SmartWay Transport


Helping the Freight Industry Save Fuel, 

Money, and the Environment 

2005 Annual Report


Table of Contents 

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2


Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2


What Is SmartWay Transport?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3


Summary of Key Accomplishments, 2004–2005 . . . . . . . 4


Program Activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5


The SmartWay Transport Partnership . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5


National Transportation Idle-Free Corridors Project . . . . . . 10


SmartWay Innovative Financing Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11


SmartWay Technologies Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13


Looking Ahead. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Introduction 

Background 

Economic prosperity in the United States is inextricably tied to the commercial movement of goods 

by truck and rail. Trucks and locomotives move 

more than 80 percent of the nation’s freight—some 9 

billion tons each year—valued at nearly $7 trillion. 

While essential to business and consumers, the ground 

freight transport system also consumes energy and produces pollution. Trucks and locomotives burn 35 billion 

gallons of diesel fuel each year, representing 20 percent 

of the fuel used in the transportation sector. Carriers 

hauling the nation’s goods produce more than 350 million 

metric tons of carbon dioxide (CO2), a greenhouse gas, 

annually. They also emit nitrogen oxides (NOx) and particulate matter (PM), air pollutants that have serious health 

and environmental impacts. 

With factors such as just-in-time manufacturing, faster 

delivery services, and demand for imported products 

increasing both the volume and value of freight shipments 

in the United States, freight-related energy consumption 

and pollution are also increasing. Based on current trends, 

ground freight transportation will consume more than 45 

billion gallons of diesel fuel and produce over 450 million 

metric tons of CO2 by 2012—an increase of more than 25 

percent compared to today’s levels. 

2 SmartWay Transport — 2005 Annual Report 
What Is SmartWay Transport? 

To address economic and environmental challenges 

surrounding growth in the freight industry, the U.S. 

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has developed 

the SmartWay Transport program to reduce greenhouse 

gas emissions and air pollution from the ground freight 

transport industry. This innovative, voluntary program 

promotes efficiency in the freight sector. Through publicprivate partnerships, SmartWay Transport is helping 

freight companies save money while also reducing fuel 

consumption and harmful environmental impacts. This 

new approach to government/industry cooperation 

demonstrates that environmental protection and 

economic progress can go hand in hand. 

The objective of SmartWay Transport is to increase the 

fuel efficiency and environmental performance of the 

ground freight industry through four core components: 

The SmartWayTransport Partnership 

■ A strong government/industry partnership among 

freight shippers, carriers, and logistics companies. 

The National Transportation Idle-Free 

Corridors Project 

■ A partnership with federal, state, and local 

government; industry; and other organizations committed to eliminating all unnecessary long-duration 

truck and locomotive idling at strategic points along 

major transportation corridors. 

SmartWay Innovative Financing Program 

■ An innovative financial strategy that helps companies acquire fuel-efficient, low-pollution technologies 

through creative financial mechanisms such as lowinterest loans. 

SmartWay Technologies Program 

■ A testing and verification program designed to 

quantify emissions reductions and fuel savings and 

allow companies to assess environmental performance of products. 

SmartWay Transport — 2005 Annual Report 3 
Summary of Key 

Accomplishments, 2004–2005 

Since the program’s inception, SmartWay projects 

that its program activities will eliminate more than 

3.2 million tons of CO2, reduce diesel fuel consumption 

by nearly 300 million gallons, and save participating 

partners $850 million in fuel costs annually. In 2004 and 

2005, the SmartWay Transport Partnership has also 

achieved the following: 

SmartWay Transport Partnership 

■ Established corporate partnerships with 261 freight 

shippers, shipper-carriers (private fleets), carriers 

(truck and rail), and logistics companies in the United 

States and Canada (plus relationships with 22 associations and nonprofit organizations) to promote 

awareness and adoption of SmartWay strategies. 

■ Signed a Memorandum of Understanding with 

Canada to expand SmartWay Transport Partnership 

resources and reach. 

National Transportation Idle-Free 

Corridor Project 

■ Initiated pilot projects in 52 sites and distributed 

$6 million worth of grants to 14 states and nonprofit 

organizations. 

SmartWay Innovative Financing Program 

■ Started coordination with Arkansas and Minnesota 

to allow use of technology loans for SmartWay 

Upgrade Kits. 

SmartWay Technologies Program 

■ Conducted preliminary testing, which demonstrated 

measurable improvements in fuel efficiency and 

reductions in NOx emissions due to single-wide tires 

and trailer aerodynamics. 

Environmental Measures of Achievement 

CO2

 (tons/year) 

NOx 

(tons/year) 

PM 

(tons/year) 

Diesel Fuel 

Savings Anticipated 

(gallons/year) 

Fuel Savings 

($/year) 

Corporate 

Partnerships 

3,120,000 22,000 777 283,000,000 $807,000,000 

National Transportation 

Idle-Free Corridors Project 

160,000 3,000 64 15,000,000 $43,000,000 

TOTALS 3,280,000 25,000 841 298,000,000 $850,000,000 

Smartway 

Projected Projected Projected

Note: Fuel savings are based on a November 10, 2005, price of $2.85/gallon and do not include capital or labor costs. 

4 SmartWay Transport — 2005 Annual Report 
Program Activities


I

n just over a year, SmartWay Transport has made a 

major impact on the ground freight transport industry. Hundreds of companies, state and local agencies, and other organizations are recognizing the 

progressive creativity of this program. SmartWay 

Transport is setting an outstanding example of the 

power and potential of government and industry working together to achieve mutual goals—environmental 

protection and economic prosperity. 

The structure, goals, and achievements of the four core 

components of SmartWay Transport are described in 

more detail in the following sections. 

The SmartWay Transport 

Partnership: Business and 

Government Working Together 

On February 9, 2004, EPA unveiled the SmartWay 

Transport Partnership with the full support of the trucking industry, including 15 charter partners and the 

American Trucking Associations. The partnership element 

of the broader SmartWay Transport program emphasizes 

voluntary participation by progressive companies and 

organizations that recognize that they can improve their 

business and the environment at the same time. 

Companies that provide and/or hire freight delivery and 

SmartWay Transport — 2005 Annual Report 5 
logistics services become SmartWay Transport Partners 

by committing to improve the environmental performance of their freight delivery operations. Environmental 

performance is calculated using specially designed models that compute reductions in fuel consumption, and 

CO2, NOx, and/or PM emissions. 

SmartWay Transport Partnership


Charter Partners


These companies helped design and develop the


SmartWay Transport Partnership:


■ Canon USA ■ Nike 

■ CSX Transportation ■ Norm Thompson Outfitters 

■ Coca-Cola Enterprises ■ Roadway Express 

■ FedEx Express ■ Schneider National 

■ H-E-B	 ■ Swift Transportation 

■ The Home Depot ■ UPS 

■ IKEA North America ■ Yellow Transportation 

■ Interface 

How the Partnership Works 

There are currently four categories of SmartWay 

Transport Partners: 

■ Shipper Partners are companies that manufacture or sell merchandise and ship those goods to 

distribution centers or retail facilities. 

■ Carrier Partners are companies that own and 

operate freight trucks or locomotives that are hired 

to transport materials or merchandise; these include 

truck and rail companies as well as “shipper-carriers”—companies that ship their merchandise using 

their own private fleets. 

■ Logistics Partners are companies that are hired 

to facilitate the packaging and shipping of goods. 

How Companies Join the SmartWay

Transport Partnership

When companies, such as freight shippers, carriers, or 

logistics handlers, join the SmartWay Transport 

Partnership, they commit to: 

■ Assessing the environmental performance of their 


current operations using EPA’s Freight Logistics


Environmental and Energy Tracking (FLEET)


Performance Models. 


■ Identifying a goal to improve their environmental performance. 

■ Developing a plan detailing how the goal will be achieved. 

■ Reporting their progress annually to EPA. 

■ Affiliate Partners are organizations and associations that help spread the word about SmartWay 

and encourage participation. 

SmartWay Transport Carriers commit to integrate innovative cost-saving strategies into their fleet operations. 

These strategies include a variety of technologies that, 

when added to trucks or locomotives in the carrier’s current fleet, provide significant fuel economy gains, especially when combinations of these technologies are 

installed. In addition, carriers can adopt non-technology 

strategies such as driver training and improved logistics 

to save even more fuel. These strategies result in savings on fuel costs and maintenance, can improve driver 

retention, and can result in more business from shippers 

that are concerned about environmental stewardship 

and corporate social responsibility. 

SmartWay Transport Shippers commit to ship at least 50 

percent of their goods with SmartWay Transport carriers. 

Shippers also can further improve their environmental 

performance by adopting strategies such as no-idling 

policies at their docks, evaluating and modifying business practices at their distribution centers and warehouses, and using a combination of truck and 

6 SmartWay Transport — 2005 Annual Report 
locomotive transport to ship their goods. Companies 

that meet SmartWay Transport Partnership requirements 

will benefit from a reduced environmental footprint and 

reduced operating costs. 

Like shippers, SmartWay Transport Logistics Partners do 

not generally own or directly operate freight trucks. 

Instead, they act as intermediaries for shippers and carriers, managing the shippers’ inbound freight, customs, 

warehousing, order fulfillment, distribution, and outbound freight to the shippers’ customers. Logistics 

Partners’ role in the SmartWay Transport Partnership is 

to inspire the fleets that they manage to join the partnership and adopt the fuel-saving strategies and technologies SmartWay Transport promotes. Logistics companies 

determine the percentage of freight shipped by SmartWay 

carriers and commit to increase that percentage by at 

least 5 percent per year or increase the number of 

SmartWay carriers contracted by 20 companies per year. 

All partners commit to improving their environmental 

performance, and partners that demonstrate superior 

performance are recognized through press announcements, events, and award ceremonies. They also earn 

TECHNOLOGY

Idle Reduction 

Device – Bunk 

Heater 

Idle Reduction 

Device – Auxiliary 

Power Unit 

Idle Reduction 

Strategy – 

Truck Stop 

Electrification 

Single-Wide 

Tires 

Auto Tire 

Inflation 

Trailer 

Aerodynamics 

DESCRIPTION

Small, lightweight, diesel fuel-fired device mounted in the cab 

that provides heat for cab comfort. Does not include any air 

conditioning capabilities. 

Small diesel-powered generator mounted outside the cab that 

provides heat, air conditioning, and electrical power to run 

appliances. 

The process of shutting down the tractor and trailer (for transport refrigerated units) and using an external source for power 

and other amenities. 

Traditional dual tires are replaced with one single-wide tire and 

aluminum wheel. Can be applied to all tractor and trailer tire 

positions except for the steer tires. 

Underinflated tires can cause significant losses in fuel efficiency, 

plus dangerous blow-outs. Auto tire inflation systems can ensure 

the safety of drivers and lower fuel costs. 

Fairings added to the front, underside, and rear of the trailer to 

reduce drag. 

TYPICAL COSTS

Approximately

$1,000

Approximately

$6,000 - $8,000

$20 for the

adapter kit plus

$1.25 for each

hour of use

Approximately

$3,000

Up to $900

Approximately

$2,400

Recommended Technologies to Improve Fuel Efficiency

APPROXIMATE

PAYBACK

PERIOD1

5 months

21 to 28

months

8 months

29 months

45 months

15 months

1 The payback period is defined as the number of months it would take for the reduced fuel costs to compensate for the cost 

of the equipment. Fuel costs are calculated based on the November 10, 2005, diesel price of $2.85 per gallon. 

SmartWay Transport — 2005 Annual Report 7 
Beyond Technology


SmartWay Transport promotes many practical policy and 

operations strategies to reduce fuel consumption: 

■ Improved Freight Logistics can optimize 

trucking operation efficiency, saving fuel and increasing profits for trucking companies. 

■ Warehouse Improvements can be made in 


and around warehouses and will facilitate improved


efficiency and emission reductions.


■ Driver Training can improve fuel economy considerably by encouraging such simple techniques as 

cruise control, coasting whenever possible, limiting use 

of cab accessories, smooth and gradual acceleration, 

progressive shifting, reducing maximum freeway 

speeds, and limiting truck idling and stops. 

■ Intermodal Shipping combines the fuel efficiency of rail with the logistical strengths of trucking. 

Standardized containers are easily transferred from rail 

to truck, and vice versa. 

■ Preferential Docking privileges for SmartWay


Transport Partners: deliveries by partner carriers may


be given prime docking times and locales. 


■ Driver Comfort Stations at docking facilities 

prevent the need for drivers to idle their trucks to stay 

warm or cool, as necessary. 

■ Anti-Idling Policies at loading docks, combined


with driver comfort stations, ensure emission reduc­


tions and meet driver needs.


■ Improved Pickup/Delivery Scheduling can 

reduce excess idling and increase the on-time efficiency of freight operations. 

■ Operating Full Truckloads instead of partial


loads not only improves efficiency but also helps


reduce congestion at docking facilities.


the right to display the SmartWay Transport logo on a 

variety of promotional materials. 

By defining clear and achievable goals and committing 

to ambitious strategies, participants in the SmartWay 

Transport Partnership are actively addressing concerns 

about greenhouse gas reductions and air quality while 

saving money. 

Successes and Accomplishments 

Since the partnership’s inception in February 2004, 

some of the largest national and international freighttransport companies, product manufacturers, and corporations in the United States and Canada have joined 

the SmartWay Transport Partnership, along with many 

small and medium-sized truck fleets, rail companies, 

and logistics providers. 

To date, 262 companies have joined the partnership. 

From partner commitments during the first two years, 

the SmartWay Transport Partnership projects annual 

reductions of 3.1 million tons of CO2, 777 tons of PM, 

and 22,096 tons of NOx. These figures add up to an 

annual fuel savings of 283 million gallons of diesel 

fuel—worth $807 million per year to the industry.2 

To date, SmartWay has enrolled 22 Affiliates, which are 

spreading the message of improving fuel efficiency in 

freight transport to hundreds of additional companies. 

2 Based on the November 10, 2005, diesel price of $2.85 per gallon. 

8 SmartWay Transport — 2005 Annual Report 
SmartWay Transport Partners, 


Percentage by Type


8 11 

Rail Logistics 26 

3% 4% Shippers 

10% 

7 

210 Shipper-Carriers 

Carriers 3% 

80% 

262 Total Partners 

At the current rate of company progress in the SmartWay 

Transport Partnership, EPA’s partners are well on their 

way to achieving Smartway’s goals of saving 6.6 billion 

gallons of diesel fuel per year and eliminating 66 million 

metric tons of CO2 and as much as 200,000 tons of 

NOx each year. 

In addition to these notable environmental achievements, the SmartWay Transport Partnership has recently 

developed relationships with the rail industry and with 

Canada to further strengthen its efforts to transform the 

way the freight industry does business. 

In May 2005, all seven major freight railroads joined the 

SmartWay Transport Partnership. These Class 1 freight 

railroads transport more than 90 percent of all domestic 

rail freight. Each railroad has committed to evaluate the 

environmental impacts of its operations and work jointly 

with SmartWay to develop and implement a plan to 

improve fuel efficiency and reduce emissions over the 

next several years. Strategies include reducing idling, 

improving aerodynamics, applying new fuel-saving technologies, and installing emissions control devices. 

The efforts of these seven railroads—BNSF Railway 

Company, Canadian National Railway Company, 

Canadian Pacific Railway, CSX Transportation, Kansas 

City Southern, Norfolk Southern Corporation, and Union 

Pacific Railroad—will further help SmartWay Transport 

SmartWay Transport — 2005 Annual Report 

increase energy efficiency while reducing greenhouse 

gas emissions and air pollution. More recently, after learning of the benefits of the partnership, Pacific Harbor Line, 

a Class 3 railroad, also joined. 

Why Are Companies Joining the


SmartWay Transport Partnership?


Direct economic benefits: 

■ Reduced cost of fuel use. A one-to-three year payback 

period on most technologies. 

■ Up to $3,000 in savings per truck per year after 


payback period.


■ Reduced maintenance costs. 

■ Driver retention through driver incentive and training


programs, and comfort features such as truck stop


electrification and auxiliary power units.


Additional benefits: 

■ An enhanced reputation with the public and stockholders for environmental stewardship. 

■ An additional way to meet corporate environmental


sustainability goals.


■ A way to demonstrate corporate values that matter to 

employees. 

■ Business-to-business advantage. 

9 
In September 2005, SmartWay developed a new partnership with Canada to share information and technical 

tools focusing on idle reduction, deployment of clean 

technologies, and driver training and awareness. The collaboration brings together the complementary strengths 

of EPA’s SmartWay Transport Partnership and Natural 

Resources Canada’s FleetSmart Program, with 

SmartWay emphasizing the deployment of innovative 

technologies and FleetSmart specializing in driver education and training. With more than 13 million truck border 

crossings between Canada and the United States each 

year, this partnership could save up to 440 million 

gallons of fuel and prevent emissions of an estimated 

5 million tons of CO2 per year. 

National Transportation 

Idle-Free Corridors Project: 

Working to Dramatically 

Reduce Long-Duration Idling 

Long-duration truck and locomotive engine idling has a significant impact on the environment and economy. 

Each year, more than 1 billion gallons of diesel fuel are 

consumed, and 11 million tons of CO2, 200,000 tons of 

NOx, and 5,000 tons of PM are emitted due to long-duration truck and locomotive idling. In addition, long-duration 

idling leads to increased engine maintenance costs and 

shortened engine life, impaired driver rest and health, and 

elevated noise levels, particularly in urban areas. 

On June 10, 2003, in Atlanta, Georgia, EPA launched the 

National Transportation Idle-Free Corridors Project. The 

objective of this project is to eliminate all unnecessary 

long-duration truck and locomotive idling at strategic 

points along major transportation corridors. 

How the National Transportation Idle-Free 

Corridors Project Works 

The National Transportation Idle-Free Corridors Project 

addresses unnecessary idling, through studying, evaluating, and deploying technologies and infrastructure modifications at truck stops, travel centers, ports, loading 

docks, terminals, and even along the side of the road. 

The program has installed truck stop electrification (TSE) 

at truck parking facilities across the country along major 

interstate corridors, such as I-95, I-40, I-5, I-35, I-10, and 

I-85. TSE provides for the heating, cooling, and power 

needs of truck drivers on layovers between transport 

trips. While most truck drivers idle their engines to supply the power for these purposes, TSE lets drivers turn 

off their engines and plug into a grid—reducing fuel 

waste and associated emissions. The program also promotes mobile idle reduction technologies, such as 

direct-fired heaters and auxiliary power units (APUs), 

which are installed directly on trucks to provide power 

and allow engine shutdown. 

Successes and Accomplishments 

The National Transportation Idle-Free Corridors Project 

currently has 31 active anti-idling projects and 27 new 

sites under construction to evaluate the potential benefits of idle reduction technologies that provide power, 

heating, and cooling without using the engine. 

To help states assess the environmental benefits of idlereduction strategies in state air quality planning, the 

National Transportation Idle-Free Corridors Project published formal air quality guidance in January 2004 for 

including idle reduction projects in state implementation 

plans and conformity determinations. And during the 

summer of 2005, the program began working with state governments and industry representatives to develop a model 

state or local idling law for heavy-duty trucks and buses. 

Over the last two years, the SmartWay team has awarded 14 grants to states and nonprofit organizations totaling approximately $6 million for the deployment of idle 

reduction technologies around the country. Once fully 

10 SmartWay Transport — 2005 Annual Report 
implemented, these technologies are expected to yield 

yearly reductions of 52,233 tons of CO2, 877 tons of 

NOx, and 22 tons of PM, saving 5.1 million gallons of 

diesel fuel each year. These reductions will help states 

and counties achieve their air quality goals. 

SmartWay Innovative 

Financing Program: Making 

Technology Accessible 

Most freight fleets are small. In fact, 96 percent of 

all trucking companies operate 20 or fewer trucks, 

and 87 percent operate six trucks or fewer. These small 

businesses are the most affected by rising fuel prices 

and the least able to absorb the added cost and high 

competition in the freight industry. For these companies, 

the SmartWay Transport Partnership represents a tremendous opportunity to take advantage of technologies, corporate policies, and driver training programs, which save fuel 

and money and help protect environmental quality. 

For many of these companies, however, the major barrier to adopting these fuel and cost-saving strategies is a 

lack of investment capital. 

To help make these technologies more accessible to these 

trucking companies, SmartWay Transport is establishing 

the SmartWay Innovative Financing Program and Upgrade 

Kit program. 

How SmartWay Innovative Financing 

and Upgrade Kits Work 

To assist these companies, SmartWay 

has developed an innovative program, 

bundling highly fuel-efficient technologies 

with emission control devices, such 

as an oxidation catalyst or PM filter, into 

“SmartWay Upgrade Kits.” These kits, which can include 

idle reduction devices, single-wide tires, and trailer 

aerodynamics, along with the PM control device, will 

be offered to trucking companies through flexible lowinterest loans managed through state and national 

loan programs. 

SmartWay Upgrade Kits create a monetary incentive for 

trucking companies to retrofit their trucks because the 

monthly fuel savings achieved from the technology 

upgrade exceed the monthly cost of the loan. In effect, 

these innovative financial packages actually put money in 

a truck owner’s pocket. 

SmartWay Transport — 2005 Annual Report 11 
SmartWay Upgrade Kits

How Do SmartWay Upgrade Kits Work? 

To receive a loan for a SmartWay Upgrade Kit, companies must choose one or more of the following technologies: 

■ Idling-Control Technologies (APU or bunk heater): 6 – 10% fuel savings 

■ Wide-Base Tires with Aluminum Wheels: 4 – 10% fuel savings 

■ Improved Aerodynamics: 5 – 7% fuel savings 

■ Emission Reduction Device: 20 – 90% PM reductions 

Fuel and emissions savings begin as soon as the technologies are installed. Most companies will begin to see 

financial benefits right away. The following example demonstrates the profitability of this type of loan program.* 

Example Kit 

Device Cost/Unit (Retrofit)* PM Reduction NOx Reduction Fuel Economy

Change

Direct-Fired Heater $1,000 — 7% 7% 

Super Single Tires 

w/Aluminum Wheels $3,500 — 5% 5% 

Trailer Aero Kit $2,400 — 5% 5% 

PM Filter $7,000 90% — — 

Totals: $13,900 90% 17% 17% 

*For a truck traveling 100,000 miles/year @ 6 mpg (16,667 gallons/year) 

• Fuel savings: 2,833 gallons @ $2.75/gallon 

• Payback period: $13,900/$7,790 

• or a 3-year loan @ 4.8% APR: 

$7,790/year 

~1.8 years 

Monthly fuel savings: 

Monthly loan payment: 

$649 

($415) 

Monthly cash for driver: $234 

Successes and Accomplishments 

The SmartWay Innovative Financing Program is coordi- The SmartWay Innovative Financing Program is also partnating with small business loan programs in Arkansas nering with private lending institutions and other private 

and Minnesota to offer SmartWay Upgrade Kits at investors to expand these innovative financing strategies 

below-market interest rates. These two programs are into the private sector. 

just the beginning—SmartWay Innovative Financing is 

actively working with six to 10 additional states to 

expand these programs. 

12 SmartWay Transport — 2005 Annual Report 
SmartWay Technologies 

Program: Evaluating Fuel 

Efficiency and Environmental 

Performance 

Numerous technologies designed to improve fuel 

efficiency are available today. However, beyond 

manufacturer specifications, little is known about the 

actual effects these technologies have or how a combination of these technologies applied to a single truck will 

cumulatively impact fuel consumption. 

To better understand the fuel economy impacts of these 

technologies and evaluate the relationship between fuel 

economy improvements and NOx reductions, SmartWay 

Transport initiated an ambitious testing program called 

the SmartWay Technologies Program. 

How the SmartWay Technologies 

Program Works 

The goals of the SmartWay Technologies Program are to: 

■ Develop a testing methodology and drive cycles 

needed to evaluate and verify fuel-saving products 

for heavy-duty trucks used in highway application; 

■ Better quantify the fuel-saving impacts of innovative, 

emerging technology options; and 

■ Evaluate the potential to reduce per-mile NOx emissions by retrofitting heavy trucks with the new technology options to reduce engine load. 

The SmartWay Technologies Program began preliminary 

testing of Class 8 tractor-trailers in late November 2004, 

at a test track operated by the Department of Defense 

in Aberdeen, Maryland. The purpose of the Technologies 

Program was to determine whether or not it was possible to simultaneously measure fuel use, engine performance, and NOx emissions in a simulation of real-world 

operating conditions. Two identical 2004 model year 

Mack Vision CX-13 Class 8 trucks, with identical WabashFruehauf 53-foot box trailers, were loaded to a typical 65 

SmartWay Transport — 2005 Annual Report 

percent payload. The test truck was modified to include 

single-wide tires (lower rolling resistance and reduced 

weight) and trailer aerodynamic devices to reduce wind 

resistance and drag. SmartWay used a Portable 

Emissions Measurement System (PEMS) to quantify 

NOx emissions, and used the industry-standard SAE 

1321 fuel economy test. A total of 72 tests under varying speeds and in-use conditions were conducted. 

This testing ran through January 2005, and was an 

important first step to developing a technology verification program for SmartWay Transport. The results have 

been evaluated, and will be presented at the SAE 

Commercial Vehicle Engineering Congress in November, 

2006, and published in a peer-reviewed technical paper. 

EPA plans to conduct additional tests to gather more 

data and further refine a test methodology that could be 

used by the freight industry to assess the environmental 

benefits of innovative technologies. 

Successes and Accomplishments 

The testing done to date shows that components 

designed to reduce power load and improve fuel economy may also reduce NOx emissions. These test results 

should be of particular interest to the freight industry 

because most fleets and operators will be using existing 

heavy-duty trucks for many years or even decades to 

come, and could benefit significantly from upgrade technologies. These simple, cost-effective components not 

only have the potential to reduce fuel costs; they may 

also provide a method of NOx control “retrofit” that 

pays for itself. Through this testing program, the 

SmartWay Technologies program has demonstrated a 

correlation between fuel efficiency improvements and 

NOx reductions. This study is truly groundbreaking— 

although the relationship between fuel efficiency and 

NOx emissions has been assumed, it has never been 

tested or quantified. 

13 
Looking Ahead 

Based on the first year’s achievements and the 

growing interest in and support for this initiative, 

SmartWay Transport is expected to continue to 

grow and expand its reach. Along with continued work in 

the four core areas of the program, SmartWay Transport 

is expanding into several new areas. 

The foundation of the program has been, and will continue to be, the SmartWay Transport Partnership. The 

actions of SmartWay Transport Partners, affecting more 

than 300,000 vehicles, have reduced emissions at levels 

exceeding the first year’s goals. However, the fact that 

most of the industry is made up of small to medium-size 

fleets, and these fleets tend to comprise older trucks, 

leaves considerable room for fuel efficiency improvements through technology upgrades. To continue to 

make progress towards the 33 million to 66 million metric ton CO2 reduction per year goal, the SmartWay 

Transport Partnership will further emphasize enrollment 

of small and medium-size fleets to help them benefit 

from the technology and non-technology fuel efficiency 

strategies the partnership endorses. 

Because of their smaller size and tighter profit margins, 

these companies often find it difficult to get information 

and capital for the best available transport efficiency 

technologies and strategies. To support these companies 

and to increase the penetration of fuel-efficient technolo14 SmartWay Transport — 2005 Annual Report 
SmartWay Transport Indicators at a Glance 2004-2005

Projected CO2 reductions (tons/year) 3.28 million 

Projected NOx reductions (tons/year) 25,000 

Projected PM reductions (tons/year) 841 

Projected fuel savings (gallons/year) 298 million 

Projected dollar savings through reduced fuel use $850 million 

Partner companies 217 

Trucks/rail/vehicles affected by SmartWay Transport 300,000 

gies into the market, SmartWay Transport will expand 

the SmartWay Innovative Financing Program and is 

actively working with six to 10 additional states to 

increase the reach of these technology bundles and 

funding strategies. 

SmartWay Transport is exploring ways of distinguishing 

low-emission, high-efficiency “SmartWay Trucks” that 

represent the highest level of environmental performance in freight truck technology. Plans are in the works 

to define criteria for outstanding truck performance and 

to label these trucks with special identifiers. 

Another way that SmartWay Transport is expanding its 

reach is through the development of a new SmartWay 

partnership category—SmartWay Transport Truck Stops. 

By introducing truck stops as partners, the partnership 

will be recognizing truck stops for going above the law 

by creating non-idle zones and deploying electrified parking spaces. In fall of 2005, SmartWay Transport launched 

a pilot study in New York. 

The SmartWay Technologies program will continue to 

test technologies to verify fuel savings and emissions 

reductions and to develop procedures with the ultimate 

goal of being able to designate specific fuel-efficiency 

technologies as “SmartWay Technologies.” 

SmartWay Transport — 2005 Annual Report


To share the concept of SmartWay Transport with more 

segments of the freight transport industry, the program 

will continue to work with Smart Transport Affiliates to 

promote the benefits of the SmartWay Transport and 

encourage more companies to join the partnership. Also 

planned are recognition and award ceremonies to honor 

high levels of partner achievement, and other promotional activities such as press events and public relations 

campaigns. 

With all trends pointing to future increases in freight 

transport, fuel prices, and an increased need for communities to find ways to reduce pollution, it is clear that 

SmartWay Transport’s voluntary, innovative, and economical strategies and technologies will become essential 

assets for the freight industry—and the environment. 

15 
Appendix 1 

Partnership Requirements 

for Freight Shippers, Carriers, 

and Logistics Companies 

To meet their goals, all partners must: 

• Sign the SmartWay Transport Partnership Agreement. 

• Create and submit an Action Plan describing how 

shippers or carriers will achieve their goal. 

• Report progress toward achieving the goal to EPA 

annually. 

Carriers must: 

• Measure current environmental performance with the 

SmartWay Transport FLEET (Fleet Logistics Energy and 

Environmental Tracking) Performance Model for carriers. 

• Commit to improve performance within three years. 

Shippers must: 

• Assess the current proportion of goods dispatched 

with SmartWay Transport partner carriers using the 

FLEET Performance Model for shippers. 

• Commit to ship at least 50 percent or more of goods 

with SmartWay Transport partner carriers. 

• Assess and commit to improve facility transportation 

emissions within three years. 

Logistics companies must: 

• Determine the percentage of freight shipped by 

SmartWay carriers. 

• Increase the percentage of freight shipped by 

SmartWay carriers by at least 5 percent per year, or 

increase the number of SmartWay carriers contracted 

by 20 companies per year, and report this information 

in EPA’s FLEET Performance Model. 

• Provide a link to the SmartWay Transport Partnership 

Web site on the company Web site. 

• Inform contracted carriers about the partnership and 

the benefits of participating in the partnership through 

various means, such as including SmartWay membership in contracting criteria, mailing brochures and pamphlets, and giving presentations at meetings. 

16 SmartWay Transport — 2005 Annual Report 
Appendix 2 

SmartWay Transport 

Partnership Partner List 

Freight Carriers (Trucking) 

AAA Cooper Transportation (AL)


A&A Express, Inc. (SD)


Ace-Way Freight Systems 2003 Inc. (Canada)


Accelerated Freight Group (AL)


ADM Trucking, Inc. (IL)


AJ Saragusa Trucking Company Inc. (TX)


Alabama Motor Express, Inc. (AL)


Alert Motor Freight, Inc. (NJ)


Alvan Motor Freight (MI)


American Cartage, Inc. (Canada)


AMI Transport Service (MA)


Arfsten Transfer Inc. (MN)


Arndt Trucking (SD)


Arnold Transportation Services (FL)


Arrow Trucking Company (OK)


A & S Trucking Service, Inc. (MD)


ASL Transportation (NJ)


Atkinson Freight Lines (PA)


Averitt Express (TN)


B.R. Williams Trucking, Inc. (AL)


Bartels Truck Line, Inc. (MN)


Baxter Healthcare (IL)


Bear Cartage & Intermodal, Inc. (IL)


Behnke Dedicated (MI)


Bell City Transport Systems (Canada)


Bison Transport, Inc. (Canada)


Braun’s Express, Inc. (MA)


Brakebush Transportation (WI)


Bright Transportation, L.P. (TX)


Burns Motor Freight, Inc. (WV)


California Cartage Express (CA)


Camionnage C.P., Inc. (Canada)


Can-Am West Carriers Inc. (Canada)


Cardinal Freight Carriers, Inc. (NC)


Celadon Trucking Services, Inc. (IN)


Central Freight Lines (TX)


Circle City Transport, Inc. (AL)


Commercial Transportation, Inc. (PA)


ContainerFreight EIT, LLC (CA)


Contract Freighters, Inc. (MO)


Coomes Inc. (KS)


C. R. England, Inc. (UT)


Currier Trucking Corp. (NH)


Cynthia Wilson (MO)


Damian Trucking, Inc. (IL)


Dart Transit Co. (MN)


Davis Cartage Co. (MI)


Davis Express, Inc. (FL)


Deeco Transportation (MI)


Deep South Freight (AL)


Denmark Express, Inc. (WI)


DHL Express (FL)


Dick Lavy Trucking, Inc. (OH)


Diversified Transfer and Storage (MT)


Dizco, Inc. (SD)


Double NN Transport Ltd. (Canada)


Douglass Distributing Carriers (TX)


Eagle Motor Freight, Inc. (AL)


ECM Transport, LLC (PA)


Estes Express Lines (VA)


Excargo Services (TX)


Fastrax Transportation (Canada)


Farruggio’s Express (PA)


FedEx Express Corp. (Charter Partner) (TN)


FedEx Freight System, Inc. (TN)


Floyd & Beasley Transfer Company, Inc. (AL)


Floyd Wild Trucking, Inc. (MN)


FMI, West (CA)


Food Lion, LLC (NC)


Frerichs Freight Lines, Inc. (IL)


Frito-Lay, Inc. (TX)


Frock Bros. Trucking, Inc. (PA)


Gangloff Industries, Inc. (IN)


Garufi Logistics, LLC (OH)


Genmar Transportation, Inc. (MN)


George’s Foods, LLC (VA)


G.I. Trucking Company (CA)


Gordon Trucking, Inc. (WA)


Grand Island Express (NE)


Great Plains Trucking, Inc. (KS)


Green Mountain Coffee Roasters (VT)


Greenbush Logistics, Inc. (AL)


GTL Transportation (IA) 


Gwaltney Transportation Co., Inc. (VA)


Hall’s Fast Motor Freight, Inc. (NJ)


Hannaford Trucking Company (ME)


H.F. Campbell & Son, Inc. (PA)


Hilltop Transportation, Inc. (OH)


Hirschbach Motor Lines, Inc. (NE)


Hodges Trucking Co. (GA)


Hub Group, Inc. (IL)


Hudson’s Bay Company (Canada)


SmartWay Transport — 2005 Annual Report 17 
Hunkes Transfer, Inc. (MN) 

Hospira Fleet Services, LLC (IL) 

H.O. Wolding, Inc. (WI)


IFA Trucking (FL)


International Motor Freight (NJ)


Interstate Distributor Co. (WA)


JK Trucking (Canada)


J&L Wilson Transportation, Inc. (IL)


J&M Tank Lines, Inc. (GA)


J.B. Hunt Transport, Inc. (AR)


John Christner Trucking, Inc. (OK)


Jones Brothers Trucking, Inc. (MT)


Joseph John Belovich, Jr. (TX)


J&R Schugel Trucking, Inc. (MN)


KBD Transportation (Canada)


Kennesaw Transportation, Inc. (GA)


Knight Transportation, Inc. (AZ)


Lakeville Motor Express, Inc. (MN)


Langford, Inc. (MN)


Lasco Bathware Trucking Company, Inc. (MI)


Lavigne Truck Lines, Inc. (Canada)


LBAS Transportation (GA)


Lester Fellows Co. (NJ)


Linde Gas, LLC (OH)


Li-Way Transfer and Storage (GA)


Mark IV Transportation and Logistics (NJ)


Maverick Transportation, Inc. (AR)


May Trucking Company (OR)


McFarland Truck Lines, Inc. (MN)


McKelvey Trucking Company (AZ)


MDE&E Trucking (TX)


Metropolitan Trucking, Inc. (NJ)


Michel Distribution Services, Inc. (MD)


Midwest Specialized Transportation, Inc. (MN)


MST Freight Services, Inc. (FL)


Muir’s Cartage Limited (Canada)


Muir’s International, Inc. (Canada)


National Distributors, Inc. (IN)


National Freight, Inc. (NJ)


New Century Transportation, Inc. (NJ)


New England Motor Freight (NJ)


New Penn Motor Express, Inc. (PA)


Nick Strimbu, Inc. (OH)


Overnite Express, Inc. (MN)


Overnite Transportation Company (VA)


PAF Transportation, Inc. (ME)


P.A.M. Transport, Inc. (AR)


Panther II Transportation, Inc. (OH)


Paramount Truck Lines Ltd. (Canada)


Paschall Truck Lines, Inc. (KY)


PCC Logistics (CA)


Perdue Transportation, Inc. (MD)


Pike Transportation, Inc. (AL)


Pitt Ohio Express, LLC (PA)


Plains Transportation (TX) 

Pottle’s Transportation, Inc. (ME) 

Quad/Graphics, Inc. (WI) 

Quantum Logistics, LLC (AL) 

Rapid Freightways (CA) 

Refrigerated Food Express, Inc. (MA) 

R & E Enterprises of Mankato, Inc. (MN) 

Reliable Liquid Transport (CA) 

Rhett Butler Trucking, Inc. (AL) 

Rinchem Company, Inc. (NM) 

R&L Trucking, Inc. (AL) 

Roaco Logistics Services (IL) 

RoadLink USA East (PA) 

Rock Creek Transportation, Inc. (MD) 

Roehl Transport, Inc. (WI) 

Schneider National, Inc. (Charter Partner) (WI) 

Shaw Transport, Inc. (GA) 

Signature Truck Lines, Inc. (Canada) 

Smithfield Packing Transportation Co., Inc. (VA) 

Southeastern Freight Lines, Inc. (SC) 

Southern Cal Transport, Inc. (AL) 

Sprint Recycling (NY) 

Stevens Transport (TX) 

Styline Transportation, Inc. (IN) 

Sub Zero Transportation, Inc. (NE) 

Summitt Trucking, LLC (IL) 

Swift Transportation Co., Inc. (Charter Partner) (AZ) 

Taz Trucking (Canada) 

T.D.T., Inc. (FL) 

Terra Renewal Services (AR) 

Texas Department of Transportation (TX) 

Texas Star Express (TX) 

Tig Transportation (NY) 

TP Freight Lines, Inc. (OR) 

Transport America (MN) 

Transport Industries, L.P. (TX) 

Transways Motor Express Co., Inc. (NJ) 

Transport Robert LTEE (Canada) 

Trailwood Transportation, Inc. (MN) 

Triple S Trucking (NE) 

Two Cool Trucking Corp. (NC) 

Two Flags Transportation (Canada) 

Unisource Worldwide, Inc. (GA) 

UPS (Charter Partner) (GA) 

US Xpress Enterprises, Inc/Xpress Global 

Systems, Inc (TN) 

USA Motor Express, Inc. (AL) 

USA Cartage, Inc. (MD) 

USA Truck, Inc. (AR) 

VaughanTransport, Inc. (GA) 

Vitran Logistics (Canada) 

VOA Corporation (FL) 

VTL Group (Canada) 

Walgreen Co. (IL) 

18 SmartWay Transport — 2005 Annual Report 
Watkins Motor Lines, Inc. (FL) 


Watkins & Shepard Trucking, Inc. (MT) 


Wausau Carriers, Inc. (WI)


Wellborn Transportation, Inc. (AL)


Werner Enterprises, Inc. (NE)


Western Aries Co., LLC (NY)


Whitehead Bros, Inc. (AL)


Whole Foods Market, Midwest Distribution (IN)


WSE Transportation, LLC (AR)


YellowRoadway Corporation (Charter Partner) (OH)


Freight Carriers (Rail) 

BNSF Railway Company (KS)


Canadian National Railway Company (Canada)


Canadian Pacific Railway (Canada)


CSX Transportation (FL)


Kansas City Railway Company (MO)


Norfolk Southern Corporation (VA)


Pacific Harbor Line, Inc. (CA)


Union Pacific Railroad (NE) 


Freight Shippers 

American Clean Energy Systems, Inc. (OH) 

Canadian Hydrogen Energy Company Ltd. (Canada) 

Canon U.S.A., Inc. (Charter Partner) (NY) 

Clean Diesel Technologies, Inc. (CT) 

Cozort International, LLC (MO) 

Dell Products L.P. (TX) 

DENSO Manufacturing Michigan, Inc. (MI) 

IdleAire Technologies (TN) 

IKEA North America Services, LLC 

(Charter Partner) (PA) 

Interface, Inc. (Charter Partner) (GA) 

JC Penney (TX) 

J & J Industries, Inc. (GA) 

Labat-Anderson, Inc. (VA) 

Lowe’s (NC) 

Lubri-Loy (MO) 

Michelin North America, Inc. (SC) 

Nike, Inc. (Charter Partner) (OR) 

OFS (IN) 

Owens Corning (OH) 

Philips & Temro Industries (MN) 

Pressure Systems International (TX) 

Sharp Electronics Corporation (NJ) 

Shurepower, LLC (NY) 

The Home Depot, Inc. (Charter Partner) (GA) 

Transportation Systems Solutions, LLC (NC) 

Volvo Logistics North America (NC) 

Shipper-Carriers 

Bridgestone-Firestone North American Tire, LLC (TN)


Coca-Cola Enterprises, Inc (Charter Partner) (GA)


Dennis K. Burke, Inc. (MA)


H-E-B (Charter Partner) (TX)


Schwan’s Logistics, LLC (MN)


Tyson Foods, Inc. (AR)


Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. (AR) 


Logistics Companies 

AFN (Advantage Freight


Network) (IL)


APL Logistics (FL)


BNSF Logistics (AR)


Bullet Freight Systems, 


Inc. (CA) 

Celtic International (CA) 

CH Robinson Worldwide, 

Inc. (MN) 

CRST Logistics, Inc. (NJ) 

NYK Logistics (Americas) (FL) 

Pacer Global Logistics (OH) 

The Radiant Group, LLC (KY) 

Total Logistic Control, LLC (MI) 

Affiliates 

Alliance to Save Energy (DC)


Association of American Railroads (DC)


Businesses for the Bay (MD)


California Trucking Association (CA)


Clean Air Minnesota (MI)


Iowa Motor Truck Association (IA)


Iowa State University Center for Transportation 


Research and Education (IA) 

Lane Regional Air Pollution Authority (OR) 

Maine Motor Transport Association, Inc. (ME) 

Maryland Motor Truck Association (MD) 

Michigan Trucking Association (MI) 

Mid-West Truckers Association, Inc. (IL) 

Minnesota Trucking Association (MTA) (MN) 

Nebraska Trucking Association (NE) 

New Jersey Motor Truck Association (NJ) 

Ohio Trucking Association (OH) 

Pennsylvania Motor Truck Association (PA) 

Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TX) 

Texas Motor Transportation Association (TX) 

Washington Trucking Associations, Inc. (WA) 

Wisconsin Motor Carriers Association (WI) 

Wisconsin Partners for Clean Air (WI) 

SmartWay Transport — 2005 Annual Report 19 
What SmartWay Partners Are Saying


“Our participation in SmartWay is an 

important piece of our global fleet strategy. 

With our first sustainability report issued last fall, we set 

aggressive goals for reducing emissions and increasing 

fuel efficiency. SmartWay provides another way to push 

ourselves to meet, and exceed, those goals.” 

—Mike Herr, Vice President of Environmental Affairs 

United Parcel Service (UPS) 

“I encourage everyone to join Swift in 

becoming a member of SmartWay. 

The very worst thing that’ll happen to you is you’ll save 

fuel which means you’ll make more money.” 

—Dave Berry, Vice President 

Swift Transportation 

“SmartWay...incorporates elements that we 

feel are consistent with how we approach 

our business and how we want our service 

providers to approach things as well.” 

—Sabina Strautman, Environmental Transport 

IKEA USA 

“H-E-B has always believed in putting 

customers and community first. 

Being a good neighbor means safeguarding the health 

and welfare of our customers and partners. SmartWay 

Transport offers opportunities to learn and lead the way 

toward a clean transportation future.” 

—Charles Butt, Chairman and CEO 

H-E-B 

“By joining the SmartWay Transport 

Partnership, Bison Transport demonstrates 

its strong environmental leadership and 

corporate responsibility. 

SmartWay Transport is a perfect fit for us as an 


organization, and its goals tie directly into Bison


Transport’s ongoing mission of becoming more 


efficient and environmentally responsible.”


—Don Streuber, President & CEO 

Bison Transport 

“Averitt Express understands that the future 

of our world rests on the investments we 

make to care for the resources of today. 

Whether that manifests itself as following safe driving 

and freight handling procedures or fulfilling our obligation 

to protect the environment through avenues such as 

EPA’s Smartway program, Averitt Express is answering 

the future’s call.” 

—Scott Wolf, Vice President of Corporate Services 

Averitt Express 

20 SmartWay Transport — 2005 Annual Report 
“Part of the mission of Interface, Inc. is 

to honor the places where we do business 

by endeavoring to become the first name 

in industrial ecology. 

We are striving for zero emissions in our operations, 

including the transportation of our raw materials and 

finished products. We believe that cooperative initiatives, 

such as SmartWay Transport, are an important step 

toward measuring and reducing our environmental 

ground transportation footprint.” 

—Michael Bertolucci, Senior Vice President 

Interface, Inc. 

“I have good news for you. 

New Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) programs 

are providing some of these requirements that are a high 

priority in the training business to achieve performance 

improvements within the transportation industry. 

These improvements can mean substantial savings for 

transportation companies. Who would have thought that 

EPA might become one of our best allies?” 

—Richard Ross, President 

Training Alternatives, Inc. 

“By designing this program, it shows me 

and other carriers that EPA is concerned 

about our business as well as clean air.” 

—Rick Coomes, President 

Coomes Inc. 

“This program gives us the opportunity to 

work with our carriers and logistics centers 

to develop practices and technologies that 

significantly benefit the environment.” 

—Mark Servidio, Vice President 

Sharp Electronics 

“This EPA SmartWay grant is another step 

forward in our nation’s efforts to conserve 

fuel, achieve energy independence, and 

reduce emissions that contribute to soot 

and smog. 

By taking actions, both big and small, to reduce our 

facilities’ energy usage, we are responding to the 

President’s call to conserve and promoting the commonsense efforts we can all make as individuals to reduce 

our energy demand.” 

—Stephen Johnson 

EPA Administrator 

”The freight industry's achievements 

in SmartWay are consistent with 

President Bush’s national call to conserve 

our country’s energy resources and use 

collaborative, innovative approaches to 

resolve environmental problems.” 

—Bill Wehrum, Assistant Administrator 

EPA Office of Air and Radiation 

SmartWay Transport — 2005 Annual Report 21 
Office of Transportation and Air Quality (6401A) 

EPA420-R-06-010 

June 2006 

www.epa.gov/otaq 

Recycled/Recyclable—Printed with vegetable oil based inks on 100% postconsumer, process chlorine free recycled paper.