* Research Note 85-97

THE ARMY RESEARCH INSTITUTE

UNIT PERFORACE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPKENT CENTER

I-"

J.L. Fobes

" Jet Propulsion Laboratory

for

Contracting Officer's Representative

James H. Banks

ARI Field Unit at Presidio of Monterey

Jack H. Hiller, Chief

TRAINING RESEARCH LABORATORY

Seward Smith, Acting Director

*G 2OV 2 '685

U. S. Army

LI- Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences

LSeptember 1985

* A proved tor uIniC release; cist,'button unlmited.

85 11 14 163
RFPR00tJCF0 AT GO\'EROW~NT FXPENSE

DISCLAIMER NOTICE

THIS DOCUMENT IS BEST QUALITY

PRACTICABLE. THE COPY FURNISHED

TO DTIC CONTAINED A SIGNIFICANT

NUMBER OF PAGES WHICH DO NOT

REPRODUCE LEGIBLY.
U. S. ARMY RESEARCH INSTITUTE

FOR THE BEHAVIORAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCES

A Field Operating Agency under the Jurisdiction of the

Deputy Chief of Staff for Personnel

WM. DARRYL HENDERSON

EDGAR M. JOHNSON COL, IN

Technical Director Commnding

This report, as submitted by the contractor. has been cleared fe release to Defense Technical Information Center

(DTIC) to comply with regulatory requirements. It has been given no primary distribution other than to DTIC

and will be available only through DTIC or other reference services such as the National Technical Information

Service (NTISI. The views, epinio!ns, and/or findings contained in this report at those of the authorl% and

should not be conhtrue; at an officia; CDepaitmerit of the Army position, policy, or decision, unless so designated

by other offcial documentation.

• . . . . . - .''- ... .i.. , .. - .- . -.... .-.'. .-1.. ./ - .
!tECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE (IWhen Date Entered)

READ INSTRUCTIONS REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE BEFORE COMPLETING FORM

I. REPORT NUMBER 2. GOVT ACCESSION NO. 3. RECIPIENT'S CATALOG NUMBER

ARI Research Note 85- 97i . ,,_ ___-.__

4. TITLE (and Subtitle) 5. TYPE OF REPORT & PERIOD COVERED

The Army Research Institute Unit Performance Final Report

Research and Development Center August 1982 - June 1985

6. PERFORMING ORG. REPORT NUMBER

7. AUTHOR(a) 8. CONTRACT OR GRANT NUMBER(&)

J. L. Fobes Contract # NAS7-918, Task Order RE-182, Amendment 244,

JPL Task Plan 80-2007

9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS 10. PROGRAM ELEMENT. PROJECT. TASK

AREA & WORK UNIT NUMBERS

Jet Propulsion Laboratory

California Institute of Technology 2Q263743A794

4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109

I. CONTROLLING OFFICE NAME AND ADDRESS 12. REPORT DATE

U.S. Army Research Institute for the Behavioral Sentemhpr 19A5

and Social Sciences, 5001 Eisenhower Avenue, 13. NUMBER OF PAGES

Alexandria. Virginia 22333-5600 176 14. MONITORING AGENCY NAME & AODRESS(II different from Controlling Office) 15. SECURITY CLASS. (of this report)

Unclassified

15a. DECL ASSI FICATION/DOWNGRADING

SCHEDULE

16. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (of thie Report)

Approved for public release; unlimited distribution.

17. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (of the abstract entered In Block 20, If different from Report)

IS. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

James H. Banks, contracting officer's rcprcsentative. A rormer version of this

report has already been published as ARI Research Note 54. Development of the

ARI Unit Performance Rcsearch and Development Center

9. KEY WORDS (Continue on reveree aide If neceeary and identify by block number)

Jet Propulsion Laboratory

National Training Center

Unit Training

Unit Evaluation

.6 20. ASISrAcr (rCwfaue an rverse si If itneesrr mad Ideruiyf by block number)

"This Research Note describes the activities undertaken by the Jet Propulsion

Laboratory (JPL) in support of the development of the Army Research Institute

Unit Performance Research and Development Center. The description includes

the desirability of conducting research with data from the National Training

Center (NTC), the requirement for analysis capabilities away from Fort Irwin

itself, and the detailed nature of JPL assistance.

DD R 147 EDITION OF I NOV 65 IS OBSOLETE DOiJAN 73 na-sfe

j SECURITY CLASSIFICATION Or THIS PAGE (When Dee lntered)

6
THE ARMY RESEARCH INSTITUTE

UNIT PERFORMANCE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER

CONTENTS

Chapter I INTRODUCTION

National Training Center (NTC) Overview I

Research with NTC Data 2

Chapter 2 JPL SUPPORT OF ARI NTC RESEARCH PHASE I: SYSTEM DESIGN AND

PROCUREMENTO

Overview 3

Implementation 3

Chapter 3 JPL SUPPORT OF ARI NTC RESEARCH PHASE II: NTC DATA DISPLAY

AND CONTROL SUBSYSTEM " 5

Appendix A Memorandum of Understanding Between the U. S. Army and the

California Institute of Technology (CALTECH) Concerning the

Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), May 1982 9

Appendix B Army Research Institute Training Research and Development

System, 22 June 1982. 33

Appendix C Training Research and Development System Task Plan (For

Phase I through Phase IV), 1 July 1982 47

- Appendix D Phase I Implementation Plan, 26 September 1982 55

Appendix E ADP Equipment Acquisition Plan, 25 August 1982 79

I i
Page

Appendix F Training Research and Development System Phases II and III,

30 August 1982 93

Appendix G Display and Control Subsystem for ARI-POM TRADS-SOW,

20 May 1983 103

Appendix H Final NTC R&D Computer Center Equipment List, August 1984 111

Appendix I Considerations in the Establishment and Use of a Research

Data Base for Analysis of Army Training, 4 February 1983 115

LIST OF FIGURES

Page

Figure 1 Computer Configuration 5

Figure 2 Controller Stations Configuration 7

iv
CHAPTER I

V" INTRODUCTION

I. National Training Center (NTC) Overview

II. Research with NTC Data

I. National Training Center (NTC) Overview

Learning to win in the fast-paced, dynamic combined-arms environment

requires that Army units be challenged with realistic situations that demand

rapid assessments of the tactical situation, timely decision-making, and

effective employment of a mix of high firepower weapons. The Army's National

Training Center (NTC) at Fort Irwin, California, was established to meet this

demand for an intensive combat training environment. At the NTC, battalionsized armor and mechanized units train in highly realistic live-fire exercises

and in force-on-force engagements in which they are confronted by opposing

forces (the OPFOR) which have been carefully designed to simulate the Soviet

threat. The force-on-force exercises use laser-based, engagement simulation

instrumentation technology to provide a degree of realism in real-time

casualty assessment second only to actual combat. These exercises involve the

full combined-arms operations; that is, tanks, mechanized infantry, artillery,

air defense artillery, engineers, Army combat aviation, and close air

support. Tactical scenarios were designed to prepare the battalions for

critical wartime missions.

The Multiple Integrated Laser Engagement System (MILES) is used on all

principal weapons, and casualties are assessed in real-time when a weapon

" fires and the MILES laser hits a target. "Killed" players are disabled and

prevented from participating further in the battle underway (they are "'revived" for subsequent battles). In this way, commanders and troops learn

the immediate effects of their battle plans and orders using equipment and

tactics similar to those of potential battlefield opponents.

Modern micro-miniaturized electronic systems monitor field activities,

recording and displaying movements and engagements. Battle actions are later

played back for review following both live-fire and force-on-force exercises.

In this way, participants are able to see the whole picture-what they were

doing and, more importantly, what the enemy was doing. Leaders can analyze

the results of their actions-both good and bad--and develop approaches for

improvements in the next exercise.

The feedback on both live-fire and force-on-force engagements also form a

diagnostic basis for training when the battalion returns to its home station.

Take-home packages of exercise data and training recommendations encourage

carry-over and reinforcement of the NTC learning experience.

..- . . . . . .. -
W

II. Research with NTC Data

Application of modern electronic technologies gives the NTC the capability

to support fast-paced training through the use of transparent instrumentation

for recording and playing back combat actions. These instrumentation systems

are based on micro-electronics, clusters of fast computers, position location

systems, and wide screen display technology. Also included is the provision

for manually-input exercise data as well as audio and video recordings of

critical field action. The bulk of this information is stored in a digitized

Player History File for each exercise segment of the overall fourteen day

engagement simulation and live-fire exercise.

Now that the NTC's training support components are in place and multiechelon combined-arms training and evaluation exercises are being conducted on

a routine basis, increasing emphasis is being placed on the NTC's potential

for addressing questions concerning training techniques, equipment, organizations, and doctrine. The NTC provides a powerful research data base to

support such inquiries with data from its instrumented, battalion-level combat

field exercises under controlled conditions. This potential shoud be fully

exploited since it provides the best source of simulated combat and task force

training data routinely generated. When fully developed, a NTC data analysis

*methodology will provide the essential complement to the Army's exploitation

of high technology training and should provide the Army with a decided skillbased advantage over its adversaries.

Since the inception of the NTC concept, senior command directives have

specifically dictated that the primary mission of the NTC is to serve as a

combat training support facility, rather than as a combat proving ground or

research center. These directives have been reinforced by clearly defined

policies which delimit on-site research teams and preclude modification or

adaption of training scenarios to support studies or experiments. While the

NTC was conceived to only provide realistic experiential unit training for

armor and mechanized infantry Battalion task forces, an important byproduct of

* such unit training is the exercise history data generated at the NTC. These

data may contribute to a powerful research data base which can be used to

support training technology research and be used to study issues of tactics,

doctrine, organization, and equipment effectiveness. Of course, any research

efforts associated with the NTC must be based on capturing available NTC lata

- and transporting it to sites where the desired research can be conducted with

*no interference with the NTC training mission.

The U. S. Army Research Institute (ARI) initiated a program to enable it

to make timely and effective use of NTC data in support of ARI's full spectrum

of research efforts directed towards improving unit combat performance.

However, before ARI could be in a position to pursue such research, it was

6 necessary for ARI to possess the elaborate equipment and facilities necessary

to examine and manipulate NTC-generated data. Since a substantial portion of

this preparatory phase consisted of the overall system archi ecture design

required to systematically use NTC data for research, the expertise of the

staff at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) was obtained pursuant to the

agreement in Appendix A (Memorandum of Understanding Between the U. S. Army

and the California Institute of Technology [CALTECH] concerning the Jet

Propulsion Laboratory [JPL]).

2
CHAPTER 2

JPL SUPPORT OF ARI NTC RESEARCH

PHASE I: SYSTEM DESIGN AND PROCUREMENT

I. Overview

II. Implementation

I. Overview

After considerable discussion of the nature of the facilities required to

provide the capability to analyze NTC data, ARI and JPL entered into its

initial support agreement (Appendix B: Army Research Institute Training

Research and Development System Proposal Number 80-1927, 22 June 1982). This

agreement outlined the preliminary nature of JPL's effort and accompanying

contractual agreements to effect that effort.

JPL then developed an overview task plan to guide their overall effort on

behalf of ARI research (Appendix C: Training Research and Development System

Task Plan [for Phase I through Phase IV], 1 July 1982). This task plan

provided for support of both ARI's long and short term goals. Overall objectives consisted of JPL support to:

0 Help establish an ARI research capability to enable analysis of Army

unit training data from the NTC, and from other sources as

appropriate;

o Provide long-term technical support to ARI on various aspects of

training evaluation and research issues.

The immediate oljectives of JPL's support effort were to:

o Design, procure, install, and make operational the basic computer

system required;

o Design and develop the facility site to properly house the system.

II. Implementation

As specified in their task plan, JPL then prepared an implementation plan

to accomplish ARI's immediate research needs (Appendix D: Phase I Implementation Plan, 26 September 1982). This plan provided for task management, system

integration, as well as hardware and software procurement to provide API with

a system, fully compatible with that at NTC, to store and replay NTC data.

Activities included:

o System requirements definition and design;

3

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4

o Procurement of hardware and software elements required to examine NTC

data;

.

o Integration of the procured elements into an operational system;

o Site development at the ARI Field Unit at the Presidio cf Monterey

*. (POM) to support the Training Research and Development System; and

0 Formulation of a Task Plan for Phases II and III of the Training

Research and Development System.

It should be noted that ADP equipment procurement was preceded by JPL

compliance, through their parent organization-NASA, with the provisions of

the Brook's Amendment (Appendix E: ADP Equipment Acquisition Plan, 25 August

1982).

The recommended computer items ultimately procurred are depicted in

Figure 1. In addition, JPL also prepared the facility site development plan

necessary to house this equipment and then assisted ARI with its implementation. JPL work included: (1) specification and installation of raised

computer flooring; (2) specification and installation of air-conditioning

* units; (3) specification of electrical requirements and power distribution;

and (4) specification of remote diagnosis telephone lines, and (5) specification of alterations in the four rooms involved in site development.

4

I
0

F00

AJE
CHAPTER 3

JPL SUPPORT OF ARI NTC RESEARCH

PHASE [[: DATA DISPLAY AND CONTROL SUBSYSTEM

The equipment and facilities depicted in Figure I represent the core

*analysis system required to conduct research with data from the NTC. In

addition, as indicated in the Phase i Task Plan (Appendix F: Training and

Development System Phases II and I11, 30 Aug 82), it was necessary to expand

* the basic system to provide for data retrieval and display in the NTC

format. This elaboration consisted of two support activities that were

accomplished through JPL by a subcontractor in response to JPL's Statement of

Work (SOW) in Appendix G (Display and Control Subsystem for ARI-POM TRADS,

20 May 83). This SOW indicated the work necessary to procure, fabricate,

assemble, deliver, install, and make operational the Display and Control

Subsystem of the ARI Training Research and Development System. This

requirement was met in part by the two NTC controller stations, depicted in

Figure 2, designed to permit manipulation and display of NTC data. The

complete system is itemized in Appendix H (Final NTC R&D Comuter Center

Equipment List, August, 1984).

In addition, a substantial amount of operational software was delivered.

This software consisted of the NTC Interactive Display and Control software

developed for the 500 Player NTC Instrumentation System that was recovered and

modified for ARI. The software is capable of reading and causing to be

displayed the following NTC data: position/location and firing event data

(direct and indirect), communications keying event data, and all other data

currently maintained to generate NTC alphanumeric and graphic displays. The

software is also capable of simultaneously driving the two Display and Control

Stations from the same or different NTC exercise History Data.

The final JPL product in support of NTC data display and control was their

study of the utility, creation, and use of a large-scale NTC research data

base (Appendix I: Considerations in the Establishment and Use of a Research

Data Base for Analysis of Army Training, 4 February 1983). This document

reported their recommended systematic approach to the definition and use of a

research data base, as well as the identification of the criteria for the

selection of a data base management system.

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APPENDIX A

a Memorandum of Understanding Between the U. S. Army

K and the California Institute of Technology (CALTECH)

Concerning the Jet propulsion Laboratory (JPL)

May 1982

PRVOSPG

ISLN
-- . . 4 2

* I

APPENDIX A

Defense Programs Office

Memorandum of Understanding

Between. the U.S. Army and the

California Institute

of Technology (Caltech)

Concerning the

6 Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL)

May 1982

National Aeronautics and

Space Administration

Jet Propulsion Laboratory

California Institute of Technology

Pasadena, California
MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING

BETWEEN THE

U. S. ARMY

AND THE

CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY (CALTECH)

CONCERNING THE

JET PROPULSION LABORATORY (JPL)

1I 1 1

t.
CONTENTS

Page

1.0 PURPOSE ...... .............. I.. 1

- " 2.0 BACKGROUND ............. .......... * I

3.0 JPL MISSION AREAS .................................... I

4.0 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE JPL MISSION ................... 2

5.0 MISSION SCOPE ................... 4

6.0 MANAGEMENT ARRANGEMENTS.............................. 5

* . 7.0 ADMINISTRATIVE CONSIDERATIONS ........................ 6

8.0 EFFECTIVITY .......................... 7

L..

oS

:12
'1.0 PURPOSE

The purpose of this MOU is to describe and document the general

agreements to establish a long term relationship between the Army and the

California Institute of Technology's (Caltech) NASA-sponsored Jet

Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). JPL shall perform only such work as shall

be authorized and required under contractual task orders issued by NASA

or under direct contracts between the Army and Caltech. This MOU is not

intended to affect in any way the rights and obligations of the parties

under any such task orders or contracts.

2.0 BACKGROUND

Throughout the 1940's and 1950's, the U.S. Army and Caltech developed

JPL into a key resource for guided missile research, development, and

project implementation. After JPL was transferred from the U.S. Army to

NASA in 1958, NASA and Caltech have made major advances in the

development of this national resource. JPL's role for over three decades

has been to conduct technology developments and incorporate them into

some of the nation's most challenging systems applications by means of

its project implementation skills. During the last two decades, JPL has

played a principal role in the development and operation of every U. S.

O* automated mission to the moon and planets. These forty-some missions by

their nature have involved high technology at both the system and

* ,component level. Incorporated within those spacecraft were many

*technological advances of great interest to the DOD. Now as the civilian

space program enters a phase of emphasis on utilization of the shuttle

capability, NASA planning calls for some reduction in automated missions

to the moon and planets. As a consequence, JPL with support of NASA is

prepared to commit a significant portion of its technical staff to

assignments from the Department of Defense. At the same time, the U.S.

i Army has initiated several thrusts to expedite the application of the

most advanced technology into a coherent set of operational systems to

carry out its mission. Thus, an opportunity has been provided for an

enduring relationship through the merging of interests of the U.S. Army

and NASA.

3.0 JPL MISSION AREAS

06 With this MOU it is intended to establish a relationship wherein JPL

evolves into a key Army resource for research and development. Mission

areas wherein JPL can be expected to play a key role in years to come

include:

o Provide for a major activity for the Army in highly autonomous

and fault-tolerant machines in response to the Army's thrust

in brilliant missiles and pilotless flight systems;

o Provide for a major activity for the Army in its thrust in

very intelligent surveillance and target acquisition systems;

4 13

* . * * * , -. ..-
.:

 v .  i . o £ . . i.. w . . . , : _ . , .. . • . . . . , ,.

*i

o Participate in selected activities for the Army in survivable

and efficient information systems with attention to the metasystem involving several of these in association with appropriate

Commands and laboratories as a response to the Army's thrust

in distributed C3 1; and

o Participate in selected activities for the Army in training

and simulation systems in association with appropriate

* Commands and laboratories within the Army.

4.0 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE JPL MISSION

4.1 From time to time JPL may perform selected tasks for the Army

which do not fall within the above described roles.

4.2 Response to Assigned Work

JPL will award its roles for the Army a priority as high

as any role that JPL performs for other parts of the

Government. It will assure an equitable application of

*O key staff to Army assignments and provide a stability of

key staffing commensurate with that provided to other

Government assignments.

4.3 Accountable Work Assignments

Within the above selected roles, it is the Army's intent

to make assignments to JPL for the accountable management

and implementation of:

1) feasibility or test-bed demonstration projects which

are aimed at follow-on, full-scale engineering

demonstrations and orderly transitions into the Army's

industrial base (see Section 4.5 for additional

detail); and

2) a base of ongoing research and technology tasks to

support these projects (see Section 4.6 for

additional detail). It is estimated that this base

will comprise about 25% of the total Army effort at JPL.

4.4 Support Assignments

In addition to responding to project and technology

0 assignments, JPL will provide some level of assessment,

system engineering, and technical advisory support to

Army Project Officers on selected projects for which JPL

has not been assigned accountable management or implementation

(see Section 4.7 for additional detail).

;U

4.5 Accountable Project Assignments

4.5.1 The Army recognizes that JPL, as a part of Caltech,

*e 2
W

must be a technical doing organization that is responsible

for making end-item deliverables and that JPL's strengths

have been derived from prior assignments to: 1) design,

integrate, and operate entire automated flight systems;

2) develop end-to-end information systems including the

supporting networks, and 3) work on a broad spectrum of

research, and technology tasks. In this context, the Army

envisions that JPL will fulfill one or more active

accountable project roles throughout the duration of this

relationship.

4.5.2 JPL's Project Assignments during feasibility and fullscale

engineering development (FSED) phases are expected to include

areas of responsibility such as tradeoff studies,

preliminary design, objective costing, system engineering,

subsystem integration engineering, first-prototype

fabrication, systems integration, systems test, and systems

demonstration. As part of these assignments, JPL may

subcontract to industry for portions of the work to be

performed as necessary.

* 4.5.3 JPL recognizes the importance to the Army of transferring

technological understanding and designs to the Army

industrial community and to its field user Commands.

Therefore, JPL will utilize industrial capabilities to the

fullest reasonable extent in performing its assignments and

will perform the necessary functions to effect an orderly

transition of developments into the Army's industrial base

for production, deployment, and into field use operations.

4.6 Research and Technology Base

In order to effectively perform accountable project assignments

and support assignments, it is important for JPL to perform

within its principal roles, a broad set of research and technology

development tasks.

These task efforts, which are expected to be about 25% of the total

Army effort at JPL, will occur in such fields as:

o Highly autonomous systems;

o End-to-end information systems and technology;

o Very large scale integrated circuit technology

and application;

o Remote sensing instrumentation, sensor, and data

.4 systems;

o Navigation;

o Guidance and control technology;

o Teleoperator technology;

o Power and propulsion technology;

o Telecommunications and position location; and

o Materials and structures.

* 3

.15
- .

4.7 Support Assignments

The JPL expertise, to be further developed by the Army, through

JPL's performing accountable project and research and development

assignments, may be brought to bear on other Amy needs in the

form of support assignments.

These support assignments include:

1) supporting the Army in its advanced battlefield systems

concept and technology development programs;

2) performing system engineering and technical advisory (SETA)

roles for selected Amy Project Offices.

5.0 MISSION SCOPE

The scope of the JPL mission for the Army is determined by its prior

commitments to other Government Agencies. The Caltech-NASA MOU limits

the level of work to be performed by JPL for other agencies.

Consequently, it is understood that the ceiling on the number of

direct-charging members of the JPL staff applied to Army assignments for

now could be in the range of 250-300 direct workyears per year. Indirect

charging members of the JPL staff would add proportionately to these

workyears.

The A y is not obligated to fund that level of staffing nor is the

survival of JPL as an institution dependent upon the Army.

The Army intends to be concerned with the viability and continuity of

assignments for JPL. As a means of managing the scope of the JPL

mission, a joint Army/JPL planning activity will be established and

maintained to:

1) plan the stable application of the JPL staff to achieve a

continuous flow of appropriate assignments within the limits

of staff availability;

2) plan assignments to JPL in the areas of greatest interest to

the Army;

3) establish appropriate procedures to assure that only efforts

requiring the special competence of the JPL staff are proposed

as contractual tasks; and

4) plan the appropriate mix of work assignments between accountable

projects, accountable research and development tasks, and

support tasks.

6.0 MA'"GEMENT ARRANGEMENTS

6.1 MOU Oversight and Planning

4

....................
A designated deputy in the Office of the Assistant Secretary

* of the Army for Research, Development and Acquisition (OASA(RDA)),

and a manager reporting directly to JPL's Assistant Laboratory

Director for Defense Programs, will jointly oversee the relationship

to meet the spirit of this MOU.

Those individuals will co-chair a Planning and Review Committee

comprised of appropriate Army Commands, Army Advisors, and the JPL

management, to develop the scope and content of the JPL mission as

addressed in Section 5.0.

The Planning and Review Committee will conduct a rformance review

and planning activity at least annually.

6.2 Program Manager Relationship

The JPL Program Manager for Army programs will attend, as requested,

and participate in appropriate Army Program Management Reviews. It

is intended that JPL be considered to be an Army resource, but with

neither the Army nor JPL relinquishing control of identity or

mission.

6.3 Planning

The Planning and Review Committee will prepare and revise annually a

plan to guide the JPL efforts.

The relationship must be flexible and responsive to a dynamic

environment so the actual year-to-year work may necessarily deviate

from the plan.

6.4 Access and Reporting

6.4.1 JPL will ensure that the Office of the Assistant Secretary and

the appropriate Army commanders will have access to JPL upper

management regarding JPL's performance on work being done for

those Commands.

6.4.2 JPL's Defense Programs Office will report to the Office of

* the Assistant Secretary on its progress and resource

utilization. Since most project and task assignments will be

derived from subordinate Commands within the Army or DARCOM,

regular reports will be made to the appropriate Project

Officers within those Commands. At any time, JPL will

provide the Army with complete access to detailed information

*I on all activities being performed by JPL for those Commands.

6.5 Review

U.

A preliminary written draft evaluation of JPL's performance on all

project, task, and support assignments performed during a year will

V be sent by the Office of the Assistant Secretary to JPL for comment.

JPL will suggest changes to this draft if appropriate. The Office

of the Assistant Secretary will then utilize the finalized

5

17
*

evaluation report in a face-to-face performance evaluation of JPL in

a meeting with JPL upper management, including the President of

Caltech. Appropriate personnel from NASA will be invited to these

reviews to assess general compatibility with NASA programs and

interests. JPL will take corrective actions in response to the

performance evaluation as appropriate.

7.0 ADMINISTRATIVE CONSIDERATIONS

7.1 Conformance to NASA-Caltech MOU

The 1978 Caltech-NASA MOU (Section 7.2) states that "NASA will

encourage JPL efforts to organize and acquire non-NASA work around

long-term programmatic or technological thrust . . . and seek

responsibility for coherent programs or projects in contrast to

accumulating a large set of diverse and unrelated tasks."

7.2 Contracting

7.2.1 JPL shall perform work for the U.S. Army as authorized and

required under contractual tasks orders issued by NASA for

the Army.

7.2.2 Nothing in this MOU shall preclude a direct contract between

the Army and Caltech. In the foreseeable future, NASA will

continue as the prime sponsor of JPL and the Army will utilize

the prime contract NAS 7-100 as the means to sponsor work at

JPL. Therefore, the cost of work done by JPL for the Army

will be reimbursed to NASA through the standard interagency

reimbursable method.

7.2.3 In accordance with the 1978 Caltech-NASA MOU this work shall

fall in that category where "NASA makes no programmatic

commitment . . . " Consistent with the intent of that MOU

statement, it is expected that NASA will assure that the

administrative arrangement will permit the Army to maintain

technical direction and management of the JPL effort without

any intermediate management functions. .I

7.3 Sprurity

7.3.1 JPL is prepared to provide to the Army reports, hardware, and

software deliverables with security classifications as high

as Top Secret. JPL will take the necessary steps to clear

the JPL staff performing Army assignments as well as their

management and Review Boards.

7.3.2 Open access to JPL in general will remain in accordance with

existing JPL procedures. Access to offices, laboratories or

other facilities where classified work is ongoing will be

restricted in accordance with appropriate Defense

Investigative Services Clearance Office (DISCO) procedures.

6
7.3.3 In selected instances, the Army may choose to involve JPL in

special access matters. If such a need arises, the Army will

support the obtaining of any needed special access clearances

and will support JPL's need to provide one or two on-Lab

rooms for dealing with special access topics. If necessary,

JPL will arrange for special access facilities at sites other

than JPL.

7.3.4 Should JPL perform any staff work with a special access

nature, the actual deliverables, analyses or study results

will bear the signature of the Army officer within the

appropriate Army Command who will be accountable for the

character and quality of the work.

8.0 EFFECTIVITY

Both parties view this association of JPL and the Army as an ongoing

relationship for many years. This MOU will be reviewed in one year to

incorporate the results of the effort described in paragraph 6.1.

0

For the U. S. Army: For Caltech:

ORIGINAL SIGNED BY ORIGINAL SIGNED BY

J. R. Sculley Bruce Murray

Assistant Secretary of the Director

Army (RDA)

Date: 1 April 1982 Date: April 1, 1982

ORIGINAL SIGNED BY ORIGINAL SIGNED BY

,. James R. Ambrose Marvin L. Goldberger

Under Secretary of the Army President

Date: 12 May 1982 Date: 1 April 1982

re 7

1 , .
-_ . • - . .-- •.- -'- -'.. -. .-.. - .-.- I- - .- ,*

3 ADP EQUIPMENT ACQUISITION PLAN

fkfW1(vJMJj% I AbUkA 10KI

J~AA. v .. l,, lP...Ak.. (A , I'

AP. 453

6 August 25, 1982

(Date)

Army Resenrch Institute

Training Research and Development System

(Descriptive Title)

A. C. Silliman

(Prepared By)

* PL
J I'L

AP-453

08/25/82

ABSTRACT

The Jet Propulsion Laboratory is supporting the Army Research

Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences in the development of a

research capability which will be used to study Army unit training. This

ADPE Acquisition Plan which covers Phase I of the task, is for the

procurement of the computer and associated ADPE equipment for this research

capability.

The Army Research Institute will utilize data obtained at the

Nitional Training Center located at Fort Irwin, California. In order to

:tudy this data, the Army Research Institute must install the identical

0 control center configuration as exists at the National Training Center, to

.LmIdldtc operations, utilizc already developed programs and to write new

programs for their use. Thus, this plan specifies the acquisition of a

DigiLal Equipment Corporation VAX-11/780 system and peripheral devices.

The system cost is estimated to be $343,800 and will be procured

competitvcly. The system life is expected to be over eight (8) years,

slnc(- the National Training Center upgrade is not expected until the

1990's.

0

0

• 2
* -- -

S . JPL,

AP-453

08/25/82

TAIBLE OF CONTLNTS

I. INTRO DUCTLON I of 14

Ii. FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS 2 of 14

III. ALTERNATIVES CONSIDERED 3 of 14

IV. PROPOSED SYSTEM 3 of 14

V. JUSTIFICATION 4 of 14

VI. ADP EQUIPMENT LIST 4 of 14

* VII. UTILIZATION 5 of 14

V 11i. LEASE vs PURCHASE ANALYSIS 5 of 14

IX. PROCUREMENT METHOD 6 of 14

X. FUNDING SUMMARY 6 of 14

X[. ASCII OJMPATIBLE 7 of 14

X11. IMPLEMENTATION SCH{EDULE 7 of 14

-- XI1. JPL AUTOMATIC DATA PROCESSING PLAN REFER.ENCE 7 of 14

XIV. FACILITY DESCRIPTION 8 of 14

XV. SECURITY PROVISION 8 of 14

- XVI. APPENDIX 9 of 14

A. Glossary of Terms 9 of 14

* B. Army Research Institute, Phase I 10 of 14

Training Research and Development

System Block Diagram

C. Acquisition Plan Cost Estimate Worksheet 11 of 14

r. D. 10K: Justification of the Sole Source 13 of 14

Specification for the Training Research

and Development Computer System

2

.-_ .. . -- . ' .* -.. • ... .++ , ,.. . . _- ' * '% " * -J '# :-* *,. ,--.. *,,- +,u .' s, * , .*um .. .
-- -

J PL

AP-453

08/25/82

I . INTRODUCTION

The National Training Center (NTC) at Fort Irwin, California,

provides the most realistic training available to a modern peacetime army.

Consequently, the NTC has the potential for greatly improving the training

of maneuver arms battalions, thereby enhancing the training component of

combat readiness. For this potential to be fully realized, there is a

critical need to develop new research capability and analytical tools to

profit from the massive amounts of data collected during NTC operations.

This capability is necessary to support both the current NTC Phase I

operations and refinements as well as the future design of the NTC Phase II

sys Lvm. Key areas in need of improvement include performance measurement

*and diagnosis, training information display and feedback, and tactical

operaLions analysis. Further, unit training must be considered as a total

integrated system; NTC and home-station training practices must both be

considered when designing systems for improving the proficiency of tactical

units. Finally, NTC-generated data will be important for research on

issues beyond unit training and training management. The new research

capability must je able to support diverse Army R&D priorities ranging from

problems in manned-systems integration to problems in personnel

acquisition, assignment, and retention.

This research will be performed by the Army Research Institute

Field Unit at the Presidio of Monterey (ARI-POM), California. This Field

*O Unit has the mission within ARI of conducting research on unit training and

performance measurement. In order to carry out this mission, ARI requires

a Training Research and Development System which is fully compatible with

that developed for the NTC and which can expand to permit extensive offline analyses of data recorded during NTC training exercises.

.I of 14

2.3
JPL

AP-453

08/25/82

This system will be installed at AKI-FOM California. Site

0preparation support will be given to ARI. JPL will be responsible for the

implementation of the system, which includes the installation of the

equipment, installation of the software, integration of any upgrade and

maintenance of the system during the 2 1/2 years of the task. Thereafter,

Lhe system will be transferred to ARI.

In subsequent phases of the task, JPL will develop the capability

for ARI to organize and use the vast amount of data that is acquired at

NTC. A comprehensive data base management system will be developed to

allow for efficient usage of the simulated battlefield'acquired data.

Add[cionally, investigations will be made into the use of three dimensional

computer graphics to improve NTC displays. Other data base utilization,

such as line-of-sight algorithms for Fort Irwin, California will also be

investigated. JPL, with its background in data base systems and computer

graphics, is well suited to provide ARI with the required research support.

II. FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS

JPL will support the implementation of the ARI Training Research

and Development System as well as developing of tools to utilize the NTC

data.

The procurement of the computer system for the Training Research

* .and Development System which will be installed at ARI-POM is the principal

component of the initial phase of the task to spport ARI. This system must

be compatible with the existing DEC VAX 11/780 computer system at NTC to

take advantage of the software developed for NTC use, and to enable the

*creation of new software that can be used by NTC.

The equipment list presented in this plan is the Phase I

procurement items. A study will be performed during this Phase I to

*1 determine the exact additional equipment to fulfill the ARI mission needs.

*24 2 of 14

. - - - - - " - - *-. • • - " " , . " i i ' 

m

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JPL

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08/25/82

Special NTC equipment as weLl as expanded system needs for research will be

examined. Th additional equipment if required will be procured during

Phase 11 of this task. A new AUPE acquisition plan or a revision to this

plan will be developed depending upon the outcome of the study.

III. ALTERNATIVES CONSIDERED

Because of the requirement that the system be an exact copy of

the NTC VAX system, the use of a VAX based computer system is a necessity.

Because of the requirement that the system be installed at ARI-POM,

California this precludes the use of any system at JPL.

An examination of GSA, NASA and JPL surplus ADPE lists indicates

thnt thero Ls no available ADPE equipment that meets the requirements of

this plan.

IV. PROPOSED SYSTFI

The required ADPE system must duplicate a subset of the existing

N'rC computer configuration. The NTC system has multiple Digital Equipment

Corporation VAX 11/780 computer systems. The required Training Research

and Development System configuration is shown in Appendix B and the ADPE

components are listed in Section VL

V. JUSTIFICATION

JPL has undertaken the task to assist ARI in the development of

training research and development mission. JPL is required to provide and

*, implement the baseline computer system in the exact configuration as

currently is used in NTC. In order to accomplish this implementation, .JPL

must procure the computing equipment listed in this Plan.

3

3 of 14
AP-453

VI. AD1P EQUIPMENT LIST

Item Qty Item Functional Purchase Monthly Monthly

I Model I Description Price Lease Maint.

Rate Rate

1. 1 ea DEC SV-AXVCA-CA VAX-11/780 CPU $300,000 $ 12,000 $ 1,121

2MB ECC MOS Memory

516 MB Fixed Disk

Drive with MBA

6250/1600 b/in Tape

Transport with

MBA

8 line Asynchronous

Multiplexer

Console Terminal

VAX/VMS Operating

System

2. 1 eu DEC FF 780-AA High-performance $ 11,200 448 $ 50

Floating Point

Accelerator

3. 1 Ca DEC LXY21-SY 13 2-column, 96- 15,800 1,264 163

character dot

matrix printer

and plotter with

control unit

4. 1 ea DEC MS780-DD 2 HB ECC MOS 13,000 294

expansion memory

5. 1 ca DEC VT125-AA Extended 3,800 152 29

Alphanume ric

Video Terminal

with Data Plotting

Extensions. Bit

Map Graphics, K. Automatic vector

and curve

generation

Total $343,800 $ 13,864 $ 1,363

U

6 4 of 14

26
JPL

AP-453

08/25/82

VLi.. UTLLLZATION

The anticipated period of use of this equipment is until 1990

after which an upgrade is possible in support of the next generation NTC.

Utilization is expected to be about 8 hours per day, 5 days per week. The

work load is expected to be divided among various efforts in programming

and operational analysis.

Projected Workload:

Science and Engineerin8: 50Z

Data Reduction: 25Z

Simulation: 25Z

VIII. LEASE vs PURCHASE ANALYSIS

N = 96 months

Purchase Cost - P + M + I

P - Basic Purchase Price - $343,800

1-1 - Maintenance Costs 130,848

(96 months) x ($ 1,363)

I Interest Costs

(14Z) x ($343,800) x (96+12)/24 - 216,594

Total Cost to Purchase $691,242

Lense Cost - L + M + T

*U L - basic Lease Cost - $1,339,944

(96 months) x ($ 13,864)

M - Maintenance not included in L - 130,848

(96 months) x ($ 1,363)

T California Use Tax *

Total Cost to Lease - $1,461,792

"- * Lease cost used for GSA schedule and

does not include state use tax

2 '1

5 of ....................................... 14 
JFL

AP-453

08/25/82

This analysis indicates that the least cost option is to procure

the specified system.

IX. PROCUREMENT METHOD

p This system is proposed to be procured as a competitive

procurement. The procurement, however, wust provide to AKI the exact

configuration as currently utilized by NTC. The sole source specification

juscIfication for the Digital Equipment Corporation VAX 11/780 computer

system is attached to this plan as Appendix D.

This procurement will provide the initial Training Research and

Development System. Procurement method for any future equipment

re(juiremcnt will he deterwined at that time.

X. FUNDING SUMARY

The funding will be wholly from Account Code #735-60203-0--8300.

JPL will procure the system in FY82, install it in FY83,

maintain the system through the first half FY85 and transfer all activities

to ARI at the conclusion of the task on April 1, 1985.

FY32 FY83 FY84 FY85

* Acquisition Costs

Purchase $343,800 $ -0- $ -0- $ -oBurden Cost 53,633

Total Acquisition Cost $397,433 $ -0- $ -0- $ -0-

6 of 14
. "JPL

AP-453

08/25/82

FY82 FY83 FY84 FY85

Operatlonal Costs

. Maintunance $ -0- $ 13,360 $ 16,356 $ 6,815

Installution* -0- -0- -0- -0-

Site Preparation Equipment 90,000 -0- -0- -0-

Burden Cost 14,040 2,126 2,552 1,063

Total Operational Cost $104,040 $ 15,756 $ 18,908 $ 7,878

Total Planned Cost $501,473 $ 15,756 $ 18,908 $ 7,878

* Included in the purchase price.

0

XI. ASCII COMPATIBLE

This system is to be fully ASCII compatible. No exemption is

'- .reques ted.

XII. IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE

Acquisition Plan approved 14 Sept.,1982

Purchase Order issued 18 Oct., 1982

Facility Preparation completed 17 Dec., 1982

Equipment Delivered 17 Dec., 1982

LquipmcllL Operational 7 Jan., 1983

Equipment Transfer to ARI I Apr., 1985

XIII. JPL AUTOMATIC DATA PROCESSING PLAN REFERENCE

The proposed acquisition does not appear in the JPL 1984 ADP

Plan, dated 14/Aug/1982, but will appear in all future issues as part of

NASA/GSA FmC 74-2 System NC-55-07-TR, JPL ADPAR Index 07-67.

7 of 14
JPL

AP-4 53

08/25/82

XIV. FACILITY DESCRIPTION

The VAX-I1/780 will be installed at a facility at ARI-POM,

California.

Facil.ty preparation will include; power conditioning, power

distribution, environmental conditioning and computer flooring. ARI has

designated the building and rooms that will be modified to support the

system.

- The estimated facility preparation cost is $90K which includes

the cost for power conditioning, power distribution, environmental

* conditioning and flooring.

XV. SECURITY PROVISION

The facility is located at the Presidio of Monterey, in Monterey,

Caifornia a U. S. Army facility. Access to the facility is controlled.

The facility contains an inner office that will be used for software media

storage. Also, JPL will house at JPL Pasadena, a duplicate set of all

software provided by JPL during the duration of this task for backup

p)urpose.

6 8 of 1
-- ''-.- L

J PL

AP-453

08/25/82

XVL. APPIENULK

A. Clossary of terms

ADPE Automatic Data Processing Equipment

ASCII American Standard Code for Information Interchange

ARI Army Research Institute

b/in, bits per inch

DEC Digital Equipment Corp.

JPL Jet Propulsion Laboratory

Ma Mega Byte

NTC National Training Center, Fort Irwin, CA

POM Presidio of Monterey

.• 9 of 14

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Sl

APPENDIX B

Army Research Institute Training Research and Development System

22 June 1982

So

0.,

U
S ,Apptndix B

AR!Y RESEAJ CH INSTITUTE

TRAINING RESEARCH AMD DEVELOfl:LNT SYSTEIN

to the

Army Rescdrch Institute

for tile

Belidvioral and Social Sciences

5001 Eisenhower Avenue

Alexdndria, Virginin

Fruposal Number 80-1927

June 22, 1982

40

Prepared by: Prepared by:

* A. C. Silliman C. E. Hrbcrger

Task Manager Contracts Management Office

Approved..,y:

J. N. S

Assistant Laboratory Director

fur Defense Programs

JET PROPULSION LABORATORY

California Institute of Technology

* Pasadena, California

* 34.
TABLE OF CONTENTS

I. Technical

A. Backgruund .................................................. I

B• Jet Propulsion Laburatory's (JPL's) Objectives .............. 2

C. Approach ................................................... 2

1. JPL's Role 2....................

/.. P'Jse I SysLem l,,ip[LetrunuILaa Appr-ach .................... 3

3. Phase I Work Breakdwn Structure .......................... 3

4. Phase I Organization ...................................... 4

I1. Business/Cost

A. Scope of Work ............................................... 5

3 Delivery Schedule ........................................... 5

C. Period of Performance ....................................... 6

D. Proposed Contractual Arrangements .............................. 6

1. General ................................................. 6

2. Funding ................................................. 7

3. JPL Authorization ....................................... 8

4. Technical Directiun .....................................

E. Accountability of Deliverable Property ...................... 9

F. Phase I Cost Estimate ....................................... 10

u

* 3d
>- _

*

[. I. TECHNICAL

A. Background

The National Training Center (NTC) at Fort Irwin, California,

provides the ,nusL realistic training available to a modern

peacetime army. Consequently, the NTC has the potential for

greatly improving the training of maneuver arms battalions,

thereby enhancing the training component of combat readiness. For

this potential to be fully realized, there is a critical need to

I dvc lop nvw r.s t -;irh c:ipahi I I L y and I t y, I cra l tooIN to prUfiL

from the massive amounts of data collected during NTC operations.

This capability Is necessary to support both the current NTC Phase

I operations and refinements as well as the future design of the

NTC Phase II system. Key areas in need of improvem.'ent include

performance measureinenc and diagnosis, training information

display and feedback, and tactical operations analysis. Further,

unit training must be considered as a total integrated system;

NTC and home-station training practices must both be considered

when designing systems for improving the proficiency of tactical

units. Finally, NTC-generated data will be important ror research

on issues beyond unit training and training management. The new

research capability must be able to support diverse Army R&D

priorities ranging from problems in manned-systems integration to

problems in personnel acquisition, assignment, and retention.

This research will be performed by the Army Research Institute

Field Unit at the Presidio of Monterey (ARI-POHi), California.

This Field Unit has the mission within ARI of conducting research

on unit combat training and has long conducted research on unit

* training and perfurmance measurement. In order to carry out this

mission, ARI requires a Training Research and Development System

which is fully compatible with that developed for the NTC and

which permits extensive off-line analyses of data recorded during

NTC training exercises.

3 6; 6 1
0Q

: A three phase Implementation approach is required by ARI in the

development of this system. Each phase will result in an

operating version of the ARI Traiinng Research and DIvulopmunt

System having a specific set of functional capabilities. Users and

system developers will evaluate the capabilities of each operating

version to determine system deficiencies and limitations. These

*evaluations will be used to update the user requirements for the

system, and they will serve as the basis for evolving the system

functional capabilities for the next version. Each successive

version of the system will possess a greater degree of

capabilities consistunt with user requirumnuits.

In summary, the phased system requirements are:

Phase I. The capability to examine NTC training data.

Phase II. Simulation of the NTC data processing and review

O functions for off-line performance measurement

analysis.

Phase III. A data base system to provide capability for broad

"* analysis and use of NTC data.

B. Jet Propulsion Laboratory's (JPL's) Objective

JL's objective is to provide ARI with a Training Research and

Development System which they will use to carry out the research

and development mission as set forth above.

C. Aporoach

1 1. JPL's Role

JFL, in support uf ARI, will provide the task management,

procurement, and systems integration necessary for the

implementation of the three-phased ARI Training Research and

Development System.

2 37

rm2
2. Phase I System Implementation Approach

This proposal addresses only Phase I of the Training Research

and Development System. Areas of concenLration by JPI. during

this phase will be:

a. Procurement of hardware and software elements of required

to examine NTC data.

b. Integration of the procurred elements into an operational

system.

c. Site development at the ARI-POM to support the Training

Research and Duveloprment System.

d. Formu;i l ion of a T.isk P1 a' for Ph-'5.(v I I anidI I I of Lhlc

Training Research and Development System.

The basic computer system to bu considered for Phase I will

consist of the following items or equivalent:

Quantity Make/Xodel and Description

1 DEC VT125-AA Graphic Video Terminal

1 -DLC SV-AX VCA-CA System

I -DEC QEIO0-AY VAX-I FORTRAN

I C FF78O-AA Floating Point Accelerator

1 -DrC LXY21-SY 600 LP Printer

I -EC S780-DD 21ib ECC Memory

I Power Conditioning Unit

1 Environmental Control Unit

Computcr Flooring

S

3. Phase I Work Breakdown Structure

Three (3) units have been identified. These are:

a. Task Management

This work unit provides the management, control,

scheduling, and coordination required to conduct this

task. The Phase I Implementation Plan, the Task Plan for

Phases II and III, and period.-. .eports are also provided 0

under this work unit.

3S

* 3
b. Systems Integration

This work unit provides for the integration of the

hardware and softwa.re Into an operational system.

c. Hardware and Sof tware Prucurement

This work unit providus for procurem~ent of hardware and

sof twa re.

S 4. Phase I Organization

The following organization structure is proposed for Phase I

this effort:

Phase I Organization Chart

41

ARI

J PL

TASK MIANAGER

SYT- IEPRCXS1N

INERTO0EEOMN

ENG INTEER ~ ~ ENIEE : PCILS

- -~.- - ~ 4
II. BUSINESS/COST

A. Scupe of Work

1. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) will implement, for ARI,

Phase I of the Training Resedrch and Development System. In

the performanc'e of this effort JPL will, on a best efforts

basis:

a. Prepare monthly technical prugress and financial status

reports.

b. Develop a Phase I Implementation Plan which includes

schedules, procurement plins, and siLu inuodification plans.

c. Procure the Phase I system as specified in the Phase I

Implementatlon Plan.

d. -Review documentation supplied by ARI consisting of ARI

plans for research and development activities related to

the NTC, NTC operations, and Army training and training

development processes. Based on this review, formulate a

Task Plan for Phases II and IL.

B. Delivery Schedule

1. JPL %ill deliver to ARI:

a. Five (5) copies of a monthly, letter type, technical

progress and financial status report on or before the

twentieth (20) day-of each month covering the preceding

month.

b. Five (5) copies of the Phase I Implementation Plan, one

(1) month after start of work.

c. The Phase I computer system on a schedule to be specified

in the Phase I Implementation Plan.

d. Five (5) copies of the Task Plan. for Phases Il and III,

six (6) months after start of work.

5
2. ARI will provide JFL:

a. A physical facility for system installation at ARI Field

Unit at the Prcsidio of Monturcy at the sr;r of work.

b. Background material to familiarize JFL with ARI training

research and development, NTC optrations and Army training

and tralning development processes within thirLy (30) days

after start of work.

* 7-c. The ARI Site Modification Plan within one (1) week after

start of work. K d. Approval of the Phase I Lrplemuntat ion Plan within ten

(10) calendar days after receipt thurcof.

NOTE; JPL's performance is contingent upon ARI's providing JPL

the items noted in Part II, Section B2, paragraphs a.

through d. as noted therein.

* C. Period of Pcrformance

The period of performance will be for six (6) months from the date

of execution of a Task Order betwen the National Aeronautics and

Space Administration and the California Institute of Technology.

D. Proposed Contractual Arrangements

1. General

The California Institute of Technology (Caltech) is a private

nonpro[it educational institution chartered under the laws of

the State of California. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL)

*"is an operaitg. divLston of Caltech. . Under Contract NAS7-100

with the National Aerona.ut.ics-and Spa-ce Administration (NASA),

Caltech/JPL performs certain research and development tasks

and other related activities utilizing facilities provided by

the Government.

* 6

O " -
Contract NAS7-100 is a Cost Reimbursable Educational

Institution type contract. All costs incurred are billed to

the Covernent on a 1007. rcimbursable basis. The costs to be

charged to the proposed work would be consistent with

contractual provisions and established procedures for costing

of the current contract between NASA and Caltech. All charges

developed at the laboratory, including JPL applied burdens,

are billed to the Covernment as a direct charge at the rates

- in effect at the time the work is accomplished. Government

audit is performed on a continuing basis by a Department of

Defcnse CunLrJcL Audit A;unicy rusidunt tuain.

In accordance with current procedures between NASA and

Caltech/JFL, funding of the California Institute of

Technology, Jet Propulsion Laboratory for the proposed effort

may be accomplished as indicated below.

2. Funding

Your requesting document (i.e., reimbursable order, II1PR,

purchase order, project order, agreement, etc.) should be

eddrssed to the NASA Contracting Officer for Contract NAS7

100 as follows:

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

NASA Resident Office--JPL

4800 Oak Grove Drive

Pasadena, California 91109

Attention: Mr. DeVon E. Biggs, Contracting Officer

Mr. Biggs my be contacted at (213) 354-6050 or FTS 792-6050.

0

7
To prevent delays in NASA's processing and acceptance of

requested documents, it is essential that the following

information he included in each order:

a. Identification of the agency appropriation symbol and

title to be charged.

b. The Individual or office to whom financial status reports

and billings are to be submitted.

c. The name, title, office code, and address of the proposed

Utechnical project manager.

d. The name, title, address, and telephone number of the

cognizant contractlog offlcer for this effort.

e. A statement as to whether your organization plans to

solicit or accept proposals for substantially the same

effort from private industrial, commercial, or other

profit making organizations.

The agreement or order may include a Statement of Work that

delineates the work to be performed by JPL as long as the

scope is consistent with Part II of this proposal. It is

intended that JPL will perform all work in accordance with

Part II, except as may be mutually modified and agreed to, and

under the terms of Contract NAS7-100. The agreement or order

should also reference JPL's proposal number and date.

3. JPL Authorization

The above described contractual arrangemLnt will permit the

addition of a task order to Contract NAS7-l00 for existing

programs/projects at JFL specifying the work to be performed

for the Army Research Institute (ARI).

* 4. Technical Direction

Responsibility and authority in the technical direction of

this effort is that of ARI.

43 8
* '. . . +... . .

E. Accountability of Deliverable Property

As all work performed by JPL under any order or agruement entered

into as a result of this Proposal is subject to the provisions of

Contract NAS7-100 between the National Aeronautics and Space

Administration (NASA) and the Califurnia Institute of Technology

(Caltech), accotintability of all deliverable property under such

order or agreement nust remain with NASA until final payment is

made. On rteceipt of final payment and on request from the Army

Research Institute (ARI), NASA will effect transfer of

* "accountability of all such property to ARI.

p.49
+. " - - -

F. Phase I Cost Estimate

I. Workyears (WY)

Engineering 0.87 WY

Other -0- WY

Total 0.87 WY

2. Total Direct Compensation $ 58,750

(Includes Employee benefits)

3. Travel 2,000

4. JPL Services 5,000

5. Procur,±ments 340,000

6. Total Direct Costs $ 405,750

7. JPL Overhead 83,350

8. Total JPL Costs $ 489,100

9. NASA Contract Administration Charge 3,910

10. Grand Total $ 493,010

01

0 10

-. . -. - .- - --... +., .
APPENDIX C

Training Research and Development System Task Plan

(for Phase I through Phase IV)

1 July 1982

i47

0'

0

0o4

6

* I

* . ' - -,' "-. . - . .
Appendix C

ARMY RESEARCH INSTITUTE

FOR THE Q BEHAVIORAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCES

TRAINING RESEARCH AN~D DEVELOPMENT SYSTEM

TASK PLAN

(For Phase I through Phase IV)

July 1, 1982

S

Prepared by: Prepared by:

A. G. Silliman J. N. James

Task Manager Assistant Laboratory Director

for Defense Programs

C. E. Herberger C. H. Terhune

Contracts Management Office Acting Director

JET PROPULSION LABORATORY

California Institute of Technology

Pasadena, California 91109

L :- -- , -i - .- -,i , ' -
TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

I. INTRODUCTION ......................................

II. SCOPE OF WORK .....................................

III. DELIVERY SCHEDULE .................................

IV. PERIOD OF PERFORMANCE .............................

V. PROPOSED CONTRACTUAL ARRANGEMENTS .................

VI. ACCOUNTABILITY OF DELIVERABLE PROPERTY ............

VII. COST ESTIMATE ....................................

-

I

I

ii
0o

I. INTRODUCTION

TBD ' Cc7;

II. SCOPE OF WORK

The Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) will implement, for ARI, the

Training Research and Development Systems and will assist ARI in developing

research and development techniques to enhance the use of this system.

During the period of Phase I of the proposed task, JPL on a best

effort basis will:

1. Prepare monthly technical progress and financial status

reports.

• 2. Develop a Phase I Implementation Plan which includes

schedules, procurement plans, and site modification plans.

3. Procure the Phase I system as specified in the Phase I

Implementation Plan.

4. Review documentation supplied by ARI consisting of ARI plans

for research and development activities related to the NTC,

NTC operations, and Army training and training development

processes.

5. Prepare an Implementation Plan for Phase II.

In performance of Phase II of this tas, JPL, on a best effort

basis will: *

1. Prepare monthly technical progress and financial status

reports.

2. Expand the Phase I system to simulate the NTC data processing

and review functions for off-line performance measurement

analysis.

6

: 1
3. Provide training to ARI-POM personnel in the operation of he

NTC simulation.

4. Develop a generalized archiver/dearchiver process to

reconstitute NTC history data base in a usable form for

display and review on the Traing Research and Development

System.

S5. Prepare an Implementation Plan for Phase III.

In performance of Phase III of this task, JPL, on a best effort

basis will:

1. Prepare monthly technical progress and financial status

reports.

2. Design and develop a research data base including a historian

data base reformation/translator.

*3. Provide training to ARI-POM personnel in the use of the

research data base.

___-. Prepare an Implementation Plan for Phase IV.

In performance of Phase IV of this task, JPL, on a best effort

* bas 's will: /~~~ 

~ 'r 

aefrac JLoas

!f i. Prepare monthly t ncal progress and financial status

reports.

,2.1/ Assist ARI with the d velopment of research and development

techniques for perform ce measurement systems, advance

analytic and modeling metho and unit training strategies

for use on the Training and Research an Development System.

III. DELIVERY SCHEDULE

TBD

51

2
IV. PERIOD OF PERFORMANCE

The period of performance will be for three and one fourth (3

1/4) years from the date of execution of a Task Order between the National

Aeronauti s an Space Administration and the California Institute of

Technology.

V. PROPOSED CONTRACTUAL ARRANGEMENTS

A. General

The California Institute of Technology (Caltech) is a private

nonprofit educational institution chartered under the laws of

the State of California. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL)

is an operating division of Caltech. Under Contract NAS7-100

with National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA),

* Caltech/JPL performs certain research and development tasks

and other related activities utilizing facilities provided by

the Government.

Institution type contract. All costs incurred are billed to

the Government on a 100% reimbursable basis. The costs to be

charged to the proposed work would be consistent with

contractual provisions and established procedures for costing

of the current contract between NASA and Caltech. All

charges developed at the Laboratory, including JPL applied

burdens, are billed to the Government as a direct charge at

"5 the rates in effect at the time the work is accomplished.

Government audit is performed on a continuing basis by a

Department of Defense Contract Audit Agency resident team.

In accordance with current procedures between NASA and

Caltech/JPL, funding of the California Institute of

Technology, Jet Propulsion Laboratory for the proposed effort

may be accomplished as indicated below.

3
B. Funding

Your requesting document (i.e., reimbursable order, MIPR,

purchase order, project order, agreement, etc.) should be

addressed to the NASA Contrating Officer for Contract NAS7-

100 as follows:

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

NASA Resident Office - JPL

4800 Oak Grove Drive

Pasadena, California 91109

Attention: Mr. DeVon E. Biggs, Contracting Officer

Mr. Biggs may be contacted at (213) 354-6050 or FTS 792-6050.

To prevent delays in NASA's processing and acceptance of

requested documents, it is essential that the following

information be included in each order:

a. Identification of the agency appropriation symbol and

title to be charged.

b. The individual or office to whom financial status reports

and billings are to be submitted.

c. The name, title, office code, and address of the proposed

technical project manager.

d. The name, title, address, and telephone number of the

cognizant contracting officer for this effort.

e. A statement as to whether your organization plans to

solicit or accept proposals for substantially the same

*. effort from private industrial, commercial, or other

profit making organizations.

The agreement or order may include a Statement of Work that

0 'delineates the work to be performed by JPL as long as the

scope is consistent with Part II of this proposal. It is

4
intended that JPL will perform all work in accordance with

Part II, except as may be mutually modifed and agreed to, and

under the terms of Contract NAS7-100. The agreement or order

should also reference JPL's proposal number and date.

C. JPL Authorization

The above described contractual arrangement will permit the

addition of a task order to Contract NAS7-100 for existing

programs/projects at JPL specifying the work to be performed

for the Army Research Institute (ARI).

D. Technical Direction

Responsibility and authority in the technical direction of

this effort is that of ARI.

* VI. ACCOUNTABILITY OF DELIVERABLE PROPERTY

As all work performed by JPL under any order or agreement entered

into as a result of this Proposal is subject to the provisions of Contract

NAS7-i00 between the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)

and the California Institute of Technology (Caltech), accountability of all

deliverable property under such order or agreement must remain with NASA

until final payment is made. On receipt of final payment and on request

from the Army Research Institute (ARI), NASA will effect transfer of

accountability of all such property to ARI.

VII. COST ESTIMATE

40

. 5

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5
APPENDIX D

Phase I Implementation Plan

26 September 1982

0

S5
0

&Appendix D

PHASE I IMPLEMENTATION PLAN

for

ARMY RESEARCH INSTITUTE

TRAINING RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT SYSTEM

o

Prepared by:

Prepared for

U. S. Army Research Institute

for Behavioral and Social Sciences

A. G. Silliman

Task Manager

Through an agreement with Approved by:

National Aeronautics and

Space AdministratioL. TO ~ j~d

R. L. Crabtree

Deputy Program Manager

Defense Information Systems

by

Jet Propulsion Laboratory September 26, 1982

California Institute of Technology

Pasadena, California

*
i . . . . . . . . . . . . . . r r - r- r' r r* .

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PAGE

I INTRODUCTION ........................................ 1

.11. APPLICABLE/REFERENCE DOCUMENTS ...................... 1

III. TASK BACKGROUND ..................................... I

. IV. TASK OBJECTIVES ..................................... 3

V. TASK POLICIES AND CONSTRAINTS ....................... 3

VI. USER REQUIREMENTS ................................... 4

VIII SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE .................................

VIII. PHASE I WORK PLAN ...................................

A. WORK UNIT DESCRIPTIONS ..........................

B. ORGANIZATION AND RESPONSIBILITIES ............... 12-

C. WORK BREAKDOWN STRUCTURE ......................... 14

D. INTERFACE DESCRIPTION ........................... 15

E. SCHEDULE ........................................ 15

IX. DOCUMENTATION ....................................... 15

X. PROCUREMENT .......................... 15

I. QUALITY ASSURANCE, SAFETY AND RELIABILITY ........... 17

XII REPORTS AND REVIEWS ................................. 18

XIII. PROPERTY ACCOUNTABILITY............................. 18

XIV. RESOURCE PLANS ...................................... 19

*U APPENDICES

A. ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ...................... 21

FIGURES K Figure 1. Phase I System Architecture .............. 5

'0 Figure 2. TRADS Computer System Layout ............ 9

Figure 3. Task Organization ...................... 13

Figure 4. Phase I TRADS Schedule .................. 16

Figure 5. Resource Plans ........................... 20

TABLES

Table 1. Estimated Equipment List ................. 8

* 57

ii
. 

 

I. INTRODUCTION

In June 1982 the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) proposed Phase I of

the Training Research and Development System (TRADS) to the Army Research

Institute for Behavorial and Social Sciences (ARI). That proposal was

accepted and the task was started on August 13, 1982. In the interim period

between the proposal submittal and the start of work on Phase I, a Task Plan

for Phases II and III was completed.

This Phase I Implementation Plan describes the Jet Propulsion

Laboratory's plans for Phase I of the TRADS. Specific objectives to be

achieved during this phase ai.d the resource requirements for accomplishing

them are included. This document supplies a plan of operation within the

framework of Proposal 80-1927, dated June 22, 1982.

II. APPLICABLE/REFERENCE DOCUMENTS

The following documents apply to this task:

A. Army Research Institute Training Research and Development

System, JPL Proposal Number 80-1927, dated June 22, 1982.

B. Army Research Institute Training Research and Development

System Phases II a id III, JPL Task Plan Number 80-2007, dated

August 30, 1982.

III. TASK BACKGROUND

During the past decade a growing concern developed within the United

States Army over the lack of training available at the Battalion level and

higher. This concern is based in part on the realization that the United

States must meet the numerical superiority of the Soviet threat with a higher

degree of ooordination between military units than existing squad and company

home-station training provides. These circumstances combined with

technological advances such as engagement simulation and position

determination systems led the U. S. Army to place a high priority on the

deielopment of a National Training Center (NTC).

* - " . .-.. _ ~ m lu~m' -M mll l._
The NTC is currently operating at Fort Irwin, California. Through

. ' the use of highly sophisticated state-of-the-art equipment, NTC provides the

most realistic simulated battlefield environment available to a peacetime

Army. The NTC accomplishes intra-Battalion and inter-Battalion coordination

and training. Battalions are transported to this facility where they conduct

critical training tasks that cannot be performed at home stations. To assist

in this training, the NTC includes an instrumentation system for the

collection and display of data during the training exercises. This data is

used to formulate After Action Reviews and take home diagnostic packages.

While the NTC is a key element in the Army strategy for improving

combat readiness, it only provides the mechanism for training. The army needs

* a coherent strategy for improving and monitoring the combat readiness of its

combined arms forces. Advanced combat training programs suitable for the NTC

must be designed. Mechanisms and procedures for integration of home-stations

and NTC training and evaluation must be developed. Unit performance

measurement capabilities must be improved and integrated with training

* systems. Feedback capabilities must be improved to support Army decisions on

* requirements, readiness, and policies. To fulfill these needs and to ensure

that the NTC potential will be fully realized, the Army has established a

program for developing new research capability and analytical tools to profit

from the massive amounts of data collected during NTC operations.

This research program will be conducted by the Army Research

Institute Field Unit at the Presidio of Monterey (ARI-POM), California. In

order to carry out this mission, ARI requires a Training Research and

Development System which permits extensive off-line analyses of data recorded

* during NTC training exercises. This document provides an implementation plan

for Phase I of this system.

2
IV. TASK OBJECTIVES

A. LONG TERM OBJECTIVES

The long term objectives of this task are to:

1. Establish a research system to enable evaluation and

analysis of Army unit training data from the NTC and other

sources.

2. Provide long term technical support to ARI on training

evaluation and research issues.

B. PHASE I OBJECTIVES

Specific objectives to be accomplished in Phase I are:

1. Procurement, installation, and checkout of the basic TRADS

computer system.

2. Site development necessary to support the TRADS at the ARI-

* POM facility

V, TASK POLICIES AND CONSTRAINTS

The following policies, and constraints are imposed on this task:

* A. The basic TRADS computer system will be procured before the

system design is complete. This policy supports the requirement

to establish the basic system as early as practicable in order

to perform limited analysis on existing NTC data.

B. The basic TRADS computer system must be compatible with the NTC

instrumentation system to maximize the use of NTC hardware

designs and softwareand to process NTC data tapes.

C. The selection of TRADS components will include evaluation of

quality and reliability factors; however, the TRADS is

constrained to use commercial grade equipment without redundancy

or uninterruptable power techniques. These constraints support

- the intended use of the TRADS as an off-line, non-tactical

system.

* ti,)

3
VI. USER REQUIREMENTS

The user requirements for Phase I are:

A. A system that provides as much capability as possible consistent

with the funding available for Phase I.

B. Arrangement of the system in the manner that is convenient to

use.

C. Provide power, air-conditioning, raised flooring and a layout

plan to support future expansion of the TRADS.

VII. SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE

A. Figure 1 shows the architecture of the computer system which

will be delivered in Phase I. This system includes a VAX 11/780

computer with a fixed disk of 516M bytes and a magnetic tape

deck. A floating point accelerator, a 2M byte extended memory,

* a line printer, and an alphanumeric-video terminal are also

included in this system. This configuration duplicates a

portion of the NTC central instrumentation system. In later

phases this duplication will allow use of the computer system

with NTC generated software for data presentation and analysis.

VII. PHASE I WORK PLAN

A. WORK UNIT DESCRIPTIONS

The plans formulated by JPL for support of the TRADS task during

Phase I are presented in this section. In general, the

* individual jobs are described without reference to schedule. A

separate schedule is then provided to show how the jobs

interrelate and when they will be performed.

*O The following work units have been designed to fulfill the Phase

I objectives and meet the user requirements, policies and

constraints. Accomplishment of these work units will also

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achieve progress toward the long term objectives by

establishment of a basic research system and establishment of a

JPL team which is familiar with ARI and NTC.

1. Procurement of the Phase I TRADS Computer System

JPL has initiated two procurement activities for the

acquisition of computer hardware and software. During Phase

I, these subcontract activities will involve the following:

a. Procurement of a DEC VT125-AA Graphic Video Terminal.

This terminal was procurred separately due to an

immediate need by ARI, and was delivered early in this

phase.

b. Procurement of the basic computer system consisting of

the following items:

Ontax Make/ode Anj D&srintion

1 DEC SVAX VCA-CA System

1 DEC QE100-AY VAX-11 FORTRAN

1 DEC FP780-AA Floating Point

Accelerator

1 DEC LXY21-Sy 600 LP Printer

1 DEC MS780-DD 2MB ECC Memory

Delivery, installation and checkout of this system will

be the last activity of Phase I.

2. Site Development

The TRADS will be housed in building T-110 at the Presidio

of Monterey. Four rooms within that building will be

involved in site development necessary to support the TRADS

system. These rooms are:

Room 13 - Printer room

Room 14 - Main computer room

Room 16 - Storage room for tapes, disks and supplies

Room 19 - Present entry to main computer room

6
0 Although the TRADS is being developed in several phases, the

site development to be completed in Phase I is intended to

support the final system configuration. The equipment listed

in Table I is estimated to represent the final TRADS

configuration for the purposes of calculating power

and air-conditioning requirements, Pd for developing a

computer system layout.

The following seven site development items must be

accomplished to support the TRADS JPL will assist ARI with

these items as described below and will confirm site

readiness before installation of the computer system. Other

facility issues such as lighting, painting, and fire

protection are the responsibility of ARI.

a. C System Layout Figure 2 shows the TRADS layout

for the computer, the power distribution unit for the

computer, air-conditioning, and storage. The NTC

controller stations and terminals for the research

psychologists to be added in later phases are not shown.

Other areas within Building T-110, to be developed by

ARI will be used for those stations and terminals.

b. Doorways The doorway changes listed below are required

and are to be accomplished by AR.

i. Either the door between Rooms 14 and 19 or the

outside door to Room 19 must be made exit only to

minimize dust that could enter from the outside.

ii. A new doorway (but no door) is to be installed

between Rooms 14 and 16 as indicated in Figure 1.

This will provide easy access to storage in Room

16. The old door to Room 16 should be

permanently closed off.

iii. Currently, there is a doorway (but no door)

between Rooms 13 and 14. A door should be

installed to improve the computer room

cleanliness.

0

7
• @TABLE 1. ESTIMATED EQUIPMENT LIST

ACM WATT BTU/HR

DEC VAX 11/780 10,800 43,800

SV-AXVCA-CA

120/208V 60 Hz

FP-780 300 1,025

LXY21 (2) 900 3,078

MS 780 630 2,148

RH 780 150 512

TU 78 1,500 5,120

RM05 (4) 5,840 19,912

H9602 2,000 6,824

RP07 2,051' 7,000

U OPS CAB 2,448 8,352

PDS 2,040

TOTAL 26,619 99,811

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c. o Flrng The JPL Facility Engineering Section

will develop a detailed drawing of the raised flooring

for Room 14. The flooring will include seismic bracing

which requires attachment to the existing concrete

floor. The Facility Section will also prepare

procurement specifications and subcontract the

installation of this flooring.

d. Air-Conditioning Three wall-hung air-conditioning units

of 3 1/2 ton capacity each will be required for Room 14.

JPL will procure the units and the diffuser grills and

will fabricate the transiticn adapters. JPL will also

furnish air-conditioning layout plans to ARI. ARI will

install these units and will move the window airconditioner located in Room 14 to Room 13.

e. Eetia Reouirements JPL has sized 'electrical

requirements for the two items addressed below:

0 i. Each of the three new air-conditioners require

18.9 amps at 230/208 volts. JPL will provide

circuit breaker and service disconnect sizing

recommendations to ARI. Service for these units

is to be installed by ARI.

ii. The computer power will be distributed through a

computer power distribution unit that will be

procurred by JPL. This unit will provide power

to all the computer equipment to be located in

Rooms 13 and 14. In addition to power

distribution, this unit will provide filtering,

isolation, monitoring, and emergency shut-off

for various fault conditions. ARI will provide a

three phase, 100 amp, 208 volt electrical service

to this unit and will also connect the service to

the J-Box supplied with the power distribution

unit.

1

4; "

10
f. P Line Digital Equipment Corporation's (DEC's)

Remote Diagnosis is an integral part of the VAX standard

diagnostic coverage. This Remote Diagnosis provides

diagnostic service by a remote DEC Service Center, using

a phone line connected to the VAX computer. To use this

diagnostic feature, ARI must provide a direct-dial phone

line with an RJ11-C voice-grade Jack at the location

indicated in Figure 2.

3. Integration and Test

The schedule in Section VII.E indicates a plan to have all

the site development work completed by the time the VAX

computer system is delivered. The delivery company will

move the crated equipment into the computer room. DEC

installation personnel will then uncrate the equipment, set

* it up and perform system checkout. JPL will ensure the

setup and checkout is performed but will not conduct any JPL

acceptance testing.

Should the equipment be delivered before the site

development is complete, ARI must provide a temporary

storage area. Once the site work has been completed, ARI

will have to move the crated equipment into the computer

room. Then JPL will schedule DEC service to perform setup

and checkout. JPL and ARI must mutually integrate the site

development work and the system setup and checkout.

* 4. Preparation for Follow-On Activity

A Task Plan for Phases II and III has been completed. This

Plan includes the objectives and scope of work for Phases II

.and III. However, the system functional requirements and

*@ the system functional design for the complete TRADS must be

developed before Implementation Plans can be written for

these follow-on phases. In preparation for the follow-on

phases, JPL will study both the functional requirements and

' 11
the functional design during Phase I. This study will

include discussing the requirements with ARI and reviewing

documentation supplied by ARI consisting of ARI plans for

research and development activities related to the NTC, NTC

operations, and Army training and training development

processes.

B. ORGANIZATION AND RESPONSIBILITIES

1. Organization

The TRADS is organized as a task within the Defense

Information Systems Program Office. The task organization

is shown in Figure 3. Technical expertise residing within

the Defense Program Office and the Technical Divisions,

under direct control of the Task Manager, will be utilized

to perform the system integration. Site development

engineering will be performed by the JPL Facility

Engineering Section through the use of Facility Service

Requests. The JPL Procurement Division will conduct the

necessary procurements using standard JPL procurement

policies. Procurement personnel will work with the Task

Manager and other TRADS personnel as required for each

procurement.

2. Technical Control and Direction

Control and direction within JPL will be exercised by the

JPL Task Manager. JPL meetings are held approximately

weekly with each engineer reporting the status of TRADS

[4 activities in his area. These meetings are supplemented

with ad b= conferences and communications when needed to

ensure coordination and control. An additional means of

control is the preparation of the monthly technical progress

and financial status and other reports, plans, and

presentations designed tc provide schedule and resource

status, problem identification, approaches to problem

solutions, and technical results to JPL and ARI management.

12
* Figure 3. Task Organization

JPL

Task Manager I

I System II Site II Procurement I

IIntegration IIDevelopment 1 Specialist I

IEngineering1 Engineering I I

13
S3. Financial Control

The TRADS Task Manager will be responsible for financial

control of this task. Control will be exercised by approval

of all procurement requisitions, work orders, and travel

requests and by reviewing direct time charges each week.

The existing JPL System for Resource Management (SRM) will

be used for planning, analysis, and reporting of financial

data. Comparison and analysis of monthly Resource Status

Reports provided by the JPL SRM system, against these plans

will be conducted so that status can be reported on a

regular basis to JPL and ARI management.

C. WORK BREAKDOWN STRUCTURE

Only one SRM will be used for planning and control'of Phase I.

Adequate visibility will be available by the use of the

following line entries on the SRM:

1. JPL Workforce - Task Management and System Integration (a

maximum of three people) will be charged to this line entry.

System Integration will include the preliminary system

design, preparation of Automatic Data Processing Equipment

plans and specifications necessary for equipment

procurement, preparation of the Phase I Implementation Plan,

preparation of the Phase II Implementation Plan and

coordination of facility and procurement issues.

2. Travel - All travel costs will be accumulated on this line

entry.

3. Service - Reproduction and documentation costs will be

accumulated on this line entry.

A. System Procurement - Basic computer system hardware and

softwari procurement costs will be accumulated on this line

entry.

71

- *T - - .. " i ' ". * . '.
*- 5. Facilities - Facility engineering costs and facility

procurement costs for air-conditioning, flooring, and the

power distribution unit will be accumulated on this line

.- -entry.

D. INTERFACE DESCRIPTION

Meetings will be held with ARI as required to define

requirements and discuss status plans and problems. These

* meetings will be arranged by the JPL Task Manager with support

and participation by TRADS personnel as ne4ed. These meetings

will be supplemented with a h= conferences and communications

*when needed to ensure coordination and control. JPL may also

initiate conferences with NTC subcontractors for the purposes of

obtaining information on the NTC design and performance.

E. SCHEDULE

-O The Phase I schedule is shown in Figure 4. Phase I will end at

the completion of delivery and check out of the computer system.

IX. DOCUMENTATION

Phase I documentation will consist of monthly technical progress and

financial status reports to ARI, this Phase I Implementation Plan, and site

development drawings. No formal documentation plan is required for this task.

X. PROCUREMENT

Subcontracts will be awarded by JPL in accordance with established

JPL procurement policies and procedures. A contract Technical Manager and a

Contract Negotiator will be assigned by JFL for each subcontract to prepare

the procurement package and to provide the required contract management.

A Request for Proposal (RFP) or Request for Quctation (RFQ) will be

* issued by JPL only after thorough review and approval by JPL management.

Preparation of the RFP or RFQ will ordinarily include establishment of a

Io 7 2

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source list, preparation of evaluation criteria, preparation of a statement of

work, listing of applicable requirements, and preparation of the RFP or RFQ

instructions.

JPL will work with vendors to assure that they remain on schedule

and meet all performance specifications. Only established vendors and proven

commercially available products shall be selected, except where NTC

compatibility demands otherwise. Vendor progress will be reported in the

monthly progress reports to ARI.

JPL will monitor the installation and checkout of all equipment by

vendors, conduct or monitor all required equipment acceptance tests, and

assure that any equipment deficiencies are corrected by the vendor.

XI. QUALITY ASSURANCE, SAFETY, AND RELIABILITY

A. QUALITY ASSURANCE

Since Phase I involves a low quantity of commercial items, a

quality assurance plan is not required. Task engineers will be

responsible for verification of delivery, condition of delivery,

and proper installation and checkout.

B. SAFETY

A safety plan is not required for this task. The facility

designs prepared by JPL will provide both personnel and

equipment safety. The safety codes normally used at JPL will be

followed since the Presidio of Monterey is not under

jurisdication of the Monterey Building and Safety Department.

All electrical equipment to be delivered will be U. L. listed.

A commercial computer power distribution unit will supply power

to all the computer hardware, thus preventing overloaded

circuits.

* 74

17 ' . . '-_ .
" "C. RELIABILITY

A reliability plan is not required for this task. The policies

and constraints stated in Paragraph V.C will be followed. This

includes the evaluation of reliability in the selection of all

TRADS components.

III. REPORTS AND REVIEWS

Monthly technical progress and financial status reports will be

submitted to ARI in JPL letter type format. No formal reviews are planned for

Phase I. Informal reviews within JPL will be conducted. These will consist

of discussions on task-related matters between the Task Manager and

individuals performing the work and between the Task Manager and both line and

program management. These informal reviews will provide assurance that

quality and consistency with JPL objectives are being met.

XIII. PROPERTY ACCOUNTABILITY

JPL's property accounting system is in accordance with the NASA

Financial Management Manual and Appendix B to the NASA Procurement Regulation

as approved by NASA. Uniquely identifiable property numbers will be assigned

to all accountable equipment (both purchased and GFE), a responsible

individual will be identified for each item, and the equipment will be

inventoried annually. A list of purchased and GFE accountable equipment will

be reported to ARI in the monthly technical progress and financial status

reports.

As all work performed by JPL under any order or agreement entered

into in the conduct of this task is subject to the provisions of Contract

NAS7-918 between the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and

the California Institute of Technology, accountability of all deliverable

* property under such order or agreement must remain with NASA until final

payment is made. On receipt of final payment and on request from NASA will

effect transfer of accountability of all such property to ARI.

* 71)

18
S ' XIV. RESOURCE PLANS

Figure 5 shows the planned obligation and manpower for Phase I.

The workforce reduction at the end of November indicates the

completion of all Phase I activities except installation and checkout of the

computer system. The installation and checkout that is scheduled for

completion in December will terminate Phase I. Contingency funding is planned

for 1/2 man through January to cover unexpected late deliveries.

1

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5 0 - - - - - - -

PhaseI

* 400Funding

L/n 0 ==c 300

CD200 4PLANNED OBLIGATIONS

C~r

* 0100

ISEPT IOCT I NOV I DEC IJAN IFEB

1982 1983

5

4

* LI~3

2 ~PLAN

-- -- ISEPT 1 OCT I NOV I DEC J JAN FE

- ~ ---- + FGU RE- 5;--- RESDURCE PLANS

- - 20
APPENDICES

A. ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS

ARI Army Research Institute

DEC Digital Equipment Corporation

JPL Jet Propulsion Laboratory

NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration

NTC National Training Center

POM Presidio of Monterey

RFP Request for Proposal

RFQ Request for Quotation

SRM System for Resource Management

TRADS Training Research and Development System

• 70'

21
APPENDIX E

ADP Equipment Acquisition Plan

25 August 1982
* Appendix E

"" .7:7if!1'" -flADR EQUIPMENT ACQUISITION PLAN

VG4 I. IX P-,, 'o V1,l. A W110"

AP. 453

p

@ August 25, 1982

(Date)

Army Research Institute

Training Rescarch and Development System

(Descriptive Title)

A. C. Silliman

(Prcpared By)

I-"

j Jf' 

* I. -""----
* JPL

AP-4 53

08/25/82

ABSTRACT

The Jet Propulsion Laboratory is supporting the Army Research

Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences in the development of a

research capability which will be used to study Army unit training. This

ADPE Acquisition Plan which covers Phase I of the task, is for the

- procurement of the computer and associated ADPE equipment for this research

capabll Lty.

The Army Research Institute will utilize data obtained at the

ti iconal Training Center located at Fort Irwin, California. In order to

-udy Lhis data, the Army Research Institute must install the identical

O coIlLrol center configuration as exists at the National Training Center, to

!;i,,1L1st operations, utilize already developed programs and to write new

programs for their use. Thus, this plan specifies the acquisition of a

-DigiLal Equipment Corporation VAX-11/780 system and peripheral devices.

The system cost is estimated to be $343,800 end will be procured

competitvely. The system life is expected to be over eight (8) years,

sInce the National Training Center upgrade is not expected until the

0

1990"s.

S

. . . . . . ....

" -. - - b 
J 1FL

AP-453

08/25/82

~jiT TAB~LE OF CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION I of 14

" II. FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS 2 of 14

III. ALTERNATIVES CONSIDERED 3 of 14

IV. PROPOSED SYSTEM 3 of 14

V. JUSTIFICATION 4 of 14

VI. ADP EQUIPmENT LIST 4 of 14

VII. UTILIZATION 5 of 14

V111. LEASE vs PURCHASE ANALYSIS 5 of 14

IX. PROCUREMENT METHOU 6 of 14

X. FUNDING SUMMARY 6 of 14

X[. ASCII COMPATIBLE 7 of 14

XlI. IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE 7 of 14

XIII. JPL AUTOMATIC DATA PROCESSING PLAN REFERENCE 7 of 14

XIV. FACILITY DESCRIPTION 8 of 14

XV. SECURITY PROVISION 8 of 14

XVI. APPENDIX 9 of 14

A. Glossary of Ters 9 of 14

* B. Army Research Institute, Phase I 10 of 14

Training Research and Development

System Block Diagram

C. Acquisition Plan Cost Estimate Worksheet 11 of 14

4.7 D. IOM: Justification of the Sole Source 13 of 14

Specification for the Training Research

and Development Computer System

mS

Sli

•...........................................................
JPL

AP-453

08/25/82

I. INTRODUCTION

The National Training Center (NTC) at Fort Irwin, California,

provides the most realistic training available to a modern peacetime army.

Consequently, the NTC has the potential for greatly improving the training

of maneuver arms battalions, thereby enhancing the training component of

combat readiness. For this potential to be fully realized, there is a

critical need to develop new research capability and analytical tools to

profit from the massive amounts of data collected during NTC operations.

This capability is necessary to support both the current NTC Phase I

nperations and refinements as well as the future design of the NTC Phase II

systcr. Key areas in need of improvement include performance measurement

nnd dingr-osis, training information display and feedback, and tactical

operaLlons analysis. Further, unit training must be considered as a total

integrated system; NTC and home-station training practices must both be

considered when designing systems for improving the proficiency of tactical

units. Finally, NTC-generated data will be important for research on

issues beyond unit training and training management. The new research

capabliity must be able to support diverse Army R&D priorities ranging from

problems in manned-systems integration to problems in personnel

acquisition, assignment, and retention.

This research will be performed by the Army Research Institute

Field Unit at the Presidio of Monterey (ARI-POM), California. This Field

Unit has the mission within ARI of conducting research on unit training and

performance measurement. In order to carry out this mission, ARI requires

a Training Research and Development System which is fully compatible with

that developed for the NTC and which can expand to permit extensive off-

.O line analyses of data recorded during NTC training exercises.

1 of 14
-..... -

JPL

&F-453

08/25/82

This system will be installed at ARI-POM California. Site

preparation support w£ll be given to ARL JPL will be responsible for the

implementation of the system, which includes the installation of the

equipment, installation of the software, integration of any upgrade and

maintenance of the system during the 2 1/2 years of the task. Thereafter,

the system will be transferred to AR.

In subsequent phases of the task, JPL will develop the capability

for ARI to organize and use the vast amount of data that is acquired at

NTC. A comprehensive data base management system will be developed to

allow for efficient usage of the simulated battlefield acquired data.

Addit ionally, investigations will be made into the use of three dimensional

computer graphics to improve NTC displays. Other data base utilization,

stch as line-of-sight alporithms for Fort Irwin, California will also be

invescigated. JPL, with its background in data base systems and computer

grphics, is well suited to provide ARI with the required research support.

II. FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS

JFL will support the implementation of the ARI Training Research

and Development System as well as developing of tools to utilize the NTC

data.

The procurement of the computer system for the Training Research

and Development System which will be installed at ARI-POM is the principal

component of the initial phase of the task to spport AR. This system must

be compatible with the existlng DEC VAX 11/780 computer system at NTC to

take advantage of the software developed for NTC use, and to enable the

creation of new software that can be used by NTC.

The equipment list presented in this plan is the Phase I

procurement items. A study will be performed during this Phase I to

0 _determine the exact additional equipment to fulfill the ARI mission needs.

* 2 of 14
SJ 'L

AP-453

08/25/82

Speciai NTC equipment as weLl as expanded system needs for research will be

examined. The additional equipment if .required will be procured during

Phase 11 of this task. A new ADPE acquisition plan or a revision to this

plan will be developed depending upon the outcome of the study.

III. ALTERNATIVES CONSIDERED

Because of the requirement that the system be an exact copy of

the NTC VAX system, the use of a VAX based computer system is a necessity.

Because of the requirement that the system be installed at ARI-POM,

C-ilifornia this precludes the use of any system at JPL.

An examination or- GSA, NASA and JPL surplus ADPE lists indicates

S tlhat Lhure Ls no available ADPE equipment thar meets the requirements of

thLs plan.

IV. PROPOSED SYSTDI

The required ADPE system must duplicate a subset of the existing

NTC computer configuration. The NTC system has multiple Digital Equipment

Corporation VAX 11/780 computer systems. The required Training Research

and Development System configuration is shown ir Appendix B and the ADPE

components are listed in Section VL

V. JUSTIFICATION

JPL has undertaken the task to assist ARI in the development of

training research and development mission. JPL is required to provide and

Implement the baseline computer system in the exact configuration as

currently is used in NTC. In order to accomplish this implementation, JPL

must procure the computing equipment listed in this Plan.

3 of 14

.: .-: .... ..: .: ..::: ...: .,.. -. ..,.,.. .... ... :.-.. .....-.... .. ...... .,. .•....,.. .. ... .. .-,...... ................ . .... 
0" J PL

A.P-453

08/25/82

~ yszz:VI. AL)!' EQUIPMENT LIST

It (m Qty Item Functional Purchase Monthly Month

I Model I Description Price Lease Maint

Rate Rate

1. 1 ea DEC SV-AXVCA-CA VAX-11/780 CPU $300,000 $ 12,000 $ 1,1

2MB ECC KOS Memory

516 MB Fixed Disk

Drive with MBA

6250/1600 b/in Tape

T-ansport with

MBA

8 line Asynchronous

Multiplexer

Console Termiral

VAX/VYS Opera.-ing

System

2. 1 en DEC FP 780-AA Uigh-performance $ 11,200 $ 448

Floating Point

Accelerator

3. 1 Ca DEC LXY21-SY 132-column, 96- 15,800 1,264

character dot

matrix printer

and plotter with

control unit

4. 1 ea DEC MS780-DD 2 MB ECC MOS 13,000

expansion memory

5. 1 Ca DEC VT125-AA Extended 3,800 152

Alphanume rc

Video Terminal

with Data Plotting S Extensions. Bit

Map Graphics,

Automatic vector

and curve

generation

Total $343,800 $ 13,864 $1

* 4 of 14
JPL

AP-453

08/25/82

Vii. UTILL.ZATLON

The anticipated period of use of this equipment is until 1990

after which an upgrade is possible in support of the next generation NTC.

Utilization is expected to be about 8 hours per day, 5 days per week. The

work load is expected to be divided among various efforts in programming

and operational analysis.

Projected Workload:

Science and Engineering: 50Z

Data Reduction: 25Z

Simulation: 25Z

VIII. LEASE vs PURCHASE ANALYSIS

N - 96 months

Pwrchase Cost - P + M + I

P - Basic Purchase Price - $343,800

H - haintenance Costs 130,848

(96 months) x ($ 1,363)

I - Interest Costs

(14%) x ($343,800) x (96+12)/24 - 216,594

Total Cost to eurchase $691,242

Lense Cost - L + M + T

L - basic Lease Cost , $1,339,944

(96 months) x ($ 13,864)

H Maintenance not included in L 130,848

(96 months) x ($ 1,363)

T - California Use Tax *

Total Cost to Lease - $1,461,792

* L Lse cost used for GSA schedule and

does not include state use tax

* 5 of 14

.................................................. "...... It - V V--V
* JPL

AP-453

08/25/82

T£hIs analysis indicates that the least cost option is to procure

the specified system.

IX. PROCUREMENT METHOD

This system is proposed to be procured as a competitive

* procurement. The procurement, however, must provide to ARI the exact

configuration as currently utilized by NTC. The sole source specification

justlfication for the Digital Equipment Corporation VAX 11/780 computer

system is attached to this plan as Appendix D.

Thit; procuremeut will provide the initial Training Research and

Development System. Procurement method for any future equipment

reqluircie,2,t will be dctermined at that time.

X. FUNDING SUMMARY

The funding will be wholly from Account Code P735-60203-0--8300.

JPL will procure the system in FY82, install it in FY83,

maintain the system through the first half FY85 and transfer all activities

to ARI at the conclusion of the task on April 1, 1985.

FY82 FY83 FY84 FY85

* Acquisition Costs

Purchase $343,800 $ -0- $ -0- $ -0-

Burden Cost 53,633

* Total Acquisition Cost $397,433 $ -0- $ -0- $ -0-

*I 6 of 14
JPL

0: AP-453

08/25/82

FY82 FY83 FY84 FY85

Operational Costs

Maintcnance $ -0- $ 13,360 $ 16,356 $ 6,815

Installation* -0- -0- -0- -0-

Site Preparation Equipment 90,000 -0- -0- -0-

Burden Cost 14,040 2,126 2,552 1,063

Total Operational Cost $104,040 $ 15,756 $ 18,908 $ 7,878

Total Planned Cost $501,473 $ 15,756 $ 18,908 $ 7,878

* Included in the purchase price.

6 XI. ASCII COMPATIBLE

This system is to be fully ASCII compatible. No exemption is

-............. r quested.

XII. IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE

Acquisition Plan approved 14 Sept.,1982

Purchase Order issued 1B Oct., 1982

Facility Preparation completed 17 Dec., 1982

Equipment Delivered 17 Dec., 1982

LEuiplp cl Operational 7 Jan., 1983

Equipment Transfer to ARI 1 Apr., 1985

XIII. JPL AUTOMATIC DATA PROCESSING PLAN REFERENCE

The proposed acquisition does not appear in the JPL 1984 ADP

Plan, dated 14/Aug/1982, but will appear in all future issues as part of

NASA/CSA FMC 74-2 System NC-55-07-TR, JPL ADPAR Index 07-67.

41 7 of 14
JPL

AP-453

08/25/82

XIV. FACILITY DESCRIPTION

The VAX-I1/780 will be installed at a facility at ARI-POH,

California.

Facility preparation will include; power conditioning, power

distribution, environmental conditioning and computer flooring. ARI has

designated the building and rooms that will be modified to support the

system.

- The estimated facility preparation cost is $90K which includes

the cost foe power conditioning, power distribution, environmental

• conditioning and flooring.

XV. SECURITY PROVISION

The facility is located at the Presidio of Monterey, in Monterey,

Caifornia a U. S. Army facility. Access to the facility is controlled.

-' - *he facility contains an inner office that will be used for software media

storage. Also, JPL will house at JPL Pasadena, a duplicate set of all

;oftware provided by JPL during the duration of this task for backup

purpose.

8 of 14
- ---.- -""

JPL

AP-453

08125/82

XVI. AIYNELX

A. Glossary of terms

ADPE Automatic Data Processing Equipment

ASCII American Standard Code for Information Interchange

ARI Army Research Institute

b/in. bits per inch

DEC Digital Equipment Corp.

JPL Jet Propulsion Laboratory

H8 Mega Byte

NTC National Training Center, Fort Irwin, CA

4 POM Presidio of Monterey

1

,, 9

9 Cof 14
C6 0

E4-

LA

-4 cc

'2". _ .. ...... _z ",

4.C.)r

•- \ 0. --

b-.-

o 0 ,

0

00

L.J u 0 00

~a c L ,,E u, S 4, 1

~C>2 C) 4

<LL A- 0. 0 0

-0

ca. -. 4~0

Cld

IA C4 c

0 ej .

.- ' c 0

* U

to of 1-
APPENDIX F

Training Research and Development System

Phases II and III

30 August 1982

I

9|.
.. 

~r4 ~ 4 - .-~ - Appendix. F

AR."1Y RESEARCH 1:USTITUTE

TRAINING RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMZNT SYSTEM

PHASES II AND III

to

ARM-Y RESEARCH INSTITUTE

FOR THE

BEHAVIORAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCES

5001 Eisenhower Avenue

A-lexandria, Virginia 22333

JPL Task Plan No. 80-2007

August 30, 1982

Prepared by: Prepared by:

A. G. Silliman C.E. Herberge

Task Manager Contracts Ad=nistrator

Specialist

.Approved for the Jet Approved for the California

Propulsion Laboratory: Institute of Technology:

Cc ~Terhrie, Jr. .Dona~d\R. Fowle r

Acri&g Director Gener) Counsel

Jet Propulsion Laboratory

California Institute of Technology

Pasadena, California 91109

Fi~ -.
;i • Pap _e

- I INTRODUCTION . .. . .. . . . .... . . . .1

A. background . ........ ........

B" ObjcCLv ............. .............

11. BUSINESS AND COST ................ ........... 2

A. SCOPIE OF WORK ........... ........ .......... 2

1. Phase II ................. .. ........ 2

2. Phase III .............. ..... .............. 2

-1. DIELLVEIRY SCHEDULE ....... . ...... .......... 3

l. JPL will deliver to ARI ................... 3

2. ARI %.-ll provide JPL ................ 4

C. PERIOD OF PEROR.iACF.................. ....... 4

D. PROPOSED Coh'.RACTUAL AJ-..ACE.ENTS............. 4

1. Ceneral..... ... ...... ....... 4

2. Funding ................ .

3. JPL Authorizacion.o........ . 6

S4. Technical Direcron ............... 6

E. ACCOUNTABILITY OF DELIVERABLE PROPERTY......... 6

F.* COST ESTfILATE ..................... . .......... . 7

LO

I.

iT

.- * -*.
~~ -~~ . v - - -

INTrotiucTius

A. Background

Thq National Training Center (ONTC) at Fort Irwin, California,

is developing an incerated system for craining and

evaluaLLon of cutbinud acmi; battalions. Thii &ystem providte

a higjhly realistic simulated battlefield environment,

supported by a t ate-of-the-art Instrumentatlon system. The

scale, complexity, and realism of the exercises planned for

the NTC have never bcfore been conducted. To ensure that the

NTC potential will be fully realized, the Army hag

established a program for developing new rescarch capability

and analytLcal Lou I: tu prof I froi tI* h=a s. ivL VCaou$t b orf

data collected during XTC operations. Key areas to be

researched include performance mcasurement- and diagnosis,

training information display and feedback, and tactical

operations analysis.

This research will be performed by the Army Research

Institute Field Unit at the Presidio of Monterey (ARI-POX),

California. In order to carry out this mission, AXI requires

a Training Research and Development System which is fully

compatible with the NTC instrumentation system and which

permits extensive off-line analyses of data recorded during

NTC training exercises.

B. Objective

The Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) submitted Proposal

number 80-1927, dated June 22, 1982, to ARI for

* implementation of the Training Research and Development

System. That Proposal outlined a three phased approach but

addressed only the Phase I effort and cost. ARI has accepted

that Proposal and funding has been received for a Phase I

start of August 13, 1982. The objective of this Task Plan is

to assist ARI in long term planning by proposing efforts to

be conducted in Phases II and II1 and providing cost

estimates for these phases.

96
BUSINESS A1% COSTA. SCOPE OF WORK

"" The Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) will implement, for ARI,

- Phases 1I and III or the Tralnint Rcscarch and Dcvclop=en. Sy!tcm -s.d wfll

assist ARI in developing research and duvelopment techniques to enhance Ehe

use of this system. In performance of thi task JFL wil!, on a best effort

basis:

1. Phase II

a. Prepare monthly technical prugress and financial

status reports, and conduct quarterly status meetings.

b. Expand the ?hase I sytem to retrieve data from the

primary NTC diata tapeu and to dlsplay the datl il the

NTC format. This expansion will be based on the 500

player ,;TC systcm.

c. Develop user requirements for conducting behavioral

and social science research on the NTrC data using the

Training Research and Development System.

d. Provide system maintenance of the Training Research

and Development System.

e. Prepare a System Inplc=entation Plan for Phase II.

f. Prepare a System Implementation Plan for Phase III.

2. Phase III

a. Prepare monthly technical progress and financial

status reports, and conduct quarterly status

meetings.

b. Design and implement a research data ba7se =ana~emeit

-. N syste.m for conducting research on the NTC "data.

c. Provide training to ARI-POH personnel in the use of

the research data base management system.

d. Assist ARI with the development of research and

development techniques for performance measurement

.* systems, advance analytic and modeling methods, and

unit training strategies for use on the Training and

Research and Development System.

* 97
* . 'rvv!JiF sybLvz -. I-fli~.&j1 0." O it Ir..ininj ;

and UuvelopmenL Syte.

f. Investigate the uhc of three dimensional computergraphics rendering techniques to inprove NXC displzys

for real time and home station use.

S 8. InvestLgate line-of-sight al orichzs for the Fort

Irwin terraln.

B. DELIVERY SCHEDULE

1. JPL wll delivcr to AR in JPL format:

a. Five copies of a monthly. letter type, technical

prugr;i; an financlal ucatuu rCporL on or before Lthe

twentieth day of each month covering the preceding

* month.

b. Five copies of the Phasc II System Iplemntaciom

Plan one month after the start of work.

c. The following will be delivered as specified in the

Phase II Syste. I=plementation Plad:

i. Phase II syste= expansion

ii. Five copies of the Users Require=cnts Document

d. Five copies of the Phase III System Implementation

Plan, twelve months after the start of work.

e. The following will be delivered as specified in the

Phase III System !=pIleentation Plan:

i. A research data b-ase r-anage=ent system

ii. Five copies of a Feasibility Report on the Use

of Three Dimensional Rendering

iii. Five copies of a Line-of-Sight Algorithms

Report

Iv. Training to API-POM personnel in the use of the

research data base management system

6 36

I....

--- -- . .j. . . . .,-. . -. - .,.-,U, ,.
2. AJIU wi-.: prC vLdC J ?. .ippruV 0 Lh e Sys:

Implcoentatlon Plans within ten (10) calcid.r days Jiter

receipt thereof.

C. PERIOD OF PEKFOKRJ1NCE

The period of performance will be for two yeari from the date

of execution of a Task Order between the National Aeronautics

and Space Administration and the California Institute of

Technology.

D. PROPOSED CONTRACTUAL ARRANCIEN-TS

1. General

The California Institute of Technology (Caltech) is *a

private nonprofit educational institution chartered under

the laws of the State of California. The Jet.Propulsion

Laboratory (JL) is an operating division oi Caltech.

Under Contract NAS7-100 with National Aeronautics and

Space Administration (NASA), Caltech/JPL performs certain

research and development tasks and other related

activities utilizing facilities provided by the

Cove rnent.

Contract NAS7-100 is a Co'st Reimbursable Educational

Institution type" contract. All costs incurred are billed

to the Covernment on a 100% reimburnable basis. The

costs to be charged to the proposed :ork would bVe

consistent with contractual provisions and'established

procedures for costing of the rurrent contract between

NASA and Caltech. All charges developed at the

Laboratory, including JPL applied burdens, are billed to

the Government as a direct charge at the rates in effect

at the cime the work is accomplished. Covern-ent audit

is performed on a continuing basis by a Department of

Defense Contract Audit Agency resident team.

- - . . . ..
in accord-.nce wi Li cur r"L p roc*u urc.. bt*L -icen : , A and

- Caicech/JFL, fundinLg oi Lhe Califurnia InsiLutC a1

"Technology. Jet Propulsion Laboracory for the proposed

effort may b.e accomplished as, indlcatcd below.

2. Fund Ing

Your requesting document (i.e., rcimbursable order, ?1IR,

purchase order, project order, agreement, etc.) should be

addressed to the NASA Contrating Officer for Contract

XAS7-l00 as follows:

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

NASA Kusidedt Office -- JFL

4800 Oak Crove Drive

Pasadena, California 91109

Attention: Mr. DeVon E. Biggs, Contracting Officer

Hr. Biggs may be contacted at (213) 3SI4-6050 or FTS 792-

6050.

To prevent delays in NASA's processing* and acceptance of

requested documents, it is essential that the following

information be included in each order:

a. Identification of the agency appropriation symbol and

title to be charged.

b. The individual or office to whom financial statu's

• reports and billings are to be submitted.

c. The name, title, office code, and address of the

proposed technical project manager.

d. The name, title, address, and telephone nu=ber of the

cognizant contracting officer for this effort.

. c. A statemcnt as to whether your organization plani to

solicit or accept proposals for substanti.'lly the

same effort from private industrial, commercial, or

other profit =aking organizations.

I:- .. ,--:..... . ..............................
The ai;res..-my1L or order ; .ay inc.ude j S r .. o,,ntI. i

that delineates Lhe work to be performed by JL a% !on,

as the scope is contistcnt with Part II of this proposal.

It is intended that JPL will perform all work In

accordance with Par" 11, except ai may be mutually

modifed and agreed to, and under the terms of Contract

NAS7-100. The agreemcnt or order should also reference

JPL's proposal number and date.

3. JPL Authorization

The above described contractual arrangement will Permit

the addition of a task order to CotnLract NAS7-100 for

ex1stlnL pro t..ir,=/pruvjct a t JeL ipccifyin) Lhe wurk Lo

be performed for the Army Research Institute (AXI).

4. Technical Direction

Technical direction and monitoring of

technical/cost/schedule performance is the responsibility

IIof ARI.

E. ACCOUNTABILITY OF DELIVERABLE PROPERTY

As all work performed by JPL under any order or agreement

entered into as a result of this Proposal is subject to the

provisions of Contract NAS7-100 between the National

Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the

California Institute of Technology (Caltech), accountability

of all deliverable property under such order or agreement

must remain with NASA until final paynent- is made. On

receipt of final payment and on request from the Army

Research Institute (ARI), NASA will effect transfer of

accountability of all such property to ARt.

I0

4

*. .~ o

., - - . -. " " . ~ .- -. '-. j.. - . . ' " ." _ - = .?. ' .. ,: - -
I L T. 7

F . COST ESTIMATE

a 1. Worky-ars (%Y)

Phase II Phase II

EnginecrlnZ 4.0 VY 5.4 WY

Other -0- -0-

Total 4.0 Vy 5.4 IY

Phase i Phase III To:al

2. Total Direct Compensation $ 254,000 $ 368,000 $ 622,00i0

(Includes Employee benefrt)

3. Travel 12,000 14,000 26,00a

4. JPL Services 12,000 14,000 26,000

5. Procurementi 728,000 56,000 734,000

6. Total Direcr Costs $1,006,000 $ 452,000 S1,458,000

7. JPL Overhead 244,000 196.000 440,00

8. Total JPL Costs $1,250,000 $ 648,000 $1,898,000.

9. NASA Contract Administration 10,000 5,184 15,1

Charge

10. Total $1,260,000 $ 653,184 $1,913,1S$

17.0.

_ . .. . 7'. .... .. .... .... ..... i.... ;..- . ...... .... . .. .. .i :., . ,: -, '
APPENDIX G

Display and Control Subsystem for ARI-POM TRADS-SOW

20 May 1983

00
I SCIENCE APPLICATIONS, INC.

Appendix G

.1-036-71-840-11 DE:PP:O5: 0004

DISPLAY AND CONTROL SUBSYSTEM

FOR ARI-POM TRADS

VOLUMiE I

TECHNICAL/MANAGEMENT PROPOSAL

PROPOSAL IN RESPONSE TO

JPL RFP BP-6-9556

20 MAY- 2983

SCIENCE APPLICATIONS, LA JOLLA, CALIFORNIA

ALBUQUERQUE - ANN ARBOR - ARLINGTON - ATLANTA *BOSTON *CHICAGO *HUNTSVILLE A106 LOS ANGELES - McLEAN - PALO ALTO - SANTA BARBARA. SUNNYVALE *TUCSON

Ii P.O. Box 2351, 12DO Prospect Street, La Jolla, California 92037

Sio'7

.A-
rr 

. o r . , . .  .  . . o . 

SCIENCE APPLICATIONS, INC.

3.0 STATEMENT OF WORK

SAI will perform all work necessary to procure, fabricate,

assemble, deliver, install, and make operational the Display

and Control Subsystem (DCS) for use in the Training Research

- and Development System (TRADS) at the Army Research

Institute in Monterey, California (ARI-POM). Specifically,

SAI will put forth its best effort to perform the following

tasks:

H

Provide day-to-day management of the project, including

liasons with JPL and ARI personnel, planning, staffing, and

* Uexecuting all work within this SOW.

Provide one-day monthly status meetings at the SAI facility

in La Jolla, California. Submit to the JPL Contract

. Negotiator monthly letter reports summarizing the project

status and the monthly meeting results.

:1~ Provide two (2) sets of NTC documentation for all hardware

<U iand software deliverable under this contract. Document all

hardware and software modifications made under this contract

to the NTC standards. Submit a final hardware list

U including the model number, description, and cost of each

13 10 o;
, - SCI-NCE APPLICATIONS, INC.

item delivered under this contract.

Task 2.0 Controller Statio Acquisition

Replicate two (2) National Training Center (NTC) Display and

Control Stations. Each station shall include the following:

1. One (1) Gould DeAnza Visacom/23 Visual Computer

System with a graphics processor and a 19-inch

color graphics monitor.

2. Two (2) Digital Equipment Corporation VT125

alphanumeric terminals.

3. One (1) digitizing tablet and pen.

For one of the stations, include a station console designed

to fit into a corner of a room.

Provide a large screen display and interface equipment

necessary to display the color graphics from one of the

ONi Display and Control Stations.

Task 3.0 Software Acquisition

Provide and make operational all necessary software

components required to retrieve data from the NTC Exercise

History Data tapes and to manipulate and d.iLsplay these data.

Specifically, all required NTC Interactive Display an

14

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Control (IDC) software developed for the 500 Player NTC

Instrumentation System shall be recovered and modified as

necessary to make it operational on the ARI-POM computer

system.

This software will be capable of reading and causing to be

displayed the following NTC data: position/location, firing

event data (direct and indirect) , communications keying

event data, and all other data currently maintained to

generate NTC alphanumeric and graphic displays. The

* software will also be capable of replaying all alert and

free format messages entered during the course of NTC

exercises. The software shall be capable of driving the two

Display and Control Stations from the same or different NTC

exercise History Data simultaneously.

The VAX-based software will be provided in FORTRAN 77. The

LSI 11/23-based software (on the graphics processor) will be

provided in FORTRAN 4 plus. All new software will be

011 documented to NTC standards.

II Task 4.0 Delivery, Installation, and Checkout

Deliver all harlware and software items provided in Tasks

2.0 and 3.0 to ARI-POM. Supply all interface equipment,

cables, and miscellaneous items as required. The hardware

and software will be installed on the ARI-POM compute

15

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SCIENCE APPLICATIONS, INC.

system as follows:

1. The supplied items will interface with the VAX

computer located in Building 110, Room 14 at

ARI-POM. The ARI-POM computer consists of an

SV-AXECA-CA VAX 11/780. This system includes 4 MB

memory, 456 MB RA8I disk drive, a TEU 78 tape

subsystem, and a DZ11-A multiplexer.

2. One (1) Display and Control Station will be

installed in Building 110, Room 19.

3. One (1) Display and Control Station will be

installed in Building 110, Room 20.

4. The large screen display will be installed in

Building 110, Room 20.

Task 5.0 Acceptance Test

Provide to JPL for approval an acceptance test plan and

procedure. Conduct an acceptance test of the hardware and

software items delivered in performance of this contract.

This acceptance test will exercise these items to

demonstrate that they perform the intended function. After

completion of the acceptance test, demonstrate operations

capability by processing and displaying data from an NTC

Exercise History Tape provided by JPL. Notify JPL one week

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SCIENCE APPLICATIONS, INC.

in advance to send a representative to witness this test.

Task 6.0 System Demonstration and Personnel Training

Provide ten (10) copies of the EMC/TAF Operating Manual for

the NTC CORE Instrumentation Subsystem (CIS) 500 Player

System. Also provide all vendor-supplied training material

and operation manuals for vendor-supplied hardware and

software.

Upon completion of acceptance testing and the demonstration

of operational capabilty, conduct forty hours of on-site

training at ARI-POM to provide an intitial operation

proficiency. Up to twelve personnel will be accommodated in

this training course. The training course will consist of a

cuestion and answer format reinforced by demonstration of

the system operations; thus, lectures and training plans

will be provided.

Provide a one-day, eight-hour refresher course at ARI-POM

approximately two months following the initial training

course. No new training material will be provided for this

course, but SAI will be prepared to answer operational

questions. Up to twelve (12) personnel will be accommodated

at this refresher course. JPL will provide SAI with a list

of operational questions to be covered in this course no

liater than two weeks prior to the scheduled date for thi

**10J.
SCIENCE APPLICATIONS, INC.

course.

:lTask 7.0 Maintenance Support

Provide software maintenance, including the delivery of new

software increents associated with formal new software

builds provided to the NTC for a period of three months

following acceptance of hardware and software at ARI-POM.

Provide all relevant NTC documentation updates .performed

during the period of maintenance.

Ku

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APPENDIX H

Final NTC R&D Computer Center Equipment List

August 1984

-.,

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Appendix H

Final NTC R&D Computer Center Equipment List

Qty Model Functional Description

Purchased August 1982:

I ea DEC SV-AXVCA-CA VAX-I1/780 CPU

2 MB ECC Mod Memory

TU78-AB(AD) 6250/1600 Tape Transport

8 Line Asynchronous Miltiplexer

DU81-CA(CD) 516 MB Fixed Disc Drive & Cabinet

LA120-DA Console Terminal VAX/VMS

Operating System Compiler

I ea DEC FP780-AA Floating Point Accelerator

1 ea DEC LXY21-54 132-Col 96 Chr Dot Matrix Printer

I ea DEC MS780-DD 2 MB ECC MOS Expansion Memory

I ea DEC VT125-AA Graphic Terminal

Purchased in March of 1984:

4 ea DEC VT125-AA Graphic Terminal

2 ea Visacon 23 Graphic Processor and

19 in. Color Monitor

2 ea HDG-403 Digitizing Tablet

I ea VPH-722Q Video Projector

•. ea VPH-722 Remote Control

I ea PSS-10 Projector Support

1 ea PSS-722 Projector Support

I ea CCQ-5-AR Remote Control Cable

I ea B Screen with 3" x 5" Screen

#23 Brackets

I ea H9652-MF Unibus Expansion Cabinet

*- 112

. *.1
Qty Model Functional Description

I ea MS780-EA 4 MB Memory Expansion

Installation

2 ea DMF-32M 8 Line Direct Memory Access

Controllers

Installation

- 2 ea CK-DMF32-L) Cabinet Kit

. 3 ea FX-IO0 Epson Printers or Equivalent

6 ea CITOHI0 Terminals Equivalent to VTIOO

8 1 MB MEM Memory Boards - STD

2 RA81-AA 456 MB Disk Drive

Installation

I TU78-AF Magnetic Tape Transport

Installation

15 VT220 VT-100 Type Terminals

I H9652-HA CPU Expansion Cabinet

I DW780-AA Unibus Adapter

Installation

BA-IIKU Expansion Mounting Box

Installation

1 DDII-DK Expansion Bockplane

Installation

UNK Temperature Sensor

i -i

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0

APPENDIX I

Considerations in the Establishment and Use of

a Research Data Base for Analysis of Army Training

4 February 1983

S

SRV' 1111I

f S BLANK -
Appendix I

CONSIDERATIONS IN THE ESTABLISHMENT AND USE

OF A RESEARCH DATA BASE FOR

ANALYSIS OF ARMY TRAINING

2/4/83

Principal Investigator: A. Kroger

Systems Engineering

Section 316

S 1
-. W

Table of Contents

Page

Abstract

I. Purpose and Assumptions ........................................... 1

II. The Problem ........................................................ 2

III. NTC Data Base Characteristics...................................... 5

IV. Conceptual Research Data Base (RDB) Characteristics ............... 8

V. Selection Criteria for a Data Base Management System (DBMS) ....... 12

VI. DBMS Technology Today ............................................. 16

VII. Using The RDB In A Research Environment ............................ 24

VIII. Asking The RDB Questions .......................................... 28

IX. Relational Data Base Management System (RDBMS) Output

Characteristics ................................................... 33

X. Creation Of The RDB ............................................... 37

XI. Continuing Areas Of Study ........................................ 43

XII. Conclusions....................................................... 45

XIII. Recommendations ..................................................... 46

Bibliography ...................................................... 48

Attachments: A. NTC Player History File Structure

B. History Segment Header Nomenclature

C. INGRES Graphics Package Summary

* D. Implementation Plan Outline, Schedule, and

Rough Manpower Estimates for Acquiring an RDB

S

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* .i

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Abstract

This paper reports the major findings of a study into the utility,

creation, and use of a large-scale research data base (RDB) to be used for the

post-test analysis of Army training data. The concept was conceived by the

Army Research Institute (ARI) as a tool of potential value both in the

analysis of training situations and for the development of new training

techniques. It would be used to answer questions concerning the soldier's

effectiveness in battle situations with particular emphasis on the effect that

training has on his tactical effectiveness. The basis for the RDB is test

data from the National Training Center (NTC) system. In addition, there is

the potential of supplementary training data acquired from other Army record

keeping systems. A systematic approach to the definition and use of an RDB is

outlined as well as the identification of the criteria for the selection of a

Data Base Management System (DBMS) which will be adequate to the needs of

ARI. Key points addressed are:

1. The development of. a functional requirements statement based on

careful analysis of how the Army's needs can best be served by an

RDB.

* 2. The relational characteristics which an RDB must have in order to

fulfill its functional requirements.

3. The methodology to be used in order to evaluate the performance of

'0 candidate DBMSs.

4. The query language characteristics which are best suited to the ARI K researchers' use.

E

l"11

t[.
Abstract (continued)

5. An outline of the conversion methodology required for mapping the

NTC data base into the RDB in order to create an efficient and

expandable research tool.

6. An outline of the team approach required in order to develop a

meaningful line of questioning for the RDB.

The following major conclusions are reached in this study:

1. The RDB problem is generic in nature and its successful solution

can set a pattern for similar usages throughout the Army.

2. The RDB has great potential value to continuing ARI research.

3. Functional requirements analysis is an essential first step in the

creation of an RDB of continuing value.

4. A relational DBMS rather than either a hierarchical or network DBMS

is the best solution for RDB processing. The leading candidates

for consideration which exist for a VAX relational DBMS are INGRES,

ORACLE, IDM 500, NOMAD, and SPIRE.

5. The current lack of specific details on the NTC history file format

i ~is a serious impediment to future planning.

0

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I. Purpose and Assumptions

The purpose of this study is to identify the major considerations in

the creation and use of a Research Data Base (RDB) to be used by the Army

Research Institute (ARI) for analysis of Army training data. The concept is

to create an RDB based on the acquisition of historical test data from the

National Training Center (NTC) system that can be used to relate any set of

variables in the data base. The automation of such a large and complex data

base represents a level of analytic capability new to researchers. This will

require the development of a new approach which takes advantage of the powe

of this state-of-the-art level of automation. The initial analytical steps

* that must be taken before actual implementation of an RDB can begin are

outlined in the sections which follow as well as the criteria for Data Base

Management System (DBMS) selection. Finally, suggestions for the continuing

use of an RDB are posed.

This analysis was performed without specific details on either the file

structure or record content of the software implemented at NTC. The assumption

has been made that the builders of the NTC software complied with the requirements laid down in the NTC System Requirements Document (Ref. 1). Since the

System Requirements Document is the only source of information about the NTC

data base, the analysis and conclusions of this report are limited by the

level of detail that was available. It is fortunate that the lack of detail

data has not been as much of an impediment to the analysis of RDB requirements

as might first appear. This is because a top-down approach to the development

of an RDB of value to the Army is iterative in nature and initially requires

only an analysis of the uses to which an RDB will be put matched against its

generic data content.

!.| _ -1-

) ... .. . ."ii - . i~ . ". .. . ... ........ .. ..... .. ... ... ; .,, -... . f . ............ ... ... .-.. . .. ........ ....
Ii. The Problem

In order to satisfy its need to develop a coherent strategy for

improving the combat readiness of its combined armed forces, the Army has

established a number of agencies to focus on that issue. The National

Training Center (NTC) at Fort Irwin has been set up to train battalion-sized

armor and mechanized units in realistic simulated live-fire exercises using

force-on-force engagements. The unit (or units) to be trained (the Blue

force) are opposed by an appropriately sized home-based opposing force (OPFOR).

During the battle training, which may last up to two weeks, a sophisticated

instrumentation technology is utilized in order to simulate actual battle

conditions and to capture all significant battle data for post-test analysis

purposes.

The Army Research Institute (ARI) has been tasked to do basic research

in support of the NTC. The starting point for this research activity is the

historical data files that are created during the course of a test scenario at

NTC. The history files form the basis for both real-time analysis and the

After Action Reviews (AAR's). The critique of -he units (or unit) being

trained occurs shortly after the exercise has been completed and utilizes, in

large part, the historical data base to provide the graphics and summary

displays created over the entire conflict to demonstrate points on tactical

performance. These displays are reproducible through a playback capability

for post-test analysis purposes.

While the primary use of the NTC historical data base is to support

AAR's, its potential value as a research tool during post-test analysis is

1 2

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i . -. .. - .-. - - " - " "
equally substantial. Player oriented, it contains not only all pertinent

engagement data for the entire battle but also mission, environment, and test

controller data inserted during test performance. This latter category is

inserted to grade players and identify key events. In order to maximize its

post-test analysis value, the massive amount of data that is available to ARI

from the NTC instrumented system must be set up in a form that is both

flexible and efficient for correlation analysis purposes. This implies the

creation of a Research Data Base (RDB) that has the following characteristics:

1. The RDB should bring together in one readily accessible data base

all pertinent test data. Access should be possible both thru

interactive query and algorithmic programming.

2. The RDB should be capable of enhancement. This means that

additional data should be able to be added as required to support

the ARI research task without the necessity of either rebuilding or

redesigning the total RDB.

3. The RDB should be usable by nonprogrammer personnel. In order to

use the RDB most efficiently for planning, researchers must

thoroughly understand its data content and be able to formulate ad

hoc queries when necessary.

4. The RDB should represent the basis for a substantial portion of the

R&D activities that ARI will perform for NTC. As such, it shoulo

contain information that is of generic value to the Army in the

S following key analysis areas:

b1 o

- --. . ~
a) the evaluation of tactics

b) the hypothesis and verification of new measures of

effectiveness (MOE)

c) the development of new training methods and techniques

d) particularly as it relates to the effectiveness of new doctrine.

In order to satisfy the tenets of its R&D charter, ARI must learn how

to use the RDB effectively once it has been created. This entails the

development of a systematic approach to research geared to the automated

nature of the RDB. It further implies that ARI understand in advance the

functional requirements concerning the RDB and prioritize them so that the

* basis for future work efforts will be firmly grounded. Finally, there is a

need for a publication philosophy that notifies the Army community of all

significant findings in order to eliminate redundant effort and maximize the

cost-efficiency of the new level of automation.

The RDB concept is at the leading edge of current technology and has

the potential of being a tool. which can enable ARI to identify problems and

suggest solutions well in advance of other Army agencies. Since it is

axiomatic that leadership in the area of new technology falls to the one who

gets there first, there is a need to move rapidly to acquire an RDB.

To summarize, the judicious specification and use of the RDB can

establish ARI as an R&D leader throughout the Army community in the area of

the automated tactical and training analysis. The question this paper

addresses is - what is the most efficient form for an RDB in order to optimize

research into new tactical and training methodologies?

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* - -- -

III. NTC Data Base Characteristics

In order to better understand the nature of the problems associated

with the creation and use of an RDB, it is first necessary to have a clear

understanding of the NTC data base from which it derives and in particular,

the History Mode of operation of the NTC system. The historical Mode of

operation at NTC allows for the capture and replay of any portion of a test

exercise. The data base which supports this playback capability has, at its

focal point, a Player History File that contains all relevant data about each

player in the system. 'This data includes the player's weapon type, position,

battle status, unit affiliation, etc. In addition to the Player History File,

o there is a set of ancillary file structures which support the test and contains

the detail parameters that relate to weapon characteristics, commo messages,

indirect fire, map data, and other specialized information which has been

factored out of the main Player History File. The data is gathered from the

instrumented players as the test progresses and recorded in blocks callea

segments on a history tape.

The history tape is the basis for the graphical presentation of data at

monitor controller stations in the NTC system. At any time during or after a

test, a graphic presentation of the battle status can be presented on the CRT

screen at the monitor controller station. This presentation uses standard

military symbology to graphically represent players and is superimposed over a

contour map of the area chosen for the training exercise. During an exercise,

the engagement characteristics of the battle are presented on the CRT screen

as they occur.

S -5-

* *.."..*~**-~-*j
* 7- 1 

The graphic presentation is derived from the Player History File data

base. Once initially created, only changes to the Player History File are

recorded. A change may be one of position, an engagement event, a player's

battle status, etc., and is recordable only if some pre-defined granularity

level has been exceeded. The most significant granularities which will affect

the post-test analysis capability are the following:

I. The basic history tape time step is 1 second.

2. The minimum player movement recognized by the NTC system is 16

meters.

3. Player position is recomputed by the system once per minute.

* 4. Stdtistical data which is also part of a history tape segment and

which can be displayed on a special set of status summary displays,

is computed every 5 minutes.

An exercise segment may last for a period up to 48 hours with the

average duration being 8 to 12 hours. During a segment, the collection of

data comes not only from the instrumented players but also from both

preplanned mission scenarios which digitize such events as indirect fire

sequences, commo messages, etc. and field controllers who can tag key events

S as they occur. It should also be mentioned that the header data for each

segment contains information about the environment, the units participating,

and the nature of the exercise that are pertinent to later analysis.

-

• -6-
To summarize, all changes are written out for subsequent display and

post-test analysis purposes on the history tape. A graphic representation of

the Player History File segment format is shown in Attachment A and the

History Segment Header nomenclature as shown in Attachment B. The history

tapes created during an NTC exercise form the basis for the RDB.

-

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IV. Conceptual RDB Characteristics

Conceptually, an RDB which has the greatest potential for continuing

research would contain not only the raw NTC historian file data in a form

amenable to retrevial but also a set of enhancements which would allow

researchers to do whatever correlation analysis is deemed appropriate. The

principal orientation of the RDB is time sequence. In addition to the basic

granularity reported, other time subdivisions such as battle stages and key

events are of particular interest. The RDB should utilize the existing file

structures and field names as much as possible in order to ease the analysis

transition from the NTC data base to the RDB (and vice versa).

The most significant data content difference between the RDB and the

NTC history files from which it is initially formed, is that the RDB should

additionally contain a set of enhancements which allow the researcher to

quickly obtain data relationships of interest. The principal types of data

enhancement fall into two categories; first, those which are derived from

existing data and, second, those which represent the addition of data files

from other than NTC sources.

0o In the first category, algorithmically generated enhancements from the

NTC data base that would be of potential value include the following:

1. Redefined categories of battle status related to position,

engagement, tactical situation, unit condition, or mission characteristics

which are not readily available from a strict translation of the NTC player

h

history file data (see Table 1 for a candidate set of analytic categories).

S -8-

*Aii-~mi
Table 1: Candidate Analysis Categories and their Attributes of Interest.*

# Category Principal Attributes of Interest

1 Player - weapon, casualty, engagement, training, errors

2 Tactics - mission, movement, intensity, mobility, support

3 Engagement - weapon, player, RTCA, range, battle status, training

4 Weapons - category, fire characteristics, effectiveness, position

5 Position - relative to other players, plan, terrain

characteristics, target, ammo level, movement, tactics

6 Training - time at NTC, objective, team attributes, individual

attributes, engagement, errors

7 Personnel - experience, education, medical, player, engagement

8 Support - equipment (player), effectiveness, engagement

characteristics, position

9 Mission - plan vs. actuals (tactics, engagement, weapons,

position, commo)

10 Commo - type, player, time spent, frequency, engagement

11 Environment - map attributes, visability, day/night, tactics, weather,

engagement, errors

12 Team - unit type, strength, level, engagement summary, training

13 Errors - tactical, commo, cheating, player, mission, team

14 Control - unit evaluation, error identification, key event tag,

mission, tactics

*it should be noted that all categories appear to be related by at

least one attribute to every other category.

i.I
2. Analysis factors which would apply to the categorical areas of

interest being studied such as ratios, indices, or other performance measures

of effectiveness. An example of this latter class of analysis factor would be

* player density measures (a position function).

3. Redefined units of time granularity that serve either to increase

or decrease the time scale or make the retrieval of RDB queries more efficient.

" The second general category of desirable enhancements to the RDB is

composed of data which comes from sources other than the NTC history file.

There are two areas of consideration here. First, there is the addition of

supplemental information which fills any gaps left by the test controllers at

the time the exercise was being conducted. This would include the completion

of segment header data on environment, mission, or unit parameters as well as

the incorporation of message content in a processible form which relates to

key events, error identification, and unit and player grading. It should be

* noted that the addition of this type of information to the RDB will necessarily

be the result of an in-depth review of the message content from an NTC exercise

by ARI personnel. This type of data may well be mappable into one of the

analysis factors discussed earlier.

* A second kind of desirable data enhancement comes from sources outside

the NTC history file and relates to the supplemental information that is

pertinent ARI research. This would include such elements as training

* histories, medical profiles, personnel records, etc. Ideally, such data will

already exist in automated files elsewhere in the Army and can be transferred

automatically to the RDB. Where this is not the case, ARI should recommend

its manual generation and transfer from the appropriate source.

.10)

S -10-
In conclusion, the RDB should be capable of being viewed in as many

categorical ways as is meaningful for research purposes. Queries to the RDB

should be expressible in terms of analysis categories and their attributes of

interest independent of the way in which they have been predefined in the NTC

history file. This implies the ability to categorically redefine all exercise

components within the RDB for analysis purposes and relate any set of data

elements to any other set. The categories and their attributes of interest

shown in Table I represent a candidate basis for the subsequent analytical

work to be done by researchers. While the incorporation of both data redefinitions and enhancements to the RDB should be automated wherever possible,

this effort must be initiated as the result of an analysis effort on the part

O of both researchers and software system analysts. The focus of the analysis

effort should be the hypothesis of meaningful cause-effect relationships

between (and among) data elements to provide the basis for future experimentation.- As an increased insight into the question of what the significant

relationships to be investigated in the RDB should be, ARl's ability to

*formulate better training methodologies will increase also.

I-1.
V. Selection Criteria for a Data Base Management System (DBMS)

Conceptually, the kind of DBMS that would be most useful for RDB

purposes would have the following characteristics:

*- I. maximize data element relationality,

- 2. be user friendly,

3. be retrieval efficient,

4. be modularly expandable,

5. be the subject of continuing study on the part of its implementors,

6. be reliably supported.

0

Each one of these characteristics represents a DBMS selection criterion

for the RDB. These criteria are expanded in the paragraphs which follow.

The most important characteristic of an ideal RDB is its relational

property. It should have the capability to relate any data element to any

other set of data elements contained in the RDB. Because of the importance of

this criteria for selection, the conceptual DBMS will henceforth be referred

to as a Relational DBMS (RDBMS).

-

An obvious complement to the desired highly-relational property of the

RDBMS is its user-friendly quality. Since a goal of RDBMS use is to enable

nonprogra-mer personnel to use it with a minimum of training, it should be

operationally simple to exercise. This simplicity should extend not only to

its query, but also its create, report, and update capabilities. In the query

area, the researcher wants to be able to go from an English language question

-12-
of any complexity to an equivalent set of RDB queries. The ease with'which

this transition can be accomplished is a measure of user-friendly quality of

the RDBMS. It is likewise very important that an efficient mechanism for the

creation of an RDB should be provided which enables the use of file structures

and formats that are identical to the original source for-ms. The users must

be able to transfer existing files to the RDB directly with a minimum of

analytical effort. Finally, there should also be both an efficient means of

generating reports and an update mechanism for making corrections to the RDB

that is simple to use.

The third major criterion for RDBMS selection is the ability to quickly

retrieve complex queries from a large scale RDB. Users will want answers in

terms of seconds/minutes rather than minutes/hours. While data element

relational flexibility is more important than response time to queries, the

importance of the latter characteristic grows in importance as the size of the

RDB increases. It should be noted that the key to retrieval efficiency is the

data path optimization technique that is used by the RDBMS. The user should

not have to describe data paths but rather the system should optimize them

based on its knowledge both of data page assignment and the frequency

characteristics of individual data fields.

The fourth RDBMS criterion, modular expansion, exists because of the

continuing growth characteristic of the RDB. As it increases in size and

* complexity and as new retrieval requirements are postulated, the RDBMS must be

able to cope with this expansion. A mechanism similar to the CREATE function

should allow additional data files to be appended to the initial RDB for

* enhancement purposes throughout the life of the RDB. This entails overcoming

the current hardware constraint of not being able to p-ocess multiple on-line

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S1
disk volumes which is a limiting factor for most systems on the market today.

A related topic is the ability of the RDBMS to allow for distributed processing; that is, the ability to remotely access, update, and control the RDB

or subdivisions of it. Recognizing the fact that distributed processing as a

requirement for ARI's RDB has yet to be determined, it is highly likely that

once the RDB is operational there will be many agencies remote to ARI in

Monterey, California, that will want to use it. If this premise is correct,

the modularity questions of capacity and performance will assume greater

importance.

The long-term growth potential of the RDB suggests the fifth selection

criterion; namely, that the RDBMS should be the subject of continuing study

and improvement. Since the RDBMS field is only a few years old, it is not yet

clear that the initial products that have appeared in this area are completely

adequate for RDB purposes. - It is therefore important that the supplier of the

RDBMS be committed to a continuing upgrade and expansion of the product. The

extent of the upgrading effort can be measured in part by examining both the

community of users and the attention given the subject by university sponsored

(or user sponsored) studies. It is axiomatic that the more active users of an

RDBMYS exist, the greater its chances of enhancement. If the only party concerned with the RDBMS upgrade is the company that has created it, the chances

that it will keep pace with the state of the art are minimized.

* -14-
The final selection criterion for an RDBMS is the support level

provided by the RDBMS supplier. This should include adequate documentation,

training and maintenance. A responsive maintenance capability is of particular

significance. In the event of error, the immediacy of a reliable support

response on the part of the RDBMS supplier will insure against an RDB loss of

integrity.

4

II

1,}

,-, .7, " V :"'.. . -15.: - .'i "" ,? .,. ":")1 1i ?' . " 'l
VI. DBMS Technology Today

Keeping in mind the selection criteria outlined in the previous

section, it is appropriate at this point to take a brief look at the state of

the art of DBMSs today and to define some of the more important terms. DBMS

technology has been the subject of a substantial analytical effort since the

ep ly 1960s and a great number of fundamentally different approaches have been

implemented across a wide variety of computers. This leaas to one of the

major difficulties that one encounters when addressing the vast amount of

literature on the subject; namely, the lack of consistent definitions across

the field. In the paragraphs which follow, an attempt will be made to identify

• and hopefully clarify some of the major areas of confusion. The topics to be

addressed in this section are:

1. Major DBMS classifications - relational, hierarchical, network.

2. Term ambiguity in relational DBMS theory.

3. Query language classification - procedural vs nonprocedural.

4. Major suppliers of relational DBMSs in today's market.

Sifting through the great prolifery of DBMSs on the market, the three

major classifications of DBMS that one sees in the literature are relational,

hierarchical, and network. It should be noted that while in the DBMS promotional literature they all refer to themselves as "relational," there is a

very specific meaning that qualifies a candidate for that classification. It

is the flat-file concept that is the basis for file and record structuring,

query language design, and output presentation. In the flat-file concept,

data are presented to the user as tables instead of hierarchics or networks.

16:3, • -16-
The form of these tables consists of columns and rows, with the rows corresponding to records and the columns representing fields within the records.

In the relational DBMS, the internal data storage is not externally apparent.

What is important is that the relational view exists at the level at which the

user sees the data. Internal access paths and storage techniques are calculated by the relational DBMS system and so are invisible to the user.

The key to relational systems is the formation of new tables by one or

more of the following set operations: the combination of existing relational

tables (join), the creation of table subsets (selection), or the creation of a

subset of the columns in a table (projection). These operations are accom-

*O plished by user reference to existing tables through the query language.

Another unique characteristic of a relational DBMS is that there is no

explicit path-following mechanism. In other words, the user does not have to

predefine the data retrieval paths required, but rather can relate any data

field to any other in the data base without first planning the method of

access. The relational DBMS will handle the optimization of data retrieval.

this is a very significant advantage in relational systems for those cases

where it is uncertain in advance the exact nature of the data paths required.

There are two other major categories of DBMS besides the relational: the

hierarchical and the network DBMS. In an hierarchical data base, the structure

represents the progressive decomposition of data groupings down to the most

detailed data element level. The hierarchical data base structure is that

needed to support data base application programs ... includes buffer areas,

Iv global flags (i.e., end of file), and global pointer variables which hold

17- • -17-
current pointers to records currently being accessed. For programmer references the hierarchical data base structure is analogous to the hierarchical

structure of the COBOL Data Division. The principal guiding force in this

area is the CODASYL Data Base Task Group which is chartered to come up with a

common approach to structuring of hierarchical data bases (Ref. 16).

The network DBMS, on the other hand, is based upon an analysis of the

set relationships which exist among the various data components and the

establishment of the pointer chains necessary to access these components. The

set relationships are usually outlined in Bachman Diagrams (Ref. 17) and must

be known in advance for the kinds of information retrieval that are required.

Both the hierarchical and network DBMS are oriented more toward the efficient

performance of a limited known set of queries and work in conjunction with a

procedural computer language such as COBOL to make the retrieval of subsets of

data from a large data base more efficient. In these kinds of DBMS models

explicit links or pointers between records in different files replace the

relational DBMS method of associating purely symbolic values. It is the

responsibility of the analyst, to understand the relationships which exist

between data elements and to explicitly describe those set relationships. It

is then the programmer's responsibility to create and exploit those data

* structures and the major mode of operation is via handcrafted application

programs each performing a specialized task.

The second topic to be discussed is term ambiguity. ,rn relational

data base systems are studied theoretically, different terms are often used

for the same concept. The following set of definitions may help the reader to

S

sort out the meaning when equivalent terminologies are used.

13

-18-
". * Relation * table or record type.

* Tuple row or record occurrence.

• Attribute - column name or field type.

* Element = field.

* Degree number of columns in a table.

- * Cardinality number of rows in a table.

* * Binary relations - table with two columns.

* N-ary relations = table with N columns.

* N-tuple = a record from a table with N columns.

L * Domain = range of values for a specific field.

Armed with the above syntactical equations, the ambitious reader has

some chance of equating different systems of ideas in the literature of

relational DBMS theory.

The third topic to be discussed briefly is that of query languages. In

the universe of query languages, the basic distinction to be made is between

procedural and nonprocedural lang'nages. A procedural language is one like

FORTRAN or COBOL which enables a programmer to build logical structures to

0O solve problems. These logical structures, called algorithms, may be combined

in ever increasing levels of complexity to solve larger and larger problems.

A nonprocedural language is one which focuses on the problem being

solved rather than the computer resources being used. A question stated in a

nonprocedural language does not represent an analog of the computer logic

employed as in the case of a procedural language, but is rather a concise

!o -19-
La

statement of the relationship of parameters under investigation. The

principle of the nonprocedural language approach is the smaller amount of

effort problem solvers have to exercise in order to arrive at a solution.

In the area of relational DBMS models, there are varioub levels of

nonprocedural language that are significant. They are:

1. Data Definition Language (DDL). The DDL allows for a data base

description of table structures within a data base. Through the

DDL, both tables (relations) and their fields (attributes) are

defined as well as the relationship between tables. This logical

O description is called a schema and is the first step in the

creation of a relational DB.

2. Data Manipulation Language (DML). DMLs accomplish the four basic

tasks of inserting new data, removing any old data, updating old

data, and retrieving existing data. These capabilities exist in

some form in all query languages and hence represent a subset of

them.

3. Relational Algebra.- This is a form of high-level procedural

language which uses basic set functions to act on tables ano/or S

produce tables as a result. The major set functions in a

relational algebra are the following:

I20-

S -20-
* Restrict produces a new table by removing all records that

do not meet the specified set of conditions

• Project produces a new table by removing from each record

any attributes not mentioned

* Append forms a new table by combining two existing tables

* Remove deletes all specified records which have a

specified characteristic

* Intersect - produces a table containing only those records

that exist in both of two input tables

* Join - produces a table consisting of all combinations'

*O of records which meet a specified set of

conditions.

Similar to procedural languages, a relational algebra query is built

up as a sequence of operations. Some operations such as JOIN may be

difficult to use, however.

4. Relational Calculus. This language form is essentially nonprocedural and is based on the basic language of mathematical

logic, predicate calculus. Its aim is to permit the user to

express what is desired as an answer without having to express how

the answer is computed. One form of a relational calculus query is

as follows:

* -21-
[b

FIND< attributes> SUCH THAT< conditions>

where the possible conditional expressions are:

<value> - <value>

<value> > <value>

<value> < <value>

<expression> AND <expression>

<expression> OR <expression>

NOT <expression>

FOR ALL (<variables> ) <expression>

FOR SOME (<variables>) <expression>

MEMBER (<variable>, < relation>)

oI 5. Structured English. This approach is similar to relational

calculus, but has been further refined to incorporate English-like

terminology to make the query language easier to read and write.

The standard form was first defined in IBM's query language SEQUEL

used with System R. This query form is as follows:

I - SELECT <fields >

FROM < tables >

WHERE <conditions >

The structured language approach produces querie- that are extremely

readable and can be constructed by nonprogrammers with a minimum

amount of training.

6. Query by Example. This type of nonprocedural language is

graphically oriented and the basic capabilities of a relational

calculus are achieved by the manipulation of graphic symbols on a

display screen. This is normally done through both the

specification of display formats interactively on a CRT screen

combined with a set of men a from which operational capabilities

are selected.

S -22-
The final topic ti be addressed on the subject of DBMS technology is

the identification of the major relational DBMS products for the DEC VAX

environment that are widely publicized in today's marketplace. While there

may be others of value, the list below represents a sample of the best known.

They are listed along with their manufacturer in the following table:

Product Manufacturer

INGRES Relational Technology, Inc.

ORACLE Relational Software, Inc.

IDM 500 Britton-Lee, Inc.

NOMAD National CSS

* SPIRE NASA Goddard

Leading hierarchical models include the following:

Product Manufacturer

IDMS Cullinane Data Base Systems, Inc.

SEED International Data Base

Systems, Inc.

DBMS-1O and 20 Digital Equipment Corporation

Datatrieve Digital Equipment Corporation

The conclusion one must come to when reviewing the existing state of the

art of DBMSs in the light of ARI's RDB requirements is that a DBMS of the relational class which utilizes a nonprocedural language has the greatest potential

from ARI's standpoint because it would provide the greatest flexibility and

require the least effort to use.

-23-
VII. Using the RDB in a Research Environment

Well in advance of the point at which the RDB has been created and is

available for research purposes, an understanding of both the data characteristics and the development of an efficient usage methodology should be

formulated. On the importance of "knowing the data," it is vitally important

that researchers using the RDB get a feel for the relational characteristics

between data elements as well as understand the nature of those individual data

elements. A thorough understanding of the data characteristics is necessary

to obtaining insights into future data manipulation.

0 On the subject of effective RDB usage, it is imperative that a team

approach be developed. The tendency when a resource of this enormous power

becomes available is to rely on ad hoc investigations characterized by

randomly scattered inquiries as the modus operandi. When one is suddenly

confronted with a research capability where the potential exists to be able to

answer any question posed to the RDB, it is incorrect to assume that meaningful

answers will magically appear. without further effort. This is not the case.

The hard work of developing a systematic research methodology has just begun.

0 A systematic approach to utilizing the RDB should start with the

development of a specific set of goals which have been prioritized in order to

identify the order of problem attack. Each of the goals should be stated in

terms of an area-of-interest and should be made as specific as possible in

order to help focus subsequent investigative efforts. The research goals and

"" sub-goals that are created represent the work targets to be accomplished and

should be the result of a group effort worked out in conjunction with the

insights and interests of the entire research staff. The major research thrust

* -24-
should come, of course, from the need to support other Army agencies and ARI

must become increasingly sensitive to areas where RDB research can be of

benefit. The emphasis on a team approach to goal creation will help to

develop, on the part of each researcher, a sense of how individual research

activities fit into the master plan.

After a group understanding has been reached for both the goals of the

research program and the method of attack on the RDB, the time has come to

begin hypothesizing alternative research premises and evaluating them. The

use of "what if" group thinking should create an environment where the

spectrum of potentially valuable lines of investigation will be identified.

*Each what-if line of thought should be carefully posed, reviewed, and

critiqued. A top-down approach to problem statement should be used. This

means that a potential line of investigation should first be posed in its

broadest terms and then decomposed into successively lower levels of more

specific inquiries uintil the point is reached where specific questions can be

asked of the RDB using the RDBMS. The value of the answers received should be

predictable in advance although the actual answers that develop may come as a

surprise.

5The principal use of the RDB will be in correlation analysis; that is,

in the study nf the interrelationship of RDB variables. Central to RDB use is

the investigation of cause-and-effect in terms of the functioning of the

tactical entities of the RDB, particularly as they relate to training.

Insights gleaned from past exercises can become training hypothesis whose

implemented premise effects can be studied in subsequent exercises. The

* -25-
resulting linkage of test analysis, training hypothesis, new training method,

new test result can provide a new evolutionary training methodology based on

automating the NTC exercise experience.

The cycle of RDB use runs the gamut from idea conception, to experimental hypothesis, to premise implementation, to result verification and may

span multiple NTC exercises. It should be noted that in the area of premise

implementation, there are three major categories of activity. They relate to

the implementation of one of the following: training recommendations, NTC

system improvements, or tactical recommendations. The RDB can be viewed as

the test-bed for the validation of experimental hypothesis originating from an

initial correlation analysis of individual functional properties. This view,

of course, considers the NTC testing sequence as an integrated whole rather

than as isolated training exercises.

A final important concept is the publication of all significant findings

. of RDB research on an Army-wide scale. Since the work that ARI will be doing

with the RDB has broad implications, all significant findings should be passed

on to others who may profit from ARI's experien -. The wide-scale adoption of

the techniques and findings into training and tactics methodologies developed

0 using the RDB can represent a substantial cost saving to the Army.

In summary, the key to success in the use of the RDB is the organized

rather than the shotgun approach. This means the avoidance of the random ad

hoc query method except in support of specific lines of inquiry. It further

implies the group formulation of a systematic approach to research in which

all team members have a comon understanding as to both the functional and tne

11,

0 -26-
statistical characteristics of the RDB. Because the RDB represents a large

and complex set of data, it is obvious that the better the content and

functional interrelationship among the various data elements are understood,

the more astute the lines of investigation will become. The systematic group

attack on the research activity characterized by continuous feedback through

skull sessions and the publication of the valuable insights gleaned from the

RDB should put ARI in a position to generally assist Army planning activities.

-27- S -27-
VIII. Asking the RDB Questions

4Central to the problem of retrieving meaningful data from the RDB is

the way in which it is asked questions. The development of an understanding

of what can and what cannot be extracted as well as the best methodology for

question formulation is essential to effective RDB utilization. In recognition

of the fact that the question is the key, the essentials of posing RDB queries

are outlined in this section.

Questions asked of the RDB should represent lines of thought whose

answers have significance to training, tactical considerations, or NTC system

* operations. The individual questions should first be written in English in a

free-form format and afterward translated into a set of RDBMS queries (or a

single RDBMS query). The question should be as specifically directed as

possible, as simple as possible, and the meaning of its answer should be

clear. The recommended SELECT...FROM...WHERE... format should be used to

access the RDBMS. (This format has already been discussed in Section VI.) If

the variable relationships posed in an RDBMS query are too complex, the

meaning of the answer will be unclear. In the search for significant

functional relationship between and among RDB variables, simplicity is a

virtue.

The limit of questioning is constrained only by the limits of the RDB.

If it does not contain the data needed to answer a question, steps should be

taken to enhance the RDB by the addition of that data. It should also be

remembered that a single question can give only a limited answer. Its

significance lies in its contribution to the line of thought that is being

* -28-
- --

- -

investigated. In phrasing a question, the researcher should avoid the

tendency of single question complexity to avoid the risk of not knowing what

the answer means.

The query format that is recommended for the posing of questions to the

RDB at the RDBMS level is the structured English approach outlined earlier

which has general acceptance in relational data base theory and has been implemented as a standard relational calculus input into the major systems offered

today. It is in the form:

SELECT (data element list)

* FROM (tables where data exists)

WHERE (conditions under which retrieval is to be made)

This form identifies in the SELECT clause the exact RDB elements to be either

collected or counted. The FROM clause indicates the tabular subset of the RDB

that is to be accessed. The WHERE clause enumerates the conditions under

which retrieval is to take place. Conditions in the WHERE clause should be

posed in terms of either the boolean operators (AND, OR, NOT) or the

relational operators (, , C, >, <, > ) as they apply to RDB data elements

used to constrain the search. It should be noted that while the actual query

syntax for implemented RDBMSs may differ slightly (the QUEL language developed

by Relational Technology uses RETRIEVE instead of SELECT), the relational

properties of all structured English level languages contain the same

essentials and are more user-friendly and require less technical knowledge

than either the hierarchical or network class of DBMS inputs.

-

~11-~

6g -29-
The questions posed to the RDB should be initially stated in more

general English rather than in the specific SELECT...FROM...WHERE... format

required by the RDBMS and while they should be free-form in nature they

nevertheless should name actual data fields. No constraint should be

initially imposed on the relationships of interest and the difficulty of

retrieving the desired information should not be considered. For example, an

initial question might be phrased as follows:

"Retrieve all instances where a sagger missle killed a tank within a

1-minute time period for each type of Blue Force maneuver after an indirect

fire scenario sequence."

It is important that each key phrase in the question be carefully

defined. In the preceding sample question, the concepts of time period,

maneuver, and indirect fire must be clearly understood so that precise data

relationships can be established. The ease or difficulty in putting a

question into a format acceptable to the RDBMS should be secondary to the

query consideration of whether or not it represents a meaningful line of

thought. Emphasis should be placed on what the answer means. It should be

noted that the fact that there may be retrieval difficulties associated with a

question should also not initially be a constraining factor. Any retrieval

difficulties which are uncovered merely serve to identify algorithmic

processes which may be required to be developed.

For example, in order to answer the following question, an algorithmic two

step process is suggested.

"Show the ratio of instances where a player has been killed or wounded

while moving in graduated proximities to contour for each type of mission."

*O -30-
After defining all important terms in the question, the next step might be to

develop a set of positional indices for each player which describe his

position relative to contour lines. This would identify a preprocess which

matches the X-Y coordinates of the player's position to the map data base in

order to develop a height (or Z) parameter. A following step would be to ask

questions of the RDB using that parameter as a conditional variable. This

multiple step process will allow map complex questions to be answered as they

*relate to tactics.

On the other hand, the following question may be directly calculatable

in a conditioned RDB: 0

"Show by weapon type the number of kills, hits, and misses when a

i target was stationary for at least two minutes and a deliberate attack was in

progress."

As a standard relational calculus input to an RDBMS, that query might

appear as follows:

SELECT (T-52 [tank], BMP-W-SAGGER, 122MM-SP [howitzer], MANPACKW-SAGGER, MORTAR, CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL, FIGHTER-BOMBER, STATUS

[personnel], MOVEMENT-INDEX [time oriented], MISSION-CODE)

FROM (PLAYER-HISTORY-FILE, PERSONAL-STATUS-FILE, MOVEMENT-INDEX-FILE)

WHERE (WEAPON-TYPE T-52 or WEAPON-TYPE = BMP-W-SAGGER or

0

0

*' 0

S -31-
WEAPON-TYPE - FIGHTER-BOMBER

STATUS = K/A

STATUS - W/A

MISSES - INITIAL-BY-WEAPON-HITS

MOVEMENT-INDEX < 2

MISSION DELIBERATE-ATTACK)

In this example, the square brackets [ ] enclose comments while the

capitalized mnemonics identify fields or files. It is further assumed that

the category, HITS, has been collected either curing the course of the

exercise or in a post-processing step.

In summary, queries to the RDB should evolve from a general line of

questioning which it has been determined in advance will lead to an important

conclusion. The starting-point question should be stated as an English

sentence and name actual data base elements. While initially it may be of

great complexity, a set of specific questions tailored to the RDBMS should

next be derived which will pinpoint a data correlation of value. Questions

should always be considered in terms of - what does the answer mean? Queries

presented to the RDBMS should be kept as specific as possible. In the event

that there is no direct answer, the question may reveal an algorithmic process

that needs to be developed. In such a case, a preprocessing step may have to

be provided to develop the proper algorithms which will condition the RDB to

get the answers required.

S

15; -- 32-

- .- - - -.. -, -. ~ t. t..-..-.3 .-
IX. RDBMS Output Characteristics

The principal characteristic of RDBMS output is that it will consist of

as many user "views" of the data as is required. The basic view is a tabular

format consisting of an enumeration of all pertinent data elements which

satisfy a given set of conditions. These views are all independent from one

another and may be either a count of instances or a listing of those instances

in a report form. For specialized report formats which may incluoe subtotals,

the RDBMS should incorporate a report generator. A sample report format based

on the final question asked in Section VIII might appear as follows:

JAN 14, 1983

SUMMARY OF WEAPON EFFECTIVENESS

DURING A DELIBERATE ATTACK MISSION

FOR UNIT XYZ

WEAPON TYPE

T-52 BMP W/SAGGER . . . . FIGHTER-BORBER

-* KILLED IN ACTION

WOUNDED IN ACTION . .

% EFFECTIVENESS . .

*NOTE: % EFFECTIVENESS IS THE RATIO OF K/A + W/A

# OF FIRINGS

-33-
In addition to the standard hard copy report format, a summary version

which represents a count of instances should be viewable at a CRT. Moreover,

the RDBMS should also be able to produce graphic output which relates either

two or three variables in a graph, bar chart, or pie-section format. Since

retrievals should also be able to be made from computer programs as well as

CRT consoles, the records returned from queries should also be available in a

form that is algorithmically processible by a procedural language such as

FORTRAN.

It should be noted that the output forms can contain ratios or indices

as possible measures of effectiveness and these ratios may be computed either

at retrieval time or as the result of conditioning the data in advance. As

*pointed out earlier, the latter alternative has benefits both in terms of

shortened retrieval time to queries and added query flexibility; i.e., more

complex functional relationships between variables can be investigated

although it does serve to increase the size of the data base.

A simple count of instances, i.e., the number of times something

happened, provides the simplest type of output and has great significance in

the determination of the frequency characteristic of data elements within the

RDB. This frequency data is also of value to the RDBMS which uses it (or

should use it) as an input into the algorithmic process for fine-tuning the

retrieval process.

The basis of the correlation process is the comparison of two variable

* relationships. The classic laboratory experiment which takes the yrf(x) form

with the universe of other variables held constant is familiar to all students.

S-34-

.. ... . . . . .,.. - . .. -' . .•. - - ..-. .-. -- '** -- * ..-.. .- . . ..-o- ,* _ - - - --...... ..... ... :.. . .. .... . . ** ... --- . .. ... ... ... ... .. ............ i . -. .. .... ..... . .. .
The introduction of a third variable increases the relational complexity but

- .- may still be conceptually meaningful and can be shown in graphic form (see

Attachment C for sample of INGRES graphic outputs). When an attempt is made

to deal with more than three variables at one time, the additional variables

can only be used to control the environment which yields the answer. Remember

that the questions which must be posed for every line of inquiry are: first,

what are the premises and, secondly, what does the answer mean? In order to

get data correlation that makes sense, the query to the RDB should normally be

posed in a two variable y=f(x) format with multi-variable conditions usea to

establish a controlled environment. The resulting answer will be a standard

view which either enumerates or counts instances and provides values for the

* pertinent data elements.

In the area cf evaluating NTC operational procedures, an important use

of RDBMS output will be in the identification of missing data for the purpose

of achieving a more effective post-test analysis program. In order to carry

out this task automatically, gaps in the data should be searchea for explicitly

and, in those found instances, the missing data supplied. The missing data

being discussed represents control, evaluation, or key event information.

Output which identifies any lack of such data should result from a judicious

set of RDBMS queries targeted at the absence rather than the presence of such

*' information. When a pattern of data omission can be identified, a recommendation to NTC to correct the operational procedure should be made.

The effect of new training or tactical procedures can also be examined

as it compares to expected results from prior test scenarios. This implies

the continued use of the RDB across unit tests which would result in an

154

S -35-
t1

evolutionary advance in RDB use. There is every likelihood that the RDB may

be able to provide in a concise output format the experimental proof necessary

to verify the effectiveness of both a new training and new tactical methods.

i

S.

i-15,

36- 'S -36-
X. Creation of the RDB

The first step in the creation of an RDB is the definition of the RDB's

functional requirements. This activity identifies not only the direction that

future ARI efforts will take, but also any limitations to be imposed on those

efforts. The identification of the functional requirements for an RDB is

closely tied to the setting of goals for the program. ARI must define the

organizational needs before steps can be taken to obtain solutions. A

derivative of goal setting is the identification of constraints arising from

both functional and cost considerations. Once a satisfactory definition ot

functional requirements has been identified and published, the task of

building an RDB can begin.

The next step in the creation of an RDB involves the conversion of the

existing NTC history tapes. Before the actual conversion process can begin,

several analysis activities should be undertaken. As a starting point, the

exact format of the data must be identified to enable the transcriptLon

process to the appropriate RDBMS format to take place. This will normally

take the form of the data element parameterization of-a COPY function which

transfers file data from the NTC to the RDB using RDBMS system format

conventions.

The selection process for an RDBMS should occur either before or in

parallel with the analysis of the NTC history tape content. These activities

are independent because, while there will be minor syntactical and operational

differences, all RDBMSs which use structured English (the recommended query

-37-
0* syntax) have the same generic input file format. Both the data content of the

.-.- NTC tapes and the functional capabilities of the candidate RDBMSs should be

understood in order to design an efficient mapping strategy from the NTC

history tapes to the RDB.

An important step in that mapping strategy is the analysis of the

frequency characteristics of data elements within an NTC history file

segment. Since only changes to current status are written out by the NTC

system, the mapping from the NTC data base to the RDBMS data base may require

an intermediate step in which a set of fixed length records are created for

each type of transaction (or change). Each transaction type would then be

sortable into its own standard file structure. One advantage to this approach

would oe that the frequency characteristics of each class of data transaction

could be derived in the translation process.

A related area of analysis is the determination of the degree to which

file structures within the RDBMS should be created to make the best use of the

frequency characteristics of the data to maximize retrieval time and minimize

to disk space taken for the RDB. It may well be the case that categorical

distributions naturally occur which were not a part of the NTC system data

base definition and yet which are of value to the RDBMS.

One area of analysis which should be performeo prior to conversion has

to do with the possible redefinition of meaningful measures of both time and

positional granularity. As a part of the general problem of data reduction,

the following questions arise and must be answered:

15~

-38
I. Should a one second granularity be retained as the basis of

analysis?

2. Independent of the answer to question 1, are there higher levels of

time granularity which are of value for analysis purposes?

3. Are there other measures of positional granularity that are of

value?

As the result of the answer to these granularity questions, it will be

possible to identify a set of data augmentations of analytical value to ARI.

The concept of granularity may apply to other set definitions besides time and

position and is relevant to any categorization which is appropriate for

*Q analysis purposes and for which data has been collected (see Table 1).

Another important area of analysis which should be undertaken as a part

of the conversion process relates to the conditioning of the basic data

captured by the NTC system to create a continuous set of additional measures

of effectiveness in the area of indices or ratios of performance. Where it is

possible to calculate such performance indices at retrevial time without great

loss of efficiency, they should not be considered as candidate RDB augmentations. However, where useful indices require a pre-processing step or would

create a time-consuming calculation burden at retrieval time, their incorporation as data into the RDB should be considered.

The actual data conversion itself should be composed of the following

conceptual steps:

15b

6 -39-

• ." . . i " - -.. , . ." '," ' ' ' . - . . ..' . > -
1. The mapping of the NTC data tapes into a set of individual

transaction files based on change frequency discussed earlier.

This may require the packing of change data into fixed length

format with null fields introduced to complete the record structure.

2. A study of the reduction properties of all data to be incorporated

into the RDB with the intent of space saving and retrieval time

economy.

3. The specification and algorithimic incorporation of all time,

positional, or other granularity redefinitions of value. This

should occu- for each intermediate-step transaction file.

4. The specification and algorithmic incorporation of all performance

ratios or indices deemed necessary to incorporate into the RDB as

basic data.

5. The creation of explicit indices in those cases where implicit

pointers to ancillary tables are used.

6. The provision of any ancillary data required for display purposes.

7. The description of all data formats and file structures into a

Common Data Dictionary which is independent of any candidate RDBMS

selected.

8. The execution of the COPY function to create a preprocessed file

* structure that is optimized from a retrieval standpoint for the

RDBMS.

Once the RDB has been created, further enhancements relate to either

supplying missing test data or adding entirely new data to the RDB from other

sources. In the area of supplying missing information about a test under

scrutiny, the type of data to be added may relate to such things as environmental conditions, mission planning, tactical events of significance (key

-40-
4

events), performance evaluation parameters input by field controllers, training

parameters, etc. Field controller inputs of value may be in nonprocessible

form (source commentary) and it may be desirable to translate them into

processible variables. It should be noted that this type of data enhancement

involves a high degree of judgmental analysis. In order to accomplish this

class of data augmentation, there should also be a careful review of both the

digitized and audio commentary provided by the field controllers.

A second class of RDB enhancement relates to the addition of entirely

new data to the RDB such as personnel and unit training records. .The

existence of valuable supplementary data may well exist in automated form on

other computational systems within the Army community of data processing.

Where this is the case, such data files should be copied and incorporated in

the RDB in order to enhance both its power and generality.

While data base configuration management issues are the subject matter

of another paper, a word should be said on the system backup for the RDB. The

steps in the conversion process should be carefully documenteo in a set of

cookbook-like procedures so that the RDB can be reconstituted in the event

that its integrity becomes suspect. This entails not only saving the original

NTC data tapes (or a compacted copy of them) but also maintaining a careful

record of all enhancement, additions, and changes that may have occurred. In

the worst case, the RDB should be recoverable from scratch using a set of well

documented standard procedures which govern the intermediate mapping process.

A final word should be said on some topics not covered in this discussion

which represent additional areas of analysis that must be considered before the

conversion procedure takes place. They are:

-41-
1. Updating the RDB

2. Security considerations

3. The validation of RDB data.

Each of these topics should be reviewed and a strategy developed which matches

the functional requirements of the RDB.

0

4

0l

- - I;
XI. Continuing Areas Of Study

Once the RDB has become operational at ARI, continuing areas of study

involving the RDB lie in essentially five areas. In outline form they are:

1. Correlation analysis. This involves the continuing study and

understanding of the relationships involved between and among the

variables which make up the RDB.

2. RDBMS retrieval optimization. The principal areas of continued

investigation here lie in the restructuring and the conditioning of

the RDB elements to maximize the data retrieval capabilities of the

SQ RDBMS while at the same time minimizing the capacity requirements

of the RDB.

3. RDB enhancement. This area of continued study should be focused on

three sub-categories. First, the addition of data elements either

left out or in non-processible format inherent in the NTC tests

which are complementary to analysis. Secondly, the addition of

algorithmically created data elements which make the retrieval

process more general in terms of response capabilities. Principal

concerns here are revised time ana position granularity questions

particularly as they relate to key events. A third area of data

enhancement focus should be the addition from entirely new sources

not only unit and individual training data but also tactical and

mission planning data. This class of addition will be useful in

evaluating the results of experimental hypothesis as well as

verifying basic correlations between data elements not previously

relatable except through unsubstantiated insight.

6-43-
4. Basis for experimentation. The RDB can be used on a continuing

basis as the test-bed for experiments in both the training and

Itactics areas. The statistical results that it provides will

enable the verification of a wide variety of theoretical premises

of interest.

5. Modeling. Performance profiles may be extracted from the kDB that

are the basis of either tactical or training models. Care should

be taken, however, not to combine past historical data with future

estimates of performance in ways that are not meaningful.

e

, . .
XII. Conclusions

U 1. The RDB problem is generic in nature and its successful solution

can set a pattern for similar usages throughout the Army.

2. The RDB has great potential value to continuing ARI research.

3. Functional requirements analysis is an essential first step in the

creation of an RDB of continuing value.

4. A relational DBMS rather than either a hierarchical or network DBMS

is the best solution for RDB procp--*ng. The leading candidates

for consideration which exist for a VAX relational DBMS are IhGRES,

ORACLE, IDM 500, NOMAD, and SPIRE.

- 5. The current lack of specific details on the NTC history file format

is a serious impediment to future planning.

I G.

S-45-
XIII. Recommendations

1. ARI should develop a systematic team approach to the creation and

use of the RDB which provides a general understanding of the goals

of the program.

2. ARI should immediately begin consideration of possible lines of

questioning to be addressed to the RDB.

3. The question of combining the RDB across unit tests at the lowest

U level of granularity should be carefully reviewed since there are

not only retrieval tradeoffs but serious utility questions to be

answered on that subject.

4. The selection of the RDBMS should be based on an analysis of

competing characteristics. The most accurate way to do this is to

field test each candidate using a complete NTC exercise and a

representative set of queries to it. It is more expeditious,

however, to analyze the leading candidates, select the one that

appears to have the greatest capability for ARI's purposes and then

target the conversion to that RDBMS. If subsequent candidate

comparison is desirable, it can always be done at a later point if

the first candidate selected proves inefficient. In addition to

its performance and flexibility characteristics, the extent of

current usage should also be a selection factor. This is because

the extent of usage is an approximate measure of both the

reliability and future performance extensions to the current DBMS

version.

-

'• -46-

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5. ARI should immediately take steps to acquire the format details of

the history data files from NTC which form the basis of the RDB so

that further planning can occur.

6. ARI should adopt an implementation plan for acquiring an RDB which

approximates that shown in Attachment D.

I-

[

I[ S

-47

. . . . . . -47-.. 
Bibliography

1. Staff of SAI, "NTC Phase I Requirements Design Specification," Volume

I, 1982.

2. Hawthorn, Paula Birdwell, "Evaluation and Enhancement of the

Performance of Relational Data Base Management Systems," Ph.D Thesis,

University of California, Berkeley, 1979.

3. Inco, Inc., "SQL Front-End Functional Description," Contract Report to

the Office of Naval Research, 1981.

4. Kooi, Robert P., "The Optimization of Queries in Relational Data

Bases," Ph.D Thesis, Case Western Reserve University, 1980.

5. Michaels, Mittman, Carlson, "A Comparison of the Relational ana CODASYL

Approaches to Data Base Management," ACM, 1976.

6. Downs, Popek, "Data Base Management Systems Security and Ingres," IEEE

International Conference on Very Large Data Bases, 1979.

7. Buneman, Morgan, "ASAP to REL: Efficient Relational Data Bases from

Very Large Files," Report to Office of Naval Research, the University

of Pennsylvania, 1975.

8. Computer Software Management and Information Center, the University of

Georgia, "SPIRE Data Base Users Guide," a Query-by-Example Relational

DBMS, 1980.

S. -48-

" . . . .'. . . , " -", "/ , "." . . . 7 .', -.-• , , ' - .
-I u

9. Sandberg, G., "A Primer on Relational Data Base Concepts," IBM Systems

Journal, 1981.

10. IBM Research Staff, "System R: An Architectural Overview," IBM System

Journal, 1981.

11. Weiss, Harvey M., "The ORACLE Data Base Management System," Mini Micro

Systems Conference, August 1980.

12. Staff Relational Technology, "INGRES Reference Manual," 1982."

S

13. Staff of Britton Lee, "IDM 500 Software Reference Manual," 1981.

*b 14. Chapman, J. A., "Logical Data Base Design for Relational Data Base

Systems," Masters Thesis, Naval Postgraduate School, 1978.

15. Yamaquchi, Ohbo, Kunii, Kitagawa, and Harada, "ELF: Extended Relational

Model for Large Flexible Picture Data Bases," IEEE, 1980.

16. CODASYL Data Base Task Group, "April 1971 Report."

17. Freding, Michael, "Understanding Data Base Management," 1982.

- -. -49-
ATTACHMENTS

A -NTC Player History File Structure

L B -History Segmnent Header Nomenclature

C -INGRES Graphics Package Summary

D -Implementation Plan Outline, Schedule and Rough

Manpower Estimates for Acquiring an kDB

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ATTrACHMENT C: INGRES CRAPtIICS PACKAGE SUMMARY.

Relational Technology Inc. (RTI) announces the intro- lilies including a logarithmic scale and tick marks

duction of INGRES GBF (Graph By Forms), available for various scales.

as an add-on module with Version 2 0 for VAX/VMX The first release of INGRES GBF is supported on a

Designed by INGRES Technical Staff member John variety of devices

Newton. GBF translates intormalion in an INGRES Tefminals-DEC'a VTl25, the Toktronix 40xx serdatabase into a variety of easily understood graphical ies and graphics terminals compatible with them.

depictions The GBF package is designed lor the deci- such as the AED 5121767. RAMTEK 62xx series,

sion maker in business and scientific situations. Chromatics and Envision A range of other alpha- The GBFpackagebestaccommodatesenvironments numeric terminals (not including DEC's VT100

where the need for a clear picture of trends, exceptions terminal) also supporl INGRES GBF.

and implications in crucial data outweighs the need for . Plotters-Zeta, Calcomp and a range of Hewletteach explicit data item making up the general picture Packard plotters. Two basic components make up the package. The first * Film recorders-the Dicomed film recorder, to

Is the gbf facility, a "visual programming" tolo with generate slides of graphs. which users specify what kind of graph Ithey want and

the sorts of features they wish. GBF presents a range of Language Ut i Iz ion

screen-based forms with command menus to the user

In turn. the user fills in the forms and selects menu M

options that specify the graph's characteristics GBF

stores the results ol these specIfications in system

catalogs in the database The second component, the * School

g91ph command, generates the graph according to the

users specifications as built with the GBF facility. "

m arket Peformane

as r

The logic of INGRES GBF mirrors tha of the INGRES

* Report Writer. The gbf command records grfaph speciticutions in the database, just as the areport commai~nd fe

records report specifications The graph command \X

outputs the user-specified graph either to an appropriate terminal or plotter, just as the report command

outputs the user-specified report

* In its Initial release. GBF allows users to select a A lull list of supporleo terminals, plotters and film revariety of characteristics for a graph. These character- coiders will appear in the release documentation.

istics include the following: The first release of INGRES GBF will produce moThe data set. or information to be graphed. speci- nochromatic, two-dimensional graphs. The following

fled with a QUEL (INGRES QUEry Language) release. Version 2 0 for VAX/VMX, will support threestatement that retrieves relevant rows from the data- dimensional images, color and other features for "boardbase. room quality" graphics. Future plans include an inter-

, The graph type. including bar charts, pie charts, active graphics editor, with input graphics devices

scatter plots and general line graphs, and such as light pens. mice. crosshairs and track balls.

A wide range of additional features. including (but RTI distributes the INGRES GBF package as an unnot limited to) headings. legends. cross-hatch buindled leam for $2500 Complete details on pricing.

patterns, dot types, line types, type laces, ltlis. suippo rt. updiles and related issues are available from

linear regression for scatter plots, scales for quan- fill I

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