2005 D e c i sion s O p inion s of the U nit e d S t a t e s C our t of Appe al s for the Thir d C ir c uit 4-7-2005 

# U S A v . F om a n P r e c e de n t i al or N on-P r e c e de n t i al : N on-P r e c e de n t i al D ock e t N o . 04-2508

F o l lo w thi s a nd a dd it ion al w ork s a t : h tt p://d i g it alc ommon s .l a w . v i l l a no v a . e du/thir dc ir c uit_2005

Thi s de c i sion i s br ou gh t t o y ou for f r e e a nd ope n a c c e s s b y the O p inion s of the U nit e d S t a t e s C our t of Appe al s for the Thir d C ir c uit a t V i l l a no v a U niv e r sit y S choo l of L a

w Di g it al R e posit or y

. It h as be e n a c c e pt e d for inclusion in 2005 D e c i sion s b y a n a uthor i z e d a dmini s tr a t or of V i l l a no v a U niv e r sit y S choo l of L a

w Di g it al R e posit or y

. F or mor e infor m a t ion, p le as e c on t a ct Be n j a min . C a rl s on@l a

w . v i l l a no v a . e du . R e c omme nde d C it a t ion
" U SA v . F om a n " (2005). 2005 D e cisio n s . P ape r 1385. h tt p://d i g it alc ommon s .l a

w . v i l l a no v a . e du/thir dc ir c uit_2005/13851 NO T P RE CE DE NT I AL UN I TE D S TA TE S C OU RT OF AP PE AL S FO R T HE TH IRD C IRCU IT No. 04- 2508 UNI TED STATES OF AMERI CA

Ap pell ee v. HE RM AN FO MAN

Appe l l ant

On Ap peal from

the Unite d S tate s Dis tr ic t Cou rt f o r th e E astern D istrict o f

P en n sylv an ia ( D. C. No. 03- c r - 00486) Di s tr i c t Judge : Honor abl e J ohn R. Pa dova

Su bm itte d U nd er

Th ir d C ir cuit

LA R 3 4.1(a) Fe br uary 17, 2005 B E F O R E : S L O V IT E R , A M B R O an dA L D IS E R T , C ircu it Ju d g es.

( Fi l e d: Apr i l 7, 2005)

OPI NI ON OF THE COURT2

AL DISE RT , Cir cuit

Judg e.

He rm an Fom an appe a l s fr om ac ondi t i ona l pl e aof gui l ty t o one c ount

of po s s e s s i onof

afi r e arm by ac on vi c t e d f

e l on , i n v i ol a t i onof

18 U. S. C. § 9 22 ( g) ( 1)
. He chal le ng es the denia l of h is m otion to sup pres s e vidence on the grou nd of an il le gal search an dseizu re. We w ill af f irm
. Fom an a l s o s e e ks t o r a i s e s e nt e nc i ng i s s ue s . On the s e i s s ue s we wi l l r e m and t o the d istrict co u rt. I. Phi l a de l phi apol i c e offi c e r s Kahl an and Da l y we r e a s s i gne d t o l oc a t e ape r s on nam ed Dane Scott, wh o w as wanted on an ar re st warr ant for car -jac king . At his re si dence at 10 30 Ed gem ore Road, Ph il adel ph ia , the of fice rs ob se rved a Buick Rivier a, Ph il adel ph ia

li ce nse num

ber H97 -707 H, parked in the re ar of the hou se . They

le ar ned fr om ane i ghbor

and Sc ott ’ s m othe r

tha t Sc ott l i ve d the r e , and fr om

the ne i ghbor

tha t the B u ickw as h is car. A f ew day s l at er , a s they

drov e up E dg em ore Road, the off ic er s s aw the Rivie ra parke d on the pave m e nt

i n fr ont of 1030 Edge m or e . A pe r s on e nt e r e d the c ar and dr ove of f. Of fice rs Kahlan and D al y

ca ll ed another off

ic er wh o w as in a m ar

ked car and that of fice r pulle d the Rivier a over. Th e off ic er s began to approach the Rivier a and ob se rved the dri ver open h is do or and throw som ething un der the car. Th is turned ou t t o b e a3

“b lu n t” (a cig ar o r cig arette co n tain in g m arij u an a). T h e d riv er w as th e d ef en d an t, Herm an Fo m an. He had an op en fo rty oz. bottl e of b ee r between his l egs and a s earc h in cid en t to arrest rev ealedth at h e h ada lo ad ed.2 5 calib er p isto l in h is f ro n t p an ts p o ck et. II. Th e polic e had prob able ca use t o stop the car. Th e polic e knew that a cr im e had be e n c omm i tt e d, ha d gr ounds for r e a s onabl e s us pi c i on tha t the pe r s on want e d for

the
cr im e was in the c ar

beca use they had learned fromthe nei gh bo r and Scott’ s m other that the pe r s on the y

we r e l ooki ng for

l i ve d a t tha t a ddr e s s and ha d l e arne d fr om the ne i ghbor that Scott drove the Rivie ra . This was no t an ano ny m ou s t ip beca

use the of fice rs had in terv iew edth e n eig h b o r f ace-to -f ace an dco u ldh av e lo catedh er ag ain if n ecessary . Fu rther, the nei gh bo r c orrobo rate d w hat the of fice rs al re ady

re as on ably

suspec te d after havi ng obs e rve d the Ri vi e r aout s i de Sc ott ’ s r e s i de nc e . Short l y be for e r e que s t i ng tha t

the Rivier a be s topp ed, the of fice rs had again ob se rved it in cl ose proxim it

y to Scott’ s resid en ce. U n d er T erry

v . O h io , 3 9 2 U .S . 1 , 2 2 (1 9 6 8 ), an in v estig ato ry sto p o f a v eh icle i s pe rm i s s i bl e unde r

the Fourth Am e ndm e nt

i f s upport e d by

r e a s onabl e s us pi c i on. The Fourth Am e ndm e nt

r e qui r e s onl y

“ s om e m i ni m a l l e ve l of obje c t i ve jus t i fi c a t i on” for
m aki ng the s t op. I mm i gr a t i on and Na t ur a l i z a t i on Se rvi c e v. De l ga do, 466 U. S. 210, 217 (198 4). I n d et er

m ining w hat c on st it

utes re as on able suspic ion, the c ou rt m ust c on si der th e to tality

o f th e circu m stan ce. U n itedS tates v . C o rtez, 4 4 9 U .S . 4 1 1 , 4 1 8 (1 9 8 1 ). Wh en th e p o lice sto p p edth e B u ickR iv iera, th ey h ada reaso n ab ly

articu lab le b asis4

fo r s uspect ing that i t c on ta ined a per son w ho had comm itte d a cr im e—the wanted carja c ke r Dane Sc ott . The di s tr i c t

c ourt ’ s de ni a l of Fom an’ s m ot i on t o s uppr e s s wi l l be
a ffi rm e d. II I. A ppel l ant al s o s eeks t o chal l enge hi s s ent ence under U ni t ed St at es v. B ooker , 543 U . S. - - , 125 S. C t . 738 ( 2005)
. H avi ng det er m i ned t hat t he s ent enci ng i s s ues appel l ant
r ai s es ar e bes t det er m i ned by t he di s t r i ct cour t i n t he fi r s t i ns t ance , w e w i l l vaca t e t he
sen tenc e a n d rem an d fo r re-sen tenc ing in ac co rda n ce w it h B o o k er. IV . Be c aus e we wr i t e onl y

for the part i e s who ar e fa m i l i ar wi th the fa c t s and the p ro ceed in g s o f

th e d istrict co u rt w e h av e lim itedo u r d iscu ssio n . H av in g co n sid eredall
c o n t e n t i o n s p r e s e n t e db y th e p art i e s , w e c o n c l u d e th a t n o f u rth e r d i s c u s s i o n i s n e c e s s ary. The de ni a l of Fom an’ s m ot i on t o s uppr e s s wi l l be a ffi rm e d, the s e nt e nc e va c a t e d and the case remand edto th e d istrict co u rt f o r re-sen ten cin g .