1

Department of Transportation

Office of Aviation Enforcement and Proceedings

)

)

American Airlines )     February 4, 2013

)  

Multiple Price Advertising Violations of   )

49 U.S.C. § 41712 and 14 CFR 399.84(a)   )

)   

‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ )

American Airlines staff and systems continue to mischaracterize carrier‐imposed surcharges as “tax” and

otherwise continue to violate DOT rules as to price advertising.  Recall my complaint of January 14, 2012

in which I demonstrated AA making these mischaracterizations as early as March 2011 (and likely

earlier).  Recall also my complaint of June 17, 2012, in which I demonstrated AA mischaracterizing fuel

surcharge as tax in telephone bookings of ordinary paid tickets, in telephone bookings of circle tickets, in

telephone bookings of award tickets, in reaccomodation after cancellation, and in AA.COM fare quotes.   

In this further complaint, I restate my outstanding complaints as to AA and provide evidence that these

and other violations are ongoing.

I hereby request that DOT docket this complaint as a request for DOT to exercise its authority under 49

USC 41712 to investigate and impose sanctions on American Airlines for the unfair and deceptive

practices described herein.

Ongoing Misrepresentations by American Airlines Telephone Representatives: Ordinary Paid Bookings

On June 26, 2012, I booked a ticket by telephone with an American Airlines telephone representative.  

(Itinerary: CDG‐BOS‐JFK‐SCL‐JFK‐BOS‐LHR‐CDG in business class.)  After confirming the desired flights,

discussion proceeded as follows:  

Edelman: Could you review the fare and tax?

Agent: Certainly.  OK, I'm showing that the fare in US dollars is 4828, and 708.20 taxes.

I have a digital recording of this call.1

  Contrary to the agent's statement, I believe the majority of the

$708.20 consists of carrier‐imposed fees, not "taxes."  (I reach that conclusion by cross‐checking the

itinerary with a near‐identical itinerary quoted via the ITA Matrix site, which itemizes applicable taxes

and carrier‐imposed surcharges.)  Note that this ticket includes only a single 216 mile segment on British

                                                            

1 Throughout, quotes are verbatim transcriptions from digital call recordings, except where otherwise indicated.  

AA’s automatic answering system authorized me to record the calls: “this call may be recorded.”  All call recordings

are posted to my public web site at http://www.benedelman.org/airfare‐advertising/americanairlines.html .
2

Airways – countering any suggestion that AA’s mischaracterizing of carrier‐imposed surcharges is limited

to travel wholly or substantially on BA.

Nor is this the first instance in which AA representatives have overstated the amount of “tax” on a paid

booking.  In April 2011, I contacted an AA telephone representative to book paid business class travel

BOS‐LHR‐CPH‐LHR‐DEL‐MUM‐BAH‐LHR‐CPH‐LHR‐BOS‐ORD‐SEA.  The agent orally quoted “tax” of

$792.10.  The e‐ticket confirmation and receipt was in accord, listing “tax” of that amount.  See

Attachment 1.  In fact, as best I can tell the majority of this amount is carrier‐imposed surcharge, not any

actual tax.  (Attachment 9 indicates that there were $502 of fuel surcharge at issue, albeit there

mischaracterized by an AA representative as “fuel tax collection” as discussed in the subsequent section

“AA Affirmatively Misrepresenting Its Practices In Response to Customer Inquiries.”)

No DOT rule has ever allowed an airline to mischaracterize carrier‐imposed surcharge as “tax,” neither

before purchase (e.g. in telephone fare quotes) or after the fact (in e‐ticket confirmation and receipt).  

AA’s statements in this regard were at all times false and unlawful.

Ongoing Misrepresentations by American Airlines Telephone Representatives: Circle Tickets

On February 10, 2012, I purchased a first class Circle Pacific ticket from the AA Around The World Desk

for my colleague D M   The agent quoted the fare and “tax.”  Mindful of the prospect of

carrier‐imposed surcharges mischaracterized as tax, I specifically asked the agent “Are those genuine

taxes, or fees?”  The agent replied: “Taxes.”  (These quotes are my recollections.  I was unable to record

this call, but I was thinking about taxes versus carrier‐imposed surcharges and I therefore noted the

agent’s statements with extra care.)  Via a subsequent written inquiry to AA Customer Relations, I

learned that the amount characterized as “tax” actually included $364 of “fuel surcharge.”  

To obtain further documentation of AA Around The World Desk staff mischaracterizing carrier‐imposed

surcharges as tax, on March 21, 2012 I requested a new ticket following the same itinerary Mr. M

booked.  On March 22 I called back (as instructed) to receive a fare quote.  (Circle fares require next‐day

fare quotes.)  The March 22 agent told me: “The base fare is 15204 even, the taxes are 669.03.”  Based

on my correspondence with AA Customer Relations as to the pricing of Mr. M s ticket, I am

confident that the quoted $669.03 of “taxes” included a fuel surcharge of more than $350.  I have a

recording of this call.  I made a digital call recording of this agent’s misrepresentation.

Ongoing Misrepresentations by American Airlines Telephone Representatives: Award Bookings

My January 14, 2012 complaint to DOT flagged the problem of AA mischaracterizing as “tax” certain

carrier‐imposed surcharges AA collects for award travel on BA.  My recollection is that AA telephone

representatives consistently mischaracterized these fees as “tax” (including in my personal bookings of

March 17, 2011 (“tax” of $311.50 per passenger on a ticket for JFK‐LHR‐SIN with the second segment on

BA) and May 30, 2011 (“tax” of $383.50 on BRU‐LHR‐DXB).  The contemporaneous AA receipts in each

instance list these amounts as “tax” (not “tax and carrier‐imposed surcharge” or the like).  See

Attachment 2.  I recall AA representatives in each instance using the simple word “tax” in the course of

quoting each of these fares.

AA Price Advertising Violations
3

I brought these historic award bookings to the attention of AA General Counsel Gary Kennedy and

requested a refund for the amounts wrongfully charged to me.  See Attachment 3.  In his letter of

January 11, 2012, Mr. Kennedy claimed that AA never made such misrepresentations prior to

consumers’ purchase; he argued that any misrepresentations occurred only after purchase (e.g. in

passenger receipts) and therefore could not influence customers’ decisions to book.   See Attachment 4.  

Mr. Kennedy’s claim was inconsistent with my personal experience.  To rebut his claim, I made a series

of recorded test calls including calls of January 14, 2012, March 21, 2012, and July 13, 2012.  In each call,

AA telephone representatives falsely quoted “tax” that was actually a carrier‐imposed surcharge.  

Below, I quote verbatim from these calls (with emphasis added to mark agents’ false statements):  

January 14, 2012:

AA recording: Welcome to the Advantage Executive Platinum Desk!  This call may be recorded.

Agent: American Airlines, Executive Desk.

Edelman: Yes, wanted to make a reservation for new award travel.

Agent: Alright, where would you like to go?

Edelman: From Boston to London, Heathrow.

Agent: On what date?

...

Edelman: March 13th

Agent: March 13th, okay.

Edelman: I'd like to do it on First class, so it'll be on BA please.

Agent: All right.  ...  It's for how many? Two?

Edelman: Just for me.

Agent: And what's your return date?

Edelman: March 13th for the outbound.

Agent: Right.

Edelman: And March 20th for the return.

Agent: All right, round trip in first class. It's going to be a total of 125 thousand miles and it's

giving me taxes of $938.80.

March 21, 2012:

AA recording: Welcome to the Advantage Executive Platinum Desk!  This call may be recorded.

Agent: American Airlines.

Edelman: Yes, for a new award travel.

Agent: Yes, I can help you Mr.Edelman.

Edelman: From Boston to London.

Edelman: Date of travel, May 22nd.

Agent: 22nd May, how many passengers?

Edelman: Just one, myself.

AA Price Advertising Violations
4

Agent: What cabin?

Edelman: First class please.

...

Agent: Okay, from Boston to London, I have the economy and business, unless you are looking

at the BA flights. They have First class on them.

Edelman: BA would be great, thank you!

Agent: Is this for oneway or roundtrip?

Edelman: One way.

Agent: Okay, so we are looking at 62,500 miles one way, taxes $347.70. And is this going to be

for yourself?

Edelman: Yes for me.

Agent: All right.

July 13, 2012:

AA recording: This call may be recorded.

Agent: American Airlines, Executive Platinum Desk ...

Edelman: Yes, for new award travel, from Boston to London.

Agent: Travel on what day?  

Edelman: On August 9th, in First please.

Agent: So you've (inaudible) First? Hold on. How many passengers traveling?

Edelman: Just one.

Agent: And return?

Edelman: Just the one way would be great.

...

Agent: You're looking at $347.70 in taxes, which credit card did you want to use?

To confirm that these misrepresentations are ongoing, I performed a further test call on January 19,

2013:

AA recording: Welcome to the Advantage Executive Platinum Desk!  This call may be recorded.

Agent: American Airlines, Executive Platinum

Edelman: Yes, for a new award travel for myself.

Agent: Umm‐hmm.

Edelman: From Boston to London, in First class please.

Agent: Okay, for which day please?

Edelman: September 1st.

Agent: September 1st, First class award ticket.  One moment.

Edelman: I think BA has the non‐stop there, so that would be great.

Agent: Okay, no problem sir.

Agent: When are you planning to come back from London to Boston?

AA Price Advertising Violations
5

Edelman: September 5th please.

Agent: And also, with the BA flight also?

Edelman: Yes, please.

Agent: And I do have a mile saver. It is sixty two and a half [thousand] each way, so total miles

would be 125,000, and you do have, you know, paying some tax on this, it is $1156.20.

As best I can tell, in each test call, agents falsely quoted “tax” that was actually a carrier‐imposed

surcharge. For example, in the January 19, 2013 test call, AA seeks to collect a fuel surcharge of $414 in

each direction (for BOS‐LHR travel in business class or first class). Thus, $828 of the $1156.20 is not

genuine “tax” but carrier‐imposed surcharge – fully 71.6% of the specified “tax.”  The prior test calls

were similar in agents’ falsely quoting “tax” that was actually a carrier‐imposed surcharge.2

Ongoing Misrepresentations by American Airlines Telephone Representatives: Reaccommodation

After Cancellation

My June 17, 2012 complaint reported numerous consumers reporting AA telephone representatives

mischaracterizing carrier‐imposed surcharges as “tax” in the course of providing reaccommodation after

flight cancellation.  I subsequently interviewed some of these consumers by email and telephone.  They

systematically report AA staff using the word “tax” to describe the additional amounts payable.

Since my June complaint, there have been additional cancellations and downgrades in the AA network,

giving rise to further cancellations and recommendation on BA.  For example, during fall 2012, AA

cancelled all of its flights to Belgium.  Multiple consumers report that AA telephone representatives

have sought to collect additional “tax” when reaccomodating affected passengers on BA.  For example,

in a public message posted in September 2012, one consumer reported that AA representatives

“want[ed] to charge me the BA taxes even though they [AA] cancelled the flights.”  This consumer’s

message specifically indicates that AA representatives used the exact word “tax” in describing the

additional amount payable.

Similarly, during fall 2012, AA permanently downgraded an ORD‐LHR flight from 777 to 763, removing

the First Class cabin of service.  For a First Class passenger seeking reaccomodation on a BA flight ORD‐

LHR in the same class of service that AA originally ticketed and confirmed, AA representatives (both an

initial agent and a supervisor) told the passenger that additional “tax” was payable for travel on BA.  I

interviewed this passenger and specifically confirmed that AA representatives used the exact word “tax”

in describing the additional amount payable.

Recall also the multiple similar reports, from multiple independent consumers, that I conveyed in my

complaint of July 17, 2012, including passengers affected by cancellation of service ORD‐DEL, JFK‐BUD,

and MAD‐JNB, in each instance reaccomodated on British Airways but in each instance required by AA

to pay a substantial “tax” for that alternative routing.  I interviewed various affected consumers and

found experiences similar to that described above.

                                                            

2 Recordings of all of these calls are posted to my public web site at http://www.benedelman.org/airfare‐

advertising/americanairlines.html .

AA Price Advertising Violations
6

I do not know whether AA would be within its rights to require that a customer pays a carrier‐imposed

surcharge when a customer is rebooked on British Airways as a result of a flight cancellation or removal

of the class of service for which the customer holds a ticket and confirmed reservation.  But I am

confident that AA may not mischaracterize BA‐imposed surcharges as “tax” in the course of a

reaccomodation.    

Ongoing Misrepresentation by Around‐The‐World Booking of Carrier‐Imposed Surcharges as “Tax” –

for Tickets Issued by AA

AA advertises around‐the‐world air travel via the tool at http://rtw.oneworld.com/ .  This tool

systematically mischaracterizes carrier‐imposed surcharges as “tax.”  These amounts can be substantial

– regularly more than $1000 on a single ticket, and I believe in some instances more than $2000.

If a passenger chooses an itinerary with the first segment on AA, AA charges the customer’s credit card

and issues the entire ticket.  According to a statement within the booking tool, AA also serves as the

ticketing airline if the first segment is on JL, JO, RJ, or S7.  (See http://www.oneworld.com/flights/plan‐

book‐online/?faqOnly=1  at heading “FAQ” – “Who is my ticketing airline?”)

I have quoted a variety of around‐the‐world tickets using this tool.  For example, on January 21, 2013, I

quoted a coach ticket JFK‐LHR‐DXB‐LHR‐ARN‐LHR‐SIN‐HKG‐NRT‐HKG‐YVR with the first segment on AA.  

Taxes were quoted at $1222.16 USD.  See Attachment 5.  I clicked the “Proceed” button and received

the lengthy itinerary and fare quote shown in Attachment 6, reiterating the $1,222.16 quote of “Taxes.”

There, the word “Taxes” appeared as a hyperlink.  I clicked this link, receiving the itemization in

Attachment 7.  The top three lines of that itemization report “Tax description unavailable (YRVB)” of

$200, “Airline Fuel Surcharge” of $559, and “Multiple Surcharges” of $213,

As best I can tell there are no actual government taxes totaling the $1222.16 “tax” charged on this

itinerary.  Rather, I believe the majority of the $1,222.16 “tax” – specifically, the $200, $559, and $213

characterized as “tax description unavailable” and “surcharge” – are actually carrier‐imposed

surcharges.  Thus, 79.5% of the $1,222.16 “tax” is not actually tax but rather carrier‐imposed surcharge.

Crucially, the initial disclosures (as shown in Attachments 5 and 6) mischaracterize the amounts at issue

as “taxes”, not “taxes and surcharges” or the like.  Moreover, every user using this booking tool must

see the screens in Attachments 5 and 6; in contrast, the information in Attachment 7 is shown only if

users specifically click the “Taxes” hyperlink to view details.  Thus, even though Attachment 7 describes

the surcharges within a page entitled “taxes and surcharges information”, most users are unlikely to see

this screen.  Moreover, the “and surcharges” label appears only in HTML title, not in page text –

insufficiently prominent to cure the false statements made previously.  Indeed, at the same time that

the “taxes and surcharges” label appears at the top of the page (indicating that some of the listed

charges are “surcharges” rather than taxes), the wording “TaxBreakdownPopUp” appears immediately

below (in the popup’s URL bar), again falsely indicating that everything in the listing is a “tax.”  Even

more galling, the top line item “tax description unavailable” indicates that the $200 there at issue is a

“tax” when in fact it is a carrier‐imposed surcharge – compounding and furthering the

misrepresentation.  Finally, even on the most favorable view, the statements in Attachment 7 still fall

short of applicable DOT rules: Note the absence of the crucial words “carrier‐imposed” as well as the

AA Price Advertising Violations
7

failure to include statements substantiating the surcharge amounts (“On average our passengers paid...”

or similar).  These omissions are in sharp contrast to the requirements of Additional Guidance on

Airfare/Air Tour Price Advertisements

(http://airconsumer.dot.gov/rules/Notice.Taxes.fees.sam.dl.13.website.pdf ).

Fuel Surcharges of Impermissible Amounts and Not Supported with Required Calculations

Historically, to the extent that AA has accurately characterized carrier‐imposed surcharges associated

with travel on British Airways, AA has called these amounts “fuel surcharges.” See e.g. the web page

quoted within Gary Kennedy’s January 11, 2012 letter to me (Attachment 4): “How much is the British

Airways fuel surcharge?”, “Is the British Airways fuel surcharge refundable if I cancel my plans?”, “The

U.S. government has determined that collection of a fuel surcharge makes award tickets subject to

certain taxes” (emphasis added).  But the surcharge at issue was not a reasonable estimate of the per‐

passenger fuel costs incurred by the carrier above some baseline.  See the evidence in my companion

complaint, “complaint as to price advertising violations by British Airways.”

The DOT has instructed that airlines must substantiate fuel surcharges with statements supporting the

surcharge amounts.  Specifically, the DOT instructs: “For example, descriptions such as the following

would be acceptable: ‘Fare includes a fuel surcharge.   On average our passengers paid $xx.xx more for

fuel during 2011 in their ticket price than they did in 2000;’ or ‘Fares include a charge for fuel.  On

average in 2011 our passengers paid $xx.xx for fuel as a part of their ticket price.’”  See Additional

Guidance on Airfare/Air Tour Price Advertisements (available at

http://airconsumer.dot.gov/rules/Notice.Taxes.fees.sam.dl.13.website.pdf ).

At present, it seems AA sometimes characterizes the surcharge at issue as “carrier‐imposed fees”

without a comment as to the reason for such fees (i.e. no reference to “fuel”).  However, at any time

when AA used the label “fuel surcharge” to describe these fees, I believe even that term was

impermissible in that the fees at issue were not reasonable estimates of per‐passenger fuel costs above

a baseline.  I believe that term was further impermissible in that AA has never provided the required

calculation as to the basis of the calculation.  Furthermore, as I present in the section “Ongoing

Misrepresentation by Around‐The‐World Booking of Carrier‐Imposed Surcharges as “Tax” – for Tickets

Issued by AA”, in some instances (including around‐the‐world bookings), AA continues to use the label

“airline fuel surcharge” to characterize a portion of the carrier‐imposed surcharges at issue.

AA Affirmatively Misrepresents Its Practices In Response to Customer Inquiries

I am particularly alarmed to see AA staff affirmatively misrepresenting the carrier’s practices vis‐à‐vis

carrier‐imposed surcharges in response to customer inquiries.  These misrepresentations have the

inevitable and intended effect of deterring consumers from uncovering and pursuing valid claims against

AA.

I began my investigation of AA surcharge collection by contacting AA Customer Relations.  In an

electronic inquiry through AA.COM, I noted unexpectedly large tax on several recent tickets.  (See

Attachment 8.)  An AA customer service representative replied with an itemization of “fuel tax collection

by British Airways” on the specified itineraries.  See Attachment 9.  Of course there was never any “fuel

tax” in that amount; instead, the AA representative gave this false designation to a carrier‐imposed

AA Price Advertising Violations
8

surcharge.  The natural effect of this misrepresentation, and I believe the intended effect, was to deter a

customer from further investigating a violation by AA.

My colleague S C recently redeemed AA miles for award travel in part on British Airways.  

Aware of the issue flagged in this complaint based on his personal discussions with me, Mr. C

objected when the AA telephone agent characterized a large charge as “tax.”  Specifically, Mr. C

recalls making roughly the following statement to the agent: “You should clarify to customers that only a

portion of those charges are a tax, while most of them are discretionary charges that BA/AA elects to

collect from its members. I imagine you have weekly meetings during which you speak with your

supervisors about customer feedback, you might warn them that this may be putting AA at risk of a

lawsuit.”  Mr. C is confident that he was polite and nonconfrontational in this remark.  Mr. C

reports that the agent replied roughly “I can’t talk to you with this attitude” and disconnected his call

without assisting him further.

Even routine discussions with AA telephone representatives include misrepresentations of carrier

surcharge as “tax” in response to customer inquiries.  For example, in section “Ongoing

Misrepresentations by American Airlines Telephone Representatives: Circle Tickets” above, I noted a

large “tax” quote on a circle ticket; I asked the agent “Are those genuine taxes, or fees?” and the agent

replied: “Taxes.”  Of the consumers I interviewed who had suffered cancellations and reaccomodation

on BA, at least one had spoken with a supervisor, and affected consumers tell me that AA

representatives and supervisors universally used the word “tax” in characterizing the fees at issue.

AA Telephone Representatives Fail to Disclose All Applicable Fees in the First Fare Quote

AA telephone representatives are failing to comply with the DOT’s requirement that “the first price

quote presented must be the full price, including all taxes, fees and all carrier surcharges” (emphasis

added).  See “Additional Guidance on Airfare/Air Tour Price Advertisements”

(http://airconsumer.ost.dot.gov/rules/Notice.Taxes.fees.sam.dl.13.website.pdf), restating and clarifying

14 CFR 399.84 which was amended, effective January 26, 2012, to allow only those airfare quotes where

“the price stated is the entire price to be paid” (emphasis added) and disallowing any quotes where

additional compulsory charges are omitted.   

On or about May 15, 2012, I called AA telephone reservations (Executive Platinum desk) to make an

award reservation for award travel for relatives.  At the conclusion of that call, an agent advised me of

the required miles and applicable taxes ($5 per person).  The agent mentioned no ticketing fee or other

required fees.  When I later called back to ticket the reservation, the agent noted a compulsory

telephone ticketing fee of $25 per passenger.  Unfortunately I do not have recordings of these calls.   

In subsequent correspondence with AA, I flagged the DOT rules noted above, noted that the telephone

ticketing fee was invalid because it was not disclosed in the first price quote, and asked that the

ticketing fee be refunded.  See Attachment 10.  In a written reply, AA declined to refund the fee and

attempted to recast the dispute as whether or not I was “made aware of the ticketing charge prior to

the issuance of the ticket.”  See Attachment 11.  It is true that the second AA representative mentioned

the fee, so the fee was made known prior to my purchase of the ticket (as AA argues), but that is

AA Price Advertising Violations
9

irrelevant under DOT rules: Under the authority cited in the preceding paragraph, AA must disclose

applicable required fees in the first fare quote.   

AA has never denied that the first telephone agent said nothing of any telephone booking fee.  Under

the new regulation, any fees not included in the first fare quote are impermissible and unlawful – a

point which I capably conveyed to AA, including with a full document title, relevant verbatim quote,

publicly‐available URL, and concise summary.  Nonetheless, to date AA has refused to refund this fee.

(Irrelevant for present purposes, but apparent in Attachments 10 and 11: This dispute arises out of a

redemption of miles from my wife’s AA frequent flier account.  But I made the booking myself, with her

authorization.  I report the relevant facts of the booking, including AA’s statements and omissions,

based on my personal first‐hand knowledge.)

AA Counsel Mischaracterize Applicable DOT Requirements

I initially alerted AA to these violations in a December 31, 2011 letter to Gary Kennedy (Attachment 3).  

My further correspondence with AA consists of Mr. Kennedy’s reply of January 11, 2012 (Attachment 4),

my reply of March 25, 2012 (Attachment 12), a reply from AA Associate General Counsel Carl Nelson of

June 26, 2012 (Attachment 13), and my final reply of June 29, 2012 (Attachment 14).   

Mr. Nelson’s letter is particularly notable in that it affirmatively mischaracterizes applicable DOT policy.  

In response to my showing of AA staff mischaracterizing carrier‐imposed surcharges as “tax,” prior to

purchase, Mr. Nelson cites DOT February 21, 2012 guidance and argues that this guidance became

effective after my March 25 letter – attempting to use the DOT guidance (and its delayed effective date)

as a barrier to liability to a consumer for AA’s prior unlawful actions.   

AA’s reliance on the DOT's February 21 guidance is misplaced.  Nothing in that guidance permitted AA to

mischaracterize carrier‐imposed surcharges as "tax" at any time ‐‐ neither before nor after the effective

date of the February 21 guidance.  Indeed, the DOT's February 21 notice explicitly confirms the

impropriety of the practices that prompted me to write: "Such displays were deceptive and in violation

of section 41712" (emphasis added) – indicating that the false statements were unlawful when made,

not that the statements would become unlawful only as of some future date.  Mr. Nelson also

mischaracterizes the 60‐day period referenced in the DOT’s notice.  The notice clearly indicates that the

delay applies only to commencement of DOT enforcement action: “The office will provide ... 60 days

[delay] ... before instituting enforcement action.”  In particular, the 60‐day period in no way cures

liability for prior unlawful conduct.  A consumer with a valid claim, as to unlawful practices occurring

before or after April 21, simply is not hindered from bringing that claim by reason of the DOT's decision

not to institute enforcement action until that date.  AA should not have argued anything the contrary.

Resolution

I ask that the Department of Transportation:

(1) Exercise its authority under  49 USC 41712 to open an investigation of American Airlines for having

engaged in, and continuing to engage in, the unfair or deceptive practices described above;

AA Price Advertising Violations
10

(2) Order American Airlines to refund to ticket purchasers all monies represented to ticket purchasers as

"taxes" or government‐imposed fees, but not actually remitted to governments;

(3) Impose appropriate civil penalties on American Airlines;

(4) Refer this matter to appropriate US and foreign tax collection agencies for investigation of possible

tax fraud or other violations of tax law in non‐payment to governments of monies collected as “taxes” or

government‐imposed fees; and

(5) Issue any guidance or revised regulations needed to clarify to other airlines and ticket agents, and to

preclude any future claim of ambiguity, that these practices are unfair and deceptive in violation of 49

USC 41712.

Aggravating Factors

In setting a penalty against American Airlines for this conduct, I urge the Department to consider the

following aggravating factors, each of which calls for a larger penalty:

a) The sophistication and size of American Airlines.

b) The nature and extent of the violations, specifically that AA has mischaracterized fuel surcharge as

“tax” for at least 22 months (starting in March 2011, per Attachment 1 to my December 31, 2011

complaint to Gary Kennedy, or perhaps earlier; continuing through the present).  

c) The fact that AA continued to mischaracterize fuel surcharge as “tax” even 11 months after the DOT’s

February 21, 2012 notice specifically reminded carriers that they must never do so.

d) The scope of AA’s misrepresentations spanning the full gamut of AA’s customer‐facing operations

including telephone bookings of ordinary paid tickets, telephone bookings of circle tickets, telephone

bookings of award tickets, reaccomodation after cancellation, AA.COM fare quotes, and online around‐

the‐world fare quotes.

e) Intentional concealment, in that multiple AA representatives mischaracterized fuel surcharge as “tax”

in multiple inquiries by individual consumers.

f) The fact that AA counsel falsely claimed that the misrepresentations at issue occurred only after a

consumer made a purchase (Kennedy letter of January 11, 2012).

g) The fact that AA counsel mischaracterized the DOT’s February 21, 2012 notice as in some way

permitting carriers to mischaracterize fuel surcharge as “tax” until 60 days after that notice (Nelson

letter of June 26, 2012).

   

AA Price Advertising Violations
11

h) AA’s repeated refusal to refund amounts mischaracterized to me, despite my specific written request

supported by compelling documentation and proof.

Submitted February 4 2013,

/s/

Benjamin Edelman

AA Price Advertising Violations
Attachment 1

12

From: 

Sent: Wednesday, April 20, 2011 4:29 PM 

To:

Subject: E-Ticket ConfirmationDate of Issue: 20APR11 

Benjamin G Edelman: 

Thank you for choosing American Airlines / American Eagle, a member of the 

oneworld® Alliance. Below are your itinerary and receipt for the ticket(s) 

purchased. Please print and retain this document for use throughout your trip. 

Record Locator: L 

You may check in and obtain your boarding pass for U.S. domestic electronic tickets 

within 24 hours of your flight time online at AA.com by using www.aa.com/checkin or 

at a Self-Service Check-In machine at the airport. Check-in options may be found 

at www.aa.com/options. For information regarding American Airlines checked 

baggage policies, please visit www.aa.com/baggageinfo. For faster check-in at 

the airport, scan the barcode at any AA Self-Service machine. 

You must present a government-issue photo ID and either your boarding pass or a 

priority verification card at the security screening checkpoint. 

Record Locator: 

AA Price Advertising Violations
Attachment 1 (continued)

13

Carrier Flight 

Number

Departing Arriving Booking 

Code City Date & Time City Time 

American Airlines 

 BOSTON LONDON 

HEATHROW D 

 Benjamin Edelman Business Seat 2E Dinner/Continental

British Airways 

LONDON 

HEATHROW COPENHAGEN D 

 Benjamin Edelman Club Exc 

British Airways 

 COPENHAGEN LONDON 

HEATHROW D 

 Benjamin Edelman Club Exc 

British Airways 

LONDON 

HEATHROW DELHI D 

 Benjamin Edelman Club Exc 

Kingfisher 

 DELHI MUMBAI D 

 Benjamin Edelman Business Breakfast 

Jet Airways 

 MUMBAI BAHRAIN I 

 Benjamin Edelman Business Dinner 

British Airways 

 BAHRAIN LONDON 

HEATHROW D 

 Benjamin Edelman Club Exc 

British Airways 

LONDON 

HEATHROW COPENHAGEN D 

 Benjamin Edelman Club Exc 

British Airways 

 COPENHAGEN LONDON 

HEATHROW 3:00 PM D 

 Benjamin Edelman Club Exc 

American Airlines 

LONDON 

HEATHROW BOSTON D 

 Benjamin Edelman Business Seat 3B Dinner/Snack 

 BOSTON CHICAGO OHARE A 

AA Price Advertising Violations
Attachment 1 (continued)

14

American Airlines Benjamin Edelman First Cl Seat 4B Breakfast 

American Airlines 

 CHICAGO OHARE SEATTLE TACOMA A 

 Benjamin Edelman First Cl Seat 4B Breakfast 

PASSENGER 

BENJAMIN EDELMAN 

TICKET NUMBER FARE-USD

6463.00 

TAX

792.10 

TICKET TOTAL

7255.10 

Payment Type: Total: $7255.10

AA Price Advertising Violations
Attachment 2

15

From: 

Sent: Monday, May 30, 2011 8:26 AM 

To:

Subject: E-Ticket ConfirmationDate of Issue: 30MAY11 

Benjamin G Edelman: 

Thank you for choosing American Airlines / American Eagle, a member of the 

oneworld® Alliance. Below are your itinerary and receipt for the ticket(s) 

purchased. Please print and retain this document for use throughout your trip. 

Record Locator: 

You may check in and obtain your boarding pass for U.S. domestic electronic tickets 

within 24 hours of your flight time online at AA.com by using www.aa.com/checkin or 

at a Self-Service Check-In machine at the airport. Check-in options may be found 

at www.aa.com/options. For information regarding American Airlines checked 

baggage policies, please visit www.aa.com/baggageinfo. For faster check-in at 

the airport, scan the barcode at any AA Self-Service machine. 

You must present a government-issue photo ID and either your boarding pass or a 

priority verification card at the security screening checkpoint. 

AA Price Advertising Violations
Attachment 2 (continued)

16

Record Locator: 

Carrier Flight 

Number

Departing Arriving Booking 

Code City Date & Time City Time 

British Airways 

 BRUSSELS LONDON 

HEATHROW U 

 Benjamin Edelman FF#: 

EXP Club Exc 

British Airways 

1 LONDON 

HEATHROW DUBAI U 

 Benjamin Edelman FF#: 

EXP Club Exc 

PASSENGER 

BENJAMIN EDELMAN 

TICKET NUMBER FARE-USD

0 

TAX

383.50 

TICKET TOTAL

383.50 

Payment Type: Total: $383.50

   

AA Price Advertising Violations
Attachment 2 (continued)

17

From: 

Sent: Thursday, March 17, 2011 5:30 AM 

To:

Subject: E-Ticket ConfirmationDate of Issue: 17MAR11 

Benjamin G Edelman: 

Thank you for choosing American Airlines / American Eagle, a member of the 

oneworld® Alliance. Below are your itinerary and receipt for the ticket(s) 

purchased. Please print and retain this document for use throughout your trip. 

Record Locator: 

You may check in and obtain your boarding pass for U.S. domestic electronic tickets 

within 24 hours of your flight time online at AA.com by using www.aa.com/checkin or 

at a Self-Service Check-In machine at the airport. Check-in options may be found 

at www.aa.com/options. For information regarding American Airlines checked 

baggage policies, please visit www.aa.com/baggageinfo. For faster check-in at 

the airport, scan the barcode at any AA Self-Service machine. 

You must present a government-issue photo ID and either your boarding pass or a 

priority verification card at the security screening checkpoint. 

Record Locator: 

AA Price Advertising Violations
Attachment 2 (continued)

18

Carrier Flight 

Number

Departing Arriving Booking 

Code City Date & Time City Time 

American Airlines 

 NEW YORK JFK LONDON 

HEATHROW T 

 Benjamin Edelman FF#: 

EXP Economy Seat 22H Breakfast/Snack 

 S K FF#: 

PLT Economy Seat 22J Breakfast/Snack 

British Airways 

LONDON 

HEATHROW SINGAPORE Z 

 Benjamin Edelman FF#: 

EXP First Cl 

 S K FF#: 

PLT First Cl 

PASSENGER 

BENJAMIN EDELMAN 

S K 

TICKET NUMBER FARE-USD

0 

0 

TAX

311.50 

311.50 

TICKET TOTAL

311.50 

311.50 

Payment Type: Total: $623.00

AA Price Advertising Violations
Attachment 3 (omitting internal attachments)

19

       December 31, 2011

Gary F. Kennedy

Senior Vice President and General Counsel, American Airlines

by email:

RE: carrier‐imposed fuel surcharges listed as “tax” on AA Electronic Ticket Receipts

Mr. Kennedy,

I recently noticed unexpectedly large amounts in the “tax” section of some of my AA Electronic Ticket

Receipts.  See Attachment 1 for three examples.

Curious at the basis of these large taxes, I inquired with American Airlines customer service via email.  I

was provided with an itemization of the amounts in the respective “tax” boxes.  See Attachment 2.  As

that correspondence indicates, the agent told me I had been charged “fuel tax collection by British

Airways” of $309.60, $251 (for each of two passengers), and $502.

I am not familiar with any bona fide government tax called a “fuel tax collection.”  I believe the specified

amounts are ordinarily known as “fuel surcharges” (not “fuel tax”).  I understand that fuel surcharges

are set by carriers and are not required by, nor remitted to, any government, regulator, or airline.  

Whatever the merits of fuel surcharges, I believe these charges are not “tax” and may not permissibly be

described to customers as “tax,” nor may they be listed in the “tax” section of a ticket receipt.   

I have carefully reviewed disclosures, on AA.COM and in the electronic receipts, in search of any

mention that AA intends the word “tax” to include carrier‐imposed surcharges.  (Of course I question

whether any such disclosure would be valid, but I wanted to see whether such disclosure even exists.)  I

found none.  I did find the popup shown in Attachment 3, but notice its distinction between “Fares”

(which are said to include “Base fare and carrier‐imposes surcharges”) versus “Additional government‐

imposed taxes and fees.”  I believe the fuel surcharge here at issue is a perfect example of a carrier‐

imposed surcharge that should have been listed in the “fare” section, not in the “tax” section.  

Meanwhile, AA’s International Tariff (section AA1‐0040AA) is in accord, describing tax as “Any tax or

other charge imposed by government authority and collectable from a passenger” – a definition not

satisfied by a carrier‐imposed fuel surcharge.   

I believe it would be an unfair and deceptive practice, within the meaning of 49 USC §41712, to label as

“tax” a fee that is not required by any law or regulation, and that is not remitted to any government,

airport, or similar authority.  I believe the proper course of action in such a circumstance is, at the least,

to provide a refund to any affected consumer upon that consumer’s written request.  This letter

constitutes my request.  You may send a refund check to the address shown above.  Alternatively, if you

believe the charge is lawful, I look forward to the reasoning supporting that view.

Regards,

Benjamin Edelman

AA Price Advertising Violations
Attachment 4

AA Price Advertising Violations

20
Attachment 4 (continued)

21

   

AA Price Advertising Violations
Attachment 4 (continued)

AA Price Advertising Violations

22
Attachment 5

AA Price Advertising Violations

23
Attachment 6

AA Price Advertising Violations

24
Attachment 7

AA Price Advertising Violations

25
Attachment 8

26

Greetings,

Reviewing my recent electronic ticket receipts from AA, I noticed three itineraries with unexpectedly

large entries in the “tax” box: ($383.50 of tax on an award ticket),

($311.50/person tax on two award tickets) and ($792.10 of

tax on a paid business class ticket).   

Unfortunately, AA electronic ticket receipts do not itemize the taxes charged, making it difficult for me

to confirm that the billed amounts are in fact correct.  Please provide a breakdown of the “taxes” listed

above – which governments, airports, or other authorities charged which amounts.  

Thank you,

Ben Edelman

AA Price Advertising Violations
Attachment 9

27

From: 

Sent: Tuesday, December 27, 2011 8:13 AM 

To:

Subject: Your Response From American Airlines 

December 27, 2011 

Dear Mr. Edelman: 

Thank you for contacting Customer Relations. We are pleased to provide details regarding the tax 

collections on your tickets. 

Ticket has a $309.60 fuel tax collection by British Airways, a $36.90 tax collected by 

Belgium which they refer to as a Passenger Service and Security Charge and a $37 Great Britian 

International Departure Tax for London's Heathrow. 

Ticket has a $251 fuel tax collection by British Airways, a $16.30 United States 

International Transportation Tax, a $2.50 United States APHIS tax and a $37.20 Great Britian 

International Departure Tax for London's Heathrow and a $4.50 Passenger Facility Surcharge collected by 

New York's Kennedy airport. 

Ticket has a $502 fuel tax collection by British Airways, an $8.40 United States segment 

tax, $41.10 United States International Transportation Tax, $7.50 United States APHIS tax, $128 Great 

Britian International Departure Tax for London's Heathrow, $57.60 Denmark International Passenger 

Surcharge, $11.40 India Passenger Surcharge, $18 India User Development Fee, $5.50 United States 

User Customs Fee, $7 United States Federal Inspection fee, $5 United States APHIS tax, $9 Passenger 

Facility Surcharge collected by Boston's Logan airport. 

Should you require additional information, personnel in our accounting office can provide such details. 

The address and phone number are: 

American Airlines Inc. 

Passenger Refund Services 

We do appreciate your business and look forward to welcoming you aboard soon. 

Sincerely, 

Tawnya M. Hendricks 

Customer Service 

American Airlines 

    

AA Price Advertising Violations
Attachment 10

28

Ticket

Ref:

I write to reply to Tracy Freeman’s May 25 message offering reasons why Executive Platinum passengers

should be charged award ticketing fees for redemptions they make for others.  I found Tracy’s  

arguments unpersuasive, and surely we could discuss that subject at length.  But there is an entirely

separate reason why the ticketing fee should be refunded: the ticketing fee was not mention by the AA

reservations representative when I put this itinerary on hold.  As you know, new DOT rules require that

all applicable fees be included in the first price quote presented to a customer.  Because AA failed to

mention this fee in its initial price quote, the fee is impermissible under law.

See Additional Guidance on Airfare/Air Tour Price Advertisements, Department of Transportation,

February 22, 2012, at http://airconsumer.dot.gov/rules/Notice.Taxes.fees.sam.dl.13.website.pdf: "[T]he

first price quote presented must be the full price, including all taxes, fees and all carrier surcharges."

If AA has a recording of the call in which I made this reservation and put it on hold (several days before

ticketing), you will notice that the initial rep never mentioned any ticketing fee ‐‐ only the miles required

and $5/passenger of tax.  I hope this additional information and authority facilitates a prompt refund of

the fee mistakenly charged to me.  Thank you.

AA Price Advertising Violations
Attachment 11  

29

Dear Ms. K

Thank you for your follow‐up message.

We waive ticketing service charges for Executive Platinum members traveling on revenue or award

tickets, as well as for traveling companions who are booked in the same reservation record.   As I

understand it, the ticketing service charge in question was appropriately charged for an award ticket

redeemed from your account  for your husband's travel.

However, I am asking our Customer Relations staff to look into your comments regarding the processing

of the transaction itself ‐ specifically, the allegation that you were not made aware of the ticketing

charge prior to the issuance of the ticket.     Our Customer Relations staff follows up internally to

improve American's service to our customers, and they keep our senior executives apprised of  

passenger perception.   Ms. Koo, please allow up to a few weeks for a response  to

the allegations contained in your email message.

Thank you, again, Ms. K .

Regards,

Mark Williams

Executive Liaison

AAdvantage Customer Service

American Airlines

Dear Ms. K ,

I understand a representative from our Customer Relations staff replied to your inquiry, via email, on 9

July.  I'm sorry you didn't receive that message.   I have asked that Customer Relations contact you

again, Ms. Koo, but I must tell you that our Customer Relations staff has reaffirmed our decision that the

ticketing service charges were properly collected.   I am sorry that I cannot satisfy your request to refund  

these charges.     

Respectfully,

Mark Williams

Executive Liaison

AAdvantage Customer Service

American Airlines

AA Price Advertising Violations
Attachment 12

30

       March 25, 2012

Gary F. Kennedy

Senior Vice President and General Counsel, American Airlines

by email:

RE: carrier‐imposed surcharges systematically mischaracterized as “tax”  

Mr. Kennedy,

Recall my letter of December 31, 2011, flagging (and providing copies of) multiple American Airlines

receipts which mischaracterized carrier‐imposed surcharge as “tax.”  In your reply of January 11, 2012,

you argued that these inaccurate statements “had no effect on the fares displayed in the booking path

[and] no effect on the customer’s decision to purchase” because receipts arrive only after a transaction

has occurred and because, you argued, accurate information was provided prior to booking.

I write to continue our discussion by providing multiple examples, including recent and ongoing

examples, in which AA staff provided inaccurate information prior to booking – mischaracterizing

carrier‐imposed surcharge as “tax” when customers are deciding whether to purchase a given ticket.

AA Reservations Agents Mischaracterizing Carrier‐Imposed Surcharge as “Tax” in Award Bookings

In my experience, AA telephone representatives systematically characterize carrier‐imposed surcharges

as “tax” when customers book awards that include travel on British Airways.  I made two such bookings

during 2011 (the first two receipts shown in Attachment 1 to my December 31, 2011 letter).  To the best

of my recollection, AA Reservations staff characterized the amount to be charged to my credit card as

“tax.”  If you have access to recordings of the phone calls during which I made these bookings, perhaps

you can review.  In that case, I hope you’ll also provide me with a copy of those recordings.

To confirm my recollection, I made three test calls to AA Reservations staff.  In separate phone calls of

January 14, March 20, and March 21, 2012, three AA Reservations agents characterized as “tax” the

surcharges AA collects for award travel on British Airways.  For example, on January 14, 2012, I made a

test booking with AA Reservations for award travel BOS‐LHR‐BOS on British Airways in First Class.  After I

specified desired dates, flights, carrier, and class of service, I was advised of the number of miles and

money payment that would be required.  Referring to the quote presented on his computer screen, the

agent told me: “it's giving me a total of 125000 miles, and taxes of 938.80.”  He made that statement

without any prompting whatsoever from me, nor any special request from me.  Similar statements

occurred in my subsequent test calls.  The March 20 agent advised me of “the BA taxes” and the March

21 agent told me “taxes are 347.70” (for a one‐way BOS‐LHR booking).  As you know, each of these

statements was false: the amounts at issue consist primarily of carrier‐imposed fuel surcharge, not tax.

Recall that AA’s standard telephone auto‐attendant grants customers permission to record a call.  (It

says “this call may be recorded.”)  With that permission, I made high‐quality digital recordings of each of

the above‐listed calls.

In your letter of January 11, you noted that a page on AA.COM mentions the possibility of surcharges on

award travel (the underlined language at the bottom of your page 1).  You also noted that a “Frequently

AA Price Advertising Violations
Attachment 12 (continued)

31

Asked Questions” page mentions “the British Airways fuel surcharge.”  These statements do not cure the

agents’ misstatements.  For one, award travel on other carriers can only be booked by telephone, not

via AA.COM or, to the best of my knowledge, in any other way.  As a result, customers have little reason

to look to AA.COM for information about surcharges on award travel.  Furthermore, when an AA

Reservations agent provides a personalized fare quote to a customer, with specific flights in response to

the customer’s request, the provisions of oral quote necessarily supersede any general statements on

AA.COM to the extent that the materials conflict.  That supersession is particularly clear when the

statements on AA.COM are so vague (“varies”) while the agent’s statement is specific (“tax” of a precise

dollar amount).

Meanwhile, the information on AA.COM is at best inconsistent.  For example, while looking for the

pages you cited, I found the “Making Award Reservations” page at

http://www.aa.com/i18n/AAdvantage/redeemMiles/makingAwardReservations.jsp which at heading

“Making Flight Award Reservations on the oneworld Airlines or other AAdvantage Participating Carriers”

mentions only “applicable taxes and security fees” but says nothing about fuel surcharges or other

carrier‐imposed surcharges.  So even a customer who diligently reviews AA.COM is told, incorrectly, that

the applicable charges on award travel are genuine government/airport “taxes and security fees”

without mention of any carrier‐imposed surcharges.

On Certain Paid AA Tickets, AA Staff Continue to Mischaracterize Carrier‐Imposed Surcharges as Tax

On February 10, 2012, I purchased a Circle Pacific ticket from the AA Around The World Desk for my

colleague D M   The agent quoted the fare (more than $12,000) and “tax.”  Mindful of the

prospect of carrier‐imposed surcharges mischaracterized as tax, I specifically asked the agent “Are those

genuine taxes, or fees?”  The agent replied: “Taxes.”  (These quotes are my recollections.  I was unable

to make a recording of this call, but I was thinking about taxes versus carrier‐imposed surcharges and I

therefore noted the agent’s statements with extra care.  Perhaps you can obtain a recording.)  Via a

subsequent written inquiry to AA Customer Relations, I learned that the amount characterized as “tax”

actually included $364 of “fuel surcharge.”  Had I known that the quoted price included carrier‐imposed

surcharges, I would have considered another routing, carrier, or fare in order to reduce or avoid such

surcharges.

To obtain further documentation of AA Around The World Desk staff mischaracterizing carrier‐imposed

surcharges as tax, on March 21 I requested a new ticket following the same itinerary Mr. M

booked.  On March 22 I called back (as instructed) to receive a fare quote.  (OneWorld circle fares

require next‐day fare quotes.)  The March 22 agent told me: “The base fare is 15204 even, the taxes are

669.03.”  Based on my correspondence with AA Customer Relations as to the pricing of Mr. M

ticket, I am confident that the quoted $669.03 of “taxes” included a fuel surcharge of more than $350.  

Because AA’s telephone auto‐attendant granted me permission to record the call, I did so, and I have

this recording on file.

Paid Tickets Previously Booked by Telephone with AA Reservations

In your letter of January 11, you describe the messages that might have appeared on screen had I used

AA.COM to purchase certain travel to India.  But in fact I was unable to purchase this ticket on AA.COM

due to its complexity and my desired routing.  I therefore ticketed this itinerary via AA telephone

AA Price Advertising Violations
Attachment 12 (continued)

32

reservation agents.  The agents systematically told me of “fare” and “tax” but rarely if ever used the

words “fuel surcharge,” “surcharge,” or any other label suggesting that a portion of the quoted “tax”

was actually carrier‐imposed surcharge.  Your analysis of information that could have appeared on

AA.COM is therefore inapplicable to this booking.  

When AA’s telephone agents quoted amounts to me as “tax,” I believe those amounts included carrier‐

imposed surcharges in the amounts detailed in our prior correspondence.  This belief is supported by my

general recollection that tax seemed high on that ticket.  This belief is also supported by the

contemporaneous receipt (provided with my December 31 letter to you) which indicated “tax” of $792.  

On this complicated ticket, I reviewed my e‐ticket receipt with great care, and I believe I would have

noticed had AA the receipt shown an amount of “fare” and “tax” substantially different from what I had

been quoted by telephone.

I do not have a recording of the call at issue.  If you have access to recordings of the phone call during

which I made this booking, perhaps you can review.  In that case, I hope you’ll also provide me with a

copy of that recording.

Separately, I continue to doubt whether AA.COM price advertisements at all times on all itineraries

included carrier‐imposed surcharges within “fare” and never within “tax” (as you claimed in your

January 11 letter to me).  My prior letter to you shows that AA electronic ticket receipts and Customer

Relations correspondence both made errors in this regard.  It would be remarkable if ticket receipts and

Customer Relations staff made these errors (often or, in some time periods, always), but AA.COM was

always accurate on the very same questions.  In any event, I am continuing to search for alternative

sources of screenshot proof – screenshots that I did not ordinarily have reason to retain, but that I

believe others retained.   

AA Staff Continue to Mischaracterize Carrier‐Imposed Surcharges as Tax when Handling Cancellations

I have been in touch with multiple customers who have conveyed to me, in specificity, their experience

of AA telephone representatives mischaracterizing carrier‐imposed surcharges as “tax” in the course of

providing reaccommodation after flight cancellation.  They have experienced these problems on both

paid and award tickets.

As you know, there have recently been multiple significant cancellations in the AA network (including

ORD‐DEL and JFK‐BUD) and in OneWorld (such as MAD‐JNB).  In each instance, a natural alternative

routing includes transportation in whole or in part on British Airways.   

I do not know whether AA would be within its rights to require that a customer pays a carrier‐imposed

surcharge when a customer is rebooked on British Airways as a result of a flight cancellation.  But I am

confident that AA may not mischaracterize British Airways surcharges as “tax” in the course of a

rebooking or a proposed rebooking.   

Because multiple independent customers have told me of inaccurate statements by AA telephone

agents in this regard, and because AA telephone agents have mischaracterized fuel surcharge as “tax” in

multiple other contexts (as detailed above), I find the customers’ reports credible.

AA Price Advertising Violations
Attachment 12 (continued)

33

I have a means to contact some customers who have reported these problems.  I can provide these

customers’ contact information if AA agrees that refunds are required in this circumstance.

AA E‐Ticket Confirmations Continue to Separate Carrier‐Imposed Surcharge from Fare

AA’s web site now presents carrier‐imposed surcharges as part of the “fare.”  Indeed, in the AA.COM

screenshot I showed in Attachment 3 to my December 31 letter, AA specifically affirms that “Fares

include base fare and carrier‐imposed surcharges.”  The best interpretation of this statement is that the

quoted definition of “fares” applies – by all indications, the standard meaning of that term according to

AA (as well as DOT) – applies across AA’s communications with passengers, including web site

statements as well as e‐ticket confirmations.  Nonetheless, AA’s standard e‐ticket confirmations

continue to place carrier‐imposed surcharges in a box labeled “tax/fee/charge.”  For example, for a

recent transatlantic ticket I booked for a colleague on AA.COM, AA.COM quoted “fare” of $1311.00 and

“taxes & fees” of $160.40 – but the e‐ticket confirmation email specified “fare” of $815.00 and

“tax/fee/charge” of $665.40.   

Having affirmatively promised (in the manner shown in my prior Attachment 3) that fares “include ...

carrier‐imposed surcharges” and having quoted the fare in that way on AA.COM, I believe AA ought not

separate the carrier‐imposed surcharge into a separate box for purposes of a e‐ticket confirmation.  

Rather, the e‐ticket confirmation should match the statements provided in the purchase process and

should comply with all the commitments AA provided during the purchase process (including AA’s

affirmative representation that “fares include base fare and carrier‐imposed surcharges”).   

I credit that most customers do not ordinarily rely on e‐ticket receipts when making purchases.  But AA

should characterize all charges accurately, both before and after purchase.  Furthermore, because an e‐

ticket receipt is a customer’s official written record of a purchase, it is important that these documents

be accurate.  Finally, I believe the difference may be significant for some purposes, including purposes

that are difficult to anticipate.  

My Recent Correspondence with the Department of Transportation

Disheartened by your January 11 message, I elected to alert the Department of Transportation to my

concerns.  In a January 14 complaint to DOT, I flagged AA and three other OneWorld carriers

mischaracterizing carrier‐imposed surcharges as tax (along with two non‐OneWorld carriers and several

online travel agents engaging in similar practices).  I believe my complaint was the impetus for the DOT’s

February 21, 2012 notice on these and related subjects.

My January 14 complaint to DOT also flagged unusual intermediate price advertising on AA.COM.  In

particular, I showed AA.COM regularly advertising one‐way transatlantic fares as low as “$41” while the

return segment was systematically quoted at $450 or more.  Meanwhile, I pointed out, transatlantic

travel originating Europe quoted the originating westbound segment at low prices like $41 – particularly

strange since those same segments had been presented at $450+ for US‐originating customers.  I now

believe these price quotes resulted from a carrier‐imposed surcharge being bundled with the return fare

quote.  No doubt you noticed the DOT’s response critiquing these practices as “intend[ing] to bait the

passenger with an unrealistically low outbound fare” which the DOT said is “unfair and deceptive.”

AA Price Advertising Violations
Attachment 12 (continued)

34

The DOT has indicated that it remains concerned about carrier practices in this area.  Because I consider

this an important subject of public policy, I am considering a further complaint to DOT (on the matters

detailed herein as well as other AA practices pertaining to price advertising, fees, and charges without

proper disclosure or any disclosure).  However, I would prefer to achieve resolution directly with AA.  I

regret that we were unable to reach such resolution in January.  Perhaps the additional information

provided herein will help you better understand the scope and import of the practices at issue.

Resolution

I have offered compelling evidence that AA staff have mischaracterized carrier‐imposed surcharges as

“tax” on both paid and award tickets.  I have further shown that these mischaracterizations permeate

AA’s operations, including telephone reservations for both paid and award travel, receipts for both paid

and award travel, reaccommodation subsequent to flight cancellation, customer relations

correspondence, and statements on AA.COM.  I have also shown that these mischaracterizations are

ongoing.  In response to the claim in your January 11 letter that the mischaracterizations occurred only

after purchase, I have shown that these mischaracterizations occur both before and after ticket

purchase.  In light of this additional information, I think it is clear that the problem is larger than your

January 11 letter claimed.  Now that I have demonstrated mischaracterizations occurring before ticket

purchase, it is also clear that I was harmed by these mischaracterizations.   

I believe it would be an unfair and deceptive practice, within the meaning of 49 USC §41712, to

characterize (prior to purchase and/or after purchase) as “tax” a fee that is not required by any law or

regulation, and that is not remitted to any government, airport, or similar authority.  When such a

mischaracterization occurred prior to purchase (or in another circumstance where a customer plainly

replies on the quoted amount, such as during the course of reaccommodation after a flight

cancellation), I believe the proper course of action is, at the least, to provide a refund to any affected

customer upon that customer’s written request.  This letter constitutes my request.  You may send a

refund check to the address shown above.   

Regards,

Benjamin Edelman

AA Price Advertising Violations
Attachment 13

35

From:

Sent: Tuesday, June 26, 2012 9:00 PM 

To:

Cc: Kennedy, Gary 

Subject: Your 3/25/12 letter to Gary Kennedy at American Airlines 

Dear Professor Edelman:

Gary Kennedy asked me to respond to your letter of March 25, 2012.

Concerning your refund request, Mr. Kennedy advised you by letter dated January 11, 2012 that a

refund is not warranted.

Concerning surcharges, the Department of Transportation issued guidance to carriers on February 21,

2012 (see attached).   The guidance became effective on April 21, 2012, nearly a month after your letter

on March 25.

We believe that we are in compliance with the Department’s guidance.    

We do not intend to engage in further correspondence on this matter.  

Sincerely,

Carl B. Nelson

Associate General Counsel

American Airlines

AA Price Advertising Violations
Attachment 14

36

       June 29, 2012

Carl B. Nelson

Associate General Counsel, American Airlines

by email:

CC: Gary Kennedy

RE: carrier‐imposed surcharges systematically mischaracterized as “tax”  

Mr. Nelson,  

Thanks for getting back to me.  I appreciate your taking the time to clarify AA’s position on this matter.

You suggest that Mr. Kennedy's January 11 reply adequately addresses my concern about carrier‐

imposed surcharges mischaracterized as “tax.”  But note the important factual errors in Mr. Kennedy's

message, as detailed in my March 25 reply.  For example, Mr. Kennedy claimed that the false statements

at issue were made only after ticketing.  I capably demonstrated that false statements occurred before

ticketing.  Hence my continued view that refunds are required in this circumstance.

Your reliance on the DOT's February 21 guidance is misplaced.  Nothing in that guidance permitted AA to

mischaracterize carrier‐imposed fuel surcharge as "tax" at any time ‐‐ neither before nor after the

effective date of the February 21 guidance.  Indeed, the DOT's February 21 notice explicitly confirms the

impropriety of the practices that prompted me to write: "Such displays were deceptive and in violation

of section 41712" (emphasis added) – indicating that the false statements were unlawful when made,

not that the statements would become unlawful only as of some future date.  You also mischaracterize

the 60‐day period referenced in the DOT’s notice.  The notice clearly indicates that the delay applies

only to commencement of DOT enforcement action: “The office will provide ... 60 days [delay] ... before

instituting enforcement action.”  In particular, the 60‐day period in no way cures liability for prior

unlawful conduct.  A consumer with a valid claim, as to unlawful practices occurring before or after April

21, simply is not hindered from bringing that claim by reason of the DOT's decision not to institute

enforcement action until that date.

Your reply is particularly timely because earlier this week (before I received your reply), I happened to

find further evidence of AA staff and systems mischaracterizing carrier‐imposed surcharges as tax.  In

particular, before I purchased a $5000+ long‐haul premium ticket from an AA Executive Platinum Desk

representative by telephone, the agent mischaracterized carrier‐imposed fuel surcharges.  I quote

verbatim:  

Me: "Could you review the fare and tax?"   

Agent: "Certainly.  OK, I'm showing that the fare in US dollars is 4828, and 708.20 taxes."   

In fact, contrary to the agent's statement, I believe the majority of the $708.20 consists of carrier‐

imposed fees, not "taxes."  So AA continues, to this day, to misrepresent carrier‐imposed surcharges as

“tax.”  Note that AA's automatic answering system stated "This call may be recorded" so I recorded it,

and I retain a high‐quality digital copy.  

AA Price Advertising Violations
Attachment 14 (continued)

37

During my pre‐purchase research on aa.com, I also happened to find numerous examples in which the

amount shown as “tax” exceeded the actual amounts I believe American is required to pay to

governments and similar authorities.  Rather, in each instance, I believe the quoted “tax” consisted

primarily of carrier‐imposed surcharges.  If I am correct about the actual tax associated with these

itineraries, AA’s practices are directly contrary to the DOT’s February 21 notice, contrary to your claim of

compliance with that notice, and also contrary to AA’s affirmative commitments as presented to

consumers at http://www.aa.com/i18n/disclaimers/iplDisclaimerRevenue.jsp (“International ... Fares

include: Base fare and carrier‐imposed surcharges”).   I retain appropriate screenshot evidence.  

Notably, the misrepresentations of tax now affect itineraries for travel solely on AA – a significant

broadening relative to the BA issues that prompted my initial message to Mr. Kennedy.

I credit that these are difficult times, and I know that recent developments have required many changes

to AA's fares and procedures.  No doubt rapid industry and partnership changes have increased the

complexity of correctly characterizing all carrier‐imposed fuel surcharges.  But these factors do not

excuse false statements about fare and tax, or attempts to retain the fruits of prior or ongoing unlawful

conduct.  If AA staff and systems made false statements prior to purchase, I see no alternative but to

refund the amounts subject to those misrepresentations.

Your message indicates unwillingness to discuss this matter further.  I’m disappointed to hear that.  As a

courtesy, I will wait ten business days in order to give you time to consider the additional information

provided in this letter and, if you like, conduct your own investigation of current practices of AA staff

and systems.  After ten business days, I will send a full complaint to DOT Aviation Consumer Protection

Division, Office of Aviation Enforcement and Proceedings, including the substance of my concern, our

correspondence, and top‐quality call transcript and screenshot evidence of AA staff and systems

continuing to mischaracterize carrier‐imposed surcharges as "tax."

Separately, one of my students seeks to publish my evidence on the web in order to inform and assist

other consumers similarly situated.  I had been inclined to decline, as I preferred to bring this matter

directly to Mr. Kennedy’s attention in order to avoid burdening American with a public dispute during

this difficult period.  But if you are unwilling to discuss this matter, I will support that student’s effort as

time permits.   

I’ve spent a decade admiring AA, both as a passenger and as a business academic.  I regret that we have

reached this unfortunate juncture.

       Respectfully,

/s/

Benjamin Edelman

AA Price Advertising Violations
Verification

Pursuant to Title 18 United States Code Section 1001, I, Benjamin Edelman, in my individual capacity,

have not in any manner knowingly and willfully falsified, concealed, or failed to disclose any material

fact or made any false, fictitious or fraudulent statement or knowingly used any document which

contains such statements in connection with the preparation, filing, or prosecution of the pleading.  I

understand that an individual who is found to have violated the provisions of 18 U.S.C. Section 1001

shall be fined or imprisoned not more than five years, or both.

       Benjamin Edelman, Esq.   
Certificate of Service

Pursuant to 14 CFR 302.7(b), I served this document on Gary Kennedy, Senior Vice President and

General Counsel for American Airlines, by electronic mail to gary.kennedy@aa.com.  I sent the email on

February 5, 2013 at approximately 10:00pm US Eastern time.  I received no indication that any

transmission had failed.   

Signed February 5th 2013 in San Francisco, CA,

Benjamin Edelman