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AIR POLLUTION CONTROL OPERATION PERMIT 

EI FACILITY NO: 415186750 PERMIT NO.: 415186750-F20 

TYPE: Operation Permit Renewal, synthetic minor non-Part 70 source 

In compliance with the provisions of Chapter 285, Wis. Stats., and Chapters NR 400 to NR 499, Wis. Adm. Code, 

Name of Source: Washington Island Electric Cooperative 

Street Address: Route One – Box 14, Washington Island, WI 54246 

Responsible Official, & Title: Robert B. Cornell, Washington Island Cooperative 

is authorized to operate an electric utility and power generating station in conformity with the conditions herein. 

THIS OPERATION PERMIT EXPIRES 

[Section NR 407.09(1)(b)1., Wis. Adm. Code] 

 FEBRUARY 9, 2015 

A renewal application must be submitted at least 6 months, but not more than 18 months, prior to this expiration date 

[ss. 285.66(3)(a), Wis. Stats. and NR 407.04(2), Wis. Adm. Code]. No permittee may continue operation of a source after 

the operation permit expires, unless the permittee submits a timely and complete application for renewal of the permit. If you 

submit a timely and complete application for renewal, the existing operation permit will not expire until the renewal 

application has been finally acted upon by DNR. [ss. 227.51(2), Wis. Stats. and NR 407.04(2), Wis. Adm. Code].

This authorization requires compliance by the permit holder with the emission limitations, monitoring requirements and other 

terms and conditions set forth in Parts I and II hereof. 

Dated at Green Bay, Wisconsin, 2 – 9 - 2010 

STATE OF WISCONSIN 

DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES 

For the Secretary 

By /s/ James Crawford for 

 Richard Wulk 

 Environmental Engineer Supervisor 
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PREAMBLE 

An Asterisk (*) throughout this document denotes legal authority, limitations and conditions which are not federally 

enforceable. 

Historical Summary of Permits/Orders Issued to the Facility. 

The following permits, orders, etc., are adopted, under ss. 285.65(3), Wis. Stats., and NR 407.09(2)(d), Wis. Adm. Code, by 

Permit 415186750-F20 which then becomes the primary enforceable document: 

Permit/Order 

Number Issuance Date Sources Covered & Description1 Permits Adopted 

94-POY-058 June 8, 1995 Construction of P08 and P09 None 

415186750-F01 October 20, 1997 Total Facility Operation Permit 94-POY-058 

415186750-F10 November 4, 2002 Total Facility Operation Permit Renewal 415186750-F01, 

94-POY-058 

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 – Total Facility refers to all existing units at the facility at the time of issuance of the permit listed. 

Stack and Process Index 

A. Stacks S03 & S04, Processes P03 & P04 – Two small diesel generators. P03 is rated at 170 hp and was installed in 1945. 

P04 is rated at 390 hp and was installed in 1951. 

B. Stacks S08 & S09, Processes P08 and P09 – Two Caterpillar diesel generators rated at 2,288 hp, both installed in 1996. 

Insignificant Emission Units

 Maintenance of Grounds, Equipment, and Buildings 

 Office Activities 

 Sanitary Sewer and Plumbing Venting 

 Boilers B01 and B02 (0.3 MMBtu/hr distillate oil fired) 

 Two distillate fuel oil storage tanks 

Permit Shield — Unless precluded by the Administrator of the US EPA, compliance with all emission limitations in this 

operation permit is considered to be compliance with all emission limitations established under ss. 285.01 to 285.87, Wis. 

Stats., and emission limitations under the federal clean air act, that are applicable to the source if the permit includes the 

applicable limitation or if the Department determines that the emission limitations do not apply. The following emission 

limitations were reviewed in the analysis and preliminary determination and were determined not to apply to this stationary 

source: None 

Part I — The headings for the areas in the permit are defined below. The legal authority for these limitations or methods 

follows them in [brackets]. 

Pollutant – This area will note which pollutant is being regulated by the permit. 

Limitations – This area will list all applicable emission limitations that apply to the source, including case-by-case 

limitations such as Latest Available Control Techniques (LACT), Best Available Control Technology (BACT), or 

Lowest Achievable Emission Rate (LAER). It will also list any voluntary restrictions on hours of operation, raw material 

use, or production rate requested by the permittee to limit potential to emit. 

Compliance Demonstration – The compliance demonstration methods outlined in this area may be used to demonstrate 

compliance with the associated emission limit or work practice standard listed under the corresponding Limitations
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column. The compliance demonstration area contains limits on parameters or other mechanisms that will be monitored 

periodically to ensure compliance with the limitations. The requirement to test as well as initial and periodic test 

schedules, if testing is required, will be stated here. Notwithstanding the compliance determination methods which the 

owner or operator of a sources is authorized to use under ch. NR 439, Wis. Adm. Code, the Department may use any 

relevant information or appropriate method to determine a source’s compliance with applicable emission limitations. 

Reference Test Methods, Recordkeeping, and Monitoring Requirements – Specific USEPA Reference test methods 

or other approved test methods will be contained in this area and are the methods that must be used whenever testing is 

required. A reference test method will be listed even if no testing is immediately required. Also included in this area are 

any recordkeeping requirements and their frequency and reporting requirements. Accuracy of monitoring equipment 

shall meet, at a minimum, the requirements of s. NR 439.055(3) and (4), Wis. Adm. Code, as specified in Part II of this 

permit. 

Condition Type – This area will specify other conditions that are applicable to the entire facility that may not be tied to 

one specific pollutant. 

Conditions – Specific conditions usually applicable to the entire facility or compliance requirements. 

Compliance Demonstration – This area contains monitoring and testing requirements and methods to demonstrate 

compliance with the conditions. 

PART II — This section contains the general limitations that the permittee must abide by. These requirements are standard 

for most sources of air pollutants so they are included in this section with every permit. 
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PART I 

APPLICABLE LIMITATIONS AND SPECIFIC CONDITIONS

A. Stacks S03 & S04; Processes P03 & P04 – Process P03 is a 170 hp diesel generator installed in 1945. P04 is a 390 hp diesel generator iNote: The limitations in this table apply to each generator individually unless otherwise indicated. 

POLLUTANT a. LIMITATIONS b. COMPLIANCE DEMONSTRATION c. REFERENCE TEST METHO

MONITORING REQUIREMEN

1. Particulate Matter Emissions 

(1) 0.50 pound of particulate matter per million BTU of heat input. [s. NR 485.055, Wis. Adm. Code] 

(1) The permittee may burn only Numbers 1 and 2 distillate fuel oil in the diesel generators.1 [s. NR 

407.09(4)(a)3.b., Wis. Adm. Code] 

(1) Reference Test Method for Parti

Whenever particulate matter emissiDepartment, the permittee shall use backhalf. [s. NR 439.06(1), Wis. A(2) The permittee shall keep records burned in the diesel generators on a 439.04(1)(d), Wis. Adm. Code] 

2. Visible Emissions 

(1) 40% opacity or number 2 on the Ringlemann chart. [s. NR 431.04(1), Wis. Adm. Code] 

(1) Same as particulate matter. See A.1.b.(1) above. 

(1) Reference Test Method for Visi

emission testing is required by the DU.S. EPA Method 9. [s. NR 439.06(2) Same as particulate matter. See 

1 Using a particulate matter emission factor of 0.0022 pounds per horsepower-hour (#/hp-hour) for distillate fuel oil, the generator's horsepower rati

and a higher heating value for distillate fuel oil of 0.14 million BTU per gallon, the particulate matter emissions are 0.314 pounds per million BTU ocomes from the October 1996 update to AP-42 (section 3.3). 
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B. Stacks S08 & S09; Processes P08 & P09 – Two Caterpillar diesel generators rated at 2288 horsepower. These generators were installe

permit 94-POY-058. Note: The limitations in this table apply to each generator individually unless otherwise indicated. 

POLLUTANT a. LIMITATIONS b. COMPLIANCE DEMONSTRATION c. REFERENCE TEST METHO

MONITORING REQUIREMEN

1. Particulate Matter Emissions 

(1) 0.50 pounds of particulate matter per million BTU of heat input. [s. NR 485.055, Wis. Adm. Code] 

(1) The permittee may burn only Numbers 1 and 2 distillate fuel oil in this diesel generator.2 [s. NR 

407.09(4)(a)3.b., Wis. Adm. Code] 

(1) Reference Test Method for Parti

Whenever particulate matter emissiDepartment, the permittee shall use backhalf. [s. NR 439.06(1), Wis. A(2) The permittee shall keep records burned in this diesel generator on a 439.04(1)(d), Wis. Adm. Code] 

2. Visible Emissions 

(1) 20% opacity or number 1 on the Ringlemann chart. [s. NR 431.05, Wis. Adm. Code] 

(1) Same as particulate matter. See I.B.1.b.(1) above. 

(1) Reference Test Method for Visi

emission testing is required by the DU.S. EPA Method 9. [s. NR 439.06(2) Same as particulate matter. See 

3. Stack Parameters (1) The height of stacks S08 

and S09 shall be at least 28 feet above ground level. [s. 285.65(3), Wis. Stats.] (2) The inside diameter at the outlet of stacks S08 and S09 may not exceed 1.1 feet. [s. 285.65(3), Wis. Stats.] 

(1) See the recordkeeping requirements specified in I.B.3.c.(1). 

(1) The permittee shall maintain engthe stack height and stack inside dia439.04(1)(d), Wis. Adm. Code] 

2 Using a particulate matter emission factor of 0.0022 pounds per horsepower-hour (#/hp-hour) for distillate fuel oil, the generator's horsepower rati

and a higher heating value for distillate fuel oil of 0.14 million BTU per gallon, the particulate matter emissions are 0.314 pounds per million BTU ocomes from the October 1996 update to AP-42 (section 3.3). 
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Z. Total Facility Limitations 

CONDITION TYPE a. LIMITATIONS b. COMPLIANCE 

DEMONSTRATION 

c. RECORDKEEPING AND MON

1. Fuel use limit for P08 and P09 

(1) The permittee may not burn more than 300,000 gallons of Numbers 1 and 2 distillate fuel in generators P08 and P09, combined, during each 12 consecutive month period.3 [s. 

285.65(7), Wis. Stats.] 

(1) Compliance with the limitation in I.Z.1.a.(1) shall be demonstrated through keeping records of fuel oil usage for P08 and P09. [s. NR 407.09(4)(a)3.b., Wis. Adm. Code] 

(1) The permittee shall keep records oburned in P08 and P09, combined, for consecutive month period. [s. NR 439

2. Restriction on hours of operation of P03 and P04 

(1) The permittee may not operate generators P03 and P04 for more than 500 hours, each, during each 12 consecutive month period. [s. 285.65(7), Wis. Stats.] 

(1) Compliance with the limitation in I.Z.2.a.(1) shall be demonstrated through keeping records of the hours of operation of generators P03 and P04. [s. NR 407.09(4)(a)3.b., Wis. Adm. Code] 

(1) The permittee shall keep records oof P03 and of P04 for each month and period. [s. NR 439.04(1)(d), Wis. Ad

3. Fuel oil sulfur content limit 

(1) The sulfur content of Numbers 1 and 2 distillate fuel oil used at the facility may not exceed 0.5% by weight. [s. NR 407.09(2)(d), Wis. Adm. Code, and s. 285.65(7), Wis. Stats.] 

(1) When requested by the Department, the permittee shall demonstrate compliance with the fuel oil sulfur limit in I.Z.3.a.(1) using certification from the fuel supplier. [s. NR 407.09(4)(a)3.b., Wis. Adm. Code] 

(1) The permittee shall keep records oinclude the name of the fuel supplier aoil received. [s. NR 439.04(1)(d), Wis

3 The permittee elected to take the restrictions in I.Z.1., I.Z.2. and I.Z.3. in order to be a synthetic minor source under Part 70. These limitations 

the major source thresholds. 
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Z. Total Facility Limitations 

CONDITION TYPE a. CONDITIONS b. COMPLIANCE DEMONSTRATION4. Reporting (1) The permittee shall submit 

periodic monitoring reports. [s. NR 407.09(1)(c)3., Wis. Adm. Code] (2) The permittee shall submit periodic compliance certifications. [s. NR 407.09(4)(a)3., Wis. Adm. Code]

(1) The permittee shall submit a monitoring report which contains the results of mmonitoring results required by this permit to the Department every 12 months. (a) The time periods to be addressed by the submittal are January 1 to December 3(b) The report shall be submitted to the Wisconsin Department of Natural ResourcHeadquarters, 2984 Shawano Avenue, Green Bay, WI 54313-6727 within 60 dayperiod. (c) All deviations from and violations of applicable requirements shall be clearly i

(d) Each submittal shall be certified by a responsible official as to the truth, accura

report. (e) The content of the submittal is described in item D. of Part II of the operation p[s. NR 439.03(1)(b), Wis. Adm. Code] (2) The permittee shall submit an annual certification of compliance with the requWisconsin Department of Natural Resources Northeast Region Headquarters, 298WI 54313-6727. (a) The time period to be addressed by the report is the January 1 to December 31 (b) The report shall be submitted to the Wisconsin Department of Natural ResourcHeadquarters within 60 days after the end of each reporting period. (c) The information included in the report shall comply with the requirements of P

(d) Each report shall be certified by a responsible official as to the truth, accuracy [s. NR 439.03(1)(c), Wis. Adm. Code] 

CONDITION TYPE a. CONDITIONS 5. Compliance Testing (1) If any required compliance emission test(s) cannot be conducted within the time frames specified in this permit, 

and the Department may approve, in writing, an extension of time to conduct the test(s). [s. NR 439.07, Wis. Adm. 

(2) All testing shall be performed with the emissions unit operating at capacity or as close to capacity as practicable 

procedures. If operation at capacity is not feasible, the source shall operate at a capacity level which is approved by NR 439.07(1), Wis. Adm. Code] (3) The Department shall be informed at least 20 working days prior to any stack testing, so a Department represent

the time of notification, a compliance emission test plan shall also be submitted to the Department for approval. Whequivalent test method may be substituted for the reference test method. The notification and test plan shall be subm

Department of Natural Resources. [s. NR 439.07(2), Wis. Adm. Code] (4) Two copies of the report on any compliance emission tests shall be submitted to the Department for evaluation wcompletion of tests. [s. NR 439.07(9), Wis. Adm. Code] 
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 Z. Total Facility Limitations 

CONDITION TYPE a. CONDITIONS 6. Additional Reference Test Methods

(1) Reference Test Method for PM10 Emissions: Whenever PM10 emission testing is required by the Department, the p

Method 201 or 201A. [s. NR 439.06(1m), Wis. Adm. Code]  (2) Reference Test Method for Liquid Fossil Fuel Sampling: Whenever liquid fossil fuel sampling is required, it shall b

most current version of ASTM D4057 (as of January 2010 the current version is D4057-95), Standard Practice for ManPetroleum Products, or the most current version of ASTM D4177 (as of January 2010 the current version is D4177-95)Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products. [s. NR 439.08(2)(a), Wis. Adm. Code] (3) Reference Test Method of Sulfur Content in Liquid Fossil Fuel: Whenever the sulfur content of a liquid fossil fuel s

determined according to the most current version of ASTM D129 (as of January 2010 the current version is D129-00), in Petroleum and Petroleum Products (General Bomb Method), the most current version of ASTM D1552 (as of Januar

D1552-03), Standard Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (High-Temperature Method), or the most current vJanuary 2010 the current version is D4294-03), Standard Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by Energy-DispSpectroscopy. [s. NR 439.08(2)(b), Wis. Adm. Code] (4) Reference Test Method of Heat Content in Liquid Fossil Fuel: Whenever the heat content of a liquid fossil fuel sam

performed according to the most current version of ASTM D240 (as of January 2010 the current version is D240-02), SCombustion of Liquid Hydrocarbon Fuels by a Bomb Calorimeter. [s. NR 439.08(2)(c), Wis. Adm. Code]

7. Alternate Operating Scenario: Use of raw materials not included in the permit application

(1) If the permittee has the capability to burn or use a raw material not included in the application reviewed for this p

this material without first obtaining a construction permit provided the following conditions are met: (a) The source has continuously had such design capability to burn or use the raw material. (b) The use will not cause or exacerbate the violation of an ambient air quality standard or an ambient air increment

(c) The use is not prohibited by any permit, plan approval or special order applicable to the source. (d) The use will not result in a violation of any emission limit in chs. NR 405, 408, 409, 415 to 436, and 445, Wis. A

(e) The use will not subject the source to any standard or regulation under s. 112 of the Clean Air Act (42 USC 7412[s. NR 406.04(4)(a), Wis. Adm. Code] (2) Any calculations and supporting material required to demonstrate compliance shall be kept on file by the permitt

NR 439.04(1)(d), Wis. Adm. Code]