## ATTACHMENT-7

Technical Report:
CALGRID Ozone Simulations

### Technical Report: CALGRID Ozone Simulations

_____________________________________________________________________________________________ A-7-1 

### Background

Regional photochemical simulation of ozone concentrations in the South Coast Air Basin (Basin) in the development of the 2003 Air Quality Management Plan (AQMP)
ozone attainment demonstration was cond ucted using three modeling platforms and two chemical packages. These includ ed the Urban Airshed Model (UAM), the
California Photochemical Grid Model (CALGRID) and the Comprehensive Air Quality Model with Extensions (CALGR ID). The chemical modules included Carbon Bond IV (CB-IV) and the State Ai r Pollution Research Center module (SAPRC99). Prior to the release of the Draft 2003 AQMP, the CAMx modeling platform was removed from the stable of re gional simulation models due to its baseyear performance in recreating peak observ ed ozone concentrations. Both UAM and
CALGRID were retained for further eval uation for the Final AQMP and while UAM
with CB-IV was selected as the modeli ng and chemical package for the Plan,
CALGRID/SAPRC99 simulations continued to be conduct ed in support of the document and analysis.

This technical report briefly outlines the ch aracteristics of the CALGRID model, and its application for the August 3-7, 1997 ozone simulation. Also discussed are the model input preparation, modifications ma de to accommodate meteorological model output and performance for the base and futu re year simulations. The discussion also provides an analysis of futu re year projections of carryin g capacity that adjusts model output to account for under pr ediction of base-year ozone.



### CALGRID Air Quality Model

The CALGRID model was developed under cont ract to the ARB (Yamartino, et. al., 1989; Scire, et. al., 1989). The model fe atured full compatib ility with the CALMET meteorological model and it was the first regional air quality simulation model to incorporate the SAPRC chemical mechanis m. Recent upgrades to the CALGRID
model include the addition of the CB IV ch emical mechanism (K umar et. al, 1992) and the upgrade of the numerical advection solver (Earth Tech, 1996a). Since its release, the CALGRID model has been the s ubject of a number of peer reviews (eg., Yamartino, et. al., 1992; Kumar, et. al., 199 4) and comparisons with other air quality models (Kumar, et. al. 1994; Earth Tech, 1996b; Jiang et. al., 1998; Schulman and Moore, 1998). CALGRID has been widely used in the United States and overseas because it is not dependent on resource-intensive prog nostic meteorological models for air quality model inputs (Phinis, et. al., 1993; Jaing, et. al., 1997a; Jaing, et. al., 1997b; Silibello, et. al., 1998; Barna, et. al., 2000; Gimson, 2000; Vaughan and Lamb, 2002).

### Technical Report: CALGRID Ozone Simulations

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### Adaptation of the CALGRID Air Quality Modeling System

CALGRID simulations were conducted using the Southern California Ozone Study (SCOS97) modeling domain and meteorological data. Prior to implementing CALGRID, three potential limitations of the air quality model were identified and addressed. CALGRID model supported the CB4 and SAPRC 90 chemical mechanisms; however, it did
not contain the most recent SAPRC99f mech anism. While CALGRID model was fully compatible with the CALMET meteorological m odel it was not formulated to directly use output from the MM5 mesoscale prognostic m odel. Thirdly, because CALGRID was developed to link diagnostic meteorological mo del there was concern that the model did not
contain numerical corrections for mass-divergent flows.

By virtue of the accommodation of both the CB4 and the SAPRC chemical mechanisms, the
chemical mechanism structure within the CA LGRID code closely resembled the Flexible Chemical Mechanism of the UAM/FCM model. The UAM/FCM model (Kumar, et. al., 1995) was written to allow the inclusion or modification of any ch emical mechanism. Because of this resemblance, it was relatively straightforward to crea te an interface between the UAM/FCM model and CALGRID allowing modi fications to the chemical mechanisms
within CALGRID. When this interface wa s completed, two upgrades of the CALGRID model were made. The first upgrade replaced the SAPRC90 mechanism with SAPRC99f. (Note: the versions of the SAPRC99 chemical m echanism was not subject to peer review). The second upgrade expanded the CB4 mechanis m to include explicit representation of MTBE and inert tracer species. The iner t species provided for the simulation of nonreactive trajectories.

A meteorological preprocessor was developed to marry the output of the MM5 prognostic model with the CALGRID/CALMET system. Meteorological products including the winds, temperature and diffusivity (v ertical and horizonta l) were converted from the MM5 output to the CALGRID input format. Vertical diffusivity was defined based on CALMET generated mixing heights.



### To address the issue of mass divergence, CALGRID was modified to require a nonreactive chemical species designated as ‘N ONR’. Within CALGRID, the value of
NONR is initialized with a concentration of 1 ppb and there are no emissions of
NONR. After each one-half advection time step, all chemical species concentrations are normalized to NONR. In subsequent se nsitivity tests of the modified CALGRID, the maximum mass divergen ce within the SCOS modeli ng domain was less than
10%.



### Meteorological Model/Input Preparation

The CALGRID ozone simulations were driven by the MM5 recreat ion of the August 3-7, 1997 meteorological episode. Ba sed on NOAA’s NCEP-m odel initialization, MM5 was simulated using three grid domai ns (see Figure A- 7-1) and using 4-

### Technical Report: CALGRID Ozone Simulations

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### dimensional data assimilation. MM5 was ba sed on a Lambert Conformal coordinate system. The four dimensional data assim ilation benefited from th e extensive surface monitoring and upper air radar wind and temperature-profiling network supporting
the SCOS97 effort. The reso lution of the model horizont al grid cell was 5-squared
km in the inner domain.

As in many past mesoscale meteorological modeling efforts in southern California, the complexity of the terrain and the uniqueness of the initial conditions give rise to unusual wind flow patterns in the higher el evations. Nocturnal slope flows area often greatly exaggerated with down-slope flows occurring in gusts. Modifications to the terrain specification have been made to overcome this aspect of the prognostic simulation. In this application, the terrain file was reduced by two thirds.



### Comparison of UAM and CALGRID Simulations

Table A-7-1 provides a comparison of the key components of the CALGRID and UAM simulations. In general, emissions, base meteorological data, background and
initial conditions are identical between the a pplications. Major differences occur in the chemistry, advection schemes and the vertical layer structures. CALGRID is designed for pollutant transport over larg e domains. UAM was designed for an air basin application. Meteorological data input to CALGRID from MM5 required the development of preprocessor software to c onvert the hydrostatic prognostic data and difusivity to fixed vertical layers. Base d on the differences provided in the summary table it is easy to assume that the modeli ng applications will dive rge greatly in their solution. However, model perfo rmance is remarkably similar.

### Technical Report: CALGRID Ozone Simulations

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### Figure A-7-1

Nested MM5 Domains: The horizontal grid resolution of the outermost domain is 45 km, for the middle domain is 15 km, and for the fine scale domain is 5 km.

### Technical Report: CALGRID Ozone Simulations

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### Table A-7-1

Comparison of CALGRID and UAM Modeling Systems

Parameter CALGRID UAM
Modeling System

Domain Size SCOS97 SCOS97

Grid Size 5-Km 5-Km Vertical Layer Structure Fixed 16 Layers Variable 5-Layers Region Top 5000 meters 2000 meters Boundary/Top/Initial Conditions Modified EPA Clean* Modified EPA Clean* Modeling Coordinate System Lambert Conformal UTM

Emissions
Mobile Source EMFAC2002/Offroad/DTM4 EMFAC2002/Offroad/DTM4

Area Source Joint ARB/Dist rict Joint ARB/District

Point Source Local Districts Invent ories Local Districts Inventories Emissions Allocation/Plume Rise 3-dimensional introduction Layer-1 with Briggs plume rise Chemistry

Basic Module SAPRC99 CB-IV Chemical Solver Quasi Steady States analysis (QSSA) or Hybrid Solver quasi-steady state assumptions with Crank-Nicholson algorithm Photolysis Rates Radiation extinction as height
above sea level. One-dimensional based on Zenith angle Meteorology Meteorological Data SCOS97 SCOS97

Wind Model MM5-4DDA CALMET Advection Chapeau function based scheme
with Forester filter Forward-upstream diffusivecorrected algorithm of
Smolarkewicz Vertical Diffusivity/Diffusion Horizontal diffusion- based on stability class with adjusted wind speed, (Smagorinsky method) Vertical diffusivity –Combination of various method depending on stability and layer height Vertical diffusivity coefficient is calculated internally

Dry Deposition Surface resistance mode l Roughness length , stability, wind speed, deposition factor Mixing Heights CALMET Holsworth

Cloud Cover Yes None Mass Continuity Adjustment NONR O’Brien scheme * Modified EPA Clean include NO - 0.0 ppb, NO 2 -2 ppb, and VOC - 20 ppbv.



### Base Year Model Performance

Table A-7-2 summarizes the base-year pe rformance statistics for the CALGRID simulation for August 5 th 

### and August 6 th 

### . Performance criteria are outlined in Appendix V of the 1994 AQMP. Figures A-7-2 and A-7- 3 provide the tile plots of predicted maximum concentra tion. Figures A-7-4a th rough A-7-4q provide the diurnal plots (dplots) of predicted and observed ozone c oncentrations.

### Technical Report: CALGRID Ozone Simulations

_____________________________________________________________________________________________ A-7-6 

### The CALGRID simulation meets all of EPA’s three-performance criteria in zones 3, 4 and 5 on August 5 th 

### and meets two criteria in z ones 3 and 4 on the August 6 th 

### . The simulation under predicts the Basin peak co ncentration on both days with the ratios valuing 0.88 and 0.90 on the 5 th 

### and 6 th 

### respectively. Model performance for NO 2 

### in Zone 4, the primary ozone impact zone me t criteria in five of six categories. NO 2 

### performance for the ratio of the unpaired peak concentrati ons and systematic bias met EPA criteria in each zone on August 6 th 

### . In general performance for NO indicated over prediction in zones 3 and 5 and under pr ediction in Zone 4. Overall, CO was under predicted in each zone, regardless of the day.

As depicted in Figure A-7-2, the August 5 th 

### CALGRID simulation predicts peak
ozone concentrations in the Riverside ar ea, near the locati on where the maximum concentration was observed. Impacts are pr edicted throughout the western portion of Riverside County and concentrations be tween 140 and 160 p pb occur along the foothill regions of eastern Los Angeles a nd western San Bernardino Counties. The primary impact zone shifts towards the nor thern portion of Los Angeles County and the desert portion od San Bern ardino County on August 6 th 

### . This is consistent with
the UAM simulations and reflects the develo pment of the observed eddy circulation and southerly flow thro ugh the modeling domain.

Figures A-7-4a through A-7-4q illustrate th e capacity of the CALGRID simulation to recreate the temporal ozone di stribution. The diurnal ozone plots indicate that ozone is slightly over predicted in the San Gabriel Va lley and San Fernando Valley. In addition, the general tendency observed throughout the Basin is for over prediction of morning ozone concentrations. The morning tendency is clearly observed throughout
Zone 4. This is in contrast to the tend ency to lag late in the day observed by the
UAM simulations.

Table A-7-3 provides an observational co mparison of the performance of UAM and CALGRID for the base-year simulation. Also listed in the table are selected advantages and disadvantages of the use of either model.

### Technical Report: CALGRID Ozone Simulations

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### TABLE A-7-2

Comparative Performance Statistics

Statistic Zone 3 Zone 4 Zone 5

5 th 6 th 5 th 6th 5 th 6th
Ozone Threshold (pphm) 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0

Ratio of Predicted Basin Peak
to Peak Observed 0.88 0.90 0.88 0.90 0.88 0.90

Ratio of Unpaired Station
Peaks 0.98 1.19 0.84 0.83 1.06 1.54

Systematic Bias (%) 5 25 11 9 -5 -3 Gross Error (%) 29 35 35 37 23 62

NO 2 Threshold (pphm) 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 Ratio of Unpaired Station
Peaks 0.44 0.82 0.58 0.75 0.49 0.92

Systematic Bias (%) -59 -26 -42 -43 -24 -22 Gross Error (%) 64 49 47 65 41 59

NO Threshold (pphm) 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 Ratio of Unpaired Station
Peaks 1.10 2.00 0.41 0.40 1.29 1.17

Systematic Bias (%) -20 129 -32 -55 72 20 Gross Error (%) 90 208 72 87 142 123

CO Threshold (pptm)* 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 Ratio of Unpaired Station
Peaks 0.79 1.75 0.68 0.62 0.85 0.93

Systematic Bias (%) -51 -17 -27 -39 -12 -18 Gross Error (%) 61 60 49 52 54 60

Bold indicates numbers meeting performance goals.

* Note: No performance criteria for 1-hour average carbon monoxide and nitric oxide were available.

### Technical Report: CALGRID Ozone Simulations

_____________________________________________________________________________________________ A-7-8 Figure A-7-2

Predicted Maximum 1-Hour Average Ozone Concentrations for August 5, 1997 Episode

Figure A-7-3

Predicted Maximum 1-Hour Average Ozone Concentrations for August 6, 1997 Episode

### Technical Report: CALGRID Ozone Simulations

_____________________________________________________________________________________________ A-7-9 Figure A-7-4a

Simulated Maximum 1-Hour Average Ozone (Solid Line) Vs. Observed (Squares): August 3-7, 1997 Ozone Meteorological Episode

### Technical Report: CALGRID Ozone Simulations

_____________________________________________________________________________________________ A-7-10 Figure A-7-4b

Simulated Maximum 1-Hour Average Ozone (Solid Line) Vs. Observed (Squares): August 3-7, 1997 Ozone Meteorological Episode

### Technical Report: CALGRID Ozone Simulations

_____________________________________________________________________________________________ A-7-11 Figure A-7-4c

Simulated Maximum 1-Hour Average Ozone (Solid Line) Vs. Observed (Squares): August 3-7, 1997 Ozone Meteorological Episode

### Technical Report: CALGRID Ozone Simulations

_____________________________________________________________________________________________ A-7-12 Figure A-7-4d

Simulated Maximum 1-Hour Average Ozone (Solid Line) Vs. Observed (Squares): August 3-7, 1997 Ozone Meteorological Episode

### Technical Report: CALGRID Ozone Simulations

_____________________________________________________________________________________________ A-7-13 Figure A-7-4e

Simulated Maximum 1-Hour Average Ozone (Solid Line) Vs. Observed (Squares): August 3-7, 1997 Ozone Meteorological Episode

### Technical Report: CALGRID Ozone Simulations

_____________________________________________________________________________________________ A-7-14 Figure A-7-4f

Simulated Maximum 1-Hour Average Ozone (Solid Line) Vs. Observed (Squares): August 3-7, 1997 Ozone Meteorological Episode

### Technical Report: CALGRID Ozone Simulations

_____________________________________________________________________________________________ A-7-15 Figure A-7-4g

Simulated Maximum 1-Hour Average Ozone (Solid Line) Vs. Observed (Squares): August 3-7, 1997 Ozone Meteorological Episode

### Technical Report: CALGRID Ozone Simulations

_____________________________________________________________________________________________ A-7-16 Figure A-7-4h

Simulated Maximum 1-Hour Average Ozone (Solid Line) Vs. Observed (Squares): August 3-7, 1997 Ozone Meteorological Episode

### Technical Report: CALGRID Ozone Simulations

_____________________________________________________________________________________________ A-7-17 Figure A-7-4i

Simulated Maximum 1-Hour Average Ozone (Solid Line) Vs. Observed (Squares): August 3-7, 1997 Ozone Meteorological Episode

### Technical Report: CALGRID Ozone Simulations

_____________________________________________________________________________________________ A-7-18 Figure A-7-4j

Simulated Maximum 1-Hour Average Ozone (Solid Line) Vs. Observed (Squares): August 3-7, 1997 Ozone Meteorological Episode

### Technical Report: CALGRID Ozone Simulations

_____________________________________________________________________________________________ A-7-19 Figure A-74k

Simulated Maximum 1-Hour Average Ozone (Solid Line) Vs. Observed (Squares): August 3-7, 1997 Ozone Meteorological Episode

### Technical Report: CALGRID Ozone Simulations

_____________________________________________________________________________________________ A-7-20 Figure A-7-4l

Simulated Maximum 1-Hour Average Ozone (Solid Line) Vs. Observed (Squares): August 3-7, 1997 Ozone Meteorological Episode

### Technical Report: CALGRID Ozone Simulations

_____________________________________________________________________________________________ A-7-21 Figure A-7-4m

Simulated Maximum 1-Hour Average Ozone (Solid Line) Vs. Observed (Squares): August 3-7, 1997 Ozone Meteorological Episode

### Technical Report: CALGRID Ozone Simulations

_____________________________________________________________________________________________ A-7-22 Figure A-7-4n

Simulated Maximum 1-Hour Average Ozone (Solid Line) Vs. Observed (Squares): August 3-7, 1997 Ozone Meteorological Episode

### Technical Report: CALGRID Ozone Simulations

_____________________________________________________________________________________________ A-7-23 Figure A-7-4o

Simulated Maximum 1-Hour Average Ozone (Solid Line) Vs. Observed (Squares): August 3-7, 1997 Ozone Meteorological Episode

### Technical Report: CALGRID Ozone Simulations

_____________________________________________________________________________________________ A-7-24 Figure A-7-4p

Simulated Maximum 1-Hour Average Ozone (Solid Line) Vs. Observed (Squares): August 3-7, 1997 Ozone Meteorological Episode

### Technical Report: CALGRID Ozone Simulations

_____________________________________________________________________________________________ A-7-25 Figure A-7-4q

Simulated Maximum 1-Hour Average Ozone (Solid Line) Vs. Observed (Squares): August 3-7, 1997 Ozone Meteorological Episode

### Technical Report: CALGRID Ozone Simulations

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### Table A-7-3

General Observations

Model Base Year Simulation
Observations Model Advantages Model Disadvantages

UAM (a) Peak concentration is south
of observed (b) San Gabriel Valley generally under- predicted (c) NOx and CO reasonably well predicted in Zone 5

source area (d) Peak concentration
consistent with observations (a) Urban Application (b) Extensive Experience (c) Ease of use (a) Older advection
schemes (b)Variable grid cell height based on mixing height (c) Mass continuity issues (d) Limited number of vertical layers

CALGRID (a) Timing of peak and location
well simulated (a) Broader area of ozone impact with morning peaks (b) Slight over-prediction of
NOx in Zone 5 source areas (d) Peak concentration 88 percent of observations (a) Urban/Regional Application (b) Coupled with CALMET Meteorological model (c) Fixed layers (d) advection designed for longer range transport (a) Minimal Experience in Modeling Community (b) Diagnostic meteorological model mass continuity issues (c) Requires MM5
interface (d) More complex application

### Technical Report: CALGRID Ozone Simulations

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### CALGRID 2002 Mid-Course Evaluation

Table A-7-4 summarizes the 2002 CALGRID mid-course simulations compared to observed ozone air quality in 2002 while Fi gures A-7-5 and A-7- 6 provide the 2002 predicted spatial distribution of ozone. As discussed in Chapter 3, observed ozone on days having similar meteorological char acteristics as August 5, 1997, ranged from 140 to 170 ppb with an average of 150 ppb. The CALGRID simulation for August

5 th 

### reached 141 ppb, within the 2002 observed range but far belo w the 169 ppb peak
observed concentration. CALG RID predictions for August 6 th 

### fell below the range of
observed ozone concentrations.

TABLE A-7-4

CALGRID 2002 Projected Maximum 1-Ho ur Ozone Concentrations (ppb)

Episode Day CALGRID
Predicted (ppb) 4-Day 2002 Historical Average Ozone (ppb) Range of
Observations for Comparable days in 2002 (ppb) August 5, 1997 141 150 140 - 169
August 6, 1997 126 140 130 - 150



### 2007 CALGRID Simulations

One major component of the 2003 AQMP modeling attainment demonstration addresses the issue of transport of ozone and precursor pollutants into the Coachella Valley, Antelope Valley, South Central Co ast and Mojave Desert. The attainment year for each of these areas is 2007.

CALGRID predicted maximum ozone concen tration maps for the year 2007 are presented in Figures A-7-7 and A-7-8 for the August 5 th 

### and August 6 th 

### 1997 episodes. Controlled emissions are used for equivalent the 2007 projection. Emission reductions through 2007 are expe cted to take place through exiting
established control measures and reductions in mobile sour ce emissions as projected by EMFAC2002. Ta ble A-7-5 lists the 2007 pred icted ozone air quality for the Basin and its neighboring transport partners.

While projected ozone concentr ations in the Basin will ex ceed 124 ppb, by 2007 all areas of the Coachella Valley demonstrate a ttainment of the federal ozone standard.

### Technical Report: CALGRID Ozone Simulations

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### CALGRID projections of th e 2007 one-hour maximum ozone concentrations for Ventura County (South Central Coast Air Ba sin), the Antelope Valley, and the San Bernardino County portion of the Mojave Desert indicate that all three areas will meet the federal standard. Also presente d in Table A-7-5 Valle y is an adjusted prediction for one-hour maximum ozone for th e Antelope Valley and Mojave Desert. Both CALGRID and UAM over pr edicted ozone concentrations in the high desert for the August 6 th 

### base year simulation. For th e UAM simulation, Hesperia and Victorville were over predicte d by an average of 33 perc ent while Lancaster was over predicted by 43 percent. For the CALG RID simulation, Hesper ia and Victorville were over predicted by 9 percent while Lan caster was over predicted by 71 percent. By adjusting the 2007 UAM simulation in the local area for the base-year over prediction the estimated Antelope Valley an d Mojave Desert impacts are lowered to 72 and 112 ppb, respectively. This correc tion is consistent wi th the projected is
consistent with the direct CA LGRID simulation for August 5th.

TABLE A-7-4

CALGRID 2007 Projected Maximum 1-Ho ur Ozone Concentrations (ppb)

Episode Day Basin Coachella Valley Antelope Valley Mojave

Desert VenturaSouth
Central

Coast August 5, 1997 135 121 107 105 95 August 6, 1997 123 117 123 (72)* 122(112)* 112

* Concentration for the high desert inside the brackets is the scaled value to adjust for systematic over prediction in the base year

### Technical Report: CALGRID Ozone Simulations

_____________________________________________________________________________________________ A-7-29 Figure A-7-5

Predicted 2002 Maximum 1-Hour Aver age Ozone for August 5, 1997 Episode

Figure A-7-6

Predicted 2002 Maximum 1-Hour Aver age Ozone for August 6, 1997 Episode

### Technical Report: CALGRID Ozone Simulations

_____________________________________________________________________________________________ A-7-30 Figure A-7-7

Predicted 2007 Maximum 1-Hour Aver age Ozone for August 5, 1997 Episode

Figure A-7-8

Predicted 2007 Maximum 1-Hour Aver age Ozone for August 6, 1997 Episode

### Technical Report: CALGRID Ozone Simulations

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### 2010 CALGRID BASE-YEAR AND CONTROLLED SIMULATIONS

Table A-7-6 presents the results of the CALGRID 2010 simulation s for the base-year and control options 1 and 2. Figures A-7- 9 through A-7-14 prov ide the tile plots of predicted maximum ozone fro the base -year and controlled scenarios.

The 2010 base-year predicted peak concentrations predic ted by CALGRID indicate that the both August 5 th 

### and August 6 th 

### will exceed the federal 1-hour standard if no further controls are implemented. The Ba sin will meet the federal standard with implementation of either control option-1 or control option-2. Again, it is important
to note that the 1997 base -year simulations under predicted the maximum ozone concentrations and scaling of the modeled results will resu lt in higher ozone impacts
for both the controlled and ba seline emissions scenarios.

TABLE A-7-6

CALGRID 2010 Projected Maximum 1-h our Ozone Concentrations (ppb)

Episode Day 2010 Baseline 2010 Control Option-1 2010 Control Option-1 August 5, 1997 134 112 112
August 6, 1997 127 109 108

### Technical Report: CALGRID Ozone Simulations

_____________________________________________________________________________________________ A-7-32 Figure A-7-9 Predicted 2010 Baseline -Hour Average Ozone Concentrations for August 5, 1997

Figure A-7-10 Predicted 2010 Baseline -Hour Average Ozone Concentrations for August 6 1997

### Technical Report: CALGRID Ozone Simulations

_____________________________________________________________________________________________ A-7-33 Figure A-7-11

Predicted 2010 Maximum 1-Hour Average Ozone for August 5, 1997 Episode Option-1

Figure A-7-12

Predicted 2010 Maximum 1-Hour Average Ozone for August 6, 1997 Episode Option-1

### Technical Report: CALGRID Ozone Simulations

_____________________________________________________________________________________________ A-7-34 Figure A-7-13

Predicted 2010 Maximum 1-Hour Average Ozone for August 5, 1997 Episode Option-2

Figure A-7-14

Predicted 2010 Maximum 1-Hour Average Ozone for August 6, 1997 Episode Option-2

### Technical Report: CALGRID Ozone Simulations

_____________________________________________________________________________________________ A-7-35 

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### Technical Report: CALGRID Ozone Simulations

_____________________________________________________________________________________________ A-7-36 Schulman, L.L and G.E. Moore. 1998. Photochemical grid modeling of four high ozone episodes in the New England domain: CALGRID vs. UAM-IV. Proceedings of the 10 th Joint Conf. On Applications of Air Polluti on Meteorology. Amer. Metero. Soc. Boston, MA. 01742. pp 505- 509. January, 1998.

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