# PR

AGENDA U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND RENEWABLE ENERGY PUBLIC WORKSHOP ON THE REVISED LIFE CYCLE COST AND ENGINEERING ANALYSIS OF FLUORESCENT LAMP BALLASTS
PLACE OF WORKSHOP:

DATE AND TIME: FORRESTAL BUILDING, ROOM IE-245 1000 INDEPENDENCE AVENUE, SW WASHINGTON, DC 20585 TELEPHONE: 202/586-7574 TELEFAX: 202/586-4617 TUESDAY, MARCH 18, 1997 9:30 A.M. - 4:30 P.M. 1. PURPOSE OF THE WORKSHOP (9:30am - 9:40am) The purpose of this public workshop is to hear the views of interested persons and gather information concerning the revised life cycle cost analysis, engineering analysis, and interview summaries for fluorescent lamp ballasts. The Department of Energy (DOE or Department) will consider the views presented and comments submitted to guide its approach in the development of possible energy efficiency standards for fluorescent lamp ballasts.
H. WELCOMING REMARKS AND INTRODUCTIONS (9:40am - 9:50am)
III. STATUS UPDATE (9:50am - 10:00am) The Department will present a status report on the energy efficiency standards program for fluorescent lamp ballasts, and review the objectives of today's workshop.
IV. TOPICS AND STRUCTURE OF WORKSHOP The Department will introduce each topic, and present any necessary background information. Participants will be invited to comment on issues pertinent to that topic. 

### AGENDA 

# u.s. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY· OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND RENEWABLE ENERGY PUBLIC WORKSHOP ON THE REVISED LIFE CYCLE COST AND ENGINEERING ANALYSIS OFFLUORESCENT LAMP BALLASTS
PLACE OF WORKSHOP: FORRESTAL BUILDING, ROOM IE-245 1000 INDEPENDENCE AVENUE, SW WASHINGTON, DC 20585

DATE AND TIME:

I. 

### PURPOSE OFTHE WORKSHOP TELEPHONE: 202/586-7574 TELEFAX: 202/586-4617 TUESDAY, MARCH 18,1997 9:30 A.M.

- 4:30 P.M.(9:30am

- 9:40am) The purpose ofthis public workshop is to hear the views ofinterested persons and gather information concerning the revised life cycle cost analysis, engineering analysis, and interview summaries for fluorescent lamp ballasts. The Department ofEnergy (DOE orDepartment) will considerthe views presented and comments submittedto guide its approach inthe development ofpossible energy efficiency standards for fluorescent lamp ballasts.


### II. WELCOMING REMARKS AND INTRODUCTIONS (9:40am

- 9:50am)


### Ill. STATUS UPDATE (9:50am

- 10:00am) The Department will present a status report on the energy efficiency standards program for fluorescent lamp ballasts, and review the objectives oftoday's workshop.


### IV. TOPICS AND STRUCTURE OF WORKSHOP The Department will introduce each topic, and present any necessary background information. Participants will be invited to comment on issues pertinent to that topic.



### 1A. Life Cycle Cost Analysis 

### (10:00am - 11:00 )

After consideration of the comments from the June 20, 1996, fluorescent lamp ballast workshop and subsequent interviews with manufacturers, the Department has revised its February 1996 life cycle cost (LCC) analysis and engineering analysis. Descriptions of such revisions, and the rationale for each, are presented below.

1. Ballast Life The proposed ballast life, for both magnetic and electronic ballasts, has been changed from 33,000 hours to 45,000 hours. During the June 1996 ballast workshop, there was an indication that the proposed ballast life of 33,000 hours was too low. At that time and during subsequent interviews, manufacturers asserted that a longer ballast life be used. The Illuminating Engineering Society (IES) Lighting Handbook, 8th edition, lists 45,000 hours as the average life for magnetic ballasts. DOE is not aware of any test data or documentation on electronic ballast lifetimes. As a result, DOE proposes to adopt 45,000 hours as the average life both for magnetic and electronic ballasts. DOE also performed sensitivity analyses on ballast life ranging from a low of 33,000 hours to a high of 60,000 hours.

Lamp Life Comments have asserted that use of a cathode cutout ballast could reduce fluorescent lamp life by 15 percent. DOE has used this reduction in lamp life for both T12 and T8 lamps for the revised analysis.

Ballast End-User Price In the February 1996 LCC analysis, the Department used aggregated 1993 ballast price data from a survey performed by the Lighting Research Institute(LRI). DOE would have used data from a comparative analysis of quantity and value of shipments from the U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Current Industrial Reports MQ36C for fluorescent lamp ballasts. However, during subsequent interviews, fluorescent lamp ballast manufacturers asserted that DOE use the 1993 LRI ballast price data because the Bureau of the Census data reflected only the manufacturers' average net selling prices, not the end-user price. Consequently, the revised LCC analysis performed by DOE has been based on the 1993 LRI price data, and includes a sensitivity analysis that takes into account the price adjustments from 1993 to 1996 implied by the data from the Bureau of the Census.

DOE commissioned another ballast price survey by Gough and Associates (the same principals who conducted the 1993 price survey) for 1996 ballast prices. The results of this 

### 2 

## A. Life Cycle Cost Analysis (lO:OOam

- 11 :OOam) After consideration ofthe comments from the June 20, 1996, fluorescent lamp ballast workshop and subsequent interviews with manufacturers, the Department has revised its February 1996 life cycle cost (LCC) analysis and engineering analysis. Descriptions ofsuchrevisions, aJ;l.d the rationale for each, are presented below.


### 1. Ballast Life The proposed ballast life, for both magnetic and electronic ballasts, has been changed from 33,000 hours to 45,000 hours. During the June 1996 ballastworkshop, there was an indicationthat the proposedballast life of33,000 hours was too low. Atthattime and during subsequent interviews, manufacturers assertedthat a longer ballast life be used. The Illuminating Engineering Society (IES) Lighting Handbook, 8th edition, lists 45,000 hours as the average life for magnetic ballasts. DOE is not aware ofany test data or documentation on electronic ballast lifetimes. As a result, DOE proposes to adopt 45,000 hours as the average life both for magnetic and ele'ctronic ballasts. DOE also performed sensitivity analyses on ballast life ranging from a low of33,000 hours to a high of60,000 hours.


### 2. Lamp Life Comments have asserted that use ofa cathode cutout ballast couldreduce fluorescent lamp life by 15 percent. DOE has used this reduction inlamp life for both Ti2 and T8 lamps for the revised analysis.


### 3. Ballast End-User**Pri~e** In the February 1996 LCC analysis, the Department used aggregated 1993 ballast price data from a survey performed by the Lighting Research Institute (LRI). DOE wouldhave used data from a comparative analysis ofquantity and value ofshipments from the U.S. Department ofCommerce, Bureau ofthe Census, Current Industrial Reports MQ36C for fluorescent lamp ballasts. However, during subsequent interviews, fluorescent lamp ballast manufacturers asserted that DOE use the 1993 LRI ballast price data because the Bureauofthe Census datareflected only the manufacturers' ayerage net selling prices, notthe end-userprice. Consequently, the revised LCC analysis performed by DOE has beenbased onthe 1993 LRIprice data, and includes a sensitivity analysis thattakes into account the price adjustments from 1993 to 1996 impliedbythe data from the Bureau ofthe Census. DOE commissioned another ballast price survey by Gough and Associates (the same principals who conductedthe 1993 price survey) for 1996 ballast prices. The results ofthis 

### 2survey indicate that the relative magnetic and electronic ballast price differences are similar to

those in one of the sensitivity analyses (see S I below). Results of this 1996 ballast price survey will be presented for discussion.
B. Sensitivi a Analysis (11:00am - 12:00pm) Sensitivity analyses were performed on four different parameters: 1) ballast price; 2) lamp operating hours; 3) ballast life; and 4) electricity price. A low and high sensitivity analysis was performed on each parameter.

1. Ballast Price The assumed ballast prices for the average case were those used in the LCC analysis. The assumed ballast prices used in the sensitivity analyses were: Ballast System S1 1, 2 lamp F40T12 and F40T12/ES EEM and CC +6% -5% 1, 2, 3, 4 lamp F32T8 EEM and CC 

### +6% -5% 2 lamp F96T12, F96T12/ES, F96T12HO & F96T12HO/ES 

### +3% -5%

EEM and CC All ERS and EIS 

### -15% +5 % where + and - % is relative to the average retail price listed in Tables 4.1 through 4.15 in the LCC analysis. Si = price difference between magnetic and electronic ballasts decreases S2 = price difference between magnetic and electronic ballasts increase

2. Lamp Operating Hours Assumed average lamp operating hours are 3600 hours per year for the commercial sector, and 5000 hours per year for the industrial sector. (Note that these annual lighting hours have been revised from those in the 1996 draft report, and now correspond better to those used in the COMMEND analysis and the uncertainty analysis. They are taken from the Xenergy audit database and are now weighted by building type using floor space from CBECS 1992.) Low and high sensitivity analyses for commercial and industrial sectors were 2500 hours per year and 8000 hours per year.



### 3 survey indicate that the relative magnetic and electronic ballast price differences are similarto those 

### in one ofthe sensitivity analyses (see Sl below). Results ofthis 1996 ballastprice survey will be presented for discussion. 

### Sensitivity Analysis (l1:00am

- 12:00pm) Sensitivity analyses were performed on four different parameters: 1) ballastprice; 2) lamp operating hours; 3) ballastlife; and 4) electricity price. A low andhigh sensitivity analysis was performed on each parameter. 

### 1. Ballast Price The assumed ballast prices for the average case were those used in the LCC analysis. The assumed ballast prices used in the sensitivity analyses were: Ballast System 1, 2 lamp F40T 12 and F40T 12/ES EEM and CC I, 2, 3, 4 lamp F32T8 EEM and CC 2 lamp F96T12, F96T12/ES, F96T12HO & F96Tl2HO/ES EEM and CC All ERS and EIS 

### Sl +6% +6% +3% ,-15% 

### 52 -5% -5% -5% +5% where + and - % is relative to the average retail price listed in Tables 4.1 through 4.15 inthe LCC analysis. S 1

# = price difference between magnetic and electronic ballasts decreases S2 

## =price difference between magnetic and electronic ballasts increase


### 2. Lamp Operating Hours Assumed average lamp operating hours are 3600 hours peryear for the commercial sector, and 5000 hours per year for the industrial sector. (Notethat these annual lighting hours have been revised from those in the 1996 draft report, and now correspondbetter to those used 

### in the COMMEND analysis and the uncertainty analysis. They are taken from the Xenergy audit database and are now weighted by building type using floor space from CBECS 1992.) Low and high sensitivity analyses for commercial and industrial sectors were 2500 hours peryear and 8000 hours per year.

3Ballast Life Assumed average ballast life of 45,000 hours was used both for magnetic and electronic ballasts. Low and high sensitivity analyses, for both magnetic and electronic ballasts, were performed at 33,000 hours per year and 60,000 hours per year.

Electricity Price The assumed electricity prices used for the sensitivity analysis are shown below, in $/kWh. The average prices were updated to the 1997 Annual Energy Outlook prices for the year 2001, in $1995. Low Average ugh 

### Commercial 0.055 0.075 0.105 Industrial 0.03 0.048 0.065 5. Payback Analysis The Department understands that the simple payback analysis method for fluorescent lamp ballasts does not work for cathode cutout or electronic instant start ballasts because they shorten lamp life, causing different timing of lamp replacement costs during the lifetime of the ballast. Other payback analysis methods are being considered and will be presented. Uncertain Analysis and Life Cycle Cost Anal semis (1:00pm - 2:15pm) The uncertainty analysis will focus on the annual operating hours (hours/year), electricity price ($/kWh), ballast lifetime (hours), and ballast consumer price ($). The analysis will be interactive to allow real time changes.

Stakeholder Interviews (2:15pm - 3:15pm) The Department of Energy conducted one-on-one interviews with stakeholders, and, as a result, gathered quantitative and qualitative information. Presently, the Department is interested in receiving comments on how to incorporate the qualitative information in its development of energy efficiency standards for fluorescent lamp ballasts. The Department also requests comments on how to improve the one-on-one interview process. 

### 3. Ballast Life Assumed average ballast life of45,000 hours was used both for magnetic and electronic ballasts. Low and high sensitivity analyses, for bothmagnetic and electronic ballasts, were performed at 33,000 hours peryear and 60,000 hours peryear. 

### 4. Electricity Price The assumed electricity prices used for the sensitivity analysis are shown below, in $/kWh. The average prices were updated to the 1997 Annual Energy Outlook prices for the year 1001, in $1995.
Commercial Industrial 0.055 0.03


### 5. Payback Analysis Average 0.075 0.048 0.105 0.065

The Department understands that the simple payback analysis method for fluorescent lamp ballasts does not work for cathode cutout orelectronic instant start ballasts because they shorten lamp life, causing different timing oflamp replacement costs during the lifetime ofthe ballast. Otherpayback analysis methods are being considered and will be presented. 

### C. Uncertainty Analysis and Life Cycle Cost Analysis (1 :OOpm

- 2: 15pm) The**un~ertainty** analysis will focus on the annual operating hours (hoUrs/year), electricity price ($/kWh), ballast lifetime (hours), andballast consumerprice ($). The analysis will be interactive to allow real time changes. 

### D. Stakeholder Interviews (2: 15pm

- 3: 15pm) TheDepartment ofEnergy conducted one-on-one interviews with stakeholders, and; as a -result, gathered quantitative and qualitative information. Presently, the Department is interested in receiving comments onhow to incorporate the qualitative information in its developmentof energy efficiency standards for fluorescent lamp ballasts. TheDepartment also requests comments on how to improve the one-on-one interview process. 

### 4The Department invites comments on the following issues that were discussed during the

interviews. 1. Electronic Ballasts May Cause Interference with Building Electronic

Systems The Department is concerned that electronic ballasts could, in certain applications, cause interference with other building electronic systems
. DOE is interested in receiving data on that portion of the U.S. building stock that is affected by such interference. How does this interference affect the market?

2. Conversion Rates The Department is interested in receiving data on the percent of existing magnetic ballasts that are being converted to electronic ballasts.

3. . Incorporating Voluntary Programs The objectives of research on voluntary programs are: 1) to estimate future impacts of various voluntary programs on electronic ballast sales, and 2) to compare projections of electronic ballast shipments from LBNL's COMMEND model with other projections.

LBNL has prepared estimates of electronic ballast sales as a result of the Environmental Protection Agency and Federal Energy Management Programs. They will also present projections from the Energy Information Administration's Annual Energy Outlook 1997, and the Environmental Projection Agency (EPA)'s Climate Change Action Plan.

The current analysis assumes that utility demand side management programs will diminish after 1995. DOE seeks information on how voluntary energy management programs could impact the fluorescent lamp ballast market.

4. Future Ballast Sales To adequately project potential energy savings for various energy efficiency levels of fluorescent lamp ballasts, the Department is interested in receiving information and data on what the fluorescent lamp ballast market will look like in the future. In particular, the Department is interested in receiving information and data on if and when unit sales of electronic fluorescent lamp ballasts will surpass the unit sales of magnetic ballasts.

5 The Department invites comments onthe following issues that were discussed during the interviews.


### 1. Electronic Ballasts May Cause Interference with Building Electronic Systems The Department is concernedthat electronic ballasts could, in certain applications, cause interference with otherbuilding electronic systems. DOE is interested in receiving data on that portion ofthe U.S. building stock that is affected by such interference. How does this interference affect the market?


### 2. Conversion Rates The Department is interested inreceiving data on the percent ofexisting magnetic ballasts that are being converted to electronic ballasts.


### 3. Incorporating Voluntary Programs The objectives ofresearch on voluntary programs are: I) to estimate future impacts ofvarious voluntary programs on electronic ballast sales, and 2) to compare projections ofelectronic ballast shipments from LBNL's COMMEND model with other projections. LBNL has prepared estimates ofelectronic ballast sales as a result ofthe Environmental Protection Agency and Federal Energy Management Programs. They will also present projections from the Energy Information Administration's Annual Energy Outlook 1997, and the Environmental Projection Agency (EPA),s Climate Change Action Plan. The current analysis assumes that utility demand side management programs will diminish after 1995. DOE seeks information on how voluntary energy managementprograms could impact the fluorescent lamp ballast market.


### 4. Future Ballast Sales To adequately project potential energy savings for various energy efficiency levels offluorescent lamp ballasts, the Department is interested in receiving information and data on what the fluorescent lamp ballast market will look like in the future. In particular, the Department is interested 

### in receiving information and data onifand when unit sales ofelectronic fluorescent lamp ballasts will surpass the unit sales ofmagnetic ballasts.

5E. National Energy Impacts and the-Commend Forecasting Model (3:15pm - 4:15pm) The Department is using the Electric Power Research Institute's COMMEND forecasting model to estimate future energy consumption of fluorescent lamp ballasts and ballast shipments on a national scale . COMMEND analyzes the commercial market by building types, end uses, and fuels to forecast the energy and economic impacts of energy efficient ballasts and the economic transition of energy efficiency levels into that building stock
. The Department is interested in receiving comments and data concerning the accuracy and workability of the Commend Forecasting Model, or any other forecasting model, with respect to energy efficient fluorescent lamp ballasts.
V. NEXT STEPS 

### (4:15pm - 4:25pm)
VI. EVALUATION OF WORKSHOP (4:25pm - 4:30pm)


### VII. ADJOURNMENT (4:30pm)



### 6 

### E. National Energy Impacts and the Commend ForecastingModel (3:15pm

- 4:15pm) TheDepartment is using the Electric PowerResearch Institute's COMMEND forecasting model to estimate future energy consumption offluorescent lamp ballasts andballast shipments on a national scale. COMMEND analyzes the commercialmarket by building types, enduses, and fuels to forecast the energy and economic impacts ofenergy efficient ballasts andthe economic transition ofenergy efficiency levels into thatbuilding stock. The Departmentis interested in receiving comments and data concerning the accuracy and workability ofthe Commend Forecasting Model, or any other forecasting model, with respect to energy efficient fluorescent lamp ballasts.
. 

### V. NEXT STEPS (4:15pm

- 4:25pm)


### VI. EVALUATION OF WORKSHOP' (4:25pm

- 4:30pm)


### VII. ADJOURNMENT (4:30pm)

6