Recent Foraminifera 

From the Gulf of Alaska 

And Southeastern Alaska 

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 573-A 

Recent F orarninifera 

From the Gulf of Alaska 

And Southeastern Alaska 

By RUTH TODD and DORIS LOW 

CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEONTOLOGY 

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 573-A 

A study resulting from a search for 

evidence that Pamplona Searidge is 

the foundered remnant of the I 8th 

century "P amplona Rock" 

UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1967 
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 

STEW ART L. UDALL, Secretary 

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

William T. Pecora, Director 

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office 

Washington, D.C. 20402 - Price 55 cents (paper cover) 
CONTENTS 

Page: Systematic descriptions-Continued Page Abstract___________________________________________ AI Calcareous imperforate families___________________ A18 

Introduction_______________________________________ 1 Miliolidae _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 

Description of faunas________________________________ 2 Oph thalmidiidae _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 

Analyses of samples_________________________________ 6 Calcareous perforate families_____________________ 21 

Gulf of Alaska__________________________________ 6 Lagenidae_________________________________ 21 

Sou the astern Alaska_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 Polymorphinidae _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 

Comparison with other assemblages___________________ 8 Buliminidae_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 

Recent age____ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 Discorbidae________________________________ 30 

Pleistocene or Pliocene age_______________________ 10 Rotaliidae _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 

Age of Pamplona Searidge samples____________________ 10 Elphidiidae_ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ __ __ _ _ __ _ ___ _ _ __ __ _ _ _ __ 33 

Conclusions________________________________________ 11 Anomalinidae _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 

Systematic descriptions______________________________ 12 Rupertiidae_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 

Arenaceous families_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 ~onionidae________________________________ 35 

Astror hizidae _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 Cassidulinidae__ _ _ _ _ _ __ __ __ _ _ _ __ _ __ __ _ __ _ ___ 36 

Rhizamminidae _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 Chilostomellidae _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 

Saccamminidae _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 Aragonitic family_______________________________ 38 

Hyperamminidae _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 Robertinidae_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 

Reophacidae_______________________________ 14 Planktonic families______________________________ 39 

Ammodiscidae _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 Globigerinidae______________________________ 39 

LUuolidae_________________________________ 14 Globorotaliidae _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 

Textulariidae _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 References cited____________________________________ 40 

Verne ulinidae ______________ -· _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 Index_____________________________________________ 43 

V alvulinidae _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 

Trochamminidae _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 

ILLUSTRATIONS 

PLATE 

FIGURE 

1. 

2. 

3. 

4. 

5. 

1. 

[Plates 1-5 follow index] 

Recent arenaceous Foraminifera from Alaska. 

Recent arenaceous and porcellaneous Foraminifera from Alaska. 

Recent Lagenidae, Polymorphinidae, and Buliminidae from Alaska. 

Recent Buliminidae, Elphidiidae, Discorbidae, and Rotaliidae from Alaska. 

Recent miscellaneous benthonic and planktonic Foraminifera from Alaska. 

Page 

Map of Gnlf of Alaska and southeastern Alaska showing location of dredged samples______ A3 

TABLES 

Page 

TABLE 1. List of stations and locality data for Foraminifera samples_____________ A2 

2. Distribution and abundance of Recent Foraminifera off Alaska_________ 4 

III 

CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEONTOLOGY 

RECENT FORAMINIFERA FROM THE GULF OF ALASKA AND SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA 

By RUTH ToDD and DoRIS Low 

ABSTRACT 

Pamplona Searidge is a northeast-trending submarine ridge, 

about 30 miles off the coast in the Gulf of Alaska, near the 

outer edge of the continental shelf. It now rises from surrounding depths of about 400 futhoms to within 68 fathoms of 

the surface and conceivably might have <been what 18th century 

Spanish and Russian explorers reported to be the dangerous 

rocky shoal, "Pamplona Rock." 

Three samples dredged between 85 and 100 fathoms from near 

the top of Pamplona Searidge contain rich assemblages of 

Foraminifera dominated by Gassidulina californica and a. tortuosa. Two samples were dredged from the sides ·of the searidge between 133 and 205 fathoms. The fauna of the shallower 

one-that between 133 and 148 fathoms--is similar to those on 

the summit, but the deeper sample is dominated by Goesel"!Ja 

{tin til. 

For comparison with the Foraminifera of the searidge, six 

samples from depths between 10 and 215 fathoms, dredged in 

the channels and bays of the fjordland of southeastern Alaska 

were also studied. These six S'amples reveal the faunal distinctiveness of the various fjordland localities as contrasted 

with the comparative uniformity of the open environment of the 

searidge samples in the Gulf of Alaska. 

Only two of the fjordland samples have dominating species, 

namely ElpllidielZa g-roenlandiea and Gassfdulina lirnbata at 

Excursion Inlet and Rotalia colurnbiensis at Gambier Bay. 

Elsewhere, each assemblage eontains a group of major constituents with supplementary minor ones. Some of these major 

constituents a're ReoplwJ· scot·piurus, Haplophragrnoides planissimus, Cribrostornoides vrassimargo, A_tmnotium cassis, Gaudryina arenaria, Egget·ella adrena, QuinquelocuUna akneriana, 

Globobulimina auriculata, Bolivina alata, Ut'i,qerina peregrina, 

A._ngu1ogerina {tttens, Rosalina ornatissima, Buccella frigida, 

Elphid-ium clavatum, E. frigidum, Cibieides lobatulus, Florilus 

labradoricus, Nm~;ionella zwlchella, P.•wudononion auriculmn. 

and Astrononion gallowayi. 

Altogether, 1-lO specit>s art> rt>cm·dt>d, and their distribution 

and abundance indicat~d. but about 8;) of them constitute a 

qnantit:atin•ly negligible part of the wholt> popul•ation of 

Foraminifera. l<'rom the total nf 1-!0 species, about 56 percent 

have previonl'!ly been reeordf:'d as inhabiting Arctic regions, and 

an additional 8 percent as inhabiting Antaretit· regions. Only 

36 perePnt have not been reported in eitht>r polar region. 

Comparisons are made with Recent l<'oramiuifera assemblages 

from elevated glacial sediment in ~outheastPrn Alaska, from 

dredged bottom 1-lediment in southern British Columbia, from 

the northwestern Pa('iti(', from Hhallow shelf water along the 

~\rctic coal-lt of f:'astPrn Hioeria. and from off the coast of Chile. 

In each of these places numerous species were found in common 

with the present assemblrages. 

Comparisons were also made with three probably Pleistocene 

or Pliocene occurrences : a submarine beach deposit near Nome, 

Amchitka Island in the Aleutians, and Middleton Island in the 

Gulf of Ala·ska west of the searidge. Here, too, similarities 

were found with the present assemblages. 

Search f.or evidence that Pamplona Searidge had formerly 

been at a higher elevation near sea level was fruitless, but 

at the same time the Foraminifera showed nothing that would 

rule out such an interpretation. 

INTRODUCTION 

Five bottom samples from Pamplona Searidge in the 

Gulf of Alaska and six samples from various localities 

in the fjords and bays of southeastern Alaska have 

yielded rich assemblages, consisting mostly of Recent 

smaller Foraminifera but undoubtedly including fossil 

specimens as minor elements. 

Study of the Foraminifera from Pamplona Searidge 

was made originally as a search for evidence that the 

searidge had, within the last 180 years, foundered from 

a near-surface elevation where it may have been the 

ancient "Bajo Pamplona" reported in 1779 and charted 

by the Spanish explorers as a dangerous rocky shoal 

(Jordan, 1958, p. 3-4, fig. 2). Pamplona Searidge is 

now a 15-mile long submarine ridge, trending approximately northeast at right angles to the coastline, beginning about 30 miles offshore at the outer edge of the 

continental shelf. Its minimum depth, a rocky submarine promontory at 68 fathoms, is found at its outer 

(southwest) end. 

Three dredgings on the top and one from each side 

of Pamplona Searidge (hereafter referred to as Pamplona 3, 4, 5, 7, and 8) were made by the U.S. Coast 

and Geodetic Survey Ship Pathfinder in 1958. In addition, six samples were obtained from various depths and 

localities in the inland waterways in southeastern 

Alaska and used for comparison with the five samples 

from the searidge. Two of the fjordland samples 

(I{asaan Bay and Clarence Strait) were also dredged 

by the Pathfinder,· the remaining four (Excursion InAl 
A2 CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEONTOLOGY 

let, Taku Harbor, Lynn Canal, and Gambier Bay) were 

obtained in 1958 by the late D. J. Miller of the U.S. Geological Survey. Figure 1 shows the geographic relationship of the two areas. Table 1 details ail the localities 

and bottom conditions and lists the USGS locality 

samples increased the total composite fauna by only 25 

percent to a total of 140 species. 

In the 11 samples taken together, a total of 137 species 

(including one subspecies) has been identified. Three 

more were left indeterminate. The benthonic part of 

TABLE 1.-List of stations and locality data for Foraminifera samples 

Station USGS locality 

Gulf of Alaska: 

Location Depth 

(fathoms) Type of sediment and conditions 

Pamplona 3 _______ f25949_---- Lat. 59°30.65' N.;long.142°36.40' W_ 95 Pebbly mud from trench on top of 

searidge. Pamplona 4 _______ f25950_---- Pamplona 5 _______ f2595L ____ Lat. 59°31' N.; long. 142°35.70' W __ Lat.59°32.65' N.; long.142°36.05' W_ 

85 Pebbly mud from top of searidge. 

Mixed sand and clay with few pebbles 

from west slope of searidge. 

205 

Pamplona 7 _______ f25952_---- Lat. 59°31.50' N.;long.142°35.45' W_ 100 Pebbly mud from trench on top of 

searidge. Pamplona 8 _______ f25953_---- Lat. 59°31.80' N.; long.142°35.00' W_ 133-148 Muddy sand with pebbles and cobbles 

Clarence Strait ________ f25954_---- Lat. 55°21.3' N.; long. 131 °57.5' W __ Kasaan Bay ___________ f25955_---- Lat. 55°26' N.; long. 132°14.2' W ___ 215 

from east slope of searidge. 

Silty clay (ooze). 

47-57 Pebbly mud. 

Excursion Inlet ________ f25956_---- West arm, 400ft off west shore; 0.9 25 Sandy mud; water turbid from glacial 

mile N. 60° W. of point between streams. 

two arms. Taku Harbor __________ f25957--- -- About 3,500 ft N. 42° E. of 117~ Sand; strong tidal current at surface. 

Stockade Point. Lynn CanaL __________ f25958_---- West shore, ± 1, 000 ft offshore, 10% Silty clay. 

2.90 miles N. 53° W. of south 

end of Sullivan Island. Gambier Bay __________ f25959_---- Channel between Church Point 10 Coarse sand (partly inside shells of 

dead mollusks and brachiopods) ; 

very strong tidal currents. 

and south end of island to north. 

numbers assigned to the samples of Foraminifera. The 

samples obtained from the top and sides of the searidge 

come from depths between 85 and 205 fathoms; those 

from the southeastern Alaska fjordlands from depths 

between 10 and 215 fathoms. 

Acknozoledg1nents.-We mve our thanks to Don J. 

Miller, who provided us with the material that forms 

the basis of this report, as well as other material used 

for comparison. We are indebted for assistance of various kinds received from many colleagues, chiefly F. L. 

Parker and Erk Reimnitz of Scripps Institution of 

Oceanography. 

DESCRIPTION OF FAUNAS 

The searidge samples are the richest; 112 species were 

identified from the 5 samples taken in the Gulf of 

Alaska, whereas only 91 were identified from the 6 

fjordland samples. More than one-half (56 percent) 

of the gulf species are known also in the fjordland. 

The 28 additional species in the 6 additional fjordland 

this population accounts for 133 species, and the planktonic for 7. 

From the entire 140 species, 85 (almost 60 percent) 

1nay be eliminated from consideration in this analysis 

because they constitute a quantitatively negligible part 

of the whole. The remaining 55 species (53 benthonic 

and 2 planktonic) are estimated to constitute between 

90 and 100 percent of the specimens in the composite set 

of sa1nples, but with no more than 18 of these 55 species 

constituting significant percentages of the specimens in 

any one sample. 

Species having Arctic records are indicated by an 

asterisk in the distribution table (table 2). Of the total 

140 species, 77 (or about 56 percent) have been recorded 

in Arctic regions, an additional 8 percent from Antarctic regions, and 36 percent have not been reported in 

the polar regions. When only the 55 quantitatively significant species are considered, not much change in these 

percentages is noted : 53 percent recorded from the 

Arctic, 5 percent from the Antarctic, and 42 percent in 

nonpolar regions. 
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}fiGURE 1.-Map of Gulf of Alaska and southeastern Alaska showing location of dredged samples (solid dots). 

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A4 CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEONTOLOGY 

TABLE 2.-Distribution and abundance of Recent Foraminifera off Alaska 

[A=abundant; C=common; R=rare; *=reported in the Arctic} 

Gulf of Alaska 

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Arenaceous families 

Astror hizidae: 

Benthonic species 

*Rhabdammina abyssorum M. Sars? _______________________________ R ___________________________________ _ 

Rhizamminidae: * Rhizammina indivisa Brady_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ R _______________________________________ _ Rhizammina? sp ___________________________________________________________________ R _______________ _ 

Saccamminidae: 

*Psammosphaerafusca Schultze ___________________________________ R ___________________________________ _ 

*Saccammina difflugiformis (Brady)___________________________ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ R ___________________________ _ *Pelosina variabilis Brady ____________________________________ R R ____ R R ____ R _______________ _ 

Hyperamminidae: *Hyperammina elongata Brady? _______________________________ R R R C R _______________________ _ 

*Saccorhiza ramosa (Brady)?--------------------------------- ________________ R _______________________ _ *Psammatodendron arborescens Norman ________________________ R ________ R ____________________ R 

Reophacidae: Reophax insectus Goes_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ R _______________________________ _ 

* scorpiurus Montfort____________________________________ R R R C 

Ammodiscidae: 

R A R R R R 

*Ammodiscus arenaceus (Williamson)____ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ R _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ R _______________ _ * gullmarensis Hoglund ___________________________________ R ____ R ________________ R ________ R 

Lituolidae: 

*Haplophragmoides bradyi (Robertson) _____________________________________________ R R _______________ _ planissimus Cushman ______________________________________________ R ____________ R C _______ _ sphaeriloculus Cushman _________________________________ R _______________________________________ _ 

*Cribrostomoides crassimargo (Norman) ________________________ R ____ R R ________ C R R C R * jeffreysii (Williamson)__________________________________ R _ _ _ _ R _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ R R _ _ _ _ R 

scitulus (Brady) ___________________________________________ R ____ R R C _______________ _ 

veleronis (Cushman and McCulloch) __________________________________ R R ____________________ ---- Recurvoides contortus Earland_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ R _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ R _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ R 

* *Amn~~~~~~!lt~! Ammotium cassis ~~er!~;£~~-N~tl;~d~=========================== (Parker)__________________________________ -R- _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ R _ _ _ _ -R- ==== ==== ==== ==== ==== -~- ==== ==== C -~-- Textulariidae: 

*Spiroplectarnmina biforrnis (Parker and Jones) _____________________________________________ R ________ ----

Verneuilinidae: 

Gaudryt'na arenar£a Galloway and Wissler _____________________ R R R ____________ R C 

Valvulinidae: 

R 

*Eggerella advena (Cushman) _________________________________________________________ R C R C R 

Dorothia aff. D. bradyana Cushman ____________________________ C C C C ________________________ ---- Goesella flintii Cushman_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ C C _______________________ _ Goesella? sp _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ R _______________________________ _ 

Karreriella baccata (Schwager) _______________________________ A C A C R ____ C ____________ ---- Schenckiella pn:maeva (Cushman) ________________________________ R R C R _______________________ _ 

Trochamminidae: 

Trochammina advena Cushman _______________________________ R ________ R ________ R ____________ ---- * rotaliformis J. Wright ___________________________________ R ____ R R ________ R R R R * squamata Parker and Jones ___________________________________________________________________ ---- R 

Calcareous imperforate families 

M iliolidae: 

*Quinq ueloculina agglutinata Cushman_________________________ _ _ _ _ R ________________________ ---- R 

akneriana d'Orbigny ____________________________________ C C R C ____ A C C R ____ R 

arctica Cushman_______________________________________ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ R _____ --- R * frigida Parker _________________________________________________________________________ R -------- * seminulum (Linne) _________________________________________ R ____________ C ____ R ____ R R * stalkeri Loeblich and Tappan ________________________________________________ R R R ________ ---- * subrotunda (Montagu) ______________________________________________________________________ ---- R 

Sigmoil1·na distorta Phleger and Parker ________________________ R ____ R R ________________ ---- -------- TrilocuHna rotunda d'Orbigny _______________________________ R R ________________________ ---- R R 

Cruciloculina triangularis d'Orbigny __________________________ R R ________________________________ ----

Biloculinella globula (Bornemann)____________________________ R ______________________ -- ---- ---- ---- ----

:Pyrgde~~~;;~r~'Or~~~~~------------~~============================= ==== -~- ==== -R-- ==== -C-- ==== ==== ==== ==== ==== * lucernula (Schwager) ___________________________________ R C R R R ____ R R ________ ---- rotalaria Loeblich and Tappan _______________________________________________ R ________________ ---- * Pyrgo vespertiho (Schlumberger) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ C C R _______________________________ _ 

Pyrgoella sphaera (d'Orbigny) ____________________________________ R ________________________ ---- ---- ----
RECENT FORAMINIFERA, GULF OF ALASKA AND SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA 

TABLE 2.-Distribution and abundance of Recent Foraminifera off Alaska-Continued 

[A=abundant; C=common; R=rare; *=reported in the Arctic] 

Gulf of Alaska Southeastern Alaska 

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Calcareous imperforate families-Continued 

Ophthalmidiidae: *Cornuspira involvens Reuss__________________________________ R R _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ R _______________ _ 

Calcareous perforate families 

Lagenidae: Robulus nikobarensis (Schwager) _____________________________ R C C ____ R 

occidentalis (Cushman)_________________________________ R R R 

strongi Church _________________________________________________________________ R _______________ _ 

R 

Astacolus planulatus Galloway and Wissler__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ R R R _______________ - ___________ _ *Marginulina glabra d'Orbigny ___________________________________ R R _______________________________ _ 

*Dentalina baggi Galloway and Wissler_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ R R C _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ C _______________ _ decepta (Bagg) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ R R C R _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ R _______ _ 

aff. D. subsoluta (Cushman) _____________________________ R R ____ R ____________ -------- ___ _ Lagenonodosaria scalaris (Batsch) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ R C R _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ R _______ _ 

*Pseudonodosaria radicula (Linne) _____________________________________ R R _____________________ _ Vaginulinopsis bacheii (Bailey) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ R _ _ _ _ R _______________________________ _ 

Frondicularia gigas Church ___ ------------------------------- R R C ____________ R ____ ---- _______ _ *Lagena amphora Reuss __________________________________________________ R R _______________ _ * distoma Parker and Jones_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ R R _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ R R _______________ - * elongata (Ehrenberg)___________________________________ R _ _ _ _ R R _ _ _ _ R ___________________ _ hispidula Cushman _____________________________________ R _______________________________________ _ 

* * ~:~}ai~~zistwY~~~~; pliocenica Cushman and _-~ = = Gray_ = = = = = = _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ R R R = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = ~ R ~ = 

_______________________________ = = = = = = = = = = = -R-- = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = - * striata (d'Orbigny) _____________________________________ R R R ____________ R _______________ _ 

Polymorphinidae: 

Guttulina orientalis Cushman and Ozawa______________________ _ _ _ _ R 

Sigmomorphina trilocularis (Bagg) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ C C 

Polymorphina charlottensis Cushman__________________________ R R 

R 

R 

R 

R 

---- ---- ---- ---- R 

R ________ C R 

kincaidi Cushman and Todd____________________________ R R 

Buliminidae: 

*Buliminella elegantissima (d'Orbigny) _____________________________________________________ C ____ R 

subfusiformis Cushman _________________________________________ R R ? R ____ ---- ____ --,------ *Globobulimina auriculata (Bailey)_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ R _ _ _ _ A A R R R 

*Virgulinafusiformis (Williamson) ________________________________________________ R ____ R ___________ _ 

Bolivj::u~:~:~ ~~~~~~~~)--_ -_ ~::: =: = =:::::::::::: :: ::::::::::: -R- -R-- -if - -R- :::: ~ -R- -R- -R- :: =: -R-

* 

oceanica Cushman ______________________________________________ R _______________________________ _ 

pacifica Cushman and McCulloch_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ R R R _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ C ___ - - __ - - - - _ - - - - subaenariensis Cushman_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ R ___________________ _ Bolivina (Loxostomum) porrecta (Brady) _______________________ R ____ R _______________________________ _ F1:ssurina agassizi Todd and Bronnimann _________________________ R ___________________________________ _ * cucurbitasema Loeblich and Tappan_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ R ___________________________________ - * lucida (Williamson) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ C C C R _ _ _ _ R R _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ? 

*Oolina apiopleura (Loeblich and Tappan) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ R R C R R _ _ _ _ R R R _______ _ * borealis Loeblich and Tappan ____________________________ R R R ________________ R ___________ _ * hexagona (Williamson) ______________________________________ R R _______________________________ _ laevigata d'Orbigny _________________________________________ R R ____________________________ R 

lineatopunctata (Heron-Allen and Earland) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ R _______________________ - _-- __ --- melo d'Orbigny ________________________________________ R R R ____________________________ ? 

striatopunctata (Parker and Jones) ________________________ R R E ________________ ---- ____ ---- williamsoni (Alcock) ________________________________________ R ___________________________________ _ 

*Uvigerina peregrina Cushman ________________________________ C C A C ____ A C ____ R ____ ----

* * * 

sp ________________________________________________________________ R ____ R ________ -------- ___ _ 

* Angulogerina fluens Todd ________________________ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ C C R R _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ C R R R 

Discorbidae: 

Rosalina ornatissima (Cushman) _____________________________________________________ R ____________ C * wrightii (Brady)_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ R R _______________________________ _ Eponides isabelleanus (d'Orbigny) ____________________________ C C R R ___________________________ _ 

Rotaliidae: * Buccella frigida (Cushman)__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ C A C R C R 

Rotalia columbiensis (Cushman)___ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ A 

Epistominella pacifica (Cushman) ________________________________________ R -,--- C ________ ------------ vitrea Parker_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ R _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ R R R R 
A6 CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEONTOLOGY 

TABLE 2.-Distribution and abundance of Recent Foraminifera off Alaska-Continued 

(A=abundant; C=common; R=rare; *=reported in the Arctic] 

Gulf of Alaska 

-·---------------

~ 

'<t' ..:> t- 00 lC ~ d d d d d w 

-= -= -= -= -= Q;> 

..9 0 0 0 0 <:) 

0. 0. 0. 0. 0. -= s s s s § E 

d d d d d 

il; il; il; il; il; 5 

Southeastern Alaska 

~ 

~ ;§ ~ <ii d 

P=l -= ~ -= ·~ d 

-= ~ C) 

d g ::l -= ~ .!o:l -= >< d ~ 

~ ~ E-< 8 --------------------------

Benthonic species-Continued 

~ 

Gil 

P=l 

~ 

:0 

s 

d 

d 

---

Calcaresus perforate families-Continued 

Elphidiidae: *Elphidium bartletti Cushman _____________________________________________ ---------------- R R R ---- * clavatum Cushman_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ R R R R _ _ _ _ C C R C - - - - - - - -

: ~~%iod:e~s~C~~~~~-~~(((i~~~t========================== ==== -~- -~- ==== ==== -~-- ~ _? __ -~- -~- _? __ *Elphidiella arctica (Parker and Jones) ________________________ ---.- ________ ------------ R -------- R * groenlandica (Cushman) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ C A R C R 

Anomalinidae: 

*Cibicides lobatulus (Walker and Jacob) ________________________ C C C C R R A A C R A 

Dyocibicides biserialis Cushman and Valentine _________________ -------- ____ ------------ R R ---- ---- R 

Rupertiidae: *Rupertia stabilis Wallich ____________________________________ C R R ____ ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----

N onionidae : *Floriluslabradoricus (Dawson) _______________________________ R ____ R R ____ A C R ---- ---- ----

Nonionella pulchella Hada ___________________________________________________ ---- C R ---------------- * turgida (Williamson) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ R R _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ R R ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- turgida digitata N ~varng__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ R ____ ---- R ---- ---- ---- ---- ----

*Pseudononion auricula (Heron-Allen and Earland) ______________ R R R R ---- ---- C C R R R * Astrononion gallowayi Loeblich and Tappan___________________ R R ____ ---- ---- ---- R R C 

Cassidulinidae: 

Cassidulina californica Cushman and Hughes_________________ A A A A C ? A R R C 

* f::~~ac~s'h~~~g~;"d ii ~gh~~ ~ = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = -R- = = = = = = = = = = = = -~- ---- ~ -c-- -~- c * norcrossi Cushman_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ R _ _ _ _ R _ _ _ _ _ - _ - R - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

subglobosa Brady? _____________________________________ R R R ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- teretis Tappan________________________________________ R R ____________ -- _ _ R R ---- R * * tortuosa Cushman and Hughes___ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ A A A R R ---- R ---- - -- - ---- -- --

Ehrenbergina compressa Cttshman ___________________________ C R --------------------------------

Chilostomellidae: 

Pullem·a salisburyi R. E. and K. C. Stewart__________________ C R C R 

Aragonitic family 

Robertinidae: * Robert1"na arctica d' Orbigny _________________________________________________ --- _ --- - ---- - -- - ---- - --- R 

Planktonic species 

Globigerinidae: * Globigerina bulloides d' Orbigny____ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ A A A * aff. G. eggeri Rhumbler _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ R 

c R R ---------------- ? 

* pachyderma (Ehrenberg)_______________________________ C C C c c ---- R 

quinqueloba N a tland_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ R 

Globigerin£ta glutinata (Egger) _________________________________ - R R R R ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- * Orbulina universa d' Orbigny________________________________ R R 

Globorotaliidae: 

---- ---- ---- R ---- ---- ---- ---- ----

Globorotalia scitula (Brady) ________________________________ ~ R R R 

ANALYSES OF SAMPLES 

GULF OF ALASKA 

The three shallowest Pamplona samples, taken near 

the top of the searidge, are the richest in the present collections; Pamplona 8, -!, and 7 contain 70, 71, and 72 

species respectiYely. The two deepest Pamplona samples ( 5 and 8) contain more meager fa nnas, \Yith 21 and 

-±8 species respectiYely. The six fjonlland samples 

range from 20 to -±8 in number of species per sample. 

The three shallowest Pamplona samples are Yery similar in species com posit ion and are discussed in or~ler of 

increasing depth. Pamplona -±, dredged from 85 fathoms on top of the searidge, contains a rich assemblage 

dominated by Cassidulina callfornica. and 0. tortuosa. 

Other major constitutents are [{arrel'iella. baccata, Dorothia aff. D. bradyana, Qninqueloculina alt~neriana, Fi.r3-

81lrinrt lncida. E ponides isabe71eanws. 0 ibicide8 

lobatuius. and Rupertia stabilis. Pamplona 3, dredged 

from 95 fathoms in a trench on top of the ridge at its 

outer end, contains the same hYo dominant species. 

''Tith the exception of Rupertia stabili8 (which is rare), 

the major constituents are the same and occur with approximately the same abundance. In Pamplona 7, 

dredged from 100 fathoms in a treneh atop the ridge 

closer to shore than the first two samples mentioned, the 
RECENT FORAMINIFERA, GULF OF ALASKA AND SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA A7 

same t\vo species of Ocussidulina dominate the fauna. 

Other major constituents, however, are somewhat different as follows: Karreriella. baccata, Dorothia aft'. D. 

bradyana, Frondlcularia gigws, Fi.s8urina lucida, Ut'igerina peregrina, and 0 ib icides lobatulus. 

The two deepest Pamplona samples are noticeably different. The fauna of Pamplona 8, dredged from 133 

to 14~ fathoms on the east slope of the ridge, is much 

less riCh than those from the ridgetop. Oassidttlina callfornica. is the single dominant species. Other species 

occurring with significant percentages are Reopham seorpi·urus, Dorothia aff. D. bradyana, Goesell(t fllntH, 

Schen.ckiella prinzae~'a, Q'ltinqueloculina akneriana, 

Dentalina baggl, Uvigerina peregrina, Eponides isabelleantts, and Oibicides lobatulu8. Pamplona 5, dredged 

fr01~1 205 fnthoms on the west slope of the searidge, has 

~ still more meager fauna. Its single dominant species 

IS Goesella flintii.. Only two others occur with significant frequencies: Oassidulhw californica and Schenckiella primaeva. 

Planktonic specimens (several species of Globigerina.) 

are well represented in all the Pamplona Searidge sample~, but none of the samples are dominated by planktonics. 

_Taken as a ·whole, the samples from the searidge conbun, mostly as rare elements, ±8 species that are unk~lown from the samples from the fjordlands. These 

differences may be not so much an effect of depth as a 

result of the ecologic differences between the environment of _a submarine ridge surrounded by the open sea 

and subJect to storm-generated and other bottom currents, as opposed to a fj ordland environment ,vith its 

locally ~trong tidal currents, enclosed basins, proximity 

of the httoral zone, and inflowing of turbid glaeial discharge. Some of the commoner species, characteristic 

of the Pamplona Sea~ridge samples and not found in the 

six samples from southeastern ~\laska, are as follows: 

Hyperammina. elongata Brady? 

Cribrostomoides ·velet·onis (Cushman and McCulloch) 

A.tnmobaculites arenarius Natland 

Dorothia. aff. D. bradyana Cushman 

Goesella .fliutii Cushman 

Schenkiella primae·l'a (Cushman) 

Sigmoilina di.<storta Phleger and Parker 

r'r11ciloculina. triangularis d'Orbigny 

I' lfi'UO re8pet·tilio ( Schlumberger) 

Robulus occidcntalis (Cushman) 

Astacolus pla.n u latus Galloway and Wissler 

Marginulina glabra d'Orbigny 

Dentalina aft'. D. subsoluta (Cushman) 

P8cudonodosaria radicula (Linne) 

raginulinopsis bacl!eii (Bailey) 

Lagena laet'i8 {1\Iontagu) 

L. pliocenica Cushman and Gray 

Guttttlin'a orientalis Cushman and Ozawa 

Polymorphina kincaidi Cushman and Todd 

Oolina hexagona. (Williamson) 

0. striatopunctata (Parker and Jones) 

0. williamsoni. (Alcock) 

Eponides isabelleanus ( d'Orbigny) 

Rupertia stabilis Wallich 

Ehrenbergina compressa Cushman 

Pullenia salisburyi R. E. and K. C. Stewart 

SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA 

The faunas of the fjordland samples have little to 

unite them; on the other hand, eaeh appears to be distinctive and unique in composition. 

A sample dredged from 215 fathoms in Clarence 

Strait lacks any dominating speeies, but its major constituents are Qui.nqueloaulina akneriana, Bolivina alata, 

GlobobulimJna auricu.lata, Uvigerina peTegrina, Florihus labrado·riew.;, and N onionella pu.lchella. This is 

the only reeord for Bolh•ina alata. in the present group 

of 11 samples examined. 

A rich and varied sample from Kasaan Bay dredged 

between ± 7 and 57 fathoms also lacks any dominating 

species. Its major constituents are Reopham 8corpiurus, 

Qui.nqueloculina akneriana, Globobulimina auriculata, 

Uvigerina per·egrina, Angu1ogerlna flmens, Oibicide8 

lobatu1u.8, P8eudononion wurimda. and Oas8id'ltlina 

californica. 

A sample dredged from 25 fathoms in Excursion 

Inle,t is dominated by Elphidiella groenlandica and 

Oa88id'ldina. lin~bata. Other major constituents are 

Gaudryina arenarirt. Buccella frigida, Elphidiurn 

frigidum, Oibieides lobatulus, and P8eudononion 

auricnla. 

In Taku Harbor, a sample dredged from about 12 

fathoms is moderately rich but has no dominant speeies. 

Among the more abundant species are H aplophrag7rwides planissirnu8, OassiduUna lhnba.ta, ElphidiurnL 

cla1•atum, and Oibicide8 lobatulu8. 

In Lynn Canal, a sample dredged from about 11 

fathoms is, like that from Taku IInrbor, only moderately rich and lacks any dominating species. Its most 

abundant species are Ammotium cai'ii'5l8, Cribro8tomoldes 

Cl'a88imargo. Eggendla adNna. E7phidiella groenlandica. and Buccella frigida. 

At Gambier Bay, an extremely rich ~ample dredged 

from 10 fathoms is dominated by llotalla colwnbiensi8. 

a, species described and reported from comparable 

depths in British Columbia but not found in any other 

of our Alaska f:amples. Resides this dominant species, 

the other major constituents are Rosallna ornatissi1na, 

Cassidullna californica, A.~;trononion gallotoayi, and 

Oibicides lobatu7u8. 
A8 CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEONTOLOGY 

COMPARISON WITH OTHER ASSEMBLAGES 

Several reports on Foraminifera from Arctic regions 

have furnished us with some knowledge of the probable 

bottom assemblages typical of various depths, ecologic 

conditions, and geographic locations in the Arctic from 

the I\:ara Sea ( Stschedrina, 1936; 1938), N ovaya 

Zemlya and Franz Josef Land (Brady, 1881; Stschedrina, 1964a), Spitzbergen (Nagy, 1965), Barents Sea 

( J arke, 1960), "'Vhite Sea (Mayer, 1962), Iceland 

( N y>rvang, 1945) , Greenland ( Stschedrina, 194 7; 1964b ; 

Cushman, 1948), the Canadian Arctic (Phleger, 1952), 

the northern coast of Alaska (Loeblich and Tappan, 

1953), and Chukchi Sea (Cooper, 1964). In addition, 

Stschedrina (1959) in a summarization of data has 

briefly described seyen "standard" groups of Foraminifera characteristic of seYen depth zones for Arctic. and 

North Paeific regions. 

Many species frmn these circumpolar areas are present in our Alaska samples. Species present in our 

southern Alaska samples that are absent in the Arctic 

may be noted in table 2. 

RECENT AGE 

Cockbain's (1963) quantitative studies of the Foraminifera in the Straits of Georgia and J nan de Fuca in 

southwestern British Columbin. provide a good comparison for our material from southeastern Alaska. The 

Foraminifera in British Columbia (represented by 86 

samples) include many of the same species present in our 

samples from southeastern Alaska. The patchiness of 

distribution in the two Canadian straits is similar to 

what we have observed among the few samples we have. 

Number of species per sample ranges between 1 and 35. 

The assmnblage in one sa·mple from the Strait of Juan 

de Fuca, namely station135 at 30 meters (16 fathoms), 

approaches that of Gambier Bay. In Cockbain's station 

135 ( 1963, table 2), Rosalina ornatissima constitutes 40 

percent of the assemblage and the only two other species 

having significant percentages are Orussidttlina limbata 

and Rotalia columbiensis. At Gambier Bay, Rotalia 

ool'ltmbiensls is the dominant spec.ies, and the other two 

are present in significant numbers. 

In a beautifully illustrated report, Saidova (1961) described and recorded, with quantitative details as to 

depth range and geographic distribution, the bottom 

faunas of Foraminifera from several areas in the western sector of the North Pacific namely from the Sea of 

Okhotsk and the western part of the Bering Sea and off 

the Kurile Islands and as far south as about 31° N., off 

Japan. Among the rich assemblages in her report on 

this large region are many specie'f:) identieal with and 

others similar to (or only subspecifically distinet from) 

those in our material. Where sampling coverage was 

fairly eomplete, local distribution maps were included 

for a few selected species ( Saidova, 1961, text figs. 4, 6, 8, 

9 13 14, and 16). Sueh maps present a pieture of high- ' ' . . ly localized distribution that is not necessarily emnmdent with depth and other environmental conditions, a 

picture in line with what we have observed in our mueh 

smaller and less completely sampled areas in the eastern 

sector of the North Pacific. We may, therefore, postulate with some assurance that Foraminifera across the 

northern part of the Pacific are generally similar, but 

the bottom distribution patterns include small random 

areas of high abundance of various species. 

Thanks to Erk Reimnitz of Seripps Institution of 

Oeeanography, we were given the opportunity to examine mounted Foraminifera assemblages from several 

short gravity cores, and a snapper sample taken 10-30 

miles offshore from the Copper River delta in the Gulf 

of Alaska, in an area some 90 miles west-northwest of 

Pamplona Searidge. The samples come from depths 

between 40 and 70 fathoms, and the species in them represent Recent faunas from the surface mud, as well as 

faunas from the underlying glacial 1narine sediment 

that Reimnitz interprets as Pleistocene from lithologic 

and other considerations. 

The assemblages from the tops of some of these cores 

are rather meager and include Elphidium cl(J)Vatwm 

(small, fragile specimens), E ]Jistorninella vitrea, Globobulim,ina aurimdata., Buooella frigida., Floriluslabradoriou8, Oassidnlina teretis, Qtdnquelooulina stalkeri~ 

Q. seminu.z,wn~ Pyrgo rotalaria, Textularia earlandi~ 

Virgulina f1tsifonni8, and Globigerina paohyderma. 

These species are more frequent in and characteristic of 

our fjordland samples than of our searidge ones. 

A striking change in the assemblages is noted in the 

older glacial marine sediment between 10 and 92 centimeters below the tops of these eores, as well as in local 

exposures on the continental shelf. They are richer, 

contain large and robust specimens, and. are quite similar 

to those from the Pamplona Searidge samples. Major 

constituents in these lo,ver core samples are Oassidulina 

oalifornica, 0. lin&bata, 0. teretiJ3, Elphidium clavatum 

(large, robust individuals), UvigeTlna peregrina, Angulogerirza flu-ens, and Oibioides lobatulu8. Minor eonstituents typical of the searidge samples that "·ere also 

present on this offshore shelf during the time represented 

by the lower parts of the cores are Florlluslabradorious, 

Signwmorphina triloo·ularis, Pullenia salisb'ltryi, Lagena laevis, L. pUooenioa, L. striata, Fissurina luoida~ 

Oolina borealis, Bolivina deoussata, Eponides isabelleamts, Globigerina paol~yder,rna, and G. bulloides. These 

speeies reinforce the affinity of the lower core samples 

with the Pamplona Sea.ridge samples. 
RECENT FORAMINIFERA, GULF OF ALASKA AND SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA A9 

From the constrast between the assemblage in the 

Recent mud and the assemblage from the older glacial 

marine sediment, we have speculated that the latter is 

characteristic of a somewhat greater water depth than 

exists today. This can be only a speculation because the 

depth from which the cores were taken ( 40'--7'0 fathoms) 

is not too shallow to support the tipecies that are now 

absent; they are absent for some other reason than exelusion by shallowness of depth. 

An alternative interpretation of the contrast between 

the assemblage of the Recent mud and that of the underlying glacial marine sediment could conceivably be the 

significant age difference between the Recent mud and 

the older glacial marine sediments. The similarity between the Pamplona Searidge as;:;emblages and those 

from the lower parts of the cores, combined with their 

dissimilarity from the assemblages :fron1 the tops of the 

cores, may likewise be interpreted in two different ways. 

First, the similarity may be regarded as evidence that 

the glacial sediments underlying the Copper River delta 

were deposited at greater \Vater depths than the present 

sediments of the delta. Or, alternatively, the similarity 

may be regarded as evidence that the Pamplona Searidge sediments are equivalent in age to those of the 

glacial sediments underlying the Copper River delta, 

both being of Pleistocene age. We oppose this second 

interpretation, namely that the similarity of assemblages 

between the older sediments of the Copper River delta 

and the Pamplona Searidge sediments is one of age 

rather than of ecology. 

It is a basic principle in Foraminifera as in other 

groups of animals that ecologic contrasts are far greater 

than age contrasts. In other words, when faunas are 

either similar or dissimilar, they are much likelier to 

be so for ecologic reasons than for nge reasons. And as 

a corollary, using Foraminifera as an example, even 

Miocene assemblages from deep-sea oozes and littoral 

deposits have much more in common with their respective Recent counterparts (Recent deep-sea oozes and 

littoral deposits) than they have in common with each 

other. 

Comparison was made with the Foraminifera in a 

series of Recent samples from marine till, rhythmically 

interbedded sediment, and terrace deposits of glacial 

origin in the northern part of southeastern Alaska 

(from near Juneau out to Cape Fairweather on the 

coast of the Gulf of Alaska); these sediments are 

elevated above sea level, some as much as 500 feet. The 

assemblages in these unconsolidated deposits, although 

much less rich than the present six bottom samples from 

the fjordland of southeastern Alaska, have much in 

common with them. 

In all these elevated deposits, Elphidiu1n clavatwm 

237-376 0-67--~2 

is strongly dominant. This species, although occurring 

rarely on the searidge and rarely to commonly in four 

of the fjordland samples, is not found as a dominant 

species in any of our samples. Occurring with this 

dominating spe<;ies, Elphidium clav-atum, the following 

additional species comprise most of the remainder of 

the fauna from these unconsolidated sediments : 

Buccella frigida (Cushman) 

Oassidulina islandiaa N$1Srvang 

0. teretis Tappan 

Elphidium bartletti Cushman 

E. frigidum Cushman 

Flm·ihts labradoricus (Dawson) 

Pseudononion auricula (Heron-Allen and Earland) 

Pyrgo lucernu,za (Schwager) 

QuA.nqueloouUna akneriana d'Orbigny 

Q. stalkeri Loeblich and Tappan 

Virgul-ina fusiformis (Williamson) 

All these species are known from our fjordland samples and half of them occur on the searidge (table 2), 

but no major species characteristiQ of the searidge 

occur in the elevated Recent glacial deposits. 

In a reconnaissance study of Foraminifera. in a series 

of bottom samples dredged on the shallow shelf bordering the eastern part of the northern coast of Siberia, 

namely from the Chukchi Sea through the East Siberian 

Sea. to the Laptev Sea, an impoverished fauna of Foraminifera was identified (Todd and Low, 1966) consisting chiefly of species of Elphidiurn~ and various 

arenaceous genera. Although poor in species, as well 

as in specilnens, nearly half of the composite assemblage 

found in this shelf traverse occur also in the southeastern Alaska. fjordland, and a few additional ones 

are found also in our samples from Pamp1ona Searidge. 

The chief species in common between the fj ordland and 

the shallow shelf along the Arctic Ocean are : 

Ammotium cassis (Parker) 

Buccella frigi-da (Cushman) 

Oassidulina i~Slandica Njllrvang 

0. tereti8 T'a.ppan 

Cibic'ide8 loba.fulus (Walker and Jacob) 

Eggerella advena, (Cushman) 

Elpllidiutn olat'a-fuln (Cushman) 

Pseudononio11. (l;Uric'11la (Heron-Allen and Earland) 

Reopllax scorpiurus Montfort 

All these species are widely known both in the Arctic 

and elsev;r here. 

Comparison with a distant group of cold-water samples, namely some from off the coast of Chile received 

from Dr. Fritz Theyer of the Instituto Central de 

Biologia of the U niversidad de Concepcion, provided 

some striking similarities as well as some contrasts. 

Nine rich samples taken by the Expedici6n Mar Chile 

I between lat 31° and 42°56' S. and long 72°38' and 

74°30' W. and at depths between 60 and 260 meters 
AlO CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEONTOLOGY 

(about 33-145 fathoms) contained mostly species completely unrelated to anything in our Alaska collections, 

such as species of Oyclarmmina, T ewtularia, H oeglumdina, and V al1vu.lineria. The following species present 

in our Alaska samples are, however, also present off 

Chile: 

A_ngztlogerina fluens Todd 

Oassidulina californica Cushman and Hughes 

Oibicides Zobatulws (Walker and Jacob) 

Ehrenbergina ao'lnpressa Cushman 

Globobulim.ina auriaulata (Bailey) 

Goesella flintii Cushman 

Reopham saorpi1trus Montfort 

Sahenckiella prfrnaeva (Cushman) 

Uvigerina p®rina Cushman 

These and other Chilean samples are in process of study 

by Drs. Fritz Theyer and Esteban Boltovskoy, hence 

will not be discussed here other than to say that they 

give evidence of the extensive geographic distribution 

of cold-water species in both the Northern and 

Southern Hemispheres. 

PLEISTOCENE OR PLIOCENE AGE 

There are three reported fossil occurrences with which 

our Recent assemblages 1nay be compared. 

Cushman ( 1941) reported and illustrated the occurrence of 18 species in the Submarine Beach deposit about 

a mile N. 60° W. of Nome, Alaska. Specimens of 

Elph.idiella appear to be the dominating forms. Reexamination of the total assemblage indicates that there 

is very little similarity between it and any of our present assemblages. In terms of the currently used taxonomy, only three species-----ElphidiU'Jn bartletti Cushman, Elph£diella groenlandica (Cushman), and B1wcella frigida (Cushman)-are forund both at Nome and 

in our fjordland samples. 

Cushman and Todd ( 194 7) described and illustrated 

an assemblage of Foraminifera from a quarry on Amchitka Island in the Aleutian chain. The assemblage, 

interpreted as Pleistocene or Pliocene in age, was much 

richer than that at Nome and shows considerable 

resemblance to our present asse1nblages. Of the 51 

species reported from Amehitka, 19 are the same as ours: 

5 in the searidge samples only, 4 in the fjordland 

samples only, and 10 in both. 

In 1953, Miller (1953, table 6) recorded a list of 

Foraminifera identified by A. R. Loeblich, Jr., from 

seven samples representing more than 3,000 feet of 

section exposed around the coast of Middleton Island 

in the Gulf of Alaska. Middleton Island is a small 

low island well out in the Gulf of Alaska, at about 

lat 59°25' N. and long 146°20' W., that surmounts a 

rise near the margin of the continental shelf. It is thus 

only about 130 miles west of Pamplona Searidge. 

The original interpretation of age based on fossils 

(Miller, 1953, p. 31) favored a Pleistocene age but did 

"not preclude either a Pliocene age or a Recent age." 

Miller (1953, p. 32) thought, however, that the degree 

of induration and the regional setting possibly favored 

Pliocene rather then Pleistocene. F. S. MacNeil, in 

an unpublished study based on marine mollusks (written 

commun. August 12, 1963) , recognized two well-defined 

pecten zones at Middleton Island and dated the lower 

part of the section as late Pliocene or early Pleistocene 

and the upper part as "late early or middle Pleistocene, 

probably pre-Yarmouth." 

Reexamination of the Foraminifera from the seven 

samples (mentioned above) taken from the Middleton 

Island section shows a poorly preserved fauna having 

some close similarities to the fauna now present on 

the searidge. In all but one sample near the middle of 

the section, the assemblages are dominated by 0 assidulina caZifornica and 0. lhnbata and (or) 0. tortuosa. 

Poor preservation makes precise determination difficult; hence the distinction between 0. limbata and 0. 

tortuosa, both of which have angled peripheries, is not 

clear. In the one excepted sample, near the middle 

of the seetion, Elphidiella arctica is dominant. This 

species was not found on the searidge but only in two of 

our fjordland samples, where it occurred rarely. 

AGE OF PAMPLONA SEARIDGE SAMPLES 

Although the samples obtained from Pamplona 

Searidge came from the surface of the sea bottom, there 

are several reasons for believing they are not strictly 

Recent. By their manner of collection-dredging-the 

samples undoubtedly include a mixture of modern and 

older sediments. Their position, where currents may 

have tended to sweep clean the top and sides of an 

undersea ridge, suggests the likelihood that the sediments are not contemporary. Their lithology-mud, 

clay, or sand with an admixture of pebbles and cobblesis evidence of current winnowing on the top and sides 

of the searidge. In an open-sea environment, a strictly 

Recent deposit would not include pebbles and cobbles. 

The poor state of preservation of some but not all the 

speei1nens, such as worn and fragmentary specimens 

and opaeity of nonnally translucent tests, likewise is 

suggestive that the fauna eonsists of a mixture of 

contemporary and ancient specimens. 

In spite of this circumstantial evidence of age, we 

noted no species that we believe ·to be extinct. There 

is one due, however, which may be interpreted either 

as supporting evidence of a. pre-Recent age or as evidence of admixture of older specimens into the 

assemblage: namely the coiling ratio of Globigerina 

pachydernw. 
RECENT FORAMINIFERA, GULF OF ALASKA AND SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA All 

Use of coiling ratios of Globigerina paehyderrna has 

been proposed by Bandy (19'60) to permit refinement of 

age determinations in the late Cenozoic of southern 

California. There the modern population is dextral, 

going hack about 11,000 years. Coiling-ratio provinces 

are very in1perfectly known and are apparently local 

and probably fluctuating. In California, specimens 

in the upper Pleistocene and the middle Pliocene are 

consistently sinistral, while those in the upper and lower 

Pliocene are dominantly dextral. An identical alternation of coiling ratios is not to be expected to extend as 

far north as the Gulf of Alaska where coiling ratio of 

the modern population is 97-100 percent sinistral for 

Globigerina paehyderma.. 

While the coiling ratio of living specimens of the 

species in the North Pacific is almost exclusively sinistral, our specimens of Globigevrina paahyderma are only 

about 65 percent sinistral. 

Upon reexamination of an older record of G. paehyderma in the North Pacific, we find that there the 

coiling is 100 percent dextral; this reported occurrence 

by Cushman and Todd (1947) was frmn Amchitka 

Island in the Aleutians and was interpreted as 

Pleistocene or Pliocene. 

Patsy Smith (written commun., Jan. 24, 1966) has 

provided us with information on the coiling ratios of 

Globigerina paahyderma in four samples of the Middleton Island section. In MacNeil's upper zone, interpreted as late early or middle Pleistocene, in two samples 

where Globigerina paahyderma is common to abundant, 

the coiling ratios are 46 and 16 percent sinistral. In 

MacNeil's lower zone, interpreted as late Pliocene or 

early Pleistocene, the coiling ratios are 80 and 44 percent 

sinistral. 

"';V e therefore conclude that the admixture of fossil 

specimens of Globigerina paclzyderma having lo~wer sinistral ratios is responsible for the lowering of the 

sinistral ratio frmn the nearly 100 percent, which is typical of Recent G. pachyderm,a in the Gulf of Alaska, to 

the observed 65 percent in the Pamplona samples. 

A possible Pleistocene-Recent boundary in the Gulf 

of Alaska was proposed by Smith (1968) on the basis 

of some changes of the benthonic assemblages of Foraminifera in three deep-sea cores. These cores were taken 

from the continental shelf southwest of l{odiak Island 

at depths of 1171 146, and 240 meters (about 65-180 

fathoms), depths comparable \vith those of the Pamplona Searidge samples. In these cores Smith noted a 

change from boreal faunas in the upper parts to arctic 

faunas in the lower parts and adopted the transition 

between these two faunas as possibly the PleistoceneRecent boundary. 

In one of the cores showing the boundary between 

boreal and arctic assemblages, the Foraminifera in 12 

samples are quantitatively recorded from three samples 

above the boundary and nine below. Out of a total of 

60 benthonic species recorded, 44 are rare and (or) of 

negligible significance in connection with the boundary, 

leaving 16 common to abundant in one or both parts of 

the core. Of these, one is distributed more or less equally 

throughout the core, seven are restricted to the upper 

part (but three of these cross the boundary), and eight 

are restricted to the lower part (but one of these crosses 

the boundary) . 

Of the eight taxa that characterize the lower part of 

the core, Smith ( 1963, p. C77) has taken the five that 

are also characteristic of the Recent faunas around Point 

Barrow as diagnostic of the Pleistocene in the Gulf of 

Alaska. Whether the sediment from the lower parts 

of these cores was or was not deposited before the end 

of the Pleistocene can probably not be proved or disproved on the basis of evidence presented by Smith. 

Nevertheless, it seems most unlikely that the disappearance of the three species and a subspecies, plus a questionably identified species listed by Smith ( 1963, p. 

C77) as characteristic of her Pleistocene core section, 

can be accepted as diagnostic of Pleistocene elsewhere 

because they are all (except the questionably identified 

one) well known and widely distributed in the Recent. 

Taking into consideration the probability of different 

specific names being assigned to the same species by 

different authors, we have found all but t\vo of the taxa 

named by Smith (1963, p. C77) as characterizing the 

upper (boreal and Recent) fauna and the lower (arctic 

and Pleistocene) one in the cores to be present in our 

material. 

The whole question of a Pleistocene-Recent boundary 

remains vague, especially in high latitude regions that 

approach the location of present-day continental or 

piedmont glaciers. All one can say of the faunal boundary in the cores on the continental shelf is that it is 

evidence of a climatic change which might be Pleistocene. But to utilize any of these arctic species as evidence of mixing of Pleistocene with Recent or to base 

Pleistocene correlations on species characteristic of the 

fauna below the boundary seems premature. 

CONCLUSIONS 

Depth zonations of Fora1ninifera are undoubtedly 

a result of a cmnbination of many factors other than 

water depth alone, and probably some of these other factors exert more influence than depth in some localities. 

It is not to be expected that Foraminifera characteristic 

of a coastal environment, near sea level, would necessarily be identical with or even similar to those from an 
A12 CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEONTOLOGY 

identical depth surrounded by open -sea conditions. As 

a result of comparison of the dredge samples from Pamplona Searidge with the fjordland samples, as well as 

with other assemblages of Foraminifera already reported from comparable regions and comparable ecologic conditions, .we have failed to find any positive 

evidence that the ridge was formerly at a higher elevation nearer sea level. The Foraminifera, however, show 

nothing that would rule out such an interpretation. 

In connection with the speculation that Pamplona 

Searidge may be the foundered remnant of "Pamplona 

Rock," it is of interest to note the results of some surveys made after the Alaskan earthquake of March 27, 

1964. Data pertaining to tilting and vertical movement 

of the sea floor around Montague Island, only 180 miles 

west of the searidge, are discussed by Malloy ( 1965) . 

Abrupt and large-scale changes of elevation of the sea 

floor along sea floor searps are illustrated (Malloy, 1965, 

figs. 1, 6, 7, 8, 9) . It is a curious coincidence that the 

northeast alinements of Pamplona Searidge, Middleton 

Island, and Montague Island are approximately parallel 

and that the highest elevations are at the southwest ends 

of these features (Miller, 1953, fig. 2; Malloy, 1965, 

p. 23). 

Evidenee in the form of raised terraces on the islands 

and along the coast of the Gulf of Alaska, however, indicates general emergence rather than subsidence of the 

shelf. 

SYSTEMATIC DESCRIPTIONS 

ARENACEOUS FAMILIES 

Family ASTRORHIZIDAE 

Genus RHABDAMMINA M. Sars, 1869 

Rhabdammina abyssorum M. Sars 1 

Plate 1, figure 1 

Two short broken frag1nents of large arenaceous tubes 

were found at Pamplona 3; they appear elosely related 

to Rhabdammina aby880ntm M. Sars (Brady, 1884, p. 

266, pl. 21, figs. 1-8, 10-13). One has an outside diameter of 1.0 mm, the other an outside diameter of 1.3 mm. 

Sand grains composing the test reach a maximum diameter of about 0.5 mm; consequently the surface is rough. 

These tubular fragments may be broken-off pieces 

of a single-ehambered form with radiating arms, but 

this possibility cannot be verified, as no evidence of the 

enlarged eentral part has been observed in our material. 

The possibility of these being worm tubes seems unlikely 

hut eannot be ruled out. 

Family RHIZAJ4ltiiNIDAE 

Genus RHIZA.MltiiNA Brady, 1879 

Rhizammina indivisa Brady 

Plate 1, figure 2 

Rhizarntnina indivisa Bl"ady, 1884, Challenger Rept., Zoology. 

v. 9, p. 277, pl. 29, figs. 5-7. 

A single typical specimen was found at Pamplona 4. 

The test is flexible when moistened. The membranous 

tube is collapsed, with the plane of flattening different 

in various parts of the test. Sand grains and sponge 

spicules are attaehed to the membranous lining apparently without order. 

Rhizammina t sp. 

Pia te 1, figure 3 

In the Kasaan Bay sample dredged from 4 7 to 57 

fathoms, a species represented by broken tubular sections was found. The agglutinated tubular sections 

are 0.5-0.6 mm in diameter and distinctive in being 

very thin walled and flexible. The inner surface is 

smooth and appears to be lined ehiefly by sponge 

spicules arranged transverse to the length of the tube. 

The outer surface is very rough and composed of sand 

grains, sponge spicules, and tests of other Foraminifera. 

Invariably when a sand grain has one dimension longer 

than another, the grain is oriented with that longer 

dimension transverse to the length of the tube. As a 

result, the test appears as if it were transversely 

crinkled. Because of its property of flexibility and 

ability to spring back when pressed with a needle, the 

test is assumed to have a chitinous eement. 

The generic assignment is questioned beeause among 

our speeimens, all of whieh are fragmentary, there is 

no evidence of a branehing, tapering, or eurved shape. 

Otherwise, partieularly in the flexibility of the test, the 

specimens appear to belong in the Rhizamminidae. 

Family SAC'CAMMINIDAE 

Genus PSAMMOSPHAERA Schulze, 1875 

Psammosphaera fusca Schulze 

Plate 1. figure -! 

Psarnmosplwcra fusca Brady, 18R4, Clwllcngcr Rept .. Zoology, 

Y. 9, p. 2-::1:9, pl. 18, figs. 1, 5-7. 

~\_ single specimen, about 2.6 nun in diameter, was 

found at. Pamplona 3. It is built of coarse sand grains 

(individual grains as much as 1.3 mm in length) and 
RECENT FORAMINIFERA, GULF OF ALASKA AND SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA A13 

a few broken sponge spicules. It is cemented 'vith 

ferruginous cement and rather smoothly finished. The 

small irregular aperture exists as an unfilled crevice 

between sand grains. The 'vall is rigid and appears to 

be thin and only one sand grain thick. 

Genus SACCAM:MINA :M. Sars, 1869 

Saccammina difllugiformis (Brady) 

Plate 1, figure 5 

Reopham difflugiformis Brady, 1884, Challenger Rept., Zoology, 

v. 9, p. 289, pl. 30, figs. 1-5. 

Saccammina dif{tugiformis (Brady). T'odd and Bronnimann, 

1957, Cushman Found. Foram. Research Spec. Pub. 3, p. 

22, pl. 1, fig. 15. 

One specimen was found at Pamplona 8. It is neatly 

constructed of a single layer of coarse and angular sand 

grains. The large size of the grains results in a highly 

irregular surface both inside and out, although smoothly 

finished. 

In this species, construction of the test varies with 

the nature of the sea bottom, as was pointed out and 

illustrated by Brady ( 1884, p. 290, contrast figs. 3, 4, 

and 5). He noted that "especially in the northern habitats where the species is most plentiful, the test is constructed of coarse sand and has a very rough exterior, 

as shown in figure 5." Our specimen is comparable to 

Bradis figure 5 but is nearly twice as large. 

Relation between size and construction of test is strikingly shown by the contrast between this specimen from 

Alaskan waters and those recorded from off Trinidad in 

the Gulf of Paria. E,·en a single sand grain in the 

Alaska specimen is larger than the entire test of the 

Trinidad ones. Yet, they are believed to be substantially the same: an agglutinated single-chambered test 

with one end drawn out into a tubelike aperture. 

Genus PELOSINA Brady, 1879 

Pelosina varia bilis Brady 

Plate 1, figure 7 

Pelosina 'vm·iabilis Brady, 1884. Challenger Rept., Zoology, v. 

9, p. 235, pl. 26, figs. 7-9. 

Typical specimens were found in Pamplona samples 

a, 4, 5, and 8 and at Kasaan Bay. The shapes are variable; most are elongate and bag like, and most specimens 

are collapsed. The thick wall of compacted mud is 

usually cracked and crumbling. 

This species is characteristic of deep an<J cold water. 

Family HYPERA:M:MINIDAE 

Genus HYPERAMMINA Brady, 1878 

Hyperammina elongata Brady1 

Plate 1, figures 11. 12 

~\.lthough we have found fairly common specimens in 

all the searidge samples, none shows the bulbous initial 

end. For this reason the identification must remain 

questionable. Observable features which do support 

placement of the specimens in the genus Hyperammina 

are (a) rigidity of the test, (b) smooth surface of interior of the tubes, (c) rough exterior surface, and (d) 

presence of faint transverse constrictions. Specimens 

are somewhat larger in diameter than typical specimens 

of H ypera1nmina elongata Brady ( 1884, p. 257, pl. 23, 

figs. 4, 7, 8), approaching the diameter of H. friabilis 

Brady (1884, p. 258, pl. 23, figs. 1-3, 5, 6). They do not, 

however, have the friable outer surface characteristic 

of that species. 

Genus SACCORHIZA Eimer and Fickert, 1899 

Saccorhiza ramosa (Brady) 1 

Plate 1, figure 9 

T'vo broken fragments from Pamplona 5 indicate the 

presence of a species consisting of a slender thin-walled 

arenaceous tube about 0.5 mm in diameter composed of 

a mixture of sand grains and small broken pieces of 

sponge spicules. The surface of the tube is decorated 

by longer, more complete spieules incorporated in the 

wall so that one end protrudes out at a slight angle, and 

the free protruding ends of the spicules are alined approximately with the length of the tube and all extending toward one encl. The tubes are slightly tapering 

and slightly curved. As no evidence of branching was 

observed, the species can be only questionably placed in 

Saccorhiza rrunosa (Brady, 1884, p. 261, pl. 23, figs. 

15-19). 

Genus PSA:M:MATODENDRON Norman, 1881 

Psammatodendron arborescens Norman 

Plate 1, figure 6 

Hypetamtnina arborescens, Norman, sp. Brady, 1884, Challenger Rept., Zoology, v. 9, p. 262, pl. 28, figs. 12, 13. 

Rare but typical fragments of this species were found 

in Lynn Canal and Pamplona -! and K The tubes are 

only 0.15 nun in diameter and are smooth surfaced and 

brmvn. The one illustrated extends into three instead 

of the customary two branches. 

Although originally named by N onnan (see Brady, 

1881, p. 404), the species was not illustrated until the 

publieation of the Ohallenget• Report. At that time, 

Brady (188-!) placed it in the genus Hyperammina, 

stating he found "no characters not already provided 

for in the definition of the genus Hyperanwnina.'" The 

generic distinctions now maintained for the genus 

P8anwut.fodendron are its branehing growth habit and 

its attachment by a bulbous proloculum. 
A14 CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEONTOLOGY 

Family REOPHACIDAE 

Genus REOPHAX Montfort, 1808 

Reophax insectus Goes 

Plate 1, figure 8 

Reopham insectus Goes, 1896, Harvard Ooll., Mus. Comp. Zoology Bull., v. 29, p. 28, pl. 3, figs,, ·6, 7. 

Cushman, 1910, U.S. Natl. Mus. Bull. 71, pt. 1, p. 89, text 

fig. 124. 

This large species was found only at Pamplona 7. 

Although the wall is built of a mixture of fine to coarse 

sand grains, the size and shape of the test conforn1 to 

that described for Reopha;r. insecfu8~ which was originally reported from off Mexico and near the Galapagos 

Islands, between 772 and 995 fathoms. It was also 

found at 617-680 fathoms off San Diego. 

Our specimens measure between 3.5 and 6 mm (incomplete lengths), and maximum observed diameter of the 

final chamber is about 2 mm. Sand grains up to 1 mm 

in length are used in the construction of the tests, but 

the matrix consists of very fine sand and the surface is 

smoothly finished and in some specimens slightly polished in appearance. 

Reophax scorpiurus Montfort 

Plate 1, fipues 13, H 

ReophaJJ 8corpiurus Montfort, 1808, Conc.hyliologie systematique, v. 1, p. 330-331. 

This well-known and cosmopolitan species occurs in 

all but one of our samples and is common to abundant a.t 

Pamplona 8 and Kasaan Bay. 

Most of the specimens used sand grains averaging 

0.3 mm in length and included grains as long as O.R mm. 

As a result of the very large size of grains relative to 

the size of the chambers, the complete tests are very 

irregularly shaped, some appearing merely as rough 

agglon1erations of angular sand grains. 

A few specimens from Taku Harbor were built of 

finer grains (averaging 0.06 mm in diameter) but otherwise seem identical. 

Family .AMMODISCIDAE 

Genus AMMODISCUS Reuss, 1861 

Ammodiscus arenaceus (Williamson) 

Plate 2, figure 12 

Spirillina arenacea 'Yilliamson, 1858, Reeent Foram. Great 

Britain, Ray Soc .. p. 93, pl. 7, fig. 203. 

Amtnodi&c·us inccrtu8 ( d'Orbigny). Cushman, 1918. U.S. Natl. 

Mus. Bull. 104, pt. 1, p. 95, pl. 39, figs. 1-8. 

This widely recorded species has long been known 

under the name of Ammodi8C'II8 i'ncerhl8 ( d'Orbigny). 

That name, however, was shown (Loeblich and Tappan, 

1954, p. 308) to be not available for the coiled arenaceous 

tubes to which it had been given because the species 

incertu8 (originally placed in Operculina) was in reality a species of 0 ornuspira. The form described from 

Recent material around the British Isles, although 

smaller than usual for this species, seems to be the same 

as that formerly known as Anwwdi<icu8 incertus. 

A few typical specimens were found at Pamplona 4 

and at Kasaan Bay. 

Ammodiscus gullmarensis Hoglund 

Plate 2, figure 9 

Ammodiscus plantts Hoglund, 1947 (nOit Loeblich, 1946), Zool. 

Bidrag fran Uppsala, v. 26, p. 123. pl. 8, figs. 2, 3, 8; pl. 28, 

figs. 17, 18; text figs. 85-89, 105, 106, 109. 

Arnrnodiscu8 gullmarensi8 Hijglund, 1948, Cushman Lab. Foram. 

Research Contr., v. 24, p. 45. 

Phleger, 1952, Cushman Found. Foram. Research Contr., v. 

3, p. 83, pl. 13, figs. 8, 9. 

Rare specimens of this minute species were found at. 

four of our localities. The other records include Gullmar Fjord, Sweden, at 24-79 meters, and many stations 

in the Canadian and Greenland Arctic. 

Family LITUOLIDAE 

Genus HAPLOPHRAGMOIDES Cushman, 1910 

Haplophragmoides bradyi (Robertson) 

Haplophragrno,ides bradyi (Robertson). Hoglund, 1947, Zool. 

Bidrag fran Uppsala, v. 26, p. 134, pl. 10, fig. 1 ; text fig. 

111. 

Haplophragmoide.<s neobradyi Uchio, 1960, Cushman Found. 

Foram. Research Spec. Pub. 5, p. 51, pl. 1, figs. 15, 16. 

This speeies, small for the genus, is distinguished by 

its incompletely involute coiling and its very smooth 

polished wall. It has been widely recorded on both sides 

of the Atlantic, in the Antarctic, and off San Diego, 

Calif. 

Two single specimens were found at Kasaan Bay and 

ClarencP Strait. 

Haplophragmoides planissimus Cushman 

Plate 1. figure 27 

Haplopltragmoidcs plani8-«ium Cushman, 1927, Scripps Inst. 

Oceanography Bull., Tech. ser .. v. 1, no. 10, p. 135, pl. 1. 

fig. 6. 

Typical specimens of this strongly compressed and 

coarsely arenaceous species were rather common in Excursion Inlet and Taku Harbor, and a single speeimen 

was found at Pamplona 8. Previous reeords of this 

species indicate that it is found along the southern 

California coast, off Costa Rica, southern Brazil, and 

off southern British Columbia and the San J nan Islands 

of 'V ashington. 
RECENT FORAMINIFERA, GULF OF ALASKA AND SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA 

Haplaphragmoides sphaeriloculus Cushman 

Plate 1, figure 20 

llaplophragmoide.r; .r;phaet'iloculum Cushman, 1910, U.S. Natl. 

Mus. Bull. 71, pt. 1, p. 107, text fig. 165. 

Two specimens from Pamplona 4 appear to belong in 

this species. The chambers are globular but laterally 

compressed; the periphery is lobulate, the sutures are 

radial and depressed, the umbilicus is depressed, and 

the· final whorl is composed of four chambers with part 

of a fifth one showing. 

Previous records of this species indicate it is found in 

the Pacific, Atlantic, and Antarctic. 

Genus CRIBROSTOMOIDES Cushman, 1910 

This name is used for those species that differ from 

H aplophragrnoides in having an interio-areal aperture 

and from Alveolophragmi1.m1 in having a simple Instead of an alveolar wall. 

Cribrostomoides crassimargo (Norman) 

Plate 1, figure 24 

Labro.'5pira crassimargo (Norman). Hoglund, 1947, Zool. Bidrag 

fran Uppsala, v. 26, p. 141, pl. 11, fig. 1; text figs. 121-125. 

A.lveolopllragmium crassi:margo (Norman). Loeblich and Tappan, 1953, Smithsonian Misc. Colin., v. 121, no. 7, p. 29, 

pl. 3, figs. 1-3. 

This species has been reported from cold waters of 

both the Arctic and Antarctic as well as elsewhere. We 

found typical speciinens in most of our samples. 

Specimens are typically, but not invariably, orange. 

The test is deeply umbilicate and the sutures incised, resulting in a faintly lobulate periphery. The wall is 

simple and built mostly of fine material but has a few 

very large grains incorporated in, a.nd sometimes projecting outward from, the smoothly finished wall. Superficially, Oribro8tonwides crrl8Bimargo is indistinguishable fron1 AlveolophragmJum, orbiculatu.m. Stschedrina from the Japan Sea, but it is easily separable when 

the test is broken revealing the alveolar ·wall of the latter species. 

Cribrostomoides je:lfreysii (Williamson) 

Plate 1, figure 21 

Nonionina jeffreysii Williamson, 1858, Rec-ent Foram. Great Britain. Ray Soc., p. 34, :Pl. 3, figs. 72, 73. 

Labro.r;pit·a. jeffrqpsi ('Villiamson). Hoglund, 1947, Zool. Bidrag 

fr:"tn lTppsala, v. 26, p. 146, pl. 11. fig. 3: text figs. 128, 129 

on p. 139. 

Parker, 1952, Harvard Coli., l\Ius. Comp. Zoology Bull., v. 

106, no. 9, p. 401, pl. 2, figs. 15, 17-20. 

Phleger, 1952, Cushman Found. Foram. Research Contr .. v. 

3,p.85,pl.13.figs.14,15. 

A.lveolopl!ragmium jeffrey.r;i (Williamson). Loeblich and T'appan, 1953, Smithsonian Misc. Colin., v. 121, no. 7. p. 31, pl. 

3, figs. 4-7. 

Haplophragmoides columbiensis Cushman. Cushman and McCulloch, 1939 (not Cushman, 1925), Allan Hancock Pacific 

Exped., v. 6, no. 1, p. 72, pl. 5, figs. 8-10. 

Cushman, 1944, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Spec. Pub. 

12, p. 11, pl. 2, fig. 1. 

Cushman and Todd, 1947, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research 

Spec. Pub. 21, p. 4, pl. 1, fig 6. 

Parker, 1948, Harvard Coli., Mus. Comp. Zoology Bull., v. 

100,no.2,p.238,pl.4,fig.17. 

This beautiful species was found ra.rely in several of 

our samples. It is characterized by its compressed test 

that is umbilicate and incompletely involute, by its thin 

and smoothly finished wall, and by its dowward-protruding, siphunclelike aperture. 

As indicated in the above synonymy, the species is 

widely distributed in cold water of Sweden and the British Isles, North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans, and along 

the Pacific coa$t of North America. 

Cribrostomoides scitulus (Brady) 

Plate 1, figure 19 

Haplophragmium scitulum Brady, 18184, Challenger Rept., Zoology, v. 9, p. 308, pl. 34, figs. 11-13. 

Haplophragmoides scitulus (Brady). Earland, 1934, Discovery 

Repts., v. 10, p. 88, pl.10, figs. 20, 21. 

Cushman and McCulloch, 1939, Allan Hancock Pacific Exped., v. 6, no. 1, p. 78, pl. 6, fig. 4. 

Alveolophragmium scitulum (H. B. Brady). Parker, 1954, Harvard Coli., Mus. Comp. Zoology Bull., v. 111, no. 10, p. 487, 

pl. 1, figs. 20, 21. 

Rare specimens of this widely distributed cold-water 

species were found in four of our samples. It is a compact close-coiled form, nearly as thick as broad, and has 

small and usually deep umbilici. The chambers are not 

inflated, and the wall is smoothly finished. The interioareal aperture is surrounded by a sharp rim. 

Cribrostomoides veleronis (Cushman and McCulloch) 

Plate 1, figure 22 

Haplophragmoides vcleronis Cushman and McCulloch, 1939, 

Allan Hancock Pacific Exped., v. 6, no. 1, p. 82, pl. 7, fig. 2. 

Alveoloplwagmiumveleronis (Cushman and McCUlloch). Uchio, 

1960, Cushman Found. Foram. Research Spec. Pub. 5, pl. 

2, fig. 1. 

We found only four specimens on the sea ridge of this 

distinc.tive speeies that has previously been known from 

off Guadalupe Island, Mexico, and off San Diego. 

It resembles Oribro8tomoides saitulws in shape and 

texture of wall but differs in that umbilici are broad and 

deep, as a result of the coiling being not completely involute. The inner edges of the ch~Lmbers overhang the 

umbilici. Moreover, the chambers inerease more in 

breadth than in height as added, thus giving the impression that the test is flattened around the periphery. 
A16 CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEONTOLOGY 

Genus RECURVOIDES Earland, 1934 

Recurvoides contortus Earland 

Plate 1, figure 29 

Recurvoide.~ contortus Earland, 1934, Discovery Repts., v. 10, 

p. 91, pl. 10, figs. 7:.._19; 1936, idem, v. 13, p. 35, pl. 1, figs. 

20--22. 

This species was found only rarely in three of our 

samples. It was described from the Antarctic but, as 

pointed out by Earland, has been reported from other 

areas under other names and is probably widely distributed in cold or deep waters. 

It is characterized by the smooth umbilical bulge on 

one side, a result of the change of axis of coiling. Our 

specimens have a fine-grained and smoothly finished, almost glossy, surface. The interio-areal aperture surrounded by a projecting rim is well shown. Recurvoides contortus, as represented by a topotype in the 

U.S. National Museum collection (USNM 640980) is 

distinguishable from R. turbinatus (Brady), a species 

that has been widely recorded in the Arctic, by its larger 

and proportionally flatter test. 

Recurvoid·es turbinatus (Brady) 

Plate 1, figure 23 

Haploph·ragmium turbinatum Brady, 1884, Oha.Zlenger Rept., 

Zoology, v. 9, p. 312, pl. 35 fig. 9. 

Recurvoides tlwbinatus (Brady). Loeblich and Tappan, 1953, 

Smithsonian 1.\Usc. Colin., v. 121, no. 7, p. 27, pl. 2, fig. 11. 

A few typical specimens were fmind in our samples 

from Excursion Inlet. The species is characterized by 

its streptospiral coiling resulting in a test involute on 

one side and evolute on the other. The elongate areal 

aperture is set at an angle on the periphery. The chambers are not inflated but are somewhat irregular in 

shape, and the whole test appears deformed. 

The species probably has a wide distribution, mostly 

in cold 'vaters. 

Genus AMMOBACULITES Cushman, 1910 

Ammobaculites arenarius Natland 

Plate 1, figure 26 

.-tmmobaculites arenaria Natland, 1938, Scripps Inst. Oceanography Bull. Tech., ser .. Y. 4, no. 5, p. 139, pl. 3, figs. 7, 8. 

Typical specimens occur rarely in two of the samples 

from Pamplona Searidge. This species was described 

from off California and reported to occur commonly in 

the San Pedro Channel, within the depth interval of 

243-610 meters (or about 133-333 fathoms'). 

Genus AMMOTIUM Loeblich and Tappan, 1953 

Ammotium cassis (Parker) 

Plate 1. figure 25 

Ammotium cassis (Parker). Loeblich and T'appan, 1953, Smithsonian Misc. CoHn., v. 121, no. 7, p. 33, pl. 2, figs~ 12-18. 

This widley distributed Arctic and cold-water spe~ies 

occurs rather commonly in our samples from Excursion 

Inlet and Lynn Canal but was not found on the seari~ge. 

So far as we know, it is not known from the Antarctic. 

Family TEXTULARIIDAE 

Genus SPIROPLECTAMMINA CushmanJ_ 1927 

Spiroplectammina biformis (Parker and Jones) 

Plate 2, figures 4, 5 

Spiroplectammina biformis (Parker and J·ones). Oushman, 

1948, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Spec. Pub. 23, 

p. 30, pl. 3, figs. 7, 8. 

This small finely arenaceous species was found. only 

in the Excursion Inlet sample. It has been widely 

recorded from cold waters in both Northern and Southern Hemispheres. 

Family VERNEUILINIDAE 

Genus GAUDRYINA d'Orbigny, 1839 

Gaudryina arenaria Galloway and Wissler 

Plate 1, figure 28; plnte 2, figure 3 

Gaudryina arenaria Galloway and Wissler. Cushman and 

McCulloch, 1939, Allan Hancock, Pacific Exped., v. 6, no.1, 

p. 91, pl. 8, figs. 2, 3. 

This species, which is widely known in the Pliocene, 

Pleistoeene, and Recent along the 'vestern coast of 

North America. and in Japan, is found commonly or 

rarely in six of our samples frm~ both the searic~ge and 

fjordland. In most of our spem~ens the wall IS composed of finer material than in the type. . 

Occurring together with the typically angular speCImens of 'this species are a few smoothly rounded onts. 

As there appears to be gradation between these two 

extremes, they are regarded as variants. An example 

of each is illustrated. 

Family VAL VULINI:PAE 

Genus EGGERELLA Cushman, 1933 

Eggerella advena (Cushman) 

Plate 2, figure 8 

Eggcrella ad:t'ena (Cushman). Cushman, 1948, Cushman Lab. 

Foram. Research Spec. Pub. 23, p. 32, pl. 3, fig. 12. 

Loeblieh and Tappan, 1953, Smithsonian Mise. Colin., v. 121, 

no. 7, p. 36 .. pl. 3, figs. 8--10. 

Eggerella advena was eommon to rare in the five 

shallowest samples (depths from 10 to 57 fathoms). 

As noted in previous records, the finely arenaceous tests 

are reddish orange to white, smne being dark in tl~e 

early part and light colored in the final chamber. It IS 
RECENT FORAMINIFERA, GULF OF ALASKA AND SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA A17 

characteristic of cold waters although it has been found 

as far south as Baja California. 

Genus DOROTHIA Plummer, 1931 

Dorothia a:ft'. D. bradyana Cushman 

Plate 2, figures 1. 2 

Test large for the genus, only slightly wider than 

thick, tapering from the bluntly pointed initial end to 

the greatest diameter at the flaring and concave apertural end, biserial stage constituting the greatest part 

of the test, periphery lobulate; chambers distinct, inflated, lower than wide; sutures distinot, incised, 

straight; wall finely arenaceous, smoothly finished, usually roughened by the addition of a few coarse grains 

over the earliest chambers; aperture small and low, in 

the middle of the concave apertural end, at the base of 

the final chamber. Length 1.0-1.6 mm; thickness 0.65-

0.90 mm. 

This species may ultimately prove to be new. However, for the present it is regarded as ,a close relative 

of Dorothia bradyana Cushman (1937, p. 99, pl. 11, fig. 

6) which was described from 450 fathoms, off Sombrero 

Island, east of Puerto Rico. 

The present species, occurring commonly in four searidge samples, differs from types of Dorothia bradyana 

in that the chambers are much lower and more bulging 

between the incised sutures. Also, the Pamplona specimens are more nearly circular than those from the West 

Indies. 

Genus GOESELLA Cushman, 1933 

Goesella flintii Cushman 

Plate 2, figures 6, 7, 13, 21 

Goesella tlintii Cushman, 1937, Cushman J.1ab. Foram. Research 

Spec. Pub. 8, p. 118. pl. 13, figs. 17-19. 

Test irregular in shape with uniserial stage poorly 

developed and not represented in many specimens, 

tapering fron1 the bluntly pointed initial end to the 

greatest diameter at the bulging apertural end; chambers distinct, inflated; sutures distinct, depressed; ·wall 

arenaceous, composed mostly of fine material having 

scattered angular sand grains incorporated in it, 

smoothly finished on the exterior, thick and vacuolar on 

the interior but not vacuolar in all parts of the wall; 

aperture simple, large, term1inal (or arched at the final 

suture if the uniserial stage is lacking), the chamber 

wall infolded around the opening. Length 1.0-1.6 mm; 

diameter 0.7-0.9 mm. 

The presence of a vacuolar wall within this genus 

was noted in the type species, Goesella rotundata 

(Cushman, 1937, p. 117), but had not previously been 

noted in G. flintii. Examination of the type and paratypes of G. flintii reveals the existence of a vacuolar 

wall in them. In most specimens the vacuoles are present only around the central part of the test and not 

around the initial and apertural ends. But there are 

exceptions, and some specimens seem to have a simple 

wall without vacuoles in any part of it. Thus, we must 

conclude that presence or absence of a vacuolar wall is 

not of fundamental significance. 

We have illustrated specimens of both kinds; in some 

the exterior is enough eroded so that the vacuoles appear 

as coarse pores through the wall (pl. 2, fig. 21) ; in 

others a break in the wall permits us to observe that the 

wall is thin and solid and not thick and vacuolar (pl. 2, 

fig. 13); in still others breaking away of the final chamber or chambers (giving a transverse view of the wall) 

reveals the existence of radial partitions in the wall. 

Goesella flint-ii was originally described from 185 

fathoms, off San Pedro, Calif., and has been recorded 

from elsewhere off the California coast. In our material it was found only at two searidge localities, 

where it occurred commonly. 

Goesella 1 sp. 

Plate 1, figure 15 

Three specimens from Pamplona 7 seem to belong in 

this genus and to be undescribed. The multiserial 

stage is short in comparison with the tmiserial stage. 

The final chambers are distinct, being separated by 

incised sutures, and the aperture is small and depressed 

in the center of the final chamber. 

Genus K.ARRERIELLA 'Cushman, 1933 

Karreriella baccata (Schwager) 

Plate 2, figure 10 

Karreriella baccata (Schwager). Cushman, 1937, Cushman 

Lab. Foram. Research Spec. Pub. 8, p. 133, pl. 15, figs. 

20-2-::1: : vi. 16. fig. 1. 

This '"ell-know1~ species is present in considerable 

numbers in the five Pamplona sa1nples and at Kasaan 

Bay. 

The neat and smooth-surfaced construction, narrmv 

lipped aperture situated "Tholly 'vithin the final chamber~ and the rapid increase in thickness, as well as in 

width, all se1Te to characterize this species. 

Two Pliocene varieties, japonlca (Asano, 1938, p. 90, 

pl. 10~ fig. 1) and alaJSkensis (Cushman and Todd, 1947, 

p. 61, pl. 14, figs. 10, 11), were set up on the basis of 

1ninor variable features, such as shape of test and coarseness of wall; they seem undeserving o£ separate recognition. Examples of both these kinds of variable 

specimens may be found among the Pa.mplona specimens. 
A18 CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEONTOLOGY 

[{ arreriella baccata was originally described from 

the Pliocene of l{ar Nicobar and has been widely reported frmn deposits of late Tertiary age around the 

Pacific. 

Genus SCHENCKIELLA Thalmann, 1942 

Schenckiella primaeva (Cushman) 

Plate 1, fig. 10 

Clavulina primaeva Cushman, 1913, U.S. Natl. Mus. Proc., v. 

44. p. 635, pl. 80, figs. 4, 5. 

Listerella pr·i,maeva (Cushman). Oushman, 1937, Cushman 

Lab. Foram. Research Spec. Pub. 8, p. 153, pl. 17, figs. 

24-28. 

This striking species was described from off Borneo 

in 476 fathoms and has been found at various other 

deep-water localities, particularly around the Philippine Islands. 

It is characterized by its slender, evenly cylindrical 

test and its distinct but nonindented sutures. The 

suture pattern results in the appearance of annular 

rings in the uniserial part of the test but breaks down 

into an irregular pattern over the biserial and multiserial stages toward the slightly pointed initial end of 

the test. 

Specimens were found commonly only at Pamplona 

8 but occurred rarely at Pamplona 3, 5 and 7. 

Family TROCHAMMINIDAE 

Genus TROCHAMMINA Parker and Jones, 1860 

Trochammina advena Cushman 

Plate 1. figure 16 

Trochammina advena Cushman, 19,22, Carnegie Inst. Washington, 

Pub. 311, p. 20, pl. 1, figs. 2-4. 

This small species was first described from the Dry 

Tortugas and has been widely reported from various 

localities in both theN orth Atlantic and South Atlantic. 

It is characterized by its thick and compact test composed of 4 or 4lj2 chambers in the final whorl and by its 

deep ventral umbilicus. 

Typical specimens occur rarely at Pamplona 4 and 8 

and at Kasaan Bay. 

Trochammina rotaliformis J'. Wright 

Plate 1, figure lR 

Trochammina rotaliformis J. ·wright. Cushman, 1920, U.S. 

Natl. Mus. Bull. 104, pt. 2, p. 77, pl. 16, figs. 1, 2. 

Cushman and Parker, 1931. U.S. Natl. Mus. Proc., v. 80, art. 

3, p. 6, pl. 2, fig. 5. 

Cushman and McCulloch, 1939, Allan Hancock Pacific 

Exped., v. 6, no. 1, p. 107. pl. 12, fig. 2. 

Cushman, 1948, Cushman Lab. Foram. Re:-;earch Spec. Pub. 

23, p. 42, pl. 4, fig. 16. 

Loeblich and Tappan, 1953, Smithsonian Misc. Colln., v. 121, 

no. 7, p. 51, pl. 8, figs. 6-9. 

Detling, 1958, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., v. 9, p. 

26, pl. 7, fig. 12. 

Todd and Low, 1961, Cushman Found. Foram. Research 

Contr., v. 12, p. 16, pl. 1, fig. 17. 

This species is low spired and flattened and tends to 

be irregular in outline and in shape of chambers. Four 

or five uninflated chambers make up the final whorl. 

The wall is smoothly finished. 

The species has been v-videly recorded, occurring from 

tidal habitats to moderately deep water, in both the 

Atlantic and Pacific, and typical specimens were found 

in several of our samples. 

Trochammina squamata Parker and J'ones 

Plate 1, figure 17 

T'rochamn~ina squamata Parker and Jones. Parker, 1952, Harvard Coll., Mus. Comp. Zoology Bull., v. 106, no. 10, p. 460, 

pl. 3, fig. 4. 

A single specimen from Gambier Bay is entirely 

typical of thi3 small, sealelike species tha.t was originally 

described from the Runde Islands, off western Greenland. Our specimen measures 0.2 mm in diameter and 

contains seven chambers in the final whorl. The ventral 

umbilicus is small and deep. The species probably has 

a ·wide distribution in the Atlantic and Pacific although, 

from the illustrations, some of the specimens referred to 

it belong in other species. The reference included 

in the synonymy, from Long Island Sound, shows the 

clearest and best illustration of the species. 

CALCAREOUS IMPERFORATE FAMILIES 

Family MILIOLmAE 

Genus QUINQUELOCULINA d'Orbigny, 1826 

Quinqueloculina agglutinata Cushman 

Plate 2, figure 16 

Quinqueloculiua. a.gglutinata Cushman, 1917, U.S. Natl. Mus. 

Bull. 71, pt. 6, p. 43, pl. 9, fig. 2. 

Single specimens from Pamplona 3 and Lynn Canal 

are similar to the types of this species that was originally 

reported to have come from "off Alaska." These specimens have a sandy ·wall, and the chambers are rather 

angular in section. The apertural tooth is short with 

hYo broad "·ings. Length 0.75 mm, breadth 0.50 mm. 

Quinqueloculina akneriana d'Orbigny 

Plate 2, figure 22 

Quinqueloculina akneriana d'Orbigny, 1846, Foraminiferes fossiles du Bassin tertiaire de Vienna, p. 290, pl. 18, figs. 

16-21. 

This species, originally described frmn the Miocene 

of the Vienna Basin, is found abundantly to commonly 
RECENT FORAMINIFERA, GULF OF ALASKA AND SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA A19 

in six of our samples and rarely in several more. It is 

distinguished by its comparatively large triangular test, 

which is broadest in the middle and tapering toward 

both ends, and its highly polished waiL 

Quinqueloculina arctica Cushman 

Plate 2, figure 28 

Qninqueloculina arctica Cushman, 1948, Cushman Lab. Foram. 

Research Spec. Pub. 23, p. 35, pl. 4, fig. 2. 

Loeblich and Tappan, 1953, Smiths'Onian Misc. Conn., v. 

121,no.7,p.40,pl.5,figs.11,12. 

Rare but typical specin1ens were found at Excursion 

Inlet and Gambier Bay. 

Quinqueloculina frigida Parker 

Plate 2, figure 23 

Quinqueloculina friyida Parker, 1952, Harvard Coll., Mus. Comp. 

Zoology Bull., v. 106, no. 9, p. 406, pl. 3, fig. 20. 

This species, described from a depth of 37 n1eters 

( ±20 fathoms), off Portsmouth, N. H., is well represented in our material from Taku Harbor. It is characterized by its fairly large size and coarsely arenaceous but smoothly finished wall. It can be distinguished 

from Quinqueloeulina agglutinata by its rounded, not 

angular, periphery and consequently flatter test. 

Quinqueloculina seminulum (L,inne) 

Plate 2, figure 19 

Quinqueloculina seminula (Linne). Parker, 1952, Harvard 

Coli., Mus. Comp. Zoology Bull., v. 106, no. 9, p. 406, pl. 

3, figs. 21, 22; pl. 4, figs. 1, 2; 1952, idem, v. 106, no. 10, 

p. 456, pl. 2, fig. 7. 

This species has been very 'videly reported, both fossil 

and Recent. The references above illustrate it from off 

New Hampshire and in Long Island Sound in its most 

typical forms. 

In general, Q. 8eminulu,m differs from Q. ak:neriana 

in being more rounded instead of triangular in section 

and in being of nearly equal breadth throughout instead 

of tapering toward both ends. 

Quinqueloculina stalkeri Loeblich and Tappan 

Pia te 2, figure 17 

Quinqueloculina stalkeri Loeblich and Tappan, 1953, Smithsonian Misc. C'Olln., v. 121, no. 7, p. 40, pl. 3, figs. 5-9. 

This species was described from a depth of 12.8 

meters (7 fathoms) off northeast Greenland and is also 

reported from shallow water off Point Barrow, Alaska. 

It is characterized by its finely arenaceous and somewhat roughened wall. Its aperture is circular and is 

surrounded by a slightly thickened rim within which 

there is a very low and inconspicuous apertural tooth. 

The chambers are rounded in cross section, and the 

sutures are therefore distinctly depressed. The whole 

test is rather slender and of even width throughout. A 

few specimens were found in three fjordland samples. 

Quinqueloculina subrotunda (Montagu) 

Plate 2, figure 15 

Quinqueloculina subrotunda (Montagu). Parker, 1952, Harvard Coli., Mus. Comp. Zoology Bull., v. 106, no. 9, p. 406, 

pl. 4, fig. 4 . 

Jarke, 1960, Internat. Rev. Gesamten Hydrobiologie, v. 45, 

no. 4, pl. 4, fig. 2. 

Quinqueloculina disciformiJB (Macgillivray). Cushman, 1944, 

Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Spec. Pub. 12, p. 15, pl. 

2, figs. 17, 18. 

A few typical specimens of this flattened, circular, 

glossy species \Yere found at Gambier Bay. 

Genus SIGMOILINA Schlumberger, 1887 

Sigmoilina distorta Phleger and Parker 

Plate 2, figure 18 

Sigrnoilina distorta Phleger and Parker, 1951, Gool. Soc. America Mem. 46, pt. 2, p. 8, pl. 4, figs. 3-5. 

Parker, 1954, Harvard Coli., Mus. Comp. Zoology Bull., v. 

111, no. 10, p. 499, pl. 4, figs. 17, 21 ; 1958, Swedish DeepSea Exped. Repts., v. 8, Sediment Cores, no. 4, p. 256, pl. 1, 

fig. 25. 

Andersen, 1961, Louisiana Geol. Survey, Geol. Bull. 35, pt. 

2, p. 34, pl. 7, fig. 8. 

A few specimens found in three Pamplona samples 

are referred to this species, which was described from the 

Gulf of Mexico and also reported in the Mediterranean. 

It is a small species (about 0.35 m1n long), is flat, and 

tapering toward both ends, and has a glassy surface on 

which the sutures are only faintly defined. 

Genus TRILOCULINA d'Orbigny, 1826 

Triloculina rotunda d'Orbigny 

Pia te 2, figure 30 

Triloculina rottllld·a d'Orbigny, 1826, .A.nnales sci. nat., v. 7, p. 299. 

Schlumberger, 1893, Soc. zool. France Mem., v. 6, p. 206, pl. 

1, fig::;. 48-50 ; text figs. 11, 12. 

Forna,sini, 1902, Accad. sci. ist. Bologna Mem., ser. 5, v. 10, 

p. 22, fig. 12. 

Cushman and 'Vickendeu, 1929, U.S. Natl. Mus. Proc., v. 75, 

art. 9, p. 3, pl. 2, fig. 2. 

Le Oa,lvez and Le Calvez, 1958, lust. oceanog. Anuales, nouv. 

ser., v. 35, pt. 3, p. 192, pl. 6, figs. 57, 58. 

Rare typical specimens of this widely reported species 

were found on the searidge and in the fjordland area. 

They attain a rather large size, up to 1.5 mm. 
A20 CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEONTOLOGY 

Genus CRUCILOCULINA d'Orbigny, 1839 

Cruciloculina triangularis d'Orbigny 

Plate 2, figure 27 

Oruailoculina triangularis d' Orbigny, 1839, Voyage dans !'Amerique Meridionale, v. 5, pt. 5, Foraminiferes:, p. 72, pl. 9, 

figs. 11, 12·. 

Loeblich and Tappan, 1957, U.S. Natl. Mus. Bull. 215, p. 234, 

pl. 7 4, figs. 1, 2. 

Three typical specimens were found on Pamplona 

Searidge. With the exception of its cruciform aperture, the species appears to be identical with Triloculina 

tricarinata d'Orbigny. 

Genus BILOCULINELLA Wiesner, 1931 

Biloculinella globula (Bornemann) 

Plate 2, figure 14 

BUocuUna globulus Bornemann, 1855, Deutsche geol. Gesell. 

Zeitschr., v. 7, p. 349, pl. 19, fig. 3. 

Biloculinella glob1tla (Bornemann). Le Galvez and Le Galvez, 

1958, Inst. oceanog., Annales, nouv. ser., v. 35, pt. 3, p. 

201, pl. 7, fig. 76. 

Boltovskoy, 1959, Argentina Servicio Hidrografia Naval 

Pub. H1005, p. 57, pl. 6, fig. 11. 

A single typical specimen was found at Pamplona 4. 

This species described from the Oligocene of GerInany, seems to be widely distributed, both as a fossil 

and in Recent seas. The test is globular and smoothly 

rounded and has a valvelike tooth nearly filling the 

aperture. 

Genus PYRGO Defrance, 1824 

Pyrgo abyssorum (Goes) 

Plate 2, figure 25 

Biloculina aby88orurrn Goes, 1894, Kgl. Svenska Vetenskapsakad. 

Handlingar, v. 25, no. 9, p. 118, pl. 23, figs. 888, 889. 

A single specimen, about 1.5 mm in greater diameter, 

was found with specimens of Pyrgo ·vespertHio at 

Pamplona 3. It differs from P. vespertilio in the 

nature of the aperture which in this species is nearly 

completely closed by a. platelike tooth, leaving only a 

narrow curved opening between the tooth and the wall 

of the final chamber. In P. 'oespertilio, on the other 

hand, the aperture is an elongate opening, only partly 

filled by a broad and bifid tooth, thus leaving a moderately wide opening between the tooth and the wall of 

the final chamber. P. abyssorum \vas described from 

deep water ( 500-2,000 meters, that is, about 273-1,093 

fathoms) in the Arctic and around Spitzbergen. 

Similar large species of Py·rgo have been reported from 

the Antarctic and off Tasmania (Parr, 1950), where one, 

P. tsubglobulu8 Parr (1950, p. 298, pl. 7, fig. 10), possesses the same kind of aperture that is blocked by a 

plate that nearly closes it. 

Pyrgo depressa d'OTbigny 

Plate 2, figure 26 

Biloculina depressa d'Orbigny, 1826, Annales sci. nat., v. 7, p. 

298, no. 7 ; Modeles 91. 

Parker, Jones, and Brady, 1865, Annals Mag. Nat. History, 

ser. 3, v. 16, p. 33, pl. 1, fig. 4; 1871, idem, ser. 4, v. 8, p. 

247, pl. 8, fig. 5. 

Schlumberger, 1891, Soc. zool. France Mem., v. 4, p. 160, 

pl. 9, figs. 48, 49; text figs. 1-5. 

Pyrgo depressa ( d'Orbigny). Asano, 1956, Tohoku Univ. Sci. 

Repts., ser. 2 (Geology), v. 27, p. 76, pl. 9, fig. 4. 

This large and strongly compressed species occurs in 

Clarence Strait in association with P. rotalaria. 

Although P. de pres sa has been interpreted (Cushman, 

1929, p. 71, pl. 19, figs. 4, 5) as possessing a straight, narrow, linear aperture situated in the plane of (not to one 

side of) the periphery, we choose to accept the interpretation given the species by d'Orbigny's model and by 

Parker, Jones, and Brady (references above) and by 

others, namely that it is a strongly compressed species 

with an elongate, narrow -aperture situated slightly to 

one side of (but not within) the peripheral plane. 

Moreover, in our specimens the apertural opening is not 

merely a linear slit but has enlargements at each end. 

Also, among our specimens the smaller (presumably immature) specimens are elongate oval rather than circular in section. · 

The compressed specimens of Pyrgo, found commonly 

around the British Isles, that have a linear slit opening 

in the plane of the periphery probably should be identified with the species called "Biloculina ringens 

(Lamarck) var. carinata d'Orbigny" by Williamson 

(1858, p. 79, pl. 7, figs. 172-174). But "B. ringens 

carinata ( d'Qrbigny) " of Williamson is not the same 

as. Pyrgo carinata ( d'Orbigny) in which the aperture 

is enlarged at both ends as is typical of most species 

in the genus. 

Pyrgo lucernula (Schwager) 

Plate 2, figure 29 

Biloculina lucernula Schwager. 1866, No·rara Exped., Geol. Theil. 

v. 2, p. 202, pl. 4, figt-l. 14. 17. 

Pyrgo lucernula (Schwager). Cushman, Todd, and Post, 1954. 

U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 260-H, p. 340, pl. 85, fig. 24. 

This species is well represented in our material by 

typical and fairly common specimens in the Pamplona 

samples and two fjordland samples. It is characterized 

by its circular and protruding apertural neck. From a 

closely similar species, Pyrgo murrhina (Schwager), it 

is distinguished by its outline being slightly elongate 

rather than circular and by having a rounded rather 

than sharp periphery. 

Described from Kar Nicobar, this species is widely 

reported in the present-day oceans. 
RECENT FORAMINIFERA, GULF OF ALASKA AND SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA A21 

Pyrgo rotalaria Loeblich and Tappan 

Plate 2, figure 31 

Pyrgo rotalaria Loeblich and Tappan, 1953, Smithsonian Misc. 

Colln., v.121, no. 7, p. 47, pl. 6, figs. 5, 6. 

This species, described frmn deep water off southeastern Alaska, is found in Clarence Strait. Although it 

was reported to have a nearly circular aperture, reexamination of the holotype and paratypes shows the aperture to range from nearly circular to three or four times 

as long as wide. In all our specimens from Clarence 

Strait the aperture is elongate, but otherwise the specimens seem identical to the types in being nearly circular 

in outline, evenly bulging on both sides, and sharply 

keeled around the periphery. 

Pyrgo vespertilio (Schlumberger) 

Plate 2, figure 24 

Biloculina vesperti'lio Schlumberger, 1891, Soc. Zool. France, 

Mem. v. 4, p.174, pl.10, figs. 74-76; text figs. 20-22. 

Pyrgo vespertilio (Schlumberger). Andersen, 1961, Louisiana 

Geol. Survey Geol. Bull. 35, pt. 2, p. 40, pl. 8, fig. 5. 

This large species is characteristic of the Arctic and 

Antarctic but is not restricted to those areas. It was 

described from the Gulf of Gascony and also reported 

from the Gulf of Mexico. It is well represented at 

Pamplona 3, 4, and 7. 

Genus PYRGOE,LLA Cushman and White, 1936 

Pyrgoella sphaera (d'Orbigny) 

Plate 2, figure 20 

BilocuUna sphaera d'Orbigny, 1839, Voyage ·dans !'Amerique 

Meridionale, v. 5, pt. 5, lforaminiferes, p. 66, pl. 8, figs. 

13-16. 

Brady, 1884, Challenger Rept., Zoology, v. 9, p. 141, pl. 2, 

fig. 4. 

Goes, 1894, Kgl. Svenska Vetenskapsakad. Handlingar, v. 25, 

no. 9, p. 120, pl. 25, fig. 927. 

Flint, 1899, U.S. Natl. Mus., Ann. Rept. for 1897, p. 295, 

pl. 41, fig. 2. 

Pyrgoella sphaera (d'Orbigny). Le Calvez and Le Calvez, 1958, 

Inst. oceanog. Annales, nouv. ser., v. 35, pt. 3, p. 198, pl. 

7, fig. 72. 

Parker, 1958, Swedish Deep-Sea Exped. Repts., v. 8, Sediment Cores, no. 4, p. 256, pl.1, fig.14. 

Todd, 1958, Swedish Deep-Sea Exped. Repts., v. 8, Sediment 

Cores, no. 3, p. 188, pl. 1, fig. 4. 

Andersen, 1961, Louisana Geol. Survey, Geol. Bull. 35, pt. 

2, p. 42, pl. 9, figs. 7, 8. 

A single immature specimen was found at Pamplona 

3. The species is widely distributed in deep and moderately deep waters. 

237-376 0-67--:i 

Family OPHTHALMIDIIDAE 

Genus CORNUSPIRA Schultze, 1854 

Cornuspira involvens (Reuss) 

Plate 2, figure 11 

Oorn!lspira involvens (Reuss). Loeblich and Tappan, 1953, 

Smithsonian Misc. Colin., v. 121, no. 7, p. 49, pl. 7, figs. 4, 5. 

Single specimens were found in three of our samples, 

Pa1nplona 3 and 4 and Kasaan Bay. Compared with 

0 orn/nspira planorbis Schultze, this species is larger and 

more compressed, has more whorls, and the transverse 

growth lines or wrinkles on the wall tend to be more 

distinct. It appears to live deeper than 0. planorbis. 

CALCAREOUS PERFORATE FAMILIES 

Family LAGENIDAE 

Genus ROBULUS Montfort, 1808 

Robulus nikobarensis (Schwager) 

Plate 3, figures 2, 3 

Oristellaria nikobarensis Schwager, 1866, Novara Exped., Geol. 

Theil, v. 2, p. 243, pl. 6, fig. 87. 

Robulus c118hmani Galloway and Wissler, 1927, Jour. Paleontology, v. 1, p. 51, pl. 8, fig. 11. 

This species, described from the Miocene of Kar 

Nicobar, is distinguished by a rather large central umbo 

to which the curved sutures are tangent. Eight or nine 

cliambers make up the final whorl, and the periphery is 

surrounded by a keel, sharp and glassy in small specimens, limbate in large specimens. Specimens named 

Robulus cushmani, from the Pleistocene of Timms 

Point, Calif., appear to belong in this species, differing 

only in their maximum dimension, which is 1.5 mm for 

R. nikobarensis and 2.5 mm for R. dU8hmani. 

Specilnens occur in our material at Pamplona 3, 4, 5 

and 7 and Kasa.an Bay. Most of the specimens are 

more than 3 mm in greater diameter, a few are only 

about 1 mm. Most are heavy walled and opaque and 

look well worn. In some of the larger heavy-walled 

specimens, the central umbo is slightly raised and irregularly pitted. 'fhe few smaller ones are translucent 

and appear fresh. Examples of both kinds are 

i 11 ustrated. 

Robulus occidentalis (Cushman) 

Pia te 3, figure 1 

Oristellaria occidentalis Cushman, 1923, U.S. Natl. Mus. Bull. 104, 

pt. 4, p. 102, pl. 25, fig. 2 ; pl. 26, figs. 1, 2. 

Robulus occident a lis (Cushman). Cushman, 1944, Cushman 

Lab. Foram. Research Spec. Pub. 12, p. 20, pl .3, fig. 1. 
A22 CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEONTOLOGY 

Ruscelli, 1949, Ist. Geol. Paleont, e Geogr. Fisica, Univ. 

l\Iilauo, ser. P, no. 62, p. 13 (list). pl. 2, fig. 7. 

This large and variable species is represented by common specimens at three Pamplona stations. Described 

from off the northeastern coast of the {Tnited States, 

Robu1u8 occidentali.-s ~las an angled but not keeled peL'iphery, about 10 chambers making up the final "Whorl, a 

eoncave apertural face and protruding aperture, and in 

some specimens a tendency to uncoil. 

Robulus strongi Church 

Plate 3, figure 4 

Robulus stro-ngi Church, 1929, Jour. Paleontology, v. 3, p. 305, 

text fig. 3. 

Cushman and McCulloch, 1950, Allan Hancock Pacific 

Exped., v. 6. no. 6, p .. 295, pl. 37, figs. 1. 2. 

This species, described from 30 to 40 fathoms, off 

Santa Catalina Island, Calif., is found rarely at Kasaan 

Bay. It is flattened, large (about 4 mm in greater 

din1ension) , and is surrounded by a broad glassy keel. 

Robulru,.cs 8trongi has previously been recorded from 

along the coast of southern California and southward 

to Peru. 

Genus ASTACOLUS Montfort, 1808 

Astacolus planulatus Galloway and Wissler 

Plate 3, figure 5 

A.<ttacolus planu1atus Galloway and Wissler, 1927, Jour. Paleontology, v. 1, p. 46, pl. 8, fig. 5. 

Plamtlm·Ia pla mllata (Galloway and Wissler). Cushman and 

McCulloch. 1950, Allan Hancock Pacific Expe(l., v. 6, no. 

6, p. 303, pl. 40. figs. 1-5. 

The rare specimens obtained frmn the searidge sampies fit the original description well, being most distinctive in their flattened elongation and almost parallel 

sides and edges. 

Cushman and McCulloch recorded the species in the 

Pacific from a depth range of 10-160 fathoms, with an 

average depth of 51 fathoms. Our specimens came 

from depths of 85-148 fathoms on the searidge. The 

species was described from beds of Pleistocene age in 

California and has been recorded by Asano (1951b, 

p. 12, fig. 61) from the Pliocene to Recent in Japan. 

Genus MARGINULINA d'Orbigny, 1826 

Marginulina glabra d'Orbigny 

Pia te 3. figures 8, D 

Marginulina glabra d'Orbigny, 1826. Annales sci. nat .. v. 7, p. 

259. Modeles 55. 

Cushman, 1913, U.S. Natl. Mus. Bull. 71. pt. 3, p. 79, pl. 23. 

fig. 3. 

This species was found to be rare in two of the searidge samples, some speeimens oceurring as short stout 

forms (pl. 3, fig. 9) and others as more elongate forms 

up to 4 mm in length (pl. 3, fig. 8). It was described 

from the Pliocene of Italy, and although it has been 

recorded from beds as old as Jurassic, we doubt it occurs 

in sediments any older than Miocene in age. 

Recorded occurrences in the Recent are widespread 

and indicate it to be a deep-water species. Our specimens are from 95-100 fathoms. 

Genus DENTALINA d'Orbigny, 1826 

Dentalina baggi Galloway and Wissler 

Plate 3, figures 10, 11 

Dentalina baggi Galloway and Wissler, 1927, Jour. Paleontology, 

v. 1, p. 49, pl. 8, figs. 14, 15. 

Cushman and McCulloch, 1950, Allan Hancock Pacific 

Exped., v. 6, no. 6, p. 313, pl. 41, figs. 13, 14. 

Loeblieh and Tappan, 1953, Smithsonian Misc. Colin .. v. 121, 

no. 7. p. 54. pl. 9, figs. 10-15. 

Dentalina baggi was described from beds of Pleistocene age in California; its fossil record is no older than 

Plioeene with all occurrences being on the west coast of 

North Ameriea. Its Recent occurrences have been 

restricted to the eastern side of the Pacific Ocean and 

to the Arctic. 

It has a distinctively large test with a bulbous initial 

chamber \vhich exceeds the immediately succeeding 

chambers in size. Some spe~imens have a slight spine 

on the initial chamber (pl. 3, fig. 11), a fact not considered here to he of speeific importance. 

Cushman and McCulloch gave a, depth range of 

19-212 fathoms for their material. Our speeimens 

were most common at Pamplona 8 ( 133-148 fathoms) 

and in l{asaan Bay ( 47-57 fathoms). 

Dentalina decepta (Ba.gg) 

Plate 3, figure 6 

Nodosa,ria dccepta, Bagg, 1912. U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 513, p. 55, 

pl. 16, fig. 1. 

Dentalina dccepta (Bagg). Cushman and McCulloch, 1950, 

Allan Haneock Pacific ExpNl.. v. 6. no. 6. p. 311. pl. 41. 

figs. 11, 12. 

Longitudinal costae over the early part of the test 

distinguish this large speeies of Dentalina from others 

in the fauna. The largest complete specimen is about 

7.5 nun long. In addition to the several complete forms 

obtained, there were many distinguishable fragments 

of broken tests in our material. 

It was described from beds of Pleistocene age in 

California and has been recorded from the Plioeene to 

Recent of .Japan ( Asano, 1951b, p. 23, figs. 103, 104). 

The depth range given for the material diseussed by 

Cushman and McCulloch \vas 16-267 fathoms. Most 

of our specimens are from the searidge. 
RECENT FORAMINIFERA, GULF OF ALASKA AND SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA A2'3 

Dentalina aff. D. subsoluta (Cushman) 

Plate 3, figure 7 

Rare specimens from three of the searidge 8amples 

are tentatively placed in this slender arcuate species 

that was described from off the coast of Brazil 

(Cushman, 1923, p. 74, pl. 13, fig. 1). They may, 

hmvever, be only a slender variant of Detdalinn baggi 

Galloway and Wissler, being distinguished from that 

species by more bulbous chambers and more deeply 

constricted sutures. 

Genus LAGENONODOSARIA Silvestri, 1900 

Lagenonodosaria scalaris (Batsch) 

Plate 3, figure 39 

Nodosm·ia scalaris Batsch, sp. Brady. 1884, Challenger Rept., 

Zoology, v. 9, p. 510, pl. 63, figs. 23-31. 

Nodosaria. scalaris (Batsch). Cushman, 1921, lT.S. Natl. Mus. 

Bull. 100, V. 4, p. 199, pl. 35, fig. 6. 

Lagenonodosaria scalaris (Batsch). Asauo, 1956, Tohoku Univ. 

Sci. Repts., ser. 2 (Geology), v. 27, p. 26, pl. 6, figs. 5-7, 10. 

The specimens, mostly from Pamplona Searidge, do 

not exceed four chambers in length, and n1uch of the 

material consists of single detached or im1nature cha.mbers. They appear identical to Brady's figures and to 

the Albatross material studied by Cushman. 

Brady's recorded depth was 95 fathoms and CushInan's was 24-890 fathoms with an average of 27 4 

fathoms. The depths of our samples are 85-100 fathoms, with one occurrence at about 12 fathoms. 

By regarding Lagenonodosaria as a megalospheric 

form and Arrnphicoryne as a microspheric form, Lagenonodosar£a may be included as a synonym of Amph~:­

coryne Schlumberger, 1881. But for convenience in referring to the present speci1nens among which no Amphicoryne-forms were observed, we will maintain the 

two as separate genera. 

Genus PSEUDONODOSARIA Boomgaart, 1949 

Pseudonodosaria radicula (Linne) 

Plate 3, figure 12 

Nodosaria mdicula Linne. Parker and Jone~. 1865, Royal Soc. 

[London] Philos. Trans., v. 155, p. 341. pl. 13, figs. 2-7. 

Brady, 1884, Ollalle11{/C1' Rept. Zoology. Y. 9. p. 495, pl. 61. 

figs. 28-31. 

Cushman. 1921, U.S. Natl. Mus. Bull. 100, v. 4, p. 190, pl. 34, 

fig. 4. 

A few specimens from Pamplona 7 ancl8 are referred 

to this species that has been reported ·widely in cold and 

deep waters. 

Our largest specimen is 2.-! mmlong, and the diameter 

of the final chamber is about 0.6 mm in all of the individuals. The species is eharacterized by inflated anct 

nonembracing ehambers and constricted sutures. 

Genus VAGINULINOPSIS Silvestri, 1904 

Vaginulinopsis bacheii (Bailey) 

JJiarginu.lina baclwii Bailey, 1851, Smithsonian Contr., v. 2, p. 10, 

pl., figs. 2-6. 

Cushman, 1923, U.S. Natl. Mus. Bull. 104, pt. 4, p. 129, pl. 

36, figs. 7-9. 

Parker, 1948, Harvard Con., Mus. Oomp. Zoology Bull, v.100, 

p. 239 (list) , pl. 3, fig. 1. 

Cushman and McCulloch, 1950, Allan Hancock Pacific Exped., v. 6, no. 6, p. 309, pl. 40, fig. 12. 

A few large, robust, well-worn and stained individuals were found at Pamplona ± and 7. Most are about 

3 mm in length (but one is 6 mm long), 0.7-0.9 mm in 

breadth, and about 0.65 mm in thickness. They have 

smooth surfaces and the sutures aro3 indistinct, neither 

thickened nor raised. The radiate aperture is slightly 

protruding. The initial end shows an incipient coil, 

and the tests are compressed throughout. 

lllarginulina bacheii was described from off New York 

and has been reported in both the Atlantic and the Pacific. Because of its compression, it is transferred to 

F aginnlinopsi8. The present specimens, although showing considerable variation, fall within the probable 

limits of this species. 

Genus FRONDICULARIA Defrance, 1824 

Frondicularia gigas Church 

Plate 3, figure 33 

Frondicularia gigas Church, 1929. Jour. Paleontology, Y. 3, p. 303. 

text figs. 1, 2. 

Cushman and McCulloch, 1950, Allan Hancock Pacific Exped., v. 6. no. 6, p. 327, pl. 43, figs. 1-4. 

Typical specimens of this large species occur in Pamplona 3, 4 and 7 and l{asaan Bay. Our specimens attain 

a length of more than 5 mm. They have only a simple 

spine at the initial end, not a cluster of spines as on the 

types. The species has previously been reported only 

off California. 

Genus LAGENA Walker and Jacob, 1798 

Lagena amphora Reuss 

Lagena am1phora Reuss, 1862, Akad. Wiss. Wien Sitzungsher., Y. 

46. pt. 1, p. 330, pl. 4, fig. 57. 

Cushman and McCulloch, 1950, Allan Hancock Pacific Exped., v. 6, no. 6, p. 329, pl. 43, figs. 11-14. 

Single specimens from Pamplona 8 and Clarence 

Strait seem to belong in this species that was first described from the Oligocene of Germany. It has also 

been reported from along the western coasts of North 

and South America. 

This species is distinguished by its high platelike 

eostae and slender, tapering apertural neck. 
A24 CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEONTOLOGY 

Lagena distoma Parker and Jones 

Plate 3, figure 18 

Lagena distoma Parker and Jones in Brady, 1864, Linnean Soc. 

London Trans., v. 24, p. 467, pl. 48, fig. 6. 

Flint, 1899, U.S. Natl. Mus., Ann. Rept. for 1897, p. 306, pl. 

53, fig. 5. 

This rare but widely represented species was found 

in four of our samples. It is a minute and fragile 

species, 0.10-0.13 mm in diameter, with a transparent 

wall on which the faint costae stand out as light lines. 

Both apical and apertural ends are drawn out into hairsize tubes, and, in many specimens, these slender extensions are broken off. 

Lagena elongata (Ehrenberg) 

Plate 3, figure 22 

Lagena elongata Ehrenberg, sp. Brady, 1884, Challenger Rept., 

Zoology, v. 9, p. 457, pl. 56, fig. 29. 

Flint, 1899, U.S. Natl. Mus., Ann. Rept. for 1897, p. 306, pl. 

53, fig. 1. 

Hada, 1931, Tohoku Imp. Univ. Sci. Rept., ser. 4, Biology, v. 

6. p. 104, text fig. 59. 

Cushman and McCulloch, 1950, Allan Hancock Pacific 

Exped., v. 6, no. 6. p. 338, pl. 44, fig. 14. 

Lagena gracillima Seguenza, sp. Brady (part), 1884, Challenger 

Rept., Zoology, v. 9, p. 456, pl. 56, figs. 27, 28 (not figs. 19-

26). 

This species is similar in shape to Lagena distoma but 

is larger and unornamented. The species consists of a 

simple tube of even diameter (not bulging at its mid 

point as does Lagena gracillima) that is drawn out 

toward both ends into tubes of smaller diameter. 'There 

is a thickened lip around the apertural opening, and the 

basal tube is usually broken off. Diameter of the main 

body of the test is 0.15-0.19 mm. 

This cosmopolitan spee.ies is found in both warn1 and 

cold waters, and there are reported occurrences in the 

Arctic and Antarctic. 

Lagena hispidula Cushman 

Lagena histJidula Cushman, 1913, U.S. Natl. Mus. Bull. 71, pt. 3, 

p. 14, pl. 5, figs. 2. 3. 

A single typical specimen was found at Pamplona 4. 

The species was described from several deep-water stat ions in various parts of the North Pacific, the shal-

]owest at 518 fathoms. The species has also been reported from many other Recent localities-several 1n 

the Antarctic-and from a few fossil localities. 

Lagena laevis (:Montagu) 

Plate 3, figure 17 

r ermiculutn laeve Montagu, 1803, Testacea Britannica, p. 524. 

Lagena laevis Williamson, 1848, Annals· Ma:g. Nat. History, 

ser. 2, v. 1, p. 12, pl. 1, figs. 1, 2. 

Brady, 1884, Challenger Rept., Zoology, v. 9, p. 455, pl. 56, 

figs. 7-14, 30. 

Flint, 1899, U.S. Natl. Mus., Ann. Rept. for 1897, p. 306, pl. 

53, fig. 6. 

Hada, 1931, Tohoku Imp. Univ. Sci. Rept., ser. 4, Biology, 

v. 6, p.102, text fig. 56. 

Cushman, 1933, U.S. Natl. Mus. Bull. 161, pt. 2, p. 19, pl. 4, 

fig. 5. 

Cushman and Gray, 1946, Cushman La'b. Foram. Research 

Spec. Pub. 19, p. 18, pl. 3, figs'. 21-23. 

Dorsey, 1948, Maryland Dept. Geology, Mines and Water 

Resources Bull. 2, p. 289, pl. 31, figs. 9, 10. 

Cushman, 1948, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Spec. Pub. 

23, p. 47, pl. 5, fig. 11. 

Cushman and McCulloeh, 1950, Allan Hancock Pacific 

Exped., v. 6, no. 6, p. 341, pl. 45, figs.14-16. 

Loeblich and Tappan, 1953, Smithsonian Misc. Colin., v. 121, 

no. 7,p.51,pl. 11,figs.5-8. 

Lagena vulgaris Williamson, 1858, Recent Foram. Great Britain, 

Ray Soc., p. 3, pl. 1, fig. 5. 

This well-known and widely reported species has a 

simple but highly variable shape and size. Our specimens are rather uniform, consist of a teardrop chamber 

about 0.28 mm in diameter and about 0.40 mm in length, 

have a slender neck, and are translucent in appearance. 

Lagena laevis is found in three searidge samples, 

and there are several specimens at each locality. 

Lagena meridionalis Wiesner 

Plate 3, figure 21 

Lagena gracilis var. meridionalis Wiesner, 1931, Deutsche 

Siidpolar-Exped., v. 20, Zoologie, p. 117, pl. 18, fig. 211. 

Lagena, rneddionalis Wiesner. Loeblich and T'appan, 1953, 

Smithsonian Misc. CoHn., v. 121, no. 7, p. 62, pl. 12, fig. 1. 

Lagena, gracilis Williamson. Brady (part), 1884, Challenger 

Rept., Zoology, v. 9, p. 464, pl. 58, fig. 19 (not figs. 2, 3, 

7-10, 22-24). 

This minute costat-e species is distinguished by its 

ornamentation in which short and long costae alternate. 

As a result, the main body of the test is covered by fine, 

sharp costae, and each alternate costa disappears toward 

the bluntly tapering base of the test and the more 

sharply tapering apertural end of the test. 

Lagena merid/onalis is similar to L. am~phora. They 

are both eostate but differ in that the eostae of L. meridionalis are finer, lower, and more numerous, and do not 

extend onto the neck, whereas those of L. ampho,ra are 

high, platelike, and do extend completely onto the a:pertural neck. 

L. 1neridionalis was described from a depth of 385 

meters (about 210 fathoms) in the Antaretie and has 

also been reported from the Arctic. It was found 

rarely at Pamplona 4 and 7 and at J{asaan Bay. 
RECENT FORAMINIFERA, GULF OF ALASKA AND SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA A25 

Lagena pliocenica Cushman and Gray 

Plate 3, figure 19 

Lagena pliocenica Cushman and Gray, 1946, Cushman Lab. 

Foram. Research Spec. Pub. 19, p. 19, pl. 3, figs. 39-42. 

This species, known from the Pliocene to Recent along 

the west coast of North America and in Japan, is represented in our material by rare individuals from the 

searidge. 

The species appears to be variable in shape. Our specimens are more globular than the types which tend to 

have a flattened base. Ornamentation consists of about 

12 heavy but short costae surrounding a central smooth 

area at the base of the test and of several faint costae 

spiralling along the length of the apertural neck. Lagena crenata Parker and Jones ( 1865, p. 420, pl. 18, fig. 

! ) is somewhat similar in having basal costae, but the 

costae are more numerous and the test is more conical 

than globular in shape. L. pliocenica is rather like a 

specimen of L. laev-is with the addition of ornamentation. 

Lagena striata (d'Orbigny) 

Plate 3, figure 20 

Oolina striata d'Orbigny, 1839, Voyage dans !'Amerique Meridionale, v. 5, pt. 5, Foraminiferes, p. 21, pl. 5, fig. 12. 

Lagena striata ( d'Orbigny). Heron-Allen and Ear land, 1932, 

Discovery Repts., v. 4, p. 366, pl. 10, figs. 10-12. 

Boltovskoy, 1954, Inst. Nac. Inv. Cienc. Nat., Mus. Argentino, Cienc. Nat. * * * Rev., v. 3, no. 3, p. 151, pl. 6, figs. 

2, 3. 

Asano, 1956, Tohoku Univ. Sci. Repts .. ser. 2 (Geology), 

v. 27, p. 32. pl. 5, figs. 28, 29. 

Jarke, 1960, Internat. Rev. Gesamten Hydrobiologie, v. 45, 

pt. 4, pl. 5, fig. 2. 

Andersen, 1961, Louisiana Geol. Survey, Geol. Bull. 35, pt. 

2, p. 78, pl. 16, fig. 15. 

Our specimens, occurring rarely on the searidge and 

at I\:asaan Bay, are typical of this species as described 

from off the Falklands. It has been widely reported 

from both cold and warm waters, and specimens show 

great variability in shape. and strength of costae. Our 

specimens, however, are quite uniform. They are 0.20-

0.25 mm in diameter; the slender neck arises abruptly 

from the body of the test; the costae are \·ery fine, delicate, m·enly spaced, and there are more than 50 around 

the circumference of tl1e test. The neck is also ornamented by a few oblique costae spiralling around it. 

Family POLYMORPHINIDAE 

Genus GUTTULINA d·'Orbigny, 1839 

Guttulina cf. G. orientalis Cushman and Ozawa 

Five large poorly preserved specimens from depths 

of about 100 fathoms on the searidge compare closely 

with Guttulina orientali.<s Cushman and Ozawa (1928, 

p. 15, pl. 2, fig. 1) , described from upper Pliocene sediments in Japan. The species has also been reported 

(Cushman and Ozawa, 1930, p. 24, pl. 3, figs. 2, 3) from 

dredgings of Recent sediments off Japan at depths of 

100 and 114 fathoms. The present specimens are between 1.6 and 2 mm in length and appear worn and 

stained. Perforations of the wall, such as result from 

fistulose outgrowths on polymorphinids, are present 

near the a pert ural end. Opaqueness of the surface obscures the exact chalnher arrangement. 

Genus SIGMO:MORPHINA Cushman and Ozawa, 1928 

Sigmomorphina trilocularis (Bagg) 

Plate 3, figures 15, 16 

Polymorphina triloculads Bagg, 1912, U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 

513, p. 75, pl. 22, figs. 15-18. 

S·igmomorphina trilocularis (Bagg). Cushman and Ozawa, 1930, 

U.S. Natl. Mus. Proc., v. 77, art. 6, p. 136, pl. 36, fig. 5. 

Records sho\Y this species occurs in the upper Tertiary and Recent sediments of Japan, the west coast of 

North America, and the North Pacific area. The present specimens vary in size, with a maximum length of 

2.5 mm and a maximum breadth of 0.75Inm. The shape 

of the test is also variable with the sutures more deeply 

depressed in some specimens and the chamber arrangement giving a more twisted appearance in some than 

in others (pl. 3, fig. 15). 

The state of preservation ranges from fairly fresh, 

translucent surfaces to worn, opaque tests and c.asts. 

Genus POLYMORPHINA d'Orbigny, 1826 

Polymorphina charlottensis ·Cushman 

Plate 3, figure 13 

Polytnorphina charlottensis Cushman, 1925, Cushman Lab. 

Foram. Research Contr., v. 1, pt. 2, p. 41, pl. 6, fig. 9. 

Cushman and Todd, 1947, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research 

Spec. Pub. 21, p. 12, pl. 2, fig. 11. 

This species was described from material from a 

depth of 25 fathoms in Queen Charlotte Sound, and 

most of the subsequent records ha Ye been frmn Recent 

and upper Tertiary sediments of the northern Pacific. 

Illustrations of specimens from heels of middle Pliocene 

age in the Nether lands (ten Dam and Reinhold, 1941, p. 

51, pl. 3, figs. 2, 3) also seem to compare favorably with 

this identification. Polymorphina charlotten . .'fi.~J occurs 

rarely in six of our samples, depths ranging from 25 to 

1 !8 fathoms. Many of our specimens are much worn, 

opaque, and even filled. 

Polymorphina kincaidi Cushman and Todd 

Plate 3, figure 14 

Polymorphina kincaidi Cushman and Todd, 1947, Cushman Lab. 

Foram. Research Spec. Pub. 21, p. 12, pl. 2, figs. 9, 10. 
A26 CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEONTOLOGY 

Although many of our specimens of Polynwrphina 

kincaidi from the searidge show signs of abrasion, the 

general shape of the test and the longitudinal costae 

make the identification fairly certain. Since being described from Recent shallow sediments from the coast 

of Washington, this species has been recorded only 

twice: beds of questionable Pliocene age on Amchitka 

island (Cushman and Todd, 1947, p. 64, pl. 15, figs. 

16, 17) and Pliocene formations of Japan coastal areas 

( Asano, 1951a, p. 9, fig. 42). 

Family BULDIINIDAE 

Genus BULIMINELLA Cushman, 1911 

Buliminella elegantissima (d'Orbigny) 

Plate 3, figure 36 

B 11 Uminella elegantissima ( d'Orbigny) Cushman. Cushman and 

Parker, 1947, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 210-D, p. 67, 

pl. 17, figs. 10-12. 

The diverse habitats of this species render it comparatively useless for close ecologic interpretation. It was 

common in the Excursion Inlet sample, but the only 

other specimen found in our material was in the sample 

from Lynn Canal. The specimens appear to have been 

living where collected. In addition to their fresh appearance, they show a faint green coloration through the 

translucent wall, a condition noted in specimens of 

Elphidhrm galroestonense Kornfeld, known to have been 

living when studied from the island of Martha's Vineyard, Mass. (Todd and Low, 1961, p. 19). 

Buliminella subfusiformis Cushman 

Plate 3, figure 37 

Bulltninella, subfu:siformis Cushman, 1925, Cushman Lab. Foram. 

Research Contr., v. 1, pt. 2, p. 33, pl. 5, fig. 12. 

Cushman and Parker, 1947, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 

210-D, p. 64, pl. 16, fig. 21. 

Bulimi~nella subfrttsiformis was described from the 

Monterey Shale (Miocene) in California and has since 

been recorded mostly from Tertiary sediments. Our 

specimens compare closely with the types, having distinctly depressed sutures and rounded chambers resulting in a lobulate periphery. They differ from specimens 

of Bulimi-na exilis var. tenuata (Cushman)-originally 

described as a variety of Buliminella. subfru8iforuris from 

Recent sediments in the eastern Pacific-in not being 

long and slender. Also, the periphery of Bulimina 

e.:cil i8 var. tenua.ta is smooth, not lobulated as in Buliminr?lla subfu8iformi8. 

Genus GLOBOBULIMINA Cushman, 1927 

Globobulimina auriculata (Bailey) 

Plate 3, figure 38 

Uulimina. auriculata Bailey, 1851, Smithsonian Contr., v. 2, art. 3, 

p. 12, pl., figs. 25-27. 

Bu.limina (Deslnobulimitla) auriculata Bailey. Cushman and 

Parker, 1940, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., v. 

16, p. 20, pl. 3, figs. 19-21. 

Globobulimina (Desinobulirnina) auriculata (Bailey). Parker 

1952, Harvard Coll., Mus. Comp. Zoology Bull., v. 106, no. 

9, p. 416, pl. 5, fig. 29. 

Globobulirnina auriculata is widely distributed in 

upper Tertiary and Recent sediments. No attempt is 

made here to separate the specimens into the geographical formae or subspecies determined by Hoglund 

(1947). Our specimens are abundant in Kasaan Bay 

and Clarence Strait. They are distinctly translucent 

and show the internal spiral tube culminating in the earshaped tooth. 

Genus VIRGULIN A d'Orbigny, 1826 

Virgulina fusiformis (Willia.mson) 

Plate 3, figure 35 

Bulimina pupoides d'Orbigny var. fusijormis Williamson, 1858, 

Recent Foram. Great Britain, Ray Soc., p. 63, pl. 5, figs. 

129, 130. 

Virgulina fusijorrnis (Williamson). Parker, 1952, Harvard 

Con., Mus. Comp. Zoology Bull., v. 106, no. 9, p. 417, pl. 6, 

figs. 3-6. 

The species has been recorded only from North At.-

lantic waters (around the British Isles, off Sweden, 

Canadian and Greenland Arctic, and off New England) . 

Four specimens obtained from the Clarence Strait sample seem to belong to this species although our material 

is very small and more translucent and less pe.rforate 

than ·the specimens from off Portsmouth, N.H., in the 

U.S. National Museum collections. (See Parker reference in synonymy.) 

Genus BOLIVINA d'Orbigny, 1839 

Bolivina alata (Seguenza) 

Plate 4, figures 6, 7 

Bolivina alata. ( Seguenza). Cushman, 1937, Cushman Lab. 

Foram. Research Spec. Pub. 9, p. 106, pl. 13, figs. 3-11. 

Bol-ivina pseudobeyrichi Cushman. Cushman, 1937, idem, p. 

139, pl. 19, figs. 4, 5. 

Excellent specimens of Bol·tvina alata (Seguenza) 

were found in abundance from a depth of 215 fathoms 

in Clarence Strait; it was not found, even rarely, in any 

other sample studied. The material appears fresh; the 

spinose keel is well preserved, and tops of early chambers are elearly visible through the perforate glassy 

wall. 

The abundance of specimens has emphasized the 

range of variability within the species, indicating that 

the separation of B. pseudobeyrichi Cushman does not 

seem valid. There are both long and short forms with 

a distinct variance in the shape of the chambers. 

Mostly, however, the back\vard curvature of the cham-
RECENT FORAMINIFERA, GULF OF ALASKA AND SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA A27 

bers favors the chamber shape attributed to B. alata. 

'_l'he sutures are depressed but not li1nbate, only appearIng to be so because the keel of preceding chambers is 

visible through the glassy wall. The perforations are 

coarse but ra.ther widely spaced in the otherwise smooth 

wall surface. In most specimens the elongate narrow 

aperture has a distinct, raised lip. 

The species was described from the Pleistocene of 

Italy, and most of its recorded occurrences as Boli1.-1ina 

a lata are from the upper Tertiary and Recent sedi1nents 

of the Mediterranean area. Irt has also been recorded 

and illustrated from the upper Tertiary sediments in 

Georges Bank canyons (Cushman, 1936, p. 431, pl. 5, 

fig. 9). Records of Recent occurrences of the species as 

B. pseudobeyrichi show it to be widely represented in 

the eastern Pacific Ocean at depths of 55-500 fathoms 

(Cushman and McCulloch, 1942, p. 203, pl. 25, figs. 

1-3). 

Bolivina decussata Brady 

Plate 4, figure 11 

Bolivina decussata H. B. Brady, 1884, Challenger Rept., Zoo-logy, 

v. 9, p. 423, pl. 53, figs. 12, 13. 

Cushman, 1937, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Spec. 

Pub. 9, p. 125, pl. 16, figs. 7-9. 

Typical specimens, distinctive in their sugary appearance, were found in all but two of our samples 

making this the most northern occurrence so far of 

this species. Previous records have been restricted to 

the colder and deeper waters of the Pacific 1nostlv in ' ~ the Southern Hemisphere but a few oecurrenees near 

Japan. 

Specimens from the Monterey shale (Miocene) of 

California attributed to this species (Cushman, 1925, 

p. 31, pl. 5, fig. 6) appear to be too thick to be 

true decu::ssata, which is smaller and compressed. 

Bolivina oceanica Cushman 

Plate 4, figure 13 

Bolivina oceunica Cushman, 1933, Cushman Lab, Foram. 

Research Contr., v. 9, p. 81, pl. 8, fig. 10. 

Only two specimens were found in Pamplona 7, frmn 

a depth of 100 fathoms. They compare favorably with 

the types of Bolh•ina oceanica Cushman described from 

deep '"aters of the tropical Pacific. The species has 

also been recorded from short cores from San ,Jorge 

Gulf, Argentina (Boltovskoy, 195:l:a). 

Bolivina pacifica Cushman and McCulloch 

Plate 4, figure ,14 

Bolivina acerosa Cushman var. pacifica Cushman and McCulloch, 1942, Allan Hancock Pacific Exped., v. 6, no. 4, p. 185, 

pl. 21, ·figs. 2, 3. 

Bolit1ina pacifica Cushman and McCulloch. 'Val,ton, 1955, Jour. 

Paleontology, v. 29, p. 1002, pl. 102, fig. 4. 

BoUvina pseudopunctata Hoglund, 1947, Zool. Bidrag fran 

UppS'ala, v. 26, p. 273, pl. 24, fig. 5; pl. 32, figs. 23, 24 ; 

text figs. 280,, 281, 287. 

Parker, 1952, Harvard CoB., Mus. Comp. Zoology Bull., 

v. 106, uo. 9, p. 414, pl. 5, figs. 20, 21. 

Loeblich and Tappan, 1953, Smithsonian Misc. CoHn., v. 121, 

no. 7, p. 111, pl. 20, figs. 13, 14. 

This species was originally described from 10 fathoms 

in the Gulf of California. In Todos Santos Bay, Baja 

California, however, Walton (1955, p. 1002) found its 

peak distribution to be 50-100 fathoms. It occurs in 

three of our samples at depths ranging frmn 85 to 100 

fathoms and in one (I(asaan Bay) at a depth of 47-57 

fathoms. 

Our specimens are fresh, and the structure is easily 

seen. The species is distinctive; the early part of each 

chamber is finely punctate and the later part of the 

chamber, in most specimens, is imperforate and transparent. This glassy part topping the chambers strongly 

accents the angled sutures. 

The majority of recorded occurrences are from off the 

west coast of North America and from parts of the 

North Atlantic Ocean and the Arctic. Bolivina 

pacifica appears not to occur in warm waters. Specimens identified as Bolivina pseudop~tnctata Hoglund 

(Todd and Bronnimann, 1957, p. 33, pl. 8, fig. 11) from 

the Gulf of Paria, Trinidad, do not belong in this 

species. In those specimens, the perforations are 

coarser, resulting in a sugary appearance, the sutures 

are not as oblique as in B. pacifiea, and the early part of 

the test is distinctly and evenly striate. 

Bolivina subaenariensis Cushman 

Plate 4, figure 8 

Bolivina sub.aenat·iensis Cushman, 1922, U.S. Natl. Mus. Bull. 

104,pt.3, p.46, pl. 7, fig.6. 

The single specimen found in Clarence Strait compares well with the types from near Nantucket off the 

northeast shore of North America. Although the a perture and final chamber are broken, the slight keel, apical 

spine, and costae over the early part are intact. 

Most of the records of this species, including the variants (Todd, 1958, p. 193), are from the Atlantic Ocean, 

the Mediterranean, and the Gulf of Mexico. Saidova 

(1960, p. 107, text fig. 6 (map)) has reported it without 

illustration from the Okhotsk Sea, the closest area in 

its recorded distribution to our source of material. 

Subgenus LOXOSTOMUM Ehrenberg, 1854 

Bolivina (Loxostomum) porrecta (Brady) 

Plate 4, figure 12 

Lo:rostorna po·rrectum (H. B. Brady). Cushman, 1937, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Spec. Pub. 9, p. 190, pl. 22, 

figs. 7-10. 
A28 CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEONTOLOGY 

This widely recorded species occurs rarely in two of 

the Pamplona samples. 

Genus FISSURINA Reuss, 1850 

Fissurina agassizi Todd and Bronnirnann 

Plate 3, figure 30 

Fissnrina agassizi Todd and Bronnimann, 1957, Cushman 

Found. Foram. Research Spec. Pub. 3, p. 36, pl. 9, fig. 14. 

A single specimen from Pamplona 3 is referred to this 

species described from the Gulf of Paria, Trinidad. 

Except for its larger size (about 0.30 mm in length and 

0.25 mm in diameter), it seems identical in consisting of 

a simple globular test that is compressed toward one end 

where an elongate slit serves as the apertural opening. 

Fissurina cucurbitaserna Loeblich and Tappan 

Plate 3, figure 23 

Fissurina ouourbitasema Loeblich and Tappan, 1953, Smithsonian Misc. Colln., v. 121, no. 7, p. 76, pl. 14, figs. 10, 11, 

Rare but typical specimens were found at Pamplona 

3. This small species, resembling a melon seed in shape, 

was described from Ungava Bay and reported from 

various other localities in Arctic Canada and off Greenland and northern Alaska. It has also been recorded 

from the Barents Sea and from off the coasts of California and Oregon. 

Fissurina lucida (Williamson) 

Pia te 3, figure 31 

Entosolenia marginata var. lucida Williamson, 1848, Annals 

Mag. Nat. History, ser. 2, v.1, p.17, pl. 2, fig.17. 

Entosolenia lucida Williamson. Cushman and Gray, 1946, 

Cushman Lab. Foram, Research Spec. Pub. 19, p. 30, 

pl. 5, figs. 16-18. 

Cushman, 1949, Inst. royal sci. nat. Belgique, Mem. 111, 

p. 35, pl. 7, fig. 2. 

Fissurina lucida (Williamson). Lo~blich and Tappan, 1953, 

Smithsonian Misc. Colln., v. 121, no. 7, p. 76, pl. 14, fig. 4. 

Detling, 1958, Cushman Found. Foram. Research Contr., 

v. 9, p. 27, pl. 7, fig. 15. 

This widely recorded species is represented by excellent specimens in Pamplona 3, 4, 7, and 8 and in the 

samples from Clarence Strait and Excursion Inlet. 

This is a relatively large species for this genus. Our 

specimens range from 0.50 to 0.60 mm in length, 0.40 

to 0.48 mm in breadth, and 0.28 to 0.32 mm in thickness. 

They are surrounded by a narrow keel on the periphery, 

and the flattened faces are somewhat translucent with a 

broad opaque band just within the periphery making a 

horseshoe pattern on the face of the test. 

Genus OOLINA d'Orbigny, 1839 

Oolina apiopleura (Loeblich and Tappan) 

Plate 3, figure 24 

Lagena apiopleura Loeblich and Tappan, 1953, Smithsonian Misc. 

Colin., v. 121, no. 7, p. 59, pl. 10, figs. 14, 15. 

Asano, 1956, Tohoku Univ. Sci. Repts., ser. 2 (Geology), v. 

27, p. 30, pl. 5, fig.s. 26, 27. 

Jarke, 1960, Internat. Rev. Gesamten Hydrobiologie, v. 45, 

no. 4, pl. 6, fig. 10. 

Lagena acuticosta Reuss. Cushman, 1944, Cushman Lab. Foram. 

Research Spec. Pub. 12, p. 20, pl. 3, fig. 5. 

This species and Oolina boreali8 are similar, both 

being covered by smooth, robust, well-separated longitudinal ribs. They differ in the following respects : 0. 

apiopleura is smaller (diameter about 0.20 mm) and 

somewhat elongated, whereas 0. borealis is larger (diameter about 0.40 mm) and more nearly globular; the 

apertural opening is surrounded by a definitely raised 

smooth area like a collar in 0. borealis, whereas in 0. 

apiopleura the ribs grade onto the short apertural neck; 

there are fewer ribs (about 11) on 0. apiopleura than 

on 0. borealis (about 16), the difference being a result of 

the difference in size. In both species, the apertural 

neck is very short. The internal tube, visible only 

through a broken chamber wall, barely projects into the 

chamber cavity. 

0. apiopleura was originally described from off Point 

Barrow, Alaska, and has been recorded from northwest 

Greenland, Ungava Bay in Northeastern Canada, the 

Barents Sea, the continental shelf off Japan, and off 

northern New England. Other reported occurrences, 

including occurrences under other names, indicate that 

this species is a widespread one, mostly in cold waters. 

Oolina borealis Loeblich and Tappan 

Plate 3, figure 34 

Oolina borealis Loeblich and Tappan, 1954, Washington Acad. 

Sci. Jour., v. 44, no.12, p. 384. 

Entosolenia costata Williamson, 1858 (not Oolina costata Egger, 

1857), Recent Foram, Great Britain, Ray Soc., p. 9, pl. 1, 

fig. 18. 

Lagena costata (Williamson). Cushman, 1944, Cushman Lab. 

Foram. Research Spec. Pub. 12, p. 21, pl. 3, fig. 4. 

Cushman and Todd, 1947, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research 

Spec. Pub. 21, p. 10, pl. 2, fig. 1. 

Cushman and McCulloch, 1950, Allan Hancock Pacific Exped., v. 6, no. 6, p. 335, pl. 44, fig. 7. 

Oolina costata OVilliamson). Parker, 19o2, Harvard Coli., Mus. 

Gomp. Zoology Bull., v. 106, no. 9, p. 409, pl. 4, figs. 20, 21. 

Loeblich and Tappan, 1953, Smithsonian Misc. Colin., v. 121, 

no. 7, p. 68, pl.13, figs. 4-6. 

Boltovskoy, 1954, Inst. Nac. Inv. Cienc. Nat., Mus. Argentino, Cienc. Nat. * * * Rev., v. 3, no. 3, p. 156, pl. 6, fig. 7. 

This species was originally described from off the 

British Isles. It has a probably worldwide distribution 

in cold waters. Its morphology and distinguishing 

characteristics are discussed with those of Oolina apioplet~;ra to which it is similar and possibly related. 
RECENT FORAMINIFERA, GULF OF ALASKA AND SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA A29 

Oolina hexagona (Williamson) 

Plate 3, figure 28 

Oolina hemagona (Williamson). Loeblich and Tappan, 1953, 

Smithsonian Misc. CoHn., v. 121, no. 7, p. 69, pl. 14, figs. 

1, 2. 

Andersen, 1961, Louisiana Geol. Survey, Geol. Bull. 35, pt. 

2, p. 98, pl. 20, fig. 19. 

Two single specimens, from Pamplona 3 and 7, are 

referred to this widely recorded species. It is distinguished by its honeycomb surface jn which the pits are 

arranged at random and not alined. Our specimens are 

about 0.12 mm in diameter and have a very short apertural neck extending out from the tapering apertural 

end of the test. 

Oolina laevigata d'Orbigny 

Plate 3, figure 32 

Oolina laevigata d'Orbigny, 1839, Voyage dans Amerique Meridionale, v. 5, pt. 5, Foraminiferes, p. 19, pl. 5, fig. 3. 

Todd, 1957, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 294-F, p. 224 

(table 1), pl. 29, figs. 5, 8 [1958]. 

Lagena laevigata ( d'Orbigny). Heron-Allen and Ear land, 1932, 

Discovery Repts., v. 4, p. 361, pl. 10, fig. 4. 

We have found only six specimens-four at Pamplona 

7 and one each at Pamplona 3 and Gambier Bay-that 

seem identical with this specie~ originally described 

from off the Falklands. The only other believable illustrations of this species are of a single specimen, also 

found near the Falklands, and of several specimens from 

the upper Tertiary at Carter Creek in northeastern 

Alaska. 

Our specimens are characterized by a collar of shell 

material surrounding the aperture and by a slender 

apical spine. The spine is broken in our specimens; only 

the stump of it remains attached to the base of the 

chamber. The tests are about 0.48 mm long (exclusive 

of spine) and about 0.40 n1m in diameter. The wall 

is not clear enough to show the internal tube. 

Oolina lineatopunctata (Heron-Allen and Earland) 

Plate 3, figure 26 

Lagena globosa var. lineato~pwwtata Heron-Allen and Earland, 

1922, British Antarctic Exped., Zoology, v. 6, p. 142, pl. 5, 

figs. 12-14. 

Oolina. Uneato-zJunctata. (Heron-Allen and Ear land). Loeblich 

and Tappan, 1953, Smithsonian Misc. Conn:, v. 121, no. 

7' p. 70, pl. 13, fig. 8. 

Only two typical specimens were found at Pamplana 7. They are sma.ll, about 0.20 mm in length and 

0.12 mm in diameter. 

Oolina melo d'Orbigny 

Plate 3, figure 27 

Oolina rnelo d'Orbigny, 1839, Voyage dant-! Amerique Meridionale, 

v. 5, pt. 5, Foraminiferes, p. 20, pl. 5, fig. 9. 

Loeblich and Tappan, 1953, Smithsonian Misc. CoHn., v. 

121,no.7,p.71,pl.12,figs.8-15. 

Boltovskoy, 1954, lust. Nac. Inv. Cienc. Nat., Mus. Argentino, 

Cienc. Nat. * * * Rev., v. 3, no. 3, p. 155, pl. 6, fig. 9. 

Asano, 1956, Tohoku Univ. Sci. Repts., ser. 2 (Geology), 

v. 27, p. 43, pl. 5, figs. 44-50. 

Detling, 1958, Cushman Found. Foram. Research Contr., 

v. 9, pt. 2, p. 27, pl. 7, fig. 14. 

van Voorthuysen, 1960, Koninkl. Nederlands Geol.-Mijnb. 

Genoot., Verh., Geol. Ser., pt. 19, p. 247, pl. 10, fig. 16. 

Andersen, 1961, Louisiana Geol. Survey, Geo·l. Bull. 35, pt. 2, 

p. 99, pl. 20, fig. 20. 

This species has surface ornamentation similar to 

that of Oolina, hewagona but differing in that the honeycomb pits are larger and are alined in vertieal rows 

rather than randomly arranged. Diameter of our 

specimens is about 0.25 mm. 0. melo was deseribed 

from off the Falklands, has been reported from many 

other areas, and is found in both the Arctie and the 

Antarctic, as well as localities from lower latitudes. 

Oolina striatopunctata (Parker and Jones) 

Plate 3, figure 25 

Lage-na suloota (Walker and Jacob) var. striatopunctata 

Parker and Jones, 1865, Royal Soc. [London] Philos. 

Trans., v. 155, p. 350, pl. 13, figs. 25--27. 

Oolina striatopunotata..~ (Parker and Jones). Loeblich and 

Tappan, 1953, Smithsonian Mi'Sc. CoHn., v. 121, no. 7, 

p. 7 4, pl. 12, figs. 2-5. 

This well-known and very widely reported species 

was found at Pamplona 4, 7, and 8. Its distribution 

seems to be worldwide. It is a beautifully ornamented 

form, with 10-14 heavy longitudinal ribs, and the ribs 

thmnselves ornamented by longitudinal striations and 

pits or pores in transverse rows. The aperture is at the 

end of a slender neck and is surrounded by a narrow 

phialine lip. 

Oolina williamsoni (Alcock) 

Plate 3, figure 29 

Entosolewi,a. william."Jon·i. Alcock, 1865, Manchester Lit. Philos. 

Soc. Proc .. v. 4, p. 195. 

Lagena wflliamsoni (Alcock). Wright, 187&-i7, Belfast Nat. 

Field Club Proc., Appendix, p. 104, pl. 4, fig. 14. 

Balk\Yill and 'Vright, 1885, Royal Irish Acad. Trans .. v. 28, 

Sci., p. 339, pl. 1-:l, figs. 6--8. 

Halkyard, 1889, Manchester Micros. Soc. Trans., p. 12, pl. 

1, fig. 15. 

Cushman. 1933, U.S. Natl. Mus. Bull. 161, pt. 2, p. 34, pl. 8, 

fig. 8; 1949, Inst. royal sci. nat. Belgique Mem. 111. p. 22, 

pl. -::1:, fig. 11. 

Cushman and MeCulloch, 1950, Allan Hancock Pacific 

Exped., v. 6, no. 6, p. 362, pl. 48, figs. 1-::1:, 15. 

Cushman, Todd, and Post. 1954, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. 

Paper 260--H, p. 3-::1:4, pl. 86, fig. 20. 

Oolina williamsoni (Alcock). van Voorthuysen, 1951, Netherlands, Geol. Stiehting, Mededeel., new ser., no. 5, p. 24 

(list), pl. 1, fig. 14 ; 1960, Koninkl. N ederlands, Geol.-

~Iijnb. G('noot. Yerh .. G('lo. Ser., pt. 19. p. 247. pl. 10, 

fig. 18. 
A30 CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEONTOLOGY 

This species is similar to Oolina apiopleura in ornamentation, differing only in the addition of honeycomb 

cells around the upper part, surrounding the aperture. 

Only a single specimen was found in Pamplona 3. 

0. rwillimn8oni was originally named from off the Irish 

coast and has been widely reported from the Atlantic 

and the Pacific, but not from the Arctic or Antarctic. 

Genus UVIGERINA d'Orbigny, 1826 

Uvigerina peregrina Cushman 

Pia te 4, figures 1-3 

Uvigerina peregrina Cushman, 1923, U.S. Natl. Mus. Bull. 104, 

pt. 4, p. 166, pl. 42, figs. 7-10. 

Typical specimens of Uvigerina peregrina Cushman 

are distinguished by the platelike costae and hispid surface. Several varieties have been named within this 

species, but the departures from typical are so gradual 

in our specimens we are using only the original name 

and illustrating two extrmnes and the normal form 

within the species. 

Elongate individuals lacking a granular surface between costae or on the costae themselves (pl. 4, fig. 1) 

emnpare most closely with specimens described as U. 

peregrz'na var. bradyana Cushman (19·23, p. 168, pl. 42, 

fig. 12). These are common, the best individuals oecurring in Pamplona 3, 4, 7, ~nd 8 and the sample from 

Kasaan Bay. Some tests do tend to look a little sugary, 

and some lack typical costae over the final chamber. 

There is a gradual transition to specimens typical of 

U. peregrina (pl. 4, fig. 2) which compare well with 

numerous para types in theN ational Museum collections. 

The sugary appearance progresses to a distinct granulation between the costae especially toward the apertural 

end of the test and even to a crystallization along the 

edges of the costae. The more typical specimens are not 

as common and occur only in the sample from Clarence 

Strait and sample 8 from Pamplona Searidge. 

The second variation from the typical form is a gradual intensifying of hispidity to an almost completely 

spinose test (pl. 4, fig. 3). The granulation deepens 0~1 

and between the costae but even in the extremely 

roughened surfaces, traces of the nearly obscured costa~e 

may be seen. Like the typical specin;ens, hispid tests 

are less common and occur only in Clarence Strait and 

Pamplona 8. These specimens compare best with U. 

pereg1·hza var. parvula Cushman ( 1923, p. 168, pl. 42, 

fig. 11), para types and topotypes of which are much 

more spinose than the original description or illustration indieate. 

The typical species and the variety bradyana were described from off the northeast coast of North America ;. 

the variety par~''Ltla was described from the Gulf of 

Mexico. All the forms have been widely recorded from 

warm and cold waters and from deposits as old as 

Miocene. 

Uvigerina sp. 

Plate 4, figure 4 

Two specimens have been compared with Uvigerina 

8entico8a Cushman (1927, p. 159, pl. 3, fig. 14). They 

differ, however, in being more coarsely hispid throughout and more evenly graduated in size from the rounded 

initial end to the broadest area of the final ehamber. 

The sutures are straight and depressed, the periphery 

lobulate. The hispidity is evenly distributed over the 

test. The spines are not alined and do not seem to be 

following hidden costae as they do on the more spinose 

specimens of U. peregrina. 

Genus ANGULOGERINA Cushman, 1927 

Angulogerina :fluens Todd 

Plate 4, figure 5 

A_ngnlogerina fluens Todd in Cushman and MeCiulloeh, 1948, 

Allan Hancock Pacific Exped., v. 6, no. 5, p. 288, pl. 36, 

fig. 1. 

Loeblich and Tappan, 1953, Smithsonian Misc. Colin., v. 

121,no.7,p.112,pl.20,figs.10-12. 

A.ngulogerina fluens is one of the more cmnmon and 

easily distinguished species in this material. The 

strongly curved sutures aceent the compression of the 

walls of the later ehambers, and the neck is short and 

has a rim. It was described frmn Wrangell, Alaska, and 

was eommon to abundant in material from the Arctic 

studied by Loeblich and Tappan (1953). 

Family DISCORBIDAE 

Genus R.OSALINA d'Orbigny, 1826 

Rosalina ornatissima (Cushman) 

Plate 4, figure 23 

Dlscorbis orna.tissima. Cushman, 1925, Cushman Lab. Foram. 

Research Contr., v. 1, p. 4.2, pl. 6, figs. 11. 12. 

Detling, 194B, Cushman Found. Foram. Research Contr., 

v. 9, p. ·30, pl. 8, figs. 9, 10. 

The sample from Gambier Bay contained numerous 

rotaliform specimens having the distinctive features of 

Rosalina ornati88inw: eircular outline with little or no 

indentation, fragile coneave ventral surface ornamented 

with coarse papillae (in many speeimens part of this 

surface is broken away), and several specinmns joined 

in plastogamy. In addition, a single specimen was 

found in Kasaan Bay. The entire suite compares very 

well with the holotype and many para types from Virago 

and Queen Charlotte Sounds, British Columbia, in the 

National Museum collections. 
RECENT FORAMINIFERA, GULF OF ALASKA AND SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA A31 

Rosalina ornatissima is probably related to R. 

wrightii (Brady), a species which has been widely reported in the Arctic under the name Eponides wrightii. 

The two species can be confused, but their differences 

are distinct. The periphery of the former is entire, 

the indentation marking the end of the final chamber 

not easily seen as in R. 'W'l"ightii. The ornamentation 

on the ventral surface of R. wnghtii is more like fine 

beading radiating from the umbilical area toward but 

not over the periphery, which is rounded and glassy 

smooth. On Rosalina ornatissima the ventral surface 

is completely covered by coarse papillae, 1nore randomly 

arranged, which become finer at the peripheral edge. 

This ornamentation may be observed in peripheral view 

as a fine serration around the edge of each specimen 

even when the specimens are attached in plastogamy. 

The delicate ventral wall is broken out in some tests exposing as many as four chambers beneath. 

In addition to the original record from British Columbia, R. ornati.ssima has been reported from the San 

,Juan Islands and as far south as Sunset Bay, Oregon. 

Rosalina wrightii (Brady) 

Discorbina Wrightii Brady, 1881, Annals Mag. Nat. History, 

ser. 5, v. 8, p. 413, pl. 21, fig. 6. 

Eponides 1crightii (H. B. Brady). Cushman, 1948, Cushman 

Lab. Foram. Research Spec. Pub. 23, p. 72, pl. 8, fig. 4. 

Parker, 1952, Harvard CoiL, Mus. Comp. Zoology Bull., v. 

106, no. 9, p. 420, pl. 6, figs. 14. 15; no. 10, p. 450, pl. 5, 

fig. 4. 

Saidova, 1961, Ekologiya Foraminifer * * * severozapadnoi chasti Tikhogo okeana, p. 64, pl. 19, fig. 132. 

Only two specimens of this species were found, one 

each in Pamplona 3 and 7. They are s1nall ( 0.4 and 

0.6 mm in diameter), low, cap-shaped speci1nens, with 

the flat or concave ventral surface ornamented by a 

crudely radial pattern of fine and irregular beading 

that diminishes smne distance within the periphery, 

leaving the ventral border of the periphery smooth and 

rounded. 

This spec:ies was described from N ovaya Zemlya iu 

the Arctic and has been widely reported in both the 

Atlantic and the Pacific, even as far south as Long 

Island Sound. In our collections it occurred only in 

the searidge samples, whereas its close relative, R. O'rnati88inw, ( Cuslnnan), was found only in two of the fjordland samples. 

Genus EPONIDES Montfort, 1808 

Eponides isabelleanus (d'Orbigny) 

Plate 4. figures 22, 24 

Ro8alina Isabelleana d'Orbigny, 1839. Voyage dans Amerique 

Meridionale, v. 5, pt. 5, Foraminiferes. p. 43. pl. 6, figs. 

10-12. 

Test robust, trochoid, biconvex with umbilical area depressed, umbilicus containing low knobs of shell material which may be broken away, equatorial outline circular to subovate, slightly lobulate, periphery subacute, 

limbate, with blunt keel; chambers distinct, 5 or 6 in the 

adult whorl increasing in size as added, easily discernible 

on both sides, slightly inflated and rounded on ventral 

side to a slight shoulder toward umbilicus; sutures distinct on both sides, on dorsal side flush in early part to 

a slightly raised welt within a depression in later part, 

limb ate, glassy, curved gently backward, on ventral side 

depressed, radial, straight to only slightly curved, made 

somewhat irregular in some specimens by traces of 

earlier apertures; \-vail thick, smooth, translucent, finely 

perforate, occasionally larger pores visible on face of 

final chamber on ventral side, fresh specimens colored 

cream to tan, darkening toward central area on both 

dorsal and ventral sides; aperture a slightly arched slit 

at base of final chamber, going from umbilicus part way 

to periphery, seldmn extending as far as keel, traces of 

previous apertures appear as arches on inner ends of 

sutures near umbilical area. Diameter up to 1.8 mm; 

thickness up to 0.9 m1n. 

These heavy-walled specimens conform well with 

d'Orbigny's original description and illustrations of 

this species from the Falklands. As examination of 

material subsequently attributed to this speeies by various authors indicates a diverse interpretation of the 

form, only the original designation is being cited. 

The following features support the placement of this 

species in the genus Eponides: Heavy wall, glassy in pa.rt 

yet perforate, thickened shell material around periphery, 

aperture extending outward from umbilicus but not to 

periphery. These features are also given by d'Orbigny 

for the species, and, furthermore, the present specimens 

agree ·with d'Orbigny's description in coloration. Older 

individuals tend to lose color, and those most 'vorn 

become ·white and opaque. 

There is a good representation of Eponide8 L'JabellPaJVU8 in the Pamplona Searidge material, especially in 

Pamplona ±. 

Family ROTALIIDAE 

Genus BUCCELLA Andersen, 1952 

Buccella frigida (Cushman) 

Plate 4. figure 20 

Eponides frigidus (Cushman). Cushman. 1948. Cushman Lab. 

Foram. Research, Spec. Pub. 23. p. 71, pl. 8, fig. 7. 

B uccella frigid a (Cushman). Andersen, 1952, 'Vashington 

Acad. Sri. Jour., v. 42, no. 5. p. 144, text figs. 4-6. 

Loeblich and Tappan. 1953, Smithsonian Misc. Colin., v. 121. 

no. 7, p. 115, pl. 22, figs. 2, 3. 

This species was described from the Canadian Arctic 

and is typical of areas of cold water. It 'vas not found 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEONTOLOGY 

in any of the searidge samples but was most common in 

Kasaan Bay and Exeursion Inlet. 

Genus ROT ALIA Lamarck, 1804 

Rotalia columbiensis (Cushman) 

Plate 4, figure 25 

Pult,inulina colutnbiensis Cushman, 1925, Cushman Lab. Foram. 

Research Contr., v. 1, p. 43, pl. 7, fig. 1. 

Trichohyalus colurnbiensis (Cushman). Cockbain, 1963, Cushman Found. Foram. Research Contr .. v. 14, table 2. 

Trichohyalus pustulata Loeblich and Tappan, 1953, Smithsonian 

Misc. Conn., v. 121, no. 7, p. 118, pl. 23, fig. 9 (not fig. R). 

This large, bieon vex, heavily built species bears strong 

resemblanee to the type of the genus from the Eocene of 

France, Rotalia f1•ochidifornds Lamarek (Davies, 1932, 

p. 416, pl. 2, figs. 8, 10-15; pl. 3, figs. 1, 3-13; pl. 4, figs. 

3-6, 9-11). The final whorl is visible only dimly on the 

dorsal side of a few specimens and consists of about 

eight chambers; the dorsal sutures are flush and mostly 

obscure. The distinctive ventral surface of R. colu/Jnbiensis is covered completely to the peripheral edge by 

heavy pustules, unlike R. trochidiformis in which the 

pustules are neatly contained by a rim of solid shell 

material around the perimeter. This heavy rugose surface is broken up on some specimens of R. colrztrnbiensi<s 

by relatively smooth elongate blisterlike swellings radiating from the center. The aperture is at the base of 

the final chamber within the ventral surface. The final 

chamber itself eurves gently into the almost circular 

outline of the test, sometimes distinguished only by the 

less rugose surface of its silhouette on the ventral side 

and the slight indentation of the aperture. These charaeteristies are obscured, however, by the overall coarse 

pustules. 

This species was described from two localities in British Columbia-20 fathoms in Queen Charlotte Sound 

and 8-15 fathoms in Virago Sound. It has been reported as constituting an appreciable proportion (17 

percent) of the assemblage at one station in Juan de 

Fuca Strait, south of Victoria, British Columbia (Cockhain, 1963, table 2). 

The report of this species (as Eponide8 co1umbien8is) 

from fossil material on Amchitka Island (Cushman 

and Todd, 19-!7, p. 68) proves to have been in error. 

The holotype of the species described as Triclwhya1u8 

P'U8tu1ata Loeblich and Tappan (1953, p. 118) from 

AJbatro88 D3600 off the Aleutian Islands from a depth 

of 16.5 meters (9 fathoms) appears to belong in R. col~trnbien8~8. The species was based on only two specimens, one of whieh is a broken test which probably 

belongs in RosaUna ornati8shna (Cushman.) 

Our abundant specimens come from a depth of 10 

fathoms in Gambier Bay and compare most favorably 

with the types of the species. We can find little comparison between Rotalia and Trichohyal'tt8, however, 

and we believe they are generically distinct. 

Genus EPISTOM:INELLA Husezima and Maruhasi, 1944 

Epistominella pacifica (Cushman) 

Plate 5, figure ,18 

Pulvinulinella. pacifica Oushman, 1927, Scripps Inst. Oceanography Bull., Tech. ser., v. 1, no. 10, p. 165, pl. 5, figs. 14, 15. 

Epistorninella pacifica (Cushman). Bandy, 1953. Jour. Paleontology, v. 27, no. 2, p. 172, pl. 23, fig. 2. 

Lipps, 1965, Tulane Studies in Geology, v. 3, no. 2, p. 126, 

pl. 2, figs. 5, 7. 

Ep·istominella pttlchella Husezima and Maruhasi, 1944, Jour. 

Sigenkagaku Kenkyusyo, Tokyo, v. 1, no. 3, p. 398, pl. 34, 

fig. 10. 

Asano, 1951, IHus. Cat. Japanese Tertiary smaller Foram, 

pt. 7, Gassidulinidae, p. 7, text figs. 37-39. 

Lipps, 1965, Tulane Studies in Geology, v. 3, no. 2, p. 129, 

pl. 2, fig. 4. 

This species was described from off the west coast of 

America from Panama to Oregon, the type being from 

735 fathoms off California. The genus Epistominella 

was subsequently erected with E. pulchella from the 

Pliocene of J a~pan as its type species. C01nparison between the type of Pulvinulinella pacifica and topotypes 

and other Japanese Pliocene specimens of Epistominella 

pnlchella confirms that they are the same species. Thus 

the earlier name is used. 

Epistominella pacifica is nearly flat on the dorsal side 

and high conical on the ventral, with ea.ch subsequent 

ehamber progressively more peaked at the inner end, 

lea, ving a high a pert ural face. The periphery is angled, 

bluntly keeled, and slightly lobulated around the last 

several chambers. The dorsal sutures are oblique and 

curved, the ventral sutures are radial and only slightly 

eurved. The wall is smooth, finely punctate, and translueent; in some so nearly transparent that the septal 

walls separating the chambers ean be seen within the 

te~t. The aperture is a narrow elongate opening parallel "·ith and just ventral to the peripheral keel. Our 

specimens are entirely typical, and the,ir empty translucent tests sho'v clearly their Recent origin. 

Epi8tominella pacifica probably has a large but diseont inuous area of distribution in and around the North 

Pacific basin. We have found this species to occur 

commonly at Clarence Strait and rarely at Pamplona 8, 

hut nowhere else in our eolleetions. 

Epistominella vitrea Parker 

Plate 5, figure 15 

Epistominella vUrea Parker in Parker, Phleger, and Peirson, 

1953, Cushman Found. Foram. Research Spec. Pub. 2, p. 

9, pl. 4, figs. 34-36, 40, 41. 
RECENT FORAMINIFERA, GULF OF ALASKA AND SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA A33 

Parker, 1954, Harvard Coil., Mus. Comp. Zoology Bull., v. 

111, no. 10, p. 534, pl. 10, figs. 20, 26. 

Phleger, 1954, Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., v. 

38, p. 639, pl. 2, figs. 11, 12. 

Warren, 1956, Gulf Coast Assoc. Geol. Socs. Trans., v. 6, 

p. 139 (list) , pl. 4, figs. 25, 26. 

Lankford, 1959, Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., v. 

43,p.2098,pl.3,fig.14. 

Andersen, 1961, Louisiana Geol. Survey, Geol. Bull. 35, pt. 2, 

p. 104, pl. 24, fig. 1. 

Pseudopm-rella cf. emigua (H. B. Brady). Phleger and Parker 

(part), 1951, Geol. Soc. America Mem. 46, pt. 2, p. 28, pl. 

15, fig. 7 (not fig. 6) . 

Described from the Mississippi Delta at a depth of 17 

meters ( 9 fathoms) , this small species has also been recorded from off southwestern Texas and from various 

other localities in the Gulf of Mexico. Specimens illustrated and recorded as Pseudoparrella emigua 

(Brady) from off Argentina (Boltovskoy, 1954a, p. 206, 

pl. 11, figs. 9-11; pl. 18, figs. 1, 2, 9; 1954b, p. 288, pl. 28, 

fig. 3) may also belong in this species. 

In our material typical specimens of Epi8tominella 

l'itrea occur rarely in four fjordland samples and at 

Pamplona 7. 

Confusion between E. vitrea and its deep-water 

counterpart, E. ewigua (Brady), is possible. E. vitrea, 

however, is recognizable by the following characteristics: 6-61h chambers per final whorl, a rounded periphery, and sutures slightly curved and slightly depressed, especially so at their inner ends on the ventral 

side. 

The genus Pseudoparrella Cushman and ten Dam has 

been resurrected (Lipps, 1965, p. 120) for species 

of Epi.fitominella, such as this one, that differ in having 

a rounded instead of keeled periphery and a biconvex 

rather than planoconvex shape. We do not think, however, these characters of sufficient importance to justify their being in different genera. 

Family ELPHIDIIDAE 

Genus ELPHIDIUM Montfort, 1808 

Elphidium bartletti Cushman 

Plate 4, figure 19 

Elpl! idium bartletti Cushman, 1933, Smithsonian Misc. CoHn., 

v. 89, no. 9, p. 4, pl. 1, fig. 9. 

Loeblich and Tappan, 1953, Smithsonian Misc. Colin., v. 

121. no. 7, p. 96, pl. 18, figs. 10-14. 

This species, originally described from off Labrador 

and recorded from many Arctic localities, is represented 

rarely at three of our fjordland stations. 

It is characterized by a rather shiny wall, rounded 

periphery, chambers slightly inflated and sutures 

slightly depressed, and a broadly open and depressed 

umbilicus. N un1ber of chambers per final whorl is 

about 10. 

Elphidium clavatum Cushman 

Plate 4, figures 16, 17 

Elphidi,um clavatum Cushman. Loeblich and Tappan, 1953, 

Smithsonian Misc. Colin., v. 121, no. 7, p. 98, pl. 19, figs'. 

8-10. 

Todd and Low, 1961, Cushman Found. Foram. Research 

Contr., v. 12, p. 18, pl. 2, fig. 1. 

This well-known 'and widely reported species is most 

common in Clarence Strait and was also found in seven 

other of our samples. It has been reported from the 

Arctic and from as far south as New York on the 

Atlantic side and as far south as British Columbia on 

the Pacific side of the North American Continent. 

Elphidium clavatu1n is also a common or abundant constituent of Pleistocene deposits. 

Our specimens are found in two forms. One is lightorange and has a translucent ·wall in which the chambers 

look dark;, the wall pores appear as white dots, and 

the sutural pores are indistinct because of the translucency of the shell material. The other form is white, 

has an opaque wall, and the sutural pores are well defined. In this white opaque form the minute wall pores 

are indistinct and in most specimens unnoticeable other 

than giving the wall a granular rather than shiny surface. ·In both these forms the chambers per final w hor 1 

number about 11. The periphery is bluntly angular 

and entire as the chambers are not at all inflated. The 

test is thickest through the umbilicus. 

Elphidium frigidum Cushman 

Plate 4, figures 9, 10 

Elphidium frigidum OUshman, 1933, Smithsonian Misc. CoHn., 

v. 89, no. 9, p. 5, pl. 1, fig. 8. 

Cushman and Todd, 1947, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research 

Spec. Pub. 21, p. 14, pl. 2, fig. 18. 

Cushman, 1948, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Spec. Pub. 

23, p. 57, pl. 6, figs. 9-11. 

Loeblich and Tappan, 1953, Smithsonian Misc. Colin., v. 

121, no. 7, p. 99, pl. 18, figs. 4-9. 

Elphidimn subarcticum Cushman, 1944, Cushman Lab. Foram. 

Research Spec. Pub. 12, p. 27, pl. 3, figs. 34, 35; 1948, 

Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Spec. Pub. 23, p. 58, pl. 6, 

fig. 12. 

Parker, 1952, Harvard Coli., Mus. Comp. Zoology Bull., v. 

106, no. 9, p. 412, pl. 5, fig. 9 ; no. 10, p. 449, pl. 4, figs. ~. 8. 

Phleger, 1952, Cushman Found. Foram. Research Contr., 

v. 3, p. 84, pl. 14, fig. 8. 

Loeblich and Tappan, 1953, Smithsonian Misc. Colin., v. 121. 

no. 7, p. 105, pl. 19, figs. 5-7. 

Noni.on pauciloculum Cushman, 1944, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Spec. Pub. 12, p. 24, pl. 3, fig. 25. 

Three species (as indicated in the foregoing synonymy) , the first two occurring widely in the Arctic, 

have been described and discriminated. Further con-· 

sideration of the features used to discriminate these 

three species, however, leads us to reassess their value 
A34 CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEONTOLOGY 

and to conclude that they are not consistently developed 

and are not, alone, of sufficient importance upon which 

to base a reliable separation of species. Hence, the 

three species are combined as one species, and the 

earliest name is used. 

The features by 'Which these species were formerly 

separated are the parallel opaque bands on either side 

of the suture lines in Elphldlum subarcticrttm, the 

slightly greater inc1s10n of the sutures in E. 

8ztba.rcticu.m, the tendency in E. frigidum of the last 

several chambers to be elongated away from the axie 

of coiling, the ra.re presence in E. frigidwm of faint 

grooves parallel to the periphery on the walls of the 

last few chambers, and the development in N on.lorn 

paucilomtlum of elongate sutural slits rather than true 

retral processes. 

In our material, specimens are found in all but three 

of our stations. Most of them (pl. 4, fig. 9) are what 

would formerly have been placed in E. frigidum, in its 

restricted sense. But a few (pl. 4, fig. 10), with distinct 

bands of opacity along slightly incised sutures, are 

more characteristic of what would have been called E. 

8ttbarcticwm. Nevertheless, we regard them all as belonging to a single species. 

Elphidium oregonense Cushman and Grant 

Plate 4, figure 18 

Elphidi.um oregoneu8e Cushman and Grant, 1927, San Diego 

Soc. Nat. History Trans., v. 15, no. 6, p. 79. pl. 8, fig. 3. 

This large (as much as 1.85 mm in diameter) and 

cmnplanate species, known from the Pliocene and 

Pleistocene of Oregon, California, and the Netherlands 

a:nd the Recent of the Arctic, is represented by only a 

single typical example from l{asaan Bay. 

Genus ELPHIDIELLA Cushman, 1936 

Elphidiella arctica (Parker and Jones) 

Plate 4, figure 15 

Poly.<Jtomella cdspa Linne var. arctica Parker and Jones, 1865, 

Royal Soc. [London] Philos. T'rans., v. 155, p. 401, pl. H, 

figs. 25-310. 

Polysto·mella arctica Parker and .Jones. Brady, 1878, Annals 

}fag. Nat. History, ser. 5, v. 1, p. 437, pl. 21, fig. 13. 

Elphhliell(l. m·ctica (Parker and .Jones). Phleger, 1952, Cushman Found. Foram. Research Contr., v. 3, p. 83, pl. 14, 

fig. H. 

Two single specimens "'ere found, at Kasaan Bay and 

Lynn Canal. They are recognizable by the double rows 

of sutural pores. Otherwise they superficially resemble 

specimens of Elphidht'ln frigid.zun in their complanate 

shape, nonindented sutures, and opaque wall. The 

present specimens are less inflated and less robust than 

is typical for this species, and there is no suggestion of 

thickening along the earlier suture lines. 

Elphidiella arct-ica appears to be mostly restricted to 

the Arctic, where it has been reported from many 

localities, although it has been reported as far south as 

the St. Lawrence River. 

Elphidiella groenlandica (Cushman) 

Plate 4, figure 21 

Elphidimn groenlandicum Cushman, 1933, Smithsonian Misc. 

CoHn., v. 89, no. 9, p. 4, pl. 1, fig. 10. 

Elphidiella groenlandica (Cushman). Cushman, 1939, U.S. Geol. 

Survey Prof. Paper 191, p. 66, pl. 19, fig. 3; 1948, Cushman 

Lab. Foram. Research Spec. Pub. 23, p. 60, pl. 6, fig. 14. 

Loeblich and Tappan, 1953, Smithsonian Misc. CoHn., v. 121, 

no. 7, p. 106, pl. 19, figs. 13, 14. 

Elphidiella nitida Cushman, 1941, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., v. 17, p. 35, pl. 9, fig. 4. 

Loeblich ,and Tappan, 1953, Smithsonian Misc. CoHn., v. 

121, no. 7, p. 107, pl. 19, figs. 11, 12. 

This smooth species, originally described from ofr 

Greenland and redescribed from the Pleistocene or 

Pliocene of Nome, Alaska, occurs abundantly at Excursion Inlet and commonly at Lynn Canal and Kasaan 

Bay. 

Reexamination of the types of Elphidium groenlandicrttm and Elphid·iella nitida indicates that there are no 

significant differences between them. Hence, we have 

combined them and are using the ea.rlier name. There is 

considerable variation within the species with respect 

to size and flatness of the test and degree of angularity 

of the periphery. Our specimens are similar to the 

types. 

Family ANOMALINIDAE 

Genus CIBICIDES Montfort, 1808 

Cibicides lobatulus (Walker and Jacob) 

Plate 5, figures 1, 2, 4 

Qi.b·icide8 lobatulus nValker and Jacob). Cushman, 1931, U.S. 

Xatl. ~Ius. Bull. 104, pt. 8, p. 118, pl. 21, fig. 3. 

Parker, 1952, Harvard Coll., Mus. Comp. Zoology Bull., v. 

106,no. 10,p.446,pl.5,fig.11. 

Nyholm, 1961, Zool. Bidrag fri'm Uppsala, v. 33, p. 157 ff., 

pls. 1-5. 

Specimens of this well-kno,vn and almost cosmopolitan species were found in all our samples and were well 

represell'ted in some samples. In most of the samples 

the species is present in two forms-one, the normal 

planoconvex form in which the wall is smooth and 

coarsely perforate and all the sutures visible (pl. 5, fig. 

4), and another, in which the 'vall is thickened by shell 

material (particularly on the involute conical side) to 

such a degree that the surface becomes rugose and covered by numerous closely set blisters that obscure the 

sutures and appear to close the pores through that part 

of the wall (pl. 5, figs. 1, 2). These two forms are 

gradational to one another. 
RECENT FORAMINIFERA, GULF OF ALASKA AND SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA A35 

Cibicides lobatulus is attached during life by the evolute side, which usually reflects the shape of the surface 

of attachment. In the light of Nyholm's (1961) discussion of the morphogenesis and biology of this species 

as observed in cultures, ·the variability we have noted 

among our specimens is to be expected, as well as· a close 

relationship to Dyocibicides biserialis, which in reality 

is only a growth stage of Cibicides lobatulus. 

Genus DYOCIBICIDES Cushman and Valentine, 1930 

Dyocibicides biserialis ·Cushman and Valentine 

Plate 5, figure 3 

Dyocibicides biserialis Cushman and Valentine, 1930, Stanford 

Univ. Contr. Dept. Geology, v. 1, no. 1, p. 31, pl. 10, figs. 1, 2. 

A few specimens from Kasaan Bay, Excursion Inlet, 

and Gambier Bay are referable to this spreading 

growth form of Oibi.cides lobatulus which has been 

separated as a distinct genus. Our specimens exhibit 

the same variability of wall surface from smooth to 

blistery. 

While recognizing that these forms cannot be regarded as biologically distinct from Oibicides lobatu1us~ 

"·e nevertheless do follow the convention of using the 

separate name for them as a conv~nience in referring to 

this biserial growth form. 

Family RUPERTIIDAE. 

Genus RUPERTIA Wallich, 1877 

Rupertia stabilis Wallich 

Plate 5, figure 5 

Rupertia 8tabilis Wallich, 1877, Annals Mag. Nat. History, ser. 

4,v.19,p.502,pl.20,figs.1-13. 

Schlumberger, 1883, Feuille Jeunes Nat., Ann. 13, p. 119, 

pl. 2, figs. 6-8. 

Brady, 1884, Ohallenget· Rept., Zoology, v. 9, p. 680, pl. 98, 

figs. 1-12. 

Goes, 1894, Kgl. Svenska Vetenskapsakad. Handlingar, v. 

25, no. 9, p. 92, pl. 15, fig. 789. 

Flint, 1899, U.S. Xatl. Mus., Ann. Rept. for 1897, p. 336, 

pl. 79, fig. 4. 

Cushman, 1931, U.S. Natl. Mus. Bull. 104, pt. 8, p. 138, pl. 

25, figs. 3-9. 

Earland, 1934, Di8cotwry Repts., v. 10, p. 185, pl. 10, figs. 

23-25. 

Above are only a fmv of the many references ·to this 

distinctive sessile species. It was described from the 

North Atlantic and has been reported 'videly in both 

the Northern and the Southern Hemispheres. Our 

specimens are well developed and well preserved and 

were found commonly at Pamplona 4. 

Family NONIONIDAE 

Genus FLORILUS Montfort, 1808 

The genus Florilus, resurrected by Voloshinova 

( 1958), has as its type species Nautilus asterizans Fichtel and Moll. It seems related to the genera N onionella 

Cushman, 1926, and Pseudononion Asano, 1936, differing from them in being symmetrically coiled. N onionellina Voloshinova, 1958, having N onion·ina labradorioa 

Dawson as its type species, seems to us not to differ 

substantially from Florilus. 

Florilus labradoricus (Dawson) 

Plate 5, figure 9 

Nonionina scapha var. labradorica Dawson, 1870, Oanadian 

Naturalist, new ser., v. 5, p. 177, pl., fig. 5. 

Nonion labradoricum (Dawson). Cushman, 1930, U.S. Natl. 

Mus. Bull. 104, :pt. 7, p. 11, pl. 4, figs. 6-12; 1948, Cushman 

Lab. Foram. Research Spec. Pub. 23, p. 52, pl. 6, fig. 2. 

Phleger, 1952, Cushman Found. Foram. Research Contr., 

v. 3, p. 85, pl. 14, fig. 5. 

Martin, 1952, Cushman Found. Foram. Research Contr., 

v. 3, p. 123, pl. 19, fig. 1. 

Loeblich and Tappan, 1953, Smithsonian Misc. Colin., v. 121, 

no. 7, p. 86, pl. 17, figs. 1, 2. 

Feyling-Hanssen, 1954, Norsk Geol. Tidsskr., v. 33, pt. 1-2, 

p. 139, pl. 2, fig. 8. 

Asano, 1960, Tohoku Univ. Sci. Repts., ser. 2 (Geology), 

Spec. Vol. 4, p. 191, pl. 21, fig. 8. 

Jarke, 1960, Internat. Rev. Gesamten Hydrobiologie, v. 45, 

pt. 4, p. 625, pl. 7' fig. 8. 

Saidova, 1961, Ekologiya Foraminifer * * * severo-zapadnoi chasti Tikhogo okeana, p. 72, pl. 22, fig. 151. 

This species occurs in typical form 'and in some -abundance in I{asaan Bay and Clarence Strait, and more 

rarely in four other samples. It is distinctive in its 

broadly triangular and bulging a pert ural face. 

This species was described from 313 fathoms in the 

Gulf of St. Lawrence, in eastern Canada.. It has been 

widely reported in the Recent especially in the Arctic 

as indicated by the partial synonymy above. It has also 

been found in beds as old as Pliocene in California. 

Genus NONIONELLA Cushman, 1926 

N onionella pulchella Had a 

Plate 5, figure 14 

Nonionella pu.lchella Hada, 1931, Tohoku Imp. Univ. Sci. Rept., 

ser. 4, Biology, v. 6, p. 120, text fig. 79. 

Asano, 1938, Geol. Soc. Japan Jour., v. 45. no. 538, p. 598. 

pl.15 (4), fig.12. 

BoHovskoy, 1954, Inst. Nac. Inv. Gienc. Nat., l\fus. Argentino, 

Cienc. Nat. * * * Rev., v. 3, no. 3, p. 168, pl. 8, fig. 2. 

Common specimens found in Clarence Strait are referred to this species that. was described from Mutsu 

Bay, Japan, from depths between 4 and 33 fathoms. It 

has also been recorded from beds as old as Pliocene in 

Japan and from the Recent of San Jorge Gulf, 

Argentina. The species is distinguished by the crenate 

margin of its umbilical lobe. 
A36 CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEONTOLOGY 

Our specimens have been compared with specimens 

from the Pliocene of Japan and differ from them only in 

being slightly thicker through the last several chambers. 

Nonionella turgida (Williamson) 

Rotalina turgida Willi'amson, 1858, Recent Foram. Great Britain, 

Ray Soc., p. 50, pl. 4, figs. 95-97. 

Nonionella tm·gida (Williamson). Cushman, 1939. U.S. Geol. 

Survey Prof. Paper 191, p. 32, pl. 9, figs. 2, 3. 

Todd and Bronnimann, 1957, Cushman Found. Foram. 

Research Spec. Pub. 3, P. 32, pl. 6, figs. 3, 4. 

This small species, about 0.28 mm in length and 0.10 

mm in thickness, is found only rarely in our material. 

It was described off the British Isles and has been reported widely, with no restriction to cold water. Our 

specimens seem typical. 

Nonionella turgida digitata N(llrvang 

Plate 5, figure 8 

Noniouella turgida (Williamson) var. digitata NSI)rvang, 1945. 

Zoology of Iceland. v. 2. pt. 2. Foraminifera. p. 29, text 

fig. 4. 

Parker, 1952, Harvard Coll., Mus. Comp. Zoology Bull., v. 

106,no.9,p.413,pl.5,figs.15, 16. 

This subspecies in which the lobe is crenulated deeply 

into several slender fingers was described from off Iceland. We have found only a few typical specimens of 

this distinctive form. Other records of it are from 

off Portsmouth, New Hampshire, and in southwestern 

British Columbia. 

Genus PSEUDONONION Asano, 1936 

This genus, represented by its type species, Pseudononion japonicum, Asano, seems worthy of distinction 

from Florilus because of its involute-evolute character 

and from N onidnella because of its lack of an umbilical 

lobe on its involute side. 

Pseudononion auricula (Heron-Allen and Earland) 

Plate 5, figures 6, 7 

Nonionella auricula Heron-Allen and Enrland, 1930, Royal 

Micros. Soc. Jour., v. 50, p. 192, pl. 5, figs. 68--70. 

Cushman and McCulloch, 1940, Allan Hancock Pacific Exped., v. 6, no. 3, p. 159, pl. 17, figs. 6, 7. 

Cushman, 1944, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Spec. Pub. 

12, p. 25, pl. 3, figs. 26, 27. 

Oushman and Todd, 1947, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research 

Spec. Pub. 21, p. 13, pl. 2, fig. 14. 

This species, originally described from off Plymouth, 

England, is only sparsely represented in our material 

except in Kasaan Bay and Clarence Strait~ where it was 

found commonly. Other recorded occurrences of this 

species are along the west coast of California. southward 

to Peru, the San Juan Islands of Washington, British 

Columbia, and off New England. 

From the coiled side this species resembles N onionella 

pulchella Hada but is somewhat less thick and, of course, 

lacks the bulging umbilical lobe. Specimens range 

from 0.25 to 0.60 mm in length and from 9 to 12 in 

number of chambers in the final whorl. In the larger 

specimens, with the greater number of chambers, the 

sutures are distinctly curved backward, while in those 

wi1th ·fewer chambers the sutures are more nea.rly 

straight, being curved only at the periphery. We have 

illustrated two specimens to show the extremes of this 

species. 

Genus ASTRONONION Cushman and Edwards, 1937 

Astrononion gallowayi Loeblich and Tappan 

Pl,ate 5, figure 17 

Astrononion galloiwayi Loeblich and Tappan, 1953, Smithsonian 

MiS'c. Conn., v. 121, no. 7, p. 90, pl. 17, figs. 4-7. 

Astrononion stellatum Cushman and Edwards, 1937 (not 

N onionina stellata Terquem), Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., v. 13, p. 32, pl. 3, figs. 9-11. 

Cushman and McCulloch, 1940, Allan Hancock Pacific Exped,. v. 6, 11'0. 3, p. 168, pl. 18, fig. 11. 

Cushman and Todd, 1947, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research 

Spec. Pub. 21, p. 13, pl. 2, fig. 15. 

Parker, 1952, Harvard CoiL, Mus .. Comp. Zoology Bull., v. 

106, no. 9, p. 410, pl. 5, figs. 2, 3. 

Phleger, 1952, Cushman Found. Foram. Research Contr., v. 

3, p. 83, pl.14, fig. 11. 

Described from off the southern coast of Iceland, this 

species is found commonly at Gambier Bay and rarely 

in our maiterial from four other localities. Astrononiorn 

gaUmo·ayi has been reported in the Arctic and along the 

Pacific coast from Mexico northward and along the 

Atlantic coast as far south as Massachusetts. 

Family CASSIDULINIDAE 

Genus CASSIDULINA d'Orbigny, 1826 

Recently this genus was subdivided on the basis of 

wall structure, nature of apei'Iture, and presence or absence of a toothplate into various other genera namely 

lslandiella Nsz>rvang (1958), Oassilamelli1na, Globoca8-

sid1tlina. and ra88ilongina. Voloshinova (1960). The 

first two of these genera have, moreover, been removed 

from the fa1nily Cassidulinidae to be placed in the 

family Islandiellidae of the superfamily Buliminacea, 

leaving the last two in the family Cassidulinidae of the 

superfamily Cassidulinacea. 

Because the significance of wall structure in the generic classification of Foraminifera is not firmly established-has even been shown to cut across generic lines 

in the families Cassidulinidae and Elphidiidae-and because a reclassification to make generic lines conform 

with family Jines serves to separate rather than unite 

like forms, we prefer not to follow the recommended 

subdivision of Oassidulina. 
RECENT FORAMINIFERA, GULF OF ALASKA AND SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA A37 

This philosophical question is unresolvable. One 

might argue that the now-rejected Brady (1884) classification that included the agglutinated Textula.rinae 

and calcareous Bulimininae together in the Textulariidae and that gave 1nore weight to manner of coiling 

than to wall composition, is no less jueJtifiruble than the 

combining of the radial Islandiellidae with the granular 

Cassidulinidae. Still, 80 years after Brady's work, we 

are unable to prove satisfactorily that one feature or 

another can serve as an infallible basis for classification. 

Rather we look for combinations of features and find in 

general resemblances a basis for family classifications. 

The better classification is the one that unites like forms 

and does not set rthem apart. 

Cassidulina californica Cushman and Hughes 

Plate 5, figure 13 

Oassidulina oalifornica Cushman and Hughes, 1925, Cushman 

Lab. Fol'am. Research Contr., v. 1, p. 12, pl. 2, fig. 1. 

This species is a ma.j or constituent in all the Pamplona sa1nples, occurring abundantly in all but Pamplona 5. In addition, it is found abundantJy in Kasaan 

Bay and commonly in Gambier Bay. 

Oassidulina californica was originally described frmn 

the Pleistocene of Timms Point, Calif., where it is 

abundant. It has been reported to occur widely and is 

found along the Pacific coast and in the North Pacific, 

both as Recent and as fossil forms in sediments dating as 

far back as Pliocene. Our specimens are typical. 

Maximum dimensions .1.·ange between 0.9 and 1.2 mm. 

Cassidulina islandica N~rvang 

OassiduUna ·isla.ndica N~rvang, 1945, Zoology of Iceland, v. 2. 

pt. 2, Foraminifera, p. 41, text figs. 7, 8d-f. 

Loeblich and Tappan, 1953, Smithsonian Misc. Colin., v. 121, 

no. 7, p. 118, pl. 24, fig. 1. 

lNlandiella i8landica (Nji)rvang). N~rvang, 1958, Dansk naturh. 

Foren. Vidensk. Medd .. v. 120, p. 27. pl. 6. figs. 1-5; pl. 7, 

figs. 6, 7. 

Rare specimens, about 0.2 mm in maximum dimension, 

were found in three of our fjorclland samples. They 

possess the apertural tooth characteristic of this species, 

and the sutures are slightly depressed. 

Cassidulina limbata Cushman and Hughes 

Cas8idulina limbafa, Cushman and Hughes, 1925. Cushman Lab. 

Foram. Research Contr .. v. 1, p. 12, pl. 2, fig~ 2. 

Crouch, 1952, Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., v. 36, 

p. 838, pl. 6, fig. 9. 

Bandy, 1953, Jour. Paleontology, v. 27, p. 182, pl. 25, fig. 2. 

This species occurs in considerable numbers in three 

of our fjordland samples. Together with Oass£dullVna 

californica and 0. tortuo8a, it was described from the 

Pliocene of Timms Point, Calif., and has been reported 

from Recent sediments along the Pacific coast, even ·as 

far north ~as off the southern part of the l{amchatka 

Peninsula ( Saidova, 1961, p. 94). 

It is distinguishable from 0. tortuosa by its limbate 

sutures and periphery and by a slight lobulation of its 

periphery. 

Cassidulina norcrossi Cushman 

Plate 5, figure 11 

Oassidulina nororossi Cushman, 1933, Smithsonian Misc. CoHn., 

v. 89, p. 7, pl. 2, fig. 7. 

Parker, 1948, Harvard Coll., 1\fus. Comp. Zoology Bull., v. 

100, p. 237 (list) , pl. 6, fig. 2. 

Phleger, 1952, Cushman Found. Foram. Research Contr., 

v. 3, p. 83, pl. 14, fig. 22. 

Loeblich and Tappan, 1953, Sm1thsonian Misc. Colin., v. 121, 

no. 7, p. 120, pl. 24, fig. 2. 

l8landiella norcro88i (Cushman). Nji)rvang, 1958, Dansk naturh. 

Foren. Vidensk. Medd., v. 120, p. 32, pl. 7, figs. 8-13; pl. 8, 

fig. 14. 

This species was found only at l{asaan Bay and at 

Pamplona 3 and 8. It occurs rarely and in typical 

form. It was originally described from off northeastern 

Greenland and has been recorded from numerous .Arctic 

localities and as far south as New England. 

It is a distinctive species in this genus, having 

straight and limbate, but not depressed, sutures and 

having chambers that extend almost equally onto both 

sides. 

Cassid ulina su bglo bosa Brady 1 

Rare specimens from three Pamplona stations are 

referred questionably to the widely reported species, 

Oassidtt~;lina stttbglobo8a Brady (1884, p. 430, pl. 54, fig. 

17). They are smaller (0.38-0.48 mm in maximum dimension) and more compressed than is typical of this 

species. They are distinctive, however, in the kind of 

aperture they possess; an aperture fundamentally different from that found in all the other species of Oa8-

sidulina present in our .Alaska collections. 

In these specimens the aperture ean clearly be seen to 

consist of two parts; an erect narrow loop-shaped 

opening extending into the apertural face and another 

slit opening branching off from the lower end of the 

loop opening and extending along the suture a.t the 

base of the chamber. This kind of aperture has been 

illustrated and described as a tripartite aperture and has 

been interpreted as being invariably associated with a 

granulate wall (N~rvang, 1958, p. 36, pl. 8, figs.18, 19); 

it thus serves as the means of recognition of two genera 

in what was formerly regarded as the genus OassiduZina. 

The other genus thus derived from the subdivision of 

the original genus Oassidulina, characterized by a large 

basal rounded triangular aperture with an internal 

tooth and a free projecting tongue and by having a 
A38 CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEONTOLOGY 

radiate wall, was given the name I slandiella (N S!)rvang, 

1958, p. 26). 

Cassidulina teretis Tappan 

Plate 5, figure 10 

Cassidttlina te1·etis Tappan, 1951, Cushman Found. Foram. Research Contr., v. 2, pt. 1, 1951, p. 7, pl. 1, fig. 30. 

Loeblich and Tappan, 1953, Smithsonian Misc. Conn., v. 121, 

no. 7, p. 121, pl. 24, figs. 3, 4. 

Jarke, 1960, Internat. Rev. Gesmuten Hydrobiologie, v. 45, 

pt. 4, pl. 11, fig. 9. 

This species, described from the Pleistocene in a well 

near Point Barrow, Alaska, has also been reported from 

numerous Recent localities along the coasts of northern 

Alaska, the Canadian Arctic and Greenland. It has 

been recorded in the Barents Sea. 

0 assidulina teretis is found in both searidge and 

fjordland samples but never abundantly. Morphologically the species is transitional between 0. tortuosa and 

0. norcrossi. From the former it differs in having 

straight, oblique, but not angled sutures; in being somewhat evolute and thus possessing a central umbo; and in 

its chambers being slightly infl.ated so that the surface 

of the test is undulating rather than smooth and fl~at as 

in 0. tortuosa. From 0. norm~o88i, it differs in that the 

alternating chambers are distinctly unequal ·and in that 

the periphery is slightly lobulate rather than smooth and 

entire. In the·se respects, the two species ( 0. tereti8 and 

0. norcro88i) differ in degree rather than in substance. 

Cassidulina tortuosa Cushman and Hughes 

Plate 5, figure 12 

Oas8iduUna tortnosa Cushman and Hughes, 1925, Cushman Lab. 

Foram. Research Contr., v. 1, pt. 1, p. 14, pl. 2, fig. 4. 

Bandy, 1953, Jour. Paleontology, v. 27, p. 182, pl. 25, fig. 3. 

V chio, 1960, Cushman Found. Foram. Research Spec. Pub. 

5,p.69,pl.9,fig.23. 

Like 0 a88idulina caUfornica, this species was described frmn the Pleistocene of Timms Point, Calif. It 

has also been recorded from the Recent of the Pacific 

coast of North America but appears not to have been 

previously reported from farther north than British 

Columbia. It has been recorded as a fossil only from 

California. 

It occurs in all our seariclge samples, abundantly in 

three of them and also, rarely, in Kasaan Bay. Together with 0. californica, it constitutes the dominant 

element in the three shallower Pamplona samples, those 

from between 85 and 100 fathoms. Our specimens 

range from 0.6 to 0.9 mm in diameter. They are characterized by the angularity of their suture pattern. 

By comparison with 0. teretis~ they are slightly Slnaller; most specimens are opaque instead of translucent. 

The sutures are flush and not depressed, and consequently, the periphery is smooth and not lobulated. 

Genus EHRE.NBERGINA Reuss, 1850 

Ehrenbergina compressa Cushman 

Plate 5, figure 16 

Ehrenbergina compres8a Cushman, 1927, Scripps lust. Oceanography Bull., Tech. ser., v. 1, no. 10, p. 168, pl. 6, fig. 7. 

Cushman, Stewart and Stewart, 1930, San Diego Soc. Nat. 

History Trans., v. 6, p. 75, pl. 6, fig. 9. 

Natland, 1950, Geol. Soc. America Mem. 43, pt. 4, p. 35, 

pl. 9, fig. 11. 

Crouch, 1952, Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., v. 36, 

p. 841, pl. 6, fig. 20. 

'Valton, 1955, Jour. Paleontology, v. 29, p. 1007, pl. 104, 

figs. 5, 10. 

U chio, 1960, Cushman Found. Flo ram. Research Spec. Pub. 

5, pl. 9, figs. 28-31. 

Described from the Pacific off Panama, this species 

has also been reported from the Recent and Pliocene 

of the coast of California and Mexico. In our material 

it is represented most commonly at Pamplona 4. The 

peripheral spines are short and poorly developed. 

Family CHILOSTOl'tiELLIDAE 

Genus PULLENIA Parker and Jones, 1862 

Pullenia salisburyi R. E. and K. C. Stewart 

Plate 5, figure 20 

Pullenia 8alisburyi R. E. and K. C. Stewart, 1930, Jour. Paleontology, v. 4. p. 72, pl. 8, fig. 2. 

Typical specimens of this widely reported species 

occur in all the Pamplona samples except Pamplona 5; 

none were found in the fjordland material. They are 

distinctive in their large, compressed, and lobulated test 

with chambers increasing in both size and thickness as 

they are added. 

Records of PuUenia salisbwryi indicate that it ranges 

from the Miocene to the Recent along the Pacific coast, 

even as far north as northeastern Alaska. As a fossil 

it is widespread, occurring in Japan, Italy, Greece, and 

probably other areas. As a Recent species it probably 

has an equally wide distribution. 

ARAGONITIC FAMILY 

Family ROBER TINIDAE 

Genus ROBERTINA d'Orbigny, 1846 

Robertina arctica d'Orbigny 

Robe1·tina arctica d'Orbig:ny, 1846, Foram. Fossiles Vienne, p. 

203, pl. 21, figs. 37, 38. 

Earland, 1934, Discovery Repts., v. 10. p. 123, pl. 5, figs. 52, 

53. 

Cushman and Parker, 1936, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research 

Contr., v. 12, p. 93, pl. 16, fig. 1. 

Hoglund, 1947, Zool. Bidrag fran Uppsala, v. 26, p. 219, pl. 18, 

fig. 2; pl. 19. fig. 1 ; text figs. 198, 203. 

Cushman, 1948, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Srpec. Pub. 

23, p. 61, pl. 6, figs. 16-18. 
RECENT FORAMINIFERA, GULF OF ALASKA AND SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA A39 

Parker, 1948, Harvard Coli., Mus. Comp. Zoology Bull., v. 

100, p. 239 (list) , pl. 5, fig. 8. 

Saidova, 1961, Ekologiya Foraminifer * * * severo-zapadnoi chasti Tikhogo okeana, p. 66, pl. 20, fig. 138. 

Two specimens only, found at Gambier Bay, appear 

to belong to this aragonitic species that has been reported from localities in or near the Arctic and 

Antarctic. 

PLANKTONIC FAMILIES 

Family GLOBIGERINIDAE 

Genus GLOBIGERINA d'Orbigny, 1826 

Globigerina bulloides d'Orbigny 

Plate 5, figures 19, 21 

Globigerina bttlloides d'Orbigny. Phleger, 1952, Cushman 

Found. Foram. Research Contr., v. 3, pp. 81, 87, pl. 14, 

figs. 27, 28. 

Bradshaw, 1959, Cushman Found. Foram. Research Contr., 

v. 10, p. 33, pl. 6, figs. 1--4. 

Smith, 1963, Cushman Found. Foram. Research Contr., v. 

14, p. 2, pl. 1, figs. 1-4. 

Together with Globigerina paehyderma, this species 

occurs in all the searidge samples, abundantly at Pamplona 3, 4, and 7. These two species, G. bulloides and 

G. pachyderJna, together constitute virtually all the 

planktonic population found in our samples; the remaining five planktonic species constitute only a negligible part. 

Globigerina bulloides has four chambers in the final 

whorl and, in some specimens, a large aperture opening 

into the umbilicus. Many of our specimens are rather 

tightly coiled, with compact and noninflated chambers, 

a s1nall or closed umbilicus, and only a low arched 

aperture. 

Globigerina aft'. G. eggeri Rhumbler 

Plate 5, figure 25 

In our material this species is very rare being represented by only five specimens at Pamplona 7 (two are 

left coiling and three right coiling) , and these five a.re 

not entirely typical. Instead they fall more into what 

Parker (1958, p. 277, pl. 5, figs. 5, 9) illustra.ted-both 

as Globigerina eggeri and G. pachydertna-from core 

samples that reflected cold periods in the Mediterranean. Bradshaw (1959, p. 36) stated that typical individuals are not to be expected in the subarctic part of 

the range of (/-. eggeri in the Pacific, and it is quite 

possible that these specimens have no true connection 

with G. eggeri. 

Globigerina pachyderma (Ehrenberg) 

P1a te 5, figure 22 

Globlgerina pachyderma (Ehrenberg). Phleger, 1952, Cushman 

Found. Foram. ResE>areh Contr., v. 3, pp. 81, 87, pl. 14, 

figs. 31, 32. 

Bradshaw, 1957, Cushman Found. Foram. Research Contr., 

v. 10,p.36,pl.6,figs.20-23. 

Be, 1900, Cushman Found. Foram. Research Contr., v. 11, 

p. 65, text fig. 1. 

Parker, 1962, Micropaleontology, v. 8, p. 224, pl. 1, figs. 26-

35 ; pl. 2, figs. 1-6. 

Smith, 1963, Cushman Found. Foram. Research Contr., v.14, 

p. 2, pl. 2, figs. 15-18. 

Typical specimens of this well-known species of the 

Arctic and Antarctic occur commonly at all the 

Pamplona stations plus a single specimen at Kasaan 

Bay. 

Globigerina quinqueloba Natland 

Globigerina quiinqueloba Natland. Bradshaw, 1959, Cushman 

Found. Foram Research Contr., v. 10, p. 38, pl. 6, figs. 24, 

25. 

A single typical specimen was found at Pamplona 3. 

Genus GLOBIGERINITA Bronnimann, 1951 

Globigerinita glutinata (Egger) 

Globigerinita glutinata. (Egger). Bradshaw, 1959, Cushman 

Found. Foram. Research Oontr., v. 10, p. 40, pl. 7, figs. 

7, 8. 

This cosmopolitan species is represented in our 

material by ra.re, but typieal, individuals in :four searidge samples. 

Genus ORBULINA d'Orbigny, 1839 

Orbulina universa d''Orbigny 

Plate 5, figure 24 

OrbuUna universa d'Orbigny. Bradshaw. 1959, Cushman Found. 

Foram. Research Contr .. v. 10, p. 49, pl. 8, figs. 17, 18. 

Smith, 1003, Cushman Found. Foram. Research Contr., v. 

14, p. 3, pl. 2, figs. 19, 20. 

Rare specimens were found in Pamplona 3 and 4, and 

a single specimen in the Clarence Strait sample. Associated with the spherical ones at Pamplona 4 there 

are three multiloba.te forms, two similar to those found 

in living plankton in the Pacific (see the two references 

cited above) and a third one (pl. 5, fig. 24) identical 

with \Yhat would be identified as () rbulina 8Ufurall8 

Bronnimann in the Miocene. The finding of rare multilobate indiYiduals in collections of living plankton make 

it seem unlikely that thesP multilobate individuals from 

bottom sediments are any older than Recent. 

Family GLOBOROTALIIDAE 

Genus GLOBOROTALIA Cushman, 1927 

Globorotalia scitula (Brady) 

Plate 5, figure 23 

Globorotalia scitula (Brady). Phleger, Parker, and Peirson, 

1953, Swedish Deep-Sea Exped. Repts., v. 7, Sediment 

Cores, no. 1, p. 21, pl. 4, figs. 13, 14. 

Boltovskoy, 1959, Argentina Servicio Hidrografia Naval, 

Pub. H1003, p. 114, pl. 20, fig. 5. 
A40 CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEONTOLOGY 

Bradshaw, 1959, Cushman Found. Foram. Research Contr., 

v. 10, p. 44, pl. 8, figs. 5, 6. 

Parker, 1962, Micropaleontology, v. 8, p. 238, pl. 6, figs. 4-6. 

Smith, 1963, Cushman Found. Foram. Research Contr., v. 14, 

p. 3, pl. 2. figs. 22. 23. 

This cold water species is known from both the Arctic 

and the Antarctic and frmn scattered occurrences in 

both oceans. It is represented by only a few specimens 

found at Pamplona 3, 4, and 7. 

REFERENCES CITED 

Asano, Kiyoshi, 1938, On some Pliocene Foraminifera from the 

Setaua beds, Hoklmido: Japanese Jour. Geology and Geography, v. 15, no. 1-2, p. 87-103, pls. 9-11, figs .. 1, 2. 

---1951a, Polymorphinidae, pt. 8 of Illustrated catalogue of 

Japanese Terti>ary smaller Foraminifera, compiled and 

edited by Leo. W. S1tach: Tokyo, Petroleum Br., Nat. Resources Sec., Gen. Headquarters, Supreme Commander for 

the Allied Powers, 14 p., 72 figs. 

---1951b, Lageuidae, pt. 15 of Illustrated catalogue of Japanese Tertiary smaller Foraminifera, compiled and edited 

by Leo. W. Stach: Tokyo, Petroleum Br., Nat. Resources 

Sec., Gen. Headquarters, Supreme Commander for the 

Allied Powers, 39 p., 165 figs. 

Bandy, 0. L., 1960, The geologic significance of coiling ratios 

in the foraminifer Globigerina pacl!yderma (Ehrenberg) : 

Jour. Paleontology, v. 34, p. 671-681, figs. 1-7. 

Boltovskoy, Esteban, 1954a, Foraminiferos del Golfo San Jorge: 

lust. Nac. Inv. Cienc. Nat., Mus. Argentino Cienc. Nat. 

"Bernardino Rivadavia" Rev., v. 3, no. 3, p. 85-228, pis. 1-19. 

---1954b, Foraminiferos de la Brahia San Blas: lust. Nac. 

Inv. Cienc. Nat., Mus. Argentino Cienc. Nat. "Bernardino 

Rivad·avia" Rev., v. 3, no. 4, p. 247-300, pis. 20-29, fig. 1. 

Bradshaw. J. S., 1959, Ecology of living planktonic Foraminifera 

in the North and equatorial Pacific Ocean: Cushman Found. 

Foram. Research Contr., v. 10, p. 25-64, pls. 6-8, figs. 1-4:2. 

Brady, H. B., 1881, On some Arctic Foraminifera from soundings 

obtained on the Austro-Hungarian North-Polar Expedition 

of 1872-1874: Annals Mag. Nat. History, ser. 5, v. 8, p. 

393---418, table. 

--- 1884, Report on the Foraminifera dredged by H.M. S. 

Challenger, during the years 1873-1876: Challenger Rept., 

Zoology, v. 9, 814 p., 115 pls. 

Cockbain, A. E., 1963, Distribution of Foraminifera in Juan de 

Fuca and Georgia Straits, British Columbia, Canada: Cushman Found. Foram. Research Contr., v. 14, p. 37-57, figs. 

1-13, tables 1-3. 

Cooper, S. C., 1964, Benthonic Foraminifera of the Chukchi 

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104, pls. 5, 6, text figs. 1-17. 

Cushman, J. A., 1923, The Foraminifera of the Atlantic Ocean; 

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42 pis. 

--- 1925, Some Textulariidae from the Miocene of California : 

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---1927, Recent Foraminifera from off the west coast of 

America : Scripps lust. Oceanography Bull., Tech. ser., v. 

1. no. 10, p. 119-188, pls. 1-6. 

--- 1929, The Foraminifera of the Atlantic Oce-an ; Pt. 6, 

Miliolidae, Ophthalmidiidae, and Fischerinidae: U.S. Natl. 

Mus. Bull. 104, pt. 6, 129 p., 22 pis. 

--- 1936, Geology and paleontology of the- Georges Bank 

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Oushman, J. A., 1937, A monograph of the foraminiferal family 

Valvulinidae: Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Spec. Pub. 

8, 210 p., 24 pls. 

---1941, Some fossil Foraminifera from Alaska : Cushman 

Lab. Foram. Rese•arch Contr., v. 17, p. 33-38, pl. 9. 

---1948, Arctic Foraminifera : Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Spe-c. Pub. 23, 79 p., 8 pls. 

Cushman, J.A., and McCulloch, Irene, 1942, Some- Virgulininae 

in the collections of the Allan Hancock Foundation: Allan 

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Cushman, J. A., and Ozawa, Yoshiaki, 1928, An outline of a revision of the Polymorphinidae : Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., v. 4, p. 13-21, pis. 1 (pt.), 2. 

---1930, A monograph of the foraminiferal family Polymorphinidae, Recent and fossH: U.S. Natl. Mus. Proc., v. 

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Cushman, J. A., and Todd, Ruth, 1947, A foraminiferal f.auua 

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Dam, Abraham ten, and Reinhhold, Th., 1941, Die stratigraphische Gliederuug des uiederUindischen Plio-Plistozans 

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Davies, L. M., 1932, The genera Dictyoconoides Nuttall, Lockharti.a nov., and Rotalia Lamarck: Their type- species, generic differences, and fundamental distinction from the 

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Hoglund, Hans, 1947, Foraminifera in the Gullmar Fjord and 

the Skagerak: Zool. Bidrag fran Uppsala, v. 26, 328 p., 32 

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654, pls. 1-13, figs. 1-25, tables 1--4. 

Jordan, G. F., 1958, Pamplona Searidge, 1779-1957: Internat. 

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Loeblich, A. R., Jr .. and Tappan, Helen, 1953, Studies of Arctic 

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1-150, pl:-<. 1-24, text fig. 1. 

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:Malloy, R. J., 1£165, Gulf of Alaska: Seafloor upheaval: GeoMarine Technology, v. 1, no. 6, p. 22-26, figs. 1-9, 'Vashington. 

)layer, E. l\L, 1962, New specie-s of Foraminifera of the Kandalaksha Bay in the vicinity of the White Sea Biological Station, in Ze-nkewitch, L. A., ed., Biology of the 'Vhite Sea : 

Moscow State Univ., White Sea Bioi. Sta .. Repts. v. 1, p. 

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Nagy, Jeni), 1965, Foraminifera in some bottom samples from 

shallow waters in Vestspitsbergen: Norsk Polarinst. Arbok 

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RECENT FORAMINIFERA, GULF OF ALASKA AND SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA A41 

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taty Vysokoshirotnykh Okeanograficheskikh Ekspeditsiy v 

Severnuyu Chast'Grenlandskogo Morya i Prilegayushchie 

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--- 1964b, Foraminifery (Foraminifera) Severnoy Chasti 

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Chast'Grenlandskogo Morya i Prilegayushchie Rayony 

Arkticheskogo Basseyna v 1955-1958, gg : Arkticheskogo i 

Antarkticheskogo Nauchno-issl. Inst., Glavnogo Uprav 

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1948, v. 8, fasc. 2, no. 3, p. 167-215, pls. 1-3, figs. 1-5, tables 

1-20. 

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7 figs., 5 tables. 

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Martha's Vineyard Island, Massachusetts : Cushman Found. 

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table 1. 

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Neft. Nauchno-issl. Razved. lust., Trudy, (VNIGRI), no. 

115, p. 117-191, pls. 1-16, figs. 1-3. 

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Trudy pervogo seminara po mikrofaune: Leningrad Vses. 

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Britain: London, Ray Soc., 107 p., 7 pls. 

INDEX 

[Italic page numbers indicate descriptions and major references] 

A Page 

Abundance of population _________________ A2, 4, 5, 6 

abyssorum, Biloculina_________________________ 20 

Pyrgo _______________________________ _ 4, 20, pl. 2 

Rhabdammina _______________________ 4, 12, pl. 1 

acerosa pacifica, Bolivina______________________ 27 

acuticosta, Lagena_____________________________ 28 

advena, Eggerella ___________________ _ 4, 7, 9, 16, pl. 2 

Trochammina ________________________ 4, 18, pl.1 

agassizi, Fissurina. _ -------------------- _ 5, 28, pl. 3 

agglutinata, Quinqueloculina __________ 4, 18, 19, pl. 2 

akneriana, Quinqueloculina ____ 4, 6, 7, 9, 18, 19, pl. 2 

alaskensis, Karreriella baccata. _ --------------- 17 alata, Bolivina ______________________ 5, 7, 26, 27, pl. 4 

Aleutian chain. __ ---------------------------- 10,11 

Alveolophragmium_ --------------------------- 15 

crassimargo. ------------------------------ 15 jef!reysL ___ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ __ _ ___ _ _ _ ___ _ _ __ _ _ __ __ 15 

orbiculatum____ _ ___ _ __ _ _ __ ___ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ _ ___ 15 

scitulum__ _ __ __ ___ _ ___ ___ ___ _ ___ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ___ 15 

veleronis_ --------------------------------- 15 

Amchitka Island __ --------------------------- 10,11 

Ammobaculites arenaria __ --------------------- 16 

arenarius-------------------------- 4, 7, 16, pl.1 Ammodiscus arenaceus __________________ _ 4, 14, pl. 2 

gullmarensis_ ----------------------- _ 4, 14, pl. 2 

incertus ___ ______________ ------------------ 14 

planus____________________________________ 14 

Ammotium cassis ___________________ _ 4, 7, 9, 16, pl. 1 

Amphicoryne ___ ------------------------ ____ __ 23 

amphora, Lagena·-------------------------- 5, 23, 24 

Angulogerina jluens _____________ _ 5, 7, 8, 10, 30, pl. 4 

Antarctic species. __ -------------------------- 2 

apiopleura, Lagena____________________________ 28 

Oolina ___________________________ _ 5, 28, 30, pl. 3 

Aragonitic familY----------------------------- 38 

arborescens, Hyperammina____________________ 13 

Psammatodendron. __ --------------- _ 4, 13, pl. 1 

Arctic faunal assemblages_____________________ 8,11 

Arctic Ocean __ ------------------------------- 9 Arctic species_________________________________ 2, 9 

arctica, Elphidiella ____________________ 6, 10, 34, pl. 4 

Polystomella __ ---------------------------- 34 

crispa _____ ---------------------------- 34 

Quinqueloculina ___ ----------------- _ 4, 19, pl. 2 Robertina _________________________ -------- 6, 38 

arenacea, Spirillina ______ ------------- ________ 14 

Arenaceous families___________________________ 12 

arenaceus, Ammodiscus __________________ 4, 14, pl. 2 

arena ria, Ammobaculites. _ -------------------- 16 

Gaudryina. _- ------------------ 4, 7, 16, pls. 1, 2 

arenarius, Ammobaculites ______________ 4, 7, 16, pl. 1 

Assemblage comparisons, 

Alaska and Chile samples. __ ------------- 9,10 

Alaska fjordland to coast of Siberia.______ 9 

British Columbia and southeastern 

Alaska ___ ------------------------ 8 

searidge and fjordland____________________ 2, 7 

Astacolus planulatus ___________________ 5, 7, 22, pl. 3 

asterizans, Nautilus___________________________ 35 

Astrononion gallowayL __ -------------- 6, 7, 36, pl. 5 stellatum_____ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ __ _ __ _ _ __ __ _ ___ _ _ _ 36 

auricula, Nonionella. __ ----------------------- 36 Pseudononion ___________________ 6, 7, 9, 36, pl. 5 

auriculata, Bulimina__________________________ 26 

Bulimina (Desinobulimina) --------------- 26 Globobulimina _______________ 5, 7, 8, 10, 26, pl. 3 

(Desinobulimina) _ -------------------- 26 

B Page 

baccata, Karreriella _______________ 4, 6, 7, 17, 18, pl. 2 

alaskensis, Karreriella_____________________ 17 

japonica, Karreriella. --------------------- 17 

bacheii, Marginulina__________________________ 23 

Vagin·ulinopsis ___________________________ 5, 7, 23 

baggi, Dentalina ____________________ 5, 7, 22, 23, pl. 3 

Bajo Pamplona_______________________________ 1 

Barents Sea. __ ------------------------------- 8 bartletti, Elphidium _________________ 6, 9, 10, 33, pl. 4 

Benthonic: species, distribution and abun- dance ____________________________ _ 

quantitative count._--------------------- 2,11 

Bering Sea •• _-------------------------------- 8 biformis, Spiroplectammina ______________ 4, 16, pl. 2 

Biloculina abyssorum ____ --------------------- 20 

depressa. _______ -------------------------- 20 

globul·us. ___ ------------------------------ 20 

lucernula. _ ------------------------------- 20 ringens carinata___________________________ 20 

sphaera. _ ____ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ ___ ____ _ __ ___ _ __ _ __ _ _ 21 

vespertilio____ ___ ____ ___ __ _ _ _ __ _ __ _ _ __ ___ _ _ 21 

Biloculinella globula ______________________ 4, 20, pl. 2 

biserialis, Dyocibicides ____________________ 6, 35, pl. 5 

Bolivina acerosa pacifica_______________________ 27 

alata._ __________________________ 5, 7, 26, 27, pl. 4 

decussata __________________________ 5, 8, 27, pl. 4 

oceanica. ___ ------------------------- 5, 27, pl. 4 pacifica ______________________________ 5, 27, pl. 4 

pseudobeyrichL ___________________________ 26,27 

pseudopunctata. _______ ------------------- 27 

subaenariensis. __ -------------------- 5, 27, pl. 4 

(Loxostomum) porrecta _______________ 5, 27, pl. 4 

Boreal assemblages___________________________ 11 

borealis, Oolina_ --------------------- ____ 5, 8, 28, pl. 3 

Bottom distribution patterns in North Pacific_ 8 

bradyana, Dorothia ___________________ 4,6, 7, 17, pl. 2 

Uvigerina peregrina_______________________ 30 

bradyi, Httplophragmoides__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ___________ 4,14 

British Columbia ___ ------------------------- 7, 8 

Buccella frigida ... _______________ 5, 7, 8, 9, 10,31, pl. 4 

Bulimina auriculata_ _ _ _ _ _ ___ _ _ __ _ __ _ _ __ __ __ _ _ 26 

exilis tenuata___ __ _ __ __ __ _ _ __ __ __ _ ___ _ __ _ _ _ 26 

pupoides fusiformis_____ __ _ _ __ _ __ _ _ __ _ ___ _ _ 26 

(Desinobulimina) auriculata_______________ 26 

Buliminella elegantissima __________________ 5,26, pl. 3 

subfw!iformis __________________________ 5,26, pl. 3 

bulloides, Globir;erina ____________________ 6,8,3!J, pl. 5 

c Calcareous families, imperforate______________ 18 

perforate ____ ----------------------------- 21 

California.___________________________________ 11 

caiifornica, Cassidulina __________ 6, 7, 8, 10, 37, 38, pl. 5 

Canadian Arctic______________________________ 8 

Cape Fairweather.___________________________ 9 

carinata, Biloculina ringens___________________ 20 

Pyrqo _____ ------------------------------- 20 

Cassidulina _______ ____________________________ 36,37 

californica. ________________ 6, 7, 8, 10, 37, 38, pl. 5 

islandica ______ ------------------------ ___ 6, 9, 37 

limbata _____________________________ 6, 7, 8, 10,37 

norcrossi_ _________________________ 6,37,38, pl. 5 

subglobosa ______________ -------------- ____ 6, 37 

tereti~·---------------------------- 6,8,9,38, pl. 5 

tortuosa -----------------------6,10,37,38, pl. 5 Cassilamdlina. __ _ _ __ _ ___ _ __ _ _ ___ _ __ _ ___ _ ___ _ _ 36 

Cassilongina. __ _ __ _ _ __ _ __ _ __ _ _ _ __ _ __ __ __ _ __ _ __ 36 

cassis, Ammotium ___________________ A, 7, 9, 16, pl. 1 

Page 

charlottensis, Polymorph ina ______________ 5, 25, pl. 3 

Chile__ _____________ ----------------------____ 9,10 

Chukchi Sea. ___ ----------------------------- 8, 9 

Cibicides lobatulus ___ ____ .... 6, 7, 8, 9, 1r, ::q, 35, pl. 5 

Clarence Strait_ ____ .. _________________________ 1, 2, 7 

clavatum, Elphidium ______________ 6, 7, 8, 9, 33, pl. 4 

Clavulina primaeva___________________________ 18 

Coiling ratios of Gtobigerina pachyderma ____ ___ 10, 11 

columbiensis, Eponides________________________ 32 

Haplaphragmoides________________________ 15 

Pulvinulina __________ -------------------- 32 

Rotalia __________________________ 5, 7, 8, 82, pl. 4 

Trichohyalus________ __________ ______ ______ 32 

Comparison with other assemblages__________ 8 

Pleistocene or Pliocene age __ ------------- 10,11 

Recent age ___________ -------------------- 8 

compressa, Ehrenbergina ______________ 7, 10, 38, pl. 5 

contortus, Recurvoides ____________________ 4, 16, pl. 1 

Copper River delta sediments________________ 8, 9 

Cornuspira incertus .. _______ -_____ -- -- _ _ __ _ _ _ _ 14 

involvens _____________________________ 5, 21, pl. 2 

planorbis. _ _ _ ____ ____ ____ ____ ___ ______ ____ 21 

costata, Entosolenia. _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ ___ _ __ _ __ _ _ __ 28 

Lagena. ________________________ ---------- 28 

Oolina ___ _______ -- ______________ -- _ _ __ _ __ _ 28 

crassimargo, Alveolophragmium________________ 15 

Cribrostomoides ____________________ 4, 7, 15, pl.1 

Labrospira _____ _ --- _ __ _ _ _ __ _ __ _ _ __ ___ _ _ __ _ 15 

crenata, Lagena .. _--- _______ -- ____ ---_________ 25 

Cribrostomoides ___ -- -- ____ ----- _ ------ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ 15 

cra88imargo ________________________ 4, 7, 15, pl.1 

jeffreysii. ____________________________ 4, 15, pl.1 

scitulus------------------------------ 4, 15, pl. 1 

veleronis--------------------------- 4, 7, 15, pl. 1 

crispa arctica, Polystomella-------------------- 34 

Cristellaria nikobarensis_____________________ __ 21 

occidentalis ______ -------------- ________ ____ 21 

Cruciloculina triangularis-------------- 4, 7, 20, pl. 2 

cucurbitasema, Fissurina _________________ 5, 28, pl. 3 

cushmani, Robulus____________________________ 21 

Cyclammina .. __ ----- _____ ----------- ___ ------ 10 

D 

· decepta, Dentalina _______________________ 5, 22, pl. 3 

Nodosaria _______ -_____ -_-- __ ----- _____ ---- 22 

decussata, Bolivina _____________________ 5, 8, 27, pl. 4 

Deep-sea cores________________________________ 11 

Dentalina baggL ___________________ 5, 7, 22, 23, pl. 3 

decepta _______________________________ 5, 22, pl. 3 

subsoluta __________________________ 5, 7, 23, pl. 3 

depressa, Biloculina ___ ____ ----------- _ ----- _ -- 20 Pyrgo ________________________________ 4, 20, pl. 2 

(Desinobulimina) auriculata, Bulimina________ 26 

auriculata, Globobulimina_________________ 26 

Dextral coiling of Globigerina pachyderma _ _ _ _ _ 11 

Diagonostic Pleistocene taxa of Smith._______ 11 

diffiugiformis, Reophax________________________ 13 

Saccammina _________________________ 4, 13, pl.1 

digitata, Nonionellaturgida _______________ 6, 36, pl. 5 

disciformis, Quinquelocutlina.---·-------------- 19 

Discorbina WrightiL.------------------------ 31 

Discorbis ornatissima__________________________ 30 

distoma, Lagena __________________________ 5, 24, pl. 3 

distorta, Sigmoilina. ------------------- 4, 7, 19, pl. 2 

Distribution, Arctic bottom assemblages______ 8 

benthonic species _________________________ 4, 5, 6 

by depth _________________________ 6, 7, 8, 9, 11,12 

planktonic species ______ -- ______ - ___ ---___ 6 

A43 
A44 

PageDominant species ___ -------------------- 6, 7, 8, 9,10 

Dorothia bradyana ___________________ 4, 6, 7,17, pl. 2 

Dvocibicides biserialis _____________________ 6, 95, pl. 5 

E 

earlandi, Textularia _______ -------- ______ ------ 8 

East Siberian Sea_____________________________ 9 

Ecologic differences ________ -------------- 9,10,11,12 

Eggerella advena. ____________________ 4, 7, 9, 16, pl. 2 

eggeri, Globigerina ________________________ 6, 99, pl. 5 

Ehrenbergina compressa _______________ 7, 10, 38, pl. 5 

elegantissima, Bvliminella ________________ 5, 26, pl. 3 

elongata, Hyperammina __________________ 4,13, pl. 1 

Lagena_----------------------------- 5, 24, pl. 3 Elphidiella.____ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ ___ __ _ __ _ __ __ _ _ _ _ ___ _ 10 

arctica ____________________________ 6,10, 34, pl. 4 

groenlandica ____________________ 6, 7, 10, 34, pl. 4 

nitida _______ ------------ ______ ------------ 34 

Elphidium bartlettL ________________ 6, 9,10, 33, pl. 4 

clavatum ______________________ 6, 7, 8, 9, 33, pl. 4 

frigidum _____________________ 6, 7, 9, 33, 34, pl. 4 

galvestonense_ _ __ _ _ __ _ ___ __ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ __ _ __ _ _ _ 26 

groenlandicum___ _ _ _____________ _________ _ 34 

oregonense ___________________________ 6, 34, pl. 4 

subarcticum .. ____________________________ . 33,34 

Entosolenia costata_ _ __ _ __ _ __ _ _ __ __ _ ___ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 

lucida_________________ ____ __ ______ ________ 28 

marginata lucida__________________________ 28 

williamsonL ___ ---------------- ___ ___ ____ 29 

Epistominella. ________________________________ 32,33 

exigua ____________ ------------------ ______ 33 

pacifica ______________________________ 5, 32, pl. 5 

pulchella ___ _____ . ____________ . __ ___ _ __ _ _ __ 32 

vitrea ___________________________ 5, 8, 32, 33, pl. 5 

Eponides_ _ _____ ____ ______ ______ ___ ___ ______ __ 31 

columbiensis_ ___ __ ____ ______ _ _____ ___ _____ 32 

frigidus ___ __ __ _ _ __ __ _ _ __ _ __ _ _ ___ __ _ __ _ __ __ 31 

isabelleanus ___________________ 5, 6, 7, 8, 31, pl. 4 

wrightii_____________________ _ _________ ____ 31 

Excursion Inlet_ _____________________________ 1,2, 7 

exigua, Epistominella_________________________ 33 

Pseudoparrella____ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ __ _ __ _ __ _ __ _ _ 33 

exilis tenuata, Bulimina_______________________ 26 

F 

Faunal assemblages, Copper River delta______ 8, 9 

fjordland_ _ _______ ____ __ __________ ___ ___ __ 7, 9 

Gulf of Alaska____________________________ 6, 7 

Middleton Island_________________________ 10 

Nome. ______ .____________________________ 10 

Recent, marine till, southeastern Alaska.. 9 

open-sea deposits, off Chile___________ 10 

shelf off northern coast of Siberia_____ 9 

southeastern Alaska_--------------------- 7 

Faunal descriptions._.----------------------- 2 Fissurina agassizL _______________________ 5, 28, pl. 3 

cucurbitasema _________________________ 5, 28, pl. 3 

lucida _________________________ 5, 6, 7, 8, 28, pl. 3 

Fjordland samples ___________________________ !, 2, 6, 7 

flintii, Goesella_ -------------------- 4, 7, 10, 17, pl. 2 

Florilus ..•••••.. ------------------------------ 35,36 labradoricus ___________________ 6, 7, 8, 9, 35, pl. 5 

ftuens, Angulogerina _____________ 5, 7, 8, 10, 30, pl. 4 

Foraminiferal "standard" groups of Stschedrina. __ --------------------------- 8 

Franz Josef Land----------------------------- 8 friabilis, Hyperammina________________________ 13 

frigida, Buccella ___ __ ---------- 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 31, pl. 4 

Quinqueloculina ___ ------------------ 4, 19, pl. 2 

frigidum, Elphidium __ ----------- 6, 7, 9, 33, 34, pl. 4 

frigidus, Eponides----------------------------- 31 Frondicularia gigas ____________________ 5, 7, 23, pl. 3 

fusca, Psammosphaera ___________________ 4,12, pl. 1 

fusiformis, Bulimina pupoides_________________ 26 

Virgulina _______________________ 5, 8, 9, 26, pl. 3 

G 

gallowavi, Astrononion _________________ 6, 7, 36, pl. 5 

galvestonense, Elphidium______________________ 26 

INDEX 

Page 

Gambier BaY--------------------------------- 2, 7,8 Gaudrvina arenaria _________________ 4, 7, 16, pls. 1, 2 

gigas, Frondicularia ____________________ 5, 7, £3, pl. 3 

glabra, Marginulina. _ ----------------- 5, 7, 22, pl. 3 Globigerina bulloides ___________________ 6, 8, 39, pl. 5 

eggeri ________________________________ 6, 39, pl. 5 

pachvderma _________________ 6, 8, 10, 11, 39, pl. 5 

quinqueloba_______________________________ 6, 39 

Globigerinita glutinata_________________________ 6, 39 

Globobulimina auriculata _________ 5, 7, 8, 10, 26, pl. 3 

(Desinobulimina) auriculata_______________ 26 

Globocassidulina ___ --------------------------- 36 

Globorotalia scitula-----------------------· 6, 39, pl. 5 

globosa lineato-punctata, Lagena_______________ 29 

globula, Biloculinella _____________________ 4, 20, pl. 2 

globulus, Biloculina___________________________ 20 

glutinata, Globigerinita. ----------------------- 6, 39 

Goesella flintiL ____________________ 4, 7, 10, 17, pl. 2 

rotundata. -------------------------------- 17 

SP----------------------------------- 4, 17, pl. 1 

gracilis, Lagena_______________________________ 24 

meridionalis, Lagena·--------------------- 24 

gracillima, Lagena._-------------------------- 24 Greenland __________________ . ________________ • 8 

groenlandica, Elphidiella ____________ 6, 7, 10, 94, pl. 4 

groenlandicum, Elphidium __ ------------------ 34 Gulf of Alaska _____________ 1, 2, 3 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11,12 

gullmarensis, Ammodiscus--------------- 4, 14, pl. 2 

Guttulina orientalis_. __ -----------------------5,7, S5 

H 

Haplophragmium scitulum-------------------- 15 

turbinatum ___ . --------------------------- 16 

Haplaphragmoides __ -------------------------- 15 

bradyL _ .. -------------------------------- 4, 14 

columbiensis .. ---------------------------- 15 

neobradyL _ ------------------------------- 14 planissima ___ ______________________ ---- _-- 14 

planissimus __ --------------------- 4, 7, 14, pl. 1 scitulus _______________________________ -_ _ _ 15 

sphaeriloculu,m ____ ____________ --- _ -------- 15 

sphaeriloculus------------------------ 4, 15, pl. 1 

veleronis __ _____ --------------------------- 15 heragona, Oolina _______________________ 5, 7, S9, pl. 3 

hispidula, Lagena_____________________________ 5, 24 

Hoeglundina ____ ________________________ ------ 10 

Hvperammina. ------------------------------- 13 arborescens____ __ ___ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ ___ _ _ _ _ ____ __ __ 13 

elongata ______________________________ 4, 13, pl. 1 

friabilis. _ _ _ _ _ _ ___ _ _ _ _ _ ___ _ __ _ _ __ ___ _ __ _ _ __ 13 

Iceland __ " _________________ . ________________ -. 8 

incertus, Ammodiscus_________________________ 14 

Cornuspira_ ------------------------------ 14 Operculina ______ _______ ---- __________ ----- 14 

indivisa, Rhizammina. ------------------- 4, 12, pl. 1 

insectus, Reophax_ ----------------------- 4, 14, pl. 1 

involvens, Cornuspira. __ ----------------- 5, 21, pl. 2 

isabelleana, Rosalina. ------------------------- 31 

isabelleanus, Eponides _____________ 5, 6, 7, 8, 31, pl. 4 

islandica, Cassidulina_ ---------- ______________ 6, 9, 37 

Islandiella. _ ------------------------------ 37 

Islandiella __ ---------------------------------- 36,98 islandica __ _________________________ . _ --- _. 37 

norcrossL __________________ . _______ . ---- _ 37 

J 

Japan ___ ------------------------------------- 8 

japonica, Karreriella baccata___________________ 17 

japonicum, Pseudononion_____________________ 36 

jeffrevsi, Alveolophragmium. __ ---------------- 15 Labrospira ___ __________________ • _ ------ _ -- 15 

jeffreysii, Cribrostomoides _________________ 4, 15, pl. 1 Nonionina __ _________________________ --- __ 15 

Juneau_-------------------------------------- 9 

K Page Kara Sea _____ ----____________________________ 8 

Karreriella baccata _______________ 4, 6, 7,17,18, pl. 2 

baccata alaskensis_ _ __ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ __ __ _ __ _ 17 

japonica_ __ _ ____ __ _ ___ _ _ _ _ ___ _ __ ___ _ _ _ 17 

Kasaan Bay __________________________________ 1,2, 7 

kincaidi, Polymorphina _____________ 5, 7, 25, 26, pl. 3 

Kodiak Island ____ .___________________________ 11 

Kurile Islands________________________________ 8 

L 

labradorica, Nonionina_ __ _ __ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 

Nonionina scapha_________________________ 35 

labradoricum, Nonion_______ ____ __ _ ___ _ ___ ___ _ 35 

labradoricus, Florilus ______________ 6, 7, 8, 9, 35, pl. 5 

Labrospira crassimargo______ ____ ____________ __ 15 

jeffreysL _______________ ------- _ ____ ___ ___ 15 

laeve, Vermiculum_ ___ _ ___ ___ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ __ 24 

laevigata, Lagena ___ -------____________________ 29 

Oolina _______________________________ 5, 29, pl. 3 

laevis, Lagena ____________________ 5, 7, 8, 24, 25, pl. 3 

Lagena acuticosta_ _ _______ ____ ___ _______ ______ 28 

amphora ___ -----_- ______________________ 5, 23,24 

apiopleura_ _ __ _ _ __ _ ___ __ _ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ __ _ __ _ __ 28 

costata__ ___ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ __ __ _ _ __ __ _ __ _ __ 28 

crenata_ _ _ ____ ____ ____ __ _ ___ ______________ 25 

distoma ______________________________ 5, 24, pl. 3 

elongata ______________________________ 5, 24, pl. 3 

globosa lineato-punctata____________________ 29 

gracilis ___________________________________ • 24 

meridionalis____ __ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 

gracillima____ _ ___ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ __ _ 24 

hispidula ___________________ -------------- 5, 24 

laevigata ___ ___________ -------------------- 29 

laevis ________________________ 5, 7, 8, 24, 25, pl. 3 

meridionalis __________________________ 5, 24, pl. 3 

pliocenica _______________________ 5, 7, 8, 25, pl. 3 

striata _____________________________ 5, 8, 25, pl. 3 

sulcata striatopunctata_____________________ 29 

vulgaris___________________________________ 24 

williamsonL _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ 29 

Lagenonodosaria _ _ ___ _ __ _ _ __ _ __ _ __ _ ___ _ __ _ __ _ _ 23 

scalaris ______________________________ 5, 23, pl. 3 

Laptev Sea _____ --____________________________ 9 

limbata, Cassidvlina __ ------------------ 6, 7, 8,10, 37 

lineato-punctata, Lagena globosa _ --- _-------- -- 29 Oolina _______________________________ 5, 2.9, pl. 3 

Listerella primaeva____________________________ 18 

lobatvlus, Cibicides _________ 6, 7, 8, 9,10, 34, 35, pl. 5 

Loxostoma porrectum ___ _______ --- ___ ---------- 27 

(Loxostomum) porrecta, Bolivina _________ 5, 27, pl. 4 

lucernula, Biloculina _____ -__ -_---------------- 20 

Pyrgo _______ ------------------------ 4, 9, 20, pl.2 

lucida, Entosolenia ____ ------------------------ 28 

Entosolenia marginata_____________________ 28 

Fissurina _______________________ 5, 6, 7, 8, 28, pl. 3 

Lynn CanaL-------------------------------- 2, 7 

M 

marginata lucida, Entosolenia__________________ 28 

Marginulina bacheiL------------------------- 23 

glabra ______ ------------------------ 5, 7, 22, pl. 3 

Marine mollusks _____ ------------------------ 10 

melo, Oolina ______________________________ 5, 29, pl. 3 

meridionalis, Lagena ______________________ 5, 24, pl. 3 

Lagena gracilis ____ ------------------------ 24 

Middleton Island __________________________ 10,11,12 

Montague Island_____________________________ 12 

murrhina, PyrgO----------------·------------- 20 

N 

Nautilus asterizans____________________________ 35 

neobradyi, Haplaphragmoides__________________ 14 

nikobarensis, Cristellaria ___ ------------------- 21 Robvlus _____________________________ 5, 21, pl. 3 

nitida, Elphidiella ____________________________ _ 

Nodosaria decepta __ ---------------------------

radicvla ____ ____ ---------------------------

34 

22 

23 

scalaris ____________ -__ -------------------- 23 
Page. 

Nome, Alaska-------------------------------- 10 

Nonion labradoricum ___ ----------------------- 35 

pauciloculum __ ---·----------------------- 33,34 

Nonionella _____ _ -- _ ------ _ -------------------- 35, 36 

auricula. ____ ----------.-------.---------- 36 

pulchella.---------------------- 6, 7, 36, 36, pl. 5 

turgida __________________ ------------------ 6, 36 

digitata __________________________ 6, 36, pl. 5 

Nonionellina •.. ______________________ ------ _ __ 35 

Nonionina jejfreysiL ----------------------... 15 

labradorica ____ __ ------ __ -------- __ ---- _ --- 35 

scapha labradorica ____ ___ ------------------ 35 

stellata _____ _ --- _ ----- __ ----------.-------- 36 

Nonpolar species, quantitative count_ _______ _ 

norcrossi, Cassidulina _________________ 6, 37, 38, pl. 5 

Islandiella ___________ ------------- ___ ----- 37 

North Pacific_________________________________ 8,11 

Novaya Zemlya______________________________ 8 

0 

occidentalis, Cristellaria _________ ---- __________ 21 

Robulus ________________________ 5, 7, 21, 22, pl. 3 

oceanica, Bolivina ________________________ 5, 27, pl. 4 

Oolina apiopleura _____________________ 5, 28, 30, pl. 3 

borealis ____________________________ 5, 8, 28, pl. 3 

costata __________ ____ ------------------ ____ 28 

hexagona __________________________ 5, 7, 29, pl. 3 

laevigata _____________________________ 5, 29, pl. 3 

lineatopunctata _______________________ 5, 29, pl. 3 

melo.-------------------------------- 5, 29, pl. 3 striata. _____________________ --- ____ .----__ 25 

striatopunctata ... ------------------ 5, 7, 29, pl. 3 williamsonL ___________________ 5, 7, 29, 30, pl. 3 

Operculina incertus ___ ------------------------ 14 

orbiculatum, Alveolophragmium_______________ 15 

Orbulina suturalis ____ _______ . _ _ _ _ ___ _ _ __ _ __ _ _ _ 39 

utn.iversa. ___________ ----------------- 6, 39, pl. 5 

oregonense, Elphidium ____________________ 6, 34, pi. 4 

orientalis, Guttulina _____________________ ----- 5, 7,25 

ornatissima, Discorbis __________ ---- _ --- _ -- __ -_ 30 

Rosalina __________________ 5, 7, 8, SO, 31, 32, pl. 4 

p 

pachyderma, Globigef'ina _________ 6, 8, 10, 11, 39, pl. 5 

pacifica, Bolivina ___ • ____________________ 5, 27, pl. 4 

Bolivina acerosa ______ --------------------- 27 Epistominella ________________________ 5, 32, pl. 5 

Pulvinulinella ___ ------------------------- 32 

Pamplona Rock------------------------------ 12 Pamplona samples _______________________ 2, 4, 5,6, 7 

parvula, Uvigerina peregrina___________________ 30 

paucUoculum, Nonion _________________________ 33,34 

Pecten zones ___________________ -------------- 10 

Pelosina variabilis .. ----------~----------- 4, 13, pl.1 

peregrina, Uvigerina ______________ 5, 7, 8, 10, 30, pl. 4 

bradyana, Uvigerina_______________________ 30 

parvula, Uvigerina __ --.. -----.-------.---- 30 

planissima, Haplaphragmoides________________ 14 

planissimus, Haplaphragmoides-------- 4, 7, 14, pl.1 

Planktonic families _____ --- ____ ---_- ___ --_____ 39 

Planktonic species ____________________ ------- 2, 7 

distribution and abundance._____________ 6 

planorbis, Cornuspira __ ________ .. ____ . _-- __ _ _ _ 21 

Planularia planulata ___ _____ ------------------ 22 

planulata, Planularia.------------------------ 22 

planulatus, Astacolus __________________ 5, 7, 22, pl. 3 

planus, Ammodiscus.------------------------- 14 

Pleistocene-Recent boundary_________________ 11 

pliocenica, Lagena ___________________ 5, 7, 8, 25, pl. 3 

Point Barrow ___ ----------------------------- 11 

Polymorphina charlottensis--------------- 5, 25, pl. 3 kincaidi__ ______________________ 5, 7, 25, 26, pl. 3 

trilocularis---- ______________ -___ . ---- ___ -- 25 

Polystomella arctica ______ -------------------- 34 

crispa arctica______________________________ 34 

porrecta, Bolivina (Loxostomum) _________ 5, 27, pl. 4 

porrectum, Loxostoma ___ -_ -------------------- 27 

primaeva, Clavulina ____ _________ --- ___ ----- _ -- 18 

Listerella._------------------------------- 18 Schenckiella ____________________ 4, 7, 10, 18, pl. 1 

INDEX 

Page 

Psammatodendron. _____ ---- ____ ---. _ _ __ __ _ _ __ 13 

arborescens .. ------------------------- 4, 13, pl.1 Psammosphaerafusca ____________________ 4, 12, pl.1 

pseudobeyrichi, Bolivina _______________________ 26,27 

Pseudonodosaria radicula ______________ _ 5, 7, 23, pl. 3 

Pseudononion •• ------------- ------ __ ---------- 35,36 auricula _________________________ 6, 7, 9, 36, pl. 5 

japonicum ___ -- ______________________ --- _ _ 36 

Pseudoparrella _____ -------- __ ------- _ ------ _ -- 33 

exigua ______ ------------------------ ____ __ 33 

pseudopunctata, Bolivina______________________ 27 

pulchella, Epistomintlla_______________________ 32 

Nonionella _____________________ 6, 7, 35, 36, pl. 5 

Pullenia salisburyL _________________ 6, 7, 8, 38, pl. 5 

Pulvinulina columbiensis______________________ 32 

Pulvinulinella pacifica __________ -------------- 32 

pupoidesfusiformis, Bulimina_________________ 26 

pustulata, Trichohyalus_______________________ 32 

Pyrgo abyssorum _________________________ 4, 20, pl. 2 

carinata ______ _______________________ -_ _ _ _ _ 20 

depressa _____________________________ 4, 20, pl. 2 

lucernula __________________________ 4, 9, :eo, pl. 2 

murrhina _____ -- ____________________ -- _ _ __ 20 

rotalaria ________________________ 4, 8, 20, 21, pl. 2 

subglobulus _________ --- _____ -- __ --- _-- __ -_ 20 

vespertilio ______________________ 5, 7, 20, 21, pl. 2 

Pyrgoella sphaera ________________________ 5, 21, pl. 2 

Q 

quinqueloba, Globigerina_________ ____ _______ ___ 6, 39 

Quinqueloculina agglutinata ___________ 4, 18, 19, pl. 2 

akneriana _________________ 4, 6, 7, 9, 18, 19, pl. 2 

arctica _____ ------- ___________ -------- 4, 19, pl. 2 

disciformis ___ ---- _ ------- _ ----- _-- -------- 19 

frigida __ ----------------- ___ --------- 4, 19, pl. 2 

seminula __________ ____________ ---------- _ _ 19 

seminulum ________________________ 4, 8, 19, pl. 2 

stalkeri-------------------------- 4, 8, 9, 19, pl. 2 subrotunda ___________________________ 4, 19, pl. 2 

R 

radicula, Nodosaria___________________________ 23 

Pseudonodosaria ___________________ 5, 7, 23, pl. 3 

ramosa, Saccorhiza _______________________ 4, 13, pl. 1 

Recurvoides contortus _____________________ 4, 16, pl. 1 

turbinatus ___________________________ 4, 16, pl. 1 

Reophax di[flugiformis ____ ---- _ ---------------- 13 insectus ______________________________ 4, 14, pl.1 

scorpiurus ___________________ 4, 7, 9, 10, 14, pl.1 

Rhabdammina abvssorum ____ ------------ 4, 12, pl. 1 

Rhizammina indit'isa _____________________ 4, 12, pl. 1 

sp_ ---------------------------------- 4, 12, pl. 1 

ringens carinata, Biloculina ___ ---------------- 20 Robert ina arctica_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ 6, 38 

Robulus cushmanL___________________________ 21 

nikobarensis __________________________ 5, 21, pl. 3 

occidentalis _____________________ 5, 7, 21, 22, pl. 3 

strongL _____________________________ 5, 22, pl. 3 

Rosalina isabelleana___________________________ 31 

ornatissima _______________ 5, 7, 8, 30, 31, 32, pl. 4 

wrightii__ __________ __________ ------------- 5, 31 

rotalaria, Pyrgo ____ ---------------- 4, 8, 20, 21, pl. 2 

Rotalia ___ ------------------------------------ 32 columbiensis _____________________ 5, 7, 8, 32, pl. 4 

trochidi/ormis ___ ------ _________ ------- _ --- 32 

rotaliformis, Trochammina _______________ 4, 18, pl.1 

Rotalina turgida_______________________________ 36 

rotunda, Triloculina ______________________ 4, 19, pl. 2 

rotundata, Goesella____________________________ 17 

Rupertia stabilis_ ---------------------- 6, 7, 35, pl. 5 

s 

Saccammina dif}lugiformis ________________ 4, 13, pl. 1 

Saccorhiza ramosa ________________________ 4, 13, pl. 1 

salisburyi, Pullenia ----------------- 6, 7, 8, 38, pl. 5 scalaris, Lagenonodosaria _________________ 5, ~s. pl. 3 

Nodosaria ______________________________ --- 23 

scapha labradorica, Nonionina_________________ 35 

Schenckiella primaeva _____ ---------- 4, 7, 10, 18, pl. 1 

A45 

Pagtscitula, Globorotalia ____ ------------------ 6, 39, pl. 5 

scitulum, Alr,eolophragmium_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 

Haplophragmium ____________ ------------- 15 

scitulus, Cribrostomoides __________________ 4, 15, pl. 1 

Haplaphragmoides __ ---------------------- 15 scorpiurus, Reopha. ______________ 4, 7, 9, 10, 14, pl. 1 

Sea of Okhotsk.------------------------------ 8 

seminula, Quinqueloculina____________________ 19 

seminulum, Quinqueloculina ___________ 4, 8, 19, pl. 2 

senticosa, Uvigerina_-------------------------- 30 Sigmoilina distorta _____________________ 4, 7, 19, pl. 2 

Sigmomorphina trilocularis__ ___________ 5, 8, 25, pl. 3 

Sinistral coiling of Globigerina pachyderma_____ 11 

Southeastern Alaska __________________ 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 

sphaera, Biloculina____________________________ 21 

Pyrgoella __ -------------------------- 5, 21, pl. 2 

sphaeriloculum, Haplaphragmoides____________ 15 

sphaeriloculus, Haplaphragmoides ________ 4, 15, pl. 1 

Spirillina arenacea____________________________ 14 

Spiroplectammina biformis _______________ 4, 16, pl. 2 

Spitzbergen ___ --------------_________________ 8 

squamata, Trochammina _________________ 4, 18, pl.1 

stabilis, Rupertia ______________________ 6, 7, 35, pl. 5 

stalkeri, Quinquelocltlina _____________ 4, 8, 9, 19, pl. 2 

stellata, Nonionina ___ ______ -_ --- _ --- _ _ _ _ __ _ _ __ 36 

stellatum, Astrononion ___ --------------------- 36 

Strait of Georgia______________________________ 8 

Strait of Juan de Fuca________________________ 8 

striata, Lagena _________________________ 5, 8, 25, pl. 3 

Oolina ___ -__ ----- _ ------- __ ------ _-------- 25 

striatopunctata, Lagena sulcata __ ---- __ -- _--- _ _ 29 

Oolina _____________________________ 5, 7, 29, pl. 3 

strongi, Robulus __________________________ 5, 22, pl. 3 

subaenariensis, Bolivina __________________ 5, 27, pl. 4 

subarcticum, Elphidium _______________________ 33,34 

subfusiformis, Buliminella ________________ 5, 26, pl. 3 

subglobosa, Cassidulina ________________________ 6,37 

subglobulus, Pyrgo _______ --- __ ---------------- 20 

Submarine Beach deposit fauna, comparison 

with searidge samples _____ --------------- 10 

subrotunda, Quinqueloculina ____ --------- 4, 19, pl. 2 

subsoluta, Dentalina ___________________ 5, 7, 23, pl. 3 

sulcata striatopunctata, Lagena __ -------------- 29 

suturalis, Orbulina____________________________ 39 

Systematic descriptions_______________________ 12 

T 

Taku Harbor_________________________________ 2, 7 

tenuata, Bulimina exilis----------------------- 26 

teretis, Cassidulina __________________ 6, 8, 9, 38, pl. 5 

Textularia ___ --------------------------------- 10 

earlandL _______ -------------------------- 8 

tortuosa, Cassidulina ______________ 6, 10, 37, 38, pl. 5 

triangularis, Cruciloculina _____________ 4, 7, 20, pl. 2 

tricarinata, Triloculina________________________ 20 

Trichohyalus _______ --------------------------- 32 

columbiensis __ ---------------------------- 32 

pustulata ____ ---- ___ ---------------------- 32 

trilocularis, Polymorphina_____________________ 25 

Sigmomorphina ____________________ 5, 8, 25, pl. 3 

Triloculina rotunda_--------------------- 4, 19, pl. 2 

tricarinata _____ --------------------------- 20 

Trochammina advena _____________________ 4, 18, pl.l 

rotaliformis __________________________ 4, 18, pl.1 

squamata ____________________________ 4, 18, pl. 1 

trochidiformis, Rotalia _________ ---------------- 32 

turbinatum, Haplophragmium_________________ 16 

turbinatus, Recurvoides ___________________ 4, 16, pl.1 

turgida, digitata, Nonionella ______________ 6, 36, pl. 5 

Nonionella ___ __ --- _____ -___ ----- __ -- -- ---- 6, 36 

Rotalina. _____ ______________ ------- _ ------- 36 

u universa, Orbulina_---------------------- 6, 39, pl. 5 

Uvigerina peregrina ______________ 5, 7, 8, 10, 30, pl. 4 

peregrina bradyana________________________ 30 

parvula _____________ -___ -------------- 30 

senticosa. _______________ ---- __ -- ______ -- _- 30 

sp ___________________________________ 5, 30, pl. 4 
A46 INDEX 

v Page Page Page 

Vaginulinopsis________________________________ 23 vespertilio, Biloculina ____ --------------------- 21 White Sea____________________________________ 8 

bacheiL ____________ ---------------- _____ 5, 7, 23 

Valvulineria ___ --------- _- -------------- _ ----- 10 

variabilis, Pelosina _______________________ 4, 13, pl. 1 

veleronis, Alveolophragmium___________________ 15 

Pyrgo __________________________ 5, 7, 20, 21, pl. 2 

Virgulinafusiformis.---------------- 5, 8, 9, 26, pl. 3 

vitrea, Epistominella ________________ 5, 8, 32, 33, pl. 5 

vulgaris, Lagena______________________________ 24 

williamsoni, Entosolenia______________________ 29 

Lagena _________________________________ ._ 29 

Oolina _________________________ 5, 7, 29, 30, pl. 3 

Cribrostomoides ____________________ 4, 7, 15, pl. 1 lVrightii, Discorbina___________________________ 31 

Haplaphragmoides________________________ 15 w wrightii, Eponides_____________________________ 31 

Vermiculum laeve .. -- _____ . ___ ___ _ ___ _ ___ _ __ _ _ 24 Wall structure, significance ___________________ 36,37 Rosalina______________ ___ ___ __________ ____ 5. 31 
PLATES 1-5 
PLATE 1 

FIGURE 1. Rhabdammina abyssorum M. Sars? (p. A12). 

USNM 642385, X 20; USGS loc. f25949 (Pamplona 3). 

2. Rhizammina indivisa Brady (p. A12). 

USNM 642409, X 28; USGS loc. f25950 (Pamplona 4). 

3. Rhizammina? sp. (p. A12). 

USNM 642499, X 14; USGS loc. f25955 (Kasaan Bay). 

4. Psammosphaera fusca Schulze (p. A12). 

USNM 642386, X 14; USGS loc. f25949 (Pamplona 3); view showing aperture. 

5. Saccammina di.fflugiformis (Brady) (p. A13). 

USNM 642468, X 45; USGS loc. f25953 (Pamplona 8); view showing aperture. 

6. Psammatodendron arborescens Norman (p. A13). 

USNM 642469, X 14; USGS loc. f25953 (Pamplona 8). 

7. Pelosina variabilis Brady (p. A13). 

USNM 642410, X 14; USGS loc. f25950 (Pamplona 4). 

8. Reophax insectus Goes (p. A14). 

USNM 642447, X 10; USGS loc. f25952 (Pamplona 7). 

9. Saccorhiza ramosa (Brady)? (p. A13). 

USNM 642442, X 14; USGS loc. f25951 (Pamplona 5). 

10. Schenckiella primaeva (Cushman) (p. A18). 

USNM 6424.76, X 14; USGS loc. f25953 (Pamplona 8). 

11, 12. Hyperammina elongafa Brady? (p. A13). 

11. USNM 642411, X 14; USGS loc. f25950 (Pamplona 4). 

12. USNM 642412, X 14; USGS loc. f25950 (Pamplona 4). 

13, 14. Reophax scorpiurus Montfort (p. A14). 

13. USNM 642470, X 14; USGS loc. f25953 (Pamplona 8). 

14. USNM 642471, X 14; USGS loc. f25953 (Pamplona 8). 

15. Goesella? sp. (p. A17). 

USNM 642449, X 14; USGS loc. f25952 (Pamplona 7). 

16. Trochammina advena Cushman (p. A18). 

USNM 642477, X 40; USGS loc. f25953 (Pamplona 8); a, dorsal view; b, ventral view; c, 

edge view. 

17. Trochammina squamata Parker and Jones (p. A18). 

USNM 642531, X 90; USGS loc. f25959 (Gambier Bay). 

18. Trochammina rotaliformis J. Wright (p. A18). 

USNM 642421, X 40; USGS loc. f25950 (Pamplona 4); a, dorsal view; b, ventral view. 

19. Cribrostomoides scitulus (Brady) (p. A15). 

USN M 6424 73, X 40; USGS loc. f25953 (Pamplona 8); a, side view; b, edge view. 

20. Haplaphragmoides sphaeriloculus Cushman (p. A15). 

USNM 642415, X 40; USGS loc. f25950 (Pamplona 4). 

21. Cribrostomoides jeffreysii (Williamson) (p. A15). 

USNM 642525, X 40; USGS loc. f25957 (Taku Harbor). 

22. Oribrostmnoides veleronis (Cushman and McCulloch) (p. A15). 

USNM 642443, X 40; USGS loc. f25951 (Pamplona 5); a, side view; b, edge view. 

23. Recurvoides turbinatus (Brady) (p. A16). 

USNM 642512, X 90; USGS loc. f25956 (Excursion Inlet); a, side view; b, edge view. 

24. Oribrostomoides crassimargo (Norman) (p. A15). 

USNM 642500, X 20; USGS loc. f25955 (Kasaan Bay); a, side view; b, edge view. 

25. Ammotium cassis (Parker) (p. A16). 

USNM 642528, X 40; USGS loc. f25958 (Lynn Canal). 

26. Amrnobaculites arenarius Natland (p. A16). 

USNM 642416, X 40; USGS loc. f25950 (Pamplona 4). 

27. Haplaphragmoides planissimns Cushman (p. A14). 

USNM 642472, X 25; USGS loc. f25953 (Pamplona 8). 

28. Gaudryina arenaria Galloway and Wissler (p. A16) 

USNM 642448, X 40; USGS loc. fZ5952 (Pamplona 7); a, front view; b, top view. 

29. Recurvoides contortus Earland (p. A16). 

USNM 642530, X 40; USGS loc. f25959 (Gambier Bay); a, side view; b, edge view. 
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 573-A PLATE 1 

RECENT ARENACEOUS FORAMINIFERA 
PLATE 2 

FIGURES 1, 2. Dorothia aff. D. bradyana Cushman (p. A17) . 

1. USNM 642418, X 40; USGS loc. f25950 (Pamplona 4). 

2. USN M 642419, X 40; USGS loc. f25950 (Pamplona 4). 

3. Gaudryina arenaria Galloway and Wissler (p. A16). 

USN M 642417, X 40 ; USGS loc. f25950 (Pamplona 4); a, front view; b, t op view. 

4, 5. Spiroplectammina biformis (Parker and Jones) (p. A16) . 

4. USNM 642513, X 80; USGS loc . f25956 (Excursion Inlet). 

5. USNM 642514, X 80; USGS loc . f25956 (Excursion Inlet). 

6, 7, 13, 21. Goesellafiintii Cushman (p. A17). 

6. USNM 642474, X 20 ; USGS loc. f25953 (Pamplona 8). 

7. USNM 642445, X 40; USGS loc. f25951 (Pamplona 5). 

13. USNM 642475, X 20; USGS loc. f25953 (Pamplona 8). 

21. USN M 642444, X 40; USGS loc. f25951 (Pamplona 5). 

8. Eggerella advena (Cushman) (p. A16). 

USN lVJ 642515, X 40; USGS loc. f25956 (Excursion Inlet). 

9. Ammodiscus gullmarensis Hoglund (p. A14) . 

USN M 642414, X 40; USGS Joe. f25950 (Pamplona 4). 

10. Karreriella baccata (Schwager) (p. Al7). 

USNM 642420, X 40; USGS loc . f25950 (Pamplona 4). 

11. Cornuspira involvens (Reuss) (p. A21) . 

USNM 642394, X 40; USGS loc. f25949 (Pamplona 3). 

12. Ammodiscus arenaceus (Williamson) (p. A14) . 

USNM 642413, X 14; USGS loc. f25950 (Pamplona 4). 

14. Biloculinella globula (Bornemann) (p. A20). 

USN M 642422, X 40.; USGS loc. f25950 (Pamplona 4) . 

15. Quinqueloculina subrotunda (Montagu) (p. A19). 

USNM 642532, X 40; USGS loc. f25959 (Gambier Bay). 

16. Quinqueloculina agglutinala Cushman (p. A18). 

USNM 642387, X 40; USGS loc. f25949 (Pamplona 3); a, front view; b, apertural 

view. 

17. Quinqueloculina stalkeri Loeblich and Tappan (p. A19) . 

USNM 642501, X 40; USGS loc. f25955 (Kasaan Bay). 

18. Sigmoilina distorta Phleger and Parker (p. A19). 

USNM 642450, X 80 ; USGS loc. f25952 (Pamplona 7). 

19. Quinqueloculina seminulum (Linne) (p. A19). 

USNM 642481, X 40; USGS loc. f25954 (Clarence Strait) 

20. Pyrgoella sphaera (d'Orbigny) (p. A21). 

USN M 642393, X 45 ; USGS Joe. f25949 (Pamplona 3); apertural view. 

22. Quinqueloculina akneriana d 'Orbigny (p. A18). 

USNM 642388, X 40; USGS loc . f25949 (Pamplona 3). 

23 . Quinqueioculina frigida Parker (p. AHJ). 

USl'l M 642526, X 40; USGS loc. f259'>7 (Taku B.arbor); a, front view; b, apertural 

vie"r· 

24. Pyrgo vespertilio (Schlumberger) (p. A:H) . 

U':l N M 642451, X 14 ; USGS loc. f2 .5952 (Pamplona 7); a, front view; b, apertural view. 

25. Pyrgo abyssorum (Goes) (p. A20). 

USl'l M 642391, X 14; USGS loc . f25949 (Pamplona 3) ; a pert ural view. 

26. Pyrgo depressa d'Orbigny (p. A20) . 

USN M 64Z4 78, X 14; USGS Joe . f25953 (Pamplona 8) ; a, front view ; b, apertural view. 

27. Cruciloculina trianrJularis d'Orbigny (p. A20). 

USNM 642390, X 40; USGS Joe. f25949 (Pamplona 3) . 

28. Quinqueloculina m·ctica Cushman (p. A1 9) . 

USN M 642516, X 40; USGS loc. f25956 (Excursion Inlet); a, front view; b, apertural 

view. 

29. Pyrgo lucernula (Schwager) (p. A20). 

USNM 642392, X 40; USGS loc. f25949 (Pamplona 3). 

30 . Triloculina rotunda d'Orbigny (p. A19) . 

USNM 642389, X 40; USGS loc. f25949 (Pamplona 3). 

31. Pyrgo rotalaria Loeblich and Tappan (p. A21) . 

USN M 642482, X 40; USGS loc. f25954 (Clarence Strait); a, front view; b, apertural 

view. 
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 573-A PLATE 2 

RECENT ARENACEOUS AND PORCELLANEOUS FORAMINIFERA 
PLATE 3 

FIGURE 1. Robulus occidentalis (!Cushman) (p. A21). 

USNM 642395, X 14; USGS Joe. f25949 (Pamplona 3). 

2, 3. Robulus nikobarensis (Schwager) (p. A21). 

2. USNM 642423, X 40; USGS Joe. f25950 (Pamplona 4). 3. USNM 642502, X 14; USGS Joe. f25955 (Kasaan Bay). 

4. Robulus strongi Church (p. A22). 

USNM 642503, X 14; USGS Joe. f25955 (Kasaan Bay). 

5. Astacolus planulatus Galloway and Wissler (p. A22). 

USNM 642452, X 40; USGS Joe. f25952 (Pamplona 7). 

6. Dentalina decepta (Bagg) (p. A22). 

USNM 642455, X 14; USGS Joe. f25952 (Pamplona 7). 

7. Dentalina aff. D. subsoluta (Cushman) (p. A23). 

USNM 642446, X 14; USGS Joe. f25951 (Pamplona 5). 

8, 9. MaTginulina glabra d'Orbigny (p. A22). 

8. USNM 642453, X 14; USGS Joe. f25952 (Pamplona 7). 

9. USNM 642454, X 14; USGS Joe. f25952 (Pamplona 7). 

10, 11. Dentalina baggi Galloway and Wissler (p. A22). 

10. USNM 642504, X 14; USGS Joe. f25955 (Kasaan Bay). 

11. USNM 642505, X 14; USGS Joe. f25955 (Kasaan Bay). 

12. Pseudonodosaria radicula (Linne) (p. A23). 

USNM 642479, X 14; USGS Joe. f25953 (Pamplona 8). 13. Polymorphina charlottensis Cushman (p. A25). 

USNM 642507, X 14; USGS Joe. f25955 (Kasaan Bay). 

14. Polymorphina kincaidi Cushman and Todd (p. A25). 

USNM 642427, X 40; USGS Joe. f25950 (Pamplona 4) . 15, 16. Sigmomorphina trilocularis (Bagg) (p. A25). 15. USNM 642429, X 14; USGS Joe. f25950 (Pamplona 4). 

16. USNM 642428, X 14; USGS Joe. f25950 (Pamplona 4). 

17. Lagena laevis (Montagu )(p. A24) . USNM 642426, X 40; USGS Joe. f25950 (Pamplona 4). 

18. Lagena distoma Parker and Jones (p. A24). 

USNM 642483, X 45; USGS Joe. f25954 (Clarence Strait). 

19. Lagena pliocenica Cushman and Gray (p. A25). 

USNM 642457, X 40; USGS Joe. f25952 (Pamplona 7). 

20. Lagena striata (d'Orbigny) (p. A25). 

USNM 642458, X 40; USGS Joe. f25952 (Pamplona 7). 

21. Lagena meridiana/is Wiesner (p. A24). 

USNM 642506, X 40; USGS Joe. f25955 (Kasaan Bay). 

22. Lagena elongata (Ehrenberg) (p. A24). 

USNM 642425, X 14; USGS Joe. f25950 (Pamplona 4). 

23. Fissurina cucurbitasema Loeblich and Tappan (p. A28). 

USNM 642397, X 80; USGS Joe. f25949 (Pamplona 3). 

24. Oolina apiopleura (Loeblich and Tappan) (p. A28). 

USNM 642433, X 40 ; USGS Joe. f25950 (Pamplona 4). 

25. Oolina striatopunctata (Parker and Jones) (p. A29). 

USNM 642435, X 40; USGS Joe. f25950 (Pamplona 4). 

26. Oolina lineatopunctata (Heron-Allen and Earland) (p. A29). 

USNM 642462, X 75; USGS Joe. f2 5952 (Pamplona 7). 

27. Oolina melo d'Orbigny (p. A29). 

USNM 642463, X 40; USGS Joe. f25952 (Pamplona 7). 

28. Oolina hexagona (Williamson) (p. A29) . USNM 642460, X 75; USGS Joe. f259.52 (Pamplona 7). 29. Oolina williamsoni (Alcock) (p. A29). 

USNM 642399, X 40; USGS Joe. f25\J49 (Parnplona 3). 

30. Fissurina agassizi Todd and Bronnimann (p. A28). 

USNM 642396, X 45; USGS Joe. f25\J4\J (Parnplona 3); apertural view. 

31. Fissurina Iucida (Williamson) (p. A28). 

USKM 642398, X 40; USGS Joe. f25949 (Parnplona 3). 

32. Oolina /aevigata d'Orbigny (p. A29) . USNM 642461, X 40; USGS Joe. f25952 (Pamplona 7). 

33. Frondicularia gigas Church (p. A23) . USNM 642456, X 14; USGS Joe. f25952 (Pamplona 7). 

34. Oolina borealis Loeblich and Tappan (p. A28). 

USNM 642434, X 40; USGS Joe. f25950 (Parnplona 4). 

35. Virgulina fusiformis (Williamson) (n. A26). 

USNM 642484, X 80; USGS Joe: f25954 (Clarence Strait). 

36. Buliminella elegantissima (d'Orbigny) (p. A26). 

USNM 642517, X 80; USGS Joe. f25956 (Excursion Inlet). 

37. Buliminella subfusiformis Cushman (p. A26). 

USNM 642485, X 4.5; USGS Joe. f25954 (Clarence Strait). 

38. Globobulimina auriculata (Bailey) (p. A26). 

USNM 642486, X 40; USGS Joe. f25954 (Clarence Strait). 

3H. Lagenonodosaria scalaris (Batsch) (p. A23). 

USNM 642424, X 75; USGS Joe. f25950 (Pamplona 4). 
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 573-A PLATE 3 

RECENT LAGENIDAE, POLYMORPHINIDAE, AND BULIMINIDAE 
PLATE 4 

FIGURES 1- 3. Uvigerina peregrina Cushman (p. A30). 

1. USNM 642400, X 40; USGS Joe. f25949 (Pamplona 3); smooth, elongate extreme of the 

species. 

2. USNM 642490, X 45; USGS Joe. f25954 (Clarence Strait); typical specimen. 

3. USNM 642491, X 40; USGS Joe. f25954 (Clarence Strait); spinose extreme of the species. 

4. Uvigerina sp. (p. A30) . 

USNM 642492, X 40; USGS Joe. f25954 (Clarence Strait). 

5. Angulogerina fluens Todd (p. A30). 

USNM 642464, X 40; USGS Joe. f25952 (Pamplona 7). 

6, 7. Bolivina alata (Seguenza) (p. A26). 

6. USNM 642487, X 40; USGS Joe. f25954 (Clarence Strait). 

7. USNM 642488, X 40; USGS Joe. f25954 (Clarence Strait). 

8. Bolivina subaenariensis Cushman (p. A27). 

USNM 642489, X 40; USGS Joe. f25954 (Clarence Strait). 

9, 10. Elphidium frigidum Cushman (p. A33) . 

9. USNM 642520, X 40; USGS Joe . f25956 (Excursion Inlet); a, side view; b, edge view. 

10. USNM 642521, X 40; USGS Joe. f25956 (Excursion Inlet); a, side view; b, edge view. 

11. Bolivina decussata Brady (p. A27). 

USNM 642430, X 80; USGS Joe . f25950 (Pamplona 4). 

12. Bolivina (Loxostomum) porrecta (Brady) (p. A27). 

USN1'1 642432, X 40; USGS Joe. f25950 (Pamplona 4). 

13. Bolivina oceanica Cushman (p. A27). 

USNM 642459, X 80; USGS Joe. f25952 (Pamplona 7). 

14. Bolivina pacifica Cushman and McCulloch (p. A27). 

USNM 642431, X 80; USGS Joe. f25950 (Pamplona 4). 

15. Elphidiella arctica (Parker and Jones) (p. A34). 

USN M 642529, X 40; USGS Joe . f2595R (Lynn Canal); a, side view; b, edge view. 

16, 1 7. Elphidium clavatum Cushman (p. A33). 

16. USNM 642493, X 40; USGS Joe. f25954 (Clarence Strait); a, sid e view; b, edge view. 

17. USNM 642494, X 40; USGS Joe. f25954 (Clarence Strait); a, side view; li, edge view. 

18. Elphidium oregonense Cushman and Grant (p. A34). 

USNM 642509, X 14; USGS Joe. f25955 (Kasaan Bay); a, sid e view; b, edge view. 

19. Elphidium bartletti Cushman (p. A:~3). 

USNM 642519, X 40; USGE> Joe. f25956 (Excursion Inlet); a, sid e view; li, edge view. 

20. Buccella frigida (Cushman) (p. A3 1). 

USNM 642518, X 40; USGS Joe. f25956 (Excursion Inlet); a, dorsal view; b, ventral view; 

c, edge view. 

21. Elphidiella groenlandica (Cushman) (p. A34). 

USNM 642522, X 40; USGS Joe . f25956 (Excursion Inlet); a, side view; b, edge view. 

22, 24. Eponides isabelleanus (d'Orbigny) (p. A31). 

22. US~M 642401, X 28; USGS Joe. f25949 (Pamplona 3); a, dorsal view; b, ventral view. 

24. USKM 642402, X 28; USGS Joe. f25949 (Pamplona 3); a, dorsal view; b, ventral view. 

23. Rosalina ornatissima (Cushman) (p. A30). 

USNM 642508, X 40; USGS Joe. f25955 (Kasaan Bay); a, dorsal view; b, ventral view; 

c, edge view. 

25. Rotalia columbiensis (Cushman) (p. A32). 

USN.M 642533, X 28; USGS Joe. f25959 (Gambier Bay); a, dorsal view; b, ventral view. 
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 573-A PLATE 4 

RECENT BULIMINIDAE, ELPHIDIIDAE, DISCORBIDAE, AND ROTALIIDAE 
PLATE 5 

[a, Dorsal view; b, ventral view; c, edge view, except as indicated] 

FIGURES 1, 2, 4. Cibicides lobatulus (Walker and Jacob) (p. A34). 

1. USNM 642404, X 28; USGS loc. f25949 (Pamplona 3). 

2. USNM 642403, X 28; USGS loc. f25949 (Pamplona 3). 

4. USNM 642405, X 40; USGS loc. f25949 (Pamplona 3). 

3. Dyocibicides biserialis Cushman and Valentine (p. A35). 

USNM 642510, X 25; USGS loc. f25955 (Kasaan Bay). 

5. Rupertia stabilis Wallich (p. A35). 

USNM 642436, X 25; USGS loc. f25950 (Pamplona 4). 

6, 7. Pseudononion auricula (Heron-Allen and Earland) (p. A36). 

6. USNM 642527, X 40; USGS loc. f25957 (Taku Harbor). 

7. USNM 642523, X 40; USGS loc. f25956 (Excursion I nlet). 

8. Nonionella turgida digitata NsoJrvang (p. A36). 

USNM 642497, X 40; USGS loc. f25954 (Clarence Stra~t); a, ventral view; b, edge view. 

9. Florilus labradoricus (Dawson) (p. A35). 

USNM 642495, X 40; USGS loc. f25954 (Clarence Strait); a, side view; b, edge view. 

10. Cassidnlina teretis Tappan (p. A38). 

USNM 642511, X 80; USGS loc. f25955 (Kasaan Bay). 

11. Cassidulina norcrossi Cushman (p. A37). 

USNM 642480, X 80; USGS loc. f25953 (Pamplona 8). 

12. Cassidulina tortuosa Cushman and Hughes (p. A38). 

USNM 642406, X 40; USGS loc. f25949 (Pamplona 3). 

13 . Cassidulina californica Cushman and Hughes (p. A37) . 

USNM 642438, X 25; USGS Joe. f25950 (Pamplona 4). 

14. N onionella pulchella Had a (p. A35) 

USNM 642496, X 40; USGS Joe . f25954 (Clarence Strait). 

15. Epistominella vitrea Parker (p. A32). 

USNM 64?524, X 80; USGS Joe . f25956 (Excursion Inlet). 

16. Ehrenbergina compressa Cushman (p. A38). 

USJ\M 642439, X 75; USGS Joe. f25950 (Pamplona 4). 

17. Astrononion gallowayi Loeblich and Tappan (p. A36). 

USNM 642437, , X 75; USGS Joe. f25950 (Pamplona 4). 

18. Epistominella pacifica (Cushman) (p. A32). 

USN M 642498, X 75; USGS Joe. f25954 (Clarence Strait). 

19, 21. Globigerina bulloides d'Orbigny (p. A39) . 

19. USNM 642407, X 40 ; USGS Joe . f25949 (Pamplona 3). 

21. USJ\M 642408, X 40; USGS Joe. f25949 (Pamplona 3). 

20. Pullenia sal1:sburyi R. E. and K. C. Stewart (p. A38). 

USN :vi 642440, X 75; USGS Joe. f25950 (Pamplona 4); a, sid e view; b, edge view. 

22. Globigerina pachyderma (Ehrenberg) (p. A39). 

US)..TM 642466, X 80; USGS loc. f25952 (Pamplona 7). 

23. Globorotalia scitula (Brady) (p. A39). 

USNM 64.2467, X 80; USGS Joe. f25952 (Pamplona 7) . 

24. 01·bulina universa d'Orbigny (p. A39) . 

USNM 642441, X 85; U<;GS loc. f25950 (Pamplona 4). 

25. Globigerina aff. G. eggeri Rhumbler (p. A39). 

USNM 642465, X 80; USGS loc. f25952 (Pamplona 7). 

U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTI~G OFFICE: 1967 0-237-376 
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 573-A PLATE 5 

RECENT MISCELLANEOUS BENTHONIC AND PLANKTONIC FORAMINIFERA