FI LED U. S . COURT OF AP PE ALS E L E V E N T H C IR C U IT Jul y 30, 2008 T HOM AS K. KAHN CL E RK [ DO NO T P UB L I S H] I N THE UN I TE D STATE S C OU RT OF APPE ALS F O R T H E E L E V E N T H C IR C U IT

________________________ N o. 07- 14301 N on -A rgum entC al endar

________________________ D . C . D o c k e tN o . 0 7 - 2 0 0 2 3 - C R - K MM U N I T E D S T A T E S O F A M E R I C A , P la in tif f - A p p e lle e , v ersu s J U A N G I R A L D O , D e f e n d a n t- A p p e lla n t.

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_________________________ ( Ju l y 30, 2008) B efo re B IR C H , D U B IN A an d B A R K E T T , C i rcu i tJu d g es. P E R C U R I A M: J ua n G i r a l do appe a l s hi s 70- m onth s e nt e nc e f orc ons pi r a c y t o l aunde rthe2

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ac o n tr o l l e d s u b s t a n c e , i n v i o l a t i o n o f 1 8 U . S. C. § 1 95 6(a) (2)( B )( i ), (h). G i ra l do pl ed gu i l ty t o the § 1 95 6(h) conspi ra cychar ge, a n d c h a lle n g e s o n ly h is s e n te n c e in th is ap p e a l. G i r a l do a r gue s tha tthe di s tr i c tc our te rr e d i n f i ndi ng tha tapr i ordrug tra ff i cki ng conv i ct i on w as no tre l at ed t o the m on eyl aund er i ng conspi ra cy , and that he i s e nt i t l e d t o r e s e nt e nc i ng i n l i ghtof the N ove m be r2007 G ui de l i ne Am e n d m e n t s c l ar i f

y i n g wh a tc o n s t i tu t e s r e l a t e d p r i o ro f f e n s e s u n d e rU. S . S . G. § 4 A 1. 2(a) (2). G i ra l do ’ s c ou nsel fi l ed obj ec t i on s t o the com pu t at i on of cr i m i nal hi s t ory poi nt s a nd t o the pr oba t i on de pa r tm e nt ’ s f a i l ur e t o f

i nd tha tthe pr i or offe nse and the i nst antoffe nse w er e r el at ed. H ow ever , G i ra l do expl i ci t l y s t at ed at se nt enci ng thathe w i shed t o w i thd raw tho se obj ec t i on s. W here a def endantra i se s a nd the n know i ngl y w i thdr a w s a n obj e c t i on t o hi s s e nt e nc e , w e de e m the obj e c t i on w a i ve d a nd w i l l notr e vi e w i ton appe a l . U ni t e d S t a t e s v. M a s t e r s , 118 F . 3d 1524, 1 5 2 6 ( 1 1 th C ir .1 9 9 7 ) . B e c au s e G ir a ld o k n o w in g ly w ith d r e w h is o b je c tio n s , h e is bound by the di s tr i c tc ourt ’ s rul i ng a s t o hi s c r i m i na l hi s t ory c om put a t i on, a nd the c onc l us i on tha thi s pr i orof f e ns e s w e r e ne i the rr e l a t e d t o one a nothe r , nort o the in s ta n t o f

f e n s e . S e e M a s te r s , 1 1 8 F .3 d a t 1 5 2 6 . G i r a l do ne xta r gue s tha tthe di s tr i c tc our te rr e d i n e nha nc i ng hi s gui de l i ne s e nt e nc e by tw o l e ve l s unde rU . S . S . G . § 2S 1. 1( b) ( 2) ( B ) be c aus e the obj e c tof the3

c ons pi r a c y w a s notdrug tr a f f i c ki ng butf

a i l ur e t o r e por tthe m one y . W e r e vi e w de novo the i nt e rpr e t a t i on a nd appl i c a t i on of the G ui de l i ne s , a nd r e vi e w unde r l y i ng f a c tua l f i ndi ngs f orc l e a re rr or . U ni t e d S t a t e s v. M c V a y , 447 F . 3d 1348, 1352- 53 (11th C i r. 20 06 ). A cc ordi ng t o the G ui del i nes, the gu i del i ne ca l cul at i on for a n o ff ense un der 1 8 U .S .C . § 1 9 5 6 ( h ) is f o u n d in U .S .S .G . § 2 S 1 .1 . S e e U .S .S .G ., A p p e n d ix A . S e c t i on 2S 1. 1 c ont a i ns the f ol l ow i ng s pe c i f

i c of f e ns e c ha r a c t e r i s t i c s : “ I f the de f e nda ntw a s c onvi c t e d unde r18 U . S . C . § 1957, i nc r e a s e by 1 l e ve l . . . i f the d e f e n d a n twa s c o n v i c t e d u n d e r1 8 U. S . C . § 1 9 5 6 , i n c r e a s e b y 2 l e v e l s . ” U. S . S . G. § 2 S 1. 1(b)(2)(A ), (B ). H ow ever , the tw o-l evel enhancem entfor c on vi ct i on un der § 1956 “ s ha l l notappl y i f the de f e nda ntw a s c onvi c t e d of ac ons pi r a c y unde r18 U . S . C . § 1 9 5 6 (h ) an d th e so l e o b j ecto f th atco n sp i racy w as t o co m m i tan o ffen se se tforth i n 1 8 U . S . C . § 1 95 7. ” U . S . S . G . § 2 S 1. 1, cm t . (n. 3(c) ). T he di ff er ence betw ee n § 19 56 and § 19 57 i s that§ 1 95 7 “ cr i m i nal i ze s m on eyl aund er i ng w here the proceeds der i ve fr om an un l aw ful ac t i vi ty . . . w hi l e § 19 56 cr i m i nal i ze s m on ey l aunde r i ng w he r e the de f e nda ntknow s tha tthe pr oc e e ds de r i ve d f r om a n unl a w f

ul ac t i vi ty . . . . ” U ni t ed S t at es v. T orre s- V al es qu ez , 48 0 F . 3d 10 0, 10 4 n . 1 (1stC i r. 2 0 0 7 ) .4

T he re cord cl earl y dem on stra t es thatthe offens e f or w hi ch G i ra l do pl ed gu i l ty i nv ol ves aconv i ct i on un der 18 U . S . C . § 1 95 6(h), the obj ec tof w hi ch w as an o f f e n s e i n v o l v i n g av i o l a t i o n o f 1 8 U . S. C. § 1 9 5 6 ( a ) ( 2 ) ( B) ( i ) a n d n o t1 8 U . S. C. § 1957. U nde rthe s e f

a c t s , the c our tdi d note rrw he n i n c onc l ude d tha tthe e n h a n c e m e n t u n d e rU .S .S .G . § 2 S 1 .1 ( b ) ( 2 ) ( B ) w a s ap p lic ab le to G ir a ld o . G i ra l do al so cont ends thatthe di stri ctcourterre d i n app l yi ng the tw o-l evel e nha nc e m e ntf

ora ggr a va t e d r ol e unde rU . S . S . G . § 3B 1. 1( c ) be c aus e the r e w a s no co m p eten t ev id en ce p re se n ted o f h is ag g ra v ated ro le. W e r ev iew a d istrict co u rt’s up w ar d adj ustm entof a def endant ’ s gui del i nes off

ense du e t o h i s s t atus as a l ea der o rm a n a g e rf

o rc le a re rr o r . U n ite d S ta te s v . P h illip s , 2 8 7 F .3 d 1 0 5 3 , 1 0 5 5 ( 1 1 th C i r. 20 02 ). A l tho ug h G i ra l do cont ends thathe i s no m ore c ul pabl e than the others in v o lv e d in th e c o n s p ir a c y , th e r e c o r d in d ic a te s th a t G ir a ld o c o n v in c e d V a s q u e z to part i ci pat e i n h i s pl an t o l aund erm on eyfr om the sa l e of hi s drugs fr om the U ni t ed S t a t e s t o C ol om bi a . T he i nf l ue nc e ove rone i ndi vi dua l i s e nough t o appl y the tw ol e ve l e nha nc e m e nt , a nd G i r a l do e xe r c i s e d c ontr ol ove rV a s que z . S e e P hi l l i ps , 287 F .3 d a t 1 0 5 8 ( “[ T ]h e a s s e rtio n o f c o n tr o l o rin f

lu e n c e o v e ro n ly o n e in d iv id u a l is e n o u g h t o s u p p o rta§ 3 B 1 . 1 ( c ) e n h a n c e m e n t . ” ) . F u r th e rm o r e , b y h i s o wn s ta te m e n t, G ir a ld o w a s r e s p o n s ib le f o rg e ttin g th e m o n e y a n d m e e tin g u p w ith5

V a s q u e z a n d M u r ie l s o it c o u ld b e tap e d to th e irb o d ie s . I n lig h t o f th e r e c o r d in th is c a s e , th e d is tr ic t c o u rt d id n o t c le a r ly e rrb y ap p ly in g th e a g g r a v a tin g r o le e n h a n c e m e n t to G ir a ld o . F i n al l y, G i ral d o arg u es th atth e d i stri ctco u rterred w h en i tch o se t o i m p o se the 70- m onth s e nt e nc e c ons e c ut i ve l y t o the s e nt e nc e he i s s e rvi ng on hi s drug tra ff i cki ng conv i ct i on , and thathi s s ent ence i s unrea sonabl e bec ause the di stri ct c o u r t f a ile d to a d e q u a te ly c o n s id e rth e § 3 5 5 3 ( a ) f a c to r s . I m p o s itio n o f

c o n s e c u tiv e r a th e rth a n c o n c u rr e n t s e n te n c e s is s u b je c t to p le n a ry r e v ie w . U n ite d S ta te s v . B a lla r d , 6 F .3 d 1 5 0 2 , 1 5 0 5 ( 1 1 th C ir . 1 9 9 3 ) . “M u ltip le te rm s o f

im p r is o n m e n t im p o s e d a t d if f e r e n t tim e s ru n c o n s e c u tiv e ly un l es s the courtorders thatthe t erm s are t o run concurrent l y. ” 18 U . S . C . § 3 58 4(a) . H ow e ve r , i n de t e rm i ni ng w he the rt o i m pos e ac onc urr e ntorc ons e c ut i ve t e rm , the d i s tr i c tc o u rtmu s tc o n s i d e rth e f a c t o r s s e tf

o r th i n 1 8 U . S. C. § 3 5 5 3 ( a ) . 1 8 U . S. C. § 3 5 8 4 ( b ) . P r io rto im p o s in g th e c o n s e c u tiv e s e n te n c e , th e d is tr ic t c o u r t s ta te d th a t it had con si dere d the § 3 55 3(a) fa ct ors and the ar gu m ent s thathad b ee n p re se nt ed f r om both G i r a l do and the gove rnm e ntr e ga r di ng w he the rthe s e nt e nc e s houl d run consec ut i vel y. T here i s nothi ng i n the re cord t o sug gestthatthe di stri ctcourt ab u s e d its d is c r e tio n w h e n it o r d e r e d G ir a ld o ’s s e n te n c e to ru n c o n s e c u tiv e ly to h is6

s e n te n c e f

o rth e d ru g tr a f

f ic k in g o f f e n s e . W e r e vi e w the f

i na l s e nt e nc e i m pos e d by the di s tr i c tc our tf or r e a s o n ab le n e s s . U n ite d S ta te s v . A g b a i, 4 9 7 F .3 d 1 2 2 6 , 1 2 2 9 ( 1 1 th C ir . 2 0 0 7 ) . T h e S u p r e m e C o u rt r e c e n tly c la r if ie d th a t th e r e a s o n ab le n e s s s ta n d a r d is s y n o n y mo u s w i th th e ab u s e o f d i s c r e t i o n s t a n d a r d . G a l l v . U n i t e d St a t e s , __U . S.

__ , __ , 1 2 8 S . C t . 5 8 6 , 5 9 6 , 1 6 9 L . E d . 2 d 4 4 5 (2 0 0 7 ). T h e d i stri ctco u rtm u st i m po se a s ent ence thati s both p roce du ra l l y and subst ant i vel y r ea sonabl e. S ee U ni t ed S t at es v. H un t , 45 9 F . 3d 11 80 , 11 82 n. 3 (11 th C i r. 20 06 ) H e r e , the di s tr i c tc ourti m pos e d apr oc e dur a l l y r e a s onabl e s e nt e nc e . T he d is tr ic t c o u rt c o rr e c tly c a lc u la te d th e G u id e lin e s r a n g e , th e s e n te n c e im p o s e d f a lls w i thi n the gu i del i ne ra ng e of 70-87 m on ths’ i m pri sonm ent , no thi ng i n the re cord i nd i ca t es thatthe di stri ctcourttre at ed the G ui del i nes a s m andat ory, and the re cord dem on stra t es thatthe di stri ctcourtconsi dere d the fa ct s i n the pre-s ent ence i nve s t i ga t i on r e porta nd t ook i nt o a c c ountthe § 3553( a ) f a c t or s . B a s e d upon the re cord, G i ra l do ’ s s ent ence i s notprocedural l y unrea sonabl e. G ir a ld o ’s s e n te n c e is a ls o s u b s ta n tiv e ly r e a s o n ab le . G ir a ld o w a s n o t o n ly in v o lv e d in th e s a le a n d d is tr ib u tio n o f d ru g s , h e w a s u s in g v a r io u s in d iv id u a ls to g etth e p ro ceed s fro m th o se sal es fro m th e U n i t ed S t at es t o C o l o m b i a. T h ere w as a l a r ge of s um of m one y i nvol ve d i n thi s c a s e , w e l l ove r$200, 000. F ur the r , G i r a l do7

ad m i tt ed t o co n sp i ri n g w i th o th ers fo r ap p ro x i m at el y fo u r m o n th s t o acco m p l i sh hi s goa l s . N othi ng i n the r e c or d unde rm i ne s ouror di na ry e xpe c t a t i on of r e a s onabl e ne s s f

oraw i thi n- gui de l i ne - r a nge s e nt e nc e , a nd G i r a l do ha s not e s t abl i s he d tha thi s s e nt e nc e i s unr e a s onabl e i n l i ghtof the r e c or d a nd the § 3 5 5 3 (a) factors. U p o n carefu l rev i ew o f th e reco rd o n ap p eal an d co n si d erat i o n o f th e p art i es’ b r i e f s , w e d i s c e rn n o e rr o r . A c c o r d i n g l y , w e a f f i rm. A FFI R M ED .