The following information was generated from the 

Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB),

a database of the National Library of Medicine's TOXNET system

(http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov) on September 22, 2009.

Query: The chemical name tetrafluoroethylene was identified.

The following terms were added from ChemIDplus:

tetrafluoroethene

perfluoroethylene

perfluoroethene

CAS Registry Number: 116-14-3

1

NAME: TETRAFLUOROETHYLENE

HSN: 844

RN: 116-14-3

HUMAN HEALTH EFFECTS:

EVIDENCE FOR CARCINOGENICITY:

 Evaluation: No epidemiological data relevant to the carcinogenicity of

 tetrafluoroethylene were available. There is sufficient evidence in

 experimental animals for the carcinogenicity of tetrafluoroethylene.

 Overall evaluation: Tetrafluoroethylene is possibly carcinogenic to humans

 (Group 2B). [IARC. Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk

 of Chemicals to Man. Geneva: World Health Organization, International

 Agency for Research on Cancer, 1972-PRESENT. (Multivolume work)., p. 71

 1150 (1999)] **PEER REVIEWED** 

 A3; Confirmed animal carcinogen with unknown relevance to humans. 

 [American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists TLVs and BEIs.

 Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents and

 Biological Exposure Indices. Cincinnati, OH, 2008, p. 55] **QC REVIEWED** 

 Tetrafluoroethylene: reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen.

 [DHHS/National Toxicology Program; Eleventh Report on Carcinogens: beta-

 Tetrafluoroethylene (116-14-3) (January 2005). Available from, as of July

 31, 2009: http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/ntp/roc/eleventh/profiles/s170tfe.pdf ]

 **QC REVIEWED** 

HUMAN TOXICITY EXCERPTS:

 TOXIC BY-PRODUCT GASES /OF TETRAFLUOROETHYLENE/ ALL PRODUCE PULMONARY

 EDEMA... [International Labour Office. Encyclopedia of Occupational Health
 and Safety. Volumes I and II. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1971., p.

 1396] **PEER REVIEWED** 

SKIN, EYE AND RESPIRATORY IRRITATIONS:

 INHALATION CAUSES IRRITATION OF RESPIRATORY SYSTEM. CONTACT WITH EYES

 CAUSES SLIGHT IRRITATION. /INHIBITED/ [U.S. Coast Guard, Department of

 Transportation. CHRIS - Hazardous Chemical Data. Manual Two. Washington,

 DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, Oct., 1978.] **PEER REVIEWED** 

PROBABLE ROUTES OF HUMAN EXPOSURE:

 NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 332 workers

 (145 of these are female) are potentially exposed to tetrafluoroethylene

 in the US(1). Occupational exposure to tetrafluoroethylene may occur

 through inhalation of this compound at workplaces where

 tetrafluoroethylene is produced or used(SRC). [(1) NIOSH; National

 Occupational Exposure Survey (NOES) (1983)] **PEER REVIEWED** 

EMERGENCY MEDICAL TREATMENT:

EMERGENCY MEDICAL TREATMENT:

 

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Micromedex' rights and is strictly prohibited.<p>The following Overview, ***

FLUORINATED HYDROCARBONS ***, is relevant for this HSDB record chemical.

LIFE SUPPORT: 

 o This overview assumes that basic life support measures

 have been instituted.

CLINICAL EFFECTS: 

 0.2.1 SUMMARY OF EXPOSURE

 0.2.1.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE

 A) WITH POISONING/EXPOSURE

 1) LOW CONCENTRATION - Inhalations such as those caused
 by leaking air conditioners or refrigerators may

 result in transient eye, nose, and throat irritation.

 Palpitations, light-headedness and headaches are also

 seen.

 2) HIGH CONCENTRATION - Inhalation associated with

 deliberate abuse, spills or industrial use occurring

 in poorly ventilated areas has been associated with

 ventricular dysrhythmias, pulmonary edema and sudden

 death.

 0.2.4 HEENT

 0.2.4.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE

 A) WITH POISONING/EXPOSURE

 1) EARS - Tinnitus occurred in workers exposed to

 Freon-22 after a freezer exploded in a seafood

 factory.

 2) EYES - Eye irritation occurs with ambient exposure.

 Frostbite of the lids may be severe. Ocular

 instillation results in corneal burns in rabbits.

 3) NOSE - Nasal irritation occurs with ambient exposure.

 4) THROAT - Irritation occurs. Frostbite of the lips,

 tongue, buccal mucosa and hard palate developed in a

 man after deliberate inhalation.

 0.2.5 CARDIOVASCULAR

 0.2.5.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE

 A) WITH POISONING/EXPOSURE

 1) Inhalation of high concentrations is associated with

 the development of refractory ventricular dysrhythmias

 and sudden death, believed to be secondary, primarily,

 to hypoxia or myocardial sensitization to endogenous

 catecholamines. Some individuals may be susceptible to

 arrhythmogenic effects at lower concentrations.

 0.2.6 RESPIRATORY

 0.2.6.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE

 A) WITH POISONING/EXPOSURE

 1) Pulmonary irritation, bronchial constriction, cough,

 dyspnea, and chest tightness may develop after

 inhalation. Chronic pulmonary hyperreactivity may

 occur. Adult respiratory distress syndrome has been

 reported following acute inhalational exposures.

 Pulmonary edema is an autopsy finding in fatal cases.

 0.2.7 NEUROLOGIC

 0.2.7.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE

 A) WITH POISONING/EXPOSURE

 1) Headache, dizziness, and disorientation are common.

 Cerebral edema may be found on autopsy. A syndrome of

 impaired psychomotor speed, impaired memory and

 learning, and emotional lability has been described in

 workers with chronic occupational exposure to
 fluorinated hydrocarbons.

 0.2.8 GASTROINTESTINAL

 0.2.8.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE

 A) WITH POISONING/EXPOSURE

 1) Nausea may develop. Ingestion of a small amount of

 trichlorofluoromethane resulted in necrosis and

 perforation of the stomach in one patient.

 0.2.9 HEPATIC

 0.2.9.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE

 A) WITH POISONING/EXPOSURE

 1) Jaundice and mild elevations in transaminases may

 develop after inhalational exposure or ingestion.

 Hepatocellular coagulative necrosis has been observed

 on liver biopsy. Mildly elevated levels of alkaline

 phosphatase and lactic acid dehydrogenase were

 reported in workers exposed to Freon-22.

 0.2.14 DERMATOLOGIC

 0.2.14.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE

 A) WITH POISONING/EXPOSURE

 1) Dermal contact may result in defatting, irritation or

 contact dermatitis. Severe frostbite has been reported

 as an effect of freon exposure. Injection causes

 transient pain, erythema and edema.

 0.2.15 MUSCULOSKELETAL

 0.2.15.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE

 A) WITH POISONING/EXPOSURE

 1) Rhabdomyolysis has been reported in a worker

 susceptible to malignant hyperthermia after exposure

 to fluorinated hydrocarbons and also following

 intentional freon inhalation. Compartment syndrome is

 a rare complication of severe exposure.

 0.2.20 REPRODUCTIVE HAZARDS

 A) Dichlorodifluoromethane was not teratogenic in rats and

 rabbits.

 B) The reproductive effects of 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane

 were studied in rats. No adverse effects on reproductive

 performance was noted or on the development, maturation

 or reproductive performance of up to two successive

 generations.

 0.2.22 GENOTOXICITY

 A) The hydrochlorofluorocarbons, HCFC-225ca and HCFC-225cb,

 were not mutagenic in the Ames reverse mutation assay,

 or clastogenic in the chromosomal aberration assay with

 Chinese hamster lung cells. Neither induced unscheduled

 DNA synthesis in liver cells. Both of these agents were

 clastogenic in the chromosomal aberration assay with

 human lymphocytes.

LABORATORY: 
 A) Fluorinated hydrocarbons plasma levels are not clinically

 useful.

 B) Obtain baseline pulse oximetry or arterial blood gas

 analysis.

 C) Institute continuous cardiac monitoring and obtain an ECG

 after significant exposure.

TREATMENT OVERVIEW: 

 0.4.2 ORAL EXPOSURE

 A) These substances may cause frostbite to the upper airway

 and gastrointestinal tract after ingestion. Administer

 oxygen and manage airway as clinically indicated.

 Emesis, activated charcoal, and gastric lavage are not

 recommended.

 0.4.3 INHALATION EXPOSURE

 A) MONITOR ECG and VITAL SIGNS carefully. Cardiopulmonary

 resuscitation may be necessary. Caution is advised with

 the administration of CATECHOLAMINE drugs.

 B) PROVIDE A QUIET CALM ATMOSPHERE to prevent adrenaline

 surge if the patient is seen before the onset of cardiac

 arrhythmias. Minimize physical exertion.

 C) MONITOR pulse oximetry or arterial blood gases.

 D) Provide symptomatic and supportive care.

 E) These substances may cause frostbite of the upper airway

 with the potential for severe edema. Administer oxygen

 and manage airway early in patients with evidence of

 upper airway injury.

 F) ACUTE LUNG INJURY: Maintain ventilation and oxygenation

 and evaluate with frequent arterial blood gas or pulse

 oximetry monitoring. Early use of PEEP and mechanical

 ventilation may be needed.

 0.4.4 EYE EXPOSURE

 A) DECONTAMINATION: Irrigate exposed eyes with copious

 amounts of room temperature water for at least 15

 minutes. If irritation, pain, swelling, lacrimation, or

 photophobia persist, the patient should be seen in a

 health care facility.

 B) Ophthalmologic consultation should be considered in

 symptomatic patients.

 0.4.5 DERMAL EXPOSURE

 A) OVERVIEW

 1) DECONTAMINATION: Remove contaminated clothing and wash

 exposed area thoroughly with soap and water. A

 physician may need to examine the area if irritation or

 pain persists.

 2) If frostbite has occurred, refer to dermal treatment in

 the main body of this document for rewarming.

RANGE OF TOXICITY: 

 A) Freons are very toxic when inhaled in high concentrations
 and/or for extended periods. At lower concentrations or

 brief exposure, freons may cause transient eye, nose, and

 throat irritation.

ANTIDOTE AND EMERGENCY TREATMENT:

 INHALATION: REMOVE VICTIM FROM EXPOSURE; IF BREATHING IS DIFFICULT, GIVE

 ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION & CALL PHYSICIAN. [U.S. Coast Guard, Department

 of Transportation. CHRIS - Hazardous Chemical Data. Manual Two.

 Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, Oct., 1978.] **PEER

 REVIEWED** 

ANIMAL TOXICITY STUDIES:

EVIDENCE FOR CARCINOGENICITY:

 Evaluation: No epidemiological data relevant to the carcinogenicity of

 tetrafluoroethylene were available. There is sufficient evidence in

 experimental animals for the carcinogenicity of tetrafluoroethylene.

 Overall evaluation: Tetrafluoroethylene is possibly carcinogenic to humans

 (Group 2B). [IARC. Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk

 of Chemicals to Man. Geneva: World Health Organization, International

 Agency for Research on Cancer, 1972-PRESENT. (Multivolume work)., p. 71

 1150 (1999)] **PEER REVIEWED** 

 A3; Confirmed animal carcinogen with unknown relevance to humans. 

 [American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists TLVs and BEIs.

 Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents and

 Biological Exposure Indices. Cincinnati, OH, 2008, p. 55] **QC REVIEWED** 

 Tetrafluoroethylene: reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen.

 [DHHS/National Toxicology Program; Eleventh Report on Carcinogens: beta-

 Tetrafluoroethylene (116-14-3) (January 2005). Available from, as of July

 31, 2009: http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/ntp/roc/eleventh/profiles/s170tfe.pdf ]

 **QC REVIEWED** 

NON-HUMAN TOXICITY EXCERPTS:

 RATS DYING FROM LETHAL EXPOSURES NOT ONLY SHOW DAMAGE TO LUNGS,

 BUT...DEGENERATIVE CHANGES IN THE KIDNEY... [International Labour Office.

 Encyclopedia of Occupational Health and Safety. Volumes I and II. New

 York: McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1971., p. 1396] **PEER REVIEWED** 

 RATS CHRONICALLY POISONED BY TETRAFLUOROETHYLENE INHALATION AT 100 MG/CU M

 FOR 4 MO SHOWED A DROP IN SKIN BACTERICIDAL ACTIVITY & AN INCR IN

 SERUM O-ANTIBODIES. APPARENTLY COMPD PUT A STRESS ON IMMUNOLOGICAL DEFENSE

 OF ANIMALS & LOWERED THEIR RESISTANCE. [AKATOVA RS; TR PERM GOS MED

 INST 82: 187 (1970)] **PEER REVIEWED** 
 ... CONCLUSIONS: Under the conditions of these two yr inhalation studies,

 there was clear evidence of carcinogenic activity of tetrafluoroethylene

 in male F344/N rats based on increased incidences of renal tubule

 neoplasms (mainly adenomas) and hepatocellular neoplasms. There was clear

 evidence of carcinogenic activity of tetrafluoroethylene in female F344/N

 rats based on increased incidences of renal tubule neoplasms, liver

 hemangiosarcomas, hepatocelluar neoplasms, and mononuclear cell leukemia.

 There was clear evidence of carcinogenic activity of tetrafluoroethylene

 in male and female B6C3F1 mice based on increased incidences of liver

 hemangiomas and hemangiosarcomas, hepatocelluar neoplasms and histiocytic

 sarcomas. Slight increases of mononuclear cell leukemia and testicular

 interstitial cell adenomas in male rats may have been related to exposure

 to tetrafluoroethylene. [Toxicology & Carcinogenesis Studies of

 Tetrafluoroethylene in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Inhalation Studies).

 Technical Report Series No. 450 (D1997) NIH Publication No. 97-3366 U.S.

 Department of Health and Human Services, National Toxicology Program,

 National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle

 Park, NC 27709] **PEER REVIEWED** 

NATIONAL TOXICOLOGY PROGRAM STUDIES:

 ... Male and female F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice were exposed to

 tetrafluoroethylene (98%-99% pure) by whole body inhation for 2 tyr. ... 2

 YEAR STUDY IN RATS: Groups of 60 male rats were exposed to 156, 312, or

 625 ppm and groups of 60 female rats were exposed to 312, 625, or 1,250

 ppm tetrafluoroethylene by inhalation for 6 hr/day, 5 days/wk for 104 wk,

 with an observation period of 11 days following the final exposure. ... 2

 YEAR STUDY IN MICE: Groups of 58 male and 58 female B6C3F1 mice were

 exposed to 0, 312, 625, or 1,250 ppm tetrafluoroethylene by inhalation for

 6 hr/day, 5 days/wk for95 to 96 wk. ... CONCLUSIONS: Under the conditions

 of these two yr inhalation studies, there was clear evidence of

 carcinogenic activity of tetrafluoroethylene in male F344/N rats based on

 increased incidences of renal tubule neoplasms (mainly adenomas) and

 hepatocellular neoplasms. There was clear evidence of carcinogenic

 activity of tetrafluoroethylene in female F344/N rats based on increased

 incidences of renal tubule neoplasms, liver hemangiosarcomas,

 hepatocelluar neoplasms, and mononuclear cell leukemia. There was clear

 evidence of carcinogenic activity of tetrafluoroethylene in male and

 female B6C3F1 mice based on increased incidences of liver hemangiomas and

 hemangiosarcomas, hepatocelluar neoplasms and histiocytic sarcomas. Slight

 increases of mononuclear cell leukemia and testicular interstitial cell

 adenomas in male rats may have been related to exposure to

 tetrafluoroethylene. [Toxicology & Carcinogenesis Studies of

 Tetrafluoroethylene in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Inhalation Studies).

 Technical Report Series No. 450 (D1997) NIH Publication No. 97-3366 U.S.

 Department of Health and Human Services, National Toxicology Program,

 National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle

 Park, NC 27709] **PEER REVIEWED** 
ONGOING TEST STATUS:

 The following link will take the user to the National Toxicology Program

 (NTP) Test Agent Search Results page, which tabulates all of the "Standard

 Toxicology & Carcinogenesis Studies", "Developmental Studies", and

 "Genetic Toxicity Studies" performed with this chemical. Clicking on the

 "Testing Status" link will take the user to the status (i.e., in review,

 in progress, in preparation, on test, completed, etc.) and results of all

 the studies that the NTP has done on this chemical.

 [http://ntpapps.niehs.nih.gov/ntp_tox/index.cfm?fuseaction=ntpsearch.searchresults&sear

chterm=116-14-3]

 [Available from:

 http://ntpapps.niehs.nih.gov/ntp_tox/index.cfm?fuseaction=ntpsearch.searchresults&sear

chterm=116-14-3

 ] **QC REVIEWED** 

TSCA TEST SUBMISSIONS:

 Subchronic toxicity was evaluated in groups of 10 male CD rats and 10 male

 Syrian hamsters exposed by inhalation to 0, 101, 500, 991, or 2489 ppm

 tetrafluoroethylene (referred to as TFE, 99.3% minimum purity) 6 hrs/day,

 5 days/week for 2 weeks. No clinical signs of toxicity resulting from TFE

 exposures were observed in rats and hamsters during the treatment period.

 After termination of exposure, rats exhibited a statistically significant

 decrease in serum albumin and albumin/globulin ratios at all exposure

 levels, although the effect was not dose related. Urinary fluoride in rats

 was elevated in a dose dependent manner at all levels, but differences

 were only significant in the 500,991 and 2489 ppm exposure groups. Other

 differences noted in rats included significant and dose dependent

 decreases in serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase activity and urea

 nitrogen levels at the 500, 991 and 2489 ppm dose levels. Additionally,

 rats showed a significant depression in serum alkaline phosphatase

 activity in the 2489 ppm group. After 14 days of recovery all effects had

 disappeared in rats, except elevation of urinary fluoride. After

 termination of exposure, hamsters exhibited a significant increase in

 urinary fluoride excretion in the 991 and 2489 ppm groups. Serum albumin

 depression was significant in the 101 ppm exposure group. After the 14 day

 recovery period serum albumin depression was significant in the 500,991,

 and 2489 ppm exposure groups; urinary fluoride was at normal levels.

 Following 10 exposures, 5 of 5 rats exposed at the 2489 ppm level

 exhibited compound related kidney histopathology which disappeared after

 14 days of recovery. No histopathological effects were observed in

 hamsters after 10 exposures, however, following the 14 day recovery period

 a significant increase in testicular atrophy was observed in the 2489

 exposure group. Rats showed significant elevation of absolute and relative

 weights of liver and kidneys following the 10th exposure in the 991 and

 2489 ppm exposure groups. These effects were not present after the 14 day

 recovery period. There were no significant differences in absolute or
 relative organ weights in hamsters exposed to any level of TFE.[ Haskell

 Laboratories; Subacute inhalation toxicity of tetrafluoroethylene. (1980),

 EPA Document No. 40-8234028, Fiche No. OTS0507507] **UNREVIEWED** 

 Subchronic toxicity was evaluated in groups of 120 (60 male, 60 female) CD

 rats and Syrian hamsters exposed to nominal concentrations of 0, 200, 600,

 or 2000 ppm tetrafluoroethylene vapor (purity not reported) 6 hrs/day, 5

 days/week for approx. 90 days. The following statistically significant

 clinical effects were observed in rats: lower mean body weights during

 most of the study, and lower overall body weight gains for male and

 females at 2000 ppm; higher incidence of alopecia and sores for animals in

 the 2000 ppm group; exposure related increases in urinary fluoride levels

 in males and females; increased urine volume in females exposed to 600 or

 2000 ppm TFE with accompanying decreases in osmolality in the 200 and 2000

 ppm groups; and decreased creatinine in all treated females. The only

 significant clinical observation reported in hamsters was an increase in

 the frequency of ocular abnormalities (scabs over eyes) in females exposed

 to 600 or 2000 ppm TFE. Rats showed the following significant blood

 related effects: a decrease in the serum albumin/globulin ratio at 45 days

 in all treated females; decreased serum albumin in 600 and 2000 ppm

 females at 45 days, and in 2000 ppm females at 90 days; elevated serum

 glutamic-pyruvic transaminase activity in females exposed at the 2000 ppm

 level; decreased hematocrits in 200 and 2000 ppm male rats, with decreased

 mean corpuscular volumes in 2000 ppm male rats; and temporarily elevated

 leukocyte counts in the 600 and 2000 ppm female rats. The only significant

 hematological effect reported in hamsters was a decrease in serum albumin

 in 2000 ppm males at 90 days. Following necropsy, significant observations

 in rats included a dose related increase in kidney and liver weights at

 the 2000 ppm level, and tubular nephrosis of the straight portions of the

 proximal convoluted tubules in animals exposed to 600 or 2000 ppm TFE,

 observed at 45 and 90 days. Observations in hamsters included a dose

 related increase in mean relative liver weights in females; and atrophic

 changes in immature or mature testes of hamsters exposed to 2000 ppm TFE.[

 Haskell Laboratories; Ninety-day inhalation toxicity study with

 tetrafluoroethylene (TFE) in rats and hamsters. (1981), EPA Document No.

 40-8234030, Fiche No. OTS0507508] **UNREVIEWED** 

 The ability of tetrafluoroethylene to induce specific locus mutations at

 the HPRT locus in cultured Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells (CHO/HPRT

 Mutagenicity Assay) was evaluated in the presence and absence of

 Aroclor-induced rat liver S9 metabolic activation. Based on preliminary

 toxicity determinations, tetrafluoroethylene, was tested at nominal

 concentrations of 0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100% for treatments with and

 without metabolic activation. Twenty two nonactivated cultures produced a

 range of 100.0 - 56.5% cell survival relative to the negative control and

 twenty two activated cultures produced a range of 133.4 - 49.3% relative

 cell survival. None of the cultures produced mutant frequencies

 significantly greater than the negative control with or without metabolic
 activation.[Haskell Laboratory; Mutagenicity Evaluation of

 Tetrafluoroethylene in the CHO/HPRT Assay, (1986), EPA Document No.

 86860000130, Fiche No. OTS0510275] **UNREVIEWED** 

 The mutagenicity of tetrafluoroethylene was evaluated Salmonella tester

 strains TA1535, TA97, TA98 and TA100 (Ames Test), both in the presence and

 absence of Aroclor-induced rat liver S9 metabolic activation. Based on

 preliminary toxicity determinations, tetrafluoroethylene, was tested at

 nominal concentrations of 0, 0.5, 3, 4, and 5% using the plate

 incorporation technique. Tetrafluoroethylene did not cause a positive

 response in any tester strain with or without metabolic

 activation.[Haskell Laboratory; Mutagenicity Evaluation of

 Tetrafluoroethylene in Salmonella Typhimurium, Final Report, (1986), EPA

 Document No. 86860000093, Fiche No. OTS0510242] **UNREVIEWED** 

METABOLISM/PHARMACOKINETICS:

ABSORPTION, DISTRIBUTION & EXCRETION:

 MALE RATS EXPOSED TO 14 G/CU M...IN AIR FOR 30 MIN EXCRETED SMALL AMT OF

 FLUORIDE ION IN URINE OVER A 14-DAY PERIOD, INDICATING THAT COMPD CAN BE

 METABOLIZED. [IARC. Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk

 of Chemicals to Man. Geneva: World Health Organization, International

 Agency for Research on Cancer, 1972-PRESENT. (Multivolume work)., p. V19

 288] **PEER REVIEWED** 

PHARMACOLOGY:

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE & EXPOSURE:

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE/EXPOSURE SUMMARY:

 Tetrafluoroethylene's production and use in the production of

 fluoropolymers, nitroso rubbers, and low molecular mass compounds and

 intermediates may result in its release to the environment through various

 waste streams. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 2.45X10+4 mm Hg at

 25 deg C indicates tetrafluoroethylene will exist solely as a vapor in the

 ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase tetrafluoroethylene will be degraded in

 the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals

 and ozone; estimated half-lives for these reactions in air are 75 days and

 1.1 years, respectively. If released to soil, an estimated Koc of 110

 indicates tetrafluoroethylene will have high mobility in soil.

 Volatilization from wet and dry soil surfaces is expected to be an

 important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of
 0.63 atm-cu m/mole and this compound's vapor pressure, respectively. If

 released into water, tetrafluoroethylene's estimated Koc indicates this

 compound is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in the

 water column. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to occur

 based upon the estimated Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization

 half-lives for a model river and model lake are 2.9 hours and 4.0 days,

 respectively. An estimated BCF of 1.7 suggests the potential for

 bioconcentration of tetrafluoroethylene in aquatic organisms is low.

 Highly fluorinated compounds such as tetrafluoroethylene are not expected

 to biodegrade rapidly. Tetrafluoroethylene is not expected to hydrolyze

 due to the lack of hydrolyzable functional groups. Occupational exposure

 to tetrafluoroethylene may occur through inhalation of this compound at

 workplaces where tetrafluoroethylene is produced or used. (SRC) **PEER

 REVIEWED** 

PROBABLE ROUTES OF HUMAN EXPOSURE:

 NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 332 workers

 (145 of these are female) are potentially exposed to tetrafluoroethylene

 in the US(1). Occupational exposure to tetrafluoroethylene may occur

 through inhalation of this compound at workplaces where

 tetrafluoroethylene is produced or used(SRC). [(1) NIOSH; National

 Occupational Exposure Survey (NOES) (1983)] **PEER REVIEWED** 

ARTIFICIAL POLLUTION SOURCES:

 Tetrafluoroethylene's production and use in the production of

 fluoropolymers, nitroso rubbers, and low molecular mass compounds and

 intermediates(1) may result in its release to the environment through

 various waste streams(SRC). [(1) Siegemund G et al; Ullmann's Encycl

 Indust Chem, NY,NY: VCH VA11: 349-392 (1988)] **PEER REVIEWED** 

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE:

 TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a recommended classification scheme(1), an

 estimated Koc value of 110(SRC), determined from an estimated log Kow of

 1.2(2,SRC) and a recommended regression-derived equation(3), indicates

 that tetrafluoroethylene is expected to have high mobility in soil(SRC).

 Volatilization of tetrafluoroethylene from moist soil surfaces is expected

 to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law

 constant of 0.63 atm-cu m/mole(4). The potential for volatilization of

 tetrafluoroethylene from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based on its

 vapor pressure of 2.45X10+4 m Hg(5). Highly fluorinated compounds such as

 tetrafluoroethylene are not expected to biodegrade rapidly(6). [(1) Swann

 RL et al; Res Rev 85: 23 (1983) (2) Meylan WM, Howard PH; J Pharm Sci 84:

 83-92 (1995) (3) Lyman WJ et al; Handbook of Chemical Property Estimation

 Methods. Washington,DC: Amer Chem Soc pp. 4-9 (1990) (4) Howard PH, Meylan

 WM; Handbook of Physical Properties of Organic Chemicals. NY,NY: CRC

 Press(1997)(5) Daubert TE, Danner RP; Physical and Thermodynamic

 Properties of Pure Chemicals: Data Compilation. Design Inst Phys Prop

 Data, Amer Inst Chem Eng., NY,NY: Hemisphere Pub Corp, Vol 1 (1996) (6)
 Boethling RS et al; Environ Sci Technol 28: 459-65 (1994)] **PEER

 REVIEWED** 

 AQUATIC FATE: Based on a recommended classification scheme(1), an

 estimated Koc value of 110(SRC), determined from an estimated log Kow of

 1.2(2,SRC) and a recommended regression-derived equation(3), indicates

 that tetrafluoroethylene is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and

 sediment in water(SRC). Tetrafluoroethylene is expected to volatilize

 rapidly from water surfaces(3,SRC) based on an estimated Henry's Law

 constant of 0.63 atm-cu m/mole(4). Estimated volatilization half-lives for

 a model river and model lake are 2.9 hours and 4.0 days,

 respectively(3,SRC). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated

 BCF of 1.7(3,SRC), from an estimated log Kow(2,SRC), suggests that

 bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Highly fluorinated

 compounds such as tetrafluoroethylene are not expected to biodegrade

 rapidly(6). [(1) Swann RL et al; Res Rev 85: 23 (1983) (2) Meylan WM,

 Howard PH; J Pharm Sci 84: 83-92 (1995) (3) Lyman WJ et al; Handbook of

 Chemical Property Estimation Methods. Washington,DC: Amer Chem Soc pp.

 4-9, 5-4, 5-10, 15-1 to 15-29 (1990) (4) Howard PH, Meylan WM; Handbook of

 Physical Properties of Organic Chemicals, NY,NY: CRC Press(1997) (5)

 Franke C et al; Chemosphere 29: 1501-14 (1994) (6) Boethling RS et al;

 Environ Sci Technol 28: 459-65 (1994)] **PEER REVIEWED** 

 ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of

 semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), tetrafluoroethylene,

 which has a measured vapor pressure of 2.45X10+4 mm Hg at 25 deg C(2), is

 expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase

 tetrafluoroethylene is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with

 photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this

 reaction in air is estimated to be about 75 days(3,SRC). Vapor-phase

 tetrafluoroethylene may be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with

 ozone(4); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be about

 1.1 years(4,SRC). [(1) Bidleman TF; Environ Sci Technol 22: 361-367 (1988)

 (2) Daubert TE, Danner RP; Physical and Thermodynamic Properties of Pure

 Chemicals: Data Compilation. Design Inst Phys Prop Data, Amer Inst Chem

 Eng., NY,NY: Hemisphere Pub Corp, Vol 1 (1996) (3) Meylan WM, Howard PH;

 Chemosphere 26: 2293-99 (1993) (4) Atkinson R; J Phys Chem Ref Data,

 Monograph 2 (1994)] **PEER REVIEWED** 

ENVIRONMENTAL ABIOTIC DEGRADATION:

 The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of tetrafluoroethylene with

 photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 2.1X10-13

 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 deg C(SRC) using a structure estimation

 method(1,SRC). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 75

 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu

 cm(1,SRC). The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of

 tetrafluoroethylene with ozone has been measured as 2.8X10-20 cu

 cm/molecule-sec at 25 deg C(2). This corresponds to an atmospheric
 half-life of 1.1 years at an atmospheric ozone concentration of 7X10+11

 mol/cu cm(1,SRC). Carbonyl fluoride and oxygen have been observed as

 products of the vapor-phase ozonolysis of tetrafluoroethylene at room

 temperature; carbonyl fluoride, tetrafluoroethylene oxide and traces of

 perfluorocyclopropane have been identified as ozonolysis products when the

 olefin is in excess(3). Tetrafluoroethylene is not expected to undergo

 hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of hydrolyzable functional

 groups(4). [(1) Meylan WM, Howard PH; Chemosphere 26: 2293-99 (1993) (2)

 Atkinson R; J Phys Chem Ref Data, Monograph 2 (1994) (3) Sanhueza E et al;

 J Chem Rev 76: 801-26 (1976) (4) Lyman WJ et al; Handbook of Chemical

 Property Estimation Methods. Washington,DC: Amer Chem Soc pp. 7-4, 7-5

 (1990)] **PEER REVIEWED** 

ENVIRONMENTAL BIOCONCENTRATION:

 An estimated BCF of 1.7 was calculated for tetrafluoroethylene(SRC), using

 an estimated log Kow of 1.2(1,SRC) and a recommended regression-derived

 equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests

 that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). [(1) Meylan WM,

 Howard PH; J Pharm Sci 84: 83-92 (1995) (2) Lyman WJ et al; Handbook of

 Chemical Property Estimation Methods. Washington,DC: Amer Chem Soc pp.

 5-4, 5-10 (1990) (3) Franke C et al; Chemosphere 29: 1501-14 (1994)]

 **PEER REVIEWED** 

SOIL ADSORPTION/MOBILITY:

 The Koc of tetrafluoroethylene is estimated as approximately 110(SRC),

 using an estimated log Kow of 1.2(1,SRC) and a regression-derived

 equation(2,SRC). According to a recommended classification scheme(3), this

 estimated Koc value suggests that tetrafluoroethylene is expected to have

 high mobility in soil(SRC). [(1) Meylan WM, Howard PH; J Pharm Sci 84:

 83-92 (1995) (2) Lyman WJ et al; Handbook of Chemical Property Estimation

 Methods. Washington,DC: Amer Chem Soc pp. 4-9 (1990) (3) Swann RL et al;

 Res Rev 85: 23 (1983)] **PEER REVIEWED** 

VOLATILIZATION FROM WATER/SOIL:

 The Henry's Law constant for tetrafluoroethylene is estimated as 0.63

 atm-cu m/mole(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that

 tetrafluoroethylene is expected to volatilize rapidly from water

 surfaces(3,SRC). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the estimated

 volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec,

 wind velocity of 3 m/sec) is estimated as approximately 2.9 hours(3,SRC).

 The estimated volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep,

 flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec) is estimated as

 approximately 4.0 days(3,SRC). Tetrafluoroethylene's Henry's Law

 constant(1) indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces is

 expected to occur(SRC). The potential for volatilization of

 tetrafluoroethylene from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based on a vapor

 pressure of 2.45X10+4 mm Hg(2). [(1) Howard PH, Meylan WM; Handbook of

 Physical Properties of Organic Chemicals. NY,NY: CRC Press(1997) (2)
 Daubert TE, Danner RP; Physical and Thermodynamic Properties of Pure

 Chemicals: Data Compilation. Design Inst Phys Prop Data, Amer Inst Chem

 Eng., NY,NY: Hemisphere Pub Corp, Vol 1 (1996) (3) Lyman WJ et al;

 Handbook of Chemical Property Estimation Methods. Washington,DC: Amer Chem

 Soc pp. 15-1 to 15-29 (1990)] **PEER REVIEWED** 

ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS & REGULATIONS:

TSCA REQUIREMENTS:

 Pursuant to section 8(d) of TSCA, EPA promulgated a model Health and

 Safety Data Reporting Rule. The section 8(d) model rule requires

 manufacturers, importers, and processors of listed chemical substances and

 mixtures to submit to EPA copies and lists of unpublished health and

 safety studies. Tetrafluoroethylene is included on this list. [40 CFR

 716.120 (7/1/96)] **PEER REVIEWED** 

 Manufacturers and processors of tetrafluoroethene are required to conduct

 health effects testing under TSCA section 4. [40 CFR 799.1700 (7/1/96)]

 **PEER REVIEWED** 

CHEMICAL/PHYSICAL PROPERTIES:

MOLECULAR FORMULA:

 C2-F4 **PEER REVIEWED** 

MOLECULAR WEIGHT:

 100.02 [Lide, D.R. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 76th ed.

 Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press Inc., 1995-1996., p. 3-164] **PEER REVIEWED** 

COLOR/FORM:

 COLORLESS GAS [Lewis, R.J., Sr (Ed.). Hawley's Condensed Chemical

 Dictionary. 12th ed. New York, NY: Van Nostrand Rheinhold Co., 1993, p.

 1130] **PEER REVIEWED** 

ODOR:

 Odorless [Gerhartz, W. (exec ed.). Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial

 Chemistry. 5th ed.Vol A1: Deerfield Beach, FL: VCH Publishers, 1985 to

 Present., p. VA11 361] **PEER REVIEWED** 

BOILING POINT:

 -75.9 deg C [Lide, D.R. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 76th

 ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press Inc., 1995-1996., p. 3-164] **PEER

 REVIEWED** 
MELTING POINT:

 -142.5 DEG C [Lide, D.R. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics.

 76th ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press Inc., 1995-1996., p. 3-164] **PEER

 REVIEWED** 

CRITICAL TEMPERATURE & PRESSURE:

 Critical temperature = 33.3 deg C; Critical pressure = 3.82 MPa [Gerhartz,

 W. (exec ed.). Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. 5th ed.Vol

 A1: Deerfield Beach, FL: VCH Publishers, 1985 to Present., p. VA11 360]

 **PEER REVIEWED** 

DENSITY/SPECIFIC GRAVITY:

 1.519 g/cu cm at -76 deg C [Lide, D.R. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry

 and Physics. 76th ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press Inc., 1995-1996., p.

 3-164] **PEER REVIEWED** 

SOLUBILITIES:

 Water solubility = 1.59X10+2 mg/l @ 25 deg C [Horvath AL; Halogenated

 hydrocarbons: solubility-miscibility with water. NY,NY: Marcel Dekker, Inc

 pp. 889 (1982)] **PEER REVIEWED** 

SPECTRAL PROPERTIES:

 IR: 16251 (Sadtler Research Laboratories IR Grating Collection) [Weast,

 R.C. and M.J. Astle. CRC Handbook of Data on Organic Compounds. Volumes I

 and II. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press Inc. 1985., p. V1 627] **PEER REVIEWED**

 

 UV: 16575 (Sadtler Research Laboratories Spectral Collection) [Weast, R.C.

 and M.J. Astle. CRC Handbook of Data on Organic Compounds. Volumes I and

 II. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press Inc. 1985., p. V1 627] **PEER REVIEWED** 

 NMR: 9038 (Sadtler Research Laboratories Spectral Collection) [Weast, R.C.

 and M.J. Astle. CRC Handbook of Data on Organic Compounds. Volumes I and

 II. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press Inc. 1985., p. V1 627] **PEER REVIEWED** 

 MASS: 30 (National Bureau of Standards EPA-NIH Mass Spectra Data Base,

 NSRDS-NBS-63) [Weast, R.C. and M.J. Astle. CRC Handbook of Data on Organic

 Compounds. Volumes I and II. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press Inc. 1985., p. V1

 627] **PEER REVIEWED** 

 MASS: 4008 (National Bureau of Standards EPA-NIH Mass Spectra Data Base,

 NSRDS-NBS-63) [Weast, R.C. and M.J. Astle. CRC Handbook of Data on Organic

 Compounds. Volumes I and II. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press Inc. 1985., p. V2

 328] **PEER REVIEWED** 

VAPOR DENSITY:

 3.87 (AIR= 1) [National Fire Protection Guide. Fire Protection Guide on

 Hazardous Materials. 10 th ed. Quincy, MA: National Fire Protection

 Association, 1991., p. 325M-85] **PEER REVIEWED** 
VAPOR PRESSURE:

 Vapor pressure = 2.45X10+4 mm Hg @ 25 deg C /calculated from

 experimentally derived coefficients/ [Daubert, T.E., R.P. Danner. Physical

 and Thermodynamic Properties of Pure Chemicals Data Compilation.

 Washington, D.C.: Taylor and Francis, 1989.] **PEER REVIEWED** 

OTHER CHEMICAL/PHYSICAL PROPERTIES:

 ODORLESS OR FAINT ODOR; CRITICAL TEMP: 92 DEG F= 33 DEG C= 306 DEG K; HEAT

 OF POLYMERIZATION: -450 BTU/LB= 250 CAL/G= -10.5X10+5 JOULES/KG; CRITICAL

 PRESSURE: 573 PSIA= 38.9 ATM= 3.95 MN/SQ M; HEAT OF COMBUSTION: -4,000

 BTU/LB= -2,000 CAL/G= -90X10+5 JOULES/KG /INHIBITED/ [U.S. Coast Guard,

 Department of Transportation. CHRIS - Hazardous Chemical Data. Manual Two.

 Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, Oct., 1978.] **PEER

 REVIEWED** 

 MUCH HEAVIER THAN AIR [Lewis, R.J., Sr (Ed.). Hawley's Condensed Chemical

 Dictionary. 12th ed. New York, NY: Van Nostrand Rheinhold Co., 1993, p.

 1130] **PEER REVIEWED** 

 Critical density = 0.58 g/cu cm; Heat of evaporation = 16,821 J/mol at

 -75.6 deg C [Gerhartz, W. (exec ed.). Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial

 Chemistry. 5th ed.Vol A1: Deerfield Beach, FL: VCH Publishers, 1985 to

 Present., p. VA11 360] **PEER REVIEWED** 

CHEMICAL SAFETY & HANDLING:

DOT EMERGENCY GUIDELINES:

 /GUIDE 116P: GASES - FLAMMABLE (UNSTABLE)/ Fire or Explosion: EXTREMELY

 FLAMMABLE. Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Will form

 explosive mixtures with air. ... Those substances designated with a "P"

 may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Vapors from

 liquefied gas are initially heavier than air and spread along ground.

 Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Cylinders exposed

 to fire may vent and release flammable gas through pressure relief

 devices. Containers may explode when heated. Ruptured cylinders may

 rocket. /Tetrafluoroethylene, inhibited; Tetrafluoroethylene, stabilized/

 [U.S. Department of Transportation. 2004 Emergency Response Guidebook. A

 Guide book for First Responders During the Initial Phase of a Dangerous

 Goods/Hazardous Materials Incident. Washington, D.C. 2004] **QC REVIEWED**

 

 /GUIDE 116P: GASES - FLAMMABLE (UNSTABLE)/ Health: Vapors may cause

 dizziness or asphyxiation without warning. Some may be toxic if inhaled at

 high concentrations. Contact with gas or liquefied gas may cause burns,

 severe injury and/or frostbite. Fire may produce irritating and/or toxic

 gases. /Tetrafluoroethylene, inhibited; Tetrafluoroethylene, stabilized/
 [U.S. Department of Transportation. 2004 Emergency Response Guidebook. A

 Guide book for First Responders During the Initial Phase of a Dangerous

 Goods/Hazardous Materials Incident. Washington, D.C. 2004] **QC REVIEWED**

 

 /GUIDE 116P: GASES - FLAMMABLE (UNSTABLE)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency

 Response Telephone Number ... . As an immediate precautionary measure,

 isolate spill or leak area for at least 100 meters (330 feet) in all

 directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Many gases are

 heavier than air and will spread along ground and collect in low or

 confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Keep out of low areas.

 /Tetrafluoroethylene, inhibited; Tetrafluoroethylene, stabilized/ [U.S.

 Department of Transportation. 2004 Emergency Response Guidebook. A Guide

 book for First Responders During the Initial Phase of a Dangerous

 Goods/Hazardous Materials Incident. Washington, D.C. 2004] **QC REVIEWED**

 

 /GUIDE 116P: GASES - FLAMMABLE (UNSTABLE)/ Protective Clothing: Wear

 positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Structural

 firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection.

 /Tetrafluoroethylene, inhibited; Tetrafluoroethylene, stabilized/ [U.S.

 Department of Transportation. 2004 Emergency Response Guidebook. A Guide

 book for First Responders During the Initial Phase of a Dangerous

 Goods/Hazardous Materials Incident. Washington, D.C. 2004] **QC REVIEWED**

 

 /GUIDE 116P: GASES - FLAMMABLE (UNSTABLE)/ Evacuation: Large spill:

 Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 800 meters (1/2 mile).

 Fire: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for

 1600 meters (1 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation

 for 1600 meters (1 mile) in all directions. /Tetrafluoroethylene,

 inhibited; Tetrafluoroethylene, stabilized/ [U.S. Department of

 Transportation. 2004 Emergency Response Guidebook. A Guide book for First

 Responders During the Initial Phase of a Dangerous Goods/Hazardous

 Materials Incident. Washington, D.C. 2004] **QC REVIEWED** 

 /GUIDE 116P: GASES - FLAMMABLE (UNSTABLE)/ Fire: DO NOT EXTINGUISH A

 LEAKING GAS FIRE UNLESS LEAK CAN BE STOPPED. Small fires: Dry chemical or

 CO2. Large fires: Water spray or fog. Move containers from fire area if

 you can do it without risk. Fire involving tanks: Fight fire from maximum

 distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles. Cool containers

 with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Do not

 direct water at source of leak or safety devices; icing may occur.

 Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices

 or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire.

 For massive fire, use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles, if this is

 impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn. /Tetrafluoroethylene,

 inhibited; Tetrafluoroethylene, stabilized/ [U.S. Department of

 Transportation. 2004 Emergency Response Guidebook. A Guide book for First

 Responders During the Initial Phase of a Dangerous Goods/Hazardous

 Materials Incident. Washington, D.C. 2004] **QC REVIEWED** 
 /GUIDE 116P: GASES - FLAMMABLE (UNSTABLE)/ Spill or Leak: ELIMINATE all

 ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area).

 All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Stop leak

 if you can do it without risk. Do not touch or walk through spilled

 material. Do not direct water at spill or source of leak. Use water spray

 to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff

 to contact spilled material. If possible, turn leaking containers so that

 gas escapes rather than liquid. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers,

 basements or confined areas. Isolate area until gas has dispersed.

 /Tetrafluoroethylene, inhibited; Tetrafluoroethylene, stabilized/ [U.S.

 Department of Transportation. 2004 Emergency Response Guidebook. A Guide

 book for First Responders During the Initial Phase of a Dangerous

 Goods/Hazardous Materials Incident. Washington, D.C. 2004] **QC REVIEWED**

 

 /GUIDE 116P: GASES - FLAMMABLE (UNSTABLE)/ First Aid: Move victim to fresh

 air. Call 911 or emergency medical service. Give artificial respiration if

 victim is not breathing. Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

 Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes. In case of contact

 with liquefied gas, thaw frosted parts with lukewarm water. In case of

 burns, immediately cool affected skin for as long as possible with cold

 water. Do not remove clothing if adhering to skin. Keep victim warm and

 quiet. Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved

 and take precautions to protect themselves. /Tetrafluoroethylene,

 inhibited; Tetrafluoroethylene, stabilized/ [U.S. Department of

 Transportation. 2004 Emergency Response Guidebook. A Guide book for First

 Responders During the Initial Phase of a Dangerous Goods/Hazardous

 Materials Incident. Washington, D.C. 2004] **QC REVIEWED** 

SKIN, EYE AND RESPIRATORY IRRITATIONS:

 INHALATION CAUSES IRRITATION OF RESPIRATORY SYSTEM. CONTACT WITH EYES

 CAUSES SLIGHT IRRITATION. /INHIBITED/ [U.S. Coast Guard, Department of

 Transportation. CHRIS - Hazardous Chemical Data. Manual Two. Washington,

 DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, Oct., 1978.] **PEER REVIEWED** 

FIRE POTENTIAL:

 ATMOSPHERIC CONCN OF TETRAFLUOROETHYLENE SHOULD NOT BE ALLOWED IN CONTACT

 WITH OPEN FLAMES. [International Labour Office. Encyclopedia of

 Occupational Health and Safety. Volumes I and II. New York: McGraw-Hill

 Book Co., 1971., p. 1396] **PEER REVIEWED** 

 FLAMMABLE, DANGEROUS FIRE RISK [Hawley, G.G. The Condensed Chemical

 Dictionary. 9th ed. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., 1977., p. 847]

 **PEER REVIEWED** 

NFPA HAZARD CLASSIFICATION:

 Health: 2. 2= Materials that, on intense or continued (but not chronic)

 exposure, could cause temporary incapacitation or possible residual
 injury, including those requiring the use of respiratory protective

 equipment that has an independent air supply. These materials are

 hazardous to health, but areas may be entered freely if personnel are

 provided with full-face mask self-contained breathing apparatus that

 provides complete eye protection. [Fire Protection Guide to Hazardous

 Materials. 12 ed. Quincy, MA: National Fire Protection Association,

 1997., p. 325-8] **QC REVIEWED** 

 Flammability: 4. 4= Includes flammable gases, pyrophoric liquids, and

 Class IA flammable liquids. The preferred method of fire attack is to stop

 the flow of material or to protect exposures while allowing the fire to

 burn itself out. [Fire Protection Guide to Hazardous Materials. 12 ed.

 Quincy, MA: National Fire Protection Association, 1997., p. 325-85] **QC

 REVIEWED** 

 Reactivity: 3. 3= Includes materials that, in themselves, are capable of

 detonation, explosive decomposition, or explosive reaction, but which

 require a strong initiating source or heating under confinement. This

 includes materials that are sensitive to thermal and mechanical shock at

 elevated temperatures and pressures and materials that react explosively

 with water. Fires involving these materials should be fought from a

 protected location. [Fire Protection Guide to Hazardous Materials. 12 ed.

 Quincy, MA: National Fire Protection Association, 1997., p. 325-85] **QC

 REVIEWED** 

FLAMMABLE LIMITS:

 10.0-50.0% BY VOL [Fire Protection Guide to Hazardous Materials. 12 ed.

 Quincy, MA: National Fire Protection Association, 1997., p. 325-85] **QC

 REVIEWED** 

FLASH POINT:

 < 32 deg F ( < 0 deg C) [Fire Protection Guide to Hazardous Materials.

 12 ed. Quincy, MA: National Fire Protection Association, 1997., p.

 49-125] **QC REVIEWED** 

AUTOIGNITION TEMPERATURE:

 200 DEG C (392 DEG F) [Fire Protection Guide to Hazardous Materials. 12

 ed. Quincy, MA: National Fire Protection Association, 1997., p. 325-85]

 **QC REVIEWED** 

FIRE FIGHTING PROCEDURES:

 LET FIRE BURN; STOP FLOW OF GAS; COOL CONTAINERS WITH WATER. [U.S. Coast

 Guard, Department of Transportation. CHRIS - Hazardous Chemical Data.

 Manual Two. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, Oct., 1978.]

 **PEER REVIEWED** 

 If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless

 flow can be stopped. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Cool all
 affected containers with flooding of water. Apply water from as far a

 distance as possible. /Tetrafluoroethylene, inhibited/ [Association of

 American Railroads. Emergency Handling of Hazardous Materials in Surface

 Transportation. Washington, DC: Association of American Railroads, Bureau

 of Explosives, 1994., p. 1039] **PEER REVIEWED** 

TOXIC COMBUSTION PRODUCTS:

 WHEN BURNED IN AIR, GAS FORMS TOXIC CARBONYL FLUORIDE & HYDROGEN

 FLUORIDE. [U.S. Coast Guard, Department of Transportation. CHRIS -

 Hazardous Chemical Data. Manual Two. Washington, DC: U.S. Government

 Printing Office, Oct., 1978.] **PEER REVIEWED** 

FIREFIGHTING HAZARDS:

 VAPOR IS HEAVIER THAN AIR & MAY TRAVEL CONSIDERABLE DISTANCE TO SOURCE

 OF IGNITION & FLASH BACK. [U.S. Coast Guard, Department of

 Transportation. CHRIS - Hazardous Chemical Data. Manual Two. Washington,

 DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, Oct., 1978.] **PEER REVIEWED** 

 ...TOXIC IMPURITIES FORMED DURING PREPARATION OR PYROLYSIS OF

 TETRAFLUOROETHYLENE, PARTICULARLY OCTAFLUOROISOBUTYLENE.../ARE HAZARDOUS/.

 A FEW FATALITIES HAVE BEEN DESCRIBED FROM EXPOSURE TO THESE "HIGH

 BOILERS". [International Labour Office. Encyclopedia of Occupational

 Health and Safety. Volumes I and II. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co.,

 1971., p. 1396] **PEER REVIEWED** 

EXPLOSIVE LIMITS & POTENTIAL:

 UNINHIBITED TETRAFLUOROETHYLENE IS LIABLE TO SPONTANEOUS POLYMERIZATION

 &/OR DIMERIZATION... CONSEQUENT PRESSURE RISE IN CLOSED CONTAINER CAN

 RESULT IN EXPLOSION... THESE SPONTANEOUS REACTIONS ARE INITIATED BY ACTIVE

 IMPURITIES SUCH AS OXYGEN. [International Labour Office. Encyclopedia of

 Occupational Health and Safety. Volumes I and II. New York: McGraw-Hill

 Book Co., 1971., p. 1396] **PEER REVIEWED** 

 LIMITS: 11-60% [International Labour Office. Encyclopedia of Occupational

 Health and Safety. Volumes I and II. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co.,

 1971., p. 1395] **PEER REVIEWED** 

 A terpene inhibitor is usually added to the monomer to prevent spontaneous

 polymerization, and in its absence, the monomer will spontaneously explode

 at pressures above 2.7 bar. The inhibited monomer will explode if ignited.

 [Bretherick, L. Handbook of Reactive Chemical Hazards. 4th ed. Boston, MA:

 Butterworth-Heinemann Ltd., 1990, p. 216] **PEER REVIEWED** 

 Explodes when heated. [Fire Protection Guide to Hazardous Materials. 12

 ed. Quincy, MA: National Fire Protection Association, 1997., p. 49-125]

 **QC REVIEWED** 

HAZARDOUS REACTIVITIES & INCOMPATIBILITIES:
 Liquid tetrafluoroethylene, being collected in a liquid nitrogen-cooled

 trap open to air, formed a peroxidic polymer which exploded. [Bretherick,

 L. Handbook of Reactive Chemical Hazards. 4th ed. Boston, MA:

 Butterworth-Heinemann Ltd., 1990, p. 216] **PEER REVIEWED** 

 A mixture of the two monomers /tetrafluoroethylene and hexafluoropropene/

 and air sealed in an ampule formed a gummy peroxide during several weeks.

 The residue left after opening the ampule exploded violently on warming.

 [Bretherick, L. Handbook of Reactive Chemical Hazards. 4th ed. Boston, MA:

 Butterworth-Heinemann Ltd., 1990, p. 216] **PEER REVIEWED** 

 Accidental contamination of a tetrafluoroethylene gas supply system with

 iodine pentafluoride caused a violent explosion in the cylinders.

 Exothermic reaction of the limonene inhibitor with the contaminant present

 in the gas cylinders may have depleted the inhibitor and initiated

 explosive polymerization. [Bretherick, L. Handbook of Reactive Chemical

 Hazards. 4th ed. Boston, MA: Butterworth-Heinemann Ltd., 1990, p. 216]

 **PEER REVIEWED** 

 Incompatible with chloroperoxytrifluoromethane, difluoromethylene

 dihypofluorite, dioxygen difluoride, metal alkoxides, oxygen, sulfur

 trioxide, and triboron pentafluoride. [Bretherick, L. Handbook of Reactive

 Chemical Hazards. 4th ed. Boston, MA: Butterworth-Heinemann Ltd., 1990, p.

 216] **PEER REVIEWED** 

HAZARDOUS DECOMPOSITION:

 When heated to decomposition it emits highly toxic fumes of ... /hydrogen

 fluoride/. [Lewis, R.J. Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial

 Materials. 9th ed. Volumes 1-3. New York, NY: Van Nostrand Reinhold,

 1996., p. 3103] **PEER REVIEWED** 

HAZARDOUS POLYMERIZATION:

 Hazardous polymerization may occur. Usually contains inhibitors to prevent

 polymerization. [Fire Protection Guide to Hazardous Materials. 12 ed.

 Quincy, MA: National Fire Protection Association, 1997., p. 49-125] **QC

 REVIEWED** 

PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT & CLOTHING:

 SELF-CONTAINED BREATHING APPARATUS FOR HIGH CONCN /INHIBITED/ [U.S. Coast

 Guard, Department of Transportation. CHRIS - Hazardous Chemical Data.

 Manual Two. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, Oct., 1978.]

 **PEER REVIEWED** 

PREVENTIVE MEASURES:

 ANY POSSIBILITY OF LEAKS FROM POLYMERIZATION VESSELS SHOULD BE CAREFULLY

 CONTROLLED &, WHERE NECESSARY, EXHAUST VENTILATION SHOULD BE APPLIED.

 [International Labour Office. Encyclopedia of Occupational Health and

 Safety. Volumes I and II. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1971., p. 1396]
 **PEER REVIEWED** 

 ...IN VIEW OF THE HIGH TOXICITY OF CERTAIN OF DECOMP PRODUCTS, SMOKING

 SHOULD BE PROHIBITED AT WORKPLACE. [International Labour Office.

 Encyclopedia of Occupational Health and Safety. Volumes I and II. New

 York: McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1971., p. 1396] **PEER REVIEWED** 

 BECAUSE OF POTENTIAL DANGERS, CASUAL EXPT WITH TETRAFLUOROETHYLENE SHOULD

 NOT BE UNDERTAKEN BY THE UNSKILLED. [International Labour Office.

 Encyclopedia of Occupational Health and Safety. Volumes I and II. New

 York: McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1971., p. 1396] **PEER REVIEWED** 

 If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep sparks, flames, and

 other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and

 sewers. Attempt to stop leak if without undue personnel hazard. Use water

 spray to knock-down vapors. /Tetrafluoroethylene, inhibited/ [Association

 of American Railroads. Emergency Handling of Hazardous Materials in

 Surface Transportation. Washington, DC: Association of American Railroads,

 Bureau of Explosives, 1994., p. 1039] **PEER REVIEWED** 

 Personnel protection: Keep upwind. ... Do not handle broken packages

 unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. Approach fire

 with caution. /Tetrafluoroethylene, inhibited/ [Association of American

 Railroads. Emergency Handling of Hazardous Materials in Surface

 Transportation. Washington, DC: Association of American Railroads, Bureau

 of Explosives, 1994., p. 1039] **PEER REVIEWED** 

 Evacuation: If fire becomes uncontrollable or container is exposed to

 direct flame -- consider evacuation of one-half (1/2) mile radius. If

 material leaking (not on fire) consider evacuation from downwind area

 based on amount of material spilled, location and weather conditions.

 /Tetrafluoroethylene, inhibited/ [Association of American Railroads.

 Emergency Handling of Hazardous Materials in Surface Transportation.

 Washington, DC: Association of American Railroads, Bureau of Explosives,

 1994., p. 1039] **PEER REVIEWED** 

STABILITY/SHELF LIFE:

 Closed containers may rupture violently when heated. [Fire Protection

 Guide to Hazardous Materials. 12 ed. Quincy, MA: National Fire Protection

 Association, 1997., p. 49-125] **QC REVIEWED** 

SHIPMENT METHODS AND REGULATIONS:

 No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for

 transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance

 ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged,

 marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized

 by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./ [49 CFR

 171.2; U.S. National Archives and Records Administration's Electronic Code
 of Federal Regulations. Available from, as of February 15, 2006:

 http://www.gpoaccess.gov/ecfr/ ] **QC REVIEWED** 

 The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods

 Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to

 IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier

 regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting

 hazardous materials. [International Air Transport Association. Dangerous

 Goods Regulations. 47th Edition. Montreal, Quebec Canada. 2006., p. 260]

 **QC REVIEWED** 

 The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles

 for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for

 individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice

 are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index

 of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be

 consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used

 when shipping any substance or article. [International Maritime

 Organization. International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code. London, UK.

 2004., p. 45] **QC REVIEWED** 

STORAGE CONDITIONS:

 /CYLINDERS CONTAINING TETRAFLUOROETHYLENE UNDER HIGH PRESSURE/...SHOULD BE

 STORED IN A COOL, WELL-VENTILATED AREA & PROTECTED AGAINST ACCIDENTAL

 IMPACTS. [International Labour Office. Encyclopedia of Occupational Health

 and Safety. Volumes I and II. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1971., p.

 1396] **PEER REVIEWED** 

 Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated location. Separate from oxidizing

 materials, air, sulfur trioxide, halogen compounds. Outside or detached

 storage is preferred. [Fire Protection Guide to Hazardous Materials. 12

 ed. Quincy, MA: National Fire Protection Association, 1997., p. 49-125]

 **QC REVIEWED** 

CLEANUP METHODS:

 Eliminate all ignition sources. Stop or control the leak, if this can be

 done without undue risk. Use appropriate foam to blanket release &

 suppress vapors. Use water spray to cool & disperse vapors &

 protect personnel. Approach release from upwind. Absorb in noncombustible

 material for proper disposal. [Fire Protection Guide to Hazardous

 Materials. 12 ed. Quincy, MA: National Fire Protection Association,

 1997., p. 49-125] **QC REVIEWED** 

OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE STANDARDS:

THRESHOLD LIMIT VALUES:
 8 hr Time Weighted Average (TWA): 2 ppm [American Conference of

 Governmental Industrial Hygienists TLVs and BEIs. Threshold Limit Values

 for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents and Biological Exposure

 Indices. Cincinnati, OH, 2008, p. 55] **QC REVIEWED** 

 Excursion Limit Recommendation: Excursions in worker exposure levels may

 exceed 3 times the TLV-TWA for no more than a total of 30 minutes during a

 work day, and under no circumstances should they exceed 5 times the

 TLV-TWA, provided that the TLV-TWA is not exceeded. [American Conference

 of Governmental Industrial Hygienists TLVs and BEIs. Threshold Limit

 Values for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents and Biological Exposure

 Indices. Cincinnati, OH, 2008, p. 5] **QC REVIEWED** 

 A3; Confirmed animal carcinogen with unknown relevance to humans. 

 [American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists TLVs and BEIs.

 Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents and

 Biological Exposure Indices. Cincinnati, OH, 2008, p. 55] **QC REVIEWED** 

OTHER STANDARDS REGULATIONS AND GUIDELINES:

 Emergency Response Planning Guidelines (ERPG): ERPG(1) 200 ppm (no more

 than mild, transient effects) for up to 1 hr exposure; ERPG(2) 1000 ppm

 (without serious, adverse effects) for up to 1 hr exposure; ERPG(3) 10,000

 ppm (not life threatening) up to 1 hr exposure. [American Industrial

 Hygiene Association. The AIHA 1999 Emergency Response Planning Guidelines

 and Workplace Environmental Exposure Level Guides Handbook. American

 Industrial Hygiene Association. Fairfax, VA 1999., p. 27] **QC REVIEWED** 

MANUFACTURING/USE INFORMATION:

MAJOR USES:

 IN PREPN OF PROPELLANTS FOR FOOD PRODUCT AEROSOLS [International Labour

 Office. Encyclopedia of Occupational Health and Safety. Volumes I and II.

 New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1971., p. 1396] **PEER REVIEWED** 

 MONOMER FOR POLYTETRAFLUOETHYLENE RESINS; CHEM INT FOR

 HEXAFLUOROPROPYLENE; COMONOMER FOR PERFLUOROALKOXY RESINS, FLUORINATED

 ETHYLENE-PROPYLENE RESINS, & ETHYLENE-TETRAFLUOROETHYLENE RESINS;

 TERMONOMER WITH VINYLIDENE FLUORIDE & HEXAFLUOROPROPYLENE **PEER

 REVIEWED** 

 Used as a copolymer with hexafluoropropylene to substitute for

 polytetrafluoroethylene [Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology.

 3rd ed., Volumes 1-26. New York, NY: John Wiley and Sons, 1978-1984., p.

 V11 24] **PEER REVIEWED** 

 It is used mainly for the production of fluoropolymers. It reacts with
 perfluoronitrosoalkanes to produce so-called nitroso rubbers. It is also

 used in the production of low molecular mass compounds and intermediates,

 for example, for the manufacture of iodoperfluoroalkanes. [Gerhartz, W.

 (exec ed.). Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. 5th ed.Vol A1:

 Deerfield Beach, FL: VCH Publishers, 1985 to Present., p. VA11 361] **PEER

 REVIEWED** 

 PRINCIPAL INDUSTRIAL USE OF CF2:CF2 IS FOR PREPARATION OF

 POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE (TEFLON (R)) RESINS & COPOLYMERS.

 [International Labour Office. Encyclopedia of Occupational Health and

 Safety. Volumes I and II. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1971., p. 1396]

 **PEER REVIEWED** 

MANUFACTURERS:

 ICI Americas Inc, Hq, Wilmington, DE 19850, (302) 887-3000; ICI

 Fluoropolymers, Hq, 475 Creamery Way, Exton, PA 19341, (610) 363-4500;

 Production site: Bayonne, NJ 07002 [SRI. 1997 Directory of Chemical

 Producers -United States of America. Menlo Park, CA: SRI International

 1997., p. 945] **PEER REVIEWED** 

 PCR Inc., Airport Industrial Park, P.O. Box 1466, Gainesville, FL 32602,

 (904) 376-8246 [SRI. 1997 Directory of Chemical Producers -United States

 of America. Menlo Park, CA: SRI International 1997., p. 945] **PEER

 REVIEWED** 

METHODS OF MANUFACTURING:

 .../IT/ IS PRODUCED BY PYROLYSIS OF CHLORODIFLUOROMETHANE (CHCLF2) OR OF

 TRIFLUOROMETHANE (CHF3). [International Labour Office. Encyclopedia of

 Occupational Health and Safety. Volumes I and II. New York: McGraw-Hill

 Book Co., 1971., p. 1396] **PEER REVIEWED** 

 ...ANY SOURCE OF FLUORINE WILL COMBINE WITH CARBON @ TEMP GREATER THAN

 1500 DEG C TO FORM DIFLUOROCARBENE RADICALS (-CF2-) WHICH COMBINE UNDER

 APPROPRIATE CONDITIONS TO GIVE A LARGE YIELD OF CF2:CF2. [International

 Labour Office. Encyclopedia of Occupational Health and Safety. Volumes I

 and II. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1971., p. 1396] **PEER REVIEWED** 

 BY PASSING CHLORODIFLUOROMETHANE THROUGH A HOT TUBE. [Lewis, R.J., Sr

 (Ed.). Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary. 12th ed. New York, NY: Van

 Nostrand Rheinhold Co., 1993, p. 1130] **PEER REVIEWED** 

 Tetrafluoroethylene is manufactured in a four step process involving the

 independent production of hydrogen fluoride and chloroform. These products

 are subsequently reacted in the presence of antimony trifluoride to form

 chlorodifluoromethane. Finally, chlorodifluoromethane is pyrolysed at

 590-900 deg C to produce a yield of 95% tetrafluoroethylene [Kirk-Othmer

 Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. 3rd ed., Volumes 1-26. New York, NY:

 John Wiley and Sons, 1978-1984., p. V11 2] **PEER REVIEWED** 
GENERAL MANUFACTURING INFORMATION:

 CAN POLYMERIZE IN ABSENCE OF INHIBITOR, ESPECIALLY WHEN HEATED OR IN

 PRESENCE OF OXYGEN. /INHIBITED/ [U.S. Coast Guard, Department of

 Transportation. CHRIS - Hazardous Chemical Data. Manual Two. Washington,

 DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, Oct., 1978.] **PEER REVIEWED** 

 IT CAN...BE DIMERIZED UNDER APPROPRIATE CONDITIONS OF TEMP & PRESSURE

 TO OCTAFLUOROCYCLOBUTANE...WHICH IS A STABLE & PRACTICALLY NON-TOXIC

 PROPELLANT FOR FOOD PRODUCT AEROSOLS. [International Labour Office.

 Encyclopedia of Occupational Health and Safety. Volumes I and II. New

 York: McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1971., p. 1396] **PEER REVIEWED** 

FORMULATIONS/PREPARATIONS:

 Terpene B and d-limonene are added to tetrafluoroethylene to inhibit

 polymerization [Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. 3rd ed.,

 Volumes 1-26. New York, NY: John Wiley and Sons, 1978-1984., p. V11 93]

 **PEER REVIEWED** 

CONSUMPTION PATTERNS:

 AT LEAST TWO-THIRDS USED AS A MONOMER FOR POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE RESINS

 (1974) **PEER REVIEWED** 

 REFRIGERANTS, 39%; FOAM BLOWING AGENTS, 17%; SOLVENTS, 14%;

 FLUOROPOLYMERS, 14%; STERILANT GAS, 2%; AEROSOL PROPELLANTS, 2%; FOOD

 FREEZANT, 1%; OTHER, 8%; EXPORTS, 3% (1985) /FLUOROCARBONS/ [CHEMICAL

 PROFILE: FLUOROCARBONS (1986)] **PEER REVIEWED** 

U. S. PRODUCTION:

 (1972) GREATER THAN 6X10+9 GRAMS **PEER REVIEWED** 

 (1975) GREATER THAN 5.90X10+9 GRAMS **PEER REVIEWED** 

LABORATORY METHODS:

ANALYTIC LABORATORY METHODS:

 GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY HAS BEEN USED TO SEPARATE & DETECT

 TETRAFLUOROETHYLENE IN AIR, WITH LIMIT OF DETECTION OF 7 MG/CU M (2 PPM),

 & TO DETECT TETRAFLUOROETHYLENE IN PYROLYSIS PRODUCTS OF PTFE. [IARC.

 Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man.

 Geneva: World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on

 Cancer, 1972-PRESENT. (Multivolume work)., p. V19 288] **PEER REVIEWED** 

SPECIAL REFERENCES:
SPECIAL REPORTS:

 National Toxicology Program. Eleventh Report on Carcinogens (2005). The

 Report on Carcinogens is an informational scientific and public health

 document that identifies and discusses substances (including agents,

 mixtures, or exposure circumstances) that may pose a carcinogenic hazard

 to human health. Tetrafluoroethylene (116-14-3) is as reasonably

 anticipated to be a human carcinogen. [Available from, as of July 31,

 2009: http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/ntp/roc/eleventh/profiles/s170tfe.pdf ] 

SYNONYMS AND IDENTIFIERS:

SYNONYMS:

 ETHENE, TETRAFLUORO- **PEER REVIEWED** 

 ETHYLENE, TETRAFLUORO- [U.S. Department of Health and Human Services,

 Public Health Service, Center for Disease Control, National Institute for

 Occupational Safety Health. Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical

 Substances (RTECS). National Library of Medicine's current MEDLARS file.,

 p. 82/8106] **PEER REVIEWED** 

 FLUOROPLAST 4 [U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health

 Service, Center for Disease Control, National Institute for Occupational

 Safety Health. Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS).

 National Library of Medicine's current MEDLARS file., p. 82/8106] **PEER

 REVIEWED** 

 PERFLUOROETHENE **PEER REVIEWED** 

 PERFLUOROETHYLENE [Weast, R.C. (ed.). Handbook of Chemistry and Physics.

 60th ed. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press Inc., 1979., p. C-298] **PEER

 REVIEWED** 

 TETRAFLUORETHYLENE [U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public

 Health Service, Center for Disease Control, National Institute for

 Occupational Safety Health. Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical

 Substances (RTECS). National Library of Medicine's current MEDLARS file.,

 p. 82/8106] **PEER REVIEWED** 

 TETRAFLUOROETHENE **PEER REVIEWED** 

 1,1,2,2-TETRAFLUOROETHYLENE **PEER REVIEWED** 

 TFE **PEER REVIEWED** 

FORMULATIONS/PREPARATIONS:
 Terpene B and d-limonene are added to tetrafluoroethylene to inhibit

 polymerization [Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. 3rd ed.,

 Volumes 1-26. New York, NY: John Wiley and Sons, 1978-1984., p. V11 93]

 **PEER REVIEWED** 

SHIPPING NAME/ NUMBER DOT/UN/NA/IMO:

 UN 1081; Tetrafluoroethylene, stabilized 

 IMO 2.1; Tetrafluoroethylene, stabilized 

ADMINISTRATIVE INFORMATION:

HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES DATABANK NUMBER: 844

LAST REVISION DATE: 20050624 

LAST REVIEW DATE: Reviewed by SRP on 1/31/1998

UPDATE HISTORY:

 Field Update on 2009-08-12, 2 fields added/edited/deleted

 Field Update on 2009-04-16, 2 fields added/edited/deleted

 Field Update on 2008-08-23, 1 fields added/edited/deleted

 Field Update on 2008-08-21, 1 fields added/edited/deleted

 Field Update on 2007-06-07, 1 fields added/edited/deleted

 Field Update on 2006-04-18, 2 fields added/edited/deleted

 Field Update on 2006-04-17, 2 fields added/edited/deleted

 Complete Update on 2005-06-24, 2 fields added/edited/deleted

 Complete Update on 2003-08-29, 1 fields added/edited/deleted

 Complete Update on 02/14/2003, 1 field added/edited/deleted.

 Complete Update on 11/08/2002, 1 field added/edited/deleted.

 Complete Update on 10/16/2002, 1 field added/edited/deleted.

 Complete Update on 01/18/2002, 9 fields added/edited/deleted.

 Complete Update on 08/09/2001, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
 Complete Update on 05/16/2001, 1 field added/edited/deleted.

 Complete Update on 02/09/2001, 2 fields added/edited/deleted.

 Complete Update on 06/12/2000, 1 field added/edited/deleted.

 Complete Update on 03/28/2000, 1 field added/edited/deleted.

 Complete Update on 02/02/2000, 1 field added/edited/deleted.

 Complete Update on 09/21/1999, 1 field added/edited/deleted.

 Complete Update on 08/26/1999, 1 field added/edited/deleted.

 Complete Update on 05/04/1999, 1 field added/edited/deleted.

 Complete Update on 09/11/1998, 1 field added/edited/deleted.

 Complete Update on 09/02/1998, 1 field added/edited/deleted.

 Complete Update on 06/18/1998, 54 fields added/edited/deleted.

 Field Update on 06/02/1998, 1 field added/edited/deleted.

 Field Update on 02/27/1998, 1 field added/edited/deleted.

 Field Update on 10/17/1997, 1 field added/edited/deleted.

 Complete Update on 04/01/1997, 2 fields added/edited/deleted.

 Complete Update on 02/25/1997, 1 field added/edited/deleted.

 Complete Update on 02/21/1997, 2 fields added/edited/deleted.

 Complete Update on 07/11/1996, 1 field added/edited/deleted.

 Complete Update on 01/19/1996, 1 field added/edited/deleted.

 Complete Update on 10/19/1995, 1 field added/edited/deleted.

 Complete Update on 05/26/1995, 1 field added/edited/deleted.

 Complete Update on 05/04/1995, 1 field added/edited/deleted.

 Complete Update on 12/22/1994, 1 field added/edited/deleted.

 Complete Update on 08/23/1994, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
 Complete Update on 03/25/1994, 1 field added/edited/deleted.

 Complete Update on 08/20/1993, 1 field added/edited/deleted.

 Field update on 12/16/1992, 1 field added/edited/deleted.

 Complete Update on 09/03/1992, 1 field added/edited/deleted.

 Complete Update on 09/26/1991, 1 field added/edited/deleted.

 Complete Update on 10/04/1990, 6 fields added/edited/deleted.

 Field Update on 05/05/1989, 1 field added/edited/deleted.

 Field Update on 03/01/1989, 1 field added/edited/deleted.

 Field Update on 10/31/1988, 1 field added/edited/deleted.

 Complete Update on 04/22/1988, 1 fields added/edited/deleted.

Complete Update on 04/24/1987

Created 19830315 by DS