U.S. Department of Education

NCES 2008-172

Employees in Postsecondary 

Institutions, Fall 2006, 

and Salaries of Full-Time 

Instructional Faculty, 2006-07

Employees in Postsecondary 

Institutions, Fall 2006, 

and Salaries of Full-Time 

Instructional Faculty, 2006-07

March 2008

Laura G. Knapp 

Janice E. Kelly-Reid

Scott A. Ginder 

RTI International

Elise Miller

Program Director

Postsecondary Institutional 

Studies Program

National Center for Education Statistics

U.S. Department of Education

Institute of Education Sciences

NCES 2008-172

F I R S T L O O K
U.S. Department of Education

Margaret Spellings

Secretary

Institute of Education Sciences

Grover J. Whitehurst

Director

National Center for Education Statistics

Mark Schneider

Commissioner

The National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) is the primary federal entity for collecting, analyzing, and reporting 

data related to education in the United States and other nations. It fulfills a congressional mandate to collect, collate, analyze, 

and report full and complete statistics on the condition of education in the United States; conduct and publish reports and 

specialized analyses of the meaning and significance of such statistics; assist state and local education agencies in improving 

their statistical systems; and review and report on education activities in foreign countries.

NCES activities are designed to address high priority education data needs; provide consistent, reliable, complete, and 

accurate indicators of education status and trends; and report timely, useful, and high quality data to the U.S. Department of 

Education, the Congress, the states, other education policymakers, practitioners, data users, and the general public.

We strive to make our products available in a variety of formats and in language that is appropriate to a variety of audiences. 

You, as our customer, are the best judge of our success in communicating information effectively. If you have any comments or 

suggestions about this or any other NCES product or report, we would like to hear from you. Please direct your comments to:

National Center for Education Statistics

Institute of Education Sciences

U.S. Department of Education

1990 K Street NW

Washington, DC 20006-5651

March 2008

The NCES World Wide Web Home Page address is http://nces.ed.gov

The NCES World Wide Web Electronic Catalog is http://nces.ed.gov/pubsearch

This publication is only available online. To download, view, and print the report as a PDF file, go to the NCES World Wide 

Web Electronic Catalog address shown above.

Suggested Citation

Knapp, L.G., Kelly-Reid, J.E., Ginder, S.A., and Miller, E. (2008). Employees in Postsecondary Institutions, Fall 2006, and 

Salaries of Full-Time Instructional Faculty, 2006-07 (NCES 2008-172). National Center for Education Statistics, Institute of 

Education Sciences, U.S. Department of Education. Washington, DC.

Content Contact

Aurora D’Amico

(202) 502-7334

aurora.d’amico@ed.gov
iii

Foreword 

This First Look presents findings from the Human Resources (HR) Component of the Integrated 

Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS) winter 2006-07 data collection. The HR 

component consists of the following three sections: Employees by Assigned Position (EAP) and 

Fall Staff (S) for fall 2006 and Salaries (SA) for academic year 2006-07. The EAP and Salaries 

sections were required, and the Fall Staff section was optional for the winter 2006-07 collection. 

While this publication includes detailed data based on the EAP and Salaries section, it does not 

include detailed data based on the Fall Staff section because the Fall Staff section was optional. 

The HR data were collected through the IPEDS web-based data collection system. 

The data on which this report is based are available to researchers and the public through the 

IPEDS Peer Analysis System, which can be found at http://nces.ed.gov/ipeds. This First Look

report continues the series of First Look reports (formerly known as E.D. TABs) based on the 

collection of data from more than 6,500 postsecondary education institutions that participate in 

Title IV federal student financial aid programs. 

We hope that the information provided in the report will be useful to a wide range of interested 

readers. Further, we hope that the results reported here will encourage researchers and others to 

make full use of the IPEDS data for analysis, to perform peer comparisons, or to help answer 

questions about postsecondary education institutions. 

Mark Schneider 

Commissioner 

National Center for Education Statistics 

 Thomas Weko

Associate Commissioner 

Postsecondary Studies Division 
iv
v

Acknowledgments 

The information presented in this publication was provided by either state coordinators for the 

Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS) or officials at individual institutions. 

In addition, these persons provided much assistance in resolving questions about the data, which 

resulted in more accurate information. Although it is not possible to list the names of all these 

people, their assistance was invaluable and is much appreciated. 

The U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics (NCES), and the 

Office for Civil Rights, with the approval of the Office of Management and Budget, cooperate in 

the collection of racial/ethnic and gender information from all postsecondary institutions that 

participate in the Human Resources component of IPEDS. In this collaboration, data provided by 

postsecondary institutions are designated as Compliance Reports pursuant to the Civil Rights Act 

of 1964 (34 CFR 100.6(b)). 

The authors are grateful to Sabrina Ratchford, Paula Knepper, and Dennis Carroll of the 

Postsecondary Studies Division, NCES, and Marilyn Seastrom and Tom Snyder of NCES, for 

their valuable comments during the review of this publication. We also appreciate the thoughtful 

review provided by Claudette Kaba, Office for Civil Rights, and Claire Sams Milligan, Alabama 

Department of Postsecondary Education. At RTI International, in addition to the authors, James 

Isaac, Doug Kendrick, Heather Meier, Jamie Ridenhour, Ellen Scheib, Joanne Studders, and Roy 

Whitmore contributed to the production of this report. 
vi
vii

Contents 

Page 

Foreword....................................................................................................................................... iii

Acknowledgments ..........................................................................................................................v

List of Tables .............................................................................................................................. viii

Introduction....................................................................................................................................1

IPEDS 2006-07.............................................................................................................................1 

Human Resources: Employees by Assigned Position, Fall Staff, and Salaries............................1 

Focus of This Report.....................................................................................................................2 

Selected Findings............................................................................................................................3

Staff at Title IV Institutions and Administrative Offices .............................................................3 

Salaries and Benefits of Full-Time Instructional Faculty at Title IV Degree-Granting 

Institutions ....................................................................................................................................3 

Appendix A: Survey Methodology .......................................................................................... A-1

Overview.................................................................................................................................. A-1 

Terminology Used in the IPEDS Web Collection................................................................... A-2 

Universe, Institutions Surveyed, and Response Rates............................................................. A-2 

Survey Procedures ................................................................................................................... A-3 

Survey Sections........................................................................................................................ A-8 

Edit Procedures...................................................................................................................... A-11 

Imputation Procedures ........................................................................................................... A-12 

Data Perturbation and Confidentiality ................................................................................... A-13 

Appendix B: Glossary of IPEDS Terms...................................................................................B-1
viii

List of Tables 

Table Page 

1. Staff at Title IV institutions and administrative offices, by employment status, 

medical school staff status, control of institution, and primary function/occupational 

activity: United States, fall 2006..........................................................................................4 

2. Full-time professional staff at Title IV institutions and administrative offices, by 

control of institution, medical school staff status, level of institution, and faculty 

status: United States, fall 2006.............................................................................................5 

3. Average salaries of full-time instructional faculty at Title IV degree-granting 

institutions, by academic rank, control and level of institution, and gender: United 

States, academic year 2006-07.............................................................................................6 

4. Fringe benefits of full-time instructional faculty at Title IV degree-granting 

institutions, by contract length and control of institution: United States, academic 

year 2006-07 ........................................................................................................................7 

A-1. Response rates of Title IV institutions and administrative offices responding to the 

IPEDS winter 2006-07 data collection, by survey component or section, degreegranting status, and level and control of institution: United States and other 

jurisdictions..................................................................................................................... A-4 

A-1a. Response rates of Title IV institutions and administrative offices responding to the 

IPEDS winter 2006-07 data collection, by survey component or section, degreegranting status, and level and control of institution: United States ................................ A-6 

A-2. Staff, number of staff imputed, and percentages imputed for all Title IV institutions 

and administrative offices, by control of institution, employment status, primary 

function/occupational activity, degree-granting status, and medical school staff 

status: United States, fall 2006...................................................................................... A-14 

A-3. Salary outlays, amounts imputed, and percentages imputed for Title IV degreegranting institutions, by control of institution, contract length, gender, and academic 

rank: United States, academic year 2006-07................................................................. A-15 

A-4. Fringe benefit expenditures, amounts imputed, and percentages imputed for Title IV 

degree-granting institutions, by control of institution, contract length, and benefit 

type: United States, academic year 2006-07................................................................. A-16 
1

Introduction 

The Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS) collects institution-level data 

from postsecondary institutions in the United States (50 states and the District of Columbia) and 

other jurisdictions, such as Puerto Rico.1 For IPEDS, a postsecondary institution is defined as an 

organization open to the public that has as its primary mission the provision of postsecondary 

education. IPEDS defines postsecondary education as formal instructional programs with a 

curriculum designed primarily for students who are beyond the compulsory age for high school. 

This includes academic, vocational, and continuing professional education programs and 

excludes institutions that offer only avocational (leisure) and adult basic education programs. 

Prior to the inception of IPEDS, the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) collected 

data from approximately 3,600 institutions of higher education through its Higher Education 

General Information Survey (HEGIS) program. HEGIS was conducted from 1966 until 1985, 

when the mission of NCES was expanded to include all postsecondary institutions. 

IPEDS 2006-07 

Participation in IPEDS was a requirement for the 6,700 institutions that participated in Title IV 

federal student financial aid programs, such as Pell Grants or Stafford Loans, during the 2006-07 

academic year.2

 Title IV institutions include traditional colleges and universities, 2-year 

institutions, and for-profit degree- and non-degree-granting institutions (such as schools of 

cosmetology), among others. In addition, 84 administrative offices (central and system offices) 

listed in the IPEDS universe were expected to participate in the Human Resources (HR) 

component. Four of the U.S. service academies are included in the IPEDS universe as if they 

were Title IV institutions.3 Institutions that do not participate in Title IV programs may 

participate in the IPEDS data collection on a voluntary basis. 

After participating in the IPEDS fall 2006 data collection, 19 institutions closed, which left 6,681 

institutions and 84 administrative offices in the United States and other jurisdictions that were 

eligible to participate in the IPEDS winter 2006-07 data collection. 

Human Resources: Employees by Assigned Position, Fall Staff, and Salaries 

The HR component consists of three sections: Employees by Assigned Position (EAP), Fall 

Staff, and Salaries. 

• The EAP section was required of all 6,765 Title IV institutions and administrative offices, 

and 6,755, or 99.9 percent, responded (table A-1). 

 

1

 The other jurisdictions include American Samoa, the Federated States of Micronesia, Guam, the Marshall Islands, 

the Northern Marianas, Palau, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands. 

2 Institutions participating in Title IV programs are accredited by an agency or organization recognized by the 

Secretary of the U.S. Department of Education, have a program of more than 300 clock hours or 8 credit hours, have 

been in business for at least 2 years, and have a signed Program Participation Agreement (PPA) with the Office of 

Postsecondary Education (OPE), U.S. Department of Education. Affected tables are noted accordingly. 3

 The four U.S. service academies that are not Title IV–eligible are the U.S. Naval Academy, the U.S. Military 

Academy, the U.S. Coast Guard Academy, and the U.S. Air Force Academy. One academy, the U.S. Merchant 

Marine Academy, is Title IV–eligible. Data for all five institutions are included in the tables and counts of 

institutions. 
2

• Although the Fall Staff section was not required in 2006-07, 65.3 percent of institutions and 

administrative offices elected voluntarily to respond.4 By sector, responses rates ranged from 

52.1 to 76.0 percent, with the lowest percent belonging to 4-year private not-for-profit 

institutions and the highest percent belonging to less-than-2-year public institutions. 

• The Salaries section was required of all Title IV degree-granting institutions, except for those 

institutions at which all instructional faculty5

 were part time, contributed their services, were 

in the military, or taught preclinical or clinical medicine. For the winter 2006-07 collection, 

4,266 Title IV degree-granting institutions were required to complete the Salaries section. 

Although the Salaries section was applicable to degree-granting institutions only, four 

degree-granting institutions reported not only their own data, but data for two non-degreegranting institutions and two administrative offices because the data could not be separated 

by degree-granting status. The four additional entities are included in the universe and 

response rate numbers of the Salaries section. Of the 4,270 Title IV entities required to 

complete the Salaries section, 4,267, or more than 99.9 percent, responded. For the purpose 

of this report, total salary outlays for full-time instructional faculty (by rank) on 11/12-month 

contracts were adjusted to 9/10-month outlays by multiplying the outlay for 11/12-month 

contracted faculty by 0.8182. The “equated” outlays were then added to the outlays for 9/10-

month faculty, and the resulting sum was then divided by the total number of faculty to 

determine an average salary for each rank. Salaries for faculty on less-than-9-month contracts 

are not included. 

While the EAP and Fall Staff sections both collect employee counts by primary function/ 

occupational activity, the primary function/occupational activity categories and the information 

collected within the categories differ somewhat between the sections. Please refer to appendix A 

for a detailed description of the sections of the HR component. 

Focus of This Report 

Tabulations in this report present selected data items collected in winter 2006-07 from the 6,517 

Title IV institutions and 81 administrative offices in the United States (excluding those in other 

jurisdictions) that were eligible for the HR component (table A-1a). Additional detailed 

information concerning the HR data is available through the various IPEDS web tools, such as 

the Peer Analysis System.6

 

Because the purpose of this report is to introduce new NCES data through the presentation of 

tables containing descriptive information, only selected findings are presented. These findings 

have been chosen to demonstrate the range of information available from the IPEDS rather than 

to discuss all of the observed differences; they are not meant to emphasize any particular issue. 

 

4

 Fall Staff data are required every 2 years, in odd-numbered reporting years. 5

 Instructional faculty are those members of the instruction/research staff who are employed full time and whose 

specific assignments customarily are made for the purpose of providing instruction or teaching, including those with 

released time for research. Full-time instructional faculty also include those for whom it is not possible to 

differentiate between instruction or teaching, research, and public service because each of these functions is an 

integral component of their regular assignment. They are reported as “primarily instruction” or “instruction 

combined with research and/or public service” in the full-time non-medical school part of the Employees by 

Assigned Position section. 

6

 See http://nces.ed.gov/ipeds. 
3

Selected Findings 

Staff at Title IV Institutions and Administrative Offices 

• Title IV institutions in the United States reported employing 3.5 million individuals in fall 

2006 (table 1). Of the 3.5 million individuals, slightly fewer than 2.3 million were reported to 

be employed full time and about 1.3 million were reported to be employed part time. 

• Public Title IV institutions reported employing 2.3 million individuals, while private not-forprofit Title IV institutions reported employing about 1.0 million individuals and private forprofit Title IV institutions reported employing about 195,000 individuals (table 1). 

• Of the 1.3 million full-time professionals reported to be employed at Title IV institutions 

(excluding medical schools), 22 percent had tenure, 9 percent were on tenure track, 10 

percent were not on tenure track, and 7 percent were employed by institutions without a 

tenure system (table 2). Institutions reported that the remaining 51 percent of full-time 

professionals did not have faculty status. 

Salaries and Benefits of Full-Time Instructional Faculty at Title IV DegreeGranting Institutions 

• Title IV degree-granting institutions reported that the average salaries of their full-time 

instructional faculty for the 2006-07 academic year varied by academic rank, with faculty 

holding higher ranks earning higher average salaries (table 3). Considering adjusted 9-month 

average salaries, institutions reported that professors earned $94,300, associate professors 

earned $68,100, assistant professors earned $57,100, instructors earned $49,900, lecturers 

earned $49,500, and those with no academic rank earned $50,200. 

• Four-year public institutions reported that their full-time instructional faculty earned an 

average salary of $71,300, while 4-year private not-for-profit institutions reported that their 

full-time instructional faculty earned $72,000 (table 3). Four-year private for-profit 

institutions reported a lower average salary for their full-time instructional faculty ($39,500). 

• Two-year public institutions reported that their full-time instructional faculty earned an 

average salary of $56,400 (table 3). Two-year private not-for-profit institutions reported that 

their full-time instructional faculty earned an average salary of $41,000, while 2-year private 

for-profit institutions reported that their full-time instructional faculty earned an average 

salary of $33,600. 

• Overall, Title IV degree-granting institutions reported the highest average expenditures for 

full-time instructional faculty for the following commonly offered fringe benefits: retirement 

plans, medical/dental plans, and Social Security taxes (table 4). 
4

Table 1. Staff at Title IV institutions and administrative offices, by employment status, medical school staff status, 

control of institution, and primary function/occupational activity: United States, fall 2006 

Total Full time Part time 

Control of institution and primary 

function/occupational activity Total 

Staff 

(except 

those in 

medical 

schools)

Medical 

school 

staff1 Total

Staff 

(except 

those in 

medical 

schools)

Medical 

school 

staff1

 Total 

Staff 

(except 

those in 

medical 

schools)

Medical 

school 

staff1

 

Total 3,535,676 3,199,331 336,345 2,284,261 2,004,399 279,862 1,251,415 1,194,932 56,483 

Primarily instruction 1,041,784 1,007,511 34,273 462,479 436,091 26,388 579,305 571,420 7,885

Instruction/research/public service 243,583 194,073 49,510 183,920 140,109 43,811 59,663 53,964 5,699

Primarily research 56,828 40,376 16,452 46,838 32,686 14,152 9,990 7,690 2,300

Primarily public service 22,526 14,305 8,221 16,069 9,241 6,828 6,457 5,064 1,393

Executive/administrative/managerial 213,075 197,340 15,735 205,920 190,821 15,099 7,155 6,519 636

Other professional (support/service) 694,266 590,129 104,137 601,334 508,037 93,297 92,932 82,092 10,840

Graduate assistants2

 322,218 302,920 19,298 † † † 322,218 302,920 19,298

Technical and paraprofessionals 197,264 163,523 33,741 158,730 128,785 29,945 38,534 34,738 3,796

Clerical and secretarial 450,497 404,046 46,451 355,963 313,288 42,675 94,534 90,758 3,776

Skilled crafts 62,625 61,359 1,266 59,611 58,381 1,230 3,014 2,978 36

Service/maintenance 231,010 223,749 7,261 193,397 186,960 6,437 37,613 36,789 824 

Public 2,331,956 2,141,780 190,176 1,473,371 1,319,990 153,381 858,585 821,790 36,795 

Primarily instruction 647,110 626,195 20,915 296,607 280,299 16,308 350,503 345,896 4,607

Instruction/research/public service 170,960 142,840 28,120 128,892 104,371 24,521 42,068 38,469 3,599

Primarily research 35,602 26,786 8,816 28,879 21,179 7,700 6,723 5,607 1,116

Primarily public service 15,996 12,669 3,327 10,994 8,283 2,711 5,002 4,386 616

Executive/administrative/managerial 104,833 98,500 6,333 101,590 95,530 6,060 3,243 2,970 273

Other professional (support/service) 460,405 395,779 64,626 396,649 339,565 57,084 63,756 56,214 7,542

Graduate assistants2

 262,053 247,199 14,854 † † † 262,053 247,199 14,854

Technical and paraprofessionals 143,015 127,473 15,542 112,557 98,993 13,564 30,458 28,480 1,978

Clerical and secretarial 291,206 267,073 24,133 222,205 199,914 22,291 69,001 67,159 1,842

Skilled crafts 47,281 46,732 549 45,037 44,520 517 2,244 2,212 32

Service/maintenance 153,495 150,534 2,961 129,961 127,336 2,625 23,534 23,198 336 

Private not-for-profit 1,008,298 862,129 146,169 711,257 584,776 126,481 297,041 277,353 19,688 

Primarily instruction 279,180 265,822 13,358 138,341 128,261 10,080 140,839 137,561 3,278

Instruction/research/public service 69,790 48,400 21,390 52,932 33,642 19,290 16,858 14,758 2,100

Primarily research 21,187 13,551 7,636 17,934 11,482 6,452 3,253 2,069 1,184

Primarily public service 6,393 1,499 4,894 4,974 857 4,117 1,419 642 777

Executive/administrative/managerial 89,401 79,999 9,402 86,268 77,229 9,039 3,133 2,770 363

Other professional (support/service) 204,632 165,121 39,511 177,274 141,061 36,213 27,358 24,060 3,298

Graduate assistants2

 60,072 55,628 4,444 † † † 60,072 55,628 4,444

Technical and paraprofessionals 49,622 31,423 18,199 42,146 25,765 16,381 7,476 5,658 1,818

Clerical and secretarial 138,406 116,088 22,318 115,503 95,119 20,384 22,903 20,969 1,934

Skilled crafts 15,146 14,429 717 14,448 13,735 713 698 694 4

Service/maintenance 74,469 70,169 4,300 61,437 57,625 3,812 13,032 12,544 488 

Private for-profit 195,422 195,422 † 99,633 99,633 † 95,789 95,789 †

 

Primarily instruction 115,494 115,494 † 27,531 27,531 † 87,963 87,963 †

Instruction/research/public service 2,833 2,833 † 2,096 2,096 † 737 737 †

Primarily research 39 39 † 25 25 † 14 14 †

Primarily public service 137 137 † 101 101 † 36 36 †

Executive/administrative/managerial 18,841 18,841 † 18,062 18,062 † 779 779 †

Other professional (support/service) 29,229 29,229 † 27,411 27,411 † 1,818 1,818 †

Graduate assistants2

 93 93 † † † † 93 93 †

Technical and paraprofessionals 4,627 4,627 † 4,027 4,027 † 600 600 †

Clerical and secretarial 20,885 20,885 † 18,255 18,255 † 2,630 2,630 †

Skilled crafts 198 198 † 126 126 † 72 72 †

Service/maintenance 3,046 3,046 † 1,999 1,999 † 1,047 1,047 †

† Not applicable. 

1

 Medical schools are defined as those with M.D. and/or D.O. programs. Also includes health or allied health schools or departments that are affiliated 

with (housed in or under the authority of) the medical school. 

2

 By definition, all graduate assistants are part-time. 

NOTE: Data are for all institutions and administrative offices. 

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), Winter 

2006-07, Human Resources component, Employees by Assigned Position section. 
5

Table 2. Full-time professional staff at Title IV institutions and administrative offices, by control of 

institution, medical school staff status, level of institution, and faculty status: United States, 

fall 2006 

Number Percent 

Medical school staff status, level of 

institution, and faculty status Total Public 

Private 

not-forprofit 

Private 

forprofit Total Public 

Private 

not-forprofit 

Private 

forprofit 

 

Staff (except those in medical 

schools1

) 1,316,985 849,227 392,532 75,226 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 

 

With faculty status 639,624 433,813 172,639 33,172 48.6 51.1 44.0 44.1 

With tenure 287,898 211,013 75,074 1,811 21.9 24.8 19.1 2.4 

On tenure track 120,309 84,867 35,237 205 9.1 10.0 9.0 0.3 

Not on tenure track 132,883 94,232 38,432 219 10.1 11.1 9.8 0.3 

No tenure system 98,534 43,701 23,896 30,937 7.5 5.1 6.1 41.1 

Without faculty status 677,361 415,414 219,893 42,054 51.4 48.9 56.0 55.9 

 

4-year 1,076,017 654,545 384,177 37,295 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 

With faculty status 489,632 310,020 168,929 10,683 45.5 47.4 44.0 28.6 

With tenure 233,698 158,681 74,882 135 21.7 24.2 19.5 0.4 

On tenure track 102,420 67,169 35,159 92 9.5 10.3 9.2 0.2 

Not on tenure track 120,568 82,247 38,273 48 11.2 12.6 10.0 0.1 

No tenure system 32,946 1,923 20,615 10,408 3.1 0.3 5.4 27.9 

Without faculty status 586,385 344,525 215,248 26,612 54.5 52.6 56.0 71.4 

 

2-year 218,569 189,924 7,216 21,429 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 

With faculty status 134,183 119,694 3,034 11,455 61.4 63.0 42.0 53.5 

With tenure 50,990 50,477 182 331 23.3 26.6 2.5 1.5 

On tenure track 17,313 17,175 74 64 7.9 9.0 1.0 0.3 

Not on tenure track 11,688 11,478 159 51 5.3 6.0 2.2 0.2 

No tenure system 54,192 40,564 2,619 11,009 24.8 21.4 36.3 51.4 

Without faculty status 84,386 70,230 4,182 9,974 38.6 37.0 58.0 46.5 

 

Less-than-2-year 22,399 4,758 1,139 16,502 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 

With faculty status 15,809 4,099 676 11,034 70.6 86.1 59.4 66.9 

With tenure 3,210 1,855 10 1,345 14.3 39.0 0.9 8.2 

On tenure track 576 523 4 49 2.6 11.0 0.4 0.3 

Not on tenure track 627 507 0 120 2.8 10.7 0.0 0.7 

No tenure system 11,396 1,214 662 9,520 50.9 25.5 58.1 57.7 

Without faculty status 6,590 659 463 5,468 29.4 13.9 40.6 33.1 

 

Medical school staff1

 199,575 114,384 85,191 † 100.0 100.0 100.0 † 

 

With faculty status 87,348 50,927 36,421 † 43.8 44.5 42.8 † 

With tenure 21,043 13,409 7,634 † 10.5 11.7 9.0 † 

On tenure track 16,418 7,266 9,152 † 8.2 6.4 10.7 † 

Not on tenure track 49,354 30,252 19,102 † 24.7 26.4 22.4 † 

No tenure system 533 0 533 † 0.3 0.0 0.6 † 

Without faculty status 112,227 63,457 48,770 † 56.2 55.5 57.2 † 

† Not applicable. 

1

 Medical schools are defined as those with M.D. and/or D.O. programs. Also includes health or allied health schools or 

departments that are affiliated with (housed in or under the authority of) the medical school. 

NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. Data are for all institutions and administrative offices. Professional staff 

include those staff in the following positions: primarily instruction, instruction combined with research and/or public service, 

primarily research, primarily public service, executive/administrative/managerial, and other professional (support/service). 

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Integrated Postsecondary Education Data 

System (IPEDS), Winter 2006-07, Human Resources component, Employees by Assigned Position section. 
6

Table 3. Average salaries of full-time instructional faculty at Title IV degree-granting institutions, by 

academic rank, control and level of institution, and gender: United States, academic year 

2006-07 

Control and level of 

institution, and gender All ranks Professor

Associate 

professor

Assistant 

professor Instructor Lecturer 

No academic 

rank1

 

Adjusted 9-month 

average salaries2

 $67,316 $94,317 $68,096 $57,115 $49,874 $49,536 $50,156

 

Public 66,881 92,050 68,151 57,518 53,752 48,931 50,535

4-year 71,308 96,478 69,940 58,811 42,080 49,001 48,173

Men 77,087 99,021 71,732 60,827 42,905 51,966 50,108

Women 62,421 88,434 67,174 56,526 41,528 46,534 46,416

2-year 56,433 66,567 56,060 49,717 58,526 46,961 51,023

Men 57,726 68,415 56,997 50,273 59,659 46,328 52,059

Women 55,276 64,633 55,218 49,266 57,517 47,410 50,123

 

Private not-for-profit 71,688 99,658 68,292 56,498 42,238 51,537 55,928

4-year 72,026 99,771 68,399 56,588 42,421 51,560 56,501

Men 77,726 102,880 70,200 58,427 42,367 54,438 59,034

Women 63,438 90,777 65,748 54,690 42,465 48,963 53,358

2-year 40,953 47,298 44,128 40,427 40,306 34,417 39,083

Men 39,007 48,571 43,943 36,327 37,563 31,775 40,210

Women 42,471 46,359 44,231 42,161 42,969 34,794 38,167

 

Private for-profit 36,929 51,940 46,279 46,570 36,294 34,967 30,554

4-year 39,456 53,144 46,981 47,852 39,653 12,273 30,050

Men 40,090 53,610 46,322 48,110 40,866 12,273 28,758

Women 38,470 52,002 48,184 47,550 37,838 12,273 31,964

2-year 33,578 38,030 35,313 31,545 33,540 37,561 33,130

Men 34,955 39,516 35,056 30,596 35,036 34,037 33,226

Women 32,118 36,866 35,420 32,916 31,891 37,774 33,057 1 Includes faculty at institutions without standard academic ranks. 

2 Total salary outlays for full-time instructional faculty (by rank) on 11/12-month contracts were adjusted to 9/10-month outlays by 

multiplying the outlay for 11/12-month contracted faculty by 0.8182. The “equated” outlays were then added to the outlays for 9/10-

month faculty, and the resulting sum was then divided by the total number of faculty to determine an average salary for each rank. 

Salaries for faculty on less-than-9-month contracts are not included. 

NOTE: Although the Salaries section was applicable to degree-granting institutions except for those institutions at which all 

instructional faculty were part time, contributed their services, were in the military, or taught preclinical or clinical medicine, four 

degree-granting institutions reported not only their own data, but data for two non-degree-granting institutions and two 

administrative offices because the data could not be separated by degree-granting status. The four additional entities are included 

in the universe and response rate numbers of the Salaries section. Instructional faculty are those members of the 

instruction/research staff who are employed full time and whose specific assignments customarily are made for the purpose of 

providing instruction or teaching, including those with released time for research. Full-time instructional faculty also include those 

for whom it is not possible to differentiate between instruction or teaching, research, and public service because each of these 

functions is an integral component of their regular assignment. They are reported as “primarily instruction” or “instruction combined 

with research and/or public service” in the full-time non-medical school part of the Employees by Assigned Position section. 

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Integrated Postsecondary Education Data 

System (IPEDS), Winter 2006-07, Human Resources component, Salaries section. 
7

Table 4. Fringe benefits of full-time instructional faculty at Title IV degree-granting institutions, by 

contract length and control of institution: United States, academic year 2006-07 

9/10-month contracts 11/12-month contracts 

Control of institution and fringe benefits Number covered

Average 

expenditures Number covered 

Average 

expenditures

 

Total 

Retirement plan (vested within 5 years)1 312,958 $6,851 51,207 $7,235

Retirement plan (vested after 5 years)1

 126,451 6,361 24,033 7,212

Medical/dental plans 426,752 7,217 77,136 6,610

Group life insurance 362,446 217 64,278 288

Other insurance benefits 39,684 1,226 8,259 1,635

Guaranteed disability income protection 274,455 280 47,050 422

Tuition plan (dependents only) 45,775 5,029 6,689 4,984

Housing plan 2,147 6,914 540 11,133

Social Security taxes 418,297 4,627 78,665 4,765

Unemployment compensation 315,591 176 61,217 284

Worker’s compensation 362,809 484 69,136 522

Other benefits in kind with cash options 37,567 1,564 6,685 2,396

Public 

Retirement plan (vested within 5 years)

1

 194,522 6,743 28,006 8,347

Retirement plan (vested after 5 years)1

 119,401 6,419 18,711 8,355

Medical/dental plans 306,586 7,446 44,126 7,145

Group life insurance 237,156 202 33,337 304

Other insurance benefits 27,626 1,303 3,847 2,273

Guaranteed disability income protection 163,018 281 23,696 487

Tuition plan (dependents only) 26,210 1,609 2,701 2,294

Housing plan 244 393 5 2,400

Social Security taxes 285,838 4,409 42,406 5,145

Unemployment compensation 228,700 149 34,257 141

Worker’s compensation 243,545 493 37,569 482

Other benefits in kind with cash options 21,653 1,523 4,383 2,710

Private not-for-profit 

Retirement plan (vested within 5 years)1

 118,025 7,043 17,917 7,183

Retirement plan (vested after 5 years)1

 6,962 5,410 2,725 4,570

Medical/dental plans 119,609 6,639 20,409 7,006

Group life insurance 124,789 244 19,358 329

Other insurance benefits 12,021 1,045 2,998 1,240

Guaranteed disability income protection 111,147 278 16,122 407

Tuition plan (dependents only) 19,533 9,622 2,941 7,935

Housing plan 1,903 7,750 532 11,161

Social Security taxes 131,844 5,104 21,465 5,145

Unemployment compensation 86,309 247 13,112 431

Worker’s compensation 118,731 466 18,786 616

Other benefits in kind with cash options 15,881 1,620 2,086 1,863

Private for-profit 

Retirement plan (vested within 5 years)1

 411 2,350 5,284 1,521

Retirement plan (vested after 5 years)1

 88 3,207 2,597 1,742

Medical/dental plans 557 5,274 12,601 4,092

Group life insurance 501 700 11,583 171

Other insurance benefits 37 2,359 1,414 738

Guaranteed disability income protection 290 125 7,232 243

Tuition plan (dependents only) 32 2,328 1,047 3,637

Housing plan 0 † 3 20,593

Social Security taxes 615 3,650 14,794 3,126

Unemployment compensation 582 362 13,848 501

Worker’s compensation 533 214 12,781 504

Other benefits in kind with cash options 33 1,032 216 1,153 1

 The retirement plan does not include Social Security. 

NOTE: Although the Salaries section was applicable to degree-granting institutions except for those institutions at which all 

instructional faculty were part time, contributed their services, were in the military, or taught preclinical or clinical medicine, four 

degree-granting institutions reported not only their own data, but data for two non-degree-granting institutions and two 

administrative offices because the data could not be separated by degree-granting status. The four additional entities are included 

in the universe and response rate numbers of the Salaries section. Instructional faculty are those members of the 

instruction/research staff who are employed full time and whose specific assignments customarily are made for the purpose of 

providing instruction or teaching, including those with released time for research. Full-time instructional faculty also include those 

for whom it is not possible to differentiate between instruction or teaching, research, and public service because each of these 

functions is an integral component of their regular assignment. They are reported as “primarily instruction” or “instruction combined 

with research and/or public service” in the full-time non-medical school part of the Employees by Assigned Position section. 

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Integrated Postsecondary Education Data 

System (IPEDS), Winter 2006-07, Human Resources component, Salaries section. 
8
A-1

Appendix A: 

Survey Methodology 

Overview 

The Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS) defines a postsecondary 

institution as an organization that is open to the public and has a primary mission of providing 

education or training beyond the high school level. The primary focus of the IPEDS winter 2006-

07 data collection was to collect data from Title IV institutions. These institutions have Program 

Participation Agreements (PPAs) with the Office of Postsecondary Education (OPE) within the 

U.S. Department of Education and thus are eligible to participate in Title IV student financial aid 

programs. There were 6,784 Title IV institutions1

 and administrative offices located in the 

United States and the other jurisdictions2

 of the United States, such as Puerto Rico, at the 

beginning of the 2006-07 academic year. Nineteen institutions lost Title IV eligibility before the 

winter 2006-07 data collection began, leaving 6,681 institutions and 84 administrative offices. 

IPEDS began collecting data from all postsecondary institutions in 1986, when it superseded the 

Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS), which was directed at institutions of 

higher education only. HEGIS data were collected from 1966 through 1985. In 1992, the focus of 

IPEDS became Title IV institutions, when the Higher Education Amendments made reporting to 

IPEDS mandatory for these institutions. In 2000, IPEDS implemented a web-based data 

collection system with the capability of tailoring data collection screens to each institution. Edits 

were also built into the system to give immediate feedback to the institutions when problems 

were detected. This system has allowed for earlier release of data to institutions and the public, 

primarily through the IPEDS Peer Analysis System and the College Navigator. 

The winter 2006-07 data collection was entirely web-based. Institutions in the universe were 

asked to enter their survey responses using the IPEDS data collection website. The winter 2006-

07 IPEDS data were collected between December 6, 2006, and January 24, 2007. The collection 

of the Human Resources (HR) component had three sections: Employees by Assigned Position 

(EAP), Fall Staff (S), and Salaries (SA). For the winter 2006-07 data collection, only EAP and 

SA were required; S was optional. These three sections were previously separate components but 

were merged into the single HR component beginning with the winter 2005-06 data collection in 

order to simplify reporting and ensure data consistency and accuracy. During the winter 2005-06 

data collection, the glossary and instructions were also restructured based on the new design to 

improve consistency of reporting between sections. For example, prior to 2005-06, institutions 

could classify librarians and counselors as either “Faculty” or “Other professional 

(support/service)”; however, beginning with 2005-06, institutions were instructed to classify 

librarians and counselors as “Other professional (support/service)” only. (For detailed 

information on the primary functions/occupational activities, refer to appendix B, Glossary.) 

 

1

 Includes 6,700 institutions and 84 administrative offices (central or system offices). The administrative offices are 

required to complete the Institutional Characteristics component in the fall, the EAP section of the HR component in 

the winter, and the Finance component in the winter or spring (if they have their own separate budget). 

Administrative offices are required to complete the Fall Staff section of the HR component in odd-numbered years 

such as 2005, but not in even-numbered years such as 2006. The U.S. service academies are included in the number 

of institutions. 

2

 The other jurisdictions surveyed in IPEDS are American Samoa, the Federated States of Micronesia, Guam, the 

Marshall Islands, the Northern Marianas, Palau, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands. 
A-2

Beginning with HR 2005-06, the term “faculty” was changed to “staff whose primary 

responsibility is instruction, research, and/or public service,” but for purposes of this report, the 

term “faculty” will continue to be used. Also, beginning with HR 2005-06, the term “full-time 

instructional faculty” was changed to “full-time instructional staff,” but for purposes of this 

report, the term “full-time instructional faculty” will continue to be used. 

Terminology Used in the IPEDS Web Collection 

Please refer to the glossary provided in appendix B for definitions of various terms. 

Universe, Institutions Surveyed, and Response Rates 

The IPEDS universe is established during the fall collection period. For 2006-07, 52 institutions 

and one administrative office included in prior IPEDS data collections were determined to be 

outside the scope of IPEDS because they were closed or were merged with another institution. 

Additionally, 180 institutions were reported exclusively by a parent institution; 175 institutions 

and three administrative offices were added to the universe. These schools were identified from 

several sources, including a universe review by state coordinators, a review of the data file 

maintained by OPE, and information provided by the institutions themselves. 

According to Section 490 of the Higher Education Amendments of 1992 (P.L. 102- 325), IPEDS 

is mandatory for any institutions that participate in or are applicants for participation in any 

federal financial assistance program authorized by Title IV of the Higher Education Act of 1965, 

as amended (20 USC 1094(a)(17)). Therefore, most of the studies that use IPEDS data 

concentrate on the Title IV institutions, and this group is the main focus of IPEDS. To ensure the 

inclusion of all Title IV participants, the full set of 6,784 Title IV entities in the established 

IPEDS universe was validated by matching it with OPE’s Postsecondary Education Participation 

System (PEPS) file. 

The IPEDS database includes institutions that do not participate in Title IV financial aid 

programs. These institutions are invited to participate in the IPEDS program, and if they 

voluntarily respond to the surveys, the institutions are included in the College Navigator. The 

College Navigator is designed to help college students, prospective students, and their parents 

understand the differences between colleges and how much it costs to attend college. 

Not all Title IV institutions were required to complete all sections of the HR component. 

Nineteen institutions were not required to complete the HR component because they closed 

during the fall 2006 collection year. The EAP section of the HR component was required of all 

Title IV institutions and administrative offices. The Salaries section was required of Title IV 

degree-granting institutions except for those institutions at which all instructional faculty were 

part time, contributed their services, were in the military, or taught preclinical or clinical 

medicine. The Fall Staff section was optional in 2006-07.3

 Of the 6,765 Title IV entities eligible 

for the winter 2006-07 IPEDS collection, all 6,681 institutions and 84 administrative offices 

were eligible for the EAP section, and 4,266 degree-granting institutions were eligible for the 

Salaries section. Although the Salaries section was applicable to degree-granting institutions 

only, four degree-granting institutions reported not only their own data, but data for two nondegree-granting institutions and two administrative offices because the data could not be 

separated by degree-granting status. The four additional entities are included in the universe and 

response rate numbers of the Salaries section. 

 

3

 Fall Staff data are required biannually, for odd-numbered reporting years. 
A-3

Table A-1 provides the number of Title IV institutions and administrative offices and the survey 

response rates for the HR component and the required HR sections for winter 2006-07 by 

degree-granting status and level and control of institution for the United States and other 

jurisdictions. Because Title IV institutions are the primary focus of IPEDS and they are required 

to respond, response rates for Title IV institutions and administrative offices in the winter 2006-

07 IPEDS collection were extremely high. The overall response rate in winter 2006-07 was 99.9 

percent for the HR component. The response rates for the individual required HR sections 

follow: for EAP, the response rate was 99.9 percent, and for Salaries, the response rate was more 

than 99.9 percent. 

Table A-1a provides the number of Title IV institutions and administrative offices and the survey 

response rates for the HR component and the required HR sections for winter 2006-07 by 

degree-granting status and level and control of institution for the United States only (excluding 

any other jurisdictions). 

The National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) requires that the potential for nonresponse 

bias for all institutions (including those in the other jurisdictions) be analyzed for sectors for 

which the response rate was less than 90 percent. As shown in table A-1, no sectors require this 

analysis. 

Although the Fall Staff section was not required in 2006-07, it was available to degree-granting 

institutions and related administrative offices and to non-degree-granting institutions and related 

administrative offices. Overall, 65.3 percent of institutions and administrative offices elected 

voluntarily to respond to the Fall Staff section in 2006-07. By sector, responses rates ranged 

from 52.1 to 76.0 percent, with the lowest percent belonging to 4-year private not-for-profit 

institutions and the highest percent belonging to less-than-2-year public institutions. 

Survey Procedures 

The winter 2006-07 IPEDS data collection was conducted using the IPEDS web-based data 

collection system. Each institution appointed a keyholder, who was the person responsible for 

ensuring that survey data submitted by the institution were correct. The keyholder could generate 

UserIDs and passwords for up to six additional survey respondents who could also enter or 

review data. For many institutions, keyholders were also required to edit and “lock” the data; 

locking is equivalent to submitting completed data to NCES. Additionally, many states or 

systems had one or more coordinators. 

Coordinators are individuals who take responsibility for a specified group of institutions to 

ensure that all data were entered correctly. Some coordinators may be responsible for a system of 

institutions (e.g., SUNY—the State University of New York); others may coordinate all or some 

institutions in a state. Also, coordinators may elect to provide different levels of review. For 

example, some may only view data provided by their institutions, while others may upload, 

review, or lock data for their institutions. 

For the 2006-07 IPEDS data collection, keyholders were asked to register before the fall 2006 

data collection. Registration information, including UserIDs and passwords, was e-mailed to 

existing keyholders in early August. Also in early August, letters were sent to chief executive 

officers (CEOs) at institutions without preregistered keyholders, requesting that they appoint a 

keyholder for the 2006-07 collection year. The package included a letter for the keyholder and a 

registration certificate with the institution’s UserID and password for the entire 2006-07 
A-4

Table A-1. Response rates of Title IV institutions and administrative offices responding to the IPEDS 

winter 2006-07 data collection, by survey component or section, degree-granting status, and 

level and control of institution: United States and other jurisdictions 

Human Resources component Employees by Assigned Position section 

Degree-granting status and level 

and control of institution 

Final 

universe

Number 

responded

Response

 rate (%)

Final 

universe

Number 

responded 

Response 

rate (%)

All institutions 6,765 6,755 99.9 6,765 6,755 99.9

Public 2,106 2,105 100.0 2,106 2,105 100.0

Private not-for-profit 1,904 1,903 99.9 1,904 1,903 99.9

Private for-profit 2,755 2,747 99.7 2,755 2,747 99.7

4-year 2,751 2,749 99.9 2,751 2,749 99.9

Public 701 700 99.9 701 700 99.9

Private not-for-profit 1,588 1,587 99.9 1,588 1,587 99.9

Private for-profit 462 462 100.0 462 462 100.0

2-year 2,253 2,252 100.0 2,253 2,252 100.0

Public 1,188 1,188 100.0 1,188 1,188 100.0

Private not-for-profit 214 214 100.0 214 214 100.0

Private for-profit 851 850 99.9 851 850 99.9

Less-than-2-year 1,761 1,754 99.6 1,761 1,754 99.6

Public 217 217 100.0 217 217 100.0

Private not-for-profit 102 102 100.0 102 102 100.0

Private for-profit 1,442 1,435 99.5 1,442 1,435 99.5

Degree-granting 4,469 4,466 99.9 4,469 4,466 99.9

4-year 2,735 2,733 99.9 2,735 2,733 99.9

Public 700 699 99.9 700 699 99.9

Private not-for-profit 1,573 1,572 99.9 1,573 1,572 99.9

Private for-profit 462 462 100.0 462 462 100.0

2-year 1,734 1,733 99.9 1,734 1,733 99.9

Public 1,085 1,085 100.0 1,085 1,085 100.0

Private not-for-profit 110 110 100.0 110 110 100.0

Private for-profit 539 538 99.8 539 538 99.8

Non-degree-granting 2,296 2,289 99.7 2,296 2,289 99.7

4-year1

 16 16 100.0 16 16 100.0

Public 1 1 100.0 1 1 100.0

Private not-for-profit 15 15 100.0 15 15 100.0

Private for-profit † † † † † †

2-year 519 519 100.0 519 519 100.0

Public 103 103 100.0 103 103 100.0

Private not-for-profit 104 104 100.0 104 104 100.0

Private for-profit 312 312 100.0 312 312 100.0

Less-than-2-year 1,761 1,754 99.6 1,761 1,754 99.6

Public 217 217 100.0 217 217 100.0

Private not-for-profit 102 102 100.0 102 102 100.0

Private for-profit 1,442 1,435 99.5 1,442 1,435 99.5

 

See notes at end of table. 
A-5

Table A-1. Response rates of Title IV institutions and administrative offices responding to the IPEDS 

winter 2006-07 data collection, by survey component or section, degree-granting status, and 

level and control of institution: United States and other jurisdictions—Continued 

Salaries section 

Degree-granting status and level 

and control of institution 

Final 

universe 

Number 

responded

Response 

rate (%) 

 

All institutions 4,2702,3 4,267 99.9

 

Public 1,7082,3 1,707 99.9

Private not-for-profit 1,625 1,624 99.9

Private for-profit 937 936 99.9

4-year 2,597 2,595 99.9

Public 653 652 99.8

Private not-for-profit 1,520 1,519 99.9

Private for-profit 424 424 100.0

2-year 1,6712

 1,670 99.9

Public 1,0532 1,053 100.0

Private not-for-profit 105 105 100.0

Private for-profit 513 512 99.8

Less-than-2-year 23

 2 100.0

Public 23

 2 100.0

Private not-for-profit † † †

Private for-profit † † †

 

Degree-granting 4,2682 4,265 99.9

 

4-year 2,597 2,595 99.9

Public 653 652 99.8

Private not-for-profit 1,520 1,519 99.9

Private for-profit 424 424 100.0

2-year 1,6712

 1,670 99.9

Public 1,0532

 1,053 100.0

Private not-for-profit 105 105 100.0

Private for-profit 513 512 99.8

 

Non-degree-granting 23

 2 100.0

 

4-year1

 † † †

Public † † †

Private not-for-profit † † †

Private for-profit † † †

2-year † † †

Public † † †

Private not-for-profit † † †

Private for-profit † † †

Less-than-2-year 23

 2 100.0

Public 23

 2 100.0

Private not-for-profit † † †

Private for-profit † † †

† Not applicable. 

1 These institutions grant certificates at the postbaccalaureate and post-master’s levels; they do not award degrees. 2

 The Salaries section became applicable to two administrative offices serving 2-year public institutions because two degreegranting institutions could not separate their faculty data by degree-granting status. 3

 The Salaries section became applicable to two non-degree-granting institutions because two degree-granting institutions could not 

separate their faculty data by degree-granting status. 

NOTE: The Employees by Assigned Position section was applicable to all institutions and administrative offices. Although the 

Salaries section was applicable to degree-granting institutions except for those institutions at which all instructional faculty were part 

time, contributed their services, were in the military, or taught preclinical or clinical medicine, four degree-granting institutions 

reported not only their own data, but data for two non-degree-granting institutions and two administrative offices because the data 

could not be separated by degree-granting status. The four additional entities are included in the universe and response rate 

numbers of the Salaries section. Data were imputed for all Human Resources nonrespondents. The other jurisdictions include 

American Samoa, the Federated States of Micronesia, Guam, the Marshall Islands, the Northern Marianas, Palau, Puerto Rico, and 

the Virgin Islands. 

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Integrated Postsecondary Education Data 

System (IPEDS), Winter 2006-07. 
A-6

Table A-1a. Response rates of Title IV institutions and administrative offices responding to the IPEDS 

winter 2006-07 data collection, by survey component or section, degree-granting status, and 

level and control of institution: United States 

Human Resources component Employees by Assigned Position section 

Degree-granting status and level 

and control of institution 

Final 

universe

Number 

responded

Response

 rate (%)

Final 

universe

Number 

responded 

Response 

rate (%)

All institutions 6,598 6,593 99.9 6,598 6,593 99.9

Public 2,080 2,079 100.0 2,080 2,079 100.0

Private not-for-profit 1,849 1,848 99.9 1,849 1,848 99.9

Private for-profit 2,669 2,666 99.9 2,669 2,666 99.9

4-year 2,686 2,684 99.9 2,686 2,684 99.9

Public 683 682 99.9 683 682 99.9

Private not-for-profit 1,549 1,548 99.9 1,549 1,548 99.9

Private for-profit 454 454 100.0 454 454 100.0

2-year 2,230 2,229 100.0 2,230 2,229 100.0

Public 1,180 1,180 100.0 1,180 1,180 100.0

Private not-for-profit 210 210 100.0 210 210 100.0

Private for-profit 840 839 99.9 840 839 99.9

Less-than-2-year 1,682 1,680 99.9 1,682 1,680 99.9

Public 217 217 100.0 217 217 100.0

Private not-for-profit 90 90 100.0 90 90 100.0

Private for-profit 1,375 1,373 99.9 1,375 1,373 99.9

Degree-granting 4,382 4,379 99.9 4,382 4,379 99.9

4-year 2,670 2,668 99.9 2,670 2,668 99.9

Public 682 681 99.9 682 681 99.9

Private not-for-profit 1,534 1,533 99.9 1,534 1,533 99.9

Private for-profit 454 454 100.0 454 454 100.0

2-year 1,712 1,711 99.9 1,712 1,711 99.9

Public 1,077 1,077 100.0 1,077 1,077 100.0

Private not-for-profit 106 106 100.0 106 106 100.0

Private for-profit 529 528 99.8 529 528 99.8

Non-degree-granting 2,216 2,214 99.9 2,216 2,214 99.9

4-year1

 16 16 100.0 16 16 100.0

Public 1 1 100.0 1 1 100.0

Private not-for-profit 15 15 100.0 15 15 100.0

Private for-profit † † † † † †

2-year 518 518 100.0 518 518 100.0

Public 103 103 100.0 103 103 100.0

Private not-for-profit 104 104 100.0 104 104 100.0

Private for-profit 311 311 100.0 311 311 100.0

Less-than-2-year 1,682 1,680 99.9 1,682 1,680 99.9

Public 217 217 100.0 217 217 100.0

Private not-for-profit 90 90 100.0 90 90 100.0

Private for-profit 1,375 1,373 99.9 1,375 1,373 99.9

 

See notes at end of table. 
A-7

Table A-1a. Response rates of Title IV institutions and administrative offices responding to the IPEDS 

winter 2006-07 data collection, by survey component or section, degree-granting status, and 

level and control of institution: United States—Continued 

Salaries section 

Degree-granting status and level 

and control of institution 

Final 

universe 

Number 

responded

Response 

rate (%) 

 

All institutions 4,1882,3 4,185 99.9

 

Public 1,6832,3 1,682 99.9

Private not-for-profit 1,586 1,585 99.9

Private for-profit 919 918 99.9

4-year 2,537 2,535 99.9

Public 636 635 99.8

Private not-for-profit 1,485 1,484 99.9

Private for-profit 416 416 100.0

2-year 1,6492 1,648 99.9

Public 1,0452

 1,045 100.0

Private not-for-profit 101 101 100.0

Private for-profit 503 502 99.8

Less-than-2-year 23

 2 100.0

Public 23

 2 100.0

Private not-for-profit † † †

Private for-profit † † †

 

Degree-granting 4,1862

 4,183 99.9

 

4-year 2,537 2,535 99.9

Public 636 635 99.8

Private not-for-profit 1,485 1,484 99.9

Private for-profit 416 416 100.0

2-year 1,6492

 1,648 99.9

Public 1,0452

 1,045 100.0

Private not-for-profit 101 101 100.0

Private for-profit 503 502 99.8

 

Non-degree-granting 23 2 100.0

 

4-year1

 † † †

Public † † †

Private not-for-profit † † †

Private for-profit † † †

2-year † † †

Public † † †

Private not-for-profit † † †

Private for-profit † † †

Less-than-2-year 23 2 100.0

Public 23 2 100.0

Private not-for-profit † † †

Private for-profit † † †

† Not applicable. 

1 These institutions grant certificates at the postbaccalaureate and post-master’s levels; they do not award degrees. 2

 The Salaries section became applicable to two administrative offices serving 2-year public institutions because two degreegranting institutions could not separate their faculty data by degree-granting status. 3

 The Salaries section became applicable to two non-degree-granting institutions because two degree-granting institutions could not 

separate their faculty data by degree-granting status. 

NOTE: The Employees by Assigned Position section was applicable to all institutions and administrative offices. Although the 

Salaries section was applicable to degree-granting institutions except for those institutions at which all instructional faculty were part 

time, contributed their services, were in the military, or taught preclinical or clinical medicine, four degree-granting institutions 

reported not only their own data, but data for two non-degree-granting institutions and two administrative offices because the data 

could not be separated by degree-granting status. The four additional entities are included in the universe and response rate 

numbers of the Salaries section. Data were imputed for all Human Resources nonrespondents. 

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Integrated Postsecondary Education Data 

System (IPEDS), Winter 2006-07. 
A-8

collection period. Subsequent registration mailings were sent in late August and late September 

to CEOs of institutions at which a keyholder had still not been registered. At the beginning of the 

winter and spring collections, in early December and early March, respectively, e-mail messages 

were sent to registered keyholders and coordinators requesting that they update or confirm their 

registration contact information when the collections opened. Schools were allowed to designate 

a new keyholder at any time during the collection year, if needed. As with previous IPEDS 

studies, follow-up for nonresponse was conducted with CEOs, coordinators, and keyholders via 

mail, e-mail, and telephone throughout all three collection periods. 

The web-based survey instruments offered many features designed to improve the quality and 

timeliness of the data. As indicated previously, survey respondents were required to register 

before entering 2006-07 data to ensure a point of contact between NCES/IPEDS and the 

institution. 

Online data entry forms were tailored to each institution based on characteristics such as degreegranting status and presence of a medical school. When data from previous years were available 

for an institution, they were preloaded on the customized forms for easy reference and 

comparison purposes. Once the 2006-07 data were entered, either manually or through file 

upload, the keyholders were required to run edit checks and resolve all errors before they were 

able to lock their data. Once data were locked, they were considered submitted, regardless of 

whether or not the coordinator had reviewed the submission. 

Once the data were complete and all locks were applied, IPEDS help desk staff conducted a final 

review. If any additional problems were detected, the help desk staff contacted the institutions to 

resolve any remaining questions. Once all problems were resolved, the final data were migrated 

to the Peer Analysis System, where they were made available to other responding institutions for 

comparison purposes. Because of confidentiality issues, Fall Staff and Salaries data were 

perturbed during the migration process to protect any individually identifiable information. 

Survey Sections 

Human Resources 

The Human Resources (HR) component is comprised of three sections: Employees by Assigned 

Position (EAP), Fall Staff, and Salaries. A description of each HR section follows. 

Employees by Assigned Position (EAP) 

This section of the HR component was required by all Title IV institutions and administrative 

offices for winter 2006-07. The EAP section categorizes all staff on the institution’s payroll as of 

November 1 of the collection year, by employment status (full or part time), faculty status, and 

primary function/occupational activity. The medical school pages of EAP were applicable to 

institutions with M.D. and/or D.O. programs only. Employees affiliated with (housed in or under 

the authority of) the medical school were reported with the medical school. For example, if an 

institution’s medical school employees were housed with the institution’s employees in other 

health-related disciplines (e.g., dentistry, veterinary medicine, nursing), the institution was 

instructed to report both sets of employees in the medical school part of the EAP section and list 

the other health-related disciplines in the designated comment box in the EAP section. 

Employees who were in health disciplines that were not considered part of the medical school 

were reported in the non-medical school part of EAP.
A-9

The primary functions/occupational activities of the EAP section are: primarily instruction, 

instruction combined with research and/or public service, primarily research, and primarily 

public service), executive/administrative/managerial, other professionals (support/service), 

graduate assistants, technical and paraprofessionals, clerical and secretarial, skilled crafts, and 

service/maintenance. If, by institutional definition, a staff member has faculty status, the staff 

member is categorized according to tenure status: with tenure, on tenure track, or not on tenure 

track/no tenure system. If a staff member does not have faculty status, he or she is counted in the 

“without faculty status” category. 

All full-time instructional faculty classified in the EAP full time non-medical school part as 

either (1) primarily instruction or (2) instruction combined with research and/or public service 

are included in the Salaries section, unless they are exempted because of one of the exclusions 

noted in the description of the Salaries section on the next page. 

Fall Staff 

This section of the HR component is required in odd-numbered years (e.g., staff in fall 2005) and 

optional in even-numbered years (e.g., 2006). There are three different versions of the Fall Staff 

section and applicability to each version is determined by the degree-granting status of an 

institution and/or the number of full-time staff. The descriptions of the three versions of Fall 

Staff are listed below. 

1. Degree-granting institutions and related administrative offices that have 15 or more fulltime staff complete the long version of Fall Staff. This version collects the number of 

staff by employment status (full time and part time), gender, race/ethnicity, faculty status, 

contract length, academic rank, salary class intervals, and primary function/occupational 

activity. This version also collects data on newly hired full-time permanent staff. The 

long version includes the following six parts: 

Part G: Faculty and tenure status of full-time faculty by racial/ethnic category, gender, 

and academic rank; 

Part H: Full-time faculty by racial/ethnic category, gender, contract length, and salary 

class intervals; 

Part I: All other full-time staff by racial/ethnic category, gender, primary function/ 

occupational activity, and salary class intervals; 

Part J: Part-time staff by racial/ethnic category, gender, and primary function/ 

occupational activity; 

Part K: Summary of full-time and part-time staff by racial/ethnic category and gender; 

and 

Part L: New hires by racial/ethnic category, gender, and primary function/occupational 

activity. 

2. Degree-granting institutions and related administrative offices that have less than 15 fulltime staff complete one of the short versions of Fall Staff. The short version completed by 

this group of institutions and administrative offices collects the number of staff by 

employment status (full time and part time), gender, race/ethnicity, and primary 

function/occupational activity. (Data entry screens to report graduate assistants are 

included in this version.). This is the first year that Fall Staff was applicable to 

institutions and related administrative offices that had less than 15 full-time staff. This 

version includes the following three parts: 
A-10

Part G: Full-time staff by racial/ethnic category, gender, and primary function/ 

occupational activity; 

Part H: Part-time staff by racial/ethnic category, gender, and primary function/ 

occupational activity4

; and 

Part I: Summary of full-time and part-time staff by racial/ethnic category and gender. 

3. Non-degree-granting institutions and related administrative offices complete the other 

short version of Fall Staff. This short version collects the number of staff by employment 

status (full time and part time), gender, race/ethnicity, and primary function/occupational 

activity; however, data entry screens to report graduate assistants are not included in this 

version. The following parts are included in this version: 

Part D: Full-time staff by racial/ethnic category, gender, and primary function/ 

occupational activity; 

Part E: Part-time staff by racial/ethnic category, gender, and primary function/ 

occupational activity5

; and 

Part F: Summary of full-time and part-time staff by racial/ethnic category and gender. 

In all versions of the Fall Staff section, data are collected for staff on the payroll of the institution 

as of November 1 of the collection year.6 While most of the primary functions/occupational 

activities in the Fall Staff section are the same as the primary functions/occupational activities in 

the EAP section, the “faculty” job category is the exception to this rule. The “faculty” reported in 

the Fall Staff section is equivalent to the group of people reported in the EAP section as 

primarily instruction, instruction combined with research and/or public service, primarily 

research, and primarily public service. 

Salaries 

This section of the HR component collects data on full-time instructional faculty—that is, those 

persons classified as either primarily instruction or instruction combined with research and/or 

public service (except those in medical schools of the EAP section, as described above). 

Although the Salaries section is required by Title IV degree-granting institutions except for those 

institutions at which all instructional faculty are part time, contribute their services, are in the 

military, or teach preclinical or clinical medicine, four degree-granting institutions reported not 

only their own data, but data for two non-degree-granting institutions and two administrative 

offices because the data could not be separated by degree-granting status. The four additional 

entities are included in the universe and response rate numbers of the Salaries section. The data 

are current as of November 1 of the collection year and include all full-time instructional faculty 

on the payroll. 

Part D of the Salaries section collects the number of full-time instructional faculty on less-than9-month, 9/10-month, and 11/12-month contracts by gender and academic rank (professor, 

associate professor, assistant professor, instructor, lecturer, and no academic rank). For winter 

2006-07, Part D also began collecting the number of full-time instructional faculty on 9/10-

month and 11/12-month contracts by faculty status, gender, and academic rank from 4-year 

degree-granting institutions. Prior to 2006-07, data by faculty status were last collected in the 

 

4

 Includes data entry screens to report graduate assistants. 5

 Excludes data entry screens to report graduate assistants. 6

 There are slightly different reporting requirements for the new hires part of the long version of Fall Staff. For more 

information on new hires, refer to the glossary (appendix B). 
A-11

Salaries component in 1999-2000. Since the collection of data by faculty status in the Salaries 

section was reinstituted for 2006-07, the reporting of the data was optional for 2006-07, but will 

be required in 2007-08. Part E collects the salary outlays associated with the full-time 

instructional faculty on 9/10-month and 11/12-month contracts reported in part D, by gender and 

academic rank (professor, associate professor, assistant professor, instructor, lecturer, and no 

academic rank). Part F collects data on the fringe benefit expenditures and the number of fulltime instructional faculty on 9/10-month and 11/12-month contracts covered by these benefits. 

Types of fringe benefits included are retirement plans, medical/dental plans, group life insurance, 

other insurance benefits, guaranteed disability income protection, tuition plan (dependents only), 

housing plan, employer portion of Social Security taxes, unemployment compensation, worker’s 

compensation, and other benefits in kind with cash options. 

Note: The tables included in this First Look use “adjusted” faculty salaries (salaries equated to 9-

month contracts). Total salary outlays for full-time instructional faculty (by rank) on 11/12-

month contracts were adjusted to 9/10-month outlays by multiplying the outlay for 11/12-month 

contracted faculty by 0.8182. The “equated” outlays were then added to the outlays for 9/10-

month faculty, and the resulting sum was then divided by the total number of faculty to 

determine an average salary for each rank. Salaries for faculty on less-than-9-month contracts 

were not collected. 

Edit Procedures 

Edit checks were built into the web-based instrument to detect major reporting errors. The 

system automatically generated average salaries or totals for each section (as required), and edit 

checks compared current responses to previously reported data. The edit checks could be run at 

any time during the collection. As edit checks were executed, survey respondents were allowed 

to correct any errors detected by the system. If data were entered correctly but failed the edit 

checks, the survey respondents were asked either to confirm that the data were correct as entered 

or to explain why the data appeared to be out of the expected data range. All edit checks had to 

be resolved (confirmed, explained, or corrected) before the survey could be locked. Survey 

respondents were also provided with boxes to explain any special circumstances that might not 

be evident in their reported data and to report staff members who were difficult to categorize. In 

addition, the data were manually reviewed for additional inconsistencies by coordinators (when 

applicable) and the IPEDS help desk staff. When necessary, keyholders were contacted to verify 

the accuracy of the data. 

For the EAP, Fall Staff, and Salaries sections, current year data (winter 2006-07) were compared 

to the previous year’s data (winter 2005-06) and large discrepancies had to be explained. If an 

institution elected not to complete the Fall Staff section for winter 2006-07, which was an 

optional reporting year for Fall Staff, the current year to prior year edits were not performed. In 

addition, for the Salaries section, average salaries were calculated, and checks were in place for 

unusually high or unusually low averages. The number of full-time instructional faculty 

receiving fringe benefits could not exceed the total number of full-time instructional faculty by 

contract length, except for the tuition plan (dependents only) benefit.7

 The number of full-time 

 

7

 The number of persons reported for the tuition plan (dependents only) benefit represents the number of dependents 

(e.g., children, spouse, etc.) of full-time instructional faculty receiving tuition benefits, rather than the number of 

full-time instructional faculty receiving this benefit. For example, if a full-time instructional faculty member is 

receiving tuition benefits and two children of the same faculty member are also receiving tuition benefits, the two 

children should be reported in the "tuition plan (dependents only)" benefit category; however, the faculty member 

should not be reported in this case.) 
A-12

instructional faculty in the Salaries section had to be equal to the number of full-time nonmedical school faculty reported as either primarily instruction or instruction combined with 

research and/or public service in the EAP section and less than or equal to the number of fulltime faculty in the Fall Staff section (if reported). 

Imputation Procedures 

All required sections of the HR component were subject to imputation for nonresponse. The EAP 

and Salaries data for Title IV institutions were imputed for both total (institutional) nonresponse 

and partial (item) nonresponse. The imputation base was restricted to institutions satisfying the 

following conditions: 

• The institution must participate in Title IV student financial aid programs. 

• The institution must be currently active8

 in IPEDS.

• The institution must not be a child institution (a child institution’s data are reported by 

another institution, referred to as the “parent”).

• For the Salaries section, the institution must be a degree-granting institution. 

• For the Salaries section, the institution’s instructional faculty must not all fall into one of the 

following categories: 

− Instructional faculty that are employed on a part-time basis. 

− Instructional faculty that contribute their services. 

− Instructional faculty that are military personnel. 

− Instructional faculty that teach preclinical or clinical medicine. 

The HR component was imputed using 65 imputation groups as necessary to ensure imputed data 

were donated from institutions with characteristics similar to those of the nonresponding 

institution. The imputation groups were formed based primarily on institutional sector and 

undergraduate, graduate, and first-professional offerings. 

The following imputation methods9

 were used to impute missing data in the HR component: 

• Carry Forward—Reported prior year data were carried forward to the current year. The prior 

year data were used as the base value for the imputation. To adjust for year-to-year change, 

the base value was then multiplied by an adjustment ratio for each section of the HR 

component. The adjustment ratio varied depending on the data being imputed. For employee 

counts, the adjustment factor used was the ratio of total staff reported in the current year to 

those reported in the prior year in EAP, within the imputation group. For salary outlays and 

benefit expenditures, an inflation adjustment was used. This ratio is total salary outlays (or 

benefit expenditures) in the current year to total salary outlays (or benefit expenditures) in the 

prior year, within the imputation group. 

• Nearest Neighbor—Previous year Fall Enrollment data were used to determine the distance 

between an imputee and a potential donor. The distance measure was full-time equivalent 

(FTE) enrollment, defined as (1/3 × part-time students) + (full-time students). Each nearest 

neighbor imputee was imputed with the current year HR data from the donor in the same 

 

8

 Institutions that did not respond were verified as currently active (open for business) prior to imputation through 

telephone calls or e-mail. 

9

 Imputation methods are listed in order of preferred usage. If data are not available for application of one method, 

the next method is used. 
A-13

imputation group with the nearest value of the distance measure. The donor’s data values 

were multiplied by the ratio of the imputee’s distance measure to the donor’s distance 

measure. 

• Group Median—If insufficient prior year data were available to perform any of the 

previously described methods, the group median method was used. For each imputation 

group, the sum of all full-time staff and one-third of the part-time staff was calculated for 

each institution. The institution with the median value of this measure within each imputation 

group was the donor institution. 

For the EAP section, table A-2 depicts information on the total number of staff along with the 

number and percentages of staff that were imputed for all Title IV institutions and administrative 

offices in the United States, by control of institution, employment status, primary 

function/occupational activity, degree-granting status, and medical school staff status. 

For the Salaries section, table A-3 depicts the total salary outlays along with the amounts and 

percentages that were imputed for Title IV degree-granting institutions in the United States, by 

control of institution, contract length, gender, and academic rank. Table A-4 provides the total 

fringe benefit expenditures along with the amounts and percentages that were imputed for Title 

IV degree-granting institutions in the United States, by control of institution, contract length, and 

fringe benefit type. 

Data Perturbation and Confidentiality 

Under law, data collected under a pledge of confidentiality and distributed by NCES may be 

used only for statistical purposes. Any effort to determine the identity of any reported case by 

public-use data users is prohibited by law. Violations are subject to Class E felony charges of a 

fine up to $250,000 and/or a prison term up to 5 years.

In order to preserve the confidentiality of individuals’ salaries, data in the Fall Staff and Salaries 

data files are subject to perturbation. Perturbation of the salaries data was performed in such a 

manner that the average salaries by institutional level were not affected by perturbation. All 

salaries data in this report are based on the perturbed data. Fall Staff and Salaries data included in 

the Peer Analysis System are perturbed. 
A-14

Table A-2. Staff, number of staff imputed, and percentages imputed for all Title IV institutions and administrative offices, 

by control of institution, employment status, primary function/occupational activity, degree-granting status, 

and medical school staff status: United States, fall 2006 

Total Public Private not-for-profit Private for-profit 

Imputed Imputed Imputed Imputed 

Employment status, primary 

function/occupational activity, 

degree-granting status, and 

medical school staff status Staff Number Percent Staff Number Percent Staff Number Percent Staff Number Percent

Total1 3,535,676 1,132 # 2,331,956 958 # 1,008,298 66 # 195,422 108 0.1

 

Full-time staff 2,284,261 978 # 1,473,371 878 0.1 711,257 31 # 99,633 69 0.1

Primarily instruction 462,479 35 # 296,607 0 0.0 138,341 3 # 27,531 32 0.1

Instruction/research/public 

service 183,920 360 0.2 128,892 359 0.3 52,932 1 # 2,096 0 0.0

Primarily research 46,838 0 0.0 28,879 0 0.0 17,934 0 0.0 25 0 0.0

Primarily public service 16,069 0 0.0 10,994 0 0.0 4,974 0 0.0 101 0 0.0

Executive/administrative/ 

managerial 205,920 181 0.1 101,590 154 0.2 86,268 15 # 18,062 12 0.1

Other professional 

(support/service) 601,334 52 # 396,649 43 # 177,274 0 0.0 27,411 9 #

Technical and 

paraprofessionals 158,730 46 # 112,557 44 # 42,146 0 0.0 4,027 2 #

Clerical and secretarial 355,963 130 # 222,205 110 # 115,503 7 # 18,255 13 0.1

Skilled crafts 59,611 57 0.1 45,037 57 0.1 14,448 0 0.0 126 0 0.0

Service/maintenance 193,397 117 0.1 129,961 111 0.1 61,437 5 # 1,999 1 0.1

 

Part-time staff 1,251,415 154 # 858,585 80 # 297,041 35 # 95,789 39 #

Primarily instruction 579,305 61 # 350,503 0 0.0 140,839 27 # 87,963 34 #

Instruction/research/public 

service 59,663 48 0.1 42,068 48 0.1 16,858 0 0.0 737 0 0.0

Primarily research 9,990 0 0.0 6,723 0 0.0 3,253 0 0.0 14 0 0.0

Primarily public service 6,457 0 0.0 5,002 0 0.0 1,419 0 0.0 36 0 0.0

Executive/administrative/ 

managerial 7,155 6 0.1 3,243 6 0.2 3,133 0 0.0 779 0 0.0

Other professional 

(support/service) 92,932 0 0.0 63,756 0 0.0 27,358 0 0.0 1,818 0 0.0

Graduate assistants2

 322,218 0 0.0 262,053 0 0.0 60,072 0 0.0 93 0 0.0

Technical and 

paraprofessionals 38,534 8 # 30,458 7 # 7,476 1 # 600 0 0.0

Clerical and secretarial 94,534 19 # 69,001 10 # 22,903 5 # 2,630 4 0.2

Skilled crafts 3,014 0 0.0 2,244 0 0.0 698 0 0.0 72 0 0.0

Service/maintenance 37,613 12 # 23,534 9 # 13,032 2 # 1,047 1 0.1

 

Degree-granting 3,466,286 1,106 # 2,309,503 958 # 997,761 66 # 159,022 82 0.1

Non-degree-granting 69,390 26 # 22,453 0 0.0 10,537 0 0.0 36,400 26 0.1

 

Staff (except those in medical 

schools) 3,199,331 1,132 # 2,141,780 958 # 862,129 66 # 195,422 108 0.1

Medical school employees 336,345 0 0.0 190,176 0 0.0 146,169 0 0.0 † † †

† Not applicable. 

# Rounds to zero. 

1

 Data are for all institutions and administrative offices. 

2

 By definition, graduate assistants are part-time. 

NOTE: Table is restricted to U.S. institutions only. For institutions in other jurisdictions, 114 of 38,261 staff were imputed.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), Winter 

2006-07, Human Resources component, Employees by Assigned Position section. 
A-15

Table A-3. Salary outlays, amounts imputed, and percentages imputed for Title IV degree-granting institutions, by 

control of institution, contract length, gender, and academic rank: United States, academic year 2006-07 

[Salary amounts are in thousands of dollars] 

Total1

 Public Private not-for-profit Private for-profit 

Gender and academic Imputed Imputed Imputed Imputed 

rank 

Salary 

outlays Amount Percent 

Salary 

outlays Amount Percent

Salary 

outlays Amount Percent 

Salary 

outlays Amount Percent

 

 9/10-month contract 

 

Total $31,777,224 $36,939 0.1 $21,755,312 $36,939 0.2 $9,984,932 $0 0.0 $36,981 $0 0.0

 

Men 19,777,506 27,004 0.1 13,248,599 27,004 0.2 6,508,888 0 0.0 20,019 0 0.0

Professor 9,053,952 14,018 0.2 5,652,627 14,018 0.2 3,393,332 0 0.0 7,994 0 0.0

Associate 4,339,162 7,410 0.2 2,807,422 7,410 0.3 1,530,412 0 0.0 1,328 0 0.0

Assistant professor 3,466,381 5,213 0.2 2,305,780 5,213 0.2 1,158,624 0 0.0 1,977 0 0.0

Instructor 1,593,309 363 # 1,440,635 363 # 144,619 0 0.0 8,055 0 0.0

Lecturer 488,168 0 0.0 349,320 0 0.0 138,811 0 0.0 37 0 0.0

No academic rank 836,534 0 0.0 692,816 0 0.0 143,090 0 0.0 628 0 0.0

 

Women 11,999,718 9,935 0.1 8,506,712 9,935 0.1 3,476,044 0 0.0 16,962 0 0.0

Professor 2,951,613 4,417 0.1 1,916,572 4,417 0.2 1,030,903 0 0.0 4,138 0 0.0

Associate 2,787,653 2,643 0.1 1,816,028 2,643 0.1 970,034 0 0.0 1,592 0 0.0

Assistant professor 2,983,009 2,408 0.1 1,949,226 2,408 0.1 1,029,735 0 0.0 4,047 0 0.0

Instructor 1,850,401 467 # 1,653,974 467 # 190,344 0 0.0 6,084 0 0.0

Lecturer 544,388 0 0.0 403,736 0 0.0 140,615 0 0.0 37 0 0.0

No academic rank 882,654 0 0.0 767,177 0 0.0 114,413 0 0.0 1,064 0 0.0

 

 11/12-month contract 

 

Total 6,641,713 2,843 # 4,102,425 2,588 0.1 1,789,930 255 # 749,359 0 0.0

 

Men 4,129,052 2,494 0.1 2,585,894 2,301 0.1 1,101,954 193 # 441,204 0 0.0

Professor 1,772,514 2,494 0.1 1,287,567 2,301 0.2 448,883 193 # 36,065 0 0.0

Associate 736,576 0 0.0 472,638 0 0.0 245,714 0 0.0 18,224 0 0.0

Assistant professor 522,562 0 0.0 311,651 0 0.0 196,008 0 0.0 14,903 0 0.0

Instructor 632,323 0 0.0 238,985 0 0.0 78,517 0 0.0 314,821 0 0.0

Lecturer 125,898 0 0.0 108,686 0 0.0 17,144 0 0.0 67 0 0.0

No academic rank 339,180 0 0.0 166,368 0 0.0 115,688 0 0.0 57,124 0 0.0

 

Women 2,512,661 349 # 1,516,531 288 # 687,976 62 # 308,154 0 0.0

Professor 510,822 349 0.1 351,569 288 0.1 144,760 62 # 14,493 0 0.0

Associate 479,197 0 0.0 303,863 0 0.0 165,169 0 0.0 10,165 0 0.0

Assistant professor 529,676 0 0.0 310,028 0 0.0 210,039 0 0.0 9,610 0 0.0

Instructor 597,160 0 0.0 292,221 0 0.0 79,273 0 0.0 225,666 0 0.0

Lecturer 104,663 0 0.0 88,606 0 0.0 14,549 0 0.0 1,508 0 0.0

No academic rank 291,144 0 0.0 170,244 0 0.0 74,186 0 0.0 46,713 0 0.0

# Rounds to zero. 

1

 Although the Salaries section was applicable to degree-granting institutions except for those institutions at which all instructional faculty were part time, 

contributed their services, were in the military, or taught preclinical or clinical medicine, four degree-granting institutions reported not only their own data, 

but data for two non-degree-granting institutions and two administrative offices because the data could not be separated by degree-granting status. The 

four additional entities are included in the universe and response rate numbers of the Salaries section. 

NOTE: Table is restricted to U.S. institutions only. No salary outlays were imputed for institutions in other jurisdictions. 

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), Winter 

2006-07, Human Resources component, Salaries section. 
A-16

Table A-4. Fringe benefit expenditures, amounts imputed, and percentages imputed for Title IV degree-granting institutions, 

by control of institution, contract length, and benefit type: United States, academic year 2006-07 

[Expenditure amounts are in thousands of dollars] 

Total1 Public Private not-for-profit Private for-profit 

Imputed Imputed Imputed Imputed 

Fringe benefit type 

Expenditures Amount Percent Expenditures Amount Percent Expenditures Amount Percent Expenditures Amount Percent

 

 9/10-month contract 

Retirement plans—

vested within 5 

years $2,143,946 $0 0.0 $1,311,703 $0 0.0 $831,277 $0 0.0 $966 $0 0.0

Retirement plans—

vested after 5 years 804,351 4,760 0.6 766,405 4,760 0.6 37,663 0 0.0 282 0 0.0

Medical/dental plans 3,079,871 1,370 # 2,282,877 1,370 0.1 794,057 0 0.0 2,938 0 0.0

Group life insurance 78,660 6 # 47,893 6 # 30,416 0 0.0 351 0 0.0

Other insurance 

benefits 48,647 0 0.0 35,998 0 0.0 12,562 0 0.0 87 0 0.0

Guaranteed disability 

income protection 76,796 0 0.0 45,865 0 0.0 30,895 0 0.0 36 0 0.0

Tuition plan 230,210 0 0.0 42,181 0 0.0 187,954 0 0.0 74 0 0.0

Housing plan 14,844 0 0.0 96 0 0.0 14,748 0 0.0 † † †

Social Security taxes 1,935,275 43 # 1,260,140 43 # 672,890 0 0.0 2,245 0 0.0

Unemployment 

compensation 55,698 0 0.0 34,145 0 0.0 21,342 0 0.0 210 0 0.0

Worker’s 

compensation 175,765 0 0.0 120,364 0 0.0 55,287 0 0.0 114 0 0.0

Other benefits in kind 

with cash options 58,745 0 0.0 32,982 0 0.0 25,729 0 0.0 34 0 0.0

 

 11/12-month contract 

Retirement plans—

vested within 5 

years 370,486 1 # 233,760 0 0.0 128,691 1 # 8,035 0 0.0

Retirement plans—

vested after 5 years 173,315 359 0.2 156,336 359 0.2 12,454 0 0.0 4,524 0 0.0

Medical/dental plans 509,835 63 # 315,288 63 # 142,978 # # 51,569 0 0.0

Group life insurance 18,496 # # 10,134 # # 6,378 # # 1,984 0 0.0

Other insurance 

benefits 13,504 # # 8,743 0 0.0 3,717 # # 1,044 0 0.0

Guaranteed disability 

income protection 19,848 0 0.0 11,532 0 0.0 6,558 0 0.0 1,758 0 0.0

Tuition plan 33,341 0 0.0 6,195 0 0.0 23,338 0 0.0 3,808 0 0.0

Housing plan 6,012 0 0.0 12 0 0.0 5,938 0 0.0 62 0 0.0

Social Security taxes 374,852 9 # 218,160 8 # 110,439 1 # 46,253 0 0.0

Unemployment 

compensation 17,415 2 # 4,836 0 0.0 5,647 2 # 6,932 0 0.0

Worker’s 

compensation 36,120 2 # 18,095 0 0.0 11,581 2 # 6,443 0 0.0

Other benefits in kind 

with cash options 16,014 0 0.0 11,879 0 0.0 3,886 0 0.0 249 0 0.0

† Not applicable. 

# Rounds to zero. 

1

 Although the Salaries section was applicable to degree-granting institutions except for those institutions at which all instructional faculty were part time, 

contributed their services, were in the military, or taught preclinical or clinical medicine, four degree-granting institutions reported not only their own data, but 

data for two non-degree-granting institutions and two administrative offices because the data could not be separated by degree-granting status. The four 

additional entities are included in the universe and response rate numbers of the Salaries section. 

NOTE: Table is restricted to U.S. institutions only. No expenditures were imputed for institutions in other jurisdictions. 

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), Winter 2006-07, 

Human Resources component, Salaries section. 
B-1

Appendix B: 

Glossary of IPEDS Terms 

11/12-month salary contract/teaching period: The contracted teaching period of faculty employed for 

the entire year, usually for a period of 11 or 12 months. 

9/10-month salary contract/teaching period: The contracted teaching period of faculty employed for 

two semesters, three quarters, two trimesters, two 4-month sessions, or the equivalent. 

child institution: An institution that has its data reported by another institution, known as the parent 

institution. 

clerical and secretarial: A primary function or occupational activity category used to classify persons 

whose assignments typically are associated with clerical activities or are specifically of a secretarial 

nature. Includes personnel who are responsible for internal and external communications, recording 

and retrieval of data (other than computer programmer) and/or information and other paperwork 

required in an office. Also includes such occupational titles such as switchboard operators, including 

answering service; telephone operators; bill and account collectors; billing and posting clerks and 

machine operators; bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks; payroll and timekeeping clerks; 

procurement clerks; file clerks; clerical library assistants; human resources assistants, except payroll 

and timekeeping; shipping, receiving, and traffic clerks; secretaries and administrative assistants; 

computer operators; data entry and information processing workers; desktop publishers; mail clerks 

and mail machine operators (except postal service); office clerks (general); office machine operators 

(except computer); and proofreaders and copy markers. 

control (of institution): A classification of whether an institution is operated by publicly elected or 

appointed officials (public control) or by privately elected or appointed officials and derives its major 

source of funds from private sources (private, not-for-profit or private, for-profit control). 

coordinator: The person responsible for Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS) 

survey-related coordination activities for a specified group of schools within a state. This person may 

have certain viewing, verifying, and locking privileges on the data collection system. 

degree-granting institution: An institution offering an associate’s, bachelor’s, master’s, doctor’s, or 

first-professional degree. 

donor institution: A responding institution whose values are assigned to the imputee. 

executive, administrative, and managerial: A primary function or occupational activity category used 

to classify persons whose assignments require management of the institution, or a customarily 

recognized department or subdivision thereof. Assignments require the performance of work directly 

related to management policies or general business operations of the institution, department or 

subdivision. Assignments in this category customarily and regularly require the incumbent to 

exercise discretion and independent judgment. Included in this category are staff holding titles such 

as: top executives; chief executives; general and operations managers; advertising, marketing, 

promotions, public relations, and sales managers; operations specialties managers; administrative 

services managers; computer and information systems managers; financial managers; human 

resources managers; purchasing managers; postsecondary education administrators such as: 

presidents, vice presidents (including assistants and associates), deans (including assistants and 
B-2

associates) if their principal activity is administrative and not primarily instruction, research or public 

service, directors (including assistants and associates), department heads (including assistants and 

associates) if their principal activity is administrative and not primarily instruction, research or public 

service, assistant and associate managers (including first-line managers of service, production and 

sales workers who spend more than 80 percent of their time performing supervisory activities); 

engineering managers; food service managers; lodging managers; and medical and health services 

managers. 

faculty: Persons whose specific assignments customarily are made for the purpose of providing 

instruction or teaching, research, or public service as a principal activity (or activities). They may 

hold academic rank titles of professor, associate professor, assistant professor, instructor, lecturer, or 

the equivalent of any of those academic ranks. Faculty may also include the chancellor/president, 

provost, vice provosts, deans, directors, or the equivalent, as well as associate deans, assistant deans, 

and executive officers of academic departments (chairpersons, heads, or the equivalent) if their 

principal activity is instruction combined with research and/or public service. The designation as 

“faculty” is separate from the activities to which they may be currently assigned. For example, a 

newly appointed president of an institution may also be appointed as a faculty member. Graduate, 

teaching, and research assistants are not included in this category. 

four-year institution: A postsecondary institution that offers programs of at least 4 years’ duration or 

one that offers programs at or above the baccalaureate level. Includes schools that offer 

postbaccalaureate certificates only or those that offer graduate programs only. Also includes freestanding medical, law, or other first-professional schools. 

fringe benefits: Cash contributions in the form of supplementary or deferred compensation other than 

salary. Excludes the employee’s contribution. Employee fringe benefits include retirement plans, 

employer portion of Social Security taxes, medical/dental plans, guaranteed disability income 

protection plans, tuition plans, housing plans, unemployment compensation plans, group life 

insurance plans, worker’s compensation plans, and other benefits in-kind with cash options. 

full-time instructional faculty: Those members of the instruction/research staff who are employed full 

time and whose specific assignments customarily are made for the purpose of providing instruction 

or teaching, including those with released time for research. Also includes full-time faculty for whom 

it is not possible to differentiate between instruction or teaching, research, and public service because 

each of these functions is an integral component of their regular assignment. 

graduate assistants: Graduate-level students who are employed on a part-time basis for the primary 

purpose of assisting in classroom or laboratory instruction or in the conduct of research. Graduate 

students having titles such as graduate assistant, teaching assistant, teaching associate, teaching 

fellow, or research assistant typically hold these positions. 

imputee: A nonresponding institution that has its values imputed. 

instruction combined with research and/or public service: A primary function or occupational activity 

category used to classify persons for whom it is not possible to differentiate between instruction or 

teaching, research, and public service because each of these functions is an integral component of 

their regular assignment. These employees may hold academic rank titles of professor, associate 

professor, assistant professor, instructor, lecturer, or the equivalent. These employees may also hold 

titles such as deans, directors, or the equivalent, as well as associate deans, assistant deans, and 

executive officers of academic departments (chairpersons, heads, or equivalent) if their principal 

activity is instruction combined with research and/or public service. 
B-3

keyholder: The person designated by an official institutional representative to have in their 

possession the necessary UserID and password to gain access to the Integrated Postsecondary 

Education Data System (IPEDS) data collection system to complete the survey. The keyholder is 

responsible for entering data and locking the site by each survey completion date. 

less-than-2-year institution: A postsecondary institution that offers programs of less than 2 years’ 

duration below the baccalaureate level. Includes occupational and vocational schools with programs 

that do not exceed 1,800 contact hours. 

less-than-9-month salary contract/teaching period: The contracted teaching period of faculty 

employed for less than two semesters, three quarters, two trimesters, or two 4-month sessions. 

level (of institution): A classification of whether an institution’s programs are of at least 4 years’ 

duration or beyond a baccalaureate level (4-year institution), at least 2 but less than 4 years (2-year 

institution), or less than 2 years (less-than-2-year institution). 

medical school staff: Staff employed by or staff working in the medical school (M.D. and/or D.O.) 

component of a postsecondary institution or in a freestanding medical school. Does not include staff 

employed by or employees working strictly in a hospital associated with a medical school or those 

who work in health or allied health schools or departments such as dentistry, veterinary medicine, 

nursing, or dental hygiene unless the health or allied health schools or departments are affiliated with 

(housed in or under the authority of) the medical school. 

new hires: Full-time permanent staff who were included on the payroll of the institution between July 

1st and October 31st of the survey year, either for the first time (new to the institution) or after a 

break in service and who were still on the payroll of the institution as of November 1st of the same 

survey year. Does not include persons who have returned from sabbatical leave or full-time faculty 

working less-than-9-month contracts/teaching periods. 

non-degree-granting institution: An institution offering only postbaccalaureate, post-master’s, or 

first-professional certificates, or certificates or diplomas of 4 years or less. 

nonprofessional staff: Staff of an institution whose primary function or occupational activity is 

classified as one of the following: technical and paraprofessional; clerical and secretarial; skilled 

crafts; or service/maintenance. 

not on tenure track: Positions that are considered non-tenure-earning positions. 

on tenure track: Personnel positions that lead to consideration for tenure. 

OPE: Office of Postsecondary Education. 

other professional (support/service): A primary function or occupational activity category used to 

classify persons employed for the primary purpose of performing academic support, student service, 

and institutional support, whose assignments would require either a baccalaureate degree or higher or 

experience of such kind and amount as to provide a comparable background. Included in this 

category are all staff holding titles such as business operations specialists; buyers and purchasing 

agents; human resources, training, and labor relations specialists; management analysts; meeting and 

convention planners; miscellaneous business operations specialists; financial specialists; accountants 

and auditors; budget analysts; financial analysts and advisors; financial examiners; loan counselors 

and officers; computer specialists; computer and information scientists, research; computer 

programmers; computer software engineers; computer support specialists; computer systems 

analysts; database administrators; network and computer systems administrators; network systems 
B-4

and data communication analysts; counselors, social workers, and other community and social 

service specialists; counselors; social workers; health educators; clergy; directors, religious activities 

and education; lawyers; librarians, curators, and archivists; museum technicians and conservators; 

librarians; artists and related workers; designers; athletes, coaches, and umpires; dancers and 

choreographers; music directors and composers; chiropractors; dentists; dietitians and nutritionists; 

optometrists; pharmacists; physicians and surgeons; podiatrists; registered nurses; therapists; and 

veterinarians. 

parent institution: An institution that reports data for another institution, known as the child 

institution. 

PEPS: Postsecondary Education Participation System (database used by OPE to track all institutions 

eligible for Title IV federal student financial aid programs). 

postsecondary education institution: An institution that has as its sole purpose, or one of its primary 

missions, the provision of postsecondary education. Postsecondary education is the provision of a 

formal instructional program whose curriculum is designed primarily for students beyond the 

compulsory age for high school. This includes programs whose purpose is academic, vocational, or 

continuing professional education, and excludes avocational and adult basic education programs. For 

IPEDS, these institutions must be open to the public. 

primarily instruction: A primary function or occupational activity category used to classify persons 

whose specific assignments customarily are made for the purpose of providing instruction or teaching 

and who may hold academic rank titles of professor, associate professor, assistant professor, 

instructor, lecturer, or the equivalent. Includes deans, directors, or the equivalent, as well as associate 

deans, assistant deans, and executive officers of academic departments (chairpersons, heads, or 

equivalent) if their principal activity is instruction. 

primarily public service: A primary function or occupational activity category used to classify 

persons whose specific assignments customarily are made for the purpose of carrying out public 

service activities such as agricultural extension services, clinical services, or continuing education 

and who may hold academic rank titles of professor, associate professor, or assistant professor. 

Includes deans, directors, or the equivalent, as well as associate deans, assistant deans, and executive 

officers of academic departments (chairpersons, heads, or equivalent) if their principal activity is 

public service. 

primarily research: A primary function or occupational activity category used to classify persons 

whose specific assignments customarily are made for the purpose of conducting research and who 

may hold academic rank titles of professor, associate professor, of assistant professor or titles such as 

research associate or postdoctoral fellow. Includes deans, directors, or the equivalent, as well as 

associate deans, assistant deans, and executive officers of academic departments (chairpersons, 

heads, or equivalent) if their principal activity is research. 

primary function/occupational activity: The principal activity of a staff member as determined by the 

institution. If an individual participates in two or more activities, the primary activity is normally 

determined by the amount of time spent in each activity. Occupational activities are designated as 

follows: executive, administrative, and managerial; faculty (instruction/research/public service); 

graduate assistants; other professional (support/service); technical and paraprofessional; clerical and 

secretarial; skilled crafts; and service/maintenance (see separate definitions). 

private for-profit institution: A private institution in which the individual(s) or agency in control 

receives compensation other than wages, rent, or other expenses for the assumption of risk. 
B-5

private institution: An educational institution controlled by a private individual(s) or by a 

nongovernmental agency, usually supported primarily by other than public funds, and operated by 

other than publicly elected or appointed officials. These institutions may be either for-profit or notfor-profit. 

private not-for-profit institution: A private institution in which the individual(s) or agency in control 

receives no compensation, other than wages, rent, or other expenses for the assumption of risk. These 

include both independent not-for-profit schools and those affiliated with a religious organization. 

professional staff: Staff of an institution whose primary function or occupational activity is classified 

as one of the following: faculty; executive, administrative, managerial; other professional 

(support/service); or graduate assistant. 

Program Participation Agreement (PPA): A written agreement between a postsecondary institution 

and the Secretary of Education. This agreement allows institutions to participate in any of the Title 

IV student assistance programs other than the State Student Incentive Grant (SSIG) and the National 

Early Intervention Scholarship and Partnership (NEISP) programs. The PPA conditions the initial 

and continued participation of an eligible institution in any Title IV program upon compliance with 

the General Provisions regulations, the individual program regulations, and any additional conditions 

specified in the program participation agreement that the Department of Education requires the 

institution to meet. Institutions with such an agreement are referred to as Title IV institutions. 

public institution: An educational institution whose programs and activities are operated by publicly 

elected or appointed school officials and which is supported largely by public funds. 

race/ethnicity: Categories used to describe groups to which individuals belong, identify with, or 

belong in the eyes of the community. The categories do not denote scientific definitions of 

anthropological origins. A person may be counted in only one group. The groups used to categorize 

U.S. citizens, resident aliens, and other eligible noncitizens are as follows: American Indian/Alaska 

Native; Asian/Pacific Islander; Black, non-Hispanic; Hispanic; White, non-Hispanic. 

sector: One of nine institutional categories resulting from dividing the universe according to control 

and level. Control categories are public, private not-for-profit, and private for-profit. Level categories 

are 4 years and higher (4-year institutions), at least 2 but less than 4 years (2-year institutions), and 

less than 2 years (less-than-2-year institutions). For example: sector 1 = public 4-year institutions; 

sector 2 = private not-for-profit 4-year institutions. 

service/maintenance: A primary function or occupational activity category used to classify persons 

whose assignments require limited degrees of previously acquired skills and knowledge and in which 

workers perform duties that result in or contribute to the comfort, convenience, and hygiene of 

personnel and the student body or that contribute to the upkeep of the institutional property. Includes 

titles such as fire fighters; law enforcement workers; parking enforcement workers; police officers; 

security guards; lifeguards; ski patrol; cooks and food preparation workers; food and beverage 

serving workers; fast food and counter workers; waiters and waitresses; other food preparation- and 

serving-related workers; building cleaning and pest control workers; grounds maintenance workers; 

electrical and electronic equipment mechanics; installers and repairers; radio and telecommunications 

equipment installers and repairers; avionics technicians; electric motor, power tool, and related 

repairers; vehicle and mobile equipment mechanics, installers, and repairers; control and valve 

installers and repairers; heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics and installers; air 

transportation workers; motor vehicle operators; and parking lot attendants. 
B-6

skilled crafts: A primary function or occupational activity category used to classify persons whose 

assignments typically require special manual skills and a thorough and comprehensive knowledge of 

the processes involved in the work, acquired through on-the-job-training and experience or through 

apprenticeship or other formal training programs. Includes occupational titles such as welders, 

cutters, solderers, and brazers; bookbinders and bindery workers; printers; cabinetmakers and bench 

carpenters; plant and system operators; stationary engineers and boiler operators; water and liquid 

waste treatment plant and system operators; crushing, grinding, polishing, mixing, and blending 

workers; medical, dental, and ophthalmic laboratory technicians; painting workers; photographic 

process workers and processing machine operators; and etchers and engravers. 

technical and paraprofessional: A primary function or occupational activity category used to classify 

persons whose assignments require specialized knowledge or skills which may be acquired through 

experience, apprenticeship, on-the-job training, or academic work in occupationally specific 

programs that result in a 2-year degree or other certificate or diploma. Includes persons who perform 

some of the duties of a professional in a supportive role, which usually requires less formal training 

and experience than normally required for professional status. Includes mathematical technicians; 

life, physical, and social science technicians; agricultural and food science technicians; chemical 

technicians; geological and petroleum technicians; nuclear technicians; paralegals and legal 

assistants; miscellaneous legal support workers; health technologists and technicians; dietetic 

technicians; pharmacy technicians; licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses; medical records 

and health information technicians; opticians, dispensing; healthcare support occupations; nursing 

aides, orderlies, and attendants; physical therapist assistants and aides; massage therapists; dental 

assistants; medical assistants; and pharmacy aides. 

tenure status: Status of a personnel position with respect to permanence of the position. 

Title IV institution: An institution that has a written agreement with the Secretary of Education that 

allows the institution to participate in any of the Title IV federal student financial assistance 

programs (other than the State Student Incentive Grant [SSIG] and the National Early Intervention 

Scholarship and Partnership [NEISP] programs). 

two-year institution: A postsecondary institution that offers programs of at least 2 but less than 4 

years’ duration. Includes occupational and vocational schools with programs of at least 1,800 hours 

and academic institutions with programs of less than 4 years. Does not include bachelor’s degreegranting institutions where the baccalaureate program can be completed in 3 years. 

UserID: A series of numbers possibly with an alpha prefix that is created for a specific user to be able 

to access a system. Each user is required to have a UserID and a password for security purposes in 

order to access the Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS) data collection system.