Korean decreased from 49 hours to 35 hours per week, including: to Europe,
the Near and Middle East and Africa from 7 hours to 5 hours 50 minutes; to
the Near and Middle East and Africa from 7 hours to 5 hours 50 minutes;

to Southeast Asia from 14 hours to 5 hours 50 minutes; to Latin America
from 14 hours to 5 hours 50 minutes; to Europe from 7 hours to 5 hours

50 minutes; to Southeast Asia and Latin America (new combined beam at

5 hours 50 minutes).

Mandarin to China increased from 28 hours to 42 hours per week.
Russian decreased from 28 hours to 25 hours 40 minutes per week, including:
to the Far East and separately to Europe from 14 hours to 12 hours 50

minutes for each beam.

Spanish to Latin America increased from 14 hours to 42 hours per week.

cso: 5500

12



URUGUAY

EARTH COMMUNICATIONS SATELLITE STATION TO BE BUILT NEAR MINAS
Montevideo EL DIA in Spanish 15 Aug 77 p 4

Ltext7 The National Telecommunications Administration ANTEL]Z will soon ask
for bids for the installation of an earth satellite communication station.

Technicians of the body are now preparing the necessary list of specifica-
tions,

The station will be built near Minas and will make possible direct links
between our country and subscribers of America and Europe, and through
them with the rest of the world, It will be inaugurated in 1979,

In the first phase it will have 72 telephone circuits beamed to 10
different countries. After three years of operation by the station, 48
circuits will be added. As of that time direct links will be made with
14 countries.

The estimated: cost of the land station is close to $7 million, including
the cost of equipment to be imported and the installation and civil engi-
neering work to be performed,

Operational Costs

Operational costs of the earth station during the first year of operation
will be approximately $823,900,

In the second year the costs will be $849,200; $873,400 in the third,
$911,900 in the fourth, $935,700 in the fifth, $1,002,400 in the sixth,
$1,035,100 in the seventh, $1,085,200 in the eighth, $1,132,800 in the
ninth, and $1,189,700 in the tenth,

Estimates made by experts on the subject establish that the station will
have a high profitability which will result in profits of 1,719,400 new
pesos the first year, a figure which will increase constantly.

At the end of the 10th year of operation of the earth station, the profit
will rise to 12,828,800 new pesos.

33
8908
cso: 5500



BOLIVIA

BRIEFS

BOLIVIAN TEIEVISION REORGANIZED--(Alfredo Arce Carpio), former interior minister and
president of Bolivian Television, reported on Friday that the Bolivian Television will
be reorganized. Various officials will be replaced and there will be one director as
opposed to the three previous directors, Television coverage will be extended to Sucre
and Potosi, An Argentine enterprise has been contracted for this extension, [ta Paz
Radio Cruz del Sur Network in Spanish 0230 GMT 20 Aug 77 py]

CSO: 5500

29



"The growing volume of traffic flow requires that an ever
larger number of telephone circuits be put into operation.
Thus, in order to deal with the international traffic flow,"
he said, "our country must have close to 400 circuits by

1980."

11550
‘CSO: 5500

38



DIGITAL UNVEILS NEW PRINTER

Canberra THE AUSTRALIAN in English 22 Aug 77 p 13

[Text]

DEVELOPMENT of
a low-cost  inter-
active printer that
operates at 1200
baud was recently
announced by Digi-
tal Equipment Aus-
tralia.

The new keyboard ter-
minal, called the LS120
DECwriter Il, can be
used for interactive
communication and as a
unit in a data — or
message — communi-
cation network. Engin-
eered for high reliability
and ruggedness, the
DECwriter IIT can be
used in any hard copy
KSR terminal applica-
tion requiring reception
at 1200 baud, says DEA.

The new terminal in-

cso: 5500

corporates many sub-
assemblies of other Digi-
tal terminals plus a
microprocessor-based
controller board.

Standard features of
the DECwriter UI in-
clude a 180 CPS print,
rate, a 1024 character
buffer to maximise
throughput, EIA inter-
face, an automatic
“paper out" switch, last-
character visibility and
a self-test capability.

The new terminal is
compatible with full du-
plex and half-duplex
Protocols. Optional feat-
ures include a forms
handling package, @
communications package,
an APL alternate char-
acter set and a com-
pressed font.

AUSTRALIA



TANZANIA

BRIEFS

DIRECTOR OF NEWS AGENCY--Dar es Salaam--President Nyerere has appointed Ndugu Haji
Konde to be the new director of the TANZANIA NEWS AGENCY, SHIHATA, with immediate
effect. Ndugu Konde takes over the post which was left vacant by Ndugu Benjamin
Mkapa, who is now the minister for foreign affairs. Until his new appointment,

Ndugu Konde was deputy editor of the DAILY NEWS andSUNDAY NEWS. [Text] [Dar es Salaam
Radio in English to East Africa 1600 GMf19 Aug 77 LD/EA] -

va

CSO: 5500

48



MAURITIUS

BRIEFS °

FRENCH TELECOMMUNICATIONS GIFTS--The Radioelectric and Telephone Tele-
communications company of France [TRT] has just completed the installa- .
tion of a microwave linking Radio House in Curepipe with the transmitter

station in Malherbes. The equipment valued at 500,000 rupees will

provide television, radio, and telephonic communications. The link

is expected to become operational by the end of this week. In addition

to this gift which falls within the framework of a French-Mauritian

technical agreement, France will deliver, in September, 30 tons of

equipment, valued at 1 million rupees, for improving Mauritian color

television. [Port Louis L'EXPRESS in French 23 Aug 77 p 1]

cso: 4400

46



This Nordsat-satellite, which will remain somewhere above the equator in
relationship to the earth, will in principle make it possible that every
television viewer will be able to watch programs from any other Nordic
country by means of his own receiver.

The prerequisite is that each receiver be equipped with a special adapter
and a special antenna, the shape of a board, which is joined as a combined
antenna or is attached to the receiver as an antenna making up part of
the receiver.

The satellite can be used in many different ways:

1. the simultaneous transmission of programs broadcast in various coun-
tries

2, the simultaneous or delayed transmission of a Nordsat-program expressly
selected by each country

3. the transmission of a particular Nordsat-program jointly selected and
compiled by the Nordic countries

4. to be used only for the purpose of augmenting the link-up network of
each country.

The technical questions have been resolved, the remaining questions to be
resolved are problems of funding, manufacturing rights and other contrac-
tual problems, and cultural questions.

The fourth alternative has not been given serious thought, instead the
discussion elsewhere has been primarily concentrated on the first alter-
native. Therefore, in the following it is considered as a premise.

Pro

In the 19th article of the general declaration of the United Nations on
human rights it states:

“Every individual has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; this
entails the right to hold an opinion without?disturbance and the right to
seek, receive, and circulate information by any means irrespective of
orders."

The Nordsat-program fulfills these principles. It offers the opportunity
to freely view the broadcasts of other Nordic countries thus opening up
the field of vision of the viewer and providing opportunities to become
acquainted with the culture and society of our neighboring countries.

In accordance with the international principles of the freedom of expres-

sion it thereby also becomes possible to compare the programs of other
countries and to select that which interests the viewer. In addition it

52



My Own Understanding

I am convinced that Nordsat will come into being. How it will be ultimately
used is still unclear. There are still many questions to be resolved,

among other things, the attitude to be adopted toward television adver-
tising allowed in Finland and Iceland. The most decisive question is how
the satellite will affect national programming. I would consider that
there are two alternatives. The first has been already mentioned (in

point 2), the transmission of the selection made by each country probably
as a delayed broadcast since in this way satellite time can be exploited

in the most efficient manner and the programming can be announced in the
press of the other countries in advance.

Also this would make it easier to deal with the problem of subtitles.

The other alternative is that each country would broadcast only the pro-
grams produced in its own country including the news and Programs of
current interest. Programs produced in foreign countries, would simply be
transmitted on those channels which cover all of the Nordic area.

In this way we would not become innundated with commercially prepared
entertainment devoid of an independent culture and we would be able to
guarantee a viewing opportunity for those who desire to see these foreign
Programs on domestic channels. The entertainment programs from other
Nordic countries would be available for viewing by everyone anyway.

In 1974 a study was done, for example, in those areas of Finland and Norway
where Swedish television programs are primarily viewed (the study was ex-
plained in the article "TV Across Borders").

Norway:

1. entertainment programs, series, and theater

2. all night movies

3. all night foreign movies

4. foreign entertainment programs

5. sports

6. Swedish news

7. documentaries

8. foreign documentaries .

Turku Archipelago:

1. entertainment programs
2. news

3. all night movies

4. sports

5. documentaries

}
56


The investments necessary to finance this first section total U.S.$18.5
million, of which 8 percent is in local currency,

Second section--scheduled to be put into operation in 1985.

--Installation of 960 channel microwave circuits on the Aleg-Tidjikdja and
Sangarafa-Kiffa paths,

--Installation of the local exchanges of Kiffa, Tidjikdja, as well as
Tamchaket and Timbedra, including the development by the OPT of a part of
the extension of service in eastern Mauritania.

--Reuse of the released BLI equipment,

--Setting up a routine switching plan for interurban circuits (CTR of Kaedi
and Kiffa).

--Automation of the local exchanges of Timbedra and Moudjeria (by reusing
the equipment from Kaedi and Kiffa).

--Installation of the local manual exchanges of Tamchaket, Oualata, Tichit,
and Makta Lahjar (installation of simplified connections,

--Urban systems in Makta Lahjar, Tamchaket, Timbedra, Oualata, Moudjeria,
Tichit.

The investments necessary to implement this second section amount to $8.8
million,

Third section--scheduled to go into operation in 1990,

--Large-capacity microwave circuits will operate among Rosso-Boghe and
Kiffa-Aioun-Nema,

~-The establishment of neighborly links with Mali: Kiffa and Selibaby,
--Kayes, 'Ayoun El 'Atrous, Nema-Nioro, Nema-Nara.

--Completion of the overhead line in eastern Mauritania, This last section
is valued at U.S.$11.5 million, The research for this project was carried
out by SOFRECOM [expansion unknown] and financed by ADB which is interested
in financing the project,

Project related to telecommunications in the northern area and to the develop-
ment of international links,

In this area, the office has opted for the earth satellites [1a solution
spatiale], The reasons for this choice were explained above and an inter-
national invitation for bids has been launched, the responses to which are
to be received 20 April 1977,

The installation and supplying of the following are scheduled:

--a standard Intelsat ground station at Nouakchott, for international traf-
fic from Mauritania to France, the United States, Morocco, and the Middle
East, with a video capacity,

--a four-circuit international transit center, also located in Nouakchott
connected by modulated frequency links to the Nouakchott stations,

--five medium power ground stations to send national traffic among Nouakchott,
Nouadhibou, Dakhla, Atar, and Zouerate, The Nouakchott station is expected

to be able to transmit television programming for reception at distant
stations,

44



VIETNAM

BRIEFS

WIRED-RADIO STATIONS--Since early this year, many localities have installed
nearly 70 additional wired-radio stations in major agricultural production
areas, Thai Binh has built 15 new wired-radio stations at its 15 main
rice growing villages with 4,100 loudspeakers for families. Thanh Hoa has
installed an additional 18 wired-radio stations in 18 villages with 9,800
loudspeakers. In Ha Son Binh, in addition to building more wired-radio
stations with 1,100 loudspeakers in two villages, the province has conducted
a survey and drafted a plan to build a receiving and broadcasting station
in (Van Mai) town and drafted a plan for installing three large and medium-
sized wired-radio stations at the Da river hydroelectric project and in
other units, In the Mekong River Delta region, Dong Thap province has com-
pleted building a wired-radio station for the Dong Thap state farm. Long
An province has built 8 additional wired-radio stations for villages during
the first 6 months of the year, An Giang province is building 10 more
wired-radio stations in its 10 main economic villages, [Text] [Hanoi
Domestic Service in Vietnamese 1300 GMT 28 Aug 77 BK]

HA NAM NINH GRAIN OBLIGATION--As of 10 August, agricultural cooperatives

in Ha Nam Ninh province had delivered to the state granary more than 42,200
tons of paddy, nearly 52 percent of the grain obligation for the 5th-month
spring crop. The province has launched a campaign to grow vegetables and
subsidiary crops and urge cadres, workers and cooperative members to save
grain to help localities solve their grain problems. [Hanoi Domestic
Service in Vietnamese 0900 GMT 18 Aug 77 BK]

BEN TRE SUBSIDIARY CROPS--Ben Tre province expects to grow 1,270 hectares
of subsidiary crops in this rainy season, In addition, the province will
grow tens of thousands of short-term industrial plants such as coconuts,
bananas and sugarcane. [Ho Chi Minh City Domestic Service in Vietnamese
0500 GMT 21 Aug 77 BK]

TAY NINH MANIOC CROP--Tay Ninh province is striving to grow 15,200 hectares
of manioc, doubling the manioc area of 1975, peasants in the province have
so far grown about 7,000 hectares of manioc, nearly 50 percent of the planned
norms, They are now preparing land for growing the remaining manioc area to
to supply manioc to 159 hand-operated processing establishments. [Hanoi
Domestic Service in Vietnamese 2300 GMT 22 Aug 77 BK]

16


URUGUAY

BRIEFS

TWO NEW AGENCIES--Tomorrow, 28 July, the National Telecommunications
Administration will inaugurate two new telecommunications agencies, In
this manner it will extend telephone and telegraph services to the towns
of Cerros de Amaro in Treinta y Tres Department and Pedro Aramendia

in Lavalleja Department, The first will be connected by long-distance
lines to the Treinta y Tres and Arbolitos centrals, and the other to the
Piraraja and Jose Pedro Varela, Text? (Montevideo EL PAIS in Spanish 27
Jul 77 p 9 8908

cso: 5500

34



CONTENTS (Continued)

JAPAN

Briefs
Photofiber Cable Development

NEW ZEALAND

Computer Center for Science
(THE EVENING POST, 22 Aug 77)..cscsccccccvsccvccees

NORTH KOREA

DPRK Sharply Increases International Service Broadcasts
(Editorial Report) ...ccscecceccecece

PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA

Briefs
Associated Press Delegation

THAILAND

Briefs
Repeater Station Planned
Rural Electrification
Loan for Electricity Expansion

VIETNAM

New Radio Stations
(Editorial Report). ..ccccccececccccecccccsccscceces

Briefs
Wired-Radio Stations
Ha Nam Ninh Grain Obligation
Ben Tre Subsidiary Crops
Tay Ninh Manioc Crop
Tay Ninh Rice Crops
Military Units' Production
Telegraph Line Construction
Radio Station to Broadcast

EASTERN EUROPE
BULGARIA

Construction of Earth Station for Space Communications
Delayed
(A. Andreevski; OTECHESTVEN FRONT, 24 Jul 77).......

-b-

Page

10

11

13

4
14
14

15

16
16
16
17
17

17

18


YUGOSLAVIA

NAVAL COMMUNICATIONS LABORATORY DESCRIBED
Belgrade Domestic Service in Serbo-Croatian 1800 GMT 29 Aug 77 AU
[Report by Mijusko Tomic]

[Summary] In connection with the forthcoming jubilee celebration of the
Yugoslav Navy Day Belgrade radio correspondent Mijusko Tomic visited the
laboratory for radio equipment and installations of the Split Naval School
Center, Here is his report:

"The laboratory for radio equipment and installations hums with new elec-
tronic instruments, the most modern means; and all these installations
are the last word in technical development, There is a multitude of in-
struments with different frequencies, [as heard] Future naval officers
acquire here the necessary knowledge to be able to operate various naval
vessels, including torpedo boats, submarines and gunboats, Reserve naval
officers, too, are trained in this laboratory.

We met Sergeant Milutin Vasiljevic in the laboratory for radio equipment
and installations of the Naval School Center in Lovra and asked him some
questions, :

[Question] "This is a laboratory equipped with extraordinarily modern
equipment."

[Answer] "Yes, there are here mainly the latest instruments which are
still being introduced abroad our ships, We have here our Stu-400 receiver-
transmitter set and teleprinter equipment, and it is planned now to intro-
duce this equipment aboard a majority of our ships."

[Question] “As an electronics engineer, who is serving here his regular
military service term, can you tell us to what an extent the modern elec-
tronic technology has made progress here and has been introduced here in
the training laboratory and aboard ships?"

[Answer] "It is planned to introduce the most modern means and we can say
that considerable successes have been achieved in this respect, What is
most important is the fact that these means have been made in our country:
80 percent of them have been made in our country and we still import 20
percent of these means, and it is planned to increase our own means to
100 percent,

27
CaN. sEnH



PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA

BRIEFS

ASSOCIATED PRESS DELEGATION--Peking, 31 Aug 1977 (Hsinhua)--Chu Mu-chih,
Director of the Hsinhua News Agency, gave a banquet here this evening in
honor of a U. S. delegation of Associated Press executives and directors

led by Keith Fuller, president of AP. Composed of chairman, vice-chairmen
and directors of the board of AP, the delegation arrived in Peking yesterday
evening on a visit to China at the invitation of the Hsinhua News Agency.
Present at the banquet were leading members of press circles in the Chinese
capital, the Information Department and the Department of American and
Oceanian Affairs of the Foreign Ministry. Chu Mu-chih and Keith Fuller
proposed toasts at the banquet to the constant enhancement of the friendship
and understanding between the people and press circles of the two countries.
[Peking NCNA in English 1618 GMT 31 Aug 77 OW]

cso: 5500

13



"Currently we are training our Bulgarian colleagues to run the station,"
said Eng Sanin. "Our specialists are reading lectures and sharing their
tuning experience. We are pleased that the young, united, and enthusiastic
collective is rapidly mastering the new and unfamiliar equipment. Whenever
necessary we help the construction workers, particularly those building
the radio relay station. No communication between the space station and
Sofia's television tower may exist without its rapid completion."

The efforts of the construction and installation workers are focused on the
completion of the projects without which the Universiada 77 sports compe-
titions could not be broadcast through the international Intersputnik
system with its reliable Mol'niya satellites. From 17 to 28 August all
the countries within our socialist comity and the Eurovision public will
watch direct telecasts of the biggest sports event of the year.

As to the exchange of other types of communications, Vladimir Sanin
assured us that‘on the eve of the 60th anniversary of the Great October
Socialist Revolution there will be test telephone conversations between
Sofia and Moscow via outer space. By the end of the year the first
Bulgarian station for space communications must be totally completed, at
which point it will be possible to transmit not only radio and television
programs but also high-quality telegraph, telephone, and phototelegraph
communications.

Vladimir Sanin, head of the Soviet specialists, and his
Bulgarian colleague Eng Purvan Kazandzhiev, head of a shift,
are always together.

19



VIETNAM

NEW RADIO STATIONS

[Editorial Report OK] Hanoi Domestic Service in Vietnamese at 0400 GMT on
7 September broadcasts the following: "Ha Nam Ninh Province has completed
installing and put into operation a radio broadcasting station on the 238
meter bands. On the morning of 2 September, radio Ha Nam Ninh officially
began broadcasting a special program to greet National Day, 2 September.

‘Meanwhile Nam Ninh and Binh Luc Districts have completed the construction
of microwave transmitting stations. Thus, besides the radio broadcasting
station in Ha Nam Ninh Province, there are now 22 state-operated [quoocs
laapj] radio broadcasting stations and 310 civilian-operated [daan laapj]
wire radio stations in cooperatives with a total of more than 100,000
loudspeakers."

"On the morning of 2 September, the Kien Giang Provincial Radio Broadcasting
Station officially broadcast its first program. Its daily broadcasting

schedule lasts 5 hours and 15 minutes hours, some 2 hours and 55 minutes of
which are devoted to local programs."

cso: 5500

15



INTER-AMERICAN AFFAIRS

BRIEFS

URUGUAY-ARGENTINA ACCORD-~ Pursuant to a resolution issued yesterday
evening by President Mendez, in agreement with the Ministers of National
Defense and Foreign Relations, the National Telecommunications Administra-
tion was authorized to ratify an agreement made with the National Tele-
communications Enterprise of the Argentine Republic for an exchange of
telecommunications traffic between the two countries, Ltext7 {Montevideo
EL PAIS in Spanish 27 Jul 77 p 97 8908

CSO: 5500

28



COMPUTER CENTER FOR SCIENCE

Wellington THE EVENING POST in English 22 Aug 77 p 8

[Text]

A $9,250,000 computer centre at Upper
Hutt, tight security of which will be
second only to the Wanganui centre, was
opened today by Sir Thaddeus McCarthy.

Sir Thaddeus is chairman cating system to allow the
of the Wanganui Computer facility to be usd 24 hours
Centre ply committee. |a day.

The Upper Hutt computer. Then Trentham centre is a
the property of the Ccmpu-' solo machine, which while
ter service. division of the storing very important re
State Services Commission,’ search information, will not

is in Anzac Road, Trentham,'
and will be used mainly to)
hold scientific research infor-|
mation for many Government’
apartments, and for this rea-!
son the security will be tight.|
The building is three floors,
high, each fioor $0,
square metres (10,000 square
foot) housing a large ICL
2980 computer which takes
up 650 souare metres (7000
square feet). -
‘The computer cost- $6,250,000
and the building $3,000,000.

Departments

Departmetns using the com-
puter will be Agricillure and
isheries, Auckland — andj
and Christchurch Technical;

Institutes, New Zealand For-|the top

est Services, the Deparment
of Scientific and — Industrial
Research, the Government
Printing Office, Department
of Statistics ond the Mete-
orotogical Office.

Minor users will be Lands:
and Survey, Health, Electric
ity and Education.

The centre has its own,
Scnreating capacity, if need-
ed, but differs from the Wa-
nganui centre, because the
Wanganul centre has a duplt|

Cso: 5500

be needed on a 2¢hour “on
call" basis.

‘The centre will be staffed
by 60 trained personnel, about
six of whom have been
trainnig overseas from one to
six months.

been housed temporarily at
Rongotal, where familiarise

|tion courses and conversion

of information’has been car
tied out.

Windows

The centre is fully air-
conditioned and this is par-
ticu'arly . needed as the
building has windows only on
floor — this is for
security reasons.

A gasflooding system for
fire safety has also been in
stalled,

Because no water can be
used around the computer,
a special gas — BCF — fs
used along the same Ines
as the water sprinkling svs-
tem to extinguish a fire. This
gas is non-toxic.

w ovsor andandiRe

10

NEW ZEALAND



Does not the fact that the viewer even chooses to watch Baretta indicate
that he wants this kind of harmless entertainment. He cannot be forcefed
culture if he himself does not want it.

Fine, some people will perhaps only choose entertainment. This is their
individual right. However, there are people, indeed many people, who dis-
gusted with such programs will want to see something better.

Now they will be given this opportunity. It will, indeed, be another
thing to be able to choose from all the channels of the Nordic countries
instead of between just two channels.

Nordsat will make it possible to choose between 11 different channels.
Moreover, no one has yet been able to explain what is meant by "culture."
Is it the so-called refined culture of the elite, at which we frequently
sneer?

Is good entertainment less valuable than incomprehensible snobbery? Is
the dissemination of opinions always and everywhere more desirable than
an individual's own right to select what he wants to see?

Is there not too great of an attempt to cultivate people in a desired
direction under the guise of so-called culture. Nordsat, at least, offers
alternatives. Perhaps its opponents in their "father-knows-best" thinking
are afraid of just this.

Con

Is not a certain amount of guardianship needed? Our YLE and MTV are now
already broadcasting approximately 4800 hours of television programming
annually. If all the programs of the Nordic countries are broadcast through
this direct transmission satellite, the hourly amount of programs would
increase to approximately 10,700 hours. Television is already occupying
too much of our time.

In the United States it has been calculated that a 15-year old in his life-
time has spent twice as much time watching television than he has spent

in school! We do not even allow cigarettes to be sold to anyone under 16
years of age. But the drugs of international television will be offered
freely.

Indeed, some kind of guardianship is needed if a 15-year old is offered
30,000 murders and other acts of violence.

Television is such a forceful influence that it has been deenied necessary
to place it under the strict supervision of society. It cannot be allowed

that society would offer an overflowing profusion of kiosk culture based
on the commercial pursuit of profits.

54



DATA SENT BY TELEX

Canberra THE AUSTRALIAN in English 2 Aug 77 p 12

{Text]

A_ NEW type of
“data modem”,
called a Telex Inter-
face, will allow
computers to send
and receive infortna-
tion through the
telex. network, says
its maker.

Called =the — AM700
series, the interface has
been developed by Syd-
ney electronics “manu-
facturer, JN  Almgren
Pty Ltd. It Is Telecom-
approved and has a
wide range of options
including dual processor
fallback, automatic
answerback, and signal-
lng speed change. Code
conversion from Baudot
to ASCII can also be ac-
commodated, says,
Almgren.

The interface js tn-
stalled at the computer
terminal which can then
bo accessed by existing
telex subseribers from
thelr teleprinters, Ino
aimilar fashion to the
conventional CRT ter-
minals, |

Almgren says that the
advantages of the new
units are that since no
common equipment Is
involved, each line Is to-
tally independent. Also
the various options are

cso: 5500

contained on a plug-in
identity module, enab-
ling the functions of
each unit to be altered
and upgraded by re-
placing the module,

One Interface terml-
nates one telex line and
Js analogous to a Data
Modem. The equipment
side of the Interface
presents the standard
CCITT v24 levels to the
computer.

As telex traffic in-
creases further telex
lines can be connected
by adding interfaces.
The independence of
each line, plus the dual

fallback facility, give the
system a high degree of
reliabllity, says the
maker.

AUSTRALIA



Analysis of these orientations has shown that this was a correct policy and
that today Yugoslavia is not only freed from importing such equipment but
has become a significant exporter of it. The most important fact, however,
is that that policy has enabled the development and equipping of domestic
organizations and personnel which today are capable of independent develop-
ment of new technology and its rational utilization, Today production, de-
velopment and installation of telecommunications equipment employs more
than 50,000 persons in Yugoslavia, mostly skilled workers, of whom more than
1,500 are graduate engineers and more than 1,000 technicians,

Under World Prices

The further development of relations between the PIT organizations and
domestic industry seeks ‘to enrich their cooperation with new content based
on the principles of the Law on Associated Labor and the Law on Planning
Systems, and primarily, a self-management contract is being sought to direct
long-term commercial and technical cooperation.

This contract will regulate nearly all crucial questions of mutual interest
to PTT organizations and the producers and installers of- PTT equipment.
These are matters chiefly of the technical and technological development of
domestic production, mutual selection and development of new systems, joint
access to foreign licenses and other partners, the negotiation of mutual
policy for the issuing of certification, etc. The contract will also regu-
late long-term pricing policies, in which the primary mutual point of de-
parture will be the desire to promote price stability in the long term,
Here it should be stressed that the present prices used by the Yugoslav
telecommunications industry are very significantly below world prices for
some equipment, and this compensates several times for the expenditures

for equipment at somewhat higher prices at the beginning of the development
of domestic industries.

The contract will also provide long-term regulation of terms for deliveries
and installation, specify common assignments concerning testing, quality
control, determination of technical standards and technical conditions, etc.
Neither partner to the contract expects imports of major amounts of equip-
ment except for certain instruments, measuring devices and some special
equipment which would not be profitable to produce domestically because of
the small quantities involved, It is of mutual interest to the PIT organ-
izations and the producers to keep that minimal import amount of some 3-4
percent of total equipment value effective and without restrictions in the
program for imports and exports.

The basis for preparing this self-management contract and one of its in-
herent parts is the Program for Developing PIT Communications in Yugoslavia
by 1985, and this provides the contract with its special quality, In prac-
tical terms it assures implementation of the basic principles of self-manage-
ment planning, by which not only relationships and common interests between

25



CZECHOSLOVAKIA

BRIEFS

TRUTNOV CERNA HORA TELEVISION--The construction of the Trutnov Cerna Hora television
transmitter is a Czechoslovak-Polish friendship building project and the organizations
involved have pledged to start transmission of the first and second programs by

15 December 1977, The transmitter will be 78 meters high and the builders have
reached 56 meters so far, [Bratislava PRAVDA in Slovak 19 Aug 77 p 2 AU]

cso: 5500

22



CONTENTS (Continued) Page
Briefs
Two New Agencies 34
NEAR EAST AND NORTH AFRICA
IRAN

New Telephone Connections Planned for Next Year
(TEHRAN JOURNAL, 23 Aug 77)...0..

ee eee ecw eesenens 35

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

Submarine Communications Cable Near Completion
(FRATERNITE MATIN, various datesS)......ceceessseees 36

ANGOLA

Committee To Investigate Amateur Radio Activities
(JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 11 Aug 77)....ccccccevecccccecee 39

MAURITANIA

Mauritanian Telecommunications Program
(AFRIQUE INDUSTRIE INFRASTRUCTURE, 15 Jul 77)...... 41

Briefs
French Telecommunications Gifts 46

REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA

Computer Industry Gets Boost
(Grant Rogerson; THE STAR, 2 Sep 77) ..sccssecevceees 47

TANZANIA
Briefs
Director of News Agency 48
ZAIRE
Briefs
Pan-African Communications System 49

-d-


CONTENTS (Continued)
Ground-Space Communications Center Commissioned
(TRUD, 18 Aug 77) .scecesescccccersccvevceccccecscees
CZECHOSLOVAKIA

Briefs
Trutnov Cerna Hora Television

YUGOSLAVIA

Development of Telecommunications Industry, Projection
to 1985
(Ante Zmijarevic; EKONOMSKA POLITIKA, 18 Jul 77)...

Naval Communications Laboratory Described
(Mijusko Tomic; Belgrade Domestic Service,
29 Aug 77)..

LATIN AMERICA

INTER-AMERICAN AFFAIRS

Briefs
Uruguay-Argentina Accord

BOLIVIA

Briefs
Bolivian Television Reorganized

CUBA

New Radio Station for Santa Cruz del Sur
(JUVENTUD REBELDE, 29 Jun 77). .cceeccccccccevsececes

Briefs
New Telephone Center

URUGUAY

Earth Communications Satellite Station To Be Built
Near Minas
(EL DIA, 15 Aug 77)sccccacccsccccccccccecccnceeseetes

Page

21

22

23

27

28

29

30

32



NORTH KOREA

DPRK SHARPLY INCREASES INTERNATIONAL SERVICE BROADCASTS

[Editorial Report WA] FBIS monitoring of North Korean broadcasts indicates
that North Korea has significantly increased the scope of its broadcast
effort to international audiences since early August, raising the broad-
casting output in its international services from 294 hours to 435 hours j
45 minutes per week. !

The biggest increases on a geographic area basis were in the services
beamed to North America, Latin America, Near East/Africa, and Europe. The
biggest increases by language were in English, Spanish, French, Arabic and
Mandarin. Weekly broadcasts in Russian to audiences in the Far East and
Europe were reduced from 28 hours to 25 hours 40 minutes. Korean was also
reduced from 29 hours to 35 hours per week.

These output figures do not include 163 hours 20 minutes per week of
broadcasts in Korean to South Korea and Koreans living in Japan which have
not changed significantly since the previous broadcast schedule. A break-
down of the new broadcast schedule by language and beam is as follows:

Arabic to the Near and Middle East and Africa increased from 14 hours to
42 hours per week.

English increased from 77 hours to 102 hours 40 minutes per week, including:
to Europe from 14 hours to 25 hours 40 minutes; to Southeast Asia from

35 hours to 25 hours 40 minutes (representing the only decrease in this
language); to the Americas from 7 hours to 25 hours 40 minutes: to the
Near and Middle East and Africa from 21 hours to 25 hours 40 minutes.

French increased from 35 hours to 79 hours 20 minutes per week, including:
to Europe from 7 hours to 25 hours 40 minutes; to Southeast Asia from

14 hours to 25 hours 40 minutes; to the Near and Middle East and Africa
from 14 hours to 28 hours.

Japanese to Japan increased from 49 hours to 67 hours 5 minutes per week.

11



INTERNATIONAL

INTERCOSMOS CONFERENCE ENDS IN ULAANBAATAR
ED221451Y Mescow PRAVDA in Russian 20 Aug 77 p 4 LD

(text] ‘TASS--The latest conference ef leaders of the national coordinating organs of
the coutries participating in the Intercosmos program has ended in Ulaanbaatar, The
meeting discussed the results and prospects of joint research and experiments being
performed under the program of cooperation among the socialist coumtries in the spheres
of space physics, space meteorology, space biology and medicine, space communioations
and remote exploraticn of the earth by aerospace means.

cso: 5500



TAY NINH RICE CROPS--Tay Ninh province has so far transplanted about 70,000
hectares of 10th-month rice and grown 10,000 hectares of slash-burn upland
rice, fulfilling more than 70 percent of the planned area for the LOth-
month of rice crop, Peasants in the province are striving to complete
transplanting the remaining 10,000 hectares of 10th-month rice by early
September and grow short-term food crops. [Ho Chi Minh City Domestic
Service in Vietnamese 1200 GMT 24 Aug 77 BK]

MILITARY UNITS’ PRODUCTION--Thirteen specialized cultivation zones in the
southern provinces have begun to carry out plans. A large military force
assigned to economic tasks has begun to grow rice in Ha Tien and Dong Thap
Muoi, rubber trees in Song Be, corn and soybean in Dong Nai, cotton in
Thuan Hai and food and grain crops in (Krong Pak). Tens of thousands of
troops are actively reclaiming wasteland to expand the cultivable areas,
doing irrigation work, building communications and transportation networks
and building material facilities for each production unit. A number of
state farms, which are managed by the army, have been put into production.
[Ho Chi Minh City Domestic Service in Vietnamese 2345 GMT 17 Aug 77 BK]

TELEGRAPH LINE CONSTRUCTION—Hanoi August 31--The General Department of
Information is now constructing a 2,080-kilometer trans-Vietnam communication
line. The line will run from Hanoi along Highway One and fork at Thu Duc
Town, northeast of Ho Chi Minh City. One branch will extend to Ho Chi

Minh City and the other will reach to Cape Ca Mau in the southernmost
province of Minh Hai. Telegraph stations will be built along the line to
connect it with the provincial communication lines to form a complete

grid. [Text] [Hanoi VNA in English 0706 GMT 31 Aug 77 OW]

RADIO STATION TO. BROADCAST~-According to the [provincial] paper KIEN GIANG,
after a period of intensive building and testing, and with the assistance

of the technical department and various services and sectors in the province,
the KIEN GIANG Radio Broadcasting Station will officially begin broadcasting
on 2 September. The station will broadcast four programs a day on the
medium wave of 326 meter bands, that is 920 khz. These programs will be
broadcast in the morning, at noontime, in the afternoon and in the evening
to serve the local people. [Text] [Ho Chi Minh City Domestic Service in
Vietnamese 1200 GMT 29 Aug]

cso: 5500

17



JPRS 69790

14 September 1977

TRANSLATIONS ON TELECOMMUNICATIONS POLICY,
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
No, 13

Reproduced From
Best Available Copy

DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A
Approved for Public Release
Distribution Unlimited

U.S. JOINT PUBLICATIONS RESEARCH SERVICE

1 20000331 106



legislation. The issuance of new operators’ licenses, the order says, will
be made by requisition addressed to the secretary of state. Those applicants
who can prove that they have previously taken an examination will be exempted
from taking the examination required by pertinent regulations.

8711
CSO: 5500

40


NEW HALFTONE GRAPHIC SOFTWARE

Canberra THE AUSTRALIAN in English 9 Aug 77 p 11

{Text]

VERSATEC INC _ has
released a new software
package which enables
hal-tones and grey
scale to be plotted on its
Electrostatic Plotters
and Printer/Plotiers.
The Grey Scale imag-
ing capability does not
interfere with the nor-
mal use of the line
printer on a graphics
plotter. ‘The process used
is essentially a digital

half toning technique.
This has been in use by
printers for over 100
years 10 reprint grey
scale pictures. In fact,
the printer faces the
same situation as electro-
static plotters — ink can
only be placed down
with one level of inten-
sity.

The company says
that these devices can
plot a completely black
page. or a single dot to
the limit of the resolu-
tion of the plotter. To
date, its plotters have
been used primarily for
@raphics and text
applications. However,

cso: 5500

some customers have
used printer/plotters for
producing greyscale
images. Most of these
grey scale applications
have built a picture
using grey scale charac-
ters or blocks (3 x 3, 4x
4 or even 8 x 8 charac-
ters) each having a
fixed dot pattern’ to
simulate a particular
level of grey. The result
is rather poor resolution
and very poor rendition
of the edge detail.
VERSATEC says that
its method conserves the
detail of the original

picture to the limit of
resolution of the elec-
rostatic plotter. The
VERSATEC Grey Scale
Sysem cutput is a digi-
tal, half-tone emulation
of continuous grey scale
images. Ii will allow
medical. weather map-
ping, page composition
and seismic users a via-
ble alternative to film
output.

The heart of the sys-
tem is the Versaplot
Grey Seale Software
Package. It is a set of
Fortran callable user
subroutines analagous to

AUSTRALIA

universal Versaplot in
its design.

The VERSAPLOT
GREY SCALE SOFT-
WARE solves the grey
scale problem in a flexi-
ble manner. This gives
the user the ability to
half-tone a picture from
several different picture
sources, The user's
application program col-
Jects a scan line of pix-
els” from the picture
source (disc file, tape
file or on-line device)
and performs any pre-
processing necessary.
Each scan line of pixels
is given to Versaplot
Grey Scale Plotting
Software where it is
converted to raster data
and output to the plot-
ter. The Versatec soft-
ware provides several
editing capabilities and
hhalf-tone options which
Pre-process @ scan line
of pixels.
*A pixel is an acronym
for picture element
which is the smallest
distinguishable element
of « given picture or
image.



NEW ICL ADD-ONS FOR COMPUTERS

Canberra THE AUSTRALIAN in English 2 Aug 77 p 16

{Text]

PLESSEY has mov-
ed farther into the
mini-computer add-
on market with new
products announced
at the Geneva show

this year.

This follows an earlier
announcement that
Plessey Australia is
marketing the recently
developed range of
memory misers compati-
ble with ICL 1900 range
of mainframe computers
as “cost-effective alter-
natives” to the ICL
equivalents.

Plessey says these
add-ons enable users of
ICL computers to ex-
pand existing capacity
with additional blocks of
memory with a minimum
of 16K words, increasing
by 16K-word increments
to a maximum of 131K
words of 25 bits in a
free-standing cabinet.

Plessey Memories has
been an OEM supplier
of memory stacks and
boards to computer

manufacturers for many |

years and has built up a
Teputation for compatl-
bility and reliability.
The cauipmont
demonstrated at Geneva
included the PM-DS/1B
5 megabytes cartridge

CsO: 5500

; disc system: ‘the new .
32K x 18 singe card *themory on one

core memory: a 75 IPS ,
double density magnetic
tape system and the
new PM-DS1180 40!
megabytes disc storage !

* system, all operating live
pon a PDP 11/34

minico-nputer.

Plessey Memories also
first displayed its compa-
tible products for the ©
DEC LSI II micro- ‘
Processor.

The PM-DS/11 car-
tridge disc memory sys-
tem provides a double
capacity plug-in alter-
native to the Digital
Equipment Corporation !
RK 11 disc systems and
RKO 5 dise drivers for '
DEC PDP 11 and PDP 8:
minicomputers, says the
maker,

The system comprises ‘
the PM-DC/11 one svs-
tem unit controller

« which can operate up to |
1

eight 2.5 megabytes
discs, either all PM-
DD/tl or mixed with
RK 05s.

Each disc drive unit
PM-DD/11B includes
one fixed disc togethor
with an IBM 2313-type
removable cartridge
Imedia, which can also
be used with the RK
05s.

The new PM-1132 has }

2K

words «

pe

ingle
card and occupies cniz
two slots in any PDP 11.
says Plessey. O] 1
at a 950 nanosecond |
cycle time and ..0 nen-
osecond access time. the |
PM-1132 plugs into all !
of the new PDP 11/04-34
modified ‘unibus' back-
planes or into the pre-
vious PDP 11/05-25 fam-
ily of normal “‘Unibus’

+ anemory backvianes.

The Plessey magnecic
tape system. with 2.
mm reels, reads and
writes ai IPS vith
switch-svlectabdle
860/1600 BPI tape densi-
ties. The controller
occupies one system unit
in the PDP 11 hardware
and it can control up to |
four Plessey magnetic |
tape drives.

AUSTRALIA

own for the first
time, the PM-DS 1180
s.0raye module disc sys-
tem uses the latest statz
of the art in disc tech-
nology.

It has a capacity of 40
megabytes and emulates
the RP 11 disc pack sys-
tem at highly competi-
tive prices.

The controller, which
occupies only one system
unit in any PDP 11 or
extension box, can drive
up to four PM-DD 1130

x Storage module

ssey says that the
system is completely soft-
ware transparent. re-
quires no software mo-
dification and has word
transfer rates twice as
fast as the equivalent
RP 03.


should be taken into consideration that linguistic minorities will thereby
have the opportunity to view programs in their own language to a greater
degree than is now possible. Also the range of television programming will
be instantly expanded. And there will be no need for expensive and aiffi-
cult-to-maintain link-up networks.

Compared to the construction of a complete link-up network the Nordsat-
alternative is a significantly less expensive alternative.

The problems which have been mentioned can be easily resolved. For ex-
ample, the problems of manufacturing rights are contractual questions be~-
tween the manufacturing organizations and the radio corporations, which
will be resolved in the same manner as any other contractual questions.
Leqal problems can be easily resolved with minor changes in the law and
there is no cultural problem since this program does not limit but, to the
contrary, propagates culture.

Con

The question of the free transmission of information does not apply here.

Indeed, all the radio corporations in the Nordic countries are in a monop-
oly position, and television programs have already undergone considerable

screening and editing.

The situation will not be improved by the fact that in addition to a
single monopoly system several monopoly systems will determine what we
are to see. And if we examine the television programs of the other Nordic
countries, it can be seen that there is not much left of their national
cultures.

One-third of Sweden's television programs is imported from somewhere else,
in Finland and Norway nearly 40 percent, and in Denmark it is more than
one-half. In Iceland 67 percent of the programming is imported. Instead
of a national culture one can watch the free-time narcotics imported by
the large commercial television companies: crime, pseudoromanticism,

sex, under the guise of culture and the free transmission of information.

National culture will be condemned to die and multinational commercial
entertainment will dominate the airwaves. Of what benefit will be the free
selection of programs when at every moment in every country one will be
able to see either Baretta, Cannon, Kojak, McCloud, or some other series
depicting violence.

The only correct use of Nordsat would be that each country would be its
own eliminating or that joint programs would be produced.

Pro

What was stated above is typical guardianship thinking. The viewers do
not need to be sheltered. Who is the right individual or organ to state
what is correct?

53



INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

SUBMARINE COMMUNICATIONS CABLE NEAR COMPLETION
Abidjan FRATERNITE MATIN in French 30-31 Jul, 4 Aug, 6-7 Aug 77
[30-31 Jul 77 p 5]

[Excerpt] The cable-ship "Vercors" from Dakar arrived last
night. This ship is to land the submarine cable that will link
Abidjan to the Senegalese capital. The operation, which will
be carried out near Gonzagueville, will complete the submarine
cable link between France, Morocco, Senegal, and Ivory Coast.

Today at 1200 hours, the cable-ship will be out at sea to place
the submarine cables. It will return from this mission at

1900 hours. It will go out to sea again a second time tomorrow,
Sunday, at 0100 hours, returning at 1245 hours. That will then
be the end of placing the cables. The end of the mission will
be celebrated with a reception given at 1300 hours on board the
cable-ship.

It was in July 1975 that Senegal and Ivory Coast signed the
agreement for the realization of this cable, which cost 7 billion
CFA francs, with Tele-Senegal and INTELCI [expansion unknown]
each paying 50 percent.

Service will not start until some time during the first 4 months
of 1978 because, after yesterday's operation, there still
remain some 500 km of cable to lay out at sea next December.

The line that will then be open will have a capacity of close
to 640 telephone circuits. The result will be an increase in

the routing channels, which were proving to be insufficient for
the constantly increasing demand.

[4 Aug 77 p 5]

[Excerpts] The "landing" of a major portion of the last section
was completed last weekend by the cable-ship "Vercors," which

36



The Yugoslav PIT agency also signed, in addition to the agreement with the
Yugoslav Investment Bank as the creditor, an agreement with the International
Bank for a project that has had a crucial importance for the PTT organiza-
tions in selecting foreign suppliers of equipment through international
licensing arrangements, The basic goal was to use the loan for the function
of developing domestic industry, and this was completely successful. The
result has been that of the $40 million of the loan, about $35 million came
from foreign producers in the form of technical and production cooperation
with our producers so that domestic producers participated directly in sup-
plying and install g some $18 million in equipment.

The capacity of domestic production continued to develop in very modern
systems in the area of transmitting and communication technology. That,

in turn, created favorable circumstances for the construction of a new
factory for telecommunication cables in Svetozarevo, and the PTT enter-
prises had already designated funds for that purpose, Further, a new fac-
tory for semiautomatic telephone exchanges was built at Iskra in Kranj,
which is one of the most modern factories of its type in Europe, There is
also a new factory for high-frequency electronic products in Zemun which
more than doubles the capacity available at the Nikola Tesla plant in Zagreb,
and the latter has notably modernized its Crossbar systems and just recently
concluded an agreement with its licensing partner for the production of
automatic telephone and telegraph exchanges.

The share of foreign equipment, which stood at 90 percent in the 1960's has
been reduced during the course of the 1969-1975 program to about 15 percent,
while the need for imports in the 1976-1985 program will decline to merely
3-4 percent,

That has made it possible for this industrial group to become a significant
exporter, on whom some industrially developed countries depend seriously
for their construction of telephone and telegraph systems, Today the total
exports of this group amount to about $100 million, and our producers are
involved in supplying and installing major telephone and telegraph switch-
boards for domestic and international automatic communications in the Soviet
Union, the GDR, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, several developing countries, etc.
Significant quantities of components, parts and subassemblies are being ex-
ported to the most advanced industrial countries of the West, and some of
these are even used for the needs of their licensees,

It is natural that such a concept has had its price, Foreign producers
have not granted licenses and provided assistance to our producers out of
altruism, The PTT, however, has been aware of that and it has been paid
for in the end either directly by the PTT organizations through higher
initial charges for equipment, as long as they are tolerably above world
prices, or by the domestic industry itself in paying its own developmental
costs,

24



MAURITANIA

MAURITANIAN TELECOMMUNICATIONS PROGRAM
Paris AFRIQUE INDUSTRIE INFRASTRUCTURE in French 15 Jul 77 p 68, 69
[Article: 'Telecommunications"]

[Text] Unitl relatively recently, telecommunications installations in
Mauritania were still few in number, Only a few cities were equipped with
telephone exchanges:

--either automatic, for example: Nouakchott, Nouadhibou, Kiffa, Kaedi, Atar,
Akjoujt.

--or manual, for example: '‘Ayoun El ‘Atrous, Aleg, Boque, Boutilimit, and
Maderdra,

The transmission network extended from the capital to the cities of the
provinces using shortwave radio circuits, At first transmitting only
radiotelegraphy, the links were able to transmit radiotelegraphy and radio-
telephony with the installation of single sideband transmitters or indepen-
dent sideband transmitters and receivers,

Mauritania's international circuits were and still are also operated by

short waves from Nouakchott andNouadhibou, There are direct circuits to:
France, the Maghreb, and Senegal, Outgoing and incoming international tele-
phone calls are handled by manual telephone switchboards located in Nouakchott
and Nouadhibou, Calls to Paris are routed by semiautomatic circuits, Con-
sequently, as recently as 2 years ago, the quality of the few circuits trans-
mitting all of Mauritania's telephone and telegraph traffic closely depended
on the extremely variable propagation conditions of the short waves,

A decisive step was taken when the initial results of the study on the
PANAFTEL [Pan-African Telecommunications] network were made public, The
purpose of the PANAFTEL network is to link African countries using circuits
capable of meeting the specifications of the CCIR [International Radio
Communications Consultative Committee] and CCITT [International Telegraphic
and Telephonic Communications Consultative Committee]. It is designed also
to handle the national traffic of each country in its trunk lines, As soon

41



YUGOSLAVIA

DEVELOPMENT OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS INDUSTRY, PROJECTION TO 1985
Belgrade EKONOMSKA POLITIKA in Serbo-Croatian 18 Jul 77 pp 26-27
[Excerpts from an article by Ante Zmijarevic]

[Excerpts] Some fifteen years ago, by adopting the program for constructing
an automatic telegraph and telephone system, the country also determined the
direction for the development of the domestic industry of telecommunications
equipment. That orientation has been followed consistently from the first
program for the development of the PIT [Post, Telegraph, Telephone] from
1961 to 1967; its full justification was shown by the significant results
in the Program for PTT Development 1969-1975.

Expansion has included the Nikola Tesla factory for telecommunications
instruments in Zagreb, the Iskra electromechanics factory in Kranj, produc-
tion of high frequency instruments at the Nis Electronics Industry Plant,
and others. They are established as recognized producers of telecommunica-
tions equipment throughout the world today and have many satisfied customers.
At the same time, capacities have expanded for installing telegraph and
telephone equipment, so that today the PIT workshops have developed into
strong installations enterprises, such as Telefonkabl in Belgrade, Tegrad

in Ljubljana, Telenfonvod and the PIT workshop in Zagreb, Telemontaza in
Sarajevo and others,

Particularly significant support from the PIT organization to domestic
industry came in the process of fulfilling the Program for Developing PIT
Communications from 1960 to 1975, A favorable circumstance in that period
was the fact that it was possible to utilize a loan from the International
Bank in the amount of $40 million. While that loan actually was only about
6 percent of total investments during the period indicated, it was of spe-
cialquality since it was concentrated on building the most important instal-
lations in the Yugoslav PIT network, such as the construction of the earth
satellite station; international telegraph and telephone switchboards;

line equipment for coaxial cable systems with a capacity of 2,700 channels;
radio relays with a capacity of 1,800 channels; new high frequency systems
totalling 40,000 channels, etc.

23



CONTENTS (Continued)

USSR

Briefs
Launching of 'Molniya-1'

WESTERN EUROPE
FINLAND

Pros and Cons of Nordsat Presented
(Lars Bruun; SUOMEN KUVALEHTI, 29 Jul 77)....eeeeeee

TURKEY

"HURRIYET' Reports Radios Transmitting Illegally
(HURRIYET, 29 Aug 77). .cscceccccccvcescccecccsscvees

Page

50

31

58



THAILAND

BRIEFS

REPEATER STATION PLANNED--A repeater station of the National Broadcasting
Station of Thailand will be constructed at a site close to the Takua Pa
hospital (in Phangnga Province) to cover the southern provinces. [Bangkok
Domestic Service in English 0000 GMT 23 Aug 77 BK]

RURAL ELECTRIFICATION--According to the Provincial Electricity authority
governor, electricity will tentatively be extended to 4,692 more villages
during'the fourth national economic and social development plan which
covers from 1977 to 1981, This will involve expenses of approximately
19,237 billion baht. [Bangkok Domestic Service in Thai 0000 GMT 27 Aug 77
BK]

LOAN FOR ELECTRICITY EXPANSION--The Asian Development Bank approved on
25 August a U.S. $47 million loan to the Electricity Generating Authority
of Thailand for power transmission expansion in northern Thailand, The
loan.will finance the bulk of foreign exchange requirement of the project
and will be repayable over the period of 20 years, with a five-year grace
period and an interest rate of 8.3 percent per year. [Bangkok Domestic
Service in English 0000 GMT 27 Aug 77 BK]

cso: 5500

14



FINLAND

PROS AND CONS OF NORDSAT PRESENTED
Helsinki SUOMEN KUVALEHTI in Finnish 29 Jul 77 pp 47-49

{Article by Lars Bruun: “For and Against the Nordic Countries’ Joint TV
Satellite -- Nordsat"]

[Text] The plans for a joint television satellite for the Nordic coun-
tries are already in full swing. In the future this satellite hovering
somewhere over the equator will make it possible, for example, for every
Finn to receive programs from any other Nordic country.

But along the way there are many problems in need of discussion. They are
examined here by an attorney of the Nordic countries’ league of journalists,
Lars Bruun, candidate of law.

In June the Nordic countries' ministers responsible for television broad-
casting held a meeting in Husavik, Iceland. At the meeting the question
of a joint television satellite for the Nordic countries or plans for the
so-called NORDSAT were discussed, among other things. The ministers
decided to circulate their report concerning the issue and they hope that
there will be an extensive and lively discussion on this issue.

In Finland, however, there has not been such a discussion. except for a few
_ bursts of emotion, so that it is perhaps time to initiate an exchange of
ideas for and against.

It can be said that we now have in question perhaps the greatest upheaval
in television broadcasting since the invention of television itself. As
‘opposed to radio waves, for example, TV waves are sent out in a straight
line and up until now have required a direct visual contact between the
broadcasting station and the receiving antenna or a suitable cable or a
link-up network.

Now we have in question a so-called direct transmission satellite, by

which the TV broadcasts of the various Nordic countries can be received
directly in Finland without a retransmission, which is the case, for ex~
ample, when programs are sent via satellite even from the United States.

51



TURKEY

‘HURRIYET' REPORTS RADIOS TRANSMITTING ILLEGALLY
NC301217Y Istanbul HURRIYET in Turkish 29 Aug 77 p 3 NC

[Summary] Ankara~-HURRIYET--Certain radio stations are transmitting
programs in Turkey in violation of the law under which the Turkish Radio
and Television organization [TRT] has the monopoly of voice and video
broadcasting.

The first of these radios, the Ankara police radio, was established in
1954 with the aim of improving relations between the police and the public.
Later this radio increased the number of its [Turkish police] stations and
established VHF stations. At present the Ankara police radio transmits
music and feature programs 10 1/2 hours daily. In addition to the Ankara
police radio, the Izmir and Istanbul police radios transmit music and
feature daily programs.

According to the information published in the magazine "ELEKTRIK MUHENDISLIGI"
[Electrical Engineering], the official organ of the Chamber of the Electrical
Engineers, the following radio stations are engaged in illegal broadcasting:

Turkiye Polis Radyosu [Turkish Police Radio], established in Ankara in
1954; Mamak Radyosu [Mamak Radio], established in Ankara in 1960;
Meteorolojinin Sesi Radyosu [Voice of Meteorology], established in Ankara
in 1961; Izmir Polis Radyosu [Izmir Police Radio]}. Havacilarin Sesi Radyosu
[Voice of the Airmen], established in Ahlatlibel, Ankara in 1966; Ankara
Polish Radyosu [Ankara Police Radio] VHF, donated by the United States;
Eregli Komur Isletmeleri Radyosu [Eregli Coal Works Radio], established in
Zonguldak in 1967; and Azminin Radyosu [Azmi's Radio], established in
Kozan, Adana in 1974.

cso: 5500 END

58



"An extensive plan for hailing 26 July, which will consist of news,
historical, educational and recreational programs in all the stations of
the province, is being placed in operation gradually, awaiting the main
ceremony celebrating the 24th anniversary of the attack on Moncada Barracks,
which for the first time will take place in Camaguey.

"Our highest aspiration," concluded Rivero, is to present a number of
programs at the level of the activities, which as a tribute to 26 July,
were carried out in Camaguey, and to maintain a high quality so that
everything that happens because of this important event will reach the
listening audience of the province."

8908
CSO: 5500

31



CUBA

BRIEFS

NEW TELEPHONE CENTER--The new modern national long-distance telephone center has been
operating in Havana since 26 July. This center is under the jurisdiction of the Ministry
of Communications. The center is equipped with modern technology and has increased
operating capacity by 40 percent. This makes it possible to offer long-distance service
which is more in tune with the country's economic development and with the growth of the
population. The inauguration of the new national long-distance telephone center coincided
with the completion of the national microwave system, which will increase long-distance
circuits for the interior of the country. [Havana Domestic Service in Spanish 1600 GMT
15 Aug 77 FL

CSO: 5500

32



COMPUTER INDUSTRY GETS BOOST

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 2 Sep 77 p 19

[Article by Grant Rogerson]

{Text]

South Africa's infant com-
puter assembly industry
has been given a boost
with the announcement
today that Hamac is to
produce a microcomputer
system. The system, which
has been designed and
developed locally, will be
assembled at Messina
(Transvaal) Develop
ment’s Johannesburg fac-
tory where Messina itself
has a computer assembly
operation. The com
ponents wifl be imported.

Hamac says an impor-
tant aspect of the move is
to make it independent of
any particular country for
its parts, especially if em-
bargoes ‘are: placed on
fully-assembled foreign
computers which the Re-
public currently imports.

cso: 5500

The system, h is
aimed. at snatching a
sizeable share of the coun-
try’s R25m-a-year micro-
computer business, has
been designed to embrace
a host of functions in a
single unit, including me-
mories, vistal display
printers, tape casettes and
disc-storage.

The company will be
getting its new project off
the ground with an excep-
tionally strong base. Its
tie-up with Mercedes Busi-
ness Systems, annot
today, 1s expected to re-
sult in group sales of
Rilm a year.

‘The first batch of Ha.
mac's new terminals will
come off the production
lines early next year, with
31 destined for the Dur-
‘ban Corporation in ®
R150 000 deal.

47

REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA



The 56-ton antenna is "testing" outer space. Its. parabolic
mirror is 12 meters in diameter

Soviet specialists Nadezhda Galushina and Leonid Luris test
the channel-forming equipment for telephone communications

5003
cso: 5500 20



USSR

BRIEFS

LAUNCHING OF 'MOLNIYA-1'--TASS reports: The "Molniya-1" [as heard], the
latest in a series of communications satellites, was launched in the
Soviet Union on 30 August. It is intended to guarantee the operations of
the trunk radio-telephone lines and telegraph communications system as well
as transmissions of USSR Central Television programs to locations in the
Orbita Network situated in the areas of the extreme north, Siberia, the
Far East and Central Asia. The equipment installed on the satellite is

functioning normally. [Text] [Moscow Domestic Service in Russian 0930 GMT
31 Aug 77 LD]

cso: 5500

50



JPRS 69790
14 September 1977

TRANSLATIONS ON TELECOMMUNICATIONS POLICY,
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
No. 13
ConTENTS PAGE

INTERNATIONAL

Intercosmos Conference Ends in Ulaanbaatar
(Pravda, 20 Aug 77) .cccscssccccccccrcececscceseucssesens 1

ASIA

AUSTRALIA

INDIA

Data Sent by Telex
(THE AUSTRALIAN, 2 Aug 77)..

see eeererensecencesece 2

New ICL Add-ons for Computers
(THE AUSTRALIAN, 2 Aug 77). .cccccccevcccvcvccsecscceceees 3

New Halftone Graphic Software
(THE AUSTRALIAN, 9 Aug 77) ..ccccccccvecccccceccccsesecece 4

ATDA Says Research, Development Funds Being Wasted
(THE AUSTRALIAN, 15 Aug 77). .ccccceeccceces

Digital Unveils New Printer
(THE AUSTRALIAN, 22 Aug 77) ...ccccccscccccccccccscecseees 6

TV Error Could Cost $70 Million
(Phillip McCarthy; THE AGE, 22 Aug 77)...sceeceeees

Briefs
Radio-TV Study Group 8

“ar (III - INT - 140]



ANGOLA

COMMITTEE TO INVESTIGATE AMATEUR RADIO ACTIVITIES
Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 11 Aug 77 p 1

[Text] All activities of the Angolan Radio Amateur League have been suspended
and a committee has been named to investigate its activities, according to an
order by the secretary of state for communications, Comrade Bento Ribeiro,
which has now been made public. The aforementioned committee is comprised

of Comrades Pedro Trindade, Aleixo da Palma and Artur Soares da Silva.

According to the order, all amateur station and operator licenses issued up
to the present have been canceled.

At the same time, all holders of amateur radio station licenses, as stipulated,
must turn over their complete installations to the posts and telegraph service
and will receive a receipt. In the case of Luanda, the equipment must be
turned over to the Radioelectronic Control Center. All official organs that
for any reason have amateur radio installations must also turn them over.

Fostering Amateur Radio

In his order, Comrade Bento Ribeiro, secretary of state for communications,
established measures aimed at regulating amateur radio in our country. During
the colonial period and the second war of national liberation, radio amateur
was employed by fascist, colonial authorities and by puppet organizations for
police and repressive purposes in complete violation of the recognized inter-
national ethics that characterize that activity. Amateur radio is interna-
tionally recognized as an activity meant for individual instruction, for
intercommunication, and technical study by radio amateurs, that is, by duly
authorized people who are interested in amateur radio exclusively for personal
reasons without pecuniary interest, an aspect that will characterize it

among us in the future. With the measures now adopted, the secretariat of
state for communications also considered that fostering amateur radio is
important, especially to encourage interest in radioelectronics among the
youth.

The Issuance of Future Licenses

It was decided also that amateur station licenses will be issued by that
state secretariat, with requests being handled according to existing

39



had the task of laying the cables and which left Abidjan on
Sunday evening after it had successfully completed this
penultimate stage of the operation.

There is a total of 2,535 km of cable (495 km for the first

section laid last February, 1,058 km for the second, and 982

for the last) that will link Abidjan to Dakar, Rabat, and

France in this system, the originators of which have given

more guarantees of safety, security, and durability than for

any other existing telephonic or telegraphic links; according

to the engineers from the "Vercors," the submarine cables .
offer above all the sure advantage of secrecy of communications
between the regions concerned.

The cable-ship will return next December for the last stage of
laying the submarine cable, called the final splicing, which
will take place in Abidjan at the inauguration ceremony of this
new telecommunications system.

[6-7 Aug 77 p 6]

[Excerpts] The construction agreement for the Abidjan-Lagos
section of the Africa-Europe submarine cable was signed
yesterday at the Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications by
our country and the four other “promoter states," that is,
Senegal, Morocco, Nigeria, and France.

Our country was represented at this ceremony by our minister
of posts and telecommunications, Kone Bangali, while the other
four states were represented by Jean Grenier, French regional
director of telecommunications, Daouda Sow, Senegalese minister
of communications, Mr Wakrim, Moroccan director of telecommuni-
cations, and the Nigerian charge d'affaires in Ivory Coast,
Godwin Jituboh.

This Abidjan-Lagos section of the submarine telecommunications
cable is an extension of the sections already completed,

which are: France-Morocco, Morocco-Senegal, and Senegal-Ivory
Coast.

After numerous contacts and negotiations, the agreement

protocol with Nigeria was signed in Lagos on 24 June 1977. The
ceremony for which we met today, a logical result of the June ,
meeting, thus leads us to sign the construction agreement for

the Abidjan-Lagos section of the electronic transatlantic

route that is of such capital importance to the African continent.

According to minister Kone Bangali, this decision meets primarily
the need for diversification in means of telecommunications:

.

37


TV ERROR COULD COST $70 MILLION

AUSTRALIA

Melbourne THE AGE in English 22 Aug 77 p 3

[Article by Phillip McCarthy]

[Text]

CANBERRA. — A planning error during the introduction of
television in Australia could cost up to $70 million to correct.

The mistake was made in 1959 when
cided to speed up development of tele vision
parts of the international FM band to TV.

The plan involved stations using channels
three, four and five.

A report accepted by the Labor Government in
1974 for the phased introduction of FM services
said the stations would now have to be relocated
on other parts of the broadcast spectrum.

The report also called for the relocation of air-
craft distance measuring equipment as a way of
bringin the use of the broadcast spectrum in
Australia back into line with world practice.

An interdepartmental committee which re-
cently reported to the Government on FM is believed
to have put the cost of the rationalisation at’ bet-
ween $20 million and $70 million.

: The Government has not yet decided whether
togoahead. ~~ : -

However the now defunct Australian Broad-
casting Contro] Board reported last year that a start
on the work was now necessary to avoid congestion
on the FM band.

The board completed the relocation of most of the
stations operating on channel five before it went out
of existence last year. ‘

However it said it could make no progress with
the more expensive process of relocating stations
on channels four aifd three because this depended
on moving the aircraft services.

It said that until the work was completed —
and it would take at least eight years — there would
be room for only eight FM stations each in Mel-
bourne and Sydney.

cso; 5500

the Menzies Government di-
in country areas by allotting

Intense lobby

The shortage is the main reason for the intense
lobbying of commercial radio stations at present
for preferential treatment in the initial allocation of
FM licences.

_ Government officials now concede that the 1959
decision on television services in rural areas was a
mistake.

The Government’s original plan for television,
formulate_in 1956, wot have left the inter
national FM band free. * . .

. But that plan was rejected after pressure from
the Country Party because it would have cost more
and taken longer to bring television to the country,

Last year officials estimated that about 25 per
cent of Australian homes got their television on
channels three, four or five,

The only alternative to moving the channeis
mone have been ¢ put FM radio on the ultra
igh frequen and as recommended by the cont:
board in 1972. ¥ the control

However the 1974 McLean report — now the
blueprint for the development of FM — estimated
that UHF-FM would have cost the consumer about
$200 million more than VHF-FM.

This was because no overseas-mad i
is designed for UHF. made equipment



{
:
;

ZAIRE

BRIEFS

PAN-AFRICAN COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM--The OAU Council of Ministers, meeting in
ordinary plenary session on Tuesday 28 June, confirmed the selection of
Kinshasa as site of the headquarters ofthe Pan-African telecommunications
system. The plenary session opened with the Plenipotentiary Conference chair-
man's report on the work of the conference on the Pan-African Telecommunica-
tions Union. The chairman indicated that the headquarters-site question
remained in suspense. At its 24th ordinary session in Addis Ababa in 1975,
the OAU Council of Ministers had agreed to establish the headquarters in Kin-
shasa. The Plenipotentiary Conference had then deemed it advisable to ques-
tion this decision and refer it to the present session. Thus on Tuesday the
OAU Council of Ministers simply confirmed the decision made by the 24th
session. Yesterday afternoon, the OAU Council of Ministers discussed the
important question of the organizational structure of this headquarters.
[Text] [Kinshasa ELIMA in French 30 Jun 77 pp 1, 7] 8041

cso: 5500

49



Money does not have a homeland but culture does. If we were now to per-
mit the completely uncoordinated broadcasting of programs, there is an
obvious danger that valuable programs will have to compete with light
entertainment, sports, and the like.

Moreover, commercial entertainment is not harmless. Its effects, espec-
ially in its idealization of sex and crime, are destructive. Furthermore,
how would questions of language be dealt with. It has turned out that even
in the exchange of programs between Denmark and Sweden within the frame-
work of Nordic vision it has become necessary to provide subtitles. The
difficulties are even greater as far as Finnish and Icelandic are concerned.

Pro

The argument concerning an increase in viewing hours does not exactly hold
true. Program hours will not increase to such a degree’ since the greatest
portion of the broadcasts will occur simultaneously. Only the opportunity
for selection will increase, which is only to the good.

As far'as the watching habits of children are concerned this should be
monitored hy the parents. The government has never been able to eliminate
problems through prohibitions. If parents take a lenient attitude toward
smoking, for example, then young people will be able to obtain tobacco
even though it is not sold to them in the stores.

Television falls within the jurisdiction of the home. Parents are much
more capable of supervision than a television company.

As far as the competition between "valuable programming" and entertainment
is concerned, a normal competitive situation prevails here.

The producers of so-called valuable programs will have to have the skill
and the ability to make the programs such that they will interest the
public.

If such programs are not watched, then this is an indication that they
have not been able to compile the programs in a sufficiently interesting
format.

Nordsat is a definite challenge to program producers.

As far as foreign programs are concerned it is clear that Nordsat will
force us to make premeditated procurements. It is not likely that, for
example, all the Nordic countries would purchase the same series if one
country has already acquired it and is broadcasting it. In this respect
also the number of selections will increase.

As far as language problems are concerned they can be resolved techni-
cally. It is completely possible to provide simultaneous subtitles in all
the languages of the Nordic countries and the viewer can select® the text
he desires by pushing a button.

55



JAPAN

BRIEFS

PHOTOFIBER CABLE DEVELOPMENT--Tokyo, 6 Sept--Posts and Telecommunications
Minister Jushiro Komiyama told the cabinet Tuesday he planned to actively
promote use of the photofiber cable developed by the Nippon Telegraph and
Telephone Public Corporation in an effort to save energy. Komiyama ex-
plained that light communication involves a large capacity circuit capable
of transmitting at one time several tens of thousands of telephone circuits
or several hundred television circuits and that its use is unlimited.
Besides, he said, it saves energy because fibers are used in place of copper
wires. According to the minister, a photofiber is a small metallic crystal
semiconductor which transmits signals through thin fibers by oscillating
laser beams. Since it can be made of silicon, which abounds on earth, its
use will go a long way toward conserving energy, he said. The corporation
plans to start experimenting with photofiber cable late this year. [Text]
{Tokyo KYODO in English 1046 GMT 6 Sep 77 OW]

cso: 5500



BIBLIOGRAPHIC OATA {1 Report No. gprs 69790 2. 3. Recipient's Accession No.
fa. Tile and Subticle 5. Report Date
TRANSLATIONS ON TELECOMMUNICATIONS POLICY, RESEARCH 14 September 1977
AND DEVELOPMENT, No. 13 : 6.
7. Author(s) 8. Performing Organization Repr.
' lo.
9. Performing Organization Name and Address 10. Project/Task/Work Unit No.
Joint Publications Research Service
1000 North Glebe Road TV. Contract /Grant No.
Arlington, Virginia 22201
12. Sponsoring Organization Name and Address 13. Type of Report & Period
Covered
As above
14.

15. Supplementary Notes

16. Abstracts

This serial report contains translations from the world press and radio relating
to worldwide political, economic and technical developments in telecommunications,
computers, and satellite communications. Coverage will be worldwide with focus
on France, Federal Republic of Germany, United Kingdom, Italy, Japan, the USSR,
People's Republic of China, Sweden, and the Netherlands.

17. Key Words and Document Analysis. 17a. Descriptors

Worldwide

Computers

Satellite Communications

Electronics and Electrical Engineering
Telecommunications

Telemetry

17b. Identifiers ‘Open-Ended Terms

We. COSATI Field/Group Q9B, C, F, 17B, 22B

18. Availability Statement 19. Security Class (This 21. No. of Pages
Unlimited Availability Report)
Sold by NTIS ' ecurity Class (This [22.
Springfield, Virginia 22151 We A ENCLASSIFIED

FORM NTISSS TREV. 7a)

THIS FORM MAY BE REPRODUCED uscommene 149sarh72



CUBA

NEW RADIO STATION FOR SANTA CRUZ DEL SUR
Havana JUVENTUD REBELDE in Spanish 29 Jun 77 p 2

LTextJA new radio broadcasting station installed in a building constructed
for that purpose will begin transmitting from Santa Cruz del Sur early in
July, it was reported by Francisco Rivero provincial director of the
People's Government Radio in Camaguey Province.

It will replace the one now existing in that municipality and it will be
completely operated by women, 17 of whom will perform the work of announcers,
operators, reporters and similar functions,

From the technical point of view, RADIO SANTA CRUZ will become the control
station for the province and will maintain programing in keeping with the
guidelines of the Cuban Institute of Radio and Television LICR

Six broadcasting stations operate in Camaguey Province located in the
municipalities of Guaimaro, Santa Cruz del Sur, Nuevitas, Florida and two
of them in the provincial capital.

Many projects aimed at improving the quality of transmissions have been
carried out in the province, such as the rehabilitation of a building for
RADIO RECTANGULO in Guaimaro, and a new recording studio in RADIO CADENA
AGRAMONTE,

"From the technical point of view," said Rivero, "the ICRT also operates
the station installed at the Provincial Pioneer Camp at Santa Lucia Beach
and using the technical equipment of RADIO CAMAUGY, it devotes a five
and one-half hour program to the children,

"The technicians and workers of the ICRT in general," he explained, "try
to broadcast all the activities which take place in the province, and
through correspondents, we send information of a national character to the

. NATLONAL RADIO NEWS PROGRAM and to RADIO RELOJ,

30



BULGARIA

CONSTRUCTION OF EARTH STATION FOR SPACE COMMUNICATIONS DELAYED
Sofia OTECHESTVEN FRONT in Bulgarian 24 Jul 77 p 1

[Article by A. Andreevski: "The Plan Is for an Earth Station for Outer
Space"]

[Text] Important deadlines for the completion of the first Bulgarian
earth space tracking station built on Plana Mountain have elapsed without
the station being able as yet to broadcast signals, for a great amount

of work remains to be done. The road leading to Planshtitsa has not been
asphalted yet and the cars transporting construction materials, equipment,
and workers frequently break down. Water-supplying facilities have not
been completed as well. However, the electric power supply remains the
biggest problem. The main power cable has not reached the site. All this
should have been ready a long time ago.

Currently the efforts of the construction troops of the unit commanded by
Senior Ltn Tonko Beloperchimov are focused on the administrative-service
building. It will contain the power distributors, diesel engines, offices,
rest premises for the servicing personnel, the cafeteria, the kitchen, and
others. The brigade headed by Kolyu Mitov has already built the casings
for the final reinforced concrete slab for the building. The unit headed
by Mitrushin Vladimirov is erecting the armature while the plasterers
headed by Aleksandur Rangelov are building and casting concrete on the areas
completed by the armature and casings builders. They are hastening to
catch up the time lost not by their fault. However, this is affecting the
quality of the work. Plastered ceilings are crumbling and many other
errors must be repaired.

One of the important deadlines--1 July--was missed. On that day the station
was scheduled to beam signals to outer space. Currently it can only receive
signals. The entire complex equipment delivered from the Soviet Union was
installed by the 14 Soviet specialists. Their leader, Eng Vladimir Sanin,
is very experienced. He has participated in the building of a number of
stations of the Orbita system in the Soviet Union, Mongolia, and Cuba.

18



NOTE

JPRS publications contain information primarily from foreign
newspapers, periodicals and books, but also from news agency
transmissions and broadcasts. Materials from foreign-language
sources are translated; those from English-language sources
are transcribed or reprinted, with the original phrasing and
other characteristics retained.

Headlines, editorial reports, and material enclosed in brackets
{] are supplied by JPRS. Processing indicators such as [Text]
or [Excerpt] in the first line of each item, or following the
last line of a brief, indicate how the original information was
processed. Where no processing indicator is given, the infor-
mation was summarized or extracted.

Unfamiliar names rendered phonetically or transliterated are
enclosed in parentheses. Words or names preceded by a ques-
tion mark and enclosed in parentheses were not clear in the
original but have been supplied as appropriate in context.
Other unattributed parenthetical notes within the body of an
item originate with the source. Times within items are as
given by source.

The contents of this publication in no way represent the poli-
cies, views or attitudes of the U.S. Government.

PROCUREMENT OF PUBLICATIONS

JPRS publications may be ordered from the National Technical
Information Service, Springfield, Virginia 22151. In order-
ing, it is recommended that the JPRS number, title, date and
author, if applicable, of publication be cited.

Current JPRS publications are announced in Government Reports
Announcements issued semi-monthly by the National Technical
Information Service, and are listed in the Monthly Catalog of
U.S. Government Publications issued by the Superintendent of
Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.
20402.

Indexes to this report (by keyword, author, personal names,
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Mansfield Road, Wooster, Ohio, 44691.

Correspondence pertaining to matters other than procurement
may be addressed to Joint Publications Research Service,
1000 North Glebe Road, Arlington, Virginia 22201.



as the paths of the trunklines of this network had been selected and without
waiting for the completion of detailed studies, the Mauritanian Government
developed the part that involved Mauritania, from Rosso (a city located on
the Senegal River at the border) to Akjoujt, via Nouakchott, This instal-
lation together with the reconstruction of the networks and the construction
of modern telephone exchanges in the three cities crossed made possible the
creation of the first high quality internal telephone and telex links, ‘The
mainstay of these links is an SMC 360 coaxial cable equipped with an SM
analog multiplex, with an effective capacity of 360 channels, ‘The project
was put into operation in November 1975,

Aware of the fact that the development of a telecommunications infrastructure
is an essential precondition for the country's economic and social progress,
the Mauritanian Government decided to continue its efforts to improve certain
national links, especially in the southern and southeastern areas of the
country, Because of the distances involved and the volume of the anticipated
traffic--which will be relatively small at first, it opted to use short wave
circuits,

This program now being put into operation will allow Nouakchott to be con-
nected with Nema and 'Ayoun El 'Atrous by telephone and telegraph, This
vital project necessitated the supplying and installation of 7 kilowatt
BLI transmitters, receivers, antennas, network connection gear, electrical
generators, etc,

In addition, less powerful single sideband radio facilities are being in-
stalled at Bogue, Atar, Tidjikdja, and Selibaby, The reunification of the
country has moreover led the OPT [Postal and Telecommunications Office] to
build a link of the same type with Dakhla,

Furthermore, JANUS automatic switches, already ordered, will equip the cities
of Bogue, Tidjikdja, 'Ayoun El 'Atrous and Nema, Each exchange has a 200
line capacity and may be expanded to 1,000 lines,

The list of projects in progress would not be complete if we did not mention
the doubling of the Nouakchott-Nouadhibou and Nouakchott-Paris circuits,
made necessary by the increase in telephone traffic, Error-correcting sys-
tems are planned. for the Paris telex and telegraph circuits to obtain the
realiability of service that the protected circuits give.

These projects are financed with ADB [African Development Bank] funds for
a total of 1,650,000 units of account. The Office's contribution amounts
to 45 million ouguiyas.

The last of these scheduled projects, the Rosso-Richard Toll microwave
circuit, will connect the Senegalese and Mauritanian national networks,

The contract in the process of being signed is to amount to 1 million francs,
including the suppliers-credits, The projects in the process of implemen-
tation hope to equip Mauritania with an absolutely vital infrastructure and

42



the organizations of associated labor of PTT communications and those of
the producers will be regulated over the longer term, but also directions
will be provided for quantitative factors in the production of each separate
type of equipment, That means that the contract will regulate the quanti-
tative balance of production for an important branch of the Yugoslav
economy,

The self-management agreement will be signed by all labor organizations of
PIT communications, by the Union of Yugoslav PTT Organizations, and by all
domestic producers of cables, telephone and telegraph exchanges, high
frequency and radio-relay instrument aggregates, batteries, telephone and
telex instruments and cable accessories, as well as by the installers,
Thus, for example, it is expected that by 1985 some 2,850,000 lines will
be provided for local telephone exchanges; 112,000 hookups for expanding
and building automatic long-distance and international telephone exchanges;
148,000 high frequency channels; 3,882,000 km of double cables for the
local telephone network; 35,000 hookups for telegraph exchanges; 22,000
telegraph channels; about 2,000 km of coaxial cable; 3,500,000 telephones;
and the corresponding amounts of cable accessories, diesel aggregates,
batteries for reserve power supplies, etc. This type of precise planning
between the organizations of associated labor that are directly involved
represents the essence of the system of self-management planning on the
level of the country as a whole,

Therefore, assuming approximate completion of the basic elements of the
Program for Development by 1985, on the basis of which the self-management
contract was prepared, domestic industry can know production in 1985 with
an accuracy of + 10 percent, not only in quantity but also in terms of
what systems will be produced and installed in the PTT network, It is
anticipated that in 1985 more than two-thirds of the new telephone and
telegraph hookups will be in semiautomatic and automatic systems,

This type of development of domestic industry as a whole will mean a
doubling of present capacities in 1985 in comparison to the status in 1976,
except for the cable industry where capacities are already nearly sufficient
and where, without major investments, by normal increases in labor produc-
tivity and modernization of existing facilities, domestic needs can be
supplied,

12131
cso: 2800

26



NEW TELEPHONE CONNECTIONS PLANNED FOR NEXT YEAR

Teheran TEHRAN JOURNAL in English 23 Aug 77 p 3

[Text]

TEHRAN — The Ministry of
Post, Telegraph and Telephon-
es (PTT) announced yesterday
that 220,000 new telephone con-
nections will be introduced in
Tehran and provincial cities dur-
ing the next Iranian year.
‘According to the latest avai-
lable figures, about 150,000 peo-
ple from Tehran and 70,000 from
provincial centers have their
names on waiting lists for tele-
phone hook-ups,

‘The ministry has revised its
policy so that new facilities
are being provided for the ins-
tallation of the fresh connec-
tions.

Using the most modern equip-

cso: 4820

ment and techniques available,
the ministry will be able to meet
present demands for provision
of 150,000 telephones in the
capital and extend the system
to provincial cities with "70,000
additional connections.

But informed sources have
suggested that the new methods
of installation will still not ‘be
able to cope with the ever-grow-
ing demand for telephones.

The PIT ministry has
revealed that certain parts of
Tehran will not receive new
telephone connections. These
areas inqude Shemiran, Zafar
Avenue, Karim Khane Zand,
Abbasabad, Tehran Now,
Saadi Avenue, Amirabad, Jam-

35

shidabad, Western Tehran, Za-
rab Khane, Majidiyeh Ishrat-
abad, Narmak, Farahabad and
Yousefabad.

According to plans issued
by the ministry, new telephones
will be provided in the areas
of Hafez, Tehran Pars, Daryae
Now, and Elizabeth Boulevard.

Provincial cities included on
the installation plan are Gorgan,
Do Gonbadan, Damghan, Tasouj
Shaheen Shahr, Semnan, Sabze-
war, Rudsar, Rasht, Ramsar, Ni-
shapour, Najafabad, Mehr Shabr,
Langroud, Korramabad, Ker-
man, Karaj, Elam, Homayoun
Shahr, Hamedan, Dezful, Bouro-
jerd, Behbahan, Kashan, Arda-
bil, Arak and Ahvaz,

IRAN



‘ i BULGARIA

GROUND-SPACE COMMUNICATIONS CENTER COMMISSIONED

AU221347Y Sofia TRUD in Bulgarian 18 Aug 77 p 2 AU : :
[Stoyan Bonev report: "A Bridge Through The Cosmos"]

{Excerpts} The constructors and fitters of the Bulgarian ground station for space
communications have made exceptionally great efforts to build a bridge through the
cosmos in order to broadcast the opening ceremony of the Universiada games. Not
only millions of people from our country but also many times more people in the
USSR, the socialist countries and distant Cuba will see and hear the ceremony,
The cosmic station has passed its first major test. Vast horizons for raising

communications and the exchange of radio and television programs to a new qualitative
level have opened up before our country.

CSO: 5500

21



ATDA SAYS RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT FUNDS BEING WASTED

Canberra THE AUSTRALIAN in English 15 Aug 77 p 13

[Text]

AUSTRALIA. of all
rezsonably develop-
ed nations. is at the
bottom of the list
for government-
funded industrial re-
search and devel-
opment. according
to the Australian
Telecommmunications
Developinent As-
sociation.

Tne ATDA said too
much money was spent
on R & D done by
government insiru-
mentalities. instead of
being channelled to.
industry in the form of
development contracts.

It made this claim in
its submission to the
Senate Standing Com-
mittee on Science and
the ironment's  in-
quiry into research and
development in Austra-
Ma,

‘The association says
in iis submission that
the technical and manu-
facturing capability and
capucity is at present
lower than it has teen
for many years.

The main causes for
this are:

THE economic recess-

SUBSTANTIALLY, re-
duced ordering of com-
munications equipment
by Telecom Australia

cso; 5500

and by government de-
Ppariments.

CURRENCY re-align-
ments together with
substantial tariff cuts,
followed by escalating
wage structure with the
resultant increase in im-
ports and the almost

complete cessation of
exports of electronic
equipment.

‘The ATDA said the
low point had come at
an inopportune time
because the industry is
in a period of very rapid
tecnnoiogica! change.
“The Industry, to re-
main abreas: of modern
technology, has had to
devore substantial _re-
sources 10 finance R &
D activitics and has also
been faced with very
substantial expenditure
plant and equip-
a spokesman

“Tne
available work has led

reauction = In

to extensive retrench-
ments resulting in a
considerable loss. of

technical expertise and
capacity.
“In the past three

years the industry has
reduced iis R & D staff
by about 30 per cent.

LITTLE VALUE

“The Australian In-
dustrial Research and
Development Grants
Schemes have been of

little value in arresting
this decline in technical
capability and particu-
Jarly as there has been
significant reduction by
the last two govern-
ments in the level of
grants payable.”

The association claims
that most government
Tesearch money }s being
spent in government
laboratories where the
Tesultant new tech-
nology, if any, has the
Jeast chance of being
applied for the nation’s
benefit.

The submissicn said
that Australian govern-
ment departments now
include over 25 different
research and develop-
ment laboratories, to-
gether spending some-
thing in the order of
$250 million per annum
ami employing 2 total of
approxymately 5200
scientists and engineers.
2500 of these are in tne
CSIRO.

Of that $250 millon,
only 30 per cent is
directed toward defence
projects.

The ATDA, is asking
the Senate committee
to recommend that an
increasing percentage of
R & D expenditure be
channelled to industry
in the form of develop-
ment contracts. These
should be let after com-
petitive tendering but it
was most important to

AUSTRALIA

realise the availability
to industry of such con-
tracts must be on a
continuing basis in order
that industry can estab-
sh and develop the
Necessary staffing and
Other facilities necessary
to discharge such con-
tracts.

The ATDA has drawn
on overseas experiences,
especially the United
States, to back up its
call for more private
industry involvement in
R&D.

In ‘the United States,
the Government funds
about 55 per cent of elec-
tronic R & D contracts.

In Australia, the per-
centage js extremely low
and the __ association
points out in the sub-
mission that: “It is this
type of work which most
frequently results in
major breakthroughs.”



Ostrobothnia:

1. entertainment programs
2. news

3. sports

4. all night movies

5. foreign all night movies

Lapland:

1. sports

2. entertainment programs
3. foreign all night movies
4. news

5. foreign serial programs
6. documentaries

In my opinion this study indicates that viewing habits as far as the type
of programs is concerned do not differ greatly from what people want to
see when they have only two channels at their disposal. It is doubtful
that the changes as far as the types of programs are concerned would be
very great when all of the channels of the Nordic countries will be avail-
able.

I am of the opinion that inasmuch as there is an excessive attempt to
direct viewing habits the consequence would be that the viewers would take
advantage of the opportunities of Nordsat. The intent is not that this
joint satellite would become just a transmitter of information for the
intellectual elite but a means by which the residents of the Nordic coun-
tries could follow one another's programs, particularly each other's, and
not those compiled by the supranational corporations.

In this connection I will not go into the other problems of Nordsat such

as legal and technical agreements. They are not in the final count that
decisive. Nor are they irresoluble.

10576
cso: 5500

57



to disenclose certain areas, but this endeavor is still inadequate in con-
sideration of the requirements of modern telecommunications and of a fully
automatic switching system--the goal that the office has established for

itself.

Therefore, the office finds it needs more stable and permanent circuits,
It also needs to be able to beam the short waves and to increase the use of
microwave links or of ground stations.

Making allowance for the special geographic and demographic circumstances
of the areas to be serviced, the first project adopted was for "the develop-
ment of telecommunications in the southern and southeastern regions of
Mauritania" while the second project selected was for "the expansion of
equipment in the northern zone and the improvement of the international
circuits.” The reasons for this choice are the following, The river area
is densely populated. It includes numerous built-up areas, fairly remote,
on an African scale, and which need very much to communicate with each other,
The economic development of this part of Mauritania, which is expected to
expand with the aid of irrigation projects--which are under study or being
implemented, can only suffer from the lack of sufficient resources in the
area of telecommunications, hence the choice of microwaves.

In the northern areas, however, the population is much more scattered and
is concentrated in villages very remote from one another and separated by
the desert. The lack of a road system and sources of energy would compli-
cate the installation and the maintenance of a microwave network, hence
the choice of the earth satellite [lasolution spatiale].

Brief description of the telecommunications development projects in the
Senegal River area

Because of the size of the planned constructions, the project has been divided
into three sections,

--First section: 1978-80.

--Putting into operation of a 960 channel interurban microwave trunk line
thus capable of conveying a video channel between Nouakchott, Aleg, Boque,
Kaedi, Selibaby, and Kiffa.

~-Installation of the local exchanges for Rosso and Kiffa (partially) and
the exchanges of Boque, Kaedi, Selibaby.

~-Neighborly connections with neighboring Senegal: Boque-Dadel, Kaedi-
Thiloghe, Gouraye-Bakel,

--Automation of the exchanges of: Kaedi (establishment of a CTR [Radio-
telegraph Communications Center], Selibaby, Kiffa.

--Expansion of interurban equipment in Nouakchott and Rosso,

--Automation of the local exchanges of Mederdra, Mbout, Boutilimit, Aleg,
Kankossa, and Maghama,

--Installation of the local manual exchanges of Babe and Mbagne,
--Installation of urban networks in Boque, Kaedi, Selibaby, Kiffa, Tidjikja,
‘Ayoun El 'Atrous, Nema, Boutilimit, Mederdra, Bababe, Mbagne, Mbout,
Kankossa, Maghama, Aleg,

43



--a 24-channel microwave link equipped with 12 of the 1 + 1 type, which will
operate the Fderick-Zouerate link,

--five automatic telephone exchanges in Nouadhibou, Atar, Zouerate, Dakhla,
and Fderick,

--the equipment necessary for the installation of the urban networks of
Dakhla, Atar, Zouerate, Fderick, and for the extension of the Nouadhibou

network,

The projected program is of the turnkey type and bidders are expected to
design connections among the transmissions, exchanges and networks, The
invitation for bids includes technical and residential buildings, primary
and secondary energy, the viability of the sites, and the development of
accesses, The total sum of the program is estimated at U.S.$22 million,
of which 45 percent is expected from FADES [expansion unknown].

Negotiations are in progress with the FAC [Aid and Cooperation Fund] and
the prospective suppliers for the remainder. Furthermore, Mauritania hopes
very much to be able to benefit from the services of a submarine cable
which would maintain international traffic in the case of a failure of the
satellite system and allow access in Africa, Europe, or South America.
Taking the project schedule into account, it was not possible to connect
with the Casablanca-Dakar cable, which has just been laid; but the govern-
ment is negotiating to obtain the landing at Nouakchott of another submarine
cable currently planned,

9064
cso: 5500

45



INDIA

BRIEFS

RADIO-TV STUDY GROUP--The government on 13 August announced the setting
up of an li-member working group to study the question of converting all-
India radio and television into autonomous bodies. It is being headed by
Mr B. G. Verghese, a noted journalist. The working group will examine the
functional, financial and legal aspects of the proposal on the pattern of
similar organizations in other democratic countries. It will also suggest
the form and the structure of these organizations and their relationship
with the government. The group is expected to submit its report in 3
months. [Delhi General Overseas Service in English 1000 GMT 13 Aug 77 BK]

cso: 5500