J - S09043 - 18

____________________________________ * Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court. NON - PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37 COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA

Appellee v. JOSE LUIS GONZALES

Appellant : : : : : : : : : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF

PENNSYLVANIA

No. 1119 MDA 2017 Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence May 4, 2017 In the Court of C ommon Pleas of Lancaster County Criminal Division at No(s): CP - 36 - CR - 0003943 - 2016 BEFORE: GANTMAN, P.J., McLAUGHLIN, J., and PLATT*, J. MEMORANDUM BY GANTMAN, P.J.: FILED MARCH 29, 2018 Appellant, Jose Luis Gonzales, appeals from the judgment of sentence entered in the Lancaster County Court of Common Pleas, following his bench trial convictions for possession wi th intent to deliver (“PWID”), possession of drug paraphernalia, receiving stolen property, firearms not to be carried without a license, and false identification to a law enforcement officer. 1 We affirm. In its opinion, the trial court fully and corre ctly set forth the relevant facts of this case. Therefore, we have no reason to restate them. The relevant procedural history of this case is as follows. On September 21,

_________________ ____________________ _______ 1 35 P.S. §§ 780 - 113(a)(30), (32); 18 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 3925(a), 6106(a)(1), 4914(a), respectively.J - S09043 - 18

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2016, Appellant filed a suppression motion. The court held a two - day suppression hearing on February 21, 2017, and February 27, 2017. After the suppression hearing concluded, the court denied Appellant’s suppression motion ; and the case proceeded to a stipulated bench trial. The court convicted Appellant of PWID, possession of drug p araphernalia, receiving stolen property, firearms not to be carried without a license, and false identification to a law enforcement officer. The court sentenced Appellant to an aggregate term of six (6) to sixteen (16) years’ imprisonment on May 4, 2017. On May 15, 2017, Appellant timely filed a post - sentence motion; the court denied relief on June 15, 2017. Appellant timely filed a noti ce of appeal on July 17, 2017. That same day, the court ordered Appellant to file a concise statement of errors compl ained of on appeal pursuant to Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b). Appellant timely complied on August 7, 2017. Appellant raises the following issue for our review: DID THE TRIAL COURT ERR IN DENYING [APPE LLANT’S] MOTION TO SUPPRESS W HERE THE POLICE OFFI CERS LACKED RE ASONABLE SUSPICION T HAT CRIMINAL ACTIVITY WAS AFOOT A ND, THEREFORE, DID N OT HAVE AN ADEQUATE BASIS TO SUBJECT [APPELLANT] TO AN INVESTIGATORY DETENT ION WHICH WAS IN VIO LATION OF THE FOURTH AND FO URTEENTH AMENDMENTS OF THE UNITED STATES’ CONST ITUTION AND ARTICLE I, SECTION 8 OF THE PENNSYLVANI A CONSTITUTION? (Appellant’s Brief at 5). Our standard of review of the denial of a motion to suppress evidence is as follows:J - S09043 - 18

- 3 - [An appellate court ’ s] standard of review in addressing a challenge to the denial of a s uppression motion is limited to determining whether the suppression court ’ s factual findings are supported by the record and whether the legal conclusions drawn from those facts are correct. Because the Commonwealth prevailed before the suppression court, we may consider only the evidence of the Commonwealth and so much of the evidence for the defense as remains uncontradicted when read in the context of the record as a whole. Where the suppression court ’ s factual findings are supported by the record, [th e appellate court is] bound by [those] findings and may reverse only if the court ’ s legal conclusions are erroneous. Where...the appeal of the determination of the suppression court turns on allegations of legal error, the suppression court ’ s legal conclusions are not binding on [the] appellate court, whose duty it is to determine if the suppression court properly applied the law to the facts. Thus, the conclusions of law of the [trial court are] subject to plenary review. Commonwealth v. Hoppert, 39 A.3d 358, 361 - 62 (Pa.Super. 2012), appeal denied , 618 Pa. 684, 57 A.3d 68 (2012). After a thorough review of the record, the briefs of the parties, the applicable law, and the well - reasoned opinion of the Honorable Jeffery D. Wright , we conclud e Appellant’s issue merit s no relief. The trial court opinion comprehensively discusses and properly disposes of the question presented. ( See Trial Court Opinion, filed October 27, 2017, at 6 - 9 ) (finding: under totality of circumstances, police had suffi cient information to form reasonable suspicion and conduct valid investigatory detention of Appellant ; for months, police investigated Appellant on suspicion of selling heroin and guns; Detective Cavanaugh tracked Appellant’s drug and gun activity as well as his location; police knew after they executed searchJ - S09043 - 18

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warrant on Howard Avenue address, Appellant would likely try to stash drugs and guns in his possession; when police arrived at storage facility, they immediately recognized Appellant as well as his ve hicle; Appellant’s departure from East End Avenue address and arrival at storage facility with large tote bag coincided perfectly with execution of search warrant on Howard Ave nue location ; based on Officer Hagy ’s train ing and experience , he knew drug and gun sellers often use storage lockers as stash houses and believed Appellant’s red tote contained illegal items ; investigatory detention of Appellant was reasonable under the se circumstances; Officer Hagy instructed Appellant to lower tote bag and slowly b ack up for officer safety; in abundance of caution, Officer Hagy handcuffed Appellant while Officer called for backup; Officer Hagy’s actions were reasonable for officer safety; Officer Hagy told Appellant he was being detained and asked him to sit on curb ; police restricted Appellant’s liberty for limited duration and for purposes of officer safety during investigative detention; police had probable cause to arrest Appellant for false identification after he gave incorrect name). Accordingly, we affirm on the basis of the trial court opinion. Judgment of sentence affirmed.J - S09043 - 18

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Judgment Entered. Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq. Prothonotary D ate: 03/29/2018Circulated 03/19/2018 01:56 PM 

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. D e f e n d a n t a rg u e s t h a t h i s M o ti o n to S u p p re s s wa s i m p ro p e 'rl y d e n i e d a n d h e ra i s e s t h e l i m i te d i s s u e t h a t t h ep o n c e l a c ke d re a so n a b l e s u s p i c i o n o f c ri m i n a l a ct i v i ty to s u bj e ct

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### s e l li n g - h e ro i n a n d fl re a rrn s i n t h e L a n ca s te r a re a . ( N . T . S u p p re s s i o n H r' n g 2/2 7 / 1 7 ,

. 3 9 4 3 '- 2 0 1 6 a t 6 8 )
. D e te cti v e C a v a n au q h re c e i v e d re p o rts fro m m u l t i p l e i n f o r m a n ts t h a t> J o s e G o n z a l e s c o n d u ct e d h i s " b u s i n e s s " fro m h i s h o u s e o n 2 3 3 H o w a rd Av e n u e i n

L a n c a s t e r C i ty a n d t h a t h e h a d t i e s w i t h t h e L a t i n K i n g s , a k n ow n L a n c a s t e r a re a s t re e t g a n g . 

## kL. a t 6 8 , 6 9 . Aft e r a p e ri o d o f s u rv e ill a n c e d e m o n s t ra t i n g s t e a d y f o o t t ra ffi c i n a n d o u t o f D e f

e n d a n t ' s h o u s e , c o l l e cti n g v a ri o u s re p o rts fro m i n f o r m a n ts , a n d m a k i n g a s u c c e s s fu l co n t ro ll e d d e l i v e ry o f h e ro i n fro m D e f e n d a n t , D e t e ct i v e C a v a n a u g h o b ta i n e d a w a r ra n t to s e a rc h t h e H o w a rd Av e n u e h o m e i n M a rc h 2 0 1 6 . 

## !!t. a t 6 9 , 7 0 . · H o w e v e r, o n t h e a ft e rn o o n i n w h i c h h e i n t e n d e d to e x e c u t e t h e w a r ra n t , t h e h o u s e w a s c o m p l e t e l y

' : q u i e t a n d t h e re w a s n o l o n g e r a n y f o o t t ra ffi c i n a n d o u t o f t h e h o u s e . 

## !!t. a t 7 0 . · D e t e ct i v e C a v a n a u g h d e t e r m i n e d t h a t t h e o c c u p a n ts o f t h e h o u s e h a d b e e n t i p p e d to t h e i n c o m i n g ra i d a n d h e c h o s e n o t to s e rv e t h e w a r ra n t o n t h a t d a y . 

## !!t. B e tw e e n M a rc h
. a n d J u l y o f 2 0 1 6 , D e t e ct i v e C a v a n a u g h c o n t i n u e d to g a t h e r i n f o r m a t i o n re l a t i n g to J o s e G o n z a l e s a n d d e t e r m i n e d t h a t h e w e n t b y t h e s t re e t n a m e o f " C o c o . " 

## kL. a t 7 1 . D e t e cti v e C a v a n a u g h a l s o d i s c o v e re d t h a t D e f e n d a n t h a d m o v e d to a n a d d re s s o n E a s t E n d Av e n u e i n L a n c a s t e r C i ty . 

## kL. a t 7 0 . A ll re p o rts fro m h i s co n fi d e n t i a l i n f

o r m a n ts re v e a l e d t h a t D e f e n d a n t c o n ti n u e d to s e ll h e ro i n fro m t h e h o u s e o n H o wa rd Av e n u e e v e n t h o u g h h e h a d re l o c a t e d to t h e n e w h o m e . 

### 19.:. a t 7 1 . Ac c o rd i n g l y , D e t e ct i v e C a v a n a u g h p l a n n e d to s u rv e il t h e D e f e n d a n t ' s a d d re s s o n E a s t E n d Av e n u e o n t h e d a y h e s e rv e d t h e s e a rc h w a r ra n t o n H o w a rd Av e n u e i n t h e e v e n t t h a t D e f e n d a n t t r i e d to t ra n s f

e r a s t a s h o f d ru g s . 

## kL. a t 7 4 . D e t e ct i v e C a v a n a u g h o b ta i n e d a n e w s e a rc h w a r ra n t f o r t h e H o wa rd Av e n u e h o u s e i n J u l y o f 2 0 1 6 b a s e d o n t h e f a cts t h a t w e re k n o w n to h i m i n M a rc h o f 2 0 1 6 w h e n h e o ri g i n a ll y p l a n n e d to e x e c u t e t h e s e a rc h w a r ra n t a n d t h e a d d i t i o n a l s u rv e ill a n c e h e c o n d u ct e d s i n c e t h a t d a t e . 

## !!t. a t 7 3 . P ri o r to s e rv i n g t h e J u l y w a r ra n t , a b ri e fi n g w a s
2a r ra n g e d a t E a s t t. a m p e te rPo li c e D e p a rt m e n t w i t h t h e L a n ca s te r C o u n ty S E RT te a m , . . t h e D ru g T a s k F o rc e , a n d s o m e L a n c a s te r C i ty p o l i c e o ffi c e rs . I d . a t 7 3 , 7 4 . D e t e cti v e C a v a n � u g h a d v i s e d t h e te a m o f t h e f a cts k n ow n to h i m , n a m e l y t h a t D e f e n d a n t wa s

· s e lli n g h e ro i n , g u n s , a n d tt.l a t h e a l s o h a d t i e s to t h e L a t i n K i n g s . 

### !st a t 7 4 . H e a l s o n o t i f i e d t h e te a m t h a t D e f

e n d a n t wa s n o l o n g e r l i v i n g a t H owa rd Av e n u e , b u t h e s t i l l h a d

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. t i e s to t h e re s i d en c e . 

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. 

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. . · h a d i n h i s p o s s e s s i o n fro m t h e E a s t E n d Av e n u e h o u s e to a n o t h e r l o c a ti o n . 

## kl T h e



### . . .

. Off i c e rs t h a t we � e a s s i g n e d to t ra c k "t h e E a s t E n d Av e n u e H o u s e w e re s h ow n p i ct u re s o f

. . . . t h e D e f e n d a n t" fro m s o c i a l m e d i a a n d w e re to l d t h a t D e f e n d a n t o p e ra te d 

### a g re e n F o rd E x p l o re r. ( N . T . S u p p re s s i o n H r' n q f /2 1 / 1 7 , 3 9 4 3 - 2 0 1 6 a t 9 , 1 . 0 )
. O n J u l y 1 4 , 2 0 1 6 , t h e S E RT te a m a n d t h e p ru g T a s k F o rc e e xe c u t e d t h e s e a rc h wa r ra n t o n t h e H owa rd Av e n u e l o c a t i o n . O ffi c e r J a s o n H a g y , . o f L a n c a s te r C i ty B u re a u o f P o l i c e wa s s p e c i fi ca ll y ta s ke d w i t h l o c a t i n g t h e D e f e n d a n t' s v e h i c l e . 

### .IQ.. O ffi c e r H a g y wa s a c co m p a n i e d i n . h i s p o l i c e v e h i c l e b y D e t e ct i v e R o b e rt ':"J h i t e f o rd . 

## kl · a t 1 1 . B o t h D e te ct i v e W h i t e f

o rd a n d O ffi c e r H a g y .w e re p re s e n t a t t h e g e n e ra l b ri e fi n g a t E a s t L a m p e t e r T ow n s h i p - P o l l c e D e p a rt m e n t o n t h e d a y b e fo re , a n d w e re a l s o s p e c i fi c a l l y b ri e f e d o n t h e i r a s s i g n m e n t b y D e t e ct i v e C a v a n a u g h . ( N . T. S u p p re s s i o n H r' n g 2 /2 7 / 1 7 a t 7 4 . ) T h e y we re p ro v i d e d w i t h s e v e ra l · p h o to g ra p h s o f t h e · D e f e n d a n t a s w e ll a s t h e l i c e n s e p l a t e ' n u m b e r o f D e f e n d a n t' s g re e n F o rd E x p l o re r. ( N . T . S u p p re s s i o n H r' n g 2 /2 1 / 1 7 a t 9 , 1 0 )
. · O ffi c e r H a g y a n d D e te ct i v e W h i te f o rd s e t u p i n a p a r k i n g l o t t h a t h a d a v i s u a l o f t h e i n t e rs e ct i o n o f E a s t E n d Av e n u e a n d A n n S t re e t , c l o s e to t h e 4 0 0 b l o c k o f E a s t E n d
3. . ' e

p . Av e n u e w h e re D e f e n d a n t w a s l i v i n g . 

## kl a t 1 2 . ' O ffi c e r H a g y d i d . n o t s e e t h e D e f e n d a n t . . o r h i s v e h i c l e a t t h a t l o c a ti o n a t t h e t i m e t h a t t h e w a r ra n t o n H o w a rd Av e n u e wa s b e i n g · . : s e r v e d : 

## -· llt ·w h il e t h e s e a rc h w a r ra n t w a sb e i n q e x e c u t e d , D e t e ct i v e W h i t e f o rd b e g a n

.. .

. re c e i v i n g re p o rts fro m t h e L a n c a s t e r C i ty S a f e ty C o a l i t i o n a b o u t s i g h ti n g s o f D e f e n d a n t' s v e h i c l e . I d . O ffi c e r H a g y a n d D e t e ct i v e W h i te f o rd w e re e v e n t u a ll y d i re ct e d to t h

_e i n t e rs e ct i o n o f M a n o r S t re e t a n d · C a m p b e ll Av e n u e · , n L a n c a s t e r C i ty w h e re t h e y l o c a t e d a g re e n F o rd E x p l o re r t h a t t h e y c o u l d i d e n t i fy a s

_t h e D e f e n d a n t ' s b a s e d o n t h e l i c e n s e p l a t e a n d p hys l c a l d e s c r i p t i o n t h e y h a d b e e n p ro v i d e d . 

### !s1 a t 1 4 . T h e y s p o tt e d t h e v e h i cl e a s i t wa s p u lli n g i n to t h e d ri v e w a y o f a s to ra g e u n i t. 

### llt Aft e r i d e

_ ri t i fy

_i n g t h e v e h i c l e , O ffi c e r H a g y i m m e d i a te l y re c o q rn z e d t h e D e f e n d a n t

. fro mt h e v a ri o u s p h o to g ra p h s h e wa s s h o w n b y D e t e ct i v e C a v a n a u g h . 

## kl a t 1 6 . T h e D e f e n d a n t w a s h o l d i n g a re d to t e · b a g i n o ne h a n d a n d i n s e rt i n g a ke y i n to t h e l o c k- o f t h e s to ra g e u n i t w i t h t h e o t h e r . 

## llt a t 1 6 . O ffi c e r H a g y e x i te d h i s v e h i c l e a n d d re w h i s w e a p o n i n a " s a f

e ty c i rc l e " , a p o l i c e rn a n e u v e rl n

_w h i c h t h e o ffi c e r' s g u n i s p u ll e d i n to h i s . c h e s t a n d f

a c i n g d o w n w a rd s . 

## ill a t 1 5 . U p o n a p p ro a c h o f t h e D e f e n d a n t , O ffi c e r H a g y. o b s e rv e d a n o t he ri n d i v i d u a l i n t h e D e f e n d a n t ' s v e h i c l e . I d . a t 1 9 . N o t w a n t i n g to e x p o s e , , . h i s b a c k to t h e i n d i v i d u a l i n t h e v e h i c l e h e m a i n t a i n e d h i s p o s i t i o n a n d a s k e d. t h e D e f e n d a n t to d ro p t h e b a g a n d w a l k b a c kw a rd s tow a rd s h i m . - � a t 1 8 . Aft e r i n i t i a l h e s i t a t i o n , D e f

e n d a n t c o m p l i e d . 

## llt O n c e D e f e n d a n t wa s n e a r, O f

fi c e r H a g y h o l s t e re d

, . h i s w e a p o n a n d h a n d c u ff e d h i m . 

## !s1 a t. 1 9 . O ffi c e r H a g y te s ti fi e d t h a t b a s e d o n h i s t ra i n i n g a n d e x p e ri e n c e a s · a p o li c e o ffi c e r h e c h o s e to h a n d c u ff D e f e n d a n t b e c a u s e t h e re w e re o n l y two o ffi c e rs t h e re to h a n d l e two i n d i v i d u a l s a n d h e h a d to e n s u re t h e · s a f e ty o f D e t e ct i v e W h i t e f o rd a n d h i m s e l f. 

## · kl a t 2 0 . O f fi c e r H a g y to l d t h e D e f e n d a n t

4f, . 

### t h a t h e wa s n o t u n d e r a r re s t b u t h e wa s b e i n g d e ta i n e d . � D e f e n d a n t wa s s e a te d o n t h e g ro u n d u n t i l b a c k u p a rri v e d . 

## !st. a t 

### 2 1 .

. , 

### O f fi c e r J o n a t h a n C a p l e o f t h e L a n ca s te r C i ty B u re a u of, P o l i c e wa s s u b s e q u e n tl y

. d i s p a t c h e d to a s s i s t O ff i c e r H a g y a n d D e te ct i v e W h i te fo rd w i t h t h e s u s p e cts t h e y h a d d e ta i n e d . 

## ill U p o n a r ri v a l , O ff j c e r C a p l e wa s ta s ke d w it h d e te rm i n i n g t h e i d e n t i ty o f t h e d e f e n d a n t . 

## ill a t 

### 3 1 . O ffi c e r C a p l e a s ke d t h e D e f e n d a n t h i s n a m e a n d d a te o f b i rt h a n d t h e n re l a y e d t h e i n f

o r m a t i o n g i v e n to h i m t h ro u g h L a n ca s te r C o u n ty ra d i o s o t h a t t h e · ' · • ' I , 1 ° ' 

### i d e n t i ty co u l d b e .v e r ifi e d . 

## ill a t 

### 3 3 . T h e D e f e n d a n t p ro v i d e d a n a m e a n d b i rt h d a te w h i c h we red e te r m l n e d to b e i n co r re ct. 

## · ill a t 

### 3 2 . D e f e n d a n t wa s t h e n a d v i s e d t h a t h e wa s u n d e r p o l i c e i n v e s t i g a t i o n a n d t h a t h e h a d a n o b l i g a t i o n to p ro v i d e O f fi c e r C a p l e

· • 

### w i t h a c c u ra te i n f

o r m a t i o n . 

### · !s;l. a t 

### 3 3 . D e f e n d a n t n e v e rt h e l e s s p ro v i d e d O ffi c e r C a p l e

. . ' ' 

### w i t h a d d i t i o n a l f

a l s e n a m e s a n d .f

a l s e d a te s o f b i rt h . : I d . . a t 3 4 . O ffi c e r C a p l e e v e n t u a ll y g o t t h e co r re ct i n f

o r ma t i o n fro m - t h e L a n c a s te r C o u n ty ra d i o a n d D e f e n d a n t a d m i tte d t h a t h i s n a m e wa s i n d e e d J o s e L u i s G on z a l e s w i t h a d a te of b i rt h o f 

### 3 /2 7 / 1 9 7 4 . 

## kl At t h a t t i m e D e f

e n d a n t wa s u n d e r a r re s t f o r F a l s e I d e n t i fi ca t i o n to a L aw E n fo rc e m e n t o ffi c e r . 

## kl a t 5 2 . A d ru g d e te ct i o n ca n i n e wa s t h e n b ro u g h t to t h e . s c e n e a n d i n d i ca te d a p o s i t i v e p re s e n c e of n a rco t i cs i n s i d e o f t h e re d to te b a g t h a t D e f e n d a n t h a d b e e n ca r ry i n g . 

### 19.:, a t 4 9 . P o l i c e s u b s e q u e n t l y o b ta i n e d a s e a rc h wa rra n t f o r t h e b a g a n d f o u n d t h a t i t co n ta i n e d 5 5 6 i n d i v i d u a l b a q s o f h e ro i n a n d a s to l e n 9 m m h a n d g u n . 

## ill a t · 

### 4 9 , 1 0 6 . T h e D e f

e n d a n t d i d n o t c h a ll e n g e a t t h e · s u p p re s s i o n h e a ri n g o r a t t ri a l , a n d d o e s n o t c h a ll e n g e n ow , t h e s u ffi c i e n cy of t h e s e a rc h wa rra n t o r a n y o f t h e a ct i o n s . . ta ke n b y 

### t h e o f

fi c e rs a fte r t h e s e a rc h wa r ra n t wa s e xe c u te d . 

## kl a t 6 .

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### D I S C U S S I O N .

D e f e n d a n t" a s s e rts i n h i s s ta te m e n t o f e r ro rs t h a t t h e p o l i c e l a c ke d re a s o n a b l e

, , : · , 

### s u s p i c i o n o f c ri m i n a l a . cti v i ty to s u bj e ct h i m to a n i n v e s ti g a to ry d e te n t i o n a n d t h a t a n y s u b s e q u e n t e v i d e n c eq a t h e re d b y p o li c e s h o u l d h a v e b e e n s u p p re s s e d a s fru i t o f a n i ll e g a l s to p a n d d e te n t i o n . (R..i
. 1 e: 

### fq QS l b ) � � l" \e , \t 1 B t 1 

### / 1 7 )
. C o n ta i n e d w i t h i n t h a t i s s u e i s w h e t h e r .t h e h

_a n d c u ffi n g o f t h e d e f e n d a n t b y O ffi c e r H a g y e s ca l a te d t h e i n v e s t i g a to ry

. . . 

### d e te n ti o n i n to a c u s to d i a l a r re s t. A n i n v e s ti g a to ry d e te n t i o n s u b j e cts 

## a p e rs o n to a " s to p a n d p e ri o d of d e te n t i o n i n o rd er f o r t h e l aw e n fo rc e m e n t o ffi c e r to o b ta i n m o re · i n f o rm a t i o n . " C o m . v . R o s a s , 8 7 5 A. 2 d 3 4 1 , 3 4 7 ( 2 0 0 5 )
. F o r t h e p o li c e to s u b j e ct a n i n d i v i d u a l to a n i n v e s t i g a to ry d e te n t i o n t h e y m u s t h a v e a tl e a s t re a s o n a b l e s u s p i c i o n . C o m . v . E lli s . 6 6 2 A. 2 d 1 0 4 3 , ' 

### · 1 0 4 7 ( P a . 1' 9 9 5 )
. I n d e te rm i n i n g w h e t h e r re a s o n a b l e s u s p i c i o n e x i s ts , t h e C o u rt m u s t a s s e s s t h e to ta li ty o f t h e c i rc u m s ta n c e s a n d d e te r m i n e w h e t h e r t h e f a cts t h a t we re k n ow n to t h e p o li c e o ffi c e rs a t t h e t i m e of t h e i n v e s t i g a to ry d e te n t i o n , s u p p o rt t h e offi ce r' s b e l i e f t h a t c ri m i n a l a ct i v i ty wa s o c c u rri n g . C o m . v . W il s o n , 6 2 2 A. 2 d 2 9 3 , 2 9 5

· ( P a . S u p e r. 1 9 9 3 )
. R e a s o n a b l e s u s p i c i o n i s n o t p ro b a b l e ca u s e a n d t h e re fo re a l e s s e r s h ow i n g o f f

a cts , l n b o t h q u a n ti ty a n d re li a b i li ty . w i ll j u s t i f y a n i n v e s t i g a to ry d e te n t i o n . C o m m o n we a l t h v . Z h a h i r, 5 6 1 P a . 5 4 5 , 7 5 1 A. 2 d 1 1 5 3 ( 2 0 0 0 )
. I t i s we ll s e tt l e d t h a t h a n d c u f fi n g o f a n i n d i v i d u a l d o e s n o t a u to m a t i ca ll y t u rn a n i n v e s t i g a t i v e d e te n t i o n i n to a n a r re s t. R o s a s a t 3 4 8 . A p o l i ce o f fi ce r m a y f

o r t h e i r s a f

e ty , h a n d c u f f 

# a n i n d i v i d u a l a s p a r

t. o f a n i n v e s t i g a to ry d e te n ti o n . C o m m o n w e a l t h v . . G u ill e s o. i e , . 74 5 A. 2 d 6 5 4 , 6 6 0 - 6 6 1 ( P a . S u p e r. 2 0 0 0 )
. T h e te s t f o r w h e t h e r a n i n d i v i d u a l i s u n d e r a r re s t i s a n o bj e ct i v e o n e v i e we d i n " t h e li g h t o f t h e re a s o n a b l e i m p re s s i o n
6c

l

co n v e y e d to t h e p e rs o n s u b j e ct e d to . t h e s e i z u re ra t h e r t h a n t h e s t ri ctl y s u b j e ct i v e v i e w o f t h e o ffi c e rs o r t h e p e rs o n b e i n g s e i z e d . C o m . v : B u t l e r, 7 2 9 A. 2 d 1 1 34 , 1 1 3 7 ( P a . S u p e r . 1 9 9 9 ) a p p e a l d e n i e d , 5 6 0 P a . � 6 8 , 7 4 2 A. 2 d 1 6 7 ( 1 9 9 9 )
. B a s e d o n t h e f

a cts i n t h i s c a s e ; I f

o u n d t h a t u n d e r t h e to ta l i ty o f t h e

. c i rc u m s ta n c e s t h e p o l i c e h a d m o re t h a n . s u ffi c i e n t e v i d e n c e to fo r m t h e re a s o n a b l e s u s p i c i o n t h a t t h e d e f

e n d a n t w a s e n g a g e d i n c ri m i n a l · a ct i v i ty s o a s to b e a b l e to v a l i d l y co n d u ct a n i n v e s ti g a to ry d e t e n ti o n ; F o r m o n t h s , D e f e n d a n t h a d b e e n u n d e r i n v e s t i g a t i o n b y D e t e ct i v e C a v a n a u g h f o r- s u s p i ci o n o f s e lli n g h e ro i n a n d fi re a r m s . U s i n g i n fo r m a n ts , D e t e ct i v eC a v an a u q h t ra c k e d D e f e n d a n t ' s d r u g a n d g u n- s e lli n g a ct i v i ty a s w e ll a s h i s c u r re n t w h e re a b o u ts . M o re o v e r , h e k n e w t h a t o n c e t h e s e a rc h wa r ra n t o n t h e H o wa rd Av e n u e h o u s e w a s e x e c u t e d , t h e D e f e n d a n t wo u l d li k e l y t ry to s ta s h a w a y d ru g s a n d f

i re a r m s i n h i s p o s s e s s i o n a n d t h e O ffi c e rs w h o w e re ta s k e d w i t h m o n i to ri n g D e f e n d a n t w e re a w a re o ft h i s . ( N . T . S u p p re s s i o n H r' n g 2 /2 7 / 1 7 a t 7 4 . ) W h e n t h e o ff

i c e rs a r ri v e d a t t h e s to ra g e l o ck e r t h e y i m m e d i a t e l y re co g n i z e d t h e D e f e n d a n t fro m t h e v a ri o u s p h o to g ra p h s t h a t t h e y w e re s h ow n b y D e t e cti v e C a v a n a u g h . T h e y re c o g n i z e d t h e v e h i cl e t h a t:t h e y w e re t a s k e d w i t h t ra c k i n g d o w n b y i ts m a k e , m o d e l , co l o r, a n d l i c e n s e p l a t e . D e f e n d a n t ' s d e p a rt u re fro m E a s t E n d Av e n u e a d d re s s a n d a r r i v a l a t t h e s to ra g e f a c ili ty w i t h a l a rg e to t e b a g co i n c i d e d p e rf e ct l y w i t h t h e e x e c u t i o n o f t h e w a r ra n t o n t h e H o w a rd Av e n u e l o c a t i o n . O ffi c e r H a g y t e s ti f i e d t h a t a s a re s u l t o f h i s e xt e n s i v e t ra i n i n g a n d e x p e ri e n c e i n n a rco t i cs i n v e s t i g a t i o n s t h a t h e w a s aw a re t h a t s e ll e rs 

### o f fi re a r m s a n d d r u g s o ft e n u s e s to ra g e l o c k e rs a s t h e i r s ta s h h o u s e s a n d t h a t h e b e l i e v e d t h a t t h e re d to t e b a g c o n t a i n e d i ll e g a l i te m s . ( N . T .

7

### S u p p re s s i o n H r' n g 2/2 1 / 1 7 a t 2 7 .)' G i v e n t h e s e c i rc u m s ta n c e s i n t h e i r to ta l i ty , i t wa s

re a s o n a b l e f

o r O ffi c e r H a g y to s u bj e ct t h e D e f e n d a n t to a n i n v e s t i g a to ry d e te n t i o n .

. 

### . M o re o v e r, t h e a cti o n s o f O f fi c e r H a g y d i d n o t t ra n s fo r m t h e i n v e s t i g a to ry

. . . . . 

### d e te n t i o n i n to a c u s to d i a l a rre s t. W h e n O f fi c e r H a g y co m m a n d e d t h e D e f e n d a n t to p u t d ow n t h e . _ b a g a n d s l ow l y b a c k u p h e d i d s o o u t o f co n c e rn f o r o ffi c e r s a f

e ty . 1 

### H e re a l i z e d t h a t t h e re wa s a n o t h e r i n d i v i d u a l i n t h e D e f e n d a n t' s v e h i c l e a n d t h a t h e wo u l d b e u n a b l e to a p p ro a c h D e f e n d a n t w i t h o u t e x p o s i n g h i s b a c k to t h e i n d i v i d u a l. E v e n w i t h D e te ct i v e W h i te f

o rd a s b a c k u p t h e re we re 

### O Q I Y two o ffi c e rs to h a n d l e 

## two i n d i v i d u a l s a n d s o i n a n a b u n d a n c e o f ca u t i o n , h e h a n d c u ff e d D e f e n d a n t a n d to l d · h i m to s i t o n t h e c u r b w h i l e h e ca ll e d f

o r b a c k u p . I f

o u n d t h a t t h e a cti o n s ta ke n b y .Qffi c e r H a g y we re re a s o n a b l e f

o r t h e p u rp o s e s o f o ffi c e r s a f e ty a n d re a s o n a b l e g i v e n t h e c i rc u m s ta n c e s o f t h e s i t u a t i o n . Ad d i ti o n a ll y , I n o te t h a t i t wa s n o t re a s o n a b l e f o r D e f e n d a n t to b e li e v e t h a t h e wa s u n d e r a r re s t . a t t h a t t i m e . H e wa s i n f o r m e d a fte r b e i n g h a n d c u ff e d t h a t h e wa s m e re l y b e i n g d e ta i n e d a n d h e wa s a s ke d to s i t o n t h e c u r b . W h i l e h i s l i b e rty a t t h a t m o m e n t wa s s o m e w h a t re s t ri cte d , i t wa s o f l i m i te d d u ra t i o n a nd d o n e f o r t h e p u rp o s e s o f o ffi c e r s a f

e ty a n d w i t h i n t h e a m b i t o f a n i n v e s t i g a to ry d e te n t i o n . O n c e D e f

e n d a n t g a v e f

a l s e i d e n t i fi ca t i o n to O ffi c e r C a p l e t h e re wa s p ro b a b l e ca u s e to a r re s t h i m . At t h a t m o m e n t , t h e i n v e s t i g a to ry d e te n t i o n b e ca m e a n a r re s t. T h e m e re f a ct t h a t 

### h e wa s h a n d c u ff e d a t t h et i m e t h a t t h e offi c e r wa s -t ry i n g to a s c e rta i n h i s i d e n t i ty d o e s n o t t ra n s f

o rm t h e d e te n t i o n i n to a n yt h i n g m o re .

I Inde e d , it turn s out th at thi s c onc ern for o ffi c er s afety w a s entire ly w arrante d g iv en th e fact th at a su b s e quent s e arch o f th e to te b ag D e fendant w a s ho l ding at the time he wa s detaine d c ontaine d a fire arm . 8i C O N C L U S I O N · .

. . .



### . B e ca u s e . t h e re wa s. s u tf i c i e n t e v i d e n c e f

o r't h e 

### p o li c e o ffi c e rs to h a v e a re a s o n a b l e: s u s p i c i o n t h a t t h e D e f e n d a n t wa s e n g a g e d i n c ri m i n a l a ct i v i ty a n d t h u s .

. . . . .



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### J . N o . 3 9 4 3 - 2 0 1 6

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