Approved Code No. 310 Registry No. 1009-1-o2 

NATIONAL RECOVERY ADMINISTRATION 

CODE OF FAIR COMPETITION 

\ 

FOR TH:E \ ( 

\ I 

FRESH WATER PEARL 

BUTION MANUFACTiURJNG 

INDUSTRY 

AS APPROVED ON FEBRUARY 26, 1934 

WE DO OUR PARr 

UNITED STATES 

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 

WASHINGTON: 1934 

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D.C. - - - - - - - - Price 5 cents 

y 
This publication is for sale by the Superintendent of Documents, Governm('nt 

Printing Office, Washington, D.O., and by district offices of the Bureau of 

Foreign and Domestic Commerce. 

DISTRICT OFFICES OF THE DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE 

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Boston, Mass. : 1801 Customhouse. 

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San Francisco, Calif. : 310 Customhouse. 

Seattle, Wash.: 809 Federal Office Building. 
Approved Code No. 310 

CODE OF FAIR COMPETITION 

FOR THE 

FRESH WATER PEARL BUTTON 

MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY 

As Approved on February 26, 1934 

ORDER 

APPROVING ConE oF FAIR CoMPETITION FOR THE FREsH WATER PEARL 

BuTToN J\1ANUFACTURING INDUSTRY 

An application having been duly made pursuant to and in full 

compliance with the provisions of Title I of the National Industrial 

Recovery Act, approved June 16, 1933, for approval of a Code of 

Fair Competition for the Fresh ' Vater Pearl Button Manufacturing 

Industry, and hearings having been duly held thereon and the annexed report on said Code, containing findings with respect thereto, 

having been made and directed to the President: 

NOW THEREFORE, on behalf of the President of the United 

States, i, Hugh S. J ohnsont Administrator for Industrial Recovery, 

pursuant to authority vested in me ~l Executive Orders of the President, including Executive Order No. 6543-A, dated December 30 

1933, and otherwise; do hereby incorporate by reference said annexed 

report and do find that said Code complies in all respects with the 

pertinent provisions and will promote the policy and purposes of 

said Title of said Act; and do hereby order that said Code of Fair 

Competition be and it is hereby approved. 

HuGH S. JoHNSoN, 

Administrator for Industrial Recovery. 

Approval Reconunended: 

A. D. WHITESIDE, 

Division Admmistrator. 

wASHINGTON, D.C., 

Februmry 26, 1934-. 

42463°----376-137----34 (359) 
REPORT TO THE PRESIDENT 

The PRESIDENT, 

The White H Otf)8e. 

SIR: The Public Hearing on the Code of Fair Competition for the 

Fresh Water Pearl Button Manufacturing Industry as proposed by 

the National Association of Button Manufacturers, was conducted 

in the Mayflower Hotel, Washington, D.C., on October 11, 1933. 

Every person who requested an appearance was fairly heard in 

accordance with regulatiOns of the National Recovery Administration. The Code has the approval of the Industrial and Consumers' 

Advisory Boards of the National Recovery Administration and of 

the Legal Division. The Chairman of the Code Committee, upon 

authorization of the Committee has also given an approval to the 

final draft of the Code on behalf of the Industry. 

The Industry as defined in the Code includes the manufacture of 

fresh water pearl button blanks and buttons, finished or unfinished. 

Fresh water pearl buttons are manufactured from fresh water 

mussel shells found largely in the Mississippi Valley. The shells are 

gathered by individuals who sell them to the button manufacturers. 

Cutting plants are scattered throughout the shell gathering territory. The shells are shipped to these plants where they are cut into 

blanks and the blank are re-shipped to the finishing plants. The 

cutting plants furnish employment in small localities which in many 

cases have no other industry. A number of finishing plants are 

located in Muscatine, Iowa, and others in the states of Massachusetts, 

New York, Wisconsin, Missouri and other parts of Iowa. The 

product is sold largely to garment manufacturers who in turn use 

the product in making medi urn and popular priced wash garments. 

According to the United States Census taken for the Industry for 

3 931, the fresh water pearl button branch represented 37.8% of the 

gross production of the entire Industry which includes the manufacture of all buttons and 30.6% of the value of the production of the 

entire industry for that year. It is therefore the largest single branch 

of the entire Industry. The number of wage earners engaged in the 

entire Industry throughout the Country was 8,105. It is estimated 

that about 4500 persons were engaged in the blank cutting and finishing operations of the Fresh Water Pearl Button Industry representing about 50% of the total number of employees in the Button Industry in the United States. Compliance with the proposed Code has 

increased the number of employees from 4500 to 4800 since the first 

of August. 

It was attempted first by the Deputy Administrator to combine the 

various button codes into one code for the entire Industry, but this 

was found to be impracticable inasmuch as no unanimity could be 

reached by the representatives of the different branches of the Industry. However, a provision has been incorporated in this Code 

(860) 
361 

which, if agreed upon by all the branches of the Industry, may open 

the way for a cooperative administration of the various codes. 

The submitting Association represents 100% of the fresh water 

pearl button manufacturers in the United States and therefore 100% 

of the volume of business and number of employees. 

RESUl\iE OF THE CODE 

Article I gives the purpose of the Code. 

Article II sets forth certain definitions. 

Article III contains the maximum hour provisions of the Code. 

Article IV establishes the minimum wage for all employees employed in the Industry. 

Article V sets forth the general labor provisions. 

Article VI provides for the general organization of the Code 

Authority and defines its powers. 

Article VII defines trade practices which are unfair and shall be 

eliminated. 

Article VIII provides for the modification of the Code in accord· 

ance with Section 10 (b) of theN ational Recovery Act. 

Article IX states that this Code shall not permit monopolies. 

Article X deals with price increases. 

Article XI specifies the effective date. 

FINDINGS 

The Deputy Administrator in his final report to me on said Code 

having found as herein set forth and on the basis of all the proceedings in this matter: 

I find that: 

(a) Said Code is well designed to promote the policies and purposes of Title I of the National Industrial Recovery Act, including 

removal of obstructions to the free flow of interstate and foreign 

commerce which tend to diminish the amount thereof and will provide for the general welfare by promoting the organization of industry for the purpose of cooperative action among the trade groups, 

by inducing and maintaining united action of labor and management 

under adequate governmental sanctions and supervision, by eliminating unfair competitive practice, by promoting the fullest possible 

utilization of the present productive capacity of industries, by avoiding undue restriction of production (except as may be temporarily 

required), by increasing the consumption of industrial and agricultural products through increasing purchasing power, by reducing 

and relieving unemployment, by improving standards of labor, and 

by otherwise rehabilitating industry. 

(b) Said industry normally employs not more than 50,000 employees; and is not classified by me as a major industry. 

(c) The Code as approved complies in all respects with the pertinent provisions of said Title of said Act, including without limitation Subsection (a) of Section 3, Subsection (a) of Section 7, and 

Subsection (b) of Section 10 thereof; and that the applicant association is an industrial association truly representative of the aforesaid industry; and that the said association imposes no inequitable 

restrictions on admission to membership therein. 
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(d) The Code is not designed to and will not permit monopolies 

or monopolistic practices. 

(e) The Code 1s not designed to and will not eliminate or oppress 

small enterprises and will not operate to discriminate against them. 

{f) Those engaged in other steps of the economic process have not 

been deprived of the right to be heard prior to approval of said Code. 

For these reasons the Code has been approved. 

Respectfully, 

FEBRUARY 26, 1934. 

HuoH S. JoHNSoN, 

Admiwistrator. 
CODE OF FAIR COMPETITION FOR THE FRESH WATER 

PEARL BUTTON INDUSTRY 

ARTICLE I-PURPOSES 

To effectuate the policies of Title I of the National Industrial 

Recovery Act, the following provisions are established as a Code 

of Fair Competition for the Fresh Water Pearl Button Industry 

and shall be the standard of fair competition for this industry, and 

shall be binding on every member thereof. 

ARTICLE II-DEFINITIONS 

1. The term "industry" as used herein includes the manufacture 

of Fresh Water Pearl Button blanks and buttons, finished or unfinished, and such related branches or subdivisions as may from 

time to time be included under the provisions of this Code by the 

Administrator after such notice and hearing as he may prescribe. 

2. The term " employee " as used herein includes any person engaged in any phase of the Industry in any capacity, irrespective 

of the method of compensation, or his interest otherwise in said 

Industry. 

3. The term "employer" as used herein includes any one for 

whose benefit such employee is so engaged. 

4. The term "member of the Industry" as used herein includes 

any individual, partnership, association, corporation, or other person engaged in the Industry, either as an employer or on his or its 

own behalf. 

5. The term "President" "Act", and "Administrator", as used 

herein shall mean respectiveiy, President of the United States, Title 

I of the National Industrial Recovery Act, and the Administrator 

for Industrial Recovery. 

ARTICLE III-HouRs 

1. Except as hereinafter provided, no employee shall be permitted 

to work in excess of forty ( 40) hours in any one week, nor more 

than eight (8) hours in any twenty-four (24) hour period. 

2. Members of shop repair crews, engineers, el1ectricians, firemen, 

watchmen, plant managers, stock and shipping clerks shall not be 

permitted to work in excess of forty-four ( 44) hours in any one 

week. 

3. The provisions of tllis Article shall not apply to persons einployed in supervisorY. capacities, provided such persons earn not less 

than thirty dollars ($30.00) per week. 

4. No member of the Industry shall knowingly engage any employee for any time which, when totaled with that nJ1

ready performed 

(363) 
364 

~ith another member or members of the Industry, exceeds the 

maximum permitted herein. 

5. The provisions of this Article shall not apply to outside salesmen or to employees engaged in emergency maintenance or emergency 

repair work. 

ARTICLE IV-WAGES 

1. Except as hereinafter provided, no employee shall be paid at 

less than the rate of thirteen ( $13.00) dollars per forty ( 40) hour 

week. 

(a) No employee as defined in Article III, Sec. 2 shall' be paid at 

less than the rate of thirteen ($13.00) dollars per forty four ( 44) 

hour week. 

(b) The Code Authority with the approval of the Administrator 

Bhall fix the minimum piece work rate which shall be paid persons 

for the carding of buttons in homes. 

2. No apprentice shall be paid at less than the rate of 70% of 

minimum wage per week of 40 hours for the first six months of empl'oyment and thereafter not less than t.b.e minimum wages in section 

one of this article. The period of apprenticeship shall be strictly 

limited to six months and the number employed at any time shall 

not exceed 10% of the total number of employees. Any time worked 

by an apprentice shall be deemed a part of such apprenticeship 

period, whether such time is worked continuously, or in more than 

one shop, or for more than one employer. An affidavit sworn to and 

furnished by an employee as to the total number of hours he has 

worked as an apprentice in the industry shaH be deemed sufficient 

evidence of the status of such employee. The number of apprentices 

to be employed as mentioned in this article is subject to review by the 

code authority with the right to increase the number if good cause 

be shown. 

3. Persons who e earning capacities are limited because of age 

or physical or mental handicap may be employed at a wage below 

the minimum established by this Code under the following conditions: 

(a) That they shall be paid proportionately no less than the 

other employees in the same factory receive for similar work, but 

in no case shall their compensation amount to less than seventy 

percent (70% ) of the amount required by the minimum wage provisions of this Oode. 

(b) That the employer shall at once prepare and transmit to the 

Code Authority a list of such excepted persons stating name, class 

of occupation, wage rate, length of service, and reas.on for exception. 

This list shall be revised up to date once each month and transmitted 

to the Code Authority. 

(c) The proportion of excepted persons to total employees at any 

time shall not exceed the proportion of such employees on the 

payroll during the week of July 15, 1933. 

(d) The Code Authority shall have the right to investigate and 

disallow any such claims for exception subJect to review by the 

Administrator upon appeal by an employer or employee. 

(e) The Code Authority shall report to the Administrator within 

three (3) months and from time to time thereafter as to the effect 
365 

pf the operation o£ this provision, both generally and in cases o£ 

individual hardship. 

4. This article establishes a minimum rate of pay, which shall 

apply regardless of whether an employee is compensated on a time 

rate, piece work, or other basis. No employer shall reduce the fulltime weekly compensation of any employee receiving more than the 

minimum herein provided for below that in effect as of July 1, 1933, 

for any given class of work, whether such work was paid for on a 

monthly, weekly, daily, hourly, or piece rate basis, notwithstanding 

that the hours of such employment may have been reduced by the 

provisions of this code; the Code Authority, following an investigation, may recommend such adjustments of rates as may be necessary 

to eliminate inequitable differentials. 

ARTICLE V-GENERAL LABOR PROVISIONS 

1. No person under sixteen (16) years of age shall be employed 

in the Industry. No person under eighteen (18) years of age shall 

be employed at operations or occupations, if any, which are hazardous 

in nature or detrimental to health. The Code Authority shall submit to the Administrator within ninety (90) days of the effective date 

of this Code a list of such operations or occupations. 

2. Employees shall have the right to organize and bargain collectively, through representatives of their own choosing, and shall be 

free from the interference, restraint, or coercion of employers of labor 

or their agents, in the designation of such representatives or in selforganization or in other concerted activities for the purpose of collective bargaining or other mutual aid or protection. 

3. No employee and no one seeking employment shall be required 

as a condition of employment to join any company union, or to refrain from joining, organizing, or assisting a labor organization of 

his own choosing. 

4. Employers shall comply with the maximum hours of labor, 

minimum rates of pay, and other conditions of employment approved 

or prescribed by the President. 

5. No _ProvisiOn of this Code shall su:persede any law within any 

state whiCh imposes more stringent requirements on employers as to 

age of employees, wages, hours of work, or as to safety, health, or 

sanitary regulations, or insurance, or fire protection, or general 

working conditions, than are imposed by this Code. 

6. All employers shall post complete copies of Article III, IV, 

and V of this Code in conspicuous places accessible to employees. 

7. The Code Authority shall study the problem of home work in 

this Industry and propose to the Administrator, not longer than five 

( 5) months after the effective date of this Code, appropriate provisions for the regulation and control of such home work, and when 

approved by the Administrator, shall become binding upon all 

members of this Industry. 

~TICLE VI-ADMINISTRATION 

To further effeGtuate the purpose of the Act, a Code Authority 

is set up to cooperate with the Administrator in the administration 

of this Code. 
366 

1. Organization and Constitution of the Code Authority. · 

(a) The Code Authority shall consist of not more than nine (9) 

members. Six ( 6) members shall be appointed by the National 

Association of Button Manufacturers. In addition thereto, the Administrator may appoint not more than three (3) members who 

shall be without vote and who shall serve without expense to the 

Industry and together with the Administrator shall be given notice 

of and may sit at all meetings of the Code Authority. 

(b) Each trade or industrial association directly or indirectly 

participating in the selection or activities of the Code Authority 

shall (1) impose no inequitable restrictions on membership, and (2) 

submit to the Administrator true copies of its Articles of association, 

by-laws, regulations and any amendments when made thereto, together with such other information as to membership, organization 

and activities as the Administrator may deem necessary to effectuate 

the purposes of the Act. 

(c) In order that the Code Authority shall at all times be truly 

representative of the Industry and in other respects comply with 

the provisions of the Act, the Administrator may provide such 

hearings· as he may deem proper and may require an appropriate 

modification in the method of selection of the Code Authority, or 

any sub-Code Authority. 

(d) Members of the Industry shall be entitled to participate in 

and share the benefits of the activities of the Code Authority and 

to participate in the selection of the members thereof by assenting 

to and complying with the requirements of this Code and sustaining their reasonable share of the expenses of its administration. 

Such reasonable share of the expenses of administration shall be determined by the Code Authority, subject to review by the Adininistrator, on the basis of volume of business and/or such other factors 

as may be deemed equitable. 

(e) Nothing contained in this Code shall constitute the members 

of the Code Authority partners for any purpose. Nor shall any 

member of the Code Authority be liable in any manner to any one 

for any act of any other me1nber, officer, ~gent or employee of the 

Code Authority exercising reasonable diligence in the conduct of 

his duties hereunder be liable to any one for any action or omission 

to act under the Code, except for his own wilful misfeasance or nonfeasance. 

2. The Code Authority shall have the following powers and duties 

in addition to those elsewhere provided in this Code, subject to the 

right of the Administrator on review, to disapprove any action taken 

by the Code Authority. 

(a) To adopt by-laws and rules and regulations for its procedure and for the administration and enforcement of the Code, in 

accordance with the powers herein granted, and to submit same to 

the Adm.inistrator for his approval together with true copies of any 

amendments or additions when made thereto, minutes of meetings 

when held, and such other information as to its activities as the 

Administrator may deem necessary to effect the purposes of the Act. 

(b) To obtain from members of the Industry for use of the Code 

Authority and of the Administrator in the administration and enforcement of the Code, and for the information of the President, 
367 

reports based on periods of two or four weeks, or multiples thereof, 

as soon as the necessary readjustment within the Industry can be 

made, and to give assistance to members of the Industry in improving methods, and otherwise. All individual reports shall be kept 

confidential as to members of the Industry and only general summaries thereof may be published. 

(c) To receive complaints of violation of this Code, make investigations thereof and provide hearings thereof and adjust such complaints, and bring to the attention of the Administrator for prosecution, recommendations, and information relative to unadjusted 

violations. 

(d) To use such trade associations and other agencies as it deems 

proper for the carrying out of any of its activitjes provided for 

herein and to pay such trade associations and agencies the cost thereof, provided that nothing herein shall relieve the Code Authority of 

its duties or responsibilities under this Code and that such trade associations and agencies shall at all times be subject to and comply with 

the provisions hereof. 

(e) To coordinate the administration of this Code with such other 

Codes if any, as may be related to the Industry, or any sub-division 

thereof, and to delegate to any other administrative authority, with 

the approval of the Administrator, such powers as will promote joint 

and harmonious action upon matters of common interest. 

{f) To provide ways and means for financing the operation of 

said Code Authority and to determine an equitable method of apportioning in the Industry the cost of administering this Code. Money 

raised in any manner shall not exceed in amount such reasonable 

cost. 

(g) To initiate, consider and make recommendations for the modifications or amendment of this Code which shall become effective as 

a part of this Code when approved by the Administrator after such 

notice and hearing as he may specify. 

{h) To cause to be formulated an accounting system and methods 

of cost finding and/or estimating capable of use by all members of 

the industry. After such system and methods have been formulated, 

full details concerning them shall be made available to all members. 

Thereafter all members shall determine and/ or estimate costs in 

accordance with the principles of such methods. 

(i) To investigate and recommend a uniform system, or standard 

method of classifying blanks and grading finished buttons by the 

members of the Industry, which upon approval by the Administrator 

and after such notice of hearing, as he shall prescribe, shall become 

a part of this Code. 

(j) To recommend to the Administrator appropriate provisions 

for the regulation o£ the disposal of distress merchandise. 

(k) To recommend to the Administrator and upon his approval, 

subject to his review, to enforce such regulations affecting the procuring, conservation, and propagation of mussel shells as may be 

deemed necessary to assure a continuous supply of raw materials. 

(I) To investigate competitive articles imported into the United 

States on such t erms and under such conditions as to render ineffective or seriously endanger the maintenance o£ this Code and to act 
368 

as the agency :for making complaints to the proper governmental 

agency on behalf of this Industry. 

(m) To recommend to the Achninistrator further fair trade practice provisions to govern members of the industry in their relations 

with each other or with other industries and to recommend to the 

Administrator measures for industrial planning, including stabilization of employment. 

(n) to coordinate the administration of this Code with such other 

codes as may be related to the Industry, the Code Authority may 

designate representatives for the purpose of meeting with like representatives designated by the Code Authorities of the related Codes 

referred to above. Such representatives shall be duly authorized to 

constitute a committee, which conunittee shall, as soon as practicable, 

submit to the Administrator reports and recommendations with 

respect to: 

(1) The establishment and method of selection of a General Button 

Manufacturers Coordinating Council. 

(2) The jurisdiction, as well as the administrative powers and 

authority to be delegated to such Coordinating Council. 

Upon approval by the Administrator, after such hearings and 

notice as he shall prescribe, of such recommendations of the Council, 

selected in the manner above provided for, the Code Authority shall 

be subject to the jurisdiction, rules, regulations;.. and by-laws of the 

General Button Manufacturers Coordinating llouncil in the form 

and manner approved by the Administrator, any express or implied 

delegation of power or duty in this Code to the Code Authority 

notwithstanding. 

3. In addition to the information required to be submitted to the 

Code Authority as set forth in this Article there shall be furnished 

to government agencies such statistical information as the Administrator may deem necessary for the purposes recited in Section 3 (a) 

of the National Industrial Recovery Act. Nothing in this Code shall 

relieve any member of the Industry of any existing obligations to 

furnish reports to any government agency. 

4. If the Administrator shall determine that any action of a 

code authority or any agency thereof may be unfair or unjust or 

contrar·y to the public interest, the Administrator may require that 

such action be suspended to afford an opportunity for investigation of the 1nerits of such action and further consideration by such 

code authority or agency pending final action which shall not be 

effective unless the Administrator approves or unless he shall fail 

to disapprove after thirty days' notice to him of intention to proceed with such action in its original or modified form. 

ARTICLE VII-TRADE PIUCTICES 

1. No member of the Industry shall use selling methods or credit 

terms which t end to deceive or mislead the lmstomers or prospective 

customer. 

2. No member of the Industry shall brand or mark any commodity in any manner which tends to mislead or deceive purchasers 

with r espect to the grade, quality, origin, size, material, content or 

preparation of such commodity in conformity with the standards as 
369 

established by the Code Authority when approved by the Administrator. 

8. No member of the Industry shall use advertising or other representation which refers inaccurately in any material particular to 

any competitors or their commodities, prices, values, credit terms, 

policies or services. 

4. No member of the Industry shall publish or circularize unjustified or unwarranted threats of legal proceedings which tend to 

or have the effect of harassing competitors or intimidating any of 

their customers. 

5. No member of the Industry shall secretly offer or make any 

payment or allowance of a rebate, refund, commission, credit, unearned discount or excess allowance, whether in the form of money 

or otherwise, for the purpose of influencing a sale nor shall a member secretly extend to any customer any special service or privilege 

not extended to all customers of the same class. 

6. No member of the Industry shall give, permit to be given, or 

directly offer to give, anything of value for the purpose of influencing 

or rewarding the action of any employee, agent, or representative of 

another in relation to the business of the employer or such employee, 

the principal of such agent or the represented party, without the - knowledge of such employer, principal or party. Commercial 

bribery provisions are not to be construed to prohibit free and general1 

distribution of articles commonly used for advertising, except so far 

as such articles are actually used for commercial bnbery as herein 

above defined. 

7. No member of the Industry shall secretly give anything of value 

to the employee or agent of a customer for the purpose of influencing 

a sale, or in furtherance of a sale render a bill or statement of account 

to such employee, agent or customer which is inaccurate in any 

material particul1ar. 

8. No member of the Industry shall attempt to induce the breach 

of an existing contract between a competitor and his employee or 

customer, or source of supplies; nor shall any such member interfere 

wit~ or object to the performance of such contractual duties or 

services. 

9. No member of the Industry shall require that the purchase of 

any goods be prerequisite to the purchase of any other goods. 

10. No member of the Industry shall use any unfair means to 

secure information regarding the manner in which a competitor 

conducts his business. 

11. No member of the Industry shall ship goods on consignment 

except under circumstances authorized by the Code Authority and 

approved by the Administrator. 

12. No member of the Industry shall grant any term o:f cash discount in excess of one percent (1%) ten days, net thirty, E.O.M. 

Goods shipped on or after the twenty-fifth of a month may be biHed 

as of the first of the following month. 

13. All sample requirements in excess of one half gross in bulk in 

any one number and all sample cards furnished for the use of customers' salesmen shall be charged and paid for by the customer at 

the sales price of the finished button, plus aU carding and other costs 

entailed. 
370 

14. No member of the Industry shall sell any articles subject to the 

provisions of this Code below his individual cost. However, any 

member of the Industry may meet the price of any competing member of the Industry whose cost is lower. Cost for the purpose of this 

provision shall be determined in accordance with the uniform cost 

system provided for in Section 2 (h) of Article VI of this Code 

when such system is approved by the Administrator. 

ARTICLE VIII-MoDIFICATION 

1. This Code and all the provisions thereof are expressly made 

subject to the right of the President, in accordance with the provisions of sub-section (b) of Section 10 of the National Industrial 

Recovery Act, from time to time to cancel or modify any order, 

approval, license, rule or regulation issued under Title I of said 

Act and specifically, but without limitation, to the right of the President to cancel or modify his approval of this Code or any conditions 

imposed by him upon his approval thereof. 

2. This Code, except as to provisions required by the Act, may be 

1nodified on the basis of experience or changes in circumstances, such 

modification to be based upon application to the Administrator and 

such notice and hearing as he shall specify, and to become e:ffecti ve 

on approval of the President. 

ARTICLE IX-MONOPOLIES 

No provision of this Code shall be so applied as to permit monopolies or monopolistic practices, or to eliminate, oppress, or discriminate against small enterprises. 

ARTICLE X-PRIOE INCREASES 

Whereas the policy of the Act to increase real purchasing power 

will be made impossible of consummation if prices of goods and 

services increase as rapidly as wages, it is recognized that price 

increases should be delayed. But when made such increases should, 

so far as possible, be limited to actual increases in the seller's costs. 

ARTICLE XI-EFFECTIVE DATE 

This Code shall become effective on and after the second Monday 

after its approval. 

Approved Code No. 310. Registry No. 1009-1-02. 

0 

UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 

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