UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA

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3 1 08486 7901 Registry No. 2

NATIONAL RECOVERY ADMINISTRATION

CODE OF FAIR COMPETITION

FOR THE

READY-MADE FURNITURE

SLIP COVERS MANUFACTURIN

INDUSTRY

AS APPROVED ON FEBRUARY 16, 1034

U.&,

WE Do OUR PART

For gale by the Superintendent GOVERNMENT of Documents, WASHINGTON: UNITED Washington, PRINTING STATES 1934D.C. OFFICE - - - - - - - - - Price 5 c
This publication is for sale by the Superintendent of Documents, Government

Printing Office, Washington, D.C., and by district offices of the Bureau of Foreign

and Domestic Commerce.

DISTRICT OFFICES OF THE DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

Atlanta, Ga.: 504 Post Office Building.

Birmingham, Ala.: 257 Federal Building.

Boston, Mass.: 1801 Customhouse.

Buffalo, N.Y.: Chamber of Commerce Building.

Charleston, S.C.: Chamber of Commerce Building.

Chicago, Ill.: Suite 1706, 201 North Wells Street.

Cleveland, Ohio: Chamber of Commerce.

Dallas, Tex.: Chamber of Commerce Building.

Detruit, Mich.: 801 First National Bank Building.

Houston, Tex.: Chamber of Commerce Building.

Indianapolis, Ind.: Chamber of Commerce Building.

Jacksonville, Fla.: Chamber of Commerce Building.

Kansas City, Mo.: 1028 Baltimore Avenue.

Los Angeles, Calif.: 1163 South Broadway.

Louisville, Ky.: 408 Federal Building.

Memphis, Tenn.: 229 Federal Building.

Minneapolis, Minn.: 213 Federal Building.

New Orleans, La.: Room 225-A, Customhouse.

New York, N.Y.: 734 Customhouse.

Norfolk, Va.: 406 East Plume Street.

Philadelphia, Pa.: 422 Commercial Trust Building.

Pittsburgh, Pa.: Chamber of Commerce Building.

Portland, Oreg.: 215 New Post Office Building.

St. Louis, Mo.: 506 Olive Street.

San Francisco, Calif.: 310 Customhouse.

Seattle, Wash.: 809 Federal Office Building.
Approved Code No. 283

CODE OF FAIR COMPETITION

FOR THE

READY-MADE FURNITURE SLIP COVERS

MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY

As Approved on February 16, 1934

ORDER

APPROVING CODE OF FAIR COMPETITION FOR THE READY-MADE F47URNITURE SLIP COVERs MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY

An application having been duly made pursuant to and in full

compliance with the provisions of Title I of the National Industrial

Recovery Act, approved June 16, 1933, for approval of a Code of

Fair Competition for the Ready-Made Furniture Slip Covers Manufacturing Industry, and hearings having been duly held thereon and

the annexed report on said Code, containing findings with respect

thereto, having been made and directed to the President:

'NOW, THEREFORE, on behalf of the President of the United

States, I, Hugh S. Johnson, Administrator for Industrial Recovery, pursuant to authority vested in me by Executive Orders of the President, including Executive Order No. 6543-A, dated December 30

1933, and otherwise; do hereby incorporate by reference said annexed

report and do find that said Code complies in all respects with the

pertinent provisions and will promote the policy and purposes of

said Title of said Act; and do hereby order that said Code of Fair

Competition be and it is hereby approved.

HUGH S. JOHNSON,

Administrator for Industrial Recovery.

Approval recommended:

GEO. L. BERRY,

Division Administrator.

WASHINGTON, D.C., February 16, 1934..

40876*-376-77-84 (527)
REPORT TO THE PRESIDENT

The PRESIDENT,

The White House.

SIR: A Public Hearing on the Code of Fair Competitio

ft

Ready-Made Furniture Slip Covers Manufacturing Indu

mitted by the National Association of Ready-Made Furn

Cover Manufacturers, Inc., located at 261 Fifth Avenue, N

Y

N. Y., was conducted in Washington on the 23rd of Novem

in accordance with the provisions of the National Industr

R

ery Act. The Association claims to represent 95 percet

Industry.

The maximum hours permitted under this Code are 40 pw

From April 1st to June 30th of any year employees may w4

hours per week, time and one-half to be paid for all houw

by any employee in excess of 40 per week. Firemen and 

crews are permitted to work 42 hours per week. A nor

w

week is limited to six (6) days.

The minimum rate of pay is 32%2 per hour or $13.00 pw

Learners, who are limited to a 4 weeks learning period and n

exceed 5% of the total number of employees, are provided f

t

rate of $10.50 per week during the learning period. Pri

made for an equitable adjustment of wages above the mini

This Code covers only the manufacture of ready-made f

slip covers and has nothing to do with the manufacturers 

c

made slip covers. There are no wholesale or retail outle

f

covers owned or controlled by the manufacturer, nor is ther

sified field of distribution for them. Practically the ent

of all the manufacturers is purchased by department store

The peak demand for products of this Industry occurs dt

months from January to June, inclusive. Because of the c

i

design and texture of materials from season to season it is n

able to manufacture stock in advance.

The value of the products of this Industry increased 14

i

over 1929. During 1932 they decreased 8.5. It is estimate

t

value in 1933 will be about the same as 1932.

By adopting a 40-hour week, 49 wage earners should beneft

reemployment, thus increasing the total wage earners to 2

w

is On greater than at any time since 1929. total. on having ings The the in the Deputy basis found this basis matter; of as Administrator of aherein th 40-hour 1932 set week,eekly forth FINDINGS in (528) his and should average final on the increase reportarnings basis to 18.3 of me the all over on tot

thptCp
529

I find that:

(a) Said Code is well designed to promote the policies and p

poses of Title I of the National Industrial Recovery Act, inc

removal of obstructions to the free flow of interstate and f

commerce which tend to diminish the amount thereof and wil

p

vide for the general welfare by promoting the organization of i

try for the purpose of cooperative action among the trade g

by inducing and maintaining united action of labor and manag

under adequate governmental sanctions and supervision, by eli

ing unfair competitive practices, by promoting the fullest po

utilization of the present productive capacity of industries, by 

ing undue restriction of production (except as may be tempo

required), by increasing the consumption of industrial and a

tural products through increasing purchasing power, by reducin

relieving unemployment, by improving standards of labor, ab

otherwise rehabilitating industry.

(b) Said Industry normally employs not more than 50,000 em

ees; and is not classified by me as a major industry.

(c) The Code as approved complies in all respects with the p

nent provisions of said Title of said Act, including without l

tion Subsection (a) of Section 3, Subsection (a) of Section 7

Subsection (b) of Section 10 thereof ; and that the applicant 

ation is an industrial association truly representative of the 

said industry; and that said Association imposes no inequ

restrictions on admission to membership therein.

(d) The Code is not designed to and will not permit mono

or monopolistic practices.

(e) The Code is not designed to and will not eliminate or o

small enterprises and will not operate to discriminate against t

(f) Those engaged in other steps of the economic process ha

n

been deprived of the right to be heard prior to approval o

Code.

This Industry has cooperated in a most satisfactory manne

w

the Administrator in the preparation of this Code. From ev

adduced during this hearing and from recommendations and r

of the various Advisory Boards it is believed that this Code a

n

proposed and revised represents an effective, practical, equitable 

tion for this industry and for these reasons this Code has b

approved.

Respectfully,

HUGH S. JOHNSON,

Administr

FEBRUARY 16, 1934.
CODE OF FAIR COMPETITION FOR THE REA

FURNITURE SLIP COVERS MANUFACTURIN

TRY

ARTICLE I-PURPOSEs

To effectuate the policies of Title I of the Nation

Recovery Act, this Code is established as a Code of Fair 

for the Ready-Made Furniture Slip Covers Manufacturi

and its provisions shall be the standard of fair competi

industry and binding upon every member thereof.

ARTICLE II-DEFNITIONS

1. The term " Ready-Made Furniture Slip Covers M

Industry" or "Industry" as used herein, includes the 

in whole or in part, of ready-made slip covers for living 

ture, studio couches, day beds, dining room furniture 

chairs, or other articles of furniture, and/or the furnish

or labor and material, or both, as part of a larger or fu

tion in the process of manufacturing ready-made fu

covers, and such related branches or subdivisions thereof 

time to time be included under the provisions of this 

Administrator after such notice and hearing as he m

Custom-made furniture slip covers and Trade Shops are 

in this industry.

2. The term " ready-made furniture slip covers " as 

shall mean slip covers that are not especially cut and m

particular piece of furniture or made on special order i

with specific measurements.

3. The term " custom-made slip covers " as used here

covers that are especially cut for a particular piece of f

in accordance with specific measurements.

4. The term "trade shop " as used herein shall mean 

furnishes labor or labor and material for custom-made s

5. The term "member of the industry " includes, 

limitation, any individual, partnership, association, co

other form of enterprise engaged in the industry, eith

ployer or on his or its own behalf.

6. The term " employee " as used herein includes any 

sons engaged in the industry, however compensated, exce

hours of respectively Administrator 7. 1the No The in industry. employee any terms Title one week for "Act I shall Industrial of " the or beARTICLE and more National permitted "Administrator Recovery. than (f3O) Il--HOURS Industrial eight to work (8) " in Recovery hours as excess used in o
531

except during the period from April 1 to June 30, employee

m

be permitted to work not to exceed forty-eight (48) hours i

one week or eight (8) hours in any one day, provided, howeve

t

time and one-half shall be paid for all hours worked by ane

ployee in excess of forty (40) hours per week, except as h

otherwise provided.

(a) The maximum hours herein established shall not apply te

ployees engaged in an executive capacity, office employees, exec

and all other employees engaged in a managerial capacity, w

r

ceive more than thirty-five dollars ($35.00) per week, or to o

salesmen.

(b) The maximum hours herein established shall not apply tf

men and shipping crews who may be employed not more than f

two (42) hours in any one week or eight and one-half (8 ) h

in any one day.

(c) The maximum hours herein fixed shall not apply to ane

ployee on emergency repair work involving break-downs or prot

of life or property, but in any such special case at least on

one-half times the normal rate of pay shall be paid for all h

worked in excess of forty (40) per week.

2. A normal work week shall not exceed six (6) days.

3. No member of the industry shall operate more than on

shift.

4. No employee shall work or be permitted to work for a t

number of hours in excess of the hours prescribed, whether hb

employed by one or more employers.

ARTICLE IV-WAGES

1. No employee shall be paid less than at the rate of th

dollars ($13.00) per week of forty (40) hours or thirty-two an

half cents (321/2#) per hour; except learners, who are persons h

had no previous experience or employment in this industry, 

be paid not less than ten dollars and fifty cents ($10.50) per w

provided that if such employees are employed on piece-work p

formance they shall be paid not less than at the established ratp

skilled employees for such work; provided, further, that the n

of learners employed by any one employer, shall not excee

f

percent (5%) of the total number of employees of such emp

said period of learning shall not exceed four (4) weeks an

learner shall serve more than one apprenticeship, whether fo

or more employers.

(q,) Females performing substantially the same work as m

shall receive the same pay. performance or herein may whether reducing the prior forth, increase 2. 3. This It be to notwithstanding set is reduced; the June an the Article forth, pay employee compensation policy 16, other of by and establishes 1933, all an ofall basis. employees the is equitable that in members compensated members of for excess th a employment minimum hours adjutment in of excess thie this of on minimum industry rate work of industry a which of all the time of pay, in minimum compensatio

pay suchhall rate, wage to rgardlschedulrefrain emploendeapieceherewafwt
532

ARTICLE V-GENERAL LABOR PROVISIONS

1. No person under sixteen (16) years of age shall be e

in the industry, nor anyone under eighteen (18) years of 

operations or occupations hazardous in nature or detrim

t

health. The Code Authority shall submit to the Adminis

list of such occupations. In any State an employer shall be d

to have complied with this provision if he shall have on fic

tificate or permit duly issued by the authority in such State e

ered to issue employment or age certificates or permits, showt

the employee is of the required age.

2. In compliance with Section 7 (a) of the Act it is prov

(a) That employees shall have the right to organize and b

collectively through representatives of their own choosing, a

be free from the interference, restraint, or coercion of empl

labor, or their agents, in the designation of such representa

in self-organization or in other concerted activities for the p

of collective bargaining or other mutual aid or protection.

(b) That no employee and no one seeking employment b

required as a condition of employment to join any company u

to refrain from joining, organizing or assisting a labor orga

of his own choosing, and

(c) That employers shall comply with the maximum h

labor, minimum rates of pay and other conditions of emp

approved or prescribed by the President.

3. No provision in this Code shall supersede any State or F

law which imposes on employers, more stringent requirement

age of employees, wages, hours of work, or as to safety, h

sanitary or general working conditions than are imposed bt

Code.

4. No employer shall reclassify employees or duties of occ

performed as they existed on October 1, 1933, or engage in a

subterfuge, for the purpose of defeating the purposes of the A

this Code.

5. Every employer shall provide for the safety and healt

h

employees at the place and during the hours of their employ

6. If any member of the Ready-Made Furniture Slip Cove

M

ufacturing Industry is also an employer of labor in any othe

i

try the provisions of this code shall apply to and affect o

t

part of his business which is engaged in the manufacture o

r

made slip covers as herein defined.

7. Any member of this industry who performs productiv

w

shall, while performing such work, observe the maximum w

hours herein provided.

code to by 8. 1. be contracts Each Members in done conspicuous places employer in with of the thisose home ARTICLE shall industry who or post accessible homes, let VI-HoME and shall out either directly work keep to not employees. WORK on posted permit subcontracts. full workr copies indireof a

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533

ARTrcLE VII-ADINIsTRATION

Organization and Constitution.

1. A Code Authority is hereby established to cooperate w

t

Administrator in the administration of this code and shall c

of five (5) members to be chosen by the industry through 

f

method of selection approved by the Administrator to serv

f

period of one year from the date of their election. The A

trator in his discretion may appoint not more than three (3

tional members without vote and without compensation fr

t

industry, to serve for such period of time and to represent the A

istrator or such group or groups as he may designate.

(a) Vacancies in the personnel of the Code Authority 

by the industry shall be filled upon nomination of the Code A

ity, approved by the Administrator.

2. Each trade or industrial association directly or indirec

p

ticipating in the selection or activities of the Code Authori

impose no inequitable restrictions on membership, and shall 

to the Administrator true copies of its articles of association, b

regulations and any amendments when made thereto, togeth

w

such other information as to inembership, organization and a

as the Administrator may deem necessary to effectuate the p

of the Act.

3. In order that the Code Authority shall at all times b

t

representative of the industry and in other respects comply w

t

provisions of the Act, the Administrator may provide such h

as he may deem proper; and if he shall find that the Code Au

is not truly representative or does not in other respects compw

the provisions of the Act, he may take such action as he ma

d

necessary under the circumstances.

4. Members of the industry shall be entitled to participate i

share the benefits of the activities of the Code Authority and tp

ticipate in the selection of the members thereof by assenting t

complying with the requirements of this Code and sustainint

reasonable share of the expenses of its administration. Such r

able share of the expenses of administration shall be determ

b

the Code Authority, subject to review by the Administrator, t

basis of volume of business and/or such other factors as m

b

deemed equitable.

5. Nothing contained in this Code shall constitute the m

of the Code Authority partners for any purpose. Nor sh

member of the Code Authority be liable in any manner to 

for any act of any other member, officer, agent or employee 

t

Code Authority. Nor shall any member of the Code Au

thiso the exercising under, theo 6. (a) propose amendments, compliance Code, The extent To beCode liable administer reasonable except prmitted Authority of to for the anyone his the diligence industry by exceptions shall own the provisions for Act. willful have any with in the action the and/or the of mis-feasance conduct following this provisions or modifications Code omission of duties and and his or of non-fethe to dutieprovacaAhupf
534

mit them to the Administrator for his approval; such ame

and or modifications, when approved, shall become a part t

Code after such notice and hearing as he may specify.

(b) To adopt by-laws and rules and regulations for its pr

and for the administration and enforcement of the Code.

(c) To obtain from members of the industry such info

and reports as are required for the administration of the C

to provide for submission by members of such information r

ports as the Administrator may deem necessary for the p

recited in Section 3 (a) of the Act, which information and r

shall be submitted by members to such administrative and/or 

ment agencies as the Administrator may designate; provid

t

nothing in this Code shall relieve any member of the ind

any existing obligations to furnish reports to any government 

No individual reports shall be disclosed to any other membe

t

industry or any other party except to such governmental age

may be directed by the Administrator.

(d) To receive, subject to rules and regulations issued by tA

ministrator, complaints of violations of this Code, make in

tions thereof, provide hearings thereon and adjust such co

and bring to the attention of the Administrator for pros

recommendations and information relative to unadjusted vi

but in no event shall the Code Authority proceed to prosecuw

out notice to and approval by the Administrator. An appef

any action by the Code Authority affecting the rights 

employer or employees in the industry may be taken t

Administrator.

(e) To use such trade associations and other agencies as id

proper for the carrying out of any of its activities provi

f

herein, provided that nothing herein shall relieve the Code A

ity of its duties or responsibilities under this Code and th

trade associations and agencies shall at all times be subjec

comply with the provisions hereof.

(f) To make recommendations to the Administrator for t

c

ordination of the administration of this Code with such othe

c

if any, as may be related to the industry.

(g) To secure from members of the industry, who assen

Code and/or participate in the activities of the Code Au

such proportionate payment of the reasonable expenses of m

inu the Code Authority as may be determined by the Code A

and approved by the Administrator.

(h) To cooperate with the Administrator in regulating t

u

of any N.R.A. insigna solely by those members of the indus

w

have assented to, and are complying with, this Code. tice A.(lninistrator tion such wit code cntra (i) (j) provisions of actionuthority each To ry If employment. to the recommend other be the Administrator measures suspended to govern or public or any with to interest, agency for the members other to industrial afford Administrator shall determine thereof industries the of an Administrator the opportunity planning, may industry and further be that to unfair including recommend may in for any fair their inves

or requactiotradunsrptt
535

of the merits of such action and further consideration by suc

c

authority or agency pending final action which shall not be e

unless the Administrator approves or unless he shall fail t

d

approve after thirty (30) days' notice to him of intention t

p

ceed with such action in its original or modified form.

ARTICLE VIII-PRICE LISTs AND COsT FINDING METHOD

1. Members of the industry shall file with the Code Aut

within fifteen (15) days after the effective date of this Code, a 

ule of prices and terms of sale for the products of the industr

N

member of the industry shall sell his products at a price lo

on more favorable terms than set forth in his schedule on fi

w

the Code Authority, except as provided in Article IX, Sectio

this Code.

(a) Price lists may be revised and filed with the Code Au

at any time to take effect immediately upon the filing thereo

2. Each member of the industry shall install an adequac

finding method formulated by the Code Authority and ap

by the Administrator, within a reasonable time and as soon a

p

ticable after the approval of this Code by the President.

ARTICLE IX-TRADE PRACTICES

1. No member of the industry shall sell or offer for sa

product of this industry at a price below his own individua

c

as determined by the cost finding method provided for in Se

of Article VIII, when approved by the Administrator, exce

t

any member of the industry may meet competition in any 

instance by selling his product at a price not less than the l

price of a comparable article on file with the Code Authorityp

vided, however, that "Discontinued " distress merchandise, jl

or seconds may be sold, as approved by the Code Authority, 

the period from August 1st to November 30th of any year.

2. No member of the industry shall perform work or la

material or merchandise other than his own, unless the owner t

shall have billed to the member of the industry, the mate

merchandise at actual replacement value and shall have agr

i

writing not to sell such finished product for less than actu

c

including the replacement value of such material or merch

unless and until the same shall have become seconds, discon

or distress merchandise.

3. No member of the industry shall publish advertising (w

printed, radio, display, or of any other nature), which is misl

or inaccurate in any material particular, nor shall any mem

i

its terms, mislead origin, preparation any character, conducted. commodity 4. use, way No values, size, trade-mark, purchasers member misrepresent any nature, in substance, of policies, services any such offinish, wt manner goods. grae, the character, respect industry material, goods quality, which or tonature, the shall te content, (including is quantity, intended nature brand,brand fiish, or grade, or but without origin, preparation) or toform material, mark or quality, does decesize, of or the conlimsubpacquor bc
536

5. No member of the industry shall publish advertis

refers inaccurately in any material particular to any c

or their goods, prices, values, credit terms, policies or ser

6. No member of the industry shall publish or circulate 

or unwarranted threats of legal proceedings which tend 

the effect of harassing competitors or intimidating their 

Failure to prosecute in due course shall be evidence tha

threat is unwarranted or unjustified.

7. No member of the industry shall give, permit to b

directly offer to give, anything of value for the purpose o

ing or rewarding the action of any employee, agent or

tative of another in relation to the business of the employ

employee, the principal of such agent or the represen

without the knowledge of such employer, principal or pa

mercial bribery provisions shall not be construed to pr

and general distribution of articles commonly used for 

except so far as such articles are actually used for commerc

as hereinabove defined.

8. No member of the industry shall ship goods on co

except under circumstances to be defined by the Code 

where peculiar circumstances of the industry require th

9. No member of the industry shall make any advertis

ance or secretly offer or make any payment or allowance o

refund, commission, credit, unearned discount or excess 

whether in the form of money or otherwise; nor shall a 

the industry secretly offer or extend to any customer a

services or privileges not extended to all customers of 

quantity and quality.

10. No member of the industry shall attempt to induce 

of any existing contract between a competitor and his em

customer or source of supply; nor shall any such membe

with or obstruct the performance of such contractural 

services.

11. No member of the industry shall require that the p

lease of any commodity be a prerequisite to the purchase 

any other commodity.

12. No member of the industry shall sell or invoice m

on more favorable terms of discount than three percent 

(10) days, E.O.M.

13. No member of the industry shall ship goods other 

factory except in cities where other slip cover manufac

located where the seller may ship f.o.b. destination.

ARTICLE X--MODIFICATIoN

subject visions of time be orcircumstances, 1. 2. regulation modified This to to time Code, Subsection the or to issued right such amended cancel and except under modifications of all (b) or the as the on modify of Title to President, provisions the Section provisions I basis of or any said amendments 10 order, in of thereof of Act. required accordance experience Title approval, are I to byf exprebe or witthe the lib
537

application to the Administrator and such notice and hearin

he shall specify, and to become effective on approval of the P

dent, unless otherwise provided.

ARTICLE XI-MONOPOLIEs, ETC.

1. No provision of this Code shall be so applied as to p

monopolies or monopolistic practices, or to eliminate, oppre

discriminate against small enterprises.

ARTICLE XII-PRICE INCREASES

1. Whereas the policy of the Act to increase real purchasing p

will be made impossible of consummation if prices of goods 

services increase as rapidly as wages, it is recognized that 

increases should be delayed and that, when made the same shou

far as reasonably possible, be limited to actual increases in 

seller's costs.

ARTICLE XIII-EFFECTIVE DATE

This Code shall become effective on the second Monday aft

approval by the President.

Approved Code No. 283.

Registry No. 299-39.

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