YUGOSLAVIA

LAW ON PROGRAM FOR CONSTRUCTION AND MODERNIZATION OF THE TECHNICAL FACILI-
TIES OF RADIO YUGOSLAVIA BETWEEN 1976 AND 1980

Belgrade SLUZBENI LIST SFRJ in Serbo-Croatian No 34, 8 Jul 77 pp 1376-1377

{Law enacted by the SFRY Assembly in a session of the Federal Chamber on
29 June 1977]

[Text] Article 1

This law establishes the Program for Construction and Modernization of the
Technical Facilities of Radio Yugoslavia Between 1976 and 1980 for whose
fulfillment funds have been provided for by federal law.

Article 2

The Program for Construction and Modernization of the Technical Facilities
of Radio Yugoslavia Between 1976 and 1980 encompasses the following:

1) preparation of preliminary and working designs for modernization of the
Short-Wave Broadcasting Center and the Production Center;

2) construction of buildings and installations for the Short-Wave Broad-
casting Center and the Production Center;

3) purchase and installation of equipment for the Short-Wave Broadcasting
Center;

4) purchase and installation of equipment for the Production Center;

5) purchase and installation of radio relay devices to link the Production
Center with the Short-Wave Broadcasting Center;

6) purchase and installation of radio relay devices to link Radio Yugosla—
via with radio broadcasting centers in the republics and autonomous prov-
inces;

7) advance training of personnel.

13



FRANCE

CREDITEL FINANCIAL OPERATIONS, LIMITATIONS DESCRIBED
Paris REVUE DES PIT DE FRANCE in French No 5, 1976 pp 4-9

Lf: Article by Jacques Cortot: "Financing and Payment Activities of CREDITEL." 7
f" Text_7 It should be recalled that CREDITEL'S mission, like that of other
similar organizations, is to assure financing through property and real estate
lease-lending of equipment and buildings intended for telecommunications and
ordered by the administration of the PTT.

Accredited as a financing company for telecommunications in October 1972, CRED-
ITEL immediately made an agreement with the PTT administration, regulating for
a five year period its general operating ‘conditions and its fee calculation
basis. Within the legal framework thus defined, yearly formal agreements, by
arrangement with the administration, set the sums to be financed by CREDITEL
and the practical modalities determining its fee levels.

With regard to the company's operating modalities, two essential points only
will be emphasized: the individualization of these operations and their purely
financial character.

It will be noticed first of all that the sums noted in the agreements are allo-
cated to the financing of individual operations; for example, construction of

a given building, the creation or extension of a given telephone exchange,
supplying of a given set of equipment; each of these operations being the sub-
ject of a particular contract made by the administration with a building
contractor, Financing of each of these contracts is guaranteed by signature

of a construction contract and a lease-lending contract between the adminis-
tration and CREDITEL. This method makes it possible to apply to the company's
operations the techniques and legal regulations of lease-lending, which implies,

of course, at management level, the necessity of individual execution of con-
tracts.

The second point, which from this point of view is worth remembering, is the
following: CREDITEL operations retain an exclusively financial character, and
in conformity with the text of the 2h December 1969 law instituting telecomm-

34



TOGO

TELEVISION NETWORK COVERS 75 PERCENT OF COUNTRY
Lome TOGO PRESSE DENYIGBA in French 22 Jun 77 pp 1, 5

[Statement given on 21 June 1977 by Kwaovi Benyi Johnson,
minister of information]

[Excerpts] As of yesterday, Tuesday, 21 June
1977, all our compatriots living in the mari-
time regions, the Plateau regions, the

Central region, the Kara region, and as far

as the Mango Pass, will now be able to watch
Togolese television. The news was announced
yesterday by Kwaovi Benyi Johnson, a member

of the Central Committee and minister of
information, Through this expansion of

the national television network, Gen Gnassingbe
Eyadema has once more proved his desire to
lead our country out of underdevelopment.

For in addition to the informational role,
television in particular and’all the mass
media in general, have the task of forming

and transforming the attitude of the citizens.
With this expansion of its network, national
television now covers approximately 75 percent
of the country.

Here, in extenso, is Mr Johnson's statement.

Television pictures used not to be received beyond Kpalime.
But those that you see now can be seen simultaneously in Lome,
Aneko, Tabligbo, Vo, Tsevie, Notse, Amlame, Badou, Kloto,
Atakpame, Sotouboua, Tchaoudjo, Bassar, Bafilo, Lama~Kara,
Niamtougou, Pagouda, Kante, and the Mango Pass.

All the audiovisual means, and particularly television, are
neither a luxury for us nor some kind of gadget, nor yet a
delusion. We consider them to be preferential means of
development.

30



With the same concern for lightening management, it was decided to turn to
frequent use of subcontracting for certain essentially technical tasks not
related to our specific activity, and which it would probably have been more
costly to try to provide through the company's own means. Thus, a portion of
administrative and accounting management (notably all general accounting) has
been entrusted to a service company, the Real Estate and Financial Union (UFFI).

Taking into account this organization which frees personnel from numerous rep-
etitious or routine tasks, CREDITEL can manage with particularly light admin-
istrative structures, Thus, the company has only seven salaried employees,
and only three of them are full-time.

The president and director general and the managing director both devote only
a part of their activity to CREDITEL. They represent the company at its
highest level, conduct negotiations with the PTT administration and banking
pools, make important decisions, and determine, in agreement with the admin-
istrative council and the general assembly, the major directions of present
and future activity.

The secretary to the council becomes involved principally in the preparation
and meeting of company organs, councils, and assemblies, and insures thet their
operations are in compliance with legal requirements,

A technical advisor, also part-time, assists in finalizing and maintenance of
data-gathering programming, as well as preparing negotiations on agreements,
which requires very thorough estimate studies.

The permanent staff of CREDITEL comprises only three persons: a manager, a
research officer, and a secretary. It assures in a way the continuity of the
company: answers to current questions, day-to-day administration, inspection
of invoices, correspondence... It also takes part in the preparation of
various negotiations. Lastly, one of its main functions is assuring consistent
coordination among the different elements contributing directly or indirectly
to administration (data gathering, accounting, outside services); assuring

synthesizing of current information on the enterprise's progress, and informing
general management.

This internal organization, characterized by its great flexibility, is expected
to make it possible for the company to face its future development in very
economical conditions.

Development and Prospects
CREDITEL has already made a significant contribution to the financing effort
undertaken for the development of telecommunications. Thus, the five annual

agreements signed by the company, since its creation, with the PTT adminis-
tration, amount to a contract total of 2.5 billion francs before tax, or over

39


o

PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA

MODEL XB-J-I LASER COMMUNICATOR
Peking JINMIN CHUGOKU in Japanese May 77 p 60
{Article by Ma Shou-ts'en (7456 1108 1478)]

[Text] In laser communicators, there is the single-channel type and the
multi-channel type. The XB-J-I laser communicator, which is being displayed

in the heavy industry section of the current PRC Exhibition, belongs to the
former type.

The use of laser in communication is a modern, new method. This communication
method uses the laser beam, which is invisible to the naked eye and is highly
directional, as a signal carrier wave. Since this wave travels in a fixed
direction, it has an excellent security feature. The laser beam is not
affected by other electrical waves in the atmosphere and the transmitting
sound as well as the receiving sound are exceptionally clear.

Therefore, in preventing jamming, it is incomparably better than the conventional
radio communication.

This laser communicator, which utilizes gallium-arsenide diodes, uses light
signal as the carrier wave and optical transmitting lens to set the direction.
As power sources, both alternating and direct currents can be used.

The communication range is 20 km but if this instrument is used as a repeater,
the communication range can be lengthened.

The XB-J-I laser communicator was researched and manufactured at the wireless
factory in Ch'ang-Ch'un City, Kirin Province. During the research and
manufacturing stages, factory laborers and staff employees strictly observed
the operational procedure calling for the "three union" of the research
department, production department and utilization department, and the "three
union" of laborers, cadres and technicians.

Furthermore, great efforts were expended to raise the reliability of this
laser communicator and to enable dependable communication of good quality under
any weather condition.



scenarios were studied by the Service of Programs and Financial Affairs,
primarily focused on problems raised by the financing of telecommunications
development.

But together with the administrative step which we have just described,
the plan is also the culmination of an entire coordination process.

The commissions of the plan were installed in October 1975, One of the
"sectorial" commissions was the Transportation and Communications Commission.
Its area of coverage was very broad: urban transportation, territorial
transportation, international transportation, mails, and telecommunications.

The principal scenarios for telecommunications development studied by the
interministerial study group, were examined and discussed by the commission,
who also considered a certain number of documents established by the General
Directorate of Telecommunications, specifically concerned with the economic
and social implications of telecommunications, and which intended to show
how telecommunications could contribute to the achievement of the major
goals of the Seventh Plan.

The Transportation and Communications Commission presented its report in
March 1976. This report showed the necessary priority which would have to

be devoted to telecommunications in the Seventh Plan, and insisted that a
significant effort would have to be made in this domain, as part of a priority
action program.

We thus reach the final phase: synthesizing the work of the interministerial
study groups and of the coordination commissions, the General Plan Board
established the Seventh Plan project, which was adopted by the government in
April 1976, and approved by Parliament in June 1976 on the advice of the
Economic and Social Council.

Among the 25 programs of priority action which were retained as a Function of
their contribution to the achievement of the ultimate objectives of the plan,
the priority action program number 4, "improving the country's telephone
equipment," effectively gives Telecommunications the means to place a quality
telephone at; the disposal of all French people. The financial effort which
has been accepted will make it possible to reduce the average connection
delay to three and one half months in 1980, to reach a level of 19.3 million
main lines in 1982, and bring the quality of service up to international
standards, whether in terms of subscriber line quality, or communication
quality.

11,023

49


Update and introduce more flexibility in the methods for preparing the Seventh
Plan; for greater efficiency, reduce the number of commissions and their
memberships; without abandoning specific goals in priority sectors, shift
emphasis toward the statement of preferences and hierarchies in the plan's
content; increase the participation of administrations in planning work.

But this time, the death of President Pompidou in April 1974, postponed
everything again.

During these events, the internal preparation in Telecommunications continued
nevertheless. It began as early as the summer of 1973 within the General
Directorate of Telecommunications, with the creation of four work groups:
"Evaluation of Demand for Telecommunications Services," "Network Equipment
Policy, Consequences for Industry and Research-Development," "Personnel
Policy," and "Rates Policy." The reports of these groups, delivered in

April 1974, served to start a large number of studies which were then conducted
on a permanent basis. In August 1974, these studies resulted in a first file,
to be used as a foundation for coordination as soon as the government could
establish the framework for the preparation of the Seventh Plan.

January-July 1975:. Preliminary Orientations

Following his election as President of the Republic, Mr Giscard d'Estaing
designated Mr Chirac as prime minister. Given the worrisome economic
situation, the new government team began by taking short term measures
(Plan Fourcade of June 1974), with the result that problems concerning the
Seventh Plan were not attacked until the fall of 1974. On 11 December 1974,
the prime minister delivered his directives to the new plan cémmissioner,
Mr Ripert; the preliminary orientation of the Seventh Plan was to be the
topic of a report which would be submitted to Parliament at its spring 1975
session. The future plan would present a limited number of goals in strategic
domains for the 1976-1980 period, and retain a group of very selective
programs of action designed to allow the fulfillment of these goals, joined
by a guarantee of implementation from the state.

In accordance with the letter from the prime minister, four coordination
commissions were installed in mid-January 1975; they were composed of
representatives from employees’ unions, professional organizations, heads

of enterprises, local elected officials, administrations, and universities.

The topics of their projects were respectively: "Growth, employment, and
financing of the Seventh Plan," "France's economic and financial relations
abroad," "Social inegalities," and "Territorial preparation and life environment."
At the same time, questionnaires were sent to regional groups, requesting their
points of view.

During this preliminary orientation phase, telecommunications were of concern
especially and indirectly to the commission on "Territorial preparation and
life environment," which was the only one which had a representative of the
PTT. This commission recognized that the means of telecommunication were

47


FRANCE

1

TELECOMMUNICATIONS' PLASE IN GOVERNMENT PLAN REVIEWED
Paris REVUE DES PTT DE FRANCE in French No 1, 1977 pp 19-24

[Article by Daniel Gourdellier, Engineer, and Alain Hoffmann, Economist, in
the Service of Programs and Financial Affairs of the General Directorate of
Telecommunications]

[Text] The development of means of telecommunication was not among the
priorities of the first French development plans. It was only the adoption
of the Sixth Plan that started this vast effort, which is presently at its
peak, for recovering the delay of French telephone equipment with respect
to its principal partners.

The main decisions which mark this "recovery" effort were:

Spring 1971: Adoption of the Sixth Plan, one of whose outstanding orientations
was the total automation of the country;

25 January 1973: Taking into consideration the magnitude of the demand, an
interministerial committee re-evaluates the Sixth Plan;

1974: With an equipment budget of 10.3 billion francs for the year,
telecommunications becomes the largest public investor, ahead of EDF
(Electricity of France);

22 April 1975: An interministerial committee agrees on an additional program
of 4.2 billions for 1975 and 1976, and supports the "priority" assigned at
that point to telephones in France;

dune 1976; Adoption of the Seventh Plan, in which improvement of the country's
telephone equipment is considered the number four "priority action program."

45


ARGENTINA

BRIEFS

MICROWAVE SYSTEM--Santa Rosa, La Pampa, 2 Aug--La Pampa Province will be
connected to the national microwave network in March 1978. The local organi-
zation will have seven complete transmitters and receivers, instruments,
command modules and other elements, which are to be built or manufactured

in France. The provincial government will also have five transmission
towers installed. The total cost amounts to approximately 50 million pesos.
[Buenos Aires TELAM in Spanish 1507 GMT 2 Aug 77 PY]

RADIO AND TV ORGANIZATION--Posadas; 29 Jun--The provincial executive branch
has ordered the organization of an autonomous entity--to be formed by LT85
Television Channel 12 and the broadcasting stations LT17 Radio Provincia de
Misiones and LT46 Radio Bernardo de Irigoyen--of which the [provincial]
government's relations secretariat will be fully in charge. The two broad-
casting stations and the television channel operated as part of the hroad—
casting Institute for Radio and Television of Misiones Province [Instituto
de Difusion--Radio y Television de la Provincia de Misiones--IDIRATEMI],
which is dissolved by the same decree. While the two broadcast stations
will be under the direct control of the province's public administration,
the television channel--due to its commercial activities--will be considered
a state enterprise with authorization to operate in the private sector.
[Buenos Aires TELAM in Spanish 2204 GMT 29 Jul 77 PY]

cso: 3010

7



unications financing companies, in no way affect the rights and responsibilities
of the administration arising from the PTT code. Thus, the administration
retains sole responsibility for the conception and realization of equipment
which is the subject of contracts, notably of the choice of construction con-
tractors. Thereafter it operates the properties which are the subject of lease-~
lend contracts under the same conditions as those it has directly acquired.
Finally, at latest at the end of the lease-lend period, it acquires legal own-
ership of these properties.

It is up to CREDITEL to gather the necessary capital for the financing of the
subscribed contracts, to pay builders and suppliers according to invoices
verified and countersigned by the administration and to place completed equip-
ment and buildings at the PIT's disposal according to lease-lend techniques.
Of course, the company cannot be totally unconcerned about the nature of the
equipment, to the extent that it may have financial or legal implications, for
example on payment timing or delivery time of the equipment involved. But in
no case has it to take any initiative in this area,

The operating technique just described makes it possible, to reconcile, on the
one hand, the need to individualize operations so as to rest on the legal frame-
work, now classical, of lease-lending, and on the other, absolute repect of the
PIT's monopoly and the public service character of telecommunications.

This presentation of CREDITEL continues with an examination of the means of
financing operations, the essential aspect of the company's activity.

To guarantee financing of contracts subscribed within the framework of the
annual agreements signed with PTT administration, CREDITEL has recourse to three
categories of resources: private funds; loans; short term loans.

Private funds (capital and self-financing) and loans (bonds and bank loans, long
term) are applied to the financing of lease-lend contracts, which come into
force when equipment is put into service (interim acceptance), and which have

a duration of 10 years for contracts on private funds and 15 years for contracts
on borrowed funds.

Short term loans -- essentially bank overdraft -- provide the greater part of
financing for advances paid out to builders during the equipment building phase,
while planned long term resources are awaited.

Company receipts also fit into three categories connected with the type of
financing:

Interest rates on private funds are determined according to a cost-

pegging formula of which details will be given and on which comments will be
made later;

35


CONTENTS (Continued)

PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA

Model XB-J-I Laser Communicator
(Ma Shou-ts'en; JINMIN CHUGOKU, May 77)....seeseesees

People's Daily Calls for Postal, Telecommunications
Modernization
(Editorial; Peking Domestic Service, 6 Aug 77).se.e-

Yenshou County Achieves Postal, Telecommunications
Modernization
(Peking Domestic Service, 6 Aug 77).ccsssvecevsceeee

Ku Mu Addresses National Post, Telecommunications
Conference
CNCNA, 5 Aug 77) .cccccevccecccretencereceesevecenses

EASTERN EUROPE
HUNGARY

Briefs
Production, Installation of Microwave Equipment

YUGOSLAVIA
Law on Program for Construction and Modernization of
the Technical Facilities of Radio Yugoslavia Between
1976 and 1980
(SLUZBENI LIST SFRJ, 8 Jul 77). .ssseseesceevesevees

LATIN AMERICA

ARGENTINA
Briefs
Microwave System
Radio and TV Organization
CUBA
Briefs

Two New Radio Stations

Page

10

il

12

13

17
17

18


Radio-Madagascar had to contend in order to provide good reception through-
out the island. That is why, he continued, that Radio-Nederland is pleased
to contribute a little toward improving communications in order to enable
Radio-Madagascar to achieve its goal--high quality reception throughout

the country. Next he gave some idea of the activities initiated toward that
end by Radio-Nederland. Since January 1975 the budget of 5 million Malagasy
francs per year, intended for instruction of four trainees in the Nether-
lands, could also be used for improving Radio-Madagascar's transmitters.

In 1976 advantage was taken of this budgetary provision to finance modifi-
cation of the 100-kilowatt transmitter at Fenoarivo and to construct several
transmitting antennas and provide various lots of spare parts. And in this
year, 1977, various lots of spare parts also are being, or will be, provided
by Radio-Nederland to Radio-Madagascar.

Van Wijngaarden then stated that we have now come to the latest important
change which affects this cooperation, namely, the delivery and installa-
tion of six medium wave relay stations, starting 1 January 1977, a project
whose cost is estimated at 20 million Malagasy francs. With this project
Van Wijngaarden emphasized "we advance the hope of Radio-Madagascar to
cover the territory with several medium wave relays which receive the short
wave transmissions from Tananarive, that is to say Fenoarivo, and retrans-
mit them by medium waves over a limited radius. We are very happy to de-
liver to you this day the first two stations, the one at Maintirano and
that at Antsirabe. Work on the other four stations can begin as soon as
the Malagasy government decides upon their locations."

This Antsirabe relay station is a transmitter-receiver complex which in-
cludes two short wave receiving antennas connected by means of two coaxial
cables to the receiver. The received signal is retransmitted by a medium
wave transmitter connected to a transmitting antenna. The transmitter power
is 250 watts. It can be received within a radius of 20 kilometers. The
Maintirano relay station has the same characteristics.

11,706
cso: 5500

28


Article 3

The funds supplied to finance construction and modernization of the techni-
cal facilities of Radio Yugoslavia shall be used in conformity with the
Program for Construction and Modernization of the Technical Facilities of
Radio Yugoslavia Between 1976 and 1980, which is an integral part of this
law.

Article 4

The rights and duties of the investor shall be exercised and discharged by
Radio Yugoslavia in performing the operations of building and modernizing
the technical facilities of Radio Yugoslavia, in conformity with this law.
Article 5

By the end of the month of February of each year Radio Yugoslavia must sub-

mit a report to the SFRY Assembly for the previous year concerning expendi-
ture of funds and fulfillment of the Program for Construction and Moderni-

zation of the Technical Facilities of Radio Yugoslavia Between 1976 and 1980.

Article 6

This law shall take effect on the eighth day after publication in SLUZBENI
LIST SFRJ.

PROGRAM
FOR CONSTRUCTION AND MODERNIZATION OF THE TECHNICAL FACILITIES OF RADIO
YUGOSLAVIA BETWEEN 1976 AND 1980

The technical facilities of Radio Yugoslavia shall be built and modernized
in annual stages between 1976 and 1980.

Construction and modernization of the technical facilities of Radio Yugosla-
via encompasses the following:

1) preparation of preliminary and working designs for modernization of the
Short-Wave Broadcasting Center and the Production Center, as follows:

i) preparation of the investment program, technical and technological re-
ports and studies for modernization (expansion and replacement) of the
technical facilities of the Short-Wave Broadcasting Center and the construc-—
tion of the Production Center;

ii) preparation of the preliminary and working designs for the Short-Wave
Broadcasting Center and the Production Center;

14


First Television

On the same day at 1830 hours in the Santa Cruz sector of San Roque,
the first television was blessed and donated to that town by Dr Juan
Eduardo Orrego and his wife, Georgina Ugaz de Orrego. Professor
Benjamin Quiroz and the director of the Santa Cruz Educational Cen-
tex, Bercelina Becerra de Vera, spoke at the ceremony about its
significance.

Later, at 2140 hours, directors of the Santa Cruz Humanitarian Society
of Lima headed by its president, Leopoldo Ugaz, gave a television to
the city of Santa Cruz. It was accepted by the mayor, engineer Chong,
who tuned in the picture and the sound on the Chiclayo channel.

7717
cso: 3010

20


vi) purchase and installation of equipment for the 35-kv transformer station
and the 6-kv transformer substation;

4) purchase and installation of equipment for the Production Center, as fol-
lows:

i) purchase and installation of equipment for five outfitted studios, di-
vider (razdjelnik), receiving teleprinter group, automatic telephone system
and continuous unit;

5) purchase and installation of radio relay devices to link the Production
Center with the Short-Wave Broadcasting Center, as follows:

i) manufacture and installation of the mounts of the antenna system for the
radio relay link;

ii) purchase and installation of equipment for the radio relay link;

iii) preparatory work, supervision, technical acceptance and final render-
ing of accounts;

6) purchase and installation of radio relay devices to link Radio Yugosla-
via (Production Center) with radio broadcasting centers in the republics
and autonomous provinces, as follows:

i) manufacture and installation of the mounts of the antenna system for
radio relay communications;

ii) purchase and installation of equipment for radio relay communications;

iii) preparatory work, supervision, technical acceptance and final render-
ing of accounts;

7) advance training of personnel, as follows:

i) advance training of three specialists with university training in the
field of telecommunications for jobs in the Short-Wave Broadcasting Center;

ii) advance training of three specialists with secondary training in the
field of telecommunications for jobs in the Short-Wave Broadcasting Center;

iii) advance training of three specialists with university training in the
field of telecommunications for jobs in the Production Center;

iv) advance training of three specialists with secondary training in the
field of telecommunications for jobs in the Production Center;

v) advance training of 12 university-trained specialists in foreign Jan-
guages.

TOhS
cso: 5500
16


REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

COMPUTER BODY ESTABLISHED--The SA computer bureau and computer services in-
dustry has been experiencing such good growth that a national body to repre-
sent its interest has been formed under the title, SA Computer Services and
Bureaux Association (SA Cosba). The main aims of Cosba will be to ensure

that high standards are maintained in the industry and that its members

behave in a responsible manner to clients and each other. [Text] [Johannesburg
THE STAR in English 5 Aug 77 p 21]

csO: 5500

29



°

PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA

KU MU ADDRESSES NATIONAL POST, TELECOMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE
Peking NCNA in English 1512 GMT 5 Aug 77 OW

[Excerpts] Peking, 5 Aug 77 (HSINHUA)--Vice-Premier Ku Mu called on the Postal
and Telecommunication Departments to "Follow the example of the Taching oilfield
and modernize China's telecommunication service at the soonest possible date."

Addressing the National Conference of Postal and Telecommunication Departments
on learning from Taching held in Peking recently, Vice-Premier Ku Mu pointed out
that in so doing, these departments "will contribute to the all-round moderni-
zation of China's agriculture, industry, national defence and science and
technology, the historical mission of the Chinese working class and the rest of
the Chinese people in the twentieth century."

Vice-Premiers Wang Chen and Yu Chiu-li also attended the closing session on 30
July and delivered speeches.

Vice-Premier Ku Hu told the session that China had in the past few years laid a
fairly good foundation for modernizing the telecommunication service. This
includes specialized scientific research institutes and factories, mastery of
main telecommunication techniques and building of most of the specialized
equipment. In addition, 1,800-channel carrier telecommunication equipment and
960-channel micro-wave telecommunication equipment have been developed and built,
and trunk lines using such equipment have been built and extended. Acting on
the directives of Chairman Mao and Premier Chou and displaying the spirit of
self-reliance and hard struggle, the Postal and Telecommunication Workers have
found a way to develop the postal and telecommunication service with greater,
faster, better and more economical results.

He stressed that the Postal and Telecommunication Service should lead the way in
modernizing agriculture, industry, national defence and science and technology to
meet the needs of the national economy and serve strategic purposes.

The conference commended a number of advanced units and individuals in learning
from Taching, and highlighted the experience of the Posts and Telecommunications
Bureau of Yenshou County, Heilungkiang Province in northeast China. The workers
there made modern equipment themselves and introduced automatic telephone ser-
vice, carrier telecommunication lines and telefacsimile service throughout the
county within a short period of time.

cso: 5500 ll



ay

BANGLADESH

BRIEFS
SYLHET TELEVISION STATION--The 10-kw Sylhet Satellite Television Station was

inaugurated on 29 June by Saifur Rahman, presidential advisor for Commerce.
[Dacca Domestic Service in Bengali 1330 GMT 29 Jun 77 BK]

cso: 5500



determine the system's programs and specifications and participate in analyz-
ing data presented by contractors, conduct maintenance and operation, and
train Arab experts.

It is expected that project service will start in the early part of 1981.

The government of His Majesty the Honorable King has encouraged the technical
organization with all its means, has contributed the major portion of its
capital, and will grant it a large plot of land to be confined to the organi-
zation in Riyadh. His Royal Highness Prince Fahd ibn 'Abd-al-'Aziz, the
crown prince and deputy prime minister, is also giving all attention and
concern to the work in the organization and is providing it with all the
help it requires.

11887
cso: 5500

26



LIBYA

BRIEFS

CENTIMETER WAVE STATION--The grand al-Fatih of the December revolution added
a new accomplishment to its numerous accomplishments in the field of postal
services by inaugurating, yesterday noon, the centimeter wave station in
the city of al-Abyar. A special ceremony, held on this occasion, was attend-
ed by the political and popular leaderships in the al-Abyar area. The post
office supervisor in Benghazi, in an interview with the reporter of the Arab
Revolution News Agency, mentioned that the new station's capacity is 3000
telephone circuits, 2 radio circuits and 48 telegraph circuits. One auto-
matic mechanical telegraph line and two lines, Arabic and Latin, in the post
office, will be operated by means of this station. The al-Abyar municipal-
ity will also be connected with Tripoli and Benghazi by means of direct
lines. The post office supervisor added that the objective of this project
is to make the telephone and telegraph services available for citizens,
institutions and public services in the area and to secure connection with
the different parts of al-Jamahiriyah within the framework of the plan of
the General Institute of Postal Services. In conclusion, the post office
supervisor said, "By inaugurating this station and the connected projects
the connection with al-Abyar and its branches will be at a high level of ser-
vices and the al-Jamahiriyah will be among the progresive countries in this
field of services." The total cost of this station is estimated at 1 mil-
lion Libyan dinars. [Text] [Tripoli AL-FAJR AL=JADID in Arabic 21 Jun 77
p 1)

8988
cso: 5500

23



CONTENTS (Continued)

USSR

Briefs
Far North TV Relay Station
Photocosmic System to Khabarovsk

WESTERN EUROPE
FRANCE

Creditel Financial Operations, Limitations Described
(Jacques Cortot; REVUE DES PIT DE FRANCE, No 5

1976) cesecccceccecsceceresscecensssestasesetesenees

Telecommunications' Place in Government Plan Reviewed
(Daniel Gourdellier, Alain Hoffmann; REVUE DES
PIT DE FRANCE, No 1, 1977). .ecccccessseccccccccvece

TURKEY
Satellite Communications System To Be Instituted by

1978
(Bulent Erandac; HURRIYET, 4 Jul 77)....c.cceeeeeee

Page

33

34

45

50


°

CONTENTS (Continued)

PERU

Relay Antenna Inaugurated in Santa Cruz
CEL COMERCLO, 2 Jul 77). ..cccceccccccscvcvececees

NEAR EAST AND NORTH AFRICA
INTER-ARAB AFFAIRS

Briefs
Dubai Radio to Arab World

IRAQ

Briefs
New INA Director

LIBYA

Briefs
Centimeter Wave Station

SAUDI ARABIA

Arab Satellite To Go Into Operation in 1981
CTUKAZ, 29 Jun 77) .ccececccccccccceesccccceseseees

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
MADAGASCAR

Radio-Nederland Delivers Two Medium Wave Relay Stations
(MADAGASCAR-MATIN, 22 Jul 77)...

REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA

Briefs
Computer Body Established

TOGO

Television Network Covers 75 Percent of Country
(TOGO PRESSE DENYIGBA, 22 Jun 77) ..ccececeeeeeeeee

Page

19

21

22

23

24

27

29

30



HUNGARY

BRIEFS

PRODUCTION, INSTALLATION OF MICROWAVE EQUIPMENT--A brigade at the Orion
Factory undertook to facilitate the switch to production of a family of
high-performance, new microwave equipment. The family developed can
transmit 960 telephone calls and several color television programs
simultaneously, without wires. The first chain will become operational
7 November instead of the end of the year and will operate between Gyor
and Taliandorogd.. In this way a link will be established with the
Interszputnyik communications network now being built at Taliandorogd.
Work is progressing well. The microwave line from Taliandorogd-Kabhegy-
Szony-Gyor will probably be finished in October. [Budapest NEPSZABADSAG
in Hungarian 31 Jul 77 p 1]

cso: 5500

12



”

INTER~ASIAN AFFAIRS

BRIEFS

INDIA, SRI LANKA TELEPHONE SERVICES--The telephone system between Madras and
Colombo has improved with the recent introduction on operator-dialing system
at both the places. The third India~Sri Lanka Telecommunications Meeting held
in Madras yesterday reviewed the performance of the existing circuits between
the two countries and explored further measures to improve the system. The
two countries are at present linked by two semi-automatic and three manual
telephone circuits and three teleprinter circuits. The India-Sri Lanka broad-
band microwave system is under construction and is expected to be completed by
1980 at a cost of about rupees 75 million. The equipment for this project,
including a tower, will be Indian-made. [Text] [Delhi General Overseas Service
in English 1000 GMT 6 Aug 77 BK]

INDONESIA, PHILIPPINES SATELLITE SYSTEM--Jakarta, 3 Aug (ANTARA)--Indonesia's
Manado and the Philippines' Davao cities have been agreed by the two govern-
ments to be used as the sites for the bilateral border communications with-
in the framework of the PALAPA Satellite Communication System. Public Rela-
tions Officer. of the Directorate General for Posts and Telecommunications
Dr Syamsuddin said here Tuesday the agreement to this effect was reached at
a meeting between the Indonesian and the Philippine delegates in Manila last
week. The Indonesian delegations to the Manila meeting from July 26-30

was led by Director General for Posts and Telecommunications Suhardjono

and President Director of Perumtell Dr Willy Munandir. Among other deci-
sions of the meeting was that the Philippines’ Domestic Satellite (DOMSAT-
PHIL) will positively use facilities extended by Indonesia's PALAPA Satel-
lite services. The Manila meeting was the followup of earlier similar meet-
ings in Yogyakarta, Central Java, in April, in Bandung in June, in Manila

in June and in Kuala Lumpur in June this year, Syamsuddin said. [Jakarta
ANTARA in English 0748 GMT 3 Aug 77 BK]

JAPANESE TELECOMMUNICATIONS AID--Japan is to give Pakistan $4.5 million for
the establishment of a central telecommunications research laboratory in
Islamabad. Notes to this effect were exchanged in Islamabad 30 Jul. Japan
has already given $3.4 million for this project. [Karachi Domestic Service
in Urdu 1500 GMT 30 Jul 77 BK]

cso: 5500



.

CUBA

BRIEFS

TWO NEW RADIO STATIONS--Two new radio stations have been inaugurated in the
Camaguey municipalities of Guaimaro and Santa Cruz del Sur. Nivaldo Herrera
Sardinas, president of the Cuban Radio and Television Institute, presided
over the inauguration ceremony. The new radio stations are CMJJ Radio
Rectangulo in Guaimaro, and CMJU Radio Santa Cruz del Sur. At the end of

the ceremony in Guaimaro Nivaldo Herrera noted that it is most impressive

to know that the work of organizing, building and readying the radio sta—
tions was done with the support of the people. In Santa Cruz del Sur he

said that projects such as these form part of the evolution of each muni-
cipality and highlighted the fact that the new radio station is to be operated

by women. [Text] [Havana Domestic Service in Spanish 2300 GMT 30 Jul 77
FL]

cso: 5500

18



JPRS 69644
19 August 1977

TRANSLATIONS ON TELECOMMUNICATIONS POLICY,
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
No. 10

Reproduced From
Best Available Copy

" DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A
Approved for Public Release
Distribution Unlimited

U.S. JOINT PUBLICATIONS RESEARCH SERVICE


had been made, including 1.601 billion corresponding to equipment or buildings
in service at the same date.

2.500.0

2.0000 |2.090.0

[1.777,7|
1,650.0 1601.0

Engagements souscrits
( 1 ) [| Paiements effectués 194.4
(2) |. ,_fi.102.9
lEquipements en service|
(3)

(situations cumutées j

7
‘en fin do période) 250.0 H
$505.
362,8
50,0 4
Ee
1972 1973 1974 1975 1* semesve

1976

Graph 1. Development of Programs Financed by CREDITEL (in million francs)

Keys
1. Bonds subscribed
2. Payments made
3. Equipment in service
(Status at period ends)

When the agreements were signed, CREDITEL undertook to assure the financing of
2.5 billion francs! worth of subscribed contracts, on the basis of OO million
francs out of private funds and 2.1 billion out of loans.

Graph 2 shows that on 30 June 1976, the company had assembled 1,728 billion
francs in permanent resources, including the 00 million in private funds
(capital) planned for the agreements in force, as well as 1,328 billion in
loans, or three bonds of a total of 978 million francs and two long-term bank
loans for 350 million francs. Additional loans will be issued as the equipment
they are intended to finance is put into service.

4l


JAPAN

BRIEFS

EARTH STATION FOR SATELLITE--Tokyo, 2 Aug K¥ODO-~-Kokusai Denshin Denwa Com
pany (KOD) will shortly start the construction of an earth station to com-
municate with a maritime satellite (MARISAT) placed over the Indian Ocean.
The projected earth station will be constructed in the compounds of the KOD
Yamaguchi Satellite Communications Laboratory in Yamaguchi City in’ Western
Japan. It is scheduled for completion in the summer of 1978. The new earth
station will provide communications between ships in the Indian Ocean and
ground stations in Japan via the MARISAT hovering over the Indian Ocean.

At present, three MARISATs have been put into geosynchronous orbit-~one
over the Pacific, another over the Atlantic and the third over the Indian
Ocean. Ships at sea which used to communicate with ground spots via short-
wave radio are now using MARISAT communications systems. This April, KOD
started communication services to ships in the Pacific and Atlantic by
using the MARISAT communications systems owned by the United States. How-
ever, due to the absence of a coastal eath station in Japan to communicate
with the MARISAT over the Indian Ocean, ships in the Indian Ocean current-
ly are not able to benefit from KOD's MARISAT communications services. [Text]
[Tokyo KYODO in English 0015 GMT 2 Aug 77 OW]

cso: 5500



INDONESIA

BRIEFS

INDONESIAN TV, RADIO POWER--Pontianak--TVRI (Television Indonesia) needs more
powerful transmitters to enable Indonesians all over the country to enjoy its
programs, Information Minister Mashuri Saleh said in Pontianak Friday. TV
set owners in Singkawang, Pemangkat and Sambas can only. enjoy TV Malaysia
programs. A 10-kw television relay station is now under construction in
Pontianak, West Kalimantan, but upon its completion, TV viewers in Singkawang,
Pemangkat and Sambas still cannot receive TVRI programs from Jakarta. The
transmitter power of the Pontianak RRI (Radio Indonesia) studio has mean-
while been increased from 10 to 50 kw, enabling Indonesians the country

over to enjoy its programs. [Excerpt] [Jakarta INDONESIA TIMES in English
12 Jul 77 p 2 BK]

cso: 5500

»


In addition, pegging according to a turnover figure, thus to a value dependent
on the service rate level, is of a nature to reassure some shareholders who
are especially attentive to the effects of monetary erosion.

Seen from this angle, the PTT administration's recourse to telecommunications
financing companies can be compared to the issue, realized in the past by
other public services, of bonds pegged, for example, to service rate evolution
or production earnings. Although they fall within very different legal frame-
works, both techniques make it possible, while scrupulously respecting the pre-
rogatives of public service, to adjust the cost of financing to the level
necessary to involve wide strata of new investment.

Company Organization and Operation

Perhaps the preceding explanations have given some readers the impression that
CREDITEL amounts merely to a financial arrangement, an abstract, disembodied
organism. We hope to remove this false impression by showing that behind the
coldness of figures there exists an active enterprise, associating shareholders,
lenders of capital, and management, responsible at various levels for the good
operation and development of the company.

Who are CREDITEL's shareholders, and how are links with them organized -- these
are the first questions that may occur to a reader interested in the organiza~
tion of our company.

The increase of capital, raised from 100 million to 00 million francs in May-
June 1975, by a public appeal for investment, brought about broad diffusion of
CREDITEL shares. In addition, since their admission to the official share list
of the Paris stock exchange, these shares have been the object of an active
marker cantly average transactions reached 2,880 shares for the first semester
of 1976).

Although the composition of the CREDITEL shareholder body is constantly being
modified, and is in any case only partially known, its general aspect can be
described.

According to our estimates, CREDITEL has at present about 11,000 shareholders.
A few hundred institutional investors, mutual fund organizations, insurance
groups, retirement funds... share about 70 percent of capital (however, a
single shareholder, the Joint-Stock and Deposit Bank Group, holds over five
percent of the capital), Over 10,000 private persons, therefore, own 30 percent
of CREDITEL shares.

One of the major concerns of the company's directors is to assure the best
possible information of all these shareholders, whatever the number of ghares
they hold. Aside from the legal information that any listed company must
publish, notably at the time of its general meetings, CR&DITEL makes an effort

37


From the study presented by the Federation of Arab Radio Organizations and
the Arab Telephone and Telecommunications federation, it became clear that
the Arab world's need will be as follows: from 10 to 20 broadcasting fre-
quencies for direct broadcasts, two television channels to be allotted to
remote areas, two other frequencies to be allocated to national exchange
programs, three telephone frequencies at the startup of operation, and
6,000 telephone channels by the beginning of 1985.

Dr Ibrahim stated that the studies have proved that the costs of artificial
satellite communications are not influenced by distance, Therefore, they
will bring about big savings in construction and operation. It has become
apparent that three satellites will be required for the Arab satellite
project. One will be sent up into space to operate, the second will be
sent up as a reserve for it, and the third will remain as a reserve on
ground. He stressed that the Arab artificial satellite, when built, will
serve 90 percent of the inhabitants of the Arab world. A choice will be
made between the revolving satellite system and the fixed triaxial system.
He reviewed the frequency range among other space issues.

Ground coverage of the artificial satellite will include a surveillance and
long-distance measuring station, one or more major ground stations for tele-
vision and telephone transmission, and a ground station for reception to be
placed in remote areas.

Dr Ibrahim talked about the benefits which will accrue to the Arab world

from the artificial satellite project and said, "The benefits are numerous;
among them are the elimination of illiteracy in the Arab world, the education-
al and training system's reliance on television, the provision of health and
guidance services to social centers and remote areas through communication by
specialists, the spread of television transmission to all Arab countries, and
the exchange of television and radio programs among Arab countries. It will
also provide all telephone, telegraph and telex services in a large-scale,
immediate manner."

Regarding the benefits of the Arab satellite for the Kingdom, he said that
the age of the Arab artificial satellite will be that of the linkup of tele-
vision and telephonic services to all remote areas of the kingdom and the
linkup of these areas to the Saudi system at lowest cost.

He said that the project will be operated on commercial bases and pricing
will be determined by the Arab organization to recoup the capital invested
in the project within 4 years from startup of operation.

He concluded his talk by stating that the executive steps of the project

have actually begun and an international bid has been announced for consult-
ing services to the organization. The task of the consultants will be to

25


1,728.

1.478 380
100
978 978
Total
(1) Emprunts bancaires
(2) Emprunts objigataires
(3) Elem
‘(situation
‘en fin de période) 450
350 100 *
250 250 400 aco |
10 oo |} 190
nic romnaetEaan vans dir msasar sheets
19721973 1974 1975 1 semesve

1976

Graph 2. Development of Long-Term Financing Resources Provided by CREDITEL
(in millions of francs)

Key:
Total
1. Bank loans
2. Bond loans
3. Capital
(Status at period ends)

This description of CREDITEL's development would be incomplete without a pre-
sentation of the results already achieved. However, it must be stressed that

because of the recent creation of the company, these results do not yet have
their full significance.

Thus, the role of the interest rates in the turnover figures, which became
preponderant in 1975 at 6l: percent of the total, will continue to increase as
the equipment is put into service. From the turnover, of which the evolution
is traced in graph 3, in order to determine the net result, the financial costs
must be deducted; that is to say the interest paid on bonds and to banks, the
amortizations used for repayment of loans and for reconstitution of liquid

42



SAUDI ARABIA

ARAB SATELLITE TO GO INTO OPERATION IN 1981

Jiddah 'UKAZ in Arabic 29 Jun 77 p 6

[Article: "Arab Satellite Will Go into Operation in 1981 To Serve 90 Percent
of the Citizens of the Arab Countries"/ '

/Text/ His Excellency Dr Ibrahim Ahmad ‘Ubayd, undersecretary of post, tele-
phone and telegraph for telegraph affairs and chairman of the board of direct-
ors of the Arab Space Communications Organization, gave a special interview
to ‘UKAZ in which he dealt with the discussion he made at the International
Symposium of American Businessmen in Washington on the Arab Space Communica-
tions Organization's role in linking the nations of the Arab world to those
of the rest of the world by space satellite and on the increasing need of the
Arab nation in general and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in particular to use
space satellites in the area of telephone and telecommunications.

He also talked about the study the International Telephone and Telecommunica-
tions Federation had previously made on the Middle East's need to use these
satellites. This study took 2 years.

He talked about the studies made in the Kingdom on this matter prior to promul-
gation of the second development plan. These studies confirmed the need for
expansion and development in the area of such communications, in view of the
fact that they are among the basic equipment for the economic infrastructure.
The second five-year development plan had had the objective of expanding the
space communications system by 30 percent per year during the years of the
plan. Following these studies, it became clear that the Arab world's require-
ments for space satellites exceed all else and therefore there occurred the
Arab Space Communications Agreement, which 21 Arab countries have already
signed in Cairo.

Dr Ibrahim added that as far as the Arab satellite which the organization is
intending to construct goes, the Arab world's actual requirements must be
determined and then economic feasibility studies for the project must be
carried out. After these two matters, it will be possible to fix and set
forth the specifications for the Arab satellite and thus the greatest
possible service will be made at the smallest possible cost.

24



INTERNATIONAL

BRIEFS

GREEK, SYRIAN TELECOMMUNICATIONS CABLE--Greece and Syria will be connected
with a subaquatic telecommunications cable which will facilitate both the
Greek telecommunication requirements in the direction of Syria and other
Middle East countries, as well as the needs of Syria and its neighboring
Arab countries for easier telecommunications connection with Greece and

the rest of Europe, Specifically the subaquatic cable will connect Iraklion,
Crete and Tarsus, Syria. The cable will be ready in approximately 2-1/2
years and will permit the simultaneous conduct of 460 telephone conversa-
tions between Greece and Syria, The relevant agreement was signed today
between representatives of OTE [Greek Telecommunications Authority] and the
Syrian Telecommunications Authority. International bids will soon be opened
for installation of the cable. [Athens Domestic Service in Greek 1130 GMT
29 Jul 77 AT]

CAO: 5500



iii) trips to obtain information, preparation of specifications for pur-
chase of imported equipment, taking of bids for imported and domestic
equipment ;

2) construction of buildings and installations for the Short-Wave Broad-
casting Center and the Production Center, as follows:

i) construction of the building and accompanying structures of the Produc-
tion Center with.a total floor space of 2,345 square meters;

ii) construction of accompanying installations and acoustic preparation of
five studio rooms of the detached control center and the teleprinter and
equipment room of the Production Center;

iii) construction of installations for radio relay devices to link Radio
Yugoslavia with the radio broadcasting centers of the republics and autono-
mous provinces;

iv) addition of a new broadcasting studio in the Short-Wave Broadcasting
Center for transmitting power of 250/500 kw;

v) adaptation of the present broadcasting studio of the Short-Wave Broad-
casting Center;

vi) adaptation of the 35-kv transformer station in the Short-Wave Broad-
casting Center;

vii) construction of the building of the antenna divider (razdjelnik) in
the Short-Wave Broadcasting Center;

viii) preparatory work, supervision, technical acceptance and final compu-
tation of the cost of construction of projects included in the Short-Wave
Broadcasting Center and the Production Center;

3) purchase and installation of equipment for the Short-Wave Broadcasting
Center, as follows:

i) purchase and installation of four short-wave transmitters with a power
of 250/500 kw;

ii) purchase and installation of antenna systems, impedance transformers,
antenna dividers, automatic controls for antenna systems and cables;

iii) purchase and installation of the field for signal distribution follow-
ing modulation (distribucij sko polje) and for the agreement (dogovor ) ;

iv) purchase of measuring instruments for transmitters and antenna systems;
v) purchase and installation of equipment for radio relay links to connect

the Short-Wave Broadcasting Center to the Production Center;

15



A fourth transmitter is planned which, when installed further
north, will permit a total coverage of Togo. The few areas of
darkness that will still exist will be opened up thanks to
relay transmitters, the establishment of which is now being
studied.

Over and beyond these considerations, I would like to stress

the fact that this expansion of our television network, not only
in black and white but also in color, is in its experimental
stage, and we ask the indulgence of our televiewers during

this period of final adjustments.

We in this country thus find ourselves in control in the area
of collective broadcasting. We thus find ourselves responsible
for our destiny in the area of audiovisual communications.
However, freedom and independence are never acquired in a
definitive manner. They must be maintained and preserved, and
that necessitates a constant effort and unfailing vigilence.

11550
CSO: 5500

32



USSR

BRIEFS

FAR NORTH TV RELAY STATION--Dikson, Taymyrskiy (Dolgano-Nenetskiy) National
Okrug--an "Ekran" television station has been set up here. Inhabitants of the
island and mainland settlements can now match central television transmissions.
This is a great gift to Kikson, beyond the Arctic Circle, in jubilee year.
Television sets have already been installed in the foyers of some organizations
and in the "Polar Explorers Club." People in the settlements of Khatanga and
Karaul in Taymyr will also be able to watch television broadcasts soon. [Text]
[Moscow SOVETSKAYA ROSSIYA in Russian 3 Aug 77 p 4 LD]

PHOTOCOSMIC SYSTEM TO KHABAROVSK--Khabarovsk has become the first place in
the country to receive central papers via a photocosmic communications sys~
tem. The apparatus, (Gazeta~2SK), developed by Leningrad specialists,
speeds up the process of photographing the papers and improves the quality
of printing. Of the 1.3 million copies of central papers to be printed in
Khabarovsk, 940,000 will now be available in the morning. Receipt of the
papers is achieved via the Raduga Satellite and the Orbita Ground Station,
simultaneously with television programs. [Moscow Domestic Service in
Russian 0430 GMT 2 Aug 77 LD]

cso: 5500

33



a necessary factor in the endowment of the country and to individual lives,
as well as a fundamental priority in industrial and tertiary decentralization.

In parallel to this, the priority granted to telecommunications in the

Seventh Plan became an irreversible statement. Indeed, on 22 April 1975,

an interministerial committee examined various scenarios for the development
of telecommunications, all of them leading to a goal of the order of 20 million
main lines at the end of 1982.

The next day, at the end of the session of the Council of Ministers, measures

aimed at encouraging production investments were announced, among which was
an additional program of 4.2 billion for telephones in 1975 and 1976. In the
words of the President of the Republic, this fact would fit "within a broader
perspective, which the Seventh Plan will have to draw, and which will be the
priority devoted to France's telephone equipment during 1975-1980."

July 1975 - July 1976: Formulation of the Seventh Plan

The law project on the preliminary orientation of the Seventh Plan was adopted
by Parliament in July 1975, The organization of the second phase, that of

the preparation itself, was covered by the directives of the prime minister
and the plan commissioner during the summer of 1975. They contained tuo
principal decisions: 27 topics of interministerial studies, capable of leading
to the formulation of "priority action programs," were retained; 19 commissions
and ancillary committees, joining civil servants, experts, and social partners
in a coordination process designed to perfect the content of the Seventh Plan,
were created,

Taking into account the orientations of the interministerial committee of
22 April 1975, the "development of telecommunications" was naturally one of
the 27 topics of interministerial studies. To this end, a group of inter-
ministerial studies was created, gathering together representatives of the
Ministry of the Economy and Finances, the Ministry of Industry and Research,
the PIT State Secretariat, DATAR, and the General Plan Board. This group
delivered its report on 1 October.

In order to support the work of the group, the Service of Programs and
Financial Affairs of the General Directorate of Telecommunications, studied
various simulations of intermediate range development of telecommunications.
Ultimately, the group retained two ambitious telephone development scenarios
Cone corresponding to.an average connection delay of 15 days at the end of
1982, the other to a delay of three months).

After examination by: the government of the various reports concerning
interministerial study topics, the development of telecommunications as a
whole was the subject of detailed studies based on the report of the
interministerial study group, and conducted by a limited group consisting
of representatives of the Ministry of Finances, the General Plan Board,
and the PTT State Secretariat. Once more, in this instance, several

48


INTER-ARAB AFFAIRS

BRIEFS

DUBAI RADIO TO ARAB WORLD--Dubai, 28 Jul--Dubai is expanding its commercial
radio station to reach the whole Arab world with the purchase of two 750 kw
transmitters, the director general of Dubai Radio and Color Television said
here today. The transmitters, in addition to powerful short-wave and other
equipment, are being supplied by Marconi of Britain under a 5.5 million
pounds sterling contract, he added. Dubai's commercial radio started trans-
missions in 1971 but it has so far been received only in the Gulf region.
The new equipment would enable its signals to be heard clearly in the Mid-
dle East, part of North Africa and southern Europe and the Indian sub-
continent, he added. The station will continue to broadcast 21 hours of
Arab programs a day and 8 hours of English programs, he said, The only. other
major commercial radio station covering the Middle East in Arabic is Radio
Monte Carlo. [Text] [Amman JORDAN TIMES in English p 4 29 Jul 77 JN]

cso: 5500

21



Specialists spoke of the revolution in Turkey's field of communications
thanks to the first ground station that is being constructed near Ankara:

"Because of its first ground station, Turkey will have the potential to com-
municate directly with countries in North America, South America, Europe,
Africa, and the Middle East. It is planned that the ground station will
establish connections with America, England, Germany, Holland, Iran, and
Israel initially and that the number of nations can be increased as needed.

"A second ground station will be constructed near Ankara as well, next to
the first station. This station will be directed toward satellites above
the Indian Ocean. In this manner, ties with Asia and Japan will be estab-
lished.

"In 1979, a resident of Ankara, Istanbul, or Diyarbakir will be able to
speak with America or another nation via satellite the moment he wishes by
picking up the phone in his home."

11673

cso: 5500 END

51


JPRS 69644

19 August 1977

TRANSLATIONS ON TELECOMMUNICATIONS POLICY,
- RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

No. 10
ConTENTS Pace

INTERNATIONAL

Briefs
Greek, Syrian Telecommunications Cable . 1

ASIA

INTER-ASIAN AFFAIRS

Briefs
India, Sri Lanka Telephone Services 2
Indonesia, Philippines Satellite System 2
Japanese Telecommunications Aid 2
BANGLADESH
Briefs .
Sylhet Television Station 3
INDONESIA
Briefs
8 Indonesian TV, Radio Power 4
JAPAN
Briefs
Earth Station for Satellite 5
NEW ZEALAND
New Zealand Signs Accord on Asian Broadcasting Institute
(AFP, 4 Aug 77) .cccaccseccecccccscctecceceessensenveses 6

-a- [III - INT. - 140]



22 percent of the total before taxes of the overall contribution of the four
private financing companies, a percentage which must be appreciated if the
fact is taken into account that CREDITEL is the most recent of these companies.

This sum, fully committed, was applied to the following investments:

No of Totals before taxes
contracts
In millions As percent
of francs of total

Equipment

Telephone exchanges 85 431.0 17.2
Extensions 101 386.u 15.5
Transit centers ? 60.0 2h
Nodal centers 18 80.3 3.2
International centers 5 39.3 1.6
Materiel for operations centers 38 1,290.9 51.7
Equipment for automatic switching th 160.9 6.4
Telephonic live speech compressors 2 25.1 1.0
Automatic telegraph switching 2 u.6 0.2
Buildings 6 20.6 0.8
Total 278 2,499.0 100.0

CKEDITEL's contribution is therefore intended, for the greater part, for the
installation of materiel intended to improve traffic flow (notably of equipment
for operations centers). It will be noted, however, that the 186 contracts for
creation or extension of exchanges financed by the company, which amount to
only one-third of its total commitments, are to make it possible to hook up
over 600,000 new subscribers situated over the country as a whole.

Execution of the contracts already signed is at widely differing stages, from
the 1972 program, of which the construction operations are fully discharged,
to the 1976 program, on which the first payments occurred last May.

The accompanying graph 1 represents the overall evaluation of programs financed

by CREDITEL, thus diagramming the company's development. It is seen that on
30 June 1976,2.090 billion francs in payments (or 8) percent of the total debt)

40



to communicate to its shareholders the maximum of elements likely to enlighten
them about its achievements and its development. Thus, arrangements have been
made to have the activity report for the fiscal year 1975 sent out, through
banking channels, to all shareholders whose addresses could be learned, that
is to say to all owners of registered securities or of securities deposited
in banks.

Answering questions asked by shareholders (present or potential) who write,
telephone, or even visit the company constitutes one of the most profitable
and educational forms of the information activity. Indeed, it is often by this
means that note is taken of the need to render more explicit one or other
aspect of our activity of which understanding may have escaped a portion of the
interested public.

This activity will be pursued and strengthened, notably by sending letters
regularly to shareholders and, whenever it seems necessary, holding information
meetings.

Eut relations with shareholders represent, of course, only one of the many
aspects of CREDITEL management.

Management seems to us to have three principal characteristics: the important
role of information processing; the subcontracting widely practised for certain
work; and lastly the slightness of the administrative organizations, a charac~
teristic which results largely from the other two.

As for the origin of CREDITEL, it was planned that information processing would
play an important part, notably to guarantee contract management, which rep-
resents one of the heaviest elements of company operation. Indeed, for every
contract, a relatively large number of operations have to be recorded and
negotiated: payments to builders, calculation of interest on advances, then
(after interim acceptance of equipment) calculation of interest rates, with a
whole set of complex adjustments arising out of the invoicing modalities laid
down in the agreements made with the PTT,

To this end, CREDITEL has at its disposal a terminal linked to an IBM 370

computer, The capacity currently used for storage of the data corresponding
to contracts already subscribed by the company already includes one million
bytes and is rapidly increasing as agreements are executed. The programming

finalized with the technical support of a company specializing in remote
information gathering and of one of the founder banks, now makes it possible

to assure, in excellent security and speed conditions, payment to builders and
the whole invoicing process, as well as the corresponding accounting deductions
used as a basis for establishing monthly statements and the year-end balance
sheet, This data-gathering tool is capable of handling economically and with-
out large additional investments, the foreseeable expansion of our company.

In addition it is widely used for internal work, such as the establishment of
short- or long-term estimates.

38 .



They climbed mountains and crossed rivers and repeated tests outdoors for a
long period.

As the result of such tests and constant improvements they built the XB-J-1
laser communicator which can carry on normal communication under weather
conditions of any and all kinds, including sandstorms, rain, fog, lightning,
etc.

9134
csO: 5500



TURKEY

SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM TO BE INSTITUTED BY 1978
Istanbul HURRIYET in Turkish 4 Jul 77 p 3

[Article by Bulent Erandac |

[Text ] Ankara--It has been announced that a system is being established
that will make Turkey independent in the field of communications and that
will prevent Bulgaria and Greece from interfering in its telephone, tele-
graph, and telex ties with Europe and America. Turkey will become part of
a worldwide satellite communications system by the middle of 1978.

The system was planned in 1972 by the PTT [Post, Telephone, and Telegraph
Administration Directorate General]. Because of domestic communications
limitations and the inability to develop the system sufficiently, it was
only in 1976 that construction could begin. By the middle of 1978, a ground
station which will make satellite communications possible will be put into
operation, and Turkey will become one of the 73 nations benefiting from com-
munications satellites.

The PIT, which is responsible for the international satellite communications
system in Turkey, gave information on the work of telecommunications experts:

“Turkey's joining the satellite communications system is a more important
event than the building of the Bosporus Bridge. Turkey has maintained com-
munications with Europe and America by using Greek and Bulgarian communica-
tions channels. The transition to the satellite communications system is a
declaration of Turkey's independence in the communications field.

"Intelsat (International Telecommunications Satellite Consortium), of which
Turkey is a member, handles a very large proportion of the international
communications traffic through use of five satellites today that are in syn=
chronous orbit at a distance of 35,700 km from the earth over the Atlantic
Ocean, Pacific Ocean, and Indian Ocean. Intercontinental communications,
with a present capacity of 14,000 telephone channels, are maintained via

137 ground stations located in 73 of the 95 nations that belong to Intelsat."

50



PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA

YENSHOU COUNTY ACHIEVES POSTAL, TELECOMMUNICATIONS MODERNIZATION
Peking Domestic Service in Mandarin 2230 GMT 6 Aug 77 OW

[Report: "The Way To Achieve Postal and Telecommunications Modernization As
Viewed From the Experience of Yenshou," published in the 7 August issue of
PEOPLE'S DAILY]

[Summary] Yenshou County, Heilungkiang Province, is a small county where the
mass movements to learn from Tachai and Taching are being vigorously launched.
This county has made outstanding achievements in modernizing its postal and
telecommunications services.

The Yenshou County Postal and Telecommunications Office is very small. Before
the Great Cultural Revolution, it used old-fashion telephone equipment which
dated back to the 1930's and other backward equipment. But now it uses modern
telecommunications equipment.

In a comparatively short period of time, Yenshou County has introduced the use
of automatic telephone equipment for communications among the county's towns,
carrier equipment for telecommunications between towns, villages and communes,
radiophoto equipment for sending telegrams and motorized vehicles for mail
delivery in the rural areas where conditions permit.

Encouraged by support from higher levels, the workers labored even harder and
successfully built a semielectronic, automatic telephone terminal capable of
handling 600 circuits. Following this success, they continued to undertake the
task of building a-channel carrier equipment and (?automatic parcel packaging
equipment).

To overcome the shortage of processing equipment, the workers made their own
tools, meters, instruments and machine tools, using indigenous equipment instead

of foreign machines. Thus, they have proven that indigenous equipment is equal
to foreign machines.

cso: 5500

10


o

BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATA. |}. Report No. 2. 3. Recipient's Accession No.
SHEET JPRS 69644

a. Tile and Subtitle ‘5. Report Date
TRANSLATIONS ON TELECOMMUNICATIONS POLICY, RESEARCH 19 August 1977
AND DEVELOPMENT, No. 10 6.

7. Author(s) 8. Rerforming Organization Rept.

. jo.

9. Performing Organization Name and Address 10. Project/Task/Work Unit No.
Joint Publications Research Service
1000 North Glebe Road 11. Contract /Grant No.
Arlington, Virginia 22201

12. Sponsoring Organization Name and Address 13. Type of Report & Period

Covered
As above
ia

15. Supplementary Notes

V6. Abstracts

This serial report contains translations from the world press and radio relating
to worldwide political, economic and technical developments in telecommunications,|
computers, and satellite communications. Coverage will be worldwide with focus
on France, Federal Republic of Germany, United Kingdom, Italy, Japan, the USSR,
People's Republic of China, Sweden, and the Netherlands.

nv. Key Words and Document Analysis. 17@. Descriptore

Worldwide

Computers

Satellite Communications

Electronics and Electrical Engineering
Telecommunications

Telemetry

17b. Identifiers /Open-Ended Terms

Tl Field/Group Q9B, C, F, 17B, 22B

18. Availability Statement W. Security Class (This 21. No. of Pages
Unlimited Availability Report) 55

SIF LED
Sold by NTIS 70-Sec caring LASSIE HER 22. Price

Springfield, Virginia 22151 *SSNCLASSIFIED

FORM NTISSS IREV. S72) THIS FORM MAY BE REPRODUCED USCOMM-O 14982-P72



To inform, form, and transform--that is, to give to a country
of responsible, competent men living in full awareness the
adventure of the modern world.

To inform, form, and transform is to root the Togolese citizen
in his origins and his traditions and to preserve his person-
ality and his authenticity.

To inform, form, and transform, but also to distract. We do
not want our development to be compulsion, but rather participa-
tion, joining, blossoming.

The Togolese television programs reach the district of Lama-
Kara on the very day that the anniversary of the Pya martyrs
is being celebrated. A fortunate coincidence and striking
evidence that the sons of this country are truly worthy of
“those who died so that Togo might live."

Today most world-famous economists and sociologists are in
agreement in recognizing the functions of the mass media as a
booster of development. They readily rank the media as one
of the prerequisite conditions to an economic take-off.

It is, then, not a luxury but on the contrary a necessity to
equip oneself with the most modern means in the area of mass
communication. If it is known that everywhere here in the
Third World, the State has preceded the Nation and that
consequently a national consciousness must be forged by winning
the necessary victory over ethnic, regional, or other divisions,
and as soon as there is cultural homogeneity, the way must be
opened for dialogue and the learning of the different cultures,
and that finally, after there is a cluster of societies, a
strong and indivisible united nation must be built, at that
same time the question of developing mass means of communica-
tion must be raised. It is clear that there must be an inter-
action between information and economic development, although
for the time being, we must take care not to have a causal
relationship. Interaction between information and development
is constant and cumulative.

In order to achieve this, a third transmitter, with 10 kw
vision and 2 kw sound, had to be set up in Aledjo Kadara. The
two other transmitters in existence before that in Aledjo
Kadara~-the 100-watt transmitter in Lome and the 10 kw trans-
mitter at Mong Agou, permitted coverage of approximately

35 percent of the total area of the country.

Now, with Aledjo Kadara, we cover around 75 percent of the
national territory.

31


PERU

RELAY ANTENNA INAUGURATED IN SANTA CRUZ

Lima EL COMERCIO in Spanish 2 Jul 77 p 27

[Text] Chiclayo, 30 Jun--The first relay antenna of Channel 4 Televi-
sion in Chiclayo, Channel 5 in the Department of Cajamarca, was offi-
cially put into operation in the province of Santa Cruz.

The inhabitants were at Cerro Cotrumi 2,200 meters above sea level
and 230 meters from the center of the city where the 21-meter an-
tenna and the relay station were erected,

They sponsored the inauguration ceremony after Father Jose Antonio
Salazar blessed the antenna.

The ceremony was attended by provincial authorities headed by the
mayor, engineer Francisco Chong Arrascue, and the chairman of the
Health and Welfare Committee, Dr Cesar Llontop, as well as the direc-
tors of the Santa Cruz Humanitarian Society of Lima and the Santa
Cruz de Chiclayo Cultural Club.

Managers

The television manager in Santa Cruz, Dr Oscar Valdiviezo Smith, and
his helpers--engineer Francisco Chong, radio technicians Carlos Beni-
tez and Aurelio Tenorio and Benjamin Quiroz, Cristian Hoyos, Ramon
Calderon, Humberto Tenorio, Humberto Orrego and Pedro Villegas-~-were
also present.

Blessing and Inauguration

The blessing and inauguration ceremony took place on Saturday,
25 June, at 1100 hours.

The city of Santa Cruz is 142 kilometers east of Chiclayo. It takes
6 hours on a winding highway to reach it in a truck, the only vehicle
that connects these places on the coast and in the mountains of Peru
daily.

19



NOTE

JPRS publications contain information primarily from foreign
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sources are translated; those from English-language sources
are transcribed or reprinted, with the original phrasing and
other characteristics retained.

Headlines, editorial reports, and material enclosed in brackets
{] are supplied by JPRS. Processing indicators such as [Text]
or [Excerpt] in the first line of each item, or following the
last line of a brief, indicate how the original information was
processed. Where no processing indicator is given, the infor-
mation was summarized or extracted.

Unfamiliar names rendered phonetically or transliterated are
enclosed in parentheses. Words or names preceded by a ques-
tion mark and enclosed in parentheses were not clear in the
original but have been supplied as appropriate in context.
Other unattributed parenthetical notes within the body of an
item originate with the source. Times within items are as
given by source.

The contents of this publication in no way represent the poli-
cies, views or attitudes of the U.S. Government.

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may be addressed to Joint Publications Research Service,
1000 North Glebe Road, Arlington, Virginia 22201.


capital in expectation of later re-use, and general expenses, of which the total,
given the nature of the company and its organization, is very moderate.

Total
(1) [_]Proiduits financiers et divers

171.3

61,3

83.5
46,1
rt
5.2 0,1) 77.1
03 15.1
Taal
1972 1973 1974

109.6 }

1975,

04

Graph 3. Development of CREDITEL Turnover (in million francs)

1. Key:
1, Financial and miscellaneous earnings
2. Interest on advances
3. Interest

The net result thus shown in 1975 made it possible to pay shareholders a divi-
dend corresponding to remuneration on capital of 9.85 percent pro rata temporis,
or 9,85 francs for older shares with full dividend eligibility and 4.40 frances

for new shares eligible for dividend on 22 July 1975,

This rate of remuneration will increase, of course, in accordance with the
pegging of interest rates on private funds, the effects of which have been

mentioned above.

43


MADAGASCAR

RADIO-NEDERLAND DELIVERS TWO MEDIUM WAVE RELAY STATIONS
Tananarive MADAGASCAR-MATIN in French 22 Jul 77 pp 1, 2

[Excerpts] Yesterday at Antsirabe still another forward step was taken by
cooperation between Radio-Television Malgache [Malagasy Radio and Tele-
vision] and Radio-Nederland [Netherlands Radio], which has just formally
delivered to the Malagasy government two medium wave relay stations, one
installed at Antsirabe, and the other at Maintirano.

The ceremony took place in the "city of waters" in the presence of secre-
tary general Ramambazafy of the Ministerial Council at the Presidency,

the chairman of the Fivondronamparitany of Antsirabe, the two deputies

of Vakinankaratra prefect, director of Radio-Nederland in Madagascar Van
Wijngaarden, and Denis Ranaivoarisoa, technical director of Radio-Television
Malgache, and many Malagasy and Dutch engineers and technicians.

Since 1968

After he had shown the facilities at this new medium wave relay station to
those present Van Wijngaarden in a short speech talked about the broad
outlines of cooperation between Radio-Madagascar and Radio-Nederland,
cooperation which took concrete form in the installation of this relay
station at Antsirabe and installation of a similar station at Maintirano
several months ago.

He then reminded his listeners of the close collaboration between the
Malagasy government and Radio-Nederland since the signing of a convention
in 1968. Up to now six 1-kilowatt medium wave transmitters have been sup—
plied by Radio-Nederland and installed by Radio-Madagascar at Majunga,
Tulear, Tamatave, Fort Dauphin, Diego Suarez, and Fianarantsoa. Van
Wijngaarden also reminded of the offer by Radio-Nederland, over a period
of 10 years, to have two technicians and two employees of Radio-Madagascar
follow a l-year technical training course in the Netherlands.

High Quality Reception
As provided in the convention there have been many official contacts, at

the technical level as well as at the general and program levels. In this
way, Wijngaarden emphasized, he came to learn of the problems with which

27



Interest rates on loans, not pegged, are calculated on the basis of the
prime cost of loans used for the corresponding financing, increased by a lump
sum intended to cover expenses of contract management and complete repayment
of the private funds;

Interest on advances are invoiced to the PTT at a rate revised yearly,
and, since 197h, pegged according to the cost of the various resources used,
in the year under consideration, to finance advances paid to builders before
the equipment is put into service.

It seems pointless to stress the last two categories of income. Indeed, inte-
rest rates of contracts on loans bring in only a fixed repayment complement,
justified by services rendered by the company to the PIT in diversifying the
administration's means of access to the financial market, and in taking upon
itself certain risks connected with the chanciness and limitations of that
market, which do not always make it possible to procure funds at the precise
time when they can be used. As for the interest on advances, their relative
size declines rapidly, as will be seen later, as interim acceptance occurs.

It may be profitable, on the other hand, to devote some explanatory passages
to the pegging formula applicable to interest rates of contracts on private
funds, a formula which constitutes the most original element of CREDITEL's
operations, and which, moreover, will determine the future evaluation of the
company's achievements.

The CREDITEL formula is simple; it is composed of a fixed term and a variable
term according solely to the development of the turnover of telecommunications.
It is therefore relatively easy to calculate the profit rate of contracts on

the basis of the various hypotheses which can be made regarding the evolution
of this turnover.

This formula is attractive to shareholders. It does indeed guarantee a pro-
gression in interest rates linked to the development of telecommunications
income, a development which is itself a function of the volume growth of the
sector and possible service rate increases,

Since the incidence of pegging is spread over the entire lifetime of contracts
on private funds, which is 10 years, a CREDITEL share is a longterm investment
par excellence.

The CREDITEL formula appears furthermore to be very appropriate for the goal
envisaged when telecommunications financing companies were founded: assoc-
iation of new categories of investors, especially those interested in acquiring
shares, with the financing of the national effort for telephonic equipment.

It accomplishes this association by very direct means, by interesting the
company, and consequently its shareholders, in the growth of the telecommunic-

ations turnover, which they have helped to develop by financing new equipment.

36



TRAQ

BRIEFS
NEW INA DIRECTOR-~Muhammad Manaf al-Yasin has been appointed director general
of the IRAQI NEWS AGENCY. Al-Yasin has been acting director general since

10 April 1977. Taha Yasin, former under secretary of the Information Ministry,
will be deputy director. [Baghdad INA in Arabic 0750 GMT 9 Aug 77 JN]

cso: 5500

22



o

NEW ZEALAND

NEW ZEALAND SIGNS ACCORD ON ASIAN BROADCASTING INSTITUTE
Hong Kong AFP in English 1223 GMT 4 Aug 77 BK

{Text] Kuala Lumpur, 4 Aug (ADP)--The New Zealand high commissioner, Mr Jack
Shephard, today signed the project document pertaining to the formal establish-
ment of the Asian Institute for Broadcasting Development (AIBD) on behalf of
the New Zealand Government.

New Zealand is the third country to join the Asian Institute for Broadcasting
Development. The other countries are Bangladesh and Sri Lanka.

Mr Shephard said that he was pleased that New Zealand had been able to contri-
bute to the institute's activities through the provision of a rural broadcasting
training coordinator. ©
"It is my government's intention to continue its programme of assistance to the
institute in future," he said.

The UNESCO project manager for the institute, Mr R. Balakrishnan, said that he
was grateful for the assistance and help provided by New Zealand in the last
few years and hoped that it could maintain such aid.

He also said that Belgium, Indonesia, the Philippines and Thailand were expected
to sign similar documents with the institute before 10 September.

Korea, India and Singapore were also expected to sign but the dates had not been
fixed yet.

cso: 5500


As the end of this presentation of CREDITEL is reached, it remains now to
discuss the company's future prospects.

It is well known that the telecommunications financing companies, bearing in
mind the time when the PTT administration, disposing of sufficient resources,
will cease to have to recourse to their sources, were given e statute extending
to them the possibility of undertaking the activities of a building society
for commerce and industry (SICOMI), thus of financing through lease-lending

or ordinary leasing any building not equipped for industrial or commercial use.

If such diversification of activities is not to be excluded as an eventual
possibility, it is not presently part of the intentions of CREDITEL, which for
the immediate future hopes to reserve all its means for the financing of tele-
communications.

Indeed, the priority character of the development of telephonic equipment was
reaffirmed by the VIIth Plan bill. Bringing the number of main lines from
seven million at end 1975 to 15.5 million in 1980 and almost 20 million in

1982, while also pursuing improvement of service quality, implies: the placement
of considerable financial means.

Certainly, the administration's own means (self-financing) are in noticeable
progression, as is the contribution of the new company for financing through
public capital, FRANCETEL, which finds the greater part of its resources on
the money market at medium term.

It. nevertheless remains true that private financing companies again this year
brought in 10 percent of the resources needed for realization of the tele-
communications investment program. In the present context, and without pre-
judging the contribution they will be asked for in the future, these companies
represent an immediately available source of additional financing, of great
flexibility and well adapted to the collection of investments ready to give
their support to the effort undertaken by the PTT administration.

1219
CSO: 5500

44



An Uneasy Gestation

The preparation calendar of the Sixth Plan was disturbed by the May 1968
crisis, and then by the resignation of President de Gaulle in spring 1969,
with the result that the plan was adopted during the parliamentary session
of spring 1971, six months after it came into force.

The consequences of the oil crisis at the end of 1973, followed by the death
of President Pompidou in April 1974, led to an identical situation: the
projects studied under the Messmer government since the end of 1973 were
interrupted; the preparation calendar of the Seventh Plan and the final
organization of the project within the General Plan Board were released only
at the end of 1974, under the Chirac government. But telecommunications did
not passively undergo these 12 months of incertitude: by the end of summer
1973, working groups had already begun thinking and studying the future.

Summer 1973 - Fall 1974: Before the Official Preparation

As early as the beginning of 1973, the General Plan Board had been asked to
write a report on the evolution of the planning, and on its position in the
economic and social context of the times; it had also been charged with the
task of advancing concrete proposals for the organization of the preparation
of the Seventh Plan.

'
At this stage of its preparation, the Seventh Plan was more ambitious than
the preceding ones: it included a debate on the major choices of a society,
and an elaborate consideration of the social aspects of development.
Telecommunications were classified under "productive activities." The
transmissions commission of the Sixth Plan was carried over with the same
working methods; it maintained its three committees: "Mails and Financial
Services," "Telecommunications," "Radio and Television Broadcasting."

Presented in August 1973, this report was examined by the government within
the interministerial committees of 6 December 1973 and 2 January 1974, in the
context of a very disturbed international economy: the recent decisions
taken by the oil producing nations to considerably increase their prices,

had not only brought to the forefront problems of short term economic balance,
but also threatened to produce lasting effects on the French economy. On

23 January 1974, the prime minister gave the General Plan Board its directives:

Sefore preparing the Seventh Plan, conduct a study of the consequences for
France of the new conditions in the world's economy, and establish action
programs for 1974, 1975, and 1976, aimed at assuring the most satisfactory
economic and social development possible; this study should serve as
reference for the first preparations of the Seventh Plan;

46



PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA

PEOPLE'S DAILY CALLS FOR POSTAL, TELECOMMUNICATIONS MODERNIZATION
Peking Domestic Service in Mandarin 2230 GMT 6 Aug 77 OW

[PEOPLE'S DAILY 7 August editorial: "Strive To Achieve Modernization in Postal
and Telecommunications Services"]

[Excerpts] Chairman Hua and the party Central Committee are greatly concerned
for and have attached great importance to the modernization of the postal and
telecommunications services.

To achieve postal and telecommunications modernization--Telephone automation,
using circuit carrier telecommunications equipment, using radiophoto equipment
for telegrams and using motorized vehicles for mail delivery--is not only a
task for the Postal and Telecommunications Departments but also a task for the
whole party and the people of the whole country.

Party committees at all levels must strengthen their leadership over postal
and telecommunications work and make conscientious efforts to grasp it well.

We are confident in looking forward to the future. Postal and telecommunications
modernization will be basically completed in the country's 2,000 counties by the
year 1980. Circuit carrier telecommunications equipment and microwave tele-
communications trunk lines will form a network and will be in general use. By
the year 1985, the Postal and Telecommunications Departments will be using
electronically controlled, automatic and mechanized equipment. Postal and
telecommunications services will catch up with and surpass advanced world

levels within this century. We cannot feel at peace and at ease if we do not
realize Chairman Mao's behests and if we fail to change the backward outlook of
the postal and telecommunications services. The target of achieving postal and
telecommunications modernization must be achieved.

cso: 5500