PB 151361

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WORLD MAPS OF F2 CRITICAL

FREQUENCIES AND MAXIMUM

USABLE FREQUENCY FACTORS

U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS
National Bureau of Standards

SEP 2 1 1980

105,354

QC100

.U5753

Copy 1
NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

April 1959

WORLD MAPS OF F2 CRITICAL FREQUENCIES AND

MAXIMUM USABLE FREQUENCY FACTORS

Donald H. Zacharisen

This work was prepared in response to

Study Program 60 and Recommendation

176 of the International Radio Consultative Committee (CCIR).

NBS Technical Notes are designed to supplement the Bureau's regular publications program. They provide a means for making available scientific data that are of

transient or limited interest. Technical Notes may be

listed or referred to in the open literature. They are for

sale by the Office of Technical Services, U. S. Department of Commerce, Washington 25, D. C.

DISTRIBUTED BY

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

OFFICE OF TECHNICAL SERVICES

WASHINGTON 25, D. C.

Prlce$ 3. 50

uSC0»»->«5-Bl

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

I. INTRODUCTION AND HISTORY 1

II. A DESCRIPTION OF WORLD PREDICTION MAPS,

PREDICTION CHARTS AND AIDS 2

III. INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE OF WORLD PREDICTION

MAPS, PREDICTION CHARTS, AND AIDS k

IV. SAMPLE CALCULATIONS 9

V. FIGURES AND TABLES - —- Ik

VI. WORLD PREDICTION MAPS AND PREDICTION

CHARTS - 22

WORLD MAPS OF F2 CRITICAL FREQUENCIES AND

MAXIMUM USABLE FREQUENCY FACTORS

by

Donald' H. Zacharisen

Abstract

This report was prepared for the purpose of presenting six months of contour maps and charts for use in predicting F2-layer maximum usable frequencies. Prediction

maps for each even hour of Greenwich Mean Time and charts

in which time is continuous along the abscissa are given

for the months of January, March, June, July, September

and December.

The four parameters used for predicting MUFs are

foF2 and the ij-000 km MUF factor for a twelve -month running

average Zurich sunspot number of 50, and the rates of

change of foF2 and J+000 km MUF factor with sunspot number.

The first three parameters use a map presentation with GMT

constant over the surface of the map. The fourth parameter uses a chart presentation in which the ordinate is

geomagnetic latitude and the abscissa is local time.

1. INTRODUCTION AND HISTORY

The preparation of world prediction maps for use in predicting median maximum usable frequencies (MUFs) for F2-layer transmission has been undertaken at the Central Radio Propagation

Laboratory and it is the purpose of this report to present the

first six months of maps. The prediction maps are prepared for

average conditions.

Construction of these prediction maps is based on the

observed regression of F2 ordinary-wave critical frequency (foF2

)

and F2 maximum usable frequency factor (M-^000, the MUF factor

for a transmission distance of k-000 km, in particular) on the

twelve -month running- average Zurich sunspot number (RASSN) at a

given location, month of the year, and time of day as estimated

from the data collected at many ionospheric sounding stations.

The regression curves are not known precisely, but by now up to

15 points (one for each year) are available for estimating them,

and this information has been considered sufficient to warrant

the construction of world maps of foF2 and M-^000 factor covering

essentially all sunspot numbers. Since the regression curves are

observed to be essentially straight lines over a wide range of

RASSN, every RASSN in that range can be included by giving, for

example, the ordinate to the line (foF2 or M-4000) at RASSN 50

and the slope of the line.

Each final prediction map corresponds to an even hour of

Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) which is also known as Universal Time

(UT), Zebra Time (ZT), or 0° longitude time. To plot the value

of one of the four parameters at any given station for the given

GMT directly from the regression lines, which are given for each

hour of local time (LT), requires an interpolation between adjacent hours of LT in general. Linear interpolation would introduce

a systematic error, or bias, which may be substantial due to the

rapid non-linear diurnal variation of foF2 c An alternative, and

the method used, is to draw contour "maps" for each of which the

LT, rather than the GMT, Is constant and the abscissa is GMT as

well as longitude and subsequently to draw the final GMT predic-
- 2 -

tion maps using as many points as desired from the LT maps.

This procedure is used by Naismith with the monthly predictions

of the Radio Research Station (Bulletin A), Slough, England. A

study of the errors of the procedure described above has been

considered by Crow and Zacharisen. Prediction tables for

points on the surface of the earth at latitudes greater than 35°

North have been prepared by the Radio Physics Laboratory of

Canada

.

Construction of the prediction maps has been greatly facilitated by the availability of data collected from many ionospheric

sounding stations for the years beginning about 19^3 or later e

(Earlier data are not always used because of changes in instrumentation and methods of scaling.) These data were in a form

suitable for preparing world prediction maps because of their

previous or simultaneous inclusion in the monthly Basic Radio

Propagation Predictions (CRPL Series D), which the Central Radio

Propagation Laboratory has been publishing since July 1, 19^6

(published as IRPL Series D from September 1, 19^ to June 1,

19^6). A description of the preparation and use of these predictions may be found in Sections 6 .k and 6 6 of Reference 3 and

in Reference k.

II. A DESCRIPTION OF WORLD PREDICTION MAPS

PREDICTION CHARTS AND AIDS

Figure k shows the map projection that was used in producing

all of the world prediction maps. This map will be used in determining the location of the desired communication path endpoints.

Figure 5, a great circle chart centered on the equator, is based

on the same projection used in the above map of the world. The

two will be used together in order to determine the great circle

communication path lying between a transmitting and receiving station that are of interest to the user. The world prediction maps

are all presented for each even hour of the day. The prediction

charts of slope of regression line of M-4000 factor on RASSN do

not utilize a map of the world but instead have time of day rather

than longitude as the abscissa. Hence there are fewer charts to

represent this parameter than there are maps to represent the

other parameters. It was determined, from the results of a pilot

study, that it would be of doubtful value to attempt to specify

this parameter in much detail.

Figure 6, a distance nomogram, is used to obtain F2-layer

MUFs for communication paths of intermediate distances (0 to ^000

km) between the values of foF2 and F2-4000 MUF provided by the

world prediction maps and prediction charts. The nomogram has

F2-zero-MUF rather than foF2 along the left vertical axis. The

required value of F2-zero-MUF may be obtained by adding an

approximate value of one-half of the gyrofrequency (f ) to the

value of foF2 obtained from the prediction maps* This value of
- 3

- If is obtained from Table 1 in which it is assumed that f

depends only on geomagnetic latitude. The geomagnetic latitude,

for a given geographic latitude and longitude, may be obtained

from Table 2. 5

The prediction maps for foF2 at RASSN 50 and M-lj-000 factor

at RASSN 50 are used respectively with those for the slope of

regression of foF2 on RASSN and the prediction charts of the

slope of regression of M-4000 factor on RASSN . The prediction

maps of the first two parameters above give the value of foF2 or

M-lj-OOO factor at a RASSN of 50 for a given geographical location.

The prediction maps of the third parameter give the rate of

change of foF2 with RASSN for a given geographical location.

The prediction charts of the fourth parameter give the rate of

change of M-^000 factor with RASSN for a given geomagnetic latitude. For example, a value from the map of foF2 at RASSN 50

used with a corresponding value from the map of the rate of

change of foF2 with RASSN will give the value of foF2 for essentially all values of RASSN.

The prediction maps and aids included in this report are

seen to require an additional factor before the desired MUFs can

be calculated. This missing factor is a predicted value of

RASSN such as is supplied five months in advance of the month in

question by CRPL using the McNish- Lincoln method.

There is a rather simple set of equations that may be used

to obtain MUFs and optimum working frequencies (OWFs) from the

world prediction maps, prediction charts, and aids included in

this report and a predicted value of RASSN » The following symbols, some abbreviated from regular usage, will be defined for

their use in presenting these equations:

R = predicted RASSN

f (R) = median ordinary-wave critical frequency

(median foF2) at RASSN R (denotes median

foF2 as a function of R),

f (50) = median foF2 at RASSN 50.

b„ = slope of the regression line of median foF2

on RASSN (the rate of change of median foF2

with RASSN).

M(R) = median maximum usable frequency factor for

a transmission distance of ^000 kilometers

(median M-4000) at RASSN R.

M(50) = median M-^000 at RASSN 50.

bM

= slope of the regression line of median M-^000

factor on RASSN (rate of change of median

M-lj-000 factor with RASSN).

F2-zero-MUF(R) = maximum usable frequency for a transmission

distance of zero kilometers at RASSN R.

F2-^-000-MUF(R) = maximum usable frequency for a transmission

distance of ^000 kilometers at RASSN R.

frr = gyrofrequency.

n

f (R) = f (50) + (R-50)b

f

.

M(R) = M(50) + (R-50)bM.

f (R) + fH

/2 = median F2-zero-MUF(R).

[f(R)][M(R)] = median F2-^000-MUF(R).

f (50), b

f

, and M(50) are read from their respective maps at the

geographical location of the midpoint of the great-circle path

between the transmitting and receiving stations b,, is read M

from a chart at the geomagnetic latitude of the midpoint of the
- k -

great circle path between the transmitting and receiving stations-. The predicted value of RASSN sent out to the users of

this report will be one that would be expected to give the user

the best results in predicting MUFs rather than one that will

predict most closely a correct value of RASSN. Even with this

condition, the value of RASSN that will be sent to the user will

follow closely the predicted or expected value of RASSN.

The world prediction maps of foF2 at RASSN 50 and M-^000

factor at RASSN 50 were drawn from median values and so using

the values from these maps in the above equations will result in

median values of F2-4000-MUF(R) and F2-zero-MUF(R) The median

value is of course the middle value when the observed data are

arranged in order of magnitude. Oommunications at the MUF calculated from these prediction maps and charts should be effective

approximately 50$ of the time.

A value of F2-MUF that should be effective approximately 90$

of the time may be easily obtained from the above median F2-MUF.

It might be found by taking 85$ of the median F2-4000-MUF(R) and

85$ of the median F2-zero-MUF(R), but it is simpler just to take

85$ of the median F2-MUF for which the distance interpolation has

already been made. Both" methods can be seen to yield the same

results.

III. INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE OF WORLD PREDICTION

MAPS, PREDICTION CHARTS AND AIDS

A good deal of the material in this section has been taken

iirectly from National Bureau of Standards Circular 465. ^ This

circular is probably familiar to many users of this report and

it was felt that as it has stood the test of many years of serT

vice that, where applicable, the use of the same text would aid

in determining F2-layer MUFs from the material included herein.

It is suggested that this report be placed in a standard three

ring, looseleaf notebook and the staples removed so that the

pages will lie flat.

1. Determination of Great-Circle Distances and

Locations of Transmission Control Points

Figure k is a map of the world. Figure 5 is a chart to the

same scale as Figure 4, on which the solid-line curves crossing

the equator at two points l80° apart represent great circles.

The numbered dot-dash lines crossing the great circles indicate

distances along them in thousands of kilometers. In using Figures k and 5, proceed as follows:

(a) Place a piece of transparent paper over the map,

Figure 4, and draw the equatorial line (zero degrees) and the

120 °W longitude line. Place dots over the locations of the

transmitting and receiving stations. Also mark the Greenwich

meridian (0°) for use in determining GMT from the prediction

charts of slope of regression line of M-^000 factor on RASSN.

(b) Place this transparency over the chart, Figure 5, and,

keeping the equatorial line of the transparency always on the

equatorial line of Figure 5, slide the transparency horizontally

until the terminal points marked on it either fall on the same

great circle or are the same proportional distance between adjacent great-circle curves Q Draw in the great-circle path which

passes through the terminal points. The paths between Washington, D. C. and Miami, Florida, and Washington, D u C. and Trieste
- 5

-

are shown in their correct positions on Figure 2.

(c) For paths shorter than 1+000 km, locate the midpoint of

the path, keeping the transparency in position on Figure 5 and

using as a distance scale the points at which the numbered lines

in Figure 5 cross the path as drawn on the transparency. The

midpoint of the Washington-Miami path is at M on Figure 5.

(d) For paths longer than ^000 km, designating the ends as

the A-end and B-end, respectively, locate on the path and mark

with a dot the following "control points", scaling the distances

as in (c) above:

Points A and B, 2000 km from each end. These points

for the Washington Trieste path are shown in Figure 5«

2. Calculation of Maximum Usable Frequencies

and Optimum Working Frequencies

2.1 Determination of MUF and 0WF for distances less

than or equal to ^000 km

(a) The use of a work sheet similar to that of Figure 7 is

suggested. Put a check in the space "Path less than or equal to

i+000 km "

(b) To determine the MUF:

(l) Place the great circle transparency over the map

of foF2 at RASSN 50 for 0000 hours GMT and keep the equatorial line of the transparency over the equatorial line of

the map and the 120 °W line of the transparency over the

120°W line of the map (ignoring the Greenwich meridian for

the present).

(2) Read the value of foF2 for the midpoint of the

path and enter as f(50) in Column a. of Figure 7«

(3) Repeat for the 0200, 0^00, 0600, etc. maps.

(h) Repeat steps (l), (2), and (3) for the maps of

the slope of the regression line of foF2 on RASSN and again

for the maps of M-1+000 factor at RASSN 50 and enter values

as b„ in Column b. and as M(50) in Column e., respectively,

of Figure 7.

(5) Compute the value of (R-50), using the predicted

value of R for the desired month, and enter this value in

Columns c. and g. of Figure 7«

(6) From Figure k, determine the geographical coordinates of the communication path midpoint which was located

in Section l(c) above. Table 2 is then used to find the

geomagnetic latitude of the midpoint. Geographic latitude

is located along the vertical axis of Table 2 and geographic

longitude is located along the horizontal axis. From l80°E

to 36O °E longitude on Table 2 corresponds to the same segment of the earth as from l80°W to 0° longitude,,

(7) Place the great circle transparency over the prediction chart of the slope of the regression line of M-4000

factor on RASSN and keeping the equatorial line of the transparency over the equatorial line of the chart, mark the geomagnetic latitude by a dot on the meridian passing through

the midpoint determined in Section l(c). In other words,
- 6 -

place the dot at the correct geomagnetic latitude, using

the vertical scale of the prediction chart as a guide, on

a line perpendicular to the equatorial line and passing

through the path midpoint, already on the transparency.

(8) Again keeping the equatorial line of the transparency over the equatorial line of the chart, slide the

transparency horizontally until the Greenwich meridian of

the transparency coincides with 0000 hours on the local

time (LT) scale.

Note that all points on the great-circle path are in their

proper LT relationship to Greenwich because 2k hours on the

time scale of the prediction chart is drawn to the same

scale as 360 of longitude on the world map.

(9) Read the value of the slope of the regression

line of M-14-000 factor on RASSN for the location of the dot

determined in Instruction (7) above and enter as bw in M

Column f . of Figure 7.

Note that on the prediction chart (-) refers to an algebraic increase in a negative direction of values inside the

contour so specified while (+) refers to an algebraic

decrease in a negative direction of values inside of the

contour so specified.

(10) Repeat for 0200, 0^00, 0600, etc. on the time

scale. Frequently it will be necessary to make the Greenwich meridian of the transparency coincide with an imagined

2600, 2800, 3000, etc. on the time scale. A convenient aid

is to place marks at two hour intervals on the equatorial

line of the transparency.

(11) Compute the values for Columns d, h, and i. of

Figure 7 from the equation at the heading of each of these

columns. The equation from Column d. is f (R) = f (50) +

(R-50)b . It might be noted that f(R) and f (50) indicate

the median foF2 as a function of RASSN R and RASSN 50,

respectively, while (R-50)b indicates a multiplication of

the factor (R-50) times b , the rate of change of median

foF2 with RASSN.

(12) Use the value of geomagnetic latitude of the

path midpoint found in Instruction (6) above to obtain onehalf of the gyrofrequency (f_) from Table 1. Add this

n

value of f /2 to the value of median foF2 for all even

hours to obtain median F2-zero-MUF(R) and insert the values

in Column j. of Figure 7.

(13) For each hour place a straightedge between the

values of F2-zero-MUF(R) and F2-^000-MUF(R) at the lefthand and right-hand sides, respectively, of the grid nomogram, Figure 6, and read the value of the MUF for the

actual path length at the intersection point of the

straightedge with the appropriate vertical distance line,

interpolating between the oblique lines. Enter the values

in Column k. of Figure 7.

(Ik) Calculate the F2-0WF by multiplying each value

of median F2-MUF in Column k. by the factor 0.85 or by
- 7

-

using the conversion scale contained in Figure 6. Enter

the values in Column 1. of Figure rJ.

2.2 Determination of MUF and OWF for distances

greater than 4000 km

(a) General Considerations:

The procedure outlined below is based on the following assumptions:

(1) That there are F2-layer control points A and B.

(2) That the highest frequency that can be propagated from the A-end to the B-end is the lower of the two

frequencies of A and B above.

(3) That the frequency obtained in (2) is the same

for propagation from the B-end to the A-end.

(b) The use of a work sheet similar to Figure 7 is suggested. Two sheets should be used with one for the A-end and one

for the B-end. Put a check on both sheets in the space on the

top of the sheet entitled "Path greater than ^000 km ".

For the first sheet, place a check in "A-end " and for the

second sheet, place a check in "B-end ". Column j. will

not be used in either sheet. The lower of A and B will be

entered in Column k. of one of the sheets and the OWF will be

computed from this and entered in Column 1. of the same sheet.

Columns k. and 1. in the second sheet can remain blank or be

filled in with the same information as the first sheet in order

to provide a more complete record.

(c) Locate the control points A and B as explained in

Section 1. For very long paths the "short route" (minor arc of

the great-circle path) and the "long route" (major arc) need be

considered.

(d) To determine the MUF:

(1) Place the great circle transparency over the map

of foF2 at RASSN 50 for 0000 hours GMT and keep the equatorial line of the transparency over the equatorial line

of the map and the 120 °W line of the transparency over the

120%/ line of the map (ignoring the Greenwich meridian for

the present).

(2) Read the value of foF2 for control point A and

enter as f(50) in Column a. of Figure rJ. The designation

"A-end" at the top of the work sheet will have been checked

for this work sheet in Instruction 2.2(b) above.

(3) Repeat for the 0200, 0^00, 0600, etc. maps.

(k) Repeat steps (l), (2), and (3) for the maps of

the slope of the regression line of foF2 on RASSN and

again for the maps of M-^000 factor at RASSN 50 and enter

values as b in Column b. and as M(50) in Column e, respectively, of Figure 7.

(5) Compute the value of (R-50), using the predicted

value of R for the desired month, and enter this value in

Columns c. and g. of Figure 7»
- 8 -

(6) From Figure k, determine the geographical coordinates of the location of control point A which was located in Section l(d) above. Table 2 is then used to find

the geomagnetic latitude of A. Geographic latitude is

located along the vertical axis of Table 2 and geographic

longitude is located along the horizontal axis. From l80°E

to 360°E longitude on this chart corresponds to the same

segment of the earth as from 180 W to 0° longitude.

(7) Place the great circle transparency over the prediction chart of the slope of the regression line of M-^000

factor on RASSN and keeping the equatorial line of the

transparency over the equatorial line of the chart, mark

the geomagnetic latitude by a dot on the meridian passing

through control point A determined in Section l(d). In

other words, place the dot at the correct geomagnetic latitude, using the vertical scale of the prediction chart as a

guide, on a line perpendicular to the equatorial line and

passing through control point A, already on the transparency.

(8) Again keeping the equatorial line of the transparency over the equatorial line of the chart, slide the

transparency horizontally until the Greenwich meridian of

the transparency coincides with 0000 hours on the local time

(LT) scale.

Note that all points on the great-circle path are in their

proper LT relationship to Greenwich because 2k hours on the

time scale of the prediction chart is drawn to the same

scale as 36O of longitude on the world map.

(9) Read the value of the slope of the regression

line of M-^000 factor on RASSN for the location of the dot

determined in Instruction (7) above and enter as b in

Column f . of Figure 7.

Note that on the prediction chart (-) refers to an algebraic increase in a negative direction of values inside of

the contour so specified while (+) refers to an algebraic

decrease in a negative direction of values inside of the

contour so specified.

(10) Repeat for 0200, 0^00, 0600, etc. on the time

scale. Frequently it will be necessary to make the Greenwich meridian of the transparency coincide with an imagined

2600, 2800, 3000, etc. on the time scale. A convenient aid

is to place marks at two hour intervals on the equatorial

line of the transparency.

(11) Compute the values for Columns d, h, and i. of

Figure 7 from the equation at the heading of each of these

columns.

(12) Repeat steps (l) through (ll) for control point

B. The second work sheet which has a check, from Instruction 2.2(b) above, in the designation "B-end " at the

top of the work sheet will be used to record the values

from control point B»
- 9

-

(13) For each of the even hours compare the two

values of median F2-lK)00-MUF(R), Column i. of Figure 7,

from the two work sheets representing control point A and

control point B. The lower of the two values, the MUF for

the A- end and the MUF for the B-end, is the MUF for a given

even hour for the transmission path. Record this median

F2-MUF for the path in Column k. of one of the two work

sheets. The same information may be recorded in Column k.

of the other work sheet for a more complete record.

(lk) The values in Column k. are then multiplied by

0.85 or fitted to the conversion scale in Figure 6 in order

to find the F2-0WF for the path. The values obtained are

inserted in Column 1. of the one sheet (or both sheets if

desired) that has the values of median F2-MUF for the path

in Column k.#

IV. SAMPLE MUF AND OWF CALCULATIONS

1. Short Path

The MUF and OWF for the great-circle communication path

between Washington, D. C. (39.0°N, 77-5 °W) and Miami, FLorida

(25.7°N, 80.5 °W) have been determined for average conditions for

the month of June using a RASSN of 35. This was the observed

RASSN for June of 1955 and so the values that have been computed

would correspond to the conditions encountered during that

period. This of course does not mean that this is the value of

RASSN that would have been predicted. It is possible that the

predicted value would fit the conditions encountered more precisely than the observed RASSN.

The values that have been calculated are shown in Figure 1.

It will be noted here that the values recorded in Columns a, b,

e, and f . of Figure 1 will always apply for the above communication path for the month of June. The values in Columns c. and

g. will vary from year to year with changes in the value of RASSN,

The values for Columns a, b, e, and f . could therefore be scaled,

for a given month and transmission path, well in advance of the

receipt of the predicted value of RASSN.

2. Long Path

The MUF and OWF for the great-circle communication path

between Washington, D. C. (39.0°N, 77-5°W) and Trieste (^5.7°N,

I3.8 °E) have been determined for average conditions for the

month of December using a RASSN of 8l. This was the observed

RASSN for December of 1955 and so the values that have been

computed would correspond to the conditions encountered during

that period. Again, this does not mean that this is the value

of RASSN that would have been predicted. It is again possible

that the predicted value would fit the conditions encountered

more precisely than the observed RASSN.

The values that have been calculated for the control point

A are shown in Figure 2 and the values calculated for control

point B are shown in Figure 3. Column j. is not used and

Columns k. and 1. contain the same values for both sheets.
- 10 -

Again, it will be noted that the values recorded in Columns a,

b, e, and f . of both Figures 2 and 3 "will always apply for the

above communication path for the month of December. The values

in Columns c, and g. will vary from year to year with changes in

the value of RASSN. The values for Columns a, b, e, and f

could therefore be scaled, for a given month and transmission

path, well in advance of the receipt of the predicted value of

RASSN.

REFERENCES

1. Crow, E. L. and Zacharisen, D. H., "The error in prediction

of F2 maximum usable frequencies by world maps based on

sunspot number", Rroc . of the Symposium on Statistical

Methods in Radio Wave Propagation (U.C.LoA. June 18-2),

1958) W. C. Hoffman ed. Pergamon Press (^7 ms. pp., in

press).

2 Radio Physics Laboratory Report No 1-1- 3, "Prediction of

optimum traffic frequencies for northern latitudes", Defence

Research Board, Canada, November 195^-.

3. NBS Circular 462, "ionospheric radio propagation", U. S. Govt

Printing Office, 19^9.

k. NBS Circular 465, "instructions for the use of basic radio

propagation predictions", U. S. Govt Printing Office, 19^7.

5. Vestine, E. H., Laporte, L., Lange, I., Cooper, C, Hendrix,

W. C, "Description of the earth 1 s main magnetic field and

its secular change 1905-I945", Carnegie Institution of

Washington Publication 578, Washington, D. C D , 1948, pp.

28-33.

6. McNish, A. G., and Lincoln, J. V., "Prediction of sunspot

numbers", Trans, of the Amer. Geophys. Union, Vol. 30,

pp. 673-685, 19^9
- 11 -

SOLUTION OF F2-LAYER TRANSMISSION PROBLEM

From Washington, P. C To Miami, Florida Distance 1500 km. Predicted for June 19

Check correct ones:

Path less than or equal to (^) 4000 km„ __X

Path greater than (>) km ; A-end or B-end

Geomagnetic latitude for path midpoint 43 °N ; or for control point A _

One-half gyrofrequency for path midpoing 0.6 Mc; or for control point A

or control point B _

Mc or control point B Mc

Note : All frequencies are in Megacycles

GMT f(50) b

f

(R-50)

f GO =

f(50) + (R-50)b

f

M(50) b

M

(R-50) M(R) =

M(50) + (R-50)bM

[f(R)][M(R)] =

median

F2-4000-MUF(R)

f(R) + fH/2 = median

F2-zero-MUF(R)

median F2-

MUF for

path

F2-0WF

for

path

a b c d e f g h i J k 1

frocedurc Scale Scale Compute Compute Scale Scale Compute Compute Compute Compute

Scale for ^ 4000 km.

Lower of A and B

for > 4000 km.

Compute

00 7*2 o023 -15 6.9 3.42 -.0043 -15 3.48 24o0 7.5 14.0 11.9

02 6.5 .026 -15 6.1 3.35 -.0051 -15 3.43 20.9 6.7 12.3 10.5

04 5.2 .029 -15 4.8 3.25 -.0052 -15 3.33 16.0 5.4 9.6 8.2

06 4.7 .030 -15 4.2 3.21 -.0042 -15 3.27 13.7 4.8 8.3 7.1

08 4.2 .025 -15 3.8 3.32 -.0042 -15 3.38 12.8 4.4 7.8 6.6

10 4.0 o021 -15 3.7 3.35 -.0043 -15 3.41 12.6 4o3 7.6 6.5

12 5*3 .019 -15 5.0 3.40 -.0042 -15 3.46 17o3 5.6 10.3 8.8

14 6.1 .021 -15 5.8 3.23 -.0042 -15 3.29 19.1 6.4 11.4 9.7

16 6.4 .024 -15 6.0 3.14 -.0043 -15 3.20 19.2 6.6 11.6 9.9

18 6.7 .025 -15 6.3 3.16 -.0041 -15 3.22 20.6 6.9 12.3 10.5

20 6.7 .025 -15 6.3 3.18 -.0039 -15 3.24 20.4 6„9 12.3 10.5

22 7.1 .023 -15 6.8 3.25 -.0040 -15 3.31 22.5 7.4 13.4 11.4

Done by

Checked

Solution of short-path transmission problem (less than or equal to 4000 km) - use one work sheet.

Solution of long-path transmission problem (greater than 4000 km) - use two sheets, one for control point A and one for control point B.

FIGURE 1
- 12 -

SOLUTION OF F2 -LAYER TRANSMISSION PROBLEM

From Washington, D. C. To Trieste Distance, 7100 km. Predicted for December 19

Check correct ones

Path less than or equal to (^) 4000 km

Path greater than (>) 4000 km X J A-end_ X or B-end

Geomagnetic latitude for path midpoint __

One-half gyrofrequency for path midpoint

; or for control point A 60 °N or control point B

Mc; or for control point A 0.7 Mc or control point B Mc

Note: All frequencies are in Megacycles

GMT f(50) b

f (R-50)

fOO =

f (50) + (R-50)b

f

M(50) bM

(R-50)

m(r) =

m(50) + (R-50)bM

[f(R)J[M(R)J =

median

F2-4000-MUF(R)

f (R) + fH/2 =

median

F2-zero-MUF(R)

median F2-

MUF for

path

F2-0WF

for

path

a b c d e f g h i J k 1

Procedure Scale Scale Compute Compute Scale Scale Compute Compute Compute

Scale for ^ 4000 km.

Compute - jOWer of a and B

for > 4000 km.

Compute

00 3.7 .028 31 4.6 3.30 -.0028 31 3.21 14.8 9.5 8.1

02 3.0 .015 31 3-5 3.21 -.0029 31 3.12 10.9 10o0 8.5

04 2.9 .013 31 3.3 3.21 -.0029 31 3.12 10.3 9*4 8.0

06 2.8 .016 31 3.3 3.23 -.0029 31 3.14 10.4 8.5 7.2

08 2.8 .016 31 3.3 3.30 -.0029 31 3.21 10.6 10.6 9.0

10 2.7 .015 31 3.2 3.34 -.0029 31 3.25 10.4 10.4 8.8

12 5.2 .029 31 6.1 3.70 -.0030 31 3*61 22.0 22.0 18.7

l4 7.6 .048 31 9.1 3.76 -.0040 31 3.64 33.1 33.1 28.1

16 8.1 .051 31 9.7 3.68 -.0041 31 3.55 34.4 31.4 26.7

18 8.1 .051 31 9.7 3.65 -.oo4i 31 3.52 34.1 20.3 17.3

20 6.7 .047 31 8.2 3.62 -.0035 31 3.51 28.8 13.6 11.6

22 4.8 .039 31 6.0 3.50 -.0029 31 3.41 20.5 10.5 8.9

Done by

Checked

Solution of short-path transmission problem (less than or equal to 4000 km) - use one -work sheet.

Solution of long-path transmission problem (greater than 4000 km) - use two sheets, one for control point A and one for control point B.

FIGURE 2
- 13 -

SOLUTION OF F2-LAYER TRANSMISSION PROBLEM

From Washington, D. C. To Trieste Distance, 7100 km. Predicted for December 19

Check correct ones:

Path less than or equal to (^) 4000 km.

Path greater than (>) 4000 km. X ; A-end or B-end X

Geomagnetic latitude for path midpoint __ One -half gyrofrequency for path midpoint

; or for control point A__

Mc; or for control point A

or control point B 57°N

Mc or control point B 0.6 Mc

Note : All frequencies are In Megacycles

GMT f(50) b

f

(R-50)

f GO =

f(50) + (R-50)b

f

M(50) bM(R-50)

M(R) =

M(50)+(R-50)bM

[f(R)][M(R)] =

median

F2-4000-MUF(R)

f (R) + fH/2 =

median

F2-zero-MUF(R)

median F2-

MUF for

path

F2-0WF

for

path

a b c d e f g h i J k 1

Procedure Scale Scale Compute Compute Scale Scale Compute Compute Compute Compute

Scale for ^ 4000 km.

Lower of A and B

for > 4000 km.

Compute

00 2.9 .008 31 3.1 3.16 -.0030 31 3.07 9.5 9.5 8.1

02 3.0 .009 31 3.3 3.13 -.0030 31 3.04 10.0 10.0 8.5

04 2.8 .010 31 3.1 3.12 -.0030 31 3.03 9.k 9A 8.0

06 2.4 .011 31 2.7 3.24 -.0030 31 3.15 8.5 8.5 7.2

08 2.9 .018 31 3.5 3.31 -.0030 31 3.22 11.3 10.6 9.0

10 6.5 .038 31 7.7 3.79 - . 0040 31 3.67 28.3 10.4 8.8

12 8.0 .050 31 9.5 3.83 -.0042 31 3.70 35.2 22.0 18.7

14 7.9 .052 31 9.5 3c 73 - . 0043 31 3.60 3^.2 33.1 28.1

16 7.3 .048 31 8.8 3.70 -.0042 31 3.57 3iA 31

26.7

18 4.7 .037 31 5-8 3.60 -.0032 31 3.50 20.3 20.3 17.3

20 3.5 .022 31 4.2 3.3^ -.0029 31 3.25 13.6 13.6 11.6

22 3.0 .014 31 3.k 3.19 -.0029 31 3.10 10.5 10.5 8.9

Done by

Checked

Solution of short-path transmission problem (less than or equal to 4000 km) - use one work sheet.

Solution of long-path transmission problem (greater than 4000 km) - use two sheets, one for control point A and one for control point B.

FIGURE 3
- Ik -

V. FIGURE AND TABLES
-15-

MAP OF THE WORLD

90°i—

80° 100° 120° 140° 160° east 180° west 160° 140° 120° I00c 80c 60 £ 40° 20° WEST 0° EAST 20c 40°

90

)0°

CRPL BASE MAP

•ooirito cimoiuc*!. »*oj(ctio«

60° 80° 100° 120° 140° 160° east I80°west 160° 140° 120° 100° 80° 60° 40° 20° west 0° east 20° 40£ «?

0°

FIGURE 4
-16-

GREAT CIRCLE CHART CENTERED ON EQUATOR. SOLID LINES REPRESENT GREAT CIRCLES. NUMBERED DOT-DASH LINES INDICATE

DISTANCES IN THOUSANDS OF KILOMETERS.

FIGURE 5
- 17

-

ii- o

J J_ "^T^r

Z> U. I*<O

oo

dfllAJ 0001? LU

O

OO

LUO2<

hcoQ

I 'i c

6

rO

CO

m CO

—

o

O

e

u

b

6

m

CO

ro

u> ID Ji o ~ 6

JT

— =>

t

3

'i'

=

O ->

u.

<

3

u. 9: O I- « =2

5*5

00t> 002

JDIAI 0d3Z

IO

OJO

hu_3

cr>oo

00

l-Ll o

o1

&yo 92 O Q

IBQ 00 i o

crUJN

< . cr oo H UJ

LU

O

<

I LU LU

cr llcd LU

z. \~

o

2cr

-

§*

U_

<

O

£oo*

UJ £=

=> h- O Q.

LU

O

cr

Li- C9z

§£

«S8

FIGURE

6
- 18 -

SOLUTION OF F2-LAYER TRANSMISSION PROBLEM

From To Distance, km. Predicted for 19

Check correct ones:

Path less than or equal to (^) 4000 km.

Path greater than (>) 4000 km. ; A-end or B-end

Geomagnetic latitude for path midpoint _

One -half gyrofrequency for path midpoint

; or for control point A

Mc; or for control point A

or control point B

Mc or control point B Mc

Note: All frequencies are in Megacycles

GMT f(50) \

(R-50) f(R) =

f (50) + (R-50)b

f

M(50) M

(R-50) M(R) =

M(50) + (R-50)!^

[f(R)][M(R)] =

median

F2-4000-MUF(R)

f (R) + fH/2 =

median

F2-zero-MUF(R)

median F2-

MUF for

path

F2-0WF

for

path

a b c d e f g h l i k 1

Erocedure Scale Scale Compute Compute Scale Scale Compute Compute Compute Compute

Scale for ^ ^000 km.

Lower of A and B

for > 4000 km.

Compute

00

02

0U

06

08

10

12

Ik

16

18

20

22

Done by

Checked

Solution of short-path trans

Solution of long-path transn

mission problem (less than or equal to 4000 km) - use one work sheet.

lission problem (greater than ^000 km) - use two sheets, one for control point A and one for control point B.

FIGURE 7
- 19 -

An Approximate Value of One-half

the Gyrofrequency (fjj) as a Function

of Geomagnetic Latitude

(For use with values of foF2 sufficiently large with respect to f )

rl

\ Gyrofrequency (fR

) Geomagnetic Latitude

0.8 81 °N - 90 °N

0.7 60°N - 80 °N

0.6 4o°N - 59°N

0.5 21°N - 39°N

O.k 20°N - 20°S

0.5 21°S - 39°S

0.6 ^0°S - 59 °S

o.7 6o°s - 8o°s

0.8 8l°S - 90°S

TABLE 1
- 20 -

' 1 JJco r- in » n

r- p- p- p- pri oi p- in * p io io in io W O CO O tt

to to in m m

n h oi p in

in in *»• «!• »»• tO rH en p- in * * to to to

to rH oi r- m

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tO rl O. 00 CO

CM CM rl rl rl * CM O CO CO rl rl rl * CM O CM *

1 1

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1 1 1 1 1

CO 00 O Ol * ri ri CM Ol CM

1 1 1 1 1

to CO O CM to

CM ol to to to

1 1 1 1 1

in o en ri io to to to * *

1 1 1 1 1

ID O Ol rl tO * * * ID ID

1 1 1 1 1 IDMDON ID ID ID IO CO

1 1 1 1 1

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1 1 1 1 1

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p- p- c^ S p1 1 1 1 1

Oi oi en oi t- t^ O p 'III

iT)

r

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P- lO to IO CO

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to lO in in in N O CO IO V

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CM O CO IO * »}• * to to IO

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tO tO CM Ol Ol

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1 1 1

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to 00 O CM * * * ID ID ID

1 1 1 1 1

to to en ri to

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1 1 1 1 1

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m•a

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P- IO IO to to o oi p- in to

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rH O 00 tO *

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1 1 1

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p- p- (^ t^ p1 1 1 1 1

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r- <o * to >-> p- p- t- r- ro> p- to * cm

to IO IO IO tO O CO IO * CM

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CM rl rl rl rl

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1 1 1 1 1

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o

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p- p- r- p- pen p- in io 1-4 to tO *o CO IO

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to CM CM Ol Ol O CO to * CM

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1 1 1 1

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1 1 1 1 1

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1 1 1 1 1

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1 1 1 1 1

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p- p- p- p- pCO IO <f I*) H

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to to to to to 01 Ol Ol Ol Ol

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1 1 1 1

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1 1 1 1 1

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to to to to rt

1 1 1 1 1

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1 1 1 1 1

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1 1 1 1 1

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1 1 1 1 1

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to P- P- p- p1 1 1 1 1

p- oi o ri oi P P CO CO 00

1 1 1 1 1

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p- p- p- p- pco io T M O

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1 1 1 1 1

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1 1 1 1 1

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P- P- P- p- to h m n h oi

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1 1 1 1 1

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P- lO CO r-t Ol

to to to to in o in io r-i at in in m m * PlD IO H Ol ^ ^ ^- * to

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p- ID tO n Oi

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TABLE 2
- 22 -

VI. WORLD PREDICTION MAPS AND PREDICTION CHARTS
foF2 AT RASSN 50

JANUARY 0000 HOURS GMT

P. 23

60° 120° 180°

EAST i WEST

120

LONGITUOE

cr:

WEST i EAST
P. 24 foF2 AT RASSN 50

JANUARY 0200 HOURS GMT

60

( 120 180

EAST i WEST

CO

120'

L0N6ITU0E

60° 0°

WEST i EAST

60

s
60

c

foF2 AT RASSN50

JANUARY 0400 HOURS GMT

P. 25

120 180°

EAST i WEST

120'

LONGITUDE

CO

WEST i EAST
P. 26 foF2 AT RASSN 50

JANUARY 0600 HOURS GMT

60#

180*

EAST i WEST

CO

120°

LONGITUDE

WEST | EAST
foF2 AT RASSN 50

JANUARY 0800 HOURS GMT

P. 27

60

( 120' 180°

EAST i WEST

120"

LONGITUDE

CO

60' 0°

WEST i EAST

60

u
P. 28 foF2 AT RASSN 50

JANUARY 1000 HOURS GMT

60

( 180°

EAST i WEST

120°

LONGITUOE

WEST I EAST
60

(

foF2 AT RASSN 50

JANUARY 1200 HOURS GMT

P. 29

CO

180°

EAST j WEST

120"

LONGITUDE

WEST I EAST
P. 30 foF2 ATRASSN 50

JANUARY 1400 HOURS GMT

180

EAST i WEST

120'

LONGITUDE

co

WEST | EAST
foF2 AT RASSN 50

JANUARY 1600 HOURS GMT

P. 31

60' 120' 180°

EAST i WEST

120

LONGITUDE

WEST i EAST
P. 32 foF2 AT RASSN 50

JANUARY 1800 HOURS GMT

60

c 180°

EAST i WEST

120°

LONGITUDE

CO

WEST | EAST
foF2 AT RASSN 50

JANUARY 2000 HOURS GMT

P. 33

60 120 180°

EAST i WEST

120'

LONGITUDE

o

CO

WEST I EAST
P. 34 f6F2 AT RASSN 50

JANUARY 2200 HOURS GMT

60° 180°

EAST i WEST

120'

LONGITUDE

co

WEST I EAST
SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF foF2 ON RASSN

JANUARY OOOO HOURS GMT

P. 35

60' 120 180°

EAST i WEST WEST I EAST

CO

LONGITUDE
P. 36 SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF foF2 ON RASSN

JANUARY 0200 HOURS GMT

60"

CO

180°

EAST i WEST

120°

LONGITUDE

WEST i EAST
60* 120°

SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF foF2 ON RASSN

JANUARY 0400 HOURS GMT

P. 37

co

180°

EAST i WEST WEST i EAST

LONGITUDE
P. 38 SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF foF2 ON RASSN

JANUARY 0600 HOURS GMT

60' 180

EAST j WEST

120'

L0NGITU0E

WEST | EAST
SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF foF2 ON RASSN

JANUARY 0800 HOURS GMT

P. 3 9

oo

60° 120 180°

EAST i WEST

120

LONGITUOE

WEST i EAST
P. 40 SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF foF2 ON RASSN

JANUARY 1000 HOURS GMT

60° 180°

EAST i WEST WEST i EAST

CO

LONGITUDE
SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF foF2 ON RASSN

JANUARY 1200 HOURS GMT

P. 41

CO

60* 120 180°

EAST i WEST

120°

LONGITUDE

WEST i EAST
P. 42 SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF foF2 ON RASSN

JANUARY 1400 HOURS GMT

CO

G0C 180

EAST i WEST

120

LONGITUDE

WEST I EAST
SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF foF2 ON RASSN

JANUARY 1600 HOURS GMT

P. 43

60*

CO

120 180°

EAST i WEST

120°

LONGITUDE

WEST i EAST
P. 44 SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF foF2 ON RASSN

JANUARY 1800 HOURS GMT

co

60( 180°

EAST j WEST

120°

LONGITUDE

WEST i EAST
60'

SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF foF2 AT RASSN

JANUARY 2000 HOURS GMT

P. 45

o

GO

120 180°

EAST i WEST WEST i EAST

LONGITUDE
P 46 SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF foF2 ON RASSN

JANUARY 2200 HOURS GMT

o

CO

60

c 180°

EAST i WEST

120'

LONGITUDE

WEST i EAST
M-4000 FACTOR AT RASSN 50

JANUARY 0000 HOURS GMT

P. 47

60

( 180°

EAST i WEST

120

LONGITUDE

CO

WEST I EAST
R 48 M-4000 FACTOR AT RAS8N 50

JANUARY 0200 HOURS GMT

60

( 180

EAST i WEST

120'

LONGITUDE

WEST i EAST

az

o

CO
60° 120

M-4000 FACTOR AT RASSN 50

JANUARY 0400 HOURS GMT

P. 49

180°

EAST i WEST

CO

WEST i EAST

LONGITUDE
P. 50

60

c

M-4000 FACTOR AT RASSN 50

JANUARY 0600 HOURS GMT

to

180°

EAST i WEST

120°

LONGITUDE

WEST I EAST
60' 120

M-4000 FACTOR AT RASSN 50

JANUARY 0800 HOURS GMT

P. 51

180°

EAST i WEST

(=>

CO

0°

WEST i EAST

60

v

LONGITUDE
P. 52 M-4000 FACTOR AT RASSN 50

JANUARY 1000 HOURS GMT

60*

180

EAST i WEST

120°

LONGITUDE

CO

WEST | EAST
M-4000 FACTOR AT RASSN 50

JANUARY 1200 HOURS GMT

P. 53

60

( 120 180°

EAST i WEST

120'

LONGITUDE

WEST I EAST

CO
P. 54 M-4000 FACTOR AT RASSN 50

JANUARY 1400 HOURS GMT

ac

CO

180

EAST i WEST

120

LONGITUDE

60

( 0°

WEST i EAST

60*
M-4000 FACTOR AT RASSN 50

JANUARY 1600 HOURS GMT

P. 55

60*

180°

EAST i WEST

120'

LONGITUDE

CO

WEST I EAST
P. 5«

60°

M-4000 FACTOR AT RASSN 50

JANUARY 1800 HOURS GMT

120 180°

EAST i WEST

120°

LONGITUDE

60°

o

CO

0'

WEST j EAST

60"
60°

M -4000 FACTOR AT RASSN 50

JANUARY 2000 HOURS GMT

P. 57

CO

120' 180°

EAST i WEST

120'

LONGITUDE

60' 0°

WEST i EAST

60

o90°
P. 5* M-4000 FACTOR AT RASSN 50

JANUARY 2200 HOURS GMT

60

c 180*

EAST j WEST

120*

LONGITUOE

WEST i EAST
SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF M-4000 FACTOR ON RASSN

JANUARY

P. 59

LOCAL TIME
p. eo foF2 AT RASSN 50

MARCH 0000 HOURS GMT

60'

180"

EAST i WEST

120°

LONGITUDE

CO

WEST | EAST
60

( 120

foF2 AT RASSN 50

MARCH 0200 HOURS GMT

P. 61

180°

EAST i WEST

120'

LONGITUDE

co

WEST I EAST
P. 62

60*

foF2 AT RASSN 50

MARCH 0400 HOURS GMT

180

EAST i WEST

120

LONGITUOE

WEST | EAST
60

c

foF2 AT RASSN 50

MARCH 0600 HOURS GMT

P. 63

90

l

120 180°

EAST i WEST

120'

LONGITUDE

CO

WEST I EAST
P. 64

60°

foF2 AT RASSN 50

MARCH 0800 HOURS GMT

CO

180°

EAST i WEST

120'

LONGITUOE

WEST I EAST
foF2 AT RASSN 50

MARCH 1000 HOURS GMT

P. 65

60(

co

120 180°

EAST i WEST

120°

LONGITUDE

WEST i EAST
P. 66 foF2 AT RASSN 50

MARCH 1200 HOURS GMT

co

60* 180°

EAST i WEST

120°

LONGITUOE

60° 0°

WEST i EAST

60

u
foF2 AT RASSN 50

MARCH 1400 HOURS GMT

P. 67

60

( 120 180°

EAST i WEST WEST I EAST

co

LONGITUDE
P. 68 foF2 AT RASSN 50

MARCH 1600 HOURS GMT

60° 180

EAST i WEST

120'

LONGITUDE

WEST i EAST

CO
foF2 AT RASSN 50

MARCH 1800 HOURS GHT

P. €9

60 120

180°

EAST i WEST

120"

LONGITUDE

WEST I EAST



P. 70 foF2 AT RASSN 50

MARCH 2000 HOURS GMT

60° 180°

EAST j WEST

120°

L0NGITU0E

WEST I EAST
foF2 AT RASSN 50

MARCH 2200 HOURS GMT

P. 71

60° 120 180°

EAST i WEST

120'

LONGITUDE

WEST i EAST

oO
P. 72 SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF foFt ON RASSN

MARCH OOOO HOURS GMT

60'

180

EAST i WEST

120°

LONGITUDE

0°

WEST i EAST

CO
SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF foFs ON RASSN

MARCH 0200 HOURS GMT

P. 73

co

60

# 120' 180*

EAST i WEST

120

LONGITUDE

WEST i EAST
P. 74 SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF Uh ON RASSN

MARCH 0400 HOURS GMT

180

EAST i WEST

120'

LONGITUOE

WEST i EAST
60°

SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF f F, ON RASSN

MARCH 0600 HOURS GMT

P. 75

o

CO

120 180°

EAST i WEST

120'

LONGITUDE

0°

WEST i EAST

60

u
P. 7 6 SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF foFz ON RASSN

MARCH 0800 HOURS GMT

or

co

60°

180

EAST i WEST

120'

L0NGITU0E

WEST I EAST
SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF foF2 ON RASSN

MARCH IOOO HOURS GMT

P. 7T

60 120 180°

EAST i WEST

0°

WEST i EAST

CO

LONGITUDE
P 78 SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF foF* ON RASSN

MARCH 1200 HOURS GMT

60*

180*

EAST i WEST

120*

LONGITUDE

60' 0*

WEST i EAST

. 60"
SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF foFz ON RASSN

MARCH 1400 HOURS GMT

P. 79

o

CO

60

c 120 180°

EAST i WEST

120'

LONGITUDE

WEST I EAST
P. 80 SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF fob ON RASSN

MARCH 1600 HOURS GMT

60

c 180°

EAST i WEST

120°

LONGITUOE

WEST i EAST
SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF foF* ON RASSN

MARCH 1800 HOURS GMT

P. 8

60

c 120180°

EAST i WEST WEST I EAST

LONGITUDE
P. 82 SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF foFt ON RASSN

MARCH 2000 HOURS 6HT

180°

EAST i WEST

120'

LONGITUOE

CO

WEST | EAST
SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF foF* ON RASSN

MARCH 2200 HOURS GMT

P. 83

CO

60° 120' 180°

EAST i WEST

120

LONGITUDE

WEST I EAST
P. 84 M-4000 FACTOR AT RASSN 50

MARCH 0000 HOURS GMT

GO

WEST I EAST
M-4000 FACTOR AT RASSN 50

MARCH 0200 HOURS GMT

P. 85

60 120 180

EAST i WEST

CO

WEST I EAST

LONGITUDE
P. 86 M-4000 FACTOR AT RASSN 50

MARCH 0400 HOURS 6HT

60

c

180°

EAST i WEST

120

LONGITUDE

WEST | EAST
M-4000 FACTOR AT RASSN 50

MARCH 0600 HOURS GMT

P. 87

60

( 120' 180°

EAST i WEST

120

LONGITUOE

WEST I EAST
p.

60°

M-4000 FACTOR AT RASSN 50

MARCH 0800 HOURS GMT

CO

180°

EAST j WEST

120°

LONGITUDE

WEST I EAST
60

c

M-4000 FACTOR AT RASSN 50

MARCH 1000 HOURS GMT

P. 89

120' 180°

EAST i WEST

CO

120

LONGITUDE

WEST I EAST
P. 90

60°

M-4000 FACTOR AT RASSN 50

MARCH 1200 HOURS GMT

180°

EAST i WEST

120

LONGITUOE

60

( 0'

WEST i EAST

60

w
60

M-4000 FACTOR AT RASSN 50

MARCH 1400 HOURS GMT

P. 91

120 180°

EAST i WEST

120'

LONGITUDE

WEST i EAST

CO
P. 92 M-4000 FACTOR AT RASSN 50

MARCH 1600 HOURS GMT

60 180

EAST i WEST

120°

LONGITUDE

60° 0°

WEST i EAST

60"
60* 120'

M-4000 FACTOR AT RASSN 50

MARCH 1800 HOURS CMT

P. 93

180°

EAST i WEST

120'

LONGITUDE

WEST I EAST

CO
P. 94 M-4000 FACTOR AT RASSN 50

MARCH 2000 HOURS CMT

60

# 180*

EAST i WEST

120°

LONGITUDE

CO

WEST i EAST
M-4000 FACTOR AT RASSN 50

MARCH 2200 HOURS GMT

P. 95

cO

w 120 180

EAST i WEST

0°

WEST i EAST

LONGITUDE
P. 96 SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF M-4000 FACTOR ON RASSN

MARCH

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C9

s
foF2 AT RASSN 50

JUNE 0000 HOURS GMT

P. 97

60

CO

120 180°

EAST i WEST

120°

LONGITUDE

0°

WEST i EAST

60'
P. 98

60

foF2 AT RASSN 50

JUNE 0200 HOURS GMT

180°

EAST i WEST

20°

LONGITUDE

(

WEST i EAST
60c 20<

foF2 AT RASSN 50

JUNE 0400 HOURS GMT

P. 99

180°

EAST i WEST

120°

LONGITUDE

WEST i EAST
R 100

60

foF2 AT RAS8N 50

JUNE 0600 HOURS GMT

180°

EAST i WEST

20°

LONGITUDE

0°

WEST l" EAST

60c
60'

foF2 AT RASSN 50

JUNE 0800 HOURS GMT

p. 101

20c 180°

EAST 'I WEST

120°

LONGITUDE

WEST I EAST
P. 102

60c

foF2 AT RASSN 50

JUNE 1000 HOURS GMT

80°

EAST i WEST

120°

LONGITUDE

WEST I EAST
60'

foF2 AT RASSN 50

JUNE 1200 HOURS GMT

P 103

120 180*

EAST I WEST

20f

LONGITUDE

WEST I EAST
P. 104

60<

foF2 AT RASSN 50

JUNE 1400 HOURS GMT

180°

EAST I WEST

20°

LONGITUDE

WEST I EAST
foF2 AT RASSN 50

JUNE 1600 HOURS 6MT

P. 105

60 120 180°

EAST i WEST

20°

LONGITUDE

WEST I EAS
P. 106

60c

foF2 AT RASSN 50

JUNE 1800 HOURS GMT

180°

EAST i WEST

120°

LONGITUDE

WEST I EAST
60c 120

foF2 AT RA8SN 50

JUNE 2000 HOURS GMT

P. 107

180°

EAST i WEST

20°

LONGITUDE

oO

WEST i EAST
P. 108

60

foF2 AT RASSN 50

JUNE 2200 HOURS GMT

180°

EAST i WEST

LONGITUDE

0°

WEST i EAST

60*
SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF foF2 ON RASSN

JUNE OOOO HOURS GMT

P. 109

c/>

WEST ! EAST
p. no SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF foF2 ON RASSN

JUNE 0200 HOURS GMT

co

60 ( 180°

EAST i WEST

120°

LONGITUDE

0°

WEST i EAST

60 (
SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF foF2 ON RASSN

JUNE 0400 HOURS GMT

p. in

—i 90°

60 120 180°

EAST i WEST

20°

LONGITUDE

WEST I EAST
P. 112

60"

SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF foF2 ON RASSN

JUNE 0600 HOURS GMT

CO

180°

EAST I' WEST

120°

LONGITUDE

WEST i EAST
SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF foF2 ON RASSN

JUNE 0800 HOURS GMT

p. 113

60 120 180°

EAST i WEST

120°

LONGITUDE

0°

WEST i EAST

CO

60<
P. 114 SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF foF2 ON RASSN

JUNE IOOO HOURS GMT

60 ( 80°

EAST i WEST

120°

LONGITUDE

WEST I EAST
60' 120

SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF f F2 RASSN

JUNE 1200 HOURS GMT

P. 115

180°

EAST I WEST

120°

LONGITUDE

60'

WEST EAST

CO
P. 116 SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF f F2 ON RASSN

JUNE 1400 HOURS GMT

60'

180°

EAST i WtST

LONGITUDE

WEST i EAST
60' 20

SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF foF2 ON RASSN

JUNE 1600 HOURS GMT

P. 117

180°

EAST i WEST

120°

LONGITUDE

CO

WEST I EAST
P. 118

60'

SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF foF2 ON RASSN

JUNE 1800 HOURS GMT

180°

EAST i WEST

20°

LONGITUDE

WEST I EAST
SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF foF2 ON RASSN

JUNE 2000 HOURS GMT

P. 119

60 120 180°

EAST i WEST

120°

LONGITUDE

WEST I EAST
P. 120

SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF foF2 ON RASSN

JUNE 2200 HOURS GMT

60'

cr:

180°

EAST i WEST

120°

LONGITUDE

WEST I EAST
M-4000 FACTOR AT RASSN 50

JUNE 0000 HOURS GMT

P. 121

to

60 20 180°

EAST i WEST

120°

LONGITUDE

-

WEST I EAST

60'
P. 122

120

M-4000 FACTOR AT RASSN 50

JUNE 0200 HOURS GMT

180°

EAST I WEST

120°

LONGITUDE

60' 0°

WEST i EAST

90°

60°
M-4000 FACTOR AT RASSN 50

JUNE 0400 HOURS GMT

P. 123

60 20' 180°

EAST i WEST

O

CO

120

LONGITUDE

60' 0°

WEST I EAST

90#

60#
P. 124 M-4000 FACTOR AT RASSN 50

JUNE 0600 HOURS GMT

or

CO

120 180°

EAST I WEST

120°

LONGITUDE

60' 0°

WEST i EAST

90°

60°
60 120

M-4000 FACTOR AT RASSN 50

JUNE 0800 HOURS GMT

P. 125

CO

180°

EAST i WEST

120°

LONGITUDE

0°

WEST I EAST

90°

60°
P. 126 M-4000 FACTOR AT RASSN 50

JUNE 1000 HOURS GMT

60 180°

EAST I WEST

120°

LONGITUDE

60« 0°

WEST I EAST

90°

60°
M-4000 FACTOR AT RASSN 50

JUNE 1200 HOURS GMT

P. 127

CO

60 120 180°

EAST I WEST

120°

LONGITUDE

0°

WEST i EAST
P 128

60

M-4000 FACTOR AT RASSN 50

JUNE 1400 HOURS GMT

180*

EAST i WEST

120°

LONGITUDE

60 c 0°

WEST i EAST

BO'
M-4000 FACTOR AT RASSN 50

JUNE 1600 HOURS GMT

P. 129

60 120 180°

EAST i WEST

120°

LONGITUDE

60' 0°

WEST i EAST
R 130

60'

M-4000 FACTOR AT RASSN 50

JUNE 1800 HOURS GMT

180°

EAST i WEST

120°

LONGITUDE

WEST I EAST
M-4000 FACTOR AT RASSN 50

JUNE 2000 HOURS GMT

R 13

60 120 180°

EAST I WEST

120°

LONGITUDE

60'

CO

WEST.1 I EAST
P. 132

60'

M-4000FACT0RATRASSN50

JUNE 2200 HOURS GMT

180°

EAST i WEST

120°

LONGITUDE

0°

WEST I EAST

J 90°

60°
SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF M-4000 FACTOR ON RASSN

JUNE

P. 133

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P. 134 foF2 AT RASSN 50

JULY 0000 HOURS GMT

60

c

180'

EAST i WEST

120

LONGITUDE

WEST | EAST
60c 120

foF2 AT RASSN 50

JULY 0200 HOURS GMT

P. 135

180°

EAST i WEST

120

LONGITUDE

WEST I EAST

CO
P. 136

60

(

foF2 AT RASSN 50

JULY 0400 HOURS GMT

180°

EAST i WEST

120°

LONGITUOE

WEST | EAST
60

(

foF2 AT RASSN 50

JULY 0600 HOURS GMT

P. 137

120 180°

EAST i WEST

CO

WEST I EAST

LONGITUDE
P. 138

foF2 AT RASSN 50

JULY 0800 HOURS GMT —i 90'

180°

EAST i WEST

120°

LONGITUDE

co

WEST I EAST
foF2 AT RASSN 50

JULY 1000 HOURS GMT

P. 139

CO

60< 120 180°

EAST i WEST WEST I EAST

LONGITUDE
P. 140

60*

foF2 AT RASSN 50

JULY 1200 HOURS GMT

120 180°

EAST i WEST

120

LONGITUDE

WEST i EAST
foF2 AT RASSN 50

JULY 1400 HOURS GMT

P. 14

CO

60* I20

( 180°

EAST I WEST

120

L0NGITU0E

60

v #

WEST i EAST

- flfl

-

60^
P. 142 foF2 AT RASSN 50

JULY 1600 HOURS GMT

180°

EAST |* WEST

120°

LONGITUOE

WEST | EAST
foF2 AT RASSN 50

JULY 1800 HOURS GMT

P. 143

60

c 120 180°

EAST i WEST

120

LONGITUDE

CO

WEST I EAST
P 144 foF2 AT RASSN 50

JULY 2000 HOURS GMT

W 180*

EAST j IEST

120*

LONGITUDE

WEST i EAST
foF2 AT RASSN 50

JULY 2200 HOURS GMT

P. 145

60 180°

EAST i WEST

120

LONGITUDE

WEST I EAST

o

CO
P. 146 SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF foF2 ON RASSN

JULY OOOO HOURS GMT

60°

180°

EAST i WEST

120°

LONGITUOE

WEST | EAST
SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF foF2 ON RASSN

JULY 0200 HOURS GMT

P. M7

CO

60° 120 180°

EAST i WEST

120°

LONGITUDE

60

#

WEST i EAST
P. 148 SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF foF2

JULY 0400 HOURS GMT

ON RASSN

aro

CO

120 180°

EAST i WEST

120°

LONGITUDE

60° 0'

WEST i EAST

—'#)

60°
SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF f„F2 ON RASSN

JULY 0600 HOURS GMT

P. H9

CO

60 120 180

EAST i WEST

120'

LONGITUDE

WEST i EAST
P. 150 SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF foF2 ON RASSN

JULY 0800 HOURS GMT

GO

60

( 180°

EAST i WEST

120'

LONGITUDE

WEST I EAST
SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF foF2 ON RASSN

JULY IOOO HOURS GMT

P. 151

CO

60

c 120 180°

EAST i WEST

120'

LONGITUOE

60"

WEST i EAST
P. 152 SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF foF2 ON RASSN

JULY 1200 HOURS GMT

60° 120 180°

EAST i WEST

120°

LONGITUDE

WEST I EAST

CO
SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF foF2 ON RASSN

JULY 1400 HOURS GMT

P. 153

60 120 180°

EAST i WEST

120

LONGITUDE

0°

WEST i EAST

CO
P. 154 SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF foF2 ON RASSN

JULY 1600 HOURS GMT

60

(

180°

EAST i WEST

120

LONGITUDE

WEST | EAST
SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF foF2 ON RASSN

JULY 1800 HOURS GMT

P. 155

CO

60

- 120 180°

EAST i WEST

120'

LONGITUOE

#

WEST i EAST

JO*
P. 156 SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF foF2 ON RASSN

JULY 2000 HOURS GMT

60°

180°

EAST i WEST

120'

LONGITUDE

e=>

CO

WEST | EAST
SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF foF2 ON RASSN

JULY 2200 HOURS GMT

P. 157

60 120 180°

EAST i WEST

120

LONGITUDE

WEST I EAST

CO
P. 158 M-4000 FACTOR AT RASSN 50

JULY 0000 HOURS GMT

180°

EAST i WEST

120*

LONGITUDE

WEST i EAST

90

CO
M-4000 FACTOR AT RASSN 50

JULY 0200 HOURS GMT

P. 159

180°

EAST i WEST

120

LONGITUDE

oo

WEST I EAST
P. 160 M-4000 FACTOR AT RASSN 50

JULY 0400 HOURS GMT

60

#

180°

EAST i WEST

120

LONGITUDE

60

( 0'

WEST i EAST

60"
M-4000 FACTOR AT RASSN 50

JULY 0600 HOURS GMT

P. 161

90

1

60

c 120 180°

EAST i WEST WEST I EAST

LONGITUDE
P. 162 M-4000 FACTOR AT RASSN 50

JULY 0800 HOURS GMT

60*

120 180°

EAST i WEST

120°

LONGITUDE

60' 0°

WEST i EAST

60°

.90'
M-4000 FACTOR AT RASSN 50

JULY 1000 HOURS GMT

P. 183

60<

CO

120 180°

EAST i WEST

120'

LONGITUDE

WEST I EAST
P. 164 M-4000 FACTOR AT RASSN 50

JULY 1200 HOURS GMT

60* 180°

EAST i WEST

120'

LONGITUDE

WEST | EAST

90'

CO
M-4000 FACTOR AT RASSN 50

JULY 1400 HOURS GMT

P. 165

180°

EAST i WEST

co

120

LONGITUDE

WEST I EAST
P. 166 M-4000 FACTOR AT RASSN 50

JULY 1600 HOURS GMT 90

60°

en

CO

180°

EAST i WEST

120*

LONGITUDE

WEST I EAST
60

e

M-4000 FACTOR AT RASSN 50

JULY 1800 HOURS GMT

P. 167

120 180

EAST i WEST

120'

LONGITUDE

WEST I EAST
P. 168 M-4000 FACTOR AT RASSN 50

JULY 2000 HOURS GMT

180°

EAST i WEST

120'

LONGITUDE

CO

WEST i EAST
M-4000 FACTOR AT RASSN 50

JULY 2200 HOURS GMT

r 169

90*

w 120' !80

f

EAST | WEST

120*

10ICITU0E

NT or

•EST | EAST
P. 170 SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF M-4000 FACTOR ON RASSN

JULY

CJ>

C3

<J>
foF2 AT RASSN 50

SEPTEMBER 0000 HOURS GMT

P. 171

CO

60 120 180°

EAST I WEST

120°

LONGITUDE

WEST | EAST
P. 172

SO' 120

foF2 AT RASSN 50

SEPTEMBER 0200 HOURS GMT

180°

EAST I WEST

120°

LONGITUDE

60' 0°

WEST I EAST

90°

60°
foF2 AT RASSN 50

SEPTEMBER 0400 HOURS GMT

P. 173

60' 120 180°

EAST i WEST

120°

LONGITUDE

0°

WEST I EAST
P. 174

6(V

foF2 AT RASSN 50

SEPTEMBER 0600 HOURS GMT

180°

EAST i WEST

120°

LONGITUDE

CO

0°

WEST j EAST

90°

60 f
60 120

foF2 AT RASSN 50

SEPTEMBER 0800 HOURS GMT

P. 175

180°

EAST i WEST

120°

LONGITUDE

WEST I EAST
P. 176 foF2 AT RASSN 50

SEPTEMBER 1000 HOURS GMT

120 180°

EAST i WEST

CO

120'

LONGITUDE

60« 0°

WEST i EAST

90°

60°
foF2 AT RASSN 50

SEPTEMBER 1200 HOURS GMT

P. ITT

CO

60' 120 180°

EAST I WEST

120°

LONGITUDE

0°

WEST i EAST

90#

60°
P. 178 foF2 AT RASSN 50

SEPTEMBER 1400 HOURS GMT

60<

120 180°

EAST i WEST

120°

LONGITUDE

60<

CO

0°

WEST i EAST

—"90°

60°
60' 120

foF2 AT RASSN 50

SEPTEMBER 1600 HOURS GMT

P. 179

180°

EAST i WEST

120°

LONGITUDE

60 0°

WEST I EAST

90°

60°
P. 180 foF2 AT RASSN 50

SEPTEMBER 1800 HOURS GMT

60' 120 180°

EAST ( WEST

120°

LONGITUDE

S0 ( 0°

WEST I EAST

60'
foF2 AT RASSN 50

SEPTEMBER 2000 HOURS GMT

P. 181

60* I20c 180°

EAST I WEST

120°

LONGITUDE

60' 0<

WEST I EAST

CO
P. 182 f F2 AT RASSN 50

SEPTEMBER 2200 HOURS GMT

60' 120 180°

EAST i WEST

120°

LONGITUDE

t-O

60

WEST I EAST
SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF f.F2 ON RASSN

SEPTEMBER OOOO HOURS GMT

P. 183

60 120

oa

o

CO

180°

EAST I WEST

WEST I EAST

LONGITUDE
P 184 SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF foF2 ON RASSN

SEPTEMBER 0200 HOURS GMT

BO' 180°

EAST I WEST

120°

LONGITUDE

WEST I EAST
60c

SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF foF2 ON RASSN

SEPTEMBER 0400 HOURS 6NT

P. 185

120

CO

180°

EAST "I WEST

120°

LONGITUDE

WEST I EAST
P. 18 6 SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF f F2 ON RASSN

SEPTEMBER 0600 HOURS GMT

60'

CO

180°

EAST I WEST

120°

LONGITUDE

WEST I EAST
SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF f.F2 ON RASSN

SEPTEMBER 0800 HOURS GMT

P. 187

CO

60 120 180°

EAST I' WEST

120°

LONGITUDE

WEST I EAST
P. 188 SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF foF2 ON RASSN

SEPTEMBER IOOO HOURS GMT

60 180°

EAST i WEST

20°

LONGITUDE

WEST I EAST

CO
SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF f F2 ON RASSN

SEPTEMBER 1200 HOURS GMT

P. 189

60

CO

20 180°

EAST I WEST

120°

LONGITUDE

WEST I EAST
P. 190 SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF foF2 ON RASSN

SEPTEMBER 1400 HOURS GMT

60 180°

EAST I WEST

120°

LONGITUDE

60' 0°

WEST i EAST

CO

60«
60' 120'

SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF foF2 ON RASSN

SEPTEMBER 1600 HOURS GMT

P. 191

180°

EAST I WEST

120°

LONGITUDE

60'

CO

0°

WEST i EAST

60'
P. 192 SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF foF2 ON RASSN

SEPTEMBER 1800 HOURS GMT

60( 120 180°

EAST I WEST

120°

LONGITUDE

60 0°

WEST I EAST

90°

60°
SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF foF2 ON RASSN

SEPTEMBER 2000 HOURS GMT

P. 193

60' 120' 180°

EAST I WEST

120°

LONGITUDE

60

0°

WEST I EAST
P. 194 SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF foF2 ON RASSN

SEPTEMBER 2200 HOURS GMT

60'

180°

EAST i WEST

120°

LONGITUDE

60'

CO

0°

WEST f EAST

60

- — - .
60

M-4000 FACTOR AT RASSN 50

SEPTEMBER 0000 HOURS GMT

P. 195

CO

120 180°

EAST i WEST

120°

LONGITUDE

0°

WEST i EAST

60(
P. 196 M-4000 FACTOR AT RASSN 50

SEPTEMBER 0200 HOURS GMT

90'

60 180°

EAST i WEST

120°

LONGITUDE

60' 0°

WEST I EAST

60*
M-4000 FACTOR AT RASSN 50

SEPTEMBER 0400 HOURS GMT

P. 197

60'

CO

120" 180°

EAST I WEST

120°

LONGITUDE

60' 0'

WEST I EAST
P 198

60

M-4000 FACTOR AT RASSN 50

SEPTEMBER 0600 HOURS GMT

180° 120°

EAST 1 WEST

LONGITUDE

60

OO

0°

WEST I EAST

60"
M-4000 FACTOR AT RASSN 50

SEPTEMBER 0800 HOURS GMT

P. 139

60

c 120 180°

EAST i WEST

120°

LONGITUDE

aso

0°

WEST I EAST
P. 200

60

M-4000 FACTOR AT RASSN 50

SEPTEMBER 1000 HOURS GMT

180°

EAST I' WEST

120°

LONGITUDE

60' 0°

WEST | EAST

90°

60°
60' 120

M-4000 FACTOR AT RAS8N 50

SEPTEMBER 1200 HOURS GMT

P. 20

190°

EAST ! WEST

120°

LONGITUDE

WEST I EAST
P. 202

60 120

M-4000 FACTOR AT RASSN 50

SEPTEMBER 1400 HOURS GMT

180°

EAST i WEST

120°

LONGITUDE

60' 0°

WEST I EAST

90°

60°
60

M-4000 FACTOR AT RASSN 50

SEPTEMBER 1600 HOURS GMT

P. 203

120 180°

EAST I" WEST

120°

LONGITUDE

WEST I EAST
P. 204 M-4000 FACTOR AT RASSN 50

SEPTEMBER 1800 HOURS GMT 90'

120 180°

EAST i WEST

120°

LONGITUDE

60fi 0'

WEST i EAST

60 (
M-4000 FACTOR AT RASSN 50

SEPTEMBER 2000 HOURS GMT

P. 205

60« 120 18.0°

EAST I WEST

120°

LONGITUDE

0°

WEST I EAST

90°

60°
R 206

60c

M-4000 FACTOR AT RASSN 50

SEPTEMBER 2200 HOURS GMT

180°

EAST I WEST

120°

LONGITUDE

WEST I EAST
SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF M-4000 FACTOR ON RASSN

SEPTEMBER

P. 207

LU

00 02 04 06 08 10 12 14

LOCAL TIME
R 208

60

f oF2 AT RASSN 50

DECEMBER 0000 HOURS GMT

80°

EAST i WEST

20°

LONGITUDE

60c 0°

WEST i EAST

60c
60«

foF2 AT RASSN 50

DECEMBER 0200 HOURS GMT

P. 209

120

180°

EAST i WEST

120°

LONGITUDE

WEST i EAST
R 210

60(

foF2 AT RASSN 50

DECEMBER 0400 HOURS GMT

CO

180°

EAST i WEST

120°

LONGITUDE

WEST I EAST
60(

foF2 AT RASSN 50

DECEMBER 0600 HOURS GHT

P. 211

120' 180°

EAST i WEST

120°

LONGITUDE

60c 0°

WEST i EAST

60<
P. 212

foF2 AT RASSN 50

DECEMBER 0800 HOURS GMT

60 180°

EAST i WEST

120°

LONGITUDE

60 c 0°

WEST i EAST

- 90°

60°
60(

foF2 AT RASSN 50

DECEMBER 1000 HOURS GMT

P. 213

20 180°

EAST i WEST

120°

LONGITUDE

CO

WEST i EAST
P. 214

60 20

foF2 AT RA8SN 50

DECEMBER 1200 HOURS GMT

180°

EAST i WEST

120°

LONGITUDE

60( 0°

WEST I EAST

ce:

GO

60(
60

foF2 AT RASSN 50

DECEMBER 1400 HOURS GMT

P. 215

20 180°

EAST i WEST

20

LONGITUDE

60° 0°

WEST I EAST

CO
P. 216

60 120

foF2 AT RA58N 50

DECEMBER 1600 HOURS GMT

180°

EAST i WEST

120°

LONGITUDE

60 ( 0°

WEST i EAST

60c
foF2 AT RASSN 50

DECEMBER 1800 HOURS GMT

P. 217

60° 20 180°

EAST i WEST

120°

LONGITUDE

WEST I EAST
P. 218 foF2 AT RASSN 50

DECEMBER 2000 HOURS GMT

180°

EAST l" WEST

60< 0°

WEST I EAST

CO

90°

60°

LONGITUDE
60c

foF2 AT RASSN 50

DECEMBER 2200 HOURS GMT

P. 219

20

180°

EAST i WEST

20°

LONGITUDE

WEST i EAST

CO
P- 220

60 120'

SLOPE OF REGRESSION LIME OF foF2 ON RASSN

DECEMBER 0000 HOURS GMT.

180°

EAST I WEST

120°

LONGITUDE

60' 0°

WEST j EAST

CO

60"
60

SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF f«F2 ON RASSN

DECEMBER 0200 HOURS GMT

P. 221

20 180°

EAST! WEST

120°

LONGITUDE

WEST i EAST

CO
P. 222

60' 120

SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF foF2 ON RASSN

DECEMBER 0400 HOURS GMT

180°

EAST i WEST

120°

LONGITUDE

60' 0°

WEST i EAST

CO

60'
SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF foF2 ON RASSN

DECEMBER 0600 HOURS GMT

P. 225

CO

60 120 180°

EAST i WEST

WEST I EAST

LONGITUDE
P. 224 SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF foF2 ON RASSN

DECEMBER 0800 HOURS GMT

60« 120 180°

EAST i WEST

120°

LONGITUDE

60< 0°

WEST I EAST

60«
SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF f F2 ON RASSN

DECEMBER IOOO HOURS GMT

P. 225

180°

EAST I WEST

120°

LONGITUDE
P. 226

m

120

SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF f o F2 ON RASSN

DECEMBER 1200 HOURS 6HT

180°

EAST I WEST

120°

LONGITUDE

60( 0°

WEST I EAST

90*

— 60'

ck:

30<

— 30'

CO

— 60<

90"

60'
SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF f o F2 ON RASSN

DECEMBER 1400 HOURS GMT

P 227

60c 120' 180°

EAST I WEST

120

LONGITUDE

0°

WEST I EAST

CO
P. 228 SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF f o F2 ON RASSN

DECEMBER 1600 HOURS GMT

60 180°

EAST i WEST

60' 0'

WEST i EAST

cc

60(

LONGITUDE
SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF foF2 ON RASSN

DECEMBER 1800 HOURS GMT

P. 229

90«

— 60c

— 30'

0° !=

30'

CO

— 60

60 ( 120' 180°

EAST i WEST

120°

LONGITUDE

60' 0«

WEST I EAST

60'

90'
P. 230 SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF foF2 ON RASSN

DECEMBER 2000 HOURS GMT

60' 120 180°

EAST I WEST

120°

LONGITUDE

60' 0°

WEST I EAST

60'
SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF f.F2 ON RASSN

DECEMBER 2200 HOURS GMT

P. 231

co

60 120 180°

EAST i WEST

120°

LONGITUDE

WEST I EAST
P. 232

20

M-4000 FACTOR AT RASSN 50

DECEMBER 0000 HOURS GMT

180°

EAST I WEST

120°

LONGITUDE

60c 0°

WEST i EAST

90°

60°
M-4000 FACTOR AT RASSN 50

DECEMBER 0200 HOURS GMT

P. 233

60" 120

180°

EASTiWEST

0°

WEST i EAST

LONGITUDE
P. 234 M-4000 FACTOR AT RASSN 50

DECEMBER 0400 HOURS GMT

co

180°

EAST i WEST

120°

LONGITUDE

WEST I EAST
M-4000 FACTOR AT RASSN 50

DECEMBER 0600 HOURS GMT

P. 235

60< 120 180°

EAST! WEST

120°

LONGITUDE

60' 0°

WEST i EAST

— 90°

60°
P. 236 M-4000 FACTOR AT RASSN 50

DECEMBER 0800 HOURS GMT

120 180°

EAST i WEST

120°

LONGITUDE

60c 0°

WEST i EAST

90°

60°
M—4000 FACTOR AT RASSN 50

DECEMBER 1000 HOURS GMT

P. 23?

60 120' 180°

EAST i WEST

120°

LONGITUDE

60'

(

WEST i EAST
P. 238 M-4000 FACTOR AT RASSN 50

DECEMBER 1200 HOURS GMT

60 c 180°

EAST I WEST

CO

WEST f EAST

LONGITUDE
60« 120'

M-4000 FACTOR AT RASSN 50

DECEMBER 1400 HOURS CMT

P. 239

180°

EAST I WEST

120°

LONGITUDE

WEST I EAST
P. 240

20'

M-4000 FACTOR AT RASSN 50

DECEMBER 1600 HOURS GMT

180°

EAST i WEST

120

LONGITUDE

60' 0°

WEST i EAST

J 90°

60°
60 20

M-4000 FACTOR AT RASSN 50

DECEMBER 1800 HOURS GMT

P. 24

180°

EAST i WEST

120°

LONGITUDE

WEST I EAST
P. 242 M-4000 FACTOR AT RASSN 50

DECEMBER 2000 HOURS GMT

60 120 180°

EAST i WEST

120°

LONGITUDE

60< 0°

WEST I EAST

60'
M-4000 FACTOR AT RAS8N 50

DECEMBER 2200 HOURS GMT

P. 243

60" 20' 180°

EAST i WEST

20

LONGITUDE

0°

WEST j EAST
P. 244 SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF M-4000 FACTOR ON RASSN

DECEMBER

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