Green Mountain Project 

Draft Record of Decision 

36 CFR 218 Objection Process Draft

McKenzie River Ranger District, Willamette National Forest 

Lane County, Oregon 

Legal Location: T16S R04E Sec: 36; T16S R05E Sec: 31-32; T17S R04E Sec: 1-2, 11-

13, 24-25, 36; T17S R05E Sec: 5-10, 14-34; T17S R06E Sec: 19, 30; T18S R04E Sec: 1, 

12; T18S R05E Sec: 1-30, 32-36; T18S R06E Sec: 6-8, 17-36; T18S R061⁄2E Sec: 25-28, 

31-35; T18S R07E Sec: 27-28, 31-35; T19S R05E Sec: 1-3, 11-15, 22-24; T19S R051⁄2E 

Sec: 1-5, 8-17, 20-24, 27-28; T19S R06E Sec: 1-36; T19S R07E Sec: 2-11, 14-23, 27, 

30-31; T20S R06E Sec: 1-3, 10-12; Willamette Meridian

United States

Department of

Agriculture

Forest Service

Pacific 

Northwest

Region

February 2017

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employer.

Record of Decision

36 CFR 218 Objection Process Draft

Green Mountain Project

Willamette National Forest

Lane County, Oregon

March 2017

Lead Agency: USDA Forest Service

Responsible Official: TRACY BECK

Forest Supervisor

Willamette National Forest

3106 Pierce Parkway, Suite D

Springfield, OR 97477

541-225-6312

For Information Contact: DEAN SCHLICHTING

NEPA Planner

57600 McKenzie Highway

McKenzie Bridge, OR 97413

541-822-7214

Project Website: http://www.fs.usda.gov/project/?project=40858
Table of Contents

Introduction...................................................................................................................................................................1

Project Location and Description...................................................................................................................................1

Purpose and Need .........................................................................................................................................................1

Decision .........................................................................................................................................................................2

Decision Rationale .........................................................................................................................................................9

Other Alternatives Considered ....................................................................................................................................11

Environmentally Preferable Alternative ......................................................................................................................12

Specific Issues of Concern............................................................................................................................................12

Public Involvement......................................................................................................................................................14

Tribal Consultation ......................................................................................................................................................15

Consultation with other Agencies ...............................................................................................................................15

Findings Required by Other Laws and Regulation .......................................................................................................16

Forest Plan Amendment #58 .......................................................................................................................................17

Pre-Decisional Administrative Review (Objection)......................................................................................................23

Implementation...........................................................................................................................................................25

Contact Person ............................................................................................................................................................25

List of Tables

Table ROD-1. Summary of Treatments and Connected Actions for Alternative 2 and Modified Alternative 2 ............3

Table ROD-2. Additional road decommissioning under modified Alternative 2. ........................................................13

Table ROD - 3 ESA Unit, Critical Habitat, and EFH Addressed in the Green Mountain BA ..........................................20

List of Figures

Figure ROD-1. Map of Alternative 2 (Nothern 1/3) ......................................................................................................6

Figure ROD-2. Map of Alternative 2 (Middle 1/3) ........................................................................................................7

Figure ROD-3. Map of Alternative 2 (Southern 1/3).....................................................................................................8
Willamette National Forest - McKenzie River Ranger District 

1

Introduction

This draft1 Record of Decision (ROD) documents my selection of an alternative from the Green 

Mountain Project Final Environmental Impact Statement (FEIS). The selection includes requirements for 

harvesting timber, harvest treatments, post-harvest fuels treatments, hazardous fuels treatments, harvest 

systems, temporary road construction, and road maintenance. This ROD contains a brief summary of the 

environmental analysis completed for this project, as well as my decision regarding which alternative to 

implement, and the rationale for my decision. It also documents the findings required by other laws and 

the rights of administrative review or objection of this decision. The FEIS completed for the Green 

Mountain Project is incorporated by reference in this decision document.

Project Location and Description

The project area encompasses 99,051 acres along Aufderheide Roade (Forest Road 19), near the 

community of Blue, River Oregon (Figures ROD - 1, ROD - 2 and ROD - 3). The project is located in 

the South Fork McKenzie River-Cougar Reservoir; Rebel Creek; Augusta Creek; Roaring River; and Elk 

Creek-McKenzie River 6th field watersheds. 

The project area includes 96,566 acres managed by the Willamette National Forest, with the remaining 

2,485 acres managed by private timber companies. Forest stands in the project area are composed mostly 

of a Douglas-fir and western hemlock overstory with an understory shrub component of vine maple, salal, 

dwarf Oregon grape, sword fern and Pacific rhododendron. There is a transition to the true fir/mountain 

hemlock zone above approximately 4,000 feet, most notably in the area east of Box Canyon.

The project area is popular for several recreational activities including camping, hiking, horseback riding, 

fishing, bicycling, picnicking, berry picking, mushroom harvesting, scenic driving, and soaking in hot 

springs. Numerous developed recreation facilities including campgrounds, day use areas, boat launches 

and rental cabins provide a wide array of developed recreation options for visitors. An extensive trail 

system in the area supports trail-oriented activities including multi-day backpacking trips, day hiking, 

horseback riding, mountain biking, and access to the Three Sisters Wilderness. Forest Road 19, also 

known as the Robert Aufderheide Memorial Drive, is the primary road in the project area and is a 

designated portion of the West Cascades National Scenic Byway. The South Fork of the McKenzie River 

runs through the project area. A 25.7 mile portion of the South Fork of the McKenzie is a designated as a 

National Study Wild and Scenic River.

Purpose and Need

The purpose of the Green Mountain Project is to, (1) Provide a sustainable supply of timber products, (2) 

Increase Vegetative Habitat Complexity and Hardwood Composition along Streams and (3) Shift Age 

Class and Structural Diversity.

Provide a Sustainable Supply of Timber Products

The proposed project is needed to ensure the Willamette National Forest continues to supply a reliable 

supply of timber products as directed by the laws and guidance discussed in Section 1.4 of the FEIS and 

in doing so contributes to the stability of local, regional, and national economies and achieves the annual 

Probable Sale Quantity (PSQ) target for the Forest.

 

1 This Record of Decision is a “draft” (a decision has not been made and this ROD has not been signed) per predecisional 

administrative review regulations at 36 CFR 218, effective March 27, 2013.
2 - Green Mountain Project Draft Record of Decision

Increase Vegetative Habitat Complexity and Hardwood Composition along 

Streams

Past logging practices and fire exclusion have resulted in dense, uniform species stands with few 

hardwood trees or understory shrubs throughout Riparian Reserves. As a result, these stands have low 

wildlife habitat complexity and low species diversity. 

The desired condition within Riparian Reserves includes: large conifers (Northwest Forest Plan, p. 31); 

complex habitat structure representative of that which would result from natural disturbance patterns; 

diverse species composition; snags and logs on the forest floor (Northwest Forest Plan, p. B-2); and future 

large wood for streams. The proposed project would help restore these stands to more desirable, healthy 

conditions by adding snags and down wood in and near streams while also increasing the amount of 

hardwood trees, shrubs and forbs along streams to add both structural and species diversity. Managing for 

more hardwoods would also increase the diversity of leaf litter in streams, adding to the amount of 

nutrients available to aquatic insects. Treatments proposed along streams would increase dynamic fish 

habitat, which is important to thriving populations. Additionally, improving existing roads and making 

them hydrologically stable would reduce sediment delivery to streams and improve their health.

Shift Age Class and Structural Diversity

Historically, early seral habitat in the project area was created from stand-replacing fires and regeneration 

harvest. Changes in forest management on Federal lands in the past 30 years, including fire suppression 

and reduced regeneration harvest have resulted in fewer acres of early seral habitat creation. Additionally, 

fire suppression (removing stand and non-stand replacing fires) and reduced regeneration harvest have 

resulted in a much higher proportion of dense, closed canopy stands. Consequently, there is less 

structurally rich and diverse quality early seral habitat in the project area than in the past. Currently, early 

seral habitat within the Green Mountain project area is only partially effective at providing quality diverse 

early seral habitat due to the lack of vertical and horizontal stand structure. 

The proposed project is needed to shift the age class and structural diversity back towards historic 

conditions in the proposed project area, providing benefits to vegetation, wildlife and overall health of the 

forest. The presence of all age classes, from very young forests (0-15 years) to very old forests (250+ 

years) is important for ecosystem health, ensuring that habitat needs of plants and animals are better 

situated to persist in the future despite uncertainties associated with climate change. The proposed project 

would help restore age class diversity with thinning, gap creation, dominant tree release and skips.

Decision

Based on my review of public and agency comments; the effects analysis in the FEIS; supporting reports 

and documentation; and applicable laws, regulations, and policies; it is my decision to implement a 

modified version of Alternative 2. The changes to Alternative 2 are displayed in Table 1.

Alternative 2 originally proposed treatments on approximately 4,398 acres in the project area. During 

analysis changes were made to unit boundaries to accommodate NSO and Red Tree Vole issues. The 

Modified Alternative 2 will allow harvest on 4,363 acres in the project area. Harvest treatments will 

include thinning, gap creation, dominant tree release, regeneration harvest, and skips. Harvest treatments 

will occur in stands ranging in age from approximately 27-181 years old and yield approximately 85

million board feet of timber. Post-harvest fuels treatments include pile and burn and post-harvest 

underburn. Approximately 10.3 miles of temporary road construction will occur and approximately 130

miles of existing road will be maintained. This modified version of alternative 2 also includes 6 miles of 
Willamette National Forest - McKenzie River Ranger District 

3

additional road decommissioning for Rebel and Walker Roads, increasing the total amount of 

decommissioned roads from 2 to 8 miles (Figures ROD-1, ROD-2 and table ROD-2).

Alternative 2 will include treatments in Management Area 5a – Special Interest Areas (SIAs). The Green 

Mountain project proposes to treat approximately 206 acres in the South Fork McKenzie SIA and 

approximately 59 acres in the Hidden Lake-Lulu Lake SIA with thinning, gaps, and skips. 

Table 1 describes the features of and changes to Alternative 2 in detail. Figures ROD-1, ROD-2 and 

ROD-3 show the project area and spatial location of the Alternative 2 project units including 

modifications. The modified Alternative 2 will be refered to as Alternative 2 for the remainder of this 

document.

Table ROD-1. Summary of Treatments and Connected Actions for Alternative 2 and Modified Alternative 2

Proposed Activity Unit of 

Measure Alternative 2 Modified Alternative 2

Purpose –

Need 

Addressed1

Timber Harvest Treatments

Thinning outside Riparian Reserves Acres 1,454 1,399 1, 3

Thinning in Riparian Reserves Acres 901 901 2

Regeneration Harvest Acres 325 325 1, 3

Gaps Acres 320 307 1, 2, 3

Dominant Tree Release Acres 291 288 1, 3

Skips outside Riparian Reserves Acres 346 383 3

Skips in Riparian Reserves Acres 761 760 2, 3

Total Acres 4,398 4,363 1, 2, 3

Estimated Gross Volume MMBF 89 ~85 1

Connected Actions

Post-Harvest Fuels Treatments in Timber Harvest Units2,3

Pile and Burn (mechanical and/or hand treatments ) Acres 2,496 2,496 3

Post-Harvest Underburn Acres 795 724 3

Transportation

New Road Construction Miles 0 0 -

Temporary Road Construction Miles 10.3 10.3 -

Roads Maintained Miles 130 130 -

Road Decommissioning Miles 2 8 -

Road Storage Miles 21.1 21.1 -

Seasonal Road Closure Removed Miles 6 6 -
4 - Green Mountain Project Draft Record of Decision

Proposed Activity Unit of 

Measure Alternative 2 Modified Alternative 2

Purpose –

Need 

Addressed1

Seasonal Road Closure Changed to Permanent 

Road Closure Miles 3 3 -

Bridge Replacement

(Hardy Creek) - Yes Yes -

Rock Obtained From Existing Quarries Cubic Yards 15,000 15,000 -

Harvest System

Helicopter Acres 90 90 -

Skyline Acres 2,436 2,395 -

Ground Acres 765 735 -

Harvest Associated Planting, Snags, and Down Wood

Planting in Regeneration Harvest Acres 325 325 3

Planting in Gaps Acres 130 130 3

Natural Regeneration in Gaps Acres 190 177 3

Snags and Down Wood

(occurs in regeneration units)

Snags per acre 

and liner feet 

of large down 

wood of decay 

classes I-II

Retain or 

create up to 5 

snags per 

acre and at 

least 240 

linear feet of 

down wood

on 

approximately 

43 acres.

Retain or create 

up to 5 snags

per acre and at 

least 240 linear 

feet of down 

wood on 

approximately 

43 acres.

3

Northern Spotted Owl (NSO) Habitat

NSO Suitable Habitat in Critical Habitat Treated 

(including skips)

Acres 57 56 3

NSO Dispersal Habitat in Critical Habitat Treated Acres 1,187 1,072 3

NSO Non-Habitat Habitat in Critical Habitat Treated Acres 76 76 3

NSO Suitable Habitat Treated 

(including skips in center of units)

Acres 411 344 3

NSO Dispersal Habitat Treated 

(including skips in center of units)

Acres 3,287 3,303 3

NSO Non-Habitat Treated 

(including skips in center of units)

Acres 592 672 3

Gap and Fall and Leave Treatments in Riparian Reserves
Willamette National Forest - McKenzie River Ranger District 

5

Proposed Activity Unit of 

Measure Alternative 2 Modified Alternative 2

Purpose –

Need 

Addressed1

1⁄4 Acre Non-commercial Gaps in Primary Shade 

Zone Acres 3.5 3.5 2, 3

1⁄4 Acre Gaps within Riparian Reserves in Secondary 

Shade zone (Total) Acres 4 4 2, 3

Fall and Leave to Add Wood to Stream Channels Miles 2.7 2.7 2

Forest Plan Amendment (#58)

South Fork McKenzie River Special Interest Area2 Acres 206 206 2, 3

Hidden Lake – Lulu Special Interest Area2 Acres 59 59 2, 3

ROD-1. Summary of Treatments and Connected Actions for Alternative 2

1 - 1- Provide a sustainable supply of timber products; 2- Increase vegetative habitat complexity and hardwood composition along 

streams; and 3- Shift age class and structural diversity. 

2 - These acres are already accounted for in the above table under “Timber Harvest Treatments” and therefore are not included in 

the total.

3 - Mechanical treatment may include: grapple piling in slash concentrations, yarding tops attached, mastication, or any other 

mechanical device). Post-harvest fuels treatments methods may change depending on feasibility and funding.
6 - Green Mountain Project Draft Record of Decision

Figure ROD-1. Map of Alternative 2 (Nothern 1/3)
Willamette National Forest - McKenzie River Ranger District 

7

Figure ROD-2. Map of Alternative 2 (Middle 1/3)
8 - Green Mountain Project Draft Record of Decision 

Figure ROD-3. Map of Alternative 2 (Southern 1/3) 
Willamette National Forest - McKenzie River Ranger District 

9

Project Design Features and Monitoring Specific to Alternative 2

While not repeated here, I am fully incorporating all project Design Features, Mitigation and 

Enhancement, and Monitoring included in the FEIS in Sections 2.6, 2.7 and 2.8 as part of Alternative 2. 

Design Features, Mitigation and Enhancement, and Monitoring are included to minimize the 

environmental effects of the project activities and to ensure project activities are implemented to comply 

with standards and guidelines, goals, objectives, conservation strategies, and Best Management Practices. 

I am satisfied that all practical measures to protect the environment are encompassed in this list and the 

measures have been proven effective in minimizing adverse impacts.

Briefly, Design Features and Mitigation and Enhancement have been included that will:

 Reduce compaction and undesirable soil damage

 Reduce contamination and sedimentation to aquatic areas

 Reduce the introduction and spread of invasive plants

 Protect road infrastructure

 Protect heritage resources

 Reduce impacts to the recreating public

 Minimize effects to species of concern

 Protect any discovered threatened, endangered or sensitive (TES) species

 Create snags and enhance large down wood to benefit wildlife

Monitoring and evaluation is also an important component of this decision. Monitoring will be focused on 

the proper implementation of the Design Features and Mitigation and consistency with the Forest Plan 

standards and guidelines throughout all phases of the project. Monitoring may also be used to gather and 

evaluate information to improve future projects.

Decision Rationale

Competing demands placed upon the Forest Service necessitate that I make decisions for the responsible 

management of ecosystems and resources to fulfill the mission of the Forest Service and meet the 

requirements of laws and regulations. Every effort was made to develop and choose an alternative that 

best responds to the components of the purpose and need, desired conditions, objectives, public and 

agency concerns, and maintains key resource values. I understand that my decision may not be acceptable 

to all members of the public. However, I believe I have chosen the best course of action to meet the needs 

identified for land management in the project area. Implementing Alternative 2 will make important 

progress in moving the area toward desired conditions for vegetation, fuels, and habitat, while 

contributing to local and regional economies.

My decision meets the requirements of the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) and is based on 

the best science and information available. My decision involved balancing several considerations, 

including which alternative or combination of treatments best meets the purpose and need and project 

objectives, while at the same time protects watershed health, ensures soil productivity, provides for 

human health and safety, maintains recreational opportunities, maintains effective wildlife habitat, and 

protects cultural resources.

I reached my decision after careful consideration of public and agency comments, issues identified during 

the planning process, supporting reports and documentation in the project record, and the environmental 
10 - Green Mountain Project Draft Record of Decision

effects of the alternatives described in the FEIS. My decision was based upon several conclusions as a 

result of my consideration of the effects of the project on the environment. 

Notable conclusions for Alternative 2 include:

 treating the most acres without significant differences in effects to the environment when 

compared with Alternative 3

 contributing the largest supply of reliable timber products (~85 MMBF), and in doing so, better 

contribute to the stability of local, regional and national economies

 treating the most acres when compared with Alternative 3, thereby improving stand conditions, 

diversity, density, and structure over a larger area

 creating the most acreage of early seral habitat, increasing the current amount from 0.1 percent to 

7 percent in the project area

 repairing and maintaining the greatest number of roads (130 miles), providing a road system that 

meets the public and management access needs, while reducing the risk of sediment reaching 

streams and impacts to aquatic species and habitat

Response to Purpose and Need

Provide a Sustainable Supply of Timber Products

The Willamette National Forest Land and Resource Management Plan as amended by the Northwest 

Forest Plan, includes goals to produce an optimum and sustainable yield of timber that helps maintain the 

stability of local and regional economies, and contribute valuable resources to the national economy on a 

predictable and long-term basis. The current PSQ annual target for the Willamette National Forest is 111 

million board feet (MMBF) as amended by the Approval of PSQ Estimates for Northwest Forest Plan

Forests (1998). Through implementation of Alternative 2, the McKenzie River Ranger District would 

contribute approximately 61 MMBF to the Willamette National Forest PSQ target over a four year period 

(approximately 16-17 MMBF/year).

Increase Vegetative Habitat Complexity and Hardwood Composition along Streams

The Northwest Forest Plan (NWFP) prohibits timber harvest in Riparian Reserves except as needed to 

control stocking, reestablish and manage stands, and acquire desired vegetation characteristics needed to 

attain ACS Objectives (NWFP Standards and Guides, TM-1(c)). Based on data gathered through 

landscape and stream reach assessments, it was determined that current conditions in some portions of the

Riparian Reserves are outside the natural range of variability and are not meeting desired vegetation 

characteristics needed to attain ACS Objectives. Therefore, there is a need to treat parts of the Riparian

Reserves to accelerate attainment of desired conditions. Other areas, however, are currently meeting 

desired vegetation characteristics and treatment is not necessary. In some cases, maintaining and/or 

restoring each one of the ACS Objectives can be a balancing act with trade-offs. For example, to meet the 

riparian vegetation objectives (“species composition and structural diversity of plant communities” and 

“habitat to support well distributed populations of native plant, invertebrate and vertebrate riparian 

dependent species”) in young, dense conifer stands, a common silvicultural tool is to remove overstory 

density to encourage understory growth and structural development. Removal of overstory density, 

however, could potentially lead to increased thermal loading or reduction of wood volume available for 

recruitment. Because of these trade-offs, conflicting objectives were carefully balanced based on 

characteristics of each waterbody and adjacent riparian area.

Alternative 2 proposes both active and passive management of Riparian Reserves: thinning, gap creation, 

down wood augmentation, and no treatment (skips). Alternative 2 would thin approximately 902 acres 
Willamette National Forest - McKenzie River Ranger District 

11

within Riparian Reserves. Additionally, 3.5 acres of gaps would be created within the secondary shade 

zone and 3.5 acres of near-stream (primary shade zone) gaps. Approximately 2.7 miles of stream would 

have large wood enhancement treatments. The adverse impacts of thinning on in-stream large wood and 

future recruitment would be very minor at the watershed, project, and reach scales because only 902 acres 

(less than 1.5 percent) of Riparian Reserves would be thinned in Alternative 2, and within those units at 

least 90 percent of the wood recruitment zones would be protected. Appendix G details where treatments 

are proposed within Riparian Reserves and the vegetation objectives for each unit in Alternative 2. 

Shift Age Class and Structural Diversity

The proposed project is needed to improve stand conditions, diversity, density, and structure in the project 

area, providing benefits to vegetation, wildlife, and overall forest health.

Approximately 80 acres or 0.1 percent of the land managed by the Forest Service within the Green 

Mountain project area is 0-15 years of age. 

Alternative 2 would increase early seral habitat to approximately seven percent in the project area. 

Swanson (2012, pg. 4) stated that at any point in time, a given landscape would be composed of 5-20 

percent early seral habitat. The historic forest age-class distribution, derived from A Landscape Plan 

Based on Historical Fire Regimes for a Managed Forest Ecosystem: the Augusta Creek Study (USDA 

1998), states that approximately seven percent of the Green Mountain project would historically be in 

young, 0-15 year old stands.

Other Alternatives Considered

The Green Mountain project considered three alternatives, including a no-action alternative. A 

comparison of the alternatives is included in Chapter 2 of the FEIS; the expected effects of these 

alternatives are described in detail in Chapter 3.

Alternative 1 – No Action

Alternative 1 – No-Action assessed the current management situation of the affected environment as well 

as the future conditions should an action not be implemented. The No-Action alternative should not be 

confused with a baseline. Whereas a baseline is essentially a description of the affected environment at a 

fixed point in time, the No-Action alternative considered what effects would occur to forest ecosystems 

and resources in the project area if no action is taken. 

Under the No-Action alternative, no timber harvest, fuels treatments, or associated activities (i.e. road 

maintenance) would occur in the Green Mountain project area at this time. The purpose and need of the 

proposed action would not be met under the No-Action Alternative; therefore, this alternative was not 

selected. 

Alternative 2 – Proposed Action

Alternative 2 is the proposed action and was developed to fully meet the purpose and need for this 

project. Alternative 2 proposed to treat approximately 4,363 acres in the project area and would yield 

approximately 85 million board feet of timber. Approximately 10.3 miles of temporary road construction 

would occur and approximately 130 miles of existing road would be maintained under Alternative 2. 

Alternative 3 – No Harvest in stands over 80 years of age, and no regeneration harvest

During the public scoping process, four key issues were identified from comments and questions: 

Key Issue #1: Harvest treatments should not occur in stands over 80 years of age
12 - Green Mountain Project Draft Record of Decision

Key Issue #2: No regeneration harvest should occur

Key Issue #3: Reduce miles of temporary road construction

Key Issue #4: Eliminate all new, permanent road construction

Alternative 3 was developed in response to Key Issues 1, 2, and 3. Alternative 3 eliminates harvest 

treatments in stands over 80 years of age, eliminates regeneration harvest, and reduces temporary road 

construction. In response to Key Issue 4, all new, permanent road construction was eliminated from 

Alternatives 2 and 3.

Alternative 3 proposed to treat approximately 3,957 acres in the project area and would yield 

approximately 68 million board feet of timber. Approximately 8.6 miles of temporary road construction 

would occur and approximately 115 miles of existing road would be maintained under Alternative 3.

Because no regeneration harvest, or harvest in stands over 80 years of age would occur under Alternative 

3, proposed acres for treatment decrease by 441 acres from Alternative 2. While this alternative would 

still meet the purpose and need, it would do so to a lesser degree; therefore, Alternative 3 was not 

selected.

Environmentally Preferable Alternative

The Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ) regulations for implementing the National Environmental 

Policy Act (NEPA) require that the record of decision specify “the alternative or alternatives which were 

considered to be environmentally preferable” (40 CFR § 1505.2(b)). “Environmentally preferable” is 

interpreted to mean the alternative(s) that would cause the least damage to the biological and physical 

components of the environment, and which best protects, preserves, and enhances, historic, cultural, and 

natural resources (CEQ, 40 Most Asked Questions Concerning CEQs National Environmental Policy Act 

Regulations, 46 Federal Register 18026). The environmentally preferable alternative is not necessarily 

the alternative that will be implemented, and it does not need to meet the purpose and need for the project.

Factors considered while identifying the environmentally preferable alternative included: (1) fulfilling the 

responsibility of this generation as trustee of the environment for future generations; (2) providing for a 

productive and aesthetically pleasing environment; (3) attaining the widest range of beneficial uses of the 

environment without degradation; (4) preserving important natural components of the environment, 

including biodiversity; (5) balancing population needs and resources use; and (6) enhancing the quality of 

renewable resources (42 CFR § 101(b)). Additionally, economic and technical considerations and 

statutory missions were considered (40 CFR § 1505.2(b)). 

Based upon the factors considered above, examination of the FEIS, discussions with the interdisciplinary 

team, and consideration of agency and public comments, I have concluded that Alternative 2 is the 

environmentally preferable alternative. Alternative 2 will improve stand conditions, diversity, density, 

and structure in the project area, providing benefits to vegetation, wildlife, and overall health of the forest. 

Alternative 2 will improve and create wildlife habitat; restore and improve species diversity and 

complexity in Riparian Reserves; reduce compaction and undesirable soil damage; reduce sedimentation 

and contamination to aquatic areas; contribute to economic stability; and protect and improve road 

infrastructure. 

Specific Issues of Concern

Several specific issues of concern were brought forth during the scoping comment period and the 45-day 

comment period for the Green Mountain Draft Environmental Impact Statement (DEIS). These issues 
Willamette National Forest - McKenzie River Ranger District 

13

were given careful consideration and in many cases incorporated into project design, alternatives, 

analysis, and design features. These issues are discussed in more detail in Chapter 2 and 3 of the FEIS, as 

well as the Response to Comments found in Appendix I. However, I wanted to summarize a few of these 

issues and my conclusions.

Harvest of Stands Over 80 Years of Age

Concerns were raised about harvest in stands over 80 years of age. Stands selected for treatment were 

filtered through a series of management restrictions and legal side boards. Those stands which made it 

through the filter were then evaluated as to how they would or would not help achieve the purpose and 

need of the project. Stand age is a metric that is easy to understand. However, it does not provide a 

complete picture about stand development, composition, or characteristics. Stand Density Index (SDI) is 

a metric used to describe a stand regardless of age; SDI is about density and competition. In an effort to 

better achieve the purpose and need of the project, I looked at SDI rather than stand age to identify stands 

for treatment.

In the fire regenerated stands proposed for treatment (stands over 80 years of age), the average age is 118 

years old with a range of 90 to 144 years old. Because the majority of these stands are within the stem 

exclusion stage, only small amounts of understory development is apparent as the stands have started 

competition mortality. The fire regenerated stands proposed for harvest in the Green Mountain project 

have an average SDI of 427 (Table 12 FEIS) which is 72 percent of maximum SDI. After treatment the 

stands would be thinned to an SDI of around 142 which is 25 percent of maximum SDI.

Regeneration Harvest

Concerns were raised about regeneration harvest during public scoping and the public comment period. 

Approximately 325 acres would be treated with a regeneration harvest, of which approximately 253 acres 

are less than 80 years old, and 72 acres are over 80 years old. The majority of trees would be removed 

with some residual live trees left on site. Although not exactly mimicking naturally occurring disturbance 

events, this harvest would create a small-scale disturbance in the analysis area somewhat similar to what 

may have occurred naturally while providing forest products. The objective would be to leave 

approximately 25 trees per acre following harvest to help establish a future stand by providing a 

beneficial microclimate, and contribute towards creating snags and down wood. Those residual trees not 

used for snag and down wood creation would be retained throughout the rotation. The remaining trees 

would on average be larger trees including some with disease to promote natural processes. These 

residual trees would provide for future snag development, and down woody material to provide diversity 

in the future stand structure.

Road Decommissioning

During the public comment period it was suggested that the EIS consider additional opportunities for road 

decommissioning. In response, the original plan put forth in scoping to decommission the Walker and 

Rebel Creek Roads was again included in this decision (Table ROD-2). This would decommission an 

additional 6 miles of road, bringing the total to 8 miles.

Table ROD-2. Additional road decommissioning under modified Alternative 2.

Road

Number

Length

Haul

Route

Current

Status

Proposed Treatment

Alternative 2 

Modified

Comment

1900567 0.31 No Closed Decommission
14 - Green Mountain Project Draft Record of Decision

Road

Number

Length

Haul

Route

Current

Status

Proposed Treatment

Alternative 2 

Modified

Comment

1900570 1.55 No Closed Decommission

1900571 1.35 No Closed Decommission

1994000 1.90 No Closed Decommission

1994541 0.60 No Closed Convert to trail MP 0.0 to 0.6 is utilized as part of 

the Lowder Mtn Trail (3300). 

1994541 0.40 No Closed Decommission MP 0.60 to end of road.

Public Involvement

Public involvement efforts during the development of the Green Mountain project included public 

meetings, open-houses, scoping letters, field trips, meetings with interested parties and landowners, and 

publication of the project in the Willamette National Forest Schedule of Proposed Actions and Willamette 

National Forest website. Below is a timeline illustrating public involvement efforts for the Green 

Mountain project:

 January 1, 2013: Project published in the Willamette National Forest Schedule of Proposed 

Actions

 April 11, 2014: Notice of Intent (NOI) to prepare an EIS published in the Federal Register

 April 10, 2014: Scoping letter and background information mailed to members of the public, 

organizations, and state/federal agencies that have expressed interest in receiving information 

on District projects

 April 24, 2014; May 1, 2014: District open-house public meetings at McKenzie Bridge, 

Oregon

 May 2, 2014: Public meeting to discuss Green Mountain project held in McKenzie Bridge, 

Oregon

 May 9, 2014: Public meeting to discuss Green Mountain project held in Leaburg, Oregon

 June 3, 2016: Notice of Availability (NOA) and initiation of 45-day comment period for 

Draft Environmental Impact Statement (DEIS) published in the Federal Register

 June 6, 2016: Notice of Availability (NOA) and initiation of 45-day comment period for 

DEIS published in the Register Guard

Members of the public, organizations, and state and federal agencies were invited to provide comments 

and concerns about the Green Mountain project during the public scoping comment period from April 10th

through May 15th, 2014. Scoping comments received varied from those that wanted more clarification on 

proposed activities to specific suggestions for project implementation. Scoping comments were used to 

help develop planning issues, alternatives, and effects analysis for the DEIS. 

Members of the publics, organization, and state and federal agencies were invited to provide comment on 

the DEIS during the 45-day comment period from June 6th through July 23rd, 2016. Seven letters were 
Willamette National Forest - McKenzie River Ranger District 

15

received from members of the public, federal officials, public interest organizations, and private 

businesses. Comments received varied from general statements of support or opposition to requests for 

additional analysis. Comments on the DEIS and the corresponding responses are located in Appendix I

(FEIS). A complete record of all letters, including names and addresses of individuals, agencies, and 

organizations that submitted a letter during the 45-day comment period, is available online in the Green

Mountain EIS Public Reading Room at https://cara.ecosystemmanagement.org/Public/ReadingRoom?Project=40858

All correspondence and comments are available in the project record at the McKenzie River Ranger 

District office, as well as the public reading room online.

Tribal Consultation

Tribal consultation for the Green Mountain project began in 2011, where it was presented at annual and 

individual Tribal meetings including the Klamath Tribes, the Confederated Tribes of Grand Ronde, the 

Confederated Tribes of Siletz Indians, and the Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs. Updates to the 

timeline of planning were identified every year at the annual meetings 2012 through 2015. On June 20, 

2014, the Tribes listed above received a consultation package that included information about the 

proposed project location, proposed actions, and the purpose and need for the project. 

During development of the Green Mountain project, a consultation package and invitation to comment 

was sent to the Tribes listed above on June 20, 2014.The Tribes were invited to provide comment on the 

DEIS during the 45-day comment period from June 6 through July 23, 2016. No comments were 

received.

Consultation with other Agencies

United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) and National Marine Fisheries Service 

(NMFS)

Upper Willamette River Chinook Salmon and Bull Trout

Endangered Species Act (ESA) formal consultation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) for 

bull trout and with the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) for Upper Willamette River spring 

Chinook salmon was completed during the development of the Green Mountain EIS (2014-2016). In 

December 2016, a final Biological Assessment (BA) was submitted to both the USFWS and NMFS. 

Biological Opinions (BO’s) are expected to be received by June 2017 prior to the signing of the final 

Record of Decision. Both BO’s will have conservation recommendations, and non-negotiable terms and 

conditions that the Forest Service is required to follow.

Northern Spotted Owl

Endangered Species Act (ESA) formal consultation with the USFWS for the Northern Spotted Owl was 

completed by the Willamette Planning Province Level I Terrestrial Team (2012), and evaluated by the 

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service in the FY2013 Biological Opinion (BO) (FWS Reference Number 

1EOFW00-2012-F-0158) signed October 29, 2012. The Green Mountain FEIS incorporates by reference 

this BO, as well as the Biological Assessment and letter requesting conference conversion after the 2012 

designation of Critical Habitat (USDA Forest Service 2012) (FWS reference: 01EOFW00-2013-TA0034) that supported the consultation. 
16 - Green Mountain Project Draft Record of Decision

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

During project scoping, the EPA submitted a list of recommendations for analysis and project design. This 

letter was reviewed and recommendations incorporated as appropriate. During the project 45 day 

comment period, the EPA submitted a list of comments and concerns. These comments and concerns are 

addressed in Appendix I, response to public comments. Per Forest Service regulations, this FEIS will be 

filed with the EPA’s Office of Federal Activities in Washington, DC, who will publish a notice of 

availability in the Federal Register.

Oregon State Historic Preservation Office

The 1995 Programmatic Agreement (PA) among the USDA Forest Service PNW, the Advisory Council on 

Historic Preservation, and the Oregon State Historic Preservation Officer (SHPO) Regarding Cultural 

Resource Management in the State of Oregon by the USDA Forest Service, (amended in 2004), provides 

a process by which the Forest Heritage Specialist may certify that the Forest has complied with Section 

106 of NHPA for the project In accordance with this PA, an appropriate inventory was conducted in 2011 

and 2012. All known cultural sites in the Area of Potential Effect (project area) were protected by 

avoidance, resulting in a determination of “Historic Properties Avoided” on June 27, 2013. SHPO 

concurred with the Forest Service finding on January 27, 2015. Documentation has been retained in the 

Forest and District Heritage files.

Oregon State Parks and Recreation Department

A 26-mile stretch of the South Fork McKenzie River is an Oregon State Wild and Scenic Study River., 

which is administered by the Oregon State Parks and Recreation Department. In 1992, an eligibility study 

was conducted for the South Fork McKenzie River and it determined that the river was eligible for 

inclusion into the national system. In order for the river to be included, a Legislative Environmental 

Impact Statement (LEIS) would need to be completed to determine where the South Fork McKenzie 

River is “suitable” for designation as a Wild and Scenic River. Congress will ultimately decide if the river 

is designated. In Section 3.13.3 the DEIS provided the following determination regarding the Federal 

Wild and Scenic River designation: The action alternatives will not diminish or degrade any of the 

characteristics which are central to the outstandingly remarkable values (ORV’s) that apply to the South 

Fork McKenzie River Wild and Scenic Study River. The fish ORV will be enhanced by felling trees into 

Elk Creek and the free flowing condition and water quality of the South Fork McKenzie River will be 

maintained. The Willamette National Forest will submit a Notice of Intent to the Oregon Department of 

Parks and Recreation for those activities within 1⁄4 mile of the State Scenic Waterway designation prior to 

implementation of any project activities.

Findings Required by Other Laws and Regulation

The Selected Alternative complies with the following laws and regulations:

The National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), 1969 – NEPA establishes the format and content 

requirements of environmental analysis and documentation. Preparation of the Green Mountain FEIS was 

prepared in full compliance with these requirements.

The National Forest Management Act (NFMA), 1976 –All proposed timber harvest units are planned 

to occur on suitable land. If regeneration harvest is implemented the sites would be capable of restocking 

within 5 years of harvest by either natural or artificial means. All units were considered for potential 

uneven-aged management. Proposed commercial thinning would increase the rate of growth of remaining 

trees. Some locations would favor species or age classes most valuable to wildlife. The resultant reduced 

stress on residual trees would make treated stands less susceptible to pest-caused damage. Design features 

have been identified to protect site productivity, soils, and water quality.
Willamette National Forest - McKenzie River Ranger District 

17

The burning of activity fuels would reduce long-lasting hazards from wildfire and reduce the risk of pest 

outbreaks over the project area as a whole. Air quality would be maintained at a level that would meet 

applicable Federal, State, and local standards. All proposed activities would provide sufficient habitat to 

maintain viable populations of fish and wildlife. Critical habitat for threatened or endangered species 

would be protected through avoidance. The action alternatives would accelerate development of forest 

habitats that are currently deficient within the analysis area to enhance the diversity of plant and animal 

communities in the long-term. See discussions under the applicable resource sections in FEIS, for further 

support that proposed activities that would comply with the seven requirements associated with vegetative 

manipulation (36 CFR 219.27(b)), riparian areas (36 CFR 219.27(e)), and soil and water (36 CFR 

219.27(f)).

Forest Plan Consistency – With the exception of the proposed SIA treatments covered by the proposed 

Plan Amendment, actions analyzed in the Green Mountain FEIS are consistent with a broad range of 

Forest Plan Standards and Guidelines that have been discussed and disclosed throughout the document.

The timber stand treatments associated with the project are consistent with the goals and management 

direction analyzed in the Willamette National Forest Land and Resource Management Plan FEIS and 

Record of Decision. Road improvements are designed to be consistent with the 1994 Northwest Forest 

Plan amendments to the Forest Plan and the Aquatic Conservation Strategy objectives.

Forest Plan Amendment #58

I prepared this forest plan amendment to the Willamette National Forest Land and Resource Management 

Plan (Forest Plan) under the 2012 Planning Rule. The 2012 planning rule has different provisions than the 

1982 Planning Rule procedures that the Forest Service used to develop the existing plan.

The purpose of this amendment is to allow programmed timber harvest for The Green Mountain project in 

Management Area 5a – Special Interest Areas (SIAs) where no programmed harvest is allowed and only 

salvage of catastrophic losses allowed. Per the Forest Plan, (VI p.138), Management Area Standard and 

Guideline MA-5a-05 states: “No programmed harvest shall be scheduled.” The amendment will exempt 

the project from this standard. Implementation Guides for SIAs include objectives and enhancement 

recommendations for managing second growth plantation in these management areas. The Green 

Mountain project proposes to treat approximately 206 acres in the South Fork McKenzie SIA and 

approximately 59 acres in the Hidden Lake-Lulu Lake SIA with thinning, gaps, and skips.

Compliance with the 2012 Planning Rule’s Procedural provisions

As explained below, this amendment complies with the procedural provisions of the 2012 Planning Rule 

(36 CFR Part 219.13(b)).

Using the best scientific information to inform the planning process (§ 219.3):

The Green Mountain EIS used the best available science and is disclosed in EIS Chapter 3 (EIS p. 61). 

Also see reference section in EIS beginning on page 286 for references cited in our environmental 

analysis using the best available science.

Active management to help development of characteristics similar to the unmanaged stands can be 

accelerated (Bauhus et al. 2008). As noted in Section 3.1 (FEIS) thinning in young uniform stands can 

improve horizontal and vertical stand diversity. Early commercial thinning has been shown to be 

beneficial to the future development of understories, the promotion of natural regeneration, and in 

enhancing biodiversity (Muir et al 2002). With early thinning, overstory trees can develop deep canopies 

and large-diameter branches in open stands (McGuire et al 1991). Low overstory density facilitates the 
18 - Green Mountain Project Draft Record of Decision

establishment of understory trees (McGuire et al 1991, Bailey and Tappeiner 1998, Miller and 

Emmingham 2001). (FEIS p. 214)

Providing opportunities for public participation (§ 219.4) and providing public notice (§ 219.16):

Our public participation efforts are disclosed in Chapter one of the EIS (pp. 26-27) as well as in this 

document (see page 14). The need for and effects of the amendment was provided in the DEIS, which was 

available for a 45 day comment period starting on June 6th 2016. The Forest Service has provided 

multiple locations and times for our interested parties to participate. During the comment period we 

received one comment on plan amendments. The commenter asked us to not to amend to the plan for any 

reason and did not further state that other requirements apply to the proposed plan revision.

The plan amendment process (§ 219.13): 

I determined that to meet the purpose and need of the project, the amendment to exempt the project from 

the standard was needed to allow vegetation management in the two Special Interest Areas, for this 

project only. Since the plan amendment only applies to this project, the analysis prepared in the Green 

Mountain EIS serves to document the need to change the plan. During the development of the 

implementation guide (Hidden/Lulu Lake Special interest Area, 2/2014) and initial analysis the need for 

the amendment was identified. 

Public participation is described in the section above. Interested and affected parties had the opportunity 

to comment on the proposed treatments within SIA’s during scoping and the planned amendment during 

the 45 day comment period. Because the amendment applies only to this project, a 90-day comment 

period was not required for the EIS.

The scope and scale of this amendment is within the SIA’s and is needed to develop more complex 

vegetation habitat, shifting age class and structural diversity by opening up the stand to allow young trees 

to grow. Thinning will also increase species diversity by retaining minor species such as True firs, Alaska 

yellow-cedar, Western white pine, Sugar pine, Western red-cedar and Pacific yew. The amendment 

focuses on vegetation management through timber harvest to provide for plant and animal habitat 

diversity. The SIA is considered unsuitable land for multiple use purposes in respect to it does not 

contribute to the Annual Sale Quantity (ASQ). No plan components such as Standards and Guidelines are 

being proposed with this amendment. 

The NEPA analysis indicated that the amendment would have beneficial effects by allowing timber 

harvest that increases horizontal and vertical diversity in the SIA. Thinning would provide for high 

quality habitat conditions that develop more complex vegetation habitat, shifting age class and structural 

diversity by opening up the stand to allow young trees to grow where no programmed timber harvest is 

currently allowed. I therefore applied the following substantive rule requirement (FEIS p. 213) regarding 

those resources: 

1. § 219.8 Sustainability (a) Ecological sustainability. (1) Ecosystem Integrity. (ii) Contributions of the 

plan area to ecological conditions within the broader landscape influenced by the plan area;

2. § 219.9 Diversity of plant and animal communities (2) Ecosystem diversity (iii) the diversity of 

native tree species similar to that existing in the plan area.

Increasing horizontal and vertical diversity in the SIA would contribute to a late-successional forest 

corridor around the South Fork McKenzie River. By implementing gaps, the project would provide 

numerous benefits for many species. Gaps provide habitat for shrubland birds not present in mature forest 

(Chandler et al. 2009) while generally providing more fruit and more resource abundance due to a lower 

canopy and increased fruiting (Blake and Hoppes. 1986). Generally, gaps provide more resources to 
Willamette National Forest - McKenzie River Ranger District 

19

herbs, shrubs, and broad-leaved plants which provide the foundation for food webs that contribute too 

many different trophic levels in Pacific Northwest conifer forests (Hagar, 2007).

Having applied those rule provisions, I found that the rule requirements did not require a change to the 

proposed amendment and therefore no changes were made to it. 

Based on the NEPA analyses, I have determined that the proposed amendment does not have substantial 

adverse effects AND/OR does not lessen protections. Treatments associated with the Green Mountain 

project would provide a late-successional forest corridor around the South Fork McKenzie River by 

increasing horizontal and vertical diversity in the SIA. No substantial adverse effects were determined 

through the analysis. Please refer to section FEIS 3.14.4 for a full disclosure of Environmental 

Consequences. The project is consistent with the Willamette National Forest Land and Resource 

Management Plan (Forest Plan).

Northwest Forest Plan Aquatic Conservation Strategy - The Aquatic Conservation Strategy (ACS) is 

an integral part of the Northwest Forest Plan and was developed to maintain and restore the ecological 

health of watersheds and aquatic ecosystems on public lands through implementation of four components: 

1) riparian reserves 2) key watersheds 3) watershed analysis 4) watershed restoration. Based on the 

analysis presented in this FEIS and Appendix E, the ACS Objectives would be met in each alternative.

The Preservation of Antiquities Act, June 1906 and the National Historic Preservation Act, as 

amended, October 1966 – Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) of 1966 

(amended in 1976, 1980, and 1992) is the foremost legislation governing the treatment of historic 

properties (a.k.a. heritage or cultural resources) during project planning and implementation. Other legal 

framework considered the effects of its actions on heritage resources is listed below:

 36 CFR800 (Protection of Historic Properties), 

 36 CFR 63 (Determination of Eligibility to the National Register of Historic Places), and 

 36 CFR 296 (Protection of Archaeological Resources), and

 Executive Order 13007 – Sacred Sites

The 1995 Programmatic Agreement (PA) among the USDA Forest Service PNW, the Advisory Council on 

Historic Preservation, and the Oregon State Historic Preservation Officer (SHPO) Regarding Cultural 

Resource Management in the State of Oregon by the USDA Forest Service, (amended in 2004), provides 

a process by which the Forest Heritage Specialist may certify that the Forest has complied with Section 

106 of NHPA for the project.

In accordance with this PA, an appropriate inventories were conducted from May of 2011 to August of 

2012. All known cultural sites in the Area of Potential Effect (project area) were protected by avoidance, 

resulting in a determination of “No Historic Properties Affected” on January 27, 2015. Documentation 

was provided by SHPO and copies have been retained in the Forest and District Heritage files.

Clean Air Act Amendments, 1977 – The alternatives are designed to meet the National Ambient Air 

Quality Standards through avoidance of practices that degrade air quality below health and visibility 

standards. This project is consistent with by the 1990 Clean Air Act and the 1977 Clean Air Act and its 

amendments (See Chapter 3.17).

The Clean Water Act, 1987 – This act establishes a non-degradation policy for all federally proposed 

projects. Compliance with the Clean Water Act would be accomplished through planning, application and 

monitoring of Best Management Practices (BMPs). Based on the analysis presented in this FEIS, TMDL 

requirements for the McKenzie Basin would be met in each alternative (See Chapter 3.3).
20 - Green Mountain Project Draft Record of Decision

The Endangered Species Act (ESA), December 1973 – The ESA establishes a policy that all federal 

agencies would seek to conserve endangered and threatened species of fish, wildlife and plants.

Biological Evaluations for plants and wildlife were prepared, which describe possible effects and impacts 

of the proposed action on sensitive, and other species of concern that may be present in the project area. A 

Biological Assessment (BA) was prepared for the northern spotted owl, bull trout, and spring Chinook

salmon.

Endangered Species Act (ESA) formal consultation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) for 

bull trout and with the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) for Upper Willamette River spring 

Chinook salmon was completed during the development of the Green Mountain EIS (2014-2016). In 

December 2016, a final Biological Assessment (BA) was submitted to both the USFWS and NMFS. A 

Biological Opinions (BO’s) are expected to be received by June 2017 prior to the signing of the final 

Record of Decision. Both BO’s will have conservation recommendations, and non-negotiable terms and 

conditions that the Forest Service is required to follow.

Table ROD - 3 ESA Unit, Critical Habitat, and EFH Addressed in the Green Mountain BA

Listed Species or Habitat ESA Status ESA/EFH Determination

Upper Willamette River Chinook Salmon –

Evolutionary Significant Unit (ESU) Threatened May Affect, Likely to Adversely Affect

Upper Willamette River Chinook Salmon –

Critical Habitat Designated May Affect, Will Adversely Affect

Upper Willamette River Chinook Salmon –

Essential Fish Habitat Designated Will Not Adversely Affect

Bull Trout – Distinct Population Segment (DPS) Threatened May Affect, Likely to Adversely 

Affect

Bull Trout – Critical Habitat Designated May Affect, Will Adversely 

Affect

Endangered Species Act (ESA) formal consultation with the USFWS for the Northern Spotted Owl was 

completed by the Willamette Planning Province Level I Terrestrial Team (2012), and evaluated by the 

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service in the FY2013 Biological Opinion (BO) (FWS Reference Number 

1EOFW00-2012-F-0158) signed October 29, 2012. The Green Mountain FEIS incorporates by reference 

this BO, as well as the Biological Assessment and letter requesting conference conversion after the 2012 

designation of Critical Habitat (USDA Forest Service 2012) (FWS reference: 01EOFW00-2013-TA0034) that supported the consultation. 

Green Mountain Project May Affect and Likely to Adversely Affect the 

Northern Spotted Owl due to Habitat Modification

from Shelterwood Harvest with Reserves and 

Thinning in Suitable Owl Habitat. Incidental Take 

to 2 potential owl sites. 

Green Mountain Project Not Likely to Jeopardize the Continued Existence 

of the Spotted Owl

Commercial Thinning in Critical Habitat (dispersal 

habitat)

May Affect, Not Likely to Adversely Affect, 

mostly Beneficial Effects on Future Foraging and 

Nesting/Roosting Habitat in Critical Habitat
Willamette National Forest - McKenzie River Ranger District 

21

Commercial Thinning in Critical Habitat with 52 

acres of gaps

May Affect and Likely to Adversely Affect 

Critical Habitat

Effects due to Disruption May Affect and Likely to Adversely Affect. 

Disruption due to Helicopter Logging to 3 Owl 

Sites (2 are Likely to Adversely Affect, 1 is Not 

Likely to Adversely Affect due to increased 

distance to Owl Site)

Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act, 1976 (MSA) – Essential Fish Habitat 

(EFH) under the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act is designated in all areas 

except above impassible dams, and natural migration barriers. Cougar Dam has adult passage at Cougar 

Dam (adult collection facility). The Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act 

reauthorization in 1996 established a new requirement for “Essential Fish Habitat” (EFH) that requires 

federal agencies to consult with the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) on activities that may 

adversely affect EFH. Essential Fish Habitat for the Pacific coast salmon fishery means those waters and 

substrate necessary for salmon production needed to support a long-term sustainable salmon fishery and 

salmon contributions to a healthy ecosystem. The species designated in the McKenzie River is spring 

Chinook salmon. The Forest Service conducted this consultation concurrent with ESA consultation.

Federal Mine Safety and Health Act of 1977, Public Law 91-173, as amended by Public Law 95-164.

Development of Rock Quarries would conform to the requirements of the act, which sets forth mandatory 

safety and health standards for each surface metal or nonmetal mine. The purpose for the standards is to 

protect life by preventing accidents and promoting health and safety.

Inventoried Roadless Areas and Wilderness –No inventoried roadless areas or designated wilderness is 

within or adjacent to the project area

Prime Farmland, Rangeland, and Forestland – No prime farmland, rangeland, or forestland occurs 

within the project area. 

Survey and Manage Species – The action alternatives comply with the Northwest Forest Plan as 

amended by the 2001 Record of Decision and Standards and Guidelines for Amendments to the Survey 

and Manage, Protection Buffer, and other Mitigation Measures Standards and Guidelines. Pre-disturbance 

surveys were conducted and site management applied consistent with the January 2001 species list. 

Management Indicator Species (Aquatic) – The Willamette Forest Plan recognized anadromous and 

resident salmonids as economically important species and designated them as management indicator 

species for riparian habitat and water quality. The most common salmonid sport fish that occur on the 

McKenzie River Ranger District are spring Chinook salmon, bull trout, rainbow trout, and coastal 

cutthroat trout. The Green Mountain project would maintain and improve habitat conditions for aquatic 

Management Indicator Species in the project area. Therefore, the Green Mountain project would not 

contribute to a negative trend in viability of these species.

Management Indicator Species (Terrestrial) – The Willamette Forest Plan recognized elk and deer as 

economically important species that are commonly hunted, and designated them as management indicator 

species for winter range. Designated management indicator species for old growth and mature conifers

are pileated woodpecker, marten, and northern spotted owl. The bald eagle was selected as a management 

indicator species for old growth conifers near large bodies of water, and the peregrine falcon was selected 

as a management indicator species for cliff nesting habitat. The Green Mountain project would maintain 
22 - Green Mountain Project Draft Record of Decision

habitat conditions for elk, deer, pileated woodpeckers, marten, bald eagles and peregrine falcons in the 

project area. The Green Mountain project would not contribute to a negative trend in viability for any of 

the terrestrial wildlife management indicator species. 

Executive Orders 11988 and 11990: Floodplains and Wetlands – Executive Order 11988 requires 

government agencies to take actions that reduce the risk of loss due to floods, to minimize the impact of 

floods on human health and welfare, and to restore and preserve the natural and beneficial values served 

by floodplains. Proposed harvest treatments would not occur within 100-year floodplains. Executive 

Order 11990 requires government agencies to take actions that minimize the destruction, loss, or 

degradation of wetlands. Streamside riparian areas, seeps, springs, and other wet habitats exist in the 

project area. These areas would be either avoided, or managed according to the amended Willamette 

Forest Plan Standards and Guidelines. Riparian Reserves would also be protected with design features. As 

a result, proposed treatments in Riparian Reserves would be consistent with Executive Orders 11988 and 

11990.

Executive Order 12898: Environmental Justice – Executive Order 12898 requires that federal agencies 

adopt strategies to address environmental justice concerns within the context of agency operations. With 

implementation of either action alternatives, there would be no disproportionately high and adverse 

human health or environmental effects on minority or low-income populations. Nearby communities 

would mainly be affected by economic impacts connected with contractors implementing harvest, road 

reconstruction, tree thinning, planting, and other fuels treatment activities. Racial and cultural minority 

groups could also be prevalent in the work forces that implement activities. Contracts contain clauses that 

address worker safety.

Executive Order 12962: Recreational Fishing – The June 7, 1995, Executive Order requires 

government agencies to strengthen efforts to improve fisheries conservation and provide for more and 

better recreational fishing opportunities, and to develop a new policy to promote compatibility between 

the protection of endangered species and recreational fisheries, and to develop a comprehensive 

Recreational Fishery Resources Conservation Plan. Proposed activities in the project area would promote 

the restoration of riparian function in stands in corridor and headwater aquatic reserves and to develop 

additional large wood to stream reaches that currently lack adequate amounts. This would improve fish 

habitat and would provide better future fishing opportunities for the public.

Executive Order 13186: Migratory Birds – Migratory birds are protected under the Migratory Bird 

Treaty Act of 1918 (16 U. S.C. 703-704). The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service is the lead federal agency 

for managing and conserving migratory birds in the United States. However, under Executive Order (EO) 

13186, all federal agencies are charged with the conservation and protection of migratory birds. A 

Memorandum of Understanding (MOU 2008) between the Forest Service and U.S. Fish and Wildlife 

Service requires, during NEPA planning, that the FS, to the extent practical, evaluate and balance longterm benefits of projects to migratory birds against any short- or long-term adverse effects. It also requires 

the FS to consider approaches, to the extent practical, for identifying and minimizing take of migratory 

birds that is incidental to otherwise lawful activities. Region 6 has compiled some information to assist 

biologists in disclosing effects to avian species during NEPA planning (Forest Service and Bureau of 

Land Management 2013). Effects to FS sensitive birds, federally ESA listed birds, birds that are 

Management Indicator Species and migratory bird species that have been identified by USFWS as 

Species of Conservation Concern in the Northern Pacific Forest (USFWS 2008) and that have habitat in 

the proposed treatment units are addressed in Chapter 3. 

Seasonal restrictions are recommended in the Green Mountain design features (Table 9) to conduct hazard 

tree falling outside the critical nesting season, as well as tree felling, yarding and prescribed unit 

underburning on specific units to protect owls. This would minimize disturbances to nesting migratory 
Willamette National Forest - McKenzie River Ranger District 

23

birds and reduce the likelihood of harm to individual birds. Design features to retain existing snags where 

possible, and to retain live trees, create snags, and fall trees for dead wood sources would provide 

structural features migratory birds would use. There is a design feature (FEIS Table 9) to consider late 

winter or fall for prescribed underburning which would reduce impacts to nesting birds and their young. 

Executive Order 13443: Facilitation of Hunting Heritage and Wildlife Conservation – August 17, 2007, 

Executive Order requires Federal agencies “to facilitate the expansion and enhancement of hunting 

opportunities and the management of game species and their habitat.” The proposed creation and 

enhancement of early seral habitat in both action alternatives in the project area would improve forage for 

game species and provide better hunting opportunities for the public.

Other Jurisdictions – There are a number of other agencies responsible for management of resources 

within the project area. The Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife is responsible for management of 

fish and wildlife populations, whereas the Forest Service manages the habitat for these animals. The 

Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife has been contacted regarding this project and Brian Wolfer, a 

biologist with the agency, attended a 2014 public meeting.

Proposed harvest treatments within riparian areas have been designed to comply with “Sufficiency 

Analysis for Stream Temperature – Evaluation of the adequacy of the Northwest Forest Plan Riparian 

Reserves to achieve and maintain stream temperature water quality standards” (USDA Forest Service and 

USDI BLM, 2004). This document was prepared in collaboration with Oregon Department of 

Environmental Quality and United States Environmental Protection Agency to provide documentation of 

Northwest Forest Plan compliance with the Clean Water Act with regard to state water quality standards 

for stream temperatures. As such, it redeems several of the Forest Service responsibilities identified in a

“Memorandum of Understanding between USDA Forest Service and Oregon Department of 

Environmental Quality To Meet State and Federal Water Quality Rules and Regulations” (USDA Forest 

Service and Oregon DEQ, May 2002). The Sufficiency Analysis provides current scientific guidance for 

management of riparian vegetation to provide effective stream shade, including appropriate methods of 

managing young stands for riparian objectives other than shade, such as production of large wood for 

future recruitment.

Oregon Department of Environmental Quality and the Oregon Department of Forestry are responsible for 

regulating all prescribed burning operations. The USDA Forest Service Region 6 has a Memorandum of 

Understanding with Oregon Department of Environmental Quality, Oregon Department of Forestry, and 

the USDI Bureau of Land Management regarding limits on emissions, as well as reporting procedures. All 

burning would comply with the State of Oregon's Smoke Management Implementation Plan and, for 

greater specificity, see the memorandum of understanding mentioned above.

Energy Requirements and Conservation Potential – Some form of energy would be necessary for 

projects requiring use of mechanized equipment. Commercial thinning and some partial cutting units 

would involve both heavy and small machines for yarding logs during the implementation period. 

Projects such as road reconstruction and maintenance could require heavy machinery for a small amount 

of time. Both possibilities would result in minor energy consumption. Alternatives that harvest trees could 

create supplies of firewood as a by-product, which would contribute to a supply of energy for the local 

community for home heating.

Pre-Decisional Administrative Review (Objection)

This draft Record of Decision is subject to pre-decisional administrative review (objection) pursuant to 36 

CFR 218. 
24 - Green Mountain Project Draft Record of Decision

Who may file an objection (36 CFR 218.5): Only individuals, or organizations that submitted specific 

written comments during any designated opportunity for public participation (scoping or public comment 

periods) may object.

Objection requirements (36 CFR 218.8): An objection must meet all of the requirements described in 

36 CFR 218.8: 

a) Objections must be filed with the reviewing officer in writing. All objections are available for 

public inspection during and after the objection process.

b) Incorporation of documents by reference is not allowed, except for the list of items in 36 CFR 

218.8 that may be referenced by including date, page, and section of the cited document, along 

with a description of its content and applicability to the objection. All other documents must be 

included with the objection.

c) Issues raised in objections must be based on previously submitted specific written comments 

regarding the proposed project or activity and attributed to the objector, unless the issue is based 

on new information that arose after the opportunities for comment. The burden is on the objector 

to demonstrate compliance with this requirement for objection issues.

d) At a minimum, an objection must include the following: 

(1) Objector's name and address as defined in §218.2, with a telephone number, if available;

(2) Signature or other verification of authorship upon request (a scanned signature for electronic 

mail may be filed with the objection);

(3) When multiple names are listed on an objection, identification of the lead objector as defined 

in §218.2. Verification of the identity of the lead objector must be provided upon request or 

the reviewing officer will designate a lead objector as provided in §218.5(d);

(4) The name of the proposed project, the name and title of the responsible official, and the 

name(s) of the national forest(s) and/or ranger district(s) on which the proposed project will 

be implemented;

(5) A description of those aspects of the proposed project addressed by the objection, including 

specific issues related to the proposed project; if applicable, how the objector believes the 

environmental analysis or draft decision specifically violates law, regulation, or policy; 

suggested remedies that would resolve the objection; supporting reasons for the reviewing 

officer to consider; and

(6) A statement that demonstrates the connection between prior specific written comments on the 

particular proposed project or activity and the content of the objection, unless the objection concerns 

an issue that arose after the designated opportunity(ies) for comment.

Timeline for filing of objections (36 CFR 218.9): Evidence of and responsibility for timely filing is 

described in 36 CFR 218.9. Objections must be postmarked or received by the Reviewing Officer, 

Regional Forester, within 45 days from the date of publication of notice of the objection period in the 

Eugene Register Guard, the newspaper of record for the Willamette National Forest. The publication date 

in the Eugene Register Guard is the exclusive means for calculating the time to file an objection. Those 

wishing to file an objection should not rely upon dates or timeframe information provided by any other 

source.

Submitting an objection: Objections may be submitted in the following ways:

Electronic Submission: Electronic objections will be accepted through the Forest Service 

online comment system available at https://cara.ecosystemmanagement.org/Public/CommentInput?project=40858
Willamette National Forest - McKenzie River Ranger District 

25

Mail: Objections can be mailed to the Reviewing Officer at the address below. Objections 

delivered by mail must be received before the close of the fifth business day after the objection 

filing period.

Regional Forester, Reviewing Officer

c/o Regional Administrative Review Coordinator

Pacific Northwest Region

Attention: Objections

1220 SW 3rd Avenue 

Portland, Oregon 97204

Hand delivery: Objections may be hand delivered to the Regional Office at the address above 

between 8:00am and 4:30pm, Monday through Friday except legal holidays

Implementation

If no objections are filed, my decision will be finalized (signed) and implementation of my decision may 

occur on, but not before, the fifth business day following the end of the 45-day objection-filing period. If 

an objection is filed, a written objection response will be completed by the Reviewing Officer within 45 

to 75 days after the end of the 45-day objection-filing period. At that time, my decision will be finalized 

(signed) and implementation could begin immediately thereafter.

Contact Person

For additional information concerning this decision or the Forest Service objection process, contact: Dean 

Schlichting, NEPA Planner at 541-822-7214 or deandschlichting@fs.fed.us.

218 Draft

(Record of Decision has not been signed)

__________________________________ _____________

Tracy Beck Date

Forest Supervisor, Responsible Official

Willamette National Forest