UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY WASHINGTON, D

.C. 20460



### JAN 1 0 

### 2013

MEMORANDUM OFFICE OF CHEMICAL SAFETY AND POLLUTION PREVENTION



### SUBJECT: BEAD Chemical Profile for Registration Review: Methoxyfenozide (121027) FROM: DonAtwood, Ph.D., Entomologist

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THRU: Biological Analysis Branch '---._**~** 

### Jihad Alsadek, Ph.D., Economist

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# 4- 7'{; Science Information and Analysis Branch Stephen Smearman, Economist 

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# I Economic Analysis Branch

### /$if~ Biological and Economic Analysis Division (7503P) Arnet Jones, Chief Biological Analysis Branc 

# '}IDiann Sims, Chief 

### (!. ' Science Information and Analysis Branch

TO: Bonnie Adler, Chemical Review Manager Risk Management and Implementation Branch 5 Pesticide Re-evaluation Division (7508P) 

### Product Review Panel date: December 5, 2012

1

### INTRODUCTION The purpose ofthis document is to convey usage information and a broad overview ofthepest managementroles ofpesticides that are beginning to undergo registration review. The anticipated audience consists ofthe team ofEPA staffcurrently evaluating the registration status ofmethoxyfenozide and eventually the general public. This document builds uponthe data already provided in the "Usage and Label Use DataPackages" that are also provided to Registration Reviewteams by BEAD. The document is based oninformation and data available to BEAD as ofNovember27, 2012. Methoxyfenozide is an insect growthregulator (IGR) that was first registered in 2000 as a reduced riskpesticide. According to the productlabel (Intrepid® 2F), methoxyfenozide does not disrupt beneficial insects, mites and pollinators making it ideal for IPMprograms. Itis classified by the Insecticide Resistance Action Committee (IRAC) as Group 18, diacylhydrazine, which functions as an ecdysone receptor agonist. Itis both a stomach and contact insecticide and it is a systemic onlythrough the roots ofplants. The main targetpests for methoxyfenozide are lepidopterans including; armyworm (beet, fall, and yellowstriped), soybean looper, twig borer, lea:froller (obliquebanded and omnivorous), navel orange worm, codling moth (suppression only), andboll worm (suppression only).


### IDSTORY OF BEAD ASSESSMENTS FORMETHOXYFENOZIDE BEAD has evaluated 32 Section 18 emergency exemptionrequests for the use of methoxyfenozide on soybeans, com, and sorghum for a variety ofinsectpests. The states that initiatedthe requests include: Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi and Texas from 2000 to 2009. However, methoxyfenozide was ultimately registered for all crops whichhave beenpreviously assessed.



### COMMON FORMULATIONS AND APPLICATIONMETHODS Methoxyfenozide is formulated as wettable powder and flowable concentrate. Application may be made by ground sprayer, airblast sprayer, chemigation, or aerial sprayer (wing orrotor).



### USE SITES AgriculturalUse Sites Methoxyfenozide is registered for use onbush berries, cilantro leaves, brassica (cole) leafy vegetables, leaves ofroot and tuber vegetables, citrus fruit, cotton, cranberry, cucurbit vegetables, fruiting vegetables, globe artichoke, grape, grass (forage, fodder, and hay), green onions, legume vegetables, foliage oflegume vegetables, nongrass (forage, fodder, straw, and hay), peanut, pome fruits, pomegranate, popcorn, root vegetables, soybean, spearmint, peppermint, stone fruits, strawberry, tree fruits, tree nuts, and tuberous and corm vegetables (except potato). 

### 2

### Non-Agricultural Use Sites Methoxyfenozide is registered for use on ornamental herbaceous plants, ornamental woody shrubs and vines, ornamental and/or shade trees, recreational areas/parks, and institutions (outdoor).



### USAGE AgriculturalUsage Figure 1 shows the use ofmethoxyfenozide in pounds a.i. on all crops for the time frame of 2001-2011. Following registration in 2000, methoxyfenozide showed minimal use until2004 to 2005 which is characteristic for field adoption ofnew insecticides. Since 2005, methoxyfenozide use has exhibited a slowbut steady increase. The observed decrease in 2009 most likely reflects a year oflow pestpressure and as such does not detract from the ongoing trend ofincreasing methoxyfenozide use. 

### Figure 

### 1. Agricultural Usage Data for Methoxyfenozide in Pounds A.I. on all Crops (2001- 2011 300,000

.-t 0 0 N N ("'') 

### g g N N

Source: Proprietary Data, 2001 -2011 

# 8 ..., 

### g N N 1.0 

### g r-... 

### g 

# 8 N N N Years 

# 8 N 0 .-t 0 N .-t .-t 0 N

Figure 2 belowprovides usage data for the crops withthe mostuse (almonds, apples, raisin grapes, lettuce, pistachios, soybeans, and tomatoes) for the period 2007-2011. The use of methoxyfenozide on all crops overthis time period appears to be increasing withthe exception oflettuce and tomatoes which show a decrease in use.



### 3-t-Aimonds

- Apples

-.- Grapes, Raisin**Grapes,** Wine**Lettuce**

- Pistachios
-+- Soybeans 0**+--- .-+--==~!!!!!!!!~~~;::!!!11-+~** **:::.. .-----~---** **-.- Tomatoes**  I' 0 0 N co 0 0 N en 0 0 N Years 0

..... 0 N .....
..... 0 N - Other

Other surveyed crops representing combined methoxyfenozide use of24% include alfalfa, apricots, arthichoke, beans (snap, bush, pole, string), broccoli, cabbage, cantaloupes, carrots, cauliflower, celery, cherries, cotton, cucumbers, grapefruit, table grapes, hazelnuts, limabeans, oranges, peaches, peanuts, pears, pecans, peppers, plums/prunes, pumpkins, sorghum, spinach, squash, strawberries, sugar beets, sweet com, walnuts, and watermelons. Source: Proprietary Data, 2007-2011 From 2007-2011, the annual total agricultural usage averaged approximately 236,000 pounds active ingredient (a.i.) for 1.4 million treated acres with an overall application rate of approximately 0.2lbs. a.i. per acre. Table 1, for the same time frame (2007-2011), shows the crops withthe mostuse interms of total pounds ofactive ingredient applied and total acres treated (TAT). Where the proportion of pounds applied is greater thanthe proportion ofacres treated, the typical applicationrate on that crop will behigher than the overall average. Thus, the rates on the tree crops (almonds, apples, and pistachios) and wine grapes are higher than average. In contrast, the applicationrates for tomatoes, lettuce, and especially soybean will be lowerthanthe overall average. 

### Table 1. Methoxyfenozide's Percent ofTop Crops in Terms ofLbs. Applied & 

### TAT in 

### Acres

Source: Proprietary Data, 2007-2011
4During this time frame, the crops withthe most use interms oftotal pounds ofactive ingredient are almonds (28%), wine grapes (12%), tomatoes/lettuce/apples (7% each), pistachios (6%), and raisin grapes and soybeans (4%). The crops with the mostuse interms oftotal areatreated are almonds (21%), wine grapes (11%), lettuce (9%), soybeans and tomatoes (8% each), apples (5%), and raisin grapes and pistachios (4% each). · On average, the states with the most agricultural usage interms ofpounds a.i. applied are California (79%), Washington (4%), and Mississippi andFlorida (3% each), (Proprietary Data, 2007-2011). Average yearly application in California (1 million acres) and Washington (36,000 acres) is approximately 0.2 lbs a.i./acre while application rate is approximately O.llbs a.i./acre in Mississippi (98,000 acres) and Florida (57,000 acres).
Non-Agricultural 

### Usage There is no available non-agricultural reported usage data for methoxyfenozide from our current data sources. Methoxyfenozide 

### Use Intensity By Crop Reporting District Another measure ofusage is the use intensity. In this analysis, the use intensity is expressed as the pounds a.i. applied per 1000 acres ofland in farms. This differs from the application rate, which is expressed as the pounds a.i. appliedpertreated acre. Anaverage application rate of0.2 lb a.i. peracre implies a rate of200 lb a.i. per 1000 acres. The maximum use intensity, however, is only 15 lb a.i. per 1000 acres. Figure 3 spatially represents methoxyfenozide's use intensity in the US. The most intense use is seen inthe San Joaquin valley ofCalifornia, which is the center ofU.S. almond production.



### 5Figure 3. Methoxyfenozide Usage by Crop Reporting District (2006-2010)

Sources: Average Pounds Per 1,000 Acres of Farmland

- <0.07 

### c:::JI 0.7- 1.7 

## D 1.8-4.1 4.2- 15

Proprietary Data. 2006-2010 USDA, 2006-2010. NASS Crop Reporting Districts. http: //

www.ers.usda.gov/briefinglarms/resourceregions/resourceregions

.htm#nass

. USDA, 2007. Census ofAgriculture. http://www.agcensus.usda

.gov/Publications/2007/index.asp

. This is a map of agricultural pesticide usage at the Crop Reporting District (CRD) level. CRDs are boundaries created by USDA NASS which are aggregates ofcounties (USDA, 2010). Pesticide usage is displayed as average pounds (for the years 2006-2010) per 1,000 acres offarmland in a CRD to normalize for the variation in farmland between CRDs. Farmland acreage was obtained from USDA (2007). Usage is based on private market surveys ofpesticide use in agriculture (Proprietary Data, 2006-2010). The survey data are limited to the states that represent the top 80-90% ofacreage for the individual crops; therefore, use may be occurring in regions outside the scope ofthe survey. CRDs showing no usage of pesticides may be due to either the lack of pesticide use in the region or non-participation in the agricultural surveys. In addition, across the years, there may be variations in the specific crops included in the CRD survey. This may result in a lower annual average for the CRD.



### 6BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS RELEVANT TO METHOXYFENOZIDE Methoxyfenozide works through ingestion causing**l~ae** to undergo an incomplete and developmentally lethal premature molt. Larvae cease feeding and become lethargic in a matter ofhours but mortality may not occur for several days. Due to the selective activity against lepidopteran larvae, methoxyfenozide is safe onbeneficial insects and is a good fit in insect control programs which incorporate integrated pestmanagement (IPM).

DATA NEEDS RELEVANT TO BEAD'S FUTURE WORK ON METHOXYFENOZIDE Obtaining additional information onmethoxyfenozide use on all non-agricultural use sites would improve future BEAD assessments and may be required as part ofthe registration review ofthis pesticide. Requested usage data should include, but notbe limited to, application rate, application method, application timing, application frequency, acres/area treated, and comparative efficacy to registered alternative insecticides.
CONCLUSIONS Methoxyfenozide use has continually increased since its registration in 2000. Based on the lack ofinsectresistance to methoxyfenozide, BEAD concludes that methoxyfenozide use is likely to continue to increase, particularly for almonds, raisin grapes, and soybeans. Due to the selective activity against lepidopteran larvae and safety for beneficial insects, growers will continue to choose methoxyfenozide as a good fit in insect control programs which incorporate integrated pest management.

REFERENCES: Proprietary Data. 2001-2011. Proprietary Data. 2007-2011 USDA, 2006-2010. NASS Crop Reporting Districts. http://www.ers.usda.gov/briefing/arms/resourceregions/resourceregions.htm#nass

. USDA, 2007. Census ofAgriculture. http://www.agcensus.usda.gov /Publications/2007 /index.asp

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