PB 151386

^echnlcul ^Vtote 27

DISTRIBUTION OF MAIL BY DESTINATION

AT THE SAN FRANCISCO, LOS ANGELES,

AND BALTIMORE POST OFFICES

U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS
THE NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

Functions and Activities

The functions of the National Bureau of Standards are set forth in the Act of Congress, March

3, 1901, as amended by Congress in Public Law 619, 1950. These include the development and

maintenance of the national standards of measurement and the provision of means and methods for making measurements consistent with these standards; the determination of physical constants and

properties of materials; the development of methods and instruments for testing materials, devices,

and structures; advisory services to government agencies on scientific and technical problems; in- vention and development of devices to serve special needs of the Government; and the development

of standard practices, codes, and specifications. The work includes basic and applied research,

development, engineering, instrumentation, testing, evaluation, calibration services, and various

consultation and information services. Research projects are also performed for other government

agencies when the work relates to and supplements the basic program of the Bureau or when the

Bureau's unique competence is required. The scope of activities is suggested by the listing of

divisions and sections on the inside of the back cover.

Publications

The results of the Bureau's work take the form of either actual equipment and devices or published papers. These papers appear either in the Bureau's own series of publications or in the journals

of professional and scientific societies. The Bureau itself publishes three periodicals available from

the Government Printing Office: The Journal of Research, published in four separate sections,

presents complete scientific and technical papers; the Technical News Bulletin presents summary

and preliminary reports on work in progress; and Basic Radio Propagation Predictions provides

data for determining the best frequencies to use for radio communications throughout the world.

There are also five series of nonperiodical publications: Monographs, Applied Mathematics Series,

Handbooks, Miscellaneous Publications, and Technical Notes. Information on the Bureau's publications can be found in NBS Circular 460, Publications of the

National Bureau of Standards ($1.25) and its Supplement ($1.50), available from the Superintendent

of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D.C.
NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

technical v2otc

27

DECEMBER 1959

DISTRIBUTION OF MAIL BY DESTINATION

AT THE SAN FRANCISCO, LOS ANGELES,

AND BALTIMORE POST OFFICES

Norman C. Severe and Arthur E. Newman

NBS Technical Notes are designed to supplement the Bureau's regular publications program. They provide a means for making available scientific data that are of transient or limited interest. Technical Notes may be

listed or referred to in the open literature. They are for sale by the Office of Technical Services, U. S. Department of Commerce, Washington 25, D. C.

DISTRIBUTED BY

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

OFFICE OF TECHNICAL SERVICES

WASHINGTON 25, D. C.

Price $1.50

dSCOMM—DC

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

1. Summary and Conclusions 1

2. Introduction 4

3. Definitions and Model 5

3.1 Definitions 5

3.2 The Model 6

4. Type of Mall Studied at San Francisco, Los Angeles, 6

and Baltimore

5. San Francisco Study 9

5.1 Volume Count Data 9

5.2 Tabulation of Estimated Distribution and 9

Observations

6. Los Angeles Study 23

6.1 Volume Count Data 23

6.2 Tabulation of Estimated Dlstrlbltlon and 23

Observations

7. Baltimore Study 40

7.1 Volume Count Data 40

7.2 Tabulation of Estimated Distribution and 40

Observations

(ill)
LIST OF FIGURES

Page

1. Flow Chan liiodel for the Distribuxions of 7

Outgoing Mail

2. San Francisco Flow Ciiart 12

3. Graph of Largest 200 Destinations for 13

San Francisco

4. Los Angeles Flow Chart 27

5. Graph of Largest 200 Destinations for 28

Los Angeles

6. Baltimore Flow Chart 43

7. Graph of Largest 200 Destinations for 44

Baltimore

LIST OF TABLES

1. San rrancisco Volume Count Data 11

2. Tabulation of Estimated Percentages of 14

the Total Volume to Each Destination for

San Francisco

3. Los Angeles Volume Count Data 25

4. Tabulation of Estimated Percentages of 29

the Total Volume of Each Destination for

Los Angeles

5. Baltimore Volume Count Data 41

6. Tabulation of Estimated Percentages of the 45

Total Volume to Each Destination for Baltimore

(iv)
Distribution of Mail by Destination at the San Francisco,

Los Angeles, and Baltimore Post Offices

Noinaan C. Severo and Arthur E. Nevman

This report presents the results of the application of

the sampling method presented in a paper by Norman C. Severo

and Arthur E. Newman entitled **A statistical chain-ratio

method for estimating relative volumes of mail to given

destinations", to appear in NBS Journal of Research 64C , No. 1

(Jan. -Mar. 1960). These studies were made at the San Francisco, Los Angeles, and Baltimore Post Offices.

1. Summary and Conclusions

This report presents the results of the application of

the '^Statistical Chain Ratio*^ method of sampling to determine

the distribution of mail by destination. The applications

are applied to outgoing first class letter-mail at the San

Francisco, Los Angeles, and Baltimore Post Offices. TTie

results for each of these post offices are included here.

Some of the principal conclusions of this study are:

San Francisco :

1. The largest 200 Destinations received 80%

of the Total Volume

2. Seventy-six percent of the Total Volume

remained in the state of California (not

including Air-mail and Go-backs).

3. Thirty-nine percent of the Total' Volume

remained in San Francisco.

4. Only seven Destinations received more than

1% of the Total Volume, respectively.

- 1 -
Los Angeles:

1. The largest 200 Destinations received 81%

of the Total Volume,

2. Seventy-eight percent of the Total Volume

remained in the state of California (not

including Air- mail and Go-backs).

3. Forty- two percent of the Total Volume remained

in Los Angeles.

4. Only six Destinations received more than 1%

of the Total Volume, respectively.

Baltimore:

1. The largest 200 Destinations received 78% of

the Total Volume.

2. Sixty-six percent of the Total Volume remained

in the state of Maryland (not including Airmail and Go-backs)

.

3. Fifty-one percent of the Total Volume remained

in Baltimore.

4. Only four cities received more than 1% of

the Total Volume, respectively.

In General :

1. The final percentages given in Tables 2, 4, and 6 may be

used to determine the expected number of letters per

Destination uu a daily or weekly basis. This may be done

by multiplying the percentage, expressed in decimals,

corresponding to the Destination by the average daily or

weekly Total Volume of letters.

- 2 -
2. When additional data of this type are needed for other

post offices it is strongly recommended that a

statistical sampling plan similar to that described in

NBS Journal of Research 64C , No. 1 (Jan. - Mar. 1960)

be used. The use of such a plan will result in:

a. accurate results,

b. no delay in moving the mail through the post office,

c. relatively small cost.

3. In the past such data have been gathered by complete

enumeration. It is our recommendation that such methods

be discarded for the more scientific statistical sampling

procedures

4. The studies in this report were conducted over very limited

periods of time, one or, at most, two weeks. If information about a longer period of time is desired then fewer

samples over a longer period of time could be taken.

5. In order to investigate regional patterns, additional

studies should be made in post offices within the various

regions.

6. All the data gathered thus far have been obtained from

fairly large size post offices. Some study should be

given to post offices that are somewhat smaller than

those already studied.

- 3 -
2. Introduction . This report presents the results of a statistical sampling procedure discussed in NBS Journal of Research 64C , No. 1

(Jan. - Mar. 1960) designed to estimate the distribution of

mail by destination (i.e., the proportion of mail going to

each destination). The results apply to outgoing first class

letter-mail at the San Francisco, Los Angeles and Baltimore

Post Offices.

It was intended, initially, to study five cities:

Baltimore, Washington, Philadelphia, Chicago and Los Angeles.

Philadelphia, Baltimore, and Washington were chosen because

they would tend to give a pattern of postal operations on the

East Coast. Chicago was chosen to show Mid-West influence,

and Los Angeles was selected to show the West Coast influence.

San Francisco was added to the list in an effort to find out

whether or not Los Angeles was atypical, because Los Angeles

services an unusually large area, as compared with other

Post Offices.

Section 3 gives the definitions used in this report and

the model of the flow of mail that is studied. Section 4

defines precisely the types of mail that were studied at

San Francisco, Los Angeles and Baltimore. Sections 5, 6, and

7 present the results of the San Francisco, Los Angeles, and

Baltimore studies, respectively.

- 4 -
3. Definitions, and Model

3.1 Definitions . A list of definitions of terms, as used

in this report, is given here for reference. — These definitions are given in order to avoid misinterpretation and

ambiguity because of postal language differences between

post offices.

1. Separation. - A Separation is a classification characterized by a labeled pigeon-hole on a sorting case.

2. Destination. - A Destination for a given post office is a final Separation made at that post office. All „/

directs and residues are included in this classification.—^

3. Direct. - A Direct is a Destination to a single given

post office.

4. Distribution. - A Distribution is the function of

physically sorting letters into their respective

separation boxes.

5. Primary. - The term Primary , (often referred to as Hailing

Primary), is the first stage of Distribution of outgoing

mail.

6. Secondary. - The term Secondary (often referred to as

State Primary) , is the second stage of Distribution of

outgoing mail. Secondary mail can not be distributed to

final Destination on the Primary.

7. Tertiary. - The term Tertiary, (often referred to as State Secondary), is the third stage of Distribution of

outgoing mail. Tertiary mail cannot be distributed to

final Destination on the Secondary.

8. By-pass mail. - The term By-pass mail refers to mail

which receives its first Distribution in the Secondary

or Tertiary cases. Also the term refers to mail which

goes directly to the city section.

9. Residue. - The term Residue refers to mail destined for

post offices for which no direct Separation is provided

in case or rack.

\/ Terms not defined in this section are used as given in the

"Glossary of Postal Terms in Common Use".

2/ Nixies, Go-backs, Misfiles, Air Mail and Foreign off

Primary are also considered Destinations in this study.

- 5 -
3.2 The Model , The model for the operation of outgoing

mail that is discussed in this report consists of a three

stage sorting scheme which can be represented by a flow chart

as given in Figure 1. The Total Volume in the top box

consists of those types of mail indicated in Section 4. This

volume then divides into two parts, that which goes into the

Primary and that which by-passes the Primary. The By-pass

mail is sent either to the city section or into the Secondary.

Mail leaving the Primary may go either to its Destinations

or into the Secondary, Mail leaving the Secondary goes

either to its Destinations or into the Tertiary, Mail leaving

the Tertiary goes directly to its Destinations.

4. Type of Mail Studied at San Francisco, Los Angeles, and

Baltimore . The Total Volume of mail studied in the San Francisco,

Los Angeles and Baltimore Post Offices may be classified as

outgoing first class letter mail of the following types:

1. Cancellation Mail (Machine and Hand)

a. Stamped Mail into Mailing Primary

b. Air Mail to Mailing Primary

c. Specials to Mailing Primary

d. Stamped Mail into Secondary by-passing Primary

e. Stamped By-pass mail to city.

- 6 -
¥

3Y-PASS

CITY

BY-PASS

TOTAL VOLUM£

/='f^lMAR.y

3EC0NDAr<Y

TBRT/A RY

PESr/t^ATfON^

£>£sr///Ar/0A/s

PEST/A/A T/OAfS

Figure 1

Flow Chart Model for the Distribution of

Outgoing Hail

- 7 -
2. Non-Cancellation Mail

a. Metered into Primary

b. Metered into Secondary by-passing Primary

c. Air Mail into Mailing Primary

d. Specials into Mailing Primary

e. Permit into Primary

fPermit into Secondary by-passing Primary

g. Penalty to Primary

h. Metered and Permit By-Pass to City

3. Pis Mail

3/

a. Transit and Red Line —' into Secondary

b. Transit and Red line into Tertiary

c. Transit and Red line to city

Not included in this study is any type of incoming letter

mail nor outgoing first class letter mail of the following

types

1. All mail to Air Mail and Special Delivery Sections

by-passing mailing Primary

2. Dis mall to dispatch without separation

3. Large special mailings which would tend to bias

the sample.

3/ Regular first class mail carried by air.

- 8 -
5. San Francisco Study

5.1 Volume Count Data . Special volume counts were made

in San Francisco to determine what percentage of the Total

Volume flowed into the Primary, how much by-passed the Primary

and flowed either into the City section for local distribution

or into the Secondary. These counts were made on six days,

June 21, 24, 25, 26, 27, and 28, 1957, between the hours of

10:00 A.M. and 10:00 P.M.

The Total volume figures and the corresponding percentages are summarized in Table 1 and are presented here to

enable the reader to convert the final percentage figures

of mail to each Destination to pieces. The flow chart given

in Figure 2 contains the basic proportion figures of the

Total Volume of mail to each stage of Distribution.

5.2 Tabulation of Estimated Distribution and Observations . The tabulation of the estimated proportions of the Total

Volume mail going to each Destination is given in Table 2.

These are listed in order of descending value. The largest

200 are listed by name and the remainder grouped by percentages. Figure 3 graphically portrays the largest 200

Destinations by percentage. Several observations, based on

the tabulation, are given here:

- 9 -
1. The largest 200 Destinations received 80% of

the Total Volume

2. Seventy-six percent of the Total Volume remained

in the State of California (not including Air Mail

and Go backs)

3. Thirty-nine percent of the Total Volume remained

in San Francisco

4. Seven Destinations: San Francisco, Oakland, Los

Angeles, Washington State, Berkeley, New York City,

and Sacramento were the only Destinations to receive

more than one percent of the Total Volume

5. Eighty percent of the Total Volume remained on the

West Coast (not including Air Mail and Go backs)

- 10 -
¥ 3 I

CO

cvj in o o CQ 00 "*

N CO CO 00 o o o in in to rH

cji cj o in Ti<

O to

O CO 00

to c>J 01 ooo co'

OO CM • • • CO to CM

CM CM CO oi ^ ^ c> iH to r^ CM o

TJ r-( 00 -H c^i "^ in CO 00 ^ to in 00 r-i CM T»«rH 00 Oi +J C rt 00 '^ 00 CVI rH 00 o CO

Oj +J •\ •> "s •k •» •» ^ •* •d • u o rH CO rH to rHN ** rH (Ub«

OE-i iH iH CM CO ^^o

doo

Oi • g to s t t t s c c c t t 000 O CO to to iH » ^ 00 ^ » CO o o » B O

t^ iH rH in '^ rH to o H 00 to Oi (0 in1 00

^^ CO rH Tt<O CM • to

d

Ci to CO ^ CO Oi to <ji 00 in TjJcO ^ tis to «1<

M inO CO rH fH

N 00 CO Tj< '^ CO rH

H to • d 1 Oi CO ^ to H in to TJ* +J -p (O iH N T}« in (H V.-P

•p' St t - t r m » » m -P t* Oi to O «£> O CO in in oi to Tj« ooin CM rH CM rH in 00 in rHO Tt»^ TJ« rH 1 • . B V » » . • • O -H

t^ "(f o in CO eq in in iH rH

O Co' TjJ too in rH

O

Od

ti

N 00 to 0> rH to 00 to to CO r-i

H CM CM CM 6 p 1 Oi N rH rj« rH in to c«i r-i SS

<£> iH

N r)t in

(h 0} d

+» 

•d e a o t e s e r m 5 » g » •• »H -H 3 •• to to 00 O to Oi CO to in o CM CO CO o in H o d ^ o in H CO to rHO CM CO o O A

to to rH CO in in CO in CO in o 00 "* Oi too in • to +J «H

(U

A «->

N CO to o>O 00 ^ ^ 00 r-i r-i o U)

g bA (]) 1 rH 00 fH

N ,-t in to Oi o s d (0 N H •«* ^ a fl iH (H u U 'H > M a -P H •H r c r t • » » • t ^ m «H (h ^-^ to 00 oi CO o CO Cq to ?• O H PO to CO o in to o o a in Oi in ft M CO Oi CM"** in T3 ft n <3 •H 1 in » » » » »

tj* CO in Ci CO in Oi 00 in CO 00 oi in 00 o • • CO to' CO

U

OO

NN

O CJ5

H CVI to 00 ^ ''I'rH o H

N Oi

d ft

a o 1 Oi TJI rH in r-i CO in

O

c4 •• o H C>1 Tl* in Ifl 0) hO •H x: &«»H p

fl (3 set « t £ • • m »

(d to to Ci o o to '^ rj4

O to eg CM CO o m ^ ^ P 0) 09 in iH HTJ< Oi iJ« CMfH CO 0X1 1 ^ ^ •> ^ • • • •• • • » «• • • • d -P

'«*'

O CSI too Cvj cvioj CO c«« in o rH to

O to in «H

N toOM

O 00 00 in CO r-i n< •> 1 00 rH to to "^ in rH tJ)^^ (0 r-i 09 ^ in fl cH

•HP

J3 -P t t t » » •» m m bo to to o to o to 00 CO CM CO 00 to to H '«1« in in r-i r-i r-i O 00 to a> 1 ^ ^ •• ^ *. m • ^ » • • > u

r-i to eooi

NN Tj< TP

O 00 o o in OO ^ N O to to to 00 to r-i 00 H -"l* ^ 1 O -^ r-l to * -^ 00 in 0) • «0 NCM rj* in ft-p O «H ^.\

(0 ft • J«» (0 •p o (fl H <U O) mt3 & >t dp ^ r-i P

^< 1 u

O o >> >. d M >» -p d p H <H Oi

•M (H POO

an fl T3 fl »H CM

iTl

a ^t rH r-< (1) o«u HO)

a (X

u r-i 0) -o

iH

g e 0)

d >.+j do >. e <u

a o B (1>

dO fl •H •H nj -P a -P w +J >H •-> d -P W P ^4 o d -P W P ^H d

(d & M

O 0) -H 0) -H P Q) -H 0) 0) P Q) -H 0)

U « a M a P4O0« HA O wa Q E-t A OT CO a Q HO. O - 11 -
'"4'

BY-PASS

CITY

er-pAss

•26

H'

TOTAL

VOLUME

MAfLiNQPR/MARY

SECONDARY

TERTIARY

ReStDU£

DESTINATIONS

PIR.ECTS

PJR,£CTS

/^ OBTA/N£P PROM ^AMPl£S

Q OBTAJN^O P/^OM \/OLUM£' CoUNTS

Figure 2

San Francisco Flow Chart

- 12 -
CO

0)

•H

1^ oo

(0 •HOdddo

•H

•Pd&oo

C4

+»

(0bo

"S

xid oo ^ o

<I0 S <S ^ j^ ^ § - 13 -
TABLE 2

TABULATION OF ESTIMATED PERCENTAGES OF THE TOTAL

VOLUME TO EACH DESTINATION FOR SAN FRANCISCO

Largest 200 Destinations

Listed by Name

1. San Francisco Inc. City By Pass

2. Oakland, California

3. Los Angeles, California

4. Sacramento, California

5. Washington State

6. Berkeley, California

7. New York City, New York

8. San Jose, California

9. Seattle, Washington

10. Oregon State

11. San Mateo, California

12. Redwood City, California

13. Daly City, California

14. Palo Alto, California

15. Fresno, California

16. Portland, Oregon

17. South San Francisco

18. Chicago, Illinois

19. San Rafael, California

20. Stockton, California

21. Burlingarae, California

22. Menlo Park, California

23. Santa Rosa, California

24. San Diego, California

25. Vallejo, California

Cumulative

Percent Percent

38.501 38.501

8.158 46.659

2.789 49.448

1.364 50.812

1.155 51.967

1.147 53.114

1.116 54.230

.961 55.191

.860 56.051

.775 56.826

.759 57.585

.679 58.264

.670 58.934

.654 59.588

.612 60.200

.605 60.805

.574 61.379

.566 61.945

.521 62.466

.504 62.970

.396 63.366

.394 63.760

.352 64.112

.349 64.461

.295 64.756

- 14 -
26. Reno, Nevada

27. Hayward, California

28. Richmond, California

29. San Leandro, California

30. Long Beach, California

31. Alameda, California

32. San Bruno, California

33. Mill-Valley, California

34. San Carlos, California

35. Walnut Creek, California

36. Washington, D. C. (of f. and unoff

37. Salt Lake City, Utah

38. Santa Cruz, California

39. Sunnyvale, California

40. Denver, Colorado

41. Watsonville, California

42. Los Altos, California

43. Salinas, California

44. Vet. Adm., (Denver, Colo.)

45. Concord, California

46. Phoenix, Arizona

47. Mountain View, California

48. San Anselmo, California

49. Millbrae, California

50. Santa Clara, California

51. Napa, California

52. Modesta, California

53. Los Gatos, California

54. Bakersfield, California

55. Belmont, California

- 15 -

Cumulative

Percent Percent

.292 65.048

.287 65.335

.281 65.616

.277 65.893

.272 66.165

.264 66.429

.261 66.690

.252 66.942

.244 67.186

.234 67.420

.232 67.652

.229 67.881

.210 68.091

.207 68.298

.205 68.503

.195 68.698

.192 68.890

.189 69.079

.187 69.266

.185 69.451

.183 69.634

.167 69.801

.167 69 . 968

.164 70.132

.164 70.296

.162 70.458

.159 70.617

.158 70.775

.152 70.927

.138 71.065
56. Eureka, California

57. Sausalito, California

58. Santa Barbara, California

59. Monterey, California

60. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

61. La Fayette, California

62. Ukiah, California

63. Minneapolis, Minnesota

64. Emeryville, California

65. Pasadena, California

66. Petaluma, California

67. Chico, California

68. St. Louis. Missouri

69. Brooklyn, New York

70. Redding, California

71. Sharp Park jCalif ornia

72. San Lorenzo, California

73. Long Isl. Cities, New York

74. Elcerrito^California

75. Detroit, Michigan

76. Garden City, New York

77. Merced, California

78. Dallas, Texas

79. Carmel, California

80. Castro Valley, California

81. Las Vegas, Nevada

82. San Pedro, California

83. Sonoma, California

84. Houston, Texas

85. Boston, Massachusetts

Cumulative

Percent Percent

.135 71.200

.134 71.334

.129 71.463

.127 71.590

.121 71.711

.116 71.827

.114 71.941

.112 72.053

.110 72.163

.110 72.273

.108 72.381

.107 72.488

.106 72.594

.106 72.700

.104 72.804

.100 72.904

.098 73.002

.097 73.099

.095 73.194

.094 73.288

.094 73.382

.094 73.476

.093 73.569

.093 73.662

.092 73.754

.088 73.842

.087 73.929

.086 74.015

.085 74.100

.085 74.185

- 16 -
86. Tuscon, Arizona

87. Glendale, California

88. Cleveland, Ohio

89. Sebastapol, California

90. Lodi, California

91. Atherton, California

92. Hawaii

93. Cincinnati, Ohio

94. San Antonio, Texas

95. Beverly Hills, California

96. Martinez, California

97. Visalia, California

98. Whittier, California

99. Pittsburg, California

100. North Hollywood, California

101. Riverside, .California

102. Novato, California

103. Turlack, California

104. Paso Robles, California

105. Van Nuys, California

106. Kansas City, Missouri

107. Saratoga, California

108. Baltimore, Maryland

109. Albany, California

110. Kentfield, California

111. Boise, Idaho

112. Cupercmo, California

113. New Orleans, Louisiana

114. Orinda, California

115. Woodland, California

Cumulative

Percent Percent

.083 74.268

.082 74.350

.080 74.430

.079 74.509

.079 74.588

.078 74.666

.077 74.743

.076 74.819

.075 74.894

.073 74.967

.072 75.039

.071 75.110

.069 75.179

.069 75.248

.068 75.316

.068 75.384

.068 75.452

.068 75.520

.068 75.588

.067 75.655

.067 75.722

.067 75.789

.067 75.856

.067 75.923

.067 75.990

.066 76.056

.066 76.122

.065 76.187

.063 76.250

.063 76.313

- 17 -
116. Burbank, California

117. Santa Monica^ California

118. >Santa Ana^ California

119. Inglewood, California

120. San Bernadino^ California

121. Stanford, California

122. Milwaukee, Wisconsin

123. Healdsburg, California

124. Campbell, California

125. Sonora, California

126. Fairfax, California

127. San Luis Obispo, California

128. Marysville, California

129. Corte Madera, California

130. Oroville, California

131. St. Paul, Minnesota

132. Ogden, Utah

133. Ontario, Canada

134. San Fernando, California

135. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

136. Gilroy, California

137. Woodside, California

138. Fort Ord, California

139. Liverraore, California

140. Terre Haute, Indiana

141. Ross, California

142. Monterey Park, California

143. San Pablo, California

144. Auburn, California

145. Alharabra, California

Percent

Cumulative

Percent

.062 76.375

.061 76.43^

.061 76.497

.061 76.558

.060 76.618

.060 76.678

.060 76.738

.060 76.798

.059 76.857

.058 76.915

.057 76.972

.056 77.028

.055 77.083

.055 77.138

.055 77.193

.055 77.248

.055 77.303

.054 77.357

.054 77.411

.053 77.464

.052 77.516

.052 77.568

.051 77.619

.050 77.669

.049 77.718

.049 77.767

.048 77.815

.048 77.863

.048 77.911

.047 77.958

- 18 -
146. Tracy California

147. Yuba City, California

148. Larkspur, California

149. Antioch , California

150. El Paso, Texas

151. Hanf ord , California

152. Ventura, California

153. Vancouver, B.C.

154. Brisbane , California

155. Pacific Grove , California

156. Omaha, Nebraska

157. Indianapolis, Indiana

158. Dayton, Ohio

159. Hollistar, California

160. Madera, California

161. Fort Bragg', California

162. Guernerville, California

163. Montreal, Quebec

164. Calistoga, California

165. Areata, California

166. Albuquerque, New Mexico

167. Santa Maria, California

168. Ft. Worth, Texas

169. Toronto, Ontario

170. Grass Valley, California

171. Anaheim, California

172. St. Helena, California

173. South Gate, California

174. Pleasantville, New York

175. Seaside, California

Cumulative

Percent Percent

.047 78.005

.047 78.052

.047 78.099

.047 78.146

.046 78.192

.046 78.238

.045 78.283

.045 78.328

.045 78.373

.044 78.417

.044 78.461

.043 78.504

.043 78.547

.043 78 . 590

.041 78.631

.041 78.672

.041 78.713

.041 78.754

.041 78.795

.041 78.836

.040 78.876

.040 78.916

.040 78.956

.040 78.996

.039 79.035

.039 79.074

.038 79.112

.038 79.150

.037 79.187

.037 79.224

- 19 -
176. Belvedere, California

177. Torrance, California

178. Newark, New Jersey

179. Vacaville, California

180. Tulare, California

181. Louisville, Kentucky

182. Atlanta, Georgia

183. San Gabriel, California

184. Oklahoma City, Oklahoma

185. Paradise, California

186. Pomona, California

187. Roseville, California

188. Pullerton, California

189. Miami, Florida

190. Buffalo, New York

191. Des Moines, Iowa

192. Arcadia, California

193. Fairfield, California

194. Danville, California

195. Pleasant Hill, California

196. Wilmington, California

197. Lakeport , California

198. Will its, California

199. Porterville , California

200. Placerville , California

Percent

Cumulative

Percent

.036 79.260

.035 79.295

.035 79.330

.034 79.364

.033 79.397

.033 79.430

.033 79.463

.033 79.496

.032 79.528

.032 79.560

.032 79.592

.032 79.624

.032 79.656

.032 79.688

.032 79.720

.032 79.752

.032 79.784

,031 79.815

.031 79.846

.031 79.877

.030 79.907

.030 79.937

.029 79.966

.029 79.995

.029 80.024

- 20 -
Individual Group Cumulative

Rank No. in Group Percent Percent Percent

201-204 4 .029 .116 80.140

205-207 3 .028 .084 80.224

208-214 7 .027 .189 80.413

215-220 6 .026 .156 80.569

221-225 5 .025 .125 80.694

226-231 6 .024 .144 80.838

232-239 8 .023 .184 81.022

240-249 10 .022 .220 81.242

250-256 7 .021 .147 81.389

257-264 8 .020 .160 81.549

265-281 17 .019 .323 81.872

282-292 11 .018 .198 82.070

293-304 12 .017 .204 82.274

305-321 17 .016 .272 82.546

322-335 14 .015 .210 82.756

336-360 25 .014 .350 83.106

361-380 20 .013 .260 83.366

381-401 21 .012 .252 83.618

402-429 28 .011 .308 83.926

430-467 38 .010 .380 84.306

468-505 38 .009 .342 84.648

506-550 45 .008 .360 85.008

551-604 54 .007 .378 85.386

605-667 63 .006 .378 85.764

668-729 62 .005 .310 86.074

730-798 69 .004 .276 86.350

799-919 121 .003 .363 86.713

920-1087 168 .002 .336 87.049

1088-1271 184 .001 .184 87.233

1272-1296 25 <.001 .006 87.239

- 21 -
Go Backs

Skips

Air Mail

Nixies

Foreign

Residues

.753

3.564

3.200

.426

.201

4.617

87.992

91.556

94.756

95.182

95.383

100.000

Breakdown on Residue

Illinois .253

Indiana .108

Iowa .103

Massachusetts .194

Michigan .162

Wisconsin .103

Maryland .076

Delaware .007

Nebraska .051

Kansas .106

Maine .029

Vermont .014

New Hampshire .020

Connecticut .074

Missouri .106

Texas .252

Minnesota .101

New Jersey .249

New York .257

Ohio .189

Pennsylvania .373

Montana .074

Idaho .101

Colorado .121

Nevada .060

Utah .114

Wyoming .041

South Dakota .030

North Dakota .035

Arizona .058

New Mexico .037

Mississippi .046

Alabama .034

Florida .102

Kentucky .057

Tennessee .050

North Carolina .084

Virginia .073

Arkansas .066

Georgia .070

Louisiana .082

Oklahoma .078

South Carolina .019

West Virginia .034

California .307

All other

Canadas .017

TOTAL 4.617

- 22
6. Los Angeles Study

6.1 Volume Count Data , Special volume counts were made

in Los Angeles to determine what percentage of the Total

Volume flowed into the Primary^ how much by-passed the

Primary and flowed either into the City section for local

Distribution or into the Secondary. These counts were made

on six days, June 11, 12, 13, 14, 17, and 18, 1957, between

the hours of 10:00 A.M. and 10:00 P.M.

The Total Volume figures and the corresponding percentages are summarized in Table 3 and are presented here to

enable the reader to convert the final percentage figures of

mall to each Destination to pieces. The flow chart given in

Figure 4, contains the basic percentage figures of the Total

Volume of mail to eslch stage ol Distribution. It is to be

noticed that the Primary mail is divided into three parts

because Los Angeles made use of three Primary cases of

different sizes, notably 36 hole, 49 hole, and 63 hole

cases.

6.2 Tabulation of Estimated Distribution and Observations . The tabulation of the estimated percentages of the Total

Volume of mail going to each Destination is given in Table 4.

These are listed in order of descending value. The largest

200 are listed by name and the remainder grouped by percentages. Figure 5 graphically portrays the largest 200 Destinations by percentage. Several observations, based on the

- 23 -
tabulation, are given here:

1. The largest 200 Destinations received 81% of

the Total Volume

2. Seventy-eight percent of the Total Volume remained

in the state of California (not including Air Mail

and Go backs)

3. Forty- two percent of the Total Volume remained in

Los Angeles.

4. Six Destinations: Los Angeles, Beverly Hills,

Pasadena, Long Beach, New York City, and San

Francisco, were the only cities that received

more than one percent of the Total Volume.

5. Seventy-nine percent remained on the West Coast

(not including Air Mail and Go backs)

- 24 -
iftNinot*iftioooiomt^o^>Hin

irtir)a»t*QOCsiootO'^ COOiWNoOt^OOiO

CO to 00

O 00 (O (C

•drH lO ^ O CO 00

£3a 00 ^ 00 '^

a -^ CO iH ci in U o» a» •< OH O N 00 W

in CO 00

CVJ t^ 00 e^J O^ rH

N

Ci ?o in to inN CO ^ rH m 00 «o in -* O O ^ 00 O^ 00 O CO rH CO in CO CO CO S t t t t t £ . - - « S •> •

t* CO oo 00 COtOCOtONOONin o CO in in CO

in1 05

O t* to 00 C4 CMOO 1 00 noo^oinobNoooorHo'dpi'^ 05 t^ O O to to CO H t* N 00 in CO ^ Tj* 05 t*» ^ CO 05 t» CSI o O 1 N in •^ N rH PJ N H t^ in Tj* mm «0 CO fi to f-t csi iH rH t t t t CSS s • . - - S £ » » <• t^ CO CO Oi to t005t0050intOtOtO CO o to 05 m -"t o

in1 in t* ^ 05 to

m csj 00 05 1 t^CKoomoinoiHootoHcooi^ ^ 05 ^ t^ O t* rp H O N b- t* CO to o 05 05 05 00 05 C« 05 rH ^ CSJ to 1 iH in -^ in H ^ O rH t- 00 m to to

(0 CO rH to

0i s s c S 6 £ » » «• » £££•.»• Q O

t* CO coo 05 o coco in o in o t* CO 05

O 05O 05O

in CSI in o CO in rH 05

O 05 00 1 iHMiHOtHONiHHOt^-CMrHOOin ^ to rl« 05 00 t> CO

+J o H to CO 00 05 e^N rH to in CO 05 05 05 CO rH

N -^

a •• 1 to Tj* CO CO

H CO rH rH to t* Tf

m \n 3 O (0 CO rH t* CO CO

iH rH

H

O '-^ 43 -P CO (1) bO 0) s t s s s m

m ^ ^ t t t " - •' i d 0) t* o ino CO t000500Nt*t*CO m to o> to C4 00 to

a 3 «H in xO ^ "^ C> CO to o>

mm

iH

h 1 «• ^ » » m

m m»m • • • • • » w » • • • • B 0J3 d

>- P -H CO Nco^oinooiTft^ooooincoH^ 00 CSI ^ 05

O

O "«J» <s iH O rH CSJ t* 00 to in ^ 00 in o 05 to CO rH O C«

Eh ^i' 1 in in CO t* CO in CO 05

m to to

CO

a to CO fi to

NN

0X5

©o

iH

H

boo » » m S S £ » » » » £ S - • . a •• t* «3 M O O 05 tOiHCOOOCOrHHN CO 00 O O W C« 05

CO

in1 C4

O CO 'T ^ O 05 05 00 rH rHOJincooot^^copjt^oocsioj'^ o CO rH to CO o m 3

r-l

O CM •'J* o t^O"<l< t» CO t^ "<f 05 to 00 CSI 00 «* CO 1 CO "«** N rl* rAOi to rH in CJ m to t" (O CO t-i t* N CO £ t t £ £ • » » • s c s » - «- ^• O CO O 05 05 O O CO o o in in CO 05 to to 00 m CO CO

in o o p« cfl in rt» c^^ t> to ooooobHi-icot*ot*int*^rj< rj« W« ^l> rH CO H Tl* N l> "'t' 00 o to O N rH CJ 05 t* N rH 05 H 1 in CO to 05 r-t M 00 rH in CO ^ ^ m

(O CO

0)

l-i to©

N CO rH rH

CO 73

H rH

U /-N.^00 CO * 00 /-N o rt • • CO to CO • ffl (Q CO CO W CO O +J CJ rH d (0 iH +J •d •0 TJ T3 P J d1 TJH a -d • © • • to (^ h h^ U U ^ i^ >» CO rt © a © cJ CO d CO >-'^-' -P >. •V3 a ^ -^ +» ^ 1 U r-t U r-l (J 1 O X a CQ © CJ X a

ei *HO o £X a> rH rH rH Q) »H

a rH rH

O

H e ©vK-pffi-p e-p

dd • rtO >»

© e +J • dd

O

•H •H +J CO 1 CO 1 CO Cl CO CO CO +J -P

O 4->

u

p

p

d (0 o +^ -p Jh

a ^ © Oi

O CO -P -H •H o o • o © •H

© +> • ©

a Pi aCk«"^a4tOfecnftQQHF-«fXHA o a

w

A

AHH a,

©

CR9

CO •H

IHOPOddo

•H

COU©>doo©pa

•Huao< - 25 -
in

O Ci CM

O lO CJ t"- (^ CO C5 •^ CO iH fr^ CO rH to f- o

COCO

inI 00

(O

O S3© lO lO

N

t^ t* CO ^ iH iH t* E* • CO

iHM

CO

oi to to o in in ^ O CJ N Tjt ^ ^ ^ • • • • H O (^ t> O 0> 0>

r-« iH CO CMm

ino

to

COH

«>

inII to £ s. »

to o o ooco m in to

t* to 00

O

O iH iH

CO CO iH 0> 0> CO o

•H

•Pdou

CO

mlI rH| iHI to

o«ocoo>e«oNH

to in (H to

W Oi CJ r-l 00 CON

H fH iH -* eo 00

otooco^o^o r-i in to I*

to t^ CO 06 ^ to o

CO e«H CO t* iH

to

H CO 0>

mmd

O.I>> m

>»aoo

0) CO

to CO Oi ^ t* 00 m 00 00 H t* CSI M to 0> CO in iH H in o in

rH CSJ CM

00 -^

CO •

to• o

to

CO

00o

01om

in

05o S 03 m fH +» d

^1 ^ J

•P

oJ >-' -P

H OK a

+J • «5

d

T3a

MM

U +* +» ><

d

•HO • O

© >H o

(0

(0 •H

1^O

+»oddo

•H

(0U>dood

•Ho< - 26 -
BY- PASS

ctry BY'PASS

roYA L

{/OLUM£'

4^- HOL£ 3b- HOLE

PP./MARY

63 - HOL.e

/'P./A^A /« y

^93 5EC0NDA R. Y PESTiNAVONS

YepT/AR.y

=]—

Pj£S/OU£

/^//^£CTS

£>//^C TS

<(y 0e,TAlN£O FROf^ 5AMPLS

O oaYA//v£'£> P/ZOA4 i^aio^£ CO ours

I

Figure 4

Los Angeles Flow Chart

- 27 -
inu oH

boa<uoao

•HP

(AaH+J

d) Qoow

0)

<DbO $

«Ho

.aAauo o

«0 3 Vfi \F ^ (V4 - 28 -
TABLE 4

TABULATION OF ESTIMArED PERCENTAGES OF THE TOTAL

VOLUME TO EACH DESTINATION FOR LOS ANGELES

Largest 200 Destinations

Listed by Name

1. Los Angeles, Inc. City By-pass

2. Beverly Hills, California

3. Pasadena, California

4. Long Beach, California

5. New York City, New York

6. San Francisco, California

7. Glendale, California

8. North Hollywood, California

9. Santa Monica, California

10. San Diego, California

11. Burbank, California

12. Chicago, Illinois

13. Inglewood, California

14. Van Nuys, California

15. Sacramento, California

16. Washington State

17. Whittier, California

18. Corapton, California

19. Culver City, California

20. Alhambra, California

21. Huntington Park, California

22. Phoenix, Arizona

23. Oregon State

24. South Gate, California

25. Santa Ana, California

Cumulative

Percent Percent

42.403 42.403

1.816 44.219

1.377 45.596

1.343 46.939

1.219 48.158

1.151 49 . 309

.989 50.298

.955 51.253

.949 52.202

.814 53.016

.765 53.781

.759 54.540

.753 55.293

.698 55.991

.681 56.672

.640 57.312

.583 57.895

.540 58.435

.498 58.933

.489 59.422

.456 59.878

.384 60.262

.378 60.640

.359 liO . 9l»i?

.341 (U.340

- 29 -
26. MontebellOj, California

27. Oakland, California

28. San Bernardino, California

29. Sherman Oaks, California

30. Gardena, California

31. Denver, Colorado

32. Torrance, California

33. Newark, New Jersey

34. San Gabriel, California

35. Santa Barbara, California

36. S. Pasadena, California

37. Fresno, California

38. Arcadia, California

39. Anaheim, California

40. Hawthorne, California

41. El Monte, California

42. Downey, California

43. Bakersfield, California

44. Riverside, California

45. Monrovia, California

46. Norwalk, California

47. San Fernando, California

48. Pomona, California

49. Washington, D. C.

50. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

51. Venice, California

52. Detroit, Michigan

53. San Jose, California

54. Redondo Beach, California

55. Dallas, Texas

Percent

Cumulative

Percent

.331 61.671

.328 61.999

.326 62.325

.303 62.628

.299 62.927

.289 63.216

.285 63.501

.280 63.781

.269 64.050

.265 64.315

.256 64.571

.250 64.821

.248 65.069

.248 65.317

.248 65.565

.236 65.801

.236 66.037

.235 66.272

.233 66.505

.228 66.733

.228 66.961

.224 67.185

.216 67.401

.214 67.615

.212 67.827

.206 68.033

.189 68.222

.186 68.408

.183 68.591

.181 68.772

- 30 -
56. Monterey Park, California

57. Bell, California

58. Cleveland, Ohio

59. Boston, Mass.

60. Reseda, California

61. San Marino, California

62. Covina, California

63. San Pedro, California

64. Tuscon, Arizona

65. Lancaster, California

66. Lakewood, California

67. Salt Lake City, Utah

68. Berkeley, California

69. Brooklyn, New York

70. Fullerton, California

71. Minneapolis, Minnesota

72. Temple City, California

73. Garden City, New York

74. St, Louis, Missouri

75. Manhattan Beach, California

76. Stockton, California

77. Pacoima, California

78. Lynwood, California

79. Pacific Palisade, California

80. Canoga, Park, California

81. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

82. Houston, Texas

83. Garden Grove, California

84. Wilmington, California

85. Cincinnati, Ohio

Cumulative

Percent Percent

.176 68.948

.174 69.122

.172 69.294

.170 69.464

170 69.634

.164 69.798

.160 69.958

.160 70.118

.159 70.277

.148 70.425

.148 70.573

.148 70.721

.148 70.869

.147 71.016

.146 71.162

.145 71.307

.143 71.450

.140 71.590

.138 71.728

.134 71.862

.133 71.995

.129 72.124

.127 72.251

.126 72 . 377

.124 72 . 501

.123 72.624

.123 72.747

.121 72.868

.121 72.989

.118 73.107

- 31 -
86. Encino, California

87. West Covina, California

88. Oxnard, California

89. Palm Desert, California

90. Altadena, California

91. La Cresenta, California

92. Rivera, California

93. Ventura, California

94. Azusa, California

95. Las Vega^, Nevada

96. La Canada, California

97. Bellf lower, California

98. Kansas City, Missouri

99. Ontario, California

100. Studio City, California

101. Palo Alto, California

102. Hermosa Beach, California

103. La Puente, California

104. El Segundo, California

105. Baldwin Park, California

106. Northridge, California

107. Sun Valley, California

108. Woodland Hills, California

109. Majnvood, California

110. Palm Springs, California,

111. Milwaukee, Wisconsin

112. Baltimore, Maryland

113. Laguna, California

114. Puente, California

115. La Habra, California

Percent

Cumulative

Percent

.117 73.224

.114 73.338

.114 73.452

.111 73.563

.108 73.671

.108 73.779

.104 73.883

.104 73.987

.102 74.089

.101 74.190

.099 74.289

.098 74.387

.098 74.485

.097 74.582

.094 74.676

.093 74.769

.092 74.861

.092 74.953

.091 75.044

.091 75.135

.089 75.224

.087 75.311

.087 75.398

.086 75.484

.082 75.566

.081 75.647

.080 75.727

.080 75.807

.079 75.886

.079 75.965

- 32 -
k

116. Newport Beach, California

117. San Luis Obispo, California

118. Roseraead, California

119. Indianapolis, Indi&na

120. Albuquerque, New Mexico

121. Dayton, Ohio

122. Lawndale^ California

123. Chula Vista, California

124. La Jolla, California

125. Fontana, California

126. Orange, California

127. Palos Verdes Estate, California

128. Costa Mesa, California

129. Redlands, California

130. Oceanside, California

131. St. Paul, Minnesota

132. El Paso, Texas

133. Tujunga, California

134. Paramount, California

135. Louisville, Kentucky

136. Fort Worth, Texas

137. El Centro, California

138. Santa Maria, California

139. Sierra Madre, California

140. San Antonio, Texas

141. Pico, California

142. South San Gabriel

143. New Orleans, Louisiana

144. Terre Haute, Indiana

Percent Percent

.077 76.042

.077 76.119

.077 76.196

.077 76.273

.076 76.349

.073 76.422

.072 76.494

.072 76.566

.072 76.638

.071 76.709

.071 76.780

.071 76.851

.070 76.921

.070 76.991

.070 77.061

.069 77.130

.068 77.198

.068 77.266

,066 77.332

.066 77.398

.066 77.464

.065 77.529

.065 77.594

.065 77.659

.065 77.724

.064 77.788

.064 77.852

.064 77.916

.064 77.980

- 33 -
145. La Mesa, California

146. Claremont, California

147. Columbus, Ohio

148. Omaha, Nebraska

149. Vet. Adm. Denver, Colorado

150. San Mateo, California

151. Granada Hills, California

152. Sunland, California

153. Vista, California

154. Salinas, California

155. Buena Park, California

156. Sepulveda, California

157. San Cleraente, California

158. Saugus, California

159. La Mirada, California

160. Caraarillo, California

161. Tarzana, California

162. Richmond, California

163. San Ysidro, California

164. Modesto, California

165. Chino, California

166. Carona, California

167. Bronx, New York

168. Pleasantville, New York

169. Glendory, California

170. El Cajon, California

171. Escondido, California

172. Indio, California

173. Lomita, California

Cumulative

Percent Percent

.063 78.043

.063 78.106

.062 78.168

.062 78.230

.061 78.291

.060 78.351

.058 78.409

.058 78.467

.058 78.525

.057 78.582

.055 78.637

.055 78.692

.055 78.747

.054 78.801

.054 78.855

.054 78 . 909

.054 78.963

.054 79.017

.054 79.071

.053 79.124

.053 79.177

.052 79.229

.052 79.281

.052 79.333

.051 79.384

.051 79.435

.050 79.485

.050 79.535

.050 79.585

- 34 -
174. Oklahoma City, Oklahoma

175. Daly City, California

176. §anta Paula, California

177. Toledo, Ohio

178. Tulsa, Oklahoma

179. Upland, California

180. Palmdale, California

181. Santa Rosa, California

182. Duarte, California

183. Des Moines, Iowa

184. Hayward, California

185. Malibu, California

186. Montrose, California

187. Taft, California

188. Santa Cruz, California

189. Memphis, Tennessee

190. Colton, California

191. Los Altos, California

192. Camp Pendleton, California

193. Universal City, California

194. Victorville, California

195. Vallejo, California

196. Visalia, California

197. Rolling Hills, California

198. Reno, Nevada

199. National City, California

200. Buffalo, New York

Cumulative

Percent Percent

.050 79.635

.049 79.684

.048 79.732

.048 79.780

.048 79.828

.047 79.875

.046 79.921

.046 79.967

.045 80.012

.045 80.057

.045 80.102

.045 80.147

.045 80.192

.045 80.237

.044 80.281

.043 80.324

.043 80.367

.042 80.409

.042 80.451

.042 80.493

.042 80.535

.042 80.577

.042 80.619

.042 80.661

.041 80.702

.041 80.743

.040 80.783

- 35 -
Rank No. in Group

Individual

Percent

Group

Percent

Cumulative

Percent

201- 1 .039 .039 80.822

202-203 2 .038 .076 80.898

204-205 2 .037 .074 80.972

206-209 4 .036 .144 81.116

210-214 5 .035 .175 81.291

215-217 3 .034 .102 81.393

218-219 2 .033 .066 81.459

220-224 5 .032 .160 81.619

225-227 3 .031 .093 81.712

228-233 6 .030 .180 81.892

234-236 3 .029 .087 81.979

237-238 2 .028 .056 82.035

239-247 9 .027 .243 82.278

248-253 6 .026 .156 82.434

254-256 3 .025 .075 82.509

257-265 9 .024 .216 82.725

266-276 11 .023 .253 82.978

277-281 5 .022 .110 83.088

282-286 5 .021 .105 83.193

287-300 14 .020 .280 83.473

301-311 11 .019 .209 83.682

312-316 5 .018 .090 83.772

315-327 11 .017 .187 83.959

328-343 16 .016 .256 84.215

344-356 13 .015 .195 84.410

357-373 17 .014 .238 84.648

374-388 15 .013 .195 84.843

389-408 20 .012 .240 85.083

409-428 20 .011 .220 85.303

429-455 27 .010 .270 85.573

- 36 -
Rank No

.

in Group

Individual

Percent

' Group

Percent

Cumulative

Percent

457-489 33 .009 .297 85.870

490-528 39 .008 .312 86.182

529-5B4 56 .007 .392 86.574

585-646 62 .006 .372 86.946

647-716 70 .005 .350 87.296

717-839 123 .004 .492 87.788

840-980 141 .003 .423 88.211

981-1178 198 .002 .396 88.607

1179-1413 235 .001 .235 88.842

1414-1587 174 <.001 .030 88.872

Air Mail .485 89.357

Postage Due .375 89.732

Uncanceled 5.483 95.215

Foreign .529 95.744

Go Backs .392 96.136

Residue 3.864 100.000

Breakdown of Residue

Illinois .267

Ohio .161

Michigan .158

Minnesota .098

North Dakota .025

South Dakota .063

Wisconsin .092

Arizona .060

Colorado, New Mexico .074

North Carolina .055

Kentucky .057

- 37 -
Maryland .030

Texas .200

Idaho .033

Montana .033

Nebraska .061

Utah .069

Wyoming .023

Iowa .091

Kansas .073

Missouri .094

Tennessee .048

Indiana .122

Massachusetts .110

Pennsylvania .218

Nevada Scheme .025

California Scheme .087

Arkansas .083

Alabama .043

Florida .062

Georgia .044

Louisiana .074

Mississippi .051

South Carolina .022

Delaware .010

Connecticut .051

Maine .019

New Hampshire .021

Rhode Island .013

Virginia .050

West Virginia .030

New Jersey .125

- 38 -
New York State .206

Oklahoma . 056

California A-B .057

California C .056

California H-L .141

California M-N .058

California T-Z .071

She Scheme .039

California R. San .043

Colorado^ N. Hex. Res. .008

Elp and La. No. 4 .001

Alb. and La. 18-20 .001

Res. to Arizona .007

Alb. to La.^ N.M. .001

Alb. and La^^ Colo, .001

Gr. Jet. and Ogd. .002

Cm. and Ogd. ^ Colo. .001

TOTAL 3.864

- 39 -
7. Baltimore Study

7.1 Volume Count Data . Special volume counts were made in

Baltimore to determine what percentage of the Total Volume flowed

into the Primary, how much by-passed the Primary and flowed either

into the Secondary or into the city section for local Distribution,

These counts were made on January 17, 18, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 28,

29, 30, 1957 between 11:00 A.M. and 11:00 P.M.

The Total Volume figures and corresponding percentages are

summarized in Table 5 and are presented here to enable the reader

to convert the final percentage figures of mail, to each Destination, to pieces. The flow chart given in Figure 6 contains the

basic percentage figures of the Total Volume of mail to each stage

of Distribution.

7.2 Tabulation of Estimated Distribution and Observations . The tabulation of the estimated percentages to each Destination is

given in Table 6 . These are listed in order of descending value.

The largest 200 are listed by name and the remainder grouped by

percentages. Figure 7 graphically portrays the largest 200 Destinations by percentages. Several observations, based on the tabulation, are given here:

1. The largest 200 Destinations received 78% of the Total Volume

2. Sixty-six percent of the Total Volume remained in the state of

Maryland (not including Air Mail and Go backs)

3. Fifty-one percent of the Total Volume remained in Baltimore

4. Four Destinations: Baltimore, Washington, New York, and

Philadelphia were the only cities to receive more than one

percent of Total Volume.

- 40 -
o a O H rl< o m rH O rt* ^o 05 >* o I> t> 0^ en in O t^ h-O

•«*« • in 1/5 1^ iH o . 00 t>- in • •»in •.•>•>•> nCSJ •» •> •>CM

r-t to -•J* CM 00 0^ in iH MOO CM CM

r-t Tf CM to CM tn in M t* 00 iH CM CM

o

o

(Si en

CM

in Tj< o 05 in o ^ in o o OrH

O CO O 00 05 CM O 00 oo <£> 00

(O . in t^ o o Tj< • 05 CM rH • At* •V •% 9^ ^ AfO •» •* •»oo t^ l> O CM 0> rt< t£> r-t COO) CO

iH CO CM CO CM ^ in CO 05

00

05

(0

ttno

<=* t o t* o <o CO H O CM CM CM TJ^M O O CO Tl< 00 05 oo o t* O • t«- O ^ CO ^ . 00 t* in • -nOO •> o« A •» •sOO •» •> nCM

(O to CO in o CO in O CO Tl< CM 00 CO fH CO CO iH (O CO 05 00 rH CM CM

in

CMo•» CO

05N

a

in05

09O

O

O

O

>

u

u

d

cii d

b- CM o CO in o iH fH

r-l CM o iH 00 00 00 o

05 . Tj< CM t^ CM CO • AQO S •» •> A AOO

CO h- CO 00 in c* t* in CO CM CM 05 Oi

in 00 O CO CO t^ CO 05 00 o o tn 05 00 CO 05

iH • •^ rn \n n 00 • •>05 •l "\ "S •» •nCT) 00 CO in i> iH 00 CM iH CM CM in CM CO 05 H

o o o t> O l> l> to

CO CM 00 • •\ •* •»co 00 05 t* iH

CO CM CO H H

00

CO

05

rHCM

OO O CO rH O CM W 05 ""^ C0O> CM • CM A •» •^O •( 05 00 00 CM o>

in H t^ CM

CM CM CO

in 00 t* O 00 CM t» CO COCO 05 05

in 00 00 05 ^ CO in CM CM t<- 05 00

t* • CM 05 CM t- CM • CM 00 o • .srj* •> •» "N •» •»iH •» "V •SCO rH <D in 00 o CO iH iH O CM CO CM CO CO CO in CO 05 in 'd' 05 rH CM CO

rHrHCO

CO

o

. >» O +^

• "0 CO •H >»

(fl • m ui u U) O P

CO M -H +J ^

•H a •H >,Qa OO Ck Q +» 1 H

>. 4-> 1 •H M W P >> 1 p

u C3 >. (1) CJ W M a 03 <D P q a iH O CQ iH rt rt rH 0) 1 rH rH h; E d O 1 73 e fe p4 Cj O >. XJ X) d O <5

•H P U o C! 1 1 -M ^1 P a ^H P Jh H

U Q) (U :3 U >y >> •H d p O

Ph H 04 CO CQ Ph CQ CQ H P4 o CO s Hft 8

- 41 -
s

(DO t* 05 N O 00 0) CO t* Or-i

00 M 00 O W O iH fO N C* o eg O • 00 05 N in Ifi • tf) ^ o • •.00 <H o\ 0% <N •^o <N •> •.H oto H Oi t* lO ^fH N t- o eg O 00 0> NlO <o CO f- H

t^ CO iH '* W CO (O o t00 C4 N

o

•»

M^ O Oi C^ 0) in iH O N CM CO itHD o 00 (0 eo CRr-l O 00 00 M

^ '. ;o in CO m CO . 00 to ^ . -.t* *« •. ^ ^ •>(H •> •» •»iH in (D t* CO CO GO COr-l o en CI CM o Ti< Nin CO to t* CO r-t o> iH OJ n

CM

CO

t*

'*

fH<0 O ^ t» 10 t^ CO o o OH

«o^ o o voo in CO o o O CM

in . ^ iH CO to 00 • CO CM in • ..ij« •>"»•»•» •.CM •. •. •vCO (0(0 0> CM l> T|< CO H to CM 00 CM

in n« in H ^ to l> CO o

00 H CM CO

00HO

00

CM

CO

00 0) o in in o O CO o t^ t* 00 in

in Oi o o in to CM to o in in CO CO iH . m H iH CM o • t* ^ iH • CO

-.-* "."»•.•« •.00 ^ •» ..to •( o to CM t» O CO CO "*te( "«1« C*J t* o ^ CM CM 0) irt eJ 00 tt^ M CM o

coo o in in o o t^ O to to CO

CM 00 O 00 o to in CM O CO CO 0>

o> . to O 00 o in • iH CO T|» . •^CM •»•.•.<> ".O ^ •. ..CO 00 to to CMOi t* WH M CO in CM CM CO rH CO -* in t* 00 in

00 H CM CO

o

Oi

r-i CO

a

(0 u w

>^

^^ ^

in >> +i p u a >. a i-i e o 1 0) •H •H Vi o ^

a ^ ^

0)

, >. S •xJ «

'ta Hi u m O -H W -H +J M u •HQ+»

>»Q a M p ( ^ p •H (0 m P >» 1 -p +j u ra (Q a n 0) a

rH «S rt r-l 0) 1 r-l . rH Q) T3 6 ft 0, d o fe^ 73 x> cd U

a o 1 1 p (-t +j §i3

+J Vi 3 f^ >» >» n ^ CQ CQ o 0) •H Hft u cQa ss

h4

- 42 -
f

3y-PASS

C/TY

BY-PASS

TOTAL

i/OLUME

[3/.70]

[/0.69)

68-/0]

3.

PR/MA/iY

P£SrfNATiONS

S£CONDAfKY

omecrs

T£RTiAK/

R£SWU£

p/^crs

/S oarAiNEo PROM SAMPies

O OBTA IN£P FRffAf l/OL(/A^£ COUNTS

Figure 6

Baltimore Flow Chart

- 43 -
0)u

•H

Est

UOhO

«H

(Qdo

•H

•H

4J

(fl 0} QOO

egp

en«o

j:

p<

siUo § a >^ o ^ - 44 -
TABLE 6

TABULATION OF ESTIMATED PERCENTAGES OF THE TOTAL

VOLUME TO EACH DESTINATION FOR BALTIMORE

Largest 200 Destinations

Listed by Name

Percent

Cumulative

Percent

1. Baltimore Incl. Int. Rev.

Incl. City By-pass

2. New York, New York

3. Wash., D. C. (Incl. official)

4. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

5. Chicago, Illinois

6. Glen Burnie, Maryland

7. Reisterstown, Maryland

8. Richmond, Virginia

9. Annapolis, Maryland

10. Norfolk, Virginia

11. Cincinnati, Ohio

12. Silver Spring, Maryland

13. Pasadena, Maryland

14. Brooklyn, New York

15. Cleveland, Ohio

16. Wilmington, Delaware

17. Hagerstown, Maryland

18. Westminster, Maryland

19. Kansas City, Missouri

20. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

21. Sykesville, Maryland

22. Frederick, Maryland

23. Lutherville, Maryland

24. Ellicott City, Maryland

25. Bainbridge, Maryland

50.908 50.908

1.979 52.887

1.283 54.170

1.094 55.264

.678 55.942

.547 55.489

.522 57.011

.498 57.509

.462 57.971

.357 58.328

.351 58.679

.339 59.018

.327 59.345

.315 59.660

.313 59.973

.298 60.271

.297 60.568

.293 60.861

.284 61.145

.-278 61.423

.267 61.690

.267 61.957

.258 62.215

.256 62.471

.256 62.727

- 45 -
26. Linthicura Heights, Maryland

27. Pleasantville, New York

28. Newark, New Jersey

29. Hyattsville, Maryland

30. Cumberland, Maryland

31. St. Louis, Missouri

32. Bel Air, Maryland

33. Roanoke, Virginia

34. Long Island, New York

35. Arlington, Virginia

36. Miami, Florida

37. Severna Park, Maryland

38* Randalls town, Maryland

39. Bethesda, Maryland

40. Minneapolis, Minnesota

41. Univ. of Md. (College Park), Maryland

42. Rockville, Maryland

43. Owings Mills, Maryland

44. Garden City, New York

45. Harrisburg, Pennsylvania

46. Salisbury, Maryland

47. Timoniura, Maryland

48. Ft, George G. Meade, Maryland

49. Cockeysville, Maryland

50. Naval Academy, Maryland

51. Charlottesville, Virginia

52. Boston Station, Mass,

53. Cambridge, Maryland

54. Columbus, Ohio

55. Alexandria, Virginia

Percent

Cumulative

Percent

,237 62.964

,227 63.191

.217 63.408

.225 63.633

,225 63.858

.209 64.067

.208 64.275

.204 64.479

.195 64.674

.184 64.858

.182 65.040

.179 65.219

.179 65.398

.179 65.577

.176 65.753

.175 65.928

.175 66.103

.175 66.278

,173 66.451

.169 66.620

.165 66,785

.161 66.946

.161 67.107

.161 67,268

.152 67.420

.151 67.571

.145 67,716

.144 67.860

.143 68,003

.142 68.145

- 46 -
56. Hampstead, Maryland

57. College Park, Maryland

58. Arnold, Maryland

59. Detroit, Michigan

60. York, Pennsylvania

61. Los Angeles, California

62. Flushing, New York

63. Westbury, New Yorl

64. Glenarm, Maryland

6.5. Havre de Grace, Maryland

66. Charlotte, North Carolina

67. Dallas, Texas

68. Bridgeport, Connecticut

69. Easton, Maryland

70. Greensboro, North Carolina

71. Milwaukee, Wisconsin

72. Dayton, Ohio

73. Stevenson, Maryland

74. Denver, Colorado

75. Louisville, Kentucky

76. Odenton, Maryland

77. Atlanta, Georgia

78. Hartford, Connecticut

79. St, Petersburg, Florida

80. Camden, New Jersey

81. Buffalo, New York

82. Parkron, Maryland

83. Newport News, Virginia

84. New Haven, Connecticut

85. Winston Salem, North Carolina

86. Rochester, New York

Percent

Cumulative

Percent

.140 68.285

.140 68.425

.140 68.565

.135 68 . 700

.125 68.825

.124 68.949

.123 69.072

.121 69.193

.119 69.312

.115 69.427

.109 69.536

.109 69.645

.109 69.754

.106 69.860

.106 69.966

.105 70.071

.104 70.175

.103 70.278

.103 70.381

.102 70.483

.102 70.585

.099 70,684

.099 70.783

.096 70,879

.094 70.973

.092 71.065

.089 71.154

.089 71,243

.088 71.331

.088 71.419

.087 71,506

- 47 -
87. Aberdeen, Maryland

88. Scranton, Pennsylvania

89. Elkton, Maryland

90. Trenton, New Jersey

91. Miami Beach, Florida

92. Lancaster, Pennsylvania

93. Boston (zones 1-18), Mass.

94. Detroit (unzoned) , Michigan

95. Reading, Pennsylvania

96. Upper Darby, Pennsylvania

97. Memphis, Tennessee

98. Lynchburg, Virginia

99. Houston, Texas

100. Laurel, Maryland

101. Emraitsburg, Maryland

102. Jamaica, New York

103. Jersey City, New Jersey

104. Jacksonville, Florida

105. Nashville, Tennessee

106. Chevy Chase, Maryland

107. Durham, North Carolina

108. Atlantic City, New Jersey

109. Akron, Ohio

110. Raleigh, North Carolina

111. Birmingham, Alabama

112. Altoona, Pennsylvania

113. Brooklandville, Maryland

114. Portsmouth, Virginia

115. Orlando, Florida

116. Providence, Rhode Island

117. Cambridge 38, Mass.

Percent

Cumulative

Percent

.085 71.591

.084 71.675

.081 71.756

.081 71.837

.080 71.917

.079 71.996

.079 72.075

.079 72.154

.076 72.230

.076 72.306

.075 72.381

.075 72.456

.073 72.529

.073 72.602

.073 72.675

.070 72,745

.070 72.815

.070 72.885

.069 72.954

.069 73.023

.069 73.092

.068 73,160

.068 73.228

.068 73.296

.066 73.362

.065 73.427

.064 73,491

.064 73.555

.064 73.619

.063 73.682

.063 73.745

- 48 -
118. Parkersburg, West Virginia

119. Falls Church, Virginia

120. Staunton, Virginia

121. Indianapolis, Indiana

122. Mt. Vernon, New York

123. White Hall, Maryland

124. Tampa, Florida

125. Dover, Delaware

126. Newark, Delaware

127. Ft. Knox, Kentucky

128. Bethlehem, Pennsylvania

129. Ft. Lauderdale, Florida

130. Ft. Jackson, South Carolina

131. Columbia, South Carolina

132. Hanover, Pennsylvania

133. Omaha, Nebraska

134. Mt, Airy, Maryland

135. Chester town, Maryland

136. Toledo, Ohio

137. Hampton, Virginia

138. Williamsport, Pennsylvania

139. Camden Term. 1, New York

140. Charleston, South Carolina

141. Clarksburg, West Virginia

142. Riverdale, Maryland

143. Crisfield, Maryland

144. Clarksburg, Pennsylvania

145. Petersburg, Virginia

146. Centreville, Maryland

147. Wilmington, North Carolina

148. Haddonfield, New Jersey

149. Erie, Pennsylvania

Cumulative

Percent Percent

.062 73.807

.062 73.869

.062 73.931

.061 73.992

.061 74.053

.060 74.113

.060 74.173

.060 74.233

.059 74.292

.059 74.351

.059 74.410

.058 74.468

.057 74.525

.056 74.581

.055 74.636

.055 74.691

,054 74.745

.054 74.799

.052 74.851

.051 74.902

.051 74.953

.651 75.004

.051 75.055

.050 75.105

.050 75.155

.050 75.205

.050 75.255

.050 75.305

.050 75.355

.049 75.404

.049 75.453

.049 75.502

- 49 -
150. Fairmont, West Virginia

151. Madison, Wisconsin

152. Chambersburg, Pennsylvania

153. Johnstown, Pennsylvania

154. Ft. Worth, Texas

155. Portland, Oregon

156. Severn, Maryland

157. Ft. Benning, Georgia

158. Martinsburg, West Virginia

159. Greenville, South Carolina

160. Princess Ann, Maryland

161. Gettysburg, Pennsylvania

162. Knoxville, Tennessee

163. Princeton, New Jersey

164. Camden Terra, 2, New Jersey

165. Des Moines, Iowa

166. San Antonio, Texas

167. New Brunswick, New Jersey

168. Crownsville, Maryland

169. Great Neck, New York

170. Danville, Virginia

171. Charleston, West Virginia

172. Fallston, Maryland

173. Aberdeen Proving Grounds, Maryland

174. Street, Maryland

175. Battle Creek, Michigan

176. Carlisle, Pennsylvania

177. Phoenix, Maryland

178. New Orleans, Louisiana

179. Springfield, Mass.

180. Sparks, Maryland

Percent

Cumulative

Percent

.049 75.551

.047 75,598

,047 75,645

.047 75.692

.047 75*. 739

.047 75.786

.047 75.833

.047 75.880

.046 75.926

.046 75.972

.046 76,018

.045 76.063

.044 76.107

.044 76.151

.044 76.195

.044 76.239

,044 76.283

.043 76.326

.043 76.369

.043 76,412

.042 76.454

.042 76.496

.042 76.538

.042 76.580

.042 76,622

.041 76.663

,041 76.704

.041 76.745

.041 76.786

.041 76.827

.040 76.867

- 50 -
181. Oakland, California

182. Berlin, Maryland

183. Elizabeth, New Jersey

184. Backbay (zones 15-16-17), Mass.

185. Worcester, Mass.

186. San Diego, California

187. Youngs town, Ohio

188. Taneytown, Maryland

189. Warren, Pennsylvania

190. Allen town, Pennsylvania

191. Poconoke City, Maryland

192. Fayetteville, North Carolina

193. Canton, Ohio

194. Paterson, New Jersey

195. Rockhall, Maryland

196. White Marsh, Maryland

197. Morgantown. West Virginia

198. Smithsburg, Maryland

199. Tucson, Arizona

200. Chattanooga, Tennessee

Cumulative

Percent Percent

.039 76 . 906

.039 76.945

.039 76.984

.038 77.022

.038 77.060

.038 77.098

.038 77.136

.038 77.174

.037 77.211

.037 77.248

.037 77.285

.036 77.321

.036 77.357

.036 77.393

.036 77.429

.036 77.465

.036 77.501

.035 77.536

.035 77.571

.035 77.606

- 51 -
Rank No. in Group

Individual

Percent

Group

Percent

Cumulative

Percent

201-202 2 .035 .070 77.676

203-205 3 .034 .102 77.778

206-212 7 .033 .231 78.009

213-221 9 .032 .288 78.297

222-230 9 .031 .279 78.576

231-234 4 .030 .120 78.696

235-242 8 .029 .232 78.928

243-245 3 .028 .084 79.012

246-252 7 .027 .189 79.201

253-260 8 .026 .208 79.409

261-269 9 .025 .225 79.634

270-280 11 .024 .264 79.898

281-287 7 .023 .161 80.059

283-302 15 .022 .330 80.389

303-316 14 .021 .294 80.683

317-331 15 .020 .300 80.983

332-345 14 .019 .266 81.249

346-357 12 .018 .216 81.465

358-373 16 .017 .272 81.737

374-399 26 .016 .416 82.153

400-415 16 .015 .240 82.393

416-445 30 .014 .420 82.813

446-477 32 .013 .416 83.229

478-515 38 .012 .456 83.685

516-544 29 .011 .319 84.004

545-587 43 .010 .430 84.434

588-642 55 .009 .495 84.929

643-699 57 .008 .456 85.385

700-767 68 .007 .'476 85,861

768-859 92 .006 .552 86.413

860-982 123 .005 .615 87.028

983-1125 143 .004 .572 87.600

1126-1295 170 .003 .510 88.110

1296-1544 249 .002 .498 88 . 608

1545-1780 236 ,001 .236 88.844

1781-1887 107 less than .001 .046 88.890

Residue

- 52 -

11.110 100.000
Cumulative

Percent Percent

2.879 91.769

.011 91.780

.148 91.928

.507 92.435

.216 92.651

,030 92.681

.172 92,853

.073 92.926

7.074 100.000

Uncanceled

Special Delivery

APO Foreign

Star Route

Nixies

Go Backs

Air Mail

Hisfiles

Residues

TOTAL 11.110

Breakdown on Residue

Alaska .004

];daho .023

Montana .030

New Mexico .082

Nebraska .070

Oregon . 046

Nevada ,011

Arizona .022

Utah ,024

Arkansas .059

Colorado . 046

Kansas .080

Minnesota .069

Oklahoma . 044

Washington State .062

Wyoming .005

New Jersey .509

- 53 -
Virginia RPO .414

Wash. D.C., Mtr. Route .004

Maryland ,107

Wash. D.C., Mtr. Route .001

Wash. D.C.^ Mtr. Route .015

Maryland RPO .029

Louisiana .053

Tennessee .178

Mississippi .093

New York .395

Maine .081

Vermont .042

Connecticut .176

Rhode Island .074

North Carolina RPO .427

California RPO .531

Delaware RPO .010

Iowa .085

Alabama .175

Illinois A-K L-Z .274

Wisconsin .113

Ohio RPO .370

Indiana RPO .034

Kentucky RPO .063

N. Y. and Pitts,,, Ind. .046

Wash, and Grafton, Kentucky ,057

Wash, and Cinn., Kentucky .023

Georgia RPO .028

South Carolina RPO .068

Wash, and Bristol, Georgia ,039

Wash, and Hamlet, South Carolina .036

Wash, and Flor, Georgia ,012

Wash, and Flor., South Carolina .056

- 54 -
Wash, and Charl., Georgia .045

Wash, and Charl., South Carolina .068

West Virginia .048

Texas RPO .178

N.Y. and Pitts., Texas .078

Massachusetts .229

Florida 1 and 2 .282

Michigan A-K L-Z 207

Missouri . 082

Pennsylvania .494

New Hampshire .058

TOTAL 7.074

- 55 -

USCOMM —DC

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

Frederick H. Mueller. Secretary NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

A. V. Astin, Director THE NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

The scope of activities of the National Bureau of Standards at its major laboratories in Washington, D.C., and

Boulder, Colorado, is suggested in the following listing of the divisions and sections engaged in technical work.

In general, each section carries out specialized research, development, and engineering in the field indicated by

its title. A brief description of the activities, and of the resultant publications, appears on the inside of the front

cover. WASHINGTON, B.C.

Electricity and Electronics. Resistance and Reactance. Electron Devices. Electrical Instruments. Magnetic Measurements. Dielectrics. Engineering Electronics. Electronic Instrumentation. Electrochemistry.

Optics and Metrology. Photometry and Colorimetry. Photographic Technology. Length. Engineering

Metrology.

Heat. Temperature Physics. Thermodynamics. Cryogenic Physics. Rheology. Molecular Kinetics. Free

Radicals Research. Atomic and Radiation Physics. Spectroscopy. Radiometry. Mass Spectrometry. Solid State Physics. Electron Physics. Atomic Physics. Neutron Physics. Radiation Theory. Radioactivity. X-rays. High

Energy Radiation. Nucleonic Instrumentation. Radiological Equipment.

Chemistry. Organic Coatings. Surface Chemistry. Organic Chemistry. Analytical Chemistry. Inorganic

Chemistry. Electrodeposition. Molecular Structure and Properties of Gases. Physical Chemistry. Thermochemistry. Spectrochemistry. Pure Substances.

Mechanics. Sound. Mechanical Instruments. Fluid Mechanics. Engineering Mechanics. Mass and Scale. Capacity, Density, and Fluid Meters. Combustion Controls.

Organic and Fibrous Materials. Rubber. Textiles. Paper. liCather. Testing and Specifications. Poly- mer Structure. Plastics. Dental Research,

Metallurgy. Thermal Metallurgy. Chemical Metallurgy. Mechanical Metallurgy. Corrosion. Metal

Physics.

Mineral Products. Engineering Ceramics. Glass. Refractories. Enameled Metals. Constitution and Microstructure.

Building Technology. Structural Engineering. Fire Protection. Air Conditioning, Heating, and Refrigeration. Floor, Roof, and Wall Coverings. Codes and Safety Standards. Heat Transfer. Concreting Materials.

Applied Mathematics. Numerical Analysis. Computation. Statistical Engineering. Mathematical Physics.

Data Processing Systems. SEAC Engineering Group. Components and Techniques. Digital Circuitry.

Digital Systems. Analog Systems. Application Engineering.

• Office of Basic Instrumentation. • Office of Weights and Measures. BOULDER, COLORADO

Cryogenic Engineering. Cryogenic Equipment. Cryogenic Processes. Properties of Materials. Gas Liquefaction.

Radio Propagation Physics. Upper Atmosphere Research. Ionospheric Research. Regular Propagation

Services. Sim-Earth Relatioftships. VHF Research. Radio Warning Services. Airglow and Aurora. Radio

Astronomy and Arctic Propagation.

Radio Propagation Engineering. Data Reduction Instrumentation. Modulation Research. Radio Noise. Tropospheric Measurements. Tropospheric Anal) sis. Propagation Obstacles Engineering. Radio-Meteorology. Lower Atmosphere Physics.

Radio Standards. High Trcquency Electrical Standards. Radio Broadcast Service. High Frequency Impedance Standards. Electronic Calibration Center. Microwave Physics. Microwave Circuit Standards. Radio Communication and Systems. Low Frequency and Very Low Frequency Research. High Fre- quency and Very High Frequency Research. Ultra High Frequency and Super High Frequency Research. Modulation Research. Antenna Research. Navigation S\»lenih. Svsleins AnaKsis. I'lelil ()|ier;ili<iiiN.
NBS



r/ ' 1 M ir lop.n
4
i

nifiUC^KLitiia