III

103D CONGRESS

2D SESSION S. RES. 275

To amend the Senate gift rule.

IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES

OCTOBER 6 (legislative day, SEPTEMBER 12), 1994

Mr. WELLSTONE (for himself, Mr. FEINGOLD, and Mr. LAUTENBERG) submitted the following resolution; which was referred to the Committee on

Rules and Administration

RESOLUTION

To amend the Senate gift rule.

1 Resolved, That rule XXXV of the Standing Rules of

2 the Senate is amended by inserting the following:

3 SEC. ll. AMENDMENTS TO SENATE RULES.

4 The text of rule XXXV of the Standing Rules of the

5 Senate is amended to read as follows:

6 ‘‘1. No member, officer, or employee of the Senate

7 shall accept a gift, knowing that such gift is provided by

8 a lobbyist, a lobbying firm, or an agent of a foreign prin9 cipal registered under the Foreign Agents Registration

10 Act of 1938 (22 U.S.C. 611 et seq.) in violation of this

11 rule.
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1 ‘‘2. (a) In addition to the restriction on receiving gifts

2 from registered lobbyists, lobbying firms, and agents of

3 foreign principals provided by paragraph 1 and except as

4 provided in this rule, no member, officer, or employee of

5 the Senate shall knowingly accept a gift from any other

6 person.

7 ‘‘(b)(1) For the purpose of this rule, the term ‘gift’

8 means any gratuity, favor, discount, entertainment, hospi9 tality, loan, forbearance, or other item having monetary

10 value. The term includes gifts of services, training, trans11 portation, lodging, and meals, whether provided in kind,

12 by purchase of a ticket, payment in advance, or reimburse13 ment after the expense has been incurred.

14 ‘‘(2) A gift to the spouse or dependent of a member,

15 officer, or employee (or a gift to any other individual based

16 on that individual’s relationship with the member, officer,

17 or employee) shall be considered a gift to the member, offi18 cer, or employee if it is given with the knowledge and ac19 quiescence of the member, officer, or employee and the

20 member, officer, or employee has reason to believe the gift

21 was given because of the official position of the member,

22 officer, or employee.

23 ‘‘(c) The restrictions in subparagraph (a) shall apply

24 to the following:
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1 ‘‘(1) Anything provided by a lobbyist or a for2 eign agent which is paid for, charged to, or reim3 bursed by a client or firm of such lobbyist or foreign

4 agent.

5 ‘‘(2) Anything provided by a lobbyist, a lobby6 ing firm, or a foreign agent to an entity that is

7 maintained or controlled by a member, officer, or

8 employee of the Senate.

9 ‘‘(3) A charitable contribution (as defined in

10 section 170(c) of the Internal Revenue Code of

11 1986) made by a lobbyist, a lobbying firm, or a for12 eign agent on the basis of a designation, rec13 ommendation, or other specification of a member, of14 ficer, or employee of the Senate (not including a

15 mass mailing or other solicitation directed to a

16 broad category of persons or entities).

17 ‘‘(4) A contribution or other payment by a lob18 byist, a lobbying firm, or a foreign agent to a legal

19 expense fund established for the benefit of a mem20 ber, officer, or employee of the Senate.

21 ‘‘(5) A charitable contribution (as defined in

22 section 170(c) of the Internal Revenue Code of

23 1986) made by a lobbyist, a lobbying firm, or a for24 eign agent in lieu of an honorarium to a member,

25 officer, or employee of the Senate.
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1 ‘‘(6) A financial contribution or expenditure

2 made by a lobbyist, a lobbying firm, or a foreign

3 agent relating to a conference, retreat, or similar

4 event, sponsored by or affiliated with an official con5 gressional organization, for or on behalf of members,

6 officers, or employees of the Senate.

7 ‘‘(d) The restrictions in subparagraph (a) shall not

8 apply to the following:

9 ‘‘(1) Anything for which the member, officer, or

10 employee pays the market value, or does not use and

11 promptly returns to the donor.

12 ‘‘(2) A contribution, as defined in the Federal

13 Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 431 et

14 seq.) that is lawfully made under that Act, or at15 tendance at a fundraising event sponsored by a po16 litical organization described in section 527(e) of the

17 Internal Revenue Code of 1986.

18 ‘‘(3) Anything provided by an individual on the

19 basis of a personal or family relationship unless the

20 member, officer, or employee has reason to believe

21 that, under the circumstances, the gift was provided

22 because of the official position of the member, offi23 cer, or employee and not because of the personal or

24 family relationship. The Select Committee on Ethics

25 shall provide guidance on the applicability of this
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1 clause and examples of circumstances under which a

2 gift may be accepted under this exception.

3 ‘‘(4) A contribution or other payment to a legal

4 expense fund established for the benefit of a mem5 ber, officer, or employee, that is otherwise lawfully

6 made, if the person making the contribution or pay7 ment is identified for the Select Committee on

8 Ethics.

9 ‘‘(5) Any food or refreshments which the recipi10 ent reasonably believes to have a value of less than

11 $20.

12 ‘‘(6) Any gift from another member, officer, or

13 employee of the Senate or the House of Representa14 tives.

15 ‘‘(7) Food, refreshments, lodging, and other

16 benefits—

17 ‘‘(A) resulting from the outside business or

18 employment activities (or other outside activi19 ties that are not connected to the duties of the

20 member, officer, or employee as an officeholder)

21 of the member, officer, or employee, or the

22 spouse of the member, officer, or employee, if

23 such benefits have not been offered or enhanced

24 because of the official position of the member,
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1 officer, or employee and are customarily pro2 vided to others in similar circumstances;

3 ‘‘(B) customarily provided by a prospective

4 employer in connection with bona fide employ5 ment discussions; or

6 ‘‘(C) provided by a political organization

7 described in section 527(e) of the Internal Rev8 enue Code of 1986 in connection with a fund9 raising or campaign event sponsored by such an

10 organization.

11 ‘‘(8) Pension and other benefits resulting from

12 continued participation in an employee welfare and

13 benefits plan maintained by a former employer.

14 ‘‘(9) Informational materials that are sent to

15 the office of the member, officer, or employee in the

16 form of books, articles, periodicals, other written

17 materials, audio tapes, videotapes, or other forms of

18 communication.

19 ‘‘(10) Awards or prizes which are given to com20 petitors in contests or events open to the public, in21 cluding random drawings.

22 ‘‘(11) Honorary degrees (and associated travel,

23 food, refreshments, and entertainment) and other

24 bona fide, nonmonetary awards presented in recogni25 tion of public service (and associated food, refresh-
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1 ments, and entertainment provided in the presen2 tation of such degrees and awards).

3 ‘‘(12) Donations of products from the State

4 that the member represents that are intended pri5 marily for promotional purposes, such as display or

6 free distribution, and are of minimal value to any in7 dividual recipient.

8 ‘‘(13) Food, refreshments, and entertainment

9 provided to a member or an employee of a member

10 in the member’s home State, subject to reasonable

11 limitations, to be established by the Committee on

12 Rules and Administration.

13 ‘‘(14) An item of little intrinsic value such as

14 a greeting card, baseball cap, or a T-shirt.

15 ‘‘(15) Training (including food and refresh16 ments furnished to all attendees as an integral part

17 of the training) provided to a member, officer, or

18 employee, if such training is in the interest of the

19 Senate.

20 ‘‘(16) Bequests, inheritances, and other trans21 fers at death.

22 ‘‘(17) Any item, the receipt of which is author23 ized by the Foreign Gifts and Decorations Act, the

24 Mutual Educational and Cultural Exchange Act, or

25 any other statute.
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1 ‘‘(18) Anything which is paid for by the Federal

2 Government, by a State or local government, or se3 cured by the Government under a Government con4 tract.

5 ‘‘(19) A gift of personal hospitality of an indi6 vidual, as defined in section 109(14) of the Ethics

7 in Government Act.

8 ‘‘(20) Free attendance at a widely attended

9 event permitted pursuant to subparagraph (e).

10 ‘‘(21) Opportunities and benefits which are—

11 ‘‘(A) available to the public or to a class

12 consisting of all Federal employees, whether or

13 not restricted on the basis of geographic consid14 eration;

15 ‘‘(B) offered to members of a group or

16 class in which membership is unrelated to con17 gressional employment;

18 ‘‘(C) offered to members of an organiza19 tion, such as an employees’ association or con20 gressional credit union, in which membership is

21 related to congressional employment and similar

22 opportunities are available to large segments of

23 the public through organizations of similar size;

24 ‘‘(D) offered to any group or class that is

25 not defined in a manner that specifically dis-
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1 criminates among Government employees on the

2 basis of branch of Government or type of re3 sponsibility, or on a basis that favors those of

4 higher rank or rate of pay;

5 ‘‘(E) in the form of loans from banks and

6 other financial institutions on terms generally

7 available to the public; or

8 ‘‘(F) in the form of reduced membership or

9 other fees for participation in organization ac10 tivities offered to all Government employees by

11 professional organizations if the only restric12 tions on membership relate to professional

13 qualifications.

14 ‘‘(22) A plaque, trophy, or other memento of

15 modest value.

16 ‘‘(23) Anything for which, in an unusual case,

17 a waiver is granted by the Select Committee on Eth18 ics.

19 ‘‘(e)(1) Except as prohibited by paragraph 1, a mem20 ber, officer, or employee may accept an offer of free at21 tendance at a widely attended convention, conference,

22 symposium, forum, panel discussion, dinner, viewing, re23 ception, or similar event, provided by the sponsor of the

24 event, if—
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1 ‘‘(A) the member, officer, or employee partici2 pates in the event as a speaker or a panel partici3 pant, by presenting information related to Congress

4 or matters before Congress, or by performing a cere5 monial function appropriate to the member’s, offi6 cer’s, or employee’s official position; or

7 ‘‘(B) attendance at the event is appropriate to

8 the performance of the official duties or representa9 tive function of the member, officer, or employee.

10 ‘‘(2) A member, officer, or employee who attends an

11 event described in clause (1) may accept a sponsor’s unso12 licited offer of free attendance at the event for an accom13 panying individual if others in attendance will generally

14 be similarly accompanied or if such attendance is appro15 priate to assist in the representation of the Senate.

16 ‘‘(3) Except as prohibited by paragraph 1, a member,

17 officer, or employee, or the spouse or dependent thereof,

18 may accept a sponsor’s unsolicited offer of free attendance

19 at a charity event, except that reimbursement for trans20 portation and lodging may not be accepted in connection

21 with the event.

22 ‘‘(4) For purposes of this paragraph, the term ‘free

23 attendance’ may include waiver of all or part of a con24 ference or other fee, the provision of local transportation,

25 or the provision of food, refreshments, entertainment, and
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1 instructional materials furnished to all attendees as an in2 tegral part of the event. The term does not include enter3 tainment collateral to the event, or food or refreshments

4 taken other than in a group setting with all or substan5 tially all other attendees.

6 ‘‘(f)(1) No member, officer, or employee may accept

7 a gift the value of which exceeds $250 on the basis of

8 the personal relationship exception in subparagraph (d)(3)

9 or the close personal friendship exception in clause (2) un10 less the Select Committee on Ethics issues a written deter11 mination that one of such exceptions applies.

12 ‘‘(2)(A) A gift given by an individual under cir13 cumstances which make it clear that the gift is given for

14 a nonbusiness purpose and is motivated by a family rela15 tionship or close personal friendship and not by the posi16 tion of the member, officer, or employee of the Senate

17 shall not be subject to the prohibition in clause (1).

18 ‘‘(B) A gift shall not be considered to be given for

19 a nonbusiness purpose if the individual giving the gift

20 seeks—

21 ‘‘(i) to deduct the value of such gift as a busi22 ness expense on the individual’s Federal income tax

23 return, or
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1 ‘‘(ii) direct or indirect reimbursement or any

2 other compensation for the value of the gift from a

3 client or employer of such lobbyist or foreign agent.

4 ‘‘(C) In determining if the giving of a gift is moti5 vated by a family relationship or close personal friendship,

6 at least the following factors shall be considered:

7 ‘‘(i) The history of the relationship between the

8 individual giving the gift and the recipient of the

9 gift, including whether or not gifts have previously

10 been exchanged by such individuals.

11 ‘‘(ii) Whether the gift was purchased by the in12 dividual who gave the item.

13 ‘‘(iii) Whether the individual who gave the gift

14 also at the same time gave the same or similar gifts

15 to other members, officers, or employees of the Sen16 ate.

17 ‘‘(g)(1) The Committee on Rules and Administration

18 is authorized to adjust the dollar amount referred to in

19 subparagraph (d)(5) on a periodic basis, to the extent nec20 essary to adjust for inflation.

21 ‘‘(2) The Select Committee on Ethics shall provide

22 guidance setting forth reasonable steps that may be taken

23 by members, officers, and employees, with a minimum of

24 paperwork and time, to prevent the acceptance of prohib25 ited gifts from lobbyists.
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1 ‘‘(3) When it is not practicable to return a tangible

2 item because it is perishable, the item may, at the discre3 tion of the recipient, be given to an appropriate charity

4 or destroyed.

5 ‘‘3. (a)(1) Except as prohibited by paragraph 1, a re6 imbursement (including payment in kind) to a member,

7 officer, or employee for necessary transportation, lodging

8 and related expenses for travel to a meeting, speaking en9 gagement, factfinding trip or similar event in connection

10 with the duties of the member, officer, or employee as an

11 officeholder shall be deemed to be a reimbursement to the

12 Senate and not a gift prohibited by this rule, if the mem13 ber, officer, or employee—

14 ‘‘(A) in the case of an employee, receives ad15 vance authorization, from the member or officer

16 under whose direct supervision the employee works,

17 to accept reimbursement, and

18 ‘‘(B) discloses the expenses reimbursed or to be

19 reimbursed and the authorization to the Secretary of

20 the Senate within 30 days after the travel is com21 pleted.

22 ‘‘(2) For purposes of clause (1), events, the activities

23 of which are substantially recreational in nature, shall not

24 be considered to be in connection with the duties of a

25 member, officer, or employee as an officeholder.
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1 ‘‘(b) Each advance authorization to accept reimburse2 ment shall be signed by the member or officer under whose

3 direct supervision the employee works and shall include—

4 ‘‘(1) the name of the employee;

5 ‘‘(2) the name of the person who will make the

6 reimbursement;

7 ‘‘(3) the time, place, and purpose of the travel;

8 and

9 ‘‘(4) a determination that the travel is in con10 nection with the duties of the employee as an office11 holder and would not create the appearance that the

12 employee is using public office for private gain.

13 ‘‘(c) Each disclosure made under subparagraph

14 (a)(1) of expenses reimbursed or to be reimbursed shall

15 be signed by the member or officer (in the case of travel

16 by that Member or officer) or by the member or officer

17 under whose direct supervision the employee works (in the

18 case of travel by an employee) and shall include—

19 ‘‘(1) a good faith estimate of total transpor20 tation expenses reimbursed or to be reimbursed;

21 ‘‘(2) a good faith estimate of total lodging ex22 penses reimbursed or to be reimbursed;

23 ‘‘(3) a good faith estimate of total meal ex24 penses reimbursed or to be reimbursed;
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1 ‘‘(4) a good faith estimate of the total of other

2 expenses reimbursed or to be reimbursed;

3 ‘‘(5) a determination that all such expenses are

4 necessary transportation, lodging, and related ex5 penses as defined in this paragraph; and

6 ‘‘(6) in the case of a reimbursement to a mem7 ber or officer, a determination that the travel was in

8 connection with the duties of the member or officer

9 as an officeholder and would not create the appear10 ance that the member or officer is using public office

11 for private gain.

12 ‘‘(d) For the purposes of this paragraph, the term

13 ‘necessary transportation, lodging, and related ex14 penses’—

15 ‘‘(1) includes reasonable expenses that are nec16 essary for travel for a period not exceeding 3 days

17 exclusive of traveltime within the United States or 7

18 days exclusive of traveltime outside of the United

19 States unless approved in advance by the Select

20 Committee on Ethics;

21 ‘‘(2) is limited to reasonable expenditures for

22 transportation, lodging, conference fees and mate23 rials, and food and refreshments, including reim24 bursement for necessary transportation, whether or
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1 not such transportation occurs within the periods de2 scribed in clause (1);

3 ‘‘(3) does not include expenditures for rec4 reational activities, or entertainment other than that

5 provided to all attendees as an integral part of the

6 event; and

7 ‘‘(4) may include travel expenses incurred on

8 behalf of either the spouse or a child of the member,

9 officer, or employee, subject to a determination

10 signed by the member or officer (or in the case of

11 an employee, the member or officer under whose di12 rect supervision the employee works) that the at13 tendance of the spouse or child is appropriate to as14 sist in the representation of the Senate.

15 ‘‘(e) The Secretary of the Senate shall make available

16 to the public all advance authorizations and disclosures

17 of reimbursement filed pursuant to subparagraph (a) as

18 soon as possible after they are received.

19 ‘‘4. In this rule:

20 ‘‘(a) The term ‘‘client’’ means any person or en21 tity that employs or retains another person for fi22 nancial or other compensation to conduct lobbying

23 activities on behalf of that person or entity. A per24 son or entity whose employees act as lobbyists on its

25 own behalf is both a client and an employer of such
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1 employees. In the case of a coalition or association

2 that employs or retains other persons to conduct lob3 bying activities, the client is—

4 ‘‘(1) the coalition or association and not its

5 individual members when the lobbying activities

6 are conducted on behalf of its membership and

7 financed by the coalition’s or association’s dues

8 and assessments; or

9 ‘‘(2) an individual member or members,

10 when the lobbying activities are conducted on

11 behalf of, and financed separately by, 1 or more

12 individual members and not by the coalition’s or

13 association’s dues and assessments.

14 ‘‘(b)(1) The term ‘‘lobbying contact’’ means any

15 oral or written communication (including an elec16 tronic communication) to a member, officer, or em17 ployee of the Senate that is made on behalf of a cli18 ent with regard to the formulation, modification, or

19 adoption of Federal legislation (including legislative

20 proposals) or the nomination or confirmation of a

21 person for a position subject to confirmation by the

22 Senate.

23 ‘‘(2) The term ‘‘lobbying contact’’ does not in24 clude a communication that is—
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1 ‘‘(A) made by a public official acting in the

2 public official’s official capacity;

3 ‘‘(B) made by a representative of a media

4 organization if the purpose of the communica5 tion is gathering and disseminating news and

6 information to the public;

7 ‘‘(C) made in a speech, article, publication

8 or other material that is widely distributed to

9 the public, or through radio, television, cable

10 television, or other medium of mass communica11 tion;

12 ‘‘(D) made on behalf of a government of a

13 foreign country or a foreign political party and

14 disclosed under the Foreign Agents Registra15 tion Act of 1938 (22 U.S.C. 611 et seq.);

16 ‘‘(E) a request for a meeting, a request for

17 the status of an action, or any other similar ad18 ministrative request, if the request does not in19 clude an attempt to influence a member, officer,

20 or employee of the Senate;

21 ‘‘(F) made in the course of participation in

22 an advisory committee subject to the Federal

23 Advisory Committee Act;

24 ‘‘(G) testimony given before a committee,

25 subcommittee, or task force of the Congress, or
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1 submitted for inclusion in the public record of

2 a hearing conducted by such committee, sub3 committee, or task force;

4 ‘‘(H) information provided in writing in re5 sponse to a written request by a member, offi6 cer, or employee of the Senate for specific infor7 mation;

8 ‘‘(I) required by subpoena, civil investiga9 tive demand, or otherwise compelled by statute,

10 regulation, or other action of the Congress or

11 an agency;

12 ‘‘(J) made on behalf of an individual with

13 regard to that individual’s benefits, employ14 ment, or other personal matters involving only

15 that individual, except that this subclause does

16 not apply to any communication with a mem17 ber, officer, or employee of the Senate (other

18 than the individual’s elected Senators or em19 ployees who work under such Senators’ direct

20 supervision) with respect to the formulation,

21 modification, or adoption of private legislation

22 for the relief of that individual;

23 ‘‘(K) a disclosure by an individual that is

24 protected under the amendments made by the

25 Whistleblower Protection Act of 1989, under
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1 the Inspector General Act of 1978, or under an2 other provision of law; or

3 ‘‘(L) made by—

4 ‘‘(i) a church, its integrated auxiliary,

5 or a convention or association of churches

6 that is exempt from filing a Federal in7 come tax return under paragraph 2(A)(i)

8 of section 6033(a) of the Internal Revenue

9 Code of 1986, or

10 ‘‘(ii) a religious order that is exempt

11 from filing a Federal income tax return

12 under paragraph (2)(A)(iii) of such section

13 6033(a),

14 if the communication constitutes the free exercise of

15 religion or is for the purpose of protecting the right

16 to the free exercise of religion.

17 ‘‘(c)(1) The term ‘‘lobbying firm’’—

18 ‘‘(A) means a person or entity that has 1

19 or more employees who are lobbyists on behalf

20 of a client other than that person or entity; and

21 ‘‘(B) includes a self-employed individual

22 who is a lobbyist; but

23 ‘‘(C) does not include a person or entity

24 whose—
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1 (i) total income for matters related to

2 lobbying activities on behalf of a particular

3 client (in the case of a lobbying firm) does

4 not exceed and is not expected to exceed

5 $2,500; or

6 (ii) total expenses in connection with

7 lobbying activities (in the case of an orga8 nization whose employees engage in lobby9 ing activities on its own behalf) do not ex10 ceed or are not expected to exceed $5,000,

11 (as estimated in accordance with standards is12 sued by the Committee on Rules and Adminis13 tration) in the preceding semiannual period of

14 January through June or July through

15 December.

16 ‘‘(2) The dollar amounts in clause (1) shall be

17 adjusted—

18 ‘‘(A) on January 1, 1997, to reflect

19 changes in the Consumer Price Index (as deter20 mined by the Secretary of Labor) since the date

21 of enactment of this title; and

22 ‘‘(B) on January 1 of each fourth year oc23 curring after January 1, 1997, to reflect

24 changes in the Consumer Price Index (as deter-
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1 mined by the Secretary of Labor) during the

2 preceding 4-year period,

3 rounded to the nearest $500.

4 ‘‘(d)(1) The term ‘‘lobbyist’’—

5 ‘‘(A) means any individual who is employed

6 or retained by a client for financial or other

7 compensation for services that include one or

8 more lobbying contacts, other than an individ9 ual whose lobbying activities constitute less

10 than 10 percent of the time engaged in the

11 services provided by such individual to that cli12 ent; but

13 ‘‘(B) does not include an individual

14 whose—

15 (i) total income for matters related to

16 lobbying activities on behalf of a particular

17 client (in the case of a lobbying firm) does

18 not exceed and is not expected to exceed

19 $2,500; or

20 (ii) total expenses in connection with

21 lobbying activities (in the case of an orga22 nization whose employees engage in lobby23 ing activities on its own behalf) do not ex24 ceed or are not expected to exceed $5,000,
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1 (as estimated in accordance with standards is2 sued by the Committee on Rules and Adminis3 tration) in the preceding semiannual period of

4 January through June or July through

5 December.

6 ‘‘(2) The dollar amounts in clause (1) shall be

7 adjusted—

8 ‘‘(A) on January 1, 1997, to reflect

9 changes in the Consumer Price Index (as deter10 mined by the Secretary of Labor) since the date

11 of enactment of this title; and

12 ‘‘(B) on January 1 of each fourth year oc13 curring after January 1, 1997, to reflect

14 changes in the Consumer Price Index (as deter15 mined by the Secretary of Labor) during the

16 preceding 4-year period,

17 rounded to the nearest $500.

18 ‘‘(e) The term ‘‘public official’’ means any elect19 ed official, appointed official, or employee of—

20 ‘‘(1) a Federal, State, or local unit of gov21 ernment in the United States other than—

22 ‘‘(A) a college or university;

23 ‘‘(B) a government-sponsored enter24 prise (as defined in section 3(8) of the
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1 Congressional Budget and Impoundment

2 Control Act of 1974);

3 ‘‘(C) a public utility that provides gas,

4 electricity, water, or communications;

5 ‘‘(D) a guaranty agency (as defined in

6 section 435(j) of the Higher Education Act

7 of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1085(j))), including

8 any affiliate of such an agency; or

9 ‘‘(E) an agency of any State function10 ing as a student loan secondary market

11 pursuant to section 435(d)(1)(F) of the

12 Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C.

13 1085(d)(1)(F));

14 ‘‘(2) a Government corporation (as defined

15 in section 9101 of title 31, United States

16 Code);

17 ‘‘(3) an organization of State or local elect18 ed or appointed officials other than officials of

19 an entity described in subclause (A), (B), (C),

20 (D), or (E) of clause (1);

21 ‘‘(4) an Indian tribe (as defined in section

22 4(e) of the Indian Self-Determination and Edu23 cation Assistance Act (25 U.S.C. 450b(e));

24 ‘‘(5) a national or State political party or

25 any organizational unit thereof; or
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1 ‘‘(6) a national, regional, or local unit of

2 any foreign government.

3 ‘‘(f) The term ‘‘State’’ means each of the sev4 eral States, the District of Columbia, and any com5 monwealth, territory, or possession of the United

6 States.’’.

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