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SUPPLEMENTARY WORLD MAPS

OF

F2 CRiTICAL FREQUENCIES

AND

MAXIMUM USABLE FREQUENCY FACTORS

U. S. DEPARTM =NT OF COMMERCE

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

J
THE NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

FunclionA and Activities

The functions of the National Bureau of Standards arr set forth in the Act of Congress, March

i. 1901, a8 amended by Congress in Public Law 619, 1950. These include the development am!

maintenance of the national standards of measurement and the provision of means and methods for

making measurements consistent with these standards: the determination of physical constants and

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and structures; advisory sej-vices to government agencies on scientific and technical problems: invention and development of devices to serve special needs of the Government: and the development

of standard practices, codits, and specifications. The work includes basic and applied research,

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consultation and information services. Ue8(*arch projects are also performed for other government

agencies when the work relates to and supplements the basic program of the Bureau or when the

Bureau's unique competence is required. The scope of activities is suggested by the listing of

divisitms and sections on the inside of the back cover.

Publications

The results of the Bureau's work take the form of either actual equipment and devices or published papers. These papers appear either in the Bureau's own series of publications or in the journals

of professional and scientific societies. The Bureau itself publishes three periodicals available from

the Government Printing Office: The Journal of Research, published in four separate sections.

presents complete scientific and technical papers; the Technical News Bulletin presents summary

and prcliminarv reports on work in progress: and Basic Radio Propaf^alitm Predictions pro\ ides

data for determining the best frequencies to use for radio communications throughout the worhl.

There are also five series of nonperiodical publications: Monographs, Applied Mathematics Series,

Handbooks, Miscellaneous Publications, and Technical Notes.

Information on the Bureau's publications can be found in N BS Circular lOO, Publications of the

National Bureau of Standards (81.25) and its Supplement (??1.50), available from the Supcrintcndrnl

of Documents. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D.C.
NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

technical ^viete

2-2

October I960

SUPPLEMENTARY WORLD MAPS OF F2 CRITICAL FREQUENCIES

AND MAXIMUM USABLE FREQUENCY FACTORS

Donald H. Zacharisen

This vork was prepared In response to Study

Program 60 and Recommendation I76 of the

International Radio Consultative Committee

(CCIR). This Technical Note supplements

Technical Note 2 and together they present

F2-layer prediction material for all months

of the year.

NBS Technical Notes are designed to supplement the Bureau's regular publications program. They provide a means for making available scientific data that are of

transient or limited interest. Technical Notes may be

listed or referred to in the open literature. They are for

sale by the Office of Technical Services, U. S. Department of Commerce, Washington 25, D. C.

DISTRIBUTED BY

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

OFFICE OF TECHNICAL SERVICES

WASHINGTON 25, D. C.

Price $ 3.50

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

I. INTRODUCTION - 1

II. A DESCRIPTION OF WORLD PREDICTION MAPS^ PREDICTION CHARTS AMD AIDS 1

III. INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE OF WORLD PREDICTION MAPS, PREDICTION CHARTS AND AIDS k

IV. SAMPLE PREDICTIONS - 9

A. SOLUTION OF F2-LAYER TRANSMISSION PROBLEM FOR A PATH LESS THAN OR EQUAL TO 4000 KM 11

B. SOLUTION OF F2-LAyER TRANSMISSION PROBLEM FOR A PATH GREATER THAN 4000 KM- 12

V. FIGURES AND TABLES—- 13

A. MAP OF THE WORLD - ik

Bo GREAT CIRCLE CHART — 15

C. DISTANCE NOMOGRAM l6

D. SUPPLEMENTAL DISTANCE NOMOGRAM - I7

E. TABLE OF APPROXIMATE VALUE OF ONE-HALF THE G^fflOFREQUENCY I8

F. TABLE OF GEOMAGNETIC LATITUDE OF POINTS ON TEE EARTH I9

G. WORK SHEET FOR SOLUTION OF P2-LAyER TRANSMISSION PROBLEM FOR A PATH LESS THAN OR EQUAL TO ^1-000 KM— 21

H. WORK SHEET FOR SOLUTION OF F2-LAyER TRANSMISSION PROBLEM FOR A PATH GREATER THAN l|-000 KM - 22

VI. WORLD PREDICTION MAPS AND PREDICTION CHARTS : 23

A. FEBRUARY 2k

B. APRIL - — 61

C. MAY - 98

D. AUGUST 135

E. OCTOBER 172

F. NOVEMBER 209

SUPELEMENTARY WORIXt MAPS OF F2 CEITICAL FREQUENCIES

AND MAXIMUM USABLE FREQUENCY FACTORS

by

Donald H. Zacharisen

Summary

This report supplements National Bureau of Standards

Technical Note Number 2, April 1959^ ^^nd. completes the

basic data required for F2-layer maximum usable frequency

predictions. Prediction charts are given for the months

of Februaryj April, May, August, October and November.

Auxiliary charts are included to aid in predicting F2-

layer MUFs.

The four parameters used for predicting MUFs are foF2

and the i^OOO km MUF factor for a twelve-month running

average Zurich simspot number of 50, and the rates of

change of foF2 and i<-000 km MUF factor with sunspot number.

The first three parameters are presented in map form for

each even hour of Greenwich Mean Time, The fourth parameter Is presented on a chart of geomagnetic latitude and

local time.

1. INTRODUCTION

This report completes the twelve -month set of world

prediction maps and charts for use in predicting median

maximtmi usable frequencies (MUFs) for F2-layer transmission.

The basic parameters in this report for February, April,

May, August, October, and November include most of the

data taken during the IGY. National Bureau of Standards

Technical Note Number 2 , which presents the same basic

data for January, March, June, July, September, and

December, includes only a small amount of IGY data. All

of the prediction maps and charts are prepared for average conditions. Each prediction map corresponds to an

even hour of Greenwich Ifean Time (GMT) which is also

known as Universal Time (UT).

2

The results of a pilot study cover most of the considerations involved in producing these prediction maps.

The history of the preparation of these maps is covered

in two sources. '

II. A DESCRIPTION OF WORLD PREDICTION MAPS,

PREDICTION CHARTS AND AIDS

Figure 3 shows the map projection used in producing

the world prediction maps. This map will be used in

determining the location of the desired communication path

endpoints. Figure 4, a great circle chart, is based on

the same projection used in the above map of the world.

Figures 3 and k are used to determine the great circle

communication path between the transmitting and receiving

terminals. The world prediction maps are all presented
- 2 -

for each even hour of the day. The prediction charts of

slope of regression line of M-^000 factor on the twelvemonth running average Zurich sunspot number (RASSW) have

time of day rather than longitude as the abscissa. Hence

there are fewer charts to represent this parameter than

there are maps to represent the other parameters. It was

2

determined^ from the results of a pilot study , that it

would he of doubtful value to attempt to specify this

parameter in more detail.

Figure 5 aJid Figure 6 are used to interpolate between the values of F2-zero-MUF and F2-i^-000-MUP provided

by the world prediction maps and prediction charts.,

Figure 5 is generally used. Figure 6 is to be used during

certain daylight hours indicated in the accompanying Table,

The nomogram in Figure 6 will_, in general^ give lower

values of MUF than the nomogram in Figure 5- It is felt

that the prescribed use of two distance nomograms (Figure

5} Figure 6) will give predictions which are more nearly

consistent throughout the year. Both nomograms have

F2-zero-MUF along the left vertical axis, F2-zero-MUF is

obtained by adding one-half of the gyrofrequency (f,^) to

a.

*Used by permission of Dr. Kenneth Davies of the National

Bureau of Standards^ Boulder^ Colorado^

the foF2. An approximate value of fjj/2 is obtained from

Table 1 as a function of geomagnetic latitude. The geomagnetic latitude^ for a given geographic latitude and

longitude^ may be obtained from Table 2.

The prediction maps for foF2 at RASSK 50 and M-^000

factor at RASSN 50 are used respectively with those for

the slope of regression of fQF2 on RASSN and the prediction charts of the slope of regression of M-^000 factor

on RASSN .. The first two parameters above give the value

of foF2 or M-4000 factor at a RASSN of 50. The third and

fourth parameters give the rates of change of foF2 or

M-4000 factor with RASSN. For example^ a value from the

map of foF2 at RASSN 50 used with a corresponding value

from the map of the rate of change of foF2 with RASSN will

give^ for a given geographical location, the value of

foF2 for essentially all values of RASSN.

In addition to the above prediction material a predicted value of RASSN, such as is supplied five months in

advance of the month in question by CRPL using the McNishLincoln method, is required to predict F2-layer MOFSo

It should be kept in mind that these maps will

provide predictions only for F2-layer propagation. For

low sunspot numbers, during local summer at middle latitudes,
- 3

-

the E- and Fl-layers may permit propagation at a somewhat

higher frequency than the F2-layero Also, at anytime^

other factors, such as sporadic-E, scatter, layer tilts,

etc., may also permit propagation at higher frequencies

than predicted from these maps.

A simple set of equations are used to predict MUFs

and optimum traffic frequencies (FOTs)* from the prediction maps and charts, the aids, and a predicted RASSN.

The following symbols are used in presenting these equations :

R

f(R)

f(50)

= predicted RASSN.

= median ordinary-wave critical frequency

(median foF2) at RASSN R (denotes median

foF2 as a function of R).

= median foF2 at RASSN 50,

= slope of the regression line of median

foF2 on RASSN (the rate of change of

median foF2 with RASSN).

M(R) = median maximum usable frequency factor

for a transmission distance of i|-000

kilometers (median M-^OOO) at RASSN R,

M(50)

bM

= median M-4000 at RASSN 50.

= slope of the regression line of median

M-ifOOO factor on RASSN (rate of change

of median M-i<-000 factor with RASSN),

*The term FOT supersedes OWF which appears in the report presenting the first six months of maps.

1

F2-zero-MUF(R) = maximum usable frequency for a

transmission distance of zero

kilometers at RASSN R.

F2-ifOOO-MUF(R) = maximum usable frequency for a transmission distance of 4000

kilometers at RASSN R.

"^H ^ ^^ofre quency

,

f(H) = f(50) + (R-50)b^ .

M(r) = M(50) + (R-50)b,, . M

f(R) + fjj/2 = median F2-2ero-MUF(R).

[f(R)] [M(R)] = median F2-4ooO-MUF(R).

f (50), b^, and M(50) are read from their respective

maps at the geographical location of the control points

of the great-circle path between the transmitting and

receiving terminals. For circuits 4000 km or less, the

control point is at the great-circle midpoint. For

circuits greater than IfOOO km, ionospheric conditions

2000 km from each terminal are assumed to control bM

is read from a chart at the geomagnetic latitude of the

control points. The predicted value of RASSN used with

this report should be one that will give the best MUF

predictions rather than one that will predict a correct

value of RASSN. The above value of RASSN should follow

closely the predicted or expected value of RASSN,

The world prediction maps of foF2 at RASSN 50 and
- k -

M-i^OOO factor at RASSW 50 were drawn from median values

and the use of the values from these maps in the above

equations will result in median values of F2-i^000-MUF(R)

and F2-zero-MaF(R). The median value is of course the

middle value when the observed data are arranged in order

of magnitude . Propagation at the MUF calculated from

these prediction maps and charts should be possible on

approximately 50?t of the days of the month.

A frequency that should be propagated via the F2-

layer approximately 90^ of the time (FOT) may be easily

obtained from the above median F2-MUF. It might be found

by taking 85^ of the median F2-i^000-MUF(R) and 85^ of the

median F2-zero-MUF(R), but it is simpler Just to take 85^

of the median F2-MUF for which the distance interpolation

has already been made. Both methods can be seen to yield

the same results.

Ill INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE OF WORLD PREDICTION

MAPS, PREDICTION CHARTS AND AIDS

Mach of the material In this section is similar to

that in National Bureau of Standards Circular U65 which

is probably familiar to many users of this report and

therefore the use of a similar text should aid in determining F2-layer MUFs from the material included herein.

It is suggested that if repeated use is to be made of

this report, the staples be removed and the report

placed in a looseleaf notebook so that the pages will

lie flat.

1. Determination of Great-Circle Distances and

Locations of Transmission Control Points

Figure 3 is a map of the world. Figure 4 is a

chart to the same scale as Figure 3, on which the solidline curves crossing the equator at two points l80° apart

represent great circles. The numbered dot-dash lines

crossing the great circles indicate distances along them

In thousands of kilometers. In using Figures 3 and h,

proceed as follows

(a) Place a piece of transparent paper over the

map, Figure 3, and draw the equatorial line and the 120°W

longitude line. Place dots over the locations of the

transmitting and receiving terminals. Also mark the 0**

meridian for use in determining GMT from the prediction

charts of slope of regression line of M-^^OOO factor on

RASSN.

(b) Place this transparency over Figure h and,

keeping the equatorial line of the transparency always

on the equatorial line of Figure k, slide the transparency

horizontally until the terminal points marked on it either
- 5

-

fall on the same great circle or are the same proportional

distance between adjacent great-circle curves. Draw a

great-circle path through the terminal points. Paths between Washington, D.C and Miami, Florida, and Washington,

D.C. and Trieste are shown in Figure k,

(c) For paths shorter than UOOO km, locate the midpoint of the path by keeping the transparency in position on Figure h and using the numbered lines as a distance scale. The midpoint of the Washington-Miami path

is at M on Figure h,

(d) For paths longer than 4000 km, locate the

following "control points" on the great circle transmission path:

Point "A" 2000 km from the transmitter

Point "b" 2000 km from the receiver

These control points for the Washington-Trieste path are

shown in Figure k,

2, Prediction of Maximum Usable Frequencies

and Optimum Traffic Frequencies

2.1 Prediction of MUF and FOT for distances less

than or equal to 4000 km

(a) A work sheet similar to that of Figure 7 is

suggested.

(b) To predict the MUF:

(1) Place the great circle transparency over

the map of foF2 at RASSN 50 for 0000 hours GMT for

the month of interest and keep the equatorial line

of the transparency over the equatorial line of the

map and the 120 °W line of the transparency over the

120°W line of the map.

(2) Read the value of foF2 for the midpoint of

the path and record as f(50) in Column a. of Figure

7.

(3) Repeat for the 0200, OkOQ, 0600, etc.

maps.

(h) Repeat steps (l), (2), and (3) for the maps

of the slope of the regression line of foF2 on RASSN

and again for the maps of M-4000 factor at RASSN 50

and record values as b in Column b. and as M(50) in

Colimin e.j respectively, of Figure 7.

(5) Compute (R-50), using the predicted value

of R for the desired month, and record this value in

Column c. of Figure 7-

(6) From Figure 3, determine the geographical

coordinates of the path midpoint located in Section
- 6 -

1 (c) above. Table 2 is then used to find the geomagnetic latitude of the midpoint. Geographic

latitude is located along the vertical axis of Table

2 and geographic longitude is located along the

horizontal axis, l80°E to 360° E longitude on Table

2 corresponds to l80°W to 0° longitude.

(7) If the geomagnetic latitude differs from

the geographic latitude^ place a dot on the geographic meridian of the great-circle midpoint at a

geographic latitude equal to the geomagnetic latitude

found in (6) above.

(8) Place the transparency over the chart of

the slope of the regression line of M-^000 factor

on RASSW and keep the equatorial line of the transparency over the equatorial line of the chart. Slide

the transparency horizontally until the Greenwich

meridian of the transparency coincides with 0000 hours

on the local time (LT) scale.

Wote that all points on the great-circle path

are in their proper LT relationship to Green-wich.

(9) Read the slope of the regression line of

M-i^-OOO factor on RASSN for the location of the dot

determined in Instruction (7) above and record as b„

in Column f . of Figure 7.

Note that on the prediction chart (-) refers to

an algebraic increase (e.g. -.00^1-0 to -.OO50) of values

inside the contour so specified while {+) refers to an

algebraic decrease (e.g. -.00^0 to -.OO30) of values

inside of the contour so specified.

(10) Repeat for 0200, OifOO, 060O, etc on the

time scale. Frequently it will be necessary to make

the Greenwich meridian of the transparency coincide

with an imagined 2600^ 2800, 3000, etc. on the time

scale, A convenient aid is to place marks at two

hour intervals on the equatorial line of the transparency.

(11) Compute the values for Columns d., g., and

h. of Figxire 7 from the equation at the heading of

each of these columns. The equation for Column d. is

f(R) = Column a^ + (Column b»)(Col\Amn c).

(12) Use the geomagnetic latitude of the path

midpoint found in Instruction (6) above to obtain onehalf of the gyrofVequency (f__) from Table 1. Add

li

this value of f /2 to the median foF2 for all even

hours to obtain median F2-zero-MUF(R) and record the

values in column i. of Figure 7.
- 7

-

(13) For each hour place a straightedge "between

the values of F2-zero-MUF(R) and F2-i^000-M^F(R) at

the left-hand and right-hand sides^ respectively^ of

the appropriate grid nomogram. Figure 5 ox Figure 6,

and read the MUF for the actual path length at the

intersection point of the straightedge with the appropriate vertical distance line, interpolating between the ohlique lines. Use the nomogram in Figure

6 as Indicated by the accompanying Table. Otherwise

use the nomogram in Figure 5» Record the values in

Column j, of Figure 7.

(ik) Calculate the F2-F0T by multiplying each

median F2-iynjF in Column J . of Figure 7 by the factor

O085 or by using the conversion scale contained in

Figure 5» Record the values in Column k. of Figure

7.

2.2 Prediction of MUF and FOT for distances

greater than 4000 km

(a) General Considerations:

The long distance F2-layer MUF predictions are

based on the assumptions;

(1) That there are F2-layer control points A

and B.

(2) That the highest frequency that can be

propagated from the A-end to the B-end is the lower

of the two frequencies of A and B above.

(3) That the frequency obtained in (2) is the

same for propagation from the B-end to the A-end.

(b) A work sheet similar to Figure 8 is suggested.

Scaled values and corriputations for control point A and

control point B should be recorded in Coliomns a. through

h. and Columns 1. through o., respectively, on Figure 8.

In the following instructions, the first designated column

letter will apply to control point A and the one in

parenthesis to control point B. The lower of A and B is

entered in Column p. and the FOT is computed from this

and entered in Coliomn q.

(c) Locate the control points A and B as explained

in Section 1. For very long paths the "short route"

(minor arc of the great-circle path) and the "long route"

(major arc) may both need to be considered,

(d) To determine the MUF:

(1) Place the great circle transparency over

the map of foF2 at RASSN 50 for 0000 hours GMT for

the month of interest and keep the equatorial line

of the transparency over the equatorial line of the

map and the 120°W line of the transparency over the

120°W line of the map.
- 8 -

(2) Read the value of foF2 for control point

A and record as f(50) in Colixmn a. (l.) of Figirre

8.

(3) Repeat for the 0200, Oi^-00, 0600, etc. maps.

(h) Repeat steps (l)^ (2)^ and (3) for the

maps of the slope of the regression line of foF2 on

RASSN and again for the maps of M-4000 factor at

RASSK 50 and record values as b in Column b. (j-),

and as M(50) in Column e. (i.)^ respectively, of

Figure 8.

(5) Compute (R-50), using the predicted value

of R for the desired month, and record this value in

Column c , of Figure 8

.

(6) From Figure 3j determine the geographical

coordinates of the location of control point A which

was located in Section 1 (d) above. Table 2 is then

used to find the geomagnetic latitude of A. Geographic latitude is located along the vertical axis

of Table 2 and geographic longitude is located along

the horizontal axis. l80°E to 36o°E longitude

on this chart corresponds to 180°W to 0° longitude.

(7) If the geomagnetic latitude differs from

the geographic latitude, place a dot on the geographic meridian of control point A at a geographic latitude equal to the geomagnetic latitude

found in (6 ) above

.

(8) Place the transparency over the chart of

the slope of the regression line of M-^000 factor

on RASSW and keep the equatorial line of the transparency over the equatorial line of the chart. Slide

the transparency horizontally until the Greenwich

meridian of the transparency coincides with 0000

hours on the local time (LT) scale.

DTote that all points on the great-circle path

are in their proper LT relationship to Greenwich.

(9) Read the value of the slope of the regression line of M-i^000 factor on RASSW for the location

of the dot determined in Instruction (7) above and

record as b in column f. (m^ ) of Figure 8.

Note that on the prediction chart (-) refers to

an algebraic increase (e.g. -.OOifO to -.OO50) of

values inside of the contour so specified while (+)

refers to an algebraic decrease (e.g. -.0040 to

-.0030) of values inside of the contour so specified.
- 9

-

(10) Eepeat for 0200, O^t-OO, 060O, etc. on the

tljne scale. Frequently it will be necessary to make

the Greenwich meridian of the transparency coincide

with an imagined 260O, 2800^ 3000, etc. on the time

scale. A convenient aid is to place marks at twohour intervals on the equatorial line of the transparency.

(11) Compute the values for Columns d. (k.),

g. (n,)j and h. (o.) of Figure 8 from the equation

at the heading of each of these columnso

(12) Repeat steps (l) through (ll) for control

point B using Columns i. through o, on the work

sheet as indicated in the parenthesis.

(13) For each of the even hours compare the two

values of median F2-ij-000-MUF{R) in Columns h. and o.

of Figure 8 representing control point A and control

point B, respectively. The lower of the two values

is the MUF for a given even hour for the transmission

path. Record this median F2-MUF for the path in

Column p.

(ik) Calculate the F2-F0T by multiplying each

median F2-MIIF in Column p. of Figure 8 by the factor

0,85 or by using the conversion scale in Figure 5.

The values obtained are recorded in Column q. of

Figure 8.

IV. SAMPLE MUF AND FOT PREDICTIONS

1. Short Path

The MUF and FOT for the great-circle communication

path between Washington, D.C. (39.0°N, 77.5°W) and Miami,

Florida (25.7°N, 80.5°W), have been predicted for average

conditions for the month of April using a RASSN of II9.

This was the observed RASSN for April of I956 and the

values that have been predicted would be applicable to

the propagation conditions encountered during that period.

It is possible that a predicted value of RASSN would fit the

propagation conditions encountered more precisely than the

observed RASSN.

The values that have been calculated are shown in

Figure 1, It will be noted here that the values recorded

in Columns a., b., e., and f. of Figure 1 will always

apply for the above communication path for the month of

April. The values in Column c. will vary from year to

year with changes in the value of RASSN « The values for

Columns a., b., e., and f. could therefore be scaled^ for

a given month and transmission path, well in advance of

the receipt of the predicted value of RASSN.
- 10 -

The geographic latitude of the midpoint of the above

path is included in the limits indicated in the Tahle in

Figure 6 and therefore the distance nomogram in Figure 6

is used for the period O7OO to 17OO hours local time at

the path midpoint. The nomogram in Tahle 5 is used for

all other hours of the day.

2. Long Path

The MUF and FOT for the great-circle communication

path between Washington^ D.G, (39pO''N, 77.5°W) and Trieste

(il-5*7°K, 13,8''e) have been predicted for average conditions for the month of October using a EASSW of 8. This

was the observed RASSR for October of 195^ ^"^^ "tlie values

that have been predicted would be applicable to the propagation conditions encountered during that period. It is

again possible that a predicted value of RASSN would fit

the propagation conditions encountered more precisely than

the observed RASSN,

The values that have been calculated for the control

point A are shown in Columns a, through h, of Figure 2

and the values calculated for control point B are shown

in Columns 1, through o. of Figure 2. Again^ it will be

noted that the values recorded in Columns a.^ b.^ e,^ and

f. and Columns i., J,, K, and m, will always apply for

the above communication path for the month of October. The

values in Column c. will vary from year to year with changes

in the value of RASSN. The values for Columns a., b., e.,

and f, and Columns i,, j., £,, and m. could therefore be

scaled^ for a given month and transmission path, well in

advance of the receipt of the predicted value of RASSW,

REFERENCES

1, Zacharisen, D,Ho, World maps of F2 critical frequencies

and maximum usable frequency factors, Nat, Bur. Stand,

Tech. Note 2, 1959-

2. Crow, E.L. and D.H„ Zacharisen, "The error in prediction

of F2 maximum usable frequencies by world maps based

on sunspot number", Statistical tfethods in Radio Wave

Propagation, Pergamon Press, I960,

3. Zacharisenj D.Ho and Vaughn Agy, World maps of F2 critical frequencies and maximum usable frequency factors

for use in making ionospheric radio predictions, Jo

Geophys. Research, 65_, 593-593, I96O.

4, Vestine, E.H., L. Laporte, I. Lange, C, Cooper, W,C.

Hendrix, "Description of the earth's main magnetic

field and its secular change 1905-19^5"^ Carnegie

Institution of Washington Publication 51^, Washington,

D.C., 19^8, pp. 28-33.

5. McNish, A.G. and J,V, Lincoln, "Prediction of sunspot

numbers". Trans, of the Amer. Geophys, Union, Vol, 3O;

pp. 673-685, 19^9.

6, NBS Circular 465, "instructions for the use of basic

radio propagation predictions", U.S, Govt. Printing

Office, 19-^7.
- 11 -

SOLUTION OF F2-LAYER TRANSMISSION PROBLEM FOR A PATH LESS TEAK OR EQUAL TO ifOOO KM

From Washington, D.C. To Miami J Florida Distance 1500 km Predicted for April 19

Geomagnetic latitude for path midpoint if3°N

One-half gyrofrequency (f /2) for path midpoint 0.6 Mc

Note: All frequencies are in Megacycles

ProtTflure Scale Scale Compute Compute Scale Scale C ompute Compute Compute

Scale - use Fig. Compute

GMT \

f(50) ^f

(R-50)

f(R) =

a + be M(50) \

m(r) =

e + cf

median

F2-l|-000-

muf(r)

= dg

median

F2-zeroMUF(R) =

d + fH/2

median

F2-MUF

for

path

F2-F0T

for

path =

0.85J

a b c d e f g h 1 J k

00 7.3 .03^1- 69 9.6 3AI -.0036 3.16 30.3 10.2

-X- lb.2 15.5

02 5.9 .030 69 8.0 3.27 -.0033 3.0if 2h.3 8.6 Xk.S* 12.6

Ok ^.9 .030 69 7.0 3.09 -.0029 2.89 20.2 7.6 12.6 10.7

06 J+.6 .031 69 6.7 3.11 -.0028 2.92 19.6 7.3 12.2 10.1^

08 ^.3 .027 69 6.2 3.1^ -.0028 2.95 18.3 6.8 iiA* 9.7

10 3.8 .02lf 69 5.5 3.20 -.0032 2.98 iG.k 6.1 10.2 8.7

12 5-7 .029 69 7.7 3.51 -.0031^- 3.28 25.3 8.3 15.1 12.8

ih 7.1 .036 69 9.6 3.14-0 -.003^ 3.17 30.4 10.2 17.0 11^.4

16 7.7 .Oil-2 69 10.6 3.15 -.0029 2.95 31.3 11.2 18.0 15.3

18 8.3 .oh3 69 11.3 3.1^ -.0029 2.9i+ 33.2 11.9 19.1 16.2

20 8.3 .040 69 11.1 3.20 -.0030 2.99 33-2 11.7 19.0 16.2

22 8.1 .035 69 10.5 3.30 -.003!^ 3.07 32.2 11.1 18.2 15.5

Done by

Checked

* The distance

** The distance

nomogram in Figure 5 ^^s used

nomogram in Figure 6 was used

FIGURE 1
- 12 -

SOLUTION OF F2-LAYER TRANSMISSION PROBLEM FOR A PATH GREATER THAN ^000 KM

From Washington, D.C. To Trieste Distance 7100 km Predicted for October 19

Geomagnetic latitude for control point A 60°N and control point B ^7°^

Note: All frequencies are in Megacycles

'^^---..^^^ Ilontrol Point A Control Point B

Lower

of h

and

Procedxire Scale Compute

1

Scale Compute Compute Scale Scale Compute Compute Scale Scale Compute Scale Scale Compute Compute

GMT \

f(50)

1

(R-50)

f(R) =

a + be M(50) \

M(R) =

e + cf

median

F2-l|000-

muf(r)

= dg

f(50) ^

f(R) =

i + cj M(50) \

m(r) =

£ + cm

median

F2-1+000-

muf(r)

= kn

median

F2-MUF

for

path

F2-F0T

for

path =

0.85P

a b c d e f S h i J k I m n P q

00

1

.027 -kz 3.6 3.19 -.0035 3.3iv 12.0 l+.O .022 3.1 3.05 -.0032 3.18 9.9 9.9 8.1+

02 U.l .021^ -kz 3.1 3.1^ -.0033 3.28 10.2 3.6 .018 2.8 2,99 -.0032 3.12 8.7 8.7 7-J+

01^ V6 .0211- -kz 2.6 3.09 -.0033 3.23 8.1+ 3.2 .018 2.1+ 2.99 -.0032 3.12 7.5 7.S 6.1+

06 3.1 .021 -kz 2.2 3.06 -.0033 3-20 7.0 2.8 .019 2.0 3.08 -.0032 3-21 6.1+ 6.1+ %4

08 2.7 .019 -kz 1.9 3.07 -.0033 3.21 6.1 5.3 .027 1+.2 3.52 -.003^^ 3.66 15.

6.1 5.2

10 3.6 .019 -kz 2.8 3.33 -.0033 3A7 9.7 7.1 .038 5.5 3.55 -.0036 3.70 20. i|. 9.7 8.2

12 6.1^ .032 -kz 5.1 3.63 -.0035 3.78 19.3 8.0 .01+3 6.2 3A8 -.0038 3. 61+ 22.6 19.3 16.1+

li| 7.^ -Oll-O ~kz 5.7 3.50 -.0037 3.66 20.9 8.1 .01+2 6.3 3.^6 -.0036 3.62 22.8 20.9 17.8

16 7.9 ,OhQ -kz 6.2 -^.ko -.0038 ^.s6 22.1 7.9 .Oi+i+ 6.1 3. SI -.001+2 3.69 22.

S

22.1 18.8 .

ly 7.8 .Oh2 -kz 6.0 3.37 -.OOll-O 3.5^ 21.2 7.0 .037 5A 3.50 -.0039 3.66 19.8 19.8 16.8

20 7-3 .037 -kz 5.7 3M -.001+0 3.63 20.7 5.6 .026 k.5 3.35 -.0036 3.50 15.8 15.0 13.^

22 6.1 .032 -kz k.o 3.35 -.0037 3.51 16.8 1+.2 .021+ 3.2 3.13 -.0033 3.27 10.5 10.5 8.9

Done by

1

Checked

FIGURE 2
- 13 -

V. FIGURE Am TABLES
"lli -

MAP OF THE WORLD

QOPi—

80° 100' I20*» WO" 160° EAST 180° WEST 160" 140° 120° 100° 80° 60' 40° 20° WEST 0° EAST 20" 40° 6g^

50«

70°

80°

90°

60' 80° 100' 120' 140° 160° EAST ieO°WEST 160° 140° 120° 100' 80<

60=

70'

B0<»

CRPL BASE MAP

60° 40^^ 20° WEST 0° EAST 20° 40* is^

FIGURE 3
-IS -

GREAT CIRCLE CHART CENTERED ON EQUATOR. SOLID LINES REPRESENT GREAT CIRCLES. NUMBERED DOT-DASH LINES INDICATE

DISTANCES IN THOUSANDS OF KILOMETERS.

FIGURE li
- 16 -

I-Q

1—

I j_ IIIu—u1 T—

II L

I t I

jniAj ooot?

tn CD r- (D lo

o7='

<rH

(f) Q _j

E

E

c E

ro

If) 03 ~ o O E

J)

e in

CM

0)

tfi lU *' o ;7 E dniAl Oid3Z

NOMOGRAM FOR TRANSFORMING F2-ZERO-MUF AND F2-4000-MUF TO EQUIVALENT MAXIMUM

USABLE FREQUENCIES AT INTERMEDIATE TRANSMISSION DISTANCES; CONVERSION SCALE FOR

OBTAINING OPTIMUM TRAFFIC FREQUENCIES (FOT).

FIGURE 5
- 17 -

CO

fO ro

00

jnw ooot'

CO u>

OJ — — £

OJ CO l£> -^ OJ c

n

1

1

An approximate value of latitude for

the zone in which this distance nomo- ^

gram should be used. It should be

used only during the period 07OO-I7OO

hours local time at the path midpoint.

Month

Geographic Latitude at

Path Midpoint 1

1

January 70°S to 14°N n

February 57°S to 23°N

March i^.l°S to 36°N

April 27'=s to 53°N

May 17°S to 67°N

June 12°S to 7k°li

July 1U°S to 70°N

August 23°S to 57°N

September 36 'S to i^l°N

October 53''S to 27°N

1

1

November 67°S to 17°N U> ^ CJ 05 tc ^ OJ C

December Ik^S to 12°N dnw 0d3Z

OOOfr

ooee

009C

oot^c

002£

0002

0082

0092

001^2

0022 T

ic

0002

z

0061 u

z

0091

OOZI

<

cn

0091

OOSI

OOt^I

OOCI

0021

0011

0001

008

009

00t7

NOMOGRAM FOR TRANSFORMING F2-ZER0-MUF AND F2-4000-MUF TO EQUIVALENT MUFS AT INTERMEDIATE DISTANCES,

FIGURE 6
- 18 -

An Approximate Value of One-half

the Gyrofrequency (fy;) as a Function

of Geomagnetic Latitude

^ Gyrofrequency (f^^) Geomagnetic Latitude

0.8 81 ^N - 90 *N

0.7 60'N - 80 'N

0.6 ko"n - 59^N

0.5 2l'N - 39'N

o.k 20"N - 20'S

0.5 2l'S - 39"S

0.6 i^-O'S - 59 'S

0.7 6o°s - Bo's

0.8 Sl^S - 90''S

TABLE 1
19

O) f' U> » N

1^ N r- (^ (* ^po

Ol P- iQ ^ (0 to u) (0 N O <» to ^

to to m in in

oi fH o> p- in

in m V 1- ^

to rt 0> P- IQ

It * to to i"5

to -t en p' m

to lO CM CM CO

to r-I Ol to (O CO CM "t --i '^ « CM O CD to

.-1 1-1 .-1 It CO O CM It

1 1

lO CD O CM It

--< rJ .H

1 1 > 1 1

to CO O CM * rH rH CM CO M

1 1 1 1 1 >

to CD O CM CO

CM CM to to to

I 1 1 1

in p- Ol rH to

CO CO to ir It

1 1 I 1 1

in t^ tjl rH lo

It It * in in

1 1 1 1 1

in p- CD o CM m in in to ID

1 1 1 1 1

It to CD 01 rH

to to ID ID P~

1 1 1 1

CO V in [~ CO

p- c- p- S pOt 01 Ol 01[^ r- t^ c^

1 1 1 1

(D lO in to cu

r- (^ [^ 1^ r^ o CO (^ in to

p- to <o <o to

—. 01 f. lO ^

to in in in in

CM t3 (O to "T

in in * V *

CM O CO CD *

It * CO to CO

CM O ID to •t to to CM CO CM

to ^ 01 (^ in

CM CM 1-1 -H ^

CO .-1 en p- iD .H i-H

ro ^ ^ CO in

1 1 1

(^ en — to in

1 1 1 1 1

p- Ol rH CO in

-H rH CM CM CM

1

1 1 t 1

(^ tn rH CM W

Od CM CO CO CO

I 1 1 1 1

to to O Cd IT W CO ^ It IT till

to to O CM It * It m m in

1 1 1 1

to ID en rH to m in m ID to

1 1 1 1 1

iD t^ 01 O CM to ID to t^ P1 1 1 1 tIf in lO CO Ol

p- c^ P- P- (^

1 1 1 I 1

en o o (71 P- ID CO t^

1 1 1 1

o r- «> in M -•

r- c* f r- r- O CO to * t*J (^ to to to (o o o> (^ in to

to lO in in m

-H 01 p- in CO

in ^ w T "i" ^ oi p- in (0

It [0 to to to ^ o to 10 ^CO to CM cii pj

CM O CD to ^

CM CM i-H r-t ^

CM O 03 to It

.-1 r-l

CO o rM It to

1 1 1

to O CO ^ to

.-1 ^ n-1 1-1

1 1 1 r

CO o CM ir CO

rH CM CO CM N

1 1 1 1 <

to (71 rH to lO

CM CM CO CO CO

1 1 1 1 1

[~- en rH to in M CO « !» IT

1 1 1 1 1

p^ Ol rH CO in ^ ^ m lO in

1 t 1 1 1

P- Ol O CM ^ in lA to <o to fill

lO CO O rH to

to to P^ P~ P1 1 1 1 1

in to p- OO <7i r- P- p- (^ p1 ( r 1 1O O O Ol

CD CD CD (^ 1111

in

•£>

o

U'l

o

f* (O w (0 ^

r- t^ r- r- foi p- in * CM <0 (O to tO to O tD lO « CM

to lO in in in o CO to ^ COin * * ^ w it to w to S

.-1 01 p- in CO

to CM « CM Cd

rH Ol (^ m CO

CM r4 rH i-l 1-1

r-i en o in to

1-1

-H ^ CO ID C^

1 1 1 1

(71 1-1 CO lO P- ^ ^ ^ ^

1 1 1 1 1

01 rH CM * to

-H CM CM M CM

1 1 I 1 I

00 O CM u- to

CM CO CO to CO

1 1 1 1 1

CO O CM w to CO * «t V It

1 I 1 1 1

CO O CM «t to

It lO in in in

I 1 1 1 1

00 Ol rH to in iD in CD to to

I 1 t 1

P- tn rH M ^

to to t-- p- p- till

to t^ 00 en o

P- P- P- P- CO

1 1 1 1 1

rH rH O O

S CD CD CD

1 I 1 1

r- <o * M o

N r- f- r- roi p- in (0 rto lo lO to to

(71 r- in « N

in lO lO in in O to to V CM \n 'V V tt V O CD CO It CM

It CO to t^ CO O CO to IT CM to CM CM CM pj O 03 to * W

CM -H rt rt 'H O CD to It CM

--1 O CM * to to

1 > 1 1

(71 -• to m P-

.-1 -d ^ 1-1

1 1 1 1 1

Ol rH (O m C^

,-. CM pj CM CM

I 1 1 1 1

tjl rH to 10 t^

CM CO to cO (0

' 1 1 1 1

en rH to in p- to It * It «

1 1 1 r 1

Ol rH to in PIt ID ID in in

1 1 t 1 I

lO O CM It to in to to tO to

1 1 1 1 1

OO O CM to ID

CO p- p- p- P- lilt

to ID tn O rH

c^ p- [^ CO CO

1 1 1 1 t

rH rH rH O

CD m CO to

1 1 1 1

r- in * N o

K [~- t^ r- ro) to <r to i-H to <o (o to to

oi P- m to •-

lO lO in in lT)

oi p- in to -H * V ^ V *

tn p- in (O '^

to to to fi to

oi p- in to ^

CM CM N CM CM

Ol CD to it CO

r-t 1-1 ^ f-1 1-1 O to to * CMr-1 O CM * to CO

1 1 1 1

O CM it to CD

1 1

1 1 1

O CM T to to

CO CM CM M CM 11111 to to S cO S

I 1 1 1 1

O CO IT to CO

it It It It IT

1 1 1 1 1

O N If ID p- m in in in iD

1 t 1 1 I

Ol rH to in r^

in to to to <o

1 1 1 1 1

(71 rH CM * to

to [^ p- p- p1 1 1 < 1

p- en o ^ CM

p^ r^ OO CD CD

1 1 1 1 1

y CO rH O

CO CD 9 CO

1 1 r 1

r- m to w o

r- r- r- (^ c^

to lO T CO o

to to to to to

CD CO V CM o

in in in in in

01 p- m to -H V » -c * *

01 r- in to r-t to to to to lO Cd <?J C^ PJ CMo> p- in lo 1-1 en p- in CO ^ ^ CO lO p^ (n

1 1 1 1 1

'H to in c^ en

^M r^ r-< '-t r-i

1 1 1 I 1

rH CO lO t^ 01 CM CM cJ CO CM

1 1 1 1 1

rH to in r- tn

to CO to CO CO

1 1 1 1 1

rH to lO to CO

It IT It It It

1 1 1 1 1

O CM It « to ID in ID ID in

( 1 1 1 1

O CM It ID CO

to to ^ to to o CO to iD r^ p- S p- t^ p1 1 1 1 1

O) O rH CJ to

fH. CD CD CD

1 1 1 1 1

to CM rH O CD ID ^ OO

1 1 1 1

Ul

o

r- lO (o ^ ot

t^ r- r^ r- <o

to to ^ <N o

to to to to to CD to V CM o

in in in in in

CD to * CM O

^ 3- «r rc ^

CD to '^ CM O

CO lo to to to

CD CO It CM O

CM CO CM CM CM

(D to It CO o

rH ^ r-1 ^4 '-1 CD to <r CM o CM It to CO o

1 1 1 1

'H to in t^ tn

1 1 > 1 1

rH to in r- en

CO CM CM <M CM

1 1 1 1 1

rH to in p- en

CO to to to to

1 1 1 1 t

rH CO in p- cn

ir It It It It

1 r 1 I 1

rH CO in f^ 01 ID lO in in in

t 1 1 1 1

rH to in t- en to to CO to to

1 1 1 1 t

rH CM It to ID

p- p- (^ r-- P1 1 1 1 1

Ol -H CO CO IP [^ CD CD tn CDto CO CM O to CD CD CO

1 1 1 1

r«. in to -1 01 K r- r- (^ lo

p- in to -H 01 to to to to in

p- to « CM o

in in in in in

CO CO »» CM o * If * <r 'I'

CO to * CM o

Pi to lO CO to

(D to It CM O

CM CM C^ CM CM

CD to ^ CM O

rH rH r-l rH 1-1 CO to It CM o N It lO to o1-1

1 1 1 1 1

CM It to CO O r^ ^ ^ ^ pj

1 1 1 1 1

CM ir to CO o

CM CO CM CM to

1 1 1 1 1

CM V 10 CO o

to CO CO to It

1 1 1 1 1

CM ir to CO o

* ^ It ^ in

1 1 1 1 1

CO It to (o o

in in in in to

1 1 1 1 1

CJ « in p- 01

tO cO to ID <0

1 1 1 1 1

rH CO in P- 01

p- p- p- s p- o CM to 5 5 ^ ^0 ^D CD CD * CO CM O

CO to Q

(* l/J (0 -H Ol S p- r- r* <op. in to ph o> CO to to to in

p- in !0 ^ 01 in lO in in ^p- lo to '^ oi * »r * * to

P- in CO rH 01 to CO to to CM

p- in to ^ 01 CM CO CM CM --4

p- in CO .-" en

rH -! iH r-t t^ in CO rt rt

1

CO It to to o

1 1 1 1 1

CM It to CO O

^ r< r^ ^ CM

1 t 1 1 1

CM It to to o

CO S CM N to

CM 1 ID CO O to CO CO to It

1 1 1 1 1

CM It to CO o V It It It in

CM 'tf ID CO O

in in in iD to

1 1 1 1 1

CO If to CD o to CD to ID P1 1 1 1 1

CM It to ID 01

p- p- p- p- p^

1 1 1 1 1

rH CO 5 in in

CD CO CD > CD

in to CM O CO A 03 OO

s

f^ in p) -H en

c- r- 1^ r- w

p- in [o '^ o> to to ^ to in

P- iD to -H Oi in in in in ^

p- in to >-t cj> * V ^ * to CO S to to CM

p- \n to ^ 01

CM CM Ol CM i-l

[«- in to .-1 01

1-1 r-t .-1 rt

p- in CO 1-1 '^

1

CO in p- en p-i

1-1

L 1 1 1 1

CO in p- en 1-1 .H r-l r-l --1 CM

1 1 1 1 1

CO in P- (71 rH

CM Cd CM CM to

1 1 1 1 I

CO [0 K CO w

1 1 1 1 1

CO in p^ eji rH

IT ^ w « in

1 1 1 1 1

to in C~- Ol rH m m in in to

1 1 1 1 1

to lo p- en rH

to to CO lO p1 1 1 1 1

CM V to ID O

P- P- P- P- OD

CM If in to in CO CO CO to CDin V N o to CO to GO

r- in o -1 0)

r- t^ r^ r- <o

p- in (o nH 0) to to to <o in

r* m to r-i oi in in in m w

p- m lo i-t t» V ^ ^ <t top- in to i-c o>

CO to to to (M

p- in to rH en

CM CM CM Ol i-l

p- in lo -< tn

i-l 1-1 1-1 rH

p- in to 1-1 1-1

1

to in p- o 1-1 CO in P- oi 1-1

1-1 .H >- -! CM

t 1 1 1 1

to in P- 01 rH

Cd CM CO CM CO

1 r 1 1 1

CO in p- Ol rH

CO CO to CO It

CO in p- tn rH

It It » It in

to m p- Ol rH

in in in m 10

(o in p- tn rH

to to to to pto in P- Ol rHp* p- S p- to

to 3: to C: p- CD ^0 ^9 CO CD

to * CM O

CD CD OO CO

o

—

r- irt ro ^ oi S c^ [^ [- (o

p- in to rt 0*

to to to to in

p- in CO i-H 01 in in in in ^ S:555:S K n R to CM

p- in CO i-i oi

CM CM Cy CM -*

c^ in CO 1-" oi —1 ^ i-t 'Ht^ in CO p-i 1-1

1

to in t^ oi ^

1 1 1 1 I

to in p- en 1-1

i-t rH 1-1 1-1 CM

1 1 1 1 1

CO in P- Ol rH

CM CM CM CM to

1 1 1 t 1

to in P- (71 rH to CO CO CO It

1 1 1 1 1

to in p- en rH V it It "ff m

1 1 1 1 1

(0 in P- Ol rH m ID m in to

1 1 1 1 1

CO m p- en rH to to to to p1 1 1 1 1

ro in t^ en rH

P- p- p- p- to

1 1 1 1 1

to in p- CD CD

OD CO CO CD

1 1 1 1 1

to ^ CM o

CD 00 to 03

1 1 T 1

in to in lo rf CB

(^ r- r- t-- lO

p- in (0 -1 oi to lO <o to in

c^ in lo -H oi in in in in w

p- in to - <7i « * fl- "» top- in ro ^ oi

to to to CO CM

p- in to rH en

CM CM CM N r4

p» m CO --^ oi

.-1 1-1 i-t -•

P- in to r^ r^ CO in p- cn ^

iH

1 1 1 1

to in p- en w -H rH ^ ,— CM

1 1 1 1 1

CO in (^ Ol rH

CM CJ CM CM CO

1 1 1 1 1

CO in [^ tri rH

to w (o to «

1 1 1 1 1

to in P- en rH

1* « «t It lO

1 1 1 1 1

to in p- en rH lO in ID m to

1 1 1 1 1

CO in c^ en rH

CD to ID to p^

CO in p^ (71 rH

p- p- p^ p- to

1 1 1 1 1

to in t^ (n CO CO CO CO CO

to If CM o

CD ID OD CD

to o liJ IJ> M --1 01

r- r- r- r^ to

P- in to rH Ol

to (0 CO to in

c^ m to .^ oi

u> in in in *

C- m (0 r-t o> « * * * to

e- in n r-i ai (0 to to to CM

p- in to ^ oi

CO CM CO CM <-! r* in to ^ oi

.-1 ,H ^ ^

p- in (0 ^ — CO in p- en 1-1 -

1 1 1 r 1

CO ID P- (71 -H

1-1 ^ 1-1 1-1 CM

1 1 1 1 1

CO in P- Ol rH

CO CM CM CM to

1 1 1 1 1

CO m p- en rH

CO CO (o to It

1 t 1 1 1

CO m p- (71 rH

•t It If ^ in

1 ( 1 1 1

to ID [^ Ol rH

in ID ID ID to

1 1 1 1 1

to in p- en rH

to to to <o pto in P- (71 rHp- t^ p- p- «>

to lO C^ 01 © O ^ OD CDto *r to o CD (D to CD

ino

r-- in w -^ 01

r- t- r- [~- ID

p- in to —1 01

to CO to <o in

p- lO to 'H o> in in in in ^

r- in ro .H o> * W «* * (0

p- in CO ^ en (o to CO (0 CM

p- in to rH £71 CM CM CM CM -'[^ m to fH o>

i-H .-« tH r^

p- in CO ^ M

1

CO in t^ en p-t

1 1 1 1 1

to in p. cn ^

fH rH .H rH CM

1 1 1 1 1

CO lO r- 01 rH

CM M CM CO to

1 1 1 1 1

CO in P" n* "-• ci cO to CO *

t 1 1 1 1

to m t^ en rH

it «t It «t ID

1 1 1 1 1

CO ID C^ Ol rH

ID in in ID to

to ID P- a> rH

to to to to pto in P- 01 rH

P- P- P- p- to

to in t-- CD to ^ 00 00 OO COto 5 CO o

to 00 OD CO

o

o

[V in « fH oi

[^ r- c- r- «

p- in lo ^ oi to <o lo <o mp- in (0 -H oi in in in in Vp- in to ^ 01

•t ^ * * to

p- in to -H tn

CO CO to CO CM

p- in to ^ 01

(M CM CM CO --I

p- ID CO 1-1 en ^ ^ ^ ^

p- in CO -H -1

1

to in p- Oi 'H

r 1 1 1 I

to m r^ en -H

rH r-l r-l rH CM

1 1 1 t 1

CO in [^ (71 rH

Cd CM CM Pd to

1 t 1 1

to IQ P- Ol -H

to w to CO It

to in r^ 01 rH

It it it It m

to in c^ 01 -H

in iD in m CO

to in p- 01 •-

CO to ID to Pto m P- C» rH

P- P- N P- OD

to in to OO p- CD CD CD ^3

to 5 iN O

O) CD ^ CD

a

3 IT'

t^ in « rH c

r- c- t- t- to

r~ in to -H O) to lO to to in

p- in to -^ en

in in in in *

p- in (0 i-< en

it »t * * to

p^ in to *-H 01 to to to to CMp- in CO -H 01

CM CM CM CM 1-1 r~ in to 1-" en

r-l rH rH .-1

p^ in CO -H ^

1

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1 1 1 1 1

CM ^ to CO

to to to to If

1 1 1 t 1

CM IT to CO V1)1(1 ^ V * to

CO if to to

to to to to to

CM If to to

to to to 10 p-

) ) ) ) )

CI ^ to CO

P- P- P- P- CD

( f ) 1 )

« a s s a> to 93 *

TABLE 2
- 21 -

SOLUTION OF F2 -LAYER TRANSMISSION PROBLEM FOR A PATH LESS THAN OR EQUAL TO i<-000 KM

From To Distance km Predicted for 19

Geomagnetic latitude for path midpoint

One-half gyrofrequency (f /2) for path midpoint

Note : All. frequencies are in Megacycles

Procedure Scale Scale Compute Compute Scale Scale Compute Compute Compute

scale -

use Fig. Compute

GMT \

f(50) ^f (R-50)

f(R) =

a + be M(50) \

m(r) =

e + cf

median

F2 -1^-000-

muf(r)

= dg

median

F2-zeroMUF(R) =

d + fH/2

median

F2-MUF

for

path

F2-F0T

for

path =

0.85J

a b c d e f g h i J k

00

1

02

Ok

06 m1 i 1

06

10

12

Ik ^^m^

l6

18

20

22

Done by

[Checked

FIGURE 7
- 22 -

SOLUTION OF F2 -LAYER TRANSMISSION PROBLKM FOR A PATH GREATER THAN il-000 KM

From To Distance km Predicted for 19

Geomagnetic latitude for control point A and control point B

Note: All frequencies are In Meg acycles

^^--^^^^ Control Point A Control Point B —

l^ocedure Scale Scale Compute Z ompute Scale Scale Compute Compute Scale Scale Compute Scale Scale Compute Compute Compute

"Ti^er

of h

and

GMT \

f(50) \

(R-50)

f(R) =

a + be M(50) \

M(R) =

e + cf

median

F2-4000-

muf(r)

= dg

f(50) ^f

f{R) =

1 + cj M(50) M

M(R) =

£ + cm

median

F2-i^000-

muf(r)

= kn

median

F2-MUF

for

path

F2-F0T

for

path =

0.85P

a b c d e f g h 1 J k i m n P q

00

02

Oi^

o6

08

10

12

Ik

16

18

20

22

Done bv

checked

FIGURE 8
- 23 -

VI. WORLD PREDICTION MAPS AND PREDICTION CHARTS
p. 24 foF2 AT RASSN 50

FEBRUARY 0000 HOURS GMT

60*

180*

EAST i WEST

120'

LONGITUDE

60' 0'

WEST i EAST

CO

60*
foF2 AT RASSN 50

FEBRUARY 0200 HOURS GMT

p. 25

60* 180'

EAST i WEST

0»

WEST i EAST

(/»

LONGITUDE
R 26

60'

foF2 AT RASSN 50

FEBRUARY 0400 HOURS GMT

EAST i WEST

t/3

120'

LONGITUDE

WEST i EAST
60*

foF2 AT RASSN 50

FEBRUARY 0600 HOURS GMT

p. 2T

120 EAST i WEST

I20"

LONGITUDE

60' 0* WEST i EAST
p. 28 foF2 AT RASSN 50

FEBRUARY 0800 HOURS GMT

60* 180'

EAST i WEST

120*

LONGITUDE

60*

CO

0*

WEST i EAST

60"
foF2 AT RASSN 50

FEBRUARY 1000 HOURS GMT

p. 29

60'

o

to

120 180'

EAST i WEST

120*

LONGITUDE

60

• 0'

WEST i EAST

60'
p. 30 foF2 AT RASSN 50

FEBRUARY 1200 HOURS GMT

60' 180'

EAST i WEST

120'

LONGITUDE

WEST i EAST
f.F2 AT RASSN 50

FEBRUARY 1400 HOURS GMT

p. 31

CO

120' 180'

EAST i WEST

120'

LONGITUDE

60 0'

WEST i EAST

60'
p. 32 f,F2 AT RASSN 50

FEBRUARY 1600 HOURS GMT

*jr>

60* 120' I80'

EAST i WEST

120'

LONGITUDE

0*

WEST i EAST

60'
foF2 AT RASSN 50

FEBRUARY 1800 HOURS GMT

p. 33

120" 180'

EAST i WEST

120*

LONGITUDE

60* 0'

WEST i EAST
p. 34 foF2 AT RASSN 50

FEBRUARY 2000 HOURS GMT

60

CO

180"

EAST i WEST

60'

LONGITUDE

0'

WEST i EAST

60'
foF2 AT RASSN 50

FEBRUARY 2200 HOURS GMT

p. 35

120* 180'

EAST i WEST

120'

LONGITUDE

60'

WEST i EAST

</>

60'
p. 36 SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF foF2 ON RASSN

FEBRUARY 0000 HOURS GMT

CO

60' 180'

EAST i WEST

120'

LONGITUDE

60

• 0*

WEST i EAST

60'
SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF foF2 ON RASSN

FEBRUARY 0200 HOURS GMT

p. 37

60' 120' 180'

EAST i WEST

120'

LONGITUDE

60

WEST i EAST

C3

CO

60'
p. 38 SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF foF2 ON RASSN

FEBRUARY 0400 HOURS GMT

180*

EAST i WEST

120*

LONGITUDE

0*

WEST i EAST
SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF foF2 ON RASSN

FEBRUARY 0600 HOURS GMT

p. 39

60' 120' 180'

EAST i WEST

120'

LONGITUDE

WEST i EAST
p. 40

60*

SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF foF2 ON RASSN

FEBRUARY 0800 HOURS GMT

I80'

EAST i WEST

120*

LONGITUDE

60

• 0'

WEST i EAST

60*
SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF foF2 ON RASSN

FEBRUARY 1000 HOURS GMT

p. 41

60* 120* I80* EAST i WEST

120*

LONGITUDE

WEST i EAST
p. 42 SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF foF2 ON RASSN

FEBRUARY 1200 HOURS GMT

180"

EAST i WEST

120

LONGITUDE

0*

WEST i EAST
SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF foF2 ON RASSN

FEBRUARY 1400 HOURS GMT

p. 43

CO

60' 120' 180'

EAST i WEST

120*

LONGITUDE

60* 0*

WEST i EAST

60'
p. 44 SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF foF2 ON RASSN

FEBRUARY 1600 HOURS GMT

60' 120' 180'

EAST i WEST

a:

o

CO

120*

LONGITUDE

60

• 0'

WEST i EAST

60'
SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF feF2 ON RASSN

FEBRUARY 1800 HOURS GMT

p. 45

CO

120 180"

EAST i WEST

120*

LONGITUDE

60' 0'

WEST i EAST

60'
p. 46 SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF foF2 ON RASSN

FEBRUARY 2000 HOURS GMT

eo'

cjO

120" !80' 120*

EAST i WEST

LONGITUDE

60' 0'

WEST i EAST

60'
SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF foF2 ON RASSN

FEBRUARY 2200 HOURS GMT

p. 47

c/>

120 180'

EAST i WEST

120*

LONGITUDE

60 0'

WEST i EAST

60"
p. 48 H -4000 FACTOR AT RASSN 50

FEBRUARY 0000 HOURS GMT

CO

60' 120* I80*

EAST i WEST

120'

LONGITUDE

60* 0'

WEST i EAST

60"
M-4000 FACTOR AT RASSN 50

FEBRUARY 0200 HOURS GMT

p. 49

*/»

60' 180*

EAST i WEST

120*

LONGITUDE

0'

WEST i EAST

60*
p. 50 M-4000 FACTOR AT RASSN 50

FEBRUARY 0400 HOURS GMT

60* 120* I80'

EAST i WEST

120'

LONGITUDE

60*

</>

0*

WEST i EAST

60"
M-4000 FACTOR AT RASSN 50

FEBRUARY 0600 HOURS GMT

p. 51

60

CO

180'

EAST i WEST

0*

WEST i EAST

LONGITUDE
p. 52 M - 4000 FACTOR AT RASSN 50

FEBRUARY 0800 HOURS GMT

CO

eo»

180'

EAST i WEST

120*

LONGITUDE

WEST I EAST
M-4000 FACTOR AT RASSN 50

FEBRUARY 1000 HOURS GMT

p. 53

CO

60*

EAST i WEST

60* 0'

WEST i EAST

60'

LONGITUDE
p. 54 M-4000 FACTOR AT RASSN 50

FEBRUARY 1200 HOURS GMT

t/>

I80'

EAST i WEST

120*

LONGITUDE

WEST i EAST
M-4000 FACTOR AT RASSN 50

FEBRUARY 1400 HOURS GMT

p. 55

t/5

120 180'

EAST i WEST

120*

LONGITUDE

60* 0*

WEST i EAST

60*
p. 56 M-4000 FACTOR AT RASSN 50

FEBRUARY 1600 HOURS GMT

180*

EAST i WEST

120'

LONGITUDE

GO* 0*

WEST i EAST

60*
M-4000 FACTOR AT RASSN 50

FEBRUARY 1800 HOURS GMT

p. 57

60

to

180*

EAST i WEST

120'

LONGITUDE

0*

WEST i EAST

60'
p. 58 M-4000 FACTOR AT RASSN 50

FEBRUARY 2000 HOURS GMT

-.90'

60'

180*

EAST i WEST

120*

LONGITUDE

0*

WEST i EAST

CO
M-4000 FACTOR AT RASSN 50

FEBRUARY 2200 HOURS GMT

p. 59

60

ae.

180*

EAST i WEST

120*

LONGITUDE

0*

WEST i EAST
p. 60 SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF M-4000 FACTOR ON RASSN

FEBRUARY

C-9

C3

LOCAL TIME
foF2 AT RASSN 50

APRIL 0000 HOURS GMT

P. 6!

120' 180'

EAST i WEST

120'

LONGITUDE

60*

WEST i EAST
p. 62 foF2 AT RASSN 50

APRIL 0200 HOURS GMT

60*

180'

EAST i WEST

120'

LONGITUDE

60

• 0*

WEST i EAST

CO

60'
foF2 AT RASSN 50

APRIL 0400 HOURS GMT

p. 63

60

CO

180"

EAST i WEST

120*

LONGITUDE

0'

WEST i EAST
p. 64 foF2 AT RASSN 50

APRIL 0600 HOURS GMT

-i90'

CO

60' 180'

EAST i WEST

120*

LONGITUDE

0*

WEST i EAST
foF2 AT RASSN 50

APRIL 0800 HOURS GMT

p. 65

CO

60* 180"

EAST i WEST

0'

WEST i EAST

LONGITUDE
p. 66 foF2 AT RASSN 50

APRIL 1000 HOURS GMT

CO

60'

I80'

EAST i WEST

LONGITUDE

0*

WEST i EAST
foF2 AT RASSN 50

APRIL 1200 HOURS GMT

P. 67

ca

CO

180*

EAST i WEST

120*

LONCITUOE

0'

WEST i EAST
p. 68 foF2 AT RASSN 50

APRIL 1400 HOURS GMT

60*

180*

EAST i WEST

120'

LONGITUDE

CO

0*

WEST i EAST

60*
foF2 AT RASSN 50

APRIL 1600 HOURS GMT

P. 69

60' 180"

EAST i WEST

120*

LONGITUDE

C/5

0'

WEST i EAST
p. 70 foF2 AT RASSN 50

APRIL 1800 HOURS GMT

60'

180'

EAST i WEST

120'

LONGITUDE

60' 0*

WEST i EAST

60*
foF2 AT RASSN 50

APRIL 2000 HOURS GMT

p. 71

0£

CO

60* 120' 180'

EAST i WEST

120'

LONGITUDE

60' 0'

WEST i EAST

60'
p. 72 foF2 AT RASSN 50

APRIL 2200 HOURS GMT

60*

EAST i WEST

120*

LONGITUDE

60' 0*

WEST i EAST

60'
SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF foF2 ON RASSN

APRIL 0000 HOURS GMT

P. 73

60* 120" 180'

EAST I WEST

0* WEST I EAST

CA

LONGITUDE
p. 74 SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF foF2 ON RASSN

APRIL 0200 HOURS GMT

60* 120" 180'

EAST I WEST

120*

LONGITUDE

60* 0'

WEST i EAST

60'
SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF foF2 ON RASSN

APRIL 0400 HOURS GMT

P. 75

60' 120* 180'

EAST i WEST

120*

LONGITUDE

60* 0*

WEST i EAST

o

CO

60'
p. 76 SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF foF2 ON RASSN

APRIL 0600 HOURS GMT

*/»

60" 120* 180*

EAST i WEST

120'

LONGITUDE

60* 0*

WEST i EAST
SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF foF2 ON RASSN

APRIL 0800 HOURS GMT

p. 77

60* I80'

EAST i WEST

120'

LONGITUDE

c/5

0'

WEST i EAST

60'
p. 78 SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF foF2 ON RASSN

APRIL 1000 HOURS GMT

CO

I20' ISO*

EAST i WEST

120*

LONGITUDE

60* 0*

WEST i EAST
SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF foF2 ON RASSN

APRIL 1200 HOURS GMT

p. 79

CO

180"

EAST i WEST WEST i EAST

LONGITUDE
p. 80 SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF foF2 ON RASSN

APRIL 1400 HOURS GMT

CO

180*

EAST i WEST

120*

LONGITUDE

WEST i EAST
SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF foF2 ON RASSN

APRIL 1600 HOURS GMT

p. 81

CO

180'

EAST i WEST WEST i EAST

LONGITUDE
p. 82 SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF foF2 ON RASSN

APRIL 1800 HOURS GMT

180'

EAST i WEST

120*

LONGITUDE

to

0*

WEST i EAST
SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF foF2 ON RASSN

APRIL 2000 HOURS GMT

p. 83

c/3

60' 120* 180*

EAST i WEST

120'

LONGITUDE

0'

WEST i EAST
p. 84 SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF foF2 ON RASSN

APRIL 2200 HOURS GMT

t/>

60' 120* 180'

EAST i WEST

120*

LONGITUDE

60* 0*

WEST i EAST

60'
-4000 FACTOR AT RASSN 50

APRIL 0000 HOURS GMT

p. 85

CO

60* 180*

EAST i WEST

120*

LONGITUDE

0*

WEST i EAST
p. 86 M-4000 FACTOR AT RASSN 50

APRIL 0200 HOURS GMT

180'

EAST i WEST

CO

120'

LONGITUDE

0'

WEST i EAST
-4000 FACTOR AT RASSN 50

APRIL 0400 HOURS GMT

p. 87

bO

60' 120 180'

EAST i WEST

120'

LONGITUDE

60" 0'

WEST i EAST

60'
M-4000 FACTOR AT RASSN 50

APRIL 0600 HOURS GMT

CO

60'

EAST i WEST

120*

LONGITUDE

60* 0*

WEST i EAST

60*
M-4000 FACTOR AT RASSN 50

APRIL 0800 HOURS GMT

P. 89

CO

60' 120* 180'

EAST i WEST

0'

WEST i EAST

LONGITUDE
p. 90 -4000 FACTOR AT RASSN 50

APRIL 1000 HOURS GMT

60'

180'

EAST i WEST

120'

LONGITUDE

60* 0"

WEST i EAST

60*
M-4000 FACTOR AT RASSN 50

APRIL 1200 HOURS GMT

p. 9

O

CO

60' 120 I80'

EAST i WEST

120*

LONGITUDE

WEST i EAST
p. 92

60*

M-4000 FACTOR AT RASSN 50

APRIL 1400 HOURS GMT

CO

180'

EAST i WEST

120'

LONGITUDE

60

• 0*

WEST i EAST

60*
M-4000 FACTOR AT RASSN 50

APRIL 1600 HOURS GMT

p. 93

60' 120' 180'

EAST i WEST

120'

LONGITUDE

0'

WEST i EAST
p. 94 M-4000 FACTOR AT RASSN 50

APRIL 1800 HOURS GMT

CO

60'

EAST i WEST

120'

LONGITUDE

60* 0«

WEST i EAST

60'
60'

-4000 FACTOR AT RASSN 50

APRIL 2000 HOURS GMT

P. 95

CO

120' 180'

EAST i WEST

120'

LONGITUDE

0*

WEST i EAST

60'

fi
p. 96

M-4000 FACTOR AT RASSN 50

APRIL 2200 HOURS GMT

CO

120' 180*

EAST i WEST

120'

LONGITUDE

60' 0*

WEST i EAST

60*
SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF M-4000 FACTOR ON RASSN

APRIL

p. 9/

LOCAL TIME
p. 98 foF2 AT RASSN 50

MAY 0000 HOURS GMT

60'

180°

EAST i WEST

120*

LONGITUDE

0*

WEST i EAST
foF2 AT RASSN 50

MAY 0200 HOURS GMT

p. 99

60'

CO

120 180'

EAST i WEST

120*

LONGITUDE

0'

WEST i EAST

60*
p. 100 foF2 AT RASSN 50

MAY 0400 HOURS GMT

WEST i EAST
foF2 AT RASSN 50

MAY 0600 HOURS GMT

P. 101

CO

60' 120 180'

EAST i WEST

120'

LONGITUDE

0'

WEST i EAST
p. 102 foF2 AT RASSN 50

MAY 0800 HOURS GMT

as

60'

EAST i WEST

120*

LONGITUDE

60

• 0*

WEST i EAST

60'
foF2 AT RASSN 50

MAY 1000 HOURS GMT

p. 103

to

180'

EAST i WEST

0*

WEST i EAST

LONGITUDE
p. 104 foF2 AT RASSN 50

MAY 1200 HOURS GMT

60*

I80'

EAST i WEST

60

•

LONGITUDE

0'

WEST i EAST

60'
foF2 AT RASSN 50

MAY 1400 HOURS GMT

p. 105

60'

CO

120 ISO*

EAST i WEST

120*

LONGITUDE

0'

WEST i EAST
p. 106 foF2 AT RASSN 50

MAY 1600 HOURS GMT

CO

60'

180*

EAST i WEST

120*

LONGITUDE

WEST i EAST
foF2 AT RASSN 50

MAY 1800 HOURS GMT

p. 107

60' 120 180*

EAST i WEST

0*

WEST i EAST

CO

LONGITUDE
p. 106 foF2 AT RASSN 50

MAY 2000 HOURS GMT

60' 120*

o

CO

180'

EAST i WEST

120'

LONGITUDE

eo' 0*

WEST i EAST

60'
foF2 AT RASSN 50

MAY 2200 HOURS GMT

P. 109

60* 120' 180'

EAST i WEST

120

LONGITUDE

0*

WEST i EAST

CO
p. no SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF foF2 ON RASSN

MAY 0000 HOURS GMT

60»

180'

EAST i WEST

CO

120*

LONGITUDE

0'

WEST i EAST

60'
SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF foF2 ON RASSN

MAY 0200 HOURS GMT

p. II

60' 120' 180'

EAST i WEST

0'

WEST i EAST

CO

60'

LONGITUDE
p. 112

60'

SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF foF2 ON RASSN

MAY 0400 HOURS GMT

I80'

EAST i WEST

120*

LONGITUDE

CO

WEST i EAST
60*

SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF foF2 ON RASSN

MAY 0600 HOURS GMT

p. 113

120 I80'

EAST i WEST

120'

LONGITUDE

o

CO

0*

WEST i EAST

60*
p. 114 SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF foF2 ON RASSN

MAY 0800 HOURS GMT

90'

to

180*

EAST i WEST

120*

LONGITUDE

WEST i EAST
SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF foF2 ON RASSN

MAY 1000 HOURS GMT

p. lis

1/5

WEST i EAST
p. 116 SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF foF2 ON RASSN

MAY 1200 HOURS GMT

a:

CO

60*

120 180'

EAST i WEST

120'

LONGITUDE

60'

WEST i EAST

60'
SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF foF2 ON RASSN

MAY 1400 HOURS GMT

p. 117

0£

CO

60' 120' 180'

EAST i WEST

120*

LONGITUDE

0'

WEST i EAST
p. 116 SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF foF2 ON RASSN

MAY 1600 HOURS GMT

60* 120 180*

EAST i WEST

120'

LONGITUDE

CO

WEST i EAST
SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF foF2 ON RASSN

MAY 1800 HOURS GMT

p. 119

60* 120' 180'

EAST i WEST

120*

LONGITUDE

CO

WEST i EAST
p. 120 SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF foF2 ON RASSN

MAY 2000 HOURS GMT

180'

EAST i WEST

QC

120'

LONGITUDE

0'

WEST i EAST
60'

SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF foF2 ON RASSN

MAY 2200 HOURS GMT

p. 121

CO

120' 180'

EAST I WEST

0*

WEST I EAST

LONGITUDE
p. 122 M-4000 FACTOR AT RASSN 50

MAY 0000 HOURS GMT

eo*

180'

EAST i WEST

120'

LONGITUDE

60

• 0*

WEST i EAST

60'
4000 FACTOR AT RASSN 50

MAY 0200 HOURS GMT

R 123

60' 120'

(A

180'

EAST i WEST

0'

WEST i EAST

LONGITUDE
p. 124 M-4000 FACTOR AT RASSN 50

MAY 0400 HOURS GMT

60*

I80'

EAST i WEST

120*

LONGITUDE

60* 0*

WEST i EAST

60'
M-4000 FACTOR AT RASSN 50

MAY 0600 HOURS GMT

P. 125

a£

C3

to

ISO*

EAST i WEST

0'

WEST i EAST

LONGITUDE
p. 126 M-4000 FACTOR AT RASSN 50

MAY 0800 HOURS GMT

CO

80' 120* ISO*

EAST i WEST

120*

LONGITUDE

60* 0*

WEST i EAST
M-4000 FACTOR AT RASSN 50

MAY 1000 HOURS GMT

P. 127

CO

60' 120' 180'

EAST i WEST

120'

LONGITUDE

WEST i EAST
p. 128 M-4000 FACTOR AT RASSN 50

MAY 1200 HOURS GMT

CO

60*

180*

EAST i WEST

120*

LONGITUDE

60

• 0'

WEST i EAST

60*
M-4000 FACTOR AT RASSN 50

MAY 1400 HOURS GMT

p. 129

CO

60' 120 180'

EAST i WEST

120*

LONGITUDE

0*

WEST i EAST

60*
p. 130

M-4000 FACTOR AT RASSN 50

MAY 1600 HOURS GMT

-i90*

I

to
M-4000 FACTOR AT RASSN 50

MAY 1800 HOURS GMT

p. 131

a£

to

180'

EAST i WEST

120*

LONGITUDE

0*

WEST i EAST
p. 132 M-4000 FACTOR AT RASSN 50

MAY 2000 HOURS GMT

90"

60*

3.2—.

180*

EAST i WEST

120'

LONGITUDE

60' 0"

WEST i EAST

60"
M-4000 FACTOR AT RASSN 50

MAY 2200 HOURS GMT

p. 133

60

to

120 IflO*

EAST i WEST

120'

LONGITUDE

WEST i EAST
p. 134 SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF M-4000 FACTOR ON RASSN

MAY

^
foF2 AT RASSN 50

AUGUST 0000 HOURS GMT

P 155

60* 120* 180*

EAST i WEST

120'

LONGITUDE

60

t/5

0'

WEST i EAST

60*
p. 136 foF2 AT RASSN 50

AUGUST 0200 HOURS GMT

to

120 I80'

EAST i WEST

120'

LONGITUDE

60 0*

WEST i EAST

60'
foF2 AT RASSN 50

AUGUST 0400 HOURS GMT

p. 137

60' 120' 180'

EAST i WEST

120

LONGITUDE

0"

WEST i EAST

CO
p. 138 foF2 AT RASSN 50

AUGUST 0600 HOURS GMT

to

60'

180'

EAST i WEST

60

LONGITUDE

0"

WEST i EAST

60'
foF2 AT RASSN 50

AUGUST 0800 HOURS GMT

P 139

LO

60* 120 180"

EAST i WEST

120

LONGITUDE

WEST i EAST
p. 140 foF2 AT RASSN 50

AUGUST 1000 HOURS GMT

60'

180*

EAST i WEST

120

LONGITUDE

60 0"

WEST i EAST

60"
foF2 AT RASSN 50

AUGUST 1200 HOURS GMT

P. 14

CO

60* 120' I80'

EAST i WEST

120"

LONGITUDE

WEST i EAST
p. 142 foF2 AT RASSN 50

AUGUST 1400 HOURS GMT

60'

180'

EAST i WEST

60

LONGITUDE

0'

WEST i EAST

CO

60'
foF2 AT RASSN 50

AUGUST 1600 HOURS GMT

p. 143

</>

60' 120* 180*

EAST i WEST

120*

LONGITUDE

60' 0*

WEST i EAST

60'
p. 144 foF2 AT RASSN 50

AUGUST 1800 HOURS GMT

60'

to

160

EAST i WEST

LONGITUDE

WEST i EAST
foF2 AT RASSN 50

AUGUST 2000 HOURS GMT

p. 145

60* 120' 180'

EAST i WEST

120"

LONGITUDE

60 0'

WEST i EAST

60"
p. 146 foF2 AT RASSN 50

AUGUST 2200 HOURS GMT

CO

60'

180'

EAST i WEST

120'

LONGITUDE

0'

WEST i EAST

60'
SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF foF2 ON RASSN

AUGUST 0000 HOURS GMT

p. 147

CO

60* 120* 180

EAST i WEST

120"

LONGITUDE

WEST i EAST
p. 148 SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF foF2 ON RASSN

AUGUST 0200 HOURS GMT

60*

180"

EAST i WEST

120

LONGITUDE

0"

WEST i EAST

60"
60' 120*

SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF foF2 ON RASSN

AUGUST 0400 HOURS GMT

p. 149

^u^

180*

EAST i WEST

120*

LONGITUDE

60* 0'

WEST i EAST
p. 150 SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF foF2 ON RASSN

AUGUST 0600 HOURS GMT

60*

180"

EAST i WEST

60

LONGITUDE

0''

WEST i EAST

60'
SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF foF2 ON RASSN

AUGUST 0800 HOURS GMT

p. 151

I

60* 120' I80'

EAST i WEST

120°

LONGITUDE

60 0'

WEST i EAST

60'
p. 152 SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF foF2 ON RASSN

AUGUST 1000 HOURS GMT

CO

60' 180*

EAST i WEST

120'

LONGITUDE

WEST i EAST
SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF foF2 ON RASSN

AUGUST 1200 HOURS GMT

p. 153

to

60* 120* 180"

EAST i WEST

120'

LONGITUDE

WEST i EAST
p. 154 SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF foF2 ON RASSN

AUGUST 1400 HOURS GMT

W

EAST i WEST

120*

LONGITUDE

60'

WEST i EAST

60*
SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF foF2 ON RASSN

AUGUST 1600 HOURS GMT

60' 120*

EAST i WEST

120'

LONGITUDE

60

P. 155

to

0'

WEST i EAST

60'
p. 156 SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF foF2 ON RASSH

AUGUST 1800 HOURS GMT

60'

180*

EAST i WEST

120'

LONGITUDE

60'

CO

0*

WEST i EAST

60*
SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF foF2 ON RASSN

AUGUST 2000 HOURS GMT

p. 157

CO

60* 120* 180

EAST i WEST

120"

LONGITUDE

WEST i EAST
p. 158

SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF foF2 ON RASSN

AUGUST 2200 HOURS GMT

60'

180*

EAST i WEST

120'

LONGITUDE

CO

60 0*

WEST i EAST

60'
M-4000 FACTOR AT RASSN 50

AUGUST 0000 HOURS GMT

p. 159

120 180'

EAST i WEST WEST i EASr

LONGITUDE
p. 160 M-4000 FACTOR AT RASSN 50

AUGUST 0200 HOURS GMT

60' 120

EAST i WEST

120"

LONGITUDE

60

to

0*

WEST i EAST

60'
M-4000 FACTOR AT RASSN 50

AUGUST 0400 HOURS GMT

p. 16

120 180'

EAST i WEST

120"

LONGITUDE

60 0^

WEST i EAST

60'
p. 162 H-4000 FACTOR AT RASSN 50

AUGUST 0600 HOURS GMT

60'

180'

EAST i WEST

120'

LONGITUDE

60 0'

WEST i EAST

60'
M-4000 FACTOR AT RASSN 50

AUGUST 0800 HOURS GMT

p. 163

120*

EAST i WEST

120*

LONGITUDE

60"

WEST i EAST
p. 164 M-4000 FACTOR AT RASSN 50

AUGUST 1000 HOURS GMT

60' 120* ISO*

EAST i WEST

120'

LONGITUDE

60' 0"

WEST i EAST

-J 90'

60"
M-4000 FACTOR AT RASSN 50

AUGUST 1200 HOURS GMT

p. 165

60* 120* 180'

EAST i WEST

120*

LONGITUDE

60 0'

WEST i EAST
p. 166 M-4000 FACTOR AT RASSN 50

AUGUST 1400 HOURS GMT

fiO* ISO*

EAST i WEST

120'

LONGITUDE

60 0'

WEST i EAST

60'
M-4000 FACTOR AT RASSN 50

AUGUST 1600 HOURS GMT

p. 167

60*

o

CO

120 I80*

EAST i WEST

120'

LONGITUDE

WEST i EAST
p. I M-4000 FACTOR AT RASSN 50

AUGUST 1800 HOURS GMT

CO

I80'

EAST i WEST

120*

LONGITUDE

0"

WEST i EAST
M"4000 FACTOR AT RASSN 50

AUGUST 2000 HOURS GMT

P 169

90'

C3

CO

60* 120' 180*

EAST i WEST

120*

LONGITUDE

60 0*

WEST i EAST

60'
P I/O M-4000 FACTOR AT RASSN 50

AUGUST 2200 HOURS GMT

60'

lao*

EAST i lEST

120'

LONCITUDE

60* 0'

WEST i EAST

60*
SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF M-4000 FACTOR ON RASSN

AUGUST

p. 171

LOCAL TIME
p. 172 foF2 AT RASSN 50

OCTOBER 0000 HOURS GMT

60'

180'

EAST i WEST

120*

LONGITUDE

WEST i EAST
foF2 AT RASSN 50

OCTOBER 0200 HOURS GMT

p. 173

—190*

CO

120 180"

EAST i WEST

120°

LONGITUDE

60 0"

WEST i EAST
p. 174 foF2 AT RASSN 50

OCTOBER 0400 HOURS GMT

60*

EAST i WEST

120*

LONGITUDE

60

• 0"

WEST i BAST

60'
foF2 AT RASSN 50

OCTOBER 0600 HOURS GMT

p. IT5

o

CO

60* 120 180'

EAST i WEST WEST i EAST

LONGITUDE
R 176

foF2 AT RASSN 50

OCTOBER 0800 HOURS GMT

60' 180'

EAST i WEST WEST i EAST

LONGITUDE
foF2 AT RASSN 50

OCTOBER 1000 HOURS GHT

p. 177

CO

60* 120 180*

EAST i WEST

120*

LONGITUDE

60 0*

WEST i EAST

60'
p. 178

foF2 AT RASSN 50

OCTOBER 1200 HOURS GMT

60*

CO

EAST i WEST

120*

LONGITUDE

60' 0'

WEST i EAST

60'
foF2 AT RASSN 50

OCTOBER 1400 HOURS GMT

p ir9

W IM* 180*

EAST i WEST

120*

LONGITUDE

lEST i EAST
p. 180

foF2 AT RASSN 50

OCTOBER 1600 HOURS GMT

CO

60*

I80'

EAST i WEST

120'

LONGITUDE

60- 0'

WEST i EAST

60'
foF2 AT RASSN 50

OCTOBER 1800 HOURS GMT

p. 181

a=

120*

to

180' 120"

EAST i WEST

LONGITUDE

60 0'

WEST i EAST

60"
p. 182 foF2 AT RASSN 50

OCTOBER 2000 HOURS GMT

60' 180'

EAST i WEST

CO

LONGITUDE

WEST i EAST

60'
foF2 AT RASSN 50

OCTOBER 2200 HOURS GMT

p. 183

60' 120' I80'

EAST i WEST

120'

LONGITUDE

60 0'

WEST i EAST
p. 184

SLOPF OF REGRESSION LINE OF foF2 ON RASSN

OCTOBER 0000 HOURS GMT

60* 120 180'

EAST i WEST

120

LONGITUDE

60 0'

WEST i EAST

CO

60"
SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF foF2 ON RASSN

OCTOBER 0200 HOURS GMT

p. 185

60' 120' 180' 120*

EAST i WEST

LONGITUDE

60 0'

WEST i EAST

to
R 186 SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF foF2 ON RASSN

OCTOBER 0400 HOURS GMT

180'

EAST i WEST

120'

LONGITUDE

0"

WEST i EAST
SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF foF2 ON RASSN

OCTOBER 0600 HOURS GMT

fiO* 120 I80'

EAST i WEST

120*

LONGITUDE

60

P. 187

o

CO

0*

WEST i EAST
SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF foF2 ON RASSN

OCTOBER 0800 HOURS GMT

-190"

60* 120* 180'

EAST i WEST

120'

LONGITUDE

60' 0*

WEST i EAST

CO

60'
SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF foF2 ON RASSN

OCTOBER 1000 HOURS 6MT

120 180'

EAST i WEST

120'

LONGITUDE

60 0'

WEST i EAST

P. 189

uy

60'
p. 190 SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF foF2 ON RASSN

OCTOBER 1200 HOURS GMT

eo* 180'

EAST i WEST

120'

LONGITUDE

0*

WEST i EAST

90'

CO

60'
SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF foF2 ON RASSN

OCTOBER 1400 HOURS GMT

p. 191

CO

120 180'

EAST i WEST

120'

LONGITUDE

60 0"

WEST i EAST

60'
p. 192 SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF foF2 ON RASSN

OCTOBER 1600 HOURS GMT

60*

CO

180'

EAST i WEST

120*

LONGITUDE

0'

WEST i EAST
120

SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF foF2 ON RASSN

OCTOBER 1800 HOURS GMT

180'

EAST i WEST

120"

LONGITUDE

60 0'

WEST i EAST

P. 193

—190'

CO

60'
p. 194 SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF foF2 ON RASSN

OCTOBER 2000 HOURS GMT

60*

180'

EAST i WEST

WEST i EAST
SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF foF2 ON RASSN

OCTOBER 2200 HOURS GMT

p. 195

60 120

to

180* 120'

BAST i WEST

LONGITUDE

60 60"

WEST i EAST
f. I9S M-4000 FACTOR AT RASSN 50

OCTOBER 0000 HOURS GMT

CO

fiO* 180'

EAST i WEST

120'

LONGITUDE

60* 0*

WEST i EAST

60'
M-4000 FACTOR AT RASSN 50

OCTOBER 0200 HOURS GMT

p. 197

60* 120' 180*

EAST i WEST

120'

LONGITUDE

60'

bO

0*

WEST i EAST
p. 198 M-4000 FACTOR AT RASSN 50

OCTOBER 0400 HOURS GMT

eo* 180*

EAST i WEST

120*

LONGITUDE

60

•

*o

0'

WEST i EAST

60"
M-4000 FACTOR AT RASSN 50

OCTOBER 0600 HOURS GMT

p. 199

CO

60* 120' lao'

EAST i WEST

120*

LONGITUDE

60* 0*

WEST i EAST
p. 200

M-4000 FACTOR AT RASSN 50

OCTOBER 0800 HOURS GMT

n90'

CO

60* 120* 180'

EAST i WEST

120'

LONGITUDE

60' 0*

WEST i EAST

60'
M-4000 FACTOR AT RASSN 50

OCTOBER 1000 HOURS GMT

p. 201

CO

60* I20'

EAST i WEST

120*

LONGITUDE

60* 0*

WEST i EAST
p. 202 M-4000 FACTOR AT RASSN 50

OCTOBER 1200 HOURS GMT

60* 120* 180*

EAST i WEST

120*

LONGITUDE

60* 0'

WEST i EAST

60*
M-4000 FACTOR AT RASSN 50

OCTOBER 1400 HOURS GMT

p. 203

CO

60* 120*

EAST i WEST

120*

LONGITUDE

60* 0'

WEST i EAST
p. 204 M-4000 FACTOR AT RASSN 50

OCTOBER 1600 HOURS GMT

eo*

CO

180'

EAST i WEST

120'

LONGITUDE

60". 0*

WEST i EAST
M-4000 FACTOR AT RASSN 50

OCTOBER 1800 HOURS GMT

p. 205

c/>

120' 180'

EAST i WEST

120*

LONGITUDE

60' 0'

WEST i EAST

60*
p. 2oe

M-4000 FACTOR AT RASSN 50

OCTOBER 2000 HOURS GMT

60' 120* 180*

EAST i WEST

0*

WEST i EAST

LONGITUDE
M-4000 FACTOR AT RASSN 50

OCTOBER 2200 HOURS GMT

p. 20T

to

120 180'

EAST i WEST

120'

LONGITUDE

60 0'

WEST i EAST

60*
p. 208

00

SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF M-4000 FACTOR ON RASSN

OCTOBER

90'

^

cs

12 14 16

LOCAL TIME

18 20 22 00
foF2 AT RASSN 50

NOVEMBER 0000 HOURS GMT

p. 209

ac

C3

CO

EAST i WEST WEST i EAST

LONGITUDE
p. 210 FoF2 AT RASSN 50

NOVEMBER 0200 HOURS GMT

60' 120 ISO*

EAST i WEST

CO

120'

LONGITUDE

60 0'

WEST i EAST

60'
foF2 AT RASSN 50

NOVEMBER 0400 HOURS GMT

p. 211

CO

120' 180'

EAST i WEST

120'

LONGITUDE

60' 0'

WEST i EAST

60"
p. 212 foF2 AT RASSN 50

NOVEMBER 0600 HOURS GMT

60* 120 180'

EAST i WEST

o

CO

120

LONGITUDE

60 0*

WEST i EAST

eo*
foF2 AT RASSN 50

NOVEMBER 0800 HOURS GMT

p. 213

120' 180'

EAST i WEST

120'

LONGITUDE

60'

o

CO

0*

WEST i EAST

60"
p. 214 foF2 AT RASSN 50

NOVEMBER 1000 HOURS GMT

CO

60' 120 180'

EAST i WEST

120*

LONGITUDE

60 0'

WEST i EAST

60'
foF2 AT RASSN 50

NOVEHBER 1200 HOURS GMT

p. 215

CO

60" 120* ISO*

EAST i WEST

120'

LONGITUDE

60 0"

WEST i EAST

60'
p. 216

foF2 AT RASSN 50

NOVEMBER 1400 HOURS GMT

60* 120* 180'

EAST i WEST

120*

LONGITUDE

CO

60

• 0'

WEST i EAST

60*
foF2 AT RASSN 50

NOVEMBER 1600 HOURS GHT

p. 217

o

to

60* 120 180*

EAST i WEST

120

LONGITUDE

WEST i EAST
p. 218 foF2 AT RASSN 50

NOVEMBER 1800 HOURS GMT

60'

CO

180'

EAST i WEST

120*

LONGITUDE

0*

WEST i EAST

60'
foF2 AT RASSN 50

NOVEMBER 2000 HOURS GMT

p. 219

60 120 180'

EAST i WEST

120

LONGITUDE

60* 0'

WEST i EAST

60'
p. 220

foF2 AT RASSN 50

NOVEMBER 2200 HOURS GMT

CO

60" 120' 180" 120'

EAST i WEST

LONGITUDE

60 0"

WEST i EAST

60"
SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF foF2 ON RASSN

NOVEMBER 0000 HOURS GMT

R 22:

60' 120 180'

EAST i WEST WEST i EAST

LONGITUDE
p. 222 SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF foF2 ON RASSN

NOVEMBER 0200 HOURS GMT

60' 180"

EAST i WEST

120'

LONGITUDE

60

CO

0'

WEST i EAST

60"
SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF foF2 ON RASSN

NOVEMBER 0400 HOURS GMT

p. 223

cy>

120' 180'

EAST i WEST

120"

LONGITUDE

60 0*

WEST i EAST

60'
p. 224

60'

SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF foF2 ON RASSN

NOVEMBER 0600 HOURS GMT

180

EAST i WEST

0"

WEST I EAST

LONGITUDE
SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF foF2 ON RASSN

NOVEMBER 0800 HOURS GMT

p. 225

180'

EAST i WEST

120'

LONGITUDE

WEST i EAST

CO
p. 226 SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF foF2 ON RASSN

NOVEMBER 1000 HOURS GMT

CO

60'

180'

EAST i WEST

120

LONGITUDE

0'

WEST i EAST

60'
SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF foF2 ON RASSN

NOVEMBER 1200 HOURS GMT

p. 227

120 180'

EAST i WEST

120

LONGITUDE

60 0'

WEST i EAST

to

60'
p. 228 SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF foF2 ON RASSN

NOVEMBER 1400 HOURS GMT

-L .020—I

90*

o

to

90'

60' 120' 180"

EAST i WEST

120"

LONGITUDE

60 0"

WEST i EAST

60"
SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF foF2 ON RASSN

NOVEMBER 1600 HOURS GMT

p. 229

120' 180"

EAST i WEST

120'

LONGITUDE

60 0'

WEST i EAST

C3

to

60'
p. 230

SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF foF2 ON RASSN

NOVEMBER 1800 HOURS GMT

60'

180'

EAST i WEST

120

LONGITUDE

WEST i EAST
SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF foF2 ON RASSN

NOVEMBER 2000 HOURS GMT

p. 231

CO

120 180'

EAST i WEST

120'

LONGITUDE

60' 0"

WEST i EAST

60'
p. 232

60'

SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF foF2 ON RASSN

NOVEMBER 2200 HOURS GMT

to

180'

EAST i WEST WEST i EAST

LONGITUDE
M-4000 FACTOR AT RASSN 50

NOVEMBER 0000 HOURS GMT

p. 233

CO

60* 120"

EAST i WEST

120'

LONGITUDE

60' 0"

WEST i EAST
p. 234 M-4000 FACTOR AT RASSN 50

NOVEMBER 0200 HOURS GMT

60' 120 180'

EAST i WEST

120*

LONGITUDE

60

•

CO

0*

WEST i EAST

60'
M-4000 FACTOR AT RASSN 50

NOVEMBER 0400 HOURS GMT

p. 235

CO

60" 120" 180'

EAST i WEST

120*

LONGITUDE

60' 0"

WEST i EAST

60'
p. 236

M-4000 FACTOR AT RASSN 50

NOVEMBER 0600 HOURS GMT

CO

60* 120

EAST i WEST

120'

LONGITUDE

60 0'

WEST i EAST

60*
M-4000 FACTOR AT RASSN 50

NOVEMBER 0800 HOURS GMT

p. 237

CO

60* 180"

EAST i WEST

0'

WEST i EAST

LONGITUDE
p. 238 M-4000 FACTOR AT RASSN 50

NOVEMBER 1000 HOURS GMT

CO

60'

EAST i WEST

0*

WEST i EAST

LONGITUDE
M-4000 FACTOR AT RASSN 50

NOVEMBER 1200 HOURS GMT

p. 239

o

CO

I20' 180' 120'

EAST i WEST

LONGITUDE

60 0'

WEST i EAST

60'
p. 240 M-4000 FACTOR AT RASSN 50

NOVEMBER 1400 HOURS GMT

60' 180"

EAST i WEST

120

LONGITUDE

WEST i EAST
M-4000 FACTOR AT RASSN 50

NOVEMBER 1600 HOURS GMT

p. 241

120' 180'

EAST i WEST

120*

LONGITUDE

60' 0'

WEST i EAST

to

60"
p. 242 M-4000 FACTOR AT RASSN 50

NOVEMBER 1800 HOURS GMT

60

CO

120 180'

EAST i WEST

120*

LONGITUDE

60 0'

WEST i EAST

60'
M-4000 FACTOR AT RASSN 50

NOVEMBER 2000 HOURS GMT

p. 243

120' 180'

EAST i WEST

120

LONGITUDE

60'

CO

0'

WEST i EAST

60'
p. 244

H-4000 FACTOR AT RASSN 50

NOVEMBER 2200 HOURS GMT

*y>

60" I80'

EAST i WEST

120"

LONGITUDE

WEST i EAST
SLOPE OF REGRESSION LINE OF M-4000 FACTOR ON RASSN

NOVEMBER

p. 245

C9

LOCAL TIME
/
?^; >;-* *

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

Frederick H. Mueller, Secretary

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

A. V, Astin, Director

THE NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

The scope of activities of the National Bui-eau of Standards at its major laboratories in WashuiKUHi, it.C, imiJ

Boulder, Colo., is suggested in the following listing of the divisions and sections engaged in technical work. In

general, each section carries out specialized research, development, and engineering in the field indicated by ita

title. A brief description of the activities, and of the i-esultant publications, appears on i>m- i- •!)" of Hv- f .v..,f cover.

WASHINGTON, D.C.

ELECTRICITY. Rosiatance and Reactance. Electrochemistry. Electrical Instruments. Magnetic Measurements.

Dielectrics.

METROLOGY. Plu^tonietry and Colorimetry. Refractometry. Photographic Research. Length. Engineering

Metrology. Mass and Scale. Voiumetry and Densimetry.

HEAT. Temperature Physics. Heat Measurements. Cryogenic Physics. Rheology. Molecular Kinetics. Free

Radicals ResearArh. Equation of State. Statistical Physics. Molecular Spectroscopy.

RADIATION PHYSICS. X-Ray. Radioactivity. Radiation Theory. High Energy Radiatio-,. i:.,tliuiu^uul

Equipment. Nucleonic Instrumentation. Neutron Physics.

CHEMISTRY. Surface Chemistry. Organic Chemistry. Analytical Chemistry. Inorganic Chemistry. Electrodeposition. Molecular Structure and Properties of Gases. Physical Chemistry. Thermochemistro'. Spectrochemistry. Pure Substances.

MECHANICS. Sound. Pressure and Vacuum. Fluid Mechanics. Engineering Mechanics. Combustion Controls.

ORGANIC AND FIBROUS MATERIALS. Rubber. Textiles. Paper. Leather. Testing and Specifications.

Polymer Structure. Plastics. Dental Research.

METALLURGY. Thei-mal Metallurgy. Chemical Metallurgy. Mechanical Metallurgy. Corrx)sion. Motal Physica.

MINERAL PRODUCTS. Engineering Ceramics. Glass. Refractories. Enameled Metals. Constitution and

Microstructure.

BUILDING RESEARCH. Structural Engineering. Fire Research. Mechanical Systems. Or.ganic Building Materials. Codes and Safety Standards. Heat Transfer. Inorganic Building Materials.

APPLIED MATHEMATICS, Numerical Analysis. Computation. Statistical Engineering. Mathematical

Physics.

DATA PROCESSING SYSTEMS. Components and Techniques. Digital Circuitry. Digital Systems. Analog

Systems. Applications Engineering.

ATOMIC PHYSICS. Spectroscopy. Radiometry. Mas.-? Sppctrom<-f rv, Atomic Physics.

INSTRUMENTATION. Engineering Electronics. Electron Devices.

Instruments. Basic Instrumentation.

Office of Weights and Measures.

SoH-I s*=.fo PhyaicB. Electron Ph>.-,u..->.

Electronic Instrumentation. Mechanical

Cryogenic Equipment. Cryogenic Processes. Properties of Materials. Gas

BOULDER, COLO.

CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING.

Liquefaction.

IONOSPHERE RESEARCH AND PROPAGATION. Low Frequency and Vei7 Low Frequency Research Ion- osphere Research. Prediction Services. Sun-Earth Relationships. Field Engineering. Radio Warning Services

RADIO PROPAGATION ENGINEERING. Data Reduction Instrumentation. Radio Noise. Tropospheric Measurements. Tropospheric Analysis. Propagation-Terrain i:frects. Kadio-Meteoi-oIogy. Lower Atmosphere Physic.<!

RADIO STANDARDS. High fi-equency Electrical Standai-ds. Radio Broadcast Service. Radio and Microwave

cy and Time Standards. Electronic Calibration Center. Millimeter-Wave Research.

Mctviials. Atomic T" Microwave Circuit . 'fS. RADIO SYSTEMS. High Frequency and Very High Fre<iuency Research. Modulation Research. Antenna Re- scarirh. N-^ ' <. Space Telecommunications. search. N

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V u « .." "a-"^, -^^^ ^^^^^ PHYSICS. Upper Atmosph.n. and Plasma Physics. Ionosphere and Exosphei-e Scatter. Airglow and Aurora. Ionospheric Radio Astronomy.

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