<PAGE>

                                                                     EXHIBIT 4.4

================================================================================

                            ARBOR REALTY TRUST, INC.

                                       TO

                              THE BANK OF NEW YORK

                                    INDENTURE

                           Dated as of ________, 2007

                          SUBORDINATED DEBT SECURITIES

================================================================================

<PAGE>

    CERTAIN SECTIONS OF THIS INDENTURE RELATING TO SECTIONS 310 THROUGH 318,
                 INCLUSIVE, OF THE TRUST INDENTURE ACT OF 1939:

<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
TRUST INDENTURE                                                      INDENTURE
  ACT SECTION                                                         SECTION
---------------                                                   --------------
<S>                                                               <C>
Section 310(a)(1)   ...........................................   609
           (a)(2)   ...........................................   609
           (a)(3)   ...........................................   Not Applicable
           (a)(4)   ...........................................   Not Applicable
              (b)   ...........................................   608, 610
Section 311(a)      ...........................................   613
              (b)   ...........................................   613
Section 312(a)      ...........................................   701
                    ...........................................   702
              (b)   ...........................................   702
              (c)   ...........................................   702
Section 313(a)      ...........................................   703
              (b)   ...........................................   703
              (c)   ...........................................   703
              (d)   ...........................................   703
Section 314(a)      ...........................................   704
           (a)(4)   ...........................................   101
                    ...........................................   1004
              (b)   ...........................................   Not Applicable
           (c)(1)   ...........................................   102
           (c)(2)   ...........................................   102
           (c)(3)   ...........................................   Not Applicable
              (d)   ...........................................   Not Applicable
              (e)   ...........................................   102
Section 315(a)      ...........................................   601
              (b)   ...........................................   602
              (c)   ...........................................   601
              (d)   ...........................................   601
              (e)   ...........................................   514
Section 316(a)      ...........................................   101
        (a)(1)(A)   ...........................................   502, 512
        (a)(1)(B)   ...........................................   513
           (a)(2)   ...........................................   Not Applicable
              (c)   ...........................................   104
Section 317(a)(l)   ...........................................   503
           (a)(2)   ...........................................   504
              (b)   ...........................................   1003
Section 318(a)      ...........................................   107
</TABLE>

NOTE: This reconciliation and tie shall not, for any purpose, be deemed to be a
     part of the Indenture.


                                        i

<PAGE>

                                TABLE OF CONTENTS

<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
                                                                            Page
                                                                            ----
<S>                                                                         <C>
ARTICLE I DEFINITIONS....................................................     1
   SECTION 101.  Definitions.............................................     1
   SECTION 102.  Compliance Certificates and Opinions....................     6
   SECTION 103.  Form of Documents Delivered to Trustee..................     6
   SECTION 104.  Acts of Holders; Record Dates...........................     7
   SECTION 105.  Notices, Etc., to Trustee and Company...................     8
   SECTION 106.  Notice to Holders; Waiver...............................     8
   SECTION 107.  Conflict with Trust Indenture Act.......................     9
   SECTION 108.  Effect of Headings and Table of Contents................     9
   SECTION 109.  Successors and Assigns..................................     9
   SECTION 110.  Separability Clause.....................................     9
   SECTION 111.  Benefits of Indenture...................................     9
   SECTION 112.  Governing Law...........................................     9
   SECTION 113.  Legal Holidays..........................................     9
   SECTION 114.  Language of Notices, Etc................................    10
   SECTION 115.  Submission to Jurisdiction..............................    10
   SECTION 116.  Waiver of Jury Trial....................................    10

ARTICLE II SECURITY FORMS................................................    10
   SECTION 201.  Forms Generally.........................................    10
   SECTION 202.  Form of Legend for Global Securities....................    10
   SECTION 203.  Form of Trustee's Certificate of Authentication.........    11
   SECTION 204.  Securities in Global Form...............................    11

ARTICLE III THE SECURITIES...............................................    12
   SECTION 301.  Amount Unlimited; Issuable In Series....................    12
   SECTION 302.  Denominations...........................................    15
   SECTION 303.  Execution, Authentication, Delivery and Dating..........    15
   SECTION 304.  Temporary Securities....................................    16
   SECTION 305.  Registration, Registration of Transfer and Exchange.....    16
   SECTION 306.  Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost and Stolen Securities........    17
   SECTION 307.  Payment of Interest; Interest Rights Preserved..........    18
   SECTION 308.  Persons Deemed Owners...................................    18
   SECTION 309.  Cancellation............................................    19
   SECTION 310.  Computation of Interest.................................    19
   SECTION 311.  CUSIP Numbers...........................................    19

ARTICLE IV SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE....................................    19
   SECTION 401.  Satisfaction and Discharge of Indenture.................    19
   SECTION 402.  Application of Trust Money..............................    20

ARTICLE V REMEDIES.......................................................    20
   SECTION 501.  Events of Default.......................................    20
   SECTION 502.  Acceleration of Maturity; Rescission and Annulment......    21
   SECTION 503.  Collection of Indebtedness and Suits for Enforcement by
                 Trustee.................................................    22
   SECTION 504.  Trustee May File Proofs of Claim........................    23
   SECTION 505.  Trustee May Enforce Claims Without Possession of
                 Securities..............................................    23
   SECTION 506.  Application of Money Collected..........................    23
   SECTION 507.  Limitation on Suits.....................................    23
   SECTION 508.  Unconditional Right of Holders to Receive Principal,
                 Premium and Interest....................................    24
   SECTION 509.  Restoration of Rights and Remedies......................    24
</TABLE>


                                       ii

<PAGE>

<TABLE>
<S>                                                                         <C>
   SECTION 510.  Rights and Remedies Cumulative..........................    24
   SECTION 511.  Delay or Omission Not Waiver............................    24
   SECTION 512.  Control by Holders......................................    25
   SECTION 513.  Waiver of Past Defaults.................................    25
   SECTION 514.  Undertaking for Costs...................................    25
   SECTION 515.  Waiver of Usury, Stay or Extension Laws.................    25
   SECTION 516.  Rights of Holders of Securities to Receive Payment......    25

ARTICLE VI THE TRUSTEE...................................................    26
   SECTION 601.  Duties of Trustee.......................................    26
   SECTION 602.  Certain Rights of Trustee...............................    27
   SECTION 603.  Not Responsible for Recitals or Issuance of Securities..    28
   SECTION 604.  May Hold Securities.....................................    28
   SECTION 605.  Money Held In Trust.....................................    28
   SECTION 606.  Compensation and Reimbursement..........................    28
   SECTION 607.  Conflicting Interests...................................    29
   SECTION 608.  Corporate Trustee Required; Eligibility.................    29
   SECTION 609.  Resignation and Removal; Appointment of Successor.......    29
   SECTION 610.  Acceptance of Appointment by Successor..................    30
   SECTION 611.  Merger, Conversion, Consolidation or Succession to
                 Business................................................    31
   SECTION 612.  Preferential Collection of Claims Against Company.......    31
   SECTION 613.  Appointment of Authenticating Agent.....................    32

ARTICLE VII HOLDERS' LISTS AND REPORTS BY TRUSTEE AND COMPANY............    33
   SECTION 701.  Company to Furnish Trustee Names and Addresses of
                 Holders.................................................    33
   SECTION 702.  Preservation of Information; Communications to Holders..    33
   SECTION 703.  Reports by Trustee......................................    34
   SECTION 704.  Reports by Company......................................    34

ARTICLE VIII CONSOLIDATION, MERGER, CONVEYANCE, TRANSFER OR LEASE........    34
   SECTION 801.  Company May Consolidate, Etc., Only on Certain Terms....    34
   SECTION 802.  Successor Substituted...................................    35

ARTICLE IX SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES.......................................    35
   SECTION 901.  Supplemental Indentures Without Consent of Holders......    35
   SECTION 902.  Supplemental Indentures With Consent of Holders.........    36
   SECTION 903.  Execution of Supplemental Indentures....................    37
   SECTION 904.  Effect of Supplemental Indentures.......................    37
   SECTION 905.  Conformity with Trust Indenture Act.....................    37
   SECTION 906.  Reference in Securities to Supplemental Indentures......    37

ARTICLE X COVENANTS......................................................    38
   SECTION 1001. Payment of Principal, Premium and Interest..............    38
   SECTION 1002. Maintenance of Office or Agency.........................    38
   SECTION 1003. Money for Securities Payments to Be Held in Trust.......    38
   SECTION 1004. Statement by Officers as to Default.....................    39
   SECTION 1005. Existence...............................................    39
   SECTION 1006. Maintenance of Properties...............................    39
   SECTION 1007. Payment of Taxes and Other Claims.......................    39
   SECTION 1008. Waiver of Certain Covenants.............................    40
   SECTION 1009. Additional Amounts......................................    40

ARTICLE XI REDEMPTION OF SECURITIES......................................    40
   SECTION 1101. Applicability of Article................................    40
   SECTION 1102. Election to Redeem; Notice to Trustee...................    41
   SECTION 1103. Selection by Trustee of Securities to Be Redeemed.......    41
   SECTION 1104. Notice of Redemption....................................    41
</TABLE>


                                       iii

<PAGE>

<TABLE>
<S>                                                                         <C>
   SECTION 1105. Deposit of Redemption Price.............................    42
   SECTION 1106. Securities Payable on Redemption Date...................    42
   SECTION 1107. Securities Redeemed in Part.............................    42

ARTICLE XII SINKING FUNDS................................................    43
   SECTION 1201. Applicability of Article................................    43
   SECTION 1202. Satisfaction of Sinking Fund Payments with Securities...    43
   SECTION 1203. Redemption of Securities for Sinking Fund...............    43

ARTICLE XIII DEFEASANCE AND COVENANT DEFEASANCE..........................    43
   SECTION 1301. Company's Option to Effect Defeasance or Covenant
                 Defeasance..............................................    43
   SECTION 1302. Defeasance and Discharge................................    44
   SECTION 1303. Covenant Defeasance.....................................    44
   SECTION 1304. Conditions to Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance.........    44
   SECTION 1305. Deposited Money and Government Obligations to be Held in
                 Trust; Other  Miscellaneous Provisions..................    46
   SECTION 1306. Reinstatement...........................................    46

ARTICLE XIV SUBORDINATION OF SECURITIES..................................    46
   SECTION 1401. Securities Subordinate to Senior Debt...................    46
   SECTION 1402. Payment Over of Proceeds Upon Dissolution, Etc..........    47
   SECTION 1403. Subrogation to Rights of Holders of Senior Debt.........    47
   SECTION 1404. Provisions Solely to Define Relative Rights.............    47
   SECTION 1405. Trustee to Effectuate Subordination.....................    48
   SECTION 1406. No Waiver of Subordination Provisions...................    48
   SECTION 1407. Notice to Trustee.......................................    48
   SECTION 1408. Reliance On Judicial Order or Certificate of Liquidating
                 Agent...................................................    49
   SECTION 1409. Trustee Not Fiduciary for Holders of Senior Debt........    49
   SECTION 1410. Rights of Trustee As Holder of Senior Debt; Preservation
                 of Trustee's Rights.....................................    49
   SECTION 1411. Article Applicable to Paying Agents.....................    50
   SECTION 1412. Certain Conversions or Exchanges Deemed Payment.........    50
   SECTION 1413. Defeasance of This Article Fourteen.....................    50

ARTICLE XV MEETING OF HOLDERS OF SECURITIES..............................    50
   SECTION 1501. Purposes for which Meetings may be Called...............    50
   SECTION 1502. Call, Notice and Place of Meetings......................    50
   SECTION 1503. Persons entitled to Vote at Meetings....................    51
   SECTION 1504. Quorum; Action..........................................    51
   SECTION 1505. Determination of Voting Rights; Conduct and Adjournment
                 of Meetings.............................................    52
   SECTION 1506. Counting Votes and Recording Action of Meetings.........    52
</TABLE>


                                       iv
<PAGE>

     INDENTURE, dated as of _________, 2007 between Arbor Realty Trust, Inc., a
corporation duly organized and existing under the laws of the State of Maryland
(herein called the "Company"), having its principal office at 333 Earle Ovington
Boulevard, Suite 900, Uniondale, NY 11553 and The Bank of New York, a New York
banking corporation, as Trustee (herein called the "Trustee").

                             RECITALS OF THE COMPANY

     The Company has duly authorized the execution and delivery of this
Indenture to provide for the issuance from time to time of its unsecured,
subordinated debentures, notes or other evidences of indebtedness (herein called
the "Securities"), which may be convertible into or exchangeable for any
securities of any persons (including the Company), to be issued in one or more
series as in this Indenture provided.

     All things necessary to make this Indenture a valid and legally binding
agreement of the Company, in accordance with its terms, have been done.

     NOW, THEREFORE, THIS INDENTURE WITNESSETH:

     For and in consideration of the premises and the purchase of the Securities
by the Holders thereof, it is mutually agreed, for the equal and proportionate
benefit of all Holders of the Securities or of Series thereof, as follows:

                                    ARTICLE I

                                   DEFINITIONS

SECTION 101. Definitions.

     For all purposes of this Indenture, except as otherwise expressly provided
or unless the context otherwise requires:

          (1) the terms defined in this Article have the meanings assigned to
     them in this Article and include the plural as well as the singular;

          (2) all other terms used herein which are defined in the Trust
     Indenture Act, either directly or by reference therein, have the meanings
     assigned to them therein;

          (3) all accounting terms not otherwise defined herein have the
     meanings assigned to them in accordance with United States generally
     accepted accounting principles, the term "generally accepted accounting
     principles" with respect to any computation required or permitted hereunder
     shall mean such accounting principles as are generally accepted as
     consistently applied by the Company at the date of such computation;

          (4) unless the context otherwise requires, any reference to an
     "Article," a "Section" or an "Exhibit" refers to an Article, a Section or
     an Exhibit, as the case may be, of or to this Indenture; and

          (5) the words "herein," "hereof" and "hereunder" and other words of
     similar import refer to this Indenture as a whole and not to any particular
     Article, Section or other subdivision.

          Certain terms, used principally in Article Six and Article Thirteen,
     are defined in those Articles.

     "Act," when used with respect to any Holder, has the meaning specified in
Section 104.

     "Affiliate" of any specified Person means any other Person directly or
indirectly controlling or controlled by or under direct or indirect common
control with such specified Person. For the purposes of this definition,
"control" when used with respect to any specified Person means the power to
direct the

<PAGE>

management and policies of such Person, directly or indirectly, whether through
the ownership of voting securities, by contract or otherwise; and the terms
"controlling" and "controlled" have meanings correlative to the foregoing.

     "Authenticating Agent" means any Person authorized by the Trustee pursuant
to Section 613 to act on behalf of the Trustee to authenticate Securities of one
or more series.

     "Authorized Newspaper" means a newspaper, in the English language or in an
official language of the country of publication, customarily published on each
Business Day, whether or not published on Saturdays, Sundays or holidays, and of
general circulation in each place in connection with which the term is used or
in the financial community of each such place. Where successive publications are
required to be made in Authorized Newspapers, the successive publications may be
made in the same or in different newspapers in the same city meeting the
foregoing requirements and in each case on any Business Day.

     "Board of Directors" means either the board of directors of the Company or
any duly authorized committee of that board.

     "Board Resolution" means a copy of a resolution certified by the Secretary
or an Assistant Secretary of the Company to have been duly adopted by the Board
of Directors and to be in full force and effect on the date of such
certification, and delivered to the Trustee.

     "Business Day," when used with respect to any Place of Payment, means each
Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday and Friday that is not a day on which
banking institutions in that Place of Payment are authorized or obligated by law
or executive order to close.

     "Commission" means the United States Securities and Exchange Commission,
from time to time constituted, created under the Exchange Act, or, if at any
time after the execution of this instrument the United States Securities and
Exchange Commission is not existing and performing the duties now assigned to it
under the Trust Indenture Act, then the body performing such duties at such
time.

     "Company" means the Person named as the "Company" in the first paragraph of
this instrument until a successor Person shall have become such pursuant to the
applicable provisions of this Indenture, and thereafter "Company" shall mean
such successor Person.

     "Company Request" or "Company Order" means a written request or order
signed in the name of the Company by its Chairman of the Board, its Vice
Chairman of the Board, its President or a Vice President, and by its Treasurer,
an Assistant Treasurer, its Secretary or an Assistant Secretary, and delivered
to the Trustee.

     "Corporate Trust Office" means the principal office of the Trustee at which
at any particular time its corporate trust business shall be administered which
as of the date hereof is located at 101 Barclay Street, 8W, New York, New York
10286, Attention: Corporate Trust Administration.

     "corporation" means a corporation, association, company, joint-stock
company or business trust.

     "Covenant Defeasance" has the meaning specified in Section 1303.

     "Defaulted Interest" has the meaning specified in Section 307.

     "Defeasance" has the meaning specified in Section 1302.

     "Depositary" means, with respect to Securities of any series issuable in
whole or in part in the form of one or more Global Securities, a clearing agency
registered under the Exchange Act that is designated to act as Depositary for
such Securities as contemplated by Section 301.

     "Event of Default" has the meaning specified in Section 501.


                                       2

<PAGE>

     "Exchange Act" means the United States Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and
any statute successor thereto, in each case as amended from time to time.

     "Expiration Date" has the meaning specified in Section 104.

     "Global Security" means a Security that evidences all or part of the
Securities of any series and bears the legend set forth in Section 202 (or such
legend as may be specified as contemplated by Section 301 for such Securities).

     "Government Obligation" has the meaning specified in Section 1304.

     "Holder" means the Person in whose name the Security is registered in the
Security Register.

     "Indenture" means this instrument as originally executed and as it may from
time to time be supplemented or amended by one or more indentures supplemental
hereto entered into pursuant to the applicable provisions hereof, including, for
all purposes of this instrument and any such supplemental indenture, the
provisions of the Trust Indenture Act that are deemed to be a part of and govern
this instrument and any such supplemental indenture, respectively. The term
"Indenture" shall also include the terms of particular series of Securities
established as contemplated by Section 301.

     "interest," when used with respect to an Original Issue Discount Security
which by its terms bears interest only after Maturity, means interest payable
after Maturity.

     "Interest Payment Date," when used with respect to any Security, means the
Stated Maturity of an installment of interest on such Security.

     "Investment Company Act" means the United States Investment Company Act of
1940 and any statute successor thereto, in each case as amended from time to
time.

     "Maturity," when used with respect to any Security, means the date on which
the principal of such Security or an installment of principal becomes due and
payable as therein or herein provided, whether at the Stated Maturity or by
declaration of acceleration, call for redemption or otherwise.

     "Notice of Default" means a written notice of the kind specified in Section
501(4).

     "Officers' Certificate" means a certificate signed by the Chairman of the
Board, a Vice Chairman of the Board, the President or a Vice President, and by
the Treasurer, an Assistant Treasurer, the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary,
of the Company, and delivered to the Trustee. One of the officers signing an
Officers' Certificate given pursuant to Section 1004 shall be the principal
executive, financial or accounting officer of the Company.

     "Opinion of Counsel" means a written opinion of counsel.

     "Original Issue Discount Security" means any Security which provides for an
amount less than the principal amount thereof to be due and payable upon a
declaration of acceleration of the Maturity thereof pursuant to Section 502.

     "Outstanding," when used with respect to Securities, means, as of the date
of determination, all Securities theretofore authenticated and delivered under
this Indenture, except:

          (1) Securities theretofore cancelled by the Trustee or delivered to
     the Trustee for cancellation;

          (2) Securities for whose payment or redemption money in the necessary
     amount has been theretofore deposited with the Trustee or any Paying Agent
     (other than the Company) in trust or set aside and segregated in trust by
     the Company (if the Company shall act as its own Paying Agent) for the
     Holders of such Securities; provided that, if such Securities are to be
     redeemed,


                                       3

<PAGE>

     notice of such redemption has been duly given pursuant to this Indenture or
     provision therefor satisfactory to the Trustee has been made;

          (3) Securities as to which Defeasance has been effected pursuant to
     Section 1302; and

          (4) Securities that have been paid pursuant to Section 305 or in
     exchange for or in lieu of which other Securities have been authenticated
     and delivered pursuant to this Indenture, other than any such Securities in
     respect of which there shall have been presented to the Trustee proof
     satisfactory to it that such Securities are held by a bona fide purchaser
     in whose hands such Securities are valid obligations of the Company;

     provided, however, that in determining whether the Holders of the requisite
     principal amount of the Outstanding Securities have given, made or taken
     any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver, or
     other action hereunder as of any date or whether a quorum is present at a
     meeting of Holders of Securities, (A) the principal amount of an Original
     Issue Discount Security which shall be deemed to be Outstanding shall be
     the amount of the principal thereof that would be due and payable as of
     such date upon acceleration of the Maturity thereof to such date pursuant
     to Section 502, (B) if, as of such date, the principal amount payable at
     the Stated Maturity of a Security is not determinable, the principal amount
     of such Security that shall be deemed to be Outstanding shall be the amount
     as specified or determined as contemplated by Section 301, (C) the
     principal amount of a Security denominated in one or more foreign
     currencies or currency units which shall be deemed to be Outstanding shall
     be the U.S. dollar equivalent, determined as of such date in the manner
     provided as contemplated by Section 301, of the principal amount of such
     Security (or, in the case of a Security described in Clause (A) or (B)
     above, of the amount determined as provided in such Clause), and (D)
     Securities owned by the Company or any other obligor upon the Securities or
     any Affiliate of the Company or of such other obligor shall be disregarded
     and deemed not to be Outstanding, except that, in determining whether the
     Trustee shall be protected in relying upon any such request, demand,
     authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver, or other action, or upon
     any such determination as to the presence of a quorum, only Securities that
     a Responsible Officer of the Trustee actually knows to be so owned shall be
     so disregarded. Securities so owned that have been pledged in good faith
     may be regarded as Outstanding if the pledgee establishes to the
     satisfaction of the Trustee the pledgee's right so to act with respect to
     such Securities and that the pledgee is not the Company or any other
     obligor upon the Securities or any Affiliate of the Company or of such
     other obligor.

     "Paying Agent" means any Person authorized by the Company to pay the
principal of or any premium or interest on any Securities on behalf of the
Company.

     "Person" means any individual, corporation, partnership, limited liability
company, joint venture, trust, unincorporated organization or government or any
agency or political subdivision thereof.

     "Place of Payment," when used with respect to the Securities of any series,
means the place or places specified in accordance with Section 301 where the
principal of and any premium and interest on the Securities of that series are
payable.

     "Predecessor Security" of any particular Security means every previous
Security evidencing all or a portion of the same debt as that evidenced by such
particular Security; and, for the purposes of this definition, any Security
authenticated and delivered under Section 306 in exchange for or in lieu of a
mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Security shall be deemed to evidence the
same debt as the mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Security.

     "Redemption Date," when used with respect to any Security to be redeemed,
means the date fixed for such redemption by or pursuant to this Indenture.

     "Redemption Price," when used with respect to any Security to be redeemed,
means the price at which it is to be redeemed pursuant to this Indenture.


                                       4

<PAGE>

     "Regular Record Date" for the interest payable on any Interest Payment Date
on the Securities of any series means the date specified for that purpose as
contemplated by Section 301.

     "Responsible Officer," when used with respect to the Trustee, means any
vice president, the treasurer, any assistant treasurer, any trust officer or
assistant trust officer, or any other officer of the Trustee customarily
performing functions similar to those performed by any of the above designated
officers and also means, with respect to a particular corporate trust matter,
any other officer to whom such matter is referred because of his knowledge of
and familiarity with the particular subject and who shall have responsibility
for the administration of this Indenture.

     "Securities" has the meaning stated in the first recital of this Indenture
and more particularly means any Securities authenticated and delivered under
this Indenture.

     "Securities Act" means the United States Securities Act of 1933 and any
statute successor thereto, in each case as amended from time to time.

     "Security Register" and "Security Registrar" have the respective meanings
specified in Section 305.

     "Senior Debt" means all amounts due on obligations in connection with any
of the following, whether outstanding at the date of execution of this Indenture
or thereafter incurred or created: (i) the principal of (and premium, if any)
and interest due on the Company's indebtedness for borrowed money and
indebtedness evidenced by securities, debentures, bonds or other similar
instruments issued by the Company; (ii) all of the Company's capital lease
obligations; (iii) any of the Company's obligations as lessee under leases
required to be capitalized on the balance sheet of the lessee under generally
accepted accounting principles; (iv) all of the Company's obligations for the
reimbursement on any letter of credit, banker's acceptance, security purchase
facility or similar credit transaction; (v) all of the Company's obligations in
respect of interest rate swap, cap or other agreements, interest rate future or
options contracts, currency swap agreements, currency future or option contracts
and other similar agreements; (vi) all obligations of the types referred to
above of other persons for the payment of which the Company is responsible or
liable as obligor, guarantor or otherwise; and (vii) all obligations of the
types referred to above of other persons secured by any lien on any property or
asset of the Company (whether or not such obligation is assumed by the Company);
provided, however, that the following will not constitute Senior Indebtedness:
(a) any indebtedness which expressly provides (i) that such indebtedness shall
not be senior in right of payment to the Securities, or (ii) that such
indebtedness shall be subordinated to any other indebtedness of the Company,
unless such indebtedness expressly provides that such indebtedness shall be
senior in right of payment to the Securities; (b) any indebtedness of the
Company in respect of the Securities; (c) any indebtedness or liability for
compensation to employees, for goods or materials purchased in the ordinary
course of business or for services; (d) any indebtedness of the Company to any
subsidiary; and (e) any liability for federal, state, local or other taxes owed
or owing by the Company.

     "Special Record Date" for the payment of any Defaulted Interest means a
date fixed by the Trustee pursuant to Section 307.

     "Stated Maturity," when used with respect to any Security or any
installment of principal thereof or interest thereon, means the date specified
in such Security as the fixed date on which the principal of such Security or
such installment of principal or interest is due and payable.

     "Subsidiary" means a corporation or limited liability company more than 50%
of the outstanding voting stock of which is owned, directly or indirectly, by
the Company or by one or more other Subsidiaries, or by the Company and one or
more other Subsidiaries. For the purposes of this definition, "voting-stock"
means the equity interest that ordinarily has voting power for the election of
directors, managers or trustees of an entity, or persons performing similar
functions, whether at all times or only so long as no senior class of equity
interest has such voting power by reason of any contingency.

     "Trust Indenture Act" means the United States Trust Indenture Act of 1939
as in force at the date as of which this instrument was executed; provided,
however, that in the event the Trust Indenture Act of


                                       5

<PAGE>

1939 is amended after such date, "Trust Indenture Act" means, to the extent
required by any such amendment, the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 as so amended.

     "Trustee" means the Person named as the "Trustee" in the first paragraph of
this instrument until a successor Trustee shall have become such pursuant to the
applicable provisions of this Indenture, and thereafter "Trustee" shall mean or
include each Person who is then a Trustee hereunder, and if at any time there is
more than one such Person, "Trustee" as used with respect to the Securities of
any series shall mean the Trustee with respect to Securities of that series.

     "United States Alien" means any Person who, for United States Federal
income tax purposes, is a foreign corporation, a non-resident alien individual,
a non-resident alien fiduciary of a foreign estate or trust, or a foreign
partnership one or more of the members of which is, for United States Federal
income tax purposes, a foreign corporation, a non-resident alien individual or a
non-resident alien fiduciary of a foreign estate or trust.

     "Vice President," when used with respect to the Company or the Trustee,
means any vice president, whether or not designated by a number or a word or
words added before or after the title "vice president."

SECTION 102. Compliance Certificates and Opinions.

     Upon any application or request by the Company to the Trustee to take any
action under any provision of this Indenture, the Company shall furnish to the
Trustee: an Officers' Certificate to the effect that, in the opinion of the
signers, all conditions precedent and covenants, if any, provided for in this
Indenture relating to the proposed action have been satisfied, and an Opinion of
Counsel to the effect that, in the opinion of such counsel, all such conditions
precedent and covenants have been satisfied.

     Every certificate or opinion with respect to compliance with a condition or
covenant provided for in this Indenture (except for certificates provided for in
Section 1004) shall comply with the provisions of the Trust Indenture Act, and
shall include,

          (1) a statement that each individual signing such certificate or
     opinion has read such covenant or condition and the definitions herein
     relating thereto;

          (2) a brief statement as to the nature and scope of the examination or
     investigation upon which the statements or opinions contained in such
     certificate or opinion are based;

          (3) a statement that, in the opinion of each such individual, he has
     made such examination or investigation as is necessary to enable him to
     express an informed opinion as to whether or not such covenant or condition
     has been complied with; and

          (4) a statement as to whether, in the opinion of each such individual,
     such condition or covenant has been complied with.

SECTION 103. Form of Documents Delivered to Trustee.

     In any case where several matters are required to be certified by, or
covered by an opinion of, any specified Person, it is not necessary that all
such matters be certified by, or covered by the opinion of, only one such
Person, or that they be so certified or covered by only one document, but one
such Person may certify or give an opinion with respect to some matters and one
or more other such Persons as to other matters, and any such Person may certify
or give an opinion as to such matters in one or several documents.

     Any certificate or opinion of an officer of the Company may be based,
insofar as it relates to legal matters, upon a certificate or opinion of, or
representations by, counsel, unless such officer knows, or in the exercise of
reasonable care should know, that the certificate or opinion or representations
with respect to the matters upon which his certificate or opinion is based are
erroneous. Any such certificate or opinion of counsel may be based, insofar as
it relates to factual matters, upon a certificate or opinion of, or
representations by, an officer or officers of the Company stating that the
information with respect to such


                                       6

<PAGE>

factual matters is in the possession of the Company, unless such counsel knows,
or in the exercise of reasonable care should know, that the certificate or
opinion or representations with respect to such matters are erroneous.

     Where any Person is required to make, give or execute two or more
applications, requests, consents, certificates, statements, opinions or other
instruments under this Indenture, they may, but need not, be consolidated and
form one instrument.

SECTION 104. Acts of Holders; Record Dates.

     Any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or
other action provided or permitted by this Indenture to be given, made or taken
by Holders may be embodied in and evidenced by one or more instruments of
substantially similar tenor signed by such Holders in person or by agent duly
appointed in writing. Except as herein otherwise expressly provided, such action
shall become effective when such instrument or instruments are delivered to the
Trustee and, where it is hereby expressly required, to the Company. Such
instrument or instruments (and the action embodied therein and evidenced
thereby) are herein sometimes referred to as the "Act" of the Holders signing
such instrument or instruments shall be sufficient for any purpose of this
Indenture and (subject to Section 601) conclusive in favor of the Trustee and
the Company, if made in the manner provided in this Section.

     The fact and date of the execution by any Person of any such instrument or
writing may be proved by the affidavit of a witness of such execution or by a
certificate of a notary public or other officer authorized by law to take
acknowledgments of deeds, certifying that the individual signing such instrument
or writing acknowledged to him the execution thereof. Where such execution is by
a signer acting in a capacity other than his individual capacity, such
certificate or affidavit shall also constitute sufficient proof of his
authority. The fact and date of the execution of any such instrument or writing,
or the authority of the Person executing the same, may also be proved in any
other manner which the Trustee deems sufficient.

     The principal amount and serial numbers of Securities held by any Person,
and the date of holding the same, shall be proved by the Security Register.

     Any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or
other Act of the Holder of any Security shall bind every future Holder of the
same Security and the Holder of every Security issued upon the registration of
transfer thereof or in exchange therefor or in lieu thereof in respect of
anything done, omitted or suffered to be done by the Trustee or the Company in
reliance thereon, whether or not notation of such action is made upon such
Security.

     The Company may set any day as a record date for the purpose of determining
the Holders of Outstanding Securities of any series entitled to give, make or
take any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or
other action provided or permitted by this Indenture to be given, made or taken
by Holders of Securities of such series, provided, that the Company may not set
a record date for, and the provisions of this paragraph shall not apply with
respect to, the giving or making of any notice, declaration, request or
direction referred to in the next paragraph. If any record date is set pursuant
to this paragraph, the Holders of Outstanding Securities of the relevant series
on such record date, and no other Holders, shall be entitled to take the
relevant action, whether or not such Holders remain Holders after such record
date; provided, that no such action shall be effective hereunder unless taken on
or prior to the applicable Expiration Date by Holders of the requisite principal
amount of Outstanding Securities of such series on such record date. Nothing in
this paragraph shall be construed to prevent the Company from setting a new
record date for any action for which a record date has previously been set
pursuant to this paragraph (whereupon the record date previously set shall
automatically and with no action by any Person be cancelled and of no effect),
and nothing in this paragraph shall be construed to render ineffective any
action taken by Holders of the requisite principal amount of Outstanding
Securities of the relevant series on the date such action is taken. Promptly
after any record date is set pursuant to this paragraph, the Company, at its own
expense, shall cause notice of such record date, the proposed action by Holders
and the applicable Expiration Date to be given to the Trustee in writing and to
each Holder of Securities of the relevant series in the manner set forth in
Section 106.


                                       7

<PAGE>

     The Trustee may set any day as a record date for the purpose of determining
the Holders of Outstanding Securities of any series entitled to join in the
giving or making of (i) any Notice of Default, (ii) any declaration of
acceleration referred to in Section 502, (iii) any request to institute
proceedings referred to in Section 507(2) or (iv) any direction referred to in
Section 512, in each case with respect to Securities of such series. If any
record date is set pursuant to this paragraph, the Holders of Outstanding
Securities of such series on such record date, and no other Holders, shall be
entitled to join in such notice, declaration, request or direction, whether or
not such Holders remain Holders after such record date; provided, that no such
action shall be effective hereunder unless taken on or prior to the applicable
Expiration Date by Holders of the requisite principal amount of Outstanding
Securities of such series on such record date. Nothing in this paragraph shall
be construed to prevent the Trustee from setting a new record date for any
action for which a record date has previously been set pursuant to this
paragraph (whereupon the record date previously set shall automatically and with
no action by any Person be cancelled and of no effect), and nothing in this
paragraph shall be construed to render ineffective any action taken by Holders
of the requisite principal amount of Outstanding Securities of the relevant
series on the date such action is taken. Promptly after any record date is set
pursuant to this paragraph, the Trustee, at the Company's expense, shall cause
notice of such record date, the proposed action by Holders and the applicable
Expiration Date to be given to the Company in writing and to each Holder of
Securities of the relevant series in the manner set forth in Section 106.

     With respect to any record date set pursuant to this Section, the party
hereto that sets such record date may designate any day as the "Expiration Date"
and from time to time may change the Expiration Date to any earlier or later
day; provided that no such change shall be effective unless notice of the
proposed new Expiration Date is given to the other party hereto in writing, and
to each Holder of Securities of the relevant series in the manner set forth in
Section 106, on or prior to the existing Expiration Date. If an Expiration Date
is not designated with respect to any record date set pursuant to this Section,
the party hereto that set such record date shall be deemed to have initially
designated the 180th day after such record date as the Expiration Date with
respect thereto, subject to its right to change the Expiration Date as provided
in this paragraph.

     Without limiting the foregoing, a Holder entitled hereunder to take any
action hereunder with regard to any particular Security may do so with regard to
all or any part of the principal amount of such Security or by one or more duly
appointed agents each of which may do so pursuant to such appointment with
regard to all or any part of such principal amount.

SECTION 105. Notices, Etc., to Trustee and Company.

     Any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or
Act of Holders or other document provided or permitted by this Indenture to be
made upon, given or furnished to, or filed with,

          (1) the Trustee by any Holder or by the Company shall be sufficient
     for every purpose hereunder if made, given, furnished or filed in writing
     (which may be via facsimile) to or with the Trustee at its Corporate Trust
     Office, Attention: Corporate Trust Administration, or

          (2) the Company by the Trustee or by any Holder shall be sufficient
     for every purpose hereunder (unless otherwise herein expressly provided) if
     in writing and mailed, first-class postage prepaid, to the Company
     addressed to it at the address of its principal office specified in the
     first paragraph of this instrument, Attention: Secretary, or at any other
     address previously furnished in writing to the Trustee by the Company.

SECTION 106. Notice to Holders; Waiver.

     Except as otherwise expressly provided herein, where this Indenture
provides for notice of any event to Holders of Securities, such notice shall be
sufficiently given to Holders of Securities if in writing and mailed,
first-class postage prepaid, to each Holder of a Security affected by such
event, at the address of such Holder as it appears in the Security Register, not
later than the latest date (if any), and not earlier than the earliest date (if
any), prescribed for the giving of such notice.


                                       8

<PAGE>

     In case by reason of the suspension of regular mail service or by reason of
any other cause it shall be impracticable to give such notice to Holders of
Securities by mail, then such notification as shall be made with the approval of
the Trustee shall constitute a sufficient notification for every purpose
hereunder. In any case where notice to Holders of Securities is given by mail,
neither the failure to mail such notice, nor any defect in any notice so mailed,
to any particular Holder of a Security shall affect the sufficiency of such
notice with respect to other Holders.

     Where this Indenture provides for notice in any manner, such notice may be
waived in writing by the Person entitled to receive such notice either before or
after the event, and such waiver shall be the equivalent of such notice. Waivers
of notice by Holders of Securities shall be filed with the Trustee, but such
filing shall not be a condition precedent to the validity of any action taken in
reliance upon such waiver.

SECTION 107. Conflict with Trust Indenture Act

     This Indenture shall incorporate and be governed by the provisions of the
Trust Indenture Act that are required to be part of and to govern indentures
qualified under the Trust Indenture Act. If any provision hereof limits,
qualifies or conflicts with a provision of the Trust Indenture Act that is
required under such Act to be a part of and govern this Indenture, the latter
provision shall control. If any provision of this Indenture modifies or excludes
any provision of the Trust Indenture Act that may be so modified or excluded,
the latter provision shall be deemed to apply to this Indenture as so modified
or to be excluded, as the case may be.

SECTION 108. Effect of Headings and Table of Contents.

     The Article and Section headings herein and the Table of Contents are for
convenience only and shall not affect the construction hereof.

SECTION 109. Successors and Assigns.

     All covenants and agreements in this Indenture by the Company shall bind
its successors and assigns, whether so expressed or not.

SECTION 110. Separability Clause.

     In case any provision in this Indenture or in the Securities shall be
invalid, illegal or unenforceable, the validity, legality and enforceability of
the remaining provisions shall not in any way be affected or impaired thereby.

SECTION 111. Benefits of Indenture.

     Nothing in this Indenture or in the Securities, express or implied, shall
give to any Person, other than the parties hereto and their successors
hereunder, the holders of Senior Debt and the Holders of Securities, any benefit
or any legal or equitable right, remedy or claim under this Indenture.

SECTION 112. Governing Law.

     This Indenture and the Securities shall be governed by and construed in
accordance with the law of the State of New York.

SECTION 113. Legal Holidays.

     In any case where any Interest Payment Date, Redemption Date or Stated
Maturity of any Security shall not be a Business Day at any Place of Payment,
then (notwithstanding any other provision of this Indenture or of the Securities
(other than a provision of any Security which specifically states that such
provision shall apply in lieu of this Section)) payment of interest or principal
(and premium, if any) need not be made at such Place of Payment on such date,
but may be made on the next succeeding Business Day


                                       9

<PAGE>

at such Place of Payment with the same force and effect as if made on the
Interest Payment Date or Redemption Date, or at the Stated Maturity.

SECTION 114. Language of Notices, Etc.

     Any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent or waiver
required or permitted under this Indenture shall be in the English language,
except that any published notice may be in an official language of the country
of publication.

SECTION 115. Submission to Jurisdiction

     The Company irrevocably submits to the non-exclusive jurisdiction of any
federal or state court in the City, County and State of New York, United States,
and any appellate court from any thereof, in any legal suit, action or
proceeding based on or arising under the Securities or this Indenture and agrees
that all claims in respect of such suit or proceeding may be determined in any
such court. The Company irrevocably waives to the fullest extent permitted by
law, any objection to any such suit, including actions, suits or proceedings
relating to the securities laws of the United States of America or any state
thereof, in such courts whether on the grounds of venue, residence or domicile
or the defense of an inconvenient forum or objections to personal jurisdiction
with respect to the maintenance of such legal suit, action or proceeding. The
Company agrees that the final judgment in any such suit, action or proceeding
brought in such court shall be conclusive and binding upon the Company and may
be enforced in any court to the jurisdiction of which the Company is subject by
a suit upon such judgment.

SECTION 116. Waiver of Jury Trial.

     Each of the company and the trustee irrevocably waives, to the fullest
extent that it may effectively do so under applicable law, trial by jury.

                                   ARTICLE II

                                 SECURITY FORMS

SECTION 201. Forms Generally.

     The Securities of each series shall be in substantially the forms set forth
in Exhibits A and A1 or in such other form (including temporary or permanent
global form) as shall be established by or pursuant to a Board Resolution or in
one or more indentures supplemental hereto, in each case with such appropriate
insertions, omissions, substitutions and other variations as are required or
permitted by this Indenture, and may have such letters, numbers or other marks
of identification and such legends or endorsements placed thereon as may be
required to comply with the rules of any securities exchange or Depositary
therefor or as may, consistently herewith, be determined by the officers
executing such Securities as evidenced by their execution thereof. If the form
of Securities of any series is established by action taken pursuant to a Board
Resolution, a copy of an appropriate record of such action shall be certified by
the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Company and delivered to the
Trustee at or prior to the delivery of the Company Order contemplated by Section
303 for the authentication and delivery of such Securities (or any such
temporary global Security).

     The definitive Securities shall be printed, lithographed or engraved on
steel engraved borders or may be produced in any other manner, all as determined
by the officers executing such Securities, as evidenced by their execution of
such Securities.

SECTION 202. Form of Legend for Global Securities.

     Unless otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 301 for the
Securities evidenced thereby, every Global Security authenticated and delivered
hereunder shall bear a legend in substantially the following form:


                                       10

<PAGE>

THIS SECURITY IS A GLOBAL SECURITY WITHIN THE MEANING OF THE INDENTURE
HEREINAFTER REFERRED TO AND IS REGISTERED IN THE NAME OF A DEPOSITARY OR A
NOMINEE THEREOF. THIS SECURITY MAY NOT BE EXCHANGED IN WHOLE OR IN PART FOR A
SECURITY REGISTERED, AND NO TRANSFER OF THIS SECURITY IN WHOLE OR IN PART MAY BE
REGISTERED, IN THE NAME OF ANY PERSON OTHER THAN SUCH DEPOSITARY OR A NOMINEE
THEREOF, EXCEPT IN THE LIMITED CIRCUMSTANCES DESCRIBED IN THE INDENTURE.

SECTION 203. Form of Trustee's Certificate of Authentication.

     The Trustee's certificates of authentication shall be in substantially the
following form:

     This is one of the Securities of the series designated therein referred to
in the within mentioned Indenture.


                                        -------------------------------
                                        As Trustee


                                        By:
                                            ------------------------------------
                                            Authorized Signatory

                                        Dated:
                                               ---------------------------------

SECTION 204. Securities in Global Form.

     If Securities of or within a series are issuable in global form, as
specified as contemplated by Section 301, then, notwithstanding clause (10) of
Section 301 and the provisions of Section 302, any such Security shall represent
such of the Outstanding Securities of such series as shall be specified therein
and may provide that it shall represent the aggregate amount of Outstanding
Securities from time to time endorsed thereon and that the aggregate amount of
Outstanding Securities represented thereby may from time to time be reduced to
reflect exchanges. Any endorsement of a Security in global form to reflect the
amount, or any increase or decrease in the amount, of Outstanding Securities
represented thereby shall be made by the Trustee in such manner and upon
instructions given by such Person or Persons as shall be specified therein or in
the Company Order to be delivered to the Trustee pursuant to Section 303 or
Section 304. Subject to the provisions of Section 303 and, if applicable,
Section 304, the Trustee shall deliver and redeliver any Security in permanent
global form in the manner and upon instructions given by the Person or Persons
specified therein or in the applicable Company Order. If a Company Order
pursuant to Section 303 or Section 304 has been, or simultaneously is,
delivered, any instructions by the Company with respect to endorsement or
delivery or redelivery of a Security in global form shall be in writing but need
not comply with Section 102.

     The provisions of the last sentence of Section 303 shall apply to any
Security represented by a Security in global form if such Security was never
issued and sold by the Company and the Company delivers to the Trustee the
Security in global from together with written instructions (which need not
comply with Section 102) with regard to the reduction in the principal amount of
Securities represented thereby, together with the written statement contemplated
by the last sentence of Section 303.

     Notwithstanding the provisions of Section 201 and 307, unless otherwise
specified as contemplated by Section 301, payment of principal of and any
premium and interest on any Security in permanent global form shall be made to
the Person or Persons specified therein.


                                       11

<PAGE>

                                   ARTICLE III

                                 THE SECURITIES

SECTION 301. Amount Unlimited; Issuable In Series.

     The aggregate principal amount of Securities which may be authenticated and
delivered under this Indenture is unlimited.

     The Securities may be issued in one or more series. There shall be
established in or pursuant to a Board Resolution and, subject to Section 303,
set forth, or determined in the manner provided, in an Officers' Certificate, or
established in one or more indentures supplemental hereto, prior to the issuance
of Securities of any series,

          (1) the title of the Securities of the series, including CUSIP
     numbers, if applicable, (which shall distinguish the Securities of the
     series from Securities of any other series);

          (2) any limit upon the aggregate principal amount of the Securities of
     the series which may be authenticated and delivered under this Indenture
     (except for Securities authenticated and delivered upon registration of
     transfer of, or in exchange for, or in lieu of, other Securities of the
     series pursuant to Section 304, 305, 306, 906 or 1107 and except for any
     Securities which, pursuant to Section 303, are deemed never to have been
     authenticated and delivered hereunder);

          (3) whether any Securities of the series are to be issuable initially
     in temporary global form and whether any Securities of the series are to be
     issuable in permanent global form and, if so, whether beneficial owners of
     interests in any such permanent global Security may exchange such interests
     for Securities of such series and of like tenor of any authorized form and
     denomination and the circumstances under which any such exchanges may
     occur, if other than in the manner provided in Section 305;

          (4) the Person to whom any interest on any Security of the series
     shall be payable, if other than the Person in whose name that Security (or
     one or more Predecessor Securities) is registered at the close of business
     on the Regular Record Date for such interest, the extent to which, or the
     manner in which, any interest payable on a temporary global Security on an
     Interest Payment Date will be paid if other than in the manner provided in
     Section 304;

          (5) the date or dates on which the principal of the Securities of the
     series is payable;

          (6) the ability to issue additional Securities in the same series;

          (7) the price or prices at which the Company will sell the Securities;

          (8) the right, if any, to extend the interest payment periods and the
     duration of any such deferral period, including the maximum consecutive
     period during which interest payment periods may be extended;

          (9) provisions, if any, granting special rights to holders of the
     Securities upon the occurrence of specified events;

          (10) the terms, if any, upon which Holders may convert or exchange the
     Securities into or for the Company's common stock, preferred stock or other
     securities or property;

          (11) the specific subordination provisions applicable to the
     Securities, if other than as set forth in Article 14 herein;

          (12) the rate or rates at which the Securities of the series shall
     bear interest, if any, or the method by which such rate shall be
     determined, the date or dates from which any such interest


                                       12

<PAGE>

     shall accrue, the Interest Payment Dates on which any such interest shall
     be payable, the Regular Record Date for the interest payable on any
     Securities on any Interest Payment Date;

          (13) the place or places where, subject to the provisions of Section
     1002, the principal of and any premium, if any, and interest, if any, on
     Securities of the series shall be payable, where any Securities of the
     series may be surrendered for registration of transfer, where Securities of
     the series may be surrendered for exchange, where Securities of the series
     that are convertible or exchangeable may be surrendered for conversion or
     exchange, as applicable, and notices and demands to or upon the Company in
     respect of the Securities of the series and this Indenture may be served;

          (14) the period or periods within which, the price or prices at which
     and the terms and conditions upon which any Securities of the series may be
     redeemed, in whole or in part at the option of the Company and, if other
     than by a Board Resolution, the manner in which any election by the Company
     to redeem the Securities shall be evidenced;

          (15) the obligation, if any, of the Company to redeem or purchase any
     Securities of the series pursuant to any sinking fund or analogous
     provisions or at the option of the Holder thereof and the period or periods
     within which, the price or prices at which and the terms and conditions
     upon which any Securities of the series shall be redeemed or purchased, in
     whole or in part, pursuant to such obligation;

          (16) if other than denominations of $1,000 and any integral multiple
     thereof, the denominations in which any Securities of the series shall be
     issuable;

          (17) whether the amount of payments of principal (or premium, if any)
     or interest, if any, on the Securities of the series may be determined with
     reference to an index, formula or other method (which index, formula or
     method may be based, without limitation, on one or more currencies,
     commodities, equity indices or other indices), and the manner in which such
     amounts shall be determined;

          (18) the currency or currencies, including composite currencies, in
     which payment of the principal of and any premium and interest on any
     Securities of the series shall be payable if other than the currency of the
     United States of America and the manner of determining the equivalent
     thereof in the currency of the United States of America for purposes of the
     definition of "Outstanding" in Section 101;

          (19) if the principal of or any premium or interest on any Securities
     of the series is to be payable, at the election of the Company or the
     Holder thereof, in one or more currencies or currency units other than that
     or those in which such Securities are stated to be payable, the currency,
     currencies or currency units in which the principal of or any premium or
     interest on such Securities as to which such election is made shall be
     payable, the periods within which and the terms and conditions upon which
     such election is to be made and the amount so payable (or the manner in
     which such amount shall be determined);

          (20) if other than the entire principal amount thereof, the portion of
     the principal amount of any Securities of the series which shall be payable
     upon declaration of acceleration of the Maturity thereof pursuant to
     Section 502;

          (21) if the principal of and any premium or interest on the Securities
     of the series are to be payable, at the election of the Company or a Holder
     thereof, in a currency or currencies, including composite currencies, other
     than that or those in which the Securities are stated to be payable, the
     currency or currencies in which payment of the principal of and any premium
     and interest on Securities of such series as to which such election is made
     shall be payable, and the periods within which and the terms and conditions
     upon which such election is to be made;


                                       13

<PAGE>

          (22) if either or both of the provisions of Section 1302 or 1303 are
     applicable to the Securities of such series;

          (23) if the amount of principal and interest on the Securities of the
     series may be determined by reference to an index, the manner in which such
     amounts shall be determined;

          (24) if the principal amount payable at the Stated Maturity of any
     Securities of the series will not be determinable as of any one or more
     dates prior to the Stated Maturity, the amount which shall be deemed to be
     the principal amount of such Securities as of any such date for any purpose
     thereunder or hereunder, including the principal amount thereof which shall
     be due and payable upon any Maturity other than the Stated Maturity or
     which shall be deemed to be Outstanding as of any date prior to the Stated
     Maturity (or, in any such case, the manner in which such amount deemed, to
     be the principal amount shall be determined);

          (25) if applicable, that the Securities of the series, in whole or any
     specified part, shall be defeasible pursuant to Section 1302 or Section
     1303 or both such Sections and, if other than by a Board Resolution, the
     manner in which any election by the Company to defease such Securities
     shall be evidenced;

          (26) if applicable, that any Securities of the series shall be
     issuable in whole or in part in the form of one or more Global Securities
     and, in such case, the respective Depositaries for such Global Securities,
     the form of any legend or legends which shall be borne by any such Global
     Security in addition to or in lieu of that set forth in Section 202 and any
     circumstances in addition to or in lieu of those set forth, in the seventh
     paragraph of Section 305 in which any such Global Security may be exchanged
     in whole or in part for Securities registered, and any transfer of such
     Global Security in whole or in part may be registered in the name or name
     of Persons other than the Depositary for such Global Security or a nominee
     thereof;

          (27) any addition to or change in the Events of Default which applies
     to any Securities of the series and any change in the right of the Trustee
     or the requisite Holders of such Securities to declare the principal amount
     thereof due and payable pursuant to Section 502;

          (28) any addition to or change in the covenants set forth in Article
     Ten which applies to Securities of the series;

          (29) any other terms of the series (which terms shall not be
     inconsistent with the provisions of this Indenture, except as permitted by
     Section 901(5)); and

          (30) whether, under what circumstances and the Currency in which the
     Company will pay Additional Amounts as contemplated by Section 1009 on the
     Securities of the series to any Holder who is not a United States Person(s)
     (including any modification to the definition of such term) in respect of
     any tax, assessment or governmental charge and, if so, whether the Company
     will have the option to redeem such Securities rather than pay such
     Additional Amounts (and the terms of any such option).

     All Securities of such series shall be substantially identical except as to
denomination and except as may otherwise be provided in or pursuant to the Board
Resolution referred to above and (subject to Section 303) set forth, or
determined in the manner provided, in the Officers' Certificate referred to
above or in any such indenture supplemental hereto.

     If any of the terms of the series are established by action taken pursuant
to a Board Resolution, a copy of an appropriate record of such action shall be
certified by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Company and
delivered to the Trustee at or prior to the delivery of the Officers'
Certificate setting forth the terms of the series.

     The Securities shall be subordinated in right of payment to Senior Debt as
provided in Article Fourteen.


                                       14

<PAGE>

SECTION 302. Denominations.

     Unless otherwise provided as contemplated by Section 301 with respect to
the Securities of any series, any Securities of such series, other than
Securities issued in global form (which may be of any denomination), shall be
issuable in denominations of $1,000 and any integral multiple thereof.

SECTION 303. Execution, Authentication, Delivery and Dating.

     The Securities shall be executed on behalf of the Company by its Chairman
of the Board, its Vice Chairman of the Board, its President or one of its Vice
Presidents. The signature of any of these officers on the Securities may be
manual or facsimile.

     Securities bearing the manual or facsimile signatures of individuals who
were at any time the proper officers of the Company shall bind the Company,
notwithstanding that such individuals or any of them have ceased to hold such
offices prior to the authentication and delivery of such Securities or did not
hold such offices at the date of such Securities.

     At any time and from time to time after the execution and delivery of this
Indenture, the Company may deliver Securities of any series executed by the
Company to the Trustee for authentication, together with a Company Order for the
authentication and delivery of such Securities, and the Trustee in accordance
with the Company Order shall authenticate and deliver such Securities. If the
forms or terms of the Securities of the series have been established by or
pursuant to one or more Board Resolutions as permitted by Sections 201 and 301,
in authenticating such Securities, and accepting the additional responsibilities
under this Indenture in relation to such Securities, the Trustee shall be
entitled to receive, and (subject to Section 601) shall be fully protected in
relying upon, an Opinion of Counsel stating,

          (1) if the forms of such Securities have been established by or
     pursuant to Board Resolution as permitted by Section 201, that such forms
     have been established in conformity with the provisions of this Indenture;

          (2) if the terms of such Securities have been established by or
     pursuant to Board Resolution as permitted by Section 301, that such terms
     have been established in conformity with the provisions of this Indenture;
     and

          (3) that such Securities, when authenticated and delivered by the
     Trustee and issued by the Company in the manner and subject to any
     conditions specified in such Opinion of Counsel, will constitute valid and
     legally binding obligations of the Company enforceable in accordance with
     their terms, subject to bankruptcy, insolvency, fraudulent transfer,
     reorganization, moratorium and similar laws of general applicability
     relating to or affecting creditors' rights and to general equity
     principles.

     If such form or terms have been so established, the Trustee shall not be
required to authenticate such Securities if the issue of such Securities
pursuant to this Indenture will affect the Trustee's own rights, duties or
immunities under the Securities and this Indenture or otherwise in a manner that
is not reasonably acceptable to the Trustee.

     Notwithstanding the provisions of Section 301 and of the two preceding
paragraphs, if all Securities of a series are not to be originally issued at one
time, it shall not be necessary to deliver the Officer's Certificate otherwise
required pursuant to Section 301 or the Company Order and Opinion of Counsel
otherwise required pursuant to such preceding paragraphs at or prior to the
authentication of each Security of such series if such documents are delivered
at or prior to the authentication upon original issuance of the first Security
of such series to be issued.

     Each Security shall be dated the date of its authentication.

     No Security shall be entitled to any benefit under this Indenture or be
valid or obligatory for any purpose unless there appears on such Security a
certificate of authentication substantially in the form


                                       15

<PAGE>

provided for herein executed by the Trustee by manual signature, and such
certificate upon any Security shall be conclusive evidence, and the only
evidence, that such Security has been duly authenticated and delivered
hereunder. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if any Security shall have been
authenticated and delivered hereunder but never issued and sold by the Company,
and the Company shall deliver such Security to the Trustee for cancellation as
provided in Section 309, for all purposes of this Indenture such Security shall
be deemed never to have been authenticated and delivered hereunder and shall
never be entitled to the benefits of this Indenture.

SECTION 304. Temporary Securities.

     Pending the preparation of definitive Securities of any series, the Company
may execute, and upon Company Order the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver,
temporary Securities which are printed, lithographed, typewritten, mimeographed
or otherwise produced, in any authorized denomination, substantially of the
tenor of the definitive Securities in lieu of which they are issued and with
such appropriate insertions, omissions, substitutions and other variations as
the officers executing such Securities may determine, as evidenced by their
execution of such Securities.

     If temporary Securities of any series are issued, the Company will cause
definitive Securities of that series to be prepared without unreasonable delay.
After the preparation of definitive Securities of that series, the temporary
Securities of such series shall be exchangeable for definitive Securities of
such series upon surrender of the temporary Securities of such series at the
office or agency of the Company in a Place of Payment for that series, without
charge to the Holder. Upon surrender for cancellation of any one or more
temporary Securities of any series the Company shall execute and the Trustee
shall authenticate and deliver in exchange therefor one or more definitive
Securities of the same series, of any authorized denominations and like
aggregate principal amount and tenor.

     Until exchanged in full as hereinafter provided, the temporary Securities
of any series shall in all respects be entitled to the same benefits under this
Indenture as definitive Securities of the same series and of like tenor
authenticated and delivered hereunder.

     The Trustee shall have no obligation or duty to monitor, determine or
inquire as to compliance with any restrictions on transfer imposed under this
Indenture or under applicable law with respect to any transfer of any interest
in any Security (including any transfers between or among depositary
participants or beneficial owners of interests in any certificated Security or
global Security) other than to require delivery of such certificates and other
documentation or evidence as are expressly required by, and to do so if and when
expressly required by the terms of, this Indenture, and to examine the same to
determine substantial compliance as to form with the express requirements
hereof. Neither the Trustee nor any agent shall have any responsibility for any
actions taken or not taken by the depositary.

SECTION 305. Registration, Registration of Transfer and Exchange.

     The Company shall cause to be kept at an office or agency to be maintained
by the Company in accordance with Section 1002 a register (being the combined
register of the Security Registrar and all transfer agents designated pursuant
to Section 1002 for the purpose of registration of transfer of Securities and
sometimes collectively referred to as the "Security Register") in which, subject
to such reasonable regulations as it may prescribe, the Company shall provide
for the registration of Securities and the registration of transfers of
Securities. The Trustee is hereby appointed "Security Registrar" for the purpose
of registering Securities and transfers of Securities as herein provided.

     Upon surrender for registration of transfer of any Security of a series at
the office or agency of the Company maintained pursuant to Section 1002 for such
purpose in a Place of Payment for that series, the Company shall execute, and
the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, in the name of the designated
transferee or transferees, one or more new Securities of the same series, of any
authorized denominations and of like tenor and aggregate principal amount.

     At the option of the Holder, Securities of any series may be exchanged for
other Securities of the same series, of any authorized denominations and of like
tenor and aggregate principal amount, upon


                                       16

<PAGE>

surrender of the Securities to be exchanged at such office or agency. Whenever
any Securities are so surrendered for exchange, the Company shall execute, and
the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, the Securities that the Holder
making the exchange is entitled to receive.

     All Securities issued upon any registration of transfer or exchange of
Securities shall be the valid obligations of the Company, evidencing the same
debt, and entitled to the same benefits under this Indenture, as the Securities
surrendered upon such registration of transfer or exchange.

     Every Security presented or surrendered for registration of transfer or for
exchange shall (if so required by the Company or the Trustee or any transfer
agent) be duly endorsed, or be accompanied by a written instrument of transfer
in form satisfactory to the Company and the Security Registrar or any transfer
agent duly executed, by the Holder thereof or his attorney duly authorized in
writing.

     No service charge shall be made for any registration of transfer or
exchange of Securities, but the Company may require payment of a sum sufficient
to cover any tax or other governmental charge that may be imposed in connection
with any registration of transfer or exchange of Securities, other than
exchanges pursuant to Section 304, 906 or 1107 not involving any transfer.

     If the Securities of any series (or of any series and specified tenor) are
to be redeemed in part, the Company shall not be required (A) to issue, register
the transfer of or exchange any Securities of that series (or of that series and
specified tenor, as the case may be) during a period beginning at the opening of
business 15 days before any selection of Securities of that series to be
redeemed and ending at the close of business on the day of the mailing of the
relevant notice of redemption.

     The Trustee shall have no obligation or duty to monitor, determine or
inquire as to compliance with any restrictions on transfer imposed under this
Indenture or under applicable law with respect to any transfer of any interest
in any Security (including any transfers between or among depositary
participants or beneficial owners of interests in any certificated Security or
global Security) other than to require delivery of such certificates and other
documentation or evidence as are expressly required by, and to do so if and when
expressly required by the terms of, this Indenture, and to examine the same to
determine substantial compliance as to form with the express requirements
hereof. Neither the Trustee nor any agent shall have any responsibility for any
actions taken or not taken by the depositary.

SECTION 306. Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost and Stolen Securities.

     If any mutilated Security is surrendered to the Trustee, the Company shall
execute and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver in exchange therefor a
new Security of the same series and of like tenor and principal amount and
bearing a number not contemporaneously outstanding.

     If there shall be delivered to the Company and the Trustee (i) evidence to
their satisfaction of the destruction, loss or theft of any Security and (ii)
such security or indemnity as may be required by them to save each of them and
any agent of either of them harmless, then, in the absence of notice to the
Company or the Trustee that such Security has been acquired by a bona fide
purchaser, the Company shall execute and the Trustee shall authenticate and
deliver, in lieu of any such destroyed, lost or stolen Security, a new Security
of the same series and of like tenor and principal amount and bearing a number
not contemporaneously outstanding.

     Notwithstanding the provisions of the previous two paragraphs, in case any
such mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Security has become or is about to
become due and payable, the Company in its discretion may, instead of issuing a
new Security, pay such Security.

     Upon the issuance of any new Security under this Section, the Company may
require the payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental
charge that may be imposed in relation thereto and any other expenses (including
the fees and expenses of the Trustee) connected therewith.

     Every new Security of any series issued pursuant to this Section in lieu of
any destroyed, lost or stolen Security shall constitute an original additional
contractual obligation of the Company, whether or not


                                       17

<PAGE>

the destroyed, lost or stolen Security shall be at any time enforceable by
anyone, and shall be entitled to all the benefits of this Indenture equally and
proportionately with any and all other Securities of that series duly issued
hereunder.

     The provisions of this Section are exclusive and shall preclude (to the
extent lawful) all other rights and remedies with respect to the replacement or
payment of mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Securities.

SECTION 307. Payment of Interest; Interest Rights Preserved.

     Except as otherwise provided as contemplated by Section 301 with respect to
any series of Securities, interest on any Security which is payable, and is
punctually paid or duly provided for, on any Interest Payment Date shall be paid
to the Person in whose name that Security (or one or more Predecessor
Securities) is registered at the close of business on the Regular Record Date
for such interest.

     Any interest on any Security of any series which is payable, but is not
punctually paid or duly provided for, on any Interest Payment Date (herein
called "Defaulted Interest") shall forthwith cease to be payable to the Holder
on the relevant Regular Record Date by virtue of having been such Holder, and
such Defaulted Interest may be paid by the Company, at its election in each
case, as provided in Clause (1) or (2) below:

          (1) The Company may elect to make payment of any Defaulted Interest to
     the Persons in whose names the Securities of such series (or their
     respective Predecessor Securities) are registered at the close of business
     on a Special Record Date for the payment of such Defaulted Interest, which
     shall be fixed in the following manner. The Company shall notify the
     Trustee in writing of the amount of Defaulted Interest proposed to be paid
     on each Security of such series and the date of the proposed payment, and
     at the same time the Company shall deposit with the Trustee an amount of
     money equal to the aggregate amount proposed to be paid in respect of such
     Defaulted Interest or shall make arrangements satisfactory to the Trustee
     for such deposit prior to the date of the proposed payment, such money when
     deposited to be held in trust for the benefit of the Persons entitled to
     such Defaulted Interest as in this Clause provided. Thereupon the Trustee
     shall fix a Special Record Date for the payment of such Defaulted Interest
     which shall be not more than 15 days and not less than 10 days prior to the
     date of the proposed payment and not less than 10 days after the receipt by
     the Trustee of the notice of the proposed payment. The Trustee shall
     promptly notify the Company of such Special Record Date and, in the name
     and at the expense of the Company, shall cause notice of the proposed
     payment of such Defaulted Interest and the Special Record Date therefor to
     be given to each Holder of Securities of such series in the manner set
     forth in Section 106, not less than 10 days prior to such Special Record
     Date. Notice of the proposed payment of such Defaulted Interest and the
     Special Record Date therefor having been so mailed, such Defaulted Interest
     shall be paid to the Persons in whose names the Securities of such series
     (or their respective Predecessor Securities) are registered at the close of
     business on such Special Record Date and shall no longer be payable
     pursuant to the following Clause (2).

          (2) The Company may make payment of any Defaulted Interest on the
     Securities of any series in any other lawful manner not inconsistent with
     the requirements of any securities exchange on which such Securities may be
     listed, and upon such notice as may be required by such exchange, if, after
     notice given by the Company to the Trustee of the proposed payment pursuant
     to this Clause, such manner of payment shall be deemed practicable by the
     Trustee.

     Subject to the foregoing provisions of this Section and Section 305, each
Security delivered under this Indenture upon registration of transfer of or in
exchange for or in lieu of any other Security shall carry the rights to interest
accrued and unpaid, and to accrue, which were carried by such other Security.

SECTION 308. Persons Deemed Owners.

     Prior to due presentment of a Security for registration of transfer, the
Company, the Trustee and any agent of the Company or the Trustee may treat the
Person in whose name such Security is registered as


                                       18

<PAGE>

the owner of such Security for the purpose of receiving payment of principal of
and any premium and (subject to Section 305 and Section 307) any interest on
such Security and for all other purposes whatsoever, whether or not such
Security be overdue, and neither the Company, the Trustee nor any agent of the
Company or the Trustee shall be affected by notice to the contrary.

SECTION 309. Cancellation.

     All Securities surrendered for payment, redemption, registration of
transfer or exchange or for credit against any sinking fund payment shall, if
surrendered to any Person other than the Trustee, be delivered to the Trustee
and shall be promptly cancelled by it. The Company may at any time deliver to
the Trustee for cancellation any Securities previously authenticated and
delivered hereunder which the Company may have acquired in any manner
whatsoever, and may deliver to the Trustee (or to any other Person for delivery
to the Trustee) for cancellation any Securities previously authenticated
hereunder which the Company has not issued and sold, and all Securities so
delivered shall be promptly cancelled by the Trustee. No Securities shall be
authenticated in lieu of or in exchange for any Securities cancelled as provided
in this Section, except as expressly permitted by this Indenture. All cancelled
Securities held by the Trustee shall be disposed of as directed by a Company
Order or in the Trustee's customary manner, which manner shall be communicated
in writing to the Company.

SECTION 310. Computation of Interest.

     Except as otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 301 for Securities
of any series, interest on the Securities of each series shall be computed on
the basis of a 360-day year of twelve 30-day months.

SECTION 311. CUSIP Numbers

     The Company in issuing the Securities may use "CUSIP" numbers (if then
generally in use), and, if so, the Trustee shall use such "CUSIP" numbers in
notices of redemption as a convenience to Holders; provided that any such notice
may state that no representation is made as to the correctness of such numbers
either as printed on the Securities or as contained in any notice of a
redemption and that reliance may be placed only on the other identification
numbers printed on the Securities, and any such redemption shall not be affected
by any defect in or omission of such numbers. The Company will notify the
Trustee of any change "CUSIP" numbers.

                                   ARTICLE IV

                           SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE

SECTION 401. Satisfaction and Discharge of Indenture.

     This Indenture shall upon Company Request cease to be of further effect
(except as to any surviving rights of registration of transfer or exchange of
Securities herein expressly provided for, and any right to receive additional
amounts, as provided in Section 1009), and the Trustee, at the expense of the
Company, shall execute proper instruments acknowledging satisfaction and
discharge of this Indenture, when

          (1) either

               (A) all Securities theretofore authenticated and delivered (other
          than Securities which have been destroyed, lost or stolen and which
          have been replaced or paid as provided in Section 306 and Securities
          for whose payment money has theretofore been deposited in trust or
          segregated and held in trust by the Company and thereafter repaid to
          the Company or discharged from such trust, as provided in Section
          1003) have been delivered to the Trustee for cancellation; or


                                       19

<PAGE>

               (B) all such Securities not theretofore delivered to the Trustee
          for cancellation:

                         (i) have become due and payable, or

                         (ii) will become due and payable at their Stated
               Maturity within one year, or

                         (iii) are to be called for redemption within one year
               under arrangements satisfactory to the Trustee for the giving of
               notice of redemption by the Trustee in the name, and at the
               expense, of the Company,

          and the Company, in the case of (i), (ii) or (iii) above, has
          deposited or caused to be deposited with the Trustee as trust funds in
          trust money for the purpose and in an amount sufficient to pay and
          discharge the entire indebtedness on such Securities not theretofore
          delivered to the Trustee for cancellation, for principal and any
          premium and interest to the date of such deposit (in the case of
          Securities which have become due and payable) or to the Stated
          Maturity or Redemption Date, as the case may be;

               (2) the Company has paid or caused to be paid all other sums
          payable hereunder by the Company; and

               (3) the Company has delivered to the Trustee an Officers'
          Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all
          conditions precedent herein provided for relating to the satisfaction
          and discharge of this Indenture have been complied with.

     Notwithstanding the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture, the
obligations of the Company to the Trustee under Section 606, the obligations of
the Trustee to any Authenticating Agent under Section 613 and, if money shall
have been deposited with the Trustee pursuant to subclause (B) of Clause (1) of
this Section, the obligations of the Trustee under Section 402 and the last
paragraph of Section 1003 shall survive such satisfaction and discharge.

SECTION 402. Application of Trust Money.

     Subject to the provisions of the last paragraph of Section 1003, all money
deposited with the Trustee pursuant to Section 401 shall be held in trust and
applied by it, in accordance with the provisions of the Securities and this
Indenture, to the payment, either directly or through any Paying Agent
(including the Company acting as its own Paying Agent) as the Trustee may
determine, to the Persons entitled thereto, of the principal and any premium and
interest for whose payment such money has been deposited with the Trustee.

                                    ARTICLE V

                                    REMEDIES

SECTION 501. Events of Default.

     "Event of Default," wherever used herein with respect to Securities of any
series, means any one of the following events (whatever the reason for such
Event of Default and whether it shall be occasioned by the provisions of Article
Fourteen or be voluntary or involuntary or be effected by operation of law or
pursuant to any judgment, decree or order of any court or any order, rule or
regulation of any administrative or governmental body):

          (1) default in the payment of any interest upon any Security of that
     series when it becomes due and payable, and continuance of such default for
     a period of 30 days; or,

          (2) default in the payment of the principal of or any premium on any
     Security of that series at its Maturity and (if so established as
     contemplated by Section 301 in respect of that


                                       20

<PAGE>

     series), in the case of technical or administrative difficulties only if
     such default persists for a period of five days; or

          (3) default in the deposit of any sinking fund payment, when and as
     due by the terms of a Security of that series; or

          (4) default in the performance, or breach, of any covenant or warranty
     of the Company in this Indenture (other than a covenant or warranty a
     default in whose performance or whose breach is elsewhere in this Section
     specifically dealt with or which has expressly been included in this
     Indenture solely for the benefit of series of Securities other than that
     series), and continuance of such default or breach for a period of 90 days
     after there has been given, by registered or certified mail, to the Company
     by the Trustee or to the Company and the Trustee by the Holders of at least
     10% in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of that series a
     written notice specifying such default or breach and requiring it to be
     remedied and stating that such notice is a "Notice of Default" hereunder or

          (5) the entry by a court having jurisdiction in the premises of (A) a
     decree or order for relief in respect of the Company in an involuntary case
     or proceeding under any applicable Federal or State bankruptcy, insolvency,
     reorganization or other similar law or (B) a decree or order adjudging the
     Company bankrupt or insolvent, or approving as properly filed a petition
     seeking reorganization, arrangement, adjustment or composition of or in
     respect of the Company under any applicable Federal or State law, or
     appointing a custodian, receiver, liquidator, assignee, trustee,
     sequestrator or other similar official of the Company or of any substantial
     part of its property, or ordering the winding up or liquidation of its
     affairs, and the continuance of any such decree or order for relief or any
     such other decree or order unstayed and in effect for a period of 90
     consecutive days; or

          (6) the commencement by the Company of a voluntary case or proceeding
     under any applicable Federal or State bankruptcy, insolvency,
     reorganization or other similar law, of the consent by the Company to the
     entry of a decree or order for relief in respect of the Company in an
     involuntary case or proceeding under any applicable Federal or State
     bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or other similar law or to the
     commencement of any bankruptcy or insolvency case or proceeding against it,
     or the filing by it of a petition or answer or consent seeking
     reorganization or relief under any applicable Federal or State law, or the
     consent by it to the filing of such petition or to the appointment of or
     taking possession by a custodian, receiver, liquidator, assignee, trustee,
     sequestrator or other similar official of the Company or of any substantial
     part of its property, or the making by it of an assignment for the benefit
     of creditors, or the admission by it in writing of its inability to pay its
     debts generally as they become due, or the taking of corporate action by
     the Company in furtherance of any such action; or

          (7) any other Event of Default provided with respect to Securities of
     that series.

SECTION 502. Acceleration of Maturity; Rescission and Annulment.

     If an Event of Default (other than an Event of Default specified in Section
501(5),or 501(6)) with respect to Securities of any series at the time
Outstanding occurs and is continuing, then in every such case the Trustee or the
Holders of not less than 25% in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities
of that series may declare the principal amount of all the Securities of that
series (or, if any Securities of that series are Original Issue Discount
Securities, such portion of the principal amount of such Securities as may be
specified by the terms thereof) to be due and payable immediately, by a notice
in writing to the Company (and to the Trustee if given by Holders), and upon any
such declaration such principal amount (or specified amount) shall become
immediately due and payable. If an Event of Default specified in Section 501(5)
or 501(6) with respect to Securities of any series at the time Outstanding
occurs, the principal amount of all the Securities of that series (or, if any
Securities of that series are Original Issue Discount Securities, such portion
of the principal amount of such Securities as may be specified by the terms
thereof) shall automatically, and without any declaration or other action on the
part of the Trustee or any Holder, become immediately due and payable.


                                       21

<PAGE>

     At any time after such a declaration of acceleration with respect to
Securities of any series has been made and before a judgment or decree for
payment of the money due has been obtained by the Trustee as hereinafter in this
Article provided, the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the
Outstanding Securities of that series, by written notice to the Company and the
Trustee, may rescind and annul such declaration and its consequences if

          (1) the Company has paid or deposited with the Trustee a sum
     sufficient to pay

               (A) all overdue interest on all Securities of that series,

               (B) the principal of (and premium, if any, on) any Securities of
          that series which have become due otherwise than by such declaration
          of acceleration and any interest thereon at the rate or rates
          prescribed therefor in such Securities,

               (C) to the extent that payment of such interest is lawful,
          interest upon overdue interest at the rate or rates prescribed
          therefor in such Securities, and

               (D) all sums paid or advanced by the Trustee hereunder and the
          reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the
          Trustee, its agents and counsel;

          and

          (2) all Events of Default with respect to Securities of that series,
     other than the non-payment of the principal of Securities of that series
     which have become due solely by such declaration of acceleration, have been
     cured or waived as provided in Section 513.

No such rescission shall affect any subsequent default or impair any right
consequent thereon.

SECTION 503. Collection of Indebtedness and Suits for Enforcement by Trustee.

     The Company covenants that if

          (1) default is made in the payment of any interest on any Security
     when such interest becomes due and payable and such default continues for a
     period of 30 days, or

          (2) default is made in the payment of the principal of (or premium, if
     any, on) any Security at the Maturity thereof,

the Company will, upon demand of the Trustee, pay to it, for the benefit of the
Holders of such Securities, the whole amount then due and payable on such
Securities for principal and any premium and interest and, to the extent that
payment of such interest shall be legally enforceable, interest on any overdue
principal and premium and on any overdue interest, at the rate or rates
prescribed therefor in such Securities, and, in addition thereto, such further
amount as shall be sufficient to cover the costs and expenses of collection,
including the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances, of
the Trustee, its agents and counsel.

     If the Company fails to pay such amounts forthwith upon such demand, the
Trustee, in its own name and as trustee of an express trust, may institute a
judicial proceeding for the collection of the sums so due and unpaid, may
prosecute such proceeding to judgment or final decree and may enforce the same
against the Company or any other obligor upon such Securities and collect the
moneys adjudged or decreed to be payable in the manner provided by law out of
the property of the Company or any other obligor upon such Securities, wherever
situated.

     If an Event of Default with respect to Securities of any series occurs and
is continuing, the Trustee may in its discretion proceed to protect and enforce
its rights and the rights of the Holders of Securities of


                                       22

<PAGE>

such series by such appropriate judicial proceedings as the Trustee shall deem
reasonably necessary to protect and enforce any such rights, whether for the
specific enforcement of any covenant or agreement in this Indenture or in aid of
the exercise of any power granted herein, or to enforce any other proper remedy.

SECTION 504. Trustee May File Proofs of Claim.

     In case of any judicial proceeding relative to the Company (or any other
obligor upon the Securities), its property or its creditors, the Trustee shall
be entitled and empowered, by intervention in such proceeding or otherwise, to
take any and all actions authorized under the Trust Indenture Act in order to
have claims of the Holders and the Trustee allowed in any such proceeding. In
particular, the Trustee shall be authorized to collect and receive any moneys or
other property payable or deliverable on any such claims and to distribute the
same; and any custodian, receiver, assignee, trustee, liquidator, sequestrator
or other similar official in any such judicial proceeding is hereby authorized
by each Holder to make such payments to the Trustee and, in the event that the
Trustee shall consent to the making of such payments directly to the Holders, to
pay to the Trustee any amount due it for the reasonable compensation, expenses,
disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel, and any other
amounts due the Trustee under Section 606.

     No provision of this Indenture shall be deemed to authorize the Trustee to
authorize or consent to or accept or adopt on behalf of any Holder any plan of
reorganization, arrangement, adjustment or composition affecting the Securities
or the rights of any Holder thereof or to authorize the Trustee to vote in
respect of the claim of any Holder in any such proceeding; provided, however,
that the Trustee may, on behalf of the Holders, vote for the election of a
trustee in bankruptcy or similar official and be a member of a creditors' or
other similar committee.

SECTION 505. Trustee May Enforce Claims Without Possession of Securities.

     All rights of action and claims under this Indenture or the Securities may
be prosecuted and enforced by the Trustee without the possession of any of the
Securities or the production thereof in any proceeding relating thereto, and any
such proceeding instituted by the Trustee shall be brought in its own name as
trustee of an express trust, and any recovery of judgment shall, after provision
for the payment of the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and
advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel, be for the ratable benefit of
the Holders of the Securities in respect of which such judgment has been
recovered.

SECTION 506. Application of Money Collected.

     Any money collected by the Trustee pursuant to this Article shall be
applied in the following order, at the date or dates fixed by the Trustee and,
in case of the distribution of such money on account of principal or any premium
or interest, upon presentation of the Securities and the notation thereon of the
payment if only partially paid and upon surrender thereof if fully paid:

     FIRST: To the payment of all amounts due the Trustee under Section 606;

     SECOND: Subject to Article Fourteen, to the payment of the amounts then due
     and unpaid for principal of and any premium and interest on the Securities
     in respect of which or for the benefit of which such money has been
     collected, ratably, without preference or priority of any kind, according
     to the amounts due and payable on such Securities for principal and any
     premium and interest, respectively; and

     THIRD: To the Company.

SECTION 507. Limitation on Suits.

     No Holder of any Security of any series shall have any right to institute
any proceeding, judicial or otherwise, with respect to this Indenture, or for
the appointment of a receiver or trustee, or for any other remedy hereunder,
unless


                                       23

<PAGE>

          (1) such Holder has previously given written notice to the Trustee of
     a continuing Event of Default with respect to the Securities of that
     series;

          (2) the Holders of not less than 25% in principal amount of the
     Outstanding Securities of that series shall have made written request to
     the Trustee to institute proceedings in respect of such Event of Default in
     its own name as Trustee hereunder;

          (3) such Holder or Holders have offered to the Trustee reasonable
     indemnity satisfactory to it against the costs, expenses and liabilities to
     be incurred in compliance with such request;

          (4) the Trustee for 60 days after its receipt of such notice, request
     and offer of indemnity has failed to institute any such proceeding; and

          (5) no direction inconsistent with such written request has been given
     to the Trustee during such 60-day period by the Holders of a majority in
     principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of that series;

it being understood and intended that no one or more of such Holders shall have
any right in any manner whatever by virtue of, or by availing of, any provision
of this Indenture to affect, disturb or prejudice the rights of any other of
such Holders, or to obtain or to seek to obtain priority or preference over any
other of such Holders or to enforce any right under this Indenture, except in
the manner herein provided and for the equal and ratable benefit of all of such
Holders.

SECTION 508. Unconditional Right of Holders to Receive Principal, Premium and
Interest.

     Notwithstanding any other provision in this Indenture, the Holder of any
Security shall have the right, which is absolute and unconditional, to receive
payment of the principal of and any premium and (subject to Sections 305 and
307) interest on such Security on the respective Stated Maturities expressed in
such Security (or, in the case of redemption, on the Redemption Date) and to
institute suit for the enforcement of any such payment, and such rights shall
not be impaired without the consent of such Holder.

SECTION 509. Restoration of Rights and Remedies.

     If the Trustee or any Holder has instituted any proceeding to enforce any
right or remedy under this Indenture and such proceeding has been discontinued
or abandoned for any reason, or has been determined adversely to the Trustee or
to such Holder; then and in every such case, subject to any determination in
such proceeding, the Company, the Trustee and the Holders shall be restored
severally and respectively to their former positions hereunder and thereafter
all rights and remedies of the Trustee and the Holders shall continue as though
no such proceeding had been instituted.

SECTION 510. Rights and Remedies Cumulative.

     Except as otherwise provided with respect to the replacement or payment of
mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Securities in the last paragraph of Section
306, no right or remedy herein conferred upon or reserved to the Trustee or to
the Holders is intended to be exclusive of any other right or remedy, and every
right and remedy shall, to the extent permitted by law, be cumulative and in
addition to every other right and remedy given hereunder or now or hereafter
existing at law or in equity or otherwise. The assertion or employment of any
right or remedy hereunder, or otherwise, shall not prevent the concurrent
assertion or employment of any other appropriate right or remedy.

SECTION 511. Delay or Omission Not Waiver.

     No delay or omission of the Trustee or of any Holder of any Securities to
exercise any right or remedy accruing upon any Event of Default shall impair any
such right or remedy or constitute a waiver of any such Event of Default or an
acquiescence therein. Every right and remedy given by this Article or by


                                       24

<PAGE>

law to the Trustee or to the Holders may be exercised from time to time, and as
often as may be deemed expedient, by the Trustee or by the Holders, as the case
may be.

SECTION 512. Control by Holders.

     The Holders of a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities
of any series shall have the right to direct the time, method and place of
conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the Trustee, or exercising
any trust or power conferred on the Trustee, with respect to the Securities of
such series, provided that the Trustee may refuse to follow any decision that
conflicts with any rule of law or with this Indenture, or that may result in the
incurrence of liability by the Trustee, and the Trustee may take any other
action deemed proper by the Trustee which is not inconsistent with such
direction.

SECTION 513. Waiver of Past Defaults.

     The Holders of not less than a majority in principal amount of the
Outstanding Securities of any series may on behalf of the Holders of all the
Securities of such series waive any past default hereunder with respect to such
series and its consequences, except a default

          (1) in the payment of the principal of or any premium or interest on
     any Security of such series, or

          (2) in respect of a covenant or provision hereof which under Article
     Nine cannot be modified or amended without the consent of the Holder of
     each Outstanding Security of such series affected.

     Upon any such waiver, such default shall cease to exist, and any Event of
Default arising therefrom shall be deemed to have been cured, for every purpose
of this Indenture but no such waiver shall extend to any subsequent or other
default or impair any right consequent thereon.

SECTION 514. Undertaking for Costs.

     In any suit for the enforcement of any right or remedy under this
Indenture, or in any suit against the Trustee for any action taken, suffered or
omitted by it as Trustee, a court may require any party litigant in such suit to
file an undertaking to pay the costs of such suit, and may assess costs
including reasonable attorneys' fees and expenses against any such party
litigant, in the manner and to the extent provided in the Trust Indenture Act;
provided this Section shall not apply to a suit by the Trustee, a suit by a
Holder pursuant to Section 516, or a suit by Holders of more than 10% in
aggregate principal amount of the then outstanding Securities.

SECTION 515. Waiver of Usury, Stay or Extension Laws.

     The Company covenants (to the extent that it may lawfully do so) that it
will not at any time insist upon, or plead, or in any manner whatsoever claim or
take the benefit or advantage of, any usury, stay or extension law wherever
enacted, now or at any time hereafter in force, which may affect the covenants
or the performance of this Indenture; and the Company (to the extent that it may
lawfully do so) hereby expressly waives all benefit or advantage of any such law
and covenants that it will not hinder, delay or impede the execution of any
power herein granted to the Trustee, but will suffer and permit the execution of
every such power as though no such law had been enacted.

SECTION 516. Rights of Holders of Securities to Receive Payment.

     Notwithstanding any other provision of this Indenture, the right of any
Holder of a Security to receive payment of principal of, or premium, if any,
interest or additional interest, if any, on the Security, on or after the
respective due dates thereon (including in connection with an offer to
repurchase), or to bring suit for the enforcement of any such payment on or
after such respective dates, shall not be impaired or affected without the
written consent of such Holder.


                                       25

<PAGE>

                                   ARTICLE VI

                                   THE TRUSTEE

SECTION 601. Duties of Trustee.

          (a) If an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, the Trustee
shall exercise such rights and powers vested in it by this Indenture, and use
the same degree of care and skill in its exercise thereof, as a prudent person
would exercise or use under the circumstances in the conduct of such person's
own affairs.

          (b) Except during the continuance of an Event of Default:

                    (i) the duties of the Trustee shall be determined solely by
          the express provisions of this Indenture and the TIA and the Trustee
          need perform only those duties that are specifically set forth in this
          Indenture and no others, and no implied covenants or obligations shall
          be read into this Indenture or the TIA against the Trustee; and

                    (ii) in the absence of bad faith on its part, the Trustee
          may conclusively rely, without investigation, as to the truth or the
          statements and the correctness of the opinions expressed therein, upon
          and statements, certificates or opinions furnished to the Trustee and
          conforming to the requirements of this Indenture but need not verify
          the contents thereof. However, in the case of any such certificates or
          opinions which by any provision hereof are specifically required to be
          furnished to the Trustee, the Trustee shall examine the certificates
          and opinions to determine whether or not they conform on their face to
          the requirements of this Indenture (but need not confirm or
          investigate the accuracy of mathematical calculations or other facts
          stated therein).

          (c) The Trustee may not be relieved from liabilities for its own
negligent action, its own negligent failure to act, or its own willful
misconduct, except that:

                    (i) this paragraph does not limit the effect of paragraph
          (b) of this Section;

                    (ii) the Trustee shall not be liable for any error of
          judgment made in good faith by a Responsible Officer, unless it is
          proved that the Trustee was negligent in ascertaining the pertinent
          facts; and

                    (iii) the Trustee shall not be liable with respect to any
          action it takes or omits to take in good faith in accordance with a
          direction received by it pursuant to Section 512 or 513.

          (d) Whether or not therein expressly so provided, every provision of
this Indenture that in any way relates to the Trustee is subject to this Section
602 and Section 603.

          (e) No provision of this Indenture shall require the Trustee to expend
or risk its own funds or otherwise incur any liability. The Trustee shall be
under no obligation to exercise any of its rights and powers under this
Indenture at the request of any Holders, pursuant to the provisions of this
Indenture, including, without limitation, Section 512, unless such Holders shall
have offered to the Trustee security and indemnity satisfactory to it against
any loss, liability or expense which might be incurred by it in compliance with
such request or direction.


                                       26

<PAGE>

          (f) The Trustee shall not be liable for interest on any money received
by it except as the Trustee may agree in writing with the Company. Money held in
trust by the Trustee need not be segregated from other funds except to the
extent required by law.

SECTION 602. Certain Rights of Trustee.

     Subject to the provisions of Section 601:

          (1) the Trustee may conclusively rely and shall be fully protected in
     acting or refraining from acting upon any resolution, certificate,
     statement, instrument, opinion, report, notice, request, direction,
     consent, order, bond, debenture, note, other evidence of indebtedness or
     other paper or document (whether in its original or facsimile form)
     believed by it to be genuine and to have been signed or presented by the
     proper party or parties;

          (2) any request or direction of the Company mentioned herein shall be
     sufficiently evidenced by a Company Request or Company Order, and any
     resolution of the Board of Directors shall be sufficiently evidenced by a
     Board Resolution;

          (3) whenever in the administration of this Indenture the Trustee shall
     deem it desirable that a matter be proved or established prior to taking,
     suffering or omitting any action hereunder, the Trustee (unless other
     evidence be herein specifically prescribed) may, in the absence of bad
     faith on its part, rely upon an Officers' Certificate;

          (4) the Trustee may consult with counsel of its own selection and the
     written advice of such counsel or any Opinion of Counsel shall be full and
     complete authorization and protection in respect of any action taken,
     suffered or omitted by it hereunder in good faith and in reliance thereon;

          (5) the Trustee shall be under no obligation to exercise any of the
     rights or powers vested in it by this Indenture at the request or direction
     of any of the Holders pursuant to this Indenture, unless such Holders shall
     have offered to the Trustee reasonable security or Indemnity satisfactory
     to it against the costs, expenses and liabilities which might be incurred
     by it in compliance with such request or direction;

          (6) the Trustee shall not be bound to make any investigation into the
     facts or matters stated in any resolution, certificate, statement,
     instrument, opinion, report, notice, request, direction, consent, order,
     bond, debenture, note, other evidence of indebtedness or other paper or
     document, but the Trustee, in its discretion, may make such further inquiry
     or investigation into such facts or matters as it may see fit, and, if the
     Trustee shall determine to make such further inquiry or investigation, it
     shall be entitled to examine the books, records and premises of the
     Company, personally or by agent or attorney;

          (7) the Trustee may execute any of the trusts or powers hereunder or
     perform any duties hereunder either directly or by or through agents or
     attorneys and the Trustee shall not be responsible for any misconduct or
     negligence on the part of any agent or attorney appointed with due care by
     it hereunder;

          (8) the Trustee shall not be liable for any action taken, suffered, or
     omitted to be taken by it in good faith and reasonably believed by it to be
     authorized or within the discretion or rights or powers conferred upon it
     by this Indenture;

          (9) the Trustee shall not be deemed to have notice of any Default or
     Event of default unless a Responsible Officer of the Trustee has actual
     knowledge thereof or unless written notice of any event which is in fact
     such a default is received by the Trustee at the Corporate Trust Office of
     the Trustee, and such notice references the Securities and this Indenture;


                                       27

<PAGE>

          (10) the rights, privileges, protections, immunities and benefits
     given to the Trustee, including, without limitation, its right to be
     indemnified, are extended to, and shall be enforceable by, the Trustee in
     each of its capacities hereunder, and each agent, custodian and the Person
     employed to act hereunder;

          (11) in no event shall the Trustee be responsible or liable for
     special, indirect, or consequential loss or damage of any kind whatsoever
     (including, but not limited to, loss of profit) irrespective of whether the
     Trustee has been advised of the likelihood of such loss or damage and
     regardless of the form of action; and

          (12) in no event shall the Trustee be responsible or liable for any
     failure or delay in the performance of its obligations hereunder arising
     out of or caused by, directly or indirectly, forces beyond its control,
     including, without limitation strikes, work stoppages, accidents, acts of
     war or terrorism, civil or military disturbances, nuclear or natural
     catastrophes or acts of God, and interruptions, loss or malfunctions of
     utilities; it being understood that the Trustee shall use reasonable
     efforts which are consistent with accepted practices in the banking
     industry to resume performance as soon as practicable under the
     circumstances.

SECTION 603. Not Responsible for Recitals or Issuance of Securities.

     The recitals contained herein and in the Securities, except the Trustee's
certificates of authentication, shall be taken as the statements of the Company,
and neither the Trustee nor any Authenticating Agent assumes any responsibility
for their correctness. The Trustee makes no representations as to the validity
or sufficiency of this Indenture or of the Securities. Neither the Trustee nor
any Authenticating Agent shall be accountable for the use or application by the
Company of Securities or the proceeds thereof.

SECTION 604. May Hold Securities.

     The Trustee, any Authenticating Agent, any Paying Agent, any Security
Registrar or any other agent of the Company, in its individual or any other
capacity, may become the owner or pledgee of Securities and, subject to Sections
607 and 612, may otherwise deal with the Company with the same rights it would
have if it were not Trustee, Authenticating Agent, Paying Agent, Security
Registrar or such other agent

SECTION 605. Money Held In Trust.

     Money held by the Trustee in trust hereunder need not be segregated from
other funds except to the extent required by law. The Trustee shall be under no
liability for interest on any money received by it hereunder except as otherwise
agreed with the Company.

     If a Default or Event of Default occurs and is continuing, the Trustee
shall mail to Holders of Notes a notice of the Default or Event of Default
within 90 days after such Event of Default becomes known to the Trustee. Except
in the case of a Default in payment on any Security (including the failure to
make a mandatory repurchase pursuant hereto), the Trustee may withhold the
notice if and so long as a committee of its Responsible Officers in good faith
determines that withholding the notice is in the interests of the Holders of the
Securities.

SECTION 606. Compensation and Reimbursement.

     The Company agrees

          (1) to pay to the Trustee from time to time reasonable compensation
     for all services rendered by it hereunder (which compensation shall not be
     limited by any provision of law in regard to the compensation of a trustee
     of an express trust);

          (2) except as otherwise expressly provided herein, to reimburse the
     Trustee upon its request for all reasonable expenses, disbursements and
     advances incurred or made by the Trustee


                                       28

<PAGE>

     in accordance with any provision of this Indenture (including the
     reasonable compensation and the expenses and disbursements of its agents
     and counsel), except any such expense, disbursement or advance as shall be
     determined to have been caused by its own negligence or bad faith; and

          (3) to indemnify the Trustee for, and to hold it harmless against, any
     loss, liability, calm, damage or expense incurred without negligence or bad
     faith on its part, arising out of or in connection with the acceptance or
     administration of the trust or trusts hereunder, including the costs and
     expenses of defending itself against any claim or liability in connection
     with the exercise or performance of any of its powers or duties hereunder.

     The obligations of the Company under this Section 607 shall survive the
resignation or removal of the Trustee, the satisfaction and discharge of this
Indenture and the termination of this Indenture.

     To secure the Company's payment obligations in this Section 607, the
Trustee shall have a Lien prior to the Securities on all money or property held
or collected by the Trustee, except that held in trust to pay principal,
Redemption Price or interest on, particular Securities. Such Lien shall survive
the resignation or removal of the Trustee, the satisfaction and discharge of
this Indenture and the termination of this Indenture.

     When the Trustee incurs expenses or renders services after an Event of
Default specified in Section 501(5) or 501(6) occurs, the expenses and the
compensation for the services (including the fees and expenses of its agents and
counsel) are intended to constitute expenses of administration under any
Bankruptcy Law.

SECTION 607. Conflicting Interests.

     If the Trustee has or shall acquire a conflicting interest within the
meaning of the Trust Indenture Act, the Trustee shall either eliminate such
interest or resign, to the extent and in the manner provided by, and subject to
the provisions of, the Trust Indenture Act and this Indenture. To the extent
permitted by such Act, the Trustee shall not be deemed to have a conflicting
interest by virtue of being a trustee under this Indenture with respect to
Securities of more than one series.

SECTION 608. Corporate Trustee Required; Eligibility.

     There shall at all times be one (and only one) Trustee hereunder with
respect to the Securities of each series, who may be the Trustee hereunder for
Securities of one or more other series. The Trustee shall be a Person that is
eligible pursuant to the Trust Indenture Act to act as such and has a combined
capital and surplus of at least $50,000,000 and has its Corporate Trust Office
in New York, New York. If any such Person publishes reports of condition at
least annually, pursuant to law or to the requirements of its supervising or
examining authority, then for the purposes of this Section and to the extent
permitted by the Trust Indenture Act, the combined capital and surplus of such
Person shall be deemed to be its combined capital and surplus as set forth in
its most recent report of condition so published. If at any time the Trustee
with respect to the Securities of any series shall cease to be eligible in
accordance with the provisions of this Section, it shall resign immediately in
the manner and with the effect hereinafter specified in this Article.

SECTION 609. Resignation and Removal; Appointment of Successor.

     No resignation or removal of the Trustee and no appointment of a successor
Trustee pursuant to this Article shall become effective until the acceptance of
appointment by the successor Trustee in accordance with the applicable
requirements of Section 610.

     The Trustee may resign at any time with respect to the Securities of one or
more series by giving written notice thereof to the Company. If the instrument
of acceptance by a successor Trustee required by Section 610 shall not have been
delivered to the Trustee within 30 days after the giving of such notice of
resignation, the resigning Trustee may petition any court of competent
jurisdiction (at the expense of the Company) for the appointment of a successor
Trustee with respect to the Securities of such series.


                                       29
<PAGE>

     The Trustee may be removed at any time with respect to the Securities of
any series by Act of the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the
Outstanding Securities of such series, delivered to the Trustee and to the
Company.

     If at any time:

          (1) the Trustee shall fail to comply with Section 607 after written
     request therefor by the Company or by any Holder who has been a bona fide
     Holder of a Security for at least six months, or

          (2) the Trustee shall cease to be eligible under Section 608 and shall
     fail to resign after written request therefor by the Company or by any such
     Holder, or

          (3) the Trustee shall become incapable of acting or shall be adjudged
     bankrupt or insolvent or a receiver of the Trustee or of its property shall
     be appointed or any public officer shall take charge or control of the
     Trustee or of its property or affairs for the purpose of rehabilitation,
     conservation or liquidation,

then, in any such case, (A) the Company by a Board Resolution may remove the
Trustee with respect to all Securities, or (B) subject to Section 514, any
Holder who has been a bona fide Holder of a Security for at least six months
may, on behalf of himself and all others similarly situated, petition any court
of competent jurisdiction for the removal of the Trustee with respect to all
Securities and the appointment of a successor Trustee or Trustees.

     If the Trustee shall resign, be removed or become incapable of acting, or
if a vacancy shall occur in the office of Trustee for any cause, with respect to
the Securities of one or more series, the Company, by a Board Resolution, shall
promptly appoint a successor Trustee or Trustees with respect to the Securities
of that or those series (it being understood that any such successor Trustee may
be appointed with respect to the Securities of one or more or all of such series
and that at any time there shall be only one Trustee with respect to the
Securities of any particular series) and shall comply with the applicable
requirements of Section 610. If, within one year after such resignation, removal
or incapability, or the occurrence of such vacancy, a successor Trustee with
respect to the Securities of any series shall be appointed by Act of the Holders
of a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of such series
delivered to the Company and the retiring Trustee, the successor Trustee so
appointed shall, forthwith upon its acceptance of such appointment in accordance
with the applicable requirements of Section 610, become the successor Trustee
with respect to the Securities of such series and to that extent supersede the
successor Trustee appointed by the Company. If no successor Trustee with respect
to the Securities of any series shall have been so appointed by the Company or
the Holders of Securities of such series and accepted appointment in the manner
required by Section 610, any Holder who has been a bona fide Holder of a
Security of such series for at least six months may, on behalf of himself and
all others similarly situated, petition any court of competent jurisdiction for
the appointment of a successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of such
series.

     The Company shall give notice of each resignation and each removal of the
Trustee with respect to the Securities of any series and each appointment of a
successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of any series to all Holders of
Securities of such series in the manner provided in Section 106. Each notice
shall include the name of the successor Trustee with respect to the Securities
of such series and the address of its Corporate Trust Office.

SECTION 610. Acceptance of Appointment by Successor.

     In case of the appointment hereunder of a successor Trustee with respect to
all Securities, every such successor Trustee so appointed shall execute,
acknowledge and deliver to the Company and to the retiring Trustee an instrument
accepting such appointment, and thereupon the resignation or removal of the
retiring Trustee shall become effective and such successor Trustee, without any
further act, deed or conveyance, shall become vested with all the rights,
powers, trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee; but, on the request of the
Company or the successor Trustee, such retiring Trustee shall, upon payment of
its


                                       30

<PAGE>

charges, execute and deliver an instrument transferring to such successor
Trustee all the rights, powers and trusts of the retiring Trustee and shall duly
assign, transfer and deliver to such successor Trustee all property and money
held by such retiring Trustee hereunder.

     In case of the appointment hereunder of a successor Trustee with respect to
the Securities of one or more (but not all) series, the Company, the retiring
Trustee and each successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of one or more
series shall execute and deliver an indenture supplemental hereto wherein each
successor Trustee shall accept such appointment and which (1) shall contain such
provisions as shall be necessary or desirable to transfer and confirm to, and to
vest in, each successor Trustee all the rights, powers, trusts and duties of the
retiring Trustee with respect to the Securities of that or those series to which
the appointment of such successor Trustee relates, (2) if the retiring Trustee
is not retiring with respect to all Securities, shall contain such provisions as
shall be deemed necessary or desirable to confirm that all the rights, powers,
trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee with respect to the Securities of that
or those series as to which the retiring Trustee is not retiring shall continue
to be vested in the retiring Trustee, and (3) shall add to or change any of the
provisions of this Indenture as shall be necessary to provide for or facilitate
the administration of the trusts hereunder by more than one Trustee, it being
understood that nothing herein or in such supplemental indenture shall
constitute such Trustees co-trustees of the same trust and that each such
Trustee shall be trustee of a trust or trusts hereunder separate and apart from
any trust or trusts hereunder administered by any other such Trustee; and upon
the execution and delivery of such supplemental indenture the resignation or
removal of the retiring Trustee shall become effective to the extent provided
therein and each such successor Trustee, without any further act, deed or
conveyance, shall become vested with all the rights, powers, trusts and duties
of the retiring Trustee with respect to the Securities of that or those series
to which the appointment of such successor Trustee relates; but, on request of
the Company or any successor Trustee, such retiring Trustee shall duly assign,
transfer and deliver to such successor Trustee all property and money held by
such retiring Trustee hereunder with respect to the Securities of that or those
series to which the appointment of such successor Trustee relates.

     Upon request of any such successor Trustee, the Company shall execute any
and all instruments for more fully and certainly vesting in and confirming to
such successor Trustee all such rights, powers and trusts referred to in the
first or second preceding paragraph, as the case may be.

     No successor Trustee shall accept its appointment unless at the time of
such acceptance such successor Trustee shall be qualified and eligible under
this Article.

SECTION 611. Merger, Conversion, Consolidation or Succession to Business.

     Any corporation into which the Trustee may be merged or converted or with
which it may be consolidated, or any corporation resulting from any merger,
conversion or consolidation to which the Trustee shall be a party, or any
corporation succeeding to all or substantially all the corporate trust business
of the Trustee, shall be the successor of the Trustee hereunder, provided such
corporation shall be otherwise qualified and eligible under this Article,
without the execution or filing of any paper or any further act on the part of
any of the parties hereto. In case any Securities shall have been authenticated,
but not delivered, by the Trustee then in office, any successor by merger,
conversion or consolidation to such authenticating Trustee may adopt such
authentication and deliver the Securities so authenticated with the same effect
as if such successor Trustee had itself authenticated such Securities.

SECTION 612. Preferential Collection of Claims Against Company.

     If and when the Trustee shall be or become a creditor of the Company (or
any other obligor upon the Securities), the Trustee shall be subject to the
provisions of Section 311 of the Trust Indenture Act, but only to the extent
therein specified, regarding the collection of claims against the Company (or
any such other obligor). For purposes of Section 311(b)(4) and (6) of such Act,
the following terms shall mean:

          (a) "cash transaction" means any transaction in which full payment for
goods or securities sold is made within seven days after delivery of the goods
or securities in currency or in checks or other orders drawn upon banks or
bankers and payable upon demand; and


                                       31

<PAGE>

          (b) "self-liquidating paper" means any draft, bill of exchange,
acceptance or obligation which is made, drawn, negotiated or incurred by the
Company for the purpose of financing the purchase, processing, manufacturing,
shipment, storage or sale of goods, wares or merchandise and which is secured by
documents evidencing title to, possession of, or a lien upon, the goods, wares
or merchandise or the receivables or proceeds arising from the sale of the
goods, wares or merchandise previously constituting the security, provided the
security is received by the Trustee simultaneously with the creation of the
creditor relationship with the Company arising from the making, drawing,
negotiating or incurring of the draft, bill of exchange, acceptance or
obligation.

SECTION 613. Appointment of Authenticating Agent.

     The Trustee may appoint an Authenticating Agent or Agents with respect to
one or more series of Securities which shall be authorized to act on behalf of
the Trustee to authenticate Securities of such series issued upon original issue
and upon exchange, registration of transfer or partial redemption thereof or
pursuant to Section 306, and Securities so authenticated shall be entitled to
the benefits of this Indenture and shall be valid and obligatory for all
purposes as if authenticated by the Trustee hereunder. Any such appointment
shall be evidenced by an instrument in writing signed by a Responsible Officer
of the Trustee, and a copy of such instrument shall be promptly furnished to the
Company. Wherever reference is made in this Indenture to the authentication and
delivery of Securities by the Trustee or the Trustee's certificate of
authentication, such reference shall be deemed to include authentication and
delivery on behalf of the Trustee by an Authenticating Agent and a certificate
of authentication executed on behalf of the Trustee by an Authenticating Agent.
Each Authenticating Agent shall be acceptable to the Company and shall at all
times be a corporation organized and doing business under the laws of the United
States of America, any State thereof or the District of Columbia, authorized
under such laws to act as Authenticating Agent, having a combined capital and
surplus of not less than $50,000,000 and subject to supervision or examination
by Federal or State authority. If such Authenticating Agent publishes reports of
condition at least annually, pursuant to law or to the requirements of said
supervising or examining authority, then for the purposes of this Section, the
combined capital and surplus of such Authenticating Agent shall be deemed to be
its combined capital and surplus as set forth in its most recent report of
condition so published. If at any time an Authenticating Agent shall cease to be
eligible in accordance with the provisions of this Section, such Authenticating
Agent shall resign immediately in the manner and with the effect specified in
this Section.

     Any corporation into which an Authenticating Agent may be merged or
converted or with which it may be consolidated, or any corporation resulting
from any merger, conversion or consolidation to which such Authenticating Agent
shall he a party, or any corporation succeeding to the corporate agency or
corporate trust business of an Authenticating Agent, shall continue to be an
Authenticating Agent, provided such corporation shall be otherwise eligible
under this Section, without the execution or filing of any paper or any further
act on the part of the Trustee or the Authenticating Agent.

     An Authenticating Agent may resign at any time by giving written notice
thereof to the Trustee and to the Company. The Trustee may at any time terminate
the agency of an Authenticating Agent by giving written notice thereof to such
Authenticating Agent and to the Company. Upon receiving such a notice of
resignation or upon such a termination, or in case at any time such
Authenticating Agent shall cease to be eligible in accordance with the
provisions of this Section, the Trustee may appoint a successor Authenticating
Agent which shall be acceptable to the Company and shall give notice of such
appointment in the manner provided in Section 106 to all Holders of Securities
of the series with respect to which such Authenticating Agent will serve. Any
successor Authenticating Agent upon acceptance of its appointment hereunder
shall become vested with all the rights, powers and duties of its predecessor
hereunder, with like effect as if originally named as an Authenticating Agent.
No successor Authenticating Agent shall be appointed unless eligible under the
provisions of this Section.

     The Trustee agrees to pay to each Authenticating Agent from time to time
reasonable compensation for its services under this Section, and the Trustee
shall be entitled to be reimbursed for such payments, subject to the provisions
of Section 606.


                                       32

<PAGE>

     If an appointment with respect to one or more series is made pursuant to
this Section, the Securities of such series may have endorsed thereon, in
addition to the Trustee's certificate of authentication, an alternative
certificate of authentication in the following form:

     This is one of the Securities of the series designated therein referred to
in the within mentioned Indenture.


                                        ----------------------------------------
                                        As Trustee


                                        By:
                                            ------------------------------------
                                            As Authenticating Agent


                                        By:
                                            ------------------------------------
                                            Authorized Officer

     If all of the Securities of a series may not be originally issued at one
time, and if the Trustee does not have an office capable of authenticating
Securities upon original issuance located in a Place of Payment where the
Company wishes to have Securities of such series authenticated upon original
issuance, the Trustee, if so requested by the Company in writing (which writing
need not comply with Section 102 and need not be accompanied by an Opinion of
Counsel), shall appoint in accordance with this Section an Authenticating Agent
having an office in a Place of Payment designated by the Company with respect to
such series of Securities.

                                   ARTICLE VII

                HOLDERS' LISTS AND REPORTS BY TRUSTEE AND COMPANY

SECTION 701. Company to Furnish Trustee Names and Addresses of Holders.

     The Company will furnish or cause to be furnished to the Trustee

          (1) semi-annually, not later than 15 days after each Regular Record
     Date or in the case of any series of Securities on which semi-annual
     interest is not payable, not more than 15 days after such semi-annual dates
     specified by the Trustee, a list, in such form as the Trustee may
     reasonably require, of the names and addresses of the Holders of Securities
     of each series as of the Regular Record Date or such semi-annual date, as
     the case may be, and

          (2) at such other times as the Trustee may request in writing, within
     30 days after the receipt by the Company of any such request, a list of
     similar form and content as of a date not more than 15 days prior to the
     time such list is furnished;

excluding from any such list names and addresses received by the Trustee in its
capacity as Security Registrar.

SECTION 702. Preservation of Information; Communications to Holders.

     The Trustee shall preserve, in as current a form as is reasonably
practicable, the names and addresses of Holders contained in the most recent
list furnished to the Trustee as provided in Section 701 and the names and
addresses of Holders received by the Trustee in its capacity as Security
Registrar. The Trustee may destroy any list furnished to it as provided in
Section 701 upon receipt of a new list so furnished.


                                       33

<PAGE>

     The rights of Holders to communicate with other Holders with respect to
their rights under this Indenture or under the Securities, and the corresponding
rights and privileges of the Trustee, shall be as provided by the Trust
Indenture Act.

     Every Holder of Securities, by receiving and holding the same, agrees with
the Company and the Trustee that neither the Company nor the Trustee nor any
agent of either of them shall be held accountable by reason of any disclosure of
information as to names and addresses of Holders made pursuant to the Trust
Indenture Act.

SECTION 703. Reports by Trustee.

     The Trustee shall transmit to Holders such reports concerning the Trustee
and its actions under this Indenture as may be required pursuant to the Trust
Indenture Act at the times and in the manner provided pursuant thereto.

     A copy of each such report shall, at the time of such transmission to
Holders, be filed by the Trustee with each stock exchange upon which any
Securities are listed, with the Commission and with the Company. The Company
will notify the Trustee when any Securities are listed on any stock exchange or
delisted therefrom.

     Delivery of such reports, information and documents to the Trustee is for
informational purposes only and the Trustee's receipt of such shall not
constitute constructive notice of any information contained therein or
determinable from information contained therein, including the Company's
compliance with any of its covenants hereunder (as to which the Trustee is
entitled to rely exclusively on Officers' Certificates).

SECTION 704. Reports by Company.

     The Company shall file with the Trustee and the Commission, and transmit to
Holders, such information, documents and other reports, and such summaries
thereof, as may be required pursuant to the Trust Indenture Act at the times and
in the manner provided pursuant to such Act; provided that any such information,
documents or reports required to be filed with the Commission pursuant to
Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act shall be filed with the Trustee within
15 days after the same is so required to be filed with the Commission.

     Delivery of such reports, information and documents to the Trustee is for
informational purposes only and the Trustee's receipt of such shall not
constitute constructive notice of any information contained therein or
determinable from information contained therein, including the Company's
compliance with any of its covenants hereunder (as to which the Trustee is
entitled to rely exclusively on Officers' Certificates).

                                  ARTICLE VIII

              CONSOLIDATION, MERGER, CONVEYANCE, TRANSFER OR LEASE

SECTION 801. Company May Consolidate, Etc., Only on Certain Terms.

     The Company shall not consolidate with or merge into any other Person or
convey, transfer or lease its properties and assets substantially as an entirety
to any Person (other than a direct or indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of the
Company), and the Company shall not permit any Person (other than a direct or
indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company) to consolidate with or merge
into the Company or convey, transfer or lease its properties and assets
substantially as an entirety to the Company, unless:

          (1) the Company is the surviving corporation or, in case the Company
     shall consolidate with or merge into another Person or convey, transfer or
     lease its properties and assets substantially as an entirety to any Person,
     the Person formed by such consolidation or into which the Company is merged
     or the Person which acquires by conveyance or transfer, or which leases,
     the properties and assets of the Company substantially as an entirety shall
     be a corporation, partnership or trust, organized and validly existing
     under the laws of the United States of America,


                                       34

<PAGE>

     any State thereof or the District of Columbia and shall expressly assume,
     by an indenture supplemental hereto, executed and delivered to the Trustee,
     in form satisfactory to the Trustee, the due and punctual payment of the
     principal of and any premium and interest (including all additional
     amounts, if any payable pursuant to Section 1009) on all the Securities and
     the performance or observance of every covenant of this Indenture on the
     part of the Company to be performed or observed;

          (2) immediately after giving effect to such transaction and treating
     any indebtedness which becomes an obligation of the Company or any
     Subsidiary as a result of such transaction as having been incurred by the
     Company or such Subsidiary at the time of such transaction, no Event of
     Default, and no event which, after notice or lapse of time or both, would
     become an Event of Default, shall have happened and be continuing;

          (3) if, as a result of any such consolidation or merger or such
     conveyance, transfer or lease, properties or assets of the Company would
     become subject to a mortgage, pledge, lien, security interest or other
     encumbrance which would not be permitted by this Indenture, the Company or
     such successor Person, as the case may be, shall take such steps as shall
     be necessary effectively to secure the Securities equally and ratably with
     (or prior to) all indebtedness secured thereby; and

          (4) the Company has delivered to the Trustee an Officers' Certificate
     and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that such consolidation, merger,
     conveyance, transfer or lease and, if a supplemental indenture is required
     in connection with such transaction, such supplemental indenture comply
     with this Article and that all conditions precedent herein provided for
     relating to such transaction have been complied with.

SECTION 802. Successor Substituted.

     Upon any consolidation of the Company with, or merger of the Company into,
any other Person or any conveyance, transfer or lease of the properties and
assets of the Company substantially as an entirety in accordance with Section
801, the successor Person formed by such consolidation or into which the Company
is merged or to which such conveyance, transfer or lease is made shall succeed
to, and be substituted for, and may exercise every right and power of, the
Company under this Indenture with the same effect as if such successor Person
had been named as the Company herein, and thereafter, except in the case of a
lease, the predecessor Person shall be relieved of all obligations and covenants
under this Indenture and the Securities.

                                   ARTICLE IX

                             SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES

SECTION 901. Supplemental Indentures Without Consent of Holders.

     Without the consent of any Holders, the Company, when authorized by a Board
Resolution, and the Trustee, at any time and from time to time, may enter into
one or more indentures supplemental hereto, in form satisfactory to the Trustee,
for any of the following purposes:

          (1) to evidence the succession of another Person to the Company and
     the assumption by any such successor of the covenants of the Company herein
     and in the Securities; or

          (2) to add to the covenants of the Company for the benefit of the
     Holders of all or any series of Securities (and if such covenants are to be
     for the benefit of less than all series of Securities, stating that such
     covenants are expressly being included solely for the benefit of such
     series) or to surrender any right or power herein conferred upon the
     Company; or


                                       35

<PAGE>

          (3) to add any additional Events of Default for the benefit of the
     Holders of all or any series of Securities (and if such additional Events
     of Default are to be for the benefit of less than all series of Securities,
     stating that such additional Events of Default are expressly being included
     solely for the benefit of such series); or

          (4) to add to, change or eliminate any of the provisions of this
     Indenture in respect of one or more series of Securities, provided that any
     such addition, change or elimination (A) shall neither (i) apply to any
     Security of any series created prior to the execution of such supplemental
     indenture and entitled to the benefit of such provision nor (ii) modify the
     rights of the Holder of any such Security with respect to such provision or
     (B) shall become effective only when there is no such Security Outstanding;
     or

          (5) to secure the Securities; or

          (6) to establish the form or terms of Securities of any series as
     permitted by Sections 201 and 301; or

          (7) to evidence and provide for the acceptance of appointment
     hereunder by a successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of one or
     more series and to add to or change any of the provisions of this Indenture
     as shall be necessary to provide for or facilitate the administration of
     the trusts hereunder by more than one Trustee, pursuant to the requirements
     of Section 610; or

          (8) to cure any ambiguity, to correct or supplement any provision
     herein which may be defective or inconsistent with any other provision
     herein, or to make any other provisions with respect to matters or
     questions arising under this Indenture, provided that such action pursuant
     to this Clause (8) shall not adversely affect the interests of the Holders
     of Securities of any series in any material respect.

SECTION 902. Supplemental Indentures With Consent of Holders.

     With the consent of the Holders of not less than 51% in aggregate principal
amount of the Outstanding Securities of each series affected by such
supplemental indenture, by Act of said Holders delivered to the Company and the
Trustee, the Company, when authorized by a Board Resolution, and the Trustee may
enter into an indenture or indentures supplemental hereto for the purpose of
adding any provisions to or changing in any manner or eliminating any of the
provisions of this Indenture or of modifying in any manner the rights of the
Holders of Securities of such series under this Indenture; provided, however,
that no such supplemental indenture shall, without the consent of the Holder of
each Outstanding Security affected thereby,

          (1) change the Stated Maturity of the principal of, or any installment
     of principal of or interest on, any Security, or reduce the principal
     amount thereof or the rate of interest thereon or any premium payable upon
     the redemption thereof, or change any obligation of the Company to pay
     additional amounts pursuant to Section 1009 (except as contemplated by
     Section 801(1) and permitted by Section 901(1), or reduce the amount of the
     principal of an Original Issue Discount Security or any other Security
     which would be due and payable upon a declaration of acceleration of the
     Maturity thereof pursuant to Section 502, or change any Place of Payment
     where, or the coin or currency in which, any Security or any premium or
     interest thereon is payable, or impair the right to institute suit for the
     enforcement of any such payment on or after the Stated Maturity thereof
     (or, in the case of redemption, on or after the Redemption Date), or modify
     the provisions of this Indenture with respect to the subordination of the
     Securities in a manner adverse to the Holders, or

          (2) reduce the percentage in principal amount of the Outstanding
     Securities of any series, the consent of whose Holders is required for any
     such supplemental indenture, or the consent of whose Holders is required
     for any waiver (of compliance with certain provisions of this Indenture or
     certain defaults hereunder and their consequences) provided for in this
     Indenture, or


                                       36

<PAGE>

          (3) change any obligation of the Company to maintain an office or
     agency in the places and for the purposes specified in Section 1002, or

          (4) modify any of the provisions of this Section, Section 513 or
     Section 1009, except to increase any such percentage or to provide that
     certain other provisions of this Indenture cannot be modified or waived
     without the consent of the Holder of each Outstanding Security affected
     thereby; provided, however, that this clause shall not be deemed to require
     the consent of any Holder with respect to changes in the references to "the
     Trustee" and concomitant changes in this Section and Section 1008, or the
     deletion of this proviso, in accordance with the requirements of Sections
     610 and 901(7).

A supplemental indenture which changes or eliminates any covenant or other
provision of this Indenture which has expressly been included solely for the
benefit of one or more particular series of Securities, or which modifies the
rights of the Holders of Securities of such series with respect to such covenant
or other provision, shall be deemed not to affect the rights under this
Indenture of the Holders of Securities of any other series.

     It shall not be necessary for any Act of Holders of Securities under this
Section to approve the particular form of any proposed supplemental indenture,
but it shall be sufficient if such Act shall approve the substance thereof.

SECTION 903. Execution of Supplemental Indentures.

     In executing, or accepting the additional trusts created by, any
supplemental indenture permitted by this Article or the modifications thereby of
the trusts created by this Indenture, the Trustee shall be entitled to receive,
and (subject to Section 601) shall be fully protected in relying upon, an
Opinion of Counsel stating that the execution of such supplemental indenture is
authorized or permitted by this Indenture and that all conditions precedent
herein to the execution of the supplemental indenture have been complied with.
The Trustee may, but shall not be obligated to, enter into any such supplemental
indenture which affects the Trustee's owner's rights, duties or immunities under
this Indenture or otherwise.

SECTION 904. Effect of Supplemental Indentures.

     Upon the execution of any supplemental indenture under this Article, this
Indenture shall be modified in accordance therewith, and such supplemental
indenture shall form a part of this Indenture for all purposes; and every Holder
of Securities theretofore or thereafter authenticated and delivered hereunder
shall be bound thereby.

SECTION 905. Conformity with Trust Indenture Act.

     Every supplemental indenture executed pursuant to this Article shall
conform to the requirements of the Trust Indenture Act.

SECTION 906. Reference in Securities to Supplemental Indentures.

     Securities of any series authenticated and delivered after the execution of
any supplemental indenture pursuant to this Article may, and shall if required
by the Trustee, bear a notation in form approved by the Trustee as to any matter
provided for in such supplemental indenture. If the Company shall so determine,
new Securities of any series so modified as to conform, in the opinion of the
Trustee and the Company, to any such supplemental indenture may be prepared and
executed by the Company and authenticated and delivered by the Trustee in
exchange for Outstanding Securities of such series.


                                       37

<PAGE>

                                    ARTICLE X

                                    COVENANTS

SECTION 1001. Payment of Principal, Premium and Interest.

     The Company covenants and agrees for the benefit of Holders of each series
of Securities that it will duly and punctually pay the principal of and any
premium and interest on the Securities of that series in accordance with the
terms of the Securities and this Indenture.

SECTION 1002. Maintenance of Office or Agency.

     The Company will maintain in each Place of Payment for any series an office
or agency where Securities of that series may be presented or surrendered for
payment, where Securities of that series may be surrendered for registration of
transfer or exchange and where notices and demands to or upon the Company in
respect of the Securities of that series and this Indenture may be served. The
Company will give prompt written notice to the Trustee of the location, and any
change in the location, of any such office or agency. If at any time the Company
shall fail to maintain any such required office or agency in respect of any
series of Securities or shall fail to furnish the Trustee with the address
thereof, such presentations and surrenders of Securities of that series may be
made and notices and demands may be made or served at the Corporate Trust Office
of the Trustee, and the Company hereby appoints the same as its agent to receive
such respective presentations, surrenders, notices and demands. The Company may
also from time to time designate one or more other offices or agencies where the
Securities of one or more series may be presented or surrendered for any or all
such purposes and may from time to time rescind such designations; provided,
however, that no such designation or rescission shall in any manner relieve the
Company of its obligation to maintain an office or agency in each Place of
Payment for Securities of any series for such purposes. The Company will give
prompt written notice to the Trustee of any such designation or rescission and
of any change in the location of any such other office or agency.

SECTION 1003. Money for Securities Payments to Be Held in Trust.

     If the Company shall at any time act as its own Paying Agent with respect
to any series of Securities, it will, on or before each due date of the
principal of or any premium or interest on any of the Securities of that series,
segregate and hold in trust for the benefit of the Persons entitled thereto a
sum sufficient to pay the principal and any premium or interest so becoming due
until such sums shall be paid to such Persons or otherwise disposed of as herein
provided and will promptly notify the Trustee of its action or failure so to
act.

     Whenever the Company shall have one or more Paying Agents for any series of
Securities, it will, prior to each due date of the principal of or any premium
or interest on any Securities of that series, deposit with a Paying Agent a sum
sufficient to pay the principal and any premium or interest so becoming due,
such sum to be held in trust for the benefit of the Persons entitled to such
principal, premium or interest, and (unless such Paying Agent is the Trustee)
the Company will promptly notify the Trustee of its action or failure so to act.

     The Company will cause each Paying Agent for any series of Securities other
than the Trustee to execute and deliver to the Trustee an instrument in which
such Paying Agent shall agree with the Trustee, subject to the provisions of
this Section, that such Paying Agent will (1) comply with the provisions of the
Trust Indenture Act applicable to it as a Paying Agent and (2) during the
continuance of any default by the Company (or any other obligor upon the
Securities of that series) in the making of any payment in respect of the
Securities of that series, upon the written request of the Trustee, forthwith
pay to the Trustee all sums held in trust by such Paying Agent for payment in
respect of the Securities of that series.

     The Company may at any time, for the purpose of obtaining the satisfaction
and discharge of this Indenture or for any other purpose, pay, or by Company
Order direct any Paying Agent to pay, to the Trustee all sums held in trust by
the Company or such Paying Agent, such sums to be held by the Trustee upon the
same trusts as those upon which such sums were held by the Company or such
Paying Agent; and,


                                       38

<PAGE>

upon such payment by any Paying Agent to the Trustee, such Paying Agent shall be
released from all further liability with respect to such money.

     Any money deposited with the Trustee or any Paying Agent, or then held by
the Company, in trust for the payment of the principal of or any premium or
interest on any Security of any series and remaining unclaimed for two years
after such principal and any premium or interest has become due and payable
shall be paid to the Company on Company Request, or (if then held by the
Company) shall be discharged from such trust; and the Holder of such Security
shall thereafter, as an unsecured general creditor, look only to the Company for
payment thereof, and all liability of the Trustee or such Paying Agent with
respect to such trust money, and all liability of the Company as trustee
thereof, shall thereupon cease; provided, however, that the Trustee or such
Paying Agent, before being required to make any such repayment, may at the
expense of the Company cause to be published once, in an Authorized Newspaper in
each Place of Payment, notice that such money remains unclaimed and that, after
a date specified therein, which shall not be less than 30 days from the date of
such publication, any unclaimed balance of such money then remaining will be
repaid to the Company.

SECTION 1004. Statement by Officers as to Default.

     The Company will deliver to the Trustee, within 120 days after the end of
each fiscal year of the Company ending after the date hereof, an Officers'
Certificate, stating whether or not to the best knowledge of the signers thereof
the Company is in default in the performance and observance of any of the terms,
provisions and conditions of this Indenture (without regard to any period of
grace or requirement of notice provided hereunder) and, if the Company shall be
in default, specifying all such defaults and the nature and status thereof of
which they may have knowledge. The Company shall deliver to the Trustee, as soon
as reasonably practicable and in any event within 20 days after the Company
becomes aware of the occurrence of any Event of Default or an event which, with
notice or the lapse of time or both, would constitute an Event of Default, an
Officers' Certificate setting forth the details of such Event of Default or
default.

SECTION 1005. Existence.

     Subject to Article Eight, the Company will do or cause to be done all
things necessary to preserve and keep in full force and effect its existence,
rights (charter and statutory) and franchises; provided, however, that the
Company shall not be required to preserve any such right or franchise if the
Board of Directors shall determine that the preservation thereof is no longer
desirable in the conduct of the business of the Company and that the loss
thereof is not disadvantageous in any material respect to the ability of the
Company to make payments hereunder.

SECTION 1006. Maintenance of Properties.

     The Company will cause all properties used or useful in the conduct of its
business or the business of any Subsidiary to be maintained and kept in good
condition, repair and working order and supplied with all necessary equipment
and will cause to be made all necessary repairs, renewals, replacements,
betterments and improvements thereof, all as in the judgment of the Company may
be necessary so that the business carried on in connection therewith may be
properly and advantageously conducted at all times; provided, however, that
nothing in this Section shall prevent the Company from discontinuing the
operation or maintenance of any of such properties if such discontinuance is, in
the judgment of the Company, desirable in the conduct of its business or the
business of any Subsidiary and not disadvantageous in any material respect to
the ability of the Company to make payments hereunder.

SECTION 1007. Payment of Taxes and Other Claims.

     The Company will pay or discharge or cause to be paid or discharged, before
the same shall become delinquent, (1) all taxes, assessments and governmental
charges levied or imposed upon the Company or any Subsidiary or upon the income,
profits or property of the Company or any Subsidiary, and (2) all lawful claims
for labor, materials and supplies which, if unpaid, might by law become a lien
upon the property of the Company or any Subsidiary; provided, however, that the
Company shall not be required


                                       39

<PAGE>

to pay or discharge or cause to be paid or discharged any such tax, assessment,
charge or claim whose amount, applicability or validity is being contested in
good faith.

SECTION 1008. Waiver of Certain Covenants.

     Except as otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 301 for Securities
of such series, the Company may, with respect to the Securities of any series,
omit in any particular instance to comply with any term, provision or condition
set forth in any covenant provided pursuant to Section 301(22), 901(2) or 901(7)
for the benefit of the Holders of such series if before the time for such
compliance the Holders of at least 50% in principal amount of the Outstanding
Securities of such series shall, by Act of such Holders, either waive such
compliance in such instance or generally waive compliance with such term,
provision or condition, but no such waiver shall extend to or affect such term,
provision or condition except to the extent so expressly waived, and, until such
waiver shall become effective, the obligations of the Company and the duties of
the Trustee in respect of any such term, provision or condition shall remain in
full force and effect.

SECTION 1009. Additional Amounts

     If the Securities of a series provide for the payment of additional
amounts, the Company will pay to the Holder of any Security of such series
additional amounts as provided therein. Whenever in this Indenture there is
mentioned, in any context, the payment of the principal of or any premium or
interest on, or in respect of, any Security of any series or the net proceeds
received on the sale or exchange of any Security of any series, such mention
shall be deemed to include mention of the payment of additional amounts provided
for in this Section to the extent that, in such context, additional amounts are,
were or would be payable in respect thereof pursuant to the provisions of this
Section and express mention of the payment of additional amounts (if applicable)
in any provisions hereof shall not be construed as excluding additional amounts
in those provisions hereof where such express mention is not made.

     If the Securities of a series provide for the payment of additional
amounts, at least 10 days prior to the first Interest Payment Date with respect
to that series of Securities (or if the Securities of that series will not bear
interest prior to Maturity, the first day on which a payment of principal and
any premium is made), and at least 10 days prior to each date of payment of
principal and any premium or interest if there has been any change with respect
to the matters set forth in the below-mentioned Officers' Certificate, the
Company will furnish the Trustee and the Company's principal Payment Agent or
Paying Agents, if other than the Trustee, with an Officers' Certificate
instructing the Trustee and such Paying Agent or Paying Agents whether such
payment of principal of and any premium or interest on the Securities of that
series shall be made to Holders of Securities of that series who are United
States Aliens without withholding for or on account of any tax, assessment or
other governmental charge described in the Securities of that series. If any
such withholding shall be required, then such Officers' Certificate shall
specify by country the amount, if any, required to be withheld on such payments
to such Holders of Securities and the Company will pay to the Trustee or such
Paying Agent the additional amounts required by this Section. The Company
covenants to indemnify the Trustee and any Paying Agent for, and to hold them
harmless against, any loss, liability or expense reasonably incurred without
negligence or bad faith on their part arising out of or in connection with
actions taken or omitted by any of them in reliance on any Officers' Certificate
furnished pursuant to this Section.

                                   ARTICLE XI

                            REDEMPTION OF SECURITIES

SECTION 1101. Applicability of Article.

     Securities of any series which are redeemable before their Stated Maturity
shall be redeemable in accordance with their terms and (except as otherwise
specified as contemplated by Section 301 for such Securities) in accordance with
this Article.


                                       40

<PAGE>

SECTION 1102. Election to Redeem; Notice to Trustee.

     The election of the Company to redeem any Securities shall be evidenced by
a Board Resolution or in another manner specified as contemplated by Section 301
for such Securities. In case of any redemption at the election of the Company of
less than all the Securities of any series (including any such redemption
affecting only a single Security), the Company shall, at least 45 days prior to
the Redemption Date fixed by the Company (unless a shorter notice shall be
satisfactory to the Trustee), notify the Trustee of such Redemption Date, of the
principal amount of Securities of such series to be redeemed and, if applicable,
of the tenor of the Securities to be redeemed (unless all of the Securities of a
specified tenor are to be redeemed). In the case of any redemption of Securities
(i) prior to the expiration of any restriction on such redemption provided in
the terms of such Securities or elsewhere in this Indenture, or (ii) pursuant to
an election of the Company which is subject to a condition specified in the
terms of such Securities, the Company shall furnish the Trustee with an
Officers' Certificate evidencing compliance with such restriction or condition.

SECTION 1103. Selection by Trustee of Securities to Be Redeemed.

     If less than all the Securities of any series are to be redeemed (unless
all the Securities of such series and of a specified tenor are to be redeemed or
unless such redemption affects only a single Security), the particular
Securities to be redeemed shall be selected not more than 45 days prior to the
Redemption Date by the Trustee, from the Outstanding Securities of such series
not previously called for redemption, by such method as the Trustee shall deem
fair and appropriate and which may provide for the selection for redemption of
portions (equal to the minimum authorized denomination for Securities of that
series or any integral multiple thereof) of the principal amount of Securities
of such series of a denomination larger than the minimum authorized denomination
for Securities of that series or of the principal amount of global securities of
such series. If less than all of the Securities of such series and of a
specified tenor are to be redeemed, the particular Securities to be redeemed
shall be selected not more than 60 days prior to the Redemption Date by the
Trustee, from the Outstanding Securities of such series and specified tenor not
previously called for redemption in accordance with the preceding sentence. If
so specified in the Securities of a series, partial redemptions must be in an
amount not less than $1,000 principal amount of Securities.

     The Trustee shall promptly notify the Company in writing of the Securities
selected for redemption as aforesaid and, in case of any Securities selected for
partial redemption as aforesaid, the principal amount thereof to he redeemed.

     The provisions of the two preceding paragraphs shall not apply with respect
to any redemption affecting only a single Security, whether such Security is to
be redeemed in whole or in part. In the case of any such redemption in part, the
unredeemed portion of the principal amount of the Security shall be in an
authorized denomination (which shall not be less than the minimum authorized
denomination) for such Security.

     For all purposes of this Indenture, unless the context otherwise requires,
all provisions relating to the redemption of Securities shall relate, in the
case of any Securities redeemed or to be redeemed only in part, to the portion
of the principal amount of such Securities which has been or is to be redeemed.

SECTION 1104. Notice of Redemption.

     Notice of redemption shall be given in the manner provided in Section 106
to the Holders of Securities to be redeemed not less than 30 nor more than 60
days prior to the Redemption Date.

     All notices of redemption shall state:

          (1) the Redemption Date,

          (2) the Redemption Price,


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<PAGE>

          (3) if less than all the Outstanding Securities of any series
     consisting of more than a single Security are to be redeemed, the
     identification (and, in the case of partial redemption of any such
     Securities, the principal amounts) of the particular Securities to be
     redeemed and, if less than all the Outstanding Securities of any series
     consisting of a single Security are to be redeemed, the principal amount of
     the particular Security to be redeemed,

          (4) that on the Redemption Date the Redemption Price will become due
     and payable upon each such Security to be redeemed and, if applicable, that
     interest thereon will cease to accrue on and after said date,

          (5) the place or places where such Securities are to be surrendered
     for payment of the Redemption Price,

          (6) that the redemption is for a sinking fund, if such is the case;
     and

          (7) applicable Cusip numbers, if any.

     A notice of redemption published as contemplated by Section 106 need not
identify particular Registered Securities to be redeemed.

     Notice of redemption of Securities to be redeemed at the election of the
Company shall be given by the Company or, at the Company's request, by the
Trustee in the name and at the expense of the Company and shall be irrevocable.

SECTION 1105. Deposit of Redemption Price.

     Prior to any Redemption Date, the Company shall deposit with the Trustee or
with a Paying Agent (or, if the Company is acting as its own Paying Agent,
segregate and hold in trust as provided in Section 1003) an amount of money
sufficient to pay the Redemption Price of, and (except if the Redemption Date
shall be an Interest Payment Date) accrued interest on, all the Securities which
are to be redeemed on that date.

SECTION 1106. Securities Payable on Redemption Date.

     Notice of redemption having been given as aforesaid, the Securities so to
be redeemed shall, on the Redemption Date, become due and payable at the
Redemption Price therein specified, and from and after such date (unless the
Company shall default in the payment of the Redemption Price and accrued
interest) such Securities shall cease to bear interest. Upon surrender of any
such Security for redemption in accordance with said notice, such Security shall
be paid by the Company at the Redemption Price, together with accrued interest
to the Redemption Date; provided, however, that, unless otherwise specified as
contemplated by Section 301, installments of interests on Securities whose
Stated Maturity is on or prior to the Redemption Date shall be payable to the
Holders of such Securities, or one or more Predecessor Securities, registered as
such at the close of business on the relevant Record Dates according to their
terms and the provisions of Section 307.

     If any Security called for redemption shall not be so paid upon surrender
thereof for redemption, the principal and any premium shall, until paid, bear
interest from the Redemption Date at the rate prescribed therefor in the
Security.

SECTION 1107. Securities Redeemed in Part.

     Any Security which is to be redeemed only in part shall be surrendered at a
Place of Payment therefor (with, if the Company or the Trustee so requires, due
endorsement by, or a written instrument of transfer in form satisfactory to the
Company and the Trustee duly executed by, the Holder thereof or his attorney
duly authorized in writing), and the Company shall execute, and the Trustee
shall authenticate and deliver to the Holder of such Security without service
charge, a new Security or Securities of the same series and of like tenor, of
any authorized denomination as requested by such Holder, in aggregate principal


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<PAGE>

amount equal to and in exchange for the unredeemed portion of the principal of
the Security so surrendered.

                                   ARTICLE XII

                                  SINKING FUNDS

SECTION 1201. Applicability of Article.

     The provisions of this Article shall be applicable to any sinking fund for
the retirement of Securities of any series except as otherwise specified as
contemplated by Section 301 for such Securities.

     The minimum amount of any sinking fund payment provided for by the terms of
any Securities is herein referred to as a "mandatory sinking fund payment," and
any payment in excess of such minimum amount provided for by the terms of such
Securities is herein referred to as an "optional sinking fund payment." If
provided for by the terms of any Securities, the cash amount of any sinking fund
payment may be subject to reduction as provided in Section 1202. Each sinking
fund payment shall be applied to the redemption of Securities as provided for by
the terms of such Securities.

SECTION 1202. Satisfaction of Sinking Fund Payments with Securities.

     The Company (1) may deliver Outstanding Securities of a series (other than
any previously called for redemption) and (2) may apply, as a credit, Securities
of a series which have been redeemed either at the election of the Company
pursuant to the terms of such Securities or through the application of permitted
optional sinking fund payments pursuant to the terms of such Securities, in each
case in satisfaction of all or any part of any sinking fund payment with respect
to any Securities of such series required to be made pursuant to the terms of
such Securities as and to the extent provided for by the terms of such
Securities; provided that the Securities to be so credited have not been
previously so credited. The Securities to be so credited shall be received and
credited for such purpose by the Trustee at the Redemption Price, as specified
in the Securities so to be redeemed, for redemption through operation of the
sinking fund and the amount of such sinking fund payment shall be reduced
accordingly.

SECTION 1203. Redemption of Securities for Sinking Fund.

     Not less than 45 days prior (unless a shorter period shall be satisfactory
to the Trustee) to each sinking fund payment date for any Securities, the
Company will deliver to the Trustee an Officers' Certificate specifying the
amount of the next ensuing sinking fund payment for such Securities pursuant to
the terms of such Securities, the portion thereof, if any, which is to be
satisfied by payment of cash and the portion thereof, if any, which is to be
satisfied by delivering and crediting Securities pursuant to Section 1202 and
will also deliver to the Trustee any Securities to be so delivered. Not less
than 45 days prior to each such sinking fund payment date, the Trustee shall
select the Securities to be redeemed upon such sinking fund payment date in the
manner specified in Section 1103 and cause notice of the redemption thereof to
be given in the name of and at the expense of the Company in the manner provided
in Section 1104. Such notice having been duly given, the redemption of such
Securities shall be made upon the terms and in the manner stated in Sections
1106 and 1107.

                                  ARTICLE XIII

                       DEFEASANCE AND COVENANT DEFEASANCE

SECTION 1301. Company's Option to Effect Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance.

     The Company may at its option, at any time elect to have either Section
1302 or Section 1303 applied to the Outstanding Securities of any series upon
compliance with the conditions set forth below in this Article Thirteen.


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<PAGE>

SECTION 1302. Defeasance and Discharge.

     Upon the Company's exercise of the option provided in Section 1301
applicable to this Section, the Company shall be deemed to have been discharged
from its obligations with respect to the Outstanding Securities of any series on
the date the conditions set forth below are satisfied (hereinafter,
"defeasance"). For this purpose, such defeasance means that the Company shall be
deemed to have paid and discharged the entire indebtedness represented by the
Outstanding Securities of such series and to have satisfied all its other
obligations under the Securities of such series and this Indenture insofar as
the Securities of such series are concerned (and the Trustee, at the expense of
the Company, shall execute proper instruments acknowledging the same), except
for the following which shall survive until otherwise terminated or discharged
hereunder: (A) the rights of Holders of the Securities of such series to
receive, solely from the trust fund described in Section 1304 and as more fully
set forth in such Section, payments in respect of the principal of and any
premium and interest on the Securities of such series when such payments are
due, (B) the Company's obligations with respect to such Securities under
Sections 304, 305, 306, 1002 and 1003, (C) the rights, powers, trusts, duties
and immunities of the Trustee hereunder and (D) this Article Thirteen. Subject
to compliance with this Article Thirteen, the Company may exercise its option
under this Section 1302 notwithstanding the prior exercise of its option under
Section 1303.

SECTION 1303. Covenant Defeasance.

     Upon the Company's exercise of the option provided in Section 1301
applicable to this Section, (i) the Company shall be released from its
obligations with respect to the Securities of such Series under Section 801,
Sections 1005 through 1009, inclusive, and any covenants provided pursuant to
Section 301(22), 901(2) or 901(7) for the benefit of the Holders of such
Securities and (ii) the occurrence of an event specified in Sections 501(3) or
(4) shall not be deemed to be an Event of Default on and after the date the
conditions set forth below are satisfied (hereinafter, "covenant defeasance").
For this purpose, such covenant defeasance means that the Company may omit to
comply with and shall have no liability in respect of any term, condition or
limitation set forth in any such Section or clause whether directly or
indirectly by reason of any reference elsewhere herein to any such Section or
clause or by reason of any reference in any such Section or clause to any other
provision herein or in any other document, but the remainder of this Indenture
and such Securities shall be unaffected thereby.

SECTION 1304. Conditions to Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance.

     The following shall be the conditions to application of either Section 1302
or Section 1303 to the then Outstanding Securities of any series:

          (1) The Company shall irrevocably have deposited or caused to be
     deposited with the Trustee (or another trustee satisfying the requirements
     of Section 609 who shall agree to comply with the provisions of this
     Article Thirteen applicable to it) as trust funds in trust for the purpose
     of making the following payments specifically pledged as security for, and
     dedicated solely to, the benefit of the Holders of the Securities of such
     series, (A) money in an amount, or (B) Government Obligations which through
     the scheduled payment of principal and interest in respect thereof in
     accordance with their terms will provide, not later than one day before the
     due date of any payment, money in an amount, or (C) a combination thereof,
     sufficient, in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of independent
     public accountants expressed in a written certification thereof delivered
     to the Trustee, to pay and discharge, and which shall be applied by the
     Trustee (or other qualifying trustee) to pay and discharge, the principal
     of, premium, if any, and each installment of interest on the Securities on
     the Stated Maturity of such principal or installment of interest in
     accordance with the terms of this Indenture and of the Securities of such
     series. For this purpose, "Government Obligations" means, with respect to
     any series of Securities, securities that are (x) direct obligations of the
     government that issued the currency in which such series is denominated
     (or, if such series is denominated in euro, the direct obligations of any
     government that is a member of the European Monetary Union) for the payment
     of which its full faith and credit is pledged or (y) obligations of a
     Person controlled or supervised by and acting as an agency or
     instrumentality of such government the payment of which is unconditionally
     guaranteed as a full faith and credit obligation by such government, which,
     in either case, are not callable or


                                       44

<PAGE>

     redeemable at the option of the issuer thereof and shall also include a
     depositary receipt issued by a bank (as defined in Section 3(a)(2) of the
     Securities Act) as custodian with respect to any Government Obligation
     where the relevant government is the United States of America or a specific
     payment of principal of or interest on any such Government Obligation held
     by such custodian for the account of the holder of such depositary receipt,
     provided that (except as required by law) such custodian is not authorized
     to make any deduction from the amount payable to the holder of such
     depository receipt from any amount received by the custodian in respect of
     such Government Obligation or the specific payment of principal of or
     interest on such Government Obligation evidenced by such depository
     receipt.

          (2) In the event of an election to have Section 1302 apply to any
     Securities or any series of Securities, as the case may be, the Company
     shall have delivered to the Trustee an opinion of Counsel stating that (x)
     the Company has received from, or there has been published by, the Internal
     Revenue Service a ruling, or (y) since the date of this Indenture there has
     been a change in the applicable Federal income tax law, in either case to
     the effect that, and based thereon such opinion shall confirm that, the
     Holders of the Outstanding Securities of such series will not recognize
     gain or loss for Federal income tax purposes as a result of such deposit,
     defeasance and discharge and will be subject to Federal income tax on the
     same amount, in the same manner and at the same times as would have been
     the case if such deposit, defeasance and discharge had not occurred.

          (3) In the event of an election to have Section 1303 apply to any
     Securities or any series of Securities, as the case may be, the Company
     shall have delivered to the Trustee an Opinion of Counsel to the effect the
     that Holders of the Outstanding Securities of such series will not
     recognize gain or loss for Federal income tax purposes as a result of such
     deposit and covenant defeasance and will be subject to Federal income tax
     on the same amount, in the same manner and at the same times as would have
     been the case if such deposit and covenant defeasance had not occurred.

          (4) The Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officer's
     Certificate to the effect that the Securities of such series, if then
     listed on any securities exchange, will not be delisted as a result of such
     deposit.

          (5) No Event of Default or event which with notice or lapse of time or
     both would become an Event of Default with respect to the Securities of
     such series shall have occurred and be continuing on the date of such
     deposit or, insofar as subsections 501(6) and (7) are concerned, at any
     time during the period ending on the 90th day after the date of such
     deposit (it being understood that this condition shall not be deemed
     satisfied until the expiration of such period).

          (6) Such defeasance or covenant defeasance shall not cause the Trustee
     to have a conflicting interest as defined in Section 607 and for purposes
     of the Trust Indenture Act with respect to any securities of the Company.

          (7) Such defeasance or covenant defeasance shall not result in a
     breach or violation of, or constitute a default under, any other agreement
     or instrument to which the Company is a party or by which it is bound.

          (8) The Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officers'
     Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all conditions
     precedent provided for relating to either the defeasance under Section 1302
     or the covenant defeasance under Section 1303 (as the case may be) have
     been complied with.

          (9) Such defeasance or covenant defeasance shall not result in the
     trust arising from such deposit constituting an investment company as
     defined in the Investment Company Act, or such trust shall be qualified
     under such act or exempt from regulation thereunder.


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<PAGE>

          (10) At the time of such deposit, (A) no default in the payment of any
     principal of or premium or interest on any Senior Debt shall have occurred
     and be continuing, (B) no event of default with respect to any Senior Debt
     shall have resulted in such Senior Debt becoming, and continuing to be, due
     and payable prior to the date on which it would otherwise have become due
     and payable (unless payment of such Senior Debt has been made or duly
     provided for), and (C) no other event of default with respect to any Senior
     Debt shall have occurred and be continuing permitting (after notice or
     lapse of time or both) the holders of such Senior Debt (or a trustee on
     behalf of such holders) to declare such Senior Debt due and payable prior
     to the date on which it would otherwise have become due and payable.

SECTION 1305. Deposited Money and Government Obligations to be Held in Trust;
Other Miscellaneous Provisions.

     Subject to the provisions of the last paragraph of Section 1003, all money
and Government Obligations (including the proceeds thereof) deposited with the
Trustee (or other qualifying trustee (solely for purposes of this Section and
Section 1306, the Trustee and any such other trustee are referred to
collectively, for purposes of this Section 1305, as the "Trustee") pursuant to
Section 1304 in respect of the Securities of such series shall be held in trust
and applied by the Trustee, in accordance with the provisions of such Securities
of such series and this Indenture, to the payment, either directly or through
any Paying Agent (including the Company acting as its own Paying Agent) as the
Trustee may determine, to the Holders of the Securities of such series, of all
sums due and to become due thereon in respect of principal (and premium, if any)
and interest, but such money need not be segregated from other funds except to
the extent required by law.

     The Company shall pay and indemnify the Trustee against any tax, fee or
other charge imposed on or assessed against the Government Obligations deposited
pursuant to Section 1304 or the principal and interest received in respect
thereof other than any such tax, fee or other charge which by law is for the
account of the Holders of the Outstanding Securities.

     Anything in this Article Thirteen to the contrary notwithstanding, the
Trustee shall deliver or pay to the Company from time to time upon Company
Request any money or Government Obligations held by it as provided in Section
1304 which, in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of independent public
accountants expressed in a written certification thereof delivered to the
Trustee, are in excess of the amount thereof which would then be required to be
deposited to effect an equivalent defeasance or covenant defeasance.

SECTION 1306. Reinstatement.

     If the Trustee or the Paying Agent is unable to apply any money in
accordance with Section 1302 or 1303 by reason of any order or judgment of any
court or governmental authority enjoining, restraining or otherwise prohibiting
such application, then the Company's obligations under this Indenture and the
Securities of such series shall be revived and reinstated as though no deposit
had occurred pursuant to this Article Thirteen until such time as the Trustee or
Paying Agent is permitted to apply all such money in accordance with Section
1302 or 1303; provided, however, that if the Company makes any payment of
principal of (and premium, if any) or interest on any Security following the
reinstatement of its obligations, the Company shall be subrogated to the rights
of the Holders of the Securities of such series to receive such payment from the
money held by the Trustee or the Paying Agent.

                                   ARTICLE XIV

                           SUBORDINATION OF SECURITIES

SECTION 1401. Securities Subordinate to Senior Debt.

     The Company covenants and agrees, and each Holder of Securities of any
series by the Holder's acceptance thereof, likewise covenants and agrees, that,
to the extent and in the manner hereinafter set forth in this Article, subject
to the provisions of Article Four and Article Thirteen and except as may
otherwise


                                       46

<PAGE>

be specified as contemplated by Section 301 and set forth in the Securities of a
series, the indebtedness represented by the Securities of such series and the
payment of the principal of and any premium and interest on each and all of the
Securities of such series are hereby expressly made subordinate and junior in
right of payment to the prior payment in full of all amounts then due and
payable in respect of all Senior Debt of the Company, to the extent and in the
manner herein set forth (unless a different manner is set forth in the
Securities of such series). No provision of this Article shall prevent the
occurrence of any default or Event of Default hereunder.

     Senior Debt shall not be deemed to have been paid in full unless the
holders thereof shall have received cash, securities or other property equal to
the amount of such Senior Debt then outstanding.

SECTION 1402. Payment Over of Proceeds Upon Dissolution, Etc.

     In the event of:

                    (i) any insolvency, bankruptcy, receivership, liquidation,
          reorganization, readjustment, composition or other similar proceeding
          relating to the Company, its creditors or its property,

                    (ii) any proceeding for the liquidation, dissolution or
          other winding up of the Company, whether voluntary or involuntary, or
          bankruptcy proceedings,

                    (iii) any assignment by the Company for the benefit of its
          creditors,

                    (iv) any other marshalling of the assets of the Company,

all Senior Debt shall first be paid in full before any payment or distribution,
whether in cash, securities or other property, shall be made by the Company on
account of the Securities of any series. Any payment or distribution, whether in
cash, securities or other property (other than securities of the Company or any
other corporation provided for by a plan or reorganization or a readjustment,
the payment of which is subordinate, at least to the extent provided in these
subordination provisions with respect to the indebtedness evidenced by the
Securities of any series, to the payment of all Senior Debt at the time
outstanding and to any securities issued in respect thereof under any such plan
of reorganization or readjustment), which would otherwise (but for these
subordination provisions) be payable or deliverable in respect to the Securities
of any series shall be paid or delivered directly to the holders of Senior Debt
in accordance with the priorities then existing among such holders until all
Senior Debt shall have been paid in full. No present or future holder of any
Senior Debt shall be prejudiced in the right to enforce subordination of the
indebtedness constituting the Securities of any series by any act or failure to
act on the part of the Company.

SECTION 1403. Subrogation to Rights of Holders of Senior Debt.

     Upon the payment in full of all Senior Debt, the rights of the holders of
Securities of any series shall be subrogated to all the rights of any holders of
Senior Debt to receive any further payments or distributions applicable to the
Senior Debt until the Securities of any series shall have been paid in full, and
such payments or distributions received by the Holders of Securities of any
series by reason of such subrogation, of cash, securities or other property
which otherwise would be paid or distributed to the holders of Senior Debt,
shall, as between the Company and its creditors other than the holders of Senior
Debt, on the one hand, and the Holders of Securities of any series, on the
other, be deemed to be a payment by the Company on account of Senior Debt, and
not on account of the Securities of any series.

SECTION 1404. Provisions Solely to Define Relative Rights.

     The provisions of this Article are and are intended solely for the purpose
of defining the relative rights of the Holders of Securities of any series on
the one hand and the holders of Senior Debt on the other


                                       47

<PAGE>

hand. Nothing contained in this article or elsewhere in the Indenture or in the
Securities of such series is intended to or shall

          (a) impair, as among the Company, its creditors other than holders of
Senior Debt and the Holders of Securities of such series, the obligation of the
Company, which is absolute and unconditional (and which, subject to the rights
under this Article of the holders of Senior Debt, is intended to rank equally
with all other general obligations of the Company), to pay to the Holders of
Securities of such series the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest
on, the Securities of such series as and when the same shall become due and
payable in accordance with their terms; or

          (b) affect the relative rights against the Company of the Holders of
Securities of such series and creditors of the Company, as the case may be,
other than the holders of Senior Debt; or

          (c) prevent the Trustee or the Holder of any Securities of such series
from exercising all remedies otherwise permitted by applicable law upon default
under this Indenture, subject to the rights, if any, under this Article of the
holders of Senior Debt to receive cash, property and securities otherwise
payable or deliverable to the Trustee or such Holder.

SECTION 1405. Trustee to Effectuate Subordination.

     Each Holder of Securities of any series by such Holder's acceptance thereof
authorizes and directs the Trustee on such Holder's behalf to take such action
as may be necessary or appropriate to effectuate the subordination provided in
this Article and appoints the Trustee his attorney-in-fact for any and all such
purposes.

SECTION 1406. No Waiver of Subordination Provisions.

     No right of any present or future holder of any Senior Debt to enforce
subordination as herein provided shall at any time in any way be prejudiced or
impaired by any act or failure to act on the part of the Company or by any act
or failure to act, in good faith, by any such holder, or by any noncompliance by
the Company with the terms, provisions and covenants of this Indenture,
regardless of any knowledge thereof any such holder may have or be otherwise
charged with.

     Without in any way limiting the generality of the foregoing paragraph, the
holders of Senior Debt may, at any time and from time to time, without the
consent of or notice to the Trustee or the Holders of the Securities of any
series, without incurring responsibility to the Holders of the Securities of
such series and without impairing or releasing the subordination provided in
this Article or the obligations hereunder of the Holders of Securities of such
series to the holders of Senior Debt, do any one or more of the following:

          (a) change the manner, place or terms of payment or extend the time of
payment of, or renew or alter, Senior Debt, or otherwise amend or supplement in
any manner Senior Debt or any instrument evidencing the same or any agreement
under which Senior Debt is outstanding;

          (b) sell, exchange, release or otherwise deal with any property
pledged, mortgaged or otherwise securing Senior Debt;

          (c) release any Person liable in any manner for the collection of
Senior Debt; and

          (d) exercise or refrain from exercising any rights against the Company
and any other Person.

SECTION 1407. Notice to Trustee.

     The Company shall give prompt written notice to the Trustee of any fact
known to the Company which would prohibit the making of any payment to or by the
Trustee in respect of the Securities of any series pursuant to the provisions of
this Article. Notwithstanding the provisions of this Article or any other
provision of the Indenture, the Trustee shall not be charged with knowledge of
the existence of any facts which would prohibit the making of any payment to or
by the Trustee in respect of any Securities of any


                                       48

<PAGE>

series pursuant to the provisions of this Article, unless and until the Trustee
shall have received written notice thereof from the Company or a holder or
holders of Senior Debt or from any trustee therefor; and, prior to the receipt
of any such written notice, the Trustee, subject to the provisions of Section
603, shall be entitled in all respects to assume that no such facts exist;
provided, however, that if the Trustee shall not have received the notice
provided for in this Section at least two Business Days prior to the date upon
which by the terms hereof any money may become payable for any purpose
(including, without limitation, the payment of the principal of (or premium, if
any) or interest on any Securities of any series), then, anything herein
contained to the contrary notwithstanding, the Trustee shall have full power and
authority to receive such moneys and to apply the same to the purpose for which
they were received and shall not be affected by any notice to the contrary that
may be received by it within two Business Days prior to such date.

     Subject to the provisions of Section 603, the Trustee shall be entitled to
rely on the delivery to it of a written notice by a Person representing himself
to be a holder of Senior Debt (or a trustee therefor) to establish that such
notice has been given by a holder of Senior Debt (or a trustee therefor). In the
event that the Trustee determines in good faith that further evidence is
required with respect to the right of any Person as a holder of Senior Debt to
participate in any payment of distribution pursuant to this Article, the Trustee
may request such Person to furnish evidence to the reasonable satisfaction of
the Trustee as to the amount of Senior Debt held by such Person, the extent to
which such Person is entitled to participate in such payment or distribution and
any other facts pertinent to the rights of such Person under this Article, and
if such evidence is not furnished, the Trustee may defer any payment to such
Person pending judicial determination as to the right of such Person to receive
such payment.

SECTION 1408. Reliance On Judicial Order or Certificate of Liquidating Agent.

     Upon any payment or distribution of assets of the Company referred to in
this Article, the Trustee, subject to the provisions of Section 603, and the
Holders of Securities of any series shall be entitled to conclusively rely upon
any order or decree entered by any court of competent jurisdiction in which such
insolvency, bankruptcy, receivership, liquidation, reorganization, dissolution
winding up or similar case or proceeding is pending, or a certificate of the
trustee in bankruptcy, receiver, liquidating trustee, custodian, assignee for
the benefit of creditors, agent or other Person making such payment or
distribution, delivered to the Trustee or to the Holders of Securities of such
series, for the purpose of ascertaining the Persons entitled to participate in
such payment or distribution, the holders of the Senior Debt and other
indebtedness of the Company, as the case may be, the amount thereof or payable
thereon, the amount or amounts paid or distributed thereon and all other facts
pertinent thereto or to this Article.

SECTION 1409. Trustee Not Fiduciary for Holders of Senior Debt.

     With respect to the holders of Senior Debt, the Trustee undertakes to
perform or to observe only such of its covenants and obligations as are
specifically set forth in this Article, and no implied covenants or obligations
with respect to the holders of such Senior Debt shall be read into this
Indenture against the Trustee. The Trustee shall not be deemed to owe any
fiduciary duty to the holders of Senior Debt with respect to its obligations and
duties created hereunder and shall not be liable to any such holders or
creditors if it shall in good faith pay over or distribute to Holders of
Securities of any series or to the Company or to any other Person cash, property
or securities to which any holders of Senior Debt shall be entitled by virtue of
this Article or otherwise.

SECTION 1410. Rights of Trustee As Holder of Senior Debt; Preservation of
Trustee's Rights.

     The Trustee in its individual capacity shall be entitled to all the rights
set forth in this Article with respect to any Senior Debt which may at any time
be held by it, to the same extent as any other holder of Senior Debt, and
nothing in the Indenture shall deprive the Trustee of any of its rights as such
holder.

     Nothing in this Article shall apply to claims of, or payments to, the
Trustee under or pursuant to Section 607.


                                       49

<PAGE>

SECTION 1411. Article Applicable to Paying Agents.

     In case at any time any Paying Agent other than the Trustee shall have been
appointed by the Company and be then acting hereunder, the term "Trustee" as
used in this Article shall in such case (unless the context otherwise requires)
be construed as extending to and including such Paying Agent within its meaning
as fully for all intents and purposes as if such Paying Agent were named in this
Article in addition to or in place of the Trustee; provided, however, that this
Section shall not apply to the Company or any Affiliate of the Company if it or
such Affiliate acts as Paying Agent.

SECTION 1412. Certain Conversions or Exchanges Deemed Payment.

     For the purposes of this Article only, (a) the issuance and delivery of
securities which are subordinate in right of payment to all then outstanding
Senior Debt to substantially the same extent as the Securities are so
subordinate ("Junior Securities") (or cash paid in lieu of fractional shares)
upon conversion or exchange of Securities of any series as contemplated by
Section 301, shall not be deemed to constitute a payment or distribution on
account of the principal of or premium or interest on Securities of such series
or on account of the purchase or other acquisition of Securities of such series
and (b) the payment, issuance or delivery of cash, property or securities (other
than Junior Securities and cash paid in lieu of fractional shares) upon
conversion or exchange of Securities of any series shall be deemed to constitute
payment on account of the principal of such Securities of such series. Nothing
contained in this Article or elsewhere in the Indenture or in the Securities of
any series is intended to or shall impair, as among the Company, its creditors
other than holders of Senior Debt and the Holders of Securities of such series
the right, which is absolute and unconditional, of the Holder of any Securities
of such series to convert or exchange such Securities of such series in
accordance with the terms specified as contemplated by Section 301.

SECTION 1413. Defeasance of This Article Fourteen.

     The subordination of the Securities provided by this Article Fourteen is
expressly made subject to the provisions for defeasance or covenant defeasance
in Article Thirteen hereof and, anything herein to the contrary notwithstanding,
upon the effectiveness of any such defeasance or covenant defeasance, the
Securities than outstanding shall thereupon cease to be subordinated pursuant to
this Article Fourteen.

                                   ARTICLE XV

                        MEETING OF HOLDERS OF SECURITIES

SECTION 1501. Purposes for which Meetings may be Called.

     A meeting of Holders of Securities of any or all series of Securities may
be called at any time and from time to time pursuant to this Article to make,
give or take any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent,
waiver or other action provided by this Indenture to be made, given to taken by
Holders of Securities of such series.

SECTION 1502. Call, Notice and Place of Meetings.

          (a) The Trustee may at any time call a meeting of Holders of
Securities of any series for any purposes specified in Section 1501, to be held
at any such time and at such place in the Borough of Manhattan, the City of New
York, or in London as the Trustee shall determine. Notice of every meeting of
Holders of Securities of any series, setting forth the time and the place of
such meeting and in general terms the action proposed to be taken at such
meeting, shall be given, in the manner provided in Section 106, not less than 21
nor more than 180 days prior to the date fixed for the meeting.

          (b) In case at any time the Company, pursuant to a Board Resolution,
or the Holders of at least 10% in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities
of any series shall have requested the Trustee to call a meeting of the Holders
of Securities of such series for any purpose specified in Section 1501, by
written request setting forth in reasonable detail the action proposed to be
taken at the meeting,


                                       50

<PAGE>

and the Trustee shall not have made the first publication of the notice of such
meeting within 21 days after receipt of such request or shall not thereafter
proceed to cause the meeting to be held as provided herein, then the Company or
the Holders of Securities of such series in the amount above specified, as the
case may be, may determine the time and the place in the Borough of Manhattan,
the City of New York, or in London for such meeting and may call such meeting
for such purposes by giving notice thereof as provided in subsection (a) of this
Section.

SECTION 1503. Persons entitled to Vote at Meetings.

     Upon the calling of a meeting of Holders with respect to the Securities of
a series all or part of which are represented by a Security, a record date shall
be established for determining Holders of Outstanding Securities of such series
entitled to vote at such meeting, which record date shall be the close of
business on the day the notice of the meeting of Holders is given in accordance
with Section 1502. The Holders on such record date, and their designated
proxies, and only such Persons, shall be entitled to vote at such meeting of
Holders. To be entitled to vote at any meeting of Holders, a Person shall (a) be
a Holder of one or more Securities or (b) be a Person appointed by an instrument
in writing as proxy by a Holder of one or more Securities; provided, however,
that in the case of any meeting of Holders with respect to the Securities of a
series all or part of which are represented by a Security, only Holders, or
their designated proxies, of record on the record date established pursuant to
Section 1503 hereof shall be entitled to vote at such meeting. The only Persons
who shall be entitled to be present or to speak at any meeting of Holders shall
be the Persons entitled to vote at such meeting and their counsel and any
representatives of the Trustee and its counsel and any representatives of the
Company and its counsel.

SECTION 1504. Quorum; Action.

     The Persons entitled to vote a majority in principal amount of the
Outstanding Securities of a series shall constitute a quorum for a meeting of
Holders of Securities of such series; provided, however, that if any action is
to be taken at such meeting with respect to a consent or waiver which this
Indenture expressly provides may be given by the Holders of not less than 50% in
principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of a series, the Persons entitled
to vote 50% in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of such series
shall constitute a quorum. In the absence of a quorum within 30 minutes of the
time appointed for any such meeting, the meeting shall, if convened at the
request of Holders of Securities of such series, be dissolved. In any other case
the meeting may be adjourned for a period of not less than 10 days as determined
by the chairman of the meeting prior to the adjournment of such meeting. In the
absence of a quorum at any such adjourned meeting, such adjourned meeting may be
further adjourned for a period of not less than 10 days as determined by the
chairman of the meeting prior to the adjournment of such adjourned meeting.
Notice of the reconvening of any adjourned meeting shall be given as provided in
Section 1502(a), except that such notice need be given only once not less than
five days prior to the date on which the meeting is scheduled to be reconvened.
Notice of the reconvening of an adjourned meeting shall state expressly the
percentage, as provided above, of the principal amount of the Outstanding
Securities of such series which shall constitute a quorum.

     Except as limited by the proviso to the first paragraph of Section 902, any
resolution presented to a meeting or adjourned meeting duly reconvened at which
a quorum is present as aforesaid may be adopted by the affirmative vote of the
Holders of a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of that
series; provided, however, that, except as limited by the proviso to the first
paragraph of Section 902, any resolution with respect to any consent or waiver
which this Indenture expressly provides may be given by the Holders of not less
than 50% in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of a series may be
adopted at a meeting or an adjourned meeting duly convened and at which a quorum
is present as aforesaid only by the affirmative vote of the Holders of 50% in
principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of that series; and provided,
further, that, except as limited by the proviso to the first paragraph of
Section 902, any resolution with respect to any request, demand, authorization,
direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action which this Indenture
expressly provides may be made, given or taken by the Holders of a specified
percentage, which is less than a majority, in principal amount of the
Outstanding Securities of a series may be adopted at a meeting or any adjourned
meeting duly reconvened and at which a quorum is present as aforesaid by the
affirmative vote of the Holders of such specified percentage in principal amount
of the Outstanding Securities of that series.


                                       51

<PAGE>

     Any resolution passed or decision taken at any meeting of Holders of
Securities of any series duly held in accordance with this Section shall be
binding on all the Holders of Securities of such series and the related coupons,
whether or not present or represented at the meeting.

SECTION 1505. Determination of Voting Rights; Conduct and Adjournment of
Meetings.

          (a) Notwithstanding any other provisions of this Indenture, the
Trustee may make such reasonable regulations as it may deem advisable for any
meeting of Holders of Securities of a series in regard to proof of the holding
of Securities of such series and of the appointment of proxies and in regard to
the appointment and duties of inspectors of votes, the submission and
examination of proxies, certificates and other evidence of the right to vote,
and such other matters concerning the conduct of the meeting as it shall deem
appropriate. Except as otherwise permitted or required by any such regulations,
the holding of Securities shall be proved in the manner specified in Section 104
and the appointment of any proxy shall be proved in the manner specified in
Section 104 or by having the signature of the person executing the proxy
witnessed or guaranteed by any trust company, bank or banker authorized by
Section 104. Such regulations may provide that written instruments appointing
proxies, regular on their face, may be presumed valid and genuine without the
proof specified in Section 104 or other proof.

          (b) The Trustee shall, by an instrument in writing, appoint a
temporary chairman of the meeting, unless the meeting shall have been called by
the Company or by Holders of Securities as provided in Section 1502(b), in which
case the Company or the Holders of Securities of the series calling the meeting,
as the case may be, shall in like manner appoint a temporary chairman. A
permanent chairman and a permanent secretary of the meeting shall be elected by
vote of the Persons entitled to vote a majority in principal amount of the
Outstanding Securities of such series represented at the meeting.

          (c) At any meeting, each Holder of a Security of such series or proxy
shall be entitled to one vote for each $1,000 principal amount of the
Outstanding Securities of such series held or represented by him; provided,
however, that no vote shall be cast or counted at any meeting in respect of any
Security challenged as not Outstanding and ruled by the chairman of the meeting
to be not Outstanding. The chairman of the meeting shall have no right to vote,
except as a Holder of a Security of such series or proxy.

          (d) Any meeting of Holders of Securities of any series duly called
pursuant to Section 1502 at which a quorum is present may be adjourned from time
to time by Persons entitled to vote a majority in principal amount of the
Outstanding Securities of such series represented at the meeting; and the
meeting may be held as so adjourned without further notice.

SECTION 1506. Counting Votes and Recording Action of Meetings.

     The vote upon any resolution submitted to any meeting of Holders of
Securities of any series shall be by written ballots on which shall be
subscribed the signatures of the Holders of Securities of such series or of
their representatives by proxy and the principal amounts and serial numbers of
the Outstanding Securities of such series held or represented by them. The
permanent chairman of the meeting shall appoint two inspectors of votes who
shall count all votes cast at the meeting for or against any resolution and who
shall make and file with the secretary of the meeting their verified written
reports in duplicate of all votes cast at the meeting. A record, at least in
duplicate, of the proceedings of each meeting of Holders of Securities of any
series shall be prepared by the secretary of the meeting and there shall be
attached to said record the original reports of the inspectors of votes on any
vote by ballot taken thereat and affidavits by one or more persons having
knowledge of the facts setting forth a copy of the notice of the meeting and
showing that said notice was given as provided in Section 1502 and, if
applicable, Section 1504. Each copy shall be signed and verified by the
affidavits of the permanent chairman and secretary of the meeting and one such
copy shall be delivered to the Company, and another to the Trustee to be
preserved by the Trustee, the latter to have attached thereto the ballots voted
at the meeting. Any record so signed and verified shall be conclusive evidence
of the matters therein stated.


                                       52

<PAGE>

     This instrument may be executed in any number of counterparts, each of
which so executed shall be deemed to be an original, but all such counterparts
shall together constitute but one and the same instrument.

     IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Indenture to be
duly executed, all as of the day and year first above written.

                                        ARBOR REALTY TRUST, INC.


                                        By:
                                            ------------------------------------
                                        Name:
                                              ----------------------------------
                                        Title:
                                               ---------------------------------


                                        THE BANK OF NEW YORK


                                        By:
                                            ------------------------------------
                                        Name:
                                              ----------------------------------
                                        Title:
                                               ---------------------------------


                                       53

<PAGE>

                                    EXHIBIT A

                       FORM OF FACE OF REGISTERED SECURITY

                       ___________________________________

          _____________________________________________________________

No. _________________                                         $_________________

Arbor Realty Trust, Inc., a corporation duly organized and existing under the
laws of Maryland (herein called the "Company," which term includes any successor
Person under the Indenture hereinafter referred to), for value received, hereby
promises to pay to __________________, or registered assigns, the principal sum
of __________________ Dollars on _____________________. The interest so payable,
and punctually paid or duly provided for, on any Interest Payment Date will, as
provided in such Indenture, be paid to the Person in whose name this Security
(or one or more Predecessor Securities) is registered at the close of business
on the Regular Record Date for such interest, which shall be the _________ or
_________ (whether or not a Business Day), as the case may be, next preceding
such Interest Payment Date. Any such interest not so punctually paid or duly
provided for will forthwith cease to be payable to the Holder on such Regular
Record Date and may either be paid to the Person in whose name this Security (or
one or more Predecessor Securities) is registered at the close of business on a
Special Record Date for the payment of such Defaulted Interest to be fixed by
the Trustee, notice whereof shall be given to Holders of Securities of this
series not less than 10 days prior to such Special Record Date, or be paid at
any time in any other lawful manner not inconsistent with the requirements of
any securities exchange on which the Securities of this series may be listed,
and upon such notice as may be required by such exchange, all as more fully
provided in said Indenture].

[If the Security is not to bear interest prior to Maturity, insert -- The
principal of this Security shall not bear interest except in the case of a
default in payment of principal upon acceleration, upon redemption or at Stated
Maturity and in such case the overdue principal and any overdue premium shall
bear interest at the rate of _____% per annum (to the extent that the payment of
such interest shall be legally enforceable), from the dates such amounts are due
until they are paid or made available for payment. Interest on any overdue
principal or premium shall be payable on demand.

     Payment of the principal of (and premium, if any) and any such interest on
this Security will be made at the office or agency of the Company maintained for
that purpose in _________, in such coin or currency of the United States of
America as at the time of payment is legal tender for payment of public and
private debts; provided, however, that at the option of the Company payment of
interest may be made by check mailed to the address of the Person entitled
thereto as such address shall appear in the Security Register.

     Reference is hereby made to the further provisions of this Security set
forth on the reverse hereof, which further provisions shall for all purposes
have the same effect as if set forth at this place.

     Unless the certificate of authentication hereof has been executed by the
Trustee referred to on the reverse hereof by manual signature, this Security
shall not be entitled to any benefit under the Indenture or be valid or
obligatory for any purpose.


                                       54

<PAGE>

     IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Company has caused this instrument to be duly
executed.

Dated:
       ---------------


                                        ----------------------------------------


                                        By:
                                            ------------------------------------
                                        Name:
                                              ----------------------------------
                                        Title:
                                               ---------------------------------


                                       55

<PAGE>

                                   EXHIBIT A1

                           FORM OF REVERSE OF SECURITY

This Security is one of a duly authorized issue of securities of the Company
(herein called the "Securities"), issued and to be issued in one or more series
under an Indenture, dated as of ___________, 2007 (herein called the
"Indenture," which term shall have the meaning assigned to it in such
instrument), between the Company and ___________, as Trustee (herein called the
"Trustee," which term includes any successor trustee under the Indenture), and
reference is hereby made to the Indenture for a statement of the respective
rights, limitations of rights, duties and immunities thereunder of the Company,
the Trustee[, the holders of Senior Debt] and the Holders of the Securities and
of the terms upon which the Securities are, and are to be, authenticated and
delivered. [This Security is one of the series designated on the face hereof,
limited in aggregate principal amount to $____________.]

[If applicable, insert -- The Securities of this series are subject to
redemption upon not less than 30 days' notice by mail, [if applicable, insert --
(1) on _______________ in any year commencing with the year _____________ and
ending with the year _____________ through operation of the sinking fund for
this series at a Redemption Price equal to 100% of the principal amount, and
(2)] at any time [if applicable, insert -- (1) on or after ______________,
20__], as a whole or in part, at the election of the Company, at the following
Redemption Prices (expressed as percentages of the principal amount): If
redeemed [if applicable, insert -- on or before _________________%, and if
redeemed] during the 12-month period beginning ______________ of the years
indicated,

<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
       Redemption          Redemption
Year      Price     Year      Price
----   ----------   ----   ----------
<S>    <C>          <C>    <C>

</TABLE>

and thereafter at a Redemption Price equal to ________% of the principal amount,
together in the case of any such redemption [if applicable, insert -- (whether
through operation of the sinking fund or otherwise)] with accrued interest to
the Redemption Date, but interest installments whose Stated Maturity is on or
prior to such Redemption Date will be payable to the Holders of such Securities,
or one or more Predecessor Securities, of record at the close of business on the
relevant Record Dates referred to on the face hereof, all as provided in the
Indenture.]

[If applicable, insert -- The Securities of this series are subject to
redemption upon not less than 30 days' notice by mail, (1) on ______________ in
any year commencing with the year ____________ and ending with the year
__________ through operation of the sinking fund for this series at the
Redemption Prices for redemption through operation of the sinking fund
(expressed as percentages of the principal amount) set forth in the table below,
and (2) at any time [if applicable, insert -- on or after ______________], as a
whole or in part, at the election of the Company, at the Redemption Prices for
redemption otherwise than through operation of the sinking fund (expressed as
percentages of the principal amount) set forth in the table below: If redeemed
during the 12-month period beginning _____________ of the years indicated,

<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
                                             Redemption Price For
        Redemption Price For Redemption   Redemption Otherwise Than
       Through Operation of the Sinking   Through Operation of the
Year                 Fund                        Sinking Fund
----   --------------------------------   -------------------------
<S>    <C>                                <C>

</TABLE>


                                       56

<PAGE>

and thereafter at a Redemption Price equal to _____________% of the principal
amount, together in the case of any such redemption (whether through operation
of the sinking fund or otherwise) with accrued interest to the Redemption Date,
but interest installments whose Stated Maturity is on or prior to such
Redemption Date will be payable to the Holders of such Securities, or one or
more Predecessor Securities, of record at the close of business on the relevant
Record Dates referred to on the face hereof, all as provided in the Indenture.]

     [If applicable, insert -- Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Company may
not, prior to __________________ redeem any Securities of this series as
contemplated by [if applicable, insert -- Clause (2) of] the preceding paragraph
as a part of, or in anticipation of, any refunding operation by the application,
directly or indirectly, of moneys borrowed having an interest cost to the
Company (calculated in accordance with generally accepted financial practice) of
less than __________% per annum.]

     [If applicable, insert -- The sinking fund for this series provides for the
redemption on ___________________ in each year beginning with the year
___________ and ending with the year _______ of [if applicable, insert -- not
less than $_________ ("mandatory sinking fund") and not more than] $___________
aggregate principal amount of Securities of this series. Securities of this
series acquired or redeemed by the Company otherwise than through [if
applicable, insert -- mandatory] sinking fund payments may be credited against
subsequent [if applicable, insert -- mandatory] sinking fund payments otherwise
required to be made [if applicable, insert --, in the inverse order in which
they become due].]

     [If the Security is subject to redemption of any kind, insert -- In the
event of redemption of this Security in part only, a new Security or Securities
of this series and of like tenor for the unredeemed portion hereof will be
issued in the name of the Holder hereof upon the cancellation hereof.]

[The indebtedness evidenced by this Security is, to the extent provided in the
Indenture, subordinate and junior in right of payment to the prior payment in
full of all Senior Debt, and this Security is issued subject to the provisions
of the Indenture with respect thereto. Each Holder of this Security, by
accepting the same, (a) agrees to and shall be bound by such provisions of the
Indenture, (b) authorizes and directs the Trustee on his or her behalf to take
such action as may be necessary or appropriate to acknowledge or effectuate the
subordination so provided and (c) appoints the Trustee his or her
attorney-in-fact for any and all such purposes. Each Holder hereof, by his or
her acceptance hereof, hereby waives all notice of the acceptance of the
subordination provisions contained herein and in the Indenture by each holder of
Senior Debt, whether now outstanding or hereafter incurred, and waives reliance
by each such Holder upon said provisions.

     [If applicable, insert -- The Securities shall [not be superior in right of
payment to, and shall] rank pari passu with[,] -- insert description of existing
debt of the Company that is intended to rank on a parity with the Securities.]

     [If applicable, insert -- The Indenture contains provisions for defeasance
at any time of [the entire indebtedness of this Security] [or] [certain
restrictive covenants and Events of Default with respect to this Security] [, in
each case] upon compliance with certain conditions set forth in the Indenture.]

     [If the Security is not an Original Issue Discount Security, insert -- If
an Event of Default with respect to Securities of this series shall occur and be
continuing, the principal of the Securities of this series may be declared due
and payable in the manner and with the effect provided in the Indenture.]

     [If the Security is an Original Issue Discount Security, insert -- If an
Event of Default with respect to Securities of this series shall occur and be
continuing, an amount of principal of the Securities of this series may be
declared due and payable in the manner and with the effect provided in the
Indenture. Such amount shall be equal to --insert formula for determining the
amount. Upon payment (i) of the amount of principal so declared due and payable
and (ii) of interest on any overdue principal, premium and interest (in each
case to the extent that the payment of such interest shall be legally
enforceable), all of the Company's obligations in respect of the payment of the
principal of and premium and interest, if any, on the Securities of this series
shall terminate.]


                                       57

<PAGE>

     The Indenture permits, with certain exceptions as therein provided, the
amendment thereof and the modification of the rights and obligations of the
Company and the rights of the Holders of the Securities of each series to be
affected under the Indenture at any time by the Company and the Trustee with the
consent of the Holders of 50% in principal amount of the Securities at the time
Outstanding of each series to be affected. The Indenture also contains
provisions permitting the Holders of specified percentages in principal amount
of the Securities of each series at the time Outstanding, on behalf of the
Holders of all Securities of such series, to waive compliance by the Company
with certain provisions of the Indenture and certain past defaults under the
Indenture and their consequences. Any such consent or waiver by the Holder of
this Security shall be conclusive and binding upon such Holder and upon all
future Holders of this Security and of any Security issued upon the registration
of transfer hereof or in exchange herefor or in lieu hereof, whether or not
notation of such consent or waiver is made upon this Security.

     As provided in and subject to the provisions of the Indenture, the Holder
of this Security shall not have the right to institute any proceeding with
respect to the Indenture or for the appointment of a receiver or trustee or for
any other remedy thereunder, unless such Holder shall have previously given the
Trustee written notice of a continuing Event of Default with respect to the
Securities of this series, the Holders of not less than 25% in principal amount
of the Securities of this series at the time Outstanding shall have made written
request to the Trustee to institute proceedings in respect of such Event of
Default as Trustee and offered the Trustee reasonable indemnity, and the Trustee
shall not have received from the Holders of a majority in principal amount of
Securities of this series at the time Outstanding a direction inconsistent with
such request, and shall have failed to institute any such proceeding, for 60
days after receipt of such notice, request and offer of indemnity. The foregoing
shall not apply to any suit instituted by the Holder of this Security for the
enforcement of any payment of principal hereof or any premium or interest hereon
on or after the respective due dates expressed herein.

     No reference herein to the Indenture and no provision of this Security or
of the Indenture shall alter or impair the obligation of the Company, which is
absolute and unconditional, to pay the principal of and any premium and interest
on this Security at the times, place and rate, and in the coin or currency,
herein prescribed.

     As provided in the Indenture and subject to certain limitations therein set
forth, the transfer of this Security is registrable in the Security Register,
upon surrender of this Security for registration of transfer at the office or
agency of the Company in any place where the principal of and any premium and
interest on this Security are payable, duly endorsed by, or accompanied by a
written instrument of transfer in form satisfactory to the Company and the
Security Registrar duly executed by, the Holder hereof or his attorney duly
authorized in writing, and thereupon one or more new Securities of this series
and of like tenor, of authorized denominations and for the same aggregate
principal amount, will be issued to the designated transferee or transferees.

     The Securities of this series are issuable only in registered form without
coupons in denominations of $__________ and any integral multiple thereof. As
provided in the Indenture and subject to certain limitations therein set forth,
Securities of this series are exchangeable for a like aggregate principal amount
of Securities of this series and of like tenor of a different authorized
denomination, as requested by the Holder surrendering the same.

     No service charge shall be made for any such registration of transfer or
exchange, but the Company may require payment of a sum sufficient to cover any
tax or other governmental charge payable in connection therewith.

     Prior to due presentment of this Security for registration of transfer, the
Company, the Trustee and any agent of the Company or the Trustee may treat the
Person in whose name this Security is registered as the owner hereof for all
purposes, whether or not this Security be overdue, and neither the Company, the
Trustee nor any such agent shall be affected by notice to the contrary.

     All terms used in this Security which are defined in the Indenture shall
have the meanings assigned to them in the Indenture.


                                       58

<PAGE>

     This Security shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the law
of the State of New York.


                                       59