Page 1189 TITLE 22—FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE § 5442

§ 5426. United States policy of private financial

support for Polish and Hungarian credit

unions

(a) In general

In order to facilitate the development of indigenous credit unions in Poland and Hungary, it is

the policy of the United States that—

(1) United States citizens, financial institutions (other than federally insured depository

institutions), and other persons may make

contributions and loans to, make capital deposits in, and provide other forms of financial

and technical assistance to credit unions in

Poland and Hungary; and

(2) federally insured depository institutions

may provide technical assistance to credit

unions in Poland and Hungary, to the extent

that the provision of such assistance is prudent and not inconsistent with safe and sound

banking practice.

(b) Omitted

(c) Definitions

For purposes of subsection (a) of this section—

(1) the term ‘‘credit union’’ means a member-owned, nonprofit, cooperative depository

institution—

(A) which is formed to permit individuals

in the field of membership specified in such

institution’s charter to pool their savings,

lend the savings to one another, and own the

organization where they save, borrow, and

obtain related financial services; and

(B) whose members are united by a common bond and democratically operate the institution; and

(2) the term ‘‘federally insured depository

institution’’ means—

(A) any insured depository institution (as

defined in section 1813(c)(2) of title 12); and

(B) any insured credit union (as defined in

section 1752(7) of title 12).

(Pub. L. 101–179, title II, §206, Nov. 28, 1989, 103

Stat. 1310.)

CODIFICATION

Section is comprised of section 206 of Pub. L. 101–179.

Subsec. (b) of section 206 of Pub. L. 101–179 amended

section 1757 of Title 12, Banks and Banking.

SUBCHAPTER III—EDUCATIONAL,

CULTURAL, AND SCIENTIFIC ACTIVITIES

§ 5441. Educational and cultural exchanges and

sister institutions programs with Poland and

Hungary

(a) Educational and cultural exchanges

(1) Support for expanded U.S. participation

The United States should expand its participation in educational and cultural exchange

activities with Poland and Hungary, using the

full array of existing government-funded and

privately-funded programs, with particular

emphasis on the J. William Fulbright Educational Exchange Program, the International

Visitors Program, the Samantha Smith Memorial Exchange Program, the exchange programs of the National Academy of Sciences,

youth and student exchanges through such

private organizations as The Experiment in

International Living, The American Field

Service Committee, and Youth for Understanding, and research exchanges sponsored by

the International Research and Exchanges

Board (IREX).

(2) Emphasis on skills in business and economics

The United States should place particular

emphasis on expanding its participation in

educational exchange activities that will assist in developing the skills in business and

economics that are necessary for the development of a free market economy in Poland and

Hungary.

(b) Binational Fulbright commissions

The United States should take all appropriate

action to establish binational Fulbright commissions with Poland and Hungary in order to

facilitate and enhance academic and scholarly

exchanges with those countries.

(c) Reciprocal cultural centers

The President should consider the establishment of reciprocal cultural centers in Poland

and the United States and in Hungary and the

United States to facilitate government-funded

and privately-funded cultural exchanges.

(d) Sister institutions programs

The President shall act to encourage the establishment of ‘‘sister institution’’ programs between American and Polish organizations and

between American and Hungarian organizations,

including such organizations as institutions of

higher education, cities and towns, and organizations in such fields as medicine and health

care, business management, environmental protection, and agricultural research and marketing.

(e) Authorization of appropriations

To enable the United States Information

Agency to support the activities described in

this section, there are authorized to be appropriated $12,000,000 for the 3-year period beginning October 1, 1989, in addition to amounts

otherwise available for such purposes.

(Pub. L. 101–179, title IV, §401, Nov. 28, 1989, 103

Stat. 1314.)

§ 5442. Poland-Hungary scholarship partnership

(a) Establishment of scholarship program

The Administrator of the Agency for International Development is authorized to establish

and administer a program of scholarship assistance, in cooperation with State governments,

universities, community colleges, and businesses, to provide scholarships to enable students from Poland and Hungary to study in the

United States.

(b) Emphasis on business and economics

The scholarship program provided for in this

section shall emphasize scholarships to enable

students from Poland and Hungary to study

business and economics in the United States.

Such scholarships may be provided for study in

programs that range from the standard manage-
§ 5443 TITLE 22—FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE Page 1190

ment courses to more specialized assistance in

commercial banking and the creation of a stock

market.

(c) Grants to States

In carrying out this section, the Administrator may make grants to States to provide

scholarship assistance for undergraduate or

graduate degree programs, and training programs of one year or longer, in study areas related to the critical development needs of Poland and Hungary.

(d) Consultation with States

The Administrator shall consult with the participating States with regard to the educational

opportunities available within each State and

on the assignment of scholarship recipients.

(e) Federal share

The Federal share for each year for which a

State receives payments under this section shall

not be more than 50 percent.

(f) Non-Federal share

The non-Federal share of payments under this

section may be in cash, including the waiver of

tuition or the offering of in-State tuition or

housing waivers or subsidies, or in-kind fairly

evaluated, including the provision of books or

supplies.

(g) Forgiveness of scholarship assistance

The obligation of any recipient to reimburse

any entity for any or all scholarship assistance

provided under this section shall be forgiven

upon the recipient’s prompt return to Poland or

Hungary, as the case may be, for a period which

is at least one year longer than the period spent

studying in the United States with scholarship

assistance.

(h) Private sector participation

To the maximum extent practicable, each participating State shall enlist the assistance of

the private sector to enable the State to meet

the non-Federal share of payments under this

section. Wherever appropriate, each participating State shall encourage the private sector to

offer internships or other opportunities consistent with the purposes of this section to students

receiving scholarships under this section.

(i) Funding

Grants to States pursuant to this section shall

be made with funds made available to carry out

chapter 1 of part I of the Foreign Assistance Act

of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2151 and following; relating to

development assistance) or chapter 4 of part II

of that Act (22 U.S.C. 2346 and following; relating to the economic support fund). In addition

to amounts otherwise available for such purpose

under those chapters, there are authorized to be

appropriated $10,000,000 for the 3-year period beginning October 1, 1989, for use in carrying out

this section.

(j) Restrictions not applicable

Prohibitions on the use of foreign assistance

funds for assistance for Poland and Hungary

shall not apply with respect to the funds made

available to carry out this section.

(k) ‘‘State’’ defined

As used in this section, the term ‘‘State’’

means each of the several States, the District of

Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico,

Guam, American Samoa, the Virgin Islands, the

Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, and the

Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands.

(Pub. L. 101–179, title IV, §402, Nov. 28, 1989, 103

Stat. 1315.)

REFERENCES IN TEXT

The Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, referred to in subsec. (i), is Pub. L. 87–195, Sept. 4, 1961, 75 Stat. 424, as

amended. Chapter 1 of part I and chapter 4 of part II of

the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 are classified generally to part I (§2151 et seq.) of subchapter I and part IV

(§2346 et seq.) of subchapter II, respectively, of chapter

32 of this title. For provisions deeming references to

part I of subchapter I to include a reference to section

2293 of this title, see section 2293(d)(1) of this title. For

complete classification of this Act to the Code, see

Short Title note set out under section 2151 of this title

and Tables.

TERMINATION OF TRUST TERRITORY OF THE PACIFIC

ISLANDS

For termination of Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, see note set out preceding section 1681 of Title

48, Territories and Insular Possessions.

§ 5443. Science and technology exchange with Poland and Hungary

(a) Agreement with Poland

There are authorized to be appropriated to the

Secretary of State for purposes of continuing to

implement the 1987 United States-Polish science

and technology agreement—

(1) $1,500,000 for fiscal year 1990,

(2) $2,000,000 for fiscal year 1991, and

(3) $2,000,000 for fiscal year 1992.

(b) Agreement with Hungary

There are authorized to be appropriated to the

Secretary of State for purposes of implementing

the 1989 United States-Hungarian science and

technology agreement—

(1) $500,000 for fiscal year 1990,

(2) $1,000,000 for fiscal year 1991, and

(3) $1,000,000 for fiscal year 1992.

(c) Definition of agreements being funded

For purposes of this section—

(1) the term ‘‘1987 United States-Polish

science and technology agreement’’ refers to

the agreement concluded in 1987 by the United

States and Poland, entitled ‘‘Agreement Between the Government of the United States of

America and the Polish People’s Republic on

Cooperation in Science and Technology and

Its Funding’’, together with annexes relating

thereto; and

(2) the term ‘‘1989 United States-Hungarian

science and technology agreement’’ refers to

the agreement concluded in 1989 by the United

States and Hungary, entitled ‘‘Agreement Between the Government of the United States of

America and the Government of the Hungarian People’s Republic for Scientific and Technology Cooperation’’, together with annexes

relating thereto.

(Pub. L. 101–179, title IV, §403, Nov. 28, 1989, 103

Stat. 1316.)