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3 1262 08482 9935 

NATIONAL RECOVERY ADMINISTRATION 

CODE OF FAIR COMPETITION 

FOR THE 

HOSIERY INDUSTRY 

AS SUBMITTED TO THE ADMINISTRATOR AUGUST 1, 1933 

AND AS APPROVED BY PRESIDENT ROOSEVELT 

ON AUGUST 26, 1933 · 

REGISTRY No. 241-02 

WE DO OUR PART 

UNITED STATES 

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 

WASHINGTON : 1933 

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D.C. - - - - - - - - Price 5 cents 

' 
• 

EXECUTIVE ORDEB, 

CODE OF FAIR COMPETITION FOR THE HOSIERY INDUSTRY 

An application haYing been duly made, pursuant to and in full compliance 

with the provisions of Title I of the National Industrial Recovery Act, apr rove1 

June 16, 1933, for my approYal of a Cocle of Fair Competition for the Ho icry 

Indu try, ancl hearings having been helcl thereon and the Admini trator having 

r enclered his report containing an analysis of the aid Code of Fair Competition 

togeth r with his recommenda tion· and findings with re<::pect ther eto, and the 

Administrator haYing found that the aid ode f Fair ompetition complies in 

all res1 ect with the pertinent proYi ions of '.fitle I of the said ct noel that 

th r quirement. of ·lause (1) and (2) of ubscction (a) of Section o of the 

·aid 1 ct ha ,e been met: 

Now, Therefore, I, Franklin D. Roosevelt, Presiclent of the nited States, 

pursuant to the auth rity ve·ted in me by Title I of the National Industrial 

RecoYery Act, appr Yecl June 16, 1933, and oihenvi , clo adopt 11nd UPI roy the 

r eport, recommendn tion ~, and findings of the Administrator and do order that 

the said Cod of F.air Competition be and it i hereby npproYed. 

ApproYal Recomruencl l1 : 

( Sio-ned) Hugh S. John on 

(Signed) FR.ANKLIN D. ROOSEYELT. 

The WHITE Hou. E, 

A iigust 26, 1933. 

(II) 
LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL 

AUGUST 25, 1933. 

To Gm 'ER.AL HUGH S. JOHNSON, 

Administrator A RA. 

I have the honour to hand you herewith certain documents relating to a code 

for the Hosiery Indu try. 

1. The HOSIERY CODE as recommended. 

2. A REORT of the Deputy, analyzing the Code and discus ing the effect 

of its hours and wage provi ions. 

3. TRANSCRIPT OF HE.ARING. 

4. NOTICE OF HEARING. 

The Indu trial Adviser on the Hosiery Code was Dr. George W. Taylor of the 

Univer ity of Penn ylvania, who for seven years has been connected with the 

Indu trial Research Department of that institution. In this capacity he bas 

gained an extraordinary familiarity with the Hosiery Indu try and much of 

the attached report i based on information whicl1 he furni bed. 

By arrangement with me, the Re ea.rch and Planning Divi ion "·ill furnish no 

separate report on the Hosiery Indu try and approves the data which Doctor 

Taylor has giYen me and which I pre ent to you. 

T he Labor Adviser on the Code wa l\1r. idney Hillman, and the Con umer. ' 

Ad,iser was Mr. C. C. Balder ton, to both of whom I am greatly indebted for 

va luable assi tance and advice. 

Yours faithfully, 

Appr oved : 

LINDSAY ROGERS, 

Deputy Acl,ministi-ator. 

* GEORGE w. TAYLOR, 

Representing the Industrial Adi isory Board. 

SIDNEY HIILMAN' 

Representing the Labor Advisory Board. 

* C. C. BALDERSTON, 

Revresenting the Consumers' Advisory Board. 

Er.NEST A. GROS , 

Legal Adviser. 

(Ill) 

• Appr oved before leaving fo r Philadelphia. 
'• 

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CODE OF FAIR COMPETITION FOR THE HOSIERY 

INDUSTRY 

ARTICLE I-PURPOSE 

To effectuate the policy of Title I of the National Indu trial RecoYery Act, the following provisions are submitted as a Code of Fair 

Competition for the Hosiery Industry and upon acceptance by the 

President, shall be the standard of Fair Competition for this industry. 

ARTICLE II-DEFINITIONS 

1. The term "Ho iery Industry", as used herein, includes the 

manufacturing, finishing, repairing, selling, and/ or di tributing by 

manufacturers at wholesale or retail, or distributing by wholesalers 

and selling agents of hosiery, and other related branches, a may 

from time to time be included under the provisions of this Code. 

2. The term "productive operations" is meant to embrace those 

operations in the plant which have to do with the manufacturing 

and packing of hosiery, to the point where it is ready for torage or 

shipment. 

3. The term "Association" shall be understood to mean the 

National A. sociation of Hosiery :Manufacturer . 

4. The term "person" shall include natural persons, partnerships, 

a ociations, and corporations. · 

5. The term " Code Authority" hall refer to the Ho iery Code 

Authority as described in Article IX o:f this Code. 

6. The term "proclucti-ve equipment ' when u eel in thi Code hall 

refer to knitting machines. 

7. The term "Sub-standard employee" shall mean one who e 

established capacity to produce is substantially below the minimum 

acceptable performance for the class of work he is doing. 

ARTICLE III-DATE CooE G oE INTO EFFECT 

This Code shall go into effect the second Monday following the 

date on which it shall be approved by the Pre ident. 

ARTICLE IV-Ho RS OF vV ORK 

1. On and after the date on which this Code goe into effect no 

per on in the Hosiery Industry shall employ any employee in productive operations on a schedule of hour of labor which hall x e l 

forty ( 40) hours per week. 

2. It is un ler tood that the above limitation on hour of work hall 

not apply to office employees, up rvi or , forem n engineer , firemen, ~lectricians, repairshop men, dyers, hipping force, watchm n, 

(1) 
2 

cleaners, outside workers, sales force, and those engaged in emergency 

maintenance or repair work. 

3. On and after September 4, 1933, the maximum number of hours 

for office employees in the Hosiery Industry shall not exceed an 

average of forty ( 40) hours per week over each period of six months. 

4. On or before January 1, 1934, the Code Authority shall prepare 

and submit to the Administrator suggestions for a schedule of maximum hours and minimum wages to apply to those employees excepted under Section 2 of this Article. 

5. It is interpreted that the provisions for maximum hours establish a maximmn of hours of labor per week for every employee covered, so that under no circumstances will such an employee be employed or permitted to work for one or more employers in the Industry in the aggregate in excess of the prescribed nrnnber of hours in 

a single week. 

6. The productive operations of a plant shall not exceed two shifts 

of forty ( 40) hours each per week. The work week for productive 

operations, except dyeing, hall not exceed five (5) lays of eight (8) 

hours each. These days shall be Mon lay to Friday, inclu ive, except in those states where the state laws op 0 rate to prevent the operation of two forty (40) hour shifts within the mentioned five (5) 

days. In such states, the employer may operate one shift on Saturday, not to exceed four ( 4) hour , it beina definitely understood that 

his total machine hours hall not exceed eighty ( 80) hours per week. 

7. For a period of six ( 6) month following the date on which 

this Code goes into eff ct full-fashioned hosiery plnnts whose foot-

,. ing equipment on July 24, 1933, was being operated on a two-shift 

basis may continue to operate such equipm.ent on a two-shift ba is, 

but. the length of each of these shifts shL 11 not e:s:ceo 1 thirty-five (35) 

ho 1rs per week. The rates pail to knitters, knitting-helpers, and 

toppers workino- on these thirty-five (35) hour shift , shall be uch , 

as to provide them earnings equal to tho e which they would receive 

if working on forty (40) hour shifts. Full-fashioned hosiery mills 

-whose footing equipment on July 24, 1933, was being operated on a 

one-shift basis shall not, during said six ( 6) month , operate uch 

equipment more than one shift of forty (40) hours per week. Not 

later than thirty (30) days before th expiration of the n1entioned 

six (6) months, the Code Authority shall submit, for the Administrator's approval, a recommendation for determinina a more permanent policy re pecting footer operation designed to effect a reasonable balance between production and demand. 

8. l\fanufacturers of woolen ho iery may operate their knitting 

equipment not to exceed three (3) shifts of forty ( 40) hours each 

until December 31, 1933 after whi h time their knitting operations 

shall be limited to two (2) shifts of forty ( 40) hour each. This 

exception applies only to the manufacture of hosiery which contains 

at least twenty percent (20%) of wool. 

ARTICLE v-,v AGEs 

On and after the date on which this Code bec@ines effective the 

minimum wage, on the ba is of forty ( 40) hours' labor per week, to 

be paid by all employers in the Ho iery Industry shall be at the 

following rates: 
3 

1. FULL-FASHIONED MANUFACTURE 

Classification of workers 

Class 1: Leggers, footers: 36 gauge and below __________ ______ _________________ _________ _______________ _ 39 gauge _____________________ _______ ________________________________________ _ 42 gauge ____ ___________ ___________________________________ ______ __ ______ ____ _ 45 gauge ____________________ ______ _______________________________ __ _________ _ 48 gauge ____________________________________________________________________ _ 

51 gauge and above ______________________________________________ __ _________ _ Class 2: Boarders ______________________________________________________________ _ 

Class 3: Toppers, looper , seamers, skein winders, menders, pairers, finished inspectors, helpers on knitting (over six months' training), pairer-folders _______ _ Class 4: tampers, boxers, gray examiners, folders, cone-winders, other produc- tiY~ wor~e_rs, learners (including machine helpers), for the second 3 months of their tra1nmg __________________________________________ . ___________ . ______ . ___ _ 

Class 5: Learners (including machine helpers), for the first 3 months of their training ______________________________________________________________________ _ 

2. SEAMLESS MANUFACTURE 

Classification of workers 

Class 1: Machine fixers _____________________________________________ _____________ 

Class 2: Knitters (above 240 needle), loopers (above 240 needle), boarders ________ Class 3: Knitters (240 needle and below), loopers (240 needle and below), seamers, 

toppers, menders, pairers, welters, trimmers, stampers, fold ers, boxers, inspectors, winders, knitters (ribbed top), shipping help, machine fixer helpers, other 

productive workers ____________________________________________________________ Class 4: Learners (first 3 montho.' training) _____________________________________ 

Minimum weekly rate 

North South 

$18.50 $16. i5 

20.00 18.00 

21. 50 19. 50 

23.50 21. 25 

25.50 23.00 

27. 50 24. 75 

17.00 15.50 

15.00 13. 50 

13.00 12.00 

8.00 8.00 

Minimum weekly rate 

North South 

$18.00 $16.25 

14.00 12. 75 

13.00 12.00 

8.00 8.00 

3. It is interpreted that tho provisions for a 1'ninimum wage in this 

Code establish a guara.nteed minimum rate of pay per hour of employment regardless of whether the employee's compensation is based 

on a time rate or upon a piecework performance. This is to avoid 

fru tration of the purpose of the Code by changing from hour to 

piecework rules. 

4. The territory constituting "South" embraces the States of Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, ~1aryland, 

Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma., South Carolina, Tennessee, 

Texas, Virginia, and "\1/ est Virginia. 

5. The learner's first three (3) months' training provided for under 

Class 5 of Section 1 and Clas 4 of Section 2 of thi's article is the 

aggregate of his or her first three (3) months' training within the 

industry, whether continuous or not, and whether employed by or 

permitted to work for one or more ern.ployers. 

6. The practice of requiring or permitting a knitter to pay part or 

all of the wages of a knitter-helper is prohibited. The full wages 

of all employees shall be paid by the employer. 

7. The amount of production of work required of any emplo3 ee 

shall not be increased over that required for the ame cla s of work 

prior to July 15 1933, for the purpo e of avoiding the benefit to 

employees prescribed by this Code with r spe t to wages and hour of 

employment. 

8. The mini1num wacres of ubstandard emplo e hall not be 

more than twenty percent (20%) below tho e of regular employees 
4 

in the ame class of work. The total number of substandard employees . hall not at any time exceed five p rcent ( 5%) of all the 

productive employees of t he plant. They shall be regi tere l with 

the Code Authority in such manner a it may specify. 

9. On and after the date on which the Code goes into effect, the 

minimum wages paid by employers in the H o iery Industry to all 

employees not specified in Sections 1 and 2 of this Article, except 

cleaners, outside. workers and substandard worker , shall be at the 

rate of twelve dollars ($12.00) per week in the South and a,t the 

rate of thirteen dollars ($13.00) in the North for forty (40) hours 

of labor. 

ARTICLE VI-CoNDITIONS OF ,v ORK 

1. All productive operations hall be carried on on the premises 

of a plant, this being understood to specifically prohibit the farming 

out of work to be done in private homes or el where than in a 

plant. Exceptions, in th ca of individual worker , may be 

granted where the proof show that the worker an only work at 

home, and requires such work a. a means of li velihoo l. Permit for 

exception shall be procurable from the Co le Authority which will 

prescribe the manner and conditions under whi h thoy shall be 

considered. 

2. On and after the date on wl ich this Cod hall be in effect, no 

person in the Hosiery Indu try hall employ any minor uncl r the 

age of sixteen (16) years. 

3. (a) All full fa ·hionecl footing machine · hall be operated on a 

single-machine basi , i.e., one knitter, or on knitter an 1 one knitting-helper, to one machine. 

(b) pder no condition is a knitter to operate more than two full 

fashioned legging machine . ,vhen operating tw such legging machines, he shall be a si ted by two knitting-helper·. 

( ) The Code Authority . hall collect information on the extent 

of double-machine full fc shioned legging operations as of July 15th 

and as of September 15th and make such recommendations t the 

Administrator as it may see fit. Pending such r comm ndations, 

full fashioned legging machine operating on a sincrle-n1achine basis 

shall continue on such ba i . 

ARTICLE VII-REPORT .. \:ND DAT_\ 

For the purpose of judging the ob erYance of the Code, of gauging 

the extent to which the objectives of the National Industrial Recovery Act are being attained, u,n 1 cf being able to intelligently make 

any nee ·ary an endments or additions to the Code., each person 

engaged in the manufacture of hosiery hall furni. h the National 

As ·ociation of Ho iery 1\Iannfacturer prop 0 dy certified reports of 

such character and in uch form as the A sociation may prescribe. 

Among such reports to be required are the following: 

1. Ad1,•ance basic report, covering recent shipment or production 

figures in the terms of tyles commonly accepted in the trade, hours 

of work, plant operation hours, ·wages and equipment, etc. 

2. 1V ekly shipment report. 
5 

8. Jf onthly production, p1·odu,ction and selling costs, shipments, 

stocks on hand, change in equipnient, wages and hours of labor 

report. 

ARTICLE VIII-FAIR TRADE PRACTICE 

To assure fair competition in the Industry and proper practices 

in the merchandising of hosiery, the following fair trade practice 

provisions are made a part of the Code and binding on all hosiery 

manufacturers : 

1. Oontracts.-(a) ,Vritten orders, as well as oral orders based on 

practice established between the buyer and the seller concerned, shall 

be rerf ormed on the terms specified. 

( b) The practice of permitting the listing of a style by a cu tomer 

without a definite quantity contract is unfair trade practice. 

( c) The Association shall develop uniform conditions of sale for 

the use of the industry. 

2. Price guarantees.-To guarantee prices against decline is an 

unfair trade practice. 

3. Bonuses, rebates, discounts, et cetera.-To allow commissions, 

bonuses, rebates, refunds, credits, unearned discounts, or subsidies of 

any kind, to a purchaser, whether in the form of money, services, payment of any part of the wages of a customer's employee advertising or otherw:i'se, or the return of merchandise except for mill 

imperfections, or the giving of premiums, when not extended to all 

purchasers under like terms and conditions, is an unfair trade 

practice. 

Hosiery manufacturers selling merchandise under their own 

brands shall have the right to enter arrangements for cooperafrve 

advertising of such brands. Such manufacturers may also offer 

exchange merchandise services, returns for credit excepted, provided 

that such practices are part of their regular and customary merchandising methods, and provided that these privileges are open to 

all customers of such manufacturers. The manufacturer's share of 

cooperative advertising referred to above shall not exceed fifty (59) 

percent of the amount actually spent. 

4. Selling below cost, et cete1·a.-( a) The sellin~ of merchandise 

below cost, except as provided under subsection l.i of this section 

and section 8 of this article, is unfair trade practice. 

(b) The billing of customers' sample requirements at less than 

regular stock prices is unfair trade practice. 

(c) All closeouts of discontinued styles and/or sizes and/or broken 

as ortments, if sold below cost, shall be stamped "Discontinued" on 

each hose with an indelible transfer ordered only through the 

Association. 

( d) Each manufacturer in the Industry shall determine costs in 

a manner approved by the Code Authority. 

5. Shipments o~ consignment.-To ship hosiery on consignment 

or on memorandum is unfair trade practice. 

6. Oommercial bri,bery.-The giving of gratuities or bribes for 

the purpose of obtaining commercial advantage or preferenc , 

whether in the form of money, goods, or privileges, is unfair trade 

practice. 

8904 °---38---2 
6 

7. Return of rnerchandise for re-fvn,ishing.-To allow a customer to 

return merchandise for refinishing or redyeing without charging 

actual cost therefor is unfair trade practice. 

8. Sale of nwrchandise other than first quality.-( a ) The sale of 

irregulars or seconds in the packing of firsts, with the intent or effect 

of deceiving the purchaser or the ultimate consumer, is unfair trade 

practice. 

(b) All full-fashioned hosiery, and all seamless h osiery other than 

bundle goods, which is not first quality, shall be stamped or transferred either " Irregulars " or " Seconds " on the toe or sole of each 

hose, except that goods of a lower clas ification commonly known 

as thirds must be stamped or transferred "Thirds." 

( c) All stamping of this nature must be indelible. The words 

"Irreo-ulars" " Seconds" or "Thirds" must be in full-face type b c l l l 

l etters of not less than three sixteenths of an inch in height. 

9. Sale of mill 'l"IJIJ1,S,.-To sell hosiery commonly known as "Mill 

Runs" containing hose which according to proper inspection as generally practiced by the industry would be classified as " Irregulars " 

or "Seconds", with the intent or effect of deceiving the ultimate 

consumer, is unfair trade practice. 

10. Substitution.-To ship or deliver hosiery which does not conform in quality and value to the samples submitted or representations made prior to securing the order, without the knowledge or 

consent of the purchaser to such substitutions, is unfair trade 

practice. 

, 11. Misbranding and improper 11W,rking.-To sell hosiery marked 

or branded falsely with the effect of misleading or deceiving purchasers or the ultimate consumer with respect to price, quantity, 

quality, gauge, grade, substance, or value of the merchandise is 

unfair trade practice. 

12. Misrepresentation of ?n(l)terials.-(a) If any definite section or 

sections of the hose be made of a material entirely different from that 

of the bulk or body of the stocking, when such material gives the 

appearance of silk, the hose must be stamped with the names of both 

materials. 

(b) No material or content shall be stamped on any hose unless it 

represents at least five per cent ( 5% ) of the hose by weight. When 

two or more contents exist, if any content is stamped on the hose, all 

contents constituting five per cent ( 5%) or more of the weight of 

the hose shall be stamped and in the order of major content. 

13. bnitation of competitor's rnarks.-The imitation of the trade 

marks, trade names, slogans, or other marks of identification of 

competitors, having the tendency to mislead or deceive the ultimate 

consumer, is an unfair trade practice. 

14. Observance of Oode.-The failure to observe any rule in this 

Article of the Code, even if it does not contain the words " unfair 

trade practices ", is a violation of the Code. 

15. Arbitration.-All disputes, pertaining to the interpretation of 

the Fair Trade provisions described in this Article of the Code, shall 

be submitted to such forms of arbitration as n1ay be set up by the 

Association. 
7 

ARTICLE IX-CooRDIN ATION AND Am\UNISTRATION 

' 1. A Hosiery Code Authority shall be established for the purpose 

of administering this Code and for all other purposes hereinafter 

set forth. The Code Authority shall be constituted as follows: 

(a) Eight (8) members, representative of employers, shall be 

apJ?.ointed by the Board of Directors of the Association. 

(b) Two (2) members, representative of labor, shall be appointed 

by the Administrator, on nomination of the Labor Advisory Board. 

(c) Two (2) members shall be appointed by the Administrator. 2. For the purpose of assuring to the Code Authority the advice 

and suggestions of the major branches of the Industry, the Association shall provide for the selection in each major branch of the Industry of an Advisory Committee. Such Advisory Committee shall 

make such recommendations to the Code Authority as they may deem 

necessary and advisable with reference to their particular branch 

of the Industry. They may also submit recommendations affecting 

the whole Industry. Such recommendations, when approved by the 

Code Authority, and by the Administrator, shall become a part of 

this Code and shall have full force and effect as provisions thereof. 

3. It shall be the duty of the Code Authority to: 

(a) Issue and distribute to all persons in the Industry, from time 

to time, such posters or notices as, in its judgment, shall be displayed 

in the plants of the Industry for the purpose of bringing to the attention of all employees, provisions of the Code which affect them, 

and interpretations thereof by the Code Authority. The Code Au- thority may specify the manner in which such notices or posters shall 

be displayed. Failure to comply with such instructions shall be 

an infraction of the Code. 

(b) Review all questions or disputes arising under this Code. It 

shall have .the power, subject to the approval of the Administrator, 

to dispose of such issues directly or by such means or media as it 

may designate or set up for the purpose. 

( c) Report to the Administrator all violations or infractions of 

the Code which have been submitted to it in writing. The Code 

Authority may submit with such reports its recommendations as to 

appropriate action thereon. 

( d) Investigate the importation of competitive articles into the 

United States on such terms or under such conditions as to render 

ineffective or seriously endanger the maintenance of this Code, and 

act as the agency for making complaint to the President on behalf 

of the Hosiery Industry. 

( e) Submit to the Administrator from time to time uch recommendations as, in its judgment, will have the effect of improvino· 

the Code, or of improving the re ults secured thereun ler, any of 

which recommenda tions, when approved by the Admini trator, hall 

have force -and effect as provisions of this Code. Every recommendation shall be made only after a proper canvass of the opinion 

of the Industry. In submitting any recommendation to the A lministrator, the aggregate number of mills as well as the ag Te0 ate 

productive capacity, favoring or opposing the recommendation hall 

be indicated. Such recommendations shall, among other , be of 

the following character : 
8 

(1) Recommendations for changes in those provisions of the Code 

which relate to hours of work, plant hours, minim.um wages and 

working conditions, as may seem desirable in the light of experience 

under the Code. 

(2) Recommendations for changes and additions in those provisions of the Code which relate to £air trade practices. 

(3) Recommendations (a) for the requirement by the Administrator of registration by persons engaged in the Hosiery Industry 

of their productive equipment, (b) for the requirement by the Administrator that prior to the installation of additional productive 

equipment ( except for the replacement of existing eqmpment of 

equal capacity or to establish balance in existing equipment) by 

per ons engaged or engaging in the Hosiery Industry, such persons 

shall secure certificates that such installation will be in accord with 

the objectives of the Act. 

( 4) Recommendations for the acquisition and disposal of surplus 

used equipment, or the scrapping of fully depreciated obsolete equipment, and as an aid to maintaining proper balance between productive capacity and expectable demand. 

( 5) Recommendations as to requirements by the Administrator 

of uniform methods of cost accounting to assure against unfair competition and a demoralization of the market through selling below 

cost ( other than distress merchandise), and otherwise to assure 

compliance with the provisions of the Code. 

4. The cost of the administration needed to secure proper observance of this Code and any additions thereto, the compilation of 

statistical data, and such other activities as may be necessary shall 

be apportioned pro rata, so far as is practicable, to all persons in the 

Industry whether or not they are members of the National Association of Hosiery :Manufacturers. 

ARTICLE X-ADJUSTMENT OF PRIOR CONTRACTS 

yVhere the costs of execu~ing contracts entered _int~ in t~e Industry 

pnor to June 16, 1933, are increased by the apphcat10n of the provisions of this Code to the Industry, it is equitable and promotive of 

the purposes of this Code that appropriate adjustments of such 

contracts to reflect such increased costs be arrived at. Further, if 

the fulfillment of orders is delayed or prolonged as the result of 

the operations of this Code, appropriate additional time shall be 

allowed for the completion of such orders. The Association is 

constituted an agency to assist in effecting such adjustments. 

ARTICLE XI-RIGHTS OF EMPLOYEES 

National Industrial Recovery Act, Section 7, subsection a, 

"(1) Employees shall have the right to organize and bargain collectively through representatives of their own choosing, and shall be 

free from the interference, restraint, or coercion of employers of 

labor, or their agents, in the designation of such representatives or 

in self-organization or in other concerted activities for the purpose 

of collective bargaining or other mutual aid or protection; (2) No 

employee ·and no one seeking employment shall be required as a 
9 

condition of employment to join any company union or to refrain 

from joining, organizing, or a sisting a labor organization of his 

own choosing ; and (3) Employers hall comply with the maximum 

hours of labor, minimum rate of pay, and other onditions of 

employment, approved or prescribed by the President." 

ARTICLE XII-~1oNOPOLY AND DrscRnnN ATION 

No provision of this Code shall be interpreted or applied 1n any 

manner which shall1. Promote monopolies. 

2. Permit or encourage unfair competition. 

3. Eliminate, oppress, or discriminate against small enterprises. 

ARTICLE XIII-AMENDMENTS AND ADDITIONS TO CODE 

1. This Code takes into consideration the provisions of Section 10, 

Subsection b, of the National Industrial Recovery Act, by which 

"The President may from time to time cancel or modify any order, 

approval, license, rule2 or regulation issued under this title; and each 

agreement, code of fair competition, or license approved, _prescribed, 

or issued under this title shall contain an express provis10n to that 

effect." 

2. It is anticipated that experience under the Code will suggest or 

demand modifications of or additions thereto, to better accomplish 

the objectives sought by the National Industrial Recovery Act. Any 

proposed changes or addition will be submitted for the approval of 

the President. 
REPORT ON A CODE FOR THE HOSIERY INDUSTRY 

, The Hosiery Industry includes manufacturers and distributors 

of various types of full-fashioned and of seamless hosiery. The one 

r epresentative trade association of the industry is the National Association of Hosiery J\1anufacturers. According to a survey recently 

undertaken by the A sociation, its members operate over seventy percent (70 % ) of the total full-fa hioned equipment of the industry, 

and account for approximately seventy-eight percent (78% ) of the 

total shipments of fashioned hosiery. In the seamless branch of the 

industry, members of this Association are respon ible for nearly 

seventy percent (70% ) of total shipments and operate over two 

_thirds (%) of the machine equipment. 

By an executive or ler d_ated July 26, 1933, the ational Association of Hosiery Manufacturers agreed with the Pre ident that pending the approval of a code of fair competition for the industry, 

member manufacturers should be bound by certain provi ions of 

their proposed code of fair competition, to wit : the provision fixing 

maximum hours and minimum wao-es for various crafts and putting 

limitations on the u e of machinery. A code of fair competition for 

the Hosiery Industry was ubmitted to the Administrator on August 

1, 1933; a hearing was held on Augu t 10, 1933, the code was revised 

in ubsequent conference , and is herewith recommended for 

executive approval. 

The Code of Fair Competition for the Hosiery Indu try as recommended may be summarize l as follows: 

Article I enumerates the purposes of the Code. 

Arti le II sets forth c rtain definitions. 

Article III specifies the date the Code hall go into ffect. 

Article IV lists the provisions relating to hours of labor and limits 

the operation of productive equipment. 

Article V de ignates the minimum weekly wage payable to employees in various occupational groups, and places certain interpretations upon the application of the e minimum rate . 

Article VI prohibits the farming out of work to private homes, 

specifi that minors under sixteen (16) years of age are not to be 

employe 1, and provide ao-ainst exten ion of ma hine stretch-out. 

Article VII outlines the manner in which statistical reports and 

data are to be collected. 

Article VIII enumerates the fair trade practice provisions of the 

Code. 

Article IX provides for the establishment of a Hosiery Code 

Authority. 

Article X constitutes a means for assisting in the adjustment of 

contracts made prior to June 16, 1933. 

Article XI quotes the provision of Section 7 (Subsection (a)) of 

the National Industrial Recovery Act. 

(10) 
11 

Article XII insures against a pp lying the Code to promote monopolie , permit unfair trade practice, or discriminate against small 

enterpri...e . 

Article XIII quotes the pro,isions of Section 10 (Subsection (b)) 

of the .r ational Industrial Recovery Act ·ffith respect to amendments 

or additions to Code. 

LOCATION OF INDUSTRY 

A census made in July 1933 shows that there are eight hundred 

and fifty-three (853) hosiery manufa.cturing establishments in the 

United States, two hundred and eighty-eight (288) engaged principally in the knitting of full-fashioned hosiery, while five hundred 

and sixty-five (565) are classed as seamless plants, certain of which 

manufacture other types of knit goods. About one half (1⁄2) of the 

fashioned mills, operating fifty-eight percent ( 58%) of the full- fashioned equipment of the industry, are located in Pennsylvania, 

mainly in the cities o:f Philadelphia and Reading. Other important 

centers of full-fashioned manufacture are North Carolina, the New 

York-New J ersey district and the ]\fiddle vVest, which includes the 

important Wisconsin district. The seamless plants are more widely 

scattered throughout thirty-three (33) states, but almost one :fourth 

(1⁄4) are located in North Carolina and nearly one half (1⁄2 ) in the 

southern states. Pennsylvania is also an important center :for seamless manufacture, its mills representing over twenty-three percent 

(23%) o:f the total number of manufacturing establishments. 

PRODUCTION AND HOURS OF w ORK 

The production of hosiery of all types combined has not been subject to extreme yearly fluctuations within the past decade. It is significant that, even since 1929, the industry has experienced but a 

relatively minor decrease in the total dozen pairs it has manufactured 

and shipped. In 1932, for instance, production was only about 

twelve and two-tenths percent (12.2 %) below the level attained in 

1929, the year of peak production. These :facts are evident from the 

following table : 

Production trends in the hosiery industry, 1923-1932 

Year 

v 1 Average Produc- Produc- 8 ue of number tion 1 tion index pr~duc- wage 

1923 ____________________________________________ ______ __ _______ _ 1925 _____ ______ ______________________________ ___ _______________ _ 

1927 _______________________________________________ ·------------ 1929 ___ _______ ___ ______ __ __ __ ___ ____ ___ _______ __ ________ _______ _ 1931 __ _______ ______ _____ ______ ___ _______________ __ _________ ____ _ 1032 ___ _________ ___ _____ ___ ________ ________________________ ____ _ 

Source: U.S. Census or Manufactures. 

~Million 

dozen 

pairs 

97.4 

99.8 

103.2 

111. 2 

93. 2 2 97. 6 

1 Production of all types of hosiery except infants', athletic, and golf hose. 2 Preliminary estimate. 

87.6 

89. 7 

92.8 

100.0 

3.8 2 87. 8 

tion earners 

,\Ii/lions 

of dollars 

3;. 7 

403.9 

4-10.6 

5'> . 7 

317.9 

96,957 

103,930 

112, -12 

129,542 

107, 68 2 11·' 0 
12 

But despite the f act that the total demand for hosiery remained 

relatively stable, significant intraindustry adjustments took place. 

Of outstanding importance were the r apidly mcreasing production 

of women's full-fashioned hosiery and a significant displacement of 

the seamless product. The full-fashioned branch of the industry 

knit about six million (6,000,000) dozen pairs of hosiery in 1919, as 

compared with approximately thirty million (30,000,000) dozen 

pairs in 1932. Since 1929 the production and shipments of both 

women's full-fashioned and women's seamless hosiery have remained 

r ather constant and at a relatively fixed r atio between the two 

products. 

\iVith only a minor falling off in shipments of hosiery in all classes 

since 1929, the industry has had a serious unemployment and underemployment problem. In part the solution of this problem involves 

the re-absorption by the industry or former1 but now displaced, employees. To a much greater degree the problem involves the provision of more nearly full-time employment for those who since 1929 

have received only part-time employment. 

During the last four ( 4) years, the production of hosiery has been 

characterized by a sea onality of increasing severity. This is particularly true of the full-fashioned branch of the industry where the 

effect of seasonal plant operations upon employment is particularly 

marked. According to a study recently made by the Industrial Research Department of the University of Pennsylvania of the 1932 

payrolls of seventeen (17) full-fashioned hosiery concerns} it appears 

that the chance to work was offered to about one sixth \ 1/6 ) or the 

workers of those concerns for less than five (5) months in the year. 

For almost four (4) months in 1932, one fourth (1⁄4) of the employees lacked the possibility of any employment. One of the most 

difficult and important problems to be met by the industry is the 

disposition of its large labor reserve which is not utilized for shorttime employment. 

This labor reserve and the irregularity of operations must be borne 

in mind when data pertaining to average number of workers employed are considered. The average number employed must be 

increased by providing more steady employment. Reference to the 

preceding Table I reveals that the hosiery industry employed an 

average work force of one hundred and seven thousand eight hundred sixty-eight (107,868) persons in 1931. A special tabulation 

made by the Bureau of the Census for 1931 shows that full-fashioned 

mills employed sixty-one thousand nineteen (61,019) workers on the 

average, as compared with an average of forty-eight thousand five 

hundred two (48,502) emplo~1 ees in the seamless branch of the industry. The total of this special tabulation ( one hundred nine thousand five hundred twenty-one (109,521)) includes certain workers on 

children's seamless goods not included in the total of T able I. 

For the week of July 10, 1933, a survey of number of workers employed was made by the National Association of Hosiery Manufacturers. The combined reports show that during that week fifty-six 

thousand four hundred twenty-seven (56,427) employees worked at 

two hundred fifty-seven (257) full-fashioned hosiery mills an'd the 

four hundred six ( 406) seamless mills employed fifty-three thousand 

nine hundred twenty (53,920) workers. It was thus estimat:ed that 
13 

fifty-seven thousand (57,000) productive work0 rs were employed in 

each of the two (2) branches of the industry, or a total of one hundred fourteen thousand (114,000) . On the ba is of the average hours 

worke l by a representative number of these employees, it may be 

estimated that a total of five million nine hundred thousand ( 5,900,-

000) man-hours were worked in turning out the produ tion of that 

week. Halt-he same production been made by a group of employees 

working forty ( 40) hours per week, a total of one hundred fortyseven thousand (147,000 ) workers would have been required instead 

of the one hundred fourteen thousand (114,000) workers wh" were 

actualy employed. The forty (40) hour week provision of the Code 

would have made it possible to employ thirty-three thousand (33,000) 

additional employees during the week in question. Hence it is clear 

that the forty ( 40) hour week for hosiery workers will go far to: 

1. Reemploy workers skilled in hosiery manufacture who have 

been fo1·ced to leave the industry. 

2. Insure more nearly full-time em.ployment for the great majority of the workers who have remained in the industry. 

In 1929, the industry employed an average work force of one 

hundred twenty-nine thousand five hundred forty-two (129,542) 

workers, but with less seasonality of production than now. There 

was part-time employment for the month of that year's maximum 

activity. 'J:'here were approximately one hundred fifty thou and 

(150,000) persons at work. Hence by restricting hours of work 

per worker to forty ( 40) per week, it is anticipated that employment 

can be got back to the 1929 level, and that the extent of short-time 

work for any forge number of employees will be materially le~s ned. 

vVAaEs 

The HosieTy Code embodies in Article V significant prons10ns 

for the payment of minimum wages. In both the full-fashione l 

and seamless branches of the industry, occupational groupings have 

been made on the basis of the skill required. For each group of 

worker , a minin1um wage has b2en specified, except for the fullfa hioned knitters, who are subject to six different minima, depen l- ing upon the gauge (finenec::s) of the machine operated. In the 

preparation of its Code, the hosiery indu try et the variou minimum wages in order to insure that a minimum wage establi hed for 

the least skilled workers could not exercise a depr sing effect n1::: on 

wages paid to operators of higher kill. The minimum wages jn 

each class are particularly pccified for the north and f r the onth, 

the latter being not quite ten percent (10 /l ) bel w the northern 

rates. The southern differential e tabli he l by the Ho i ry Cod 

represents a signifi ant diminution in th ra,nge of wao·e th· t haY 

prevailed between northern and onth .rn plants. It shoukl al , 

be mentione l that th Code 'I ecifi s th names f thos tate that 

con titute " outh" for pnrpo. c of appli ation of the Ho i ry ode. 

Over one half (1/:-) of all :full-fa hi n cl m1 loyee ar mploy cl 

in occupations li. tecl in Clas. r o. 3. Thi o upati nul gr np i.~ subject to a minimum wag of fifte n 1ollar ( 15. 0) in th ... To th 

and thir.te n loll, r and fifty · nt · ($1, .50) in th uth. Tn 

appraising the significance f the-e w.1<r s, i is t b n t cl that for 
14 

the week of July 10, 1933, the workers in this classification averaged 

twenty-nine cents and seYen mills (29.7¢) per hour and fourteen 

dollars and seventy-three cents ($14.73) per week. Under the 

terms of the Hosiery Code, they will receive a minimum hourly 

earning of thirty-seven cents and fiye mills (37.5¢) in the North 

and nearly thirty-four cents (34¢) in the South. Since it is obvious 

that in 1933, many employees must have earned below the average 

wage, the new minimum earnings must result in a marked increase 

in the total wages paid by the indu try. 

Of the total number of ~eamless workers employed, almo t eio-hty 

per cent ( 80%) work in the occupations grouped in Clas No. 3 in 

the schedule of mini.Jnum earnings for the seaml ss industry. These 

worker , the large majority of all seaml s employees, earne l at the 

rate of nineteen cents and six mills ( 19.6¢) per hour and nine dollars 

and eighty-three ($9.83) per week during the week of July 10, 1933. 

The terms of the Hosiery Code specify that these employee shall 

receive at lea t thirteen dollars ($13.00) weekly in the North and 

twelve dollars ($12.00) weekly in the South. Since the work-week 

has been de: ignated at forty ( 40) hours, the Class No. 3 seamless 

workers will receive an hourly earning of thirty-two cents and five 

mill ( 32.5¢) in the orth and of thirty cents ( 30¢) in the outh. 

Thus the minimum " ·eekly wage for nearly eighty per cent (80% ) 

of all seamle s worker has been placed at a level considerably highe:r;-

than the average ,Yeekly wage they r ceived in 1933. It is evident 

that significant in rease in the earning of these seamless workers 

,vill occur as a result of the operation of the Code. The seaml~ss 

workers employed in the occupations li ted in Class No. 2 will be 

paid a minimum weekly wage of fourteen dollars ($14.00) in the 

North and twelve dollars and se, enty-five cents ($12.75) in the 

South. The e minimwn earnings may be compared with the a, erage 

of thirteen dollar and thirty-eight cents ( 13.3 ) earned by this 

group during the "·eek of July 10, 1933. Obviously, mo ·t of these 

employees will receive important increases in the weekly wage 

through the application of the minima. 

Attention should be directed to the provisions for minimum wages 

for learners in both the full-fashioned and seamless schedules. Limited to this fir t three (3) months of training in the industry 

(whether continuous or not, and whether for one or more employers) 

a learner receives a minimum weekly wage of eight dollars ($8.00). 

After this initial training period the learner is included in groups 

receiving a higher minmum pay. Those learners reported on the 

pay roll of the seamless industry during the week of July 10, 1933, 

received four dollars and fifty-nine cents ($4.59) as their average 

weekly wage. By the terms of the Code, learners in the industry 

will receive a substantial increase in weekly earnings. 

CONDITIONS OF w ORK 

By various terms of this Code, the hosiery industry has taken 

steps to insure fair standards of work in the industry. The outstanding provisions in this respect are as follows: 

1. The Hosiery Industry has not yet experienced any significant 

problem relating to the farming out of work to be · done at private 
15 

homes or elsewhere than in a plant. To prevent any future difficulties on this score, the above-mentioned practice has been prohibited by Article VI of the Code. Exceptions may be granted by 

the Code Authority only in cases of individual workers where it 

is shown that a worker can only work at home and requires such 

work as a means of livelihood. 

2. The practice of requirina or permitting a knitter (full-fa hioned) to pay part or all of the wages of a knitter helper is prohibited by Article V, Section 6 of the Code. The full wages of 

each employee must be paid by the employer. 

3. In order to prevent exce ive speeding up by increases in the 

task requirement, Article V, Section 7, p~·ovides that no employer 

~hall require of his e1nployees a greater hourly production than that 

required prior to July 1, 1933. 

4. Attention has been given the so-called stretch-out problem by 

the terms of Article VI, Section 3, of the Hosiery Code. It is pecifically stated that no :full-fashioned knitter shall operate more than 

one footing machine, nor more than two legging machines. :More0ver, when two legging machines are operated by one knitter, he 

must be assi ted by two knitting helpers. For operations on the 

clouble machine basis the prevailing custom hus bBen to have one 

knitter and one helper operate two machines. The provi ion just 

mentioned is designed to discourage the practice o~ double-1nachine 

operation in the full-fashioned branch of the industry by increa ing 

tlie cost of utilizing this method. In addition, provision i,s made by 

the Code fo.r the collection of information on the double-machine 

question by the Code Authority in order to provide a basis for 

further recommendations in this com1ection. 

C0RRELATION OF PnoouCTION WITH DE~IAND 

Since 1929 production and shipments of womens full-fashioned 

ho iery has averaged approximately thirty million (30,000,000) 

dozen pairs a year. Provi ion must be made to meet this dern~ nd, 

with certain allowances for sea onal fluctuation, but without re ulting in the creation of a. gr atly e.:scessive capacity. A carefully 

thought-out program in this connection ha been briefly and si1nply 

stated by Article IV, Sections 6 and 7, of the Hosiery Code. It i~ 

pro,idecl that productive operations of a plant shall not exceed t\\"o 

shifts of forty ( 40) hours each. In the full-fashioned branch of the 

industry, however, additional restrictions are placed upon footingmachine operation. This was l 0 emec1 nec"'ssury in order to pre,ent 

an unwise extende l us cf productive apucity. 

About thirty-five percent (35 '1⁄4 ) of the footin<T machine equipm~nt of the indu try is ·o balan eel with omplemen ar) legging machmes as t permit the former to operate n two -hift . HmYever, 

but ten percent (10 o) of the footing machines n,r' normally opcrat d 

on two hifts. Hitherto it ha not been l emed practicable to perate footers on two hift , although the pos ibility of o (loing ,voultl 

be increased enormously on a f rty (-±0) hour s he ul 1wr .·hiH. This is true be au girl are cmpl yecl u. topp r an l a ready c.xi -tino- re trictions on their h ur' of vork have mall t-\,o :hift.· impracti al. Indu ·try conf r nc~ br' ught ut th fa. t that un nnllue 
16 

hard hip would foJl upon many small concerns should sino·le-shift 

operation of the footing machines be made mandatory. i:,On the 

other hand, to allow double-shift operation of footers on the forty 

( 49) hour week basis :would im1:1ediately 1~esult in the adoption of 

tlu method of operat10n by tlurty-five percent (35 %) of the industry. In addition, other manufacturers could and would place 

themselves on the double-shift basis in order to decrease unit costs 

of I?roduction. This they could do by changing the balance of their 

eqmpment through the addition of new lego-ing machines. To ·in i t 

upon single-shift footer operation would prove unduly burdensome 

to mills operating a minority of the equipment of the industry but 

representing a large number of I lant . To allow double-shift operation of footers would be to offer an inducement to manufacturers to 

overequip the industry and to overproduce beyond any expected 

requirements for hosiery. This was the problem to be c::olved. 

In meeting it, the representatives of the full-fashioned hosiery 

manufacturer , holding opposing points of view, were nevertheless able to compromise their difference . The r conciliation of 

the divergent interests in this matter by those concerned is de erving of the highest commendation. 

Briefly, it was unanimou ly agreed that, for a period of six (6) 

months following the date on "hich the Code become effectiYe, 

footing machines that were being operate l on double shift on 

July 24, 1933, may continue on this basis, but that the length of 

each shift shall not exceed thirty-five (35) hours per week. The 

rates to be paid to operators of the e machine will proYide them 

earnings equivalent to what they would receive if working on forty 

( 40) hour shift. Footing machines that were being operated 

on a single shift basis, prior to July 24, 1933, are to continue on 

that ba is with forty ( 40) hours per shift. At the expiration of 

the ix ( 6) months, trial period, the Code Authority i · to submit 

for the approval of the Admini trator a recommendation for determining a more permanent policy re pecting footer operation. 

The above arrangement insures that there will be no immediate 

and undue increase in productive capacity as a result of increasing 

the number of shifts being operated by footing machines. In addition, the increase of the labor co t of operating footers on two 

shifts eliminates any urge for 1:nanufacturer so to operate their 

equipment unless this is absolutely necessary to meet normal requirements. Through the operation of the terms of the provision 

just discussed, the manufacturing cost by means of single and 

double footer shift operation is virtually identical. 

The handling of the footer shift question by the full-fashioned 

hosiery industry represents a rather outstanding example of industrial self-government. Effective steps to bring about a balancing 

of product.ion and demand, and in such a ma1:1-ner as to impose no 

undue hardship on any manufacturer were taken by the industry 

and were embodied in the Code as submitted to the Administrator. 

An additional problem., somewhat similar in nature, involved the 

woolen branch of the industry. Because of the seasonal nature of 

the demand for their product, woolen manufacturers anticipated that 

conf0rmance with the two shift regulation would result in their inability to meet the normal requirements of their trade. By the pro-
17 

visions of Article I, , Section 8, of the -Code, manufacturers 0£ woolen 

hosiery are permitted to operate their knitting equipment not to 

exceed three (3) ·hifts of forty (40) hours each until December 31, 

1933. After thi date their knitting operations shall be limited to 

two (2) shifts of forty ( 40) hours each. 

ADMINISTRATION 

This Code establishes a Hosiery Code Authority by means of Article IX entitled " Coordination and Administration." This Code 

Authority is to be composed of twelve (12) members. In addition 

to the two (2) appointed by the Admini trator, eight (8) will be 

selected by the Boa:i;d of Directors of the National Association of 

Hosiery :Manufacturers, and the Administrator will appoint two (2) 

others on the nomination 0£ the Labor Advisory Board. 

Specific provision is thus made for labor representation on t:lte Code 

Authority. The labor union in the hosiery industry is the American 

Federation of Full-Fashioned Hosiery vVorkers, affiliated with the 

Americ n Federation of Labor through the United Textile Workers. 

This union is not r epresentative of workers in the seamless branch of 

the indu try; it has confined its activities entirely to the fashioned 

section, and claims to h ave approximately eighteen thousand (18,000) 

members who are to a large extent in the Philadelphia district. For 

the past four ( 4) years the union had a collective agreem.ent with the 

Full-FLrnhioned Ho iery Manufacturers of America, Inc., whose 

approxi1rn1tely thirty (30) members account for twenty-six percent 

(26%) of the equipment of the full-fashioned division. In addition, 

the union claims to have individual contracts with several other concerns. It has recently been organizing in other areas, and the r epresentation willingly accorded it on the Code Authority is at once a 

tribute to the open-mindedness of the N utional Association of Hosiery 

l\fanufacturers and an augury that the Code will be administered by 

employers in cooperation -ni:ith employees. 

Article IX of the Hosiery Code enumerates a series of r ecommendations which the Code Authority may make to the Admini, trator. 

The El recommendations concern themselves with action deemed desirable to effectuate the purposes of the National Indu trial Recovery Act. 

FAIR TnADE PRACTICES 

Article VIII of the Hosiery Code is a series of ixteen (lG) fair 

tra le practice provi ·ions to a~.-ure fair competition in the indu try 

and proper practices in the merchandising of ho iery_. Proper 

branding of ho iery for the protection of the consumer is the ubj ect of several of the fair trade I ractice provisions. Other se tion 

prohibit guarantee of prices again t de line, rebate , commer ial 

briber}, and shipments on con ignment. In Section 4 of this Arti le it is state l that the elling of merchandi e below co t is an unfair trade practice. Provi ion is al ·o made for the ubmi ion to 

arbitration of di I utes pertaining to the fair trade practice pro isions of the Cocle. 
18 

GASES OF INDIVIDUAL HARDSHIP 

A relatively few establishments anticipate individual hardships in 

adjusting their operations to the terms of the Hosiery Code. Some 

of these cases arose under the Executive Order, above referred to, 

and were given careful consideration. At the hearing and in sub- sequent conferences, all these manufacturers ( which fortunately represent a small minority of the industry) were given an opportunity 

fully to state the problems which would be faced by them in operat- ing under the Code. In practically all instances, these related to the 

elimination of third shifts by Code provision. The great majority 

of firms in the industry have operated their equipment on a one or 

two shift basis. In determining fair standards for the industry as 

a whole, it was impossible to prevent occasional individual hardship. Some mills in reducing from three to two shifts will have to reduce 

employment, but for the industry as a whole the limitation means 

stabilization and a great increase of employment. For the rare mill 

hitherto on three shifts or for the rare group of employees affected 

by the change to two shifts loyally to accept the provision is true 

jndustrial patriotism. 

FINDINGS 

The Deputy Administrator finds that: 

(a) 'The Code as recommended complies in all respects with the 

pertinent provisions of Title I of the Act, including without limi- tation, subsection (a) of Section 7, and subseiction (b) of Section 

10 thereof; and that 

(b) The National Association of Hosiery Manufacturers imposes 

no inequitahle restrictions on admission to member hip therein and 

is truly representative of the Hosiery Industry; and that 

( c) The Code as recommended is not designed to promote mo- nopoli~s or to eliminate or oppress small enterprises and will not 

operate to discriminate against them, and will tend to effectuate 

the policy of Title I of the National I ndustrial Recovery Act. 

LINDSA y ROGERS, 

A UGUST 25, 1933. 

Deputy Administrator. 

0