class (This 22. Price
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THIS FORM MAY BE REPRODUCED UscommeDe 14982°P72



—_——.

As will become clear in the text below, the gain of the second
amplifier is non-essential for the successive developments and is there-
fore considered equal to 1.

For sufficiently elevated values of A,, it can be observed that the
thermal noise introduced by the second amplifier is negligible with respect
to the preceding one.

Under these conditions, indicating with:

y,= 2ke
Tu
Y, = KsKiK}/R
[12] P, ={ oe 1 1
} fot + (C— 200" + DY ( of + <2) (e+ *\

¥, = K?Ks/9m ~

7 |

r= [ wd.
1 (ot + (C= 2D but + DIY (a +

relation [11] can be written

(13) N = Y;{Y¥,P, + YP;}

Table 1 gives the values of W in terms of ge

5 - Calculation of the Signal/Noise Ratio for a Fixed Pe

Considering a Gaussian form input photocurrent characterized by the
parameter a, by doing digital convolutions we find various forms for the
output signal corresponding to the various selections for the parameter
w, as shown in Figure 3, in which a normalization has been carried out with
respect to the maximum value.

For each pair of values a and wy, it is possible to calculate the
course of the probability of error Po in terms of the ratio S/YN, between
the peak value of the signal at the moment of sampling and the effective
value of the noise. To continue this calculation, some results of which
are shown in Fig. 4, we used the method reported in (7).

33



r a
% 58 70 cr] tio ¢(6H2)
Fig. & - BICC waveguide: coupling coefficient module.
fad
5
3 ee a
1
)
3
1 “£6 TE
88 ae
03
<0 Tey
or _
00s

50 1 90 110
Fig. 6 - BICC waveguide: coupling coefficient argument.

21



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contract with the NDR. He believes this to be the only way to
obtain that "program balance" that he sees violated by the NDE
journalists.

Gerhard Stoltenberg has begun a dangerous game with his threat of
cancellation. He started the race, but whether he can still control
its course is questionable. In truth, his CDU is upset about very
few people in very few programs, and it is right in this regard.

But it is right for the wrong reasons. “Objective reporting" at

the NDR will be impossible as long as the parties continue to
apportion among themselves positions and editors and enlist their
sympathies for their own interests, and as long as the employees
continue to earn their freedom to maneuver not through good journal-
ism but through membership in the SPD's Ahrensburg group or friend-
ships in the CDU.

There is no one among the politicians who exercise control within
the NDR's board of governors who might have the stature and the
will to "grab the tiger by the tail" and take Stoltenberg's con-
cerns seriously. The flags of both CDU and SPD are signaling
struggle and strife. This could bring the breakup of the NDP
although no one actually wants it. It is for this very reason
that Stoltenberg's game is risky.

7458
csO: 5500

45



R, = 1/{8—A)(4"—AC + D)

R, = 1/ (A—B) (B’— BC + D)

at = —F+ R)
1 1 ij
a )— Ca* —-. [1— D(BR,
an} Cut + FZ (1— DBR, + ABD)

a aR

a)
*
"

s/q

o = VD— CA

| 3 - Dimensioning of the Components of the Network

We used the following method for dimensioning the equalizing network:

- we initially disregarded the capacitance C4 and found the transfer
function thus modified; |
- we imposed the requirement either that thishave the zero 1/1,*
coincident with the pole 1/1, which we wish to cancel out, or that
the resistance R’, be as high as possible compatible with the fixed
value for Rg; with the above-mentioned positions we found values
for Ry) and Cy;
- having found these two values, we now introduce the capacitance
C'q initially disregarded, which enables us to calculate from [2]
the value for R'9 — having the pole 1/t, at the pulse under
investigation.

We therefore suppose initially that the network with transfer function
Hz (s) is followed by an amplifier whose input capacitance c', is disregarded:

(7]
se
= K,* - ie
1
s4+—
ue
where:

29



Table 1 shows some values of the average power per impulse required
for different values of the parameters a and wq-

The values of the power required, selecting wg = 21 x 107, are reported
in Figure 5.

The curve plotted is that calculated by Personick, assuming as the pulse
at the output of the equalizer that relative to the raised cosine with
roll-off equal to 1.

Conclusions

A receiving network design was studied for optic communication systems
operating at a frequency of 8,448 Mbit/sec.

In particular the equalizer was built with two networks separated by
one amplifying stage.

The objective of the first is to cancel the low frequency pole
introduced by the cutoff impedance of the photodetector and the purpose
of the second network is to optimize the intersymbolic interference and
the thermal noise of the internal transmission channel.

The optic power required to have a Pg = 10-9 was calculated, upon
varying the size of the input pulses, assumed to be of Gaussian form, and
upon varying the cutoff frequency wg of the final filter LC.

A comparison was made between the results obtained in the present
paper and those that are obtained when the equalizer is designed on the
basis of the raised cosine functions.

4
v4
W
Q=05
% <<
~ 4
8 NK
~
5 - — —
“4 n
oO 1 é 4 5 6
Pig. 5

AR



CSO:

a

(2)

(3)

(4

(6)

(8)

(D

(8)

it)

(10)

5500

BIBLIOGRAFIA

ME. ROWE and W.D. WARTERS: « Transmission in Multimode Wave-
guide with Random Imperfections». BS.TJ., May 1962, pp. 1031-1170.

H.E. ROWE: «Approximate Solutions for the Coupled Line Equations »,
BS.T.J., May 1962, pp. 1011-1819.

P. BERNARDI and G. FALCIASECCA: « The TEa Mode Attenuation in
a Circular Waveguide Link with Continuous Imperfections ». Alta Fre-
quenza, August 1973, pp. 190-195. .

P, BERNARDI, G. FALCIASECCA, S. ROGAI and F. VALDONT: « Circular
Waveguide Link Analysis by Program PAGOM». Fondazione Ugo Bor-
doni. Internal report, -23 w2.

H.G. UNGER: «Helix Theory and Applications», BS.TJ., November
1958, pp. 1599-1647.

H.G. UNGER: «Normal Mode Bends for Circular Electric Waves».
BS.TJ., September 1967, pp. 1279.

H.G, UNGER: «Circular Electric Wave Transmission through Serpen-
tine Bends». B.S.T.J., September 1957, pp. 1279-1291.

E. CARLI, T. CORZANI, G.B. STRACCA: « Distorsioni introdotte dalle
curve intenzionali e da quelle periodiche net sistemi di trasmissione in
guida circolare ». Fondazione Ugo Bordoni, internal report, Aprile 1974.

P, BERNARDI, G. FALCIASECCA, G. GRASSO and F. VALDONI: «Com-
puter Aided Design of Circular Waveguides for Long Distance Commu-
nication» - Alta Frequenza, August 1975.

P. BERNARDI and S, ROGAI: « PAGOM: progetto e analisi di. guide
donda millimetriche ». Fondazione Ugo Bordoni, internal report. still

to be published.

24



medium of direct satellite transmission of television broadcasts that the
Soviet delegate proposed to call them "Vienna Principles" -- even though
they should not be launched finally until next year in a different place.
The chairman of the UN Space Committee, Austria 's ambassador to the lnited
Nations, Jankowitsch, expects these principles governing media policies to
be decided in 1978 by the UN General Assembly. Thus the international
political basis for the new communications system of direct television
transmissions via satellites would come into existence earlier than will
the technical preconditions for such television transmissions. For it will
still be a few years before the individual television participant will be
able to receive a television broadcast via satellite from a remote part of
the world directly, without the aid of a relay station. This unusual
forging ahead of the political regulation within the framework of the
United Nations, according to Ambassador Jankowitsch at any rate, is an
advantage because the international consensus on a subject whose consequences
are not known in practice can probably be produced more easily.

The principles governing direct television transmissions via satellites
elaborated so far do not constitute a contractual agreement in the narrower
legal sense, but rather international principles. Inter alia, they determine
that such television transmissions must not conduct any hostile propaganda
or "stirring up the people" and that they must also take into consideration
the cultural values of the receiver-area. The fear that such TV trans-
missions via satellites could result in the introduction of disturbance
factors in the receiver-country exists, of course, by no means only on the
political plane, but just as much on the cultural-religious plane. Tele-
vision transmissions showing barely clothed women, as they are perhaps
already nearly commonplace in the Western World, would, for example, have a
shocking effect in an Islamic country.

8970
cso: 5500



SST GERMANY

STOLTENBERG INTERVIEWED ON LOCAL BROADCASTING PROBLEMS
Cologne RHEINISCHER MERKUR in German 22 Jul 77 p 11
interview with Schleswig-Holstein Minister-President Gerhard

Stoltenberg by RHEINISCHE MBPKUR on 22 July; place not given:
"Ban on Radio Brokdorf"7

. fPext7 Question: Herr Minister-President, following your state-

ment on renouncing the government contract with the NDR/North
German Broadcasting Network/, is there any chance at all for the
institution to continue to exist in its present form?

Answer: ‘That depends on the negotiations that we plan to conduct
in order to establish a new and decidedly improved legal basis.

If we succeed in formulating those provisions which make obligatory
a non-partisan and balanced approach in reporting so clearly that
they are also subsequently binding and are adhered to, and if
financial problems can be solved satisfactorily, I do not rule

out a continuation of the NDR as a tri-Land institution.

Question: In what respect, then, do you think the NDR's program
principles are being violated?

Answer: Criticism of the NDR and doubts about whether its program
conforms to the government contract in all areas apply primarily
to political broadcasts in the broadest sense. Included here are
the radio and TV magazines, also the musical proyrams frequently
interspersed with political comment by many editors and the one-
sided, Marxist-oriented, so-called cultural broadcasts, primarily
on the second programe The precepts of journalistic impartiality,
exactness and obligation to truth are disregarded very oftea here.
And in this area we even had a whole series of grievances and coun-
terclaims which in some instances were aired only after court
rulings had forced the issue.

46



Answer: I can only warn against such a frivolous assessment of our
resolve. Of course, we shall first examine the situation thoroughly
to see whether a sweeping reform of the NDR is possible in its
present form. If, however, we are unsuccessful in bringing about
this reform we are prepared to accept other solutions...

Question: ... And establish Radio Kiel?

Answer: It is possible to thinl: of several structures in use at
two or three institutions that are more balanced and convincing
than the present condition. We shall be prompt in informing the
public of our definitive ideas. Indeed, what surprises me is that
of all people the SPD and FDP, who everywhere else speak out for
change and for cracking cpen encrusted structures, are opposing

a constructive and open-ended debate on the very question of re-
forming the NDR.

Question: In its 1977 budget the NDR shows a deficit of 78.8 mil-
lion marks. How could a deficit like this have developed?

Answer: For years the NDR has spent freely. Personnel costs have
contributed substantially to the poor state of its finances. For
example, these costs rose by 156 percent at the NDR between 1970
and 1977; at the WOR/West German Broadcasting Network/ they in-
creased by only 102 percent for the same period. A further example:
in 1976 the NDR*'s personnel expenses per employee, excluding old-
age pension contributions, were considerably higher -~ 4,125 marks
per year higher -- than the ARD/Working Group of FRG Broadcasting
Institutes/ average. Had the NDR kept to the ARD average in 1976,
it would have saved 13.7 million marks in expenses on its active
employees alone. This sample calculation makes clear what kind of
sums are involved here.

Question: How do you hope to bring light into the financial jungle?

Answer: The Land government has resolved to negotiate with the other
Lands party to the contract on how to guarantee an examination of

the NDR which will give a comprehensive overview of all the reasons
for the institution's catastrophic financial situation. The seri-
ousness of the situation cannot be described more aptly than was
done by the Hamburg Office of Audit in its most recent report: "A
businessman in a comparable situation would have to take immediate
and drastic measures to reorganize his financial affairs." Whereas,
we are still waiting in vain for the responsible director to present
a convincing plan for meeting the crisis.

Question: What is your conception of a precise examination?

48



where C,, generally complex, is, a function of the difference between
the propagation constants of the two considered modes.

‘The attenuation increase (in Neper), caused by the k-th unwanted
mode for the i-th bend, is then given, according to the [25] of (3), by

(2) Ada = =) rel J" eopritans — AByds

where ¢ (in m-') is the spatial frequency and

(3] [D(OF = |FLL/RE@) IP,

Frye (43) = 208
ee (ABk) hon

where
A On = Go — Sey
A Be = fo — Ber

« and f being the attenuation and phase constants in the waveguide,
for the mode under consideration; the subscript o is for the TE
mode and subscript k for the k-th unwanted mode. Assuming that

[4]

(5) Ci = Pet 1Q

and account being taken of [3], expression [2] is re-written as:

[8] Baws = [DF Pal Ao | + Qn (206 — AB) ge

| Aa |? + (206 -— A B.)*
If it 1s assumed to refer to bends each with a R, constant bending
radius, then for the i-th bend we have:

H sint (eh)

7 D es
i] ID@! = pe or

il