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3 1262 08486 7828 Registry No. 299-4'7 

NATIONAL RECOVERY ADMINISTRATION 

CODE OF FAIR COMPETITION 

FOR THE 

LEATHER CLOTH AND LACQUERED 

FABRICS, WINDOW SHADE CLOTH 

AND ROLLER, AND BOOK CLOTH 

AND IMPREGNATED FABRICS 

INDUSTRIES 

AS A:PPROVED ON MAY 3, 1934 

WE DO OUR PARt 

fA I -: - ---

UNITED STATES 

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 

WASHINGTON: 1934 

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D.C. - - - - - - - - Price 5 cents 

✓ 
Trus publication is for sale by the Supe1intendent of Documents, Government 

Printing Office, Washington, D.C., and by 1district offices of the Bureau of 

Foreign and Domestic Commerce. 

DISTRICT OFFICES OF THE DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE 

Atlanta, Ga. : 504 Post Office Building. 

Birmingham, Ala. : 257 Federal Building. 

Boston, Mass. : 1801 Customhouse. 

Buffalo, N .Y. : Chamber of Com:merce Building. 

Charleston, S.C.: Chamber of Commerce Building. 

Chicago, Ill. : Suite 1706, 201 North Wells Street. Cleveland, Ohio: Chamber of Commerce. 

Dallas, Tex. : Chamber of Commerce Building. 

Detroit, Mich.: 801 First National Bank Building. H ouston, Tex. : Chamber of Commerce Building. 

Indianapolis, Ind. : Chamber of Commerce Building. JacksonYille, Fla. : Chamber of Commerce Building. Kansas City, Mo.: 1028 Baltimore AYenue. 

Los Angeles, Calif.: 1163 South Broadway. 

Louisville, Ky.: 408 F ederal Building. Memphis, Tenn. : 229 Federal Building. l\Iinneapolis, l\Iinn. : 213 Fede::al Building. 

New Orleans, La.: Room 225-A, Customhouse. 

New York, N.Y.: 73-:1 Customhouse. 

Norfolk; Va.: 406 East Plume Street. 

P hiladel1 hia, Pa. : 422 Commercial Trust Building. 

Pittsburgh, Pa.: Chamber of Commerce Building. Portland, Oreg. : 215 New Post Office Building. 

St. Louis, 1\10. : 506 OliYe Street. San Francisco, Calif. : 310 Customhouse. 

Seattle, Wash.: 809 F ederal Office Building. 
Approved Code No. 416 

CODE OF FAIR COMPETITION 

FOR THE 

LEATHER CLOTH AND LACQUERED FABRICS, 

WINDOW SHADE CLOTH AND ROLLER, AND 

BOOK CLOTH AND IMPREGNATED FABRICS 

INDUSTRIES 

As Approved on May 3, 1934 

ORDER 

CODE OF FAIR COMPETITION FOR THE LEATHER CLOTH AND LACQUERED 

F ABRICs, W rNoow SHADE CLOTH AND RoLLER, AND BooK CLOTH 

AND IMPREGNATED FABRICS INDUSTRIES 

An application having been duly made pursuant to and in full 

compliance with the provisions of Title I of the National Industrial 

Recovery Act, approved June 16, 1933, for approval of a Code of 

Fair Competition for the Leather Cloth and Lacquered Fabrics, 

Window Shade Cloth and Roller, and Book Cloth and Impregnated 

Fabrics Industries, and hearings having been duly held thereon and 

the annexed report on said Code, containing finding with respect 

thereto, having been made and directed to the President: 

NOW, THEEEFORE, on behalf of the President of the United 

States, I, Hugh S. Johnson, Administrator for Industrial Recovery, 

pursuant to authority vested in me by Executive Orders of the 

President, including Executive Order No. 6543-A, dated December 

30, 1933, and otherwise; do hereby incorporate by reference said 

ai;mexed report and do find that said Code complies in all respects 

with the pertinent provisions and will promote the policy and purposes of said Title of said Act; and do hereby order that said Code 

of Fair Competition be and it is hereby approved; provided, however, that the provisions of Article VIII, Section 2, Sub-Section (b), 

insofar as they prescribe a waiting period between the filing with 

the Code Authority (i.e. actual receipt by the Code Authority) and 

the effective date of revised price lists or revised terms and conditions of sale be and they are hereby stayed pending my further 

order; and provided further that the pr_ovisions of Article VIII, 

Section 2, Sub-section ( f) and Article IX, Section 16 be and they 

56684°-544-20--34 (607) 
608 

are hereby stayed pending further hearing and determination of 

the issues involved; and provided further that Article XIV, Sections 

2, 3 and 4 are deleted. 

H UGHS. JOHNSON, 

Administrata1· for Industrial R ecovery. 

Approval recommended: 

H. 0. ICrNG, 

Division Ad/ministrator. 

w ASIDNGTON, D.C., 

May 3, 1934. 
REPORT TO THE PRESIDENT 

The PRESIDENT, 

The White House. 

Sm: This is a report on the Code of Fair Competition for the 

Leather Cloth and Lacquered Fabrics, Window Shade Cloth and 

Roller, and Book Cloth and Impregnated Fabrics Industries, as 

proposed by the Institute of Leather Cloth and Lacquered Fabric 

Manufacturers, the Windo" Shade Institute and the Institute of 

Book Cloth and Impregnated Fabrics Manufacturers. These institutes claim to represent 90%, 95%, and 85% of the respective 

industries. 

The hearing was conducted in Washington, D.C. on November 

22nd, 1933. Every person who requested an appearance was freely 

heard in accordance with statutory and regulatory requirements. 

The Code was presented by duly qualified and authm·izecl representatives of the Industries. 

DESCRIPTION OF INDUSTRIES 

This code covers three distinct industries, and originally each 

group submitted a code of its own. It was found that many manufacturers were engaged in more than one industry, and for that 

reason, the three were combined into one code for purposes of 

simplication. In order to give a more clear description, this report 

will treat each industry separately. 

LEATHER CLOTH AND LACQUERED FABRICS INDUSTRY 

This group is compo eel of 20 concerns employing approximately 

2,000 persons in the first half of 1933. In August of that year the 

industry voluntarily adopted the wage and hour provisions of the 

present code and employment was increased to 2,400 employees. 

The original code included a limitation on the hours of operation 

of machiner and a provision which would have required a license 

from the Administrator in order to . install additional productive 

machinery. At the time of the hearing, these two clauses were 

objected to by four firms representing 20% of the industry by number and approximately 40 % in volume of production. Following 

this other firms who had previously favored these two clauses 

changed their position un.til the objectors amounted to approximately 50% of the volume of business. Because qf this, both of 

these provisions have been deleted because of lack of sufficient support by the industry, even though there had been a showing that 

the productive capacity of the industry was considerably in excess 

of the actual sales. 

(609) 
610 

It was never determined whether or not this leeway in potential 

production is not necessary for this particular industry. The demand for leather cloth fluctuates considerably and orders for immediate shipment will pile in rapidly for a brief period and then drop 

just as suddenly to a very low basis. A condition of this kind requires excess machinery, which may be idle a good part of the time, 

in order to meet the production needs at peaks of business. 

WINDOW SHADE CLOTH AND ROLLER INDUSTRY 

This industry is composed of 29 concerns which before voluntarily 

agreeing on the wage and hour provisions of the present code 

employed 2050 persons. This increased 20% to 2469 employees after 

the voluntary action of the industry. 

This group finishes cotton cloth in such a manner as to produce 

window shade cloth and they also make window shade rollers. 

Only these operations are covered by this code. 

BOOK CLOTH AND IMPREGNATED FABRICS 

This is the smallest of the three industries and is composed of 

eight concerns employing 392 persons. This figure was increased 

approximately 20% after the voluntary adoption last August of 

the present hour provisions of the code. 

LABOR PROVISIONS 

All three industries have the same hours of labor. With certain 

exceptions, hours are limited to forty per week without any limitation on the number of hours per day an employee may work. The 

industry is wholly in accord with the principal of an eight hour clay, 

but been.use they are to a considerable extent continuous pro ess 

industries involving the use and application of chemicals and chemical compounds, it is impractical to limit the daily hours of employees. It is provided that all hours in excess of eight per day shall 

be reported monthly to the Code Authority. Employees engaged 

in the operation of 1nachines when used as a part of a continuous 

prooess, the interruption of which ,yould jeopardize or spoil goods, 

may work up to forty-four hours per week. 

"\Vages vary in the different industries. In the Leather Cloth 

Industry, the minimum is 40¢ per hour, except for office employees 

where the ra.te is $14.00 per week. 

In the vVindow Shades Industry the wages are as follows : 

Northern Section ________________________________ _________ ___ _______________________ _ Southern Section _______ ___ __________________________________ ______ __ _____ _____ _____ _ 

Malo Female 

Cents 

35 

32h 

Cenl,q 

32H 

30 

The Bookcloth Industry has a minimum wage o:f 35¢ an hour in 

the North and 321⁄2¢ an hour in the South. All three industries 

provide a minimum wage for office boys and girls of $11.20 und 
611 

the usual provisions regarding the employment of aged and infirm 

employees. 

FINDINGS 

The Deputy Administrator in his final report to me on sa.id Code 

having found as herein set forth and on the basis of all the proceedings in this matter ; 

I find that: 

(a) Said Code is well designed to promote the policies and purposes of Title I of the National Industrial Recovery Act, including 

removal o,f obstructions to the free flow of interstate and foreign 

commerce which tend to diminish the amount thereof and will provide for the general welfare by promoting the organization of industry for the purpose of cooperative action among the trade groups, 

by inducing and maintaining united action of labor and management under adequate governmental sanctions and supervision, by 

eliminating unfair competitive practices, by pr01noting the fullest 

possible utilization of the present productive capacity of industries, 

by avoiding undue restriction of production ( except as may be 

temporarily required), by increasing the consumption of industrial 

and agricultural products through increasing purchasing power, by 

reducing and relieving unemployment, by improving standards of 

labor, and by otherwise rehabilitating industry. 

(b) Said Industries normally employ not more than 50,000 employees; and are not classified by me as majQr industries. 

( c) The Code as approved complies in all respects with the pertinent provisions of said Title of said Act, including without limitation Subsection (a) of Section 3, Subsection (a) of Section 7, and 

Subsection (b) of Section 10 thereof; and that the applicant associations are industrial associations truly representative of the aforesaid Industries; and that said associations impose no inequitable 

restrictions on admission to membership therein. 

( d) The Code is not designed to and will not permit monopolies 

or monopolistic practices. 

( e) The Code is not designed to and will not eliminate or oppress 

small enterprises and will not operate to discriminate against them. 

( f) Those engaged in other steps of the economic process have 

not been deprived of the right to be heard prior to approval of said 

Code. 

For these reasons, the Code has been approved. 

Respectfully, 

MAY 3, 1934. 

HUGH s. JOHNSON, 

Admin-istrator. 
CODE OF FAIR COMPETITION FOR THE LEATHER 

CLOTH AND LACQUERED FABRICS; WINDOvV SHADE 

CLOTH AND ROLLER; AND BOOK CLOTH AND I~IPREG N ATED FABRICS INDUSTRIES 

ARTICLE I-PURPOSES 

1. To effectuate the policies of Title I of the National Industrial 

Recovery Act, the following provisions are established as a Code of 

Fair Competition for the Leather Cloth and Lacquered Fabrics; 

,Vindow Shade Cloth and Roller; and Book Cloth and Impregnated 

Fabrics Industries, and shall be the standards of fair competition for 

these Industries, and shall be binding upon every member thereof. 

AnTICLE II-DEFINITIONS 

1. "Lea.ther Cloth Industry" means and includes the manufacture 

or manufacture and sale of all pyroxylin coated leather cloth and 

lacquered fabrics, including like pyroxylin coa.ted paper base products, by any corporation, its sub$diary and/ or affiliate, firm or 

individual. 

2. "Window Shade Cloth and Roller Industry" means and includes the manufacture and sale of window shade cloth and/or window shade rollers, and window shades when manufactured and sold 

at wholesale only by those who also manufacture and sell window 

shade cloth and/ or window shade rollers, whether by a corporation, 

its subsidiary and/ or affiliate, firm or individual. 

3. "Book Cloth Industry" means and jncludes the manufacture 

or manufacture and sale of book cloths and/ or impregnated fabrics 

for bookbinding purposes, by any corporation, its subsidiary and/ or 

affJi_ate, finn or individual. 

4. "Industries" means and includes the industries defined in sec- tions 1, 2 and 3 hereof. 

5. "Institute" as applied to said respective Industries, means : 

(a) Institute of Leather Cloth and Lacquered Fabrics :lYianufac- turers; 

(b) Window Shade Institute; 

( c) Institute of Book Cloth and Impregnated Fabrics JYianurac- tu-rers · 

6. "Secretary" ' means the Secretary or active manager of the 

Institute. 

7. "President", "Act", and "Administrator" as used herein mean 

respectively the President of the United States, Title I o:f the 

National Industrial Recovery Act, and the Administrator £or Industrial Recovery. 

8. " J\'Ie"mber of the Industry " includes, but without limitation, 

any indiYidual, partnership, association, corporation or other form 

(612) 
613 

of enterprise engaged in the Industries either as an employer or on 

his or its own behalf. 

9. "Employee ' as used herein includes any person engaged in 

the Industries, however compensated, except a member of the 

Industry. _ 10. " Sub criber to the Code" means any member of the Indu - tries who shall expres ly, in writing or otherwise, assent to this 

Code. 

11. "Southern Section" as mentioned in Article IV includes the 

following States : Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Mississippi, 

North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, West Virginia. 

ARTICLE III-HouRs OF L ABOR . 1. No employee shall be permitted to work more than forty ( 40) 

hours per week with the following exceptions: 

(a) Employees engaged in the operation of machines when used 

as part of a continuous process, the interruption of which would 

jeopardize or spoil goods, shall be .permitted to work not more than 

:forty-four ( 44) hours in any one week. 

(b) To meet periods of unusual demand a tolerance of ninety-six 

(96) hours per year in excess of the maximum hours specified herein 

may be allowed, provided that no employee shall be perrnitterl to 

work in excess of forty-eight ( 48) hours in any one week. All hours 

worked in excess of eight ( 8) hours per day or in exces of forty 

( 40) hours per week shall be reported monthly to the Code 

Authority. 

2. The foregoing limitations shall not apply to the following 

employees. 

(a) Persons occupying executive and administrative positions, and 

their personal secretaries, supervisors and chemists receiving thirtyfive dollars ($35.00) per week or more; laboratory assistants receiving twenty-five dollars ($25.00) per week or more; and outside 

salesmen. 

(b) Repairmen, firemen, engineers, electricians and shipping 

crews shall not be permitted to work in excess of forty ( 40) hours 

per week with a tolerance of ten (10) per cent, except when engaged 

in emergency maintenance and/ or emergency repair work; provic1ed 

that time and one-third ( 1/ 3 ) shall be paid for hours worked by 

such employees in excess of forty-four (44) hours per week. 

(c) \Vatchmen hall not be employed in excess of fifty- ~ix (56) 

hours in any_ one week, and not more than six (6) day. in any r·even 

(7) day per10d. 

( cl) Truckmen shall not be employed in excess of one hundred 

and ninety-two (192) hours in any consecutive four ( 4) weeks' period, nor in excess of one hundred and eight (108) hours in any two 

week period, nor more than twelve (12) days in any fourteen (14) 

day period. 

ARTICLE IV-MrNil\IUM WAGES 

1. Leather Cloth Indu~try.-(a) Except as hereinafter provided 

in sub ection (b) of this section, and in section 4 o:f this Article IV, 

no employee in the Leather Cloth Industry shall be paid less than 

at the rate of forty ( 40) cents per hour. 

56684°-544-20-34-2 
614 

(b) .l.. To accouniin<>' clerical, office, . en·ice or ~·ales employee in the 

Leather ( loth In lu~tr3 shall be paid le than at the rate of fourteen 

dollar ($14.00) per week. 

2. Trindow hadc Cloth and Roller lndustry.-Except as hereinafter pro-,icle 1 in ection 4: of thi Article I no male employee in 

the Window hade Cloth and Roller Indu try hall be paid less 

than at the rate of thirt3 -fr,e (35) cents per hour and no female 

employee l s than at the rate of thirty-byo and one-half (321⁄2) 

cent per hour e:s:cept that in the Southern Section no male employee hall be paid le than at the rate of thirty-two and onehalf (321⁄2) cent per hour, and no female employee shall be paid 

les than at the rate of thirty (30) cents per hour. 

3. Book Cloth lndustry.-E:s:cept as hereinafter pro-vided in section 4 of"this Article IV, no employee in the Book Cloth Industry 

hall be paid less than at the rate of thirt -five (35) cents per hour; 

except that in the outhern Section no employee shall be paid less 

than at the rate of thirty-two and one-half (321⁄2) cents per hour. 

4. The l ndustries.- (a) The minimum wage rates specified in the 

next preceding section 1 2 and 3 shall not apply to the following: 

Office boys and girls during a six (6) months' apprenticeship_., 

who shall be paid not le than at the rate of ele'"°en dollar and 

twenty cents ( 11.20) per neek · provided that such office boys and 

girls hall not exceed five ( 5) per cent of the total office employees 

of any employer· but each employer may have at least one each 

of uch employee . 

A per on who e earning capacity is limited because of age physical 

or mental handicap or other infirmity may be employed on light 

work at a wage below the minimum established by this code if the 

employer obtain from the State Authority de igna.,_.ed by the United 

St ate Department of Labor a certificate authorizing such person's 

employment at such wage and for such hours as shall be stated 

in the c rtificate. Such authority shall be guided by the in truction of the nited State Department of Labor in issuing certificates to uch persons. Each emplo3 er shall file monthly with the 

Code Authority a li t of all uch per ons employed by him, bowing 

the "TT'ages paid to and the maximum hour of work for such 

employee. 

(b) This Article e tabli hes minimum rates of pay which shall 

applY, irrespecti-ve of whether an employee is actually compensated 

on a time rate, piece-work, or other ba is. 

( c) All rates ?f pay shall be e.quitably adju ted by any employer 

who has not pnor to the effecbYe date hereof made such adjustments, but in no ca e shall the hourly rate or piece rates be reduced. 

All such adjustments shall be reported to the Code Authority and 

the Admini trator within thirty (30) days after the effe ctfre date of 

this Code. ( d) F emale employees performing sub t antially the same work 

a male employees shall receive the sam0 rate of pay a ma le 

employee -. 

RTI CLE V - GENERAL LABOR PROYI IONS 

1. Llf inors.- o per on under sixteen (16) years of age shall be 

employed in the Industries. o per on under eighteen (18) year 
615 

of age shall be employed at operations or occupations which are 

hazardous in nature or dangerous to health. The Code Authority 

shall submit to the Administrator within sixty ( 60) days after 

the effective date of this Code, a list of such operations or occupations. In any State an employer shall be deemed to have complied 

with this provision as to age if he shall have on file a certificate or 

permit duly signed by the A1lthority in such State empowered to 

issue employment or age certificates or permits showing that the 

employee is of the required age. 

2. Statitto1·y P1·ov·isions.-(a) Employees shall have the right to 

organize and bargain collectively through representatiYes of their 

own choosing, and shall be free from the interference, restraint or 

coercion of employers or their agents in the designation of such 

representatives, or in self-organization, or in other concerted activities for the purpose of collective bargaining or other mutual aid or 

protection. 

(b) No employee and no one eeking employment shall be required as a condition of employment, to join any company union, or 

to refrain from joining, organizing or assisting a labor organization 

of his 011n choosing. 

( c) Employers shall comply with the maximum hours of labor, 

minimum rates of pay, and other conditions of employment, apprm eel 

or prescribed by the President. 

3. Reclassification of Em,ployees.-Employees may be as igned to 

different kinds of work, but employers shall not reclassify employees 

or duties of occupations performed by employees, or adopt through 

contractual relations or otherwise any method or practice, which 

would be in effect a subterfuge of or in conflict with the provisions 

of this Code. 

4 . .ApJJlication 01· State Laws.-'\Vithin each State members of the 

Industries shall comply with any la11s of such State imposing upon 

employers more stringent requirements relating to hours of work or 

wages than under this Code. 

5. Em.,ployen-Diff erent lnclusfries.-If any employer in these 

Industries is also an employer of labor in any other Industry not 

conffed by this Code, the provisions of this Code shall apply to and 

affect only that part of his business which is included in these 

Industries. 6. Safety ancl H ealth.-Every employer shall make reasonable 

provisions for the safety and health of his employees at the place 

and during the hours of their employment. 

7. Posting Provisions.-Each employer shall post in conspicuous 

places acce sible to employees provisions of this Code in accordance 

with rule and regulations of the Administrator. 

RTICLE VI-P AilTICIPATION 

1. The €:xpense of administering the Code shall be borne by the 

member of the Industries. The Code Authority may from time to 

time equitably pro-rate between the respective Industries such 

expenses as may be reasonably and necessarily incurred by the Code 

Authority in administering this Code, subject to the approval of the 

Administrator, insofar as the same relate to matters affecting all 
616 

these Industries and uch expenses hall be payable as the Code 

Authority hall specify. 

2. Each Control Committee for the respective Industries may 

cause to be made such as essments against the member of the particular Industry as the Control Committee for such Industry shall 

deem reasonable and proper for the expenses of administering this 

Code as applied to the particular Industry, subject to the approval 

of the Administrator, and such assessments shall be payable as the 

Control Committee in each instance shall specify. 

3. The expenses and assessments referred to shall be diYided among 

the members of each Industry according to the relation each mem-. 

ber's domestic dollar sales bear to the total domestic dollar sales of 

all members in such Industry for the last preceding calendar year, 

or such other method as may be equitable. 

ARTICLE VII-AoMINISTRA'rION 

l. Administrative Agencies.-To further effectuate the policies of 

the Act, Control Committees, representing each of said Industries, 

and a Code Authority representing all of said Industries, are hereby 

constituted to cooperate with each other and with the Administrator 

in the administration of this Code. 

2. Control OommJttees-Election, Ni1,m,be1·, Term.-(a) A Control 

Committ€e for each of aid Industries shall be elected by the members thereoi who n.re entitled to participate in the selection of each 

of said Committees. 

(b) The number of the members of each of aid Control Committee shall be determined by the members of each Industry, and 

they shall serve for one year after their election, and until their 

succe sor have been similarly elected. 

3. Oode A.uthon'ty-Election, Niunb er, Terni.-The Code Au~ 

thority shall consist of three members from each of said Industries, 

elected by the members thereof. The members of said Code Authority shall ~erv•e for one year and until their successors shall have 

been elected in the same manner, unless all of said Industries by a 

majority vote of their members should provide for a different number 

of members, but in any event each Industry shall be equally represented on the Code Authority. 

4. A.dm,ini tration R e7J1•esentatives.-The Administrator may appoint a men1ber or members without vote and without expense to 

the Industries on the Code Authority and on each of the Control 

Committees. 

5. Oonfrol 001nrnittees-Oode Awthority-Ohairman, Voting, 

Quor1.t1n, V a.cancies.-The Control Committees and the Code Authority shall elect their own Chairman; a majority of the members 

of each of aid Committees and of the Code Authority shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business. Each member thereof 

shall he entitled to one vote, and in the event of an equal division on 

any question the Chairman in each instance shall cast the deciding 

vote. Any vacancy occurring in any of said Committees or on the 

Code Authority shall be filled for the unexpired portion of the particular term in the same manner as that provided for the original 

election of the members to the respective Committees and to the Code 

Authority. 
617 

6. Control Oommittees-Oode Autho1'ity-Duties, Powers.-(a) 

Subject to regulations issued by the Administrator, the respective 

Control Committees and the Code Authority shall supervise and 

administer the provisions of this Code, and at their own instance or 

upon the complaint of any person affected, may cause investigations 

to be made concerning the observance of the same. If complaint be 

made to any of such Control Committees or to the Code Authority, 

as the case may be, that any provision of this Code has been violated 

by any member o:f the Industries, the particrrlar Control Committee 

or the Code Authority having charge of the matter involved, may 

require such member to furnish to the Secretary of the Institute 

representing the Industry involved, data pertinent to such complaint, 

or investigation, certified under oath, if requested by the interested 

Control Committee or the Code Authority. The findings of such 

investigation shall be reported· by the Secretary of the particular 

Control Committee and/or the Code Authority, which in turn shall 

report its findings and recommendations to the Administrator. 

(b) The duties and powers of the respective Control Committees 

shall be limited to such provisions of the Code as are applicable only 

to the particular Industry represented by the respective Control 

Con11nittees, provided, proposals pertinent t o matters affectini more 

than one of said Industries may be initiated by any of said vontrol 

Committees and the same shall be submitted to the Code Authority. 

( c) The duties and powers of the Cod8 Authority shall be limited 

to such provisions of the Code as are applicable to all 0£ said 

Industries. 

( c1) In the event of a conflict or controversy pertinent to this Code 

between and among said Industries, the Code Authority shall act 

as an arbitral agency to effect an equitable settlem.ent of such n1.atters. 

7. Control Oo11i1nittees-Oocle A1.dhority-Rep·resentativeness.-In 

order that each Control Committee and the Code Authority shall at 

all times be truly representative of the respective Industry and the 

Industries and in other respects comply with the provisions of the 

Act, no two (2) men1bers of any Control Committee or the Code 

Authority shall be affiliated with any single member of the Industry, and the Administrator may prescribe for such hearings as he 

rn.ay deem proper, and thereafter, if he should find that any of said 

Control Committees or the Code Authority is not truly representative, or does not in other respects comply with the provisions of the 

Act the Administrator may require an appropriate modification of 

the method of selection 0£ the men1bers 0£ any of said Control 

Committees or the Code Authority. 

8. Pm·ticivating Assocfotions.-Each trade or industrial association directly or indirectly participating in the selection or actiYities 

of the Code Authority shall : 

(a) Impose no inequitable restrictions on membership therein. 

(b) Submit to the A 1ministrator true copies of their Constitu-

. tions, By-Laws, Regulations and Amendments thereto, and such 

other information pertaining to membership therein, organization 

thereof, and activities, as the Administrator may deem neces ary to 

effectuate the provisions of this Code. 

9. lnd'i1,stry 11[ eetings.-( a) l\1eetings of all the members of each 

0£ the Industries may be held from time to time for the purpose of 
618 

consider.ing and acting upon any matters relating to the administration of this Code. Upon request to the Code Authority, signed by 

any three members of the Industry, for an Industry meeting, the 

Code Authority shall forthwith call such meeting, by causing notice, 

not less than five ( 5) days in advance of such meeting, to be given 

to all other Industry members, specifying therein the purpose of the 

meeting and the time and place for holding the same. (b) Each member of the Industry shall be entitled to one vote, 

either by company representative or duly authorized proxy. The 

presence of a majority in numbers of members of the Industry shall 

be necessary for the holding of an Industry meeting. Provided, 

however, that a majority vote in numbers, and value of sales for the 

last preceding calendar year of those members who are in attendance or who are so represented at any such meeting, shall be necessary for the determination of any question, but a lesser number may 

adjourn the meeting from time to time. 

10. Related I ndustries.-The Code Authority, and any of said 

Control Committees, may recommend to the Administrator matters 

regarding coordination of the administration of this Code with 

the Code of any related Industry, with a view of providing joint 

and harmonious action regarding matters of common interest and 

in furtherance of the purpose of the Act. 

11. Administration, Code Authority Action.-Any action taken by 

any of such Control Committees or the Code Authority, or any agency 

thereof, in administering this Code may be submitted to the Administrator for approval and shall in any case be subject to disapproval by the Administrator. If the Administrator shall determine that any action of any of the Control Committees or the Code 

Authority, or any agency thereof, may be unfair, unjust or contrary 

to the public interest, the Administrator ma.y require that such action 

be suspended to afford an opportunity for investigation of the merits 

of such action and further consideration by any of such Control 

Committees or the Code Authority, or agency thereof, pending final 

action, which shall not be effected unless the Administrator approves, 

or unless he shall fail to disapprove, after thirty (30) days notice to 

him of intention to proceed with such action in its origina.l or modified form. 

ARTICLE VIII-REPORTS 

1. (a) In order to .inform the Administrator and the members of 

these Industries, and for the purpose of determining whether the 

provisions of this Code are being observed, the members of the 

respective Industries shall furnish to the Secretaries of their respective Institutes, in such form and manner, and at such times, as may 

be designated by their respective Control Committees, reports of 

Wages, Hours of Labor, Conditions of Employment, Number of Employees, Volume of Production, Volume of Sales and/or Shipments Billed, Stocks on Hand; and other m.atters pertaining to the 

provisions of this Code, and as the Code Authority and the respective Control Committees may require £or the administration thereof. 

In addition to information required to be submitted to any Code 

Authority, all or any of the persons subject to this Code shall furnish such statistical information as the Administrator may deem 
619 

necessary £or the purposes recited in Section 3 (a) o:f the Act to 

such Federal and State agencie.s as the Administrator may designate; nor shall anything in any Code relieve any person of existing 

obligations to furnish reports to Governm.ent agencies. No inclividual reports shall be disclosed to any other member o.f the industry or any other party except to such governmental agencies as 

may be directed by the President. 

(b) All reports required by this Code to be furni,shed shall be 

certified under oath, if required by the Control Committee or the 

Code Authority, and they shall be deemed confidential and shall 

not be divulged to any member of the Industry or the Industries 

except in summary; provided, that where summary information in 

effect designates the identity of any individual member's reports, 

it shall not be revealed to any member of the Industries, but shall 

be made available to the Administrator upon his reque.st, and may 

be used if necessary in the administration of this Code. 

2. (a) At such time as the members of the Leather Cloth and/or 

Book Cloth Industries may determine, each member o.f said Leather 

Cloth and Book Cloth Industries shall file with the Secretary of the 

Institute representing his Indu;;try the following: 

(1) Each mei;nber of the Leather Cloth Industry shall file with 

the Secretary of the Institute a complete list of said Industry's 

standard products now on record or which may later be recorded 

with said Institute, including a complete description of such goods, 

construction, color and finish thereof. 

(2) Each member of the Leather Cloth Inclu,stry shaH file with 

the Secretary of the Institute, his price schedules, price lists, and 

discount sheets, covering all said products of said Industry, including therein base prices, net prices, delivery points~ terms, discounts, 

allowances~ and all conditions relating to or in any wise affecting 

any sale of such goods, whereupon the Institut~ shall immediately 

cause copies of the same to be sent to members of the Industry. 

(3') Each Member of the Book Cloth Industry shall file with the 

Secretary of the Institute, his price schedules, price lists, and discount sheets, for all classes of customers covering all products of said 

Industry, including therein base prices, net prices, delivery points, 

terms, discounts, allowances, and all conditions relating to or in any 

wise affecting .any sale of such goods, whereupon the Institute shall 

frnmediutely cause copies of the same to be sent to members of the 

Industry. These shall be available to all interested parties. 

(b) Revised price schedules, price lists, discount sheets, and con- ditions of sale may be so filed by the respective members of the 

Leather Cloth and Book Cloth Industries from time to time there- after, effective upon the dates specified therein, provided the sam-c 

shall be filed with the Secretaries of the respective Institutes not 

less than three (3) days in advance of the effective dates thereof. ( c) If, in the event of any such revi -ion by _any member of either 

of said Industries, another member of the same Industry should elect 

to file a revision of his price schedules, price li ts, discount sheets, 

terms and conditions of sale to meet such 1·evisions, such subsequently 

filed revisions muy be made effective upon the date when the revi ions 

first filed in the particular Industry shrrll go into effect. Copies cf 

any such revisions of price lists mentioned in this Sub-Section ( c) 
620 

and the preceding Sub-Section (b), with notice of the effective dates 

of the same, shall be similarly and promptly distributed. 

( d) No member of the Leather Cloth or Book Cloth Industries 

shall sell, directly or indirectly, by any means whatsoever, any products of said Industries at a price lower or at discounts greater or on 

more favorable conditions of sale or terms of payment than those 

provided in his current price schedules, price li ts and/or discount 

sheets, filed and distributed as herein provided. 

( e) Wben the Control Conunittee for the Leather Cloth Industry 

determines that an emergency exists in the Industry and that the 

cause thereof is destructive price cutting such as to render ineffec- tive or seriously to endanger the maintenance of the provisions of 

this Code, the said Control Committee may cause to be determined 

the reasonable cost of the products of the Industry, such determination to be subject to such notice and hearing as the Administrator 

may require. The Administrator may approve, disapprove, or 

modify this determination. Thereafter, during the period of the 

emergency, it shall be an unfair trade practice for any member of 

the Industry to- sell or offer: to sell any products of the Industry for 

which the reasonable cost has been determined at prices and/or upon 

such terms or conditions of sale, that the buyer will pay less therefor 

than the reasonable cost of such products. 

When it appears that conditions have changed, said Control Committee upon its own initiative or upon the request of any interested 

party, shall cause the determination to be reviewed. 

( f) Many members of these Industries sell their products to industrial users, retailers, jobbers, wholesalers, distributors and converters. 

Accordingly, members of these Industries may enter into agreements 

relating to the resale of the products of these Industries at prices 

and upon terms, discounts or conditions which are not less, nor more 

favorable to the purchaser thereof than those contained in the schedule or schedules of any member of these Industries, who may be a 

party to any such agreement, in effect at the time of any such resale 

or resales. 

(g) Any member of the Window Shade Cloth and Roller Industry may, if he should elect, file with the Secretary of the Window 

Shade Institute any or all of such statistical reports, data and other 

information not herein expressly required by this Code to be furnished by the members of the Window Shade Cloth and Roller 

Industry, for similar distribution and observance of the same as set 

forth in this Article VIII. 

ARTICLE IX-UNFAIR TRADE PRACTICES 

The following acts, which constitute unfair trade practices, are a 

violation of this Code : 

1. I nter/ ere1We wit!i EaJistvng Oonflracts.-Knowingly interfere 

with an existing contract for the sale and purchase of products of 

the Industry induce, attempt to induce or assist a party to break 

such a contract, after the contract therefor has been placed with 

another selling member of the Industry or offer lower prices or 

better t 0 rms to induce or attempt to induce a revision of any such 

existing contract. 
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2. Oo1nmercial Bribery.-Give, permit to be given, or directly 

offer to give, anything of value for the purpose o:f influencing or 

rewarding the action of any employee, agent, or representatfre o:f 

another in relation to the business of the employer of such employee, 

the principal of such agent or the represented party, without the 

knowledge of such employer, principal or party. This provision 

shall not be construed to prohibit free and general distribution of 

articles commonly used :for advertising, except so far as such articles 

are actually used for commercial bribery as hereinabove defined. 

3. Defamation of Oompetito1's.-Willfully make, cause or permit 

to be made or published, any false statements or misrepresentations 

of or concerning the business, policies, methods or products of a 

competitor. 

4. Piracy of Tracle 11f arlcs.-Imitate trade marks, trade names, 

slogans or other marks of identification of another member of the 

Industry. 5. False Advertising.-l\Iake cause or permit to be made or published any false, untrue, or deceptive statement by way of advertis- ing or otherwise, concerning any grade, quality, ubstancc, character, 

origin or preparation of any product of the Industry. 

6. Misbrarnding.-Falsely mark or brand packages or products of 

the Industry, for the purpose or with the effect of misleading or deceiving purchasers or others with respecL to quality) quantity, char- acter, grade or substance thereof. 

7. False l nvoicing.-(a) Withhold from or inert in in 'oice facts 

which would make the invoice a false record wholly or in part of the 

transaction in question, or make any arrangement which would 

~ont~mplate payment or settlement contrary to the face of the 

1nv01ce. 

(This Rule No. 7 (a) shall apply to only the Leather Cloth and 

Book Cloth Indrn,tries.) 

(b) 1"\ ithhold from or insert in invoice facts which would make 

the invoice a false record wholly or in part o,f the transaction in 

question or make any arrangement which -would contemplate payment or settlement contrary to the face of the in,oice except as 

might be indicated on the invoice. 

(This Rule No. 7 (b) shall apply to only the YTindow Shade Cloth 

and Roller Industry.) 

8. Post-Date 01· P1·e-Date Contract or l nvofoe.-Post-date or predate contracts or inYoices covering products of the Indu try. 

9. Secret Rebates.-Pa. or allow secretly, rebates refunds, 

commi ·sions or di~counts, whethtff in the form of money or 

other-wise. 10. R equfrem.ent Oontracts.-Accept Requirement Contracts. All 

contracts or order shall be for a definite yardage with not more 

than a plus or minus tolerance of ten ( 10) per cent and for 

deliveries -n-ithin a definite period· and in the case of book cloth of a 

specified grade and width. 

(This Rule I o. 10 shall apply to only the Leather loth and Book 

Cloth Industries.) 

11. Disposition of Non-Pr-·111,e Mate1·ials.-Sell seconds, pound 

goods, scrap slow moving tock. et . dome tically below seller's 

minimum price for prime quality in exce s of five ( 5) per cent by 
622 

volume of his sales in any three ( 3) months. If any manufacturer 

has an accumulation of more than five ( 5) per cent of such goods, 

such case shall be referred to the Control Committee for equitable 

disposition, subject to review by the Administrator. All such nonprime material to be plainly described on tags, in acknowledgments 

of order, and in invoices therefor. 

(This Rule No. 11 shall apply to only the Leather Cloth Industry.) 

12. Guaranty AgaiWJt Price Decline.-Guarantee against price 

decline except as the same may be limited to the decline of the par- ticular member of the Industry, and such guaranty shall apply only 

to goods which are not delivered. 

( This Rule No. 12 shall apply to only the Window Shade Cloth 

and Roller Industry.) 

13. Consiqn1nents.-Ship products of the Window Shade Cloth 

and Roller Industry on consignment, exc·ept under circumstances to 

be defined by the Code Authority where peculiar conditions of . the 

Industry require this practice. 

14. Advertising Allowances.-Do cooperative advertising with 

customers or with distributors of customers' products or make any 

advertising allowances, directly or indirectly, or offer free advertising to induce a sale as relating to products of the Leather Cloth and 

Book Cloth Industries. 

(This Rule No. 14 shall apply to the Leather Cloth Industry only 

as and when Article VIII, Section 2 o:f this Code shall become 

operative.) 

15. Used or Second Hanel 11/ateriail.-Sell or offer to sell any 

finished window shades in which either cloth or rollers have been 

previously used without specifically stating on the label of the article 

and in the invoice for the same, that such parts were previously used 

or second-hand. 

16. Custom Coating and/or Filling.-Coat and/ or fill customer's 

fabrics, or paper base products or do so-called custom coating and/ or 

custom filling to produce products of a type comparable with the 

usual or standard products of the Industries, except with permission 

of the Control Committee of the particular Industry, or take title 

to any material with the intent of evading this provision. Should 

this provision work an unjust hardship on any member of the 

Industry or on any customer, such member or customer may appeal 

to the Administrator who shall have power to grant such exemption 

or stay as justice may require. 

ARTICLE X-IMPORTS 

The Control Committee and/ or the Code Authority may inform 

the President of the United States or the Administrator on behalf 

of the respective Industries as to importations of competitive articles 

into the United States selling on a price basis which under-sells similar products of domestic manufacture, and the extent to which said 

under-selling shall render ineffective or seriously interfere with the 

maintenance of any of the provisions of this Code, and which may 

be made the basis for complaint to the President or the Administrator 

on behalf o-f th 0 particular Industry, in accordance with Section 

3 ( e) of Title I of the Act. 
623 

ARTICLE XI-EXPORTS 

Except as may be subsequently set forth in a. specific or supplementary Export Code for the Industries, the provisions of this Code now 

or hereafter adopted with regard to prices, discounts, deductions, 

allowances, extras, commissions, or methods and/ or terms of sale, 

are not to apply to direct export sales or to sales in course of export, i.e., sales agreed to be destined for export. 

ARTICLE XII-RECO:OIMENDATIONS, Al\IENDl\fENTS 

1. Such of the provisions o:f this Code us are not required to be 

included therein by the Act may, with the a.pproYal of the President, 

or Administrator, be modified or elirninated as changes in the circumstances or experience may indicate. It is contemplated that front 

time to time supplementary provisions to this Code or additional 

Codes will be submitted for the approval of the President to preYent 

unfair competition in price and other unfair and destructive competitive practices and to effectuate other purposes and policies of Title I 

of the Act consistent with the provisions thereof. 

2. The Control Committees and/or the Code Authority may from 

time to time make r ecommendations to the Administrator r elating to 

the provisions of this Code nnd affecting the Industries which will 

tend to effectuate the operation of the provisions of this Code and 

the policy of the Act, and such r ecommendations, when approved by 

the Administrator after such hearings as he may determine, shall 

h ave the same force and effect as any other provision of this Code. 

AnTicLE XIII-Mo:xoPOLIES 

No prov1s10n of this Code shall be so applied as to permit monopolies or monopolistic practices, or to eliminate, oppress, or discriminate against small enterprises. 

ARTICLE XIV- GENERAL PnonsrnNs 

1. This Code and the provisions thereof are expressly made subject to the right of the President, in accordance with the proYisions 

of subsection (b) of Section 10 of the Act, from time to time to 

cancel or modify any order, approval, license, rule, or regulation 

issued under Title I of said Act. 

2. By presenting this Code, members of these Industries do not 

thereby consent to any modification thereof and they hereby reserve 

the right to object individually or jointly, to any such modification. 

3. By presenting this Code, those assenting hereto are not thereby 

waiving any of their constitutional rights which may be infringed 

by any of the provisions cf the Act. 

4. The provisions of this Code relating to the manufacture, or 

manufacture and sale of products of the e Industries shall govern 

to the exclusion of the provisions of any other Code. 

5. The effective date of this Code shall be 12: 01 A. l\tI. the second 

:Monday after approval. 

Approved Code No. 416. 

Registry No. 299-47. 

0