Approved Code No. 147 Registry No. 1724-10 

NATIONAL RECOVERY ADl\tIINISTRATION 

CODE OF FAIR COMPETITION 

FOR THE 

MOTOR VEHICLE STORAGE 

AND PARKING TRADE 

AS APPROVED ON DECEMBER 7, 1933 

BY 

PRESIDENT ROOSEVELT 

8. Code 

UNITED STATES 

GOVERNME NT P RINTING OFFICE 

WASHINGTON : 1933 

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D.C. - - - • • • • • Price 5 cents 
'l'hls publication is for sale by the Superintendent of Documents, Government 

Printing Office, Washington, D.C., and by district offices of the Bureau of Foreign 

and Domestic Commerce. 

DISTRICT OFFICES OF THE DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE 

Atlanta, Ga. : 504 Post Office Building. 

Birmingham, Ala. : 257 Federal Building. 

Boston, Mass. : 1801 Customhouse. 

Buffalo, N.Y.: Chamber of Commerce Building. 

Charleston, S.C.: Chamber of Commerce Building. 

Chicago, Ill.: Suite 1706, 201 North Wells Street. 

Cleveland, Ohio: Chamber of Commerce. 

Da lla. , Tex. : Chamber of Commerce Building. 

Detl'oit, Mich.: 2213 First National Bank Building. 

H ouston, Tex. : Chamber of Commerce Building. 

Indianapolis, Ind. : Chamber of Commerce Building. 

J acksonville, Fla. : Chamber of Commerce Building. 

Kansa s City, Mo. : 1028 Baltimore A venue. 

Los Angele. , Calif. : 1163 South Broadway. 

LouisYille, Ky. : 408 Federal Building. 

1\Iemphis, Tenn.: 229 Federal Building. 

Minneapolis, Minn.: 213 Federal Building. 

New Orleans, La.: Room 225-A, Customhouse. 

New York, N.Y.: 734 ustomhouse. 

Norfo1k, Va.: 406 East Plume Street. 

P hiladelphia. Pa.: 933 Commercial Trust Building. 

Pittsburgh, Pa.: Chamber of Commerce Building. 

P ortland, Oreg.: 215 New Post Office Building. 

St. Louis, Mo.: 506 Olive Street. 

San Francisco, Calif. : 310 Customhouse. 

Seattle, Wash.: 809 Federal Building. 
Approved Code No. 147 

CODE OF FAIR COMPETITION 

FOR THE 

MOTOR VEHICLE STORAGE AND PARKING TRADE 

AS APPROVED ON DECEMBER 7, 1933 

BY 

PRESIDENT ROOSEVELT 

Executive Order 

An application having been duly made, pursuant to and in :full 

compliance with the provisions of title I o:f the National Industrial 

Recovery Act, approved June 16, 1933, :for my approval of a Code 

of Fair Competition for the Motor Vehicle Storage and Parking 

Trade, and hearings having been held thereon and the Administrator 

having rendered his report containing an analysis of the said code 

of :fair competition together with his recommendation and findings 

with respect thereto, and the Administrator having found that the 

said code of fair competition complies in all respects with the 

pertinent provisions of title I of said a.ct, and that the requirements 

o:f clauses ( 1) and ( 2) of subsection (a) of section 3 of the said 

Act have been met: 

NOW, THEREFORE, I, Franklin D. Roosevelt, President of 

the United States, pursuant to the authority vested in me by title 

I o:f the National Industrial Recovery Act, approved June 16, 1933, 

and otherwise, do adopt and approve the report, recommendations, 

and findings of the Administrator and do order that the said code 

of fair competition be and it is hereby approved. 

FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT. 

Approval recommended: 

HUGH S. JOHNSON, 

Ad1nini8trator. 

THE WHITE HousE, 

Deoembe1· 7, 1933. 

25686°-244-147-.-83 (577) 
The PRESIDE~T, 

DECE)IBER 2nd, 1933. 

The White House. 

Srn: The proposed Code of Fair Competition for the Motor Vehicle 

Storage and Parking Trade was submitted to the Admini trator on 

September 27, 1933, by the International Garage Association, representing approximately 80% of the Trade. A hearing was conducted 

in Washington on Friday, October 27, 1933, and the Code was revi ed 

during the recess of the hearing and is submitted in it present form 

for approval. All persons who requested appearances were properly 

heard in accordance with statutory and regulatory requirements. 

The Association presenting the Code represents that its invested 

capital at the present time is in excess of two billion dollars and that 

its certified membership represents in excess of one hundred ten 

million square foot area of parking or garage space. The number of 

employees is in excess of one hundred thousand men employed by 

members presenting the Code and it is estimated that the number of 

employees presently employed or to be employed under the hours 

provided in the Code will increase approximately twenty-five percent. 

Article I .-Purposes. 

A rticle I /.-Definitions. 

Article ///.-Provides a maximum of 44 hours in any one week, 

limitation of not to exceed, in peak or emergency periods, 48 hours 

in any one week or more than 10 hours in any one day; that the 

average hours of weekly employment within a four-week period will 

not exceed 44 hours. Outside salesmen are exempt from the provision of hours and watchmen not rendering service to the public are 

exempt from hours but limited to a six-day week. In addition, the 

usual safety cla-uses for both employer and employee are included. 

Article /V.-Provides a minimum wage from $13.00 to $14.00 per 

week in the southern area and from $14.00 to $15.00 per week in 

northern areas, and further provides that the hourly rate shall not 

be le s than 50¢ per hour. Female employees engaged in similar 

kinds of work shall receive the same rate of pay. 

Article V.-No person under 16 years of age may be employed. 

Article V /.-Provides a Code Authority of 17 members with the 

right of the Administrator to appoint three additional nonvoting 

members; provide for four of the members to be elected at large and 

geoara phi cal districts are set forth in detail. 

Article Ti I /.-Contains mandatory provisions as provided in the 

National Recovery Act and includes the right of modification. 

Article V / I /.-Provision against additional capacity. 

Article I X.-Defines cost recovery. 

Article X.-Provides unfair trade practice and includes a section 

covering violence, intim.idation and coercion. 

Article X /.-Monopolies. 

(578) 
579 

The Administrator finds: 

(A) This Code contain · in all respects the pertinent phrases of 

Title I of the Act, including without limitation Sub-Section A of 

Section 7 and Sub-Section B of Section 10 thereof. 

(B) The International Garage Association is truly representative 

of the Motor Vehicle Storage and Parking Trade, and the bylaws 

of this Association contain no inequitable restriction on membership. 

(C) The Code is not designed to promote monopolies or to eliminate or oppress small enterprises and will not operate to discriminate 

against them but will tend to effectuate the policies of Title I of 

the National Recovery Act. It is recommended, therefore, that this 

Code be approved. 

Respect fully, 

HUGH S. JOHNSON, 

Ad1ninistrator. 
CODE OF FAIR COMPETITION FOR THE MOTOR VEHICLE 

STORAGE AND PARKING TRADE 

ARTICLE I-PURPOSES 

To eff ect.uate the policies of Title I of the National Industrial 

Recovery Act, the following provisions are submitted as a Code of 

Fair Competition for the Motor Vehicle Storage and Parking Trade, 

and upon approval by the President shall be the standard of fair 

competition for this trade, and shall be binding upon every member 

thereof. 

ARTICLE II-DEFINITIONS 

,vherever in this Code, or in any proceeding under or in connection with this Code, the following words or terms are used, they 

shall be deemed and taken to have the meaning ascribed to them as 

follows: 

SEOTION 1. The term " the Trade " means and includes parking, 

the rendering of :parking service, and/ or keeping for a consideration, expressed or implied, motor Yehicles placed on parking lots or 

stations or within public garage buildings or on or within any other 

place where motor vehicles are kept or parked for a consideration, 

expressed or implied, and includes supplementary services and maintenance only insofar as Sl:J,.Ch are incidental to the principal business 

of storage and parking as aforesaid. 

SEc. 2. The term " supplementary services" shall mean the washing and other cleaning, lubrication, repairing, towing and maintenance of every description of motor vehicles, the driving of customers' cars, and the ~ale of automotive acces ·ories, such as are 

customarily performed in a garage, parking lot or parking station~ 

SEc. 3. The term "employee" includes any person engaged in any 

phase of the trade in any capacity in the nature of employee irrespective of the method of parment of his compensation. 

SEC. 4. The term "employer ' includes anyone for whose benefit 

such an employee is so engaged. 

SEc. 5. The term "member of the Trade" means, but without limitation, any person, partnership, association, corporation or other 

legal entity engaged in the Trade. 

SEc. 6. The term "member of the Code" includes any member of 

the trade who shall signify assent to this Code. 

SEc. 7. The term "district" shall mean any territorial sub-division 

set up under the Code Authority subject to the approval of the Administrator. 

SEc. 8. The term "Act " means Title I of the National Industrial 

Recovery Act. 

SEc. 9. The term "President" means the President of the United 

States of America. 

(580) 
581 

SEO. 10. The term "Administrator " means the Administrator for 

Industrial Recovery. 

SEc. 11. "Effective date" means the first :Monday after this Code 

shall have been approved by the President. 

SEo. 12. Population £or the purpo~es 0£ this Code shall be determined by reference to the 1930 Federal Census. SEc. 13. The " Northern Area ' shall con ist of the following 

states: Arizona, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Idaho, 

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, l\faine, :Maryland, Massachusetts, 

l\1ichigan, Minnesota, :Montana, N ebra8ka, Nevada, New Hampshire, 

New Jersey, New l\1e:xico, New York, North Dakota, Ohio, Oregon, 

Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Dakota, Utah, Vermont, \Vashington, Wisconsin, vVyoming, and the District of Columbia. 

SEc. 14. The "Southern Area" shall consist of the following 

states: Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, 

l\1:ississippi, Missouri, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, 

Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and '\Vest Virginia. 

ARTICLE III-HOURS 

SECTION 1. No office employee ( other than employees in a managerial, executive, or supervisory capacity who receive not less than 

$35 per week in the Northern Area 0£ the United States, and not less 

than $25 per week in the Southern Area of the United States) shall 

work or be permitted to work in excess of 44 hours in any one week, 

or in excess of 9 hours in any one day; provided, however, that in 

emergencies or peak periods, such employees may work not more 

than 48 hours in any one week, or not more than 10 hours in any one 

day, but the average hours of weekly employment during a fourweek period shall not exceed 44. 

SEc. 2. Outside salesmen shall be exempt .from any provision of 

maximum hours of employment. '\Vatchmen, not rendering any 

service whatsoever to the public, are exempt from the maximum 

hours provided, but shall not work more than six days in any one 

week. 

SEc. 3. Cashier.s ( those employees spending at least two thirds of 

their time performing cashier s duties) may be employed for not 

more than 48 hours in any one week. 

SEc. 4. Employees engaged for one third or more of their hours 

of labor at filling station work shall not be employed £or more than 

48 hours in any one week. 

SEC. 5. Mechanical workers (those engao-ed in mechanical work 

for one third or more of their working hours) shall not work or be 

permitted to work more than 44 hours in any one week. 

SEc. 6. No .other employees shall work or be permitted to work 

more than 54 hours in any one week. 

SEc. 7. The maximum workday for emplo3- ees other than those 

defined in Section 1, Article III, shall not exceed ten ho1irs. 

SEc. 8. r o employee shall work or be permitted to \\'Ork £or a 

total number of hours in excess of the number of hours prescribed 

for each week and day, whether employed by one or more employers. 

SEc. 9. The maximum hours herein above described refer to the 

availability of the employee in the establishment or on the premises 
582 

o.f the employer at the latter's request, whether or not the employee 

is actively engaged in specific tasks throughout the,se hours. 

SEC. 10. Every employer and every partner in any partnership 

engaged in the Trade hall be subject to the provisions as to hours 

of labor prescribed for employees in this Code insofar as they perform the functions of such employees. 

ARTICLE IV-WAGES 

SECTION 1. The minimum rates of pay per week in the Trade 

except :for mechanical workers or artisans, shall be as follows: 

Population of city or town, including trade area thereof 

Over 500,000 __ ______ ____________________________________________________________ _ 

Between 250,000 and 500,000 ___ _______ -------------------------- _________________ _ Less than 250,000 ____________________________________________________ ___________ _ _ 

! Northern area 

Per week 

$15. 00 

14.50 

14.00 

Southern area 

Per week 

$14.00 

13.50 

13.00 

SEc. 2. No mechanical worker or artisan employed in this Trade 

shall be paid less than at the rate of 50¢ per hour of actual work 

on some specific task unless the hourly rate for the same class of 

work on July 15, 1929, was less than 50¢ per hour, in which latter case 

such mechanical worker or artisan shall be paid not less than the 

hourly rate of July 15, 1929, and in no event less than at the rate of 

40¢ per hour. Provided, however, that no such mechanical worker 

or artisan who is available for normal full time to his employer in 

the establishment or on the premises of the employer, at the latter's 

request, shall be paid at less than the rates set forth in Section 1 of 

this Article IV for the respective areas therein described, without 

regard to actual work by such mechanical worker or artisan upon 

any specific t asks. SEc. 3. No employee whose normal full-time weekly hours for the 

four weeks ending J uly 1, 1933, are reduced by less than 20 percent 

shall have his or her full-time weekly earnings reduced. No employee whose full-time weekly hours are reduced by 20 percent 

or more shall have his or her said earnings reduced by more than 

10 percent. 

SEc. 4. Female employees performing substantially the same work 

as male employees shall receive the same rate of pay as male 

employees. 

SEc. 5. A person whose earning capacity is limited because of age 

or physical or mental handicap may be employed on light work at a 

wage below the minimum established by this Code if the employer 

obtains from the State Authority designated by the United States 

Department of Labor a certificate authorizing his employment at 

such wages and for such hours as shall be stated in the certificate. 

Each employer shall file with the Code Authority a list of all such 

persons em ployed by him. 

SEc. 6. In determining his classification under this Code, each 

employee shall be entitled to claim the benefit of the classification 

of occupations existing on June 16, 1933. 

25686-33-2 
583 

SEC. 7. This article establishes a m1n1mum rate of pay which 

shall apply, irrespective of whether an employee is actually compensated on a time rate, piecework, or other basis. 

ARTICLE V 

.r o person under 16 years of age shall be employed in the Trade. 

ARTICLE VI-ADMINISTRATION 

To further effectuate the policies of the Act, a Code Authority i3 

hereby et up to cooperate with the Administration in the administration of this Code as a plannin<Y and fair practice agency for 

the Trade. Said Code Authority shall have the powers and duties 

prescribed in this Code, the exercise of which shall be subject to the 

right of the administrator, upon review, to disapprove or modify any 

action taken by the Code Authority. 

DIVISION A- ORGANIZATION AND CONSTITUTION OF THE CODE AUTHORITY 

SECTION 1. The Code Authority shall consist of 17 111,embers representative o:f the Trade. Not more than three additional nonvoting 

members may at any time be appointed by the Administrator. 

SEo. 2. The members of the Code Authority shall be elected by 

vote of the members of the Code. One member shall be elected from 

each of the 13 geographical regions, as defined in Section 10; four 

members shall be elected at large. 

SEo. 3. To serve from the effective date until the election of the 

Permanent Code Authority, a temporary Code Authority of 7 members shall be appointed by the President.. 

SEc. 4. In a fair manner prescribed by the Code Authority, with 

the approval of the Administrator, and not later than February 10th 

of each year, the members of the Code in each state may nominate 

by ballot a candidate for the Code Authority from their election 

region. Said nominating ballots shall be returned to a distinterested 

and impartial agency appointed by the Code Authority, and approved by the Administrator. 

SEo. 5. Candidates for election at large may be placed in nomination by the filing with the said impartial agency before noon 0£ 

February 10th of petitions signed by not less than 200 members of 

the Code, either individually or in groups. No member of the Code 

shall endorse by petition more than one such candidate. The said 

distinterested agency shall certify the eligibility of the signers of 

the petition and hall for this purpose have access to the pertinent 

record of the Code Authority. 

SEC. 6. After February 10th the said disinterested agency shall 

publi h without delay and in form and manner directed by the Code 

Authority and subject to review by the Administrator the list of 

candidates nnminated by the stat.es and nominated by petition. 

SEc. 7. Immediately upon the publication of the names of said 

candidates, said disinterested and impartial agency shall prepare 

and mail to each member of the Code of record as of noon of February 10th of the same year, two letter ballots and a .self-addres ed 

postcard, together with notice that such ballots to be counted must 
584 

be in th~ hands of said disintere ted and impartial agency not later 

than fl.ye weeks from the date of publication of the names of said 

can lidate , which return date hall be specified. One letter ballot 

shall list the candidates reported by the state or tates in said 

member' reo·ion; the other c::hall list the candidates at large. There 

shall be indicated by said disinterested and impartial agency on the 

letter ballot Ii ting the regional candidates the number of votes to 

which aid member i entitled, aid number of votes to be determined 

by the Code Authority in proportion to the assessments levied upon 

an l paid by said member of the Code during the preYiou t"elve 

months or any part thereof, pursuant to Section 2 of Division C of 

this Article VI; provided, that each 1nember of the Code shall ha Ye 

not less than one vote. Each member of the Code, irre pective of 

floor space or land area, shall be entitled to cast one vote for four of 

the nominated candidates at large. 

SEc. 8. These ballots shall be properly marked and returned to the 

aforesaid disinterested and impartial agency. With said ballots, 

each member of the Code f;lhall return the postcard with a simple 

signed statement to the effect that said member of the Code has 

voted on the ballot for regional candidates, or on the ballot for 

candidates at large, or both, as the case may be. Immediately upon 

receipt of such ballots and postcard, the disintere ted and impartial 

agency shall record the fact that such member has voted, but not 

how he has voted, and destroy said postcard. All ballots in the 

hand of said agency at noon of the specified return date shall be 

counted and the results reported by said agency directly to the 

Administrator. 

SEc. 9. The candidate approved by the Administrator, receiving 

the highest number of votes from his region, shall forthwith be declared elected to membership on the Code Authority and shall serve 

for a period of one year or until his successor shall have been elected. 

The four candidates at large approved by the Administrator, receiving the highest total number of votes of all the members of the Code 

shall likewise be declared elected and shall serve concurrently with 

candidates elected by the regions. 

SEc. 10. If any date set forth in this Article VI falls upon a Sunday or upon a legal holiday, then the next following business day 

shall be substituted therefor. 

SEc. 11. The geographical regions for the purpose o:f election of 

the Code Authority shall be constituted as follows: 

Election region # 1: Election region #4: 

Washington N. Dakota 

Oregon S. Dakota 

Idaho Nebraska 

Montana J\1inne ota 

Election region #2: Iowa 

California Election region # 5: 

Nevada Kansas 

Election region #3: :Missouri 

Wyoming Oklahoma 

Utah Texas 

Colorado Election region #G: 

Arizona Arkansas 

New Mexico Louisiana 
Election region #6-Continued 

Tennessee 

:Mississippi 

Alabama 

Election region #7: 

N. Carolina 

S. Carolina 

Georgia 

Florida 

Election region #8: 

vVisconsin 

Illinois 

Election region #9: 

Michigan 

Indiana 

I{entucky 

Election region # 10: 

Ohio 

585 

Election region #10-Continued 

vV est Virginia 

Election region # 11 : 

Pennsylvania 

Maryland 

Delaware 

District of Columbia 

Virginia 

Election region # 12 : 

New York 

New Jersey 

Election region # 13 : 

Maine 

New Hampshire 

Vermont 

Massachusetts 

Rhode Island 

Connecticut 

SEc. 12. In the selection of nominees for the Code Authority the 

District of Columbia and Maryland shall be considered as one state. 

SEc. 13. In order that the Code Authority shall at all times be 

truly representative of the Trade and in other respects comply with 

the provisions of the Act, the Administrator may prescribe such 

hearings as he may deem proper; and thereafter if he shall find that 

the Code Authority is not truly representative or does not in other 

respects comply with the provisions of the Act, may require an 

appropriate modification in the method of selection of the Code 

Authority. 

DIVISION B.-DUTIES AND POWERS OF THE CODE AUTHORITY 

SECTION 1. For the purpose of supplying the President and the Administrator with requisite data as to the observance and effectiveness of the Code, in order that the President may be kept informed 

with respect to observance of the Code, each member of the Trade 

shall submit through the Code Authority, reports concerning such 

relevant matters, and in such form, and at such times as the Code 

Authority may prescribe. No publication thereof to anyone or in 

any manner shall be made other than in combination with similar 

information furnished by other members of the Code, in which case 

the publication shall be made only in such manner as will avoid the 

disclo ing separately of such confidential information. 

SEC. 2. In addition to information required to be submitted to the 

Code Authority, there shall be furnished to government agencies 

such statistical information as the Administrator mav deem necessary for the purposes recited in Section 3 (a) of the Act. 

SEc. 3. In the event that the Code Authority should have reason 

to believe that the reports submitted by any member of the Trade 

are inaccurate, such report shall be subject to verification by an 

examination of pertinent books and accounts and records of such 

member by a disinterested and impartial agency designated by the 

Code Authority. 
586 

SEc. 4. The Code \..uthority shall study the trade-practice provisions set forth in Article X and the operation thereof and shall 

make any recommendations from time to time to the Administrator 

which it deem desirable for modification or addition thereto, which 

upon tli.e approval of the President, after such hearing as may 

be prescribed, ·hall become a part of this Code and have :full force 

and effect on provisions hereof. 

SEc. 5. The Code Authority shall establish regional divisions and 

subdi,Tisions and shall delegate to proper Trade s ·ociations or other 

local agencies in such di visions or subdivisions as it deem proper 

the duties of the carrying out of any of its activities provided for 

herein, provided that nothing herein shall relieve the Code Authority 

of its luties or responsibilities under this Code, and that such trade 

associations and agencies shall at all times be ubject to, and comply 

with, the provisions hereof. 

SEc. 6. It shall be the function of the Code Authority to act as 

the general planning and coordinating body for the Motor Vehicle 

Storage and Parking Trade. To the end of effecting a balanced 

national economy, the Code Authority may cooperate with the International Garage As ociation in the collection, compilation, and 

publication of pertinent data. 

SEc. 7. The Code Authority shall adopt bylaws and rules and regulations for its procedure and for the administration and enforcement 

of this Code. 

SEc. 8. The Code Authority shall make recommendation to the Administrator for the coordination of the administration of this Code 

with such other codes, if any, as may be related to the Trade. 

SEc. 9. The Code Authority shall cooperate with the Administrator in regulating the u e of any N.R.A. insignia solely by those members of the Trade who have assented to, and are complying with this 

Code. 

DIVISION C-GENERAL 

SECTION 1. Any member of the Trade is eligible to membership in 

the International Garage As ·ociation and/ or in any participating 

trade association representing his local trade area and there shall be 

no inequitable re triction on such membership. Each participating 

as ociation shall submit to the Code Authority, for transmi sion to the 

Administrator, true copies of its articles of association, bylaws, regulations, and any amendments when made thereto, with such other 

information as to membership, organization, and activities as the 

Administrator may deem necessary to effectuate the purposes of the 

Act. 

SEc. 2. ~1embers of the Trade shall be entitled to participate in and 

share the benefit of the activities of the Code Authority and to participate in the election of the members thereof by a senting to this 

Coe.le either individually or in conjunction with other members of a 

trade as ociation, and by complying with the requirements 0£ this 

Code and sustaining their rea onable share of the expenses of its 

administration. Such r easonable share of the expenses of admini -

tration may_ b_e determined by t~e Code Authority subj ect to review 

by the Adm1n1strator on the ba 1s of gross area of floor pace and/ or 

land area ~;vailable for and utilized for the parking of motor 

he 1 ve 1c_es. 
587 

SEc. 3. Said declaration of assent hall be delivered or mailed to 

the Code Authority, shall be in writing, and shall certify as to the 

full name, legal address, location of each establishment operated by, 

and bear the signature of each member making or joining in said 

assent. 

SEc. 4. Nothing contained in this Code shall constitute the members of the Code Authority partners for any purpose. Nor shall 

this Code be construed to render any member of the Code Authority 

liable in a.ny manner to anyone for any act of any other member, 

officer, agent, or employee of the Code Authority. Nor shall this 

Code be construed to render any member of the Code Authority, 

exercising reasonable diligence in the conduct of his duties hereunder, liable to anyone for any action or omission to act under this 

Code, except for his own willful misfeasance or nonfeasance. 

ARTICLE VII- GENERAL 

SECTION 1. Employees shall have the right to organize and bargain collectively through representatives of their own choosing, and 

shall be free from the interference, restraint, or coercion of employers of labor, or their agents, in the designation of such representatives or in self-organization or in other concerted activities for the 

purpose of collective bargaining or other mutual aid or protection. 

SEc. 2. No employee and no one seeking employment shall be 

required as a condition of employment to join any company union 

or to refrain from joining, organizing, or assisting a labor organization of his own choosing; and 

SEc. 3. Employers shall comply with the maximum hours of 

labor, minimum rates of pay, and other conditions of employment 

approved or prescribed by the President. 

SEc. 4. All employers shall post copies of Article III and Article 

IV of this Code in conspicuous places accessible to employees. 

SEc. 5. This Code and all the provisions thereof are expressly 

made subject to the right of the President, in accordance with the 

provision of Subsection (b) of Section 10 of the Act, from time to 

time to cancel or modify any order, approval, license, rule, or 

regulation issued under Title I of said Act and specifically, but 

without limitation, to the right of the President to cancel or modify 

his approve! of this Code or any conditions imposed by him upon 

his approval thereof. 

SEc. 6. Such of the provisions of this Code as are not required to 

be included therein by the Act may, with· the approval of the 

President, be modified or eliminated as changes in circumstances or 

experience may indicate. It is contemplated that from time to time 

supplementary provisions of this Code, or additional Codes, will be 

submitted for approval of the President to prevent unfair competition and other unfair destructive competitive practices and to 

effectuate the other purposes and policies of Title I of the Act. 

SEc. 7. ,vithin each State, the provisions of this Code shall not 

supersede any laws of such State imposing more stringent requirements, reQUlating the age of employees, wages, hours of work, or 

health, fire, or general working conditions, than under this Code. 
588 

ARTICLE VIII-NE\V CAPACITY 

Any group of members of the Trade may aoTee that they shall 

not participu e in ihe ljl'OYiding of additional storage or parking 

facilitie £01· pnhlic use through the construction of new buildings, 

the conversio11 uf buildings not now used as public storage or parking 

garages, or the opening up of yacant land of any description to be 

used as parking lots and/or tation , except where needed. The 

term of any ...: uch agreement shall be subject to the approval of 

the Admi11istrt1.tor. Each such agreement shall provide, anrnng other 

thing , that any dispute between the parties to such agreement as 

to whether expansion is justified by need for new facilities shall be 

submitted to the Administrator, whose determination shall be final. 

It is, of course, understood that any such agreement shall be binding only on the parties thereto. 

ARTICLE IX- CosT RECOVERY 

SECTION 1. ~fembers of the Code under the direction of, and subject to the approval of the Code Authority, may by vote of said 

members elect District Committees. Each District Committee shall 

operate with reference to a district, the boundaries of which shall 

be determined on the basis of competitive areas. The determination 

of a district and the method of voting shall be subject to the approval 

of the Administrator. 

SEc. 2. The Co le Authority shall establish a uniform system of 

accounting, with the approval of the Administrator. Upon approval by the Administrator each member of the Trade shall adopt 

such uniform system of accounting for the purpose of determining 

his own individual cost ·; provided that there may be such variations 

therefrom and exceptions thereto as may be required by the individual conditions affecting each member of the Trade and as may be 

approved by the Code Authority. Each member of the Trade within 

each district determined as aforesaid, shall report his own individual 

costs determined on the basis of such system of accounting, to a 

disinterested and impartial agency designated by the Code Authority. Su ·h agency shall keep secret such information so submitted. 

SEc. 3. This agency shall from such reports ascertain the costs of 

that representative member of the Trade in such district whose cost 

is lowest and shall publish such costs to the members in such district. 

No member of the Trade shall sell his services below the costs so determined for his district. 

SEc. 4. vVithin each such district there shall be a reasonable peri- odic revision of costs by the designated impartial authority herein 

before provided. The Code Authority shall prescribe with the approval of the Admini trator the period during whjch such published 

co. ts shall remain in force. 

ARTICLE X-TRADE PRACTICE RULES 

The following described acts shall constitute unfair methods of 

competition and shall constitute violations of this Code: 

Rule 1-lnacC1.J,1'ate Advertising.-Publishing advertising (whether 

printed, radio, display, or of any other nature) which is misleading 
589 

or inaccurate in any material particular, or misrepresenting any 

goods ( including but without limitation its use, trade mark, grade, 

quality, quantity, origin, size, substance, character, nature, finish, 

material, content or preparation) or credit terms, values, policies, 

services, or the nature or form of the business conducted. 

Ru;le 2-lnaccurate R ef erences to C01npetito1·s, E tc.-Publishing 

advertising which refers inaccurately in any material particular to 

any col!lpetitors or their goods, prices, values, credit terms, policies, 

or services. 

Rule 3-False Billing.-Knowingly withholding :from or inserting in any quotation or invoice any statement that makes it inaccurate in any material particular. 

Rule 4-Espionage of Competitors.-Securing confidential information concerning the business of a competitor by a false or misleading statement or representation, by a false impersonation of one 

in authority, by bribery, or by any other unfair method. 

Rule 5-lnterference with Contracts of Customers or ProspectivB 

Customers.-Attempting to induce the breach of an existing contract 

between a competitor and his employee or customer or source of 

supply; or interference with or obstruction of the performance of 

such contractual duties or services. 

Rule 6-Cancelation of Contracts.-Canceling in whole or in part 

or permitting the cancelation in whole or in part, of any contract of 

sale of any service including storage or parking, except for a fair 

consideration. 

Rule 7-Payment of R ebates.-Paying or allowing to any purchaser in connection with the sale of any service including storage 

and parking, any rebate, commission, credit, discount, adjustment, or 

similar concession other than as is specified by him in his own established and/or published and/or posted prices or in any contract of 

sale, provided that the existence and terms of such contracts shall be 

disclosed to the Code Authority. 

Rule 8-Ci1·culating False / nformation.-Disseminating, publishing, or circulating any false or misleading information whatsoever 

concerning any member of the Trade. 

Rule 9-/ncomplete Description.-Making any sale or contract of 

sale of any service or automotive product under any description 

which does not fully and fairly describe such service or product. 

Rule JO-Rendering Service B elow Cost.-Rendering to any purchaser in connection with the sale of any service or product any 

other service or product, either voluntarily or by agreement of the 

parties, unless fair compensation for each service or product hall 

be paid by such purchaser. 

Rule 11-Secwring Cornpetitors' Enip7oyees.-Inducing or attempting to induce employees to leave the service. of a competitor 

for the purpose of securing the trade or customers of such com- petitor. 

Rule 12-Failwre to Publish Prices.-The failure to publish in 

form available for inspection on the premises by any member of the 

Trade the schedule of prices charged by the member to the public for 

each service or combination of services performed, or rendered, at 

each place of business operated by such member. 
1111111111~1~i~1i1l1f11'1i ~11i1f 11ll1t1~~ ii1i1111111111 

3 1262 08584 7688 

590 

Rule 13-Rendering Free S ervice.-The offering or giving of any 

free service or free o-oods in connection with the sale of services rendered. But nothing herein shall prevent the giving to customers of 

article having merely an advertising value. 

Rule 14-Failwre to S ecu1·e License.-Engaging in the Trade without having complied with all city, county, state, or national laws 

with reference to permits, business licenses, and/or privilege licenses. 

Rule JS-Failure to Pay lVages.-Failure to pay all wages in 

cash or by check without deductions, except in the case of bonafide 

claims by the employer either for money advanced or damage done 

by the employee and for which such employee is legally liable. 

Rule 16-Selling B elow Posted Prices.-Selling below one's own 

established and/ or published and/ or posted prices. 

Rule 17-0ther Unfair Practices.-Nothing in this Code shall 

limit the effect of any adjudication by the Courts or holding by the 

Federal Trade Commission on complaint, finding, and order, that 

any practice or method is unfair, providing that such adjudication 

or holding is not inconsistent with any provision of the Act or of 

this Code. 

Rule .18-V iolence, Intimidation, or Unlawful O oercion.- (a) 

Any use of violence to person or property, intimidation, or unlawful 

coercion by a member of the Trade against a member of the Trade. 

(b) Any threat by a member of the Trade to use such violence 

intimidation, or unlawful coercion. 

( c) Any conspiracy among members of the Trade, or among members of the Trade and others, to use or to threaten to use such violence, 

intimidation, or unlawful coercion. 

( d) Any combining or cooperating by a member of the Trade 

with anyone who is using or threatening to use such violence, intimidation, or coercion. 

Rule 19-Viola.tion of Oode Provisions.-The violation of any 

other provisions of this Code. 

ARTICLE XI-MONOPOLIES, ETC. 

No provision of this Code shall be so applied as to permit monopolies or monopolistic practices, or to eliminate, oppress, or discriminate against small enterprises. 

Approved Code No. 147. 

Registry No. 1724-10. 

0