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United States Office Of Air Quality EPA-454/C-96-003

Environmental Protection Planning And Standards Volume VII, No. 4

Agency Research Triangle Park, NC 27711 Fall 1996

THE CHIEF N E W S L E T T E R

— THE CLEARINGHOUSE FOR INVENTORIES AND EMISSION FACTORS —

Table of Contents

(click on title)

Emission Inventories Take On the “Big Easy” . . . . . . . . 2

Computing in Environmental Resources. . . . . . . . . 2

Introducing the New EFIG Home Page! . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Emission Inventory of Section 112(c)(6) Pollutants . . . 4

Supplement B of AP-42 in the Works. . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

FIRE Version 5.1b. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

National Emission Trends (NET) Database & Report . . 6

EIIP on the Road. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Using PAMS Data to Improve Emission Estimates . . .7

AP-42 Supplement A is on the Web. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

EPA’s Green Book . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

AP-42: Changes to be Documented in Supplement . . . . 8

Removal of Metric Units from AP-42. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Greenhouse Gases in AP-42. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8

Info CHIEF's Most Frequently Asked Questions. . . . . . . 9

Latest version of 1990 National Emission Inventory . . . . . . 9

Info CHIEF Update . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10

Treatment of Non-Detects in Emission Factors . . . . . . . .10
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Computing in Environmental Resources

— Research Triangle Park, NC —

Courses: December 1, 1996

Conference: December 2-4, 1996

The US EPA and the Air & Waste Management Association will be co-sponsoring a conference entitled,

“Computing in Environmental Resources”, to be held at the Sheraton Imperial Hotel in Research Triangle

Park, NC. The conference will be held December 2-4, 1996 and the continuing education courses will be

held on December 1, 1996. The conference will focus on computing and network technology as integral

parts of environmental management.

Session topics for this conference will include data management, remote on-line access, artificial intelligence, expert systems, geographical information systems, modelling and visualization. A two-day exhibition featuring technical theme displays will be a networking opportunity for both environmental experts

and information system experts alike. This conference will also feature a tour of the US EPA Scientific

Visualization Center. For more information about this conference and registration, please call the Air &

Waste Management Association registrar, (412) 232-3445 or (412) 232-3444, ext. 3142.

Emission Inventories Take On the “Big Easy”

New Orleans was the site of the sixth annual Emission Inventory Conference, jointly sponsored by the

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the Air & Waste Management Association (AWMA).

The theme of this year’s conference, “The Emission Inventory: Key to Planning, Permits, Compliance,

and Reporting”, focused on industrial participation. Of the 283 attendees, 15% were from industry,

which indicated a significant increase over last year. Of the remaining attendees, 30% were from state

and local agencies, 30% were consultants, 15% were from EPA, 5% from academia and 5% were from

foreign countries.

The technical program consisted of nine sessions over the two and one-half day conference. The

foreign dignitaries added interest to the conference with their perspectives from Canada, The Netherlands, Mexico, Russia, Slovakia, Taiwan, and Great Britain. As in past years, there were also continuing

education courses taught on the day before the conference.

The welcome and keynote address was given by Gus Vonbedugan of the State of Louisiana. Gus

highlighted the tremendous progress that has been made in the emission inventory program over the

past few years but noted the tremendous challenge facing the program with the increased needs from

emission inventories in planning, regulatory, compliance, and permitting activities.

The two luncheon talks highlighted the role of emission inventories in planning activities and

permit program. Jerry Golden of the Tennessee Valley Authority alerted attendees to the potential implications of regulations from the Ozone Transport Assessment Group as well as the new regulations

resulting from the revised National Ambient Air Quality Standards for ozone and fine particulate matter.

Jerry noted that good emission inventories are essential to ensuring that cost effective control strategies

resulted from these regulatory activities. Mike Trutna of EPA’s Permits Program, also highlighted the

importance of emission factors in determining permit fees and the importance in the linkage of data

collection efforts from the permit and emissions inventory programs.

The exhibits were also very good this year and they stimulated much interest along with the Poster

Session. As expected, New Orleans provided an excellent backdrop for the conference, with good

weather, good food, and plenty of entertainment, including the enjoyable Riverboat Cruise. Overall, the

conference was a success and attendees are already anticipating next fall’s conference to be held in

Research Triangle Park, NC.
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Introducing the New EFIG Home Page!

by Mary Anne Barckhoff, Lockheed Martin

EFIG now has a home page that contains links to access any information related to emission factors and

inventories! Our previous web page on Emission Estimation Tools (http://www.epa.gov/oar/oaqps/efig/

tools.html) has been replaced by this new home page which is your one-stop gateway to a whole new

universe. All you need is one address: http://www.epa.gov/oar/oaqps/efig/ to link to many useful and

informative web pages that allow you to download emission estimation and modelling software, documents, and to link to other related web sites. Here is an overview of the EFIG Home Page features:

Software & Tools

Download databases such as the

Factor Information

Retrieval database

(FIRE), TANKS, or

the Landfill Air

Emissions Estimation Model. Also

link to informative

pages about how

to obtain our CDROM products

such as Air CHIEF

and the National

Emission Trends

Viewer CD-ROM.

What’s New

This web page

keeps you up to

date with the latest and greatest

news about Emission Factor and

Inventory Group

activities and features of EFIG web

pages.

TTN/CHIEF

Users can link directly to the old

familiar CHIEF

BBS, but now in

web page format!

Related Sites

This page contains links to many EPA web pages such as the Great Lakes National Program Office web

page and all the EPA Regional Offices. You can also link to Associations and Other Organizations,

such as the Air & Waste Management Association and the Environmental Professional’s Home Page.

Use this page to link to International & Foreign Organizations, such as Environment Canada and the

United Nations Environment Program or to go to any State Agency web pages.

Data

The EFIG Data web page can link you directly to web sites that contain useful data pertaining to emission

factors and inventories. You can go directly to The Ultimate Truth (TUT) Web Page, which allows you

to search the Ozone Transport Assessment Group’s (OTAG) database of emission inventory data. Web

surfers can also access the Aerometric Information Retrieval System (AIRS) home page from here.

Documents

The EFIG Documents web page includes links to our most popular downloadable documents, such as

the Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors (AP-42), the National Air Pollutant Emission

Trends, Emission Inventory Improvement Program (EIIP) documents, and the CHIEF Newsletter,

with informative descriptions of each. In addition, you can learn about Fax CHIEF, EFIG’s automated

document delivery system.

For questions or comments about the EFIG Home Page, call the Info CHIEF help desk at

(919) 541-5285, or e-mail info.chief@epamail.epa.gov.

http://www.epa.gov/oar/oaqps/efig/

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Emission Inventory of Section 112(c)(6) Pollutants:

A Draft Review

by Ann Ingram, Lockheed Martin

On October 16, 1996 the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) released a draft review for public

comment on Section 112(c)(6) of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990. Due to the short comment

period and a reduced budget, the review draft is available only in electronic format via the CHIEF Bulletin

Board System (BBS) and the CHIEF BBS web page.

WHAT IS SECTION 112(c)(6)?

Section 112(c)(6) of the Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA) of 1990 requires that the EPA identify sources

of alkylated lead compounds, polycyclic organic matter (POM), mercury, hexachlorobenzene, polychlorinated biphenyls(PCB), 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofurans (TCDF) and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). These identified sources will account for not less than 90% of the aggregate emissions of

each pollutant subject to standards under Subsection 112(d)(2) or 112(d)(4). Standards must be developed for sources of these hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) by EPA not later than ten years after the date

of enactment.

BACKGROUND

In order to meet the requirements of Section 112(c)(6), national inventories of sources and emissions of

these seven specific pollutants are needed. These inventories will provide the reference basis for the

development of a national strategy to control the Section 112(c)(6) pollutants. These same national

inventories will prove equally useful as input to the urban area source program pursuant to Section

112(k) of the CAAA, should any of these pollutants also be selected under that program as presenting a

threat to public health in urban areas. Because the seven specific pollutants in Section 112(c)(6) are of

particular interest to the Great Waters program, these inventories will also prove useful in the context of

implementing Section 112(m), dealing with the protection of the Great Lakes and coastal estuaries.

HOW TO DOWNLOAD THE REPORT

The review draft report can be downloaded in a compressed WordPerfect® 5.1 format or an Adobe

Acrobat® format from the “Emission Inventory Guidance” Section of the CHIEF BBS web site. Use the

EFIG Home Page (http://www.epa.gov/oar/oaqps/efig/) to access the CHIEF BBS web page, or dial up

to the CHIEF BBS at (919) 541-5742. The compressed file names are 112c6_a.zip and 112c6_b.zip.

The Adobe Acrobat® file names are 112c6_a.pdf, 112c6_b.pdf, and 112c6_c.pdf. For assistance with

downloading these files, call the Info CHIEF help desk at (919) 541-5285.

Comments concerning the draft review of Section 112(c)(6) are encouraged. Comments may be provided in writing, electronically through e-mail, or verbally. Comments and all questions on the document

should be directed to one of the following persons:

Ms. Anne Pope, Emission Factor and Inventory Group, U.S. EPA, Mail Drop 14

Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711.

Phone: (919)541-5373

E-mail: POPE.ANNE@EPAMAIL.EPA.GOV

Ms. Laurel Driver, Visibility and Ecosystem Protection Group, U. S. EPA, Mail Drop 15

Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711.

Phone: (919)541-0237

E-mail: DRIVER.LAUREL@EPAMAIL.EPA.GOV

The comment period will run from October 16 - November 30, 1996. There will be no extensions of the

comment period beyond November 30 for any reason.
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Supplement B of AP-42 in the Works

The periodic update of AP-42 is underway. Those of you who have followed the document’s progress

over the years know that sometimes the sections included in supplements are new, some are revised

thoroughly, and some just correct our typographical errors. One discussion that inevitably arises is how

to let you know which type of update is involved. With Supplement B several of our sections will contain

a new feature detailing what has changed from previous editions. This information will be placed between the text and the references. Please give us your feedback on the usefulness of this new feature.

Another change you will see in this supplement is the date convention used on updated pages. Henceforth, we will adjust the date for the entire section for any change no matter how minor. This means that

if you use the paper copy supplements to insert into your previous edition, you may want to add the new

date to the pages that do not change. Complete sections available on the Fax CHIEF, CHIEF BBS and

web pages will have the latest date on all pages.

The following sections will be included in Supplement B:

1.1 Bituminous and Subbituminous Coal

1.2 Anthracite Coal Combustion

1.3 Fuel Oil Combustion

1.4 Natural Gas Combustion

1.5 Liquid Petroleum Gas Combustion

1.6 Wood Waste Combustion

1.7 Lignite Combustion

1.8 Bagasse Combustion in Sugar Mills

1.9 Residential Fireplaces

1.10 Residential Wood Stoves

1.11 Waste Oil Combustion

2.1 Refuse Combustion

3.1 Stationary Gas Turbines for Electricity Generation

3.2 Heavy-duty Natural Gas-fired Pipeline Compressor Engines

3.3 Gasoline and Diesel Industrial Engines

3.4 Large Stationary Diesel and All Dual Fuel Engines

6.2 Adipic Acid

9.7 Cotton Ginning

9.9.4 Alfalfa Dehydration

9.12.1 Malt Beverages

11.7 Ceramic Clay

12.20 Electroplating

13.1 Wildfires and Prescribed Burning

14.1 Emissions from Soils--Greenhouse Gases

14.2 Termites--Greenhouse Gases

14.3 Lightning Emissions--Greenhouse Gases

Sections in progress include the following:

(* indicates greenhouse gas information)

*4.3 Waste Water Collection,

Treatment, and Storage

*8.8 Nitric Acid

*9.4.5 Animal Waste Lagoons

*9.17 Enteric Fermentation

*9.18 Flooded Rice Fields

9.10.1.2 Sugar Beet Processing

9.12.3 Distilled Spirits

*9.17 Enteric Fermentation

*9.18 Flooded Rice Fields

10.8 Wood Preserving

11.1 Hot Mix Asphalt Plants

11.3 Bricks and Related Clay

Products

11.9 Surface Coal Mines

11.12 Concrete Batching

11.23 Taconite Ore Processing

11.29 Alumina Manufacturing

**.** (TBD) Abrasive Blasting

FIRE Version 5.1b

Updated modules for both Criteria and Toxic pollutants for the Factor Information and Retrieval System (FIRE) should be available on the CHIEF BBS and web page by the end of November. FIRE is

a database system containing EPA’s recommended criteria and hazardous air pollutant emission

factors. The updated modules will be labeled as version 5.1b, and will contain new and revised

emission factors from Supplement B to the Fifth Edition of AP-42. The current operating software

(version 5.1) will not change for the November release, however, we are in the process of developing

a design document for a Microsoft Windows® version of FIRE. Contact Ron Ryan at (919) 541-4330

for details or to provide your comments about FIRE and look for the draft design document on the

CHIEF BBS and web page by early 1997.
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National Emission Trends (NET) Database and Report

 by Sharon Nizich, EFIG

The 1996 National Air Pollutant Emission Trends Report is scheduled for publication in November 1996.

This year the report is in abbreviated form, due to the government shutdown and budget crisis this year.

Despite the shortened format, enhancements were still added. They include tables of the Ozone Transport and Assessment Group (OTAG) and Grand Canyon Visibility Transport Commission Study (GCVTC)

emission inventory data, with discussion on their upcoming incorporation into the NET database, biogenic emission data results from BEIS2 for the years 1988, 1990, 1991, and 1995, updated air toxics

information from the National Toxics Inventory (NTI), and updated 1990 Canadian emission estimates.

Emissions data for 1995 have been loaded onto the NET database maintained by EFIG. Currently we

are transferring the NET database to an ORACLE platform, which will make it easier to provide a link to

the database via the World Wide Web (WWW). We will soon be testing the process of importing state

emission inventory data using the EIIP data transfer mechanism and will be incorporating data from the

OTAG, GCVTC, and 1996 periodic SIP emission inventories.

The National Air Pollutant Emission Trends Report—along with national emission summaries—will be on

the WWW in November. Check the EFIG Home Page (http://www.epa.gov/oar/oaqps/efig/) under

“Documents” for more information.

Copies of the report will be also be available through the Government Printing Office (GPO) at (202) 512-

1800. Ask for publication number EPA-454/R-96-007. The NET database will soon be available via FTP

and in summary format on CD-ROM (includes years 1985 through 1995) from GPO. Ask for CD-ROM

publication number EPA-454/C-96-002.

EIIP on the Road

by Steve Bromberg, EFIG

The Emission Inventory Improvement Program (EIIP) began its outreach effort by organizing information

sessions with state and local agencies hosted by their respective EPA Regional Offices. One to two day

meetings were held in Regions 5, 6, 9, and 10. Bill Gill and Mike Fishburn from Texas NRCC, Paul Kim

from Minnesota PCA, Sally Otterson from Washington DE, and Dennis Goodenow and Dale Shimp from

California ARB helped with the presentations. Excellent representation from 31 agencies were present

at the meetings with a total attendance of approximately 100. As federal travel funds permit, meetings

will be scheduled for other state and local agencies through the appropriate Regional Offices.

Several general observations emerged from the meetings:

EIIP must remain current, not only by standardizing new estimation methods, but by moving into new areas (e.g., making sure that toxic estimation techniques are included in the EIIP procedures).

The biggest obstacle state and local agencies have in implementing

the EIIP is overcoming resistance to change within their respective organizations. Everyone agreed that the EIIP approach was sound, but

that instituting the needed procedures would be a challenge.

The meetings attendees emphasized the importance of having high quality emission inventories.

The EIIP Home Page is now live. All final documents are posted under the appropriate topic and are

available for downloading. The address is http://www.epa.gov/oar/oaqps/eiip/. The EIIP Update, a

periodic summary of EIIP progress and products is also available through the Home Page.
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Using PAMS Data to Improve Emission Estimates

Using Photochemical Air Monitoring System (PAMS) data to improve the emission estimates of ozone

precursors was a topic of discussion in two recent forums. The first forum was a series of workshops

being conducted on PAMS data analysis -- the pilot workshop was held in Philadelphia in August and

another is will be held in Texas in December. The second was an AWMA meeting on Emission Factors

and Inventories, held in New Orleans in September. Hopefully, the discussions will evoke interest

among EPA Regions and States to exploit ambient databases like PAMS to gain important information

about nearby sources and emissions. This information in turn could be used to evaluate and improve

emission inventories for ozone precursors. Such analyses and studies can reveal missing sources or

suggest improvements to the spatial or temporal resolution of the emissions inventory. They can also

determine the need for better emission factors or activity inputs to emission models or factors.

The concept of using ambient measurements to improve emission models, factors and inventories is not

new, having been first used to evaluate particulate matter inventories in the 1970's. Historically, several

interpretive techniques have been used to link the emissions inventory with the PAMS data. Screening

analyses include hydrocarbon / NOx ratios, association of certain compounds with transport direction,

time series analyses, and chemical species associated with certain events or episodes. Multi-variate

models (e.g., factor analysis, Source Apportionment by Factors with Explicit Restrictions (SAFER) and

Chemical Mass Balance (CMB)) can also be used to interpret the data. However, special consideration

should be given to the reactivity of the species and the spatial representativeness of the Emission Inventory (EI). Both of these issues can limit the usefulness of the comparison unless they are appropriately

considered. Analyses conducted in Texas, Southern California, Atlanta and other locations have already provided useful information to local air agencies. For more information, call Tom Pace in the

Emission Factor and Inventory Group at (919) 541-5634.

AP-42, Supplement A is on the Web

by Ann Ingram, Lockheed Martin

In its latest endeavor to provide access to emission factor information, the Emission Factor and Inventory

Group has put Supplement A of AP-42 on it’s own web site. The recently updated chapters and sections

of this popular document are available in an Adobe Acrobat® PDF file format. The conversion to PDF

allows the documents to be viewed on screen or printed as they appear in the final document. The files

require the Acrobat Reader®, which is freely available from Adobe. A link to the Adobe web site is

provided on the AP-42 Supplement A web site and the software can be downloaded from there.

The address to the web site is http://www.epa.gov/oar/oaqps/efig/ap42/ap42supa.html and it links to

and from the EFIG home page. Additionally, the entire Fifth Edition of AP-42 is available from the TTN

Internet web site at http://ttnwww.rtpnc.epa.gov. If you have questions or comments about these web

sites, please contact the Info CHIEF help desk, (919) 541-5285 or e-mail info.chief@epamail.epa.gov.

EPA’s Green Book

For those who may need to keep tabs on the status of nonattainment areas or to refer to summaries of the air quality standards, there is a web page that contains the EPA Green Book. From the

initial page, users can access information on nonattainment area names, classifications, maps

and pertinent Federal Register excerpts. Summaries of the air quality standards and their health

and environmental effects can also be accessed from the Green Book page. The EPA Green

Book web page is located at: http://www.epa.gov/oar/oaqps/greenbk/.
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Greenhouse Gases in AP-42

By Roy Huntley, EFIG

The Emission Factor and Inventory Group has been planning incorporate greenhouse gas emission

factors into the Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors, AP-42. This seems like a logical progression, as AP-42 has grown from including only process descriptions and criteria pollutant emission factors, to then include hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) and now to include greenhouse gases. Carbon

dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) emission factors have been incorporated as

appropriate into Chapters 1 and 3, and will also be incorporated into other appropriate chapters as well.

In addition, a new chapter, Chapter 14, will be added to include greenhouse gas sources (such as

lightning emissions) that do not fit logically into other pre-existing AP-42 chapters. CO2 emission factors

are determined using a carbon balance and assuming that a certain percentage of the fuel carbon is

completely oxidized to CO2. N2O and CH4 emission factors were determined from emissions data.

Removal of Metric Units from AP-42

Previously, AP-42 has presented emission factors in a variety of units for the convenience of the user.

Unfortunately, this practice has led to many inefficiencies. With the number of source categories, the

number of factors, and the number of users increasing every year, it has become more difficult to track

multiple presentations of the same emission factor. One way to reduce the inefficiencies is to present

them only once in one set of units. At this time, since the EPA database known as the Aerometric

Information Retrieval System (AIRS) uses English units and the majority of our customers (States, local

agencies) use English units, AP-42 will use English units. When sections undergo revision, metric units

will be removed. Footnotes will be added with conversion factors to convert the factors to metric as well

as other English units, such as lb/MMBtu. Contact Roy Huntley of the Emission Factor and Inventory

Group, (919) 541-1060, if you have questions or comments.

AP-42: Changes to be Documented in Supplement

by Roy Huntley, EFIG

For supplements A and B, Chapters 1 and 3 were reviewed to identify technical inadequacies and areas

where state-of-the-art technological advances need to be incorporated. In addition, EFIG looked for

errors by comparing the current emission factors in AP-42 with the background document information. If

discrepancies were found, the appropriate AP-42 references were reviewed. In some cases, the factors

could not be verified with the information in the background document or the reference materials, in

which case the factors were not changed. Several errors were found and emission factors were corrected.

Clarifying language as needed was added throughout AP-42. For example, the following italicized

sentence was added in the footnote of Table 1.1-2 of AP-42 (italics added);

“Emission factor would be calculated by multiplying the weight percent

sulfur in the coal by the numerical value preceding S. For example, if

the fuel is 1.2% sulfur, then S equals 1.2.” Apparently, many people

were not sure if “S” was supposed to be 0.012 or 1.2. This example

should eliminate that confusion. A similar footnote is added for formulas using “A” as a variable, where “A” is the weight percent ash.

Supplement A to the Fifth Edition of AP-42 was issued in February

1996 and most Supplement B sections are currently available on the

CHIEF BBS, web page and Fax CHIEF. A complete list of changes in

Supplement A and B can be found on the CHIEF BBS in the ERRATA

file area. Look for the files named SUPA_CHG.TXT and SUPB_CHG.TXT.
9

Info CHIEF's Most Frequently Asked Questions

Call (919) 541-5285 or e-mail info.chief@epamail.epa.gov

if you have questions!

Q: My computer has a fax modem. Can I use this to get documents from Fax CHIEF?

A: Unfortunately, you cannot use a fax modem. Fax CHIEF is an automated system that can only be

used if you have a fax machine with a phone receiver or a speaker phone and a touch-tone keypad. The

system works much like voice-mail, so you must be able to hear the recorded instructions and respond to

them through your touch-tone keypad. In addition, the system will automatically send the faxed document to the machine from which you are calling, which means that you cannot call from a telephone and

then “program” it to send the document to your fax machine. Please use the CHIEF BBS or EFIG Web

Page to obtain documents through your computer.

Q: I’d like to keep up to date on EFIG activities. If I call and give you my e-mail address, can you

put me on the EFIG List server?

A: The EFIG List server is one of our newest ways to communicate important information from the EPA’s

Emission Factor and Inventory Group, and is also a way for you to automatically receive the electronic

(ASCII text) version of CHIEF Newsletter. Because the EFIG List server is on a fully automated system,

it is not possible for us to take your e-mail address and put it on the list for you. The only way for you to

get on the List server is to subscribe by sending an e-mail message to listserver@unixmail.rtpnc.epa.gov

and then typing in the body of the message “subscribe CHIEF firstname lastname”, using your first and

last name.

Q: Is the Air CHIEF CD-ROM version 4.0 (July 1995) the latest version? If so, when will the next

version be available?

A: Yes, version 4.0 is the latest version. Due to the Government shutdown in early 1996 and a shorter

budget, we have not been able to update the Air CHIEF CD-ROM this year. We expect to resume

development of the new Air CHIEF CD-ROM soon and hope to have a new version available by the end

of 1997. The new CD will include TANKS 3.0, AP-42 Supplements A and B, the latest FIRE criteria and

toxic emission factors, and Emission Inventory Improvement Program (EIIP) documents.

Latest version of 1990 National Emission Inventory

The 1990 National Emission Inventory has been compiled under a joint effort by the Ozone

Transport and Assessment Group and the EPA. The latest version of this inventory is currently

available on the anonymous FTP server: earth1.epa.gov under the pub/gopher/EmisInventory

directory (be sure to use upper/lower case letters as shown). Please review the text file

(nei90fmt.txt) for more information and notify the respective state contact listed in this file if you

have any questions regarding the specific data. If you have questions regarding the methodologies used to generate the inventory or about the data format, please call either Chet Wayland,

(919) 541-4603 or Steve Bromberg, (919) 541-1000 at EPA.

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Info CHIEF Update

by Angela Andrews, Lockheed Martin

The Info CHIEF help desk is always evolving. We are now constructing HTML pages for the new Emission Factor and Inventory Group (EFIG) Web Pages, converting electronic documents to Adobe Acrobat®

, and beginning some work in Computer Based Training (CBT) for a new EFIG CD-ROM. We’re still

here to answer your phone calls (between 500 and 1000 per month), to assist you with the Fax CHIEF,

the CHIEF BBS and Web Page, and EFIG software such as FIRE and TANKS. Our training classes this

year took us to Charlotte, Nashville and New Orleans; in December we’ll conduct a class right here in our

office building in Research Triangle Park, NC. Ongoing projects continue as we get more sophisticated

at creating an online newsletter and better looking brochures while trying to keep up with your document requests and referrals. Our Fax CHIEF system gets about

300-400 downloads a month, and the CHIEF BBS, FTP,

and Web Page gets about 2,500downloads a week! Your

comments are always welcome; we really enjoy serving

you. We are often tied up helping other customers, so

we encourage you to leave a message on our voice mail

if you cannot get through to us right away. We are usually able to return your call within minutes.

Call

Info CHIEFInfo CHIEF

 at

(919) 541-5285!

Treatment of Non-Detects in Developing Emission Factors

by Roy Huntley, EFIG

When developing hazardous air pollutant (HAP) emission factors for AP-42, handling non-detects can

be difficult because many of the toxics are either not present in the stack gas or they exist in concentrations very near the detection limit. Although there is no true convention for this, EFIG has developed an

approach which seems fairly mainstream. Briefly, our protocol is as follows: Where analysis has been

conducted and compounds have been below detection limits, report the compound as “less than” the

detectable limit. Where compounds have been detected in some tests but not detected in other tests,

use one half of the detection limits as the value for the purposes of averaging between the two tests.

There are some finer points, and for a more in-depth discussion of this subject, chapter 4 of the Procedures for Preparing Emission Factor Document—an EFIG document currently under construction—will

have more details. Look for the Procedures document to be available on the CHIEF BBS and web page

in March 1997.

The CHIEF Newsletter

Volume VII, No. 4

Fall 1996

The CHIEF Newsletter is produced quarterly by the Emission Factor and

Inventory Group; Emissions, Monitoring, and Analysis Division; of EPA’s

Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards. Its purpose is to enhance

communication within the emission factor and inventory community by providing new and useful information and by allowing for the exchange of information between and among its readers. Comments on the Newsletter

and articles for inclusion in it are welcome and should be directed to Emission Factor and Inventory Group (MD-14), US EPA, Research Triangle Park,

NC 27711; telephone (919) 541-5285.

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