The data, of course, arrive in the form of encoded radio signals that
must be received with a high degree of reliability and deciphered
with a minimum of errors. With that objective the countries that
participate in the program have worked collectively to establish a
standardized system of transmission and reception of cosmos-earth in-
formation called /Unified Telemetric System/.

The ININTEF [Institute for Basic Technical Research] of the ACC has
already received one station with that system which was installed in
1976 through the joint efforts of the USSR, the GDR, Czechoslovakia
and Cuba. Starting at that date, each time the /Intercosmos/ orbital
laboratories pass over our territory, we can directly receive the in-
formation that they send. This can be deciphered and used directly
or transferred to the scientific collectives of other countries that

Last stage of a launching rocket of an Intercosmos satellite.

10



1
Profesor José
Altshuler,
destacada figura

Professor Jose Altshuler, distinguished Cuban scientist, author of
this article.

Finally, in 1959, the revolution triumphed in Cuba and the establish-
ment of fraternal relations with the socialist bloc became reality.
Among other fundamental benefits for our country, this would soon be
translated into a very important stimulus for national scientific de-
velopment which had remained almost totally stagnant and even, in
many cases, had regressed under the neocolonial republic.

International Collaboration

The first systematic visual observations of satellites were made at
our ACC with Soviet equipment and advisers in 1964,

In 1965 the USSR officially offered to share the experience that it
had accumulated in research on outer space with other socialist coun-
tries in order to develop collaboration in that field. These ideas
became concrete in 1967 when what would later be known as the /Inter-
cosmos Program/ in which nine countries including our own participate
was created.

with the technical and material support of the USSR, a system de-
signed to receive radio signals transmitted by artificial satellites
in order to obtain data for the study of the upper atmosphere was in-
stalled in the IGA [Institute of Geophysics and Astronomy] of the ACC
in 1966, with the same help in the same year two special cameras de-
signed to track satellites--one installed in Havana and the other in
Santiago de Cuba--came into use.

The creation of the /Intercosmos Program/ gave Quba the opportunity
to actively participate in cosmic research in spite of the limita-
tions of our material equipment as well as our scientific personnel.

At the beginning it was decided that the tasks included in this pro-
gram would have to be divided among four work groups: physics,



!

JPRS ~71028

28 April 1978

TRANSLATIONS ON TELECOMMUNICATIONS POLICY,.
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
No, 35

|



Hurricane Camille as it passes through the Gulf of Mexico. The eye
of the storm is perfectly visible in this photograph taken from a
meteorological satellite,

9

Satellite of the Intercosmos series designed for research of outer
space,

12



View of the laser-beam radar installed in Santiago de Cuba to make
geodesic measurements with the aid of artificial satellites,



WORLDWIDE AFFAIRS

JORDAN, JAPAN SIGN AGREEMENT FOR RELAY STATION

Amman JORDAN TIMES in English 21 Mar 78 p 2 JN

[text] amman, March 20 (JNA)--The Jordanian Government and Japan's Nippon Electric Co.
signed an agreement here today under which the firm will construct a new satellite relay
station in Jordan costing $9.5 million, and will introduce improvements to the present
station at Al-Baq'ah.

The project will put Jordan in direct touch with Atlantic and Indian Ocean countries,
making it a central link in world communications.

Minister of Communication 'Abd al-Ra'uf ar-Rawabidah and the director of Jordan's
Telecommunication Corporation, Mr Muhammad Isma'il, signed the agreement on behalf
of Jordan.

In a statement after the signature, Mr Isma'il said the new ground satellite relay
station will put Jordan in touch with several communication satellites orbiting the
earth, including a stationary-orbit satellite over the Atlantic Ocean. The improvements
on the existing Al-Baq'ah station will put Jordan in touch with the stationary-orbit
commmications satellite over the Indian Ocean, This, he said, would make Jordan able
to communicate with both Atlantic and Indian Ocean countries, providing telephone and
telex links and other services.

He expressed the hope that the new station will start operations seventeen months from

now. According to the agreement, construction costs will be paid over a period of
eight years. -

cso: 5500



CONTENTS (Continued)

Minister Meets With French Telecommunications Team
(NCNA, 19 Mar 78).. .

EASTERN EUROPE
INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS

Poland Receives GDR Communications Delegation

(Warsaw Domestic Service, 7 Apr 78)..sccccceeseceees
Briefs
Polish Communications Accord With Hungary
Bulgarian-Hungarian Radio Cooperation
BULGARIA

Minister Exposes Problems in Communications
CIMPULS, 15 Feb 78)...eceeececceeccceencsceeeeseeeee

Officials Discuss Achievements, Weaknesses in Communica-—
tions
(IMPULS, 15 Feb 78).. .

Ships Adopt Satellite Communications System for Navigation
(OTECHESTVEN FRONT, 27 Mar 78)...

CZECHOSLOVAKIA
Briefs
Automation in Communication
Telephones in CSSR
LATIN AMERICA
COSTA RICA

Assembly To Shelve Radio-Television Bill
(San Jose Cadena de Emisoras Columbia, 28 Mar 78) ...

PARAGUAY

Briefs
New FM Station

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
SOUTH AFRICA

Data Corp Bags Mini-Computer Agency
(Tony Koenderman; SUNDAY TIMES, 2 Apr 78)..........- .

Page

22

23

24
24

25

37

46

49

50

51



JPRS 71028

28 April 1978

TRANSLATIONS ON TELECOMMUNICATIONS POLICY,
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
No. 35
ConTENTS

WORLDWIDE AFFAIRS

Jordan, Japan Sign Agreement for Relay Station
(JORDAN TIMES, 21 Mar 78)....eceeeeecce cence eceeeeeeee

PRC Wants To Use FRG Communications Satellite
(DPA, 5 Apr 78). cccececcececcecereececenceceeseesecnce

Cuba, Poland Establish Direct Telephone Link
(Havana Domestic Service, 31 Mar 78)...cceeesceeeeeves

Cuba Participates in USSR Cosmic Research
(Jose Altshuler; CUBA INTERNACIONAL, Feb 78).........-

Norwegian Telecommunications Official on Soviet Radio
Interference
(AFTENPOSTEN, 20 Mar 78). ...eeeeccccesccececeeecerecee

Cuba-Bulgaria Telephone Line Inaugurated in Havana
(Havana Domestic Service, 14 Apr 78)........ seen ceeeee

Japan To Build Satellite Ground Station in Jordan
(AL-DUSTUR, 21 Mar 78)........4- bee e ence cence en enee

Briefs
Polish Media Agreement With Finland

ASIA

PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA

Kiangsu Military District Produces Microwave Equipment
(Kiangsu Provincial Service, 30 Mar 78).....eeeeeeeeee

PAGE

15
16
17

19

20

-a- [III - InT - 140]



Launching rocket of a satellite of the Intercosmos series.

collaborate in the experiment. All this gives the Cuban scientific
workers the opportunity to realize modern studies of the upper at-
mosphere, the magnetic field, the sun, the natural resources of the
earth, etc.

Since Cuba is an insular country which means it is very important to
have insured communication with other continents, it is not unusual
that our Ministry of Communications has been the organization that
from the beginning has concerned itself with coordinating the national
work related to the cosmos. The specialists of that ministry are
those who are most interested in the research and the use of outer
space for the development of telecommunications. The most important
practical result achieved in this field until now is the /Caribe/
land station that is an integral part of the international network

of cosmic communications of the /Intersputnik/ system. It is about
40 kilometers from the center of the capital, Inaugurated at the end
of 1973, it is an effective transmitting and receiving station with
equipment designed and constructed in the USSR. It communicates pre-
sently with the rest of the system through communications satellites

11



CONTENTS (Continued) Page
PCI Organ Criticizes Funding of All-Italian TV Satellite
(L'UNITA, 8 Mar 78)..... secesecccccccccecscccesevesens 185
SWITZERLAND
Fundamental Principles of the Integrated Telecommunications

System (IFS) :
(Walter Suter; TECHNISCHE MITTEILUNGEN, No 9, 1977)... 188


JPRS 71028

28 April 1978

TRANSLATIONS ON TELECOMMUNICATIONS POLICY,, .
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ; WIDE
No, 35 ‘

DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A
Approved for Public Release
Distribution Unlimited

; \
Reproduced From

Sami, ony 025 136

\
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U. S. JOINT PUBLICATIONS RESEARCH SERVICE

REPRODUCED BY
NATIONAL TECHNICAL
INFORMATION SERVICE

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
SPRINGFIELD, VA. 22161



WORLDWIDE AFFAIRS

CUBA, POLAND ESTABLISH DIRECT TELEPHONE LINK

Havana Domestic Service in Spanish 2033 GMT 31 Mar 78 FL

[text] With a telephone conversation between Pedro Guelmes, PCC Central Committee member
and Cuban communications minister and Professor and Engineer Edward Kowalezyk, Polish
communications minister, the [telephone] link which joins the two countries was officially
inauguarated today. In the telephone conversation, the Cuban communications minister
stated that today is a special day for the two countries because for the first time

Cuba has had a direct link with Poland. He also stated that the new telephone link
between Cuba and Poland will permit communication with other countries, since to date this
has only been possible through the Intersputnik system, which he indicated works very well.

Also in on the telephone line inauguration were Cuban First Vice Minister of Communications
Rene Hernandez (Cartalla) and Polish Ambassador Ryszard Majchrzak.,

In a brief meeting with the press, engineer Salvador Gutierrez, national director of
radio of the Cuban Communications Ministry, stated that with this inauguration of the
telephone link between Cuba and Poland there are now four such lines with the socialist
camp. He added that the achievement was the result of an agreement made by the Intersputnik
system administrative council which planned the telephone circuit between Cuba and Poland
for this year. For his part, Eng Felix Santiago, director of Cuban International Tele-
communications, said that a telephone call between Havana and Warsaw will cost 12.54

pesos for 3 minutes. To make the call, one needs to dial 09 in Havana City and 00

in the interior of the country.

cso: 5500



WORLDWIDE AFFAIRS

PRC WANTS TO USE FRG COMMUNICATIONS SATELLITE

Hamburg DPA in German 1118 GMI 5 Apr 78 LD

{Text ] Bonn--The PRC wants to use one of the German-French "Symphony" space communicas)
tions satellites for its experimental telephone communications and to transmit tele-
vision programs within the country. This is one of the topics to be discussed by a
German delegation of experts which, according to the Research Ministry in Bonn on
Wednesday, is now visiting Peking. The delegation includes representatives of the
ministry, the Symphony secretariat as well as of the German Research and Experimental
Center for Air and Space Travel and the space travel and electrical engineering
industries.

In this connection the Research Ministry announced that the Chinese would use the
"symphony A" satellite, which is already being used by India, Iran and will shortly
pe used by Indonesia as well. This visit by the German delegation, which will also
visit several satellite earth stations developed by the PRC, is also aimed at pre-
paring for the scheduled fall visit to Bonn by PRC Vice Premier Fang I, minister in
charge of State Science and Technology Commission.

cso; 5500



CONTENTS (Continued) Page

NIXDORF Investment Increase Reported

(Tony Koenderman; SUNDAY TIMES, 2 Apr 78)... 52
TANZANIA
Earth Satellite Station To Be Built Through Japanese
Loan
(Brown Lenga; TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 6 Apr 78).......-+- eee 53
TOGO
Cacavelli Ground Station Progress Noted
(TOGO-PRESSE, 13 Jan 78).......---- eee . 54
WESTERN EUROPE
FRANCE
Future Telecommunications Developments Discussed
(Michel Lafon; REVUE FRANCAISE DES TELECOMMUNICA-
TIONS, Jan 78)........000- ae ceecccccccccae see eee eee 56
ITALY
Urban Junction Stations in Radio-Link Networks
(C. Colavito, C. Rudilosso; NOTE, RECENSIONI E
NOTIZIE, May-Aug 75)......-.0e0s tee e cee cence bee e eee 69

Performance of Photodetector for Optical Communication
Systems
(B. Daino, F. Lombardi; NOTE, RECENSIONI E

NOTIZIE, Jan-Apr 76)....seeeeeececoee se eeeees 90

Design Criteria of Terrestrial Telecommunication Systems
Above 10 GHz
(F. Fedi, et al.; NOTE, RECENSIONI E NOTIZIE,
Jan-Apr 75)..eeseeeeeeee a 0

Rainfall Rate Within ISPT-FUB Research on Radiopropagation
Above 10 GHz
(F. Fedi, et al.; NOTE, RECENSIONI E NOTIZIE,
Jan-Apr 75)....se08- eee cee cee renee eens nsec eeeeeree 136



The Caribe land station is part of the Intersputnik system and per-
mits Cuba to exchange color television programs with the rest of the
world and to establish highly reliable international communications.

13



ITALY

DESIGN CRITERIA OF TERRESTRIAL TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEMS ABOVE 10 GHz

Rome NOTE, RECENSIONI E NOTIZIE in Italian Jan-Apr 75 pp 33-69
[Article by F, Fedi, R. Koch, B, Peroni]
[Text] 1. Introduction

In the autumn of 1967 the Director of the Head Office of the Postal-Tele-
graph Agency (ISPT) asked the Ugo Bordoni Foundation (FUB) to look into
the possibility of inaugurating studies in the field of higher frequency
communication systems,

The Bordoni proposed studies on the conditions for free propagation of

_ electromagnetic waves at frequencies above 10 gigahertz and on the
influence exerted by atmospheric precipitation on their space-time
structure,

The ISPT looked with favor on this proposal and included this subject on
the list of those presented by the Italian delegation at meetings of the
Telecommunications experts groups of the European Community, so as to
formulate research projects at the Pan-European level, This proposal
awakened a lively interest in other European countries and was included
among the subjects to be considered for European cooperation in January
1968.

Following up these developments, the FUB, after concluding a series of
preliminary studies, elaborated and presented to the ISPT in early 1969
a complete program of studies on the above-mentioned subject, envisioned
as taking three years to complete,

The ISPT, allowing for the importance of the subject, felt it would be
good to involve the Higher Council of Telecommunication Engineers (CSTT),
to whom the program was presented in February 1969.

“102 ‘



Field spectrometer designed and constructed by Cuban and Bulgarian
technicians, an effective aid in the preliminary work of teledetec-
tion of the earth.

meteorology, communications and biology and medicine. In 1975 the
advantage of adding one on teledetection of the earth through aero-
space means became evident. With the passage of years, Cuban parti-
cipation in the mentioned groups has increased as a result of the
continual increase in the number of graduates of higher education
and the improvement of the organization of science and technology at
the national level, Nevertheless, our participation in the program
is still very modest,

Meteorology and Geophysics

Direct information transmitted by meteorological satellites is re-
ceived daily at the Institute of Meteorology of our ACC. It is used

6



Signals from the stationary satellites, subjected to the Faraday ef-

fect when passing through the ionosphere, are attracted by a
polarimeter,

Telemetry, Communications and Teledetection

At present 17 satellites have been put into orbit by the /Intercosmos
Program/ plus 5 meteorological sounding rockets [cohetes estratosfericos].
These represent dozens of experiments with their corresponding input of data
that the scientific collectives of the different countries involved in these
experiments receive.



1. Report No.
Sree ORAPHIC DATA JPRS 71028

3. Recipient's Accession No.

4, Tile and Subtiele

AND DEVELOPMENT, No.

TRANSLATIONS ON TELECOMMUNICATIONS POLICY, RESEARCH

3. Report Date
28 April 1978

6.

7, Author(s)

8. Performing Organization Rept.
Jo.

9. Performing Organization Name and Address

‘Joint Publications Research Service
1000 North Glebe Road

Arlington, Virginia 22201

10. Project/Task/Work Unit No.

V1, Contract /Grant No.

12. Sponsoring Organization Name and Address

As above

13. Type of Report & Period
Covered

15. Supplementary Notes

16. Abstracts

This serial report contains translations from the world press and radio relating
to worldwide political, economic and technical developments in telecommunications,|
computers, and satellite communications.
on France, Federal Republic of Germany, United Kingdom, Italy, Japan, the USSR,
People's Republic of China, Sweden, and the Netherlands.

Coverage will be worldwide with focus

17. Key Words and Document Analysis. 17a. Descriptors

Worldwide

Computers

Satellite Communications

Electronics and Electrical Engineering
Telecommunications

Telemetry

17b. Identifiers /Open-Ended Terms

17c. COSATI Fie ld/Group O9B, C, F, 17B, 22B

18. Availability Statement

Sold by NTIS

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WORLDWIDE AFFAIRS

CUBA PARTICIPATES IN USSR COSMIC RESEARCH
Havana CUBA INTERNACIONAL in Spanish Feb 78 pp 44-47

[Exclusive report by Professor Jose Altshuler, Dr. Sc., chairman of
the Intercosmos Committee of Cuba: "The Cosmos Also Interests Us";
passages enclosed in slantlines printed in italics]

[Text] Professor Jose Altshuler, a distinguished
Cuban scientist, chairman of the Intercosmos Com-
mittee and deputy director of the ACC [Cuban Aca-
demy of Sciences], has written this exclusive re-
port explaining some Cuban achievements and pros-
pects in research on outer space and its use for
peaceful objectives,

Many epoech-making events have occurred in our century. At the same
time that we have just celebrated the 60th anniversary of the Great
October Revolution--beginning of an unparalleled stage in the history
of human society--we realize that we have already spent 35 years liv-
ing dangerously in the "nuclear age" and between 20 and 30 years im-
mersed in the "scientific-technical revolution."

The "cosmic age" was inaugurated 2 decades ago when the Soviet Union
put the first man-made earth satellite, /Sputnik 1/, into orbit on

4 October 1957. Barely 20 years after that extraordinary event, man
has already been able to enter cosmic space and visit the moon while
automatic planetary stations have been able to explore several plan-
ets in the solar system in various ways. Without doubt, progress has
been rapid in this unique field which only a few years ago was still
comfortably part of the most daring science fiction.

The year 1957 marked the beginning of the tasks of the /International
Geophysical Year/ and constituted an appropriate framework for the
beginning of the "cosmic age." Nationally, a hard and heroic fight
of the people was taking place at that time in our cities and moun-
tains which each day claimed its quota of priceless lives. In gen-
eral, it was not the most appropriate time for our people to be seri-
ously concerned about the cosmos.



not only to make weather forecasts but also for research. Some of
this is part of the list of problems that have to be solved with in-
ternational participation within the framework of /Intercosmos/.

The IGA of the ACC does research on the ionosphere (the upper layer
of the atmosphere which reflects shortwaves which originate on earth
back down to earth) using signals from artificial satellites. A con-
exete example in this line of work is the measurement of the so-called
"Paraday effect" that we have been doing with the GDR since 1974,

The collaboration of Czechoslovakia, the USSR, Poland, the GDR, Hun-
gary and Cuba in the work group on cosmic physics made it possible
for the IGA to receive a laser-beam radar station which was installed
in Santiago de Cuba in the middle of 1977, Its basic objective is to
make high precision geodesic measurements with the aid of man-made
satellites. As part of the international network of similar stations
created by /Intercosmos/, it will contribute to knowledge about the
shape and size of the earth with extraordinary precision, a matter of
great interest to the earth sciences. Also through geodesic satel-
lites and stations like this, it is possible to increase the quality
of triangulation of the country significantly and with great speed
and economy. Finally it is necessary to add that the basic respon-
sibility for maintaining and operating the station belongs to young
Cuban scientists; they have received training in Czechoslovakia and
other socialist countries,

Partial view of the equipment of the unified telemetric system sta-
tion installed in Cuba.