J-A27036-19

* Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

JOHN T. ERB,

Appellant

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ANN ERB,

Appellee

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IN THE SUPERIOR COURT

OF PENNSYLVANIA

 

 No. 1271 EDA 2019

Appeal from the Order Entered March 29, 2019

in the Court of Common Pleas of Northampton County 

Civil Division at No(s): C-48-CF-2016-05559

BEFORE: BOWES, J., SHOGAN, J. and STRASSBURGER, J.*

MEMORANDUM BY STRASSBURGER, J.: FILED FEBRUARY 12, 2020

John T. Erb (Husband) appeals from the order entered March 29, 2019, 

which granted his divorce from Ann Erb (Wife) and ordered the equitable 

distribution of the parties’ assets. We affirm.

Husband and Wife were married on September 12, 1998, and on June 

23, 2016,1 Husband filed a complaint in divorce, where he requested the 

equitable distribution of the marital property. Wife filed an answer, where she 

requested, inter alia, equitable distribution, alimony pendente lite (APL), and 

alimony. On April 10, 2018, the parties appeared for a hearing before Special 

Master Steven N. Goudsouzian, Esquire (the Master). 

____________________________________________

1 At a hearing on February 17, 2017, Special Master Jeremy Clark determined 

that June 23, 2016, is also the parties’ date of separation.
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At the hearing, both Husband and Wife testified regarding their 

marriage, assets, and earning capacities. Of note, the primary issues in 

dispute were the disposition of the marital home and the parties’ joint money 

market accounts.2 

Husband, who at the time of the hearing was 59 years old and in good 

health, is a traveling salesperson and holds a Bachelor of Science degree from 

Kutztown State University. Prior to 2017, Husband earned over $200,000 per 

year. In 2017, he earned $192,074.34, which was “down approximately 22 

percent” from 2016. N.T., 4/10/2018, at 10. His earnings are based on both 

salary and commission. Husband testified that he was concerned that his 

2018 salary would also decrease, which could put his job in jeopardy. Id. at 

11-12. Husband also testified that since the parties’ separation, he has 

“chosen to pay [his] own [business] expenses,” instead of getting reimbursed 

by his employer for his travel.

3

 Since July 11, 2016, Husband has incurred 

$74,461 in business expenses that will never be reimbursed. Id. at 37.

Wife, who was 53 years old at the time of the hearing, has a high school 

education, and has generally been a homemaker during the course of the 

____________________________________________

2 The parties maintained a New Tripoli money market account valued at 

$236,988 and a joint Wells Fargo account valued at $133,149.80. In addition 

to these accounts, the parties also maintained their own Wells Fargo accounts 

for expenses.

3 Husband submitted expense reports and was reimbursed by his employer 

prior to that time. It was Husband’s position that he no longer submitted 

reports because his employer changed the process, which eliminated 

Husband’s ability to use a specific travel agent whom he had always used.
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marriage. Prior to the marriage, Wife had a minimum-wage job, and she held

several minimum-wage jobs throughout the marriage. After Husband 

indicated he wanted a divorce, Wife went back to school to become a medical 

assistant. She has been employed as a medical assistant since January 2017, 

and she earns approximately $13 per hour, or $24,000 per year.

With respect to the marital home, Husband purchased a home in 1996, 

prior to the parties’ marriage, for approximately $191,000. The home was 

placed in the names of both Husband and Wife in 2006, and the mortgage on 

the home was paid off in 2008. Since the parties’ separation, both parties 

have continued to live there and Husband has paid all expenses for the marital 

home. Wife represented that she has no interest in remaining in the marital 

home. Id. at 7, 88. Husband indicated that if he were awarded the marital 

home, he would consider selling it. Id. The Master found that the marital 

home had a net value of $300,115. Master’s Report, 6/8/2018, at 9.

Husband testified that post-separation, Wife was taking money from the 

parties’ joint accounts and transferring it to her own account. N.T., 4/10/2018, 

at 22-28. According to Husband, he paid all expenses related to the marital 

home since the parties’ separation, so he believed those transfers were not 

appropriate. 

On June 8, 2018, the Master filed a report, where he provided, in 

relevant part, that “[t]o achieve economic justice from” the assets available, 

Husband would keep the marital home as well as $33,150 from the parties’
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joint Wells Fargo account. Master’s Report, 6/8/2018, at 10. The Master 

awarded Wife the remaining $100,000 from the Wells Fargo account, and the 

entire value, $236,988, of the parties’ New Tripoli money market account. 

Wife also received 50% of the marital component of Husband’s 401(k) and 

100% of her IRA, which was worth approximately $13,000. According to the 

Master, he utilized this distribution scheme because Husband “indicated that 

he is interested in keeping” the marital home, and Wife was concerned about 

her need for liquid funds. Id. at 9. In addition, the Master awarded Wife 

alimony through July 1, 2022. Specifically, the Master took into account the 

length of the marriage, Husband’s superior earning capacity, even though the 

nature of his future earning may not be guaranteed. In considering the length 

of the alimony obligation, the Master withheld alimony from Wife so long as 

Wife was residing in the marital home, and the Master took into account Wife’s 

“post separation/anticipation of separation withdrawals.” Id. at 16. 

Husband filed exceptions to the Master’s Report, claiming, in relevant 

part, that the Master 1) “erred by failing to credit Husband for the payments 

he made post-separation and in anticipation of separation on Wife’s behalf 

and/or for Wife’s benefit[;]” 2) “erred by failing to credit Husband for the 

withdrawals Wife took for her sole use and benefit from the joint marital bank 

account[;]” 3) erred in failing to divide assets equally between Husband and 

Wife; and 4) erred by failing to divide the marital home equally between 
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Husband and Wife. Husband’s Exceptions to Master’s Report, 7/18/2018, at 

¶ 3.

The trial court heard argument on Husband’s exceptions on November 

6, 2018, and on January 17, 2019, the trial court entered an opinion and order 

overruling Husband’s exceptions. A divorce decree was entered on March 29, 

2019, and on April 25, 2019, Husband filed a notice of appeal challenging the 

trial court’s order overruling his exceptions. Both Husband and the trial court 

complied with Pa.R.A.P. 1925.

On appeal, Husband presents the following issues for our review.

I. Whether the trial court erred and/or abused its 

discretion by affirming the Master’s failure to credit [Husband] for 

the payments he made on [Wife’s] behalf and/or for [Wife’s] 

benefit in addition to Wife’s unilateral withdrawals from joint bank 

accounts both post-separation and in anticipation of separation?

II. Whether the trial court erred and/or abused its 

discretion by affirming the Master’s failure to divide all of the 

marital liquid financial accounts evenly between [Husband] and 

[Wife] and instead awarding [Wife] the majority of those 

accounts?

III. Whether the trial court erred and/or abused its 

discretion by affirming the Master’s failure to take into 

consideration the actual dollar amount realized from the sale of 

the marital residence has the potential to be less than the 

assigned value of the residence as well as failing to divide the 

equity in the marital residence between [Husband] and [Wife] 

evenly in the distribution scheme?

Husband’s Brief at 8 (unnecessary capitalization omitted).

We consider Husband’s issues mindful of the following.

A trial court has broad discretion when fashioning an award of 

equitable distribution. Our standard of review when assessing the 
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propriety of an order effectuating the equitable distribution of 

marital property is whether the trial court abused its discretion by 

a misapplication of the law or failure to follow proper legal 

procedure. We do not lightly find an abuse of discretion, which 

requires a showing of clear and convincing evidence. This Court 

will not find an abuse of discretion unless the law has been 

overridden or misapplied or the judgment exercised was 

manifestly unreasonable, or the result of partiality, prejudice, 

bias, or ill will, as shown by the evidence in the certified record. 

In determining the propriety of an equitable distribution award, 

courts must consider the distribution scheme as a whole. We 

measure the circumstances of the case against the objective of 

effectuating economic justice between the parties and achieving a 

just determination of their property rights.

Reber v. Reiss, 42 A.3d 1131, 1134 (Pa. Super. 2012) (quoting Biese v. 

Biese, 979 A.2d 892, 895 (Pa. Super. 2009)). 

In fashioning an equitable distribution award, the trial court 

must consider, at a minimum, the eleven factors set forth in 23 

Pa.C.S.[] § 3502.... These factors require the trial court to 

consider the relative economic positions of the parties and the 

nature of the parties’ relationship. The section 3502 factors are 

not a simple formula, rather they serve as a guideline for 

consideration. The facts of a particular case mandate how the 

section 3502 factors will be applied.

Gates v. Gates, 933 A.2d 102, 105 (Pa. Super. 2007). The factors 

enumerated in section 3502 are as follows.

(1) The length of the marriage.

(2) Any prior marriage of either party.

(3) The age, health, station, amount and sources of income, 

vocational skills, employability, estate, liabilities and needs of 

each of the parties.

(4) The contribution by one party to the education, training or 

increased earning power of the other party.
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(5) The opportunity of each party for future acquisitions of capital 

assets and income.

(6) The sources of income of both parties, including, but not 

limited to, medical, retirement, insurance or other benefits.

(7) The contribution or dissipation of each party in the acquisition, 

preservation, depreciation or appreciation of the marital property, 

including the contribution of a party as homemaker.

(8) The value of the property set apart to each party.

(9) The standard of living of the parties established during the 

marriage.

(10) The economic circumstances of each party at the time the 

division of property is to become effective.

(10.1) The Federal, State and local tax ramifications associated 

with each asset to be divided, distributed or assigned, which 

ramifications need not be immediate and certain.

(10.2) The expense of sale, transfer or liquidation associated with 

a particular asset, which expense need not be immediate and 

certain.

(11) Whether the party will be serving as the custodian of any 

dependent minor children.

23 Pa.C.S. § 3502(a).

We do not evaluate the propriety of the distribution order upon 

our agreement with the court[’s] actions nor do we find a basis for 

reversal in the court’s application of a single factor. Rather, we 

look at the distribution as a whole, in light of the court’s overall 

application of the [23 Pa.C.S. § 3502(a)] factors.... If we fail to 

find an abuse of discretion, the [o]rder must stand.

Lee v. Lee, 978 A.2d 380, 383 (Pa. Super. 2009) (quoting Trembach v. 

Trembach, 615 A.2d 33, 36 (Pa. Super. 1992)). 
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In addition, although Husband does not specifically challenge the 

Master’s award of alimony to Wife, because it was part of the overall 

distribution scheme, we set forth those factors as well.4 See Braderman v. 

Braderman, 488 A.2d 613, 621 (Pa. Super. 1985) (“In determining the 

amount of alimony the court properly relied, inter alia, on the property 

distributed to both parties under the equitable distribution scheme.”); see

also Nemoto v. Nemoto, 620 A.2d 1216, 1221 n.6 (Pa. Super. 1993) (“[W]e 

cannot view an order granting alimony in isolation from a trial court’s equitable 

distribution scheme because the relative assets of the parties is one factor 

which must be considered by the lower court in the alimony context.”). The 

alimony factors are:

(1) The relative earnings and earning capacities of the parties.

(2) The ages and the physical, mental and emotional conditions of 

the parties.

(3) The sources of income of both parties, including, but not 

limited to, medical, retirement, insurance or other benefits.

(4) The expectancies and inheritances of the parties.

(5) The duration of the marriage.

(6) The contribution by one party to the education, training or 

increased earning power of the other party.

(7) The extent to which the earning power, expenses or financial 

obligations of a party will be affected by reason of serving as the 

custodian of a minor child.

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4 “An award of alimony may be reversed where there is an apparent abuse of 

discretion or there is insufficient evidence to support the award.” Brubaker 

v. Brubaker, 201 A.3d 180, 190 (Pa. Super. 2018).
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(8) The standard of living of the parties established during the 

marriage.

(9) The relative education of the parties and the time necessary 

to acquire sufficient education or training to enable the party 

seeking alimony to find appropriate employment.

(10) The relative assets and liabilities of the parties.

(11) The property brought to the marriage by either party.

(12) The contribution of a spouse as homemaker.

(13) The relative needs of the parties.

(14) The marital misconduct of either of the parties during the 

marriage. The marital misconduct of either of the parties from the 

date of final separation shall not be considered by the court in its 

determinations relative to alimony, except that the court shall 

consider the abuse of one party by the other party. As used in this 

paragraph, “abuse” shall have the meaning given to it under 

section 6102 (relating to definitions).

(15) The Federal, State and local tax ramifications of the alimony 

award.

(16) Whether the party seeking alimony lacks sufficient property, 

including, but not limited to, property distributed under Chapter 

35 (relating to property rights), to provide for the party’s 

reasonable needs.

(17) Whether the party seeking alimony is incapable of selfsupport through appropriate employment.

23 Pa.C.S § 3701(b).

Husband first contends the trial court erred in overruling his exception 

to the Master’s Report where the Master failed to credit him for $76,000 that 

Wife unilaterally withdrew from the parties’ joint bank account post-
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separation.5 Husband’s Brief at 14. According to Husband, the Master failed 

to account adequately for the “precarious nature of [his] employment as well 

as [his] fluctuating income.” Id. 

Here, the trial court recognized that Wife resided in the marital home, 

with Husband paying those expenses, for the two years since the parties’ date 

of separation. See Trial Court Opinion, 1/17/2019, at 4. The trial court 

adopted the Master’s rationale for how it accounted for these anticipation-ofseparation and post-separation payments.

Husband shall be responsible to [W]ife for a total of 6 years 

of alimony. However, [H]usband is entitled to credit from the date 

of separation moving forward. Accordingly, his alimony obligation 

will end on July 1, 2022 (6 years from the date of separation). 

While [W]ife remains in the marital home, [H]usband shall be 

ordered and directed to continue to pay all of the outstanding 

invoices and expenses. This obligation shall be modifiable. 

However, while [W]ife remains in the marital home, [H]usband 

shall have no obligation to make any alimony payments to [W]ife. 

Rather, the parties will continue to live, as they have done so in 

the past, until [W]ife physically moves out of the marital home. 

After [W]ife moves out of the marital home, [H]usband’s alimony 

obligation will be in accordance with Northampton [C]ounty 

Domestic Relation guidelines.

The undersigned notes that [W]ife made a series of post 

separation/anticipation of separation withdrawals and these 

actions have been taken into account. No adjustment shall be 

made. Accordingly from a practical standpoint, [W]ife will be 

receiving an award of greater than six years.

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5 Husband references pages 159 and 160 of the reproduced record, which 

corresponds to pages 32 and 33 of the notes of testimony from the April 10, 

2018 hearing. Our review of both does not reveal this number being 

mentioned by either Husband or Wife. See Reproduced Record, 159-60; N.T., 

4/10/2018, at 32-33. In his post-hearing letter brief to the trial court, 

Husband contended the expenditures totaled $45,476. Husband’s PostHearing Letter Brief, 5/14/2018, at 2; Trial Court Opinion, 1/17/2019, at 4.
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Trial Court Opinion, 1/17/2019, at 6 (quoting Master’s Report, 6/8/2018, at 

16). 

Here, the parties were married for a substantial period of time, and 

Husband was the sole provider for most of the parties’ marriage. Husband 

was essentially credited two years of alimony payments in exchange for Wife’s 

withdrawals. While Husband emphasizes his allegedly precarious employment 

situation, the trial court was required to consider multiple factors in reaching 

this decision, including the fact that Wife did not receive alimony pendente lite

during the parties’ separation. Upon review, we discern no abuse of discretion 

in the trial court’s decision and conclude Husband is not entitled to relief on 

this claim. 

Husband next contends the trial court erred in overruling his exceptions 

to the Master’s Report by failing to conduct “a specific review of each of the 

applicable equitable distribution factors.” Husband’s Brief at 15. Again, 

Husband references what he considers his “precarious” employment situation 

and the financial consequences of either selling or taking out a loan against 

the equity of the marital home. Id. at 16. 

Although the Master did not do a factor-by-factor analysis,6it is clear 

that he did examine all of the relevant statutory factors in reaching his 

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6 “While the list of factors in Section 3502 serves as a guideline for 

consideration, the list is neither exhaustive nor specific as to the weight to be 

given the various factors. Accordingly, the court has flexibility of method and 
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conclusions. See Master’s Report, 6/8/2018, at 2-12. Additionally, the trial 

court considered the Master’s Report, as well as the statutory factors, in 

overruling Husband’s exceptions. See Trial Court Opinion, 1/17/2019, at 8-9. 

Husband is in reality asking us to reweigh these factors. That we will not do. 

Busse v. Busse, 921 A.2d 1248, 1260 (Pa. Super. 2007) (“The weight to be 

given to the[] statutory factors depends on the facts of each case and is within 

the court’s discretion. We will not reweigh them.”) (internal citations and 

quotation marks omitted). Thus, we conclude Husband is not entitled to relief.

Finally, Husband argues that the trial court should have divided the 

equity of the marital home between Husband and Wife evenly. Husband’s Brief 

at 17. It is Husband’s position that the trial court has placed “an unfair 

burden” on him by leaving “uncertainty with respect to the value” of the 

marital home. Id.

Here, Husband expressed interest in remaining in the marital home, 

while Wife did not. The trial court considered Husband’s contention that there 

is a possibility “that the marital residence would sell for less than the assigned 

value,” but concluded it was not a sufficient basis to disturb the Master’s 

recommendation because Husband did not present evidence in support of this 

contention. Trial Court Opinion, 1/17/2019, at 10. As the trial court pointed 

out, “under the Master’s proposed distribution, Husband gets the benefit of 

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concomitantly assumes responsibility in rendering its decisions.” Hess v. 

Hess, 212 A.3d 520, 524 (Pa. Super. 2019) (internal citations and quotation 

marks omitted).
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choosing between keeping the residence and keeping the net proceeds from 

selling it.” Id. In fact, even if Husband sells the marital home for more than 

the appraised value, he gets to keep all proceeds. Id. Again, viewing the 

equitable distribution scheme as a whole, we conclude the trial court did not 

abuse its discretion in overruling Husband’s exceptions.

Having concluded that Husband has presented this Court with no basis 

for relief, we affirm the order of the trial court.

Order affirmed. 

Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.

Prothonotary

Date: 2/12/20