FRoM THE EFMS CHIEF'S CORNER

Well, the dam broke loose! Since the last edition of this
newsletter, we have been able to meet several hefty
milestones. Among these are:

— the publication and release of the 628-page AP-42
Supplement F (containing 1715 new or revised emission
factors for 51 source categories),

— production of 10 Locating And Estimating documents

— completion and distribution of Version 2.0 of the
TANKS emission estimation program,

- completion and distribution of the new Factor
Information And Retrieval system, FIRE, for both criteria
(5712 factors) and rated toxic pollutant emissions (3903
factors), and

— completion and distribution of Version 3.0 of our Air
CHIEF CD-ROM, containing Supplement F, FIRE and
other new material.

The amount of support we give our “customers” via our
help line, Info CHIEF, has continued to grow (we will even
be expanding this assistance soon). Also, use of the new Fax
CHIEF facility has been increasing at logarithmic rates. We
have 30 to 40 more sections of AP-42 in the latter stages of
review, and their first appearance in final form, as usual, will
be on the CHIEF bulletin board and Fax CHIEF. It still
takes eight weeks or more to get paper copies printed.

In processing all this information, it's impossible to avoid

the occasional error. If you run across a factor or other piece
of information which appears to be in error, please call the
Info CHIEF help line about it, (919) 541-5285, and we will
try to chase it down and verify or correct the information. We
will put notification of errors on the CHIEF bulletin board,
will make corrections in that part of the CHIEF bulletin board
and in the Fax CHIEF, and will include corrected pages in the
next volume in the AP-42 series. Fax CHIEF and the
bulletin board files will always reflect the latest information,
so if you need to verify that your copy of something is the
latest, dial up Fax CHIEF (919 541-0548 or 5626) on your
fax machine and check the date on the index or fax yourself a
copy of the section in question. Please use this automatic
service, if it has the information you need.

Now we are on to see what the new year (fiscal) bringeth!
EIB is now dealing with a further 55% whack in our budget,
with severe effects, to put it mildly. We will continue to
meet your needs the very best we can with the resources we
have. Please provide us feedback as you see ways we can
improve. We still want to get some Newsletter articles from
you, on things you've done that may be helpful to us or to
others in the emission inventory community, so don't forget
that. If you are a state or local agency with a newsletter, we
would like to receive your issues, too.

Until next time, keep up the good work!

Jim Southerland
Chief, Emission Factor & Methodologies Section

STATUS OF THE
INTERIM TOXIC EMISSION INVENTORY

During 1991, it became apparent that a national toxic
emission inventory was needed in order to conduct regional
transport and deposition modeling in support of the 1990
Clean Air Act Amendments. To address this need, existing
toxic emission data were examined, including those of the
Toxic Release Inventory (TRI). No existing emission data
bases contained information suitable for regional air quality
modeling. Consequently, it was necessary to compile, from
existing information, an estimated county-level national
interim toxic annual emission inventory. The initial
compilation effort focused on 26 compounds of interest in
the Great Lakes area. Because of limited emission factors
and activity data on toxic emissions, the emission estimates
were based principally on speciation of the base year 1985
total suspended particulate (TSP) and volatile organic
compound (VOC) inventories gathered for the National Acid
Precipitation Assessment Program (NAPAP). The results
were generally two or more orders of magnitude larger than
existing toxic emission estimates, depending upon the
pollutant. This was because of, variously, 1) use of old data
in NAPAP, in some cases dating to the 1970s, and 2)

uniform application of speciation profiles of varying quality
to sources with variable characteristics.

That interim toxic emission inventory is now being
expanded and improved, by using updated base inventories
and by placing first priority upon chemical and source-type-
specific emission factors, when possible, and second priority
on the use of updated speciation profiles. The updated
interim annual toxic emission inventory bases VOC-related
toxic emissions on EPA's 1990 interim national emission
inventory. (This inventory does not address particulate
matter, so the updated toxic emission inventory uses the
1985 NAPAP inventory for particulate-related toxic
emissions). The 1990 interim inventory will be improved as
1990 emission data from the states are collected under the
State Implementation Program for ozone precursor
pollutants. Information is generally insufficient at this time
to perform temporal allocation of the estimated emissions to
seasonal, daily, or hourly values. Sixty compounds,
including the 26 mentioned above, were selected for the
updated toxic emission inventory, based on toxic-emission
program needs and toxicity of the compounds. The most


PUBLICATIONS FROM:

EMISSIONS AND MODELING BRANCH
AIR AND ENERGY ENGINEERING RESEARCH LABORATORY (MD 62)
U. S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH TRIANGLE PARK, NORTH CAROLINA 27711

Larry Jones, Chief
(919) 541-7716
(919) 541-7891 (fax)

Jeff Chappell 541-3738 Chris Geron 541-4639
Bruce Harris 541-7807 Julian Jones 541-2489
Sue Kimbrough 541-2612 Chuck Mann 541-4593
Chuck Masser 541-7586 Ted Ripberger 541-2924
REPORTS

Reports with NTIS numbers are available, for a fee, from the National Technical Information Service, 5285 Port Royal
Road, Springfield, VA 22161. Telephone (800) 553-6847.

Walid Ramadan, et al., Methodologies For Estimating Air Emissions From Three Non-traditional Source Categories: Oil
Spills, Petroleum Vessel Loading And Unloading, And Cooling Towers, EPA-600/R-93-063, April 1993. (NTIS No. PB93-
181592) (Sue Kimbrough)

Teresa M. Lynch, et al., Economic Growth Analysis System: Reference Manual, EPA-600/R-93-067a, April 1993. (Sue
Kimbrough)

Randy Randolph, Economic Growth Analysis System: User's Guide, EPA-600/R-93-067b, April 1993. (Sue Kimbrough)
Stanley Sleva, et al., Identification And Characterization Of Five Non-traditional Source Categories: Catastrophic/Accidental
Releases, Vehicle Repair Facilities, Recycling, Pesticide Application, And Agricultural Operations, EPA-600/R-93-045,
March 1993. (NTIS No. PB93-166973) (Sue Kimbrough)

John S. Kinsey, Characterization Of PM-10 Emissions From Antiskid Materials Applied To Ice- And Snow-covered
Roadways, EPA-600/R-93-019, January 1993. (NTIS No. PB93-150209) (Chuck Masser)

Susan Stamey-Hall, Evaluation Of Nitrogen Oxide Emissions Data From TVA Coal-fired Boilers, EPA-600/R-92-242,
December 1992, (NTIS No. PB93-138865) (Julian Jones)

Dan Bowman, et al., Revised Emissions Estimation Methodologies For Industrial, Residential, And Electric Utility
Stationary Combustion Sources, EPA-600/R-92-239, December 1992. (NTIS No. PB93-135663) (Sue Kimbrough)

David Winkler, et al., Review And Evaluation Of Current Methods And User Needs For Other Stationary Combustion
Sources, EPA-600/R-92-224, November 1992. (NTIS No. PB93-127801) (Sue Kimbrough)

Dan Bowman, et al., Combustion Area Sources: Data Sources, EPA-600/R-92-197, October 1992. (NTIS No. PB93-
106623) (Sue Kimbrough)

C. E. Burklin, et al., Oil And Gas Field Emissions Survey, EPA-600/R-92-083, May 1992. (NTIS No. PB92-184977)
(Chuck Masser)

L. G. Modica and J. R. McCutcheon, Development Of Seasonal And Annual Biogenic Emissions Inventories For The U. S.
And Canada, EPA-600/7-91-006, November 1991. (NTIS No. PB92-126796) (Chris Geron)

10


BB News (cont.):

TANKS -— Troubleshooting documentation on TANKS
has been added to the BB under the “Emission Estimation
Software" section. Some errors in the previous version have
been corrected in the new Version 2.0, now available. Some
frequently asked questions-and suggestions for using the
TANKS program are presented.

Factor And Inventory Documents - A new
protocol document for equipment leak emission estimation is
now on the BB in the "Emission Factor Guidance" section.

Be sure to look for the memorandum to EPA Regions
from Robert Kellam, Acting Director of the Technical
Support Division, encouraging the use of AJRS to store
toxics inventories, on the BB under "Important Memos”.
Please note the A/RS capabilities for storing these data, but
be aware too of EPA's current lack of resources to assist in
this effort.

The Agency has developed an “Interim Emission
Inventory" to be used until state/local data submission to
AIRS is completed. A summary of this interim inventory is
available on the BB in “Emission Inventory Guidance".

Under “Important Memos/Letters”, you will find generic
documentation for use by emission inventory preparers in
relation to their “biogenics" data and "nonroad inventory”
data.
U. S. EPA recommendations for estimating VOC
emissions from bread bakeries have been added to the BB
under "EF Guidance/Q&A-Policies-Recommendations". The
file BAKERIES.TXT may be viewed on the screen. This
material will appear in the next AP-42 update, and it is now
considered to be in effect.

AP-42 Supplement F — AP-42 section files available
from the "AP-42 by Chapter" area of the BB have been
updated to incorporate revisions made in supplements D, E
&F.

The complete text of sections published in Supplement F

88 PERSONNEL NOTES ....

is on the BB in "Published Supplements". Altogether, there
are 4 ZIP files, and they are quite large. If you want only
one or two sections, it will be faster to download them from
the “AP-42 by Chapter" area of the BB.

New AP-42 Sections - Draft AP-42 Section 5.19 on
"Synthetic Fibers" and Section 8.6, “Portland Cement”, have
been added to the BB under the AP-42 menu in “Draft
Sections Under Review". Please comment on this new
materia. by BB E-mail or by phone. Other sections are
being added frequently.

Downloading From The BB - The BB has upgraded
to a newer version of the archiving/dearchiving software,
PKZIP/PKUNZIP. In the future, compressed files added to
the CHIEF will use this new software. Instructions and a
downloadable copy of the software are both available on the
BB. The licensing agreement makes this operation legal.

Document Ordering Module — Remember the BB
module for quick ordering of any of the Locating And
Estimating series on toxic substances. You may access this
module from the "FACTOR and INVENTORY INFO"
section of the Main menu. Your requests through this
module will go directly to our library services staff for
shipment to you. For assistance or more information, call
the Info CHIEF at (919) 541-5285.

Bulletin Board activity continues to be brisk, now with
over 1100 registered CHIJEF users logging in more than
4000 times per month. Always remember, after checking
current "Alerts", to review old alerts to make sure you're up
to date, Alerts stay current for at least a month before they
are moved to the "old" list.

We like hearing from you. E-mail any ideas and
suggestions you have for the bulletin board to Michael
Hamlin, CHIEF BB System Operator, here at the Newsletter.
If you prefer, write or phone us with your comments. To
register for the BB, contact Michael here at the Newsletter,
(919) 541-5232.

38 — As of 19 November, Jim Southerland began a 120-day rotation in Raleigh with the North Carolina Dept. Of
Environmental Health And Natural Resources, where he will assist the state's air pollution control efforts in several areas.
This assignment will give Jim a good look at how EPA's tools and other assistance are used in a state agency and how they
might be improved.

During this time, we welcome Bill Lamason as Acting Chief of the Emission Factor And Methodologies Section of
EIB. Bill comes over from the Air Quality Management Division's Permits Programs Branch, where he worked on New
Source Review. He has been with EPA for 14 years, including several years’ work on AP-42 and inventory guidance. Bill
has an engineering degree from Duke and a Master Of Engineering degree from Florida. During his assignment, Bill looks
forward to renewing old acquaintances and forming new ones, as the work continues here.

38 — Dat Giap has joined our Branch, where he is working on various data analysis tasks. He was born in Viet Nam and
came to the U. S. in 1981. He says he is learning much about EPA, preferably from single female teachers. Dat is pursuing
a degree in Mechanical Engineering at NC State University in Raleigh, and he enjoys basketball, racquetball, volleyball and
tennis in his spare time. We welcome him to the Emission Inventory Branch.


recent information was examined to extract emission factors
for each toxic pollutant/source category pair. Where there
was no emission factor information, the best available
speciation profile information was determined for speciation
profile/source category pairs. Although the information
available is improved from 1991, in many instances it is
necessary to use a default profile. The default profiles are
average representations of all profiles and, consequently, are
of low quality when applied to specific sources. Emission
estimates attributable to the default profile are tracked

separately, as an aid to defining the uncertainty in the interim
toxic emission inventory. The improved interim toxic
emission inventory should be viewed as a first estimate of
toxic emissions. Processing of the improved interim toxic
emission inventory is under way and should be complete by
the end of 1993. Analysis and documentation will occur
during the first six months of 1994, and results of this work
will be conveyed in this Newsletter.

For further information, contact Bill Benjey at EPA, (919)
541-0821. 4

— BULLETIN BOARD NEWS —

Have You Tried Fax CHIEF? - If you want a paper
copy of part or parts of AP-42, pick up the phone handset on
your fax machine and place your order! Fax CHIEF, EIB's
newest high tech information tool, contains some of our
most often requested material. Users may select from
sections of AP-42 Volumes I (Stationary Sources) or II
(Mobile Sources), as well as memos, guidance, and other
technical material related to air pollutant emissions. More
documents will be added in the future. With Fax CHIEF,
you can be sure of getting the latest version of the
documents you need.

Fax CHIEF has been on line for a very short time, but

caller requests are already averaging over 400 per month,
Just call in to Fax CHIEF, follow the voice instructions on
making selections, and immediately get the needed material
transmitted back to your facsimile machine. It operates 24
hours a day, 7 days a week.

All that's required is a fax machine with an attached
telephone. Call (919) 541-5626/0548 from the telephone
attached to your fax machine. As directed, use the telephone
keypad to enter your document request, and Fax CHIEF does
the rest. You may select up to two documents per phone
call. Your only costs are for fax paper and telephone
charges.

A few "unsuccessful" tries have been tabulated. At the end
of your call, the system will prompt you to listen for the
"tone", press the "send" key, then hang up. Look for your

machine's indication of a successful connection/transmission
before hanging up the phone.

New! SWAMI SPEAKS - A new section entitled
SWAMI SPEAKS has been added to the BB. The "Swami"
will introduce topics pertinent to emission inventories and
factors and will invite public comment and discussion via
“Public Messages". Select <A> from the Main menu for
more information. This pilot effort is being tried as a result
of our asking focus groups abgut EPA/state/local agency
communication issues. If our users will submit issues and
questions to the "Swami", and communication thereby
improves, it should provide some relief from day-to-day
stresses, and we will continue the service. For assistance,
or to talk with the SWAMI, contact Steve Bromberg at the
Newsletter, (919) 541-1000.

SPECIATE - Two corrections have been made to the
SPECIATE program. Profiles 1101, 1203, and 1204,
pertaining to light duty gasoline vehicles (LDGV), have been
deleted from the system because they are superseded by the
more comprehensive data in recently added profiles 1306 and
1313. Be sure to use these more recent profiles when trying
to speciate LDGV emissions. Also, the data quality for
profiles 1301-1315 has been upgraded to a "B" rating by
EPA's Office Of Mobile Sources. Users should download
the revised ZIP files from the "EF Guidance” section to
update existing SPECIATE installations.

(BB News cont. over)

THE CHIEF NEWSLETTER is produced quarterly by the Emission
Inventory Branch, Technical Support Division, of EPA's Office Of Air Quality
Planning And Standards. Its purpose is to enhance communication within the
emission factor and inventory community by providing new and useful
information and by allowing for the exchange of information between and among
its readers. Comments on the Newsletter, and articles for inclusion in it, are
welcome and should be directed to Whitmel M. Joyner, Editor, Emission
Inventory Branch (MD 14), US EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711;
phone (919) 541-5493.

The contents of THE CHIEF do not necessarily reflect the views and
policies of the Agency, neither does the mention of trade names or commercial
products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. #



HEADQUARTERS INVENTORY CONTACTS

— EMISSION FACTORS —

AP-42 Chapter
External Combustion
Solid Waste Disposal
Internal Combustion
Evaporation Loss Sources
Chemical Process Industry
Organics
Tnorganics
6. Food And Agricultural Industry
7. Metallurgical Industry
8. Mineral Products Industry
9. Petroleum Industry
10. Wood Products Industry
1. Miscellaneous Sources
12. Storage Of Organic Liquids
Toxics
Lead
General information, Newsletter,
Bulletin Board, FIRE, SPECIATE,
Air CHIEF CD, Publications,
Fax CHIEF

WwPone

— EMISSION INVENTORIES —

1990 03/CO SIP Inventory Status

O3/CO Periodic Inventories

Biogenic Inventories

Emission Statements

PM-10/Lead Inventories

Toxics Inventories

Emission Trends

Emission Projections

Quality Assurance

AIRS Area And Mobile Subsystem (AMS)
AIRS Facility Subsystem (AFS)
AIRS/AFS Emission Data Quarterly Report

— PM.-10 SIPS —
OAQPS/AQMD
OAQPS/SSCD
—03ICO SIPS —
OAQPS/AQMD
OAQPS/SSCD
Office Of Mobile Sources
—LEAD SIPS —
OAQPS/AQMD

November 1993

Contact
Joe McSorley
Ron Myers
Michael Hamlin
Ron Ryan

Dennis Beauregard
Ron Myers
Dallas Safriet
Dennis Shipman
Ron Myers
Ron Ryan
Dallas Safriet
Dennis Shipman
Anne Pope
Anne Pope

Dennis Shipman/Ron Myers

Info CHIEF

Sharon Nizich
Bill Kuykendal
Steve Bromberg,
Mary Ann Warner
Bill Kuykendal
Anne Pope
Sharon Nizich
Mary Ann Warner
Bill Kuykendal
Lee Gabele

Steve Bromberg
Lee Gabele

Larry Wallace
Chris Oh

Laurel Schultz. (03)/Carla Oldham (CO)
Vishnu Katari
Mark Wolcott

Laura McKelvey

Telephone

(919) 541-
4796
5407
5232
4330

5512
5407
5371
5477
5407
4330
5371
5477
5373
5373
5477/5407

5285

2825
5372
1000
1192
5372
5373
2825
1192
5372
5292
1000
5292

0906
(202) 308-8732

5511/3347
(202) 308-8717
(313) 668-4219

5497


United States
Environmental Protection
Aang

Office Of Air Quality EPA-454/N-93-054
Planning And Standards Volume V, No. 1
Fall 1993

Research Triangle Park, NC_27711

-_ THE CHIEF wewscerrer

— THE CLEARINGHOUSE FOR INVENTORIES AND EMISSION FACTORS —

— THE EMISSION INVENTORY: PERCEPTION AND REALITY —
THIRD ANNUAL CONFERENCE IS A SUCCESS

The successful specialty meeting on emission inventories
in Pasadena, October 18-20, proves the contention that this
topic remains very important across the spectrum of air
pollution control interests. This year's conference, jointly
sponsored by the California Air Resources Board (CARB)
and the Air & Waste Management Association (AWMA),
with coordination and support from EPA, hosted about 365
attendees from all corners of the emission inventory arena.
The group "categorized" into 33% from California's state and
local agencies, 25% contractors, 15% industry, 13% other
stateflocal agencies, 7% foreign entities (10 countries), 5%
U. S. EPA, and 2% academia. Only 10 states were
represented. No doubt, the EPA contingent would have been
larger but for travel funding problems.

The preconference training courses, although held on a
Sunday, still were well attended, and Anne Pope's
demonstrations of EIB's TANKS and FIRE programs and the
Air CHIEF compact disk were popular.

Topics highlighted during the meetings, and discussed as
well at the wrap-up session, include:
~ The need to enhance mobile source inventories, to
accommodate recent research, and to study the relationships

of mobile model predictions with actual study data.
(Nonroad enhancement is needed, too.)

— The need for a mechanism to coordinate the rapid evolution
of computer tools, at all levels, from micros on the desk up
to mainframes. It is difficult to integrate and share
knowledge of programs involving permits, State
Implementation Plans, toxic substances, and the Aerometric
Information Retrieval System (AIRS).

- Necessary work to refine emission inventory validation
techniques and uncertainty estimates.

— Increased demands for toxics data, while factor, inventory
and estimation abilities are still primitive.

It is important to remember, although many short-term
frustrations remain in the work for clean air, that tremendous
progress has been made over the years, and optimism for the
future is well warranted.

The conference was a success, in its courses, speaker
sessions, and frequent opportunities for collegial discussion
and airing of ideas. This meeting mirrored, in subject and
focus, those held in 1991 and 1992 in Durham, NC.
Following a coastal rotation sequence to encourage broad
participation, 1994 sessions will be in the Durham area, «©

OMS Ho ps NONROAD VEHICLE INVENTORY WORKSHOP

On Sept. 20, EPA's Office Of Mobile Sources (OMS) held
a workshop for state and Regional personnel on nonroad
vehicle emission inventories in Ann Arbor, MI. At the
workshop, a contractor who has prepared nonroad emission
inventories for 33 Ozone and CO Nonattainment Areas spoke
on how the inventories were derived, including a description
of the methodology and all inputs used in the effort.

The details of the presentation will be supplied to EPA by
the contractor in a complete report. Also included will be a
specific case study of the Philadelphia Nonattainment Area,

3 DAYS ONLY

with all input data and formulae used to calculate the
inventory for Philadelphia. This report will be available on
the OMS portion of the Office Of Air Quality Planning And
Standards Technology Transfer Bulletin Board System.

The workshop also offered sessions on the benefits of
reformulated gasoline in nonroad equipment; the 1996
inventory projection methodology; and the present status of,
and future plans for, regulation of nonroad mobile sources.

For more information, about the report or the conference,
contact Greg Janssen, OMS, (313) 668-4285.

lal
oe Pmt sans hn eee

contains at least 50% recycled


THE EMISSION INVENTORY BRANCH

J. David Mobley, Chief

(919) 541-4676
Sherry Russell, Secy.
Mary Tabom, Secy.
EMISSION FACTOR AND INVENTORY GUIDANCE AND
METHODOLOGIES SECTION EVALUATION SECTION
Jim Southerland, Chief David Misenheimer, Acting Chief
(919) 541-5522 (919) 541-0875
Dennis Beauregard Steve Bromberg
Michael Hamlin Dat Giap
Whit Joyner Ie Gabele
Joe McSorley Bill Kuykendal
Ron Myers Marty Martinez,
Anne Pope Tom McMullen
Ron Ryan Sharon Nizich
Dallas Safriet Joe Pinto
Dennis Shipman Mary Ann Warmer
Edna Winstead, Secy. Susan Curtis, Secy.
The CHIEF Newsletter

Volume V, No. 1
Fall 1993



James H. Wilson, Jr., Proceedings Of Two Highway Vehicle Emission Inventory Workshops, EPA-600/9-91-007, March
1991. (NTIS No. PB91-168492) (Ted Ripberger)

RECENT PAPERS

These papers, sponsored by EMB, were presented at the EPA/AWMA Specialty Conference, Emission Inventory Issues In
The 1990s, Durham, NC, September 9-12, 1991.

Mark Saeger, et al., Solvent Use Emissions Estimation Methodologies: Future Implications. (Jeff Chappell)

William Battye, et al., Research And Development Efforts To Develop Improved Inventory Methodologies For Area Source
Solvent Emissions. (Jeff Chappell)

The following papers were sponsored by EMB and presented at the second EPA/AWMA International Conference on
Emission Inventory Issues, October 19-22, 1992, Durham, NC.

T. M. Lynch, et al., Design And Development Of The Economic Growth Analysis System (E-GAS). (Sue Kimbrough)

W. R. Barnard, et al., Development Of A Prototype System For Tracking Reasonable Further Progress Under the Clean Air
Act Amendments. (Sue Kimbrough)

J. W. Jones, et al., AEERL's Hazardous Air Pollutant Emissions Research Under JEIOG: A Status Report. (Julian Jones)

A. J. Hayes, et al., Motor Vehicle Activity Factor Determination Through Fuel Consumption Analysis: Atlanta, Georgia.
(Ted Ripberger)

D. P. Eversmann, et al., Repetitive Analysis Of In-use Vehicle Emissions Under Load. (Ted Ripberger)
J. P. Childress, et al., Motor Vehicle Modeling Using Modal Data. (Ted Ripberger)
M. D. Meyer, et al., A Study Of Enrichment Activities In The Atlanta Road Network. (Ted Ripberger)
The following papers were presented at other conferences, as noted.
C. D. Geron, et al., "An Alternative Method For Estimating Biogenic VOC Emissions In EPA Region I", EPA/AWMA
International Conference On Tropospheric Ozone: Nonattainment And Design Value Issues, Boston, MA, October 28-30,

1992. (Chris Geron)

J. Cleland, et al., Fuzzy Logic Control Of AC Induction Motors, IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems, San
Diego, CA, March 8-12, 1992. (Jeff Chappell)

EMISSION INVENTORIES! — THE KEY IN '93

‘7


CRITERIA POLLUTANT TRENDS - 1983, 1992
(106 TONS)

120,000 ~———————— a

0 1983

100,000 a
1992

80,000

60,000 oe

40,000

20,000

voc NOx co SOx

*1992 PM-10 estimate includes fugitive dust from agricultural and construction activities.

@ Quiz CorNER ©

Get out the calculators. Here's another challenge, by Keith Baugues and Tom Pierce, which requires knowledge of biogenic
emissions. This puzzle appeared in an earlier Newsletter, but there were glitches in the mailing. Since we didn’t hear from
the Quiz Regulars, we're assuming they didn't get their copies. (Is that presumptuous? Do we still have Regulars?) Respond
to Whit Joyner at the Newsletter, phone (919) 541-5493.

A dearth of replies to this Quiz Corner will mean that more than these trees will get the ax! Also, any presumed
holiday/tree connections may or may not be politically correct. Rely on your consciences, but don't lean on anybody else's.

<% @ HUG-A-TREESPECIAL ff >
~ 1) How many full grown oak trees does it take to emit one ton/hour of biogenic hydrocarbons, in full sun, at 75° F?
— 2) Ceteris paribus, how many @ 95° F?
— 3) How many full grown pine trees will emit one ton/hour of biogenic hydrocarbons, in full sun, at 75° F?
—4) Ditto @ 95° F?
— 5) How many full grown corn stalks will emit one ton/hour of biogenic hydrocarbons, in full sun, at 75° F?
— 6) Ditto @ 95° F?
~ 7) How many full grown tobacco plants will em. . one ton/hour of biogenic hydrocarbons, in full sun, at 75° F?
- 8) Ditto @ 95° F?

o © © @ 6 6 @ 8 @


AIR/SUPERFUND COORDINATION PROGRAM

The Air/Superfund Coordination Program assists all EPA
Regions in 1) evaluating the effects of air emissions from
Superfund sites, before and during remediation, and 2)
developing and implementing site cleanup measures to
mitigate these effects, toward protecting both public health
and the environment.

The Air/Superfund Coordinator in each Region's air office
is responsible for assuring support to the Superfund efforts.
Air offices provide routine site support services such as
consultation and review of proposals, plans and studies.
They also inform decisions about preremedial, remedial and
removal actions that may affect air emissions. They help
make sure that site decisions involving air pollution issues
are consistent with federal, state and local regulations and
policies. Also, they perform air pathway analyses (APA)
and special field evaluations during removal and remediation
actions and assist Superfund contractors with matters such as
air modeling, monitoring and use of control devices.

An APA is a systematic evaluation of a Superfund site's
actual or possible effects on air quality, which can involve
modeling or monitoring. A plan's major components are

— Characterization of the emission source(s)

— Determination of the effects of atmospheric processes
such as transport and dilution

— Evaluation of the exposure potential at receptors.

Both CERCLA* and SARA* mandate a characterization of
all contaminant migration pathways from the waste or
hazardous material to the environment, along with evaluation
of any resulting effects. Often, however, APAs are not
prepared, because many sites show little or no perceptible
emissions in undisturbed or baseline states. Even low
emission levels can be important, especially of toxic or
carcinogenic compounds. And during cleanup activity,
emissions can greatly increase. Not performing an APA can
lead to health risk underestimation, with possible work
stoppages and other augmented cleanup costs.

To date, the Air/Superfund Coordination Program has
produced 35 National Technical Guidance Studies (NTGS)
that provide technical assistance in conducting APAs. These
reports deal with estimating emissions, analyzing dispersion
model results, conducting ambient monitoring, and
evaluating site cleanup techniques. To obtain copies of the
various NTGS reports, or for more information, contact Joe
Padgett at EPA, (919) 541-5589, or Patricia Flores, EPA
Region III, (215) 597-9134.

*CERCLA: Comprehensive Environmental Response,
Compensation And Liability Act of 1980; SARA:
Superfund Amendments And Reorganization Act.

CARB ACTIVITIES & PUBLICATIONS

The Stationary Source Emission Inventory Branch of
California Air Resources Board's (CARB) Technical Support
Division has recently begun producing an informative
quarterly newsletter, the Emission Inventory Informer.
The Informer details some important work currently being
done there.

Air Toxics Hot Spots Requirements - CARB has
streamlined the "Hot Spots" program regulation reporting
requirements. Inventory update efforts are now focused on
significant risk facilities, while these efforts are reduced for
all other affected facilities. The update submission schedule
has been modified to reflect this change in focus.
Workshops have been held to explain the new procedures.
Other efforts are under way to move the program along,
including developing toxics emission factors from collected
source test data, to supplant work done by the U. S. EPA.
For more information on this topic, contact Marcelle
Surovik, (916) 324-1842.

Now available is California Emission Trends, 1975 -

2010. The book details the decreases in emissions since
1975 and then mixes controls and population changes to
project expectations through the first decade of the coming
millennium. For more information, contact Martin
Johnson, (916) 323-3567. For copies of the report, contact
CARB's Public Information Office, (916) 322-2990.

The report, Status And Capabilities Of The ARB’s Air
Toxics Emission Data System (ATEDS), was prepared
recently. ATEDS is a comprehensive, relational data base
addressing emissions of over 700 toxic substances, as
reported by facility operators under the "Hot Spots" program.
The report describes the structure of the ATEDS data base
and its reporting capabilities, and it presents preliminary
analysis of toxics data, based on an evaluation of "toxicity-
weighted” emissions. For more information, call Beth
Schwehr, (916) 322-6002.

Inquiries about this interesting newsletter should be
directed to Carolyn Lozo, CARB, 2020 L St., Sacramento,
CA 95814-4219, phone (916) 323-8372. #

1a EMISSION INVENTORIES — THE KEY IN '93!


AP-42 SUPPLEMENT F Is OUT

EIB has published and released the largest supplement in
the long history of the AP-42 series. The stationary point
and area source volume's 628-page SUPPLEMENT F contains
1715 new or revised emission factors and process
information for 51 different source categories.

(CD-ROM), Version 3.0. EIB has sent complimentary
copies of the printed document to EPA libraries and to each
state and local control agency. Printed copies are available to
others for $42.00 (includes shipping and handling) from the
Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402-9325,

with a stock number of 055-000-00453-6. To purchase with
major charge cards, call (202) 783-3238. «

The contents of Supplement F are already on the CHIEF
bulletin board, Fax CHIEF, and the Air CHIEF compact disc

EMISSION FACTOR DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM RESULTS

(Pages in Supplement) vn

60 1800
. Q
g 50 1500 ¢
F 40 - 1200 <
|
S 30 | 900 g

ke

ie | 600 a
Z 10 | 300 &

0

0
1985 (4%ed) 1986 1988
IE New Section [JJ Major Revision

1990 1991

Minor Revision

1992 1993

EMISSION INVENTORIES IN SOUTH AFRICA
by Paul G. van Nierop

(After the emission inventory specialty conference in Pasadena, one conference attendee broke his long
journey home with a visit to the offices of The CHIEF Newsletter. We enjoyed Paul's views on the
conference and on other topics.)

A paper authored by P. G. van Nierop and H. J. Annegarn, “Particulate Source Inventory For The Vaal Triangle", was
presented at the international conference in Pasadena. The Schonland Research Center For Nuclear Sciences at the University
Of The Witwatersrand, in Johannesburg, is compiling a particulate emissions inventory in the Vaal Triangle, an area to the
southwest of Johannesburg. Because of the limited extent of inventory compilation techniques available in South Africa, we
have used U. S. EPA techniques and methodology extensively.

I found the conference most interesting and informative. It was encouraging to find that many of the problems we
experience in South Africa are also faced in the USA. I also attended the preconference course on emission inventory
compilation, presented by Jim Southerland [EPA], Anne Pope [EPA], and [contractor] Angela Andrews. This course was
extremely useful, as it provided technological assistance which is impossible to obtain in South Africa.

Afterward, on Monday the Ist of November, I visited the Emission Inventory Branch [EIB] of EPA at Research Triangle
Park and spent an interesting day discussing inventory topics with various people. These discussions generated several ideas
and plenty of useful literature, which will make our task in South Africa considerably easier. What I have learned from my
visits to the conference and the EPA will definitely improve the quality of our inventory. My thanks to Jim Southerland for
hosting me, and to all the other people that I met. «


a

THE 1992 EMISSION TRENDS REPORT

The National Air Pollutant Emission Estimates, 1900 -
1992, is being printed and is on the CHJEF electronic
bulletin board (BB). This year's report makes use of an
updated methodology that provides more accurate estimates
of emissions for all the criteria pollutants. The changes
result from improvements in the data bases, methods and
models used to develop the estimates. For instance, mobile
source emissions, previously underestimated, are now
reflected more accurately through applying the MobileSa
model nationally to estimate emissions from 1940 to the
present. In addition, the nonroad mobile source estimates in
this year's report are based on extensive nonroad survey data.
Other improvements include using actual fossil-fuel steam

utility data; using rule effectiveness factors on 1985 NAPAP
data, where applicable; applying Bureau Of Economic
Analysis (BEA) earnings data, by industry, to the 1985
NAPAP inventory; utilizing emission factor updates/changes
for railroads, residential wood combustion and aircraft; and
using county-specific information for mobile source
estimations. The graph below gives a representative sample
of emission trends for the past decade.

The new report is on the CH/EF bulletin board now, and
paper copies will be available in late January. For further
information, including how to obtain copies, contact Sharon
Nizich at the Newsletter, (919) 541-2825, or call the Info
CHIEF, (919) 541-5285. #

CRITERIA POLLUTANT TRENDS, 1983 - 1992
(UNITS ARE 106 TONS)

250,000

200,000

150,000

100,000

—e—T Tn

50,000

°

1983 1984 1985 1986 1987

WE iM i

cin

1988 1989 1990 1991 1992

*Since 1985, PM-10 estimates have included fugitive dust from agricultural and construction activities.

UPCOMING MEETINGS AND CONFERENCES

— 1994 EPA/AWMA Title lil , Air Toxics Compliance St MA\
Interface with other Sections of the Act, &c. ea dan San Pangea:

Newark; 19-20 May, Chicago. Contact Court Gould, AWMA, Box 2861, anspor. . 1

CT Standards, HC HON Rule, Toxics Permitting, Residual Risk, Monitori
oe 23-28 Aer,

17-18 Mar, Houston; 7-8 Apr, Charlotte;
, (412) 232-3444.

—AWMA Ler hati aL A AWMA, Box 2861, Pittsburgh, PA 15200, (412) 292-3444):

Ozone Control
Gaining Institute: Newest eee Center,

‘The Next Decade (Gentury), San Francisco, 11-1
Ci , Aiberia, A ‘O4.

Waste Was Gombeston ia Balers Boilers And Industrial Ang igaton Sra Kansas ey MO, wae April 94,

‘Source Reduction And
. Cincinnati, 19-24 June ‘94.

Measurement Of Toxic And Related

‘Tropospheric Ozone, Orlando, 11-13 May ‘94.

Training Institute: ‘Southeast Regional Center, Florida, Fall ‘94.

New Mexico Conference On
26110, Santa Fe, NM 07502, (505) 827-2850.

Risk Analysis, Valley Forge, PA, 27-29 Apni "94.
Air Pollutants, Durham, NC, 3-6 May ‘94.

The Environment, 24-26 April '94, Albuquerque, NM. Contact John Geddie, NM Dept. Of The Environment, Box

— 4th Annual Specialty Conference, The Emission Inventory: Perception And Reality, Octobar ‘94, Durham, NC.

2