# Patent

## Title
Telescopic seating systems, and foldable chairs and related components for use within telescopic seating systems

## Abstract

The telescopic seating systems, and foldable chairs and related components for use within telescopic seating systems, of the present disclosure may incorporate occupant support elements within a space between a top surface of a seat frame structure and a bottom surface of the seat frame structure. Springs may be attached to the top surface of the chair frame structure and configured to extend into the space. Alternatively, or additionally, a chair cushion may extend into the space.

## Background
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
The present application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. §119(b) to commonly assigned patent application Ser. No. 61/856,013, entitled Telescopic Seating Systems, and Foldable Chairs and Related Components for use within Telescopic Seating Systems, filed Jul. 18, 2013; Ser. No. 61/868,547, entitled Telescopic Seating Systems, and Foldable Chairs and Related Components for use within Telescopic Seating Systems, filed Aug. 21, 2013; Ser. No. 61/946,824, entitled Rocker Style Chairs, Modular Components for use within Rocker Style Chairs and Parts for use within the Modular Components, filed Mar. 2, 2014; Ser. No. 62/006,363, entitled Reconfigurable Seating Systems, Seat Assemblies for use within the Reconfigurable Seating Systems, Components for use within the Seat Assemblies and Parts for use within the Components, filed Jun. 2, 2014; and Ser. No. 62/018,854, entitled Beam Mounted Chair Assemblies, Chair Assemblies for use within the Beam Mounted Chair assemblies, Components for use within the Chair Assemblies and Parts for use within the Components, filed Jun. 30, 2014, the disclosures of which are all incorporated herein in their entireties by reference.


TECHNICAL FIELD
The present disclosure generally relates to telescopic seating systems, and foldable chairs and related components for use within telescopic seating systems. More particularly, the present disclosure relates to occupant support elements within a space between a top surface of a chair frame structure and a bottom surface of the chair frame structure, and to providing power and data connectors within the telescopic seating systems.
BACKGROUND
Telescopic seating systems are often incorporated into gymnasiums, auditoriums, stadiums, theaters, arenas, conference centers, cinemas, places of worship (e.g., a church), education facilities, classrooms, performance halls and the like. The related seating may be bleacher type seating, individual arm chairs, individual chairs with a related work tray or a combination of bleacher seating and individual chairs. In any event, the bleachers and/or individual chairs may be attached to a telescopic structure.
Telescopic seating systems provide flexibility in utilizing related space within gymnasiums, auditoriums, stadiums and the like. When an event requires seating, the telescopic seating system may be extended into the associated space. When an event requires the space for purposes other than seating, the telescopic seating may be stowed away into a compact portion of the space.
Telescopic seating systems and foldable chairs are needed that stow away into a compact space while providing comfortable seating. Furthermore, telescopic seating systems are needed that have power and data connections having interconnecting wires with limited flex points and limited exposure to chair occupants.
SUMMARY
A foldable chair may include a structural frame having a first surface defined by a first side of the structural frame and having a second surface defined by a second side of the structural frame. The foldable chair may further include an occupant support having a spring structure attached to the structural frame that extends into a space that is defined as being below the first surface and being above the second surface. The foldable chair may also include a membrane, attached to the second surface of the structural frame, that limits movement of the spring structure. The foldable chair may also include a cushion, supported by the spring structure, that cooperates with the spring structure to at least partially conform to a portion of a profile of an occupant and that supports the occupant.
In another embodiment, a telescopic seating system may include a plurality of foldable chairs. Each foldable chair may include a structural frame having a first surface defined by a first side of the structural frame and having a second surface defined by a second side of the structural frame. Each foldable chair may also include a membrane, attached to the second surface of the structural frame. Each foldable chair may also include a cushion, supported by the membrane and substantially fills a space defined to be between the first surface and the second surface, that at least partially conforms to a portion of a profile of an occupant and that supports the occupant.
In yet another embodiment, a foldable chair may include a structural frame having a first surface defined by a first side of the structural frame and having a second surface defined by a second side of the structural frame. The foldable chair may also include a membrane, attached to the second surface of the structural frame. The foldable chair may also include a cushion, supported by the membrane and substantially fills a space defined to be between the first surface and the second surface, that at least partially conforms to a portion of a profile of an occupant and that supports the occupant.
In yet a further embodiment, a telescopic seating system may include a power connector and a data connector. The power connector and the data connector may be located within the telescopic seating system such that there is no flex point in the interconnecting wires associated with the individual chairs. The power connector and the data connector may be centrally located between adjacent foldable chairs so that a first occupant of a first foldable chair and a second occupant of a second foldable chair may access the power connector and the data connector.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The figures described below depict various aspects of telescopic seating systems, and foldable chairs and components for use within the telescopic seating systems disclosed herein. It should be understood that each figure depicts an embodiment of a particular aspect of the disclosed systems, chairs or components, and that each of the figures is intended to accord with a possible embodiment thereof. Furthermore, wherever possible, the following description refers to the reference numerals included in the following figures, in which features depicted in multiple figures may be designated with consistent reference numerals.
FIG. 1A depicts a plan view of an example telescopic seating system, with integral power and data connections, extended for use;
FIG. 1B depicts a profile view of an example telescopic seating system, with integral power and data connections, extended for use;
FIG. 1C depicts a profile view of an example telescopic seating system, with integral power and data connections, stowed away;
FIG. 1D depicts a profile view of an example row of foldable chairs arranged in a telescopic seating system with integral power and data connections;
FIG. 1E depicts a perspective view of an example telescopic seating system, with power and data outlets shown in alternate locations, extended for use;
FIG. 1F depicts a perspective view of the example telescopic seating system of FIG. 1E stowed away;
FIG. 2 depicts a perspective view of an example foldable chair, for use within a telescopic seating system of FIGS. 1E and 1F, having a work tray and extended for use;
FIGS. 3A-3C depict various views of another example foldable chair for use within a telescopic seating system of FIGS. 1E and 1F;
FIGS. 4A-4E depict various views of an example chair occupant support;
FIG. 5A depicts an exploded, perspective view, of an example chair occupant support similar to FIGS. 4A-4E;
FIG. 5B depicts an exploded, perspective view, of another example chair occupant support similar to FIGS. 4A-4E;
FIGS. 6A and 6B depict perspective views of an example chair cushion;
FIG. 6C depicts a perspective view of a bottom of another example chair cushion;
FIG. 7 depicts a perspective view of an example chair support frame structure along with a spring structure and a chair pan for use in a chair occupant support;
FIGS. 8A-8H and 8J-8N depict various views of components for use in a chair occupant support;
FIGS. 9A and 9B depict perspective views of an example chair pan for use in a foldable chair;
FIGS. 10A-10H depict various sectional views of example components for use in a chair occupant support structure; and
FIGS. 11A-11C depict components of a foldable chair related to an example close position limiter.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION
The telescopic seating systems, and foldable chairs and related components, of the present disclosure provide comfort to a chair occupant while retaining a compact stow away profile. In particular, individual chairs may include a chair occupant support that includes a spring structure that at least partially extends into a space defined by a corresponding chair frame structure. The chair occupant support (e.g., a seat and/or back) may include a cushion, in addition to or in lieu of the spring structure, that at least partially extends into the space defined by the chair frame structure. The chair frame structure may include a membrane that may limit movement of the chair occupant support, may preclude a chair occupant from exposure to pinch points, may provide chair wear resistance and provide chair isolation of a chair occupant from impacts on the chair.
For example, an occupant of a first chair may be isolated from an occupant of a second chair, that is behind the first chair, from pressing on a back side of the first chair. Furthermore, when a chair of the present disclosure is incorporated into a telescopic seating system, the frame structure and membrane may provide rigidity to external chair components (e.g., decorative outer shell components) that impact the corresponding telescopic seating structure and or chair-to-chair impact.
The individual chairs and/or telescopic seating systems of the present disclosure may be installed within gymnasiums, auditoriums, stadiums, theaters, arenas, conference centers, cinemas, places of worship (e.g., a church), education facilities, classrooms, performance halls and the like. The individual chairs of the present disclosure may provide comfort to an occupant while incorporating a low profile back and/or seat. The telescopic seating systems may be provided with power and/or data connections proximate the foldable chairs.
Turning to FIG. 1A, a plan view of a telescopic seating system 100a is depicted expanded and ready for use. The telescopic seating system 100a may include a first section 105a of foldable chairs 141a, 142a, a second section 110a of foldable chairs 141a, 142a and a third section 115a of foldable chairs 141a, 142a. Each section 105a, 110a, 115a may include a first row 120a of foldable chairs 141a, 142a, a second row 125a of foldable chairs 141a, 142a, a third row 130a of foldable chairs 141a, 142a, a fourth row 135a of foldable chairs 141a, 142a and a fifth row 140a of foldable chairs 141a, 142a. While the telescopic seating system 100a is depicted to include three sections 105a, 110a, 115a and five rows 120a, 125a, 130a, 135a, 145a of foldable chairs 141a, 142a, it should be understood that the telescopic seating system 100a may include any number of sections and any number of rows of foldable chairs 141a, 142a. As further depicted in FIG. 1A, the telescopic seating system 100a may include power/data connections 145a interconnected via wiring 150a. The wiring 150a may include power conductors that are bundled into a first multi-conductor cable that is separate from second multi-conductor cable that includes the data conductors. Alternatively, the power conductors may be bundled together with the data conductors within a common multi-conductor cable. While FIG. 1A depicts a power/data connection 145a located between each set of foldable chairs 141a, 142a, the telescopic seating system 100a may include a power/data connection 145a for each foldable chair 141a or may include more than two foldable chairs 141a, 142a per power/data connection 145a. Alternatively, or additionally, power/data connections 145a may be located in a rear riser, a dust cover, a deck, a nose beam, etc. Associated power/data connections may include on site wiring similar to wiring a building or may be, at least partially, pre-wired connections as done with lecture room tables and panel systems (e.g., as provided by Electri-cable Assemblies or Byrne Electrical Specialists, as discussed below).
The power/data connections 145a may provide between approximately 100 Volts and approximately 240 Volts, alternating current (AC), electrical power with between approximately 10 Ampere and 30 Ampere capacity. Each power connection 145a may be provided with either a three wire or a four wire interconnection. Each power/data connection 145a may be provided with ground fault protection and/or surge protection. The power/data connections 145a may provide at least one Ethernet connection, at least one RS-232 connection, at least one universal serial bus (USB) connection, at least one S-video connection, at least one RS-485 connection, at least one telephone connection, at least one broadband connection, a combination thereof, a sub-combination thereof, or any other suitable data connection. While the power/data connections 145a are depicted in FIG. 1A as being common to one another, a power connection (e.g., power connection 146d) may be separate from a data connection (e.g., data connection 147d). Furthermore, any given power connection 146d and/or data connection 147d may include any number of individual connectors.
Any given power connector 146d and/or 147d may be, for example, a portion of a Byrne 8-Trac system as available from Byrne Electrical Specialists, Rockford, Mich. Alternatively, or additionally, any given power connector 146d and/or 147d may be, for example, a portion of a Villa Series, an Oasis UT Series, a Seclusion Series, a Daisylink Series, etc., as available from Electri-cable Assemblies, Shelton, Conn.
With reference to FIG. 1B, a profile view of a telescopic seating system 100b is depicted expanded and ready for use. The telescopic seating system 100b may be similar to the telescopic seating system 100a of FIG. 1A. In particular, the telescopic seating system may include a plurality of foldable chairs 141b. The telescopic seating system 100b may further include hand rails 175b. The hand rails 175b may be located along walkways within the telescopic seating system 100b. 
The telescopic seating system 100b may also include power/data junction boxes 160b having power/data umbilical cords 150b extending between the power/data junction boxes 160b. For example, a telescopic seating system 100b may include one set of power/data junction boxes 160b having power/data umbilical cords 150b extending underneath an associated structure and between the power/data junction boxes 160b (as shown in solid lines on FIG. 1B). Alternatively, a telescopic seating system 100b may include a plurality of power/data junction boxes 160b having a plurality of power/data umbilical cords 150b extending underneath and/or alongside of an associated structure and between the power/data junction boxes 160b (as shown in solid/dashed lines on FIG. 1B). Associated wiring to connect power and data outlets may extend from a first outlet in a first row to a second outlet in a second row to a third outlet in a third row, etc. Alternatively, or additionally, associated power/data wiring may extend to a particular row and then run between outlets in the particular row. Connections between power/data outlets and associated junction boxes may be made thru a deck, thru a rear riser, thru a special wire run that is part of a rear riser or thru a nose beam.
Turning to FIG. 1C, a profile view of a telescopic seating system 100b is depicted stowed away. The telescopic seating system 100c may be similar to the telescopic seating system 100b of FIG. 1B. In particular, the telescopic seating system may include a plurality of foldable chairs 141c. The telescopic seating system 100c may further include hand rails 175c. The hand rails 175c may be folded with respect to the telescopic seating system 100c when the telescopic seating system 100c is stowed away. The telescopic seating system 100c may also include power/data junction boxes 160c having power/data umbilical cords 150c extending between the power/data junction boxes 160c. As can be seen if FIG. 1C, the umbilical cords 150c may be configured to droop downward when the telescopic seating system 100c is stowed when compared to the umbilical cords 150b. The umbilical cords 150b, 150c may be provided with a protective outer jacket that limits wear and prevents damage to the power/data conductors within the umbilical cords 150b, 150c. 
With reference to FIG. 1D, a profile view of a row 100d of foldable chairs 141d, 142d may include a first power connector 146d and a first data connector 147d mounted to a first dust cover 155d and a second power connector 148d and a second data connector 149d mounted to a second dust cover 156d. The first power connector 146d and the first data connector 147d may be centrally located between a first foldable chair 141d and a second foldable chair 142d. The row 100d of foldable chairs 141d, 142d may also include a power/data conductor raceway 160d. The power/data conductor raceway 160d may extend between power/data junction boxes (not shown in FIG. 1D).
While the power connectors 146d, 148d and data connectors 147d, 149d are depicted in FIG. 1D as being mounted on a respective dust cover 155d, 156d, the power connectors 146d, 148d and data connectors 147d, 149d may be mounted to the individual foldable chairs 141d, 142d. However, mounting the power connectors 146d, 148d and data connectors 147d, 149d on a respective dust cover 155d, 156d (or alternate/additional location as shown in FIGS. 1D and 1E) reduces the number of conductor flex points when compared to mounting the power connectors 146d, 148d and/or data connectors 147d, 149d to the individual foldable chairs 141d, 142d. Alternatively, or additionally, as depicted in FIG. 1D, any given power connector 146d, 148d and/or any given data connector 147d, 149d may be located on a top dust cover, on an end dust cover, within a raceway (behind a door, e.g. a self-closing spring loaded door), on a deck plate, or any other suitable location within the associated telescopic seating structure such that a chair occupant has access while setting in an associated chair. Furthermore, individual foldable chairs 141d, 142d may be less complex when power connectors 146d, 148d and/or data connectors 147d, 149d are mounted on a respective dust cover 155d, 156d (or alternate/additional location as shown in FIGS. 1D and 1E) compared to mounting the power connectors 146d, 148d and/or data connectors 147d, 149d to the individual foldable chairs 141d, 142d. Yet furthermore, exposure of a chair occupant to the power connectors 146d, 148d and data connectors 147d, 149d may be reduced when the power connectors 146d, 148d and/or data connectors 147d, 149d are mounted on a respective dust cover 155d, 156d (or alternate/additional location as shown in FIGS. 1D and 1E) compared to mounting the power connectors 146d, 148d and/or data connectors 147d, 149d to the individual foldable chairs 141d, 142d. While the row 100d of foldable chairs 141d, 142d is depicted in FIG. 1D to include a power/data conductor raceway 160d, the interconnecting wires 150a may be routed within an area enclosed by the dust covers 155d, 156d or any other suitable conduit or wire way. Alternatively, conductors associated with the power connections may be located in a raceway or conduit separate from conductors associated with the data connections.
With reference to FIG. 1E, a telescopic seating system 100e includes a plurality of foldable chairs 142e attached to a telescopic structure 165e. As depicted in FIG. 1E, the telescopic seating system 100e is expanded and ready for occupants to set in the foldable chairs 142e. Each chair may be pivotally attached to the telescopic structure 165e via pivot members 166e. Any given foldable chair 110e, or each of the plurality of foldable chairs 142e, may include a work tray 170e. The telescopic seating system 100e may also include first power connector 146e and a first data connector 147e mounted to a first dust cover 155e. The telescopic seating system 100e may also include second power connector 148e and a second data connector 149e mounted to a second dust cover 156e. The first power connector 146e and the first data connector 147e may be centrally located between a first foldable chair 141e and a second foldable chair 142e. Alternatively, or additionally, as depicted in FIG. 1E, the power connectors 146e, 148e and/or data connectors 147e, 149e may be located on a top dust cover and/or on a deck plate, or any other suitable location within the associated telescopic seating structure.
Turning to FIG. 1F, the telescopic seating system 100e of FIG. 1E is depicted as a collapsed (or stowed-away) telescopic seating system 100f. As can be seen from FIG. 1F, each foldable chair 141f is folded-up into a chair distance 168f. Each foldable chair 141f has pivoted about corresponding pivot members 166f relative to the telescopic structure 165b when compared to the telescopic seating structure 100e of FIG. 1E. As can be seen in FIG. 1F, the telescopic structure 165f associated with each foldable chair 141f extends a distance 167f from the foldable chair 141f. The foldable chair 141f plus the associated telescopic structure 165f is contained within the stowed distance 169b. As described in detail herein, chair occupant support structures (e.g., chair occupant support 220, 230 of FIG. 2) may be configured to extend substantially all of the chair distance 168f. The telescopic seating system 100f may further include a first dust cover 155f and a second dust cover 156f. 
Turning to FIG. 2, a foldable chair 200, similar to any one of the plurality of foldable chairs 100e, 100f of FIGS. 1E and 1F, respectively, may be pivotally attached to a telescopic structure 205 via pivot members 206. As depicted in FIG. 2, the foldable chair 200 is unfolded and ready for an occupant to set in the foldable chair 200. For example, a first chair standard 240 may be pivotally attached to the telescopic structure 205 via a first pivot member (not shown in FIG. 2) and a second chair standard 245 may be pivotally attached to the telescopic structure 205 via a second pivot member 206. The foldable chair 200 may further include a back occupant support 220 and a bottom occupant support 230. The back occupant support 220 may include a back cover 221, such as leather, fabric, plastic, vinyl, rubber, composite material, etc., and a back pan 225, such as plastic, wood veneer, vinyl, composite material. In any event, the back cover 221 may be conformed around the back occupant support 220 and, at least partially, held in place via the back pan 225. Similarly, the bottom occupant support 230 may include a bottom cover 231 and a bottom pan 235.
The back occupant support 220 and the bottom occupant support 230 may be pivotally attached to one another via a first seat pivot (not shown in FIG. 2) and a second seat pivot 246. The bottom occupant support 230 may be pivotally attached to the first chair standard 240 via a first bottom pivot (not shown in FIG. 2) and pivotally attached to the second chair standard 245 via a second bottom pivot 249. The back occupant support 220 may be pivotally attached to the first chair standard 240 via a first back bracket 265, a first back pivot 248, a first arm bracket 260 and a first arm pivot 247. The back occupant support 220 may be pivotally attached to the second chair standard 245 via a second back bracket (not shown in FIG. 2), a second back pivot 241, a second arm bracket (not shown in FIG. 2) and a second arm pivot 242. The foldable chair 200 may further include a first arm 250, a second arm 255 and a work tray 215. The foldable chair 200 may be stowed away as illustrated with foldable chair 110f of FIG. 1F.
Turning to FIGS. 3A-3C, a foldable chair 300a, 300b, 300c is depicted that is similar to foldable chairs 142e, 141f, 200a aside from the foldable chair 300a, 300b, 300c not having a work tray 170e, 170f, 215. The foldable chair 300a is unfolded and ready for an occupant to set in the foldable chair 300a. The foldable chair 300c is folded and ready to be stowed away. The foldable chair 300b illustrates the foldable chair 300c superimposed in relation to the foldable chair 300a. The foldable chair 300a, 300b, 300c may include a back occupant support 320a, 320b, 320c and a bottom occupant support 330a, 330b, 330c. The back occupant support 320a, 320b, 320c may include a back cover 321a, 321b, 321c, such as leather, fabric, plastic, vinyl, rubber, composite material, etc., and a back pan 325a, 325b, 325c, such as plastic, wood veneer, vinyl, composite material. In any event, the back cover 321a, 321b, 321c may be conformed around the back occupant support 320a, 320b, 320c and, at least partially, held in place via the back pan 325a, 325b, 325c. Similarly, the bottom occupant support 330a, 330b, 330c may include a bottom cover 331a, 331b, 331c and a bottom pan 335a, 335b, 335c. 
The back occupant support 320a, 320b, 320c and the bottom occupant support 330a, 330b, 330c may be pivotally attached to one another via a first seat pivot 376a, incorporated into a first bottom chair bracket 375a, and a second seat pivot 346a, 346b incorporated into a second bottom chair bracket 380a, 380b, 380c. As can be seen in FIG. 3C, the second bottom chair bracket 380c may include a first post 382c and a second post 381c. The first post 382c may cooperate with the second bottom pivot 349a, 349b, 349c to pivotally attach the bottom occupant support 330a, 330b, 330c to the second chair standard 345a, 345b, 345c. 
The bottom occupant support 330a, 330b, 330c may be pivotally attached to the first chair standard 340a, 340c via a first bottom pivot (not shown in FIGS. 3A-3B) and pivotally attached to the second chair standard 345a, 345b, 345c via a second bottom pivot 349a, 349b, 349c. The back occupant support 320a, 320b, 320c may be pivotally attached to the first chair standard 340a, 340c via a first back bracket 365a, a first back pivot 348a, a first arm bracket 360a and a first arm pivot 347a. The back occupant support 320a, 320b, 320c may be pivotally attached to the second chair standard 345a, 345b, 345c via a second back bracket 380a, 380b, 380c, a second back pivot 341a, 341b, a second arm bracket 361a, 361b and a second arm pivot 342a, 342b, 342c. The foldable chair 300a, 300b, 300c may further include a first arm 350a, 350c and a second arm 355a, 355b, 355c. As depicted in FIG. 3C, the bottom pan 335a, 335b, 335c may be attached to the bottom occupant support 330a, 330b, 330c via a first fastener 336c and a second fastener 337c. 
The foldable chair 300a, 300b, 300c may be stowed away as illustrated with foldable chair 141f of FIG. 1F. As depicted in FIGS. 3A-3C, the bottom occupant support 330a, 330b, 330c and bottom pan 335a, 335b, 335c may have a thickness 332a, 332b, 332c. As depicted in FIG. 3B, the back occupant support 320b and back pan 325b may have a thickness 322b. As further depicted in FIG. 3B, the back occupant support 320b and back pan 325b combined with the bottom occupant support 330b and bottom pan 335b may have a thickness 308b. As yet further depicted in FIG. 3B, the foldable chair 300b may have a distance 333b extending vertically from a bottom of the first chair standard 345b to the bottom pan 335b. 
With reference now to FIGS. 4A-4E an bottom occupant support 430a-430e may include a bottom cover 431a and a bottom pan 435a-435e. The bottom occupant support 430a-430e may be similar to bottom occupant support 230, 330a-330c of FIGS. 2 and 3A-3C, respectively. FIG. 4A depicts a top perspective view of the bottom occupant support 430a. FIG. 4B depicts a bottom perspective view of the bottom occupant support 430b. FIG. 4C depicts a left side profile view of the bottom occupant support 430c. FIG. 4D depicts a front profile view of the bottom occupant support 430d. FIG. 4D depicts a back profile view of the bottom occupant support 430d. 
The bottom occupant support 430a-430e may further include a first bottom bracket 475a-475e and a second bottom bracket 480a, 480d, 480e. The first bottom bracket 475a-475e may include a first post 476a, 476b, 476c, 476e and a second post 477a-477d. The second bottom bracket 480a, 480d, 480e may include a first post 481a, 481e and a second post 482a, 482d. As further shown in FIG. 4C, the bottom occupant support 430a-430e combined with the bottom pan 435a-435e may have a thickness 432c. It should be understood that a back occupant support 220, 320a-320c of FIGS. 2 and 3A-C, respectively, may contain similar features as bottom occupant support 430a-430e. 
Turning to FIG. 5A, an exploded, top perspective view of a bottom occupant support 500a is depicted. The bottom occupant support 500a may be similar to bottom occupant support 430a-430e of FIGS. 4A-4E. The back occupant support 220, 320a-320c of FIGS. 2 and 3A-3C may include similar features as will be described with regard to bottom occupant support 500a. The bottom occupant support 500a may include a bottom cushion 583a, a bottom frame structure 585a and a bottom pan 535a. The bottom occupant support 500a may further include a bottom cover (not shown in FIG. 5A) that may wrap around the bottom cushion 583 and around the sides of the bottom frame structure 585a an secure to the rectangular openings 590a. The bottom pan 535a may be secured to the bottom frame structure 585a via a first hook 538a engaging an edge of a first rectangular opening 590a, a second hook 539a engaging an edge of a second rectangular opening 590a, a first fastener (not shown in FIG. 5A) extending through a first hole 536a to engage a first connector 587a and a second fastener (not shown in FIG. 5A) extending through a second hole (not shown in FIG. 5A) to engage a second connector 588. Thereby, the bottom pan 535a provides a decorative, aesthetically pleasing, cover over the edges of the bottom cover.
With further reference to FIG. 5A, the bottom pan 535a may include a mold plug 537a that aligns with, and is received in, an opening 589a in a membrane 586a of the bottom frame structure 585a. The bottom frame structure 585a may further include a first spring attachment 516a and a second spring attachment 593a. The first and second spring attachments 516a, 593a may be secured to the bottom frame structure 585a anywhere between a top surface 518a of the bottom frame structure 585a and a bottom surface 519a of the bottom frame structure 585a. In any event, the first and second spring attachments 516a, 593a may include spring hooks 517a, 591a, respectively, to secure a series of support springs 595a to the first and second spring attachments 516a, 593a. While the support springs 595a may bow away from the membrane 586a when there is no occupant setting on the bottom occupant support 500a, the support springs 595a may bow toward the membrane 586a, and extend into a space defined by the top surface 518a and the bottom surface 519a of the bottom frame structure 585a, when an occupant sets on the bottom occupant support 500a. The bottom cushion 583a may conform to the support springs 595a to provide additional comfort to the occupant. While the support springs 595a are depicted as extending from side-to-side across the occupant support 500a, the support springs 595a may extend from front-to-back and/or both side-to-side and front-to-back. The occupant support 500a may include support springs 595a closer together in some sections compared to other sections, thereby, the support springs may further conform to at least a portion of a profile of an occupant. The occupant support 500a may be configured such that the support springs 595a are compressed against the membrane 586a when an occupant weighing over 200 lbs. sets on the occupant support 500a. Alternatively, or additionally, the support springs 595a may deflect only to the upper surface 518a of the structural frame 585a when an occupant weighing less than 50 lbs. sets on the occupant support 500a. 
The bottom occupant support 500a may further include a first bottom bracket 575a and a second bottom bracket 580a. The first bottom bracket 575 may include a first post 576 and a second post 577a. The second bottom bracket 580 may include a first post 581a and a second post 582a. The bottom occupant support 500a may also include a first plate 596a and a second plate 597a that space the first bottom bracket 575a from the first frame bracket 592a when the first bottom bracket 575a is connected to the first frame bracket 592a. The bottom occupant support 500a may also include a third plate 598a and a fourth plate 599a that space the second bottom bracket 580a from the second frame bracket 594a when the second bottom bracket 580a is connected to the second frame bracket 594a. The first frame bracket 592a, the first plate 596a, the second plate and the first bottom bracket 575a along with the second frame bracket 594a, the third plate 598a, the fourth plate 599a and the second bottom bracket 580a may be used to vary an overall width (e.g., distance 334a of FIG. 3A) and a height (e.g. distance 333b of FIG. 3B), with respect to a bottom of a chair standard (e.g., chair standard 345b of FIG. 3B), of the a foldable chair 142e, 141f, 200, 300a-300c. The first frame bracket 592a, the first plate 596a, the second plate along with the second frame bracket 594a, the third plate 598a, the fourth plate 599a may be covered by a portion of the cushion (e.g., portion 681a, 681b of FIGS. 6A and 6B, respectively) and a corresponding seat cover to substantially hide the first frame bracket 592a, the first plate 596a, the second plate along with the second frame bracket 594a, the third plate 598a, the fourth plate 599a from view.
For example, a height 514a of the first frame bracket 592a and a corresponding height of the second frame bracket 594a may be varied to change the distance 333b. Thereby, a height (e.g., distance 332b plus distance 333b of FIG. 3B) of a top surface of the bottom occupant support 500a may be kept constant irrespective of the thickness (e.g., distance 332b of FIG. 3B) of the bottom occupant support 500a. As a result, a thicker (e.g., distance 685a of FIG. 6A) cushion 585a may be incorporated within a bottom occupant support 500a and not change the height (e.g., distance 332b plus distance 333b of FIG. 3B). A thickness 513a of the second plate 597a along with a corresponding thickness of the first plate 596a, the third plate 598a and the fourth plate 599a may be varied, or a plate 596a and/or 597a and 598a and/or 599a may be removed, to change the distance 334a. Thereby, wider and narrower bottom occupant supports 500a may be accommodated.
While not shown in FIG. 5A, the bottom occupant support 500a may in fabric sheets (or “scrim”) place between the cushion 583a and the support springs 595a and/or between the support springs 595a and the membrane 586a. The fabric sheets (or “scrim”) may reduce noise and wear. The fabric sheets may be referred to as an anti-chafe barrier.
With referenced to FIG. 5B, a bottom occupant support 500b may similar to the bottom occupant support 500a of FIG. 5A except the bottom occupant support 500b does not include the first and second spring attachments 516a, 593a, the spring hooks 517a, 591a, respectively, to secure a series of support springs 595a to the first and second spring attachments 516a, 593a. Indeed, the cushion 583b is configured to be directly supported by the membrane 586b with no intervening support springs 595a. The cushion 583b may substantially completely fill a space define to be between a top surface 518b and a bottom surface 519b of the frame structure 585b. The remaining reference numbers of FIG. 5B are intended to represent the same elements as with respect to the reference numbers of FIG. 5A only followed by a “b” in lieu of an “a.”
With reference now to FIGS. 6A and 6B, a bottom cushion 600a, 600b may include a top surface 680a, a perimeter surface 680b with a bottom frame bracket receptacle 681a, 681b, and a bottom surface 682b. The bottom cushion 583a, 583b of FIGS. 5A and 5B, respectively, may be similar to the bottom cushion 600a, 600b. The bottom cushion 600a, 600b may include a thickness 685a. A channel 683b and a lip 684b may define a frame receptacle to receive a bottom frame structure (e.g., bottom frame structure 585a of FIG. 5A). The bottom cushion 600a, 600b may be made of foam rubber, air (or gas) infused plastic, Styrofoam, sponge rubber, sponge, feather filled pack, etc. A back cushion may be similar in construction to the bottom cushion 600a, 600b. The cushion 600a, 600b may have a contoured upper surface 680a that conforms to at least a portion of a profile of an occupant. Alternatively, or additionally, the cushion 600a, 600b may have a variable density, such that the cushion 600a, 600b further conforms to at least a portion of a profile of an occupant.
With reference to FIG. 6C, the cushion 600c may be similar to the cushion 600a, 600b except that the cushion 600c may include a bottom surface 682c that extends into a space below a top surface of a corresponding frame structure (e.g., frame structure 585b of FIG. 5B). The bottom surface 682c may be in direct contact with a corresponding membrane (e.g., membrane 586b of FIG. 5B). The cushion 600c may further include a bottom frame bracket receptacle 681c and a channel 683c and a lip 684c. 
Turning to FIG. 7, a top perspective view of a bottom frame structure 785 with support springs 785 is depicted along with a bottom pan 735. The bottom frame structure 785 may be similar to the bottom frame structure 585a of FIG. 5A and the bottom pan 735 may be similar to bottom pan 535a of FIG. 5A. The bottom pan 735 may be secured to the bottom frame structure 785 via a first hook 738 engaging an edge of a first rectangular opening 790, a second hook 739 engaging an edge of a second rectangular opening 790, a first fastener (not shown in FIG. 7) extending through a first hole (not shown in FIG. 7) to engage a first connector 787 and a second fastener (not shown in FIG. 7) extending through a second hole (not shown in FIG. 7) to engage a second connector 788. The bottom pan 735 may include a mold plug 737 that aligns with, and is received in, an opening 789 in a membrane 786 of the bottom frame structure 785. The bottom frame structure 785 may further include a first spring attachment 716 and a second spring attachment 793. The first and second spring attachments 716, 793 may be secured to the bottom frame structure 785 anywhere between a top surface 718 of the bottom frame structure 785 and a bottom surface 719 of the bottom frame structure 785. In any event, the first and second spring attachments 716, 793 may include spring hooks 717, 791, respectively, to secure a series of support springs 795 to the first and second spring attachments 716, 793. While the support springs 795 may bow away from the membrane 786 when there is no occupant setting on the bottom occupant support (e.g., bottom occupant support 500a of FIG. 5A), the support springs 795 may bow toward the membrane 786, and extend into a space defined by the top surface 718 and the bottom surface 719 of the bottom frame structure 785, when an occupant sets on the bottom occupant support 500a. 
The bottom frame structure 785 may further include a first bottom bracket 775 and a second bottom bracket 780. The first bottom bracket 775 may include a first post 776 and a second post 777. The second bottom bracket 780 may include a first post 781 and a second post 782. The bottom frame structure may also include a first frame bracket 792 and a second frame bracket 794.
With reference to FIGS. 8A-8H and 8J-8N, further details of a bottom frame structure 800a-h, 800j-800n are depicted. FIG. 8A depicts a front plan view of a bottom frame structure 800a. The bottom frame structure 800a may include a frame 885a, support springs 895a, a first frame bracket 892a, a second frame bracket 894a, a first bottom frame bracket 875a and a second bottom frame bracket 880a. The first bottom frame bracket 875a may include a second post 877a and the second bottom frame bracket 880a may include a second post 882a. 
The bottom frame structure 800a-h, 800j-800n may be similar to the bottom frame structure 585a of FIG. 5A. The bottom frame structure 800b may include a plurality of rectangular openings 890b in a membrane 886b. While the openings 890b are shown in FIG. 8B as being rectangular in shape, it should be understood that the openings 890b may define any shape, such as circular, square, triangle, oval, etc. The membrane 886b may include an opening 889b. The bottom frame structure 885b may further include a first spring attachment 816b and a second spring attachment 893b. The first and second spring attachments 816b, 893b may be secured to the bottom frame structure 885b anywhere between a top surface 818b of the bottom frame structure 885b and a bottom surface 819b of the bottom frame structure 885b. In any event, the first and second spring attachments 816b, 893b may include spring hooks 817b, 891b, respectively, to secure a series of support springs 895b to the first and second spring attachments 816b, 893b. While the support springs 895b may bow away from the membrane 886b when there is no occupant setting on the bottom occupant support (e.g., bottom occupant support 500a of FIG. 5A), the support springs 895b may bow toward the membrane 886b, and extend into a space defined by the top surface 818b and the bottom surface 819b of the bottom frame structure 885b, when an occupant sets on the bottom occupant support 500a. The support springs 895b may be substantially flat across the spring attachment 816b to the spring attachment 893b when there is no occupant setting on the bottom occupant support 500a. Alternatively, the support springs 895b may bow toward the membrane 886b when there is no occupant setting on the bottom occupant support 500a. 
The bottom frame structure 885b may further include a first bottom bracket 875b and a second bottom bracket 880b. The first bottom bracket 875b may include a first post 876b and a second post 877b. The second bottom bracket 880b may include a first post 881b and a second post 882b. The bottom frame structure may also include a first frame bracket 892b and a second frame bracket 894b. 
The bottom frame structure 800c, 800d may include a plurality of rectangular openings 890c, 890d in a membrane 886c, 886d. The membrane 886c, 886d may include an opening 889c, 889d. The bottom frame structure 885c, 885d may further include a first spring attachment 816c and a second spring attachment 893c. The first and second spring attachments 816c, 893c may be secured to the bottom frame structure 885c anywhere between a top surface 818c of the bottom frame structure 885c and a bottom surface 819c of the bottom frame structure 885c. In any event, the first and second spring attachments 816c, 893c may include spring hooks 817c, 891c. The bottom frame structure 800c, 800d may also include a first frame bracket 892c, 892d and a second frame bracket 894c, 894d. The membrane 886c, 886d may further include a first connector 887c, 887d and a second connector 888c, 888d. 
The bottom frame structure 800e may include a frame 885e, a first spring attachment 816e having a plurality of spring hooks 817e, a second spring attachment 893e having a plurality of spring hooks 891e, a first frame bracket 892e and a second frame bracket 894e. The frame 885e, the first spring attachment 816e having a plurality of spring hooks 817e, the second spring attachment 893e having a plurality of spring hooks 891e, the first frame bracket 892e and the second frame bracket 894e may be manufactured from a common material, such as metal, cast iron, steel, gas assisted frame, plastic, nylon, vinyl, carbon fiber, composite material, laminates, wood, a combination of any of these, etc. Alternatively, the frame 885e, the first spring attachment 816e having a plurality of spring hooks 817e, the second spring attachment 893e having a plurality of spring hooks 891e, the first frame bracket 892e and the second frame bracket 894e may be manufactured as separate components, each component being manufactured of either metal, cast iron, steel, gas assisted frame, plastic, nylon, vinyl, carbon fiber, composite material, laminates, wood, a combination of any of these, etc. The bottom support structure 800f may include a frame 885f, a first spring attachment having a plurality of spring hooks 817f, a second spring attachment having a plurality of spring hooks 891f, first frame bracket 892f and a second frame bracket 894f. The plurality of spring hooks 817f, 891f may include a plurality of spring bushings 818f, 899f, respectively.
The bottom frame structure 800g may include a frame 885g, a second spring attachment having a plurality of spring hooks 891g and a second frame bracket 894g. The plurality of spring hooks 891g may include a plurality of spring bushings 899g. The frame 885g may have a thickness 886g that may extend from a bottom surface 888g to a top surface 887g. The bottom support structure 800h may include a frame 885h, a second spring attachment having a plurality of spring hooks 891h and a second frame bracket 894h. The bushing 899j may include a spring receptacle 895j. The bushing 899j may be made of a hard rubber, a vinyl, a plastic, or other such material that prevents sound when the corresponding spring 895b moves relative the spring hooks 817b, 891b. 
The bottom frame structure 800k may include a frame 885k and a first spring attachment 893k having a plurality of spring hooks 891k. The bottom support structure 800l may include a frame 885l. The spring 800m may include a plurality of coils 895m. The spring attachment 800n may include a plurality of spring hooks 891n formed in a material 893n. 
Turning to FIGS. 9A and 9B, top and bottom perspective views of a bottom pan 900a, 900b are depicted, respectively. The bottom pan 900a, 900b may be similar to bottom pan 535a of FIG. 5A. The bottom pan 900a, 900b may include a top surface 935a, a first hook 937a, a second hook 938a, a first hole 936a, 936b and a second hole 937a, 937b. The bottom pan 900a may further include a mold plug 942a, a bottom surface 935b and a peripheral lip 944a, 939b that extends inwardly from a side portion 943a, 938b. The peripheral lip 944a, 939b may be angled such that an occupant of a corresponding folding chair (e.g., folding chair 142e of FIG. 1E) is inhibited from breaking the bottom pan 900a, 900b from a corresponding bottom occupant support (e.g., bottom occupant support 230 of FIG. 2). A back pan may be constructed similar to the bottom pan 900a, 900b. 
A frame structure 800a and membrane 886b may be substantially ridged, allowing only limited movement of a support spring 895b relative to the membrane 886b. The frame structure 800a, support spring, and/or the membrane 886b, may facilitate attachment of a lower decorative, outer panel (e.g., bottom pan 900a). A surface of the membrane 886b, that is substantially rigid and may be offset from the top surface of the frame structure 800a. The membrane 886b may be decorative in, and of itself. For example, a gas assisted (or blow) molded plastic frame structure 800a and membrane 886b may be formed as a unitary piece.
The frame structure 800a and membrane 886b may cooperate to provide structural rigidity within a chair 142f. The frame structure 800a and membrane 886b may further cooperate to provide occupant support. Alternatively, the frame structure 800a may provide structural rigidity and a support spring assembly 895b may provide occupant support. In either event, a cushion 600a may be supported by the membrane 886b or a support spring assembly 895b. The membrane 886b may be configured as a center panel, below a top surface of the frame structure 800a, and the center panel may be load bearing. For example, a cushion 600a may be placed on the membrane 886b (or center panel) and may bear the load of a chair occupant. The frame structure 800a, and/or the membrane 886b, may be formed from a combination of materials. The membrane 886b (or center panel) may be an outer decorative panel or may provide a mounting surface for an outer decorative panel (i.e., a back pan 900a or a bottom pan). Thereby, an occupant support may utilize the space below the top of the frame surface for occupant comfort.
The back pan 900a or bottom pan 900a may provide a rigid, durable outer decorative surface on the side opposite the occupant that: may prevent wear to the chair cover and cushion 600a due to patrons moving past an unoccupied seat; may prevent wear to the chair cover and cushion 600a due to the chair 142f contacting adjacent surfaces when the chair 142f is stowed away within a telescopic seating structure; may prevent movement of an outer surface affecting occupant comfort as in the case of a patron in a second chair 142f, behind the occupant's chair 142f, pushing on the rear of the occupant's chair 142f. 
Utilization of the space between the top of the frame structure 800a and the rigid membrane 886b support surface greatly enhances occupant comfort by increasing the amount the spring assembly 895b and/or cushion 600a can deflect and conform to the occupant. When implemented with a resilient member, such as a spring assembly 895b and/or with a compliant member, such as a foam cushion 600a, the resilient member may have a support frame with curved surfaces which prevent undue forces being transferred to an occupant. For example, a frame structure 800a may be contoured and or have a varied profile that conforms to a typical human.
While the figures illustrate a tubular frame structure 800a, the frame structure 800a may be formed from a sheet of material. Alternatively, the frame structure 800a may be formed from multiple sheets of material and joined together after individual formation. As another alternative, the frame structure 800a may be molded with or without co-molded reinforcing members. Yet further, a frame structure 800a and/or membrane 886b may be configured to flex and move along with the resilient support members (i.e., spring assembly 895b and/or cushion 600a). In any event, the frame structure 800a is not limited by materials or construction. While the frame structure 885b may be shown in FIG. 8B to include a generally circular cross-section, it should be understood that the cross-sections of the frame structure 885b may define a rectangular shape, a square shape, a triangular shape, an oval shape, etc.
With reference to FIGS. 10A-10H, various sectional views are depicted of occupant support structures 1000a-1000h. The occupant support structures 1000a-1000h may, for example, be similar to the frame structures 585a and membrane 586a of FIG. 5A. FIG. 10A depicts an occupant support structure 1000a that may include a frame structure 1085a and a membrane 1086a integrally formed from a single piece of material (e.g., metal, steel, cast iron, plastic, a gas assisted molded plastic, injection molded plastic, fiberglass, carbon fiber, composite, etc.). As depicted in FIG. 10A, a cross-section of the frame structure 1085a may generally define a C-shape. The frame structure 1085a may include integrally formed spring hooks 1091a. While the spring hooks 1091a are shown to be formed at a surface define by a top side of the frame structure 1085a, it should be understood that the spring hooks 1091a may be below the surface defined by the top side of the frame structure 1085c toward the membrane 1085a. An outer surface of the membrane 1086a may define a decorative face.
FIG. 10B depicts an occupant support structure 1000b that may include an integrally formed frame structure 1085b, membrane 1086b and spring hooks 1091b, 1017c. As depicted in FIG. 10B, a cross-section of the frame structure 1085b may generally define a U-shape. Similar to the spring attachments 893a, 816a and spring hooks 891a, 817a of FIG. 8A, the spring attachments/spring hooks 1091b, 1017b may support a spring assembly (not shown in FIG. 10B) above the membrane 1086b, such that the spring assembly may extend into toward to membrane 1086b to conform to at least a portion of a profile of an occupant. While the spring attachments/spring hooks 1091b, 1017b are shown to extend to a surface define by a top side of the frame structure 1085b, it should be understood that the spring attachments/spring hooks 1091b, 1017b may be below the surface defined by the top side of the frame structure 1085b toward the membrane 1086b. An outer surface of the membrane 1086b may define a decorative face.
FIGS. 10C and 10D depict occupant support structures 1000c, 1000d that may include a frame structure 1085c, 1085d and membrane 1086c, 1086d, respectively, formed from multiple pieces of material. The frame structure 1085c, 1085c material may be, for example, metal, wood, steel, cast iron, plastic, gas assisted molded plastic, injection molded plastic, fiberglass, carbon fiber, composite, etc. When the frame structure 1085c, 1085d is formed from a gas assisted molded plastic, the pocket 1085c1, 1085d1 may be filled with a material, such as foam, plastic, metal, wood, fiberglass, carbon fiber, composite, etc. The membrane 1086c, 1086d may be, for example, metal, wood, steel, cast iron, plastic, gas assisted molded plastic, injection molded plastic, fiberglass, carbon fiber, composite, etc. An outer surface of the membrane 1086c may define a decorative face. While the frame structures 1085c, 1085d may be shown in FIGS. 10C and 10D, respectively, to include a generally circular cross-section, it should be understood that the cross-sections of the frame structures 1085c, 1085d may define a rectangular shape, a square shape, a triangular shape, an oval shape, etc.
FIG. 10E depicts an occupant support structure 1000e that may include an integrally formed frame structure 1085e and membrane 1086e. The frame structure 1085e may include a first finger portion 1085e1, a second finger portion 1085e2 and a third finger portion 1085e3, the number of fingers and their shape not being limited by this example, that may be configured to impart structural strength and rigidity to the frame structure 1085e. The occupant support structure 1000e may be formed from, for example, metal, wood, steel, cast iron, plastic, gas assisted molded plastic, injection molded plastic, fiberglass, carbon fiber, composite, etc. An outer surface of the membrane 1086e may define a decorative face.
FIG. 10F depicts an occupant support structure 1000f that may include an integral frame structure 1085f and membrane 1086f formed from a gas assisted molded plastic, for example. The frame structure 1085f may, thereby, include a pocket 1085f1. The pocket 1085f1 may be filled with a material, such as, for example, metal, wood, steel, cast iron, plastic, fiberglass, carbon fiber, composite, etc. As shown in FIG. 10F, the membrane 1086f may extend from the frame structure 1085f midway between an upper surface of the frame structure 1085f and a lower surface of the frame structure 1085f. The occupant support structure 1000f may further include a pan 1035f that may be attached to the occupant support structure 1000f with, for example, snaps, fasteners, interference fit to the frame structure 1085f, etc. The an outer surface of the pan 1035f may define a decorative face. While the frame structure 1085f may be shown in FIG. 10F to include a generally circular cross-section, it should be understood that the cross-sections of the frame structure 1085f may define a rectangular shape, a square shape, a triangular shape, an oval shape, etc.
FIG. 10G depicts an occupant support structure 1000g that may include an integrally formed frame structure 1085g and membrane 1086g. The frame structure 1085g may include a first finger portion 1085g1 and a second finger portion 1085g2 that may be configured to impart structural strength and rigidity to the frame structure 1085g. The occupant support structure 1000g may be formed from, for example, metal, wood, steel, cast iron, plastic, gas assisted molded plastic, injection molded plastic, fiberglass, carbon fiber, composite, etc. The occupant support structure 1000g may further include a structural member 1085g3, fit between the first finger portion 1085g1 and a second finger portion 1085g2 that may be configured to impart further strength and rigidity to the frame structure 1085g. The structural member 1085g3 may be formed from, for example, metal, wood, steel, cast iron, plastic, gas assisted molded plastic, injection molded plastic, fiberglass, carbon fiber, composite, etc. The structural member 1085g3 may be co-molded with the occupant support structure 1000g. Alternatively, the structural member 1085g3 may be friction fit between the first finger portion 1085g1 and the second finger portion 1085g2 or fastened to the first finger portion 1085g1 and/or the second finger portion 1085g2. An outer surface of the membrane 1086g may define a decorative face. The number of fingers and their shape and the number of structural members is not limited by this example.
FIG. 10H depicts an occupant support structure 1000h that may include an integral frame structure 1085h and membrane 1086h formed from a gas assisted molded plastic, injection molded plastic, for example. The frame structure 1085h may, thereby, include a pocket 1085h1. The pocket 1085h1 may be filled with a material, such as, for example, metal, wood, steel, cast iron, plastic, gas assisted molded plastic, injection molded plastic, fiberglass, carbon fiber, composite, etc. As shown in FIG. 10H, the membrane 1086h may extend from the frame structure 1085h near a lower surface of the frame structure 1085h. An outer surface of the membrane 1086h may define a decorative face. While the frame structure 1085h may be shown in FIG. 10H to include a generally circular cross-section, it should be understood that the cross-sections of the frame structure 1085h may define a rectangular shape, a square shape, a triangular shape, an oval shape, etc.
Turning to FIGS. 11A-11C, various components of a foldable chair 110a related to a close position limiter 1000a, 1000b, 1000c are depicted. FIG. 11A depicts a close position limiter 1100a that may include a seat hinge 1105a and a back wing 1110a in a closed relationship with respect to one another. As can be seen in FIG. 11A, the set hinge 1105a and the back wing 1110a abut one another along an intersecting edge 1107a. The close position limiter may further include a standard 1145a and an armrest link 1160a having a close position stop 1161a. As can be seen in FIG. 11A, the close position stop 1161a may intersect with the standard 1145a at the intersection 1146a. The intersecting edge 1107a and/or the intersection 1146a may function as a close position limiter 1100a. The armrest link 1160a may be pivotally connected to the arm rest via a first pivot connection 1147a. The armrest link 1160a may be pivotally connected to the back wing 1110a via a second pivot connection 1148a. The close position limiter 1100a may further include a bottom bracket 1175a having a first post 1176a and a second post 1177a. The second post 1177a may be inserted within a standard socket 1149a to pivotally secure the bottom bracket 1175a to the standard 1145a. The bottom bracket 1175a may be pivotally secured to the back wing 1110a via a third pivot connection 1146a. The first post 1176a and or the third pivot connection 1146a may be configured to cooperate with the standard 1145a to limit chair movement.
FIG. 11B depicts a close position limiter 1100b including an armrest link 1160b pivotally connected to the arm rest via a first pivot connection 1147b. The armrest link 1160b may be pivotally connected to the back wing 1110b via a second pivot connection 1148b. The armrest link 1160b may include a close position stop 1161b. The position of the close position stop 1116b is not limited to a tab formed, attached or otherwise constructed to the internal portion of the back wing 1110b. The close position stop 1161b may be incorporated into other portions of the armrest link 1160b or standard 1145b in a fashion to limit chair movement. The close position limiter 1100b may further include a standard 1145b. The close position limiter 1100b may further include a seat hinge 1105b and a back wing 1110b in a closed relationship with respect to one another. As can be seen in FIG. 11B, the set hinge 1105b and the back wing 1110b abut one another along an intersecting edge 1107b. The intersecting edge 1107b may function as a close position limiter 1100b. 
FIG. 1100c depicts a close position limiter 1100c including a seat hinge 1105c and a back wing 1110c in a closed relationship with respect to one another. As can be seen in FIG. 11C, the set hinge 1105c and the back wing 1110c abut one another along an intersecting edge 1107c. The intersecting edge 1107c may function as a close position limiter 1100c. 
This detailed description is to be construed as exemplary only and does not describe every possible embodiment, as describing every possible embodiment would be impractical, if not impossible. One could implement numerous alternate embodiments, using either current technology or technology developed after the filing date of this application.

## Claims

1. A telescopic seating system, comprising:
a plurality of foldable chairs, each foldable chair comprises a structural frame having a first surface defined by a first side of the structural frame, a second surface defined by a second side of the structural frame, a first post and a second post, wherein the first and second post are for pivotally securing the structural frame to a standard;
each foldable chair comprises an occupant support having a membrane attached to the second surface of the structural frame;
each foldable chair comprises a pan attached to the membrane, wherein a surface of the pan defines an outer decorative surface of the foldable chair; and
each foldable chair comprises a cushion supported by the membrane, wherein the cushion substantially fills a space defined as being between the first surface and the second surface of the structural frame.

2. The telescopic seating system of claim 1, wherein a surface of the membrane of each foldable chair defines a decorative outer surface of the respective foldable chair.

3. The telescopic seating system of claim 2, where the occupant support of each foldable chair defines a seat portion of the respective foldable chair and each foldable chair further comprises a second occupant support defining a back portion of the respective foldable chair, wherein a surface of each second occupant support defines a second decorative outer surface of the respective foldable chair.

4. The telescopic seating system of claim 3, wherein the first decorative outer surface and the second outer surface of each foldable chair defines a guide portion that encourages the respective foldable chair to fold up when the guide portion contacts a portion of a telescopic structure.

5. The telescopic seating system of claim 1, wherein each foldable chair further comprises a pan attached to the respective membrane, wherein a surface of each pan defines an outer decorative surface of the respective foldable chair.

6. The telescopic seating system of claim 5, where the occupant support of each foldable chair defines a seat portion of the respective foldable chair and each foldable chair further comprises a second occupant support defining a back portion of the respective foldable chair, wherein a surface of each second occupant support defines a second decorative outer surface of the respective foldable chair.

7. The telescopic seating system of claim 3, wherein the first decorative outer surface and, or the second outer surface of each foldable chair defines a guide portion that encourages the second outer surface of the respective foldable chair to pivot relative the first outer surface of the respective foldable chair when the guide portion contacts a portion of a telescopic structure.

8. A foldable chair, comprising:
a structural frame having a first surface defined by a first side of the structural frame, a second surface defined by a second side of the structural frame, a first post and a second post, wherein the first and second post are for pivotally securing the structural frame to a standard;
an occupant support having a membrane attached to the second surface of the structural frame;
a pan attached to the membrane, wherein a surface of the pan defines an outer decorative surface of the foldable chair; and
a cushion supported by the membrane, wherein the cushion substantially fills a space defined as being between the first surface and the second surface of the structural frame.

9. The foldable chair of claim 8, wherein a top surface of the cushion is contoured to conform to at least a portion of a profile of an occupant.

10. The foldable chair of claim 8, further comprising a first plate between the first post and the structural frame and a second plate between the second post and the structural frame.

11. The foldable chair of claim 8, wherein the occupant support is configured as a seat portion of the foldable chair and the foldable chair further comprises a back portion of the foldable chair.

12. The foldable chair of claim 8, further comprising a second occupant support, wherein the second occupant support comprises a second structural frame, the second occupant support further comprises support springs attached to the second structural frame, the second occupant support further comprises a second membrane, wherein the second membrane is configured to limit the movement of the support springs.

13. The foldable chair of claim 12, wherein the occupant support is configured as a seat portion of the foldable chair and the second occupant support is configured as a back portion of the foldable chair.

14. The foldable chair of claim 12 wherein the second structural frame comprises a spring attachment which extends beyond the support springs in a manner which strengthens the second structural frame.

15. The foldable chair of claim 8 further comprising a plurality of spacer plates configured to vary a width and/or height of the occupant support, wherein the spacer plates allow seat width to be adjusted after upholstery of the seat structure.

16. The foldable chair of claim 15, wherein the spacer plates are attached with bolts shared with respective hinge pivot plates.

17. The foldable chair of claim 15, wherein the cushion comprises pockets that, at least partially, conceal the spacer plates and or hinge support plates.

18. The foldable chair of claim 8, further comprising a back bracket that cooperates with a hinge support plate, a hinge plate, or a spacer to limit chair movement.

19. The foldable chair of claim 8, further comprising a standard and a back bracket, wherein the standard and the back bracket cooperate to limit chair movement.

20. The foldable chair of claim 8, wherein the membrane comprises at least one of: features that retain an outer decorative panel; features that limit noise; features that accommodate differing thicknesses of the adjacent panels; and features to secure upholstering covers.

21. The foldable chair of claim 12, wherein one of the occupant support and the second occupant support is configured as a back of the foldable chair and the other is configured as a seat of the foldable chair.