~NEW REGULATIONS ON RADIO TRANSMITTERS IN SFRY NOTED

YUGOSLAVIA

LD131744Y Belgrade TANJUG Domestic Service in Serbo-Croatian 0251 GMT 13 Sep 78 LD

[Text] Belgrade--The new regulation on the modalities and conditions under which radio
transmitters can be imported into and exported from our country has just come into force,

A foreigner may import into Yugoslavia a portable radio transmitter, a transmitter used for
reporting sport competitions or an amateur radio transmitter only if he previously obtained
a permit from the Federal Radio Communications Administration, If a radio telephone is
involved, a permit from the Yugoslav GOP must have been obtained before the equipment can
be brought into our country and incorporated into our system of communications. A foreigner
may bring into our country a ship radio transmitter built in a yacht or a boat provided

he has the ship log of his country in which the radio transmitter is recorded.

Foreigners must apply for a.permit to work their radio stations directly to the Federal
Radio Communications Administration or through our diplomatic and consular missions.

If on entry into our country, the foreigner reports that he is bringing in a radio trans-
mitter for which no permit has been obtained, the officér’in charge will either seal it
or accept it in bond at the request of its owner.

An SFRY citizen who brings a radio transmitter into our country must report the fact at
the border corssing to the appropriate internal affairs officer and show the permit allowing
him to set it up, or the permission to use it, obtained from the relevant organs.

cso: 5500

14


the whole mission. The antennas and the sensors for control are placed
on the top of the telecommunications module and are all set up following
the identical layout, that is, with reflectors fueled frontally by wave
guides with needed illuminators at their end. They are then connected
via OMT (orthomode transducer) couplers to transceiver antennas, as will
be shown. The antennas allow different coverages. The zones covered
are outlined in Figure 4; in fact one antenna has a restricted beam
called Spotbeam, three antennas have a large beam called Eurobeam A and
the other two Eurobeam B.

Figure 4

The zones concerned are, respectively:
Spotbeam: Western Europe;

Eurobeam A: Eastern Europe, Middle East, North Africa, the Azores,
the Canaries, Madeira and Iceland;

Eurobeam B: Eastern Europe and Mediterranean basin.

The nomenclatures A and B are based on the A and B modules whose antennas
are connected. This will be explained later in greater detail.

Returning to the modular structure, additional comments on its capacity
shall be mentioned. In general, it allows the satellite to be adapted
to several scopes, that is, for diverse types of TLC transmissions.
Furthermore, within certain limits, which are considerable, the repeater

35



The frequencies to be used for the ECS have been chosen by CEPT from
among those available according to Section 1, WARC [World Administrative
Radio Conference--in Italian CAMR], specifically:

ascent tract 14.00-14.50 GHz
descent tract 10.95-11.25 GHz
11.45-11.70 GHz

Because of the number of TF and TV circuits to be emitted in the linking,
the 500 MHz band necessitates the reuse of crossed polarized frequency.

The choices today of the planned systems will indicate the following
coverages:

ist zone: European
2nd zone: Atlantic
3rd zone: Western Europe
4th zone: Eastern Europe

The satellite shall have a synchronous equatorial orbit located at 10°E
longitude. Only Europe is covered by a global beam while the others are
covered with a spot beam (see Figure 2).

istmtiirihtdet to to

rr 3: or " o + 2 3° a

50"

pele
jh - ait per
Pe: XP —-\— ire

; we
FP RC CER EEN

Figure 2

31



Main builders Apparatus

AEG-Telefunken (D)

chief contractor for ~-payload

Contraves (CH) --mechanical ground support

CIR (CH) --electronic ground support

Holland Signaal Apparaten (NL) --cynetic flywheel for AOCS (Attitude
and Orbit Control of the Satellite)

Inta (E) --VHF antennas

Saab (S) --Telemetry and Command

BIM (B) --Telemetry and Command

C. Rovsing (DK) --Telemetry and Command

3.5. The Satellite's Subsystems Are the Following:

Repeater

Antennas

Structures

Thermal Control

Energy Distributor

Telemetry and Command (TT&C)
Trim and Orbit Control (AOCS)
Apogee Boost Motor
Pyrotechnics

Instrumentation

Because of the fact that our scope is to refer to telecommunication
applications, we shall not describe all the subsystems. We will focus
only on the repeater and on the antennas, that is, on the telecommunica-
tion payload.

3.6. The Payload
Is made up of two modules: A and B.

The A module is a smaller version of that which will be made for ECS

and which retains its principal characteristics such as the receiver GIT,
transmission energy, earnings and area coverages of the antennas except
for modifications made necessary by the OTS' test results.

This module is used for the retransmittal of TF signals in PSK-TDMA and
TV signals.

3.6.1. The A Module
The A module contains four apparatus chains as shown in Figure 7. That
is, two chains with 40 MHz nominal band and two with a 120 MHz’ band.

Each couple’ is made in such a way as to allow frequent reuse with ortho-
gonal linear polarization.

40



INDONESIA

BRIEFS

SMALL EARTH SATELLITE STATIONS--The state-owned telecommunications
corporation is currently building 10 small earth satellite stations
which eventually will be fully integrated with the existing 40 earth
satellite stations. The 10 stations are located in Gorontalo, Luwuk,
Tual, Endeh, Nabire, Wamena, Tarempa, Tanjungpandan, Gunung Sitoli and
Natuna, according to the ANTARA news agency. [Jakarta SUARA KARYA in
Indonesian 14 Sep 78 p 3 BK]

cso: 5500



New modulation technique

The work on developing what was then called the MS
system started as long ago as the end of the 1960s.
Practical field trials with about 200 receivers were car-
ried out in the districts round the Malaren valley (cen-
tral Sweden) and the experience gained from these
trials later proved to be decisive for the further devel-
opment of the system.

The system design for this earlier variant was based
on transmission of 3 consecutive tones chosen from
among 100 in the range around 60000 Hz. These tones
were modulated in on the FM broadcasting transmit-
ters, and in this way the first and basic characteristic of
the system was obtained:

@Without any investments worth mentioning, a radio
coverage of Sweden is obtained that is almost one
hundred per cent and moreover this is achieved
without using any more of the limited frequency
spectrum.

__ments to the system as a whole. _

This double utilization of the FM transmitters
caused no problems as long as it was only a question of
monophonic or stereophonic transmission in accord-
ance with the Swedish FM-FM compander technique.
However, when Sweden decided to use the pilot tone
system it soon became clear that the modulation tech-
nique used in the MS system had to be changed. This
was because of the interference that arose between the
third harmonic of the stereo pilot (3 x 19 = 57 kHz)
and the MS tones, which gave rise to faint but perfectly
audible tones in radio receivers.

A detailed theoretical and practical study was start-
ed in the Administration’s Radio Laboratory with a
view to determining the optimum modulation tech-
nique for transmitting additional information over a
FM broadcasting transmitter without causing mutual
interference when pilot tone stereo was being transmit-
ted at the same time. The work was successful and led
to the birth of the MBS system in a new design; a design
which also made possible several essential improve-

Access numbers

The following access numbers are used for the different

Numbers 0045—46 are only used by those who know the
MBS subscriber's fixed rallying point. 0047 is used when
the MBS subscriber is to be paged over a wider area and
when the MBS number is to be printed in the telephone
directory.

The numbers 0048-49 are used only by the mobile
paging subscribers when inquiring who have called them.

The subscriber’s costs

services: Service Initial Quarterly Paging
fee. SKr subscription SKr/
Service ‘Acess number fee, Skr occasion
Paging Messages MBS-E
MBS-EL 100 65 0.34
MBS-E 0045 -
MBS-EP 0045 - MBS-V
MBS-EL 0046 - MBS-VL 100 95 0.34
MBS-ELP 0046 ~ MBS-N 100 0 0.34
MBS Oa 0048 MBS-EP 0.17 per
MBS-VL 0047 0049 eee
MBS.N 0047 _ MBS-ELP 100 380 seconds

Checking the ‘Who has called" information costs SKr
0.17 per 8 seconds.

The subscription charges in the table cover one MBS
receiver per subscription. An additional fee of SKr 10
per quarter is charged for each additional receiver.

If several subscriber numbers are requested for one and
the same receiver the normal subscription fee is charged
for each number.

50



realize a 10-percent saving in one of the largest areas of his budget

(40 percent of the total): subscriber service connections. The Directorate
General of Telecommunications henceforth will adhere to a systematic policy
favoring underground cables, which utilize a more economical technology
than aerial cable. The disappearance of steel and concrete telephone poles
will delight the environmentalists, but to a much lesser extent the manu-
facturers of this type of material.

9238
cso: 5500

48



2. At the present there exists a controversy with CEPT over the use of
11.95-11.2 GHz as defined in the World Administrative Conference on
Radio Transmission via Satellite (Geneva 1977).

3. ESA's major plants are: European Space Research Technology Center
(ESTEC); European Space Operations Center (ESOC); and the European
Space Research Institute (ESRIN).

4, That is, the repeater and the antenna. The structure alone weighs
17 kilograms. The whole TLC module weighs 102 kilograms.

5. Recent improvements such as the increase of pressure in the combus-
tion chamber foresee the possibility of launching two satellites
simultaneously with a weight of 1900 kilograms.

6. Acquisition of intake position made possible by (angular) measures
of the solar diameter.

7. O£ interest is the fact that the transmission occurs in an opposite
direction from reception with regard to polarization and happens on
every channel. For this reason the channels are labelled R-L and
L-R (or RHCP and LHCP--right hand circular polarization and left hand
circular polarization) and the beacons labelled B and Bo respectively.

9202
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46



BRAZIL

UNDERWATER OVERSEAS CABLE TO BE LAID

Rio de Janeiro O GLOBO in Portuguese 1 Sep 78 p 27

[Text] EMBRATEL ‘Brazilian Telecommunications Company/ is to sign an agreement
in Rome on the 5th with the governments of Italy, Portugal, France, Senegal,
Ivory Coast, and Argentina for laying an underwater cable linking the tele-
communications systems of Europe, Africa, and South America, with about

5000 circuits; the project has been budgeted at $100 million.

The first section of the project will run between Recife and Dakar, with

a cable extending 3,240 km; the second one will extend between Dakar and
Lagos, on the African coast, over a distance of 2,952 km, both of them running
across the Atlantic. The work will be finished during the first half of

1983 and all of the circuits, once in operation, primarily involving tele-
phones and telex, will double the international communications capacity
presently used by those countries in the Intelsat satellites.

Underwater cables offer various advantages as a means of international com-
munication, according to EMBRATEL president Haroldo Correa de Mattos, who
will sign the agreement in Brazil's name: "They offer security and quality
in transmissions; there is no need for maintenance; they can have a big
circuit capacity and, in spite of the high construction cost, the investment
pays for itself in less than 3 years of operation; besides, the cable has

a useful life of 20 years, against only 5 for the satellites."

With 1,800 circuits between Brazil and Africa, the first section of the
project will feature majority participation by EMBRATEL which may vary from
42 to 50%, depénding upon the share to be sold to Argentina. The _
second section will. have 300 circuits and this participation will be between
21 and 27%,.likewise depending upon negotiations with Argentina. Out of the
total number of circuits for the exclusive use of EMBRETAL, 80% will be set

aside for traffic with Europe and 20% for traffic with Africa.

18



allows the introduction of SHF machinery of greater volume and thus of
differing capacity so as to be able to satisfy requirements tasked in
future years.

The OTS service module weighs 236 kilograms (the structure alone is 42
kilograms); it houses the apogee motor, fuel reserves, inertial wheel
(stabilization gyroscopes and the majority of the electronic apparatuses).

3.2. Energy Feeding

The foldout solar panels, fixed to two opposite lateral sides (of which
the satellite has six) furnish the electric energy for its functioning.
It is clear that during the launch and the transfer orbit the panels will
be folded in and will cover part of the satellite's surface and there
will only be two "faces" which will insure energy input during the
initial orbital phases.

For the first phase, the panels will be entirely folded out and pointed
toward the sun. Apparatuses for the transfer of electric energy gathered
by the solar cells are located on the six "faces" of the hexagonal prism
equipped with honeycomb sandwich-panels. It should be remembered that

the radiation intensity outside the atmosphere is of 2 Langley (1 Langley =
1 cal/cm2 min) that. is 1.395 kW/m2 + 2% because of the effect of sun spots
and + 3.5% because of the distance variation between earth and sun

(152.106 km at the aphelion and 147.106 km at the perihelion).

3.3. The Launch

The launching into a geostationary orbit of a satellite takes place via
a timed sequence of "phases," that is, of preestablished actions which
last a total of about 23 days.

The first is that of the launch. The choice of the launcher is predi-
cated first of all on the weight of a vehicle to be put into an orbit of
about 36,000 km over the 1.d.m. and on the geometric patterns of the
final orbit. It is one thing to place a spacecraft in position such as
Intelsat IVa with a weight of 730 kilograms of orbit mass and another to
launch a satellite of the Anik type weighing only 300 kilograms.

The speed in an equatorial geostationary orbit, with the sub-satellite
location on earth almost stationary, can be thought of simply as that of
a circular movement which produces a radial acceleration equal and
opposite to that of the gravity at that height. But in reality there
are serious complications. One of these is the series of corrections to
be made to the calculations and technological projects developed in order
to find a launch trajectory needed to place a given "range" of payloads
in orbit as well as other causes such as the launching point, the launch-
ing characteristics, the atmosphere's resistance, the satellite's ten-
dency to tumble out of orbit because of the uneven gravitational pull

36



CONTENTS (Continued)

ARGENTINA

Briefs
Color Television in 1980

BOLIVIA

Briefs
Microwave Network Expansion

BRAZIL

Underwater Overseas Cable To Be Laid
(O GLOBO, 1, 16 Sep 78)....-.eceeeeeeeeeee sce ee scene

Cable, Linking South America, Africa, Europe
Foreign Ministry Announces Agreement

Ericsson To Appeal Bidding Disqualification
(O ESTADO DE SAO PAULO, 13 Sep 78)..

Direct Dialing System To Be Expanded
(O ESTADO DE SAO PAULO, 15 Sep 78)....

CHILE

Briefs
New Communications Policy

NEAR EAST AND NORTH AFRICA
INTER-ARAB AFFAIRS

Briefs
Broadcasting Union Meeting

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
ZAMBIA

Briefs
Microwave Link

Page

16

17

18

20

22

23

24

25



7) Lisbon, Barcellona, Oslo
8) Hamburg, Helsinki, Ankara
9) The Azores, Madeira

20)
sireuiti

«008

20!

jotal

£ ot ee

| 3. of ‘the total
—_

1326 _ yes ann GS
Figure 1
With regard to television programs, in October 1974 UER presented a
technical—economic based study to CCTS [Committee for Satellite Tele-
communication Coordination], a part of CEPT, dealing with the trans-
mission of Eurovision programs via satellite making mention of three
types of channels:

a) the first, immediately available without prior notice to the Post
Office administrations, required 2 channels in 1980 and 3 in 1990;

b) the second, available on 1 hour notice based on previous agreement
with the administrations, 3 channels in 1980, 4 in 1990 (usage of 5 per-
cent of total time);

c) the third, with prior notice of several days and in cooperation with
CEPT, called for 4 channels at the beginning of the decade and 5 by its
end (usage of 1 percent of total time).

Each channel was designed to simultaneously carry:

a) a color TV SECAM/PAL signal;

b) a high quality sound signal coupled to each television image;

c) twenty signals for audio dialog;

29



INTER-AMERICAN AFFAIRS

BRIEFS

VENEZUELAN WORKERS TO BOYCOTT NICARAGUAN TRAFFIC--Caracas, 18 Sep
(VENPRES)--Milton Carrero, president of the Federation of Venezuelan
Communications Workers, announced that at 0700 on Wednesday the federa-
tion will begin an indefinite boycott of telecommunications with Nicaragua.
The boycott, he explained, covers mail, telephone, radiotelegraph, tele-
graph and Telex services and ships coming to Venezuelan ports. This boy-
cott, Carrero pointed out, is indefinite, until the dictator is ousted.
Carrero said that as a result of the boycott there will be no communica-
tions between Nicaragua and Venezuela. We want to apologize for the
measure, but it is a form of pressure to cooperate with the Nicaraguan
people's rebellion against the dictator Somoza. He said the federation
supports President Carlos Andres Perez' policy in asking for intervention
by the OAS in order to apply sanctions against the Nicaraguan dictator-
ship. [Text] [Caracas Diplomatic Information Service in Spanish 1734 GMT
19 Sep 78 PA]

COMMUNICATIONS AGENCY CUT OFF--Panama, 14 Sep (ACAN-EFE)--The Nicaraguan
Government this afternoon cut off international communications with the
CENTRAL AMERICAN NEWS AGENCY (ACAN-EFE) and, apparently, also with other
press agencies. The ACAN-EFE circuits between Managua and San Jose,
Costa Rica, as well as those between Managua and Tegucigalpa, were cut
off in midafternoon without prior warning. The cut also affects this
agency's communications between the northern and southern parts of
Central America. [Text] [Panama City ACAN in Spanish 0004 GMT 15 Sep 78
PA]

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15



not yet been officially informed. We want details. So far we have gotten
only a short, three-line communique, the same that was released to the
press," said Juracy Magalhaes.

Calmon de Sa clarified his position on the competitive bidding: the opinion
of the Superintendency of private insurance, against the association of
Atlantica with Ericsson, will not be reconsidered, he said. Legislation
prohibits an insurance company from using more than 20% of its capital
outside the insurance field.

5058
CS0:5500



BOLIVIA

BRIEFS

MICROWAVE NETWORK EXPANSION--The National Telecommunications Company
(ENTEL) has reported that the microwave network expansion to Tarija,
Potosi and Sucre will be in operation around the middle of 1980, since
work is being carried out on schedule. An automatic telephone system
between these three cities will be put in operation at the same time,
The microwave equipment will be provided by General Electric of England.
It was also reported that the international traffic center and the
Tiwanacu satellite communications station may be dedicated in December
of this year. [La Paz PRESENCIA in Spanish 17 Sep 78 p 12 PY]

cso: 5500

17



d) other channels, for the control of TV services and for commentators.
Some of these circuits (IF bidirectional between principal station and
earth stations) were to have been available on the basis of multiple
access, while others available with telegraphic call and response
capability first with 50 baud and later with 200 baud.

Naturally, by such a proposal, UER did not intend to parcel Eurovision
traffic out between the satellite and conventional nets. The definitive
agreement with CEPT called for the setting aside of two wide band repeat-
ers capable of assuring high quality transmissions between the European
ground stations for TF and TV traffic and for those limited to tele-
vision traffic for North Africa and the Middle East.1

By way of note, we would like to say that for satellite radio emissions,
that SBAG (Satellite Broadcasting Advisory Group), a part of ESA, has
already reached agreement with UER with regard to an additional satel-
lite, whose launch is planned by the end of 1980 and will also use the
L04 (the fourth) of Ariane. It will most probably operate on a frequency
between 13.9 and 15 GHz? and as potential beneficiaries of its tele-
vision experiences it will have two radio transmission units which would
time share the use of the space repeater. In 1977 ESA had signed study
contracts with European industry for research (mentioned above) of a
satellite which will, in a stationary orbit, have a weight of 900 kilo-
grams. The space vehicle will be a forerunner of a large platform cap-
able in the future of carrying several valuable loads for the direct and
semidirect transmission of TV programs and for radio sound transmission
in addition to 20/30 GHz propagation packets. In the future a total of
4 TV channels is foreseen, high-power channels for the direct reception
by the users and the retransmission to earth on the part of radio trans-
mission authorities whose prior reception was done with minimally
extended terminals.

From a constructive point of view, the ECS satellite, already being built,
uses transmission "chains" of the type used by A Module of the OTS, of
which more will be said later, due to the positive results achieved dur-
ing the period of orbital trials. The carrier structure is the same.

From the management point of view, the preoperational trials undertaken
with the experimental satellite will confirm the soundness of the system
plan or will call for modifications.

The maximum lifespan expected of the ECS satellites is 7 years. To
assure the existence of a space link, that is to say the availability of
a connection for the planned period of 10 years, it is necessary to have
at least two satellites in orbit, one of which is on “stand by" immedi-
ately available and a whole series of others on the ground ready to be
launched.

30



SRI LANKA

PRESIDENT FILLS TELECOMMUNICATIONS PORTFOLIO
BKI41341¥ Hong Kong AFP in English 1319 GMT 14 Sep 78 BK

[Text] Colombo, Sep 14 (AFP)--President J.R. Jayewardene today completed his cabinet for-
mation following the promulgation of a new constitution last week.

Two new ministers, three other ministers outside cabinet rank and 23 deputy ministers were
sworn in by the president at his official residence at Kandy, 115 km (72 miles), from here
this morning,

The former speaker, Mr Anandatissa de Alwis, 29, took his oath as minister of state in
charge of information, broadcasting and aviation,

Mr Jayewardene had nominated Mr de Alwis to this post when he named his 27-member cabinet
on September 7, the day on which the new constitution was promulgated, but Mr de Alwis did
not take oaths on that day with the other ministers. He resigned from the speaker's post
yesterday,

Mr, D. B. Wijetunga, minister of power and highways, was today given the additional portfolio
of posts and telecommunications,

This followed the death last Saturday of the former minister of posts and telecommunications,
Mr Shelton Jayasinghe.

A new speaker will be elected when Parliament next meets on September 21,

cso: 5500

12


ROK RECEIVES CALLS FROM USSR-~Seoul, 1 Sep--Telephone contacts have been
established between South Korea and the Soviet Union for the first time
since the founding of the republic in 1948. Telephone calls were made
for 11 minutes beginning 8:44 pm Thursday and 16 minutes beginning 6:34 am
today between MBC, a local commercial TV and radio station, and a Korean
contingent now in Leningrad to compete in a semi-final round of the world
women's volleyball championship. Japan's Kokusai Denshin Denwa Co. made
the relay. In the absence of diplomatic ties between the two countries,
the Soviet Union had simply ignored phone calls from Seoul. [Text]

[Seoul HAPTONG in English 0259 GMI 1 Sep 78 SK]

SINGAPORE-CONGO TELEX SERVICE--The telecommunications authority of Singa-
pore announces that international telex service with Congo will be intro-
duced from 16 August. This expansion brings the number of countries with
which Singapore has telex service to 170. [Text] [Singapore Domestic
Service in English 2330 GMT 14 Aug 78 BK]

COMPUTER COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE--Kyoto, 26 Sep--The world's experts on
electronics Tuesday opened a four-day conference to discuss the future of
computer communications and their social impacts. The Fourth Inter-
national Computer Communications Conference, under way at Kyoto Inter-
national Conference Hall, is the first to be held in Asia. The conference,
first held in the United States in 1972, is held every two years. In the
Kyoto session, some 930 experts from 27 countries are taking part. On
the agenda are computer networks and international standards, applications
of light or satellite communications, international distribution of infor-
mation and their political and social impacts. Yasusada Kitahara, vice-
president of the Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Public Corporation, made
an opening speech. [Text] [Tokyo KYODO in English 0805 GMT 26 Sep 78 OW]

cso: 5500



USSR

BRIEFS

KRUTOGOROVO TV RELAY STATION--A television relay station has been
installed in Krutogorovo, making it possible for its residents to be the
first. in Sobelevskiy Rayon, Kamchatskaya Oblast, to view Orbita-2 pro-
grams. [Vladivostok Maritime Service in Russian to the Pacific Far East
1930 GMI 22 Sep 78 OW]

cso: 5500

27



INTER-ARAB AFFAIRS

BRIEFS

BROADCASTING UNION MEETING--Riyadh--The General Assembly of the Arab
States Broadcasting Union [ASBU] concluded its meetings this evening

at King Faysal Conference Hall, Riyadh. The meetings, which lasted

for 3 days, were chaired by Salih Bin Nasir, assistant under secretary

of the Ministry of Information for Radio and Television and chairman

of the confederation. The recommendations and resolutions of the ASBU
General Assembly include the formation of a financial committee comprising
representatives of the kingdom [of Saudi Arabia], Syria and Sudan to audit
the final account for the year 1976-77. The assembly approved the
acceptance of Djibouti as an active member of ASBU and the Irish Radio
and Television Corporation as an affiliated member. The assembly
recommended that the ASBU coordinate with the PLO with regard to the
programs beamed to the occupied territories. [Excerpts] [Riyadh SNA

in Arabic 1835 GMT 26 Sep 78 LD]

cso: 4802

24



WORLDWIDE AFFAIRS

MONGOLIA-USSR RADIO RELAY AGREEMENT SIGNED

ows00hoky Ulaanbaatar MONTSAME in Russian 1835 GMT 28 Aug 78 OW

[Text] Ulaanbaatar, 28 Aug (MONTSAME)--A general agreement on the construction of a
radio relay line between Dashinchilen and Erdenet (central Mongolia) was signed here
today by the [Soviet] "Prommasheksport" All-Union Export and Import Association and
the Mongolian "Kompleksimport" association.

The new line, which will be built jointly by Mongolian and Soviet construction workers,
will soon link the mining city with the republic's capital. As a result Erdenet residents
will be able to receive central radio broadcasting and television programs and view programs
carried over the "Orbita" system. The agreement was signed for the Mongolian side by D.
Dor jpalam, chairman of the Mongolian "Kompleksimport" association, and for the Soviet side
by V.A. Sidelnikov, acting economic counselor at the USSR Embassy in the MPR.

The signing of the document was attended by D. Saldan, chairman of the MPR State Committee
for Foreign Economic Relations and minister of the MPR; D. Gotob, MPR minister of communi-
eations; S. Purebjab, chairman of the State Information, Radio and Television Committee
of the MPR Council of Ministers; and other officials.

cso: 5500



CONTENTS (Continued)

USSR

Treaty on Mass Media Needed To Halt West's Subversion
(TASS, 20 Sep 78).......-

Briefs
Krutogorovo TV Relay Station

WESTERN EUROPE
INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS
Operational, Experimental European Satellite
Communications Systems, Programs

(G. Pagliai; NOTE, RECENSIONI, NOTIZIE,
Sep-Dec 77)..

FRANCE

Effects of Telecom Budget Shrinkage Discussed
(Helene Pichenot; L'USINE NOUVELLE, 7 Sep 78)........

SWEDEN

Mobile Paging System Initiated in Sweden
(Seth Myrby; TELE, No 1, 1978)..........ecce eee eeeee

Page

26

27

28

47

49



EAST GERMANY

BRIEFS

BERLIN SYMPOSIUM DISCUSSES MASS MEDIA~--Berlin, September 25, TASS--A
symposium devoted to the task of the mass media at the present stage of
struggle for the economic independence, social and cultural progress of
developing countries, opened here today. It is timed to coincide with
the 15th anniversary of the opening of a school of solidarity under the
GDR Union of Journalists. The symposium is attended by journalists from
11 countries, including representatives of the African National Congress
of South Africa, the Zimbabwe Patriotic Front and of several inter-
national organisations. [Text] [Moscow TASS in English 1607 GMT

25 Sep 78 LD]

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13



WORLDWIDE AFFAIRS

BRIEFS

ARD-PRC SIGN AGREEMENT--Peking--A delegation of ARD [FRG consortium of
broadcasting corporations] led by its deputy chairman, Werner Hess, in
Peking has agreed to conclude a cooperation treaty with the Chinese
state radio and television commission. The treaty provides for the
exchange of television news and films as well as tapes for radio. In
addition, ARD is offering assistance to the Chinese in training techni-
cians. [Text] [Hamburg DPA in German 1111 GMT 27 Sep 78 LD]

GDR, MADAGASCAR SIGN ACCORD--Rudolf Schulze and Rakotovao Andriantiana,
ministers of posts and telecommunications of the GDR and the Democratic
Republic of Madagascar respectively, on 30 August in Berlin signed a
government agreement on postal and telecommunications cooperation. It
contains provisions to expand relations in the communications field and
to deepen scientific-technical cooperation. During his visit, the min-
ister informed himself about the state of development in various sectors
of the GDR postal and telecommunications system. [Text] [East Berlin ADN
International Service in German 1826 GMT 30 Aug 78 LD]

INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION CONGRESS OPENS--Budapest, August 29 (MTI)--
A four-day international telecommunication conference began Tuesday morn-
ing at the Telecommunication Research Institute of Budapest. Jointly
organized by the International Union of Radio Science [IURS] and the
Hungarian Academy of Sciences, the session is being attended by some 350
experts from England, Australia, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, the
United States, Egypt, Finland, France, Greece, the Netherlands, India,
Ireland, Iraq, Iran, Israel, Japan, Yugoslavia, Canada, Cuba, Poland,
Libya, the German Democratic Republic, the Federal Republic of Germany,
Norway, Italy, Romania, Switzerland, Sweden, the Soviet Union and Turkey.
These include Professor Stumpers, who is represented IURS [as received]
and Soviet Academician V. Y. Siforov. Some 230 lectures--including 50 by
Hungarian researchers--are to be delivered at the meeting. These will
range from theoretical and practical planning of telecommunication to
radio systems. Papers will be read also on the application of computers
for planning circuits, production and micro-wave components and circuits
and telecommunication measurement technics. [Text] [Budapest MII in
English 1025 GMT 29 Aug 78 LD]



Foreign Ministry Announces Agreement
Rio de Janeiro 0 GLOBO in Portuguese 16 Sep 78 p 6

/Text/ Brasilia (0 GLOBO). Itamaraty /Foreign Office/ announced yesterday
that a new underwater cable telecommunications system is to be established
by 1982, linking South America, Africa, and Europe, according to an agreement
signed in this respect early in the month in Rome by representatives of
Argentina, Brazil, France, Italy, Portugal, and Senegal. France will be
almost completely responsible for the entire project, from supplying the
cables all the way to laying them on the bed of the Atlantic Ocean. Nothing
was said about the cost of the undertaking for each country but the total
has been estimated at $300 million. The system will consist of two sections,
with more than 4,000 telephone circuits. The section between Brazil and
Senegal will have 1,840 circuits and the section going to Portugal will have
2,580 circuits.

5058
cs0:5500

19



U. S. JOINT PUBLICATIONS RESEARCH SERVICE

|” REPRODUCED BY 4
| NATIONAL TECHNICAL |
} INFORMATION SERVICE

‘S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
SPRINGFIELD, VA. 22161

JPRS 72067

18 October 1978

TRANSLATIONS ON TELECOMMUNICATIONS POLICY,
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
No. 56

}

Reproduced From
Best Available Copy

pro’

ONSTATEMENTA —
OS TRE tor Public Release
Distribution Unlimited

20000444 094

~



_ Stand-by section

5a]
a

Pe

40 Miz @7

"yy

EUROBEAM

stano-ey Sect ioy

zl
3
$ . o

120 MHz
6 J ‘or
tel
4
, Large band ' -Limited band
a section. a Sectdon
Figure 6

It is obvious that every receiving antenna which picks up crossed electro-
magnetic camps must feed both its chains, each one reserved for signals
of a single polarization; therefore an OMT (ortho-mode-transducer) net

is necessary to provide for the division of signals and is therefore
placed immediately after the antenna.

Likewise in transmission, with a similar mechanism, the coupling of both
orthogonal polarized signals will take place, each exhibiting orthogonal
polarization as they were received, that is, capable of simultaneous
transmission in both polarizations.

The two sections are thus made up:

a) Each large band contains, in the following order, an entry filter,
a low noise parametric amplified, an IF preamplifying connector and an
energy combination and division net. The name large band is justified
by the fact that the section functions for the whole OTS large 350 MHz
frequency band, beginning with 14112.5 MHz to 14462.5 MHz for the

RF reception side and from 800 to 1150 MHz for the IF exit side.

The TC telecommand, which can be received in both polarizations, is
extracted from the intermediate IF frequency (UHF). The division and
combination net calculates the exit of active and redundant reception
chains for each polarization.

b) Each limited band section (limited to the channel width) includes
an IF filter at the exit of the above-mentioned combiner, an IF principal

42



and Vietnamese Ambassador to Malaysia Vu Bach Mai. Tran Lam, chairman of
the VNRTC, signed documents officially recognizing the VNRTC's membership.
On September 9 the VNRTC delegation called on the Malaysian broadcasting
and television organization and was warmly welcomed by Abdullah Mohamed
and other senior officials. The Vietnamese delegates and their hosts had
an exchange of views on cooperation between the organizations and on the
exchange of programs, experience and correspondents. In the afternoon

of the same day the Vietnamese delegation left for Indonesia, continuing
its friendship tour of Southeast Asia. [Text] [Hanoi VNA in English

1545 GMT 13 Sep 78 BK]

VIETNAM-INDIAN RADIO, TV PROTOCOL--Hanoi, 30 Aug (VNA)--A protocol on
radio and television cooperation was signed on August 28 in New Delhi
between Vietnam and India. Signatories were Tran Lam, head of a delega-
tion of the Vietnam Radio and Television Commission on a visit to India,
and Lal Kishinchand Advani, minister of information and broadcasting.

At the reception given to the Vietnamese delegation after the signing,
Minister Advani expressed his desire to see the constant enhancement of
cooperation, particularly in the field of broadcasting and television,
between the two countries. He said the Vietnamese people, with their
patriotism, courage and endurance, as was manifested during the past
war against foreign aggression, will succeed in national reconstruction.
The Vietnam radio and television delegation left New Delhi yesterday
after a five-day visit to India. [Text] [Hanoi VNA in English 1553 GMT
30 Aug 78 OW]

cso: 5500



INTER-ASIAN AFFAIRS

BRIEFS

CUBA-COLOMBIA DIRECT TELEX LINK--Bogota, 25 Sep (AFP)--Colombian
Ambassador to Cuba Clara Nieto de Ponce de Leon announced here today that
Colombia and Cuba will reestablish telephone and telex communications.

A Colombian-Cuban technical commission set up for this purpose will
establish conditions under which the reconnection of communication lines
will be made. The diplomat also said Colombia and Cuba will strengthen
diplomatic relations and are preparing to sign mutual cooperation agree-
ments in the technical, commercial, educational and artistic fields.
[Excerpt] [Paris AFP in Spanish 1453 GMT 25 Sep 78 PA]

INDONESIA-SRV RADIO-TV. EXCHANGE--The visiting Vietnam radio-television
delegation was received by the Information Department secretary general,
Sutikno Lukitodisastro, in his capacity as acting radio-television-film
director general. The delegation leader, Mr Tran Lam, expressed the
wish for cooperation in the exchange of radio and television programs to
enable the two nations to learn about each other's culture and situation.
[Text] [Jakarta Domestic Service in Indonesian 1200 GMT 13 Sep 78 BK]

THAILAND, VIETNAM SIGN PACT--Hanoi, 10 Sep  (VNA)--

Premier Pham Van Dong of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam and General
Kriangsak Chamanan, prime minister of the Kingdom of Thailand, this
morning signed a joint statement, reports VNA's special correspondent
in Bangkok. The signing ceremony was held solemnly at the government
guest house in the capital of Thailand. Also this morning an agreement
on post and telecommunication services was signed in Bangkok by Viet-
namese Minister of Foreign Trade Dang Viet Chau and Thai Foreign Minis-
ter Uppadit Pachariyangkun. Members of the delegation to the talks
between the two countries were present on the occasion. [Text] [Hanoi
VNA in English 1619 GMT 10 Sep 78 OW]

VIETNAM JOINS ASIAN BROADCASTING INSTITUTE—-Hanoi, 13 Sep (VNA)--The
Asia-Pacific Institute for Broadcasting and Television Development has
admitted the Vietnam Radio and Television Commission [VNRIC] as a member.
Present at the admission ceremony in Kuala Lumpur on September 7 were
Abdullah Mohamed, president of the managerial council of the institute,



deployment of panels. Earth acquisition for rotation around the roll and
yaw axis, launch of the inertial wheel, maneuvers to bring the satellite
to 10°E. Its definite periphery speed will be of 11,060 kph over a
circumference of 265,000 kilometers.

Figure 5
The change from a transfer orbit to a synchronous one is labelled drift

orbit and these operations encompass the length in time of the drift
phase.

During the launch and during the transfer and draft phases, ESOC will
use for its TM&C the following stations:

NASA: Ascension, Orroral, Guam, Santiago, Quito, Merrit Rosman Is.
ESA: Redu (B)
DFVLR (22): Weilheim (D)
CRA (23): Malindi (Kenya)
3.4. Summary of OTS Characteristics

--MASS

Launch weight
Orbit weight

865 kilograms
444 kilograms

38



USSR

"TREATY ON MASS MEDIA NEEDED TO HALT WEST'S SUBVERSION
LD202346¥ Moscow TASS in English 1742 GMT 20 Sep 78 LD

[Text] Moscow, September 20, TASS--"Human intellect has created mass information media

not for kindling hatred, not for building up tensions and not for ideological acts of
sabotage, but so that they should serve the cause of peace and mutual understanding of
peoples," the NEW TIMES [NOVOYE VREMYA] notes, In an article on the question of
dissemination and exchange of information, the weekly writes: "Is it possible to draw

up such generally acceptable standards, principles of international information activity
that would take into account the interests of states with different social systems, guaran-
tee the use of mass information media for peace, deepening detente and mutual understanding,
and not hatred among nations?"

"An overwhelming majority of states believe that it is not only possible, but also
necessary, And necessary precisely now that restructuring is under way of the whole complex
of international relations along the lines of peaceful coexistence and international
detente." The NEW TIMES notes that the Soviet Union is consistently pursuing the line

so that at talks in international organizations were developed step by step and coordinated
just principles meeting the requirements of peaceful coexistence and documents outlining
the content and form of information exchanges.

The weekly stresses that exceptionally important work has been done in this respect at
the Conference on European Security and Cooperation and recalls that at the Belgrade
meeting the delegations of the socialist countries tabled proposals on broadening cooper-
ation between news agencies, on preyenting propaganda of militarism, racialism, putting
an end to psychological warfare practices, on enhancing the responsibility of newsmen and
information media for the objectiveness of their news coverage.

"Regrettably, all of these proposals have been rejected by representatives of the NATO
member countries, Moreover, the U.S. delegation openly took under its protection the
actions of such subversive radio stations as Liberty and Free Europe, which were specially
created for acts of sabotage against striving of the United States to preserve a free hand
for further propaganda falsifications, for ideological subversive activity."

The NEW TIMES goes on to write that UNESCO is now discussing an important document--a draft
declaration on basic principles of use of mass information media for strengthening peace
and international mutual understanding, for combatting war propaganda, racialism and
apartheid, The initiative of the draft was put forward by the socialist states, and it was
practically drawn up by experts of many countries. It must be believed that the debate

to be held late in October in Paris at the next session of the UNESCO General. Conference
on this issue will be useful and will end in the adoption of a declaration, the weekly
writes in conclusion,

cso: 5500

26



amplifier with attenuators with telecommand alteration capability and

up converters to climb to the 11 GHz band.

The RF obtained with the aid of local oscillators is amplified in TWT
(Traveling Wave Tube) with a 20 W exit and finally passes through the
filtering agents. All of the elements used except the filters are

at least of 250 MHz band. The TWI function with large bands covering

frequencies between 10.9 and 11.7 GHz.

By way of reference to the TWI, which represents one system using satel-
lites (and others as well, it being the only electronic tube still used \
in matters of available and earned energy) a given redundance is created, |

explained below.

One of the 40 MHz channels and a 120 MHz channel in crossed polarization
with respect to that of the first, each has access capability to one of
the two TWI; the remaining two channels do not have redundant amplifiers.

Finally, the exit charges of the two 40 MHz BW channels go to the
Eurobeam A transmitting antenna with feed to two orthogonal linear
polarizations, whereas those of the two 120 MHz BW channels go to the

spot antenna.

The IM signals are inserted in the first of the two antennas and emitted

in one of the two possible polarizations.

Table 2 below outlines the general characteristics.

Table 2. A Module General Characteristics

Channel indication
Channel band width
Noise figure
Nominal gain:

to saturation

in linear function
Normal entry level for
saturated exit
Exit level (at beginning
of activation)

0.L. down-converter
up-converter

Frequency stability
over 3 years
over 1 month

Antenna gain
over Rome (dB)

(MHz)
(4B)

(dB)
(dB)

(4B)
(dBW)

(MHz)
(MHz)

Eurobeam A
26.1

43

2
40
5.2

107.4
113.4

96.5

10.9

2 4 4
40 120 120
5.2 5.2 5.2

107.9 105.8 105.5
113.9 111.8 111.5

-96.5 -94.4  -94.0

11.4 11.8 11.5
13,312.5
10,650.0
1/105
1/106

Spotbeam
31.3



ZAMBIA

BRIEFS

MICROWAVE LINK-~President Kaunda said in Kasama today that effective
communication links with neighboring countries were very essential to
landlocked Zambia's all-round development. The president was speaking
when he commissioned the Lusaka-Kasama-Likonde microwave link. On the
local theme, Dr Kaunda said the microwave link will improve important
circuit facilities for the Northern Province for telephones, Telex and
telegram services as well as a television channel earlier restricted to
areas [words indistinct]. Dr Kaunda also disclosed that the Post and
Telecommunications Corporation is embarking on improving and modernizing
existing facilities and building exchanges. [Salisbury Domestic Service
in English 1115 GMT 21 Sep 78 LD/CA]

cso: 5500

25



WORLDWIDE AFFAIRS

FORMER USIA HEAD ADDRESSES COMMUNICATIONS INSTITUTE
LD121950¥ Moscow TASS in English 1705 GMT 12 Sep 78 LD

[Text] New York, September 12, TASS--Speaking at the conference of the International
Institute of Communications, which opened in Belgrade, the former United States
Information Agency (USIA) director, Leonard H. Mark, according to the UPI agency,
called on capitalist countries to launch a special commmications satellite, which
would help developing nations to better receive Western radio and TV broadcasts. He
also urged to lower rates for leading Western newspapers and magazines to make them
more available for the population in developing countries.

Leonard Marks is pretending that he cares for the interests of developing states. in
fact, the essence of his proposals is that capitalist states should create conditions
for intensifying the propaganda of the Western way of life and imposing Western ideology
on developing countries.

But is well known that just as USIA in the past, the U.S, Agency for International
Communication, which replaced it, is trying to describe the interference of Washington's
propaganda machine in internal affairs of young sovereign states as an expansion of
information exchange. While doing so, they like to talk in Washington that this is
based on the Final Act of the Helsinki conference, though this document contains a
provision that "the participating states shall refrain from any intervention, direct

or indirect, individual or collective, in the internal or external affairs falling
within the domestic jurisdiction of another participating state."

By his talks on improving the means of communications, Leonard Mark will not succeed
in camouflaging the essence of Washington's propaganda course, which runs counter to
genuim interests of developing countries.

cso: 5500



ARGENTINA

BRIEFS
COLOR TELEVISION IN 1980--Buenos Aires, 15 Sep (AFP)--Color television
will begin in Argentina early in 1980, it was reported in Buenos Aires

today. The FRG PAL system will be used. [Paris AFP in Spanish 1123 GMT
15 Sep 78 PY]

cso: 5500

16



tion areas that are interested.

In Orebro the various announcing machine messages
and charging signals used are also generated. In addi-
tion paging statistics for different subscriber categories
and trunk code areas are delivered to the computer ter-
minals connected to the system. These are also used
for the output of information concerning any faults in
the system. |

The equipment was developed by the Swedish Tele-
communications Administration and Ellemtel since
there was no suitable product available on the market.
It is a combination of micro processor technique and
wired logic. and is designed so that it can be built out
from 30000 to 300000 subscribers when necessary.
The equipment can also be manufactured and sold by

the Administration to interested parties in other coun-

tries, and informal contacts have already taken place.
Development work of this type is relatively costly,

but if this form had not been chosen it is unlikely that

all the system changes and improvements that were de-
vised during the course of the work would have been
introduced as smoothly as has actually happened.

An exciting market experiment

The Swedish Telecommunications Administration has
had very positive experience of the type of marketing
used for the subscriber equipment in the manual m
bile telephone system MTD. that is to say the subscri-
ber applies to the Administration for a subscription but
gets type approved equipment on the private market.
Price competition, product development and market-
ing collaboration are some of the advantages obtained.
The MBS receivers will therefore be marketed in the
same way. Initially receivers from Sonab and Mitsu-
bishi will be available.

However. there are indications that the Administra-
tion’s sales sector would benefit from the inclusion of
MBS receivers in their product range. Thus the Mar-
keting Department for Telephones has plans to com-
pete with the private market and to sell receivers at the
Administration's sales offices in those telecommunica-

cso: 5500 .

53

MBS variants for all needs

The MBS service can be offered in several variants. In
its simplest form (MBS-E) it gives a beep in the pocket
and the paged person must have come to an agreement
previously as to what is to be done. for example call
the exchange at work or go to the headquarters of the
retained fire brigade. In the latter case the supplemen-
tary service legitimation requirement before paging
(MBS-EL) may be of value. It requires that a 3-digit
code, which can easily be changed from time to time. is
dialled before the paging is carried out. in order to pre-
vent unauthorized alarms. This type of customer prob-
ably also requires a group number, i.e. several
receivers with the same number.

The caller's telephone number can be transmitted by
means of storing in the central equipment (MBS-V).
Only the simple and cheap type of receiver mentioned
above is required. When the called person wants to
know who has called he calls up the MBS equipment
and dials his MBS number, after which an announcing
machine gives the numbers of those who have called
during the last few hours. Incidentally. this is an excel-
lent secretary service even without an MBS receiver.
In this case also, a legitimation requirement can be in-
troduced so that the announcing machine message can-
not be initiated by unauthorized people (MBS-VL).

In the most advanced form of the service the sub-
scriber number can be transmitted direct to the receiv-
er, where it is shown on the receiver display (MBS-N}.
The number is stored in a memory which can also be
given extra capacity to include a couple of the latest
pagings. These receivers will costa few hundred kro-
nor more than the simple version, but on the other
hand they open up almost unlimited application possi-
bilities.

Finally there is the service priority paging. perhaps
supplemented by the legitimation requirement. which
gives priority in the paging queue and also repeated
paging as long as the caller does not replace the recei-
ver (MBS-EP and MBS-ELP). This service will only be

available for essential community needs since it requi-
res considerable system capacity, ———"____



2. The Preoperational Experimental System Which Utilizes OTS [Orbital
Testing Satellite] and the Related Program of OPT [Orbital Testing
Program]

This telecommunications satellite is experimental and preoperational in
character, thus its program can be included in that of ECS.

The ESA [European Space Agency] had planned to launch a satellite toward
the middle of 1977. Because of additional trials at ESTEC3 (Noordwijk)
and Toulouse, the date advanced to 14 September 1977.

It is well known that the launch attempt undertaken with the Thor-Delta
3914 booster met with failure.

The OTS, after liftoff, functioned by telemetry for 54 seconds, accord—
ing to NASA spokesmen, that is, until the explosion of the ninth auxiliary
solid propellant engine.

A new launch has been planned using the OTS-B, the reserve unit, 6 months
following the failure of the first launch.

The OTS' Mission

The orbital test satellite will be devoted to experiments programmed by
CEPT, UER, European research agencies and universities, in order to
acquire a concrete experience for those techniques needed to activate
the operational systems, as well as the utilization of these systems.
In particular, the OTS will:

1) confirm the concept of space vehicle and verify its operation;
2) experiment with the 11/14 GHz bands, the results of the technologies
activated and numerical transmission with TDMA [Time Division Multiple

Access];

3) evaluate the incidence of propagation phenomena of E.M. waves
through the atmosphere, and the quality of transmission;

4) study the technical problems arising from the management of the new
system;

5) study and experiment, in view of the future possible applicability
of satellites, transmission of direct radio diffusions in space;

6) evaluate the possibility of data and other information transmission
between small scale terminals.

33



3. Description of the Satellite

3.1. Modular Structure

The feasibility studies were begun by ESA (then ESRO--European Space
Research Organization) in 1971. OTS is the third European TLC satellite,
which was preceded by the Franco-German experimental Symphonie and the
Italian Sirio.

ANTENNAS

TELECOMMUNICATIONS
MODULE

SERVICE
*MODULE

It is a triaxial stabilization satellite and of modular construction
configuration (Figure 3). The structure in fact consists of a service
module which insures all the essential support functions and a tele-
communications module which contains the payload.4 An antenna control
system allows the pointing of the six SHF antennas to within 0.2° for

34



MOBILE PAGING SYSTEM INITIATED IN SWEDEN

Stockholm TELE in English No 1, 1978 pp 4-7

[Article by Seth Myrby]

[Text]

The Swedish Telecommunications Administra-°

tion will start its countrywide paging service,
MBS, in the autumn of 1978. The system design
has several unique features that have attracted
great interest from all parts of the world. The ser-
vice is cheap. The paging, which can be carried
out from any telephone set in Sweden, costs only
2 markings (at present SKr 0.34) a time, irrespec-
tive of distance. Each paging call is transmitted
simultaneously all over the country. The radio
broadcasting transmitters in the FM band are
used and thus the paging reaches everywhere
where there is good FM reception (practically all
Sweden). This gives extremely good coverage for
very low investment costs.

The telephone number of the caller can either be
transmitted direct to the MBS receiver and shown
ona small display, or it can be transmitted by
announcing machine from the MBS exchange in
Orebro in central Sweden. Thus the MBS number
can be entered in the telephone directory togeth-
er with the normal telephone number. This fills a
large gap in the paging market and also opens
the way for a number of different applications,
for example in the field of remote control.

49

SWEDEN



BRAZIL

DIRECT DIALING SYSTEM TO BE EXPANDED
Sao Paulo O ESTADO DE SAO PAULO in Portuguese 15 Sep 78 p 16

/Text/ The goal of EMBRATEL /Brazilian Telecommunications Company/ in the
intercity service field for 1978 is the adaptation of direct long-distance
dialling in 4,2 million telephones, covering 802 cities throughout the
country. This disclosure was made yesterday, in Rio, by EMBRATEL president
Haroldo Correa de Mattos, in revealing the program for the 13th anniversary
of the enterprise which will be celebrated today with a mass at the Church of
Candelaria in Rio.

He justified the rapid expansion of the direct long-distance dialling network
(which in 1977 covered only 470 localities) in the light of a requirement
for "handling the vast volume of intercity traffic processed daily by
EMBRATEL systems," He explained that, during the first half of this year
alone, the number of intercity connections exceeded 100 millions, with a
growth rate of 21 percent over the first half of 1977.

Telephone

“Where we have our own domestic technology, it is being used completely,
because we are interested in developing a technology of our own. We are
providing incentives not only through work but also with money in order to
push research in Brazil; this is why we already have our own Brazilian
telepone, completely developed by Brazilian enterprises, now being tested on
a large scale." These explanations were provided yesterday at Campo Grande
by Communications Minister Euclides Quandt de Oliveira who was in the city
to preside over the ceremonies inaugurating the new telephone exchange with

an initial capacity for 15 /sic/ phone units.

The day before yesterday, Quandt de Oliveira in Brasilia pointed up the
financial problems faced by radio and television stations as the main cause
for the rather weak position of these vehicles of Brazilian traditions and
culture. According to him, one of the basic objectives of the telecommunica-
tions bill is precisely to work out mechanisms that will provide incentives
for the rise of a genuinely Brazilian television system.

The day before yesterday, Quandt de Oliveira defended the absénce of prior ~
censorship over radio and television programs, “including debates, reports,
and scientific or general programs." _

22



from a few hundred to about a thousand hours depend-
ing on the type of battery. The simplest receiver vari-
ant gives an acoustic signal when paged. Some re-
ceivers can be allocated more than one subscriber
number and it can also be arranged that a whole group
of receivers are alarmed by the same number.

A mobile radio system is always exposed to distur-
bances and field strength variations. In order to give a
reasonable paging reliability in spite of this, all calls are
transmitted twice with an interval of just over half a
minute between the two transmissions. The self-cor-
recting code and the possibility of comparing two
pagings make it possible for an intelligent receiver to
evaluate transmitted signals with a very high degree of
reliability. For several reasons, among others in order
to save the batteries in the receivers, the receivers
have been divided into groups, which are paged in
turn. When the particular group to which a receiver be-
longs is not being paged, several of its functions are
disconnected and the current consumption is then very
low.

In spite of its small dimensions the sensitivity of the
built-in antenna is so great that paging can be received
within almost the same areas as those in which satis-
factory broadcasting reception is obtained with a port-
able transistor radio. The paging receiver also con-
tains a monitor that indicates whether the local field
strength is high enough for receiving pagings.

The receivers are automatically tuned over the
whole FM band. This is done so that the subscribers
can go anywhere within the country and yet receive
pagings without having to switch to other wavelengths.
Thus a sufficiently strong FM transmitter that sends
MBS signals is automatically tuned in. In order to dif-
ferentiate between the Swedish system and MBS sys-
tems in adjacent countries, so that locking to an un-
wanted transmitter does not occur, the code contains a
label that is unique for each country.

Other applications

This inevitably brings to mind other applications out-
side the field of paging. Program channel labelling is
easily accomplished, so that a car radio receiver is al-
ways automatically tuned to, for example, P3 regard-
less of where in Sweden it is. It is also easy to arrange
for program labelling so that news reports, traffic infor-
mation, school broadcasting or other types of pro-
grams are preceded by a specific sighal that switches
on the broadcasting receiver just before such a pro-
gram. This method opens the way for a general and
versatile program labelling system with a large capaci-
ty, which is not the case with other similar systems,
such as the ARI system.

An interesting combination is obtained by supple-
menting a normal FM broadcasting receiver with the
LSI circuit that is the core of the MBS receiver. In this
way both functions are obtained at a low cost. More-

over it is likely that indication of the program labelling
signal can be obtained with the same circuit, which
would give an extremely versatile system at a low cost.

The subscriber number received by the MBS receiv-
er can of course symbolize a control code for remote
control purposes. The only requirement is that these
digits are accessible in some form at an output in the
MBS receiver. This could mean very interesting appli-
cations in cases where for example a leased circuit or
ordinary telephone subscription would be far too ex-
pensive.

An advan
ced central i
The brain of th equipment

e A
system is the central equipment in

Orebro, to which
analyzes the meh all calls are routed. The equipment

Designations:

8 = Bus interface for devices

© = Clock

K = Test desk

M= Memory (ditk store)

‘O= Device

= Procersor

'S © Control unit for devices

T= Announcing machine and
tone generator

} ‘Towards feeding points (Vaster’s and Ostersund)

Block diagram of the central equipment for mobile paging.

52



CONTENTS (Continued)

INDONESIA

Briefs
Small Earth Satellite Stations

MALAYSIA

Briefs
Color Television Transmissions

MONGOLIA

Briefs
Telephone Exchanges

PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
"KWANGMING DAILY' Describes Shantung's New Microwave

Lines
(KWANGMING DAILY, 14 Sep 78)..

SRI LANKA

President Fills Telecommunications Portfolio
(AFP, 14 Sep 78)...ceeeeeeccee nee c cece cece cece eeeeee

EASTERN EUROPE
EAST GERMANY

Briefs
Berlin Symposium Discusses Mass Media

YUGOSLAVIA

New Regulations on Radio Transmitters in SFRY Noted
(TANJUG Domestic Service, 13 Sep 78)..... sec eeeeeeeee

LATIN AMERICA
INTER-AMERICAN AFFAIRS
Briefs
Venezuelan Workers To Boycott Nicaraguan
Traffic

Communications Agency Cut Off

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Page

10

11

12

13

14

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Included in the A module are also the satellite's telecommand receivers
and the telemetry transmitters.

The receiving antenna system is made up of two identical disks (in
redundance) which look out on the whole of Europe with the Eurobeam A,
which at 3 dB measures 7.5° x 4.25°. The transmitting antenna produces
an identical elliptical beam. The ellipticalness is due to the deforma-
tion of the outer edges which originally were circular.

There exists also a fourth antenna in the A module which is a radiator
used in transmission and related to the two channels which form the
chain with the 120 MHz wide band.

It is a paraboloid with a diameter larger than the other two and there-
fore, using same frequency, with greater benefit. It produces a mobile
spot beam with a nominal beam width of 2.5°. The associated mechanism
allows it to be pointed where it is needed. The frequencies used are
those preselected by the ECS, namely:

Up link D Band 14.00-14.50 GHz
Down link A Band 10.95-11.25 GHz
B Band 11.45-11.70 GHz

The A module, with which we are now occupying ourselves, uses the follow-
ing frequencies or bands:

TC (Telecommand) receiver 14.125 MHz
40 MHz chain 14152.5 + 14192.5 MHz
120 MHz chain (up-link) 14242.5 + 14362.5 MHz

In the satellite-earth connection:

TTM (telemetry) transmitter 11,575.0 MHz
40 MHz chain 11,490.0 +-11530.0 MHz
120 MHz chain (down link) 11,580.0 + 11,700.0 MHz

As seen in Figure 6, it is possible to note that every chain in the

A module (four in all) is composed of two sections: one with a large
band and another with a limited "channelized" band. The first one men-
tioned precedes the second according to the route traveled by the signal,
that is, from reception to transmission.

The large band section is formed by two reception chains, one active
and one stand-by, each doubled up to accommodate both polarizations.
The module A repeater channels are connected in such a way as to trans~

mit in an orthogonal linear polarized fashion related as to how they
receive.

Al



—-DIMENSIONS

Height x length x width 2.39 x 2.13 x 1.68 m

Opening (folded out panels 9.26 m

--POWER

Power available in transfer orbit 90 W

At beginning of satellite life 809 W

At end of 3d year of mission 580 W

--LIFE

Minimal normal. span . 3 years

--LAUNCH

Launcher Thor Delta 3914

Location Eastern Test Range, Cape Canaveral,
Florida

~-TRANSFER ORBIT

Apogee 36,100 kilometers
Perigee 185 kilometers
Inclination with respect to

equatorial plain 27.38°
--SYNCHRONOUS ORBIT 35,900 km over the equator
~—-POSITIONING 10°E longitude + 0.10

OTS CONTRACTS

Main buiiders Apparatus
Aeritalia (I) --structure
--ground support apparatus
Selenia (I) --antennas
Hawker Siddley Dynamics (UK)
chief contractor for --power distribution
Matra (F) --assembly, trials integration, orien-

tation and orbital correction com-
mand system

LCT (F) --TM&C(20) large band and TWT
Thompson-CFS (F) --thermal subsystem structures
Erno (D) --cynetic flywheel
TELDIX (D) --cynetic flywheel

39



MALAYSIA

BRIEFS

‘COLOR TELEVISION TRANSMISSIONS--Radio and Television Malaysia has begun its 2-phase color
television’: transmission test. Under the first phase, color television programs are shown
from 1400 [0630 GMT] until normal television transmission hours begin, The second phase
will begin on 1 November, It constitutes supplementary transmission tests beginning after
the close of the normal transmission, [Kuala Lumpur Domestic Service in English
1130 GMT 2 Sep 78 BK]

cso: 5500



A high-class data channel

The new design is basically as follows. A 57 kHz sub-
carrier is locked in phase (phase shift 90°) to the third
harmonic of the pilot and is phase modulated with a
1200 baud binary coded signal. In order to reduce the
risk of interference further, a symmetrical code (Man-
chester) has been chosen. Low frequency products,
which may cause problems, are thereby suppressed.

This design gives an interference-free method of
transmitting data over a stereo modulated FM trans-
mitter. The design is unique and very carefully worked
out. It is very close to what must be considered as the
optimum solution and it will therefore be proposed for
international standardization.

The changeover to the binary coded technique also
made possible the use of self-correcting codes that in-
crease the reliability of the signal transmission consid-
erably. A detailed theoretical analysis of the character-
istics of various codes was carried out, among other
things with regard to the types of disturbances that are
common in the FM band and to which the MBS receiv-
ers will be exposed. The code finally chosen has very
good characteristics in this respect and is able to cor-
rect bursts with up to 5-bit faults per block.

Digital signals are particularly suitable for process-
ing in integrated circuits, and thus the changeover from
analog signals also provided new possibilities of in-
creasing the signal processing capacity at a low cost.
The digital signal is generated in the MBS centre in
Orebro and is sent over data transmission lines to the
radio stations in three places. From there the signals
are transmitted almost simultaneously over all the FM
transmitters for P3 (radio program 3) in the country, by
using *“‘ball-empfang’’-technique. Thus no special dis-
tribution circuits are required between the different
transmitters, they “‘listen to”’ each other. This means
that the cost of distributing the signals is very low but it
also means an increased risk of degeneration when
they have been relayed a number of times. In the new
system design, however, this has been prevented by
correction and regeneration of the signal at each trans-

mitter station before retransmission, which consider-
ably reduces the probability of bit errors. Furthermore
each transmitter has two alternative reception routes.
If a fault occurs in a transmitter the MBS signal is
switched to another transmitter. Each of the two feed-
ing points in the three places normally supplies si;

to its half of Sweden but can, if ra aecupplies signals
the feeding of the whole country alone. A system with
high transmission reliability has thereby been obtained
at a comparatively low cost. Ball-empfang-receivers

and the regneration and switching equipment are

manufactured in the Administration's own factories.
eli.

Unique number display

The changeover from MS to MBS has meant an in-
crease in the amount of information that can be trans-

51

System sketch.

£5] Pasing receiver

Paging receiver Paging receiver

Central equipment

mitted over the radio channel per unit of time. While re-
taining the capacity of 300000 subscribers. the tele-
phone number of the calling subscriber can now also be
sent direct to the MBS receiver and displayed there.
The Swedish international exchanges, with their grea-
ter register capacity, are used in order to make possible
the transfer of so many digits from the telephone sub-
scriber to Orebro. The previous plans only comprised
transmission of the number to the exchange in Orebro,
from where an announcing machine could then on re-
quest provide information as to who had called. This
original solution has been retained, but the developed
variant that displays the caller's telephone number in
the receiver has given Sweden a paging system which
at present seems to be one of the most advanced in the
world.

A MBS subscriber with one of the more advanced
variants of the service can thus have his MBS number
printed by the side of his telephone number in the di-
rectory. If nobody. answers the telephone the natural
thing will be for the caller to try paging via MBS.

Functional receivers

The receiver is of a robust construction in a convenient
pocket size. The operating life of the battery varies



PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA

"KWANGMING DAILY' DESCRIBES SHANTUNG'S NEW MICROWAVE LINES

Peking KWANGMING DAILY in Chinese 14 Sep 78 p 2 HK

[KWANGMING DAILY report: "The First Set of Microwave Communication Trunk Lines Completed
in Shantung Province"]

[Text] According to a TACHUNG DAILY report, the first set of 960-channel microwave com-
munication trunk lines in Shantung Province was recently completed in triumph and became
operational,

Microwave transmission uses very short electromagnetic waves to transmit signals to distant
places through relay stations set up about 50 kilometers apart, Its huge capacity,
multichannel circuits and ability to counter electromagnetic jamming make it a modern means

of radio communication. The set of microwave communication trunk lines completed in

Shantung Province is capable of transmitting 960 telephone calls or transmitting single-channel
television in color or in black and white. Television signals picked up via the microwave
communication lines have good picture and sound. Microwave circuits can also be used to
reproduce newspaper mats through high-speed facsimile transmission.

Construction of this set of communication lines, which are linked with those of Shihchia-
chuang in Hopei Province, began in 1972. When construction work was in progress, the staff
and workers of the Shantung Provincial Postal and Telecommunications Bureau closely bore

in mind the important instructions issued by great leader Chairman Mao and esteemed and
peloved Premier Chou with regard to accelerating the construction of microwave transmission
facilities. By continually eliminating the interference and sabotage of the “gang of four,"
they succeeded in insuring the smooth progress of the project, After the "gang of four" was
crushed, wise leader Chairman Hua wrote an inscription for the role played by postal and
telecommunications workers, which aroused their revolutionary drive and quickened the pace
of building the project, A major circuit of the microwave transmitter was completed and
activated half a year ahead of schedule. The cadres and workers of station 251 used
indigenous methods to install a projectile-shaped microwave transmission antenna.

Defying the elements, the workers and technicians of station 253 finished painting in the
engine room 18 days ahead of schedule. These efforts created favorable conditions for
speedily installing the engines and advancing the completion of the entire project. Over
20 units dealing with communications, hydroelectrical power generation, puilding and de-
signing as well as army units offered vigorous support before the project was completed.

The Shantung Provincial Postal and Telecommunication Bureau recently held a big rally to
hail the completion and operation of this set of microwave communication trunk lines.

SO:
cso: 5500 u



JPRS 72067

18 October 1978

TRANSLATIONS ON. TELECOMMUNICATIONS POLICY,

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

No. 56
ConTENTS

WORLDWIDE AFFAIRS

Mongolia-USSR Radio Relay Agreement Signed
(MONTSAME, 28 Aug 78)......eeeeeeeeeeeeeee

Former USIA Head Addresses Communications Institu
(TASS, 12 Sep 78)...eeeeeeeee . eee

Briefs
ARD-PRC Sign Agreement
GDR, Madagascar Sign Accord
International Telecommunication Congress 0,
ROK Receives Calls From USSR
Singapore-Congo Telex Service
Computer Communications Conference

ASIA
INTER-ASIAN AFFAIRS
Briefs

Cuba-Colombia Direct Telex Link
Indonesia-SRV Radio-TV Exchange
Thailand, Vietnam Sign Pact
Vietnam Joins Asian Broadcasting Institute
Vietnam-Indian Radio, TV Protocol

INDIA

Briefs
Satellite for Flood Forecasting

-a- {Ir

PAGE
te
3
3
jpens 3
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
6
7

I - INT - 140]



Plans call for the use by the ECS satellite of 12 transponders each hav-
ing at least an 80 MHz band and, because they are the source of used
energy, they can be made to function using the 12-9-5 formula. This
means that nine of them can be used for telephony during the time the
satellite is not in eclipse, five for when it is in eclipse (using
batteries). The remaining transponders serve as reserve.

Minimal Number of Repeaters in Use

Year Txe |). RX? RX RX Total
; Atlantic Ww E
‘watei982} 2 rn 1 5
1983 2 1 2 1 6
1984 2 1 3@ 1@ 7
1905 2 ‘4 /4@ 1@ 8
dal 1586 “2 1 5 (403) | 103) 9

(1) Transmission. (2) Reception.
(*) Global beam = area of general coverage; spot beam =
area of restricted coverage

The two orbiting satellites will have a task and repeaters envisioned as
follows:

The administrations which are part of the CEPT have created an organiza-
tion called EUTELSAT (presently in an interim phase) whose mission is the
management of the space sector of the future operational system. This is
the organization which will link the ITU [International Telecommunications
Union] with UER and INTELSAT with regard to the ECS system.

Also, the sum to be paid by EUTELSAT-INTERIMAIRE to ESA for the year has
been calculated, as of the date the first satellite goes into service.
This sum was calculated following a formula which includes several offi-
cial price indices of the electronics and aerospace industries of sev-
eral nations beginning on 21 December 1976 and later adjusted for the
first day of year of usage.

32



BRAZIL

ERICSSON TO APPEAL BIDDING DISQUALIFICATION
Sao Paulo 0 ESTADO DE SAO PAULO in Portuguese 13 Sep 78 p 25

/Text/ The chairman of the board of LM Ericsson, Bjorn Lundwal, informed
communications minister Euclides Quandt de Oliveira that he would appeal
through administrative channels against the decision disqualifying his en-
terprise from competitive bidding for the manufacture, in the country, of
CPA (stored-program-controlled) telephone exchanges.

Bjorn Lundwal did not provide any explanations on the grounds for the appeal.
On leaving the office of Minister Quandt de Oliveira, he did not wish to give
an interview, claiming "lack of time and other tight deadline commitments."

According to reports from the Ministry of Communications, the administrative
appeal could be forwarded to the minister responsible for the disqualification
decision or to the president of the republic.

Bjorn Lundwal spent about 45 minutes with Minister Quandt deOliveita and

the only matter taken up was competition for the manufacture of the CPA
J/system/. The meeting was also attended by Ericsson general manager for
Brazil, Valdemar Henriksson, and Antonio Carlos Almeida Braga, director of
Atlantica Boa~Vista, an Ericsson partnership group involved in the competition.

The president of LM Ericsson came to Brazil in order tomorrow, in Sao Paulo,
to chair the special enterprise meeting at which time the disqualification of
Ericsson of Brazil from competition for the production of the CPA system and
its effects on company business will be analyzed.

One Explanation

Accompanied by Almeida Braga and former minister Juracy Magalhaes, the
Ericsson president went to see Minister Calmon de Sa to whom he expressed his
concern over the damage to the company's image resulting from its disqualifica-
tion from competitive bidding for the supply of the CPA system. In his
capacity as chairman of the consultative board of Ericsson, Juracy Magalhaes
said that the enterprise feels that the explanations given by communications
minister Quandt de Oliveira for the disqualification are insufficient. "We
are investigating in an effort to find out what is happening because we have

20



NOTE

JPRS publications contain information primarily from foreign
newspapers, periodicals and books, but also from news agency
transmissions and broadcasts. Materials from foreign-language
sources are translated; those from English-language sources
are transcribed or reprinted, with the original phrasing and
other characteristics retained.

Headlines, editorial reports, and material enclosed in brackets
{] are supplied by JPRS. Processing indicators such as [Text]
or [Excerpt] in the first line of each item, or following the
last line of a brief, indicate how the original information was
processed. Where no processing indicator is given, the infor-
mation was summarized or extracted.

Unfamiliar names rendered phonetically or transliterated are
enclosed in parentheses. Words or names preceded by a ques-
tion mark and enclosed in parentheses were not clear in the
original but have been supplied as appropriate in context.
Other unattributed parenthetical notes within the body of an
item originate with the source. Times within items are as
given by source.

The contents of this publication in no way represent the poli-
cies, views or attitudes of the U.S. Government.

PROCUREMENT OF PUBLICATIONS

JPRS publications may be ordered from the National Technical
Information Service, Springfield, Virginia 22151. In order-
ing, it is recommended that the JPRS number, title, date and
author, if applicable, of publication be cited.

Current JPRS publications are announced in Government Reports
Announcements issued semi-monthly by the National Technical
Information Service, and are listed in the Monthly Catalog of
U.S. Government Publications issued by the Superintendent of
Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C.
20402.

Indexes to this report (by keyword, author, personal names,
title and series) are available through Bell & Howell, Old
Mansfield Road, Wooster, Ohio, 44691.

Correspondence pertaining to matters other than procurement
may be addressed to Joint Publications Research Service,
1000 North Glebe Road, Arlington, Virginia 22201.


3.6.2. The B Module

[The B Module] consists of two 5 MHz associated repeating chains with
two antennas, one for reception and one for transmission both with circu-
lar double polarization and both related to the Eurobeam B coverage.

The large band section is similar to that found in A module.

The down converters use the same local 13312.5 MHz oscillator. At an
intermediate frequency, the main amplifier is followed by a variable
PIN dial attenuator.

During transmission, an up-converter for each chain which uses the same
pump source at a 10650.0 MHz frequency, is followed by an adding net for
the introduction of 11786.0 MHz frequency beacons’ which will come before
the superior and inferior chain TWI's to be filtered with a principal
signal and sent out by the same antenna in two circular polarizations,
one left and the other right using an ortho-mode-transducer and polarizers
(continuous signals).

The chains' total gains, as happens with A module, are variable upon
command, twice as variable as that of A module and with a maximum value
which goes above the gain of A chains by 20 dB.

The result of this is that, together with the narrowness of the band
used, experiments with the OTS through small terminal grounds are pos-
sible.

The functional diagram is shown in Figure 7.

Canal. Section

. CAN
BL’ Section

Figure 7

Finally the general characteristics are shown in Table 3.

44



INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS

OPERATIONAL, EXPERIMENTAL EUROPEAN SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS, PROGRAMS
Rome NOTE, RECENSIONI, NOTIZIE in Italian Sep-Dec 77 pp 225-245

[Article by Engineer G. Pagliai]

[Text] 1. The ECS (European Communication System) Program

The ECS program is an operational program, designed to satisfy the needs
of the administration of CEPT [European Postal and Telecommunications
Conference] and UER [European Union of Radiobroadcasting] members begin-
ning in the year 1980 or thereafter.

The system's objective is to channel intra-European telephone, telegraph
and telex traffic through a space link, as well as to insure television
transmission of Eurovision programs. It can have additional functions
such as data transmission, teleconferences, as well as supply telephone
links with oil towers in the North Sea and more.

Information gathered on telephone traffic formulated with the collabora-
tion of all the Post Office Administrations indicates that in the first
years of the next decade the circuits activated on the space repeater
will not number less than 5,000 and represent a large part of the ever
increasing volume of traffic.

The total for 1990 will increase to 20,000. The increase in traffic
follows the trend outlined in Figure 1.

The most important earth stations in relation to the activation of
circuits via satellite are, in order of importance:

1) London

2) Zurich

3) Stockholm

4) Rome, Madrid, Frankfurt

5) Paris, Milan

6) Brussels, Amsterdam, Copenhagen, Athens, Vienna, Belgrade

28



given the earth's imperfect spherical shape, the egress speed of the
apogee engine gas exhaust and so on. For this reason, OTS was presented
with various possibilities for a choice of launchers, as one can gather
from what is synthesized in Table 1. The choice was the Thor-Delta 3914
of McDonnel Douglas.

Table 1
Launch vehicle Origin Payload in orbit Size
(kg). (m)
Delta 2914 - 3914 USA 340 + 460 22
Atlas - Centaur USA 865 29
Titan III -c¢ USA 3180 37

As an item of note, in addition to the above-mentioned launches, one can
add the European heavy launcher Ariane, with an initial projected weight
of 900 kilograms in orbit. It is still in an experimental phase and
plans call for it to be operational by 1980.5 Also included is the
Shuttle (USA) which will put the Spacelab and other items in orbit,
which is being prepared by NASA, and capable of placing in a low circu~
lar orbit a mass weighing 30 tons.

The launching phase (see Figure 5) begins with the "lift off" and lasts
about 25 minutes. Then begins the second phase. In it, the third stage
will place the satellite in a "transfer" orbit, a very elliptical one
(185 km perigee, and 36,1000 [sic] apogee) and will fasten it to rotate
around the yaw axis of 60 RPM (always facing the sun). (Stabilization
by rotation.)

Following the separation of the third stage, the OTS satellite shall be
maneuvered by radio from the European Space Operations Center (Esoc)

at Darmstadt in order to have the axis of revolution of the satellite
parallel to the optimal direction for the entry into geosynchronous
circular orbit. Only 37 hours after the launch, that is after the
fourth apogee bypass, ESOC will be able to decide whether to start the
apogee motor the thrust of which will allow the rounding-out of the
elliptical orbit.

At this point we could say that, the third phase being completed, the
solar panels unfold and the operational life of the satellite begins.
But in reality, immediately following the entry into geostationary
orbit, there is a transition phase of extreme delicacy which will per-
mit the switching from gyroscopic stabilization to a triaxial one which
calls for the reduction of speed of revolution, solar acquisition,® and

37



CHILE

BRIEFS

NEW COMMUNICATIONS POLICY--A new national telecommunication policy will be approved within
a few weeks, followed by a general telecommunications law. Telecommunications Under
Secretary (Fernando Fernandez) said that two factors led to the new law: 1) the present
law has been rendered obsolete by technological developments, and 2) the present structure
must be reorganized to fit the national economic policy, (Fernandez) said the objective
of the new policy is to provide the new telecommunications law with a philosophical
framework providing guarantees for all citizens, such as free access to the media. This
law guarantees great freedom of access to radio and television broadcasting so that

these media can reach every Chilean under the best technical conditions possible and
thereby guarantee freedom of information, ‘he law contains many regulations to prevent
the formation of either private or state monopolies. [Santiago Chile Domestic Service

in Spanish 1100 GMT 26 Sep 78 PY]

cso:. 5500

23



INDIA

BRIEFS

SATELLITE FOR FLOOD FORECASTING—-New Delhi, Sep 25 (PTI)--The Indian
satellite for earth observations, which will be in orbit this year, will
be used to conduct an experiment in flood forecasting data collection,
says a press release. The flood forecasting organisation will use the
data collection platforms at Patna, Delhi and Ahmedabad. At Patna, for
example, the Ganges level will be recorded on water level sensors which
are being built in India. The satellite will transmit it to a central
place. The forecasting organisation has planned to participate in
INSAT=I, which would provide facilities for communication, TV and
meteorological observations. This would help in collection of data
from remote areas. A programme to procure micro-computers to analyse
data and formulate forecasts is also being implemented. [Text] [Bombay
PTI in English 0938 GMT 25 Sep 78 BK]

cso: 5500



Table 3. General Characteristics of B Module

Channel indication RL LR
Band width (MHz) 5 5
Noise figure (dB) 5.0 5.0
Nominal linear gain (dB) 143.3 + 111.0 143.3 + 111.0
Entry level for saturated exit (dBW) -123.1 + 91.1 -123.1 + -91.1

Saturated exit level (at begin-

ning of activation) (dBW) 11.8 11.5
Antenna gain ‘ Eurobeam B
over Rome (dB) 28.7

First model of OTS transponder used during transmission trials at CNET
(Paris, July 1973).

FOOTNOTES

1, Mention is made that in addition to those countries which are CEPT
members and also UER members, other Mediterranean countries such as
Algeria, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Morocco, Tunisia and others should
be included in this union.

45



FRANCE

EFFECTS OF TELECOM BUDGET SHRINKAGE DISCUSSED
Paris L'USINE NOUVELLE in French 7 Sep 78 p 40

[Article by Helene Pichenot: '"Telecommunications: Plans Confirmed but
Budget Is Reduced"]

[Text] To maintain the goal of the Priority Action Plan (15 million sub-
scribers in 1980) despite the substantial reduction in the capital invest-
ments budget, economies will be effected in three domains.

As the budgets of the various administrations are being drawn up, the atten-
tion of industrialists is focused on the area of telecommunications, which,
let us recall, is favored by a Priority Action Plan. The 1979 budget
provides for a reduction in capital investments to a total of 24.5 billion
francs as compared to 25.5 billion in 1978. The telecommunications industry
also fears its orders will diminish at a time when technological changes
(from electromechanical to electronic) pose serious employment problems.

The prime minister has requested each industrial enterprise to draw up a
report on the employment situation in its establishments. Initial responses
are pessimistic. Almost half the personnel now employed will be excess in 5
years,

Viewpoint of the Industrialists

The General Directorate of Telecommunications is aware of the industry's
employment problems. However, it is optimistic regarding its investment
plans. According to Director of Telecommunications Gerard Thery, "The
budgeted funds should enable us to implement the Priority Action Plan

in normal manner. We should have 12 million subscribers by the end of 1978,
more than 13.8 million by the end of 1978, and, before the end of 1980, the
15 million subscribers called for by the PAP if our borrowing capability
permits." To get around the difficulty posed by the sharp reduction of the
capital budget, the Directorate General of Telecommunications has decided
to effect economies in three domains. The material stockpiling policy will
be fully reviewed and rationalized. The prices of equipment purchased from
industry must be further reduced. And lastly, Gerard Thery expects to

47



MONGOLIA

BRIEFS

TELEPHONE EXCHANGES--Ulaanbaatar, 8 Sep--Extensive work is underway to reequip communica.
tions organizations with modern automatic and semiautomatic equipment and to construct

new communications complexes in aymag capitals, One of the first 1,000-number automatic
telephone exchanges was put into operation this year under with this program, Next year
it is planned to construct and commission an automatic telephone exchange in Olgiy city

in western Mongolia and install in it CSSR-made equipment, ‘The expansion of communications
organizations and construction of new automatic telephone exchanges in aymag capitals will
be completed by the end of the next 5 yearplanperiod, [Ulaanbaatar MONTSAME in Russian

1913 GMT 8 Sep 78 ow]

cso: 5500

10