Design and Operation of
 

the National Survey of
 

Children’s Health, 2007
 

Series 1, Number 55 June 2012
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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Suggested citation

Blumberg SJ, Foster EB, Frasier AM, et al. Design and operation of the

National Survey of Children’s Health, 2007. National Center for Health

Statistics. Vital Health Stat 1(55). 2012.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Design and operation of the National Survey of Children’s Health, 2007.

p. ; cm.— (Vital and health statistics. Series 1, Program and collection

procedures ; no. 55) (DHHS publication ; no. (PHS) 2012–1331)

‘‘June 2012.’’

Includes bibliographical references.

ISBN 0-8406-0652-4

I. National Center for Health Statistics (U.S.) II. Series: Vital and health

statistics. Ser. 1, Programs and collection procedures ; no. 55. III. Series: DHHS

publication ; no. (PHS) 2012–1331.

[DNLM: 1. Child Health Services—United States. 2. Health Surveys—United

States. 3. Child Welfare—United States. 4. Data Collection—methods—United

States. 5. Research Design—United States. 6. Statistics as Topic—United

States. W2 A N148va no.55 2012]

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Series 1, Number 55

Design and Operation of

the National Survey of Children’s

Health, 2007

Program and Collection Procedures

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

National Center for Health Statistics

Hyattsville, Maryland

June 2012

DHHS Publication No. (PHS) 2012–1331
 

 

 

 

 

National Center for Health Statistics

Edward J. Sondik, Ph.D., Director

Jennifer H. Madans, Ph.D., Associate Director for Science

Division of Health Interview Statistics

Jane F. Gentleman, Ph.D., Director
Contents 
 

Abstract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 
 

Introduction ............................................................................................... 1 
 

SLAITS Program......................................................................................... 1 
 

NSCH.................................................................................................. 2 
 

National Survey of Adoptive Parents ......................................................................... 2 
 

Influenza Vaccination Module .............................................................................. 3 
 

Sample Design............................................................................................. 3 
 

The NIS Sampling Plan ................................................................................... 3 
 

NSCH Sample Design and Allocation ........................................................................ 3 
 

Drawing the Sample ...................................................................................... 3 
 

Conducting the NSCH Interviews ........................................................................... 4 
 

Questionnaire .............................................................................................. 4 
 

Content................................................................................................. 4 
 

Programming the CATI.................................................................................... 6 
 

Pretesting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 
 

Interviewer Training ........................................................................................ 6 
 

Data Collection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 
 

Advance Letters.......................................................................................... 7 
 

Toll-free Telephone Numbers ............................................................................... 8 
 

Selection of Sampled Child ................................................................................ 8 
 

Selection of Respondent ................................................................................... 9 
 

Informed Consent ........................................................................................ 9 
 

Assurance of Confidentiality................................................................................ 9 
 

Identification of Age-eligible Children for NIS ................................................................ 10 
 

Spanish-language Interviewing ............................................................................. 10 
 

Interviewing in Languages Other Than Spanish or English ...................................................... 10 
 

Interview Length ........................................................................................ 11 
 

Interview Breakoffs ...................................................................................... 11 
 

Cases Pending at Close of Data Collection ................................................................... 12 
 

Incentive Effort ......................................................................................... 12 
 

Response Rates ......................................................................................... 12 
 

Alternative Response Rates................................................................................ 14 
 

Efforts to Maximize Response Rates ........................................................................ 14 
 

Quality Control of Interviewing ............................................................................ 14 
 

Data Files. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 
 

Editing ................................................................................................ 15 
 

Missing Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 
 

Coding of Verbatim Answers Into Question Responses ......................................................... 16 
 

Edits to Protect Confidentiality............................................................................. 16 
 

Derived Variables ....................................................................................... 19 
 

Dummy Variables ....................................................................................... 20 
 

Additional Data Notes.................................................................................... 21 
 

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Procedures for Developing Sampling Weights................................................................... 21 
 

Base Weight............................................................................................ 21 
 

Computing Full Sample Weights From Quarterly Weights....................................................... 22 
 

First Form of Nonresponse: Unknown Household Status ........................................................ 22 
 

Second Form of Nonresponse: Unknown Household Eligibility .................................................. 22 
 

Adjustment for Households With More Than One Child ........................................................ 22 
 

Third Form of Nonresponse: Sampled Children for Whom an Interview is Not Completed ............................ 23 
 

Adjustment for Multiple Telephone Landlines................................................................. 23 
 

Adjustment for Noncoverage of Children in Nonlandline Telephone Households..................................... 23 
 

Raking Adjustment ...................................................................................... 23 
 

Quality Control ......................................................................................... 24 
 

Estimation and Hypothesis Testing............................................................................ 24 
 

Interpretation of Weighted Estimates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 
 

Variables Used for Variance Estimation ...................................................................... 24 
 

Variance Estimation Using SUDAAN or STATA .............................................................. 24 
 

Variance Estimation for Subsets of the Data .................................................................. 25 
 

Weighted Frequencies, Prevalence Estimates, and Standard Errors ................................................ 25 
 

Guidelines for Data Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 
 

Further Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 
 

References ............................................................................................... 26 
 

Appendix I. Sample Design ................................................................................. 28 
 

Appendix II. Banked Sample ................................................................................ 31 
 

Appendix III. Computing Sampling Weights.................................................................... 32 
 

Appendix IV. Questionnaire ................................................................................. 37 
 

Appendix V. Summary of Key Differences Between the 2003 and 2007 Questionnaires................................ 126 
 

Appendix VI. Summary of Questionnaire Changes During Data Collection .......................................... 129 
 

Appendix VII. Procedures for Assigning Poverty Status.......................................................... 131 
 

Appendix VIII. Program Names Used for Medicaid and Children’s Health Insurance Program Questions.................. 136 
 

Appendix IX. Letters Sent to Sampled Households ............................................................. 138 
 

Appendix X. Disposition Code Frequencies and Response Rate Calculation ......................................... 139 
 

Appendix XI. Incentive Effort .............................................................................. 142 
 

Appendix XII. Multiple Imputation of Household Poverty Level .................................................. 145 
 

Text Tables

A.	 	 Percentage of National Survey of Children’s Health sample called only for the National Survey of Children’s Health, by
 

state . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 
 

B.	 	 External (nongovernmental) technical expert panel members .................................................. 5 
 

C.	 	 Number of interviewers trained and certified, by month and telephone center location.............................. 7 
 

D.	 	 Number of interviews, by state .......................................................................... 8 
 

E.	 	 Number of interviews, by month ......................................................................... 9 
 

F.	 	 Number and percentage of respondents, by relationship to sampled child ........................................ 9 
 

G.	 	 Mean and median length of National Survey of Children’s Health interview in minutes and seconds, by section and by 
 

National Immunization Survey eligibility ................................................................. 11 
 

H.	 	 Final disposition of the survey sample ................................................................... 12 
 

J.	 	 Weighted response rates, nationally and by state ........................................................... 13 
 

K.	 	 Alternative weighted response rates, nationally and by state .................................................. 15 
 

Appendix Tables

I.	 	 Covariates used to create nonresponse adjustment cells at different nonresponse adjustment stages................... 33 
 

II.	 	 Summary statistics for final child-level weights, nationally and by state ........................................ 36 
 

iv
III.	 Year 2007 guidelines for poverty ranges based on total family members for families in the 48 contiguous states and the 
 

District of Columbia ................................................................................. 131 
 

IV.	 	 Year 2007 guidelines for poverty ranges based on total family members for families in Hawaii .................... 132 
 

V.	 	 Year 2007 guidelines for poverty ranges based on total family members for families in Alaska .................... 132 
 

VI.	 	 Year 2007 reference value table for additional income cascade questions for households in the 48 contiguous states and
 

the District of Columbia .............................................................................. 133 
 

VII.	 	 Year 2007 reference value table for additional income cascade questions for households in Alaska ................. 134 
 

VIII.	 	 Year 2007 reference value table for additional income cascade questions for households in Hawaii ................. 135 
 

IX.	 	 State-specific insurance program names used for questions about Medicaid and the Children’s Health Insurance 
 

Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137 
 

X.	 	 Frequencies of disposition codes ....................................................................... 140 
 

XI.	 	 Unweighted response rate calculations .................................................................. 141 
 

XII.	 	 Completion rates, by incentive eligibility type ............................................................ 144 
 

XIII.	 	 Completion rates, by incentive eligibility type and quarter .................................................. 144 
 

XIV.	 	 Parameter estimates for a linear regression model predicting reported household income values and relative odds 
 

from a logistic regression model predicting whether income was not reported .................................. 147 
 

XV.	 	 Unweighted and weighted estimates of the frequency and prevalence of children with excellent or very good health . . . 148 
 

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Acknowledgments
 

The Maternal and Child Health

Bureau of the Health Resources and

Services Administration provided funding

and direction for the National Survey of

Children’s Health.

The survey was conducted by the

Centers for Disease Control and

Prevention’s (CDC) National Center for

Health Statistics. The project director is

Marcie Cynamon. Design, production,

and analytic assistance for this project

were provided by Rosa Avila, Matthew

Bramlett, and Julian Luke. CDC’s

National Center for Immunization and

Respiratory Diseases graciously permitted

the use of the National Immunization

Survey sampling frame for this survey.

NORC at the University of Chicago

and its subcontractor conducted all

interviews for this project. Technical

assistance was contributed by Nada

Ganesh, Shannon Ten Broeck, Enyinnaya

Adighibe, Erin Raasch, Tracie Carroll,

Santanu Pramanik, and Steven Pedlow.

Gretchen Caspary, Kirk Wolter, Kennon

Copeland, and Tiffani Balok provided

management support.

The report was edited and produced

by CDC/OSELS/NCHS/OD/Office of

Information Services, Information Design

and Publishing Staff: Betsy M. Finley

edited the report and typesetting was done

by Annette F. Holman. The report’s

outline and some text were borrowed with

permission from an earlier Vital and

Health Statistics series report (‘‘Design

and Operation of the National Survey of

Children’s Health, 2003’’).

Finally, we extend our appreciation to

the tens of thousands of parents and other

family members who were willing to

share their stories. Their efforts made this

project a reality.

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Objectives

This report presents the development,

plan, and operation of the 2007 National

Survey of Children’s Health, a module of

the State and Local Area Integrated

Telephone Survey, conducted by the

Centers for Disease Control and

Prevention’s National Center for Health

Statistics. This survey was designed to

produce national and state-specific

prevalence estimates for a variety of

physical, emotional, and behavioral health

indicators and measures of children’s

experiences with the health care system.

The survey also includes questions about

the family (for example, parents’ health

status, stress and coping behaviors, family

activities) and about respondents’

perceptions of the neighborhoods where

their children live. Funding and direction

for this survey was provided by the

Maternal and Child Health Bureau of the

Health Resources and Services

Administration.

Methods

A random-digit-dialed sample of

households with children under age 18

years was selected from each of the 50

states and the District of Columbia. One

child was randomly selected from all

children in each identified household to

be the subject of the survey. The

respondent was a parent or guardian

who knew about the child’s health and

health care.

Results

A total of 91,642 interviews were

completed from April 2007 to July 2008.

Nearly 80% of the interviews were

completed in 2007. Interviews were

completed in 66.0% of identified

households with children. The weighted

overall response rate was 46.7%. A

data file has been released that

contains demographic information on

the selected child, substantive health

and well-being data for the child and his

or her family, and sampling weights.

Estimates based on the sampling

weights generalize to the

noninstitutionalized population of

children in each state and nationwide.

Keywords: Child health services •

chronic disease • family functioning

• medical home

Design and Operation of the

National Survey of Children’s

Health, 2007

by Stephen J. Blumberg, Ph.D., National Center for Health Statistics;

Erin B. Foster, M.S.T., Alicia M. Frasier, M.P.H., Jennifer Satorius,

M.S.W., Ben J. Skalland, M.S., Kari L. Nysse-Carris, Ph.D., Heather

M. Morrison, M.A., Sadeq R. Chowdhury, Ph.D., NORC at the

University of Chicago; and Kathleen S. O’Connor, M.P.H., National

Center for Health Statistics

Introduction

For nearly a century, the Maternal

and Child Health Bureau (MCHB) of

the Health Resources and Services

Administration has been charged with

the primary responsibility for promoting

and improving the health of mothers and

children in the United States. The

mission of MCHB is to ensure the

continued improvement in the health,

safety, and well-being of America’s

women, infants, children, adolescents,

and their families (1,2).

MCHB relies on data from

population-based systems to evaluate

progress toward its mission. Nationallevel data on child health and well-being

are available from a number of ongoing

surveys. However, valid and reliable

state-level statistical estimates generally

cannot be made from these national

datasets for all states. Recognizing the

need for health and well-being data that

could be meaningfully compared across

states and nationally for all children,

MCHB sponsored the first National

Survey of Children’s Health (NSCH) in

2003 through the State and Local Area

Integrated Telephone Survey (SLAITS)

program. To continue monitoring the

health of U.S. children, MCHB

sponsored the second administration of

NSCH in 2007. This report documents

the 2007 design and procedures.

SLAITS Program

The SLAITS program, conducted

by the Centers for Disease Control and

Prevention’s (CDC) National Center for

Health Statistics (NCHS), is a

broad-based, ongoing surveillance

system available at the state and local

levels to track and monitor the health

and well-being of children and adults.

These surveys use the sampling frame

of CDC’s National Immunization Survey

(NIS) and immediately follow NIS in

selected households, using its sample for

efficiency and economy. NIS is a

large-scale random-digit-dialed (RDD)

telephone survey that uses computerassisted telephone interview (CATI)

technology to contact over 1 million

households each year, screen for the

presence of young children in selected

households, and collect immunization

history information for eligible children.

The process to identify this large

number of households—most of which

are ultimately age ineligible for

NIS—offers an opportunity to

administer other surveys on a range of

health- and welfare-related topics in an

operationally seamless, cost-effective,

and statistically sound manner.

Surveys conducted as part of the

SLAITS system vary in content,

duration, and sample size based on the

research needs of their sponsors.

Sponsors work with NCHS to establish

parameters including sample size,

questionnaire design, and other survey

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Page 2 [ Series 1, No. 55

requirements. Since 2005, NORC at the

University of Chicago has administered

all aspects of survey operations. Their

staff, in conjunction with SLAITS staff

from NCHS, develops and tests the

CATI instrument, recruits and trains

interviewers, completes the targeted

number of interviews, and prepares data

files and final documentation. NCHS is

responsible for all aspects of SLAITS

administration.

SLAITS began in 1997 with a pilot

test in two states: Iowa and Washington.

This pilot survey included a series of

questions on health, including issues of

access to care, health status, and

insurance (3). In 1998, a SLAITS

module on child well-being and welfare

issues was implemented using three

samples: a general RDD sample of

children in Texas, known Medicaid

program participants in Texas, and

known Medicaid or MinnesotaCare

participants in Minnesota (3). In 2000,

SLAITS fielded the National Survey of

Early Childhood Health, which collected

data on parents’ perceptions of their

young children’s pediatric care, and

examined relationships between health

promotion in the pediatric office and at

home (4).

SLAITS fielded the first National

Survey of Children with Special Health

Care Needs (NS–CSHCN) in 2001 and

the first NSCH in 2003. NS–CSHCN

was designed to produce national and

state-specific estimates of the prevalence

of children with special health care

needs (CSHCN), describe the types of

services that they need and use, assess

aspects of the system of care for

CSHCN, and evaluate the impact of

their needs on their families (5). NSCH

was designed to produce national and

state-specific estimates of the health and

well-being of all children, their families,

and communities (6). These were the

first SLAITS studies to take full

advantage of the NIS sampling frame to

produce estimates for each of the 50

states and the District of Columbia

(DC). In 2003, SLAITS also fielded the

National Asthma Survey, which

examined the health, socioeconomic,

behavioral, and environmental predictors

that relate to better control of asthma

(7). NS–CSHCN was repeated in

2005–2006 (8), and in 2007 NSCH was

conducted for the second time.

NSCH

According to its vision statement,

MCHB strives ‘‘for a society where

children are wanted and born with

optimal health, receive quality care, and

are nurtured lovingly and sensitively as

they mature into healthy, productive

adults.’’ MCHB also seeks to ensure that

‘‘there is equal access for all to quality

health care in a supportive, culturally

competent, family and community

setting’’ (2). This effort is achieved by

providing block grants that are matched

by state funds (1).

NSCH was conducted to assess how

well individual states, DC, and the

United States as a whole meet MCHB’s

strategic plan goals and national

performance measures. These goals call

for MCHB to provide national

leadership for maternal and child health;

promote an environment that supports

maternal and child health; eliminate

health barriers and disparities; improve

the health infrastructure and systems of

care; assure quality care; work with

states and communities to plan and

implement policies and programs to

improve the social, emotional, and

physical environments; and acquire the

best available evidence to develop and

promote guidelines and practices to

assure social, emotional, and physical

environments that support the health and

well-being of women and children.

NSCH results support these goals by

providing an objective basis for federal

and state program planning and

evaluation efforts (9).

NSCH content is intentionally

broad, and addresses a variety of

physical, emotional, and behavioral

health indicators and measures of

children’s health experiences with the

health care system. The survey includes

an extensive battery of questions about

the family, such as parental health,

stress and coping, and family activities.

The NSCH also asks respondents for

their perceptions of the child’s

neighborhood. No other survey provides

the breadth and depth of information

about children, families, and

neighborhoods with sample sizes

sufficient for state-level analyses in

every state, collected in a manner that

allows comparison among states (9).

National Survey of

Adoptive Parents

In 2007, the Office of the Assistant

Secretary for Planning and Evaluation

(ASPE) and the Administration for

Children and Families, both of the

Department of Health and Human

Services (HHS), collaborated with

NCHS to develop the National Survey

of Adoptive Parents (NSAP). NSAP

focused on the characteristics and needs

of adopted children and their adoptive

families. The survey was tailored to

collect data from three types of adoptive

families: those who adopted through the

U.S. foster care system, internationally,

and through domestic private agencies.

Due to the relatively low prevalence

rate of adoptive families in the United

States, surveys of this population have

typically been conducted using targeted

lists, which may or may not provide

samples that are representative of the

national population of adopted children

and their adoptive families. In contrast,

the large sample size of the 2007 NSCH

enabled NCHS to identify a nationally

representative sample of approximately

2,000 adopted children.

NSCH identified households that

contained at least one child under age

18 years and selected one child from

that household as the subject of the

detailed interview. When a selected

child was identified as adopted,

respondents were invited to also

participate in the NSAP interview. The

NSAP interview examined adoption

agreements, postadoption financial

services, and postadoption nonfinancial

supports, as well as adoption-related

measures of parent and child well-being.

When combined with the NSCH data on

the general health and well-being of

children, their families, and their

neighborhoods, the NSAP data provide

researchers with previously unavailable

insights into adopted children and their

families. Details about NSAP are

included in a separate NCHS report (10)

and will not be further discussed here.
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Series 1, No. 55 [ Page 3 

Influenza Vaccination

Module

In 2007, ASPE also sponsored a 

study to assess influenza vaccination 

coverage in children and characteristics 

of children who did and did not receive 

the vaccine in accordance with 

recommendations from the Advisory 

Committee on Immunization Practices. 

The study assessed risk factors in 

children for which the immunization 

may be indicated, as well as selected 

risk factors for adults in the household, 

as they could also indicate the need for 

influenza immunizations in resident 

children. These questions were 

integrated into the 2007 NSCH 

questionnaire. The target sample size for 

the influenza vaccination module was 

approximately 21,000 completed 

interviews, so as to produce reliable 

estimates for the entire United States, 

each state, and DC. Details about this 

module will not be further discussed 

here. 

Sample Design 

Like all SLAITS modules, NSCH 

took advantage of the large number of 

screening calls required for NIS. To 

accomplish the goal of 1,700 completed 

NSCH interviews in each state, 

telephone numbers were initially 

selected from the telephone numbers 

randomly generated for the NIS 

screening effort. Therefore, the 

procedures for drawing the NIS sample 

were the first steps in the procedures for 

drawing the NSCH sample. There were, 

however, some states for which the NIS 

sample was not large enough to achieve 

the desired number of completed NSCH 

interviews. In these cases, an additional 

sample was drawn for the purpose of 

administering the NSCH interview 

without going through NIS first. This 

‘‘augmentation’’ sample was 

independent of NIS, and as a result, it 

was not subject to NIS screening or 

interviewing. 

The next two sections describe the 

basic NIS and NSCH sample designs, as 

well as the NSCH sample allocation 

procedures. Appendices I, II, and III 

provide more technical descriptions of 

the NSCH sample design and weighting 

procedures. For more detail on the NIS 

sample design, readers are encouraged 

to refer to chapter 2 of the 2007

Methodology Report for NIS (11), which 

is available from NCHS by request. 

Further information regarding NIS itself 

can be found in National Immunization

Survey: The Methodology of a

Vaccination Surveillance System (12) 

and online from http://www.cdc.gov/nis. 

The NIS Sampling Plan

NIS monitors vaccination levels of 

very young children within states and 

local areas. These ‘‘estimation areas’’ 

are nonoverlapping and cover the United 

States. Each estimation area is within 

the borders of a single state, and every 

location in the United States is in one, 

and only one, estimation area. In effect, 

each quarter-year, NIS conducts a 

separate survey in each estimation area, 

using a common list-assisted RDD 

sample design (13,14). The target 

number of completed interviews in each 

estimation area reflects the goal of 

obtaining equally precise estimates in 

each estimation area. Thus, the national 

target for the total number of completed 

NIS interviews is the sum of the target 

number of completed interviews in each 

estimation area. If necessary, the target 

for an estimation area in a quarter is 

adjusted to compensate for its total 

shortfall or excess in previous quarters. 

The target population for NIS is 

children aged 19–35 months, the primary 

target age for immunization programs. 

Because less than 5% of households in the 

United States contain children in this age 

range, NIS screens over 1 million 

households per year to identify a sufficient 

number of households with eligible 

children. SLAITS modules use this NIS 

screening sample. 

NIS uses the list-assisted RDD method 

(13). This method selects a random sample 

of telephone numbers from ‘‘banks’’ of 100 

consecutive telephone numbers (for 

example, 673-256-0000 through 

673-256-0099) that contain at least one 

directory-listed landline residential 

telephone number. The sampling frame of 

telephone numbers is updated each quarter 

to reflect new telephone exchanges and 

area codes. 

Although the number of cellular 

telephone users in the United States has 

increased rapidly, most households with 

children continue to maintain landline 

telephone service (15). Also, most 

cellular telephone users pay for 

incoming calls. Therefore, the NIS 

sampling frame excluded cellular 

telephone banks in 2007. 

NSCH Sample Design and

Allocation

The goal of the NSCH sample 

design was to generate samples 

representative of populations of children 

within each state. An additional goal of 

NSCH was to obtain state-specific 

sample sizes that were sufficiently large 

to permit reasonably precise estimates of 

the health characteristics of children in 

each state. 

To achieve these goals, state 

samples were designed to obtain a 

minimum of 1,700 completed 

interviews. The number of children to 

be selected in each NIS estimation area 

was determined by allocating the total 

of 1,700 children in the state to each 

NIS estimation area within the state in 

proportion to the total estimated number 

of households with children in the NIS 

estimation area. Given this allocation, 

the number of households that needed to 

be screened in each NIS estimation area 

was calculated using the expected 

proportion of households with children 

under age 18 years in the area. Then, 

the number of telephone numbers that 

needed to be called was computed using 

the expected working residential number 

rate, adjusted for expected nonresponse. 

Drawing the Sample

After the number of telephone 

numbers necessary to achieve the target 

number of NSCH interviews in each 

area had been estimated, the samples 

were drawn. The sample draw 

proceeded in three steps. First, telephone 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Page 4 [ Series 1, No. 55 

numbers were sampled for NIS in each 

area as previously described. Second, a 

portion of the telephone numbers in 

each area was flagged to be part of a 

supplemental NIS sample designed to 

assess the vaccination coverage for 

teenagers. [This supplemental NIS 

questionnaire of vaccination rates among 

teenagers began with a national sample 

in the final calendar quarter of 2007 

(Q4/2007) and continued with a 

state-based sample in 2008.] Third, a 

portion of the telephone numbers in 

each area was flagged to be part of the 

NSCH sample. 

After these three steps, every 

telephone number sampled for NIS fell into 

one of four categories: 1) NIS-only, 2) NIS 

and NIS-Teen, 3) NIS and NSCH, or 4) 

NIS, NIS-Teen, and NSCH. Households in 

the fourth group may have been eligible for 

all three surveys, depending on the ages of 

the children in the household. To minimize 

the number of households that would be 

asked to participate in all three surveys, an 

effort was made to flag as few NIS 

telephone numbers as possible for both 

NIS-Teen and NSCH. Still, it was 

necessary to have some overlap between 

the two interviews in the first quarter of 

2008 (Q1/2008). 

In nine states (Connecticut, Delaware, 

Idaho, Kansas, Mississippi, Montana, North 

Dakota, Oklahoma, and Utah), there were 

insufficient NIS samples available to obtain 

the desired number of NSCH completed 

interviews. Additional telephone numbers 

were drawn and categorized as NSCH-only 

sample. Table A shows the proportion of 

the overall NSCH sample that was 

augmented for each state. 

Table A. Percentage of National Survey of

Children’s Health sample called only for

the National Survey of Children’s Health,

by state

State Percent 

Connecticut ............ 17.8 

Delaware ............. 4.9 

Idaho ................ 18.8 

Kansas............... 7.9 

Mississippi. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.6 

Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.5 

North Dakota ........... 10.8 

Oklahoma ............. 17.0 

Utah ................ 8.0 

NOTE: Percentage for all other states and the District of 

Columbia was zero. 

Conducting the NSCH

Interviews

With the exception of the 

NSCH-only augmentation sample, each 

telephone number selected for NSCH 

was called and screened for residential 

status and presence of NIS age-eligible 

children (including NIS-Teen, if 

appropriate). NIS interviews were 

conducted if NIS age-eligible children 

lived in the household. If NIS 

age-eligible children did not live in the 

household, interviewers asked if there 

were any children younger than age 18 

years who lived in the household. If 

only one child lived in the household, 

that child was the subject of the detailed 

NSCH interview. If there were multiple 

children in the household, one was 

randomly selected (that is, sampled) to 

be the subject of the detailed NSCH 

interview. 

The sampling and interviewing 

process described above applied to the 

entire data collection period except for 

the first quarter of 2007 (Q1/2007). 

Households that screened as age 

ineligible for NIS, and households that 

screened as age eligible and completed 

the NIS interview, then moved 

directly—on the same call, where 

feasible—to the NSCH age screening 

and interview. However, in Q1/2007, the 

NSCH questionnaire was not finalized at 

the time the NIS was being fielded. 

Households contacted in Q1/2007 could 

not move on to NSCH screening and 

interviewing directly upon finishing the 

NIS. 

As in other quarters, in Q1/2007 a 

portion of the NIS sample was flagged 

for NSCH. After the telephone numbers 

were called and after NIS had finished 

its interviewing efforts, a subsample of 

this initially selected sample was 

selected. This subsample was later 

dialed for NSCH interviewing. This 

sample is referred to as the ‘‘banked’’ 

sample. The subsampling scheme can be 

found in Appendix II. 

Questionnaire 

The framework for the 2003 NSCH

was initially discussed in September

2001. A panel consisting of state and 

federal maternal and child health 

program directors, representatives of 

family organizations, child health 

services researchers, and survey design 

experts met to discuss content domains. 

Eight domains were selected for their 

epidemiological and policy importance, 

including: 1) demographics, 2) physical 

and mental health status, 3) health 

insurance, 4) health care utilization and 

access to health care, 5) medical home, 

6) family functioning, 7) parents’ health, 

and 8) neighborhood characteristics. In 

addition, age-specific modules were 

identified to capture the developmentally 

appropriate aspects of child health and 

well-being. A subset of this panel then 

assembled questions to capture these 

domains. Questionnaire items identified 

for inclusion were then assessed through 

reviews by outside experts and selected 

members of the community of potential 

data users. Upon final approval by 

MCHB, these questions were pretested 

in 2002 and fielded in 2003 as the first 

NSCH. 

The 2003 questionnaire underwent 

revisions prior to implementation in 

2007. Revisions to the questionnaire 

were initially proposed in December 

2005 by the Advisory Committee for the 

Data Resource Center on Child and 

Adolescent Health, and in February 

2006 by NSCH data users in response to 

a request for input distributed by e-mail 

to members of the SLAITS listserv. 

Additional input was received in early 

2006 from researchers at CDC and at 

Child Trends. Beginning in March 2006, 

a technical expert panel reviewed each 

suggested revision, assembled questions 

to address newly proposed content areas, 

and provided recommendations to 

MCHB. (See Table B for a list of panel 

members.) New and significantly revised 

questions were pretested in December 

2006, and the questionnaire was 

finalized by MCHB and NCHS shortly 

thereafter. 

Content

The NSCH questionnaire was 

designed to immediately follow a 

completed NIS interview in households 

with an NIS-eligible child or the NIS 

screener in households without an 
 

 	 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

	 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Series 1, No. 55 [ Page 5 

Table B. External (nongovernmental) technical expert panel members

Name Affiliation (in 2006) 

coordinated, compassionate, and 

culturally effective (17). 

Maja Altarac, M.D., Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Christina Bethell, Ph.D., M.B.A., M.P.H. . . . . . . . . . . . 

Neal Halfon, M.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

William Hollinshead, M.D. .................... 

Charles Irwin, M.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Jeffrey Lobas, M.D., M.P.A. ................... 

Kristin Anderson Moore, Ph.D. ................. 

Paul Newacheck, Dr.P.H., M.P.P. (chairperson) ....... 

Lynn Olson, Ph.D. ......................... 

Edward Schor, M.D. ....................... 

Judith Shaw, Ed.D., M.P.H., R.N. ............... 

NIS-eligible child. The questionnaire 

was divided into 11 sections, 

summarized below. 

1. Age-eligibility screening and

demographic characteristics—This 

section consisted of the introduction 

to the interview and a question to 

determine if any children under age 

18 years were living in the 

household. All children living in the 

household were rostered by age, and 

one child was randomly sampled for 

the detailed NSCH interview. In this 

section, respondents were asked 

questions about their relationship to 

the sampled child, the sex of the 

sampled child, and the primary 

language spoken in the household. 

2. Health and functional status—The 

questions in this section were asked 

to determine whether the sampled 

child had acute or chronic physical, 

mental, behavioral, learning, or 

developmental conditions and, when 

present, the impact of these 

conditions upon the child’s life. 

Respondents were asked additional 

questions to determine the presence 

of various acute and chronic health 

conditions. This section included the 

CSHCN Screener, a screening tool 

developed by the Child and 

Adolescent Health Measurement 

Initiative to identify special health 

care needs in children (16). The 

CSHCN Screener includes five stem 

questions on health care needs that 

could be the consequences of 

chronic health conditions. If a child 

currently experiences at least one of 

those consequences, follow-up 

questions determine whether each 

health care need is the result of a 

University of Alabama at Birmingham 

Oregon Health and Science University 

University of California, Los Angeles 

Rhode Island Department of Health 

University of California, San Francisco 

Iowa Child Health Specialty Clinics 

Child Trends 

University of California, San Francisco 

American Academy of Pediatrics 

The Commonwealth Fund 

University of Vermont 

3.

4.

5.

medical, behavioral, or other health 

condition that has lasted or is 

expected to last for 12 months or 

longer. Those with affirmative 

answers to the stem and the 

follow-up questions are considered 

to have special health care needs. 

This screener was also used for the 

National Survey of CSHCN (5,8). 

For identified CSHCN, NSCH also 

asked whether the children’s 

condition or conditions limit their 

participation in activities. 

Health insurance coverage—This 

section established whether the 

sampled child had adequate health 

care coverage, and whether there 

were any gaps in health care 

coverage during the 12 months prior 

to the interview. Adequacy was 

defined by whether the insurance 

(public or private) meets the child’s 

needs at reasonable costs. 

Health care access and

utilization—Topics in this section 

included the availability of a usual 

place for care and a personal doctor 

or nurse, as well as the need for and 

use of medical, dental, and mental 

health services within the 12 months 

prior to the interview. 

Medical home—The main goal of 

this section was to assess the quality 

of care from, and communication 

with, the child’s doctors and other 

health care providers. Together, the 

items in this section permit an 

assessment of whether children have 

access to a ‘‘medical home,’’ which 

is defined by the American Academy 

of Pediatrics as primary care that is 

accessible, continuous, 

comprehensive, family-centered, 

6.

7.

child was aged 5 years or under, 

included questions about 

use of formula, and solid food 

Early childhood (0–5 years)—This 

section, administered if the sampled 

developmental screening, child care 

arrangements, injuries, breastfeeding, 

introduction. In addition, this section 

asked about reading, telling stories, 

watching television, and play. This 

section included copyrighted 

questions from the Parent’s 

Evaluation of Developmental Status 

(PEDS) Child Development 

Screening Test. PEDS is a tool to 

identify children at risk for 

developmental, behavioral, or social 

delays (18); therefore, it was used in 

this section as a risk assessment tool 

to identify children who either have 

or are more likely to have problems. 

Researchers interested in analyzing 

PEDS data should consult the PEDS 

documentation for scoring 

instructions. (Health care providers 

wishing to use PEDS in practice to 

assess risk status or to make 

decisions about developmental status 

for individual children must use the 

clinical version of the test, which 

can be obtained from Ellsworth & 

Vandermeer Press, LLC. The clinical 

version was not used for NSCH.) 

Middle childhood and adolescence

(6–17 years)—This section, 

administered if the sampled child 

was aged 6 years or over, focused 

on school enrollment, school 

engagement, activities outside 

school, social behaviors, and 

emotional difficulties. Respondents 

were also asked about their 

attendance at the sampled child’s 

events and activities; whether they 

had met all, some, or none of the 

sampled child’s friends; and the 

amount of time the sampled child 

spent caring for himself or herself. 

Questions also asked about reading, 

computing, and television watching. 

This section included the NSCH 

Social Competence Scale, an 

internally valid and reliable measure 

of social skills and behavior 

problems (19). 
 

	 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

	 

 

 

 

 

 

 

	 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

	 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Page 6 [ Series 1, No. 55 

8.	 Family functioning—This section 

determined the frequency of family 

meals and attendance at religious 

services, as well as the level of 

stress on the family from the 

demands of parenting. Three parental 

stress questions (K8Q31, K8Q32, 

K8Q34) comprised the Aggravation 

in Parenting Scale, which was 

derived from the Parental Stress 

Index (20) and the Parental Attitudes 

about Childrearing Scale (21). It has 

been used previously in the Panel 

Survey of Income Dynamics, the 

Survey of Income and Program 

Participation, and the Survey of 

Program Dynamics. 

9.	 Parental health—Questions in this 

section were designed to obtain the 

number and type of parents (or those 

acting as parents) who live with the 

child and to assess their physical, 

mental, and emotional health; 

exercise frequency; and smoking 

behavior. 

10.	 Neighborhood characteristics— 

The primary goal of this section 

was to ascertain respondents’ 

perceptions of their neighborhoods, 

reports about neighborhood 

amenities and conditions, and 

beliefs about their children’s safety 

in the neighborhood and in school. 

Four of the questions in this section 

(K10Q30, K10Q31, K10Q32, 

K10Q34) consider parents’ 

perceived level of neighborhood 

social capital, focusing specifically 

on positive aspects of social capital 

relating to children (22). This 

concept, alternatively called ‘‘social 

support,’’ is similar to the concept 

of ‘‘social cohesion and trust,’’ 

which is related to variations in 

violence among inner-city 

neighborhoods (23). These 

questions were originally developed 

for the Longitudinal Studies of 

Child Abuse and Neglect and have 

also been used for the Survey of 

Income and Program Participation. 

11.	 Additional demographic

characteristics—In this section, 

respondents were asked a series of 

demographic questions, including 

the number of times the family had 

moved since the child was born, 

household utilization of assistance 

from county welfare programs, and 

the household’s ZIP Code. 

Additional questions determined the 

race and ethnicity of the child and 

whether the child and his or her 

parents were born in the United 

States. This section also included 

questions on family income. The 

annual family income was mapped 

to Department of Health and 

Human Services (HHS) poverty 

guidelines for households. This 

mapping made it possible to 

categorize the household’s income 

relative to the federal poverty level. 

A copy of the questionnaire appears 

in Appendix IV. Appendix V lists the 

key differences between the 2003 and 

2007 questionnaires. Appendix VI lists 

changes made to the 2007 questionnaire 

during the data collection period. 

Appendix VII includes the HHS poverty 

guidelines tables used to determine 

household poverty status and a 

description of the process to assign 

poverty status to households. Appendix 

VIII contains state-specific health 

insurance program names used for 

health insurance questions in Section 3 

of the questionnaire. 

Programming the CATI

NSCH was conducted using a CATI 

system. This software presents the 

questionnaire on a computer screen to 

each interviewer and guides the 

interviewer through the questionnaire, 

automatically routing the interviewer to 

appropriate questions based on previous 

answers. Interviewers enter survey 

responses directly into the computer; the 

CATI program determines whether the 

selected response is within an allowable 

range and saves the responses in a 

survey data file. Online help screens and 

text are available to aid interviewers. 

This reduces the time required to 

transfer, process, and release data, and 

promotes data accuracy. 

The NSCH questionnaire was 

programmed as an NIS module to 

integrate the two surveys into a single 

interview. The instrument made full use 

of the CATI system’s ability to check 

whether a response was within a 

legitimate range, follow skip patterns, 

fill state-specific information in 

questions as applicable (for example, 

names of state health insurance 

programs), and employ ‘‘pick lists’’ for 

response categories. Certain household 

and demographic questions were 

identical in both surveys. If a respondent 

answered these questions during the NIS 

interview, these questions were not 

repeated in NSCH. Instead, answers to 

these NIS questions were copied to the 

NSCH data file, as appropriate. 

Pretesting

Once initial programming was 

completed, the instrument underwent 

rigorous testing to ensure that the CATI 

system functioned correctly. In addition, 

a pretest of the CATI instrument was 

fielded in December 2006 with a 

national list sample of households likely 

to include children purchased from 

Survey Sampling International (SSI). 

Using this list, a total of 640 completed 

interviews were obtained over the 

course of 3 days. The administration 

time for the interview averaged 32 

minutes and 37 seconds, with 40 

interviews (6%) that lasted longer than 

45 minutes. The targeted administration 

time was 25 minutes (not including the 

age screening and informed consent 

process). Based on results from the 

pretest, changes were made and the 

questionnaire was finalized. 

Interviewer Training 

NORC and its subcontractor 

conducted all interviews for the 2007 

NSCH. Interviewer training was 

conducted by NORC staff at production 

centers located in Chicago, IL, and Las 

Vegas, NV. The use of multiple sites 

ensured continuous coverage in all time 

zones across the United States. The 

number of interviewers who completed 

training and certification in each month 

by location is shown in Table C. 

The interviewer training sessions for 

both the pretest and main survey began 

with an introduction and project 

overview. Interviewers were informed 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Series 1, No. 55 [ Page 7 

Table C. Number of interviewers trained and certified, by month and telephone center

location Data Collection 

Chicago, IL 

Location 

Las Vegas, NV Both locations 

Telephone interviewing began on 

April 5, 2007, and was completed on 

Month and year 

Number 

trained 

Number 

certified 

Number 

trained 

Number 

certified 

Number 

trained 

Number 

certified 

July 27, 2008. Interviews were 

completed for 90,557 children and 

2007 

March . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184 

April. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162 

May . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 

June ................ 0 

July . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 

August .............. 86 

September . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 

October .............. 4 

November ............. 0 

December ............. 0 

2008 

January .............. 47 

February ............. 85 

March . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 715 

183 103 101 287 284 

153 37 36 199 189 

50 0 0 51 50 

0 16 14 16 14 

33 22 18 59 51 

82 28 25 114 107 

34 22 19 60 53 

4 0 0 4 4 

0 0 0 0 0 

0 0 0 0 0 

45 0 0 47 45 

84 . . . . . . 85 84 

21 . . . . . . 21 21 

689 228 213 943 902 

. . . Category not applicable. Interviewing at the Las Vegas location ended on January 8, 2008. 

about project goals, the study purpose 

and history, sponsors, and design. An 

overview of each questionnaire section 

was taught, with emphasis on quality 

data collection. The relationship between 

the NSCH and NIS was also covered. 

Several exercises on gaining 

cooperation were conducted throughout 

training to ensure that interviewers were 

equipped to answer frequently asked 

questions (FAQs) and avert refusals. 

Part of the exercises included 

pronunciation of medical conditions, as 

well as a review of FAQs and other job 

aids provided for interviewers. 

Two types of mock interviews were 

administered: trainer-led and dualtrainee interviews. The trainer-led mock 

interviews focused on gaining 

cooperation skills and the interviewer’s 

project knowledge. The first dual-trainee 

mock interview was integrated into the 

section-by-section lecture that 

progressed through the questionnaire. 

The interviewers first listened to a 

lecture regarding each section, and then 

practiced moving through that section in 

CATI before discussing the next section. 

This method ensured that interviewers 

became acclimated to the questionnaire, 

could navigate CATI, and gained 

cooperation as new topics were 

introduced. Additional mock interviews 

were then conducted that simulated 

more realistic interviewing situations in 

real time. Each mock interview was 

designed to highlight various sections of 

the screener and the main questionnaire, 

and to provide different scenarios for 

gaining cooperation. 

At the conclusion of the training 

session, there was an opportunity for 

trainees to ask any final questions. The 

class then participated in an interactive 

game that emphasized project 

knowledge and FAQs, CATI skills, and 

common interview situations. 

After training, interviewers 

completed a certification mock 

interview. This was administered by 

trained supervisors. It was 

approximately 30 minutes in length and 

standardized to ensure that all 

interviewers were assessed equally in 

project knowledge, ability to precisely 

read and correctly pronounce 

questionnaire items, and ability to 

answer respondent questions. 

A written evaluation was also 

administered to reinforce what was 

learned during the training sessions. It 

was 16 questions in length and took 20 

minutes to complete. The evaluation 

covered FAQs, survey procedures, and 

question-specific information. 

Interviewers had to pass both the written 

and certification mock interview to be 

certified to work NSCH cases. 

partially completed for an additional 

1,085 children. The interview was 

considered to be at least partially 

complete if Section 6: Early Childhood 

(for selected children aged 0–5 years) or 

Section 7: Middle Childhood and 

Adolescence (for selected children aged 

6–17 years) was completed. See Table D 

for the total number of interviews 

completed and partially completed in 

each state. 

Because 79% of the 91,642 total 

interviews were completed by the end of 

2007, this survey is referred to as the 

2007 NSCH. Table E shows the total 

number of interviews completed by 

month. 

Advance Letters

Advance letters have been shown to 

decrease nonresponse; they confirm 

study legitimacy and communicate the 

value of the survey (24). When a 

mailing address could be identified for a 

sampled telephone number, an advance 

letter was mailed prior to any telephone 

calls. Letters were mailed for 58.8% of 

the telephone numbers eventually dialed 

by the interviewers, which was 31.0% 

of the total telephone numbers randomly 

generated. (Some known business and 

nonworking telephone numbers are 

removed from the sample of randomly 

generated telephone numbers prior to 

dialing.) Appendix IX includes a list of 

advance letters used over the course of 

data collection. 

Because NSCH typically follows 

NIS, the advance letter sent to most 

households was the usual NIS advance 

letter. It asked recipients to participate in 

a voluntary study on the immunization 

status of their children and the types of 

health and related services that their 

children need and use. The letter also 

explained how their telephone number 

was selected, who was conducting the 

survey, and that their household would 

be contacted within the next 2 weeks. 

The letter included an additional page of 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Page 8 [ Series 1, No. 55 

Table D. Number of interviews, by state for children and teenagers, and that this 

Partially 

State Completed completed Total 

National ........................

Alabama .......................

Alaska .........................

Arizona ........................

Arkansas .......................

California . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Colorado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Connecticut......................

Delaware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

District of Columbia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Florida. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Idaho .........................

Illinois . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Indiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Kansas ........................

Kentucky .......................

Louisiana .......................

Maine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Massachusetts....................

Michigan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Minnesota ......................

Mississippi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Missouri ........................

Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Nebraska .......................

Nevada ........................

New Hampshire ...................

New Jersey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

New Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

New York . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

North Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

North Dakota.....................

Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Oklahoma.......................

Oregon ........................

Pennsylvania.....................

Rhode Island.....................

South Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

South Dakota ....................

Tennessee ......................

Texas .........................

Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Washington......................

West Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Wisconsin.......................

Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

FAQs covering topics such as 

confidentiality and the legitimacy of the 

survey. The letter provided toll-free 

telephone numbers for those with 

concerns or questions about the study 

and for respondents who wanted to 

participate immediately. Finally, the 

letter offered a website address for more 

information about NIS. 

As described earlier, the NIS 

90,557 1,085 91,642 

1,737 24 1,761 

1,714 25 1,739 

1,741 28 1,769 

1,751 14 1,765 

1,728 23 1,751 

1,780 21 1,801 

1,871 18 1,889 

1,786 19 1,805 

1,779 22 1,801 

1,777 20 1,797 

1,766 16 1,782 

1,780 42 1,822 

1,755 13 1,768 

1,897 35 1,932 

1,749 15 1,764 

1,744 13 1,757 

1,784 19 1,803 

1,782 21 1,803 

1,832 36 1,868 

1,735 17 1,752 

1,755 18 1,773 

1,760 26 1,786 

1,847 14 1,861 

1,753 14 1,767 

1,880 38 1,918 

1,830 17 1,847 

1,768 20 1,788 

1,806 21 1,827 

1,796 25 1,821 

1,758 15 1,773 

1,796 31 1,827 

1,796 30 1,826 

1,751 42 1,793 

1,758 24 1,782 

1,784 16 1,800 

1,746 19 1,765 

1,797 19 1,816 

1,783 11 1,794 

1,744 23 1,767 

1,740 16 1,756 

1,857 28 1,885 

1,724 16 1,740 

1,813 27 1,840 

1,783 22 1,805 

1,741 6 1,747 

1,711 14 1,725 

1,755 19 1,774 

1,721 15 1,736 

1,746 20 1,766 

1,841 19 1,860 

1,729 19 1,748 

sample was augmented with additional 

sample in states where NIS samples 

were insufficient to complete the 

required number of NSCH interviews. 

These households were sent an advance 

letter specific to NSCH. The advance 

letter for this augmentation sample 

explained that the interview would 

include questions on health topics such 

as exercise, sleep, diet, and doctor visits 

information would be used to help 

create programs for healthier children, 

schools, and communities. As with the 

NIS advance letter, recipients were 

advised that their telephone numbers 

had been chosen randomly and they 

might be called in the next few weeks. 

Households in the augmentation sample 

were given a unique NSCH-only 

toll-free number to call if they wished to 

participate immediately, or to learn more 

about the study. The letter did not 

mention anything about NIS or 

immunizations, and provided the address 

for the NCHS SLAITS website. 

Toll-free Telephone

Numbers

A toll-free telephone line offered 

respondents the flexibility to call at their 

convenience if they had questions about 

the survey or wanted to establish 

eligibility, complete the interview, or 

submit feedback. Advance letters, 

incentive letters, answering machine 

scripts, and closing scripts referenced 

this toll-free number, and interviewers 

provided the number to respondents who 

requested it during the interview. 

The telephone line was answered by 

NSCH interviewers. During the course 

of data collection, 8,822 cases in the 

NSCH sample called the toll-free line. 

Out of these cases, 4,918 households 

were determined to be ineligible, and an 

additional 2,710 households were 

screened as eligible. Overall, 

respondents in 2,395 of these eligible 

households ultimately completed NSCH. 

A second toll-free telephone number 

connected recipients of the letter to the 

NCHS Research Ethics Review Board 

(ERB) for answers to questions about 

survey legitimacy, confidentiality, and the 

rights of respondents. The ERB number 

was provided in the advance letters and in 

the closing interview script in case 

respondents had questions after completion. 

Selection of Sampled Child

Households were screened for the 

presence of children under age 18 years. 

In households with children, the ages of 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Series 1, No. 55 [ Page 9

Table E. Number of interviews, by month Assurance of

Month and year Total1 Percent Confidentiality

April 2007 ................................ 4,435
 

May 2007 ................................ 9,074
 

June 2007 ................................ 9,449
 

July 2007 ................................ 10,538
 

August 2007............................... 11,208 
 

September 2007 ............................ 8,679
 

October 2007 .............................. 7,454
 

November 2007 ............................ 6,137
 

December 2007 ............................ 5,269
 

January 2008 .............................. 5,472
 

February 2008 ............................. 4,542
 

March 2008 ............................... 5,331
 

April 2008 ................................ 2,533
 

May 2008 ................................ 849
 

June 2008 ................................ 460
 

July 2008 ................................ 212 
 

All months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91,642 
 

4.8 Participation in surveys conducted 9.9

by NCHS is voluntary, and all data 10.3

11.5 collected that could potentially identify

12.2 an individual person are confidential.

9.5 For NSCH, assurance of confidentiality 8.1

6.7 was provided to potential respondents as

5.8 part of the informed consent procedures.

6.0 In the CATI system, interviewers

5.0

5.8 acknowledged that they read the

2.8 following statement to respondents:

0.9

0.5 Before we continue, I’d like you to

0.2 know that taking part in this

100.0 research is voluntary. You may

1

Includes partially completed interviews.

all children living or staying in the

household were then obtained. If a

household only had one child, that child

was selected as the focus of the

interview by default. In households with

multiple children, one child was

randomly selected to be the focus of the

interview.

Selection of Respondent

Interviewers requested to speak with

a parent or guardian who lived in the

household and who knew about the

health and health care of the sampled

child. The respondent was the mother or

father for 94% of sampled children.

Table F shows the frequency of

respondents by their relationship with

the sampled child.

An adult aged 18 or over was not

identified in 2,843 households (0.5% of

all known households contacted for

NSCH). These households were not

eligible to complete the screening

portion of the interview. No interviews

were conducted in these households

even if a minor who lived there was the

consent for study participation was then

obtained and documented in the CATI

system. The informed consent script told

respondents of the voluntary nature of

the survey, assured them their responses

would be kept confidential, indicated

there was no penalty for not answering

questions, and informed them about

survey content and expected duration. If

the respondent was eligible for a

monetary incentive payment (see

‘‘Incentive Effort’’ below), they were

also told that they would receive $10 or

$15 in appreciation for their time.

Finally, the respondent was also told the

interview might be recorded and

monitored by a supervisor for quality

control.

In accordance with HHS regulations

(45 CFR 46), the NCHS ERB and the

NORC Institutional Review Board (IRB)

approved all study procedures and

modifications. The Office of Management

and Budget control number for this

collection of information was 0920–0406.

choose not to answer any questions

you don’t wish to answer, or end

the interview at any time. We are

required by Federal law to develop

and follow strict procedures to

protect your information and use

your answers only for statistical

research. I can describe these laws

if you wish. [In appreciation for

your time, we will send you

$10/$15.] The survey will take

about 25 minutes. In order to

review my work, my supervisor

may record and listen as I ask the

questions. I’d like to continue now

unless you have any questions.

If respondents requested to hear

more about these federal laws, they

were read the following statements:

The Public Health Service Act is

Volume 42 of the US Code, Section

242k. The collection of information

in this survey is authorized by

Section 306 of this Act. The

confidentiality of your responses is

assured by Section 308d of this Act

and by the Confidential Information

Table F. Number and percentage of respondents, by relationship to sampled child

parent of a younger child. Relationship Number Percent

Informed Consent

After the knowledgeable adult came

to the telephone, or after the person who

answered the telephone identified herself

or himself as the knowledgeable adult,

this respondent was informed of her or

his rights as a survey participant. Verbal

Total ................................... 91,642 100.0
 

Mother . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67,388 73.5
 

Father .................................. 18,759 20.5
 

Grandparent............................... 3,854 4.2
 

Aunt or uncle .............................. 609 0.7
 

Sister or brother ............................ 531 0.6
 

Other guardian ............................. 483 0.5
 

Don’t know or refused ........................ 18 0.0
 

0.0 Quantity more than zero but less than 0.05.
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Page 10 [ Series 1, No. 55 

Protection and Statistical Efficiency 

Act. Would you like me to read the 

Confidential Information Protection 

provisions to you? 

If the respondent indicated that he 

or she would like to hear the 

Confidential Information Protection 

provisions, the interviewer read the 

following statement: 

The information you provide will be 

used for statistical purposes only. In 

accordance with the Confidential 

Information Protection provisions of 

Title V, Subtitle A, Public Law 

107–347 and other applicable 

Federal laws, your responses will be 

kept confidential and will not be 

disclosed in identifiable form to 

anyone other than employees or 

agents. By law, every employee of 

the National Center for Health 

Statistics, the National Center for 

Immunization and Respiratory 

Diseases, and its agent, the National 

Opinion Research Center who 

works on this survey has taken an 

oath and is subject to a jail term of 

up to 5 years, a fine of up to 

$250,000, or both, if he or she 

willingly discloses ANY identifiable 

information about you or your 

household members. 

When NCHS (including its 

contractors and agents) collects 

personally identifiable information under 

a pledge of confidentiality for 

exclusively statistical purposes, Section 

308d of the Public Health Service Act 

and Section 512b of the Confidential 

Information Protection and Statistical 

Efficiency Act (CIPSEA) require 

without exception that the 

confidentiality of the personally 

identifiable information be maintained 

throughout the research and thereafter. 

Strict procedures are used by NCHS, its 

data collection contractors, and other 

agents to prevent any disclosure of 

confidential data in survey operations 

and data dissemination. 

Identification of Ageeligible Children for NIS

On occasion, a household indicated 

that there were no NIS-eligible children 

in the household, but upon rostering the 

children’s ages in NSCH, potential 

NIS-eligible children were found. When 

this occurred, the interview returned to 

attempt to complete NIS first, prior to 

continuing with the NSCH interview. 

There were 201 such households 

identified in NSCH, and through 

rescreening in NIS, 146 of these 

households were determined to be age 

eligible for NIS. Of the 201 cases, 122 

cases then returned to the NSCH 

interview after the NIS screening or the 

NIS interview was completed. Of these 

122 cases that returned to NSCH, 82 

completed the NSCH interview. 

Spanish-language

Interviewing

NSCH interviews were administered 

in Spanish as well as in English. A 

professional translator produced a 

Spanish-language version of the NSCH 

questionnaire, and an independent 

translator checked the accuracy of the 

original translation. A team of 

experienced Spanish-speaking telephone 

interviewers and supervisors at NORC 

reviewed the translation and evaluated it 

for accuracy and cultural 

appropriateness. Issues raised during this 

review were resolved in consultation 

with the original translator. Any 

necessary modifications were made, and 

the translated questionnaire was 

programmed into the CATI system for 

testing and eventual production. 

All households were first called by 

an English-speaking interviewer. If a 

respondent answered the telephone in a 

language other than English, 

interviewers asked, ‘‘What language do 

you speak?’’ If it was determined that 

the respondent needed a Spanishspeaking interviewer, the case was 

placed in a Spanish calling queue. If the 

interviewer placing the initial call was a 

Spanish speaker and trained to 

administer the Spanish version of the 

questionnaire, the interviewer toggled to 

the Spanish questionnaire and continued 

the interview without interruption. If 

not, the call was terminated, the case 

was flagged in the CATI system as 

needing a Spanish interviewer, and all 

subsequent calls were made by 

Spanish-speaking interviewers. 

Nevertheless, the interview may have 

been conducted in English if a 

subsequent call by a Spanish interviewer 

reached an English-speaking respondent. 

During data collection, 21,853 

telephone numbers were placed in the 

Spanish calling queue. Of these, 18,067 

were determined to reach households, 

and 14,813 of these households were 

screened for age eligibility. Of 7,923 

households with age-eligible children, 

4,828 completed the NSCH interview 

(4,672 full completes and 156 partial 

completes). Households placed in the 

Spanish queue comprised 5.9% of all 

screened households with children and 

5.3% of all completed NSCH 

interviews. At the end of the NSCH 

interview, the interviewer recorded the 

language used to conduct the interview. 

Of the 4,672 full completes from cases 

placed in the Spanish queue, 4,407 

completed the interview in Spanish. 

Interviewing in Languages

Other Than Spanish or

English

Based on the experience of the 

2005–2006 NS–CSHCN, four languages 

were identified as the most probable 

languages that interviewers would 

encounter other than English or Spanish: 

Mandarin, Cantonese, Vietnamese, and 

Korean. Independent translators 

converted the NSCH questionnaire into 

these Asian languages using the same 

procedures as were used for the Spanish 

questionnaire. Although the Spanish 

questionnaire was programmed into the 

CATI system, a different procedure was 

followed to screen and interview the 

Asian language households, given the 

expected low incidence of the other 

languages. 

When a household was first 

identified as needing a language other 

than English or Spanish, the case was 

transferred to specially trained 

interviewers who would determine the 

necessary language with a language 

service used by NORC and Language 

Line Services. Language Line Services 

provides a real-time translation service 

in more than 170 languages. These 

households were then screened for NIS 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Series 1, No. 55 [ Page 11 

age-eligible children. If they were 

eligible for NIS, the interviewer 

immediately conducted the NIS 

interview with the assistance of the 

Language Line interpreter. After a 

completed NIS interview, or after NIS 

age screening, if no NIS age-eligible 

children lived in the household, the 

interviewer (with the help of the 

interpreter) screened the household for 

children under age 18 years. If the 

household included children and spoke 

one of the four targeted Asian 

languages, the case was assigned to the 

appropriate language queue to be called 

by a specially trained interviewer who 

spoke that language. Special language 

interviewers entered the respondent’s 

answers into the regular English CATI 

system, while using a book that 

contained the translated questionnaire. 

This allowed for the data to be captured 

immediately in the CATI system and to 

be subject to all computerized logic and 

validation checks. 

Throughout the course of data 

collection, 416 households were 

identified as needing an interview in one 

of the four available Asian languages. 

Of these, 12 were determined to be age 

ineligible and 394 were determined to 

be age eligible. The NSCH interview 

was completed with 167 of the 

age-eligible households (156 full 

completes and 11 partial completes). 

Households identified as needing an 

Asian language interviewer comprised 

0.3% of all screened households with 

children, and 0.2% of all completed 

NSCH interviews. At the end of the 

NSCH interview, the interviewer 

recorded the languages used to conduct 

the interview. Of the 156 full completes 

from cases identified as needing an 

Asian language interview, 123 

completed the interview in one of the 

Asian languages. 

If the Language Line interpreter 

reported that a household included 

age-eligible children but did not speak 

English, Spanish, or one of these four 

Asian languages, the case was coded as 

‘‘age eligible, interview incomplete’’ and 

the case was finalized. A total of 688 

households with children were finalized 

due to language. 

Interview Length

Mean and median interview length 

varied by NIS or NIS–Teen eligibility 

because some demographic and 

household questions necessary for NIS, 

NIS–Teen, and NSCH were 

administered as part of the NIS or 

NIS–Teen interview and not repeated 

during the NSCH interview. The average 

interview length for NIS-ineligible and 

NIS–Teen-ineligible households was 28 

minutes, 5 seconds, and the median time 

was 26 minutes, 56 seconds. For 

NIS-eligible or NIS–Teen-eligible 

households, the average interview length 

(excluding the NIS and NIS–Teen 

interviews) was 22 minutes, 55 seconds, 

and the median time was 21 minutes, 54 

seconds. Mean and median interview 

lengths, by section and NIS and 

NIS–Teen eligibility, appear in Table G. 

Interview Breakoffs

Households that terminated the 

interview before completion were placed 

into a queue that was worked by 

interviewers specially trained in refusal 

conversion strategies. These interviewers 

attempted to convert the incomplete 

interview into a completed interview. By 

the end of data collection, 12,619 

interviews were completed with 

households that had refused to 

participate at least once after age 

eligibility was established (13.8% of 

completed interviews). 

Interviews were not completed in 

43,734 identified households with 

children (1.6% of the initial sample and 

32.3% of identified households with 

children). Of these households, 3,138 

broke off during the NIS interview and 

840 broke off during the NIS–Teen 

interview. The remaining 39,756 cases 

reached the NSCH interview. The most 

common places in the NSCH interview 

where respondents broke off were 

during the screener at the rostering of 

children’s ages and the sampling of a 

Table G. Mean and median length of National Survey of Children’s Health interview in minutes and seconds, by section and by National

Immunization Survey eligibility

NIS-eligible or NIS–Teen­ NIS-ineligible and NIS– 

eligible households Teen-ineligible households 

Section of interview Mean Median Mean Median 

Overall .................................. 22:55 21:54 28:05 26:56 

Screener: Age Eligiblity, Selection of Sampled Child and 

Informed Consent ........................... 0:58 0:47 1:39 1:28 

Section 1: Initial Demographics .................... 0:20 0:14 0:34 0:29 

Section 2: Health and Functional Status .............. 4:43 4:23 5:21 5:00 

Section 3: Health Insurance Coverage ............... 1:04 1:01 1:23 1:19 

Section 4: Health Care Access and Utilization ........... 2:13 2:06 2:20 2:12 

Section 5: Medical Home. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2:01 1:54 2:15 2:09 

Section 6: Early Childhood (0–5 years) ............... 4:38 4:24 5:20 5:06 

Section 7: Middle Childhood and Adolescence (6–17 years) . . 5:42 5:20 5:54 5:32 

Section 8: Family Functioning ..................... 1:32 1:24 1:43 1:35 

Section 9: Parental Health . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2:09 1:58 2:17 2:07 

Section 10: Neighborhood and Community Characteristics . . . 1:57 1:49 2:03 1:54 

Section 11: Additional Demographics ................ 1:26 1:18 2:56 2:42 

NOTES: NIS is National Immunization Survey. NIS eligibility refers to household eligibility. NIS-eligible households include at least one child aged 19–35 months; households eligible for the NIS-Teen 

interview include at least one child aged 13–17 years. The NIS-eligible child in the household may or may not have been the child sampled for the National Survey of Children’s Health. 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Page 12 [ Series 1, No. 55 

child (22.6% of such cases), during the Table H. Final disposition of the survey sample

question asking for a respondent 

knowledgeable about the health and 

health care of the sampled child 

(21.0%), or during the informed consent 

script (32.9%). Among the 9,336 cases 

that prematurely ended the interview 

after consenting to continue during the 

informed consent process, 4,649 cases 

broke off before the first question in 

Section 1 (11.7% of the breakoff cases). 

For the 4,687 cases (11.8% of the 

breakoff cases) that began the interview, 

there was little commonality in the 

location of the questionnaire where the 

interview was terminated. 

Cases Pending at Close of

Data Collection

Most of the cases pending at the 

end of data collection were those in 

which the telephone number had not yet 

been resolved as residential or 

nonresidential (79.1% of pending cases 

and 15.9% of the initial sample). Fewer 

cases had been resolved as households 

without age eligibility being determined 

(13.1% of pending cases and 2.6% of 

the initial sample). Finally, as noted 

previously, 32.3% of all age-eligible 

households had not completed the 

interview (7.8% of pending cases and 

1.6% of the initial sample). See Table H 

and Appendix X for more information 

about final dispositions of cases. 

Incentive Effort

In a proactive effort to address 

nonresponse by NSCH-eligible 

households, NSCH implemented a cash 

incentive plan shortly after data 

collection began in April 2007. A 

two-tiered incentive model was 

constructed based on the productive 

incentive efforts executed in the 2003 

NSCH and the 2005–2006 NS–CSHCN. 

Careful monitoring of key response 

rates during the first quarter of data 

collection identified a group of cases 

that were either not responsive to the 

initial incentive offer or had 

characteristics that precluded them from 

incentive eligibility. An expanded 

incentive effort to reach out 

differentially to these households with 

Final disposition 

Number of 

selected 

telephone lines 

Percent of 

total selected 

telephone lines 

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,806,416 100.0 

Not resolved as residential or nonresidential............ 445,972 15.9 

Out of scope (i.e., business, nonworking, fax, or modem) . . . 1,770,887 63.1 

Known household, age eligibility not determined ......... 74,051 2.6 

Age-screened household, no child in age range ......... 380,130 13.5 

Known age-eligible household, interview not completed ..... 43,734 1.6 

Known age-eligible household, partially completed interview . . 1,085 0.0 

Known age-eligible household, completed interview ....... 90,557 3.2 

0.0 Quantity greater than zero but less than 0.05. 

an incentive offer began in August 2007. 

Interview completion rates were 

favorable for the two-tiered model and 

the expanded incentive model, with 

particularly high completion rates 

among the expanded incentive-eligible 

cases in the final two quarters of data 

collection. More detailed descriptions of 

the incentive models, the process by 

which cases were offered an incentive, 

and the completion rates are included in 

Appendix XI. 

Response Rates

Response rates provide one measure 

of the potential for nonresponse 

bias—that is, the possibility that the 

sample interviewed differs from the 

target population in some meaningful 

way. The NSCH weighted response rate, 

calculated nationally and by state, 

reflects the potential for bias in the 

sample of children for whom the 

interview was completed. 

The response rate was calculated in 

accordance with the American 

Association for Public Opinion 

Research’s (AAPOR) standards for 

Response Rate 4 (25). This response 

rate calculation recognizes that some 

cases of unknown eligibility (for 

example, telephone lines that rang with 

no answer, or households in which the 

person answering the phone refused to 

say whether the household included 

children) were in fact eligible. In 

accordance with Council of American 

Survey Research Organizations 

guidelines, the proportion of eligible 

cases among those with unknown 

eligibility was assumed to be the same 

as the proportion of eligible cases 

among those with known eligibility. The 

response rate was calculated as the 

product of component completion rates, 

which are discussed below. 

An alternative set of completion 

rates and overall response rates were 

also provided. The alternative response 

rates were calculated similarly, with the 

exception that, in the calculation of the 

alternative rates, it was assumed that 

cases that were never contacted were 

not households. 

Response rates are just one measure 

of the potential for nonresponse bias. A 

more formal examination of 

nonresponse bias will be published by 

NCHS shortly (26). 

Resolution rate

Response rates for household 

telephone surveys are typically lower 

than response rates for household 

in-person surveys because some 

telephone numbers ring with no 

indication of whether the number 

belongs to a household or to a business. 

NSCH’s national resolution rate, which 

measures the proportion of sampled 

telephone numbers that could be 

identified as residential or 

nonresidential, was 81.9%. Resolution 

rates for each state, which ranged from 

77.2% to 89.2%, are given in Table J. 

When called, the majority of the 

unresolved telephone numbers rang with 

no answer. Most other unresolved 

numbers either reached persons or 

machines who ‘‘hung up’’ before 

identifying themselves or reached 

answering machines that provided no 

indication of whether the caller had 

reached a residence or a business. 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Series 1, No. 55 [ Page 13

Table J. Weighted response rates, nationally and by state ineligible for NIS, then that household

Age-screener Interview Overall

Resolution completion completion response

State rate rate rate rate1

National .......................... 81.9 86.4 66.0 46.7
 

Alabama .......................... 82.9 87.2 70.1 50.6 
 

Alaska ........................... 85.4 88.9 68.8 52.2
 

Arizona........................... 80.5 85.4 64.3 44.2 
 

Arkansas ......................... 86.1 89.7 69.7 53.8 
 

California ......................... 77.2 83.4 62.2 40.1 
 

Colorado. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83.3 87.8 67.3 49.2 
 

Connecticut ........................ 79.2 84.6 65.0 43.5 
 

Delaware ......................... 78.0 86.0 65.4 43.9 
 

District of Columbia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80.4 86.6 67.8 47.2 
 

Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80.5 85.5 61.4 42.2 
 

Georgia .......................... 83.2 85.4 63.0 44.7 
 

Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85.0 84.2 59.0 42.2 
 

Idaho ............................ 84.5 89.1 71.9 54.1 
 

Illinois ........................... 83.7 86.4 64.7 46.8 
 

Indiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85.6 88.8 69.9 53.1 
 

Iowa ............................ 86.8 90.3 72.5 56.8 
 

Kansas........................... 85.9 89.3 69.9 53.7 
 

Kentucky.......................... 84.5 88.5 65.9 49.2 
 

Louisiana ......................... 86.1 85.6 67.9 50.0 
 

Maine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82.6 88.9 71.5 52.5 
 

Maryland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79.3 85.1 65.7 44.3 
 

Massachusetts ...................... 78.5 84.8 67.3 44.8 
 

Michigan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84.3 88.5 67.4 50.3 
 

Minnesota ......................... 85.0 89.1 69.3 52.5 
 

Mississippi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84.5 86.7 65.8 48.2 
 

Missouri .......................... 85.7 89.4 67.7 51.9 
 

Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87.3 89.6 73.2 57.2 
 

Nebraska ......................... 88.1 89.5 74.4 58.6
 

Nevada .......................... 78.5 84.3 63.1 41.7
 

New Hampshire ..................... 79.5 87.2 67.8 47.0 
 

New Jersey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77.7 83.8 60.5 39.4 
 

New Mexico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83.8 86.6 68.4 49.6 
 

New York ......................... 81.0 84.4 60.7 41.5 
 

North Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81.5 87.7 68.2 48.7 
 

North Dakota ....................... 89.2 90.6 76.6 61.9 
 

Ohio ............................ 84.3 88.1 68.1 50.6 
 

Oklahoma ......................... 83.5 87.5 66.9 48.9
 

Oregon........................... 85.0 88.9 66.6 50.3 
 

Pennsylvania ....................... 81.1 87.8 68.7 48.9
 

Rhode Island ....................... 80.8 86.1 69.2 48.2 
 

South Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81.8 86.9 66.6 47.3 
 

South Dakota ....................... 88.8 90.5 73.2 58.8 
 

Tennessee......................... 83.3 87.6 70.6 51.5 
 

Texas............................ 81.3 84.8 66.6 45.9 
 

Utah ............................ 86.1 88.1 71.8 54.4 
 

Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82.7 89.9 72.2 53.6 
 

Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80.6 87.4 67.5 47.5 
 

Washington ........................ 83.6 87.0 66.4 48.3 
 

West Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80.1 88.3 66.8 47.3 
 

Wisconsin ......................... 84.0 89.7 70.8 53.4 
 

Wyoming ......................... 82.6 89.5 73.8 54.5 
 

1

The overall response rate is the product of the resolution rate, the age-screener completion rate, and the interview completion

rate.

may or may not have been age eligible

for NSCH, and so proceeded to the

NSCH age screening. If the respondent

then indicated that the household

contained children under age 18 years

(at question S_UNDR18), the household

was considered to be age eligible for

NSCH. If, during the NIS or NSCH age

screeners, the household indicated that

they had no children whatsoever, the

household was considered to be age

ineligible for NSCH.

For some households, it was never

determined whether the household

contained children under age 18 years;

that is, some households did not

complete the NSCH age screener. The

screener completion rate is defined as

the proportion of identified households

for which it was determined whether or

not the household contained children

under age 18 years. The national

screener completion rate was 86.4%.

Screener completion rates for each state,

which ranged from 83.4% to 90.6%, are

listed in Table J.

Interview completion rate

After it had been determined that a

household contained children under age

18 years, a child was randomly chosen

from the household, and an attempt was

made to conduct a full interview about

the selected child. As noted previously,

the interview was considered to be at

least partially complete if Section 6:

Early Childhood (for selected children

aged 0–5 years) or Section 7: Middle

Childhood and Adolescence (for selected

children aged 6–17 years) was

completed.

Not all households containing a

child completed the NSCH interview.

The interview completion rate is defined

as the proportion of age-eligible

households that completed Section 6 or

Section 7 of the NSCH interview. The

national interview completion rate was

66.0%. Interview completion rates for

each state, which ranged from 60.5% to

76.6%, are listed in Table J.

Overall response rate

The overall response rate is the

product of the resolution rate, the

Screener completion rate

After a telephone number had been

determined to belong to a household,

that household was screened for the

presence of children under age 18 years.

Each household (except for those in the

augmentation sample) was first screened

for NIS eligibility; that is, each

household was screened for the presence

of children aged 19–35 months (and, for

some Q1/2008 sample, for children aged

13–17 years). If a household was age

eligible for NIS, then the household was

also considered to be age eligible for

NSCH. If a household was age
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Page 14 [ Series 1, No. 55 

screener completion rate, and the 

interview completion rate. At the 

national level, the response rate was 

46.7%. Overall response rates for each 

state, which ranged from 39.4% to 

61.9%, are listed in Table J. 

Alternative Response Rates

The overall response rate just 

presented was based on a conservative 

approach to estimating the proportion of 

age-eligible households among the cases 

(that is, telephone numbers) of unknown 

eligibility. This approach assumed the 

same working residential rate for the 

unresolved telephone numbers as was 

observed among the resolved telephone 

numbers, and it assumed the same 

age-eligibility rate for the non-agescreened households as was observed 

among the age-screened households. 

An alternative response rate that 

still meets the general criteria for 

AAPOR Response Rate 4 can be 

calculated by changing the assumption 

that the working residential rate for the 

unresolved telephone numbers was the 

same as was observed among the 

resolved telephone numbers. A less 

conservative assumption holds that all 

telephone numbers that resulted in no 

contact (that is, all attempts resulted in 

rings with no answer or in a busy 

signal) were not working residential 

numbers. Because each telephone 

number was dialed at least six times at 

different times on different days, the 

assumption that all of these 

‘‘noncontact’’ numbers were not 

working residential numbers is 

somewhat tenable. A portion of all other 

unresolved cases were considered 

eligible, using the same working 

residential number rate as was observed 

among the resolved telephone numbers. 

When this alternative assumption 

was applied nationally, the alternative 

resolution rate was 89.9%, which is 

necessarily higher than the 81.9% 

resolution rate in Table J because 

noncontact cases were assumed to be 

nonresidential. The component screener 

completion (86.4%) and interview 

completion (66.0%) rates remained the 

same because noncontact cases do not 

enter into the calculation of these rates. 

As a result, the alternative national 

overall response rate of 51.2% is higher 

than the 46.7% overall response rate. 

The alternative rates for each state, 

which ranged from 44.9% to 64.9%, are 

given in Table K. 

Researchers choosing to report these 

alternative response rates should clearly 

state the assumption on which these 

alternative response rates are based. For 

example, researchers could include the 

following statement in written reports 

that use the alternative response rates: 

‘‘Numbers that, with six or more call 

attempts on different days and times, 

rang with no answer or were busy on all 

attempts were assumed to be 

nonworking or nonresidential numbers.’’ 

Efforts to Maximize

Response Rates

Advance letters, toll-free telephone 

numbers, cash incentives, refusal 

conversion efforts, and translated 

questionnaires were used to help 

maximize response rates. In addition, a 

pretest was conducted to understand 

how respondents would react to 

potentially personal questions and a 

lengthy interview, and to monitor 

respondent suspicions of legitimacy and 

confidentiality, among other issues. 

After the pretest results were analyzed, 

specific improvements were made based 

on these findings. After every quarter of 

data collection, NORC and NCHS 

reviewed and (if necessary) 

implemented interviewers’ and 

supervisors’ recommendations for 

potential changes to the questionnaire, 

data collection procedures, and calling 

rules. These changes were based on 

analysis of questionnaire breakoffs and 

reports from interviewers of problem 

areas within the questionnaire. 

Quality Control of

Interviewing

Telephone center supervisors were 

available to interviewing staff at all 

times to resolve any questions or 

concerns about a case. Supervisors 

regularly observed the data collection 

process to monitor interviewers 

informally. In addition, supervisory staff 

used remote telephone and computermonitoring technology to evaluate 

whether interviewers performed 

according to project specifications. This 

formal monitoring was conducted to 

ensure that introductory materials were 

properly read, item wording and 

sequence of the questionnaire were 

followed correctly, respondent questions 

were answered properly, and any vague 

responses were properly probed. 

Computer monitoring also allowed 

supervisors to ascertain whether answers 

were entered accurately into the CATI 

system. 

Supervisory staff monitored 

approximately 10% of all NSCH calls 

made. To avoid bias in selecting whom 

to monitor, the CATI monitoring system 

automatically selected the interviewers 

to monitor, using an algorithm that gave 

the highest priorities for selection to 

newly trained interviewers, those with 

the fewest monitoring sessions, and 

those with the weakest performance 

reviews. Experienced interviewers were 

prioritized for monitoring based upon 

the length of time since their last 

monitoring session and recent 

monitoring scores. Each interviewer was 

typically monitored at least once a 

week. 

Throughout data collection, 

interviews were recorded (after 

obtaining agreement from respondents). 

These recordings were valuable tools for 

trainings, and when necessary, they 

allowed supervisors to document 

specific case-related performance issues. 

Data Files 

A SAS (version 9.1) data file was 

created using data from completed and 

partially completed interviews that were 

conducted in 2007 and 2008. The 

interview was considered to be at least 

partially complete if Section 6: Early 

Childhood (for selected children aged 

0–5 years) or Section 7: Middle 

Childhood and Adolescence (for selected 

children aged 6–17 years) was 

completed. This file contains data on 

each sampled child’s health and health 

care, health insurance, family 

functioning, parental health, and 

neighborhood or community 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Series 1, No. 55 [ Page 15 

Table K. Alternative weighted response rates, nationally and by state Editing

Resolution Age-screener Interview Overall 

State rate completion rate completion rate response rate 

National ........................ 89.9 86.4 66.0 51.2

Alabama ....................... 89.0 87.2 70.1 54.4

Alaska ......................... 94.1 88.9 68.8 57.5

Arizona ........................ 89.4 85.4 64.3 49.1

Arkansas ....................... 92.0 89.7 69.7 57.5

California . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88.2 83.4 62.2 45.8

Colorado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90.7 87.8 67.3 53.6

Connecticut...................... 87.3 84.6 65.0 48.0

Delaware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87.9 86.0 65.4 49.5

District of Columbia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93.4 86.6 67.8 54.9

Florida. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88.4 85.5 61.4 46.4

Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90.3 85.4 63.0 48.6

Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91.3 84.2 59.0 45.4

Idaho ......................... 91.6 89.1 71.9 58.7

Illinois . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91.8 86.4 64.7 51.3

Indiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92.1 88.8 69.9 57.2

Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91.9 90.3 72.5 60.1

Kansas ........................ 92.2 89.3 69.9 57.6

Kentucky ....................... 90.7 88.5 65.9 52.9

Louisiana ....................... 92.7 85.6 67.9 53.9

Maine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89.3 88.9 71.5 56.7

Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89.2 85.1 65.7 49.9

Massachusetts.................... 86.4 84.8 67.3 49.4

Michigan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91.5 88.5 67.4 54.5

Minnesota ...................... 91.4 89.1 69.3 56.5

Mississippi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91.4 86.7 65.8 52.1

Missouri ........................ 92.0 89.4 67.7 55.7

Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92.5 89.6 73.2 60.6

Nebraska ....................... 92.8 89.5 74.4 61.7

Nevada ........................ 87.6 84.3 63.1 46.6

New Hampshire ................... 86.6 87.2 67.8 51.2

New Jersey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88.6 83.8 60.5 44.9

New Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90.2 86.6 68.4 53.4

New York . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89.6 84.4 60.7 45.9

North Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89.5 87.7 68.2 53.5

North Dakota..................... 93.4 90.6 76.6 64.9

Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89.8 88.1 68.1 53.9

Oklahoma....................... 90.9 87.5 66.9 53.3

Oregon ........................ 91.3 88.9 66.6 54.1

Pennsylvania..................... 89.4 87.8 68.7 54.0

Rhode Island..................... 86.7 86.1 69.2 51.7

South Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89.5 86.9 66.6 51.8

South Dakota .................... 93.2 90.5 73.2 61.8

Tennessee ...................... 90.4 87.6 70.6 55.9

Texas ......................... 89.9 84.8 66.6 50.7

Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92.0 88.1 71.8 58.2

Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89.7 89.9 72.2 58.2

Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89.2 87.4 67.5 52.6

Washington...................... 90.1 87.0 66.4 52.0

West Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87.1 88.3 66.8 51.4

Wisconsin....................... 90.0 89.7 70.8 57.2

Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91.4 89.5 73.8 60.4

NOTE: The alternative resolution rate and overall response rate assume that all noncontact cases—telephone numbers for which 

all call outcomes were ‘‘ring, no answer’’ or busy signals—are not households. The overall response rate is the product of the 

resolution rate, the age-screener completion rate, and the interview completion rate. 

characteristics. There is one record for interview, and 1,085 were partially 

each child that was randomly selected to completed interviews. 

be the subject of the interview. Each An additional SAS data file 

record contains all interview data for the includes multiply imputed household 

sampled child and the household in poverty data. Details about the imputed 

which the child resides. Of the 91,642 poverty data are included in Appendix 

records, 90,557 cases completed the full XII. 

As discussed previously, the CATI 

system was designed to perform edits as 

an interviewer entered data into the 

computer system. To prevent interviewer 

error, the CATI system was developed 

to include range checks and consistency 

checks. If an interviewer entered a value 

that was ‘‘out of range,’’ a warning 

screen would appear, instructing the 

interviewer that the value would not be 

accepted and that he or she would have 

to enter a different answer (and possibly 

re-ask the question). For example, a 

respondent might report three people 

living in the household, but if the 

respondent had earlier reported four 

children, a consistency check would 

appear saying that the number of people 

living in the household must be greater 

than the number of children. 

Despite these range and consistency 

checks, some respondents still provided 

logically inconsistent responses. 

Interviewers were trained not to 

challenge respondents who gave 

logically inconsistent responses. 

Logically inconsistent responses given 

by the respondent were left inconsistent 

in the data files. 

Data cleaning was necessary to 

delete invalid values and investigate 

missing values. Most missing values 

were the result of legitimate skip 

patterns within the questionnaire or the 

result of a partially completed interview. 

On rare occasions, certain data were not 

collected as expected. If, based on 

related questions, the missing data were 

easy to determine, the correct answers 

were added. Records that were missing 

responses for unknown reasons were left 

missing. 

Missing Data

Missing data are not desirable when 

doing analyses, and are often ignored 

completely; however, it can be very 

helpful to know why data are missing. 

The SAS data file for NSCH includes 

special missing value codes for analysts 

who may wish to differentiate between 

different types of missing values. The 

following key provides a description of 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Page 16 [ Series 1, No. 55 

the various codes that were used to 

represent missing data in the file. 

(.N) Not in universe—Respondents 

skipped an entire section of 

questions based on eligibility 

criteria. For NSCH, sampled 

children aged 0–5 years were not 

eligible for Section 7 of the survey, 

and children aged 6–17 years were 

not eligible for Section 6 of the 

survey. 

(.L) Legitimate skip—Variable is 

missing due to valid questionnaire 

paths based on a previous answer to 

a root question. 

(.P) Partially completed

interview—Variable is missing 

because the respondent ended the 

interview after completing Section 6 

or Section 7, but before completing 

the full interview. 

(.M) Missing in error—Variable is 

missing due to interviewer or 

system errors. In cases of 

interviewer error, the interviewer 

may have deleted the data by 

accident or simply may have not 

entered the response. In cases of 

system error, the response may not 

have been collected or saved 

properly after it was entered by the 

interviewer in the CATI system. 

(.A) Added question—Variable is 

missing because this question was 

added after the start of data 

collection and the interview was 

conducted before the question was 

added. 

(.D) Deleted question—Variable is 

missing because this question was 

removed after the start of data 

collection and the interview was 

conducted after the question was 

deleted. 

Because SAS treats all of the above 

codes similarly in statistical analyses 

(that is, as missing data), analysts using 

SAS who are not interested in the 

reasons for the missing data may 

continue to analyze data as usual. 

Note that derived variables (that is, 

new variables calculated from responses 

directly provided by the respondent) do 

not undergo detailed coding for missing 

data. All missing values for derived 

variables received ‘‘.M’’ codes 

regardless of the reason for the missing 

data. Similarly, ‘‘.M’’ was used when 

derived variables were suppressed to 

protect the confidentiality of the survey 

participants. 

Data missing because the 

respondent did not know the answer or 

refused to provide the answer have been 

treated differently. Rather than assigning 

a missing value to these records, a 

numeric code was used to identify these 

responses. Typically, unknown answers 

are coded as ‘‘6,’’ ‘‘96,’’ or ‘‘996.’’ 

Refused responses are coded as ‘‘7,’’ 

‘‘97,’’ or ‘‘997.’’ These codes may differ 

for specific variables; therefore, analysts 

are encouraged to consult the data 

documentation and frequency lists to 

identify the correct codes for each 

variable. Failure to do so may result in 

inappropriate calculations, especially for 

variables measured using ordinal, 

interval, or ratio scales. 

Coding of Verbatim

Answers Into Question

Responses

For some questions in the NSCH 

interview, respondents provided a 

response that did not match any 

pre-existing category. If this occurred, 

the interviewer chose ‘‘other’’ and typed 

in the exact response provided by the 

respondent, to the extent possible. At the 

end of the data collection period, the 

verbatim responses were recoded as 

necessary into existing response 

categories. 

This recoding occurred for 

respondents who did not choose one of 

the pre-existing categories when 

reporting race and ethnicity. This 

recoding also occurred for respondents 

who did not choose one of the 

pre-existing categories for the child’s 

usual place of care when sick 

(K4Q02R). 

Edits to Protect

Confidentiality

NCHS takes extraordinary measures 

to assure that the identity of survey 

subjects cannot be disclosed. The risk of 

inadvertent disclosure of confidential 

information regarding individual 

respondents is higher with a publicly 

released dataset having detailed 

geography variables, a detailed and 

extensive set of survey observations, and 

a sizeable proportion of the total 

population of interest. Coarsening a 

dataset by suppressing survey variables, 

collapsing multiple variables into one, 

collapsing response categories, or 

introduction of noise in the data are 

common techniques to reduce the risk of 

inadvertent disclosure. 

In these data files, the child’s exact 

age (in months) has been suppressed, 

but the child’s age (in years) has been 

reported, along with indicators to 

identify children under age 6 months 

(FLG_06_MNTH) and under age 18 

months (FLG_18_MNTH). The specific 

relationship of the respondent to the 

child (RELATION) has been suppressed 

when the respondent was not the parent 

of the child. Household income has been 

suppressed, but a measure of income 

relative to the federal poverty level has 

been included (POVERTY_LEVELR). 

The date of the interview has been 

suppressed, but for those researchers 

concerned about seasonality effects in 

responses, an indicator (SUMMER) 

identifies those interviews that were 

completed when children were more 

likely to not be in school. 

Geography

Geographic information that would 

identify the specific estimation area in 

states with multiple estimation areas has 

been suppressed. However, state 

identifiers are included. In addition, an 

indicator identifying whether or not the 

household resides inside or outside of a 

metropolitan statistical area (MSA) has 

been included for some states. This 

indicator, called MSA_STAT, was 

suppressed whenever the total 

population for all MSA areas in a given 

state was less than 500,000 persons, or 

whenever the total population for all the 

non-MSA areas in a given state was less 

than 500,000 persons. This resulted in 

the suppression of the MSA identifier in 

16 states. 

Because the MSA identifier is 

suppressed in 16 states, national 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Series 1, No. 55 [ Page 17 

estimates by MSA status are not 

possible with the publicly available 

NSCH dataset, and analysts should use 

caution when including this variable in 

statistical models. Analysts may consider 

using imputation to assign an MSA 

indicator to children in states where the 

indicator was suppressed. One option for 

analyses at the national level is to assign 

MSA status to children in states that are 

predominately metropolitan and to 

assign non-MSA status to children in 

states that are predominately 

nonmetropolitan. If MSA status is 

imputed to all children in Alaska, 

Connecticut, Delaware, Hawaii, Idaho, 

Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New 

Hampshire, Nevada, and Rhode Island, 

the MSA identifier will be correct for 

79% of the children (15,582 out of 

19,684). If non-MSA status is imputed 

to all children in Montana, North 

Dakota, South Dakota, Vermont, and 

Wyoming, the MSA identifier will be 

correct for 63% of the children (5,509 

out of 8,801). For weighted national 

analyses, this imputation procedure will 

result in erroneous classifications for 

8.1% of children. 

Race

Question K11Q02 asked about the 

sampled child’s race. Respondents were 

permitted to identify all possible 

categories that described the child’s 

race. If a race other than one of the 

seven existing categories was indicated, 

then a verbatim response was captured. 

Verbatim responses were reviewed and 

matched against a database of 

alternative race terminology maintained 

by the U.S. Census Bureau. Where 

possible, ‘‘other’’ race responses were 

backcoded into one of the seven existing 

categories. Once all possible verbatim 

responses were backcoded, a new race 

variable was created by collapsing the 

seven categories into one of six 

categories: white, black or African 

American, American Indian or Alaska 

Native, Asian, Native Hawaiian or Other 

Pacific Islander, and multiple race. 

‘‘Multiple race’’ was reserved for those 

cases where more than one of the other 

five categories applied. 

To protect the confidentiality of 

individual respondents and children, 

responses for the race variable were 

further collapsed into four categories: 

white only, African American or black 

only, other race, and multiple race. This 

‘‘other race’’ category includes children 

for whom only one of the other three 

categories (Asian, American Indian or 

Alaska Native, and Native Hawaiian or 

Other Pacific Islander) was reported. 

Children for whom more than one race 

was identified (for example, Asian as 

well as Native Hawaiian) were included 

in the ‘‘multiple race’’ category. If the 

respondent did not know or refused to 

provide the race, then race was coded as 

missing. Cases where a verbatim 

response could not be conclusively 

backcoded (for example, American, 

Indian, Jewish) and no other race was 

reported were also coded as missing. 

This new derived race variable (called 

RACER) is the only classification 

publicly available for all 50 states and 

DC. 

In several states, however, minority 

group populations are sufficiently large 

that the release of additional race 

categories was possible while still 

protecting the confidentiality of the 

respondents and children. To identify 

these states, data from the 2007 

American Community Survey (ACS) 

were examined to identify minority 

groups that comprise at least 5% of the 

total population of children in a specific 

state. Based on this criterion, the data 

files identify American Indian or Alaska 

Native children in Alaska, Arizona, 

Montana, New Mexico, North Dakota, 

Oklahoma, and South Dakota. This race 

classification variable is called 

RACEAIAN. Asian children’s race is 

reported for children in California, 

Maryland, Massachusetts, Nevada, New 

Jersey, New York, Virginia, and 

Washington. This race classification 

variable is called RACEASIA. The data 

file identifies both Asian children and 

Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific 

Islander children in Hawaii. This race 

classification variable is called 

RACE_HI. 

Note that national estimates for 

American Indian or Alaska Native 

children, for Asian children, and for 

Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific 

Islander children are not possible using 

the publicly available NSCH dataset. 

Children with these race classifications 

are identified in selected states only. 

These race classifications were 

suppressed in other states for 583 

American Indian or Alaska Native 

children, 1,245 Asian children, and 258 

Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific 

Islander children. These children with 

suppressed race classifications represent 

62.4% of American Indian or Alaska 

Native children, 37.1% of Asian 

children, and 85.9% of Native Hawaiian 

or Other Pacific Islander children 

nationally. 

Language

Question K1Q03 collected data on 

the primary language spoken in the 

household. Of the 6,643 children living 

in households with a non-English 

language as the primary language 

(PLANGUAGE), 76.0% (n = 5,052) 

lived in Spanish-language households. 

Of the remaining non-English-language 

households, 352 (5.3%) spoke one of 

the four Asian languages in which the 

interview was conducted and 1,239 

(18.7%) spoke another language. To 

protect confidentiality, the specific 

language spoken in non-Englishlanguage households and the specific 

language used for any non-English 

interview (OTH_LANG) have been 

suppressed. 

Height and weight

Question K2Q02 permitted 

respondents to report the child’s height 

in either feet and inches or in 

centimeters. Height reported in 

centimeters was recoded into inches 

(K2Q02R). Question K2Q03 permitted 

respondents to report the child’s weight 

in either pounds or kilograms. Weight 

reported in kilograms was recoded into 

pounds (K2Q03R). Question K2Q04 

permitted respondents to report the 

child’s birth weight in either pounds, 

ounces, or grams. Weight reported in 

pounds and grams were recoded into 

ounces (K2Q04R). 

To protect the confidentiality of 

individual children, very short heights, 

very tall heights, very low weights, and 

very high weights have been suppressed. 

Extreme values were identified within 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

	 

 

 

 

	 

 

 

 

	 

 

 

 

 

	 

 

 

 

 

 

	 

 

 

 

 

	 

 

 

 

 

	 

 

 

 

 

	 

 

 

 

 

	 

 

 

 

 

	 

 

 

 

 

	 

 

 

 

Page 18 [ Series 1, No. 55 

each single-year age group and were 

recoded to less-extreme values. For 

example, for children aged 11 years, all 

reported heights shorter than 43 inches 

were recoded to 43 inches, and all 

reported heights taller than 68 inches 

were recoded to 68 inches. Two flags 

(HGHT_FLG and WGHT_FLG) have 

been added to the dataset to enable 

analysts to determine whether the values 

were reported or assigned. 

Because suppression of height and 

weight variables may hinder calculations 

of body mass index (BMI), a 

four-category variable identifying 

underweight and overweight children 

(BMICLASS) has been added to the 

dataset. Children aged 10–17 years have 

been identified as having a BMI-for-age 

that is equal to the 5th percentile or 

lower, greater than the 5th percentile but 

lower than the 85th percentile, equal to 

the 85th percentile or greater but lower 

than the 95th percentile, and equal to 

the 95th percentile or greater. Percentiles 

are based on gender and age (27). For 

example, if the value of a child’s BMI is 

equal to the 95th percentile, then that 

child is among the 95% of children of 

that age and sex whose BMI is less than 

or equal to that value. Percentiles were 

determined using the 2000 CDC growth 

charts and a SAS statistical analysis 

software program provided online by 

CDC (28). However, this program relies 

on the child’s age in months; because 

age was only reported in years for this 

survey, children were assumed to be at 

the midpoint of the age-year (that is, a 

child aged 10 years was assumed to be 

aged 126 months) for purposes of 

calculating BMI-for-age. 

Height and weight were based on 

parent report and were not 

independently measured. Researchers 

attempting to validate parent report of 

height and weight in the 2003 NSCH 

have concluded that parent-reported data 

should not be used to estimate 

overweight prevalence among 

preschool-aged and elementary 

school-aged children (29). Parents’ 

reports significantly underestimated 

height; as a result, too many young 

children were classified as overweight in 

the 2003 NSCH. Due to concerns about 

the validity of the 2007 data, reported 

height (K2Q02R) and calculated BMI 

categorizations (BMICLASS) have been 

suppressed for children less than age 10 

years. 

Family structure

To protect the confidentiality of 

individual children whose families have 

unique structural characteristics, a single 

measure of family structure 

(FAMSTRUCT) was created from 

K1Q02, K9Q00, K9Q10, K9Q11, and 

K9Q12. The family structure variable 

refers to parents living in the household. 

This variable has four levels: 1) 

two-parent household with both a 

biological or adoptive mother and a 

biological or adoptive father; 2) 

two-parent household with both a 

mother and a father that includes at least 

one stepparent; 3) one-parent household 

with a biological, step, foster, or 

adoptive mother and no father of any 

type present; 4) all other family 

structures. Any of these four family 

structures may include other people who 

act as parents, such as grandparents, 

aunts, uncles, or unmarried partners of 

the parents. Legal guardians were not 

considered to be mothers or fathers. 

Households identified as having two 

mothers of the same type (biological, 

step, foster, or adoptive) have been 

classified as ‘‘other family structure.’’ 

Households with an ambiguous structure 

(for example, where a father refused to 

indicate whether he was the biological 

father) were also coded as ‘‘other family 

structure.’’ 

In addition, variables were 

suppressed that could be used to identify 

households where the child’s biological 

parents were still married to each other 

but not living together (K9Q17B_1, 

K9Q17C_1, K9Q17D_1), as well as the 

specific reasons for not living together 

(K9Q17B_2, K9Q17C_2, K9Q17D_2). 

Top-coded and bottom-coded

variables

Several other frequency variables 

have been top-coded or bottom-coded to 

suppress outliers at the high and low 

ends of the distributions of responses. 

Due to their unusual characteristics, 

cases including these outliers might 

have been more readily identifiable. The 

minimum and maximum categories 

released on the publicly available data 

files are listed below. 

+	 For the total number of children 

living in the household 

(TOTKIDS4), ‘‘4 or more’’ children 

is the maximum category released 

publicly. 

+	 For the total number of adults living 

in the household (TOTADULT3), ‘‘3 

or more’’ adults is the maximum 

category released publicly. 

+	 For the child’s birth weight 

(K2Q04R), ‘‘47 or fewer’’ ounces is 

the minimum category and ‘‘163 or 

more’’ ounces is the maximum 

category released publicly. 

+	 For the number of visits to a doctor, 

nurse, or other health care 

professional for preventative medical 

care in the past year (K4Q20R), ‘‘20 

or more’’ visits is the maximum 

category released publicly. 

+	 For the number of visits to a dentist 

for preventative dental care in the 

past year (K4Q21R), ‘‘12 or more’’ 

visits is the maximum category 

released publicly. 

+	 For the age of the child when 

breastfeeding stopped (K6Q41R), 

‘‘1,095 or more’’ days (that is, 3 

years or over) is the maximum 

category released publicly. 

+	 For the number of days of school 

missed due to illness or injury in the 

past year (K7Q02R), ‘‘40 or more’’ 

days is the maximum category 

released publicly. 

+	 For the number of times that the 

parent was contacted by the school 

during the past year (K7Q04R), ‘‘25 

or more’’ times is the maximum 

category released publicly. 

+	 For the frequency that the child 

attended religious services in the 

past year (K8Q12R), ‘‘daily or more 

often’’ is the maximum frequency 

released publicly. 

+	 For the age of the child’s mother 

(K9Q16R), ‘‘20 or fewer’’ years in 

the minimum category and ‘‘59 or 

more’’ years is the maximum 

category released publicly. 

+	 For the length of time that the child 

or parent had been living in the 

United States (K11Q34AR through 

K11Q37AR), the variable has been 
 

 

 

 

 

 

	 

 

 

 

	 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

	 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

	 

 

 

	 

 

 

 

	 

 

 

 

	 

 

 

 

 

 

 

	 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Series 1, No. 55 [ Page 19

recoded as number of years, and

‘‘one year or less’’ is the minimum

length of time released publicly. For

parents, ‘‘45 years or more’’ is the

maximum length of time released

publicly.

+	 For the number of times that the

child ever moved to a new address

(K11Q43R), ‘‘12 or more’’ times is

the maximum category released

publicly.

+	 For the education level of the

mother, father, and respondent

(EDUC_MOMR, EDUC_DADR,

and EDUC_RESR), post-high school

study is the maximum category

released publicly, and other

responses have been collapsed into

two additional categories (less than

high school graduate, high school

graduate or GED completed).

Data perturbations

Despite the modifications detailed

above, there was lingering concern that

the dataset may include children with

unique combinations of identifiable

characteristics. To investigate this

concern, data from the 2007 ACS were

used to calculate the ratio between the

number of children with various

combinations of observable demographic

characteristics in the NSCH sample and

the number of children with those

combinations of characteristics in the

general population. When the ratio was

large or the population size was small,

some of the identifiable characteristics

in the NSCH data file were changed.

+	 For 87 children, the number of

children living in the household

(TOTKIDS4) was increased or

decreased by one. This change also

resulted in perturbation of the

variable indicating the age of the

sample child relative to other

children living in the household

(AGEPOS4).

+	 For 15 children, the number of

adults living in the household

(TOTADULT3) was increased by

one.

+	 For 4 children whose mothers were

not born in the United States, this

variable (K11Q30R) was set to

‘‘born in the U.S.’’

+	 For 5 children whose fathers were

not born in the United States, this

variable (K11Q31R) was set to

‘‘born in the U.S.’’

+	 For 6 children who were not born in

the United States, this variable

(K11Q33R) was set to ‘‘born in the

U.S.’’ In addition, for 698 children

born in and adopted from a foreign

country, this variable was also set to

‘‘born in the U.S.’’

+	 For 6 children living with a

biological, step, foster, or adoptive

mother and with no father of any

type present, the family structure

variable (FAMSTRUCT) was set to

‘‘other.’’

Analysts interested in working with

data that were suppressed or perturbed

to protect confidentiality may apply to

access unmodified data files through the

NCHS Research Data Centers (RDC).

These facilities, designed for the

researcher outside of NCHS, are located

at NCHS headquarters in Hyattsville,

Maryland, and at CDC headquarters in

Atlanta, Georgia. Unmodified data files

can also be made available through U.S.

Census Bureau RDCs. Data files housed

in an RDC may also be accessed

remotely via e-mail. Analysts should

visit their website at http://www.cdc.

gov/rdc/ for more information.

Derived Variables

A number of derived variables

appear on the data file. The definitions

of these variables are provided below.

AGEPOS4—This variable

represents the age of the sampled

child, relative to the ages of the

other children aged 17 years or

under living in the household.

Because it is not known if the

sampled child was related to the

other children living in the

household, or if the child has

siblings who do not live in the

household, or if the child has

siblings over age 17 years, this

variable should not be interpreted as

birth order.

AGEYR_CHILD—The child’s age

in years was recorded when the

child was first identified as the

sampled child (which may have

been prior to the date when the

actual interview was completed).

Valid values for age are 0 through

17, where ‘‘0’’ means younger than

age 1 year.

CSHCN—This variable is based on

the CSHCN Screener (K2Q10,

K2Q11, K2Q12, K2Q13, K2Q14,

K2Q15, K2Q16, K2Q17, K2Q18,

K2Q19, K2Q20, K2Q21, K2Q22,

and K2Q23) and indicates whether

or not the child has special health

care needs.

EDUC_MOMR, EDUC_DADR,

and EDUC_RESR—These

variables reflecting the highest level

of education completed by the

mother, father, and respondent,

respectively, were derived from data

collected in variables K11Q20

through K11Q22.

HISPANIC—This indicator of

whether the sampled child is of

Hispanic or Latino origin was

derived using data collected in

variables K11Q01 and K11Q02_OS.

Respondents who did not identify a

Hispanic ethnicity during

administration of K11Q01 but did

provide an answer indicating

Hispanic ethnicity as part of the

verbatim response to the race

question (K11Q02_OS) were coded

with a value of ‘‘1’’ for the variable

HISPANIC.

MARCOH_PAR—This variable

indicates the marital or cohabitation

status of the child’s parent or

parents who live in the household

and is based on variables K9Q17A,

K9Q17B, K9Q17B_3, K9Q17C,

K9Q17_3, and K9Q17D. Parents

living with the child were coded as

either married, cohabiting, or

neither married nor cohabiting. An

additional category reflects that no

parents lived in the household.

MARCOH_RESP—This variable

indicates the marital or cohabitation

status of the NSCH respondent and

is based on variables K9Q17A,

K9Q17B, K9Q17B_3, K9Q17C,

K9Q17_3, and K9Q17D. This
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Page 20 [ Series 1, No. 55

variable can be used to impute a

value for MARCOH_PAR for cases

for which no parents live in the

household. This variable is missing

for 2,688 cases because one of the

following circumstances was true:

the respondent was not the mother,

and the mother lived in the

household with no father present;

the respondent was not the father,

and the father lived in the

household with no mother present;

or the respondent was neither the

mother nor the father, and both

mother and father lived in the

household. For those cases, the

respondent was asked about the

marital or cohabitation status of the

child’s parents, not about their own

marital or cohabitation status.

MARSTAT_PAR—This variable

indicates the legal marital status of

the child’s parent or parents who

live in the household and is based

on variables K9Q17A, K9Q17B,

K9Q17C, and K9Q17D. Parents

living with the child were coded as

married, separated, divorced,

widowed, or never married. An

additional category reflects that no

parents lived in the household.

There is some error associated with

this variable: Divorcees who

continued to live together after

divorce could not be identified as

divorced if the household contained

a mother and a father, and ‘‘never

married’’ includes some cases

(4,400 out of 10,392 cases

identified as ‘‘never married’’) for

which it is unknown whether the

parents were in fact ‘‘never’’

married or simply ‘‘not married.’’

MARSTAT_RESP—This variable

indicates the legal marital status of

the NSCH respondent and is based

on variables K9Q17A, K9Q17B,

K9Q17C, and K9Q17D. This

variable can be used to impute a

value for MARSTAT_PAR for cases

for which no parents lived in the

household. This variable is missing

for 2,688 cases, for the same

reasons as described above for

MARCOH_RESP. For those cases,

the respondent was asked about the

marital status of the child’s parents,

not about their own marital status.

In addition, as with

MARSTAT_PAR, there is some

additional error associated with this

variable because some divorcees

continued to live together after

divorce, and because ‘‘never

married’’ includes some cases

(4,263 out of 9,580 cases identified

as ‘‘never married’’) for which it is

unknown whether the respondents

were in fact ‘‘never’’ married or

simply ‘‘not married.’’

MSASTAT—This indicator

identifying whether or not the

household is inside or outside of an

MSA was suppressed to protect

confidentiality in 16 states.

OTH_LANG—This variable is

based on LANG1 and indicates

whether the interview was

conducted in a language other than

English.

PLANGUAGE—This variable was

derived from K1Q03 and indicates

whether the primary language

spoken in the household was not

English.

POVERTY_LEVELR—This

indicator was created using total

household members (K9Q00) and

the household income value. If data

for either of these two components

were missing, refused, or had a

‘‘don’t know’’ response, this

measure was assigned a missing

value code. The household income

value was the actual dollar amount

reported by respondents who

reported an exact household income

(K11Q51). However, when

respondents did not supply a

specific dollar amount for

household income, it was necessary

to go through a series of questions

asking respondents whether the

household income was below,

exactly at, or above threshold

amounts (K11Q52 through

K11Q59A). If respondents did not

complete the income cascade, either

because they refused or did not

know the answer to one of the

cascade questions, this measure was

assigned a missing value code.

Once an income-to-household-size

measure was computed, it was

compared with HHS poverty

guidelines. More detail about the

development of this poverty

indicator is available in Appendix

VII. Missing values for this poverty

indicator were multiply imputed.

Details about the development of

the imputed values are included in

Appendix XII.

RACER, RACEAIAN,

RACEASIA, and RACE_HI—

These race classification variables

were derived from data collected in

variables K11Q02X01 through

K11Q02X08.

RELATION—Information collected

in question K1Q02 regarding the

relationship of the respondent to the

sampled child has been collapsed

into three categories.

SEX—This indicator was created

from K1Q01.

SUMMER—This variable indicates

that the interview was completed

during June, July, or August.

TOTADULT3—The total number

of adults in the household was

derived by subtracting the total

number of children in the household

(S_UNDR18) from the total number

of persons in the household

(K9Q00). As noted previously, this

variable was topcoded at three or

more adults to protect

confidentiality.

TOTKIDS4—This variable

represents the total number of

children aged 17 years and under

living in the household. As noted

previously, this variable was

topcoded at four or more children to

protect confidentiality.

Dummy Variables

When respondents were permitted

to provide multiple answers for the

same question, a variable was created

for each possible answer. The values for

these new dummy variables are ‘‘yes,

this answer was given’’ and ‘‘no, this

answer was not given.’’ When

respondents could not or did not provide

an answer to the question, a value of
 

 

 

	 

 

	 

 

	 

 

	 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Series 1, No. 55 [ Page 21

‘‘don’t know’’ or ‘‘refused’’ was

reported for each of the dummy

variables.

+	 K2Q45D is represented by

K2Q45DX01 to K2Q45DX03.

+	 K4Q28 is represented by

K4Q28X01 to K4Q28X04.

+	 K6Q20B is represented by

K6Q20BX01 to K6Q20BX03.

+	 K6Q31 is represented by

K6Q31X01 to K6Q31X03.

Additional Data Notes

The sampled child’s age

(AGEYR_CHILD) and the number of

children in the household (TOTKIDS4)

were updated for a small number of

cases during data editing. Data from

questions that were skipped due to the

previously erroneous age classification

were set to missing in error as needed.

On July 5, 2007, several questions

related to special health care needs were

added for children who were not

identified as having special health care

needs. These included K2Q12A,

K2Q15A, K2Q18A, K2Q21A,

K2QTEST1, and K2QTEST2. These

questions were intended for

methodological research only, and they

are not included on the publicly

available dataset. Interested researchers

may send an e-mail to NCHS

(slaits@cdc.gov) to obtain access to

these data.

The question about whether or not

doctors provided specific information to

address parents’ concerns (K6Q11) was

intended to be asked for age-eligible

children if any concerns were reported

at K6Q01 through K6Q09. Due to a

CATI programming error implemented

on July 5, 2007, the question was asked

only when parents reported concerns

about the child’s learning, development,

or behavior (K6Q01) and also reported a

concern at K6Q02 through K6Q09. As a

result, 5,015 children have a missing

value for K6Q11.

The age when the child was first

fed formula (K6Q42) and the age when

the child was first fed anything other

than breast milk or formula (K6Q43)

could be reported in days, weeks,

months, or years. Ages reported in

weeks, months, or years were recoded

into days (K6Q42R and K6Q43R,

respectively).

As the result of a system error, a

small number of cases have the

variables for time spent reading

(K7Q50; 32 cases), time spent

computing (K7Q51; 54 cases), or

frequency of religious service attendance

(K8Q12R; 48 cases) set to ‘‘missing in

error.’’

Several questions from the National

Survey of Adoptive Parents were

included on the NSCH for a subsample

of NSCH households. Data from these

questions about school performance

(K7Q12 and K7Q13) and about the

parent-child relationship (K8Q22

through K8Q26) are not included on the

publicly available dataset due to the

small sample size (n = 2,022). Interested

researchers may contact NCHS

(slaits@cdc.gov) to obtain access to

these data.

Some respondents initially reported

that the mother or father of the selected

child does not live in the household (at

K9Q11 and K9Q12), but later indicated

(at K9Q17B_2 or K9Q17C_2) that the

biological mother or father does live in

the household. For these cases, the later

information was used when deriving the

family structure (FAMSTRUCT) and

marital/cohabitation variables (for

example, MARCOH_PAR). This initial

reporting error occurred for mothers in

189 cases and for fathers in 533 cases.

The logic for asking parent-specific

questions later in the survey (such as

health status of each parent and

education level of each parent) was

based on the initially erroneous K9Q11

and K9Q12 responses. Answers to these

parent-specific questions were set to

‘‘missing in error’’ as appropriate.

The text fill at K9Q18 was revised

midquarter in Q2/2007 to ask about the

respondent’s spouse or partner rather

than the child’s mother or father because

this question could be misinterpreted by

respondents in stepfamilies. Data

collected prior to this revision were not

suppressed during editing because it is

unknown which respondents

misunderstood the question.

There are 67 NSCH partial

completes where the NIS interview was

completed. Where applicable, responses

from NIS demographic questions have

been filled into the corresponding

NSCH questions.

Procedures for

Developing Sampling

Weights

This section provides a nontechnical

overview of the weighting procedures

for the NSCH sample. A more detailed

and technical description can be found

in Appendix III.

A single weight was generated for

all analyses for NSCH. The steps to

calculate this weight consist of the

calculation of a base sampling weight,

the development of full sample weights

from quarterly sample weights, an

adjustment for nonresolution of

telephone numbers, adjustments for

nonresponse, an adjustment for

subsampling of age-eligible children, an

adjustment for multiple telephone lines,

an adjustment for noncoverage of

children in households without landline

telephones, and a raking adjustment to

external control totals.

Base Weight

The goal of NSCH was to complete

approximately 1,750 interviews in each

state over five calendar quarters of data

collection. The total number of

telephone lines needed to obtain this

number of completed interviews was

estimated. Enough NIS sample was

subsequently selected for most

estimation areas to obtain the required

number of completed cases for the

NSCH for each quarter of data

collection. Some estimation-area

samples contained too few telephone

numbers in the NIS sample to obtain the

desired number of completed cases. In

these areas, additional telephone

numbers were randomly selected to

reach the NSCH targets.

The telephone lines selected for

screening for the NSCH represent a

random sample in each geographic area

of all possible telephone lines in

noncellular banks of telephone numbers

containing at least one residential-listed

number. The probability that any given
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

	 

	 

 

 

	 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

	 

 

	 

 

	 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Page 22 [ Series 1, No. 55 

telephone line will be selected from this 

population of possible telephone lines 

can be calculated by dividing the 

number of telephone lines selected for 

the study by the total number of 

possible telephone lines in a given area. 

Each telephone line selected for the 

NSCH represented some larger number of 

telephone lines in that geographic area. 

This number can be calculated as the 

inverse of the probability of selection for 

any telephone line. This number is the base 

weight that is associated with each 

completed household interview in that 

geographic area. 

In computing the base weight, a 

special adjustment was applied to 

accommodate the subsampling of the 

NSCH sample that occurred for 

Q1/2007. The final released sample for 

the NSCH in Q1/2007 was a subsample 

of the cases initially flagged for release. 

Therefore, the base weights for this 

banked sample were equal to the normal 

base weight times a factor equal to the 

inverse of the probability of being 

included in the subsample. 

Computing Full Sample

Weights From Quarterly

Weights

In this step, all five quarterly 

samples were combined such that the 

samples from all quarters jointly 

represent the full population. Because 

the base weights were calculated for 

each quarter separately, the sum of the 

base weights in each quarter represents 

the full population for a geographic 

area. For each area, the full-sample 

weights were computed from quarterly 

base weights by applying composition 

factors proportional to the number of 

sampled and released telephone numbers 

in a quarter, adjusted for the design 

effect due to any differential sampling 

rates within the quarter. 

First Form of

Nonresponse: Unknown

Household Status

When the selected telephone lines 

were called, three results were possible: 

+	 The telephone line belonged to a 

household. 

+	 The telephone line was not a 

working residential number but was 

a business number or a nonworking 

number. 

+	 The status was undetermined 

because the telephone rang without 

being answered, the person 

answering the telephone hung up 

immediately, or the telephoneanswering device did not indicate 

whether the telephone line belonged 

to a household. 

This last category includes some 

household telephone lines, but the exact 

number of household telephone lines in 

this category is unknown. The 

households with resolved telephone 

numbers must represent the households 

in this unknown category. The size of 

this nonresponse adjustment is based on 

the observed size of the first two 

categories. The proportion of households 

in the unknown category is assumed to 

be the same as the proportion of 

households among all resolved 

telephone numbers. This adjustment 

varies based on socioeconomic and 

demographic characteristics of the 

population under a telephone exchange 

and whether the telephone line was 

directory listed. Based on the frequency 

of the nonresponse in a given 

adjustment cell, compensation is made 

for this nonresponse by proportionately 

increasing the weights for those 

households with resolved telephone 

numbers, so that the households with 

resolved telephone numbers represent 

the households in the unknown category. 

Second Form of

Nonresponse: Unknown

Household Eligibility

When a household has been 

identified, three results are possible: 

+	 The household includes an 

age-eligible child. 

+	 The household does not include a 

child and is not eligible. 

+	 The age-eligibility screener is not 

completed, and the eligibility of the 

household is unknown. 

This last category includes some 

age-eligible households. However, the 

exact number of age-eligible households 

in this category is unknown. The 

households known to be age-eligible 

must represent the age-eligible 

households in this unknown category. 

This proportional adjustment is the 

second unit nonresponse adjustment. 

The size of the adjustment is based on 

the observed size of the first two 

categories. The proportion of 

age-eligible households in the unknown 

category is assumed to be the same as 

the proportion of age-eligible 

households among all households where 

the screening interview for the presence 

of children was completed. Similar to 

the previous step, this adjustment varies 

based on socioeconomic and 

demographic characteristics of the 

population under a telephone exchange 

and whether the telephone line was 

directory listed. Based on the frequency 

of nonresponse to the age-eligible 

screening interview in an adjustment 

cell, compensation is made for this 

nonresponse by proportionately 

increasing the weights for those 

households known to be age-eligible in 

that cell, thus representing the 

age-eligible households in the unknown 

category. The nonresponse adjustment 

for age screening was made within each 

state. 

Adjustment for Households

With More Than One

Child

The unit of analysis now rotates to 

the child level from the household level. 

For households with more than one 

age-eligible child, only one child was 

selected randomly per household to be 

the subject of the NSCH interview. The 

randomly selected child represents all of 

the children in the household. Therefore, 

the sampling weight for this randomly 

selected child must be increased to 

reflect the fact that this child represents 

multiple children in that household. This 

adjustment multiplies the nonresponse 

adjusted household weight by the 

number of children in the household. 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

	 

 

	 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

	 

 

	 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

	 

 

	 

Series 1, No. 55 [ Page 23 

Third Form of

Nonresponse: Sampled

Children for Whom an

Interview is Not Completed

When a child has been randomly 

selected (that is, sampled), two results 

are possible: 

+	 An interview is completed or 

sufficiently partially completed. 

+	 An interview is not completed. 

The completed child interviews 

must also represent the children who 

were sampled but for whom an 

interview was not completed. This 

proportional adjustment is the third unit 

nonresponse adjustment. The size of the 

adjustment is based on the size of the 

two categories and is calculated simply 

as the ratio of the weighted total number 

of sampled children to the weighted 

number of completed interviews. In 

other words, based on the frequency of 

nonresponse among sampled children 

with certain sociodemographic 

characteristics in a given state, 

compensation is made for this 

nonresponse by proportionately 

increasing the weights for those 

interviews that could be completed in 

the adjustment cell. The completed 

interviews, therefore, also represent the 

sampled children with incomplete 

interviews. 

Adjustment for Multiple

Telephone Landlines

Among the households that 

complete the interview, some will report 

more than one landline telephone for 

home use (excluding lines used only for 

fax or computer). If a household has 

multiple telephone lines for home use, 

this household has a greater chance of 

being included in the survey than does a 

household with only a single telephone 

line. An adjustment to the weight is 

necessary to compensate for their 

multiple chances of selection. The 

adjusted child-level weight from the 

previous step was further adjusted by 

dividing the weight by the number of 

telephone landlines for home use. 

Adjustment for

Noncoverage of Children

in Nonlandline Telephone

Households

NSCH did not select households 

without a landline telephone at the time 

of the survey. To compensate for the 

noncoverage of children in nonlandline 

telephone households, an adjustment 

based on whether the child’s household 

experienced an interruption in telephone 

service was applied. Households with 

interrupted telephone service were 

targeted in the weighting process 

because there is evidence that 

households with telephones at the time 

of the survey, but with interruptions in 

telephone service during the year, are 

more similar to households with no 

telephone service than are households 

with uninterrupted telephone service 

during the year (30–32). Therefore, 

noncoverage of households without a 

telephone can be somewhat 

compensated for by proportionately 

increasing the weights for those 

interviews that could be completed in 

households with interrupted service. In 

this way, completed interviews in 

households with interrupted service also 

represent the incomplete interviews in 

households without telephone service at 

the time of the interview. 

To apply this adjustment, two 

groups were defined within each state 

depending on whether the household 

had an interruption in landline telephone 

service of more than one week or not 

during the past 12 months. The size of 

the adjustment was based on state-level 

estimates of the proportion of children 

in households with a landline telephone, 

derived based upon 3 years of National 

Health Interview Survey data. 

Raking Adjustment

Despite the weighting efforts and 

the nonresponse adjustments, the 

estimated number of children is unlikely 

to perfectly match known population 

totals. Any discrepancies are likely to be 

due to random sampling error and 

nonrandom response biases. Raking 

adjusts the weights to match population 

control totals for key sociodemographic 

information obtained from external 

sources. 

For the NSCH, the independent 

source was the 2006 and 2007 ACS. 

The total counts of children by state 

were obtained from the 2007 ACS, 

which corresponds to July 1, 2007. The 

midpoint of the NSCH data collection 

periods varied from state to state but, 

for deriving control totals, July 1, 2007, 

was used as the reference time point for 

all states. The counts by different 

subgroups within each state were 

derived by first estimating proportions 

in subgroups and then applying the 

estimated proportions to the total counts 

of children in the state. The ACS 2006 

and 2007 files were combined to 

produce stable estimates of proportions 

by state for all but one variable. For the 

number of children in each state living 

in MSAs, the proportional distribution 

was obtained by combining three years 

(2005–2007) of Current Population 

Survey (CPS) data. ACS and CPS 

estimates were restricted to the 

noninstitutionalized population of 

children, which includes regular 

households and noninstitutionalized 

group quarters. 

The raking adjustment was done in 

two steps: a short initial step and then 

the primary raking step with all essential 

control totals. At the initial step, the 

raking adjustment was done using 

various categories of the following 

marginal totals within each state and 

DC: 

+	 Number of male and female children 

within each of four age groups 

+	 Number of children in MSAs and 

non-MSA areas 

The purpose of this initial step is to 

ensure that the input weights to the 

primary raking step were adjusted for 

MSA status. To accommodate other 

more important raking dimensions, the 

MSA dimension was not included in the 

primary raking step. 

At the primary raking step, the 

adjustment was done using various 

categories of the following marginal 

totals within each state and DC: 

+	 Number of male and female children 

within each of three age groups 

+	 Number of children in various 
 

 

 

 

	 

 

 

 

	 

 

 

	 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Page 24 [ Series 1, No. 55 

nonoverlapping race and ethnicity 

categories, where the number of 

categories varied by state 

+	 Number of children in households 

that have a highest reported level of 

education within each of three 

nonoverlapping categories 

+	 Number of children in households 

that have a household income in 

each of five nonoverlapping 

categories 

+	 Number of children in households 

with one child, in households with 

two children, and in households with 

three or more children 

For raking purposes only, all 

missing variables used in the weighting 

process were imputed using a hot deck 

imputation procedure. The donors were 

selected by forming imputation classes 

for each imputed variable. 

The various adjustments 

occasionally made some weights 

substantially larger than other weights. 

These extremely large weights were 

truncated to prevent a small number of 

cases with large weights from having 

undue influence on estimates. After any 

extreme weights were trimmed, the 

weights were re-raked. This process was 

iterated until there were no extreme 

weights after raking. The raking and 

trimming process yields a final weight 

for each child with a complete NSCH 

interview. 

Quality Control

NORC staff compared the formulas 

for the weights and adjustments 

developed by the sampling statistician 

with the actual weights and adjustments 

constructed by the statistical 

programmer. An independent check was 

performed on the programmer’s 

implementation of the statistician’s 

weighting specifications. 

Estimation and 

Hypothesis Testing 

NSCH data were obtained through a 

complex sample design involving 

unequal probabilities of selection of 

children within households and 

stratification of households within states. 

To produce estimates that are 

representative of children nationally and 

within each state, sampling weights 

must be used. As described earlier, a 

single sampling weight (NSCHWT) has 

been developed for NSCH. This weight 

should be used for both national and 

state-level analyses. 

Interpretation of Weighted

Estimates

Estimates based on the sampling 

weights generalize only to the 

population of U.S. noninstitutionalized 

children aged 0–17 years at the time of 

the interview. These estimates do not 

generalize to the population of parents, 

the population of mothers, or the 

population of children’s health care 

providers. 

Two examples may help make this 

distinction clearer. Weighted estimates 

based on K8Q11 can be interpreted as 

the proportion of children whose 

families regularly eat meals together, but 

should not be interpreted as the 

proportion of families who regularly eat 

meals together. Similarly, weighted 

estimates based on K8Q30 can be 

interpreted as the proportion of children 

whose parents are coping well with the 

demands of parenthood, but should not 

be interpreted as the proportion of 

parents who are coping well. 

Variables Used for

Variance Estimation

Because of the complex design of 

NSCH, the interviewed cases have 

unequal weights. Therefore, statistical 

software programs that assume simple 

random sampling will most often 

compute standard errors that are too 

low. Tests of statistical hypotheses may 

then suggest statistically significant 

differences or associations that are 

misleading; however, computer 

programs are available that provide the 

capability of variance estimation for 

complex sample designs (for example, 

SUDAAN, Stata, and WesVar). To 

provide the user with the capability of 

estimating the complex sample variances 

for NSCH data, stratum identifiers and 

primary sampling unit (PSU) codes on 

the data files were provided. These 

variables and the sample weights are 

necessary to properly calculate 

variances. 

The strata identified on the publicly 

released dataset are not identical to the 

strata used to draw the sample. In states 

with multiple estimation areas, 

independent samples were selected from 

each estimation area in proportion to the 

total number of households with 

children in each estimation area; 

therefore, these estimation areas should 

be considered strata for variance 

estimation. Disclosure of the specific 

estimation area for each child (even if 

the code were scrambled) could increase 

the risk of disclosure of a child’s or 

respondent’s identity. For example, the 

estimation area with the lowest 

frequency of responses in New Jersey 

would be readily identifiable as Newark. 

In the absence of estimation areaspecific identifiers, data users should use 

the state identifier (STATE) as the 

stratum identifier. By using the state 

identifier rather than the suppressed 

estimation area identifier, the standard 

errors for national and state estimates 

with key variables are affected only 

slightly, and not in a consistent 

direction. The PSU for NSCH is the 

household, represented on the datasets 

by the unique household identifier, 

IDNUMR. 

The overall number of persons in 

this survey is sufficient for most 

statistical inference purposes. However, 

analyses of some rare responses and 

analyses of subclasses can lead to 

estimators that are unreliable. Small 

sample sizes used in the variance 

calculations may also produce unstable 

estimates of the variances. 

Consequently, these analyses require that 

the user pay particular attention to the 

variability of estimates of means, 

proportions, and totals. 

Variance Estimation Using

SUDAAN or STATA

Standard errors of NSCH estimates 

can be obtained using the Taylor series 

approximation method, available in 

software such as SUDAAN, SAS, and 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Series 1, No. 55 [ Page 25 

STATA. The state is the stratum variable 

and the household is the PSU variable. 

The simplifying assumption that 

PSUs have been sampled with 

replacement allows most complex 

survey sample design computer 

programs to calculate Taylor series 

standard errors in a straightforward way. 

This method requires no recoding of 

design variables, but is statistically less 

efficient (and therefore more 

conservative) than some other methods 

because the PSU unit is treated as being 

sampled with replacement within the 

stratum unit. For SUDAAN, the data 

file needs to be sorted by stratum 

(STATE) and PSU (IDNUMR) prior to 

invoking any procedures. The following 

example lists SUDAAN design 

statements that can be used to analyze 

the data: 

+ PROC . . . DESIGN = WR 

+ NEST STATE IDNUMR 

+ WEIGHT NSCHWT 

For STATA, the following design 

statements are used: 

+ svyset strata STATE 

+ svyset psu IDNUMR 

+ svyset pweight NSCHWT 

+ svyset 

Other variance estimation 

procedures are also applicable to the 

NSCH. Specifically, the jackknife 

method with replicate weights and the 

bootstrap resampling method with 

replicate weights can also be used (via 

software such as WesVar) to obtain 

standard errors that fully reflect the 

impact of the weighting adjustments on 

standard errors. 

Variance Estimation for

Subsets of the Data

Most analyses of NSCH data will 

focus on specific population subgroups, 

such as children in only one state or 

children who live in poverty. Some 

analysts will therefore be tempted to 

delete all records outside of the domain 

of interest in order to work with smaller 

data files and run computer jobs more 

quickly. This procedure of keeping only 

select records and deleting other records 

is called subsetting the data. Subsetted 

data that are appropriately weighted can 

be used to generate correct point 

estimates (for example, estimates of 

population subgroup frequencies or 

means), but most software packages that 

analyze complex survey data will 

incorrectly compute standard errors for 

subsetted data. When complex survey 

data are subsetted, the sample design 

structure is often compromised because 

the complete design information is not 

available. Subsetting the data can delete 

important design information needed for 

variance estimation. 

NSCH was designed to provide 

independent datasets for each of the 50 

states and DC. Subsetting the survey 

data to a particular state does not 

compromise the design structure of the 

survey. That is, standard errors 

calculated in SUDAAN for a particular 

state will not be affected if the dataset 

has been subsetted to that particular 

state. 

Subsetting to specific population 

subgroups (within or across states) can 

result in incorrect standard errors. For 

example, subsetting the data to children 

who live in poverty within a specific 

state will result in incorrectly calculated 

standard errors. Typically, the standard 

errors for subsetted data will be inflated, 

resulting in a higher probability of type 

II error (that is, failing to detect 

significant differences that do in fact 

exist). SUDAAN has a SUBPOPN 

option that allows the user to target 

specific subpopulations for analysis 

while retaining the full unsubsetted 

dataset that includes the full sample 

design information. Analysts interested 

in specific population subgroups must 

use SUBPOPN rather than subsetting 

the datasets. 

Weighted Frequencies,

Prevalence Estimates, and

Standard Errors

Weighted frequencies, prevalence 

estimates, and standard errors for 

selected survey measures are available 

from the Data Resource Center for 

Child and Adolescent Health. This 

online center is led by the Child and 

Adolescent Health Measurement 

Initiative at the Oregon Health and 

Science University, and is supported 

through a cooperative agreement with 

MCHB. The data resource center is 

available from http://www.nschdata.org 

or http://www.childhealthdata.org. 

Analysts may wish to replicate the 

online tables to determine if they are 

using the weights correctly. 

Guidelines for Data 

Use 

With the goal of mutual benefit, 

NCHS requests that recipients of data 

files cooperate in certain actions related 

to their use. 

Any published material derived 

from the data should acknowledge 

NCHS as the original source. The 

suggested citation, ‘‘Data Source: 

National Center for Health Statistics and 

Maternal and Child Health Bureau, 

National Survey of Children’s Health, 

2007’’ should appear at the bottom of 

all tables. Published material derived 

from the data should also include a 

disclaimer that credits any analyses, 

interpretations, or conclusions reached to 

the author and not to NCHS, which is 

responsible only for the initial data. 

Consumers who wish to publish a 

technical description of the data should 

make a reasonable effort to ensure that 

the description is not inconsistent with 

that published by NCHS. 

CIPSEA and the Public Health 

Service Act (Section 308d) provide that 

these data collected by NCHS may be 

used only for the purpose of health 

statistical reporting and analysis. Any 

effort to determine the identity of any 

reported case is prohibited by these 

laws. NCHS takes extraordinary 

measures to assure that the identity of 

survey subjects cannot be disclosed. All 

direct identifiers, as well as any 

characteristics that might lead to 

identification, have been omitted from 

the dataset. Any intentional 

identification or disclosure of a person 

or establishment violates the assurances 

of confidentiality given to the providers 
 

 

	 

 

	 

 

 

 

	 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

	 

 

 

 

	 

 

 

 

	 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

	 

 

 

 

 

	 

 

 

 

 

 

	 

 

 

 

 

	 

 

 

 

 

	 

 

 

 

 

 

	 

 

 

 

 

 

	 

 

 

 

 

	 

 

 

 

	 

 

 

 

 

	 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

	 

 

 

 

 

 

	 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

	 

 

 

 

 

 

	 

 

 

	 

 

 

 

 

 

	 

 

Page 26 [ Series 1, No. 55

of the information. Therefore, users

must:

+	 Use the data in this dataset for

statistical reporting and analysis

only

+	 Make no use of the identity of any

person discovered, inadvertently or

otherwise, and advise the Director,

NCHS, of any such discovery

(301–458–4500)

+	 Not link this dataset with

individually identifiable data from

any other NCHS or non-NCHS

datasets

Use of the dataset signifies users’

agreement to comply with the

above-stated statutory-based

requirements.

Further Information

Data users can obtain the latest

information about SLAITS by

periodically checking the SLAITS

website at http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/

slaits.htm. This site features

downloadable data files and

documentation for SLAITS modules, as

well as important information about any

modifications and updates to data and/or

documentation. Data users will also find

current contact information if you have

any additional questions. Data users

with questions may also send e-mail to

slaits@cdc.gov.

Researchers may also wish to join

the SLAITS electronic mail listserv. To

subscribe or unsubscribe, visit

http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/slaits/

slaits_listserv.htm and follow the

directions listed. The listserv has

approximately 1,000 subscribers around

the world who use SLAITS data or are

interested in SLAITS. Subscribers

periodically receive e-mail containing

news about SLAITS surveys (for

example, new releases or modifications

to existing data), publications, or related

conferences. The listserv is moderated

and listserv membership is private.

For more information about CDC,

you may contact CDC’s Information

Contact Center (CDC–INFO) in English

or Spanish by calling (800) CDC–INFO

(800–232–4636) or e-mailing

cdcinfo@cdc.gov. Persons with hearing

impairment may contact CDC–INFO

with a TTY machine at 888–232–6348.

The CDC–INFO fax machine line is

770–488–4760. Please note, however,

that CDC–INFO cannot respond to

questions about individual medical

cases, provide second opinions, or make

specific recommendations regarding

therapy. These issues should be

addressed directly with personal health

care providers.

References

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policy for children with special health

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http://mchb.hrsa.gov/research/

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3.	 Ezzati-Rice TM, Cynamon M,

Blumberg SJ, Madans JH. Use of an

existing sampling frame to collect

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4.	 Blumberg SJ, Olson L, Osborn L, et al.

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weighting adjustments for state health 

21. 

Press, Inc. 277–91. 1997. 

Easterbrooks MA, Goldberg WA. 

Toddler development in the family: 

Impact of father involvement and 

parenting characteristics. Child Dev 

32. 

insurance surveys. Inquiry 41(3):280– 

90. 2004. 

Frankel MR, Srinath KP, Hoaglin DC, 

Battaglia MP, Smith PJ, Wright RA, 

Khare M. Adjustments for non22. 

55(3):740–52. 1984. 

Fields JM, Smith KE. Poverty, family 

telephone bias in random-digit-dialling 

surveys. Stat Med 22(9):1611–26. 2003. 

structure, and child well-being: 

Indicators from the SIPP. Population 

33. Landreth A. SIPP advance letter 

research: Cognitive interview results, 

Division Working Paper No. 23. U.S. 

Bureau of the Census, Population 

implications, & letter recommendations. 

U.S. Census Bureau, Center For Survey 

Division. 1998. Available from: Methods Research. 2001. Available 

23. 

http://www.census.gov/population/ 

www/documentation/twps0023/twps 

0023.html. 

Sampson RJ, Raudenbush SW, Earls F. 

Neighborhoods and violent crime: A 

34. 

from: http://www.census.gov/srd/papers/ 

pdf/sm2001-01.pdf. 

Rubin DB. Multiple Imputation for 

Nonresponse in Surveys. New York: 

John Wiley. 1987. 

multilevel study of collective efficacy. 

Science 277(5328):918–24. 1997. 

35. Raghunathan TE, Lepkowski JM, Van 

Hoewyk J, Solenberger P. A 

24. De Leeuw ED, Callegaro M, Hox J, 

Korendijk E, Lensvelt-Mulders G. The 

influence of advance letters on response 

multivariate technique for multiply 

imputing missing values using a 

sequence of regression models. Survey 

in telephone surveys. Public Opin Q 

71(3):413–43. 2007. 36. 

Methodology 27(12):85–95. 2001. 

Schafer JL. Analysis of Incomplete 

25. The American Association for Public 

Opinion Research. Standard definitions: 

Multivariate Data. London: Chapman 

and Hall. 1997. 

Final dispositions of case codes and 

outcome rates for surveys. 5th edition. 

37. Pedlow S, Luke JV, Blumberg SJ. 

Multiple imputation of missing 

26. 

Lenexa, KS: AAPOR. 2008. 

Skalland BJ, Blumberg SJ. 

Nonresponse in the National Survey of 

household poverty level values from 

the National Survey of Children with 

Special Health Care Needs, 2001, and 

Children’s Health, 2007. National 

Center for Health Statistics. Vital 

the National Survey of Children’s 

Health, 2003. Hyattsville, MD: 

27. 

Health Stat 2(156). Forthcoming. 

Kuczmarski RJ, Ogden CL, GrummerNational Center for Health Statistics. 2007. Available from: http://www. 

Strawn LM, et al. CDC growth charts: 

United States. Advance data from vital 

cdc.gov/nchs/data/slaits/mimp 

01_03.pdf. 

and health statistics; no. 314. National 

Center for Health Statistics. 2000. 

28. CDC. A SAS program for the CDC 

growth charts. Available from: 

http://www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/dnpa/ 

29. 

growthcharts/resources/sas.htm. 

Akinbami LJ, Ogden CL. Childhood 

overweight prevalence in the United 

States: The impact of parent-reported 

height and weight. Obesity 17(8):1574– 

80. 2009. 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Page 28 [ Series 1, No. 55

Appendix I. Sample Design 

The basic design objective of the 

National Survey of Children’s Health 

(NSCH) sample was to interview a 

sample of 1,700 children under age 18 

years in each state and the District of 

Columbia (DC). The sample was 

selected by identifying households with 

children under age 18. If only one child 

lived in the household, that child was 

the target of the interview. If more than 

one child was present, one child was 

randomly selected as the target. 

National Immunization

Survey Sample

With the exception of the 

NSCH-only augmentation sample, the 

sample of households selected to be 

screened for NSCH was predominately a 

subsample of the households screened 

for the National Immunization Survey 

(NIS), a continuous list-assisted 

random-digit-dialed (RDD) survey. 

Starting in 2007, the base NIS 

estimation areas included 56 regions (50 

state or ‘‘rest of state’’ areas plus 6 

grantee urban areas). The six grantee 

urban areas are: Chicago, IL; 

Philadelphia, PA; New York City, NY; 

Bexar County, TX; Houston County, 

TX; and Washington, DC. Also starting 

in 2007, state immunization programs 

could identify cities or counties of 

interest to be oversampled. Eight of 

those regions, which may change 

annually, were selected and added to the 

base NIS estimation areas to equal a 

total of 64 estimation areas. For more 

detail on the NIS sample design, readers 

are encouraged to obtain the 2007

Methodology Report for NIS (11). 

Associating Telephone

Numbers with Estimation

Areas

To draw a sample of telephone 

numbers in an NIS estimation area, a 

list of all telephone numbers that belong 

to that area must be compiled. For some 

estimation areas, this step is 

straightforward. For example, when the 

estimation area is a state, the list would 

consist of all telephone numbers within 

the central-office codes that are in 

service in the area codes assigned to 

that state. (Combined, an area code and 

a central-office code form a ‘‘prefix 

area.’’ For example, 312–555–xxxx is 

the prefix area corresponding to the 555 

central office in the 312 area code.) 

For other estimation areas, however, 

this step encounters a number of 

complications. When the estimation area 

is a city or county, some prefix areas 

may cover part of the estimation area 

and part of an adjacent estimation area. 

In such situations, NIS applies a 

majority rule: If at least 50% of the 

directory-listed households in a prefix 

area fall inside an estimation area, the 

prefix area is assigned to that estimation 

area. 

Drawing the Initial NIS

Sample

The sampling frame for an 

estimation area consists of banks of 100 

consecutive telephone numbers within 

the prefix areas assigned to the 

estimation area. Banks that contain only 

wireless (that is, cell phone) telephone 

numbers are excluded from the frame. 

Banks that contain zero directory-listed 

residential telephone numbers are also 

excluded from the frame because they 

have very little chance of containing 

working residential numbers. 

To exclude banks that contain zero 

directory-listed residential telephone 

numbers, the GENESYS Sampling 

System [a proprietary product of 

Marketing Systems Group (MSG)] uses 

a file of directory-listed residential 

numbers from InfoUSA. The result is a 

file that lists the remaining banks (the 

‘‘1+ working banks’’). From the 1+ 

working banks, a random sample of 

complete 10-digit telephone numbers is 

drawn for each quarter in such a way 

that each number has a known 

probability of selection that is equal for 

all numbers in the same estimation area. 

Within each estimation area, the NIS 

sample is then segmented into replicates, 

or representative subsamples, with each 

replicate containing sample telephone 

numbers from each of the estimation 

areas. Segmenting the sample into 

replicates allows the release of 

telephone numbers over time in a 

controlled manner. 

Updating the National

Immunization Survey

Sampling Frame

The set of telephone banks with at 

least one directory-listed residential 

telephone number changes over time. As 

a result, the NIS sampling frame needs 

to be updated on a quarterly basis. 

Area-code splits produce additional 

changes to the sampling frame. MSG 

maintains a separate sampling frame for 

each estimation area. Each quarter, MSG 

examines the database to determine 

whether any currently included banks 

should be assigned to different 

estimation areas and to assign newly 

included banks to estimation areas. The 

rules for assignment are the same as in 

the initial definitions of the estimation 

areas. 

Once all modifications have been 

made to the database, a number of 

checks ensure that all changes have 

been applied correctly and that the new 

database produces samples consistent 

with those produced prior to the 

changes. These checks compare the 

numbers of active banks and RDDselectable lines in each estimation area 

before and after the update. In parallel, 

the numbers of exchanges assigned to 

each estimation area before and after the 

update are compared. Small changes are 

expected, because new banks are put 

into service as new numbers are 

assigned. In the event of a major 

discrepancy in any of these checks, 

MSG is notified of the difference and 

asked to provide documentation of the 

reasons for the change. 

Preparation of the Sample

Coordinated management of the 

sample follows a sequence of steps. The 

initial quarterly sample for each 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

estimation area is divided into replicates. 

Before a replicate is loaded into the 

computer-assisted telephone interview 

(CATI) system, several stages of 

processing remove as many businesses 

and nonworking numbers as possible. 

Telephone numbers on the NIS’s ‘‘Do 

Not Call List’’ are not loaded into the 

CATI system. Also, at each quarter, any 

duplicate telephone numbers (that is, 

numbers that have appeared in the 

sample in any of the three prior 

quarters) are identified and excluded 

from dialing. For the 2007 NSCH, 

52.7% of the telephone numbers in 

released replicates were loaded into the 

CATI system for calling. The remaining 

47.3% of the telephone numbers in the 

released sample were resolved prior to 

dialing. 

Forming National

Immunization Survey sample

replicates

NIS divides the sample in each 

estimation area into 26 representative 

subsamples or replicates. This procedure 

permits smoother release of the sample 

(at the rate of one or two replicates per 

week) for each estimation area 

separately, as needed. Toward the end of 

the quarter, half-size replicates allow 

tighter control over the total amount of 

sample released. The aim is to produce 

an even distribution of work in the 

telephone center over the course of each 

quarter of data collection. 

Removing business and

nonworking numbers

Over two-thirds of all selected 

telephone numbers are typically 

businesses or unassigned. Requiring 

interviewers to dial and classify all of 

these numbers would be inefficient. To 

prevent that potential expense, NIS uses 

another MSG product (a companion to 

the GENESYS Sampling System) to 

quickly and accurately reduce the size 

of this task. 

First, the selected sample is 

matched against a GENESYS file 

containing telephone numbers that are 

directory-listed in a business Yellow 

Pages and are not directory-listed in a 

residential White Pages. Any business 

numbers so identified are removed from 

the sample. Second, numbers listed in 

residential White Pages are identified 

and temporarily set aside. 

Third, a hardware system 

(GENESYS-IDplus) screens the 

remaining sample to remove a portion 

of the nonworking numbers. Using 

personal computers with special 

hardware and software, this system (the 

‘‘autodialer’’) automatically dials the 

telephone numbers to detect nonworking 

numbers, which are indicated by the 

familiar tritone signal for out-of-service 

numbers, by an extended period of 

silence, or by continuous noise on the 

line. Sometimes nonworking numbers 

ring one or more times before the 

tritone occurs; GENESYS-IDplus 

permits numbers to ring two times 

before hanging up. On a national basis, 

15% to 20% of the dialed numbers ring 

and are answered. To minimize the 

number of answered calls, the system is 

used only during the day, when 

household members are less likely to be 

at home. Calls that are answered are 

routed to an attendant, who says, 

‘‘Sorry, I must have dialed the wrong 

number.’’ 

Finally, the directory-listed 

residential numbers are combined with 

the numbers that were not removed by 

the autodialer to produce the NIS 

sample for the telephone center. The 

numbers removed within released 

replicates are themselves considered 

released. They are also considered 

prescreened and assigned disposition 

codes indicating that they are resolved, 

nonresidential numbers. 

Ported wireless telephone

numbers

A significant recent development in 

the telecommunications industry is the 

FCC regulation on portability. Local 

number portability allows wireless 

telephone customers to switch from one 

company to another while retaining the 

same telephone number. There are three 

ways in which consumers can take 

advantage of the new number portability 

provisions: 1) wireless-to-wireless, 2) 

wireless-to-landline, and 3) landline-towireless. 

Series 1, No. 55 [ Page 29

Wireless telephone numbers are not 

knowingly included in the RDD 

sampling frame. Therefore, the first way 

to make a number portable does not 

impact the RDD sampling strategy. The 

second way could result in the exclusion 

of a small number of households with 

landline telephone service from the 

RDD sampling frame. The third 

way—the porting of landline numbers to 

wireless service providers—creates the 

possibility of inadvertently including 

wireless telephone numbers in the RDD 

samples. 

FCC rules (implementing the 

Telephone Consumer Protection Act of 

1991) bar automated calls to wireless 

telephone numbers. To pre-identify 

landlines that have been ported to 

wireless telephones, the selected NIS 

sample is matched to the NeuStar 

database, which contains the national list 

of ported telephone numbers. Details on 

the database can be found at http:// 

www.tcpacompliance.com. Each 

quarterly sample is compared to the 

database and the ported numbers flagged 

accordingly. The flagged numbers are 

assigned an out-of-scope disposition 

code and are not called. The numbers in 

released replicates are also matched to 

the NeuStar database on a daily basis to 

identify any new ports that have not 

already been finalized within the 

telephone center. If a number is dialed 

in NIS and found to have reached a 

wireless telephone number, the call is 

immediately terminated and classified as 

out of scope without seeking an 

interview. 

‘‘Do Not Call’’ requests

A file is maintained by NORC 

containing telephone numbers of people 

who have previously been contacted for 

NIS and have requested that they not be 

called again. Each quarter’s sample is 

compared with this file, and numbers 

contained in the ‘‘Do Not Call List’’ are 

not included in the quarterly sample of 

numbers loaded into the CATI system. 

Duplicate telephone numbers

Because of the repeated quarterly 

sampling operations in each estimation 

area, some telephone numbers were 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Page 30 [ Series 1, No. 55

selected more than once. To avoid any 

respondent problems created by 

recontacts for the same survey, a further 

sample preparation step identified 

duplicate numbers. Each quarterly NIS 

sample file was compared with all 

sample files for the three previous 

quarters, and the duplicate numbers 

were excluded. Thus, the quarterly 

samples were essentially selected by a 

method of without-replacement 

sampling. However, analysts are 

reminded to invoke with-replacement 

sampling in SUDAAN or Stata for 

accurate variance estimation. 

Obtaining Addresses for

Advance Letters

To obtain addresses that correspond 

to telephone numbers in the sample, the 

numbers for each replicate are sent to a 

vendor (TARGUSinfo) who maintains a 

large and frequently updated database of 

over 160 million residential and 

business telephone numbers, including 

unpublished telephone numbers. Sources 

for the data include call centers and 

companies in the telecommunications, 

consumer goods, insurance, and credit 

industries. 

After the sample has been prepared, 

the use of this vendor’s reverse-match 

system yielded addresses for about 

58.8% of the telephone numbers loaded 

into the CATI system. Advance letters 

were sent to these addresses. The 

mailing was approximately 10 days, or 

two weekends, prior to the time when 

the telephone numbers in the 

corresponding replicates were scheduled 

to be called. 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Series 1, No. 55 [ Page 31

Appendix II. Banked Sample 

In the usual State and Local Area 

Integrated Telephone Survey (SLAITS) 

operation, households either screen as 

ineligible for the National Immunization 

Survey (NIS), or as NIS eligible and 

complete the NIS interview. These 

households then move directly—on the 

same call, where feasible—on to the 

SLAITS portion of the computerassisted telephone interview (CATI) 

instrument for SLAITS screening and 

interviewing. However, in the first 

quarter of 2007 (Q1/2007) the CATI 

instrument was not finalized at the time 

the NIS was being fielded; therefore, 

households could not move on to NSCH 

screening and interviewing directly upon 

finishing the NIS. 

As in other quarters, in Q1/2007 a 

portion of the NIS sample was flagged 

for NSCH even though the National 

Survey of Children’s Health (NSCH) 

screening and interviewing could not be 

done in Q1/2007. To take advantage of 

the NIS screening that was done in 

Q1/2007, a subsample of the initially 

flagged NSCH sample was drawn, using 

the outcomes of the NIS dialing 

operation as stratifiers to increase 

efficiency. 

First, every NSCH-flagged case that 

finished NIS (either as NIS ineligible or 

as NIS eligible with a completed NIS 

interview) was included in the 

subsample with certainty. These cases 

were dialed for NSCH screening and 

interviewing between May and October 

2007. 

Next, the NSCH-flagged cases that 

did not finish NIS (that is, they did not 

complete the NIS age-eligibility screener 

or did not complete the NIS interview) 

were rescreened by GENESYS-IDplus 

in November of 2007 to identify cases 

that could be screened out as businesses 

or nonworking telephone numbers. Any 

case that was screened out by 

GENESYS-IDplus was included in the 

subsample with certainty. However, it 

was never dialed for NSCH screening 

and interviewing. 

Finally, 10,000 cases were selected 

from among the NSCH-flagged cases 

that did not finish NIS and were not 

screened out by GENESYS-IDplus. The 

cases were selected using state and NIS 3. Cases (10,000) not in either of the 

outcome as strata. The 10,000 cases first two groups that were selected 

were allocated to each state in using NIS outcomes as strata. These 

proportion to the number of cases cases were included in the 

initially flagged for NSCH in the state. subsample with less than certain 

(For example, if 1/40 of Q1/2007 probability (that is, probability is 

initially flagged NSCH cases fell within less than 1). 

a particular state, then that state was 

allocated 1/40 of the 10,000 cases, or 

250 cases.) Within each state, the cases 

were grouped into four strata according 

to the outcome of the NIS dialing effort 

in Q1/2007: 

+ Group 1: Screened for NIS age 

eligibility 

+ Group 2: Identified as a known 

household by NIS, but not screened 

for NIS age eligibility 

+ Group 3: Final NIS disposition of 

‘‘likely household’’ or ‘‘answering 

machine’’ 

+ Group 4: Final NIS disposition of 

‘‘noncontact,’’ ‘‘nonresidential,’’ or 

‘‘nonworking telephone number’’ 

Within each state, cases from Group 

1 were selected with certainty, and cases 

in Groups 2, 3, and 4 were selected at 

an equal rate. This rate varied by state 

so as to yield the appropriate total 

number of cases selected in each state 

based on the state-level allocation of the 

10,000 cases. Once the 10,000 cases 

were chosen in this way, the cases were 

dialed for NSCH screening and 

interviewing from December 2007 to 

April 2008. 

In this way, the final Q1/2007 

NSCH sample consisted of a subsample 

of the initially flagged Q1/2007 NSCH 

sample, in three pieces: 

1. Cases that finished NIS either as 

NIS ineligible or NIS eligible with a 

completed NIS interview. These 

cases were included in the 

subsample with certainty (that is, 

probability equals 1). 

2. Cases not in the first group that 

were screened as businesses or 

nonworking telephone numbers by 

GENESYS-IDplus. These cases were 

included in the subsample with 

certainty (that is, probability 

equals 1). 
 1 Naq W0k = = , k{ a,q , πk naq

 

1

Q = if k { Q1/2007, 0k k

 

 

 

 

Q0k = 1 if k ∉ Q1/2007

1 = if k { Q1/2007 and in Q1BANK 1k

= 0 if k ∉ Q1/2007 but not in Q1BANK.

 W1k W2k = if k{ a,q,

R2aq

n’

∑ aq

R2aq = Daq

n’aq

,

Daq

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

	 

 

	 

 

	 

 

	 

 

	 

 

	 

	 

	 

 

	 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

	 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

W 1k = W0kQ0k ,

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

n’aq = naq if q ≠ Q1/2007

< naq if q = Q1/2007

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

	 

 

	 

 

	 

 

	 

 

	 

 

	 

	 

	 

 

	 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

	 

 

 

	 

 

 

	 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Page 32 [ Series 1, No. 55

Appendix III. Computing Sampling Weights

This section presents the

methodology used to compute the

sampling weights for the National

Survey of Children’s Health (NSCH)

sample. The weighting scheme for the

NSCH sample involved the following

steps:

+	 Computing the base weight

separately for each quarter;

+	 Combining all quarters and

computing full sample weights;

+	 Adjustment for nonresolution of

released telephone numbers by

quarter;

+	 Adjustment for incomplete

age-eligibility screener by quarter;

+	 Adjustment for subsampling of

children within households;

+	 Adjustment for incomplete NSCH

interviews;

+	 Adjustment for multiple telephone

landlines;

+	 Adjustment for noncoverage of

nontelephone households; and

+	 Raking adjustment to external

control totals.

Base Weights

The base weight for the NSCH

sample was the reciprocal of the

selection probability of a sampled

telephone number. Because the NSCH

sample is generated from the National

Immunization Survey (NIS) sampling

process, the base weights were

computed within each NIS sampling

stratum (referred to as sampling area) as

defined in relevant NIS survey quarters.

In computing the base weight, a

special adjustment was applied to

accommodate the subsampling of the

NSCH sample in the first quarter of

2007 (Q1/2007). The final released

sample for NSCH in Q1/2007 was a

subsample of the cases initially flagged

for release, which is called Q1BANK.

Therefore, the base weights for the

Q1BANK sample were equal to the

normal base weight times a factor equal

to the inverse of the probability of being

included in the subsample.

The base weight for the k-th

telephone number in the initially flagged

or released sample, A, is defined by

where

πk =	 probabilty of selecting the

k-th telephone number in the

inital release,

naq =	 sample size (in initial

released replicates) in

sampling area, a, in quarter,

q,

Naq =	 universe counts of

telephone numbers in

quarter, q, on the sampling

frame in sampling area, a,

as determined by

GENESYS.

Note that if no sample was released

in sampling area a in quarter q, the base

weight is not calculated. The weight for

subsampling in the Q1BANK can be

defined by

where ηk is the subsampling probability
 

for Q1BANK sampling.
 

Therefore, the combined final base
 

weight for the k-th telephone number
 

can be expressed as
 

with

The final base weights for the cases

initially flagged for release in Q1/2007

but not included in the Q1BANK are

zero and were dropped from subsequent

adjustments.

Computing Full Sample

Weights From Quarterly

Weights

In this step, all quarterly samples

were combined by adjusting the

quarterly base weights so that the

samples from all quarters jointly

represent the full population. Because

the base weights were calculated for

each quarter separately, the sum of base

weights in each quarter represents the

full population for a sampling area

(assuming sample was released for the

sampling area in quarter q). The

full-sample weights were computed

from quarterly weights by applying

composition factors proportional to the

number of released sample telephone

numbers in a quarter. Given

subsampling yielded variability in base

weights for Q1BANK, sample sizes for

QIBANK were adjusted by the design

effect (DEFF) to reflect effective sample

sizes.

The full sample weights were

calculated as follows:

where

where

n’aq = number of selected telephone

numbers in sampling area a,

in quarter q following

Q1BANK subsampling

Daq = DEFF for sampling area, a,

in quarter, q
 W2

lk

k{a,q

=

W2

lk 1

∑ 2

2

n′aq k{a,q

n′aq

Adjustment for

Nonresolution of Telephone

Numbers

At the next step, an adjustment is

made to the resolved cases to account

for the cases for which the working

residential number (WRN) status is

unknown. To make the adjustment, a

number of adjustment cells within each

sampling area in each quarter were

formed by controlling for known

covariates. The adjustment in each cell

was made by assuming that the rate of

WRNs among unresolved numbers is

the same as the rate of WRNs among

resolved numbers. Within each sampling

area, the adjusted weights were

computed as

W2k W3k = , if k ∈ B ∩ ,,q R3,q

= 0, otherwise

where

R3,q = weighted resolution rate

in the ,-th adjustment

cell for quarter q

 W2k

= k{B ∩ ,,q ,

∑W2

k{A1∩,,q

Series 1, No. 55 [ Page 33

Table I. Covariates used to create nonresponse adjustment cells at different nonresponse

adjustment stages

Census region, telephone number listing status,

and nonresponse adjustment stage Covariates1

Northeast

Listed number within area:

Nonresolution adjustment .....................

Age-eligibility screener nonresponse adjustment .......

Unlisted number within area:

Nonresolution adjustment .....................

Age-eligibility screener nonresponse adjustment .......

Age2

, Education3, Minority4

Owner

5

, Minority, Income6, Age

Rent

7

, MSA8, Graduate9, Owner

Age, MSA, Education

Midwest

Listed number within area:

Nonresolution adjustment .....................

Age-eligibility screener nonresponse adjustment .......

Unlisted number within area:

Nonresolution adjustment .....................

Age-eligibility screener nonresponse adjustment .......

Age, Owner, Minority

Minority, Owner, Income

MSA, Owner, Minority, Rent

Age, MSA, Graduate

South

Listed numbers within area:

Nonresolution adjustment .....................

Age-eligibility screener nonresponse adjustment .......

Unlisted numbers within area:

Nonresolution adjustment .....................

Age-eligibility screener nonresponse adjustment .......

Age, Owner, Minority

Owner, Income, Age, Rent

MSA, Rent, Minority

Owner, Age, Education

West

Listed numbers within area:

Nonresolution adjustment .....................

Age-eligibility screener nonresponse adjustment .......

Unlisted numbers within area:

Nonresolution adjustment .....................

Age-eligibility screener nonresponse adjustment .......

Age, Owner, Education

Age, Owner, Education

Minority, Rent, MSA, Graduate

Age, MSA, Owner, Minority

1

Listed in order of importance within a group, based on the strength of the relationship between the covariate and observed
 

nonresponse rates.
 

2

Median age in years of the population in the telephone exchange; median = 36.18.
 

3

Median years of education achieved for the population in the telephone exchange; median = 13.10.
 

4

Percentage of population in the telephone exchange who are non-white; median = 19.70.
 

5

Percentage of owner-occupied homes in the telephone exchange; median = 71.40.
 

6

Median household income for the telephone exchange, in thousands of dollars; median = 48.49.
 

7

Median monthly rent in the telephone exchange, in dollars; median = 541.00.
 

8

Telephone number is or is not in a Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA).
 

9

Percentage of population in the telephone exchange who are college graduates; median = 23.30.
 

A =	 set of released

telephone numbers (as

mentioned above),

B = subset 	 in A of resolved

telephone numbers

(WRN or non-WRN),

and

B∩, =	 subset in B that

belong to the ,-th

adjustment cell.

For defining the adjustment cells

(,), within each sampling area in each

quarter, the variables listed in Table I

were used. The covariates listed in

Table I are dichotomous categorical

variables (based on whether the value of

a variable is greater or less than the

median value) that were derived from

continuous variables available on the

frame. Different sets of covariates were

used for sampling areas in different

census regions. Moreover, for a specific

sampling area, different adjustment cells

were used depending on whether the

sampled telephone number was listed or

not. The adjustment cells need to

include at least 20 resolved cases to

enable stable estimation of the

adjustment factor R3,q. To achieve this

goal when the number of resolved cases

was less than 20, adjustment cells were

collapsed by dropping covariates in

order of importance (that is, the least

important covariate was collapsed first).

Adjustment for Incomplete

Age-eligibility Screener

Among the resolved WRNs, the

age-eligibility screener was incomplete

for some telephone numbers. To

compensate for this, the weights of the

telephone numbers with the completed

age-eligibility screener for adjustment

cells within each state and quarter were

adjusted. The adjusted weight for the
k-th number is given by 

 

W

W4k = 3k

, if k ∈ C ∩φ ,q R4φq

= 0, otherwise 

where 

 

 

R = weighted screener 4φ,q

completion rate in the φ-th 

adjustment cell for quarter q

2 W2k

k{C ∩ φ,q , = ∑W2k

k{B1∩φ,q

B1 = subset of telephone numbers in 

B that are WRNs, 

C =subset of WRNs in B1 that 

complete the age screening 

interview, 

C ∩φ =subset in C that belong to the 

φ-th adjustment cell. 

As discussed previously, the 

adjustment cells (φ) were defined within 

each state in each quarter using the 

covariates listed in Table I. The 

adjustment for age screening was made 

within state (as opposed to sampling 

area as used for the nonresolution 

adjustment) due to smaller sample sizes 

at this stage. The adjustment cells 

needed to include at least 20 cases to 

enable stable estimation of the 

adjustment factor R4,q. To achieve this 

goal when the number of responding 

cases was less than 20, adjustment cells 

were collapsed by dropping covariates 

in order of importance, with cells 

formed by the least important covariates 

collapsed first. 

Adjustment for

Subsampling of Ageeligible Children

The unit of analysis now rotates to 

child level from household level. In the 

households with more than one 

age-eligible child, only one child was 

selected randomly per household for the 

NSCH interview. As a result, the age 

screener weight was adjusted to account 

for the children that were not selected. 

The subsampling weight for the j-th 

subsampled child was defined by 

W5j	 	 = nkW4k , if j ∈D,k

where 

D = the set of the subsampled 

age-eligible children, 

n’k = the number of age-eligible 

children in household k, and 

nk = min (3, n′ k). 

For the purpose of weight 

adjustment, the number of children was 

capped at three to control variability of 

the weights. The number of children 

was imputed for age-eligible households 

for which the total number of children 

was unknown. 

Adjustment for

Nonresponse to Interview

To compensate for nonresponse to 

the NSCH interview, the weights of the 

children with complete interviews were 

adjusted. The adjusted weight for the 

j-th child is given by 

 

 

W5j W6j = , if j ∈ E R6φ 

= 0, otherwise 

where 

 

 

R 6 φ = weighted interview 

completion rate in φ-th 

adjustment cell 

2W5j

j{E∩φ 

= ∑W5j

j{D∩φ 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

E = subset of subsampled children 

in D that completed the 

interview. 

The interview nonresponse 

adjustment was made separately within 

each state. The adjustment cells were 

formed using the following variables 

listed in order of priority: state, age 

group, directory-listed status, 

metropolitan statistical area (MSA) 

status, and number of children in the 

household. 

Note that at this step, unlike the 

adjustment for incomplete age-eligibility 

screener, adjustment cells were formed 

within each state and not state within 

each quarter. Also, any missing values 

of age group and number of children in 

the household were imputed. As before, 

the cells where the number of 

responding cases was less than 20 were 

collapsed. 

Adjustment for Multiple

Telephone Landlines

For the children with completed 

interviews, information was obtained 

about the number of telephone landlines 

for home use excluding the lines used 

only for fax or computer (any missing 

values of the number of landline 

telephones in the household were 

imputed). The households of some 

children with completed interviews 

reported more than one telephone 

landline for home use. An adjustment to 

the weight was made at this stage for 

these children to compensate for their 

multiple chances of selection. The 

multiple telephone adjusted weight for 

the j-th child in E is defined by 

W7j = W6j / tj ,

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Page 34 [ Series 1, No. 55

where 

W6j = the weight inherited by the 

j-th child from the previous 

step, 

tj = number of telephone 

landlines for home use 

reported by the household of 

the j-th interview completed 

children (it is assumed that in 

all but the very rarest case, 

only one telephone number 

has been selected per 

household). 

Because the questionnaire only 

establishes whether the household has 

one, two, or three or more landline 

telephones, tj had a maximum value of 

three. This cap is helpful both to control 

variability in weights and to guard 

against reporting bias. 

For all adjustments up to this point, 

the sampling location of the household 

(as determined by GENESYS) was used, 

but now that the true location of the 

household can be determined based on 

the geographic information collected in 

the interview, the reported state and the 

MSA status derived from reported ZIP 
code were used for the remaining

adjustments.

Adjustment for

Noncoverage of Children

in Nonlandline Telephone

Households

To compensate for the noncoverage

of children in nonlandline telephone

households, a poststratification

adjustment based on whether the child’s

household experienced an interruption in

telephone service was applied. The basic

idea is to use households with an

interruption in telephone service to

represent not only themselves, but also

households without a landline telephone.

To apply this adjustment, two

poststrata cells (m) were defined within

each state depending on whether the

household had an interruption in

landline telephone service of more than

one week or not during the past 12

months: Let T1 denote an estimate of

the number of eligible children either

without a landline telephone or with a

landline telephone but with an

interruption, and let T2 denote an

estimate of the total number of eligible

children with a landline telephone and

without an interruption, within a state. If

E denotes the set of eligible children in

the state for whom the interview is

complete, then the poststratified weight

for the j-th child in E is defined as

 W m

8j = ( ∑

T

W W7j , for j ∈ E ∩ m .

7j

j{E∩m

)

The independent estimates of the

total number of eligible children in the

state, T , were partitioned into the

subtotals of landline telephone children

and nonlandline telephone children. In

turn, the subtotal of landline telephone

children was partitioned into subtotals of

children with an interruption in landline

telephone service and children without

an interruption. To express this

mathematically, define

T2 = number of eligible children in

landline telephone households

in the state with no

interruption in telephone

service

= Tαβ

and

T1 = number of eligible children in

nonlandline telephone

households in the state plus

children in landline telephone

households with interruption

in telephone service

= T–T2,

where

α = proportion of children who are

in landline telephone

households in the state,

β =	 estimated proportion of eligible

children in landline telephone

households in the state with no

interruption in telephone

service, as obtained from the

survey data

2 γ8j

W7j

j{E , = ∑ W7j

j{E

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

	 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

	 

 

 

 

	 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

	 

 

 

	 

 

	 

 

 

 

	 

 

 

 

	 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

where

γ8j = 1, if the j-th child’s household

had no interruption in landline

telephone service

= 0, otherwise.

Raking Adjustment

Finally, a raking adjustment of

weights was done such that the sum of

the weights agrees with the important

control totals. The raking adjustment

was done in two steps—a short initial

step and the main step with all essential

control totals.

At the initial step, the raking

adjustment was done using various

categories of the following margins

within each state and the District of

Columbia (DC):

+	 Number of male and female children

within each of four age groups: 0–2

years, 3–5 years, 6–11 years, and

12–17 years, and

+	 Number of children in MSA and

non-MSA.

Series 1, No. 55 [ Page 35

The purpose of this initial step is to

ensure that the input weight to the main

raking step is adjusted for MSA status.

Because there is no estimation

requirement by MSA status, to

accommodate other more important

raking dimensions, the MSA dimension

was not included in the main raking

step. So the sum of final raked weights

by MSA status will not be exactly equal

to the control totals, but this initial

adjustment by MSA status will provide

some degree of safeguard against a very

wide difference between sum of weights

and control totals by MSA status.

At the main raking step, the

adjustment was done using various

categories of the following margins

within each state and DC:

+	 Number of male and female children

within each of three age groups: 0–5

years, 6–11 years, and 12–17 years;

+	 Number of children in each of five

race and ethnicity categories;

+	 Number of children in households

where the highest reported education

is less than high school, high school,

and more than high school;

+	 Number of children in households

that have a household income in

each of five nonoverlapping

categories; and

+	 Number of children in households

with one child, households with two

children, and households with three

or more children.

Any missing values of the raking

variables specified above were imputed.

The categories of the raking dimensions

were collapsed if the number of cases

was not sufficient or if there was any

difficulty in raking convergence.

Raking takes each variable in turn

and applies a proportional adjustment to

the current weights of the children who

belong to the same category of the

variables. After a number of iterations

over all raking dimensions, the raked

weights have totals that match all the

desired control totals. The raked weights

from the initial raking can be expressed

as

W 9j = φ j

W8j , for j ∈E,

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

	 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

	 

 

 

 

	 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

	 

 

 

	 

 

	 

 

 

 

	 

 

 

 

	 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

where φ is the raking adjustment factor

for the j-th child derived through the

iteration process. Similarly, the weights
 

 

Page 36 [ Series 1, No. 55

from the main raking can be expressed 

as 

W10j = ψ j

W9j , for j ∈E,

where ψj is the main raking adjustment 

factor for the j-th child derived through 

the iteration process. 

At this point, the weights were 

checked for extreme values. The weights 

that exceeded the median weight plus 

six times the interquartile range of the 

weights (in the state) were truncated to 

this cutoff. The raking step was applied 

again after the truncation of the weights 

and the weights were rechecked for 

extreme weights and truncated as before. 

The process was iterated until there was 

no extreme weight after raking. 

The raking and truncation process 

yielded a final weight for each child 

with a complete NSCH interview. 

National Estimates

Descriptive statistics for the state 

sampling weights are provided in 

Table II. The state sampling weights are 

used to obtain estimates for each state. 

To obtain national estimates of totals, 

state estimates should be aggregated. 

For computing national estimates of 

ratios, aggregate the state estimates and 

then divide this number by the total 

number of children in the United States, 

obtained by aggregating the state level 

total number of children. 

 

 

 


 


 


 


 


 


 


 


 


 

 
 


 


 


 


 


 


 


 


 


 


 


 


 


 


 


 


 


 


 


 


 


 


 


 


 


 


 


 


 


 


 


 


 


 


 


 


 


 


 


 


 


 


 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Table II. Summary statistics for final child-level weights, nationally and by state

Unweighted Minimum Maximum Mean Median Sum of

State sample size weight weight weight weight weights

National .............. 
 

Alabama .............. 
 

Alaska ............... 
 

Arizona............... 
 

Arkansas ............. 
 

California ............. 
 

Colorado. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
 

Connecticut ............ 
 

Delaware ............. 
 

District of Columbia ....... 
 

Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
 

Georgia .............. 
 

Hawaii ............... 
 

Idaho ................ 
 

Illinois ............... 
 

Indiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
 

Iowa ................ 
 

Kansas............... 
 

Kentucky.............. 
 

Louisiana ............. 
 

Maine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
 

Maryland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
 

Massachusetts .......... 
 

Michigan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
 

Minnesota ............. 
 

Mississippi. . . . . . . . . . . . . 
 

Missouri .............. 
 

Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
 

Nebraska ............. 
 

Nevada .............. 
 

New Hampshire ......... 
 

New Jersey . . . . . . . . . . . . 
 

New Mexico. . . . . . . . . . . . 
 

New York ............. 
 

North Carolina .......... 
 

North Dakota ........... 
 

Ohio ................ 
 

Oklahoma ............. 
 

Oregon............... 
 

Pennsylvania ........... 
 

Rhode Island ........... 
 

South Carolina . . . . . . . . . . 
 

South Dakota ........... 
 

Tennessee............. 
 

Texas................ 
 

Utah ................ 
 

Vermont .............. 
 

Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
 

Washington ............ 
 

West Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . 
 

Wisconsin ............. 
 

Wyoming ............. 
 

91,642

1,761

1,739

1,769

1,765

1,751

1,801

1,889

1,805

1,801

1,797

1,782

1,822

1,768

1,932

1,764

1,757

1,803

1,803

1,868

1,752

1,773

1,786

1,861

1,767

1,918

1,847

1,788

1,827

1,821

1,773

1,827

1,826

1,793

1,782

1,800

1,765

1,816

1,794

1,767

1,756

1,885

1,740

1,840

1,805

1,747

1,725

1,774

1,736

1,766

1,860

1,748

0.5

9.3

2.9

20.3

52.4

33.9

5.9

36.4

14.8

5.8

13.0

11.9

2.3

8.0

84.0

24.2

4.6

10.7

58.9

15.3

6.0

6.4

12.9

16.1

24.0

3.3

15.5

18.9

7.2

0.5

2.6

12.1

5.2

59.0

21.7

4.8

45.9

9.2

15.9

35.7

3.7

6.9

7.6

65.4

126.8

5.8

2.6

17.1

11.1

30.5

19.7

2.4

34,724.4

4,574.3

728.2

6,914.0

1,964.2

34,724.4

4,854.3

2,206.9

544.1

311.5

16,266.8

9,572.4

848.5

1,266.0

10,089.0

7,329.8

2,914.0

2,355.1

2,753.4

4,089.5

852.1

4,738.4

5,100.8

10,151.7

5,411.8

2,056.0

4,615.4

664.8

1,750.1

2,906.7

857.2

6,685.0

2,077.9

14,692.2

9,386.6

327.5

11,962.5

2,702.1

3,589.1

12,406.5

899.7

3,067.8

629.3

4,084.7

19,464.8

3,978.8

584.2

5,429.6

5,636.5

999.3

3,910.4

403.9

804.9 324.7 73,758,616

635.6 512.7 1,119,323

104.8 84.8 182,287

937.0 656.4 1,657,543

395.8 312.9 698,558

5,363.8 1,376.7 9,392,086

659.4 434.3 1,187,560

430.7 381.9 813,675

111.6 86.8 201,362

63.2 40.8 113,827

2,235.9 448.8 4,017,889

1,417.2 915.5 2,525,483

153.6 114.1 279,867

232.9 189.6 411,741

1,655.3 1,211.8 3,198,016

901.7 601.1 1,590,598

404.1 273.3 710,075

387.7 322.3 699,044

562.1 446.8 1,013,459

578.3 393.6 1,080,350

162.2 134.3 284,110

768.2 625.0 1,361,936

801.5 640.2 1,431,554

1,312.6 980.5 2,442,796

711.4 490.3 1,257,082

394.8 300.7 757,184

764.5 615.1 1,412,037

127.5 110.6 227,966

250.6 190.3 457,857

364.8 240.3 664,311

168.3 145.9 298,439

1,121.6 880.6 2,049,175

270.3 182.4 493,495

2,465.7 1,637.7 4,420,982

1,235.6 1,001.9 2,201,857

79.3 71.2 142,697

1,550.0 1,142.0 2,735,724

497.5 408.6 903,460

479.0 355.9 859,256

1,581.3 793.5 2,794,078

134.3 112.7 235,868

561.8 402.7 1,058,919

111.5 95.6 194,049

793.3 578.2 1,459,756

3,645.2 1,501.4 6,579,611

465.5 373.8 813,287

75.8 51.6 130,729

1,031.1 862.0 1,829,149

884.6 504.7 1,535,630

221.8 175.3 391,744

706.9 559.5 1,314,848

72.2 62.9 126,287
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Series 1, No. 55 [ Page 37
 

Appendix IV. Questionnaire 

Questionnaire Contents 

National Survey of Children’s Health, 2007

NIS ELIGIBILITY, SELECTION OF SAMPLE CHILD, AND INFORMED CONSENT................................ 38

SECTION 1: INITIAL DEMOGRAPHICS ..................................................................... 44

SECTION 2: HEALTH AND FUNCTIONAL STATUS........................................................... 46

Subdomain 1: General health status ........................................................................... 46

Subdomain 2: Presence of a special health care need ............................................................. 48

Subdomain 3: Common acute and chronic conditions ............................................................ 51

Subdomain 4: Limits on participation in activities ............................................................... 63

Subdomain 5: Immunizations ................................................................................ 65

SECTION 3: HEALTH INSURANCE COVERAGE ............................................................. 66

Subdomain 1: Current coverage and past year coverage........................................................... 66

Subdomain 2: Adequacy of health insurance .................................................................... 67

SECTION 4: HEALTH CARE ACCESS AND UTILIZATION .................................................... 68

Subdomain 1: Usual place for care ........................................................................... 68

Subdomain 2: Utilization of services .......................................................................... 69

SECTION 5: MEDICAL HOME ............................................................................. 71

Subdomain 1: Referrals..................................................................................... 71

Subdomain 2: Care coordination ............................................................................. 71

Subdomain 3: Provider communication ........................................................................ 72

Subdomain 4: Compassionate, culturally effective, family centered care.............................................. 73

SECTION 6: EARLY CHILDHOOD (0–5 YEARS).............................................................. 75

Subdomain 1: Developmental screening ....................................................................... 75

Subdomain 2: Child care.................................................................................... 78

Subdomain 3: Injuries ...................................................................................... 80

Subdomain 4: Breastfeeding ................................................................................. 80

Subdomain 5: Reading, storytelling, singing, watching television, playing, and going out ............................... 81

SECTION 7: MIDDLE CHILDHOOD AND ADOLESCENCE (6–17 YEARS) ....................................... 83

Subdomain 1: School enrollment and engagement ............................................................... 83

Subdomain 2: After-school activities and parental involvement ..................................................... 85

Subdomain 3: Sleep and exercise ............................................................................. 87

Subdomain 4: Reading and computing......................................................................... 88

Subdomain 5: Television.................................................................................... 89

Subdomain 6: Social behavior, emotional difficulties, and school engagement......................................... 90

SECTION 8: FAMILY FUNCTIONING ....................................................................... 91

Subdomain 1: Family activities .............................................................................. 91

Subdomain 2: Parent/child relationship ........................................................................ 91

Subdomain 3: Family stress ................................................................................. 93

SECTION 9: PARENTAL HEALTH .......................................................................... 94

Subdomain 1: Household composition and nonresident parents..................................................... 94

Subdomain 2: General health status .......................................................................... 101

Subdomain 3: Exercise .................................................................................... 104

Subdomain 4: Smoking .................................................................................... 105

SECTION 10: NEIGHBORHOOD AND COMMUNITY CHARACTERISTICS...................................... 106

Subdomain 1: Neighborhood amenities ....................................................................... 106

Subdomain 2: Neighborhood condition ....................................................................... 106

Subdomain 3: Social capital ................................................................................ 107

Subdomain 4: Perceived safety.............................................................................. 108

SECTION 11: ADDITIONAL DEMOGRAPHICS .............................................................. 109

Subdomain 1: Race and ethnicity of child ..................................................................... 109

Subdomain 2: Education of parents .......................................................................... 110

Subdomain 3: Birthplace of child and parents.................................................................. 111

Subdomain 4: Residential mobility........................................................................... 115

Subdomain 5: Employment and income....................................................................... 116

Subdomain 6: Program participation ......................................................................... 119

Subdomain 7: Telephone line information ..................................................................... 120

Subdomain 8: ZIP Code ................................................................................... 121
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-------------------------------

 

 

 

 

 

 

Series 1, No. 55 □ Page 38 

NIS Eligibility, Selection of Sample Child, and Informed Consent
 

INTRO_1 Hello, my name is ________________. I'm calling on behalf of the Centers for Disease Control 

and Prevention. We're conducting a nationwide immunization study to find out how many 

children under 4 years of age are receiving all of the recommended vaccinations for childhood 

diseases. Your telephone number has been selected at random to be included in the study. 

S1 Am I speaking to someone who lives in this household who is over 17 years old? 

(1) I AM THAT PERSON 

(0) THIS IS A BUSINESS 

(3) NEW PERSON COMES TO PHONE 

(8) DOES NOT LIVE IN HOUSEHOLD 

(9) NO PERSON AT HOME WHO IS OVER 17 

(7) REFUSED 

[SKIP TO S_NUMB] 

[TERMINATE] 

[SKIP BACK TO INTRO_1] 

[SCHEDULE APPT] 

[SCHEDULE APPT] 

[TERMINATE] 

HELP SCREEN (S1): IF NO, ASK "Is there someone who lives in this household who is 

over 17 that I may speak with?" 

GROUP QUARTERS SUCH AS BARRACKS, DORMITORIES, HOSPITALS, OR 

SCHOOLS SHOULD BE CODED AS “DOES NOT LIVE IN HOUSEHOLD.” 

S_NUMB How many children between the ages of 12 months and 3 years old are living or staying in your 

household? 

ENTER NUMBER OF NIS-ELIGIBLE CHILDREN ____ ____ 

[Augmentation Sample----------------------

INTRO_AUG IF SAMPLE_USE_CODE = 3, READ INTRO_AUG, ELSE SKIP TO S_UNDR18. 

USED ONLY FOR AUGMENTATION SAMPLE (SUC=3)
 

Hello, my name is _________. I am calling on behalf of the Centers for Disease Control and
 

Prevention. We are doing a nationwide survey about the health of children and teenagers. Your
 

telephone number has been selected at random to be included in the study."
 

GO TO S_UNDR18
 
Series 1, No. 55 □ Page39 

S_UNDR18	 CATI INSTRUCTION (S_UNDR18): IF S_NUMB > 0, SKIP TO NIS INTERVIEW. AFTER 

NIS INTERVIEW IS COMPLETE, GO TO AGE_GRID. 

IF NIS DONE AND S_NUMB > 0, FILL S_UNDR18 FROM NIS DATA: S_UNDR18 = C1 -

C1A. NOTE: C1-C1A CANNOT BE LE 0. IF THAT IS THE CASE, ASK S_UNDR18. 

IF SAMPLE_USE_CODE = 4: FILL TIS_UNDER18 TO S_UNDR18
 

SET ELIGIBILITY DATE AT THIS POINT (ONCE IT IS ASKED OR FILLED)
 

TODAY_M_NSCH
 

TODAY_D_NSCH
 

TODAY_Y_NSCH
 

How many people less than 18 years old live in this household?
 

 

 ENTER NUMBER OF CHILDREN ____ ____ 
 

 IF = 0 [GO TO NOCHILD] 
 

IF > 0 [GO TO AGE_X] 
 

(6) DON'T KNOW	 [GO TO ASK_ANOTHER] 

(7) REFUSED [TERMINATE AND SET AS REFUSAL] 

HELP SCREEN (S_UNDER18): A CHILD IS COUNTED AS "LIVING IN THE 

HOUSEHOLD" IF THE CHILD: 

H

T

T

U

(

U

B

S

O

T

AS BEEN STAYING THERE (OR IS EXPECTED TO STAY THERE) FOR AT LEAST TWO MONTHS 

HE LENGTH OF THE CURRENT STAY IS UNKNOWN, BUT THERE IS NO OTHER PLACE WHERE 

HE CHILD USUALLY STAYS 

SUALLY STAYS IN THE HOUSEHOLD, BUT IS CURRENTLY AWAY FOR LESS THAN TWO MONTHS 

WHETHER TRAVELING, IN THE HOSPITAL, OR AWAY FOR ANY OTHER REASON) 

SUALLY STAYS IN THE HOUSEHOLD, BUT IS CURRENTLY AWAY FOR TWO MONTHS OR MORE 

ECAUSE THEY ARE AT SCHOOL (COLLEGE, BOARDING SCHOOL, MILITARY ACADEMY, PREP 

CHOOL, ETC.) 

NLY LIVES PART-TIME IN THE HOUSEHOLD BECAUSE OF CUSTODY ISSUES, BUT IS STAYING 

HERE AT THE TIME OF THE CALL 

ASK_ANOTHER	 Is there anyone in your household who knows how many people in this household are less than 

18 years old? 

 (1) NEW PERSON COMES TO PHONE [GO TO S_UNDR18] 

 (0) NO [GO TO NSCH_TERM] 

NSCH_TERM	 	 Thank you, we’ll try back another time. 

 TERMINATE > SET ITS = 61 

NOCHILD	 Those are all the questions I have. I’d like to thank you on behalf of the Centers for Disease 

Control and Prevention for the time and effort you’ve spent answering these questions. 

 TERMINATE > SET ITS = 61 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

	 


	


	

 

 

 

 


	

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

	 

 

	 

	 

	 

Series 1, No. 55 □ Page 40 

AGE_X	 CATI INSTRUCTION (AGE_GRID): IF S_UNDR18 = 1, FILL “age” AND “child”. ELSE, 

FILL “ages” AND “children”. 

IF S_NUMB = 0, DISPLAY THIS TEXT WHEN ASKING ABOUT FIRST CHILD: “Many of
	

my questions are only for children of certain ages. So, I’ll know which questions to ask, please 

tell me the [age/ages] of the [child/children] less than 18 years old living in this household.” FOR
	

ALL SUBSEQUENT CHILDREN (LOOP UNTIL # OF CHILDREN=S_UNDR18) DISPLAY: 

READ IF NECESSARY: (Please tell me the age of the next child who lives in this household.)
 

ELSE IF (S_NUMB=S_UNDR18 then FILL AGE_1 (and AGE_1Y_X as needed) with age of
 

child and skip to AGE_CONF
 

ELSE IF S_NUMB > 0 AND S_UNDR18 – S_NUMB > 0, FILL: "You have already given me 

(FILL NAME OF NIS-ELIGIBLE CHILD OR CHILDREN)'s birth date(s). Now, would you
 

please tell me the [age/ages] of the other [IF S_UNDER18 - S_NUMB = 1, INSERT "child"; IF 

S_UNDR18 - S_NUMB > 1, INSERT "children"] living in this household.” FOR ALL
	

SUBSEQUENT CHILDREN (LOOP UNTIL # OF CHILDREN=S_UNDR18 - S_NUMB)
 

DISPLAY: READ IF NECESSARY: (Please tell me the age of the next child who lives in this
 

household.)
 

IF SAMPLE_USE_CODE = 4: FILL AGE ROSTER FROM TEEN ROSTER
 

FILL AGE_1 (and AGE_1_X ) with age of NSCH SELECTED child taken from TIS_S3AGE_X 

[IF 6 GO TO WHEN_CALL,
 

IF 7 GO TO AGE_REF]
 

________ ENTER VALUE AGES STORED IN AGE_1 – AGE_9
 

ENTER 6 FOR DON'T KNOW AND 7 FOR REFUSED
 

[IF 6 GO TO WHEN_CALL]
 

[IF 7 GO TO AGE_REF]
 

AGE1_X	 _____(1) MONTHS
 

_____(0) YEARS
 

WHEN_CALL	 What would be a good time to reach a person who knows the child's age? 

(1) SET APPOINTMENT FOR CALLBACK [GO TO CB1] 

(0) PERSON AVAILABLE	 [GO TO INTRO_AGE] 

AGE_REF	 The reason we need your child's age is to know which health and health care questions to ask. The 

information you provide is completely confidential. 

(1) YES [GO TO AGE_X] 

(0) NO [GO TO AGE_TERM] 

AGE_TERM Those are all the questions I have. I’d like to thank you on behalf of the Centers for Disease 

Control and Prevention for the time and effort you’ve spent answering these questions. 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

	 

	 

	 

	 

	 

 

 

Series 1, No. 55 □ Page 41 

INTRO_AGE	 Hello, my name is ________________. I'm calling on behalf of the Centers for Disease Control 

and Prevention. We are doing a nationwide survey about the health of children and teenagers, and 

I was told that you were the person to talk with about the health of the (IF S_UNDR18 =1, 

INSERT "child"; IF S_UNDR18 > 1 INSERT "children") in your household 

(1) CONTINUE	 [RETURN TO AGE_X] 

AGE_CONF	 So, you have a [FILL WITH AGE IN YEARS FOR ALL CHILDREN 2 YEARS OLD OR 

OLDER, AND AGE IN MONTHS FOR ALL CHILDREN UNDER 24 MONTHS OLD. 

INCLUDE AGES FOR ANY NIS-ELIGIBLE CHILDREN] living at this address all or most of 

the time. Is that correct? 

(1) YES	 [SKIP TO MULTIAGE] 

(0) NO, WRONG AGES [RETURN TO AGE_X] 

(3) NO, WRONG NUMBER OF CHILDREN [RETURN TO S_UNDR18] 

(4) NO, NOT ALL CHILDREN LIVING AT THIS ADDRESS ALL OR MOST OF THE TIME 

MULTIAGE	 CATI INSTRUCTION (MULTIAGE): IF NO CHILDREN ARE THE SAME AGE, SKIP TO 

NSCH RANDOM SELECTION PROCESS. 

ELSE ASK 

Since you have more than one child who is [FILL DUPLICATE AGES FROM AGE_CONF], I 

need a way to refer to each of them during the interview. Could you please tell me their first 

names or initials? 

NAME_1 -NAME_9 

What is the [first, second, third, etc.] child's name or initials?
 

NAME:
 

NSCH RANDOM SELECTION PROCESS 

CATI INSTRUCTION: AT THIS POINT, A SAMPLE CHILD MUST BE SELECTED FOR THE 

REST OF THE INTERVIEW FROM ALL CHILDREN ROSTERED. IF ONLY ONE CHILD UNDER 

18 YEARS OLD (AGE_GRID HAS 1 CHILD LISTED), THAT CHILD IS THE SAMPLE CHILD 

[S.C.] FROM THIS POINT. IF THERE IS MORE THAN ONE CHILD UNDER THE AGE OF 18 

(AGE_GRID HAS > 1 CHILD LISTED), ONE OF THESE CHILDREN SHOULD BE RANDOMLY 

SAMPLED AND THAT CHILD IS THE SAMPLE CHILD [S.C.] FROM THIS POINT. 

STORE SAMPLED CHILD IN VARIABLE: SC_NSCH (e.g., if 2nd child chosen, SC_NSCH = AGE_2) 

AGE_NSCH (in months for SC) AGE_NSCH_Y (in years for SC) 

S.C. = "your N month/year old" or name from NAME_1 - NAME_9 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

	 

	 

	 

	 

	 

Series 1, No. 55 □ Page 42 

SCQ02	 CATI INSTRUCTION (SCQ02): If NSCH_INCENT=<null>, then use $10, ELSE use 

NSCH_INCENT 

IF S_NUMB=0 or SUC=3 or no ELIG_1-9 =1, SKIP TO SCQ05. IF SAMPLE_USE_CODE=4 

AND NOT NIS OR TEEN ELIGIBLE, SKIP TO SCQ05. 

ELSE IF NIS INTERVIEW WAS CONDUCTED BUT [S.C.] WAS NOT NIS-ELIGIBLE, SKIP 

TO SCQ03. IF SAMPLE_USE_CODE=4 AND NIS OR TEEN DONE, BUT [S.C.] WAS NOT 

NIS OR TEEN-ELIGIBLE, SKIP TO SCQO3. 

IF S_UNDR18 = 01, SAY: “Next, I have some other questions about the health and health care of 

[S.C.]. As before, you may choose not to answer any questions you don’t wish to answer, or end 

the interview at any time. [IF (NSCH_INCENT_GRP=1 AND (NEITHER INTRO_1A NOR 

INTRO_1B HAS BEEN DISPLAYED)) DISPLAY: In appreciation for your time, we will send 

you [$10/$NSCH_INCENT].] This part of the survey will take about 25 minutes. I’d like to 

continue now unless you have any questions.” 

IF S_UNDR18 > 01, SAY: “I appreciate your answers about the immunizations of [NISELIGIBLE CHILDREN, IF SAMPLE_USE_CODE=4 AND TEEN INTERVIEW COMPLETE 

FILL WITH TEEN SC, ELSE FILL WITH NIS-ELIGIBLE CHILDREN]. The next questions are 

about the health and health care of [S.C.]. As before, you may choose not to answer any questions 

you don’t wish to answer, or end the interview at any time. [IF (NSCH_INCENT_GRP=1 AND 

(NEITHER INTRO_1A NOR INTRO_1B HAS BEEN DISPLAYED)) DISPLAY: In appreciation 

for your time, we will send you [$10/$NSCH_INCENT].] This part of the survey will take about 

25 minutes. I’d like to continue now unless you have any questions.” 

(1) CONTINUE	 [SKIP TO K1Q01] 

SCQ03	 I appreciate your answers about the immunizations of [IF SAMPLE_USE_CODE = 2 then fill 

with NIS-ELIGIBLE CHILDREN, IF SAMPLE_USE_CODE=4 AND NIS DONE BUT NO 

TEEN THEN FILL WITH NIS-ELIGIBLE CHILDREN, IF SAMPLE_USE_CODE=4 AND 

TEEN INTERVIEW DONE THEN FILL WITH ST]. The next questions are about the health and 

health care of [S.C.]. We need to talk to a parent or guardian who lives in this household who 

knows about the health and health care of [S.C.]. Who would that be? 

(1) MYSELF [SKIP TO SCQ04] 

(0) SOMEONE ELSE [SKIP TO SCQ06] 

SCQ04	 If NSCH_INCENT=<null>, then use $10, ELSE use NSCH_INCENT 

As before, you may choose not to answer any questions you don’t wish to answer, or end the 

interview at any time. [IF (NSCH_INCENT_GRP=1 AND (NEITHER INTRO_1A NOR 

INTRO_1B HAS BEEN DISPLAYED)) DISPLAY: In appreciation for your time, we will send 

you [$10/$NSCH_INCENT].] This part of the survey will take about 25 minutes. I’d like to 

continue now unless you have any questions. 

(1) CONTINUE [SKIP TO K1Q01] 

SCQ05	 Most of this survey will be about the health and health care of [S.C.]. We need to talk to a parent 

or guardian who lives in this household who knows about the health and health care of [S.C.]. 

Who would that be? 

(1) MYSELF [SKIP TO S3_NSCH_LTR] 

(0) SOMEONE ELSE [SKIP TO SCQ06] 
Series 1, No. 55 □ Page43 

SCQ06 May I speak with that person now? 

 (1) YES [SKIP TO NEW_RESP] 

(0) NO [SCHEDULE APPOINTMENT: POR is SCQ05] 

NEW_RESP Hello, my name is ________________. I'm calling on behalf of the Centers for Disease Control 

and Prevention. We are doing a nationwide survey about the health of children and teenagers, and 

I was told that you were the person to talk with about the health and health care of [S.C.]. 

 

 (1) CONTINUE 

S3_NSCH_LTR	 CATI INSTRUCTION (S3_LTR): IF NO ADVANCE LETTER SENT, THEN SKIP TO 

SL_INTRO. 

A letter describing this survey may have been sent to your home recently. Do you remember 

seeing the letter? 

 (1) YES 

 (0) NO 

 (6) DON’T KNOW 

 (7) REFUSED 

 

SL_INTRO	 If NSCH_INCENT=<null>, then use $10, ELSE use NSCH_INCENT 

Before we continue, I’d like you to know that taking part in this research is voluntary. You may 

choose not to answer any questions you don’t wish to answer, or end the interview at any time. 

We are required by Federal law to develop and follow strict procedures to protect your 

information and use your answers only for statistical research. I can describe these laws if you 

wish. [IF (NSCH_INCENT_GRP=1 AND (NEITHER INTRO_1A NOR INTRO_1B HAS BEEN 

DISPLAYED)) DISPLAY: In appreciation for your time, we will send you 

[$10/$NSCH_INCENT].] The survey will take about 25 minutes. In order to review my work, my 

supervisor may record and listen as I ask the questions. I’d like to continue now unless you have 

any questions. 

READ IF NECESSARY: The Public Health Service Act is Volume 42 of the US Code, Section 

242k. The collection of information in this survey is authorized by Section 306 of this Act. The 

confidentiality of your responses is assured by Section 308d of this Act and by the Confidential 

Information Protection and Statistical Efficiency Act. Would you like me to read the Confidential 

Information Protection provisions to you? 

IF RESPONDENT WOULD LIKE TO HEAR PROVISIONS, READ: The information you 

provide will be used for statistical purposes only. In accordance with the Confidential Information 

Protection provisions of Title V, Subtitle A, Public Law 107-347 and other applicable Federal 

laws, your responses will be kept confidential and will not be disclosed in identifiable form to 

anyone other than employees or agents. By law, every employee of the National Center for Health 

Statistics, the National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, and its agent, the 

National Opinion Research Center who works on this survey has taken an oath and is subject to a 

jail term of up to 5 years, a fine of up to $250,000, or both, if he or she willingly discloses ANY 

identifiable information about you or your household members. 

(1) CONTINUE, RECORDING ACCEPTABLE [SKIP TO K1Q01] 

(0) CONTINUE, DO NOT RECORD	 [SKIP TO K1Q01] 
Series 1, No. 55 □ Page44 

Section 1: Initial Demographics 

K1Q01_INTRO	 	 [SKIP TO K1Q01 IF NAME OF S.C. ALREADY GATHERED NAME_1-NAME_9 

 OR NIS INTERVIEW] 

I can continue to refer to your child as (your N month/year old) for the rest of the interview, or if 

you prefer, you could give me a first name or initials. 

 

 (1) CONTINUE TO USE AGE REFERENCE > GO TO K1Q01 

 (0) USE NAME > GO TO SELECTION1_NAME_A 

 

SELECTION1_NAME_A ENTER NAME/INITIALS: ____________ > GO TO K1Q01 

 [FILL [S.C.] WITH THIS NAME FROM THIS POINT ON IN THE INTERVIEW] 

 (7) REFUSED > GO TO K1Q01 AND CONTINUE TO USE AGE REFERENCE 

K1Q01	 Is [S.C.] male or female? 

 (1) MALE 

 (2) FEMALE 

 (6) DON’T KNOW 

 (7) REFUSED 

 IF K1Q01 = 1, THEN ALL SUBSEQUENT GENDER FILLS = “HIS”.
	

 ELSE IF K1Q01 = 2, THEN ALL SUBSEQUENT GENDER FILLS = “HER”.
	

 ELSE, ALL SUBSEQUENT GENDER FILLS = “HIS OR HER”.
	

K1Q02	 What is your relationship to [S.C.]? 

(1) MOTHER (BIOLOGICAL, STEP, FOSTER, ADOPTIVE) 

(2) FATHER (BIOLOGICAL, STEP, FOSTER, ADOPTIVE) 

(3) SISTER (STEP/FOSTER/HALF/ADOPTIVE) 

(4) BROTHER (STEP/FOSTER/HALF/ADOPTIVE) 

(5) IN-LAW OF ANY TYPE 

(6) AUNT 

(7) UNCLE 

(8) GRANDPARENT 

(9) OTHER FAMILY MEMBER 

(10) OTHER NON-RELATIVE 

(11) FEMALE GUARDIAN 

(12) MALE GUARDIAN 

(96) DON’T KNOW 

 (97) REFUSED 
Series 1, No. 55 □ Page45 

K1Q03 What is the primary language spoken in your home? 

[READ AS NECESSARY] 

 (1) ENGLISH 

 (2) SPANISH 

(3) ARABIC 

(4) CHINESE 

(5) FRENCH 

(6) ITALIAN 

(7) JAPANESE 

(8) KOREAN 

(9) POLISH 

(10) RUSSIAN 

(11) TAGALOG 

(12) VIETNAMESE 

(13) ANY OTHER LANGUAGE 

(96) DON’T KNOW 

(97) REFUSED 
Series 1, No. 55 □ Page46 

Section 2: Health and Functional Status 

Subdomain 1:	 General health status 

K2Q01	 In general, how would you describe [S.C.]’s health? Would you say [his/her] health is excellent, 

very good, good, fair, or poor? 

(1) EXCELLENT 

(2) VERY GOOD 

(3) GOOD 

(4) FAIR 

(5) POOR 

(6) DON’T KNOW 

(7) REFUSED 

K2Q01_D	 CATI INSTRUCTION (K2Q01_D): IF AGE_NSCH < 12 MONTHS, SKIP TO K2Q02. 

How would you describe the condition of [S.C.]’s teeth: excellent, very good, good, fair, or poor? 

(1) EXCELLENT 

(2) VERY GOOD 

(3) GOOD 

(4) FAIR 

(5) POOR 

(6) HAS NO NATURAL TEETH 

(96) DON'T KNOW 

(97) REFUSED 

K2Q02	 How tall is [S.C.] now? 

 IF RESPONDENT SAYS ‘DON’T KNOW’, PROBE FOR BEST ESTIMATE. 

 K2Q02_FEET ___ FEET [RANGE: 0-8, 96, 97] 
 

K2Q02_INCHES ___ ___ INCHES
 

K2Q02_CENTIMETERS ___ ___ ___CENTIMETERS 
 

(96) DON’T KNOW 

(97) REFUSED 

HELP SCREEN (K2Q02): IF RESPONDENT SAYS “DON’T KNOW”, PROBE FOR 

BEST ESTIMATE. 
Series 1, No. 55 □ Page47 

K2Q03	 How much does [S.C.] weigh now? ___ ___ ___ 

(996) DON’T KNOW 

(997) REFUSED 

 ENTER WEIGHT 

 IF RESPONDENT SAYS ‘DON’T KNOW’, PROBE FOR BEST ESTIMATE. 

 K2Q03_UNIT 

 ___ POUNDS [RANGE CHECK: 001-500, 96, 97] 

 ___ KILOGRAMS [RANGE CHECK: 001-230, 996, 997] 

HELP SCREEN (K2Q03): IF RESPONDENT SAYS “DON’T KNOW”, PROBE FOR 

BEST ESTIMATE. 

K2Q04	 CATI INSTRUCTION (K2Q04): IF AGE_NSCH ≥ 72 MONTHS (6 YEARS) OLD, SKIP TO 

K2Q10_INTRO. 

What was [S.C.]’s birth weight? 

 IF RESPONDENT SAYS ‘DON’T KNOW’, PROBE FOR BEST ESTIMATE. 

 K2Q04_POUNDS ___ ___ POUNDS [RANGE CHECK: 01-15, 96, 97] 

K2Q04_OUNCES ___ ___ OUNCES [RANGE CHECK: 00-15, 96, 97] 

K2Q04_GRAMS ___ ___ ___ ____ GRAMS [RANGE CHECK: 500-5485, 9996, 9997] 

(96) DON’T KNOW 

(97) REFUSED 

INTERVIEWER INSTRUCTION: FOR POUNDS AND OUNCES, ENTER 0 IF R 

ANSWERS IN GRAMS 
Series 1, No. 55 □ Page48 

Subdomain 2: Presence of a special health care need 

QUESTIONS K2Q10-K2Q23 ARE THE CHILDREN WITH SPECIAL HEALTH CARE 

NEEDS SCREENER. SEE BETHELL ET AL. (2002, AMBULATORY PEDIATRICS, 

VOLUME 2) FOR FURTHER INFORMATION. 

K2Q10_INTRO The next questions are about any kind of health problems, concerns, or conditions that may affect 

[S.C.]’s behavior, learning, growth, or physical development. 

 

K2Q10 Does [S.C.] currently need or use medicine prescribed by a doctor, other than vitamins? 

(1) YES [SKIP TO K2Q11] 

(0) NO [SKIP TO K2Q13] 

(6) DON’T KNOW [SKIP TO K2Q13] 

(7) REFUSED [SKIP TO K2Q13] 

HELP SCREEN (K2Q10): This only applies to medications prescribed by a doctor. Overthe-counter medications such as cold or headache medication, or other vitamins, minerals, 

or supplements purchased without a prescription are not included. 

K2Q11 Is [his/her] need for prescription medicine because of ANY medical, behavioral, or other health 

condition? 

(1) YES	 [SKIP TO K2Q12] 

(0) NO	 [SKIP TO K2Q12A] 

(6) DON’T KNOW [SKIP TO K2Q12A] 

(7) REFUSED [SKIP TO K2Q12A] 

K2Q12 Is this a condition that has lasted or is expected to last 12 months or longer? 

 

(1) YES [SKIP TO K2Q13] 

(0) NO [SKIP TO K2Q13] 

(6) DON'T KNOW [SKIP TO K2Q13] 

(7) REFUSED [SKIP TO K2Q13] 

K2Q12A. Has [S.C.]'s need for prescription medication lasted or is it expected to last 12 months or longer? 

(1) YES	 [SKIP TO K2Q13] 

(0) NO	 [SKIP TO K2Q13] 

(6) DON’T KNOW [SKIP TO K2Q13] 

(7) REFUSED [SKIP TO K2Q13] 

K2Q13	 Does [S.C.] need or use more medical care, mental health, or educational services than is usual for 

most children of the same age? 

(1) YES	 [SKIP TO K2Q14] 

(0) NO	 [SKIP TO K2Q16] 

(6) DON’T KNOW [SKIP TO K2Q16] 

(7) REFUSED [SKIP TO K2Q16] 

HELP SCREEN (K2Q13): The child requires more medical care, the use of more mental 

health services, or the use of more educational services than most children the same age. 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Series 1, No. 55 □ Page 49 

K2Q14 Is [his/her] need for medical care, mental health or educational services because of ANY medical, 

behavioral, or other health condition? 

(1) YES 

(0) NO 

(6) DON’T KNOW 

(7) REFUSED 

[SKIP TO K2Q15] 

[SKIP TO K2Q15A] 

[SKIP TO K2Q15A] 

[SKIP TO K2Q15A] 

K2Q15 Is this a condition that has lasted or is expected to last 12 months or longer? 

(1) YES 

(0) NO 

(6) DON'T KNOW 

(7) REFUSED 

[SKIP TO K2Q16] 

[SKIP TO K2Q16] 

[SKIP TO K2Q16] 

[SKIP TO K2Q16] 

K2Q15A. Has [S.C.]'s need for medical care, mental health, or educational services lasted or is it expected to 

last 12 months or longer? 

(1) YES 

(0) NO 

(7) DON’T KNOW 

(9) REFUSED 

[SKIP TO K2Q16] 

[SKIP TO K2Q16] 

[SKIP TO K2Q16] 

[SKIP TO K2Q16] 

K2Q16 Is [S.C.] limited or prevented in any way in [his/her] ability to do the things most children of the 

same age can do? 

(1) YES 

(0) NO 

(6) DON’T KNOW 

(7) REFUSED 

[SKIP TO K2Q17] 

[SKIP TO K2Q19] 

[SKIP TO K2Q19] 

[SKIP TO K2Q19] 

HELP SCREEN (K2Q16): A child is limited or prevented when there are things the child 

can’t do as much or can’t do at all that most children the same age can. 

K2Q17 Is [his/her] limitation in abilities because of ANY medical, behavioral, or other health condition? 

(1) YES 

(0) NO 

(6) DON’T KNOW 

(7) REFUSED 

[SKIP TO K2Q18] 

[SKIP TO K2Q18A] 

[SKIP TO K2Q18A] 

[SKIP TO K2Q18A] 

K2Q18 Is this a condition that has lasted or is expected to last 12 months or longer? 

(1) YES 

(0) NO 

(6) DON'T KNOW 

(7) REFUSED 

[SKIP TO K2Q19] 

[SKIP TO K2Q19] 

[SKIP TO K2Q19] 

[SKIP TO K2Q19] 

K2Q18A Has (S.C)'s limitation in abilities lasted or is it expected to last 12 months or longer? 

(1) YES 

(0) NO 

(6) DON’T KNOW 

(7) REFUSED 

[SKIP TO K2Q19] 

[SKIP TO K2Q19] 

[SKIP TO K2Q19] 

[SKIP TO K2Q19] 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 	 

 	 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 	 

 	 

 

 

	 

 

 	 

 	 

 

 

 

	 

 

 	 

 	 

 

 

 

 

 

Series 1, No. 55 □ Page 50 

K2Q19 Does [S.C.] need or get special therapy, such as physical, occupational, or speech therapy? 

(1) YES 

(0) NO 

(6) DON’T KNOW 

(7) REFUSED 

[SKIP TO K2Q20] 

[SKIP TO K2Q22] 

[SKIP TO K2Q22] 

[SKIP TO K2Q22] 

HELP SCREEN (K2Q19): Special therapy includes physical, occupational, or speech 

therapy. Do not include psychological therapy. 

K2Q20 Is [his/her] need for special therapy because of ANY medical, behavioral, or other health 

condition? 

(1) YES	 [SKIP TO K2Q21] 

(0) NO	 [SKIP TO K2Q21A] 

(6) DON’T KNOW [SKIP TO K2Q21A] 

(7) REFUSED [SKIP TO K2Q21A] 

K2Q21 Is this a condition that has lasted or is expected to last 12 months or longer? 

(1) YES [SKIP TO K2Q22] 

(0) NO [SKIP TO K2Q22] 

(6) DON'T KNOW [SKIP TO K2Q22] 

(7) REFUSED [SKIP TO K2Q22] 

K2Q21A Has [S.C.]'s need for special therapy lasted or is it expected to last 12 months or longer? 

(1) YES	 [SKIP TO K2Q22] 

(0) NO	 [SKIP TO K2Q22] 

(6) DON’T KNOW [SKIP TO K2Q22] 

(7) REFUSED [SKIP TO K2Q22] 

K2Q22	 Does [S.C.] have any kind of emotional, developmental, or behavioral problem for which [he/she] 

needs treatment or counseling? 

(1) YES	 [SKIP TO K2Q23] 

(0) NO	 [SKIP TO CATI INSTRUCTION BELOW] 

(6) DON’T KNOW [SKIP TO CATI INSTRUCTION BELOW] 

(7) REFUSED [SKIP TO CATI INSTRUCTION BELOW] 

HELP SCREEN (K2Q22): These are remedies, therapy, or guidance a child may receive for 

his/her emotional, developmental, or behavioral problem. 

K2Q23	 Has [his/her] emotional, developmental or behavioral problem lasted or is it expected to last 12 

months or longer? 

(1) YES	 [SKIP TO CATI INSTRUCTION BELOW] 

(0) NO	 [SKIP TO CATI INSTRUCTION BELOW] 

(6) DON’T KNOW [SKIP TO CATI INSTRUCTION BELOW] 

(7) REFUSED [SKIP TO CATI INSTRUCTION BELOW] 

CATI INSTRUCTION (SECTION 2, SUBDOMAIN 2): CREATE CATI SYSTEM FLAG (CSHCN) 

INDICATING WHETHER THE CHILD HAS A SPECIAL HEALTH CARE NEED. THIS FLAG SHOULD BE 

POSITIVE (CSHCN = 1) IF K2Q12 = 1, K2Q15 = 1, K2Q18 = 1, K2Q21 = 1, OR K2Q23 = 1. 
Series 1, No. 55 □ Page51 

Subdomain 3:	 Common acute and chronic conditions 

K2Q30A	 CATI INSTRUCTION (K2Q30A): IF S.C. < 36 MONTHS, SKIP TO K2Q31_INTRO. 

Has a doctor, health care provider, teacher, or school official ever told you [S.C.] had a learning 

disability? 

(1) YES	 [SKIP TO K2Q30B] 

(0) NO	 [SKIP TO K2Q31_INTRO] 

(6) DON’T KNOW [SKIP TO K2Q31_INTRO] 

(7) REFUSED [SKIP TO K2Q31_INTRO] 

K2Q30B	 Does [S.C.] currently have a learning disability? 

(1) YES	 [SKIP TO K2Q30C] 

(0) NO	 [SKIP TO K2Q31_INTRO] 

(6) DON’T KNOW [SKIP TO K2Q31_INTRO] 

(7) REFUSED [SKIP TO K2Q31_INTRO] 

K2Q30C	 Would you describe (his/her) learning disability as mild, moderate, or severe? 

(1) MILD 

(2) MODERATE 

(3) SEVERE 

(6) DON’T KNOW 

(7) REFUSED 

K2Q30D Because of (his/her) learning disability, does [S.C.] need or receive any special arrangements, 

adaptations, or accommodations in school (or day care)? 

(1) YES	 [SKIP TO K2Q31_INTRO] 

(0) NO	 [SKIP TO K2Q31_INTRO] 

(6) DON’T KNOW [SKIP TO K2Q31_INTRO] 

(7) REFUSED [SKIP TO K2Q31_INTRO] 

HELP SCREEN (K2Q30D): Include modifications of class schedule, curriculum, and gym 

classes; professional tutors, resource rooms, special lunches, and special transportation; 

special equipment and adaptations that make the classroom accessible for the child’s use. 

K2Q31_INTRO	 	 Now I am going to read you a list of conditions. For each condition, please tell me if a doctor or 

other health care provider ever told you that [S.C.] had the condition, even if (he/she) does not 

have the condition now. 

HELP SCREEN (K2Q31-K2Q44): IF THE RESPONDENT HAS NEVER HEARD OF THE 

MEDICAL CONDITION OR DOES NOT KNOW WHAT THE CONDITION IS, THEN A 

DOCTOR OR OTHER HEALTH CARE PROVIDER PROBABLY HAS NOT TOLD THE 

RESPONDENT THAT THE S.C. HAS THE CONDITION. IF A DOCTOR OR OTHER 

HEALTH CARE PROVIDER HAS NOT TOLD THE RESPONDENT THAT THE S.C. 

HAS THE CONDITION, BUT THE RESPONDENT INSISTS THAT THE S.C. HAS THE 

CONDITION, WE STILL NEED TO CODE THE ANSWER AS “NO.” 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

	 

	 

	 

		

	 

 

 

Series 1, No. 55 □ Page 52 

CATI INSTRUCTION (K2Q31A-K2Q46A): If AGE_NSCH < 24 MONTHS SKIP TO K2Q40A 

SCREENS FOR THESE QUESTIONS SHOULD INCLUDE THE FOLLOWING LANGUAGE: 

(READ IF NECESSARY: Has a doctor or other health care provider ever told you that [S.C.] 

had...) 

ANSWER CHOICES ARE: 

(1) YES (0) NO (6) DON’T KNOW (7) REFUSED
 

K2Q31A Attention Deficit Disorder or Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder, that is, ADD or ADHD?
 

HELP SCREEN (K2Q31A): A child with Attention Deficit Disorder or Attention Deficit 

Hyperactive Disorder has problems paying attention or sitting still. It may cause the child to 

be easily distracted. 

K2Q32A	 Depression? 

HELP SCREEN (K2Q32A): Depression is an illness that involves the body, mood, and 

thoughts. It is marked by persistent sadness or an anxious or empty mood. It affects how a 

person feels, and the way a person eats, sleeps, and functions. 

K2Q33A	 Anxiety problems? 

HELP SCREEN (K2Q33A): Anxiety is a feeling of constant worrying. Children with severe 

anxiety problems may be diagnosed as having anxiety disorders. Anxiety disorders include 

panic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, and phobias. 

K2Q34A Behavioral or conduct problems, such as oppositional defiant disorder or conduct disorder? 

HELP SCREEN (K2Q34A): Oppositional defiant disorder is an ongoing pattern of defiant 

and hostile behavior that interferes with a child’s life and daily activities. 

K2Q35A	 Autism, Asperger's Disorder, pervasive developmental disorder, or other autism spectrum 

disorder? 

HELP SCREEN (K2Q35A): Children with autism have delays in language, communication, 

and social skills.		Children with Asperger’s disorder have impaired social skills but do not 

have speech or language delays. They often have an intense interest in a single subject or 

topic. Children with pervasive developmental disorder have severe and persistent delays in 

language, communication, and social skills. 

K2Q36A	 Any developmental delay that affects (his/her) ability to learn? 

HELP SCREEN (K2Q36A): A child with a developmental delay does not achieve certain 

skills as quickly other children of the same age. A developmental delay is a major delay in 

motor, language, social, or thinking skills. 

K2Q37A Stuttering, stammering, or other speech problems?
 

K2Q40A Asthma?
 

HELP SCREEN (K2Q40A): Asthma is a disease that causes swelling in the tubes that carry 

air to the lungs. Sometimes asthma blocks or restricts the airways making it difficult to 

breathe. 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Series 1, No. 55 □ Page 53 

K2Q41A Diabetes? 

HELP SCREEN (K2Q41A): Diabetes is a disease in which the body does not properly make 

or use insulin. 

K2Q38A Tourette Syndrome? 

HELP SCREEN (K2Q38A): Tourette Syndrome is a disorder that causes frequent sudden 

movements or sounds. 

K2Q42A Epilepsy or seizure disorder? 

HELP SCREEN (K2Q42A): Epilepsy is a brain disease that involves recurrent seizures. 

K2Q43A Hearing problems? 

K2Q44A Vision problems that cannot be corrected with glasses or contact lenses? 

K2Q45A Bone, joint, or muscle problems? 

K2Q46A A brain injury or concussion? 

HELP SCREEN (K2Q46A): A concussion is an injury of the brain that causes a brief 

disruption in brain function. BRAIN TUMORS SHOULD NOT BE CONSIDERED BRAIN 

INJURIES. 

K2Q31B CATI INSTRUCTION (K2Q31B): IF K2Q31A IS NOT “1,” THEN SKIP TO K2Q32B. 

Does [S.C.] currently have ADD or ADHD? 

(1) YES 

(0) NO 

(6) DON’T KNOW 

(7) REF 

[SKIP TO K2Q32B] 

[SKIP TO K2Q32B] 

[SKIP TO K2Q32B] 

K2Q31C Would you describe (his/her) ADD or ADHD as mild, moderate, or severe? 

(1) MILD 

(2) MODERATE 

(3) SEVERE 

(6) DON’T KNOW 

(7) REF 

K2Q31D Is [S.C.] currently taking medication for ADD or ADHD? 

(1) YES 

(0) NO 

(6) DON’T KNOW 

(7) REF 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Series 1, No. 55 □ Page 54 

K2Q32B CATI INSTRUCTION (K2Q32B): IF K2Q32A IS NOT “1,” THEN SKIP TO K2Q33B. 

Does [S.C.] currently have depression? 

(1) YES 

(0) NO 

(6) DON’T KNOW 

(7) REF 

[SKIP TO K2Q33B] 

[SKIP TO K2Q33B] 

[SKIP TO K2Q33B] 

K2Q32C Would you describe (his/her) depression as mild, moderate, or severe? 

(1) MILD 

(2) MODERATE 

(3) SEVERE 

(6) DON’T KNOW 

(7) REF 

K2Q33B CATI INSTRUCTION (K2Q33B): IF K2Q33A IS NOT “1,” THEN SKIP TO K2Q34B. 

Does [S.C.] currently have anxiety problems? 

(1) YES 

(0) NO 

(6) DON’T KNOW 

(7) REF 

[SKIP TO K2Q34B] 

[SKIP TO K2Q34B] 

[SKIP TO K2Q34B] 

K2Q33C Would you describe (his/her) anxiety problems as mild, moderate, or severe? 

(1) MILD 

(2) MODERATE 

(3) SEVERE 

(6) DON’T KNOW 

(7) REF 

K2Q34B CATI INSTRUCTION (K2Q34B): IF K2Q34A IS NOT “1,” THEN SKIP TO K2Q35B. 

Does [S.C.] currently have behavioral or conduct problems? 

(1) YES 

(0) NO 

(6) DON’T KNOW 

(7) REF 

[SKIP TO K2Q35B] 

[SKIP TO K2Q35B] 

[SKIP TO K2Q35B] 

K2Q34C Would you describe (his/her) behavioral or conduct problems as mild, moderate, or severe? 

(1) MILD 

(2) MODERATE 

(3) SEVERE 

(6) DON’T KNOW 

(7) REF 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Series 1, No. 55 □ Page 55 

K2Q35B CATI INSTRUCTION (K2Q35B): IF K2Q35A IS NOT “1,” THEN SKIP TO K2Q36B. 

Does [S.C.] currently have Autism or ASD? 

(1) YES 

(0) NO 

(6) DON’T KNOW 

(7) REF 

[SKIP TO K2Q36B] 

[SKIP TO K2Q36B] 

[SKIP TO K2Q36B] 

K2Q35C Would you describe (his/her) Autism or ASD as mild, moderate, or severe? 

(1) MILD 

(2) MODERATE 

(3) SEVERE 

(6) DON’T KNOW 

(7) REF 

K2Q36B CATI INSTRUCTION (K2Q36B): IF K2Q36A IS NOT “1,” THEN SKIP TO K2Q37B. 

Does [S.C.] currently have developmental delay problems? 

(1) YES 

(0) NO 

(6) DON’T KNOW 

(7) REF 

[SKIP TO K2Q37B] 

[SKIP TO K2Q37B] 

[SKIP TO K2Q37B] 

K2Q36C Would you describe (his/her) developmental delay problems as mild, moderate, or severe? 

(1) MILD 

(2) MODERATE 

(3) SEVERE 

(6) DON’T KNOW 

(7) REF 

K2Q37B CATI INSTRUCTION (K2Q37B): IF K2Q37A IS NOT “1,” THEN SKIP TO K2Q38B. 

Does [S.C.] currently have speech problems? 

(1) YES 

(0) NO 

(6) DON’T KNOW 

(7) REF 

[SKIP TO K2Q38B] 

[SKIP TO K2Q38B] 

[SKIP TO K2Q38B] 

K2Q37C Would you describe (his/her) speech problems as mild, moderate, or severe? 

(1) MILD 

(2) MODERATE 

(3) SEVERE 

(6) DON’T KNOW 

(7) REF 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Series 1, No. 55 □ Page 56 

K2Q40B CATI INSTRUCTION (K2Q40B): IF K2Q40A IS NOT “1,” THEN SKIP TO K2Q41B. 

Does [S.C.] currently have asthma? 

(1) YES 

(0) NO 

(6) DON’T KNOW 

(7) REF 

[SKIP TO K2Q41B] 

[SKIP TO K2Q41B] 

[SKIP TO K2Q41B] 

K2Q40C Would you describe (his/her) asthma as mild, moderate, or severe? 

(1) MILD 

(2) MODERATE 

(3) SEVERE 

(6) DON’T KNOW 

(7) REF 

K2Q41B CATI INSTRUCTION (K2Q41B): IF K2Q41A IS NOT “1,” THEN SKIP TO K2Q42B. 

Does [S.C.] currently have diabetes? 

(1) YES 

(0) NO 

(6) DON’T KNOW 

(7) REF 

[SKIP TO K2Q42B] 

[SKIP TO K2Q42B] 

[SKIP TO K2Q42B] 

K2Q41C Would you describe (his/her) diabetes as mild, moderate, or severe? 

(1) MILD 

(2) MODERATE 

(3) SEVERE 

(6) DON’T KNOW 

(7) REF 

K2Q38B CATI INSTRUCTION (K2Q38B): IF K2Q38A IS NOT “1,” THEN SKIP TO K2Q40B. 

Does [S.C.] currently have Tourette Syndrome? 

(1) YES 

(0) NO 

(6) DON’T KNOW 

(7) REF 

[SKIP TO K2Q40B] 

[SKIP TO K2Q40B] 

[SKIP TO K2Q40B] 

K2Q38C Would you describe (his/her) Tourette Syndrome as mild, moderate, or severe? 

(1) MILD 

(2) MODERATE 

(3) SEVERE 

(6) DON’T KNOW 

(7) REF 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Series 1, No. 55 □ Page 57 

K2Q42B CATI INSTRUCTION (K2Q42B): IF K2Q42A IS NOT “1,” THEN SKIP TO K2Q43B. 

Does [S.C.] currently have epilepsy or seizure disorder? 

(1) YES 

(0) NO 

(6) DON’T KNOW 

(7) REF 

[SKIP TO K2Q43B] 

[SKIP TO K2Q43B] 

[SKIP TO K2Q43B] 

K2Q42C Would you describe (his/her) epilepsy or seizure disorder as mild, moderate, or severe? 

(1) MILD 

(2) MODERATE 

(3) SEVERE 

(6) DON’T KNOW 

(7) REF 

K2Q43B CATI INSTRUCTION (K2Q43B): IF K2Q43A IS NOT “1,” THEN SKIP TO K2Q44B. 

Does [S.C.] currently have hearing problems? 

(1) YES 

(0) NO 

(6) DON’T KNOW 

(7) REF 

[SKIP TO K2Q44B] 

[SKIP TO K2Q44B] 

[SKIP TO K2Q44B] 

K2Q43C Would you describe (his/her) hearing problems as mild, moderate, or severe? 

(1) MILD 

(2) MODERATE 

(3) SEVERE 

(6) DON’T KNOW 

(7) REF 

K2Q44B CATI INSTRUCTION (K2Q44B): IF K2Q44A IS NOT “1,” THEN SKIP TO K2Q45B. 

Does [S.C.] currently have vision problems? 

(1) YES 

(0) NO 

(6) DON’T KNOW 

(7) REF 

[SKIP TO K2Q45B] 

[SKIP TO K2Q45B] 

[SKIP TO K2Q45B] 

K2Q44C Would you describe (his/her) vision problems as mild, moderate, or severe? 

(1) MILD 

(2) MODERATE 

(3) SEVERE 

(6) DON’T KNOW 

(7) REF 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Series 1, No. 55 □ Page 58 

K2Q45B CATI INSTRUCTION (K2Q45B): IF K2Q45A IS NOT “1,” THEN SKIP TO K2Q46B. 

Does [S.C.] currently have bone, joint, or muscle problems? 

(1) YES 

(0) NO 

(6) DON’T KNOW 

(7) REF 

[SKIP TO K2Q46B] 

[SKIP TO K2Q46B] 

[SKIP TO K2Q46B] 

K2Q45C Would you describe (his/her) bone, joint, or muscle problems as mild, moderate, or severe? 

(1) MILD 

(2) MODERATE 

(3) SEVERE 

(6) DON’T KNOW 

(7) REF 

K2Q45D Are (S.C)’s current problems related to (his/her) bones, (his/her) joints, or (his/her) muscles? 

[MARK ALL THAT APPLY] 

(1) BONES 

(2) JOINTS 

(3) MUSCLES 

(6) DON’T KNOW 

(7) REF 

K2Q46B CATI INSTRUCTION (K2Q46B): IF K2Q46A IS NOT “1,” THEN SKIP TO K2Q47_INTRO. 

Does [S.C.] currently have a brain injury? 

(1) YES 

(0) NO 

(6) DON’T KNOW 

(7) REF 

[SKIP TO K2Q47_INTRO] 

[SKIP TO K2Q47_INTRO] 

[SKIP TO K2Q47_INTRO] 

K2Q46C Would you describe (his/her) brain injury as mild, moderate, or severe? 

(1) MILD 

(2) MODERATE 

(3) SEVERE 

(6) DON’T KNOW 

(7) REF 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

	 


	


	


	


	


	


	


	


	


	


	


	


	


	


	


	


	


	


	

Series 1, No. 55 □ Page 59 

K2QTEST1	 CATI INSTRUCTION (K2QTEST1): IF SAMPLE CHILD DOES NOT HAVE SPECIAL 

HEALTH CARE NEEDS AND K2Q31B = 1 AND K2Q31D = 2; 

OR IF SAMPLE CHILD DOES NOT HAVE SPECIAL HEALTH CARE NEEDS AND 

ANY (K2Q32B, K2Q33B, K2Q34B, K2Q35B, K2Q36B, K2Q37B, K2Q38B, K2Q40B, 

K2Q41B, K2Q42B, K2Q43B, K2Q44B, K2Q45B, K2Q46B) = 1, 

THEN ASK K2QTEST1. 

ELSE, SKIP TO K2Q47_INTRO. 

During the past 12 months, how many times did [S.C.] see a doctor or other health care provider 

because of (his/her) [FILL CONDITION NAMES]? 

___ ___ ___ TIMES [IF ≥ 1, SKIP TO K2Q47_INTRO] 

(000) ZERO [SKIP TO K2QTEST2] 

(996) DON’T KNOW [SKIP TO K2Q47_INTRO] 

(997) REFUSED [SKIP TO K2Q47_INTRO] 

FOR CONDITION NAMES FILL, 

IF K2Q31B = 1 AND K2Q31D = 2, FILL “ADD or ADHD, ”
	

IF K2Q32B = 1, FILL “depression, ”
	

IF K2Q33B = 1, FILL “anxiety problems, ”
	

IF K2Q34B = 1, FILL “behavioral or conduct problems, ”
	

IF K2Q35B = 1, FILL “autism or ASD, ”
	

IF K2Q36B = 1, FILL “developmental delay, ”
	

IF K2Q37B = 1, FILL “speech problems, ”
	

IF K2Q38B = 1, FILL “Tourette Syndrome, ”
	

IF K2Q40B = 1, FILL “asthma, ”
	

IF K2Q41B = 1, FILL “diabetes, ”
	

IF K2Q42B = 1, FILL “epilepsy or seizure disorder, ”
	

IF K2Q43B = 1, FILL “hearing problems, ”
	

IF K2Q44B = 1, FILL “vision problems, ”
	

IF K2Q45D = 1, FILL “bone problems, ”
	

IF K2Q45D = 2, FILL “joint problems, ”
	

IF K2Q45D = 3, FILL “muscle problems, ”
	

IF K2Q45D = 7 or 9, FILL “bone, joint, or muscle problems, ”
	

IF K2Q46B = 1, FILL “brain injury, ”
	
Series 1, No. 55 □ Page60 

K2QTEST2	 CATI INSTRUCTION (K2QTEST2): IF THE ANSWER TO K2QTEST1 IS ZERO, THEN 

ASK K2QTEST2. ELSE, SKIP TO K2Q47_INTRO. 

Why didn’t [S.C.] see a doctor or other health care provider regarding (his/her) [FILL 

CONDITION NAMES]? [MARK ALL THAT APPLY] 

(1) NO DOCTOR VISIT NEEDED 

(2) CONDITION IS UNDER CONTROL 

(3) CONDITION IS NOT SEVERE 

(4) CARE COSTS TOO MUCH 

(5) NO INSURANCE 

(6) HEALTH PLAN PROBLEM 

(7) CAN’T FIND PROVIDER WHO ACCEPTS CHILD’S INSURANCE 

(8) NO REFERRAL 

(9) NOT AVAILABLE IN AREA/TRANSPORT PROBLEMS 

(10) DID NOT KNOW WHERE TO GO FOR TREATMENT 

(11) PROVIDER DID NOT KNOW HOW TO TREAT OR PROVIDE CARE 

(12) DISSATISFACTION WITH PROVIDER 

(13) NOT CONVENIENT TIMES/COULD NOT GET APPOINTMENT 

(14) DID NOT GO TO APPT/NEGLECTED APPT/FORGOT APPT 

(15) CHILD REFUSED TO GO 

(16) OTHER 

(96) DON’T KNOW 

(97) REFUSED 

AFTER K2QTEST2, ALL SKIP TO K2Q47_INTRO. 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Series 1, No. 55 □ Page 61 

K2Q47_INTRO CATI INSTRUCTION (K2Q47_INTRO): 

IF AGE_NSCH IS LESS THAN 12 MONTHS OLD AND NO K2Q31A-K2Q46A = 1 THEN 

SKIP TO K2Q47A.
 

IF AGE_NSCH IS EQUAL TO 12 MONTHS OF AGE OR OLDER, READ:
 

The next set of questions asks about conditions [S.C.] may have had over the past 12 months. For
 

each condition, please tell me if a doctor or other health care provider told you that [S.C.] had the 

condition at some time during the past 12 months, even if (he/she) does not have the condition 

now. 

IF AGE_NSCH IS LESS THAN 12 MONTHS OLD AND ANY K2Q31A-K2Q46A = 1, READ: 

Now I am going to read you another list of conditions. Again for each condition, please tell me if 

a doctor or other health care provider ever told you that [S.C.] had the condition, even if (he/she)
 

does not have the condition now.
 

CATI INSTRUCTION (K2Q47A-K2Q51A):
 

SCREENS FOR THESE QUESTIONS SHOULD INCLUDE THE FOLLOWING LANGUAGE
 

FOR CHILDREN 12 MONTHS OF AGE OR OLDER:
 

(READ IF NECESSARY: During the past 12 months, have you been told by a doctor or other 

health care provider that (he/she) had...) 

SCREENS FOR THESE QUESTIONS SHOULD INCLUDE THE FOLLOWING LANGUAGE 

FOR CHILDREN LESS THAN 12 MONTHS OF AGE: 

(READ IF NECESSARY: Has a doctor or other health care provider ever told you that [S.C.] 

had...) 

ANSWER CHOICES ARE: 

(1) YES (0) NO (6) DON’T KNOW (7) REFUSED 

K2Q47A Hay fever or any kind of respiratory allergy? 

HELP SCREEN (K2Q47A): Hay fever is an allergic reaction to pollen that causes sneezing, 

runny nose, and itching of the eyes. 

K2Q48A Any kind of food or digestive allergy? 

K2Q49A Eczema or any kind of skin allergy? 

HELP SCREEN (K2Q49A): Eczema is a skin condition characterized by redness, itching, 

and dry, flaky, scaly skin. 

K2Q50A CATI INSTRUCTION (K2Q50A): IF AGE_NSCH < 72 MONTHS, SKIP TO K2Q51A 

Migraine headaches? 

HELP SCREEN (K2Q50A): Migraine headaches are recurrent severe headaches, often 

along with nausea and vomiting. 

K2Q51A Three or more ear infections? 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Series 1, No. 55 □ Page 62 

K2Q47C CATI INSTRUCTION (K2Q47C): IF K2Q47A IS NOT “1,” THEN SKIP TO K2Q48C. 

Would you describe (his/her) respiratory allergy as mild, moderate, or severe? 

(1) MILD 

(2) MODERATE 

(3) SEVERE 

(6) DON’T KNOW 

(7) REF 

K2Q48C CATI INSTRUCTION (K2Q47C): IF K2Q48A IS NOT “1,” THEN SKIP TO K2Q49C. 

Would you describe (his/her) food or digestive allergy as mild, moderate, or severe? 

(1) MILD 

(2) MODERATE 

(3) SEVERE 

(6) DON’T KNOW 

(7) REF 

K2Q49C CATI INSTRUCTION (K2Q47C): IF K2Q49A IS NOT “1,” THEN SKIP TO K2Q50C. 

Would you describe (his/her) eczema or skin allergy as mild, moderate, or severe? 

(1) MILD 

(2) MODERATE 

(3) SEVERE 

(6) DON’T KNOW 

(7) REF 

K2Q50C CATI INSTRUCTION (K2Q47C): IF K2Q50A IS NOT “1,” THEN SKIP TO K2Q51C. 

Would you describe (his/her) headaches as mild, moderate, or severe? 

(1) MILD 

(2) MODERATE 

(3) SEVERE 

(6) DON’T KNOW 

(7) REF 

K2Q51C CATI INSTRUCTION (K2Q47C): IF K2Q51A IS NOT “1,” THEN SKIP TO K2Q52_INTRO. 

Would you describe (his/her) ear infections as mild, moderate, or severe? 

(1) MILD 

(2) MODERATE 

(3) SEVERE 

(6) DON’T KNOW 

(7) REF 
Series 1, No. 55 □ Page63 

K2Q52_INTRO	 CATI INSTRUCTION (K2Q52_INTRO): IF AGE_NSCH < 12 MONTHS, SKIP TO 

K2Q56_INTRO. 
 

I have just a few more questions about health conditions that [S.C.] may have, and then we’ll 

move on to other topics. To the best of your knowledge, has (he/she) had any of the following 
 

conditions within the past 6 months? 
 

 CATI INSTRUCTION (K2Q52 – K2Q56G): 
 

SCREENS FOR THESE QUESTIONS SHOULD INCLUDE THE FOLLOWING LANGUAGE: 

(READ IF NECESSARY: To the best of your knowledge, did [S.C.] have ... within the past 6
	

months?) 
 

ANSWER CHOICES ARE: 
 

(1) YES (0) NO (6) DON’T KNOW (7) REFUSED 

K2Q52 A toothache? 

K2Q53 Decayed teeth or cavities? 

K2Q54 Broken teeth? 

K2Q55 Bleeding gums? 

Subdomain 4:	 Limits on participation in activities 

K2Q60_INTRO	 CATI INSTRUCTION (K2Q60_INTRO): IF SAMPLE CHILD DOES NOT HAVE SPECIAL 

HEALTH CARE NEEDS (CSHCN=0), SKIP TO K2Q81. (i.e., IF CSHCN = 0, SKIP TO K2Q81) 

Do (S.C)’s medical, behavioral or other health conditions interfere with (his/her) ability to do any 

of the following things? 

CATI INSTRUCTION (K2Q60A – K2Q61D): EACH SCREEN SHOULD INCLUDE THE 

FOLLOWING: 

(READ IF NECESSARY: Do [S.C.]’s medical, behavioral, or other health conditions interfere 

with (his/her) ability to...) 

K2Q60A	 	 CATI INSTRUCTION (K2Q60A): IF AGE_NSCH <12 months, SKIP TO K2Q60B. IF 

AGE_NSCH_Y IS 6 YEARS OF AGE OR OLDER, SKIP TO K2Q61A. ELSE READ 

Participate in play with other children? 

(1) YES 

(0) NO 

(6) DON’T KNOW 

(7) REFUSED 
Series 1, No. 55 □ Page64 

K2Q60B Go on outings, such as to the park, library, zoo, shopping, church, restaurants, or family 

gatherings? 

(1) YES 

(0) NO 

(6) DON’T KNOW 

(7) REFUSED 

K2Q60C CATI INSTRUCTION (K2Q60C): IF AGE_NSCH <36 months, SKIP TO K2Q81 

Make friends? 

(1) YES [SKIP TO K2Q81] 

(0) NO [SKIP TO K2Q81] 

(6) DON’T KNOW [SKIP TO K2Q81] 

(7) REFUSED [SKIP TO K2Q81] 

K2Q61A Attend school on a regular basis? 

(1) YES 

(0) NO 

(6) DON’T KNOW 

(7) REFUSED 

K2Q61B Participate in sports, clubs, or other organized activities? 

(1) YES 

(0) NO 

(6) DON’T KNOW 

(7) REFUSED 

K2Q61C Make friends? 

(1) YES 

(0) NO 

(6) DON’T KNOW 

(7) REFUSED 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Series 1, No. 55 □ Page 65 

Subdomain 5: Immunizations 

K2Q81 CATI INSTRUCTION (K2Q81): IF AGE_NSCH_Y < 12 YEARS, SKIP TO K2Q90. 

Has [S.C.] received a tetanus booster shot or Td or Tdap shot since (he/she) turned 11 years of 

age? Booster shots are given after a child completes the primary infant shots. 

HELP SCREEN (K2Q81): Primary infant shots are given between birth and 6 years of age. 

(1) YES 

(2) NO 

(3) CHILD IS UP TO DATE ON ALL SHOTS 

(6) DON’T KNOW 

(7) REFUSED 

K2Q82 Has [S.C.] ever received a meningitis shot, sometimes called MENACTRA or MENOMUNE? 

(1) YES 

(0) NO 

(6) DON’T KNOW 

(7) REFUSED 

K2Q83 CATI INSTRUCTION (K2Q83): IF CHILD IS MALE (K1Q01 = 1), THEN SKIP TO K2Q90. 

The human papillomavirus is a common virus known to cause genital warts and some cancers, 

such as cervical cancer in women. A vaccine to prevent HPV infection is available and is called 

the cervical cancer vaccine, HPV shot, GARDASIL or CERVARIX. 

Has [S.C.] ever received any HPV shots? 

(1) YES 

(0) NO 

(3) CHILD IS UP TO DATE ON ALL SHOTS 

(6) DON’T KNOW 

(7) REFUSED 

[SKIP TO K2Q84] 

[SKIP TO K2Q85] 

[SKIP TO K2Q85] 

[SKIP TO K2Q85] 

[SKIP TO K2Q85] 

K2Q84 Please tell me how many HPV shots [S.C] has received. 

(1) ONE 

(2) TWO 

(3) THREE OR MORE 

(4) ALL SHOTS THAT ARE RECOMMENDED 

(6) DON'T KNOW 

(7) REFUSED 

K2Q85 Did a doctor or health care provider recommend that [S.C.] receive HPV shots? 

(1) YES 

(2) NO 

(3) CHILD HAS NOT BEEN TO THE DOCTOR SINCE THE VACCINE HAS BEEN 

APPROVED 

(6) DON'T KNOW 

(7) REFUSED 
Series 1, No. 55 □ Page66 

Section 3: Health Insurance Coverage
 

Subdomain 1: Current coverage and past year coverage 

K3Q01_INTRO The next questions are about health insurance. 

K3Q01 Does [S.C.] have any kind of health care coverage, including health insurance, prepaid plans such 

as HMOs, or government plans such as Medicaid? 

(1) YES [SKIP TO K3Q02] 

(0) NO [SKIP TO K3Q04] 

(6) DON’T KNOW [SKIP TO K3Q02] 

(7) REFUSED [SKIP TO K3Q02] 

READ IF NECESSARY (K3Q01): Medicaid refers to a medical assistance program that 

provides health care coverage to low-income and disabled persons. The Medicaid program 

is a joint federal-state program that is administered by the states. HMO is Health 

Maintenance Organization. 

K3Q02	 CATI INSTRUCTION (K3Q02): 

IF K3Q01 = 1 THEN FILL “Is that coverage”. ELSE, fill “Is [he/she] insured by...] 

[Is that coverage/Is [he/she] insured by] Medicaid or the State Children’s Health Insurance 

Program, S-CHIP? In this state, the program is sometimes called [FILL MEDICAID NAME, 

SCHIP NAME]. 

(1) YES (0) NO (6) DON’T KNOW (7) REFUSED 

HELP SCREEN (K3Q02): S-CHIP is a type of state-sponsored health insurance coverage 

that a child may have. The name of the plan varies from state-to-state. CATI WILL 

AUTOMATICALLY FILL IN THE NAMES FOR YOU. 

IF K3Q01 IN (6, 7) AND K3Q02 IN (0, 6, 7), [SKIP TO K3Q04] 

ELSE, [SKIP TO K3Q03] 

K3Q03	 (IF SC > 12 MONTHS OLD “During the past 12 months”, ELSE “Since [his/her] birth”), was 

there any time when [he/she] was not covered by ANY health insurance? 

(1) YES [SKIP TO K3Q20] 

(0) NO	 [SKIP TO K3Q20] 

(6) DON’T KNOW [SKIP TO K3Q20] 

(7) REFUSED [SKIP TO K3Q20] 

K3Q04	 (IF SC > 12 months OLD: "During the past 12 months" ELSE "Since (his/her) birth"), was there 

anytime when (he/she) had health care coverage? 

(1) YES [SKIP TO K4Q01] 

(0) NO	 [SKIP TO K4Q01] 

(6) DON’T KNOW [SKIP TO K4Q01] 

(7) REFUSED [SKIP TO K4Q01] 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Series 1, No. 55 □ Page 67 

Subdomain 2: Adequacy of health insurance 

K3Q20 The next questions are about [S.C.]’s health insurance or health care plans. Does [S.C.]’s health 

insurance offer benefits or cover services that meet (his/her) needs? Would you say: 

(1) NEVER 

(2) SOMETIMES 

(3) USUALLY 

(4) ALWAYS 

(6) DON’T KNOW 

(7) REFUSED 

K3Q22 Does [S.C.]’s health insurance allow (him/her) to see the health care providers (he/she) needs? 

Would you say: 

(1) NEVER 

(2) SOMETIMES 

(3) USUALLY 

(4) ALWAYS 

(6) DON’T KNOW 

(7) REFUSED 

K3Q21A Not including health insurance premiums or costs that are covered by insurance, do you pay any 

money for [S.C.]’s health care? 

HELP SCREEN (K3Q21A): Include out-of-pocket payments for all types of health-related 

needs such as co-payments, dental or vision care, medications, and any kind of therapy. 

(1) YES 

(0) NO 

(6) DON’T KNOW 

(7) REFUSED 

[SKIP TO K3Q21B] 

[SKIP TO K4Q01] 

[SKIP TO K4Q01] 

[SKIP TO K4Q01] 

K3Q21B How often are these costs reasonable? Would you say sometimes, always, usually or always? 

(1) NEVER 

(2) SOMETIMES 

(3) USUALLY 

(4) ALWAYS 

(5) NO OUT OF POCKET COSTS 

(6) DON’T KNOW 

(7) REFUSED 

HELP SCREEN (K3Q21B): IF THE PARENT SEEMS CONFUSED BY HOW TO 

ANSWER, ASK: Do you have any out-of-pocket costs for your child's health care? 

IF YES, THEN ASK: How often are those costs reasonable? 
Series 1, No. 55 □ Page68 

Section 4: Health Care Access and Utilization 

Subdomain 1: Usual place for care 

K4Q01 Is there a place that [S.C.] USUALLY goes when (he/she) is sick or you need advice about 

 (his/her) health? 

 (1) YES 

 (2) NO [SKIP TO K4Q04] 

 (3) THERE IS MORE THAN ONE PLACE 

 (6) DON’T KNOW [SKIP TO K4Q04] 

 (7) REFUSED [SKIP TO K4Q04] 

K4Q02 IF K4Q01 = 1, SAY “What kind of place is it?” 

 IF K4Q01 = 3, SAY “What kind of place does [S.C.] go to most often?”
	

Is it a doctor’s office, emergency room, hospital outpatient department, clinic, or some other
 

place?
 

 (1) DOCTOR’S OFFICE				 [SKIP TO K4Q04] 

 (2) HOSPITAL EMERGENCY ROOM	 [SKIP TO K4Q04] 

 (3) HOSPITAL OUTPATIENT DEPARTMENT [SKIP TO K4Q04] 

 (4) CLINIC OR HEALTH CENTER	 [SKIP TO K4Q04] 

 (5) SCHOOL (NURSE’S OFFICE, ATHLETIC TRAINER’S OFFICE, ETC) 

 [SKIP TO K4Q04] 

 (6) FRIEND/RELATIVE	 [SKIP TO K4Q04] 

 (7) MEXICO/OTHER LOCATIONS OUT OF US [SKIP TO K4Q04] 

 (8) SOME OTHER PLACE	 [SKIP TO K4Q03] 

 (9) DOES NOT GO TO ONE PLACE MOST OFTEN [SKIP TO K4Q04] 

 (96) DON’T KNOW [FILL 6 IN K4Q01 AND SKIP TO K4Q04] 

 (97) REFUSED [FILL 7 IN K4Q01 AND SKIP TO K4Q04] 

K4Q03	 READ IF NECESSARY: ( IF K4Q01 = 1, READ “WHAT KIND OF PLACE IS IT?”; IF K4Q01 = 3, 

READ: “WHAT KIND OF PLACE DOES [S.C.] GO TO MOST OFTEN?”) 

 RECORD VERBATIM RESPONSE________ 

K4Q04	 A personal doctor or nurse is a health professional who knows your child well and is familiar with 

your child’s health history. This can be a general doctor, a pediatrician, a specialist doctor, a nurse 

practitioner, or a physician’s assistant. Do you have one or more persons you think of as [S.C.]’s 

personal doctor or nurse? 

 (1) YES, ONE PERSON 

 (2) YES, MORE THAN ONE PERSON 

 (3) NO 

 (6) DON’T KNOW 

 (7) REFUSED 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Series 1, No. 55 □ Page 69 

Subdomain 2: Utilization of services 

K4Q20 [During the past 12 months/Since [his/her] birth], how many times did [S.C.] see a doctor, nurse, 

or other health care provider for preventive medical care such as a physical exam or well-child 

checkup? 

___ ___ ___ TIMES 

(996) DON’T KNOW 

(997) REFUSED 

[RANGE CHECK: 0-999] 

K4Q21 [During the past 12 months/Since [his/her] birth], how many times did [S.C.] see a dentist for 

preventive dental care, such as check-ups and dental cleanings? 

___ ___ ___ TIMES 

(996) DON’T KNOW 

(997) REFUSED 

K4Q22 CATI INSTRUCTION (K4Q22): IF AGE_NSCH < 24 MONTHS, SKIP TO K4Q24. 

Mental health professionals include psychiatrists, psychologists, psychiatric nurses, and clinical 

social workers. During the past 12 months, has [S.C.] received any treatment or counseling from a 

mental health professional? 

(1) YES 

(0) NO 

(6) DON’T KNOW 

(7) REFUSED 

K4Q23 CATI INSTRUCTION (K4Q23): IF K2Q31D = 1, SKIP TO K4Q24. 

During the past 12 months, has [S.C.] taken any medication because of difficulties with (his/her) 

emotions, concentration, or behavior? 

(1) YES 

(0) NO 

(6) DON’T KNOW 

(7) REFUSED 

K4Q24 Specialists are doctors like surgeons, heart doctors, allergy doctors, skin doctors, and others who 

specialize in one area of health care. [During the past 12 months/Since [his/her] birth], did [S.C.] 

see a specialist [IF K4Q22 = 1, THEN INSERT: other than a mental health professional]? 

(1) YES 

(0) NO 

(6) DON’T KNOW 

(7) REFUSED 

[SKIP TO K4Q26] 

K4Q25 [During the past 12 months/Since [his/her] birth], did you or a doctor think that [he/she] needed to 

see a specialist? 

(1) YES 

(0) NO 

(6) DON’T KNOW 

(7) REFUSED 

[SKIP TO K4Q27] 

[SKIP TO K4Q27] 

[SKIP TO K4Q27] 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Series 1, No. 55 □ Page 70 

K4Q26 [During the past 12 months/Since [his/her] birth], how much of a problem, if any, was it to get the 

care from the specialists that [S.C.] needed? Would you say it was a big problem, a small 

problem, or not a problem? 

(1) BIG PROBLEM 

(2) SMALL PROBLEM 

(3) NOT A PROBLEM 

(6) DON’T KNOW 

(7) REFUSED 

K4Q27 Sometimes people have difficulty getting health care when they need it. By health care, I mean 

medical care as well as other kinds of care like dental care and mental health services. [During the 

past 12 months/Since [his/her] birth], was there any time when [S.C.] needed health care but it was 

delayed or not received? 

(1) YES 

(0) NO 

(6) DON’T KNOW 

(7) REFUSED 

[SKIP TO K5Q10] 

[SKIP TO K5Q10] 

[SKIP TO K5Q10] 

K4Q28 What type of care was delayed or not received? Was it medical care, dental care, mental health 

services, or something else? [MARK ALL THAT APPLY] 

(1) MEDICAL CARE 

(2) DENTAL CARE 

(3) MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES 

(4) SOMETHING ELSE 

(6) DON’T KNOW 

(7) REFUSED 
Series 1, No. 55 □ Page71 

Section 5: Medical Home 

Subdomain 1:	 Referrals 

K5Q10	 [IF AGE_NSCH >= 12 MONTHS OLD, "During the past 12 months", ELSE "Since (his/her) 

birth"], did [S.C.] need a referral to see any doctors or receive any services? 

 

 (1) YES 

 (0) NO	 [SKIP TO K5Q20] 

 (6) DON’T KNOW [SKIP TO K5Q20] 

(7) REFUSED	 [SKIP TO K5Q20] 

K5Q11	 Was getting referrals a big problem, a small problem, or not a problem? 

 (1) BIG PROBLEM 

(2) SMALL PROBLEM 

(3) NOT A PROBLEM 

 (6) DON’T KNOW 

(7) REFUSED 

Subdomain 2:	 Care coordination 

 CATI INSTRUCTION: Sum up the number of services from Section 4, Subdomain 2 

DEFINE VARIABLE NUMB_SERVICES = 0. 

IF K4Q20 ≥ 1, NUMB_SERVICES = NUMB_SERVICES + 1 

IF K4Q21 ≥ 1, NUMB_SERVICES = NUMB_SERVICES + 1 

IF K4Q22 = 1, NUMB_SERVICES = NUMB_SERVICES + 1 

IF K4Q24 = 1, NUMB_SERVICES = NUMB_SERVICES + 1 

IF K4Q25 = 1, NUMB_SERVICES = NUMB_SERVICES + 1 

E.G. If K4Q20=1, K4Q21=2, and K4Q24=1, then NUMB_SERVICES=3 

K5Q20	 CATI INSTRUCTION (K5Q20): IF NUMB_SERVICES IS < 2, THEN SKIP TO K5Q31. 

Does anyone help you arrange or coordinate [S.C.]’s care among the different doctors or services 

that (he/she) uses? 

 (1) YES 

 (0) NO 

 (6) DON’T KNOW 

(7) REFUSED 

READ IF NECESSARY: By “arrange or coordinate,” I mean: Is there anyone who helps 

you make sure that [S.C.] gets all the health care and services (he/she) needs, that health care 

providers share information, and that these services fit together and are paid for in a way 

that works for you? 

READ IF NECESSARY: Anyone means anyone. 
Series 1, No. 55 □ Page72 

K5Q21	 [IF AGE_NSCH >= 12 MONTHS OLD, "During the past 12 months", ELSE "since (his/her) 

birth"], have you felt that you could have used extra help arranging or coordinating [S.C.]’s care 

among the different health care providers or services? 

 (1) YES 

 (0) NO	 [SKIP TO K5Q30] 

 (6) DON’T KNOW [SKIP TO K5Q30] 

(7) REFUSED	 [SKIP TO K5Q30] 

K5Q22	 [IF AGE_NSCH >= 12 MONTHS OLD, "During the past 12 months", ELSE "since (his/her) 

birth"], how often did you get as much help as you wanted with arranging or coordinating [S.C.]’s 

care? Would you say never, sometimes, or usually? 

(1) NEVER 

(2) SOMETIMES 

(3) USUALLY 

 (6) DON’T KNOW 

(7) REFUSED 

Subdomain 3:	 Provider communication 

K5Q30	 Overall, are you very satisfied, somewhat satisfied, somewhat dissatisfied, or very dissatisfied 

with the communication among [S.C.]’s doctors and other health care providers? 

(1) VERY SATISFIED 

(2) SOMEWHAT SATISFIED 

(3) SOMEWHAT DISSATISFIED 

(4) VERY DISSATISFIED 

(5) NO COMMUNICATION NEEDED OR WANTED 

 (6) DON’T KNOW 

 (7) REFUSED 

K5Q31 CATI INSTRUCTION (K5Q31): IF NUMB_SERVICES = 0 THEN SKIP TO K5Q45. 

 Do [S.C.]’s doctors or other health care providers need to communicate with (his/her) 

 [IF AGE_NSCH < 36 MONTHS, INSERT: child care providers or early intervention program?] 

 [IF AGE_NSCH ≥ 36 MONTHS AND < 72 MONTHS, INSERT: child care providers, school, or 

special education program?] 

 [IF AGE_NSCH ≥72 MONTHS AND CHILD DOES NOT HAVE SPECIAL HEALTH CARE 

NEEDS, INSERT: school or special education program?] 

 [IF AGE_NSCH ≥ 72 MONTHS AND < 144 MONTHS AND CHILD DOES HAVE SPECIAL 

HEALTH CARE NEEDS, INSERT: school or special education program?] 

 [IF AGE_NSCH ≥ 144 MONTHS AND CHILD DOES HAVE SPECIAL HEALTH CARE 

NEEDS, INSERT: school, special education program, or vocational education program?] 

 (1) YES 

 (0) NO	 [SKIP TO K5Q40] 

 (6) DON’T KNOW [SKIP TO K5Q40] 

(7) REFUSED	 [SKIP TO K5Q40] 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Series 1, No. 55 □ Page 73 

K5Q32 Overall, are you very satisfied, somewhat satisfied, somewhat dissatisfied, or very dissatisfied 

with that communication? 

(1) VERY SATISFIED 

(2) SOMEWHAT SATISFIED 

(3) SOMEWHAT DISSATISFIED 

(4) VERY DISSATISFIED 

(5) NO COMMUNICATION NEEDED OR WANTED 

(6) DON’T KNOW 

(7) REFUSED 

Subdomain 4: Compassionate, culturally effective, family centered care 

K5Q40 [IF AGE_NSCH >= 12 MONTHS OLD, "During the past 12 months", ELSE "Since (his/her) 

birth"], how often did [S.C.]’s doctors and other health care providers spend enough time with 

(him/her)? Would you say never, sometimes, usually, or always? 

(1) NEVER 

(4) ALWAYS 

(2) SOMETIMES 

(6) DON’T KNOW 

(3) USUALLY 

(7) REFUSED 

K5Q41 [IF AGE_NSCH >= 12 MONTHS OLD, "During the past 12 months", ELSE "Since (his/her) 

birth"], how often did [S.C.]’s doctors and other health care providers listen carefully to you? 

Would you say never, sometimes, usually, or always? 

(1) NEVER 

(4) ALWAYS 

(2) SOMETIMES 

(6) DON’T KNOW 

(3) USUALLY 

(7) REFUSED 

K5Q42 When [S.C.] is seen by doctors or other health care providers, how often are they sensitive to your 

family’s values and customs? Would you say never, sometimes, usually, or always? 

(1) NEVER 

(4) ALWAYS 

(2) SOMETIMES 

(6) DON’T KNOW 

(3) USUALLY 

(7) REFUSED 

K5Q43 Information about a child’s health or health care can include things such as the causes of any 

health problems, how to care for a child now, and what changes to expect in the future. [IF 

AGE_NSCH >= 12 MONTHS OLD, "During the past 12 months", ELSE "Since (his/her) birth"], 

how often did you get the specific information you needed from [S.C.]’s doctors and other health 

care providers? Would you say never, sometimes, usually, or always? 

(1) NEVER 

(4) ALWAYS 

(2) SOMETIMES 

(6) DON’T KNOW 

(3) USUALLY 

(7) REFUSED 

K5Q44 [IF AGE_NSCH >= 12 MONTHS OLD, "During the past 12 months", ELSE "Since (his/her) 

birth"], how often did [S.C.]’s doctors or other health care providers help you feel like a partner in 

(his/her) care? Would you say never, sometimes, usually, or always? 

(1) NEVER 

(4) ALWAYS 

(2) SOMETIMES 

(6) DON’T KNOW 

(3) USUALLY 

(7) REFUSED 
Series 1, No. 55 □ Page74 

K5Q45	 CATI INSTRUCTION (K5Q45): IF K1Q03 = (1, 6, or 7) [I.E. LANGUAGE ENGLISH OR 

UNKNOWN] AND AGE_NSCH_Y ≤ 5 YEARS, THEN SKIP TO K6Q01. IF K1Q03 = (1, 6, or 

7) [I.E. LANGUAGE ENGLISH OR UNKNOWN] AND AGE_NSCH_Y ≥ 6 YEARS, THEN 

SKIP TO K7Q01. 

IF AGE_NSCH ≥ 36 MONTHS, FILL [or S.C.]. ELSE, NO FILL. 

An interpreter is someone who repeats what one person says in a language used by another person. 

(IF AGE_NSCH >=12 MONTHS, "During the past 12 months" ELSE "Since [S.C.]’s birth"), did 

you (or S.C.) need an interpreter to help speak with (his/her) doctors or other health care 

providers? 

(1) YES 

(0) NO 

(6) DON’T KNOW 

(7) REFUSED 

K5Q46	 CATI INSTRUCTION (K5Q46): IF (K5Q45 = 0, 6, OR 7) AND AGE_NSCH _Y ≤ 5 YEARS, 

THEN SKIP TO K6Q01. IF K5Q45 = (0, 6, OR 7) AND AGE_NSCH_Y ≥ 6 YEARS, THEN 

SKIP TO K7Q01. IF AGE_NSCH ≥ 36 MONTHS, FILL [or S.C.]. ELSE, DO NOT FILL. 

 

When you (or S.C.) needed an interpreter, how often were you able to get someone other than a 

family member to help you speak with (his/her) doctors or other health care providers? Would 

you say never, sometimes, usually, or always? 

(1) NEVER (2) SOMETIMES (3) USUALLY 

(4) ALWAYS (6) DON’T KNOW (7) REFUSED 

 

[IF AGE_NSCH_Y ≤ 5 YEARS, SKIP TO K6Q01. IF AGE_NSCH_Y ≥ 6 YEARS, SKIP TO 

K7Q01.] 
Series 1, No. 55 □ Page75 

Section 6: Early Childhood (0-5 years) 

Subdomain 1: Developmental screening 

QUESTIONS K6Q01-K6Q09 ARE FROM THE PARENT’S EVALUATION OF DEVELOPMENTAL 

STATUS (PEDS) CHILD DEVELOPMENT SCREENING TEST. THE PEDS IS PROTECTED BY U.S. 

AND INTERNATIONAL COPYRIGHT LAW. ALL RIGHTS ARE RESERVED BY FRANCES PAGE 

GLASCOE. PERMISSION TO USE THESE ITEMS IN THE NSCH HAS BEEN GRANTED BY DR. 

GLASCOE. PERMISSION MUST BE REQUESTED FROM THE PUBLISHER (FOREPATH.ORG, PO 

BOX 23186, WASHINGTON, DC, 20026, WWW.FOREPATH.ORG, SUPPORT@FOREPATH.ORG) 

BEFORE USING THESE ITEMS FOR OTHER PURPOSES. 

K6Q01 Do you have any concerns about [S.C.]’s learning, development, or behavior? 

(1) YES 

(0) NO 

(6) DON’T KNOW 

(7) REFUSED 

K6Q02_INTRO CATI INSTRUCTION (K6Q02_INTRO): IF AGE_NSCH < 4 MONTHS, SKIP TO K6Q10. 

[IF K6Q01 = 0, READ: Although you told me you have no concerns, I need to ask a few specific 

questions about concerns that some parents may have. Please tell me if you are currently 

concerned a lot, a little, or not at all about the following.] 

[ELSE, READ: The next section asks about specific concerns some parents may have. Please tell 

me if you are currently concerned a lot, a little, or not at all about the following.] 

QUESTION STEM: [Are you concerned a lot, a little, or not at all about...] 

(1) A LOT 

(2) A LITTLE 

(3) NOT AT ALL 

(6) DON’T KNOW 

(7) REFUSED 

 [CATI: DISPLAY QUESTION STEM FOR EACH OF THE FOLLOWING SCREENS.] 

K6Q02 How [S.C.] talks and makes speech sounds? 

K6Q03 How [he/she] understands what you say? 

K6Q04 How [he/she] uses [his/her] hands and fingers to do things? 

K6Q05 How [he/she] uses [his/her] arms and legs? 

K6Q06 How [he/she] behaves? 

 

K6Q07 How [he/she] gets along with others? 
Series 1, No. 55 □ Page76 

K6Q08 CATI INSTRUCTION (K6Q08): IF AGE_NSCH < 10 MONTHS, SKIP TO K6Q10. 

 How [he/she] is learning to do things for (himself/herself)? 

K6Q09 CATI INSTRUCTION (K6Q09): IF AGE_NSCH < 18 MONTHS, SKIP TO K6Q10. 

 How [he/she] is learning pre-school or school skills? 

K6Q10 CATI INSTRUCTION (K6Q10): IF NUMB_SERVICES = 0, THEN SKIP TO K6Q15. 

[IF AGE_NSCH >= 12 MONTHS OLD< "During the past 12 months", ELSE “Since [S.C.]’s 

birth”], did [S.C.]’s doctors or other health care providers ask if you have concerns about [his/her] 

learning, development, or behavior? 

(1) YES 

(0) NO 

(6) DON'T KNOW 

(7) REFUSED 

K6Q11	 CATI INSTRUCTION (K6Q11): IF K6Q01=1 AND ANY OF QUESTIONS K6Q02 - K6Q09 

HAVE A VALUE OF 1 OR 2, ASK K6Q11. 

[IF AGE_NSCH >= 12 MONTHS OLD "During the past 12 months", ELSE “Since [S.C.]’s 

birth”], did [his/her] doctors or other health care providers give you specific information to 

address your concerns about [his/her] learning, development, or behavior? 

(1) YES 

(0) NO 

(6) DON'T KNOW 

(7) REFUSED 

K6Q12 CATI INSTRUCTION (K6Q12): IF AGE_NSCH < 10 MONTHS, SKIP TO K6Q15. 

Sometimes a child’s doctor or other health care provider will ask a parent to fill out a 

questionnaire at home or during their child’s visit. During the past 12 months, did a doctor or 

other health care provider have you fill out a questionnaire about specific concerns or observations 

you may have about [S.C.]’s development, communication, or social behaviors? 

(1) YES 

(0) NO	 [SKIP TO K6Q15] 

(6) DON’T KNOW [SKIP TO K6Q15] 

(7) REFUSED [SKIP TO K6Q15] 

HELP SCREEN (K6Q12): IF ANOTHER PERSON READ THE QUESTIONNAIRE TO 

THE PARENT AND FILLED IN THE ANSWERS FOR THE PARENT, THEN THIS 

QUESTION SHOULD BE ANSWERED YES. BUT IF A DOCTOR OR NURSE JUST 

ASKED ABOUT CONCERNS AND DID NOT FILL OUT A QUESTIONNAIRE, THEN 

THIS QUESTION SHOULD BE ANSWERED NO. 
Series 1, No. 55 □ Page77 

K6Q13A	 CATI INSTRUCTION (K6Q13A): IF AGE_NSCH = 24-71 MONTHS, SKIP TO K6Q14A. 

Did this questionnaire ask about your concerns or observations about how [S.C.] talks or makes 

speech sounds? 

(1) YES 

(0) NO 

(6) DON’T KNOW 

(7) REFUSED 

K6Q13B	 Did this questionnaire ask about your concerns or observations about how [S.C.] interacts with 

you and others? 

(1) YES	 [SKIP TO K6Q15] 

(0) NO	 [SKIP TO K6Q15] 

(6) DON’T KNOW [SKIP TO K6Q15] 

(7) REFUSED [SKIP TO K6Q15] 

K6Q14A	 Did this questionnaire ask about your concerns or observations about words and phrases [S.C.] 

uses and understands? 

(1) YES 

(0) NO 

(6) DON’T KNOW 

(7) REFUSED 

K6Q14B	 Did this questionnaire ask about your concerns or observations about how [S.C.] behaves and gets 

along with you and others? 

(1) YES 

(0) NO 

(6) DON’T KNOW 

(7) REFUSED 

K6Q15	 Does [S.C.] have any developmental problems for which (he/she) has a written intervention plan 

called an [IF AGE_NSCH < 36 MONTHS, INSERT: Individualized Family Services Plan or an 

IFSP?; IF AGE_NSCH ≥ 36 MONTHS, INSERT: Individualized Education Program or IEP?] 

HELP SCREEN (K6Q15): Some young children have developmental delays or other 

problems for which they receive services from a program called Early Intervention Services 

or Special Education. Children receiving these services have a written intervention plan 

called an IFSP if the child is 3 or under, or an IEP if older than about 3 years. Services on 

an IFSP or an IEP might include things such as special instruction; speech language 

therapy; vision and hearing services; psychological services; health services; social work 

services; family counseling and support; transportation; service coordination or other 

services needed to support the child’s development. 

(1) YES 

(0) NO 

(6) DON’T KNOW 

(7) REFUSED 
Series 1, No. 55 □ Page78 

Subdomain 2:	 Child care 

K6Q20	 The next questions are about child care. Does [S.C.] receive care for at least 10 hours per week 

from someone not related to (him/her)? This could be a day care center, preschool, Head Start 

program, nanny, au pair, or any other nonrelative.. 

(1) YES	 [SKIP TO K6Q20B] 

(0) NO	 [SKIP TO K6Q21] 

(6) DON’T KNOW [SKIP TO K6Q21] 

(7) REFUSED [SKIP TO K6Q21] 

HELP SCREEN (K6Q20): Child care should be reported regardless of whether care is paid 

or unpaid, or provided by certified or uncertified providers. Occasional babysitting is not 

included. 

Head Start is a federally-funded program to help young children from low-income families 

get ready for kindergarten and grade school. Children who participate are usually between 

three and five years old, but there are Head Start programs for even younger children. 

K6Q20B	 Was this care provided in your home, in someone else’s home, or in a center such as a school or 

day care facility? [MARK ALL THAT APPLY] 

(1) OWN HOME 

(2) SOMEONE ELSE’S HOME 

(3) CENTER 

(6) DON’T KNOW 

(7) REFUSED 

K6Q21	 CATI INSTRUCTION (K6Q21): IF K1Q02 does not = (01, 02, 11, 12), THEN FILL “you or”. 

Does [S.C.] receive care for at least 10 hours per week from a relative other than (you or) (his/her) 

parents or guardians? 

(1) YES	 [SKIP TO K6Q22] 

(0) NO	 [SKIP TO K6Q25A] 

(6) DON’T KNOW [SKIP TO K6Q25A] 

(7) REFUSED [SKIP TO K6Q25A] 

HELP SCREEN (K6Q21): Child care should be reported regardless of whether care is paid 

or unpaid, or provided by certified or uncertified providers. Occasional babysitting is not 

included. 

K6Q22	 Was this care provided in your home or somewhere else? 

(1) OWN HOME 

(2) SOMEWHERE ELSE 

(3) BOTH / VARIES 

(6) DON’T KNOW 

(7) REFUSED 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Series 1, No. 55 □ Page 79 

K6Q25A CATI INSTRUCTION (K6Q25A): IF K6Q20 = 1 OR K6Q21 = 1, THEN SKIP TO K6Q25B. 

HELP SCREEN: Do not include need for occasional babysitting. 

During the past month, did you need child care for [S.C.]? 

(1) YES 

(0) NO 

(6) DON’T KNOW 

(7) REFUSED 

[SKIP TO K6Q25B] 

[SKIP TO K6Q27] 

[SKIP TO K6Q27] 

[SKIP TO K6Q27] 

K6Q25B CATI INSTRUCTION (K6Q25B): IF SAMPLE CHILD DOES NOT HAVE SPECIAL 

HEALTH CARE NEEDS, SKIP TO K6Q26. (i.e., IF CSHCN = 0, SKIP TO K6Q26) 

Does [S.C.]’s behavior limit your ability to find child care for (him/her)? 

(1) YES 

(0) NO 

(6) DON’T KNOW 

(7) REFUSED 

[SKIP TO K6Q25C] 

[SKIP TO K6Q25C] 

[SKIP TO K6Q25C] 

[SKIP TO K6Q25C] 

K6Q25C Does [S.C.]’s health limit your ability to find child care for (him/her)? 

(1) YES 

(0) NO 

(6) DON’T KNOW 

(7) REFUSED 

K6Q26 During the past month, how many times have you had to make different arrangements for child 

care at the last minute due to circumstances beyond your control? 

___ ___ ___ NUMBER OF TIMES 

DON’T KNOW 

REFUSED 

(996) 

(997) 

HELP SCREEN: EXAMPLES OF CIRCUMSTANCES BEYOND ONE’S CONTROL 

INCLUDE A CHILD BECOMING ILL, OR A CHILD CARE PROVIDER CHANGING 

HIS/HER PLANS OR SCHEDULE SUDDENLY. 

K6Q27 [IF AGE_NSCH >= 12 MONTHS OLD "During the past 12 months", ELSE “Since [S.C]’s 

birth”], did you or anyone in the family have to quit a job, not take a job, or greatly change your 

job because of problems with child care for [S.C.]? 

(1) YES 

(0) NO 

(6) DON’T KNOW 

(7) REFUSED 

[SKIP TO K6Q30] 

[SKIP TO K6Q30] 

[SKIP TO K6Q30] 

[SKIP TO K6Q30] 
Series 1, No. 55 □ Page80 

Subdomain 3: Injuries 

K6Q30 [IF AGE_NSCH >= 12 MONTHS OLD "During the past 12 months", ELSE “Since [S.C.]’s 

birth”] has [S.C.] been injured and required medical attention? 

(1) YES [SKIP TO K6Q31] 

(0) NO [SKIP TO K6Q40] 

(6) DON’T KNOW [SKIP TO K6Q40] 

(7) REFUSED [SKIP TO K6Q40] 

HELP SCREEN (K6Q30): MEDICAL ATTENTION HERE IS NOT LIMITED TO 

EMERGENCY ROOM VISITS, OR ATTENTION THAT REQUIRES A DOCTOR. THIS 

INCLUDES SITUATIONS WHERE THE PARENT IS ABLE TO PROVIDE THE 

MEDICAL ATTENTION THEMSELVES, OR WHERE A CALL IS PLACED TO A 

DOCTOR, BUT THE CARE IS ADMINISTERED BY THE PARENT, ETC. 

K6Q31 Did the injury occur at home, at child-care, or some other place? [MARK ALL THAT APPLY] 

K6Q31X01 Home (1) YES (0) NO (6) DON’T KNOW (7) REFUSED 

K6Q31X02 Child-care (1) YES (0) NO (6) DON’T KNOW (7) REFUSED 

K6Q31X03 Some other place 

 (1) YES (0) NO (6) DON’T KNOW (7) REFUSED 

Subdomain 4: Breastfeeding 

K6Q40 Was [S.C.] ever breastfed or fed breast milk? 

(1) YES [SKIP TO K6Q41] 

(0) NO [SKIP TO K6Q60] 

(6) DON’T KNOW [SKIP TO K6Q60] 

(7) REFUSED [SKIP TO K6Q60] 
 

K6Q41 How old was [he/she] when [he/she] completely stopped breastfeeding or being fed breast milk?
 

ENTER
 

666 FOR STILL BREASTFEEDING 

996 FOR DON'T KNOW 

997 FOR REFUSED 

___ ___ ___ [ENTER NUMBER] [RANGE CHECK: cannot be < AGE_NSCH] 

IF K6Q41 = (666, 996, or 997) [SKIP TO K6Q42]
 

ELSE, GO TO K6Q41A 

K6Q41A [MARK PERIOD]
 

(1) DAYS (2) WEEKS (3) MONTHS
 

(4) YEARS (6) DON’T KNOW (7) REFUSED
 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Series 1, No. 55 □ Page 81 

K6Q42 How old was [S.C.] when [he/she] was first fed formula? 

___ ___ ___ [ENTER NUMBER] 

(555) AT BIRTH 

(666) CHILD HAS NEVER BEEN FED FORMULA 

(996) DON’T KNOW 

(997) REFUSED 

IF K6Q42 IN (555, 666, 996, 997) [SKIP TO K6Q43] 

ELSE, [SKIP TO K6Q42A] 

K6Q42A [MARK PERIOD] 

(1) DAYS 

(4) YEARS 

(2) WEEKS 

(6) DON’T KNOW 

(3) MONTHS 

(7) REFUSED 

K6Q43 This next question is about the first thing that [S.C.] was given other than breast milk or formula. 

Please include juice, cow’s milk, sugar water, baby food, or anything else that [S.C.] might have 

been given, even water. How old was [S.C.] when (he/she) was first fed anything other than 

breast milk or formula? 

___ ___ ___ [ENTER NUMBER] 

(555) AT BIRTH 

(666) CHILD HAS NEVER BEEN FED ANYTHING OTHER THAN BREAST MILK OR 

FORMULA 

(996) DON’T KNOW 

(997) REFUSED 

IF K6Q43 IN (555, 666, 996, 997) [SKIP TO K6Q60] 

ELSE, [SKIP TO K6Q43A] 

K6Q43A [MARK PERIOD] 

(1) DAYS 

(4) YEARS 

(2) WEEKS 

(6) DON’T KNOW 

(3) MONTHS 

(7) REFUSED 

Subdomain 5: Reading, storytelling, singing, watching television, playing, and going out 

K6Q60 During the past week, how many days did you or other family members read to [S.C.]? 

____ ____ NUMBER OF DAYS 

(96) DON’T KNOW 

(97) REFUSED 

[RANGE CHECK: 0-7, 96, 97] 

HELP SCREEN (K6Q60): READING STORIES INCLUDES BOOKS WITH WORDS OR 

PICTURES BUT NOT BOOKS READ BY OR WITH THE ASSISTANCE OF AN AUDIO 

TAPE, RECORD, CD, OR COMPUTER. 
Series 1, No. 55 □ Page82 

K6Q61	 During the past week, how many days did you or other family members tell stories or sing songs 

to [S.C.]? 

____ ____ NUMBER OF DAYS [RANGE CHECK: 0-7, 96, 97] 

(96) DON’T KNOW 

(97) REFUSED 

K6Q63	 During the past week, how many days did [S.C.] play with other children (his/her) age? 

____ ____ NUMBER OF DAYS [RANGE CHECK: 0-7, 96, 97] 

(96) DON’T KNOW 

(97) REFUSED 

K6Q64	 During the past week, how many days did you or any family member take [S.C.] on any kind of 

outing, such as to the park, library, zoo, shopping, church, restaurants, or family gatherings? 

 

___ ___ NUMBER OF DAYS [RANGE CHECK: 0-7, 96, 97] 

(96) DON’T KNOW 

(97) REFUSED 

K6Q65	 On an average weekday, about how much time does [S.C.] usually watch TV or watch videos? 

___ ___ ___ ENTER NUMBER 

(666) DON’T OWN TV OR VIDEO PLAYER 

(996) DON’T KNOW 

(997) REFUSED 

HELP SCREEN (K6Q65): DO NOT INCLUDE TELEVISION OR VIDEO WATCHING 

AT SCHOOL. 

IF K6Q65 IN (000, 666, 996, 997) [SKIP TO K8Q12] 

ELSE, [SKIP TO K6Q65A] 

K6Q65A [MARK PERIOD] 

(1) HOURS 

(2) MINUTES 

(6) DON’T KNOW 

(7) REFUSED 

IF HOURS > 12, OR MINUTES > 720, [DISPLAY WARNING TEXT] 

ELSE, [SKIP TO K8Q12] 

 [WARNING TEXT: THE ANSWER CANNOT BE MORE THAN 12 HOURS OR 720 

 MINUTES A DAY] 
Series 1, No. 55 □ Page83 

Section 7: Middle Childhood and Adolescence (6-17 years) 

Subdomain 1:	 School enrollment and engagement 

K7Q01	 CATI INSTRUCTION (K7Q01): IF CURRENT DATE > 6/01/YYYY AND < 09/01/YYYY 

THEN FILL “During the last school year, what kind of school was [S.C.] enrolled in? Is it a public 

school, private school, or home-school?
 

ELSE FILL “What kind of school is [S.C.] currently enrolled in? Is it a public school, private 

school, or home-school?
 

(1) PUBLIC	 [SKIP TO K7Q02] 

(2) PRIVATE	 [SKIP TO K7Q02] 

(3) HOME-SCHOOLED [SKIP TO K7Q02] 

(4) [S.C.] IS NOT ENROLLED IN SCHOOL. [SKIP TO K7Q01F] 

(6) DON’T KNOW		 [SKIP TO K7Q02] 

(7) REFUSED	 [SKIP TO K7Q02] 

HELP SCREEN (K7Q01): IF THE CHILD WAS ENROLLED IN MORE THAN ONE 

TYPE OF SCHOOL DURING THE CURRENT OR LAST SCHOOL YEAR, ASK THE 

TYPE OF SCHOOL THAT THE CHILD HAS MOST RECENTLY ATTENDED. 

K7Q01F	 At any time during the past 12 months, was [S.C.] enrolled in a public school, a private school, or 

home school? 

(1) YES	 [SKIP TO K7Q02] 

(0) NO	 [SKIP TO K7Q05] 

(6) DON’T KNOW [SKIP TO K7Q05] 

 (7) REFUSED [SKIP TO K7Q05] 

K7Q02	 During the past 12 months, that is since [FILL: CURRENT MONTH, 1 YEAR AGO], about 

how many days did [S.C.] miss school because of illness or injury? 

___ ___ ___ DAYS [RANGE CHECK: 000-180, 555, 666, 996, 997] 

(000) NONE 

(180) ENTIRE SCHOOL YEAR 

(555) HOME SCHOOLED 

(666) DID NOT GO TO SCHOOL 

(996) DON’T KNOW 

(997) REFUSED 

 IF K7Q02 > 20 [SKIP TO K7Q03] 

 ELSE IF K7Q02 IN (555, 666) [SKIP TO K7Q05] 

ELSE [SKIP TO K7Q04] 

K7Q03	 I have [FILL ANSWER FROM K7Q02] days. Is that correct? 

(1) YES	 [SKIP TO K7Q04] 

(0) NO	 [SKIP TO K7Q02] 
Series 1, No. 55 □ Page84 

K7Q04	 CATI INSTRUCTION (K7Q04): IF K7Q01F = 2, 6, or 7, OR K7Q02 = 555, 666, OR K7Q01 = 

3 [I.E., NOT ENROLLED IN PAST 12 MONTHS/HOME-SCHOOLED], SKIP TO K7Q05. 

During the past 12 months, how many times has [S.C.]’s school contacted you or another adult in 

your household about any problems [he/she] is having with school? 

ENTER 96 FOR DON'T KNOW OR 97 FOR REFUSED 

 ____ _____ TIMES [RANGE CHECK: 0-99] 

INTERVIEWER INSTRUCTION: THIS INCLUDES SCHOOL RELATED PROBLEMS 

BUT NOT HEALTH RELATED PROBLEMS. 

K7Q05	 Since starting kindergarten, has [he/she] repeated any grades? 

(1) YES 

(0) NO 

(6) DON’T KNOW 

(7) REFUSED 

 

K7Q11	 Does [S.C.] have a health problem, condition, or disability for which (he/she) has a written 

intervention plan called an Individualized Education Program or IEP? 

HELP SCREEN (K7Q11): Some children have difficulty in school because of a health 

problem, condition, or a disability. These children may receive services from a program 

called Special Education and have a written intervention plan called an Individualized 

Education Program or IEP. Services on an IEP might include things such as special 

instruction; speech language therapy; vision and hearing services; psychological services; 

health services; social work services; family counseling and support; transportation; or 

other services needed to support the child’s educational performance. 

(1) YES 

(0) NO 

(6) DON’T KNOW 

(7) REFUSED 

NSAP	 	 K7Q12* CATI INSTRUCTION (K7Q12): THE NEXT TWO QUESTIONS ARE FOR THE 

BIOLOGICAL PARENT COMPARISON SAMPLE. IF THIS HOUSEHOLD IS NOT PART OF 

THAT SAMPLE, SKIP TO K7Q30. (IF NSAP_CTRL = 0, SKIP TO K7Q30.) 

How would you describe [S.C.]’s school performance in reading and language arts? Would you 

say excellent, very good, good, fair, or poor? 

(1) EXCELLENT 

(2) VERY GOOD 

(3) GOOD 

(4) FAIR 

(5) POOR 

(6) DON’T KNOW 

(7) REFUSED 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Series 1, No. 55 □ Page 85 

K7Q13*NSAP How about [S.C.]’s school performance in math? (READ IF NECESSARY: Would you say 

excellent, very good, good, fair, or poor?) 

(1) EXCELLENT 

(2) VERY GOOD 

(3) GOOD 

(4) FAIR 

(5) POOR 

(6) DON’T KNOW 

(7) REFUSED 

Subdomain 2: After-school activities and parental involvement 

K7Q30 During the past 12 months, was [S.C.] on a sports team or did [he/she] take sports lessons after 

school or on weekends? 

HELP SCREEN (K7Q30): INCLUDE ANY TEAMS RUN BY YOUR CHILD’S SCHOOL 

OR COMMUNITY GROUPS. 

(1) YES 

(0) NO 

(6) DON’T KNOW 

(7) REFUSED 

K7Q31 During the past 12 months, did [he/she] participate in any clubs or organizations after school or on 

weekends? 

HELP SCREEN (K7Q31): EXAMPLES OF CLUBS OR ORGANIZATIONS ARE 

SCOUTS, ARTS, RELIGIOUS GROUPS, AND BOYS/GIRLS CLUBS. 

(1) YES 

(0) NO 

(6) DON’T KNOW 

(7) REFUSED 

K7Q32 CATI INSTRUCTION (K7Q32): IF K7Q30 = 1 OR K7Q31 = 1, THEN SKIP TO K7Q33. 

During the past 12 months, did [he/she] participate in any other organized events or activities? 

HELP SCREEN (K7Q32): THIS QUESTION CAN INCLUDE ORGANIZED LESSONS IN 

MUSIC, DANCE, FOREIGN LANGUAGES, PERFORMING ARTS, COMPUTERS, ETC. 

(1) YES 

(0) NO 

(6) DON’T KNOW 

(7) REFUSED 

[SKIP TO K7Q34] 

[SKIP TO K7Q34] 

[SKIP TO K7Q34] 
Series 1, No. 55 □ Page86 

K7Q33 During the past 12 months, how often did you attend events or activities that [S.C.] participated 

in? Would you say never, sometimes, usually or always? 

(1) NEVER 

(2) SOMETIMES 

(3) USUALLY 

(4) ALWAYS 

(6) DON'T KNOW 

(7) REFUSED 

K7Q34 Regarding [S.C.]’s friends, would you say that you have met all of [his/her] friends, most of 

[his/her] friends, some of [his/her] friends, or none of [his/her] friends? 

(1) ALL OF [HIS/HER] FRIENDS 

(2) MOST OF [HIS/HER] FRIENDS 

(3) SOME OF [HIS/HER] FRIENDS 

(4) NONE OF [HIS/HER] FRIENDS 

(5) CHILD HAS NO FRIENDS 

(6) DON’T KNOW 

(7) REFUSED 

K7Q35 CATI INSTRUCTION (K7Q35): IF AGE_NSCH ≥ 144 MONTHS (12 YEARS), SKIP TO 

K7Q37. 

Sometimes it is difficult to make arrangements to look after children all the time. During the past 

week, did [S.C.] take care of (himself/herself) or stay alone without an adult or teenager, even for 

a small amount of time? 

(1) YES [SKIP TO K7Q36] 

(0) NO [SKIP TO K7Q40] 

(6) DON’T KNOW [SKIP TO K7Q40] 

(7) REFUSED [SKIP TO K7Q40] 

 

K7Q36 During the past week, how many hours did [S.C] take care of (himself/herself)? 

__ __ __ NUMBER OF HOURS [RANGE CHECK: 001-168, 666, 996, 997] 

(666) MORE THAN ZERO, LESS THAN 1 HOUR 

(996) DON’T KNOW 

(997) REFUSED 

K7Q37 CATI INSTRUCTION (K7Q37): IF AGE_NSCH < 144 MONTHS, SKIP TO K7Q40. 

During the past 12 months, how often has [S.C.] been involved in any type of community service 

or volunteer work at school, church, or in the community? Would you say once a week or more, a 

few times a month, a few times a year, or never? 

(1) ONCE A WEEK OR MORE 

(2) A FEW TIMES A MONTH 

(3) A FEW TIMES A YEAR 

(4) NEVER 

(6) DON’T KNOW 

(7) REFUSED 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Series 1, No. 55 □ Page 87 

K7Q38 During the past week, did [S.C.] earn money from any work, including regular jobs as well as 

babysitting, cutting grass, or other occasional work? 

(1) YES 

(0) NO 

(6) DON’T KNOW 

(7) REFUSED 

[SKIP TO K7Q39] 

[SKIP TO K7Q40] 

[SKIP TO K7Q40] 

[SKIP TO K7Q40] 

HELP SCREEN (K7Q38): DO NOT INCLUDE HOUSEHOLD CHORES. 

K7Q39 During the past week, how many hours did [S.C.] work for pay? 

__ __ __ NUMBER OF HOURS [RANGE CHECK: 000-168, 666, 996, 997] 

(666) MORE THAN ZERO, LESS THAN 1 HOUR 

(996) DON’T KNOW 

(997) REFUSED 

Subdomain 3: Sleep and exercise 

K7Q40 During the past week, on how many nights did [S.C.] get enough sleep for a child (his/her) age? 

____ ____ NUMBER OF NIGHTS 

(96) DON’T KNOW 

(97) REFUSED 

[RANGE CHECK: 00-07, 96, 97] 

HELP SCREEN (K7Q40): “Enough sleep” is whatever you define it as for this child. 

K7Q41 During the past week, on how many days did [S.C.] exercise, play a sport, or participate in 

physical activity for at least 20 minutes that made [him/her] sweat and breathe hard? 

____ ____ NUMBER OF DAYS 

(96) DON’T KNOW 

(97) REFUSED 

[RANGE CHECK: 00-07, 96, 97] 

HELP SCREEN: Include active sports such as baseball, softball, basketball, swimming, 

soccer, tennis, or football; riding a bike or rollerskating; walking or jogging; jumping rope; 

gymnastics; and active dance such as ballet. 
Series 1, No. 55 □ Page88 

Subdomain 4:	 Reading and computing 

K7Q50	 On an average weekday, about how much time does [he/she] usually spend reading for pleasure? 

___ ___ ___ ENTER NUMBER 

(666) CHILD CANT READ 

(996) DON’T KNOW 

(997) REFUSED 

HELP SCREEN: TIME SPENT READING INCLUDES THE TIME A CHILD SPENDS 

READING TO THEMSELVES OR BEING READ TO BY ANOTHER PERSON. IT DOES 

NOT INCLUDE TIME SPENT LISTENING TO BOOKS READ BY OR WITH THE 

ASSISTANCE OF AN AUDIO TAPE, RECORD, CD, OR COMPUTER. 

IF K7Q50 IN (000, 666, 996, 997) [SKIP TO K7Q51] 

ELSE, [SKIP TO K7Q50A] 

K7Q50A [MARK PERIOD] 

(1) HOURS (2) MINUTES 

(6) DON’T KNOW (7) REFUSED 

IF HOURS > 12, OR MINUTES > 720, [DISPLAY WARNING TEXT] 

ELSE, [SKIP TO K7Q51] 

[WARNING TEXT: THE ANSWER CANNOT BE MORE THAN 12 HOURS OR 720 

MINUTES A DAY] 

K7Q51	 On an average weekday, about how much time does [S.C.] use a computer for purposes other than 

schoolwork? 

___ ___ ___ ENTER NUMBER 

(666) DON’T OWN COMPUTER 

(996) DON’T KNOW 

(997) REFUSED 

IF K7Q51 IN (000, 666, 996, 997) [SKIP TO K7Q60] 

ELSE, [SKIP TO K7Q51A] 

K7Q51A	 [MARK PERIOD] 

(1) HOURS (2) MINUTES 

(6) DON’T KNOW (7) REFUSED 

IF HOURS > 12, OR MINUTES > 720, [DISPLAY WARNING TEXT]
 

ELSE, [SKIP TO K7Q60] 
 

 [WARNING TEXT: THE ANSWER CANNOT BE MORE THAN 12 HOURS OR 720 
 

 MINUTES A DAY]
 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Series 1, No. 55 □ Page 89 

Subdomain 5: Television 

K7Q60 On an average weekday, about how much time does [S.C.] usually watch TV, watch videos, or 

play video games? 

___ ___ ___ ENTER NUMBER 

(666) DON’T OWN TV, VIDEO PLAYER, OR VIDEO GAMES 

(996) DON’T KNOW 

(997) REFUSED 

HELP SCREEN (K7Q60): DO NOT INCLUDE TELEVISION OR VIDEO WATCHING 

AT SCHOOL. 

IF K7Q60 IN (000, 996, 997) 

IF K7Q60 = 666 

ELSE, 

[SKIP TO K7Q61] 

[SKIP TO K7Q70_INTRO] 

[SKIP TO K7Q60A] 

K7Q60A [MARK PERIOD] 

(1) HOURS 

(6) DON’T KNOW 

(2) MINUTES 

(7) REFUSED 

IF HOURS > 12, OR MINUTES > 720, [DISPLAY WARNING TEXT] 

ELSE, [SKIP TO K7Q61] 

[WARNING TEXT: THE ANSWER CANNOT BE MORE THAN 12 HOURS OR 720 

MINUTES A DAY] 

K7Q61 Are there family rules about what television programs [he/she] is allowed to watch? 

(1) YES 

(0) NO 

(6) DON’T KNOW 

(7) REFUSED 

K7Q62 Is there a television in [S.C.]’s bedroom? 

(1) YES 

(0) NO 

(6) DON’T KNOW 

(7) REFUSED 
Series 1, No. 55 □ Page90 

Subdomain 6: Social behavior, emotional difficulties, and school engagement 

K7Q70_INTRO	 I am going to read a list of items that sometimes describe children. For each item, please tell me 

how often this was true for [S.C.] during the past month. Would you say never, rarely, sometimes, 

usually, or always? 

QUESTION STEM: [Please tell me if this statement was never, rarely, sometimes, usually, or 

always true for [S.C.] during the past month.] 

(1) NEVER 

(2) RARELY 

(3) SOMETIMES 

(4) USUALLY 

(5) ALWAYS 

(6) DON’T KNOW 

(7) REFUSED 

 [CATI: DISPLAY QUESTION STEM FOR EACH OF THE FOLLOWING SCREENS.] 

K7Q70 [He/She] argues too much.
 

K7Q71 [He/She] bullies or is cruel or mean to others.
 

K7Q72 [He/She] shows respect for teachers and neighbors.
 

K7Q73 [He/She] gets along well with other children.
 

K7Q74 [He/She] is disobedient. 

K7Q75 [He/She] is stubborn, sullen, or irritable.
 

K7Q76 [He/She] tries to understand other people’s feelings.
	

K7Q77 [He/She] tries to resolve conflicts with classmates, family, or friends.
 

K7Q78 [He/She] feels worthless or inferior.
 

K7Q79 [He/She] is unhappy, sad, or depressed.
 

K7Q80 [He/She] is withdrawn, and does not get involved with others.
 

K7Q82 [He/She] cares about doing well in school.
 

K7Q83 [He/She] does all required homework. 
 
Series 1, No. 55 □ Page91 

Section 8: Family Functioning 

Subdomain 1: Family activities 

K8Q12 About how often does [S.C.] attend a religious service? 

____ ____ ____ [ENTER NUMBER] 

(0) NEVER OR ZERO TIMES OR DOES NOT ATTEND 

(996) DON’T KNOW 

(997) REFUSED 

IF K8Q12 IN (0, 996, 997) [SKIP TO K8Q11] 

ELSE, [SKIP TO K8Q12A] 

K8Q12A [MARK PERIOD] 

(1) PER DAY (2) PER WEEK (3) PER MONTH 

(4) PER YEAR (6) DON’T KNOW (7) REFUSED 

K8Q11	 During the past week, on how many days did all the family members who live in the household eat 

a meal together? 

____ ____ DAYS [RANGE CHECK: 00-07, 96, 97] 

(96) DON’T KNOW 

(97) REFUSED 

Subdomain 2:	 Parent/child relationship 

K8Q21	 CATI INSTRUCTION (K8Q21): IF AGE_NSCH < 72 MONTHS (6 YEARS), SKIP TO 

K8Q22. 

How well can you and [S.C.] share ideas or talk about things that really matter? Would you say 

very well, somewhat well, not very well, or not very well at all? 

(1) VERY WELL 

(2) SOMEWHAT WELL 

(3) NOT VERY WELL 

(4) NOT VERY WELL AT ALL 

(6) DON’T KNOW 

(7) REFUSED 
 

	 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

	 

 

 

 

 

 

	 

 

 

 

 

 

	 

 

 

 

 

 

Series 1, No. 55 □ Page 92 

K8Q22*NSAP	 CATI INSTRUCTION (K8Q22): THE NEXT FIVE QUESTIONS ARE FOR THE 

BIOLOGICAL PARENT COMPARISON SAMPLE. IF THIS HOUSEHOLD IS NOT PART OF 

THAT SAMPLE, SKIP TO K8Q30. 

How would you describe your relationship to [S.C.]? Would you say: 

(1) VERY WARM AND CLOSE 

(2) SOMEWHAT WARM AND CLOSE 

(3) SOMEWHAT DISTANT, OR 

(4) VERY DISTANT 

(6) DON’T KNOW 

(7) REFUSED 

K8Q23*NSAP CATI INSTRUCTION (K8Q23): IF AGE_NSCH < 6 MONTHS, SKIP TO K8Q30. 

How often is [S.C.] affectionate or tender with you? Would you say: 

(1) NEVER (2) RARELY (3) SOMETIMES 

(4) USUALLY (5) ALWAYS 

(6) DON’T KNOW (7) REFUSED 

K8Q2 4*NSAP CATI INSTRUCTION (K8Q24): IF AGE_NSCH_Y < 5 YEARS, SKIP TO K8Q30. 

During the past month, how often have you felt that you just did not understand [S.C.]? Would 

you say never, rarely, sometimes, usually, or always? 

(1) NEVER (2) RARELY (3) SOMETIMES 

(4) USUALLY (5) ALWAYS 

(6) DON’T KNOW (7) REFUSED 

K8Q25*NSAP	 During the past month, how often have you felt that you can really trust [S.C.]? Would you say 

never, rarely, sometimes, usually, or always? 

(1) NEVER (2) RARELY (3) SOMETIMES 

(4) USUALLY (5) ALWAYS 

(6) DON’T KNOW (7) REFUSED 

K8Q26*NSAP CATI INSTRUCTION (K8Q26): IF AGE_NSCH_Y < 13 YEARS, SKIP TO K8Q30. 

Do you feel that [S.C.] and you make decisions about (his/her) life together? Would you say 

never, rarely, sometimes, usually, or always? 

(1) NEVER (2) RARELY (3) SOMETIMES 

(4) USUALLY (5) ALWAYS 

(6) DON’T KNOW (7) REFUSED 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Series 1, No. 55 □ Page 93 

Subdomain 3: Family stress 

K8Q30 CATI INSTRUCTION (K8Q30): IF K1Q02 = (1) Mother OR (0) FATHER FILL “parenthood”. 

ELSE FILL “raising children”. 

In general, how well do you feel you are coping with the day to day demands of parenthood? 

Would you say that you are coping very well, somewhat well, not very well, or not well at all? 

(1) VERY WELL 

(2) SOMEWHAT WELL 

(3) NOT VERY WELL 

(4) NOT VERY WELL AT ALL 

(6) DON’T KNOW 

(7) REFUSED 

K8Q31 During the past month, how often have you felt [S.C.] is much harder to care for than most 

children (his/her) age? Would you say never, rarely, sometimes, usually, or always? 

(1) NEVER 

(4) USUALLY 

(6) DON’T KNOW 

(2) RARELY 

(5) ALWAYS 

(7) REFUSED 

(3) SOMETIMES 

K8Q32 During the past month, how often have you felt [he/she] does things that really bother you a lot? 

[READ IF NECESSARY: Would you say never, rarely sometimes, usually, or always?] 

(1) NEVER 

(4) USUALLY 

(6) DON’T KNOW 

(2) RARELY 

(5) ALWAYS 

(7) REFUSED 

(3) SOMETIMES 

K8Q34 During the past month, how often have you felt angry with [him/her]? 

[READ IF NECESSARY: Would you say never, rarely, sometimes, usually, or always?] 

(1) NEVER 

(4) USUALLY 

(6) DON’T KNOW 

(2) RARELY 

(5) ALWAYS 

(7) REFUSED 

(3) SOMETIMES 

K8Q35 CATI INSTRUCTION (K8Q35): IF K1Q02 = (1) Mother OR (2) FATHER FILL “parenthood”. 

ELSE FILL “raising children”. 

Is there someone that you can turn to for day-to-day emotional help with [parenthood/raising 

children]? 

(1) YES 

(0) NO 

(6) DON’T KNOW 

(7) REFUSED 

HELP SCREEN (K8Q35): THIS CAN BE ANY PERSON, INCLUDING THEIR SPOUSE. 
Series 1, No. 55 □ Page94 

Section 9: Parental Health 

Subdomain 1:	 Household composition and nonresident parents 

K9Q00	 Including the adults and all the children, how many people live in this household? 

 ____ ____ [RANGE: 02-18, 96, 97] 

 (96) DON’T KNOW 

 (97) REFUSED 

 

 Answer must be > S_UNDR18 to proceed. 

HELP SCREEN (K9Q00): EACH PERSON IN THE HOUSEHOLD MUST BE A CURRENT 

RESIDENT OF THE HOUSEHOLD. A CURRENT RESIDENCE IS DEFINED AS A PLACE 

WHERE THE PERSON IS STAYING FOR MORE THAN TWO MONTHS AT THE TIME OF THE 

SURVEY CONTACT. IF A PERSON HAS NO PLACE WHERE HE OR SHE USUALLY STAYS, 

THE PERSON SHOULD BE CONSIDERED A CURRENT RESIDENT REGARDLESS OF THE 

LENGTH OF THE CURRENT STAY. 

PERSONS AWAY FROM THEIR RESIDENCE FOR TWO MONTHS OR LESS, WHETHER 

TRAVELING OR IN THE HOSPITAL, ARE CONSIDERED “IN RESIDENCE.” 

PERSONS AWAY FROM THEIR RESIDENCE FOR MORE THAN TWO MONTHS ARE 

CONSIDERED “NOT IN RESIDENCE” UNLESS THE PERSON IS AWAY AT SCHOOL (I.E., 

BOARDING SCHOOL, MILITARY ACADEMY, PREP SCHOOL, ETC.). 

CHILDREN WHO ONLY LIVE PART-TIME IN THE HOUSEHOLD BECAUSE OF CUSTODY 

ISSUES SHOULD BE INCLUDED IF THEY ARE STAYING THERE WHEN CONTACT WITH 

THE HOUSEHOLD IS MADE. 

K9Q10_INTRO	 The next few questions are about [S.C.]’s parents. Before I ask them, I need to know which 

parents live in this household with (S.C). 

K9Q10	 CATI INSTRUCTION (K9Q10): IF K1Q02 IS NOT MOTHER (1) OR FATHER (2), SKIP TO 

K9Q11. IF K1Q02 = 1, REMOVE RESPONSE CATEGORIES 05-08. ELSE IF K1Q02 = 2, 

REMOVE RESPONSE CATEGORIES 01-04. 

Earlier you told me you are [S.C.]’s (Mother/Father). Are you [S.C.]’s biological, adoptive, step, 

or foster (mother/father)]? 

(1) BIOLOGICAL MOTHER 

(2) STEP MOTHER 

(3) FOSTER MOTHER 

(4) ADOPTIVE MOTHER 

(5) BIOLOGICAL FATHER 

(6) STEP FATHER 

(7) FOSTER FATHER 

(8) ADOPTIVE FATHER 

(9) OTHER 

(96) DON’T KNOW 

(97) REFUSED 
Series 1, No. 55 □ Page95 

K9Q11	 CATI INSTRUCTION (K9Q11): IF K1Q02 = 1 OR 2, AND K9Q00 = S_UNDR18 + 1 [I.E., IF 

THERE IS ONLY ONE ADULT IN HOUSEHOLD AND THAT ADULT IS A MOTHER OR 

FATHER], SKIP TO K9Q12_A. 

IF K1Q02= 1, 2, 96, OR 97, DO NOT READ THE 

FIRST SENTENCE. ELSE, FILL THE FIRST SENTENCE ACCORDING TO THE 

FOLLOWING RULES: 

IF K1Q02= 3, 4, FILL ‘sibling’;
	
	

IF K1Q02= 5, 6, 7, 9 FILL ‘relative’;
	

IF K1Q02= 8, FILL ‘grandparent’; 

IF K1Q02= 10, FILL ‘friend’;
	

IF K1Q02= 10, 11, 12 FILL ‘guardian’;
	

IF K1Q02 = 1 OR 2, FILL THE SECOND SENTENCE WITH THE FIRST “other”.
	

IF K1Q02 NE 1 OR 2, FILL THE SECOND SENTENCE WITH THE SECOND “other.”
	
	

[Earlier you told me you are [S.C.]’s (ANSWER TO K1Q02).] Does [S.C.] have any (other) 

parents, or (other) people who act as (his/her) parents, living here? 

(1) YES 

(0) NO [SKIP TO K9Q12_A] 

(6) DON’T KNOW [SKIP TO K9Q12_A] 

(7) REFUSED [SKIP TO K9Q12_A] 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Series 1, No. 55 □ Page 96 

K9Q12 What is their relationship to [S.C.]? [MARK ALL THAT APPLY.] 

HELP SCREEN (K9Q12): IF RESPONDENT ANSWERS “MOTHER” OR “FATHER,” 

THEN ASK: ‘Is that (his/her) biological, adoptive, step, or foster (mother/father)?’ 

[MORE THAN ONE OPTION CAN BE SELECTED IF BETWEEN 1 AND 19, BUT 6 AND 

7 MUST BE SELECTED ALONE]
 

IF K9Q10=1 AND K9Q12 = 1, THEN DISPLAY WARNING TEXT 2.
 

IF K9Q10=5 AND K9Q12 = 5, THEN DISPLAY WARNING TEXT 2.
 

WARNING TEXT 2: SELECTED CHILD CAN NOT HAVE TWO BIOLOGICAL
 

MOTHERS OR TWO BIOLOGICAL FATHERS. CONFIRM RESPONSES FOR THE
 

LAST THREE QUESTIONS.
 

[Return to K9Q12]
 

IF NUMBER OF SELECTIONS IN K9Q12 > K9Q00 - S_UNDR18), GO TO K9Q12_CONF
 

ELSE [SKIP TO K9Q12_A]
 

K9Q12X01 BIOLOGICAL MOTHER 

K9Q12X02 STEP MOTHER 

K9Q12X03 FOSTER MOTHER 

K9Q12X04 ADOPTIVE MOTHER 

K9Q12X05 BIOLOGICAL FATHER 

K9Q12X06 STEP FATHER 

K9Q12X07 FOSTER FATHER 

K9Q12X08 ADOPTIVE FATHER 

K9Q12X09 SISTER OR BROTHER (STEP/FOSTER/HALF/ADOPTIVE) 

K9Q12X10 IN-LAW OF ANY TYPE 

K9Q12X11 AUNT/UNCLE 

K9Q12X12 GRANDMOTHER 

K9Q12X13 GRANDFATHER 

K9Q12X14 OTHER FAMILY MEMBER 

K9Q12X15 FEMALE GUARDIAN 

K9Q12X16 MALE GUARDIAN 

K9Q12X17 RESPONDENT’S PARTNER OR BOY/GIRLFRIEND 

K9Q12X18 OTHER NON-RELATIVE 

K9Q12X19 TWO OR MORE OF THE SAME RELATIONSHIP TYPE 

(1) YES (0) NO (6) DON’T KNOW (7) REFUSED 

IF NUMBER OF SELECTIONS IN K9Q12 INDEX > K9Q00 - S_UNDR18), 

[DISPLAY WARNING TEXT] 

ELSE IF K9Q12X19 = 1, [SKIP TO K9Q12_T] 

ELSE [SKIP TO K9Q12_A] 
Series 1, No. 55 □ Page97 

K9Q12_CONF	 IF K9Q10 = (1,2,3,4,5,6,7, or 8) then DISPLAY: Just to confirm, you're the [FILL RESPONSE 

FROM K9Q10], and your child's [FILL ALL RESPONSES FROM K9Q12, WITH "AND" 

BEFORE THE LAST RESPONSE] also live in the household? 

ELSE DISPLAY: Just to confirm, your child's [FILL ALL RESPONSES FROM K9Q12, WITH 

"AND" BEFORE THE LAST RESPONSE] live in the household? 

(1) YES, CONTINUE 

(0) NO 

(6) DON’T KNOW 

(7) REFUSED 

IF K9Q12 = 19, [SKIP TO K9Q12_T], ELSE SKIP TO K9Q12_A 

K9Q12_T	 ENTER RELATIVE OR RELATIVES_______________________________. 

ENTER THE NUMBER AND TYPE OF PERSON REPORTED. FOR EXAMPLE: “2 

BROTHERS”. IF ONE OF THE RELATIVES IS ALREADY LISTED IN THE PICKLIST, DO 

NOT INCLUDE AGAIN HERE. 

K9Q12_A	 CATI INSTRUCTION (K9Q12_A): IF ANY BIOLOGICAL MOTHER OR BIOLOGICAL 

FATHER IN HH [(K9Q10 = 1 OR K9Q10 = 5) OR (K9Q12=1 OR K9Q12=5)], SKIP TO K9Q16. 

IF RESPONDENT IS ADOPTIVE MOTHER OR ADOPTIVE FATHER (K9Q10 = 4 OR K9Q10 

= 8), SKIP TO K9Q16. 

ELSE, ASK K9Q12_A 

Have you legally adopted [S.C.]? 

(1) YES 

(0) NO 

(6) DON’T KNOW 

(7) REFUSED 

K9Q16	 CATI INSTRUCTION (K9Q16): IF K1Q02 = 1 OR ANY VALUE FOR K9Q12X01-

K9Q12X04 = 1 (K9Q12 = 1, 2, 3, or 4), ASK K9Q16. ELSE, SKIP TO K9Q17A. 

IF K1Q02 = 1, FILL “are you”. ELSE, FILL “is [S.C.]’s [MOTHER TYPE]” 

How old [are you / is [S.C.]’s [MOTHER TYPE]]? 

____ ____ YEARS	 [RANGE CHECK: 18-99, 996, 997] 

(996) DON’T KNOW 

(997) REFUSED 

HELP SCREEN (K9Q16): AT THIS QUESTION, COLLECT INFORMATION ABOUT 

THE MOTHER (BIOLOGICAL, STEP, FOSTER, ADOPTIVE) LIVING IN THIS HOUSE. 
Series 1, No. 55 □ Page98 

K9Q17A	 CATI INSTRUCTION (K9Q17A): IF HOUSEHOLD INCLUDES A MOTHER (K1Q02 = 1 

OR ANY VALUE FOR K9Q12X01-K9Q12X04 = 1) AND A FATHER (K1Q02 = 2 OR ANY 

VALUE FOR K9Q12X05-K9Q12X08 = 1), ASK K9Q17A. ELSE, SKIP TO K9Q17B. 

IF THE RESPONDENT IS THE MOTHER (K1Q02 = 1), THEN READ: Are you and [S.C.]’s 

[FATHER TYPE] currently married or living together as partners? 

IF THE RESPONDENT IS THE FATHER (K1Q02 = 2), THEN READ: Are you and [S.C.]’s 

[MOTHER TYPE] currently married or living together as partners? 

IF THE RESPONDENT IS NEITHER THE MOTHER NOR THE FATHER, THEN READ: Are 

[S.C.]’s [MOTHER TYPE] and [FATHER TYPE] currently married or living together as 

partners? 

(1) MARRIED [SKIP TO K9Q18] 

(2) LIVING TOGETHER AS PARTNERS [SKIP TO K9Q18] 

(3) NOT MARRIED AND NOT LIVING TOGETHER AS PARTNERS [SKIP TO K9Q20] 

(6) DON’T KNOW		 [SKIP TO K9Q20] 

(7) REFUSED [SKIP TO K9Q20] 

K9Q17B	 CATI INSTRUCTION (K9Q17B): IF HOUSEHOLD INCLUDES A MOTHER (K1Q02 = 1 

OR ANY VALUE FOR K9Q12X01-K9Q12X04 = 1) BUT NOT A FATHER (NO VALUE FOR 

K9Q12X05-K9Q12X08 = 1), ASK K9Q17B. ELSE, SKIP TO K9Q17C. 

IF THE RESPONDENT IS THE MOTHER (K1Q02 = 1), THEN READ: Are you currently 

married, separated, divorced, widowed, or never married? 

IF THE RESPONDENT IS NOT THE MOTHER, THEN READ: Is [S.C.]’s [MOTHER TYPE] 

currently married, separated, divorced, widowed, or never married? 

(1) MARRIED [SKIP TO K9Q17B_1] 

(2) SEPARATED [SKIP TO K9Q17B_3] 

(3) DIVORCED [SKIP TO K9Q17B_3] 

(4) WIDOWED [SKIP TO K9Q17B_3] 

(5) NEVER MARRIED [SKIP TO K9Q17B_3] 

(6) DON’T KNOW [SKIP TO K9Q17B_3] 

(7) REFUSED [SKIP TO K9Q17B_3] 

K9Q17B_1	 CATI INSTRUCTION (K9Q17B_1): IF MOTHER TYPE IS FOSTER OR ADOPTIVE 

(K9Q10 = 3 OR 4, OR K9Q12X03 = 1, OR K9Q12X04 = 1), THEN SKIP TO K9Q18. ELSE, IF 

RESPONDENT IS THE MOTHER (K1Q02 = 1) FILL “Are you”; ELSE FILL “Is [S.C.]’S 

[MOTHER TYPE]”. 

(Are you / Is [S.C.]’s [MOTHER TYPE]) married to [S.C.]’s biological father? 

(1) YES 

(0) NO [SKIP TO K9Q18] 

(6) DON’T KNOW [SKIP TO K9Q18] 

(7) REFUSED [SKIP TO K9Q18] 
Series 1, No. 55 □ Page99 

K9Q17B_2	 CATI INSTRUCTION (K9Q17B_2): IF K9Q17B_1 = 1 THEN FILL “(S.C)’s biological 

father”. IF K9Q17B_1 = (0,6,7,<NULL>) AND K1Q02 = 1 THEN FILL “your spouse”. ELSE 

FILL “[S.C.]’s [MOTHER TYPE]’s spouse”. 

Why doesn’t [(S.C)’s biological father/your spouse/[S.C.]’s [MOTHER TYPE]’s spouse] 

currently live in the household? 

 ENTER REASON: ______________________________________________ [SKIP TO K9Q18] 

K9Q17B_3	 CATI INSTRUCTION (K9Q17B_3): IF RESPONDENT IS THE MOTHER (K1Q02 = 1) FILL 

“Are you”; ELSE FILL “Is [S.C.]’S [MOTHER TYPE]”. 

(Are you / Is [S.C.]’s [MOTHER TYPE]) currently living with a partner? 

(1) YES	 [SKIP TO K9Q18] 

(0) NO	 [SKIP TO K9Q20] 

(6) DON’T KNOW [SKIP TO K9Q20] 

(7) REFUSED [SKIP TO K9Q20] 

K9Q17C	 CATI INSTRUCTION (K9Q17C): IF HOUSEHOLD INCLUDES A FATHER (K1Q02 = 2 OR 

ANY VALUE FOR K9Q12X05-K9Q12X08 = 1) BUT NOT A MOTHER (NO VALUE FOR 

K9Q12X01-K9Q12X04 = 1), ASK K9Q17C. ELSE, SKIP TO K9Q17D. 

IF THE RESPONDENT IS THE FATHER (K1Q02 = 2), THEN READ: Are you currently 

married, separated, divorced, widowed, or never married? 

IF THE RESPONDENT IS NOT THE FATHER, THEN READ: Is [S.C.]’s [FATHER TYPE] 

currently married, separated, divorced, widowed, or never married? 

(1) MARRIED [SKIP TO K9Q17C_1] 

(2) SEPARATED [SKIP TO K9Q17C_3] 

(3) DIVORCED [SKIP TO K9Q17C_3] 

(4) WIDOWED [SKIP TO K9Q17C_3] 

(5) NEVER MARRIED [SKIP TO K9Q17C_3] 

(6) DON’T KNOW [SKIP TO K9Q17C_3] 

(7) REFUSED [SKIP TO K9Q17C_3] 

K9Q17C_1	 CATI INSTRUCTION (K9Q17C_1): IF FATHER TYPE IS FOSTER OR ADOPTIVE (K9Q10 

= 7 OR 8, OR K9Q12X07 = 1, OR K9Q12X08 = 1), THEN SKIP TO K9Q18. ELSE, IF 

RESPONDENT IS THE FATHER (K1Q02 = 2) FILL “Are you”; ELSE FILL “Is [S.C.]’S 

[FATHER TYPE]”. 

(Are you / Is [S.C.]’s [FATHER TYPE]) married to [S.C.]’s biological mother? 

(1) YES 

(0) NO	 [SKIP TO K9Q18] 

(6) DON’T KNOW [SKIP TO K9Q18] 

(7) REFUSED [SKIP TO K9Q18] 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Series 1, No. 55 □ Page 100 

K9Q17C_2 CATI INSTRUCTION (K9Q17C_2): IF K9Q17C_1 = 1 THEN FILL “(S.C)’s biological 

mother”. IF K9Q17B_1 = (0,6,7) AND K1Q02 = 2 THEN FILL “your spouse”. ELSE FILL 

“[S.C.]’s [FATHER TYPE]’s spouse”. 

Why doesn’t [(S.C)’s biological mother/your spouse/[S.C.]’s [FATHER TYPE]’s spouse] 

currently live in the household? 

ENTER REASON: ______________________________________________ [SKIP TO K9Q18] 

K9Q17C_3 CATI INSTRUCTION (K9Q17C_3): IF RESPONDENT IS THE FATHER (K1Q02 = 2) FILL 

“Are you”; ELSE FILL “Is [S.C.]’S [FATHER TYPE]”. 

(Are you / Is [S.C.]’s [FATHER TYPE]) currently living with a partner? 

(1) YES 

(0) NO 

(6) DON’T KNOW 

(7) REFUSED 

[SKIP TO K9Q18] 

[SKIP TO K9Q20] 

[SKIP TO K9Q20] 

[SKIP TO K9Q20] 

K9Q17D Are you currently married, separated, divorced, widowed, or never married? 

(1) MARRIED 

(2) SEPARATED 

(3) DIVORCED 

(4) WIDOWED 

(5) NEVER MARRIED 

(6) DON’T KNOW 

(7) REFUSED 

[SKIP TO K9Q17D_1] 

[SKIP TO K9Q17D_3] 

[SKIP TO K9Q17D_3] 

[SKIP TO K9Q17D_3] 

[SKIP TO K9Q17D_3] 

[SKIP TO K9Q17D_3] 

[SKIP TO K9Q17D_3] 

K9Q17D_1 Does your spouse currently live in the household with [S.C.]? 

(1) YES 

(0) NO 

(6) DON’T KNOW 

(7) REFUSED 

[SKIP TO K9Q18] 

[SKIP TO K9Q17D_2] 

[SKIP TO K9Q18] 

[SKIP TO K9Q18] 

K9Q17D_2 Why doesn’t your spouse currently live in the household? 

ENTER REASON: ______________________________________________ [SKIP TO K9Q18] 

K9Q17D_3 Are you currently living with a partner? 

(1) YES 

(0) NO 

(6) DON’T KNOW 

(7) REFUSED 

[SKIP TO K9Q18] 

[SKIP TO K9Q20] 

[SKIP TO K9Q20] 

[SKIP TO K9Q20] 
Series 1, No. 55 □ Page101 

K9Q18	 CATI INSTRUCTION (K9Q18): 

IF K9Q17A = (1,2,3,6,7) AND K1Q02 = 1, or
 

IF K9Q17A = (1,2,3,6,7) AND K1Q02 = 2, or
 

IF K9Q17B = 1 AND K1Q02 = 1 AND K9Q17B_1 = 1, or
 

IF K9Q17B = 1 AND K1Q02 = 1 AND K9Q17B_1 ≠ 1, or 

IF K9Q17B_3 = 1 AND K1Q02 = 1, or
 

IF K9Q17C = 1 AND K1Q02 = 2 AND K9Q17C_1 = 1, or
 

IF K9Q17C = 1 AND K1Q02 = 2 AND K9Q17C_1 ≠ 1, or 

IF K9Q17C_3 = 1 AND K1Q02 = 2, or
 

IF K9Q17D = 1, or
 

IF K9Q17D_3 = 1,
 

THEN FILL WITH “your spouse or partner”. 

IF NONE OF THE ABOVE IS TRUE, SKIP TO K9Q20. 

The next question is about your relationship with [TEXTFILL]. Would you say that your 

relationship is completely happy, very happy, fairly happy, or not too happy? 

(1) COMPLETELY HAPPY 

(2) VERY HAPPY 

(3) FAIRLY HAPPY 

(4) NOT TOO HAPPY 

(6) DON’T KNOW 

(7) REFUSED 

Subdomain 2:	 General health status 

K9Q20	 CATI INSTRUCTION (K9Q20): IF K1Q02 = 1 OR ANY VALUE FOR K9Q12X01-

K9Q12X04 = 1, ASK K9Q20. ELSE, SKIP TO K9Q21. 

IF K1Q02 = 1, FILL “your”. ELSE, FILL [IF K9Q12 = 1, then "mother", ELSE IF K9Q12 = 2, 

then "step mother," ELSEIF K9Q12 = 3, then "foster mother," ELSEIF K9Q12=4, then "adoptive 

mother"]. 

Would you say that, in general, ([S.C.]’s [MOTHER TYPE]/your) health is excellent, very good, 

good, fair, or poor? 

(1) EXCELLENT (2) VERY GOOD (3) GOOD 

(4) FAIR (5) POOR 

(6) DON’T KNOW (7) REFUSED 

HELP SCREEN (K9Q20): AT THIS QUESTION, COLLECT INFORMATION ABOUT 

THE MOTHER (BIOLOGICAL, STEP, FOSTER, ADOPTIVE) LIVING IN THIS HOUSE. 
Series 1, No. 55 □ Page102 

K9Q21 CATI INSTRUCTION (K9Q21): IF K1Q02 = 2 OR ANY VALUE FOR K9Q12X05-

K9Q12X08 = 1, ASK K9Q21. ELSE, SKIP TO K9Q22. 

IF K1Q02 = 2, FILL “your”. ELSE, FILL [IF K9Q12 = 5, then "father", ELSEIF K9Q12 = 6, then 

"step father," ELSEIF K9Q12 = 7, then "foster father," ELSEIF K9Q12=8, then "adoptive 

father"]. 

Would you say that, in general, ([S.C.]’s [FATHER TYPE]/your) health is excellent, very good, 

good, fair, or poor? 

(1) EXCELLENT (2) VERY GOOD (3) GOOD 

(4) FAIR (5) POOR 

(6) DON’T KNOW (7) REFUSED 

HELP SCREEN (K9Q21): AT THIS QUESTION, COLLECT INFORMATION ABOUT 

THE FATHER (BIOLOGICAL, STEP, FOSTER, ADOPTIVE) LIVING IN THIS HOUSE. 

K9Q22 CATI INSTRUCTION (K9Q22): IF K1Q02 NE (1, 2), ASK K9Q22. ELSE SKIP TO K9Q23. 

Would you say that, in general, your health is excellent, very good, good, fair, or poor? 

(1) EXCELLENT (2) VERY GOOD (3) GOOD 

(4) FAIR (5) POOR 

(6) DON’T KNOW (7) REFUSED 

HELP SCREEN (K9Q22): AT THIS QUESTION, COLLECT INFORMATION ABOUT
 

THE [textfill: answer from K1Q02] LIVING IN THIS HOUSE.
 

TEXTFILL Logic:
 

IF K1Q02= 3 Fill with "SISTER (STEP/FOSTER/HALF/ADOPTIVE)"
 

ELSE IF K1Q02= 4 Fill with "BROTHER (STEP/FOSTER/HALF/ADOPTIVE)"
 

ELSE IF K1Q02= 5 Fill with "IN-LAW OF ANY TYPE"
 

ELSE IF K1Q02= 6 Fill with "AUNT"
 

ELSE IF K1Q02= 7 Fill with "UNCLE"
 

ELSE IF K1Q02= 8 Fill with "GRANDPARENT"
 

ELSE IF K1Q02= 9 Fill with "OTHER FAMILY MEMBER"
 

ELSE IF K1Q02= 10 Fill with "OTHER NON-RELATIVE"
 

ELSE IF K1Q02= 11 Fill with "FEMALE GUARDIAN" 
 

ELSE IF K1Q02= 12 Fill with "MALE GUARDIAN"
 

ELSE IF K1Q02= 96 Fill with "RESPONDENT ON THE TELEPHONE"
 

ELSE IF K1Q02= 97 Fill with "RESPONDENT ON THE TELEPHONE"
 
Series 1, No. 55 □ Page103 

K9Q23	 CATI INSTRUCTION (K9Q23): IF K1Q02 = 1 OR ANY VALUE FOR K9Q12X01-

K9Q12X04 = 1, ASK K9Q23. ELSE, SKIP TO K9Q24. 

IF K1Q02 = 01, FILL “your”. ELSE, FILL [MOTHER TYPE].
	

Would you say that, in general, ([S.C.]’s [MOTHER TYPE]/your) mental and emotional health is
	

excellent, very good, good, fair, or poor? 

(1) EXCELLENT (2) VERY GOOD (3) GOOD 

(4) FAIR (5) POOR 

(6) DON’T KNOW (7) REFUSED 

HELP SCREEN (K9Q23): AT THIS QUESTION, COLLECT INFORMATION ABOUT 

THE MOTHER (BIOLOGICAL, STEP, FOSTER, ADOPTIVE) LIVING IN THIS HOUSE. 

K9Q24	 CATI INSTRUCTION (K9Q24): IF K1Q02 = 2 OR ANY VALUE FOR K9Q12X05-

K9Q12X08 = 1, ASK K9Q24. ELSE, SKIP TO K9Q25. 

IF K1Q02 = 2, FILL “your”. ELSE, FILL [FATHER TYPE].
	

Would you say that, in general, ([S.C.]’s [FATHER TYPE]/your) mental and emotional health is
	

excellent, very good, good, fair, or poor? 

(1) EXCELLENT (2) VERY GOOD (3) GOOD 

(4) FAIR (5) POOR 

(6) DON’T KNOW (7) REFUSED 

HELP SCREEN (K9Q24): AT THIS QUESTION, COLLECT INFORMATION ABOUT 

THE FATHER (BIOLOGICAL, STEP, FOSTER, ADOPTIVE) LIVING IN THIS HOUSE. 

K9Q25	 CATI INSTRUCTION (K9Q25): IF K1Q02 NE (1, 2), ASK K9Q25. ELSE SKIP TO K9Q30. 

Would you say that, in general, your mental and emotional health is excellent, very good, good, 

fair, or poor? 

(1) EXCELLENT (2) VERY GOOD (3) GOOD 

(4) FAIR (5) POOR 

(6) DON’T KNOW (7) REFUSED 

HELP SCREEN (K9Q25): AT THIS QUESTION, COLLECT INFORMATION ABOUT 

THE [textfill: answer from K1Q02] LIVING IN THIS HOUSE. 
Series 1, No. 55 □ Page104 

Subdomain 3: Exercise 

K9Q30 CATI INSTRUCTION (K9Q30): IF K1Q02 = 1 OR ANY VALUE FOR K9Q12X01-

K9Q12X04 = 1, ASK K9Q30. ELSE, SKIP TO K9Q31. 

IF K1Q02 = 1, FILL (1) you (0) you (3) your (4) you. 

ELSE, FILL (1) S.C.’s [MOTHER TYPE] (0) her (3) her (4) her.
	

During the past week, on how many days did [you/S.C.’s MOTHER TYPE] exercise, play sports,
	

or participate in physical activity for at least 20 minutes that made [you/her] sweat and breathe 

hard? 

____ ____ NUMBER OF DAYS [RANGE CHECK: 00-07, 96, 97] 

(96) DON’T KNOW 

(97) REFUSED 

HELP SCREEN (K9Q30): AT THIS QUESTION, COLLECT INFORMATION ABOUT 

THE MOTHER (BIOLOGICAL, STEP, FOSTER, ADOPTIVE) LIVING IN THIS HOUSE. 

K9Q31 CATI INSTRUCTION (K9Q31): IF K1Q02 = 2 OR (K9Q12 = 5, 6, 7, or 8), ASK K9Q31. 

ELSE, SKIP TO K9Q32. 

IF K9Q30 NOT BLANK AND K1Q02 = 2, ASK: “And how about you?" 

READ AS NECESSARY: “During the past week, on how many days did you exercise, play 

sports, or participate in physical activity for at least 20 minutes that made you sweat and breathe 

hard?”” 

IF K9Q30 NOT BLANK AND K1Q02 NE (2), ASK: “And how about [S.C.]’s [FATHER 

TYPE]?” 

READ AS NECESSARY: “During the past week, on how many days did [FATHER TYPE] 

exercise, play sports, or participate in physical activity for at least 20 minutes that made him sweat 

and breathe hard?" 

IF K9Q30 IS BLANK AND K1Q02 = 2, ASK: “During the past week, on how many days did you 

exercise, play sports, or participate in physical activity for at least 20 minutes that made you sweat 

and breathe hard?” 

IF K9Q30 IS BLANK AND K1Q02 NE (2), ASK: “During the past week, on how many days did 

[FATHER TYPE] exercise, play sports, or participate in physical activity for at least 20 minutes 

that made him sweat and breathe hard?" 

____ ____ NUMBER OF DAYS [RANGE CHECK: 00-07, 96, 97] 

(96) DON’T KNOW 

(97) REFUSED 

HELP SCREEN (K9Q31): AT THIS QUESTION, COLLECT INFORMATION ABOUT 

THE FATHER (BIOLOGICAL, STEP, FOSTER, ADOPTIVE) LIVING IN THIS HOUSE. 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Series 1, No. 55 □ Page 105 

K9Q32 CATI INSTRUCTION (K9Q32): IF K1Q02 NE (1, 2), ASK K9Q32. ELSE SKIP TO K9Q40. 

IF K9Q30 OR K9Q31 ARE NOT BLANK, 

ASK: “And how about you?” 

READ AS NECESSARY: "During the past week, on how many days did you exercise, play 

sports, or participate in physical activity for at least 20 minutes that made you sweat and breathe 

hard?” 

IF K9Q30 AND K9Q31 ARE BLANK, ASK: "During the past week, on how many days did you 

exercise, play sports, or participate in physical activity for at least 20 minutes that made you sweat 

and breathe hard?” 

____ ____ NUMBER OF DAYS 

(96) DON’T KNOW 

(97) REFUSED 

[RANGE CHECK: 00-07, 96, 97] 

HELP SCREEN (K9Q32): AT THIS QUESTION, COLLECT INFORMATION ABOUT 

THE [textfill: answer from K1Q02] LIVING IN THIS HOUSE. 

Subdomain 4: Smoking 

K9Q40 Does anyone living in your household use cigarettes, cigars, or pipe tobacco? 

(1) YES 

(0) NO 

(6) DON’T KNOW 

(7) REFUSED 

[SKIP TO K9Q50] 

[SKIP TO K9Q50] 

[SKIP TO K9Q50] 

K9Q41 Does anyone smoke inside [S.C.]’s home? 

(1) YES 

(0) NO 

(6) DON’T KNOW 

(7) REFUSED 
Series 1, No. 55 □ Page106 

Section 10: Neighborhood and Community Characteristics 

Subdomain 1: Neighborhood amenities 

K10Q01_INTRO Now, I have a few questions about your neighborhood and community. Please tell me if the 

following places and things are available to children in your neighborhood, even if [S.C.] does not 

actually use them. 

K10Q11 Sidewalks or walking paths? 

 [READ IF NECESSARY: Do those exist in your neighborhood?] 

(1) YES (0) NO (6) DON’T KNOW (7) REFUSED 

K10Q12 A park or playground area? 

 [READ IF NECESSARY: Does that exist in your neighborhood?] 

(1) YES (0) NO (6) DON’T KNOW (7) REFUSED 

K10Q13 A recreation center, community center, or boys’ or girls’ club? 

 [READ IF NECESSARY: Does that exist in your community?] 

(1) YES (0) NO (6) DON’T KNOW (7) REFUSED 

K10Q14 A library or bookmobile? 

 [READ IF NECESSARY: Does that exist in your community?] 

(1) YES (0) NO (6) DON’T KNOW (7) REFUSED 

Subdomain 2:	 Neighborhood condition 

K10Q20	 In your neighborhood, is there litter or garbage on the street or sidewalk? 

(1) YES	 (0) NO (6) DON’T KNOW (7) REFUSED 

K10Q22	 How about poorly kept or rundown housing? 

 [READ IF NECESSARY: Does that exist in your neighborhood?] 

(1) YES	 (0) NO (6) DON’T KNOW (7) REFUSED 

K10Q23	 How about vandalism such as broken windows or graffiti? 

 [READ IF NECESSARY: Does that exist in your neighborhood?] 

(1) YES	 (0) NO (6) DON’T KNOW (7) REFUSED 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Series 1, No. 55 □ Page 107 

Subdomain 3: Social capital 

K10Q30_INTRO Now, for the next four questions, I am going to ask how much you agree or disagree with each of 

these statements about your neighborhood or community. 

K10Q30 “People in this neighborhood help each other out.” Would you say that you definitely agree, 

somewhat agree, somewhat disagree, or definitely disagree with this statement? 

(1) DEFINITELY AGREE 

(3) SOMEWHAT DISAGREE 

(6) DON’T KNOW 

(2) SOMEWHAT AGREE 

(4) DEFINITELY DISAGREE 

(7) REFUSED 

K10Q31 “We watch out for each other’s children in this neighborhood.” 

[READ ONLY WHEN NEEDED: Would you say that you definitely agree, somewhat agree, 

somewhat disagree, or definitely disagree with this statement?] 

(1) DEFINITELY AGREE 

(3) SOMEWHAT DISAGREE 

(6) DON’T KNOW 

(2) SOMEWHAT AGREE 

(4) DEFINITELY DISAGREE 

(7) REFUSED 

K10Q32 “There are people I can count on in this neighborhood.” 

[READ ONLY WHEN NEEDED: Would you say that you definitely agree, somewhat agree, 

somewhat disagree, or definitely disagree with this statement?] 

(1) DEFINITELY AGREE 

(3) SOMEWHAT DISAGREE 

(6) DON’T KNOW 

(2) SOMEWHAT AGREE 

(4) DEFINITELY DISAGREE 

(7) REFUSED 

K10Q34 “If my child were outside playing and got hurt or scared, there are adults nearby who I trust to help 

my child.” 

[READ ONLY WHEN NEEDED: Would you say that you definitely agree, somewhat agree, 

somewhat disagree, or definitely disagree with this statement?] 

HELP SCREEN (K10Q34): IF RESPONDENT SAYS THEIR CHILD IS TOO YOUNG TO
 

PLAY OUTSIDE, SAY: "Please answer the question as IF your child were playing outside."
 

(1) DEFINITELY AGREE (2) SOMEWHAT AGREE 

(3) SOMEWHAT DISAGREE (4) DEFINITELY DISAGREE 

(6) DON’T KNOW (7) REFUSED 
Series 1, No. 55 □ Page108 

Subdomain 4: Perceived safety 

K10Q40 How often do you feel [S.C.] is safe in your community or neighborhood? Would you say never, 

sometimes, usually, or always? 

(1) NEVER 

(2) SOMETIMES 

(3) USUALLY 

(4) ALWAYS 

(6) DON’T KNOW 

(7) REFUSED 

K10Q41 CATI INSTRUCTION (K10Q41): IF AGE_NSCH < 6 YEARS, SKIP TO K11Q01_INTRO. 

IF K7Q01F = 0, 6, 7, OR K7Q02 = 555, 666, OR K7Q01 = 3 [I.E. NOT ENROLLED IN PAST 

12 MONTHS/HOME-SCHOOLED], SKIP TO K11Q01_INTRO. 

How often do you feel [he/she] is safe at school? Would you say never, sometimes, usually, or 

always? 

(1) NEVER 

(2) SOMETIMES 

(3) USUALLY 

(4) ALWAYS 

(6) DON’T KNOW 

(7) REFUSED 

 
Series 1, No. 55 □ Page109 

Section 11: Additional Demographics 

Subdomain 1:	 Race and ethnicity of child 

K11Q01_INTRO Now I have a few more general questions about [S.C.] and your household. 

K11Q01	 Is [S.C.] of Hispanic or Latino origin? 

 (1) YES 

 (0) NO 

 (6) DON’T KNOW 

 (7) REFUSED 

HELP SCREEN (K11Q01): HISPANIC OR LATINO INCLUDES MEXICAN, MEXICANAMERICAN, CENTRAL AMERICAN, SOUTH AMERICAN OR PUERTO RICAN, 

CUBAN, OR OTHER SPANISH-CARIBBEAN. 

 

K11Q02EX	 Now, I'm going to read a list of categories. Please choose one or more of the following categories 

to describe [S.C.]’s race. Is [S.C.] White, Black or African American, American Indian, Alaska 

Native, Asian, or Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander? [MARK ALL THAT APPLY] 

 K11Q02X01 WHITE (1) YES (0) NO (6) DK (7) REF 

 K11Q02X02 BLACK/AFRICAN-AMERICAN (1) YES (0) NO (6) DK (7) REF 

 K11Q02X03 AMERICAN INDIAN (1) YES (0) NO (6) DK (7) REF 

 K11Q02X04 ALASKA NATIVE (1) YES (0) NO (6) DK (7) REF 

 K11Q02X05 ASIAN (1) YES (0) NO (6) DK (7) REF 

 K11Q02X06 NATIVE HAWAIIAN (1) YES (0) NO (6) DK (7) REF 

 K11Q02X07 PACIFIC ISLANDER (1) YES (0) NO (6) DK (7) REF 

 K11Q02X08 OTHER (1) YES (0) NO (6) DK (7) REF 

 (6) DON’T KNOW 

 (7) REFUSED 

 

HELP SCREEN (K11Q02): BE SURE TO READ THE ENTIRE QUESTION AS 

WRITTEN, INCLUDING ALL RESPONSE CATEGORIES. RACE INFORMATION IS 

COLLECTED BY SELF-IDENTIFICATION. IT IS “WHATEVER RACE YOU 

CONSIDER YOURSELF TO BE.” DO NOT TRY TO EXPLAIN OR DEFINE ANY OF 

THE GROUPS. MULTIPLE RACES MAY BE SELECTED. 

 IF K11Q02X08 = 1, [SKIP TO K11Q02_OS]
 

 ELSE, [SKIP TO K11Q03]
 

K11Q02_OS	 ENTER RACE______________________________________________________________ 

K11Q03	 CATI INSTRUCTION (K11Q03): IF K11Q02X03 = 1 OR K11Q02X04 = 1 THEN ASK 

K11Q03. ELSE, SKIP TO K11Q20. 

At any time during the past 12 months, did [S.C.] receive services from any Indian Health Service 

hospital or clinic? 

(1) YES 

(0) NO 

(6) DON’T KNOW 

(7) REFUSED 
Series 1, No. 55 □ Page110 

Subdomain 2: Education of parents 

K11Q20 CATI INSTRUCTION (K11Q20): IF K1Q02 = 1 OR ANY VALUE FOR K9Q12X01-

K9Q12X04 = 1, ASK K11Q20. ELSE, SKIP TO K11Q21. IF K1Q02 = 1, FILL “you have”. 

ELSE, FILL “[S.C.]’s [MOTHER TYPE] has” 

What is the highest grade or year of school [you have / [S.C.]’s [MOTHER TYPE] has] 

completed? 

(1) 8th GRADE OR LESS 

(2) 9th-12th GRADE NO DIPLOMA 

(3) HIGH SCHOOL GRADUATE OR GED COMPLETED 

(4) COMPLETED A VOCATIONAL, TRADE, OR BUSINESS SCHOOL PROGRAM 

(5) SOME COLLEGE CREDIT BUT NO DEGREE 

(6) ASSOCIATE DEGREE (AA, AS) 

(7) BACHELOR’S DEGREE (BA, BS, AB) 

(8) MASTER’S DEGREE (MA, MS, MSW, MBA) 

(9) DOCTORATE (PhD, EdD) or PROFESSIONAL DEGREE (MD, DDS, DVM, JD) 

(96) DON’T KNOW 

(97) REFUSED 

HELP SCREEN (K11Q20): AT THIS QUESTION, COLLECT INFORMATION ABOUT 

THE MOTHER (BIOLOGICAL, STEP, FOSTER, ADOPTIVE) LIVING IN THIS HOUSE. 

K11Q21 CATI INSTRUCTION (K11Q21): IF K1Q02 = 2 OR ANY VALUE FOR K9Q12X05-

K9Q12X08 = 1, ASK K11Q21. ELSE, SKIP TO K11Q22. 

IF K11Q20 NOT BLANK AND K1Q02 = 2, ASK: “And how about you?”
	

READ AS NECESSARY: “What is the highest grade or year of school you have completed?”
	

IF K11Q20 NOT BLANK AND K1Q02 NE (2), ASK: “And how about [S.C.]’s [FATHER
	

TYPE]?”
	

READ AS NECESSARY: “What is the highest grade or year of school [S.C.]’s [FATHER TYPE]
	

has completed?”
	

IF K11Q20 IS BLANK AND K1Q02 = 2, ASK: “What is the highest grade or year of school you
	

have completed?”
	

IF K11Q20 IS BLANK AND K1Q02 NE (2), ASK: “What is the highest grade or year of school 

[S.C.]’s [FATHER TYPE] has completed?”
	

(1) 8th GRADE OR LESS 

(2) 9th-12th GRADE NO DIPLOMA 

(3) HIGH SCHOOL GRADUATE OR GED COMPLETED 

(4) COMPLETED A VOCATIONAL, TRADE, OR BUSINESS SCHOOL PROGRAM 

(5) SOME COLLEGE CREDIT BUT NO DEGREE 

(6) ASSOCIATE DEGREE (AA, AS) 

(7) BACHELOR’S DEGREE (BA, BS, AB) 

(8) MASTER’S DEGREE (MA, MS, MSW, MBA) 

(9) DOCTORATE (PhD, EdD) or PROFESSIONAL DEGREE (MD, DDS, DVM, JD) 

(96) DON’T KNOW 

(97) REFUSED 

HELP SCREEN (K11Q21): AT THIS QUESTION, COLLECT INFORMATION ABOUT 

THE FATHER (BIOLOGICAL, STEP, FOSTER, ADOPTIVE) LIVING IN THIS HOUSE. 
Series 1, No. 55 □ Page111 

K11Q22	 CATI INSTRUCTION (K11Q22): IF K1Q02 NE (1, 2), ASK K11Q22. ELSE SKIP TO 

K11Q30. 

IF K11Q20 OR K11Q21 ARE NOT BLANK, ASK: “And how about you?”
	

READ AS NECESSARY: “What is the highest grade or year of school you have completed?”
	

IF K11Q20 AND K11Q21 ARE BLANK, ASK: “What is the highest grade or year of school you
	

have completed?”
	

 

(1) 8th GRADE OR LESS 

(2) 9th-12th GRADE NO DIPLOMA 

(3) HIGH SCHOOL GRADUATE OR GED COMPLETED 

(4) COMPLETED A VOCATIONAL, TRADE, OR BUSINESS SCHOOL PROGRAM 

(5) SOME COLLEGE CREDIT BUT NO DEGREE 

(6) ASSOCIATE DEGREE (AA, AS) 

(7) BACHELOR’S DEGREE (BA, BS, AB) 

(8) MASTER’S DEGREE (MA, MS, MSW, MBA) 

(9) DOCTORATE (PhD, EdD) or PROFESSIONAL DEGREE (MD, DDS, DVM, JD) 

(96) DON’T KNOW 

(97) REFUSED 

HELP SCREEN (K11Q22): AT THIS QUESTION, COLLECT INFORMATION ABOUT 

THE [textfill: answer from K1Q02] LIVING IN THIS HOUSE. 

Subdomain 3:	 Birthplace of child and parents 

K11Q30	 CATI INSTRUCTION (K11Q20): IF K1Q02 = 1 OR ANY VALUE FOR K9Q12X01-

K9Q12X04 = 1, ASK K11Q30. ELSE, SKIP TO K11Q31. 

IF K1Q02 = 1, FILL “you have”. ELSE, FILL “[S.C.]’s [MOTHER TYPE] has” 

[Were you / Was [S.C.]’s [MOTHER TYPE]] born in the United States? 

 (1) YES 

 (0) NO 

 (6) DON’T KNOW 

 (7) REFUSED 

HELP SCREEN (K11Q30): AT THIS QUESTION, COLLECT INFORMATION ABOUT 

THE MOTHER (BIOLOGICAL, STEP, FOSTER, ADOPTIVE) LIVING IN THIS HOUSE. 
Series 1, No. 55 □ Page112 

K11Q31 CATI INSTRUCTION (K11Q31): IF K1Q02 = 2 OR ANY VALUE FOR K9Q12X05-

K9Q12X08 = 1, ASK K11Q31. ELSE, SKIP TO K11Q32. 

IF K11Q30 NOT BLANK AND K1Q02 = 2, ASK: “And how about you?”
	

READ AS NECESSARY: “Were you born in the United States?”
	

IF K11Q30 NOT BLANK AND K1Q02 NE (2), ASK: “And how about [S.C.]’s [FATHER
	

TYPE]?”
	

READ AS NECESSARY: “Was [S.C.]’s [FATHER TYPE] born in the United States?”
	

IF K11Q30 IS BLANK AND K1Q02 = 2, ASK: “Were you born in the United States?”
	

IF K11Q30 IS BLANK AND K1Q02 NE (2), ASK: “Was [S.C.]’s [FATHER TYPE] born in the 

United States?”
	

 (1) YES 

 (0) NO 

 (6) DON’T KNOW 

 (7) REFUSED 

HELP SCREEN (K11Q31): AT THIS QUESTION, COLLECT INFORMATION ABOUT 

THE FATHER (BIOLOGICAL, STEP, FOSTER, ADOPTIVE) LIVING IN THIS HOUSE. 

K11Q32 CATI INSTRUCTION (K11Q32): IF K1Q02 NE (1, 2), ASK K11Q32. ELSE SKIP TO 

K11Q33. 

IF K11Q30 OR K11Q31 ARE NOT BLANK, ASK: “And how about you?” 

READ AS NECESSARY: “Were you born in the United States?” 

IF K11Q30 AND K11Q31 ARE BLANK, ASK: “Were you born in the United States?” 

 

 (1) YES 

 (0) NO 

 (6) DON’T KNOW 

 (7) REFUSED 

HELP SCREEN (K11Q32): AT THIS QUESTION, COLLECT INFORMATION ABOUT 

THE [textfill: answer from K1Q02] LIVING IN THIS HOUSE. 

K11Q33 And how about [S.C.]? 
 

READ AS NECESSARY: Was [S.C.] born in the United States? 
 

 

 (1) YES 

 (0) NO 

 (6) DON’T KNOW 

 (7) REFUSED 
Series 1, No. 55 □ Page113 

K11Q34A CATI INSTRUCTION (K11Q34A): IF K1Q02 = 1 OR ANY VALUE FOR K9Q12X01-

K9Q12X04 = 1, AND K11Q30 = 0, ASK K11Q34A. ELSE, SKIP TO K11Q35A. 

IF K1Q02 = 01, FILL “you have”. ELSE, FILL “[S.C.]’s [MOTHER TYPE] has” 

How long [have you / has [S.C.]’s [MOTHER TYPE]] been in the United States? 

 ___ ____ ____ [ENTER NUMBER] 

 (996) DON’T KNOW 

 (997) REFUSED 

HELP SCREEN (K11Q34A): AT THIS QUESTION, COLLECT INFORMATION ABOUT 

THE MOTHER (BIOLOGICAL, STEP, FOSTER, ADOPTIVE) LIVING IN THIS HOUSE. 

 K11Q34B	 [MARK PERIOD] 

 (1) DAYS	 (2) WEEKS (3) MONTHS (4) YEARS 

K11Q35A	 CATI INSTRUCTION (K11Q35A): IF K1Q02 = 2 OR ANY VALUE FOR K9Q12X05-

K9Q12X08 = 1, ASK K11Q35A. ELSE, SKIP TO K11Q36A. 

IF K11Q34A NOT BLANK AND K1Q02 = 2, ASK: “And how about you?”
	

READ AS NECESSARY: “How long have you been in the United States?”
	

IF K11Q34A NOT BLANK AND K1Q02 NE (2), ASK: “And how about [S.C.]’s [FATHER
	

TYPE]?”
	

READ AS NECESSARY: “How long has [S.C.]’s [FATHER TYPE] been in the United States?”
	

IF K11Q34A IS BLANK AND K1Q02 = 2, ASK: “How long have you been in the United
	

States?”
	

IF K11Q34A IS BLANK AND K1Q02 NE (2), ASK: “How long has [S.C.]’s [FATHER TYPE]
	

been in the United States?”
	

 ___ ____ ____ [ENTER NUMBER] 

 (996) DON’T KNOW 

 (997) REFUSED 

HELP SCREEN (K11Q35A): AT THIS QUESTION, COLLECT INFORMATION ABOUT 

THE FATHER (BIOLOGICAL, STEP, FOSTER, ADOPTIVE) LIVING IN THIS HOUSE. 

 K11Q35B	 [MARK PERIOD] 

 (1) DAYS	 (2) WEEKS (3) MONTHS (4) YEARS 
Series 1, No. 55 □ Page114 

K11Q36A CATI INSTRUCTION (K11Q36A): IF K1Q02 NE (1, 2) AND K11Q32 = 0, ASK K11Q36A. 

ELSE SKIP TO K11Q37A. 

IF K11Q34A OR K11Q35A ARE NOT BLANK, ASK: “And how about you?” 

READ AS NECESSARY: “How long have you been in the United States?” 

IF K11Q34A AND K11Q35A ARE BLANK, ASK: “How long have you been in the United 

States?” 

 

 ___ ____ ____ [ENTER NUMBER] 

 (996) DON’T KNOW 

 (997) REFUSED 

HELP SCREEN (K11Q36A): AT THIS QUESTION, COLLECT INFORMATION ABOUT 

THE [textfill: answer from K1Q02] LIVING IN THIS HOUSE. 

 K11Q36B [MARK PERIOD] 

 (1) DAYS (2) WEEKS (3) MONTHS (4) YEARS 

K11Q37A CATI INSTRUCTION (K11Q37A): IF K11Q33 = 0, ASK K11Q37A. ELSE SKIP TO K11Q40 

IF K11Q34A, K11Q35A, OR K11Q36A ARE NOT BLANK, ASK: “And how about [S.C.]?” 

READ AS NECESSARY: “How long has [S.C.] been in the United States?” 

IF K11Q34A, K11Q35A, AND K11Q36A ARE BLANK, ASK: “How long has [S.C.] been in the 

United States?” 

 ___ ____ ____ [ENTER NUMBER] 

 (996) DON’T KNOW 

 (997) REFUSED 

 K11Q37B [MARK PERIOD] 

 (1) DAYS (2) WEEKS (3) MONTHS (4) YEARS 

K11Q38 CATI INSTRUCTION (K11Q38): IF ANY BIOLOGICAL MOTHER OR BIOLOGICAL 

FATHER IN HH (K9Q10 = 1 OR K9Q10 = 5 OR K9Q12X01 = 1 OR K9Q12X05 = 1), SKIP TO 

K11Q43. IF NO BIOLOGICAL PARENT IN HH AND IF ANY ADOPTIVE PARENT OR 

GUARDIAN IN HOUSEHOLD (K9Q10 = 4 OR K9Q10 = 8 OR K9Q12X04 = 1 OR K9Q12X08 

= 1 OR K9Q12_A = 1), ASK K11Q38. ELSE, SKIP TO K11Q43. 

 Was [S.C.] adopted from another country? 

 (1) YES [SKIP TO K11Q41] 

 (0) NO [SKIP TO K11Q40] 

 (6) DON’T KNOW [SKIP TO K11Q40] 

(7) REFUSED [SKIP TO K11Q40] 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

	 

Series 1, No. 55 □ Page 115 

Subdomain 4: Residential mobility 

K11Q40 CATI INSTRUCTION (K11Q40): IF ANY BIOLOGICAL MOTHER OR BIOLOGICAL 

FATHER IN HH (K9Q10 = 1 OR K9Q10 = 5 OR K9Q12X01 = 1 OR K9Q12X05 = 1), SKIP TO 

K11Q43. IF NO BIOLOGICAL PARENT IN HH AND IF ANY ADOPTIVE PARENT OR 

GUARDIAN IN HOUSEHOLD (K9Q10 = 4 OR K9Q10 = 8 OR K9Q12X04 = 1 OR K9Q12X08 

= 1 OR K9Q12_A = 1), ASK K11Q40. ELSE, SKIP TO K11Q43. 

Prior to being adopted, was [S.C.] in the legal custody of a state or county child welfare agency in 

the United States? That is, was [S.C.] in the U.S. foster care system? 

(1) YES 

(0) NO 

(6) DON’T KNOW 

(7) REFUSED 

K11Q41 Has [S.C.]’s adoption been finalized? 

(1) YES 

(0) NO 

(6) DON’T KNOW 

(7) REFUSED 

ADOPT_TYPE CATI INSTRUCTION: CREATE VARIABLE ADOPT_TYPE: 

IF K11Q41 = 0, ADOPT_TYPE = <NULL> 

ELSE IF K11Q38 = 1, ADOPT_TYPE = INTERNATIONAL 

ELSE IF K11Q40 = 1, ADOPT_TYPE = FOSTER CARE 

ELSE IF K11Q40 = 0, 6, OR 7, ADOPT_TYPE = PRIVATE 

K11Q43	 [IF CHILD WAS ADOPTED (ADOPT_TYPE NE <NULL>), INSERT: Since (he/she) was 

adopted,] How many times has [S.C.] ever moved to a new address? 

___ ___ ___ MOVES 

(996) DON’T KNOW 

(997) REFUSED 

HELP SCREEN (K11Q42): PLEASE INCLUDE ANY AND ALL TIMES A CHILD HAS 

CHANGED THEIR PRIMARY RESIDENCE. DO NOT INCLUDE TEMPORARY 

CHANGES IN RESIDENCE SUCH AS A CHILD VISITING ANOTHER RESIDENCE 

DURING SUMMER VACATION OR OTHER BREAKS IN THE SCHOOL YEAR. 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Series 1, No. 55 □ Page 116 

Subdomain 5: Employment and income 

K11Q50 Was anyone in the household employed at least 50 weeks out of the past 52 weeks? 

 (1) YES 

 (0) NO 

 (6) DON’T KNOW 

(7) REFUSED 

K11Q51 Now I am going to ask you a few questions about your income. Please think about your total 

combined FAMILY income during (CATI: FILL LAST CALENDAR YEAR) for all members 

of the family. Can you tell me that amount before taxes? 

RECORD INCOME $___________________ [SKIP TO K11Q51_CONF] 

DON’T KNOW (96) [SKIP TO S11_CASCADE] 

 REFUSED (97) [SKIP TO S11_CASCADE] 

HELP SCREEN (K11Q51): INCLUDE MONEY FROM JOBS, CHILD SUPPORT, 

SOCIAL SECURITY, RETIREMENT INCOME, UNEMPLOYMENT PAYMENTS, 

PUBLIC ASSISTANCE, AND SO FORTH. ALSO, INCLUDE INCOME FROM 

INTEREST, DIVIDENDS, NET INCOME FROM BUSINESS, FARM, OR RENT, AND 

ANY OTHER MONEY INCOME RECEIVED. 

 

K11Q51_CONF	 Just to confirm that I entered it correctly, your income was [AMOUNT FROM K11Q51]. Is that 

correct? 

 (1) YES [SKIP TO K11Q60] 

 (0) NO [SKIP TO K11Q51] 

 

K11Q52	 For the purposes of this survey, it is important to get at least a range for the total income received 

by all members of your household in [FILL LAST CALENDAR YEAR]. Would you say that the 

total combined income, before taxes, was above or below $20,000? 

 

(1) MORE THAN $20,000 [SKIP TO K11Q56] 

(2) $20,000	 [SKIP TO K11Q60] 

(3) LESS THAN $20,000 [SKIP TO K11Q53] 

(6) DON'T KNOW [SKIP TO K11Q60] 

(7) REFUSED [SKIP TO K11Q60] 

K11Q53	 Was the total combined household income more or less than $10,000? 

(1) MORE THAN $10,000 [SKIP TO K11Q55] 

(2) $10,000 [SKIP TO K11Q60] 

(3) LESS THAN $10,000 [SKIP TO K11Q54] 

(6) DON'T KNOW [SKIP TO K11Q60] 

(7) REFUSED [SKIP TO K11Q60] 

K11Q54 Was it more than $7,500? 

(1) YES [SKIP TO K11Q59] 

(0) NO [SKIP TO K11Q59] 

(6) DON'T KNOW [SKIP TO K11Q60] 

(7) REFUSED [SKIP TO K11Q60] 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Series 1, No. 55 □ Page 117 

K11Q55 Was it more than $15,000? 

(1) YES 

(0) NO 

(6) DON'T KNOW 

(7) REFUSED 

[SKIP TO K11Q55A] 

[SKIP BACK TO K11Q55B] 

[SKIP TO K11Q60] 

[SKIP TO K11Q60] 

K11Q55A Was it more than $17,500? 

(1) YES 

(0) NO 

(6) DON'T KNOW 

(7) REFUSED 

[SKIP TO K11Q59] 

[SKIP BACK TO K11Q59] 

[SKIP TO K11Q60] 

[SKIP TO K11Q60] 

K11Q55B Was it more than $12,500? 

(1) YES 

(0) NO 

(6) DON'T KNOW 

(7) REFUSED 

[SKIP TO K11Q59] 

[SKIP BACK TO K11Q59] 

[SKIP TO K11Q60] 

[SKIP TO K11Q60] 

K11Q56 (READ IF NECESSARY: Was the total combined household income) more or less than $40,000? 

(1) MORE THAN $40,000 

(2) $40,000 

(3) LESS THAN $40,000 

(6) DON'T KNOW 

(7) REFUSED 

[SKIP TO K11Q56A] 

[SKIP TO K11Q60] 

[SKIP TO K11Q57] 

[SKIP TO K11Q60] 

[SKIP TO K11Q60] 

K11Q56A (READ IF NECESSARY: Was the total combined household income) more or less than $60,000? 

(1) MORE THAN $60,000 

(2) $60,000 

(3) LESS THAN $60,000 

(6) DON'T KNOW 

(7) REFUSED 

[SKIP TO K11Q58] 

[SKIP TO K11Q60] 

[SKIP TO K11Q56B] 

[SKIP TO K11Q60] 

[SKIP TO K11Q60] 

K11Q56B (READ IF NECESSARY: Was the total combined household income) more or less than $50,000? 

(1) MORE THAN $50,000 

(2) $50,000 

(3) LESS THAN $50,000 

(6) DON'T KNOW 

(7) REFUSED 

[SKIP TO K11Q59] 

[SKIP TO K11Q60] 

[SKIP TO K11Q56C] 

[SKIP TO K11Q60] 

[SKIP TO K11Q60] 

K11Q56C (READ IF NECESSARY: Was the total combined household income) more or less than $45,000? 

(1) MORE THAN $45,000 

(2) $45,000 

(3) LESS THAN $45,000 

(6) DON'T KNOW 

(7) REFUSED 

[SKIP TO K11Q59] 

[SKIP TO K11Q60] 

[SKIP TO K11Q59] 

[SKIP TO K11Q60] 

[SKIP TO K11Q60] 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

	 

	 

	 

Series 1, No. 55 □ Page 118 

K11Q57 (READ IF NECESSARY: Was the total combined household income) more or less than $30,000? 

(1) MORE THAN $30,000 

(2) $30,000 

(3) LESS THAN $30,000 

(6) DON'T KNOW 

(7) REFUSED 

[SKIP TO K11Q57A] 

[SKIP TO K11Q60] 

[SKIP TO K11Q57B] 

[SKIP TO K11Q60] 

[SKIP TO K11Q60] 

K11Q57A (READ IF NECESSARY: Was the total combined household income) more or less than $35,000? 

(1) MORE THAN $35,000 

(2) $35,000 

(3) LESS THAN $35,000 

(6) DON'T KNOW 

(7) REFUSED 

[SKIP TO K11Q59] 

[SKIP TO K11Q60] 

[SKIP TO K11Q59] 

[SKIP TO K11Q60] 

[SKIP TO K11Q60] 

K11Q57B (READ IF NECESSARY: Was the total combined household income) more or less than $25,000? 

(1) MORE THAN $25,000 

(2) $25,000 

(3) LESS THAN $25,000 

(6) DON'T KNOW 

(7) REFUSED 

[SKIP TO K11Q59] 

[SKIP TO K11Q60] 

[SKIP TO K11Q59] 

[SKIP TO K11Q60] 

[SKIP TO K11Q60] 

K11Q58 (READ IF NECESSARY: Was the total combined household income) more or less than $75,000? 

(1) MORE THAN $75,000 

(2) $75,000 

(3) LESS THAN $75,000 

(6) DON'T KNOW 

(7) REFUSED 

[SKIP TO K11Q59] 

[SKIP TO K11Q60] 

[SKIP TO K11Q59] 

[SKIP TO K11Q60] 

[SKIP TO K11Q60] 

K11Q59 Was the total combined household income more or less than [$REF]? 

NOTE: IF NIS COMPLETED, INCOME VALUES HERE WERE FILLED FROM NIS AS 

APPROPRIATE, AND THESE ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS NEED TO BE ASKED TO 

DETERMINE POVERTY LEVEL, THE DECISION WAS MADE NOT TO ASK THESE 

QUESTIONS BECAUSE THE TRANSITION IS DIFFICULT AND THE QUESTIONS SEEM 

OUT OF PLACE. THIS QUESTION WILL ONLY APPEAR IN THE TEEN OVERLAP 

SAMPLE; IT WON’T BE ANSWERED IN NIS-NSCH OVERLAP SAMPLE. 

(1) MORE THAN [$REF] [WHEN THERE ARE TWO VALUES IN POVERTY 

REFERENCE TABLE, THEN ASK K11Q59A. ELSE SKIP TO 

K11Q60] 

(2) EXACTLY [$REF]	 [SKIP TO K11Q60] 

(3) LESS THAN [$REF] [SKIP TO K11Q60] 

(6) DON'T KNOW	 [SKIP TO K11Q60] 

(7) REFUSED [SKIP TO K11Q60] 

POV_PCT	 CATI INSTRUCTION: STORE POVERTY CATEGORY BASED ON POVERTY 

GUIDELINES TABLE 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Series 1, No. 55 □ Page 119 

K11Q59A Would you say this income was MORE or LESS than [$REF]? 

(1) MORE THAN [$REF] 

(2) EXACTLY [$REF] 

(3) LESS THAN [$REF] 

(6) DON'T KNOW 

(7) REFUSED 

Subdomain 6: Program participation 

K11Q60 CATI INSTRUCTION (K11Q60): CALCULATE HOUSEHOLD POVERTY LEVEL FROM 

HOUSEHOLD SIZE (K9Q00) AND REPORTED INCOME (K11Q51), OR FROM THE 

INCOME CASCADE. IF HH POVERTY LEVEL IS > 300%, SKIP TO K11Q70. IF 

HOUSEHOLD POVERTY LEVEL CANNOT BE DETERMINED, OR IF HOUSEHOLD 

POVERTY LEVEL IS ≤ 300%, ASK K11Q60. 

At any time during the past 12 months, even for one month, did anyone in this household receive 

any cash assistance from a state or county welfare program, such as [state TANF name]? 

(1) YES 

(0) NO 

(6) DON’T KNOW 

(7) REFUSED 

K11Q61 CATI INSTRUCTION (K11Q61): IF S_UNDR18 > 1, FILL “any child in the household”. 

ELSE, FILL [S.C.]. 

During the past 12 months, did [[S.C.]/ any child in the household] receive Food Stamps? 

(1) YES 

(0) NO 

(6) DON’T KNOW 

(7) REFUSED 

K11Q62 CATI INSTRUCTION (K11Q62): IF S_UNDR18 = 1 and AGE_NSCH < 24 months, GO 

TO K11Q70. IF S_UNDR18 > 1, FILL “any child in the household”. ELSE, FILL [S.C.]. 

During the past 12 months, did [[S.C.]/any child in the household] receive free or reduced-cost 

breakfasts or lunches at school? 

(1) YES 

(0) NO 

(6) DON’T KNOW 

(7) REFUSED 
Series 1, No. 55 □ Page120 

Subdomain 7: Telephone line information 

K11Q70 The next few questions are about the telephone numbers in your household. Do you have more 

than one telephone number in your household? Do not include cell phones or numbers that are 

only used by a computer or fax machine. 

(1) YES [SKIP TO K11Q71] 

(0) NO [SKIP TO K11Q76] 

(6) DON’T KNOW [SKIP TO K11Q76] 

(7) REFUSED [SKIP TO K11Q76] 

 HELP SCREEN (K11Q70): READ IF NECESSARY: “I’d like to know about the telephone 

numbers, not telephone extensions, that ring to this household.” COUNT BUSINESS 

TELEPHONE NUMBERS THAT RING TO THE HOUSEHOLD IF THEY ARE USED 

OCCASIONALLY FOR HOME USE. 

K11Q71 How many telephone numbers are residential numbers? 

(1) ONE 

(2) TWO 

(3) THREE OR MORE 

(6) DON’T KNOW 

(7) REFUSED 

 HELP SCREEN (K11Q71): THIS QUESTION IS ASKING FOR THE TOTAL NUMBER 

OF HOME TELEPHONE NUMBERS (INCLUDING THE NUMBER WE CALLED). 

COUNT BUSINESS TELEPHONE NUMBERS THAT RING TO THE HOUSEHOLD IF 

THEY ARE USED OCCASIONALLY FOR HOME USE. 

K11Q76 Not including cellular telephones, has your family been without telephone service for 1 week or 

more during the past 12 months? Do not include interruptions of phone service due to weather or 

natural disasters. 

 (1) YES [SKIP TO K11Q76A] 

(0) NO [SKIP TO K11Q80] 

(6) DON’T KNOW [SKIP TO K11Q80] 

(7) REFUSED [SKIP TO K11Q80] 

 

K11Q76A For how long was your household without telephone service in the past 12 months? 

 ENTER NUMBER ___ ___ ___ 

 (996) DON’T KNOW 

 (997) REFUSED 

 

IF K11Q76A > 365 AND NOT IN (996, 997) [DISPLAY WARNING TEXT] 
 

ELSE, IF K11Q76A IN (996, 997) [SKIP TO K11Q77]
 

ELSE [SKIP TO K11Q76B] 
 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Series 1, No. 55 □ Page 121 

K11Q76B [ENTER PERIOD] 

(1) DAYS 

(2) WEEK(S) 

(3) MONTH(S) 

(6) DON’T KNOW 

(7) REFUSED 

IF K11Q76B = 2 AND K11Q76A > 52, 

ELSE, IF K11Q76B = 33 AND K11Q76A > 12, 

[DISPLAY WARNING TEXT] 

[DISPLAY WARNING TEXT] 

WARNING: ANSWER IS MORE THAN 12 MONTHS, RETURN TO QUESTION AND 

CORRECT. 

K11Q77 When your household was without telephone service, did someone in your household have a 

working cell phone? 

(1) YES 

(0) NO 

(6) DON’T KNOW 

(7) REFUSED 

Subdomain 8: ZIP Code 

K11Q80 Please tell me your zip code. 

_____ _____ _____ ____ _____ (00001-99996) 

(99996) DON’T KNOW 

(99997) REFUSED 

[SKIP TO K11Q83] 

[SKIP TO K11Q83] 

K11Q81 CATI INSTRUCTION (K11Q81): USE “ZIP CODE BY STATE” TABLE TO RECORD 

STATE IN K11Q80_STATE. IF K11Q80_STATE = STATE, THEN GO TO K_END. IF 

K11Q80_STATE ≠ STATE, THEN SKIP TO K11Q82. ELSE, IF K11Q80 NOT IN TABLE, 

THEN GO TO K11Q81. 

I entered [FILL K11Q80]. Is that correct? 

(1) YES 

(0) NO 

[GO TO K11Q83] 

[GO TO K11Q80] 

K11Q82 I entered [FILL K11Q80]. Is that correct? 

(1) YES 

(0) NO 

(6) DON’T KNOW 

(7) REF 

[GO TO K_PROMPT] 

[GO TO K11Q80] 

[GO TO K11Q83] 

[GO TO K11Q83] 
Series 1, No. 55 □ Page122 

K11Q83 CATI INSTRUCTION (K11Q83): PRESENT DROP DOWN MENU OF STATE NAMES. 

DO NOT USE THE INFORMATION COLLECTED IN THIS QUESTION TO CHANGE 

‘STATE’ FROM THE SAMPLE PRE-FILL TABLE. "US TERRITORIES" SHOULD APPEAR 

AS AN OPTION IN THE DROP DOWN MENU. 

 What state do you live in? 

 _____________ 

HELP SCREEN (K11Q83): IF A RESPONDENT HAS DIFFICULTY DECIDING 

BETWEEN MULTIPLE STATES, ASK: “Where is your primary residence? That is, where 

do you live most of the time?” 

INTERVIEWER INSTRUCTION (K11Q83): IF R LIVES IN PUERTO RICO, US VIRGIN 

ISLANDS, GUAM, OR NORTHERN MARIANAS, CODE AS US TERRITORIES. 

K_PROMPT If (NSCH_INCENT_GROUP=0 AND INCENTIVE =0), skip to K_END 

 Else if (NSCH_INCENT_GROUP = 0 AND INCENTIVE > 0) 

 [If INCENT_GRP=1 USE $10, IF INCENT_GRP = 2 USE $15] 

 DISPLAY: 

 

 (If ADOPT_TYPE = <null> DISPLAY: "Those are all the questions I have. Before I go,") I'll 

need to verify your mailing address so we can send you $[10/15] as a token of our appreciation for 

taking the time to answer questions for the National Immunization Study. You may have already 

received this money in the mail. 

 HELP SCREEN: IF R SAYS THAT HE/SHE HAS RECEIVED THE MONEY, ASK R TO 

VERIFY THAT WE HAVE THE ADDRESS RECORDED CORRECTLY IN CASE WE 

NEED TO CONTACT THEM IN THE FUTURE. 

 Else if (NSCH_INCENT_GROUP = 1) 
 

 [FOR FIRST FILL: IF NSCH_INCENT=<null>, then use $10, ELSE use NSCH_INCENT] 
 

 [FOR SECOND FILL: If INCENT_GRP=1 USE $10, IF INCENT_GRP = 2 USE $15] 
 

 DISPLAY: 
 

 

 (If ADOPT_TYPE = <null> DISPLAY: "Those are all the questions I have. Before I go,") I'll 

need to verify your mailing address so we can send you $[10/NSCH_INCENT] as a token of our 
 

appreciation for taking the time to answer questions for the National Survey of Children’s Health.
	

(If INCENTIVE > 0 and AC_NIS_INCENT_EXIT not previously read, read: In addition, the 

National Immunization Study will be sending you $[10/15], which you may have already 
 

received.) 
 

 (1) READ TO RESPONDENT 

IF ADOPT_TYPE = <NULL> GO TO K_END, 

ELSE SKIP TO NSAP_1A 
Series 1, No. 55 □ Page123 

K_END	 CATI INSTRUCTIONS (K_END): IF ADOPT_TYPE = <NULL> OR (ADOPT_TYPE NE 

<NULL> and NSCH_LANG=2), READ K_END. ELSE IF ADOPT_TYPE NE <NULL> AND 

NSCH_LANG = 1, SKIP TO NSAP_1A. 

 Those are all the questions I have. You may be re-contacted in the future to participate in related 

studies. If you are contacted to participate in future surveys, you have the right to refuse. I’d like 

to thank you on behalf of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for the time and effort 

you’ve spent answering these questions. If you have any questions about this survey, you may 

call my supervisor toll-free at [TEXTFILL: If Sample Use Code = 1 or 2: 1-8 6 6 – 9 9 9 – 3 3 4 0, 

if sample use code = 3: 1 - 8 8 8 – 9 9 0 – 9 9 8 6]. If you have questions about your rights as a 

survey participant, you may call the chairman of the Research Ethics Review Board at 

1-800-223-8118. Thank you again. 

 [ALL SKIP TO LANG1.] 

NSAP_1A	 CATI INSTRUCTIONS (NSAP_1A): IF RESPONDENT IS AN ADOPTIVE PARENT OR 

GUARDIAN (K9Q10 = 4 OR K9Q10 = 8 OR K9Q12_A = 1), ASK NSAP_1A. ELSE, SKIP TO 

NSAP_2A. 

ONLY DISPLAY AND ALLOW OPTION 3 IF THE INTERVIEWER HAS THE NSAP 

RESOURCE (I.E. THE INTERVIEWER HAS ACCESS TO THE NSAP SURVEY) 

IF <BLUE X, ABANDON> USED FROM THIS PAGE, THEN ALL ITS OUTCOMES 

RESULTING IN SCHEDULING FOR A CALLBACK SHOULD SET THE POINT OF 

RETURN TO NSAP_INTRO (SAME CALLBACK PATH AS IF RESPONSE 1 OR 2 WERE 

USED) 

 

 Thank you for the time you have spent answering these questions. Before I go, I want to make 

you aware of another survey you are eligible for. Because you indicated that you are [S.C.]’s 

adoptive parent, you are eligible to be part of The National Survey of Adoptive Parents – the first 

national survey of its kind about the health and well-being of adopted children and their families. 

The adoption survey will ask questions related to post-adoption services and other adoptionspecific topics. Participation in the adoption survey is voluntary and you would receive payment 

of $25 for your participation. Because you have already spent time with us on the phone, we 

would be happy to call you back for this interview. It would take about half an hour of your time. 

When would be a convenient time for you to participate in the National Survey of Adoptive 

Parents? 

 (1) R GIVES SPECIFIC TIME > SCHEDULE APPOINTMENT AND THEN GO TO K_END2 

 (2) R DOES NOT GIVE SPECIFIC TIME > GO TO NSAP_1B 

 (3) CONTINUE TO NSAP > GO TO CONSENT_INTRO 

NSAP_1B That’s fine. I can call back later to discuss your participation in the adoption survey. You can call 

also us at [TEXTFILL: If Sample Use Code = 1 or 2: 1-8 6 6 – 9 9 9 – 3 3 4 0, if sample use code 

= 3: 1 - 8 8 8 – 9 9 0 – 9 9 8 6] to schedule an interview. 

 [GO TO K_END2.] 
Series 1, No. 55 □ Page124 

NSAP_2A ONLY DISPLAY AND ALLOW OPTION 3 IF THE INTERVIEWER HAS THE NSAP 

RESOURCE (I.E. THE INTERVIEWER HAS ACCESS TO THE NSAP SURVEY) 

 IF <BLUE X, ABANDON> USED FROM THIS PAGE, THEN ALL ITS OUTCOMES 

RESULTING IN SCHEDULING FOR A CALLBACK SHOULD SET THE POINT OF 

RETURN TO NSAP_INTRO (SAME CALLBACK PATH AS IF RESPONSE 1 OR 2 WERE 

USED) 

 Thank you for the time you have spent answering these questions. Before I go, I want to make 

you aware of another survey your household is eligible for. Because you indicated that another 

member of the household is [S.C.]’s adoptive parent, your household is eligible to be part of The 

National Survey of Adoptive Parents – the first national survey of its kind about the health and 

well-being of adopted children and their families. The adoption survey will ask questions related 

to post-adoption services and other adoption-specific topics. Participation in the adoption survey 

is voluntary and (he/she) would receive payment of $25 for (his/her) participation. Because you 

have already spent time with us on the phone, we would be happy to call [S.C.]’s adoptive parent 

back for this interview. It would take about half an hour of (his/her) time. 

When would be a convenient time for [S.C.]’s adoptive parent to participate in the National 

Survey of Adoptive Parents? 

 (1) R GIVES SPECIFIC TIME > SCHEDULE APPOINTMENT AND THEN GO TO K_END2 

 (0) R DOES NOT GIVE SPECIFIC TIME > GO TO NSAP_1B 

 (3) CONTINUE TO NSAP > GO TO CONSENT_INTRO 

NSAP_2B That’s fine. I can call back later to discuss (his/her) participation in the adoption survey. You can 

also let [S.C.]’s adoptive parent know that (he/she) can call us at [TEXTFILL: If Sample Use 

Code = 1 or 2: 1-8 6 6 – 9 9 9 – 3 3 4 0, if sample use code = 3: 1 - 8 8 8 – 9 9 0 – 9 9 8 6] to 

schedule an interview. 

 [SKIP TO K_END2.] 

K_END2 Those are all the questions I have at this time. I’d like to thank you on behalf of the Centers for 

Disease Control and Prevention for the time and effort you’ve spent answering these questions. If 

you have any questions about this survey, you may call my supervisor toll-free at [TEXTFILL: If 

Sample Use Code = 1 or 2: 1-8 6 6 – 9 9 9 – 3 3 4 0, if sample use code = 3: 1 - 8 8 8 – 9 9 0 – 9 9 

8 6]. If you have questions about your rights as a survey participant, you may call the chairman of 

the Research Ethics Review Board at 1- 800 - 223 - 8118. Thank you again. [SKIP TO LANG1] 

K_END3 Those are all the questions I have. I’d like to thank you on behalf of the Centers for Disease 

Control and Prevention for the time and effort you’ve spent answering these questions. If you have 

any questions about this survey, you may call my supervisor toll-free at [TEXTFILL: If Sample 

Use Code = 1 or 2: 1-8 6 6 – 9 9 9 – 3 3 4 0, if sample use code = 3: 1 - 8 8 8 – 9 9 0 – 9 9 8 6]. If 

you have questions about your rights as a survey participant, you may call the chairman of the 

Research Ethics Review Board at 1- 800 - 223 - 8118. Thank you again. [SKIP TO LANG1] 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

	 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Series 1, No. 55 □ Page 125 

LANG1 CATI INSTRUCTION (LANG1): THIS FIELD MUST BE FILLED IN. DO NOT ALLOW 

INTERVIEWER TO SKIP AHEAD OR CALLBACKS TO BE SET. THIS FIELD APPEARS 

AFTER COMPLETED INTERVIEWS ONLY. 

INTERVIEWER: WAS THIS INTERVIEW COMPLETED USING ENGLISH ONLY? 

(1) YES [TERMINATE INTERVIEW. GO TO COMMENTS.] 

(0) NO [SKIP TO LANG2] 

LANG2 INTERVIEWER: WHICH LANGUAGES WERE NEEDED TO COMPLETE THIS 

INTERVIEW? 

LANG2X01 ENGLISH 

LANG2X02 SPANISH 

LANG2X04 CANTONESE 

LANG2X08 KOREAN 

LANG2X09 MANDARIN 

LANG2X13 VIETNAMESE 

LANG2X14 ANOTHER LANGUAGE 

[SKIP TO LANG3] 

[SKIP TO LANG3] 

[SKIP TO LANG3] 

[SKIP TO LANG3] 

[SKIP TO LANG3] 

[SKIP TO LANG3] 

[SKIP TO LANG2_OTHER] 

LANG2_ 

OTHER 

________ OTHER LANGUAGE 

LANG3	 CATI INSTRUCTION (LANG3): IF LANG2=1 AND ANY LANG2=2 - 14 SELECTED > GO 

TO LANG3. ELSE TERMINATE INTERVIEW, IF ITS <> 67 AND GO TO COMMENTS. 

INTERVIEWER: WAS THIS INTERVIEW COMPLETED “MOSTLY IN ENGLISH” OR 

“MOSTLY IN OTHER LANGUAGE”? 

(1) MOSTLY IN ENGLISH 

(2) MOSTLY IN OTHER LANGUAGE 

(3) ABOUT HALF AND HALF 

[TERMINATE INTERVIEW. GO TO COMMENTS.] 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Page 126 [ Series 1, No. 55

Appendix V. Summary of Key Differences Between the 2003 and 2007 

Questionnaires 

Section 1

The question that asked the highest 

level of education attained by any 

member of the household (S1Q05A) 

was dropped from the 2007 version of 

the questionnaire; however, questions 

about the mother’s, father’s, or 

respondent’s highest level of education 

can be found in Section 11 (K11Q20– 

22). 

Section 2

The 2003 survey included a single 

question about specific dental problems 

(S2Q55 INDEX) that was asked only 

when parents reported that the child’s 

teeth were in fair or poor condition. For 

2007, new questions about specific 

dental problems (K2Q52–55) were 

asked for all children aged 12 months or 

over regardless of the reported condition 

of the child’s teeth. Also for 2007, the 

question about the condition of the 

child’s teeth (K2Q01_D) was moved 

earlier in the interview and away from 

the questions about specific problems. 

For 2007, a new question was 

added to ascertain the child’s birth 

weight (K2Q04). This question was 

asked only for children under age 6 

years because of concerns about the 

reliability of parent recall for older 

children. 

The 2003 survey included questions 

that asked whether a doctor or other 

health professional had ever told the 

parent that the child had various chronic 

health conditions. For 2007, new 

follow-up questions asked parents to 

report whether the child still had each 

condition. 

The 2003 survey grouped 

depression and anxiety problems 

(S2Q22) and hearing problems and 

vision problems (S2Q20). For 2007, 

questions asked about each of these 

conditions separately (K2Q32A, 

K2Q33A, K2Q43A, K2Q44A). In 

addition, for 2007, new questions were 

added to determine whether a child had 

Tourette syndrome (K2Q38A) or 

epilepsy (K2Q42A). 

The 2003 survey included a single 

question that assessed the overall 

severity of all conditions for all children 

who had ever been diagnosed with one 

or more of the chronic conditions 

included in the survey. For 2007, 

separate questions about severity were 

asked for each health problem that the 

child was reported to have. 

Several questions in the 2003 

survey about asthma and mental and 

emotional health were dropped for 2007. 

These questions included whether or not 

the child had emotional, concentration, 

or behavior difficulties (S2Q59); the 

degree to which the child’s asthma 

(S2Q51) or mental and emotional health 

(S2Q61) placed a burden on the family; 

hospitalization due to asthma (S2Q53); 

asthma attacks (S2Q52A); health 

difficulties due to asthma (S2Q50); and 

asthma medication use (S2Q52). 

For 2007, new questions on activity 

limitations (K2Q60A-K2Q61C) were 

asked for children with special health 

care needs (CSHCN). 

The 2003 survey included questions 

about immunizations for Hepatitis A 

(S4Q27-S4Q30). These questions were 

dropped for 2007. For 2007, questions 

were added about immunizations for 

adolescents aged 12–17 years 

(K2Q81-K2Q85). Questions were asked 

about receipt of the tetanus booster (Td 

or Tdap), meningitis shot (Menactra or 

Menomune), and the human 

papillomavirus shot (Gardasil or 

Cervarix). 

Section 3

The 2003 survey included a 

question about dental insurance 

coverage (S3Q03). This question was 

dropped for 2007. 

For 2007, questions about the 

adequacy of the child’s health insurance 

coverage were added (K3Q20-K3Q21B) 

for those children insured at the time of 

the interview. 

Section 4

This section was substantially 

revised for 2007. The 2003 survey 

included questions that determined the 

number of times the child visited an 

emergency room (S4Q04), whether the 

child needed prescription medications 

(S4Q15-S4Q16), and why the child did 

not receive certain kinds of care (S4Q08 

INDEX, S4Q14 INDEX, and S4Q18 

INDEX). These questions were dropped 

for 2007. 

For 2007, several new questions 

were added to ascertain whether the 

child has a usual place for care 

(K4Q01-K4Q03). Additional new 

questions asked about access and 

utilization of care from mental health 

professionals (K4Q22) and specialty 

doctors (K4Q24-K4Q28). 

The 2003 survey included a 

question asking if the child received all 

needed routine preventive dental care 

(S4Q13). For 2007, this question was 

modified to ask how many times the 

child saw a dentist for preventive dental 

care (K4Q21). 

For 2007, a question was added to 

ascertain whether children used any 

medication because of difficulties with 

emotions, concentration, or behavior 

(K4Q23). 

Section 5

This section was substantially 

revised for 2007. Nearly all of the 

questions in the 2003 survey focused on 

the availability of, and the quality of 

care received from, the child’s personal 

doctor or nurse; these questions 

(S5Q02-S5Q09, S5Q09B-S5Q10C) were 

dropped. 

For 2007, this section included 

many of the same questions used to 

assess the medical home in the 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Series 1, No. 55 [ Page 127

2005–2006 National Survey of Children 

with Special Health Care Needs. These 

questions determined the ease of 

obtaining needed referrals (K5Q10­

K5Q11), the need for care coordination 

(K5Q20-K5Q22), the satisfaction with 

health care providers’ communication 

(K5Q30-K5Q32), and the receipt of 

family-centered care (K5Q40-K5Q44). 

Section 6

For 2007, new questions were 

added regarding the receipt of a formal 

developmental screening (K6Q12­

K6Q14B) and whether the child had an 

Individualized Family Service Plan or 

Individualized Education Program 

(K6Q15). 

The 2003 survey included questions 

about accidental poisoning (S6Q57–58 

INDEX). These questions were dropped 

for 2007. 

The 2003 survey included questions 

about five different types of child care 

(S6Q48-S6Q52). For 2007, these 

questions were dropped in favor of new 

questions that determined whether child 

care was received from relatives or 

nonrelatives and whether that care was 

provided in the child’s home, another 

home-based setting, or a center 

(K6Q20-K6Q22). 

For 2007, new questions were 

added for CSHCN to determine whether 

their health or behavior limits the 

parents’ ability to find child care 

(K6Q25B-K6Q25C). 

The 2003 survey asked all 

respondents about the need to make 

different arrangements for child care at 

the last minute (S6Q53). For 2007, this 

question was limited to children for 

whom child care was used or needed. 

The 2003 survey included questions 

about the duration of breastfeeding. For 

2007, additional questions were added 

about exclusive breastfeeding, including 

the age when the child was first fed 

formula (K6Q42) and the age when the 

child was first fed anything other than 

breast milk or formula (K6Q43). 

The 2003 survey asked one question 

about reading stories to the young child. 

For 2007, a new question was added 

about telling stories and singing songs 

(K6Q61), to better address cultural 

variations in early literacy activities. 

For 2007, new questions were 

added to determine how often young 

children play with other children their 

age (K6Q63) and how often young 

children watch television or videos 

(K6Q65). 

Section 7

For 2007, new questions were 

added to determine whether the child 

had an Individualized Education 

Program (K7Q11). 

The 2003 survey included a 

question regarding the number of days 

that the child participated in clubs, 

organizations, or sports teams (S7Q12). 

For 2007, this question was dropped. 

For 2007, the question about 

self-care was modified to more clearly 

state that this question refers to time 

spent alone without an adult or teenager 

due to difficulties in making care 

arrangements (K7Q35). 

For 2007, the response options for 

the question about volunteer work 

(K7Q37) were modified to ascertain the 

frequency of such work. 

For 2007, the question about the 

number of hours that the child works for 

pay (K7Q39) was preceded by a new 

question asking whether the child earns 

money for work (K7Q38). This new 

question also clarified that occasional 

work should be included along with 

regular jobs. 

The 2003 survey included questions 

about helmet use (S7Q22-S7Q23). For 

2007, these questions were dropped. 

For 2007, a new question was 

added to determine whether there is a 

television in the child’s bedroom 

(K7Q62). 

The 2003 survey included questions 

about the respondent’s specific concerns 

regarding the child (S7Q30-S7Q39). For 

2007, these questions were dropped. 

For 2007, the answer choices for 

the NSCH Social Competence Scale 

(K7Q70-K7Q77) and for three questions 

about depressed mood (K7Q78-K7Q80) 

were modified to include ‘‘rarely’’ as an 

option. 

For 2007, two new questions were 

added to determine the child’s level of 

school engagement (K7Q82-K7Q83). 

Section 8

The 2003 survey included questions 

about the degree of closeness in the 

respondent’s relationship with the child 

(S8Q04) and about how members of the 

household deal with serious 

disagreements (S8Q12–15). For 2007, 

these questions were dropped. 

For 2007, the answer choices for 

the Aggravation in Parenting Scale 

(K8Q31-K8Q34) were modified to 

include ‘‘rarely’’ as an option. Also, one 

of the aggravation questions included in 

the 2003 survey (S8Q09) was dropped 

for 2007 due to limited cultural validity 

among Spanish-speaking Latino parents. 

These parents were more likely to 

positively regard the need to give more 

to meet the child’s needs than they had 

expected. 

Section 9

For 2007, new questions were 

added to determine whether the 

respondent had legally adopted the child 

(for children not living with any 

biological parent; K9Q12_A), the age of 

the child’s mother (K9Q16), the 

respondent’s marital status (K9Q17AK9Q17D-3) and marital happiness 

(K9Q18), and tobacco smoking inside 

the child’s home (K9Q41). 

The 2003 survey included a 

question for children not living with a 

biological parent that asked how often 

the child had seen his or her nonresident 

biological parent in the past 12 months 

(S9Q05-S9Q05A). For 2007, this 

question was dropped. 

The 2003 survey included questions 

about the health insurance coverage of 

the child’s parents (S9Q15C-S9Q15E). 

These questions were dropped for 2007. 

Section 10

For 2007, new questions were 

added regarding neighborhood amenities 

(K10Q11-K10Q14) and the 

neighborhood condition (K10Q20­

K10Q23). 

The 2003 survey included questions 

about people in the neighborhood who 

might be a ‘‘bad influence’’ on the child 

(S10Q04) and about perceptions of the 

child’s safety at home (S10Q08). For 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Page 128 [ Series 1, No. 55

2007, these questions were dropped. 

Section 11

For 2007, a new question was 

added for American Indian or Alaska 

Native children to determine whether 

services had been received from any 

Indian Health Service hospital or clinic 

during the prior 12 months (K11Q03). 

For 2007, three adoption-related 

questions were added to determine 

whether the child was adopted from 

another country (K11Q38) or from the 

U.S. foster care system (K11Q40), and 

whether the child’s adoption had been 

finalized (K11Q41). 

The 2003 survey included a 

question about receipt of benefits from 

the Women, Infants, and Children 

program (S9Q34). For 2007, this 

question was dropped. 

For 2007, new questions were 

added to confirm the respondent’s ZIP 

Code (K11Q81–82) and state of 

residence (K11Q83). 
 

 

 

 

	 

 

 

 

 

	 

 

 

 

 

 

 

	 

 

 

 

 

	 

 

 

 

 

	 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

	 

 

 

 

 

 

	 

 

 

 

 

 

 

	 

 

 

 

 

 

	 

 

 

 

 

 

	 

 

 

 

 

 

 

	 

 

 

 

 

 

	 

 

 

	 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

	 

 

 

 

 

 

	 

 

 

	 

 

 

 

 

 

	 

 

 

 

 

 

	 

	 

 

 

 

 

 

	 

 

 

 

 

 

 

	 

 

 

 

 

	 

 

 

 

 

	 

 

 

 

 

 

 

	 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

	 

 

 

Series 1, No. 55 [ Page 129

Appendix VI. Summary of Questionnaire Changes During Data 

Collection 

On May 2, 2007, changes were 

made to the following questions: 

+	 K3Q04 was changed from ‘‘During 

the past 12 months, has he/she had 

health care coverage?’’ to ‘‘During 

the past 12 months, was there any 

time when he/she had health care 

coverage?’’ 

+	 The skip patterns in questions 

K9Q17B_1 and K9Q17C_1 were 

adjusted to skip to K9Q18 if the 

respondent answered no, don’t 

know, or refused to these questions. 

The questions previously skipped to 

K9Q17B_2 and K9Q17C_2, 

respectively. 

+	 The following questions were 

adjusted to allow answers from the 

National Immunization Survey (NIS) 

to be filled when appropriate: 

K11Q02, K11Q02_OS, and K11Q20. 

+	 Interviewer help text was added at 

K6Q25A to help clarify that ‘‘need 

for occasional babysitting’’ should 

not be included when reporting 

whether child care was needed. 

+	 A system check was added at 

K9Q00 to ensure that the total 

number of people in the household 

was not equal to or less than the 

total number of children indicated in 

the household. 

On July 5, 2007, the following 

changes were made: 

+	 A question for the interviewers was 

added at the end of the National 

Survey of Children’s Health (NSCH) 

interview to ensure that non-English 

cases did not continue on to the 

National Survey of Adoptive Parents 

interview. 

+	 The text at K2Q45D was adapted 

from ‘‘Are (S.C.)’s current problems 

related to his/her bones, joints, or 

muscles?’’ to ‘‘Are (S.C.)’s current 

problems related to his/her bones, 

his/her joints, or his/her muscles?’’ 

to make the response options clearer 

for respondents. 

+	 The skip logic at K2Q60A was 

revised to allow this question for 

children aged 12–71 months. 

Previously, the question was asked 

for all children under age 6 years 

(72 months). 

+	 The skip logic at K2Q60C was 

revised to allow this question for 

children aged 36–71 months. 

Previously, the question was asked 

for all children under age 6 years 

(72 months). 

+	 Text fills for K9Q11 were changed 

to add ‘‘other’’ where appropriate 

based on the relationship of the 

respondent to the child: ‘‘Does 

(S.C.) have any other parents, or 

other people who act as his/her 

parents, living here?’’ 

+	 Wording at K9Q1159A was changed 

from ‘‘Would you say this income 

was above or below $ (dollar 

amount)?’’ to ‘‘Would you say this 

income was more or less than 

$(dollar amount)?’’ 

+	 The response option ‘‘U.S. 

territories’’ was added as an option 

at question K11Q83. 

+	 The skip logic at K6Q11 was 

erroneously modified so that K6Q11 

was asked only when parents 

reported concerns at K6Q01 and 

also reported a concern at K6Q02 

through K6Q09. Previously, K6Q11 

was asked for age-eligible children 

if any concerns were reported at 

K6Q01 through K6Q09. This error 

was not identified until after data 

collection had been completed. 

+	 The text at K10Q22 was modified 

from ‘‘How about poorly kept or 

dilapidated housing?’’ to ‘‘How 

about poorly kept or rundown 

housing?’’ to aid respondents’ 

understanding of the question. 

+	 K2Q38A was moved after K2Q41A 

(from before K2Q40A) to facilitate 

questionnaire flow. 

+	 The system was adapted to allow 

answers to the health insurance 

questions from the NIS to be filled 

for NSCH when appropriate (that is, 

when the selected child in NSCH 

was an NIS child). 

+	 Six questions related to special 

health care needs were added for 

children who were not identified as 

having special health care needs. 

These included K2Q12A, K2Q15A, 

K2Q18A, K2Q21A, K2QTEST1, 

and K2QTEST2. 

+	 K2Q30D was added. 

+	 For questions K6Q65, K7Q50, 

K7Q51, and K7Q60, interviewer 

instructions (regarding ‘‘average 

weekdays recently’’) were added to 

account for the transition from 

school year to summer activities. 

+	 A system soft check was added at 

S_UNDR18 to verify entries less 

than S_NUMB (the NIS variable 

capturing how many NIS-eligible 

children were in the household). 

On July 18, 2007, the following 

changes were made: 

+	 In SCQ02, SCQ04, and SL_INTRO, 

the sentences were rearranged so 

that the estimated interview length 

was provided after the respondent 

was offered a monetary incentive, if 

applicable. 

+	 The response options for question 

K8Q23 were changed from ‘‘very 

often, sometimes, not very often, 

almost never, or never’’ to ‘‘never, 

rarely, sometimes, usually, or 

always.’’ 

+	 The skip logic at K8Q26 was 

revised to allow this question for 

children aged 13 years and over. 

Previously, the question was asked 

for children aged 12 years and over. 

On October 5, 2007, the following 

changes were made: 

+	 Interviewer instructions were added 

at K9Q20, K9Q21, K9Q22, K9Q23, 

K9Q24, K9Q25, K9Q30, K9Q31, 

K9Q32, K11Q20, K11Q21, K11Q22, 

K11Q30, K11Q31, K11Q32, 

K11Q34A, K11Q35A, and 

K11Q36A to clarify exactly who the 

question was referring to in cases 

where the respondent switched or a 

data entry error had occurred. 

+	 The consent language was changed 

at SCQ02, SCQ04, and SL_INTRO 

from ‘‘You may choose not to 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

	 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

	 

 

 

 

Page 130 [ Series 1, No. 55

answer any question you don’t wish 

to answer or stop at any time 

without penalty’’ to ‘‘You may 

choose not to answer any questions 

you don’t wish to answer, or end the 

interview at any time.’’ In addition, 

at SL_INTRO, the language was 

changed from ‘‘We will take all 

possible steps to protect your 

privacy and are required by law to 

use your answers only for statistical 

research’’ to ‘‘We are required by 

Federal law to develop and follow 

strict procedures to protect your 

information and use your answers 

only for statistical research.’’ 

On January 3, 2008, the following 

changes were made: 

+	 Language in SCQ02 and SCQ03 

was adjusted to allow for smooth 

transitions from the NIS-Teen 

questionnaire into NSCH. In 

addition, the system was 

programmed to allow answers from 

the NIS-Teen survey to be filled for 

NSCH when appropriate. 

+	 The skip logic before K9Q11 was 

changed so that single-mother and 

single-father households skipped to 

K9Q12_A rather than K9Q16. 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

	 

 

	 

 	 	 	 	 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Series 1, No. 55 [ Page 131

Appendix VII. Procedures for Assigning Poverty Status 

The U.S. Department of Health and + Category F— Above 200% to at or Respondent reported income

Human Services (HHS) publishes below 300% of poverty level range based on a closed-ended

poverty guidelines for the determination + Category G— Above 300% to at or series of questions—Refers to 

of household poverty status (http:// below 400% of poverty level when respondents did not supply a 

aspe.hhs.gov/poverty). These guidelines + Category H— Above 400% of specific dollar amount for 

are produced annually and developed poverty level household income, and it was then 

separately for three groups: the 48 necessary to ask a series of Two variables were used to contiguous states (plus the District of

questions to determine whether the determine household poverty status: the Columbia), Alaska, and Hawaii.

household income was below, number of people residing in a The 2007 National Survey of

exactly at, or above threshold household and the total household Children’s Health (NSCH) used HHS

amounts. A matrix (Tables VI, VII, income during the prior year. It was guidelines to assign household poverty

and VIII) was created to categorize possible for income data to be gathered status. Year 2007 guidelines (Tables III,

these responses. Each cell in the using one of three different methods. A IV, and V) were used with 2006 income

matrix was assigned to one of the respondent could provide an exact for interviews conducted from April 5,

following income categories: income, provide an income range based 2007 through December 31, 2007, and on a closed-ended series of questions, or + $0–$7,500 with 2007 income for interviews provide an income range using a set of + $7,501– $10,000 conducted from January 1, 2008 through cascade questions revised to allow exact + $10,001– $12,500 July 27, 2008. The tables were used to determination of household poverty + $12,501– $15,000 group households into the following status in cases where that would not + $15,001– $17,500 poverty status categories: otherwise be possible. A brief + $17,501– $20,000 

+	 Category AA—At or below 50% of description of each method and the + $20,001– $25,000 

poverty level household poverty status assignment + $25,001– $30,000 

+	 Category A— Above 50% to at or process is as follows: + $30,001– $35,000 

below 100% of poverty level + $35,001– $40,000 Respondent reported exact

+	 Category B— Above 100% to at or + $40,001– $45,000 income—Refers to when a below 133% of poverty level

+ $45,001– $50,000 respondent reported an exact +	 Category C— Above 133% to at or + $50,001– $60,000 income, and poverty status was then below 150% of poverty level

+ $60,001– $75,000 assigned by simply comparing the +	 Category D— Above 150% to at or + $75,001 or higher number of household members and below 185% of poverty level the exact income reported with the Respondents who went through the +	 Category E— Above 185% to at or appropriate guidelines table. cascade of income questions were below 200% of poverty level assigned a household poverty status by 

comparing the number of household 

members and the income range obtained 

Table III. Year 2007 guidelines for poverty ranges based on total family members for through the income cascade with the families in the 48 contiguous states and the District of Columbia appropriate poverty level guidelines 

Percent of federal poverty level table. When respondents did not 

Family complete the income cascade, either size 50 100 133 150 185 200 300 400

because they refused or did not know 

2 ......... $ 6,845 13,690 18,208 20,535 25,327 27,380 41,070 54,760 the answer to one of the cascade 

3 ......... $ 8,585 17,170 22,836 25,755 31,765 34,340 51,510 68,680 questions, household poverty status 4 ......... $10,325 20,650 27,465 30,975 38,203 41,300 61,950 82,600
 could not be assigned. 5 ......... $12,065 24,130 32,093 36,195 44,641 48,260 72,390 96,520
 

6 ......... $13,805 27,610 36,721 41,415 51,079 55,220 82,830 110,440
 Respondent reported income 7 ......... $15,545 31,090 41,350 46,635 57,517 62,180 93,270 124,360
 

8 ......... $17,285 34,570 45,978 51,855 63,955 69,140 103,710 138,280 range based on revised series of
 

9 ......... $19,025 38,050 50,607 57,075 70,393 76,100 114,150 152,200 cascade questions—In some cases,

10 ........ $20,765 41,530 55,235 62,295 76,831 83,060 124,590 166,120
 the income categories described 11 ........ $22,505 45,010 59,863 67,515 83,269 90,020 135,030 180,040
 previously encompassed one or 12 ........ $24,245 48,490 64,492 72,735 89,707 96,980 145,470 193,960
 

13 ........ $25,985 51,970 69,120 77,955 96,145 103,940 155,910 207,880 more income breaks for determining

14 ........ $27,725 55,450 73,749 83,175 102,583 110,900 166,350 221,800 household poverty status. In such

15 ........ $29,465 58,930 78,377 88,395 109,021 117,860 176,790 235,720
 cases, additional income cascade 16 ........ $31,205 62,410 83,005 93,615 115,459 124,820 187,230 249,640
 questions beyond the standard set 17 ........ $32,945 65,890 87,634 98,835 121,897 131,780 197,670 263,560

18 ........ $34,685 69,370 92,262 104,055 128,335 138,740 208,110 277,480 were asked to permit definitive 

assignment of poverty status. For 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Page 132 [ Series 1, No. 55

Table IV. Year 2007 guidelines for poverty ranges based on total family members for

families in Hawaii

Percent of federal poverty level

Family

size 50 100 133 150 185 200 300 400

2 ......... $ 7,875 15,750 20,948 23,625 29,138 31,500 47,250 63,000

3 ......... $ 9,875 19,750 26,268 29,625 36,538 39,500 59,250 79,000

4 ......... $11,875 23,750 31,588 35,625 43,938 47,500 71,250 95,000

5 ......... $13,875 27,750 36,908 41,625 51,338 55,500 83,250 111,000

6 ......... $15,875 31,750 42,228 47,625 58,738 63,500 95,250 127,000

7 ......... $17,875 35,750 47,548 53,625 66,138 71,500 107,250 143,000

8 ......... $19,875 39,750 52,868 59,625 73,538 79,500 119,250 159,000

9 ......... $21,875 43,750 58,188 65,625 80,938 87,500 131,250 175,000

10 ........ $23,875 47,750 63,508 71,625 88,338 95,500 143,250 191,000

11 ........ $25,875 51,750 68,828 77,625 95,738 103,500 155,250 207,000

12 ........ $27,875 55,750 74,148 83,625 103,138 111,500 167,250 223,000

13 ........ $29,875 59,750 79,468 89,625 110,538 119,500 179,250 239,000

14 ........ $31,875 63,750 84,788 95,625 117,938 127,500 191,250 255,000

15 ........ $33,875 67,750 90,108 101,625 125,338 135,500 203,250 271,000

16 ........ $35,875 71,750 95,428 107,625 132,738 143,500 215,250 287,000

17 ........ $37,875 75,750 100,748 113,625 140,138 151,500 227,250 303,000

18 ........ $39,875 79,750 106,068 119,625 147,538 159,500 239,250 319,000

Table V. Year 2007 guidelines for poverty ranges based on total family members for families

in Alaska

Percent of federal poverty level

Family size 50 100 133 150 185 200 300 400

2 .............. $ 8,560 17,120 22,770 25,680 31,672 34,240 51,360 68,480 
 

3 .............. $10,735 21,470 28,555 32,205 39,720 42,940 64,410 85,880
 

4 .............. $12,910 25,820 34,341 38,730 47,767 51,640 77,460 103,280
 

5 .............. $15,085 30,170 40,126 45,255 55,815 60,340 90,510 120,680
 

6 .............. $17,260 34,520 45,912 51,780 63,862 69,040 103,560 138,080
 

7 .............. $19,435 38,870 51,697 58,305 71,910 77,740 116,610 155,480
 

8 .............. $21,610 43,220 57,483 64,830 79,957 86,440 129,660 172,880
 

9 .............. $23,785 47,570 63,268 71,355 88,005 95,140 142,710 190,280
 

10 ............. $25,960 51,920 69,054 77,880 96,052 103,840 155,760 207,680
 

11 ............. $28,135 56,270 74,839 84,405 104,100 112,540 168,810 225,080
 

12 ............. $30,310 60,620 80,625 90,930 112,147 121,240 181,860 242,480
 

13 ............. $32,485 64,970 86,410 97,455 120,195 129,940 194,910 259,880
 

14 ............. $34,660 69,320 92,196 103,980 128,242 138,640 207,960 277,280
 

15 ............. $36,835 73,670 97,981 110,505 136,290 147,340 221,010 294,680
 

16 ............. $39,010 78,020 103,767 117,030 144,337 156,040 234,060 312,080
 

17 ............. $41,185 82,370 109,552 123,555 152,385 164,740 247,110 329,480
 

18 ............. $43,360 86,720 115,338 130,080 160,432 173,440 260,160 346,880
 

example, the income break 

indicating that a two-person 

household in the contiguous 48 

states was below 50% of poverty 

(using the 2007 guidelines) was 

$6,845. This income break is 

encompassed in the income 

category of ‘‘$0 to $7,500.’’ 

Therefore, an additional cascade 

question asked whether the 

household income was more than, 

exactly, or less than $6,800 (a 

reference value based on rounding 

rules described in the notes to the 

poverty guidelines tables). Based on 

the answers to these additional 

questions, the reported income 

ranges no longer encompassed 

poverty status breaks. Household 

poverty status was assigned by 

comparing the number of household 

members and the income range with 

the appropriate guidelines table. 

Using HHS guidelines and 

NSCH-specific rounding rules, 

tables were developed to provide 

reference values for the additional 

income cascade questions. These 

reference values are presented in 

Tables VI, VII, and VIII. 
 

table for additional income cascade questions for households in the 48 contiguous states and the District of Columbia

Reported range of total household income

$10,000– $12,500– $15,000– $17,500– $20,000– $25,000– $30,000– $35,000– $40,000– $45,000– $50,000– $60,000– $75,000

$12,499 $14,999 $17,499 $19,999 24,999 $29,999 $34,999 $39,999 $44,999 $49,999 $59,999 $74,999 and over

A $13,700 B $18,200 D $27,400 F F $41,100 G $54,800 H H

A A A B $22,800 D $31,800 F F F $51,500 $68,700 H

A A A A B $27,500 $31,000 $38,200 $41,300 F F $62,000 $85,000

AA A A A A B $32,100 $36,200 D $48,300 F $72,400 $100,000

$51,100

$85,000/

AA $13,800 A A A $27,600 B $36,700 $41,400 D $55,200 F $110,000

$95,000/

AA AA A A A A $31,100 B $41,400 $46,600 $57,500 $62,200 $125,000

$64,000

$105,000/

AA AA AA A A A A B B $46,000 $51,900 $69,100 $140,000

$75,000/

AA AA AA $19,000 A A A $38,100 B B $57,100 $70,400 $115,000

$85,000/

AA AA AA AA A A A A $41,500 B $55,200 $62,300 $125,000

$90,000/

AA AA AA AA $22,500 A A A A B B $67,500 $135,000

$64,500/ $95,000/

AA AA AA AA AA A A A A $48,500 B $72,700 $145,000

$105,000/

AA AA AA AA AA $26,000 A A A A $52,000 $69,100 $155,000

$110,000/

AA AA AA AA AA $27,700 A A A A $55,500 $73,700 $165,000

$120,000/

AA AA AA AA AA AA A A A A $59,000 B $175,000

$125,000/

AA AA AA AA AA AA $31,200 A A A A $62,400 $185,000

come was included within two or more poverty ranges, additional questions (K11Q59 and K11Q59A) were asked to determine the poverty range for the household. Values within the body of this table

Additional income questions were asked with this value (‘‘Would you say this income was more or less than [value]?’’) to identify the proper poverty range for the household. Values were rounded to the

the nearest $5,000 if income was over $75,000. When income was less than $20,000, the additional income questions were not asked if the value (i.e., the range border) was less than $900 from either

e. Letters rather than values signify that the reported range of household income was entirely within one poverty range. The poverty range for each letter shown is listed in the first bulleted section under

us’’ of Appendix VII.

Series 1, No. 55[ Page 133
 

table for additional income cascade questions for households in Alaska

Reported range of total household income

$10,000– $12,500– $15,000– $17,500– $20,000– $25,000– $30,000– $35,000– $40,000– $45,000– $50,000– $60,000– $75,000

$12,499 $14,999 $17,499 $19,999 24,999 $29,999 $34,999 $39,999 $44,999 $49,999 $59,999 $74,999 and over

A A A B $22,800 D $31,700 F F F $51,400 $68,500 H

$10,700 A A A $21,500 $28,600 $32,200 D $42,900 F F $64,400 $85,000

$75,000/

AA A A A A B B $38,700 D $47,800 $51,600 F $105,000

$90,000/

AA AA A A A A B B C D $55,800 F $120,000

$63,900/ $105,000/

AA AA AA A A A A B B C $51,800 $69,000 $140,000

$51,700/ $115,000/

AA AA AA $19,400 A A A $38,900 B B $58,300 $71,900 $155,000

$85,000/

AA AA AA AA $21,600 A A A $43,200 B $57,500 $64,800 $130,000

$95,000/

AA AA AA AA $23,800 A A A A $47,600 B $63,300 $140,000

$105,000/

AA AA AA AA AA $26,000 A A A A $51,900 $69,000 $155,000

$115,000/

AA AA AA AA AA $28,100 A A A A $56,300 $74,800 $170,000

$120,000/

AA AA AA AA AA AA A A A A A B $180,000

$125,000/

AA AA AA AA AA AA $32,500 A A A A $65,000 $195,000

$140,000/

AA AA AA AA AA AA AA A A A A $69,300 $210,000

$145,000/

AA AA AA AA AA AA AA $36,800 A A A $73,700 $220,000

$155,000/

AA AA AA AA AA AA AA $39,000 A A A A $235,000

$165,000/

AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA $41,200 A A A $245,000

$175,000/

AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA $43,400 A A A $260,000

come was included within two or more poverty ranges, additional questions (K11Q59 and K11Q59A) were asked to determine the poverty range for the household. Values within the body of this table

Additional income questions were asked with this value (‘‘Would you say this income was more or less than [value]?’’) to identify the proper poverty range for the household. Values were rounded to the

the nearest $5,000 if income was over $75,000. When income was less than $20,000, the additional income questions were not asked if the value (i.e., the range border) was less than $900 from either

e. Letters rather than values signify that the reported range of household income was entirely within one poverty range. The poverty range for each letter shown is listed in the first bulleted section under

us’’ of Appendix VII.

Page 134[ Series 1, No. 55
 

e table for additional income cascade questions for households in Hawaii

Reported range of total household income

$10,000– $12,500– $15,000– $17,500– $20,000– $25,000– $30,000– $35,000– $40,000– $45,000– $50,000– $60,000– $75,000

$12,499 $14,999 $17,499 $19,999 24,999 $29,999 $34,999 $39,999 $44,999 $49,999 $59,999 $74,999 and over

A A $15,800 B $23,600 D $31,500 F F $47,300 G $63,000 H

A A A A B $26,300 D $36,500 F F F G $79,000

$11,900 A A A $23,800 B $31,600 D $43,900 $47,500 F $71,300 $95,000

$51,300/ $85,000/

AA $13,900 A A A $27,800 B $36,900 $41,600 D $55,500 F $110,000

$95,000/

AA AA $15,900 A A A $31,800 B $42,200 $47,600 $58,700 $63,500 $125,000

$66,100/ $110,000/

AA AA AA A A A A B B $47,500 $53,600 $71,500 $145,000

$80,000/

AA AA AA AA A A A A B B $52,900 $73,500 $120,000

$90,000/

AA AA AA AA $21,900 A A A $43,800 B $58,200 $65,600 $130,000

$63,500/ $95,000/

AA AA AA AA $23,900 A A A A $47,800 B $71,600 $145,000

$105,000/

AA AA AA AA AA A A A A A $51,800 $68,800 $155,000

$110,000/

AA AA AA AA AA $27,900 A A A A $55,800 B $170,000

$120,000/

AA AA AA AA AA AA A A A A A B $180,000

$130,000/

AA AA AA AA AA AA $31,900 A A A A $63,800 $190,000

$135,000/

AA AA AA AA AA AA $33,900 A A A A $67,800 $205,000

$145,000/

AA AA AA AA AA AA AA A A A A $71,800 $215,000

$150,000/

AA AA AA AA AA AA AA $37,900 A A A A $230,000

$160,000/

AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA A A A A $240,000

come was included within two or more poverty ranges, additional questions (K11Q59 and K11Q59A) were asked to determine the poverty range for the household. Values within the body of this table

Additional income questions were asked with this value (‘‘Would you say this income was more or less than [value]?’’) to identify the proper poverty range for the household. Values were rounded to the

the nearest $5,000 if income was over $75,000. When income was less than $20,000, the additional income questions were not asked if the value (i.e., the range border) was less than $900 from either

e. Letters rather than values signify that the reported range of household income was entirely within one poverty range. The poverty range for each letter shown is listed in the first bulleted section under

us’’ of Appendix VII.

Series 1, No. 55[ Page 135
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Page 136 [ Series 1, No. 55

Appendix VIII. Program Names Used for Medicaid and Children’s 

Health Insurance Program Questions 

For questions regarding Medicaid 

and Children’s Health Insurance 

Program (CHIP), the state-specific 

program names for each type of 

coverage were included in the question 

text, in case respondents recognized the 

state program name but not the national 

program affiliation. These program 

names are shown in Table IX. Because a 

single question (K3Q02) was asked 

about both Medicaid and CHIP, survey 

analysts will not be able to distinguish 

between Medicaid and CHIP coverage 

in national or regional analyses. 

Analysts may be required to report on 

‘‘public’’ insurance only. 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Series 1, No. 55 [ Page 137

Table IX. State-specific insurance program names used for questions about Medicaid and the Children’s Health Insurance Program

State Program name

Alabama ....................... 
 

Alaska ......................... 
 

Arizona ........................ 
 

Arkansas ....................... 
 

California . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
 

Colorado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
 

Connecticut...................... 
 

Delaware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
 

District of Columbia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
 

Florida. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
 

Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
 

Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
 

Idaho ......................... 
 

Illinois . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
 

Indiana ........................ 
 

Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
 

Kansas ........................ 
 

Kentucky ....................... 
 

Louisiana ....................... 
 

Maine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
 

Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
 

Massachusetts.................... 
 

Michigan ....................... 
 

Minnesota ...................... 
 

Mississippi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
 

Missouri ........................ 
 

Montana ....................... 
 

Nebraska ....................... 
 

Nevada ........................ 
 

New Hampshire ................... 
 

New Jersey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
 

New Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
 

New York . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
 

North Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
 

North Dakota..................... 
 

Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
 

Oklahoma....................... 
 

Oregon ........................ 
 

Pennsylvania..................... 
 

Rhode Island..................... 
 

South Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
 

South Dakota .................... 
 

Tennessee ...................... 
 

Texas ......................... 
 

Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
 

Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
 

Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
 

Washington...................... 
 

West Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
 

Wisconsin....................... 
 

Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
 

Patient 1st Program; ALL Kids

Denali KidCare

AHCCCS; KidsCare

ConnectCare; ARKids First

Medi-Cal; Healthy Families Program

MAC Card or the Primary Care Physician Program; Child Health Plan Plus

HUSKY Plan

Diamond State Health Plan; Delaware Healthy Children Program

DC Healthy Families

Florida KidCare, which includes the Healthy Kids and Medi-Kids programs

Georgia Better Health Care Program and Georgia Healthy Families; PeachCare for Kids

Hawaii-QUEST

Healthy Connections; Children’s Health Insurance Program (CHIP)

All Kids

Hoosier Healthwise program

MediPASS; Healthy and Well Kids in Iowa (HAWK-I)

HealthConnect Kansas; HealthWave

KyHealth Choices or KENPAC; Kentucky Children’s Health Insurance Program (K-CHIP)

CommunityCARE program; Louisiana CHIP

Maine Care

Medical Assistance Program; HealthChoice; Maryland Children’s Health Program

MassHealth

Healthy Kids Program; MI-Child Program

Medical Assistance; MinnesotaCare

Mississippi CHIP

MC-Plus; MC-Plus For Kids

Passport to Health program; Montana CHIP

Kids Connection; Nebraska Health Connection program

Nevada Check Up

Healthy Kids Gold; Health Kids Silver

New Jersey FamilyCare

SALUD!; New MexiKids

Child Health Plus

Carolina ACCESS; North Carolina Health Choice for Children

Healthy Steps program

Healthy Start and Healthy Families

SoonerCare

Oregon Health Plan; Oregon CHIP

HealthChoices; ACCESS Card; CHIP

RIte Care

Partners for Healthy Children

PRIME; CHIP

TennCare

State of Texas Access Reform (STAR); Texas CHIP

Utah Children’s Health Insurance Program; CHIP

Dr. Dynasaur

Medallion program; Family Access to Medical Insurance Security Plan (FAMIS)

Healthy Options; Basic Health Plus; Washington State’s CHIP

West Virginia Physician Assured Access System; Mountain Health Trust program; West Virginia CHIP

BadgerCare

EqualityCare; Wyoming KidCare
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Page 138 [ Series 1, No. 55

Appendix IX. Letters Sent to Sampled Households 

Nine advance letters, follow-up 

letters, and thank you letters were used 

over the course of data collection: 

1.NIS advance letter for the second 

quarter of 2007 (Q2/2007). This 

letter was also used for some NIS 

households in Q3/2007 and 

Q4/2007. 

2.NIS advance letter for Q1/2007. This 

letter was one of two experimental 

letters used for some NIS 

households in Q3/2007 and 

Q4/2007. 

3.NIS experimental advance letter for 

Q3/2007 and Q4/2007. 

4.Advance letter for banked sample 

[with mention of the National 

Immunization Survey (NIS)]. 

5.Advance letter for banked sample 

(without mention of the NIS). 

6.Advance letter for National Survey 

of Children’s Health (NSCH)-only 

‘‘augmentation’’ households. 

7.Follow-up letter when incentives 

were offered to households that had 

refused twice. 

8.Follow-up letter when incentives 

were offered to households that 

could not be successfully contacted 

over a period of time. 

9.Thank you letter when incentive was 

mailed. The amount of the incentive 

listed was either $10 or $15, 

depending on whether the household 

already received $5 in an advance 

letter. 

Because NSCH typically follows 

NIS, the advance letter sent to most 

households was the usual NIS advance 

letter. In the second half of 2007, NIS 

studied whether response rates were 

affected when the advance letter was 

altered to improve readability and 

respondent comprehension. (The primary 

content of the advance letter remained 

unchanged.) The experiment utilized 

three letters in Q3/2007 and Q4/2007: 

the original NIS letter that was used in 

Q2/2007 and two experimental letters. 

The first experimental letter included 

changes to the overall tone and 

formatting, as well as placement of 

confidentiality content based on 

recommendations of the U.S. Census 

Bureau’s 2001 report on the Survey of 

Income and Program Participation 

advance letter (33). The second 

experimental letter provided short 

paragraphs about the study on the front, 

followed by labeled sections to address 

common questions and provide full 

information about the study on the back. 

To evaluate the experiment, NIS 

considered age-eligibility rates, 

cooperation rates, and response rates. 

None of the three letters consistently 

produced the highest rates. NIS adopted 

the first experimental letter as the NIS 

advance letter beginning in Q1/2008. 

For the Q1/2007 banked sample, 

significant time had elapsed since cases 

received the NIS advance letter. 

Therefore, an NSCH-specific advance 

letter was sent to all cases with an 

available address. An experiment 

comparing two different letters was 

conducted to determine whether 

referencing NIS and that survey’s 

previous call attempts would trigger a 

memory for the respondent and whether 

that would be an asset or a detriment to 

NSCH. The letter mentioning NIS 

included the following text as the first 

paragraph: 

Recently, the Centers for Disease 

Control and Prevention (CDC) 

asked your household to take part in 

the National Immunization Survey 

(NIS). Thank you for the time you 

took to respond to that survey. We 

now need your help with another 

important health survey about 

children across the U.S. 

Beyond this language, the letters 

had no significant differences. No 

significant difference in response rates 

between the two letters was found. 
 

 

 

Series 1, No. 55 [ Page 139

Appendix X. Disposition Code Frequencies and Response Rate 

Calculation 

This section consists of Table X and 

Table XI. 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Page 140 [ Series 1, No. 55

Table X. Frequencies of disposition codes

Disposition Percent

Disposition code by name category Frequency of total

Total number of telephone lines in sample ............................... 2,806,416 100.00
 

Not attempted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . UH 7 0.00 
 

No contact ................................................... UH 191,956 6.84
 

Answering machine; residential status unknown ............................ UH 82,561 2.94 
 

Spanish case; residential status unknown ................................ UH 210 0.00 
 

Appointment at introduction; residential status unknown ....................... UH 1,628 0.06 
 

Callback at introduction; residential status unknown.......................... UH 10,475 0.37 
 

Hang-up during introduction; residential status unknown ....................... UH 87,920 3.13 
 

Refusal at introduction; residential status unknown .......................... UH 71,133 2.53 
 

Other Introduction; residential status unknown ............................. UH 82 0.00 
 

Answering machine; known household.................................. UO 2,317 0.08 
 

Appointment; known household (NIS screening pending) ...................... UO 8,468 0.30 
 

Callback; known household (NIS screening pending) ......................... UO 23,435 0.84 
 

Refusal; known household (NIS screening pending) ......................... UO 25,110 0.89 
 

Other; known household (NIS screening pending)........................... UO 488 0.00 
 

Appointment prior to NSCH Item S_UNDR18 (NSCH screening pending) ............ UO 621 0.00 
 

Callback prior to NSCH Item S_UNDR18 (NSCH screening pending)............... UO 3,761 0.13 
 

Refusal prior to NSCH Item S_UNDR18 (NSCH screening pending) ............... UO 9,530 0.34 
 

Other prior to NSCH Item S_UNDR18 (NSCH screening pending)................. UO 312 0.00 
 

Prefinalized Do Not Call List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . UO 9 0.00 
 

Minor HH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . X 2,843 0.10 
 

Age ineligible ................................................. X 377,287 13.44
 

NIS-level appointment (NIS eligible) ................................... R 114 0.00 
 

NIS-level callback (NIS eligible) ...................................... R 52 0.00 
 

NIS-level refusal (NIS eligible) ....................................... R 1,159 0.00 
 

NIS-level other (NIS eligible) ........................................ R 9 0.00 
 

NIS-finalized eligible for SLAITS redialing, recontact unsuccessful................. R 1,748 0.06 
 

Teen-level appointment (Teen screening pending) ........................... R 41 0.00 
 

Teen-level callback (Teen screening pending) ............................. R 102 0.00 
 

Teen-level refusal (Teen screening pending) .............................. R 317 0.00 
 

Teen-level other (Teen screening pending) ............................... R 10 0.00 
 

Teen-level appointment (Teen eligible) .................................. R 6 0.00 
 

Teen-level callback (Teen eligible)..................................... R 5 0.00 
 

Teen-level refusal (Teen eligible) ..................................... R 121 0.00 
 

Teen-level other (Teen eligible) ...................................... R 1 0.00 
 

Teen-finalized eligible for SLAITS redialing, recontact unsuccessful ................ R 237 0.00 
 

Appointment prior to NSCH Item K8Q12................................. R 7,602 0.27 
 

Callback prior to NSCH Item K8Q12 ................................... R 9,673 0.34 
 

Refusal prior to NSCH Item K8Q12.................................... R 21,762 0.78 
 

NIS-finalized eligible for SLAITS redialing, ended prior to NSCH Item K8Q12 .......... R 274 0.00 
 

Teen-finalized eligible for SLAITS redialing, ended prior to NSCH Item K8Q12 ......... R 38 0.00 
 

Other prior to NSCH Item K8Q12 ..................................... R 463 0.00 
 

Appointment-partial interview........................................ P 309 0.00 
 

Callback-partial interview .......................................... P 350 0.00 
 

Refusal-partial interview ........................................... P 413 0.00 
 

Other-partial interview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . P 5 0.00 
 

NIS-finalized eligible for SLAITS redialing; partial interview ..................... P 7 0.00 
 

Teen-finalized eligible for SLAITS redialing; partial interview .................... P 1 0.00 
 

Completed household interview ...................................... I 71,388 2.54 
 

Converted household interview from refusal .............................. I 18,712 0.67 
 

Converted household interview; NIS-finalized eligible for SLAITS redialing............ I 407 0.00 
 

Converted household interview; Teen-finalized eligible for SLAITS redialing ........... I 50 0.00 
 

Three or more fax or modem prior to contact.............................. Z 35,575 1.27 
 

Three or more fast busy prior to contact................................. Z 14,810 0.53 
 

Three or more other technological problem prior to contact ..................... Z 630 0.00 
 

Two or more not in service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Z 250,155 8.91
 

Nonworking .................................................. Z 22,451 0.80 
 

Number changed ............................................... Z 806 0.00 
 

Not residential................................................. Z 119,746 4.27 
 

GENESYS-resolved telephone numbers (nonworking, business, and fax or modem) ..... Z 1,326,714 47.27
 

0.00 Quantity more than zero, but less than 0.05.
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Table XI. Unweighted response rate calculations

Series 1, No. 55 [ Page 141

Frequency or Code or

Disposition categories and response rates calculated rate formula

Summary of disposition categories

Not resolved as residential or nonresidential .................. 445,972 UH

Known household; age eligibility undetermined ................ 74,051 UO

Out of scope (business, nonworking, fax, or modem)............. 1,770,887 Z

Age-screened household; no child in range ................... 380,130 X

Known age-eligible household ........................... 43,734 R

Eligible household; partially completed interview ................ 1,085 P

Eligible household; completed interview ..................... 90,557 I

Total ........................................... 2,806,416 ...

Calculation of response rates

Resolution rate (RR) ................................. 84.1 (I + P + R + X + UO + Z)/(I + P + R + X + UO + Z + UH)

Screener completion rate (SCR).......................... 87.4 (I + P + R + X)/(I + P + R + X + UO)

Interview completion rate (ICR) .......................... 67.7 (I + P)/(I + P + R)

Overall response rate ................................ 49.8 (ICR)(SCR)(RR)

. . . Category not applicable.

NOTE: See Table X for code definitions.
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Page 142 [ Series 1, No. 55

Appendix XI. Incentive Effort 

To improve the likelihood that 

age-eligible households would 

participate in the National Survey of 

Children’s Health (NSCH) and would 

contribute to a more complete dataset, 

an incentive plan was developed and 

executed during NSCH data collection. 

This plan was guided by previously 

successful incentive efforts in the 

National Immunization Survey (NIS) 

and the 2005–2006 National Survey of 

Children with Special Health Care 

Needs. Although initial consideration 

was given to offering an incentive 

payment to all age-eligible NSCH 

households who completed the 

interview, cost constraints prohibited the 

application of this model in light of the 

significant number of targeted 

interviews planned for NSCH. 

Eligibility

A two-tiered incentive model was 

constructed to offer incentives to 

age-eligible households that refused 

participation in NSCH. The first refusal 

could have occurred during NIS, 

NIS–Teen, or NSCH. Once a case 

refused, it became eligible for Tier 1 of 

the incentive model: A $10 incentive for 

NSCH interview participation was 

offered to the household during the next 

call attempt. If the case refused a second 

time without completing the interview, 

the case became eligible for Tier 2 of 

the incentive model: An additional $5 

was offered to the household. 

Households that refused after this 

additional incentive offer without 

completing the interview were finalized 

(that is, given a final disposition code) 

and not called again. 

Eligibility for an NSCH incentive 

was initially limited to age-eligible 

households that had refused participation 

(that is, an active refusal). However, 

nonresponse analyses of age-eligible 

households following implementation of 

the two-tiered incentive model led to the 

application of an expanded incentive 

effort. This analysis of age-eligible cases 

that had neither finalized nor finished 

the NSCH interview revealed two 

groups of cases with similar patterns of 

nonresponse. The first group consisted 

of households that had not refused 

participation, but multiple attempts to 

contact these households over 21 or 

more days had resulted in no contact. 

The second group consisted of 

households that had refused participation 

once and had become eligible for the 

Tier 1 incentive, yet multiple attempts to 

recontact these households over 21 or 

more days had resulted in no contact. 

These patterns of continued nonresponse 

despite repeated attempts at contact with 

the household were classified as passive 

refusals. The Tier 2 incentive ($15), 

typically reserved for active refusal 

cases, was offered to passive refusal 

cases to ensure they were not 

underrepresented in NSCH data and to 

maximize the likelihood of contact with 

these households. 

Following the passive incentive 

offer, both types of passive refusal cases 

remained active until they accumulated 

two refusals in their call history. Passive 

refusal cases with one previous active 

refusal were finalized after one 

subsequent refusal; passive refusals with 

no previous active refusals were 

finalized after the second subsequent 

refusal. At the point of their second 

refusal, both groups of passive incentive 

cases were finalized and were not called 

again. 

If, at any time, a household refused 

participation in a hostile manner or 

requested to be removed from the 

calling list, the case was deactivated and 

not called again. The case was not 

eligible for Tier 1 or Tier 2 incentives. 

Procedure for Offering

Tier 1 Incentives

Once a household met the criteria 

for the Tier 1 incentive, the incentive 

offer of $10 was introduced in the 

consent script, callback script, and/or 

answering machine script, depending on 

the point at which the refusal occurred. 

For households that were ineligible for 

the NIS interview and had refused prior 

to the informed consent process, the 

following script was read by the 

interviewer: 

Before we continue, I’d like you to 

know that taking part in this 

research is voluntary. You may 

choose not to answer any questions 

you don’t wish to answer, or end 

the interview at any time. We are 

required by Federal law to develop 

and follow strict procedures to 

protect your information and use 

your answers only for statistical 

research. I can describe these laws 

if you wish. In appreciation for 

your time, we will send you $10. 

The survey will take about 25 

minutes. In order to review my 

work, my supervisor may record 

and listen as I ask the questions. I’d 

like to continue now unless you 

have any questions. 

Prior to July 18, 2007, the monetary 

incentive payment was offered to 

respondents after informing them of the 

expected interview duration. Beginning 

on July 18, 2007, the monetary 

incentive was offered immediately 

before informing respondents of the 

interview duration (as shown in the 

previous script). Consent scripts were 

tailored for cases that had already 

completed the NIS or NIS–Teen and had 

heard the NIS or NIS-Teen informed 

consent script. 

For cases that had refused after 

completing part of the NSCH interview, 

the interviewers read the following 

script: 

Hello, my name is ____. I’m calling 

on behalf of the Centers for Disease 

Control and Prevention. Earlier, 

someone in your household started 

an interview about the health of 

children and teenagers, and we 

began talking about one child in 

your household. I’m calling back 

now to continue the interview. In 

appreciation for your time, we will 

send you $10. 

Information about the incentive also 

was left as part of the answering 

machine message: 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Series 1, No. 55 [ Page 143

Hello. I am calling on behalf of the 

Centers for Disease Control and 

Prevention regarding a nationwide 

study about the health of children 

and teenagers. When we spoke 

previously about this important 

study, you requested that we call 

you back at this time. I’m sorry that 

we’ve missed you. We’ll try to 

contact you again soon but please 

feel free to return our call anytime 

at 1–866–999–3340. In appreciation 

for your time, we will send you 

$10. If you have any questions, that 

number again is 1–866–999–3340. 

Thank you. 

If a household completed the NSCH 

interview, or if a respondent requested 

the incentive without completing the 

interview, address information for the 

household was either confirmed or 

collected. The $10 cash payment was 

mailed to the household, along with a 

letter expressing appreciation for the 

respondent’s time and effort spent 

participating in the interview. 

Incentive-eligible households that 

completed the NSCH interview, but 

declined to confirm or provide address 

information, were not mailed the 

incentive payment. 

Procedure for Offering

Tier 2 Incentives

Households that met criteria for the 

Tier 2 active refusal incentive or the 

passive refusal incentive were 

approached in a different manner. Upon 

delivering their second refusal or 

meeting eligibility criteria for either 

passive refusal group, cases were 

temporarily suspended within the 

computer-assisted telephone interview 

(CATI) system. 

For households with an available 

address, a letter was mailed with $5 

cash enclosed. The letter explained that 

attempts had been made to contact the 

household via telephone to complete the 

NSCH interview. It also briefly 

described the NSCH, included a 

frequently asked questions section on 

the survey, and mentioned that $10 

would be mailed upon continued 

participation in NSCH. Approximately 

2–4 weeks after temporary suspension, 

the cases eligible for the Tier 2 

incentive were reactivated. Households 

that had received the $5 incentive in the 

mail were offered $10 by telephone; 

households without an available address 

that had not received the $5 incentive in 

the mail were offered the total $15 

incentive by telephone. The incentive 

offer was mentioned by the interviewer, 

using scripts similar to those used to 

offer the Tier 1 incentive. 

If any Tier 2 incentive-eligible 

household completed the NSCH 

interview, or if a respondent requested 

the incentive without completing the 

interview, address information for the 

household was either confirmed or 

collected. A final cash payment of $10 

was mailed to households that had 

already received $5 in the mail, and a 

final cash payment of $15 was mailed to 

households that had not yet received any 

incentive by mail. In addition, a letter 

expressing appreciation for the 

respondent’s participation accompanied 

each final incentive payment. 

Incentive-eligible households that 

completed the NSCH interview, but 

declined to confirm or provide address 

information, were not mailed the 

incentive payment. 

Interview Completion

Rates

The incentive offers for active 

refusals (Tier 1 and Tier 2) were first 

implemented on May 15, 2007. The 

expanded incentive effort for passive 

refusals (Tier 2) began on August 2, 

2007. Active and passive refusals from 

all quarters of data collection [including 

the banked sample from the first quarter 

of 2007 (Q1/2007)] were eligible. 

A total of 66,365 cases became 

eligible for some type of an incentive 

during the NSCH. Nearly one-half 

(47.9%) of these cases completed the 

interview subsequent to incentive 

eligibility. Information on interview 

completion rates by incentive type is 

displayed in Table XII. 

In Table XII, note that any case 

with one refusal that did not respond to 

the $10 incentive in Tier 1 could 

become eligible for Tier 2 as either an 

active or passive refusal. The 19,087 

completed cases in Tier 1 finished the 

interview after the $10 incentive was 

offered and were not eligible for 

additional incentives. Of the 40,865 

eligible Tier 1 cases that did not 

complete the interview after the $10 

incentive was offered, 32,885 were 

offered the $15 incentive: 28,297 as 

active refusals and 4,588 as passive 

refusals (with one active refusal). The 

remaining 1,824 cases classified as 

active refusals in Tier 2 were eligible 

because they refused twice during the 

NIS or NIS-Teen interview. 

The expanded incentive effort for 

passive refusals was more successful in 

achieving completed interviews, relative 

to the two-tier incentive effort for active 

refusals. However, this difference was 

largely the result of considerable success 

completing interviews with households 

that had never refused participation but 

had been very difficult to contact. 

Passive refusal incentive-eligible cases 

may be less resistant to completing the 

survey than cases that more actively 

refuse participation. 

Table XIII presents completion rates 

by quarter of data collection for each 

incentive type. From Q2/2007 to 

Q1/2008, the completion rates improved 

for each incentive type. The high rates 

for the Q1/2007 banked sample may be 

attributed, in part, to the extended 

‘‘cooling off’’ period between the NIS 

screening or interview and the start of 

NSCH interviewing. 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Page 144 [ Series 1, No. 55

Table XII. Completion rates, by incentive eligibility type

Initial incentive model Expanded incentive effort ($15)

Tier 1

($10)

Tier

2 ($15) Overall

No

refusal

One

refusal

Total (any

incentive)

Eligible cases ........... 59,952 30,121 9,177 4,589 4,588 66,365 
 

Completed cases ........ 19,087 9,408 3,293 1,881 1,412 31,788 
 

Completion rate ......... 31.8 31.2 35.9 41.0 30.8 47.9 
 

Table XIII. Completion rates, by incentive eligibility type and quarter

Quarter 1

2007 banked Quarter 2 Quarter 3 Quarter 4 Quarter 1

Incentive eligibility type sample 2007 2007 2007 2008

Initial incentive model

Tier 1 ($10) ................ 34.0 28.9 32.2 32.4 33.1

Tier 2 ($15) ................. 32.7 29.7 30.6 32.1 32.7

Expanded incentive effort ($15)

Overall.................... 41.5 26.4 32.7 39.4 42.0

No refusal.................. 47.5 28.0 38.0 46.3 47.4

One refusal ................. 35.0 24.9 27.7 32.2 36.5
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Series 1, No. 55 [ Page 145

Appendix XII. Multiple Imputation of Household Poverty Level 

The 2007 National Survey of 

Children’s Health (NSCH) provides a 

rich source of data for studying the 

relationships between income and health 

and for monitoring health, health care, 

and well-being for children at different 

income levels. However, as is common 

for most household interview surveys, 

nonresponse rates were high for the 

question on total combined household 

income for the previous calendar year. 

Answers to this question, along with 

answers to a question about the number 

of people living in the household, are 

used to create an index of income 

relative to the Department of Health and 

Human Services federal poverty 

guidelines. If data for either of these 

two components were missing, refused, 

or had a ‘‘don’t know’’ response, the 

household poverty status indicator was 

assigned a missing value code in the 

publicly released datasets. (Further 

details about the procedures for 

assigning household poverty status are 

available in Appendix VII.) 

For the 2007 NSCH, poverty status 

is missing for 8.5% of the households 

(7,817 of 91,642 households). Missing 

values for poverty status were 

predominately the result of missing data 

for income rather than missing data for 

household size. Only 394 households 

did not report household size. 

A nonresponse analysis shows that 

missingness is related to several 

variables, including items pertaining to 

health, neighborhood and community 

characteristics, and demographics. Thus, 

the respondents cannot be treated as a 

random subset of the original sample. It 

follows that the most common method 

for handling missing data in software 

packages, ‘‘complete-case analysis’’ 

(also known as ‘‘listwise deletion’’), will 

generally be biased because this method 

deletes cases that are missing any of the 

variables involved in the analysis. 

Moreover, since deletion of incomplete 

cases discards some of the observed 

data, complete-case analysis is generally 

inefficient as well; that is, it produces 

inferences that are less precise than 

those produced by methods that use all 

of the observed data. 

Imputation is a more appropriate 

approach to handling nonresponse on 

items in a survey for several reasons. 

First, imputation adjusts for observed 

differences between item 

nonrespondents and item respondents; 

such an adjustment is generally not 

made by complete-case analysis. 

Second, imputation results in a 

completed dataset, so that the data can 

be analyzed using standard software 

packages without discarding any 

observed values. Third, when a dataset 

is being produced for analysis by the 

public, imputation by the data producer 

allows the incorporation of specialized 

knowledge about the reasons for missing 

data in the imputation procedure, 

including confidential information that 

cannot be released to the public. 

Moreover, the nonresponse problem is 

addressed in the same way for all users, 

so that analyses will be consistent across 

users. 

Although single imputation, that is, 

imputing one value for each missing 

datum, enjoys the positive attributes just 

mentioned, analysis of a singly imputed 

dataset using standard software 

generally fails to reflect the uncertainty 

stemming from the fact that the imputed 

values are plausible replacements for the 

missing values but are not the true 

values themselves. As a result, analyses 

of singly imputed data tend to produce 

estimated standard errors that are too 

small, confidence intervals that are too 

narrow, and significance tests that reject 

the null hypothesis too often when it is 

true. 

Multiple imputation is a technique 

that seeks to retain the advantages of 

single imputation while also allowing 

the uncertainty due to imputation to be 

reflected in the analysis (34). The idea 

is to first simulate M > 1 plausible sets 

of replacements for the missing values, 

which are then combined with the 

nonmissing values to generate M

complete datasets. The M complete 

datasets are then analyzed separately 

using a standard method for analyzing 

complete data, and finally the results of 

the M analyses are combined in a way 

that reflects the uncertainty due to 

imputation. For public-use data, M is 

not usually larger than five, which is the 

value that has been used here in 

multiply imputing missing data for 

NSCH. 

This section describes the 

procedures used in multiply imputing 

household income and household size 

for NSCH. Household poverty status is 

expressed as a percentage; households 

with income less than 100% of the 

federal poverty level are considered to 

be living in poverty. For each of the 

multiply imputed datasets, household 

poverty status was derived from the 

imputed values for household income 

and household size. 

Imputation Procedures

Income and household size were 

each imputed five times, creating five 

imputed datasets. The literature on 

multiple imputation suggests that this is 

a sufficient number of imputations 

unless the amount of missing 

information is extreme (34). As noted 

earlier, the number of survey records 

with missing household size values was 

much smaller than the number of survey 

records with missing household income 

values. Because there was very little 

missingness in household size to 

explain, predictors for household size 

were not explored separately from 

predictors for household income. 

Therefore, household size was imputed 

using the same predictors used for 

household income. When both 

household size and household income 

were missing for a single case, five 

pairs of imputed values were produced. 

The imputation of household 

income and household size was 

complicated by two issues. First, neither 

household income nor household size 

was normally distributed. This is a 

disadvantage because linear regression 

modeling assumes that the dependent 

variable being modeled has a normal 

distribution. Therefore, transformed 

variables for modeling and imputation 

were used. To determine the suitable 

transformation for income and 

household size to conform to the 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Page 146 [ Series 1, No. 55

normality assumption in the imputation

model, Box-Cox transformations were

estimated from the observed data. For

household size, the log transformation

led to normality. For income, the

optimal transformation was to the 0.22

power, which was rounded to the

quarter-root (0.25). After the imputation

procedure was completed, the imputed

values were transformed back to their

original scale.

Second, in some cases, the imputed

values of household income and

household size needed to be constrained

within certain bounds. Household

respondents were asked to provide an

exact household income. However, when

respondents did not provide an exact

household income, a series (that is,

cascade) of questions asking whether the

household income was below, exactly at,

or above threshold amounts were then

asked. The multiple imputation

procedures employed for NSCH needed

to impute the income value so that it

was consistent with any information

gathered from the cascade questions. For

households with missing data on

household size, the imputed values

needed to be restricted so that they were

consistent with other information

provided in the survey (for example,

household size is greater than the

number of children in the household).

The software IVEware, available

from http://www.isr.umich.edu/src/smp/

ive, allows analysts to specify lower and

upper limits of imputed values,

constraining the imputation distribution

from which draws are made. This

software has been used to impute family

income and family earnings for the

National Health Interview Survey and to

impute household income and household

size (to derive household poverty status)

for the 2001 and 2005–2006 National

Surveys of Children with Special Health

Care Needs and the 2003 NSCH.

IVEware uses sequential regression

multivariate imputation (SRMI). With

sequential regression imputations,

income and household size had separate

models that used the same covariates,

including each other. This technique was

not as robust as some other imputation

techniques that specify a joint model for

both income and household size

conditional on the predictor variables

(35,36). However, this slight

disadvantage of using SRMI is

outweighed by IVEware’s ability to

constrain the imputed values within

specified lower and upper limits.

IVEware builds regression models,

and then multiply imputes variables

based on the models built. For

understanding relationships between

variables, parsimony is desired, but in

prediction (imputation can be thought of

as ‘‘predicting’’ the missing values),

more complicated models are often

better for two reasons. First, using more

variables leads to a higher correlation

between the observed and predicted

values for a model. Second, the validity

of analyses conducted on multiply

imputed datasets is broader when more

variables are included in the model.

In the imputation model, as many

predictors as possible were included. To

produce high-quality imputations,

variables that were potentially related to

household income and potentially

related to the missingness of household

income were included. Another

important consideration was to include

variables that account for features of the

sampling design. Inclusion of variables

to reflect the sampling design was

necessary so that approximately valid

inferences will be obtained when the

multiply imputed data are analyzed.

The imputation model included

variables related to the questionnaire

items on demographics (for the child

and family), health and functional status

of the child, health insurance coverage,

health care access and utilization,

medical home, and neighborhood

characteristics. Variables related to early

childhood and middle childhood were

not included, as these items, being

targeted to a subset of the sample, had

large percentages of missing values. For

most of the variables, the ‘‘refused’’ or

‘‘don’t know’’ answers were recoded as

missing. For some variables having

logical skips, logical imputation was

used to obtain more complete variables.

For example, the variable K11Q60

(receipt of cash assistance) is missing

when the household’s income does not

qualify for the cash assistance.

Therefore, it was recoded as a ‘‘no’’

response for such households. Also,

many categorical variables were recoded

with top-coding or bottom-coding to

reduce the number of rarer categories.

For example, for the variable K4Q20

(number of doctor visits), the values

range from 0 to 365 with small

frequencies for values greater than 10.

The number of categories was reduced

to 11 with category ‘‘10’’ defined as 10

or more visits. Another consideration

used while building the imputation

model was to not include covariates

having more than 5% missing values.

Because fitting the regressions in

the SRMI procedure does not

automatically account for features of the

sample design, variables reflecting the

design were included as predictors in

the regression models. The strata for this

design were the 50 states and the

District of Columbia. To account for the

stratum effect, states, in the form of 50

indicator variables, and state-level

income summary variables (mean and

standard deviation with log

transformation) were considered as

possible covariates in the imputation

model. The state indicator variables

were dropped before the final

imputations were carried out, but

retained the state-level income summary

variables. Survey weights were also

included as covariates in the model,

after transforming the weights to a

logarithmic scale.

Results of Modeling

Table XIV shows the 47 variables

(other than survey weight) chosen for

the model by stepwise regression. Most,

but not all, have a significant

relationship with income. Those with

negative parameters decrease predicted

income, whereas those with positive

parameters increase predicted income.

The model was highly significant, F(47,

70,105) = 1,113.50, p < .0001. The R

squared and adjusted R-squared values

for this model are both 0.43.

Note that the imputed values for

family income were not obtained from

this regression model. The imputed

values were drawn from the posterior

distribution of missing family income

based on the model derived from this

regression.

Table XIV also shows which of the

47 variables (except for the two
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Series 1, No. 55 [ Page 147

Table XIV. Parameter estimates for a linear regression model predicting reported household income values and relative odds from a logistic

regression model predicting whether income was not reported

Parameters of linear regression model

to predict household income values

Relative odds of having missing

income based on a logistic

regression model

Variable Estimate

Standard

error t statistic p value

Odds

ratio

95% confidence

interval

Intercept............................... 
 

Child is black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
 

Child is white . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
 

Education of respondent ..................... 
 

Household size (base-10 log transformed) .......... 
 

MSA status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
 

S_UNDR18 ............................. 
 

K1Q01 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
 

K1Q03 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
 

K2Q01 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
 

K2Q13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
 

K2Q19 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
 

K2Q22 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
 

K2Q32A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
 

K2Q33A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
 

K2Q34A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
 

K2Q37A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
 

K2Q40A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
 

K2Q41A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
 

K2Q42A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
 

K2Q43A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
 

K2Q44A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
 

K2Q45A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
 

K2Q46A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
 

K3Q01 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
 

K3Q21A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
 

K4Q20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
 

K4Q21 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
 

K4Q27 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
 

K5Q10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
 

K9Q00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
 

K9Q40 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
 

K10Q12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
 

K10Q13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
 

K10Q14 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
 

K10Q23 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
 

K10Q40 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
 

K11Q01 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
 

K11Q33 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
 

K11Q38 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
 

K11Q50 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
 

K11Q60 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
 

K11Q61 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
 

K11Q62 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
 

K11Q70 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
 

K11Q76A (days) .......................... 
 

Mean household income, by state ............... 
 

Standard deviation of income, by state ............ 
 

–6.71

–0.50

0.05

0.81

3.39

–0.54

–0.55

–0.02

–0.47

–0.19

0.06

–0.18

0.03

–0.03

0.07

0.00

0.07

0.07

0.22

–0.07

–0.05

0.02

0.09

0.06

0.70

0.61

–0.03

0.14

–0.41

0.07

–0.43

–0.19

–0.04

0.22

–0.01

–0.18

0.21

–0.20

0.26

1.05

1.17

–0.60

–1.70

–1.92

0.77

–0.12

1.65

–0.24

0.67

0.04

0.03

0.01

0.15

0.02

0.04

0.02

0.05

0.02

0.04

0.05

0.05

0.06

0.05

0.06

0.05

0.03

0.14

0.10

0.06

0.08

0.06

0.07

0.04

0.02

0.01

0.01

0.04

0.03

0.04

0.02

0.03

0.02

0.03

0.03

0.01

0.04

0.07

0.13

0.04

0.06

0.04

0.03

0.03

0.02

0.07

0.02

–10.06

–11.88

1.69

62.81

22.87

–23.08

–15.64

–1.20

–9.01

–12.69

1.57

–3.77

0.68

–0.46

1.41

–0.01

1.46

2.27

1.54

–0.70

–0.85

0.19

1.62

0.87

17.15

24.75

–4.70

18.34

–9.41

2.50

–11.36

–7.87

–1.49

9.99

–0.17

–5.36

15.20

–5.55

3.86

7.96

29.81

–10.04

–39.43

–60.00

24.31

–7.62

22.74

–13.58

<0.01

<0.01

0.09

<0.01

<0.01

<0.01

<0.01

0.23

<0.01

<0.01

0.12

<0.01

0.50

0.64

0.16

0.99

0.14

0.02

0.12

0.48

0.39

0.85

0.11

0.38

<0.01

<0.01

<0.01

<0.01

<0.01

0.01

<0.01

<0.01

0.14

<0.01

0.86

<0.01

<0.01

<0.01

<0.01

<0.01

<0.01

<0.01

<0.01

<0.01

<0.01

<0.01

<0.01

<0.01

...

1.02

1.13

0.94

1.45

1.20

0.88

0.98

1.33

1.04

0.86

1.08

0.90

0.93

0.97

1.03

0.94

0.97

0.98

1.04

1.04

1.12

1.05

1.12

0.85

0.94

1.00

1.03

0.84

0.96

1.03

0.72

0.94

0.98

0.94

0.84

0.97

0.90

0.83

1.19

0.66

1.24

1.31

0.98

1.19

0.95

...

...

...

0.94–1.11

1.06–1.21

0.91–0.96

1.09–1.93

1.14–1.26

0.83–0.95

0.94–1.02

1.21–1.46

1.01–1.07

0.79–0.92

0.98–1.18

0.81–1.00

0.82–1.06

0.87–1.08

0.91–1.16

0.86–1.04

0.92–1.03

0.73–1.30

0.86–1.26

0.92–1.17

0.97–1.31

0.94–1.17

0.99–1.27

0.79–0.92

0.90–0.99

0.99–1.01

1.01–1.04

0.77–0.92

0.91–1.01

0.96–1.10

0.68–0.75

0.90–0.99

0.93–1.02

0.89–1.00

0.78–0.90

0.95–1.00

0.84–0.97

0.74–0.93

0.94–1.49

0.62–0.71

1.12–1.38

1.21–1.42

0.92–1.04

1.12–1.26

0.92–0.98

...

...

. . . Category not applicable.
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Page 148 [ Series 1, No. 55

Table XV. Unweighted and weighted estimates of the frequency and prevalence of children with excellent or very good health

Unweighted

number of

Total Total weighted children with

unweighted estimate of excellent or

number of number of very good

State children children health

Weighted

estimate of

number of

children with

excellent or

very good

health

Standard

error of

weighted

estimate of

number of

children with

excellent or

very good

health

Percent of
 

children who
 

have excellent
 

or very
 

good health
 

Standard
 

error of
 

percent of
 

children who
 

have excellent
 

or very
 

good health
 

National ................... 91,642 73,758,616 80,456 62,216,654 458,838 84.35 0.347

Alabama................... 1,761 1,119,323 1,524 947,115 35,054 84.61 1.317

Alaska .................... 1,739 182,287 1,546 162,052 5,624 88.90 1.057

Arizona ................... 1,769 1,657,543 1,505 1,337,038 50,813 80.66 1.549

Arkansas .................. 1,765 698,558 1,507 574,474 18,031 82.24 1.262

California .................. 1,751 9,392,086 1,427 7,300,335 359,746 77.73 1.952

Colorado .................. 1,801 1,187,560 1,597 1,001,551 38,710 84.34 1.580

Connecticut ................. 1,889 813,675 1,706 717,021 20,863 88.12 1.030

Delaware .................. 1,805 201,362 1,555 170,122 5,445 84.49 1.168

District of Columbia ............ 1,801 113,827 1,558 95,602 3,269 83.99 1.212

Florida .................... 1,797 4,017,889 1,528 3,571,983 166,312 88.90 1.319

Georgia ................... 1,782 2,525,483 1,588 2,177,204 83,832 86.21 1.381

Hawaii .................... 1,822 279,867 1,599 241,938 7,915 86.45 1.155

Idaho..................... 1,768 411,741 1,549 354,123 11,380 86.01 1.115

Illinois .................... 1,932 3,198,016 1,650 2,715,176 86,471 84.90 1.131

Indiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,764 1,590,598 1,505 1,357,295 49,965 85.33 1.206

Iowa ..................... 1,757 710,075 1,577 620,713 21,836 87.42 1.229

Kansas ................... 1,803 699,044 1,580 596,113 19,451 85.28 1.168

Kentucky .................. 1,803 1,013,459 1,567 874,230 27,097 86.26 1.036

Louisiana .................. 1,868 1,080,350 1,591 868,362 31,348 80.38 1.510

Maine .................... 1,752 284,110 1,608 258,153 8,054 90.86 0.934

Maryland .................. 1,773 1,361,936 1,619 1,227,016 41,221 90.09 1.085

Massachusetts ............... 1,786 1,431,554 1,620 1,264,383 42,866 88.32 1.190

Michigan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,861 2,442,796 1,639 2,110,493 75,077 86.40 1.317

Minnesota.................. 1,767 1,257,082 1,617 1,148,535 41,370 91.37 0.987

Mississippi ................. 1,918 757,184 1,619 622,709 20,157 82.24 1.208

Missouri ................... 1,847 1,412,037 1,633 1,232,395 39,520 87.28 1.059

Montana................... 1,788 227,966 1,604 201,191 5,953 88.25 1.022

Nebraska .................. 1,827 457,857 1,644 395,150 13,584 86.30 1.317

Nevada ................... 1,821 664,311 1,486 530,170 20,737 79.81 1.484

New Hampshire .............. 1,773 298,439 1,636 270,414 8,373 90.61 0.995

New Jersey ................. 1,827 2,049,175 1,633 1,756,053 58,927 85.70 1.268

New Mexico ................ 1,826 493,495 1,558 420,042 16,220 85.12 1.194

New York .................. 1,793 4,420,982 1,520 3,684,697 128,478 83.35 1.313

North Carolina ............... 1,782 2,201,857 1,554 1,905,359 67,353 86.53 1.214

North Dakota ................ 1,800 142,697 1,640 129,226 3,647 90.56 0.849

Ohio ..................... 1,765 2,735,724 1,586 2,363,238 84,518 86.38 1.390

Oklahoma .................. 1,816 903,460 1,586 774,945 25,340 85.78 1.087

Oregon ................... 1,794 859,256 1,562 741,477 25,744 86.29 1.171

Pennsylvania ................ 1,767 2,794,078 1,553 2,478,407 96,904 88.70 1.184

Rhode Island ................ 1,756 235,868 1,564 203,057 7,039 86.09 1.304

South Carolina ............... 1,885 1,058,919 1,642 894,640 29,473 84.49 1.190

South Dakota................ 1,740 194,049 1,580 174,735 5,456 90.05 0.943

Tennessee ................. 1,840 1,459,756 1,622 1,230,196 40,015 84.27 1.267

Texas .................... 1,805 6,579,611 1,444 5,141,109 229,426 78.14 1.633

Utah ..................... 1,747 813,287 1,592 732,234 24,699 90.03 1.058

Vermont ................... 1,725 130,729 1,604 120,723 4,276 92.35 0.938

Virginia ................... 1,774 1,829,149 1,583 1,608,914 52,654 87.96 1.075

Washington ................. 1,736 1,535,630 1,516 1,316,713 51,968 85.74 1.303

West Virginia ................ 1,766 391,744 1,544 339,619 10,404 86.69 1.039

Wisconsin .................. 1,860 1,314,848 1,643 1,147,422 36,436 87.27 1.082

Wyoming .................. 1,748 126,287 1,546 110,793 3,671 87.73 1.020

NOTES: Denominator includes children for whom health status was not reported because the respondent did not know or refused to answer the health status question. Estimates are derived from the

publicly released data file.
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Series 1, No. 55 [ Page 149

continuous state-level income variables) 

were significant predictors of 

nonresponse. These results are based on 

odds ratios derived after fitting a logistic 

regression predicting whether income 

was missing. Odds ratios greater than 

one indicate that an affirmative response 

on the variable is associated with higher 

rates of missingness. Just over one-half 

(24 out of 45) of the variables were 

significant predictors of nonresponse. 

Use of Multiply Imputed

Values

The derived poverty level variable 

that is available for public use was 

calculated from household income and 

household size. When either or both 

were missing, the derived poverty level 

was calculated from the imputed values. 

Regardless of whether the derived 

poverty level was based on reported or 

imputed values, the variable has been 

given the same name (POVLEVEL_I). 

A flag (FLAG_I) indicates whether the 

derived poverty level was based on 

reported or imputed values. 

When missing, household income 

and household size were imputed five 

times. Therefore, the resulting dataset 

contains five times as many 

observations as were in the original 

dataset. For the 2007 NSCH, the 

datasets have 5(91,642) = 458,210 

records. Each complete set of derived 

poverty level values is distinguished by 

the SAS variable IMPUTATION. 

Therefore, each IDNUMR appears five 

times in the file, with IMPUTATION 

having values of 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 

corresponding to the five separate 

complete sets of derived poverty level 

values. 

The NSCH public-use data files do 

not include household income, to protect 

against inadvertent disclosure of survey 

subjects’ identities. Only poverty level is 

reported on the public-use data files. 

Similarly, imputed household income 

will not be released as public-use data. 

Researchers interested in accessing the 

original and imputed household income 

data may access the data through the 

NCHS Research Data Centers. 

There are three possible ways to 

analyze the data. One invalid way to use 

the data that should not be attempted is 

also described. 

Considering the possible ways first, 

a complete-case (only) analysis is the 

simplest, which uses only the cases with 

observed values. This can be done by 

using the poverty level variable 

(POVERTY_LEVELR) in the NSCH 

data file. Any analysis using this 

variable could be biased due to 

nonresponse, and the variability will be 

larger because of the missing values. 

The second possible way of using 

the data is to use only a single 

imputation from the multiple imputation 

files. Each of the five imputations has 

been drawn from a valid distribution 

based on a regression model, but this 

model and the distribution are slightly 

different for each imputation. To analyze 

only one imputation, choose only the 

subset of cases with IMPUTATION = c, 

where c is 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5. Single 

imputation analyses result in estimated 

standard errors that are too small 

because the imputed values are treated 

as if they were observed. This ignores 

the inherent uncertainty resulting from 

lack of knowledge about the true 

(unobserved) value, but is superior to 

the complete-case analysis. Note that 

slightly different results will be obtained 

depending on which subset of cases is 

chosen, but no subset is superior to 

another. 

The statistically valid way to 

analyze the data is to analyze all five 

imputed datasets together. To do this, 

five separate analyses are conducted; 

one on each of the five imputed 

datasets. These analyses are then 

combined following the standard 

multiple imputation combining rules 

(34). This is superior to the previous 

two methods. 

Note that it is invalid to combine 

the five imputed values into one 

analysis. For example, taking the 

average poverty level (which might not 

be an integer) to derive one ‘‘average’’ 

poverty status value per case is invalid. 

Poverty status must be analyzed as a 

multiply imputed variable with SAS, 

SUDAAN, IVEware, or another 

appropriate statistical software package 

to make use of the multiply imputed 

data. 

Regardless of the statistical software 

used to analyze the data, one must 

merge the survey data from the 

public-use analysis files with the data 

from the multiple imputation file by the 

unique household identifier (IDNUMR). 

To combine these files, first sort by 

IDNUMR and then merge using this 

identifier as the merge variable. 

For SAS analyses, it is also very 

important to have the dataset sorted by 

IMPUTATION because analyses of the 

multiply imputed data need to be done 

separately by IMPUTATION. Separate 

analyses are specified in SAS by using 

the procedure option keyword BY (‘‘BY 

IMPUTATION;’’ should be one line 

within the analysis). In SAS, the two 

basic steps to using the multiply 

imputed data are to 1) analyze the data 

separately by IMPUTATION as if each 

were a separate dataset, and 2) combine 

the results from the different imputed 

datasets using PROC MIANALYZE. In 

the first step, separate analyses are done 

with options set to keep the covariances 

that are needed to combine the analyses. 

Then, PROC MIANALYZE combines 

these different analyses using the 

standard multiple imputation combining 

rules. 

For SUDAAN analyses, a separate 

analytical file is necessary for each of 

the five imputations. The five datasets 

should then be sorted by the stratum 

(STATE) and the primary sampling unit 

(IDNUMR) variables. To analyze the 

data using the five imputation files, the 

MI_COUNT command should be added 

to the SUDAAN procedure call. The 

MI_COUNT command tells SUDAAN 

how many imputation files to expect. 

Further instructions and examples 

for using SAS and SUDAAN are 

available in the user’s guide included as 

part of an earlier report on the multiple 

imputation of missing household poverty 

level values from the 2003 NSCH (37). 

This report is available from http:// 

www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/slaits/ 

mimp01_03.pdf. 
 

 

	 

 

 

 

 

	 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

	 

 

 

 

 

 

	 

 

 

 

 

 

 

	 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

	 

 

 

 

 

	 

 

 

 

 

	 

 

 

 

 

	 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

	 

 

 

 

 

 

	 

 

 

 

 

 

 

	 

 

 

 

 

	 

 

 

	 

 

 

	 

 

 

 

 

 

	 

 

 

 

	 

 

 

 

	 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Vital and Health Statistics

Series Descriptions

ACTIVE SERIES

Series 1.	 Programs and Collection Procedures—This type of report

describes the data collection programs of the National Center

for Health Statistics. Series 1 includes descriptions of the

methods used to collect and process the data, definitions, and

other material necessary for understanding the data.

Series 2.	 Data Evaluation and Methods Research—This type of

report concerns statistical methods and includes analytical

techniques, objective evaluations of reliability of collected

data, and contributions to statistical theory. Also included are

experimental tests of new survey methods, comparisons of

U.S. methodologies with those of other countries, and as of

2009, studies of cognition and survey measurement, and final

reports of major committees concerning vital and health

statistics measurement and methods.

Series 3.	 Analytical and Epidemiological Studies—This type of

report presents analytical or interpretive studies based on vital

and health statistics. As of 2009, Series 3 also includes

studies based on surveys that are not part of continuing data

systems of the National Center for Health Statistics and

international vital and health statistics reports.

Series 10.	 Data From the National Health Interview Survey—This

type of report contains statistics on illness; unintentional

injuries; disability; use of hospital, medical, and other health

services; and a wide range of special current health topics

covering many aspects of health behaviors, health status, and

health care utilization. Series 10 is based on data collected in

this continuing national household interview survey.

Series 11.	 Data From the National Health Examination Survey, the

National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, and

the Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey—

In this type of report, data from direct examination, testing,

and measurement on representative samples of the civilian

noninstitutionalized population provide the basis for (1)

medically defined total prevalence of specific diseases or

conditions in the United States and the distributions of the

population with respect to physical, physiological, and

psychological characteristics, and (2) analyses of trends and

relationships among various measurements and between

survey periods.

Series 13.	 Data From the National Health Care Survey—This type of

report contains statistics on health resources and the public’s

use of health care resources including ambulatory, hospital,

and long-term care services based on data collected directly

from health care providers and provider records.

Series 20.	 Data on Mortality—This type of report contains statistics on

mortality that are not included in regular, annual, or monthly

reports. Special analyses by cause of death, age, other

demographic variables, and geographic and trend analyses

are included.

Series 21.	 Data on Natality, Marriage, and Divorce—This type of

report contains statistics on natality, marriage, and divorce

that are not included in regular, annual, or monthly reports.

Special analyses by health and demographic variables and

geographic and trend analyses are included.

Series 23.	 Data From the National Survey of Family Growth—These

reports contain statistics on factors that affect birth rates,

including contraception and infertility; factors affecting the

formation and dissolution of families, including cohabitation,

marriage, divorce, and remarriage; and behavior related to

the risk of HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases.

These statistics are based on national surveys of women and

men of childbearing age.

DISCONTINUED SERIES

Series 4.	 Documents and Committee Reports—These are final

reports of major committees concerned with vital and health

statistics and documents. The last Series 4 report was

published in 2002. As of 2009, this type of report is included

in Series 2 or another appropriate series, depending on the

report topic.

Series 5.	 International Vital and Health Statistics Reports—This

type of report compares U.S. vital and health statistics with

those of other countries or presents other international data of

relevance to the health statistics system of the United States.

The last Series 5 report was published in 2003. As of 2009,

this type of report is included in Series 3 or another series,

depending on the report topic.

Series 6.	 Cognition and Survey Measurement—This type of report

uses methods of cognitive science to design, evaluate, and

test survey instruments. The last Series 6 report was

published in 1999. As of 2009, this type of report is included

in Series 2.

Series 12.	 Data From the Institutionalized Population Surveys—

The last Series 12 report was published in 1974. Reports

from these surveys are included in Series 13.

Series 14.	 Data on Health Resources: Manpower and Facilities—

The last Series 14 report was published in 1989. Reports on

health resources are included in Series 13.

Series 15.	 Data From Special Surveys—This type of report contains

statistics on health and health-related topics collected in

special surveys that are not part of the continuing data

systems of the National Center for Health Statistics. The last

Series 15 report was published in 2002. As of 2009, reports

based on these surveys are included in Series 3.

Series 16.	 Compilations of Advance Data From Vital and Health

Statistics—The last Series 16 report was published in 1996.

All reports are available online, and so compilations of

Advance Data reports are no longer needed.

Series 22.	 Data From the National Mortality and Natality Surveys—

The last Series 22 report was published in 1973. Reports

from these sample surveys, based on vital records, are

published in Series 20 or 21.

Series 24.	 Compilations of Data on Natality, Mortality, Marriage, and

Divorce—The last Series 24 report was published in 1996.

All reports are available online, and so compilations of reports

are no longer needed.

For answers to questions about this report or for a list of reports published

in these series, contact:

Information Dissemination Staff

National Center for Health Statistics

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

3311 Toledo Road, Room 5412

Hyattsville, MD 20782

1–800–232–4636

E-mail: cdcinfo@cdc.gov

Internet: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs
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