San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District April 16, 2015

i. Table of Contents, List of Figures, List of Tables 

 2015 Plan for the 1997 PM2.5 Standard 

Table of Contents 

Executive Summary 

Table of Contents 

Chapter 1: Air Quality Standards and Requirements ............................................. 1-1 

1.1 1997 PM2.5 Air Quality Standard ................................................................... 1-1 

1.2 District’s 2008 PM2.5 Plan for the 1997 PM2.5 Standard ............................... 1-1

1.3 Transition from Subpart 1 to Subpart 4 of the Clean Air Act ........................... 1-2 

1.4 Request for Reclassification to Serious Nonattainment .................................. 1-3 

1.4.1 Demonstration of Impracticability of Attainment as a Moderate 

Nonattainment Area by April 5, 2015 ................................................. 1-3 

1.4.2 EPA Action on Impracticability ........................................................... 1-5 

1.5 Federal Requirements for a Serious Nonattainment Area .............................. 1-5 

1.6 1997 PM2.5 Standard Timeline ...................................................................... 1-7 

1.7 Impracticability of Attainment by December 31, 2015 and Request for 

 Extension of Attainment Date for a Serious Nonattainment Area ................... 1-8 

1.8 Public Process for Plan Development ............................................................. 1-9

Chapter 2: PM2.5 Challenges and Trends in the San Joaquin Valley ................... 2-1 

2.1 Challenges of the Natural Environment .......................................................... 2-1 

2.1.1 Unique Climate and Geography ........................................................ 2-1 

2.1.2 The Valley’s Carrying Capacity ......................................................... 2-3 

2.2 The Valley’s Unique Challenges ..................................................................... 2-5 

2.3 PM2.5 Emissions Inventory Trends ................................................................ 2-7 

2.4 PM2.5 Air Quality Trends .............................................................................. 2-10 

2.4.1 Air Monitoring Network .................................................................... 2-10 

2.4.2 Air Quality Progress ......................................................................... 2-11 

2.4.3 Impact of Exceptional Drought-Related Weather Conditions on 

 Valley PM2.5 Concentrations .......................................................... 2-15 

2.5 Condensable Particulates ............................................................................. 2-18 

2.6 Insignificant Precursors to PM2.5 Concentrations in the Valley .................... 2-18 

2.6.1 VOC Contribution to PM2.5 Concentrations .................................... 2-20 

2.6.2 Ammonia Contribution to PM2.5 Concentrations ............................. 2-21 

Chapter 3: Health Impacts and the Health Risk Reduction Strategy .................... 3-1 

3.1 PM2.5 and Associated Health Impacts ........................................................... 3-1 

3.2 What is the Health Risk Reduction Strategy? ................................................. 3-3 

3.3 Background for the Health Risk Reduction Strategy ....................................... 3-4 

3.4 Five-Factor Exposure Assessment Methodology ............................................ 3-8 

3.4.1 Relevance to Attainment ................................................................... 3-8 

3.4.2 Toxicity of Chemical Species ............................................................. 3-8 

3.4.3 Particle Size and Deposition ............................................................ 3-15 

3.4.4 Exposure to Ultrafine Particles (PM 0.1) .......................................... 3-17 

3.4.5 Population Proximity and Intake Fraction ........................................ 3-19 
San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District April 16, 2015

ii. Table of Contents, List of Figures, List of Tables 

 2015 Plan for the 1997 PM2.5 Standard 

3.5 Health Benefits Achieved by Reducing PM2.5 Emissions ............................ 3-20 

Chapter 4: Classification and Attainment ............................................................... 4-1 

4.1 Request for Attainment Extension .................................................................. 4-1 

4.1.1 Attainment by the December 31, 2015 Deadline is Impracticable ..... 4-1 

4.1.2 All Requirements and Commitments in the Implementation Plan 

 Have Been Met .................................................................................. 4-6 

4.1.3 The 2015 PM2.5 Plan Contains Best Available Control Measures 

 (BACM) .............................................................................................. 4-6 

4.1.4 The 2015 PM2.5 Plan Contains Most Stringent Measures (MSM) .... 4-6 

4.1.5 The 2015 PM2.5 Plan Includes a Demonstration of Attainment 

 by the Most Expeditious Alternative Date Practicable ....................... 4-6 

4.2 Commitment to Achieve Extra Reductions in Emissions ............................... 4-10 

Chapter 5: Best Available Control Measures and Most Stringent Measures ....... 5-1 

5.1 BACM Defined ................................................................................................ 5-1 

5.2 MSM Defined .................................................................................................. 5-2 

5.3 BACM/MSM Evaluation Process .................................................................... 5-2 

5.4 De Minimis Threshold for Determining Significant Source Categories ............ 5-4 

5.4.1 Significance Determination Approach ................................................ 5-5 

5.4.2 De Minimis Thresholds ...................................................................... 5-7 

5.5 District BACM and MSM ................................................................................. 5-9 

5.6 ARB BACM and MSM ..................................................................................... 5-9 

 

Chapter 6: Demonstration of Federal Requirements ............................................. 6-1 

6.1 Fulfillment of Commitments from the District’s 2008 PM2.5 Plan ................... 6-1 

6.1.1 District 2008 PM2.5 Plan Regulatory Commitments .......................... 6-2 

6.1.2 District 2008 PM2.5 Plan Emission Reduction Commitments ........... 6-2 

6.2 Reasonably Available Control Measures (RACM) .......................................... 6-5 

6.3 Quantitative Milestones and Reasonable Further Progress (RFP) ................. 6-6 

6.4 Contingency Measures ................................................................................... 6-9 

6.4.1 What Qualifies as a Contingency Measure? .................................... 6-10 

6.4.2 Surplus Reductions from Implementation of Traditional 

 Regulations ..................................................................................... 6-10 

6.4.3 SIP-Creditable Incentive-Based Emissions Reductions .................. 6-12 

6.4.4 Sufficient Contingency Reductions .................................................. 6-12 

6.5 Transportation Conformity ............................................................................ 6-13 

6.5.1 PM2.5 Requirements for Conformity ............................................... 6-14 

6.5.2 Factors for Determining Significance ............................................... 6-15 

6.5.3 Assessment of Significance ............................................................. 6-15 

6.5.4 Conformity Budgets ......................................................................... 6-16 

6.5.5 Emissions Trading Mechanism ........................................................ 6-17 

6.5.6 Local Transportation Control Measures ........................................... 6-19 

6.5.7 SB-375 ............................................................................................ 6-21 

6.6 Fulfillment of Serious Area Permitting Requirements.................................... 6-21 
San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District April 16, 2015

iii. Table of Contents, List of Figures, List of Tables 

 2015 Plan for the 1997 PM2.5 Standard 

Chapter 7: Attainment Strategy................................................................................ 7-1 

7.1 Comprehensive Regulatory Control Strategy .................................................. 7-1 

7.1.1 District Regulations Contributing to Continued PM2.5 

 Improvement ..................................................................................... 7-1 

7.1.2 Commercial Charboiler Commitment in 2012 PM2.5 Plan ................ 7-6 

7.1.3 ARB Regulations Contributing to Attainment ..................................... 7-6 

7.2 Incentives ...................................................................................................... 7-13 

7.2.1 Funding Sources ............................................................................. 7-14 

7.2.2 Incentive Strategy ............................................................................ 7-15 

7.2.3 SIP Creditability of Incentive Programs (Rule 9610) ....................... 7-16 

7.3 Technology Advancement ............................................................................ 7-16 

7.3.1 Technology Focus Areas ................................................................. 7-17 

7.3.2 Demonstration Projects ................................................................... 7-17 

7.3.3 Interagency Collaborative Demonstration Projects .......................... 7-18 

7.4 Legislative Strategy....................................................................................... 7-19 

7.5 Public Outreach ............................................................................................ 7-23 

7.6 Additional Strategies ..................................................................................... 7-26 

Chapter 8: Commitment to Leave No Stone Unturned to Evaluate 

 Additional Opportunities .................................................................... 8-1 

8.1 Rule 4311—Flares .......................................................................................... 8-2 

8.2 Warm Mix Asphalt ........................................................................................... 8-3 

8.3 Rule 4550—Conservation Management Practices ......................................... 8-3 

 
San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District April 16, 2015

iv. Table of Contents, List of Figures, List of Tables 

 2015 Plan for the 1997 PM2.5 Standard 

Appendices 

Appendix A: Ambient PM2.5 Data Analysis ............................................................ A-1 

A.1 PM2.5 Concentrations—Measurement and Influences ................................... A-1 

A.1.1 PM2.5 Monitor Types ........................................................................ A-2 

A.1.2 Meteorological Influences on PM2.5 Concentrations ........................ A-2 

A.2 Attainment Demonstration—Design Values .................................................... A-5 

A.3 Ambient PM2.5 Concentration Data Trends ................................................. A-18 

A.3.1 Days over the 24-Hour PM2.5 Standard .......................................... A-18 

A.3.2 Seasonal Trends - 1st and 4th Quarter Averages ............................. A-20 

A.3.3 Annual Trends ................................................................................. A-27 

A.3.4 PM2.5 Driven Air Quality Index Analysis ......................................... A-32 

A.3.5 Trends in PM2.5 Species ................................................................ A-39 

Appendix B: Emissions Inventory .......................................................................... B-1 

B.1 Emissions Inventory Tables ............................................................................ B-1 

B.2 Emissions Inventory Summary and Methodology ......................................... B-20 

B.2.1 Introduction ...................................................................................... B-20 

B.2.2 Emissions Inventory Documentation ............................................... B-23 

Appendix C: BACM and MSM for Stationary and Area Sources .......................... C-1 

C.i Introduction .................................................................................................... C-1 

C.ii BACM/MSM Evaluation Process ................................................................... C-2 

C.iii Appendix C Organization and Evaluation ...................................................... C-4 

C.iv Ammonia Regulations .................................................................................... C-7 

C.1 Rule 4103 Open Burning ............................................................................... C-8 

C.2 Rule 4104 Reduction of Animal Matter ........................................................ C-18 

C.3 Rule 4106 Prescribed Burning and Hazard Reduction Burning ................... C-21 

C.4 Rule 4203 Particulate Matter Emissions from the Incineration of 

 Combustible Refuse ..................................................................................... C-27 

C.5 Rule 4204 Cotton Gins ................................................................................. C-29 

C.6 Rule 4301 Fuel Burning Equipment ............................................................. C-34 

C.7 Rule 4306 And Rule 4320 Advanced Emission Reduction Options for 

 Boilers, Steam Generators, and Process Heaters Greater than 

 5.0 MMBtu/hr ............................................................................................... C-35 

C.8 Rule 4307 Boilers, Steam Generators and Process Heaters–2.0

 MMBtu/hr to 5.0 MMBtu/hr ........................................................................... C-43

C.9 Rule 4308 Boilers, Steam Generators and Process Heaters–0.075 

 MMBtu/hr to less than 2.0 MMBtu/hr............................................................ C-49 

C.10 Rule 4309 Dryers, Dehydrators, and Ovens ................................................ C-54 

C.11 Rule 4311 Flares ......................................................................................... C-58 

C.12 Rule 4313 Lime Kilns ................................................................................... C-85 

C.13 Rule 4352 Solid Fuel Fired Boilers, Steam Generators, and Process 

 Heaters ........................................................................................................ C-87 

C.14 Rule 4354 Glass Melting Furnaces ............................................................ C-102 

C.15 Rule 4550 Conservation Management Practices ....................................... C-106 
San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District April 16, 2015

v. Table of Contents, List of Figures, List of Tables 

 2015 Plan for the 1997 PM2.5 Standard 

C.16 Rule 4692 Commercial Charbroiling .......................................................... C-115 

C.17 Rule 4702 Internal Combustion Engines .................................................... C-120 

C.18 Rule 4703 Stationary Gas Turbines ........................................................... C-142 

C.19 Rule 4802 Sulfuric Acid Mist ...................................................................... C-153 

C.20 Rule 4901 Wood Burning Fireplaces and Wood Burning Heaters ............. C-156 

C.21 Rule 4902 Residential Water Heaters ........................................................ C-171 

C.22 Rule 4905 Natural Gas-Fired, Fan-Type Central Furnaces ....................... C-175 

C.23 Rule 8011 General Requirements ............................................................. C-179 

C.24 Rule 8021 Construction, Demolition, Excavation, Extraction, and Other 

Earthmoving Activities ................................................................................ C-182 

C.25 Rule 8031 Bulk Materials ........................................................................... C-185 

C.26 Rule 8041 Carryout and Trackout .............................................................. C-188 

C.27 Rule 8051 Open Areas .............................................................................. C-191 

C.28 Rule 8061 Paved and Unpaved Roads ...................................................... C-194 

C.29 Rule 8071 Unpaved Vehicle/Equipment Traffic Areas ............................... C-198 

C.30 Rule 8081 Agricultural Sources ................................................................. C-201 

C.31 SC 001 Lawn And Garden Equipment ....................................................... C-204 

C.32 SC 002 Energy Efficiency .......................................................................... C-210 

C.33 SC 003 Fireworks ...................................................................................... C-213 

C.34 SC 004 Sand and Gravel Operations ......................................................... C-216

C.35 SC 005 Asphalt/Concrete Operations ........................................................ C-218 

C.36 SC 006 Almond Hulling/Shelling Operations .............................................. C-226 

C.37 SC 007 Pistachio Hulling/Shelling Operations ........................................... C-231 

C.38 SC 008 Agricultural Material Screening/Shaking Operations ..................... C-233 

C.39 SC 009 Tub Grinding ................................................................................. C-235 

C.40 SC 010 Abrasive Blasting .......................................................................... C-237 

C.41 Ammonia Controls ..................................................................................... C-239 

Appendix D: BACM and MSM for Mobile Sources (Provided by ARB) ................ D-1 

 Overview ........................................................................................................ D-1 

 BACM/MSM Requirements ............................................................................ D-2

 Review of ARB’s Mobile Source Programs .................................................... D-3

 Summary ...................................................................................................... D-17

 Air Resources Board Control Measures, 1985-2015 .................................... D-19

Appendix E: Incentive and Other Non-Regulatory Strategies ................................ E-1 

E.1 District Incentive Programs ............................................................................. E-1 

E.1.1 Incentive Funding .............................................................................. E-2 

E.1.2 Incentive Programs ............................................................................ E-6 

E.2 Technology Advancement ............................................................................. E-13 

E.2.1 Technology Focus Areas ................................................................. E-13 

E.2.2 Future Demonstration Projects ........................................................ E-14 

E.2.3 Demonstration Projects in Process .................................................. E-14 

E.2.4 Interagency Collaborative Demonstration Projects .......................... E-19 

E.3 Legislative Strategy ....................................................................................... E-21 

E.3.1 Streamline Implementation of the Clean Air Act .............................. E-22 
San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District April 16, 2015

vi. Table of Contents, List of Figures, List of Tables 

 2015 Plan for the 1997 PM2.5 Standard 

E.3.2 Increase State Subvention Funding to Provide More Support for 

Unfunded Mandates ........................................................................ E-22 

E.3.3 Policies/Guidelines for the Carl Moyer Program .............................. E-23 

E.3.4 Cap and Trade Revenues ............................................................... E-23 

E.3.5 Oppose Climate Change Measures that Result in Public Health 

Detriment Due to Increases in Criteria or Toxic Air Emissions ........ E-24 

E.3.6 Disadvantaged Community Policies ................................................ E-24 

E.3.7 Seek Funding and Other Support from ARB and EPA to Install and 

Operate Additional Air Quality Monitoring Instruments throughout the 

Valley ............................................................................................... E-24 

E.3.8 Support Efforts that Provide for Cost-Effective Alternatives to Open 

Burning of Agricultural Waste .......................................................... E-25 

E.3.9 Technology Advancement ............................................................... E-25 

E.3.10 Support Adequate Resources and Policies to Reduce the Impact of 

Wildfires and their Attendant Public Health Impact .......................... E-26 

E.3.11 District Positions on Anticipated Federal Legislation ....................... E-26 

E.4 Community Outreach .................................................................................... E-28 

E.4.1 Real-Time Air Advisory Network (RAAN) ........................................ E-28 

E.4.2 Real-Time Outdoor Activity Risk (ROAR) ........................................ E-29 

E.4.3 Web-Based Archived Air Quality System (WAAQS) ........................ E-29 

E.4.4 Check Before You Burn ................................................................... E-30 

E.4.5 Healthy Air Living............................................................................. E-31 

E.5 Additional Strategies ..................................................................................... E-31 

E.5.1 Energy Efficiency ............................................................................. E-31 

E.5.2 Eco-driving ...................................................................................... E-32 

E.5.3 Green Purchasing and Contracting ................................................. E-32 

E.5.4 Alternative Energy ........................................................................... E-32 

Appendix F: Attainment Demonstration (Provided by ARB) .................................. F-1 

F.1 Overview ......................................................................................................... F-1 

F.2 Modeling Approach ......................................................................................... F-2 

F.3 Modeling Methodology .................................................................................... F-3 

F.4 Modeling Results ............................................................................................. F-5 

F.5 Consideration of 2014 Air Quality .................................................................... F-5 

F.6 Unmonitored Areas ......................................................................................... F-6 

Appendix G: New Source Review (NSR) and Emission Reduction 

 Credits (ERCs) .................................................................................... G-1 

G.1 Introduction .................................................................................................... G-1 

G.2 Pre-Baseline Emission Reduction Credits ...................................................... G-1 

Appendix H: Summary of Significant Comments and Responses ...................... H-1 

March 17, 2015 Proposed 2015 Plan for the 1997 PM2.5 Standard ....................... H-1 

March 4, 2015 Draft 2015 Plan for the 1997 PM2.5 Standard................................. H-2 

 
San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District April 16, 2015

vii. Table of Contents, List of Figures, List of Tables 

 2015 Plan for the 1997 PM2.5 Standard 

List of Figures 

Figure ES-1 San Joaquin Valley Emissions Reductions, 2015 PM2.5 Plan............. ES-3

Figure 1-1 1997 PM2.5 Standard Timeline .............................................................. 1-7

Figure 2-1 San Joaquin Valley Air Basin .................................................................. 2-2 

Figure 2-2 Atmosphere with and without a Temperature Inversion .......................... 2-3 

Figure 2-3 Trend in Days over the 24-hour PM2.5 Standard ................................... 2-6 

Figure 2-4 Valley PM2.5 Winter Emissions Inventory Trend .................................... 2-8 

Figure 2-5 Valley Winter NOx Emissions Inventory Trend ....................................... 2-9 

Figure 2-6 Valley PM2.5 Annual and Winter Inventory Trends .............................. 2-10 

Figure 2-7 Air Monitoring Sites in the Valley .......................................................... 2-11 

Figure 2-8 Historical PM2.5 24-hour and Annual Design Value Trends ................. 2-13 

Figure 2-9 Trend of 24-Hour Average PM2.5 Design Values at 

 Bakersfield-California ............................................................................ 2-14 

Figure 2-10 Trend of Annual Average PM2.5 Design Values at Bakersfield-Planz .. 2-14 

Figure 2-11 Trend of Fourth-Quarter Average at Visalia .......................................... 2-15 

Figure 2-12 Average PM2.5 by Month in 2013 in Stockton, Fresno, Bakersfield ..... 2-16 

Figure 2-13 Average Atmospheric Stability per Winter Season ............................... 2-17 

Figure 2-14 Modeled Regional Distribution of Ammonium Nitrate ........................... 2-23 

Figure 2-15 Ammonia versus Nitric Acid Measurements at Angiola ......................... 2-24 

Figure 2-16 Abundance of Ammonia in the San Joaquin Valley .............................. 2-25 

Figure 2-17 NOx Control Reduces Ammonium Nitrate Most Efficiently ................... 2-25 

Figure 2-18 Modeled Ammonium Nitrate Response to 

 Ammonia vs. NOx Controls ................................................................... 2-26 

Figure 2-19 Correlation between NOx Reductions and Observed 

 Ammonium Nitrate in Fresno ................................................................ 2-26

Figure 3-1 Visual Comparison of PM10, PM2.5, Human Hair, 

 and Fine Beach Sand ............................................................................. 3-1 

Figure 3-2 Annual Average PM2.5 Chemical Composition .................................... 3-12 

Figure 3-3 Relationships Between Particle Size Distribution and

 Respiratory Deposition Zones ............................................................... 3-16 

Figure 3-4 Particle Number Deposition Fraction (DF) and 

 Total Particle Deposition of PM0.1 at Rest and Exercise ...................... 3-17 

Figure 3-5 Electron Micrograph of an Ultrafine Particle .......................................... 3-18 

Figure 3-6 Simplified Intake Fraction Model ........................................................... 3-19

Figure 6-1 NOx RFP Demonstration – Linear Progress Toward Attainment ............ 6-8 

Figure 6-2 Illustration of Valley MPO Funding for Sample TCM Categories .......... 6-20

Figure A-1 Drought Extent and Severity in California ............................................... A-3 

Figures A-2.1 through A-2.32 24-hour and Annual Design Value Trends ............ A-10 

Figure A-3 Trend in Days over the 1997 24-Hour PM2.5 Standard ........................ A-19 

Figures A-4.1 through A-4.12 Quarter Average Trends ....................................... A-21 

Figures A-5.1 through A-5.12 Collection of Top 5 Average Trends ..................... A-24 

Figures A-6.1 through A-6.16 PM2.5 Diurnal Profiles .......................................... A-28

Figure A-7 Air Quality Index (AQI) Categories ........................................................ A-33 
San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District April 16, 2015

viii. Table of Contents, List of Figures, List of Tables 

 2015 Plan for the 1997 PM2.5 Standard 

Figures A-8.1 through A-8.4 Number of Days per AQI Category per Year: 

 Stockton-Hazelton, Tracy, Modesto, and 

 Turlock .................................................................. A-35

Figures A-8.5 through A-8.8 Number of Days per AQI Category per Year: 

 Merced, Clovis, Fresno-First/Garland, and 

 Hanford ................................................................. A-36

Figures A-8.9 through A-8.11 Number of Days per AQI Category per Year: 

 Corcoran, Visalia, and Bakersfield California ........ A-37

Figures A-8.12 through A-8.14 PM2.5 AQI Site Average, PM2.5 AQI Year 

 Average, and PM2.5 AQI Average for 

 All Sites and All Years Combined ......................... A-38

Figure A-9 Average PM2.5 Speciation Mass .......................................................... A-43

Figure A-10 Maximum PM2.5 Speciation Mass ........................................................ A-43

Figure A-11 Sum of Ammonium (NH4+) and Nitrate (NO3-) Speciation Mass ......... A-44

Figure A-12 Average Value Ammonium Nitrate Trend ............................................. A-45

Figure A-13 Sum of Ammonium (NH4+) and Nitrate (NO3-) Speciation Mass ......... A-46 

Figure A-14 Maximum Monthly Percentage of PM2.5 Attributable to

 Ammonium Nitrate ................................................................................ A-46 

Figure A-15 Sum of Sulfate ((SO4)

2-) and Nitrate (NO3-) Speciation Mass ............... A-48

Figure A-16 Increase of Soil Elements During a Drought ......................................... A-50

Figure C-1 Agricultural Burn Zones Defined in the District SMS .............................. C-9 

Figure C-2 Sample Agricultural Burn Permit (Front Page) ..................................... C-16 

Figure C-3 Image of a Typical 40' Biomass Box Used in Placer County in 2007 ... C-25 

Figure C-4 Average Flare Capacities in California Air Districts .............................. C-61 

Figure C-5 Summary of Reasons for Reportable Flaring Events (2011-2012) ...... C-70 

Figure C-6 Percent of Reportable Flaring from All Sources (2011-2012) .............. C-71 

Figure C-7 Illustration of Section 5.3.1 Requirements ......................................... C-163 

Figure C-8 Illustration of Section 5.3.2 Requirements ......................................... C-163 

Figure C-9 Average PM2.5 Emissions Based on Wood Burning Heater Type .... C-165 

Figure C-10 Proportion of Residents with a Wood-Burning Fireplace, Wood Stove or 

Pellet Stove ................................................................................. ......C-166

Figure F-1 Modeling Domains .................................................................................. F-3 

Figure F-2 Average PM2.5 Percent Composition During 2004-2006 

 Compared to 2011-2013 ......................................................................... F-8 

Figure F-3 Comparison of Concentrations of Select Soil Elements: 

 Bakersfield-California & Bakersfield-Planz ............................................ F-14 

Figure F-4 Bakersfield-Planz PM2.5 FRM Monitor ................................................... F-15 

Figure F-5 Aerial Photo of Bakersfield Municipal Airport ........................................ F-15 

Figure F-6 Aerial Photo of Bakersfield Municipal Airport - Potential nearby 

 Fugitive Dust ......................................................................................... F-16 

Figure F-7 May 2013 Wind Speeds at Bakersfield-Planz by Hour ......................... F-17 

Figure F-8 Days with High Wind Speeds at Bakersfield-Planz by Hour ................. F-18 

 
San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District April 16, 2015

ix. Table of Contents, List of Figures, List of Tables 

 2015 Plan for the 1997 PM2.5 Standard 

List of Tables 

Table 1-1 Preliminary Recorded Annual Average PM2.5 Concentrations 

 (in μg/m3) for Selected Sites in the Valley and Comparison to 

 Lowest Recorded .................................................................................... 1-4 

Table 1-2 Preliminary Recorded 2014 24-hour PM2.5 Concentrations 

 (in μg/m3) for Selected Sites in the Valley and Calculation of

 98th Percentile Values ............................................................................. 1-5 

Table 1-3 Statutory Requirements Applicable to Serious Nonattainment Areas ..... 1-6 

Table 1-4 2015 PM2.5 Plan Development and Public Workshop Timeline ............. 1-9 

Table 2-1 Estimated Valley Population by County (2010-2020) .............................. 2-5 

Table 2-2 Calendar Year Rainfall Totals for Select California Cities ..................... 2-18

Table 3-1 Summary of PM2.5 Species ................................................................... 3-2

Table 4-1 Maximum Allowable PM2.5 Annual Averages Needed in 2015 to 

 Reach Attainment of Annual Standard in 2013-2015 .............................. 4-4 

Table 4-2 Maximum Allowable 98th Percentile 24-Hour Average PM2.5 

Concentrations Needed in 2015 to Reach Attainment of 

 24-Hour Standard ................................................................................... 4-5 

Table 4-3 Projected 2020 Annual and 2018 24-hour Design Values ...................... 4-9

Table 5-1 PM2.5 Significance Thresholds (μg/m3) .................................................. 5-5 

Table 5-2 Valley Source Category De Minimis Determinations (using 2012 data) .. 5-7

Table 6-1 2008 PM2.5 Plan Stationary Source Regulatory Commitments .............. 6-2 

Table 6-2 Summary Comparison of Plan Commitments to Actual Emission 

Reductions (Annual Average Emissions (tpd)) ....................................... 6-3 

Table 6-3 Demonstration of Sufficient Emissions Reductions (Annual Average) .... 6-4 

Table 6-4 Emissions Reductions Needed to Advance Attainment by One Year ..... 6-5 

Table 6-5 Emissions Inventory with Plan Control Strategy (tpd) ............................. 6-7 

Table 6-6 Total Reductions Necessary to Reach Attainment (tpd) ......................... 6-7 

Table 6-7 Target Emissions Levels for RFP Milestone Years (tpd)......................... 6-7 

Table 6-8 RFP Target Demonstration (2014 and 2017) .......................................... 6-8 

Table 6-9 Contingency Emissions Reductions Target (tpd) .................................... 6-9 

Table 6-10 Reductions Surplus to RFP for Contingency (tpd) ................................ 6-10 

Table 6-11 Attainment Contingencies Traditional Regulatory Reductions (tpd) ...... 6-11 

Table 6-12 Demonstration of Sufficient Contingency Reductions ........................... 6-13 

Table 6-13 San Joaquin Valley Transportation Conformity Budgets (tpd, annual 

average) ................................................................................................ 6-17

Table 7-1 District Regulations Contributing to Attainment of PM2.5 NAAQS .......... 7-2 

Table 7-2 Adopted ARB Regulations ...................................................................... 7-7 

Table 7-3 Phased Implementation of WAAQS ...................................................... 7-25

Table A-1 2013 Calendar Year Rainfall Totals for Select Valley and 

 California Cities ....................................................................................... A-4 

Table A-2 General PM2.5 Design Value Calculation Methods ................................ A-5 

Table A-3 Single Year 24-hour Average PM2.5 98th Percentile Values (μg/m3

) ..... A-7 

Table A-4 24-hour Average PM2.5 Design Values (Three-Year Averages, 

 μg/m3

), end year listed (2011-2013, 2013) .............................................. A-7 

Table A-5 Single Year Annual Mean PM2.5 Concentrations (μg/m3

) ...................... A-8 
San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District April 16, 2015

x. Table of Contents, List of Figures, List of Tables 

 2015 Plan for the 1997 PM2.5 Standard 

Table A-6 Annual PM2.5 Design Values (Three-Year Averages, μg/m3), 

 end year listed (2011-2013, 2013) .......................................................... A-9 

Table A-7 PM2.5 AQI Scale .................................................................................. A-32 

Table A-8 Largest Mass Contributions Reported in Speciation Analysis ............... A-40 

Table A-9 Smaller and Trace Level Mass Contributions Reported in the 

 Speciation Analysis.................................................................. A-41

Table B-1 Directly Emitted PM2.5 ........................................................................... B-1 

Table B-2 NOx......................................................................................................... B-5 

Table B-3 SOx ......................................................................................................... B-9 

Table B-4 VOC ...................................................................................................... B-12 

Table B-5 Ammonia ............................................................................................... B-16 

Table B-6 Growth Surrogates for Stationary Sources ........................................... B-23 

Table B-7 Growth Surrogates for Areawide Sources ............................................. B-29 

Table B-8 District Rules Included in the SIP inventory .......................................... B-29 

Table B-9 Growth Surrogates for Mobile Sources ................................................. B-34

Table C-1 District Regulations Contributing to Attainment of PM2.5 NAAQS ......... C-1 

Table C-2 Comparison of Flaring Capacity for Flares in California Air Districts .... C-60 

Table C-3 NOx Emissions Inventories for Flares in California Air Districts (tpd) .. C-62 

Table C-4 VOC Emissions Inventories for Flares in California Air Districts (tpd) .. C-62 

Table C-5 SOx Emissions Inventories for Flares in California Air Districts (tpd) ... C-62 

Table C-6 Rule 4311 Emission Limits for Ground-level Enclosed Flares ............. C-65 

Table C-7 Submitted FMPs Summarized by Industry ........................................... C-66 

Table C-8 Sample FMP Measures by Facility Type .............................................. C-67 

Table C-9 Summary of Total Reportable Flaring Events from 2011-2012 Period . C-70 

Table C-10 Summary of Rule Requirement Comparisons ...................................... C-73 

Table C-11 Percent of Gas Flared at Valley Facilities ............................................ C-80 

Table C-12 Emissions from a MSW Unit ................................................................ C-92 

Table C-13 Cost Effectiveness for Installing SCR on a MSW Unit ......................... C-93 

Table C-14 Summary of Cost Effectiveness for Installing SCR on a MSW Unit ..... C-95 

Table C-15 Emissions Calculations for a Biomass Unit .......................................... C-96 

Table C-16 Cost Effectiveness for Installing SCR on a Biomass Unit .................... C-96 

Table C-17 Emissions Calculations for Other Units ................................................ C-97 

Table C-18 Cost Effectiveness for Installing SCR Other Unit ................................. C-98 

Table C-19 Comparison of District and SCAQMD NOx Emission Limits for 

 Non-Agricultural Operations (Non-AO) Spark-Ignited Waste Gas 

 Engines Rated at >50 bhp (corrected to 15% oxygen 

 on a dry basis) ................................................................................... C-123 

Table C-20 Comparison of District and SCAQMD NOx Emission Limits for 

 Non-AO Spark-Ignited Engines Rated >50 bhp 

 (corrected to 15% oxygen on a dry basis) .......................................... C-124 

Table C-21 Comparison of District and SCAQMD NOx Emission Limits for 

 Agricultural Operations (AO) Spark-Ignited Engines Rated >50 bhp 

 (corrected to 15% oxygen on a dry basis) .......................................... C-124 

Table C-22 Annual Costs for Retrofitting an Existing Limited Use Lean-Burn 

 Engine and Installing a New Limited Use Lean-Burn Engine 

 with SCR ............................................................................................ C-128 
San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District April 16, 2015

xi. Table of Contents, List of Figures, List of Tables 

 2015 Plan for the 1997 PM2.5 Standard 

Table C-23 Annual Costs for Retrofitting an Existing Limited Use 

 Rich-Burn Engine ............................................................................... C-130 

Table C-24 Annual Costs for Retrofitting an Existing AO Lean-Burn Engine with 

 SCR and Installing a New AO Lean-Burn Engine with SCR .............. C-133 

Table C-25 Annual Costs for Installing a New AO Lean-Burn Engine .................. C-135 

Table C-26 Annual Cost for Installing a New AO Rich-Burn Engine with 

 a 3-way Catalyst ................................................................................ C-136 

Table C-27 Annual Cost for Installing a New AO Rich-Burn Engine with 

 a 3-way Catalyst ................................................................................ C-138 

Table C-28 SCR Annual Costs for a New Installation on a 1 MW Turbine ........... C-146 

Table C-29 SCR Annual Costs for a Retrofit on a 1 MW Turbine ......................... C-147 

Table C-30 SCR Cost Effectiveness ..................................................................... C-149 

Table C-31 Subpart AAA PM Emissions Limits .................................................... C-159 

Table C-32 Average Number of Days Forecast Above Curtailment Thresholds* . C-161 

Table C-33 Days with PM2.5 ≥ 30μg/m3

 ............................................................... C-162 

Table C-34 Emissions Reductions and Cost Effectiveness of Water Heaters by 

 Fuel Type ........................................................................................... C-173 

Table C-35 City Bans of Leaf Blowers .................................................................. C-208 

Table C-36 NOx Emission Reductions for Warm-mix Asphalt .............................. C-223 

Table C-37 Emission Inventory Codes ................................................................. C-281 

Table 11

 BACM Significance Levels ..................................................................... D-3 

Table 21

 ARB Emission Standards Waivers ......................................................... D-4 

Table 31 ARB Emission Standards Authorizations ............................................... D-4 

Table 41 Emissions from Light- and Medium Duty Vehicles in the 

 San Joaquin Valley ................................................................................ D-5 

Table 51 State’s Adoption of ARB’s Light- and Medium-Duty Vehicle 

 Regulations ............................................................................................ D-7 

Table 61 Emissions from Heavy-Duty Vehicles in SJV ......................................... D-8 

Table 71 Phase-in of Truck Engine Standards ..................................................... D-9 

Table 81

 States Adoption of ARB’s Heavy-Duty Vehicle Regulation .................. D-12 

Table 91 Emissions form Off-Road Equipment in SJV ....................................... D-12 

Table 101

 Phase-in of Off-Road Engine Standards .............................................. D-13 

Table 111

 Emissions from Farm Equipment in SJV .............................................. D-15 

Table 121 Emissions from Cargo Handling Equipment in SJV ............................. D-15 

Table 131 Emissions from Other Mobile Sources in SJV ..................................... D-16 

Table 141

 Air Resources Board Control Measures, 1985-2015 ........................... D-19 

Table F-1 Projected 2020 Annual and 2018 24-hour Design Values ...................... F-7 

Table F-2 Highest SJV PM2.5 Concentrations - April thru September 2000-2013 

 (μg/m3

) .................................................................................................. F-12 

Table F-3 PM2.5 FRM and FEM Concentrations in the San Joaquin Valley on 

 May 5, 2013 .......................................................................................... F-13 

Table G-1 Estimated PM2.5 Growth, Control, and Estimated Offset Use ............... G-6 

Table G-2 Estimated NOx Growth, Control, and Estimated Offset Use .................. G-8 

                                                            

1 Appendix D was provided by ARB; the tables are not labeled with the appendix prefix (i.e. D‐XX) as in other

appendices.
San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District April 16, 2015

xii. Table of Contents, List of Figures, List of Tables 

 2015 Plan for the 1997 PM2.5 Standard 

Table G-3 Estimated SOx Growth, Control, and Estimated Offset Use ................ G-10 

Table G-4 Estimated VOC Growth, Control, and Estimated Offset Use ............... G-12 

Table G-5 List of Emission Reduction Credits PM10 and PM2.5 Precursors ....... G-14