Solid fuel small combustion instal

Final Stakeholder Meeting

EuP Prepar

Lot 

A study being conducted for DG TREN by Bio Intelligence 

in cooperation with AEA Energy & Environment and 

Final Stakeholder Meeting

Brussels, Belgium, July 13 2009
Lot 15 preparatory Study

10:00 – 11:00 Introduction, summary of Tasks 1 t11:00 – 12:30 Task 6: BATs and improvement pote

Agenda 

Lunch14:00 – 15:30 Task 5: Base Cases15:30 – 16:30 Task 7: Analysis of improvement po16h30 – 17:00 Next steps and discussion 
Timeline

KEY TASKS Oct Dec Jan Fev Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep

2007 2008

1. Organisational tasks: website, 

stakeholders identification and contacts

2. Task 1: Scope Definition, 

standards and legislation

Nov Oct Nov Dec

Stakeholder 

Meeting

Jan 

First stakeholder 

meeting

3. Task 2: Economic and market 

analysis

5. Task 4: Technical analysis 

existing products

7. Task 6 Technical analysis BAT

Interim 

Report

8. Task 7: Improvement potential9. Task 8: Scenario- , policy- impactand sensitivity analysis

Stakeholder 

Meeting

4. Task 3: Consumer behaviour 

and local infrastructure

6. Task 5: Definition Base case

Interim 

stakeholder 

meeting
Task 1-4 - Summary

EuP meth

3. Consumer Behaviour

2. Market Analysis

1. Definition

4. Real life products

5. Base-case 

analysis

6. BAT analysis

7. Im
Task 1-4 - Summary

1. Task 1 - Scope of the study

Contents

2. Task 2 - Market analysis3. Task 3 - Consumer behaviour4. Task 4 - Technical analysis
Task 1 - Sco

Definition

Definition: “Solid fuel Small Combustion Installa

Combustion installation: single combustion appliance and relat

 Space heating function

Small: capacity below 500kWSolid fuel

 Mineral raw or manufactured fuels (e.g. coals of various  Biomass, raw or manufactured (e.g. wood logs, wood pe Peat
Task 1 - Sco

Within the scope: standard space heating install

Indirect heating (typically primary heating source):

 Central heating boilers <50kW

 Central heating boilers 50-500kW

Direct heating (primary or secondary heating source):

 Fireplaces Stoves Cookers
Task 1 - Sco

European test standards

EN 303-5 12809 13240 12815 13229 1

Lot 15 

Appliance

Boilers (indirect 

Boilers (direct Stoves Cookers

Open fireplaces/ 

Sr

Appliance (indirect 

heating)

(direct heating)

Stoves Cookers fireplaces/ 

inserts

rs

Fuel

Solid mineral fuels and biomass 

Efficiency requirements Direct (3 classes) Indirect (checking) Indirect (≥ 50%) Indirect (≥ 60%) Indirect (≥ 75% / ≥ 30%) 

(

Emissions requirements

COOGC PM NOx

CO (≤ 1%) CO (≤ 1%) CO (≤ 1%) CO (≤ 0.2%) C
Task 1 - Sco

Existing EU legislations and labels

EU legislations

 Directly related: Construction Product Directive (89/106/EEC

Directive (2006/95/EC); Machinery Directive (98/37/EC); PreDirective (97/23/EEC)

 Indirectly related: Air quality; Energy Performance of Building

Directive on the promotion of renewable energy sources; BoDirective (92/42/EEC); Large Combustion Plant Directive (200

Labels and voluntary schemes

 Blue Angel (DE) Nordic Swan (SE,NO,DK,FI) Umweltzeichen 37 (AU) Flamme Verte (FR) HETAS certification (UK) Etc.
Task 2 - Ma

Approach to market data collection:

The problem: a fragmented market

 PRODCOM data incomplete  No robust EU-wide estimates of sales and stocks

Solution 1: market data collection

 Market analysis reports  Questionnaires to industry (22 replies)

Solution 2: extrapolations

 Based on country groupings, - Number of heating degree days - (Coal and wood resources) Used when no market data available

in a MS, for one product group
Task 2 -Ma

Market size in EU-27

Appliance category Sale

Open fireplaces 850 0

Direct heating

Closed fireplaces / inserts 849 1Stoves 1 306 7Cookers 464 2

Indirect heating Boilers 313 0Total 3 783 0
Task 2: Ma

Lifetime

Average product life (years)

CITEPA study vs stakeholders

Biomass

(CITEPA)

Mineral

(CITEPA) Stakeholders 

Open fireplaces 25 25 20 – 50 

Closedfireplaces 15 15-25 15 – 25 Cookers 15 15-25 10 – 30 Stoves –manual 15 15-25 15 – 40 

Pellet stoves 10 – 15Boilers -manual 15 15-25 10 – 25 Boilers -automatic 15 15-25 15 – 25 
Task 2 - Ma

Expenditure (EU-27 average)

Investment costs are significant

 EU average

Appliance type Purchase Installation Maintenance Rep

Indirect heating 3000-4000 

€ 1500 

€ 500 

€ 500 

Fuel prices: solid fuel tend to be cheaper than liquid fuels or gas

 High variability among MS EU average

Electricity prices:

 EU average: 0.16 €/kWh

Indirect heating 3000-4000 

€ 1500 

€ 500 

€ 500 

Direct heating 2000 € 500-1000 € 250-350 € 200-2

Wood logs Anthracite

6.5 €/GJ 8 €/GJ
Task 2 - Ma

Market trends

Biomass boom

 20% renewable energy use by 2020 Today: 4.1% [1.3% - 29.8%] of energy from biomass

Solid fuel boilers sales

 2004 -> 2010: 3% -> 6% of all boiler sales 

 After 2010: market saturation
Task 2: Ma

Conclusions

Best estimates based on individual sources, in the absence of a sing

comprehensive market data:

 Accuracy of figures can be challenged But clearly shows that the yearly sales of the SCIs are higher 

threshold set in the EuP directive

 Basis for selecting representative products and input in Task 

Growing market, both in sales and stockMarket structure driven mostly by energy prices and fuel availabilit
The problem: poor data on characteristics of use

Substantial variability in use characteristics in EU-27

 Function of SCI: primary heating vs secondary heating vs dec Geographic location: number of cold days, availability of fuel Consumer influences

- Appropriateness and quality of fuel

Task 3: Cons

Approach

- Load size and frequency- Maintenance- Local infrastructure

Data availability

 No comprehensive data on use patterns of SCIs in each MS (L Comprehensive data on total solid fuel use in the residential 

(Eurostat, JWEE, Eurobserver)

⇒Need to estimate energy use indirectly
Estimation of energy use

Top-down approach

 EU-27 total energy use from solid fuels (Eurostat Energy Balan Average appliance: average energy use per appliance (Litteratu Average EU-27 energy use/appliance: scaled according to EU-2

Task 3: Cons

Total energy use in the residential sector

Indirect heating Direct h

Boilers Fireplaces Stove

> 50kW ≤ 50kW Open Closed /insert Classic Slo

re

Industrial sector Residential sector
Estimation of energy use: by appliance and fuel typ

Country groups 2 and 5 (UK, IR, PO, CZ, SK, HU, RO, BG)

Direct heating: mineral fuels and biomass used in proportion th

(except pellet stoves -> 100% biomass)

 Indirect heating: non domestic appliances exclusively mineral f

Task 3: Con

appliances, mineral fuels and biomass used in proportion their av

Other EU-27 countries

 Direct heating: 100% of appliances use biomass energy Indirect heating: 100% mineral fuel used; rest is biomass energ
Task 3 - Con

Appliance type

Hours of 

operation 

per year

Results: estimated energy use per year (EU-27 avera

Open fireplace 42

Closed fireplace 266

Stove 337

Cooker 112

Pellet stove 403

Slow heat release 377

Domestic boilers 478

Non-domestic boilers 651
Task 4 – Tec

LCA steps

Technical characteristics in the 4 steps of the Life Assessment (LCA)

Production phase (Bill of Materials)Distribution phase (transport)Use phase

 Emissions Fuel use (Task 3) Electricity consumption

End-of-life phase (Recycling/disposal)
Task 4: Tech

Production 

Appliance

Outp

ut 

[kW]

Fuel 

supply Draft Iary air IIary air 

Fireplace

Open fireplace 5-15 Manual Natural X X Insert fireplace 5-10 Manual Natural X X Insert fireplace + IIary air 5-10 Manual Natural X 

Direct heating appliances

Fireplace Insert fireplace + IIary air 5-10 Manual Natural X 

Closed fireplace 5-15 Manual Natural X X Closed fireplace + IIary air 5-15 Manual Natural X 

Cooker Traditional cooker 5-15 Manual Natural X X 

Advanced cooker 5-15 Manual Natural X 

Stove

Slow heat release stove 2-7 Manual Natural X Kachelofen 2-7 Manual Natural X X Traditional stove 6-10 Manual Natural X X Modern stove 6-10 Manual Natural X Continuous burning stove 6-10 Manual Natural X X Advanced stove 6-10 Manual Natural Pellet stove 5-15 Automatic Forced 
Task 4: Tech

Production 

Indirect heating appliances

Boiler Output [kW] Fuel supply Draft Iary air IIary air 

<50 kW

Conventional overfeed 10-50 Manual Natural X X Conventional + Iary air 10-50 Manual Natural X 

Conventional + IIary air 10-50 Manual Forced 

Advanced gravity feed 10-50 Manual Natural X 

Advanced gravity feed + Iiary 15-50 Manual Forced Downdraught gasifying 15-50 Manual Forced Downdraught gasifying 15-50 Manual Forced Stoker 15-50 Auto. Forced Push-down 15-50 Auto. Forced 

Pellet 15-50 Auto. Forced 

> 50 kW

Advanced gravity feed 50-100 Manual Natural X 

Advanced gravity feed + IIary 50-250 Manual Forced 

Conventional + IIary air 50-300 Manual Forced 

Downdraught gasifying 50-250 Manual Forced 

Underfeed stoker 50-500 Auto. Forced 

Pellet boiler 50-500 Auto. Forced Overfeed stoker moving grate 300-500 Auto. Forced Underfeed rotating grate 300-500 Auto. Forced 
Task 4: Tech

Production 

Bill of materials

Bill of materials

 >90% steel or cast iron Refractory materials Electronics

Data gaps

 Solid mineral fuel appliances Boilers 50-500 kW output
Task 4: Tech

Distribution 

SCIs <50kW

 Volume typically ≥ 1m

3

 Cooking products have the largest volumes

SCIs >50kW

 No questionnaire replies Data from product data sheets
Emissions – direct heating appliances (DIN+) – not used for L

Task 4: Tech

Use phase 

Appliance Configuration 

Number of 

responses Standard Effi- ciency CO PM NOx as NO2 V

O

 % g/GJ g/GJ g/GJ g

Closed 

No secondary air 2 EN 13229 DIN+ 76 859 18 23 With secondary air 15 EN 13229 DIN+ 75.9 1000 41 123 Manual EN 13229 

Closed 

Fireplaces

Manual primary and secondary air 

16 EN 13229 DIN+ 75.8 963 36 116 

Automatic primary and secondary air 

2 EN 13229 DIN+ 80 1031 n.d. 138 

Cookers 

Manual primary air 4 EN 12815 DIN+ 72 1186 65 129 

Automatic primary air 2 EN 12815 DIN+ 71.5 1933 69 138 

Stoves 

No secondary air 4 EN 13240 DIN+ 76 859 16 80 

With secondary air 25 EN 13240 DIN+ 76.8 952 25 125 Manual primary air 27 EN 13240 DIN+ 77 936 42 120 Automatic primary air 1 EN 13240 DIN+ 76.8 952 25 125 
Task 4: Tech

Use phase 

Emissions – indirect heating appliances (EN 303-5) - not used 

Biomass boilers, Austrian data

Average Range Average Range Average Range A

% % g/GJ g/GJ g/GJ g/GJ 

Conventional manual boiler <50kW EN-303-5 34 90.9 82.3 - 99.6 324.9 46 - 1548 17 4 - 52 Automatic boiler < 50kW EN-303-5 120 89.1 84.3 - 93.8 409 10 - 807 15 7 - 23 

Efficiency

Standard Num- ber CO PM 

Appliance

Biomass boilers

Automatic boiler < 50kW EN-303-5 120 89.1 84.3 - 93.8 409 10 - 807 15 7 - 23 Automatic wood chips boiler < 50kW EN-303-5 120 82.2 86.6 - 95.3 177.9 11 - 1077 27.5 9 - 60 Manual boiler >50kW EN-303-5 91.7 90.6 - 93.6 80.3 31 - 191 19 10 - 31 Automatic wood chips boiler > 50kW EN-303-5 91.8 87.6 - 95 117 6 - 235 29 5 - 44 n.d.: no data

Average Range Average Range Average Range 

% % g/GJ g/GJ g/GJ g/GJ 

Conventional manual boiler <50kW EN-303-5 4 88.6 86.4 - 90.1 76.8 72 - 82 16 14 - 17 Automatic wood chips boiler < 50kW EN-303-5 4 90.4 87.3 - 91.8 43.5 2 - 66 17.3 9 - 25 Manual boiler >50kW EN-303-5 2 91.0 90.6 - 91.3 74.5 29 - 120 15.5 10 - 21 Automatic wood chips boiler > 50kW EN-303-5 4 91.4 90.5 - 91.8 38.3 8 - 75 21.5 15 - 29 n.d.: no data

Appliance Standard Num- ber Efficiency CO PM
Task 4: Tech

Use phase 

Emissions – indirect heating appliances (EN 303-5) – not used 

Coal-fuelled boilers, Polish data

Average Range Average Range Average Range A

% % g/GJ g/GJ g/GJ g/GJ 

Appliance Standard Number

Efficiency CO PM 

% % g/GJ g/GJ g/GJ g/GJ 

Conventional manual boiler <50kW EN-303-5 8 81.2 n.d. 1338 n.d. 70.2 n.d. Automatic boiler < 50kW EN-303-5 10 85.3 n.d. 257.1 n.d. 48.2 n.d. Manual recirpocal feed boiler >50kW EN-303-5 1 86.1 88.4 30.0 Automatic retort boiler > 50kW EN-303-5 84.2 81.2 -86.5 152.1 85.7 - 225 34.8 21.4 - 56.3 n.d.: no data
Task 4: Tech

Use phase 

System impacts

Use of accumulator tanksProportion of incorrectly sized appliancesAnnual efficiency/climateBuilt environment
Any questions?

www.ecosolidfuel.org

Bio Intelligence Service (Tel: +33 1 53 90 11 80

Shailendra Mudgal (shailendra.mudgal@biois.com

Anne Turbé (anne.turbe@biois.com)

Thanks!

Anne Turbé (anne.turbe@biois.com)

Nathalie Roy (nathalie.roy@biois.com)

Ian Kuwahara (ian.kuwahara@biois.com) 

AEA Energy and Environment

Robert Stewart (Robert.Stewart@aeat.co.uk)

ITT

Krystyna Kubica (Krystyna.Kubica@polsl.pl)

Robert Kubica (Robert.Kubica@polsl.pl)
Task 5: Ba

Task 5: Base Cases
Task 5 – Base Cases

1. Definition of base cases2. Methodology for estimating emission inventories

Agenda

3. Environmental impacts4. Life cycle costs5. EU Totals6. Stakeholder Comments
Task 5: Bas

Aim:

 Define the base case products which represent the Europea Define the base case products which represent the Europea Establish a method for representing the emissions of produc

information 

 Estimate the life cycle emissions and life cycle costs of Europ Distinguish life cycle phases which have greater impacts
Base Case 1 – Open Fireplaces

• Power: 15 kW• Efficiency: 15%• Fuel: Wood logs 

Task 5: BaDefinition
Base Case 2 – Closed Fireplaces

• Power: 10 kW• Efficiency: 55%• Fuel: Wood logs 

Task 5: BaDefinition

Lignite
Base Case 3 – Traditional Cooker

• Power: 10 kW• Efficiency: 55%• Fuel: Wood logs 

Task 5: BaDefinition

Lignite
Base Case 4 – Traditional Stove

• Power: 8 kW• Efficiency: 45%• Fuel: Wood logs 

Lignite

Task 5: BaDefinition
Base Case 5 – Modern Stove

• Power: 8 kW• Efficiency: 60%• Fuel: Wood logs 

Lignite

Task 5: BaDefinition
Base Case 6 – Small Manual Boiler

• Power: 25 kW• Efficiency: 70%• Fuel: Wood logs 

Task 5: BaDefinition

Lignite
Base Case 7 – Small Automatic Boilers

• Power: 25 kW• Efficiency: 75%• Fuel: Other minerals

Pellets 

Task 5: BaDefinition
Base Case 8 – Medium Automatic Boilers

• Power: 100 kW• Efficiency: 85%• Fuel: Chips

Task 5: BaDefinition

Lignite
Problem of solid fuel SCI emissions

 Large variations of emission types from products No good source of comprehensive data for our study Emissions are difficult to predict

Task 5: BaEmissions 
Task 5: Ba

Emissions 
Methodology to derive the emission inventories

1. Ecoinvent fuel inventories extracted2. Calculation of the indicators per fuel type3. MEEuP factors applied 

Task 5: BaEmissions 

4. Fuel inventories compiled for Lot15 5. Calculation of the appliance factor6. Table 2 x Table 3 (Fuel type with appliance)
Ecoinvent inventory example (wood logs burned in stove):

199 Acenaphthene Air kg 1,87E-18200 Acetaldehyde Air kg 1,23E-09201 Acetic acid Air kg 8,63E-10202 Acrolein Air kg 1,08E-15203 Aldehydes, unspecified Air kg 7,94E-15204 Aluminum Air kg 5,35E-08205 Ammonia Air kg 3,52E-08

Task 5: BaEmissions 

205 Ammonia Air kg 3,52E-08206 Antimony Air kg 2,80E-14207 Arsenic Air kg 1,69E-13208 Barium Air kg 7,88E-20209 Benzal chloride Air kg 1,37E-19210 Benzene Air kg 1,33E-10211 Benzene, hexachloro- Air kg 2,60E-13212 Benzo(a)pyrene Air kg 6,35E-11213 Beryllium Air kg 4,20E-14214 Boron Air kg 4,55E-19215 Bromine Air kg 3,79E-19216 Butadiene Air kg 4,82E-16217 Butane Air kg 1,96E-12218 Cadmium Air kg 5,74E-12219 Carbon dioxide, biogenic Air kg 2,78E-07220 Carbon dioxide, fossil Air kg 0,00102302221 Carbon disulfide Air kg 2,54E-20222 Carbon monoxide, biogenic Air kg 1,88E-06223 Carbon monoxide, fossil Air kg 7,14E-06

Many more ...
Fuel Type GER

Nonhazsolid

Waste

Global 

Warming

Pot.

Acid Pot. VOC POP 

MJ g kg CO2eq g SO2eq mg ng i-Teq 

Fuel emission inventories - per GJ of fuel

Task 5: BaEmissions 

MJ g kg CO2eq g SO2eq mg ng i-Teq 

Lignite briquettes 1645 2400 182 489 358 103 

Hard coal briquettes 1139 3100 140 784 577 589 

Anthracite raw 1085 1800 130 607 424 193 

Wood logs 1097 560 55 442 21 121 

Wood pellets 1285 238 30 284 25 307 

Wood chips 1135 488 38 329 13 158 
Fuel Type GER Non haz waste GWP Acid Pot. VOC POP Heav

Meta

MJ g kg CO2eq g SO2eq mg ng i-Teq mg Ni 

Lignite 

Fuel emission inventories - per GJ of useful heat delivered

Task 5: Ba

Emissions 

briquettes 3657 5333 404 1087 795 228 851 

Hard Coal 

briquettes 2531 6889 311 1742 1282 1309 135

Anthracite 

raw

2412 4000 290 1348 942 429 369 

Wood logs 2439 1244 123 982 47 269 102 

Wood pellets 2856 529 67 632 55 682 132 

Wood chips 2522 1084 85 731 30 350 112 
DIN+ and EN-303-5 data for appliance factor

Base Case Efficiency PM CO 

(mg/m3) (mg/m3) 

BC 1 Open fireplaces 15 575 21750 

BC 2 Closed fireplaces 55 105 11750 

Task 5: BaEmissions 

BC 2 Closed fireplaces 55 105 11750 BC 3 Traditional cooker 55 150 14000 BC 4 Traditional stoves 45 105 9500 BC 5 Modern stoves 60 105 9500 BC 6 Small conventional, overfire, manual air control 70 154 1882 BC 7 Small automatic, overfire, forced air 80 68 568 BC 8 Medium automatic, underfire, forced air 85 68 568 
Assumptions for appliance factor: 

 GER: the normalised efficiency from the base cases PM: the normalised DIN value  VOC: the normalised OGC value

Task 5: BaEmissions 

 Non-haz waste, Acid Pot. Heavy Metals, POP and P GWP: estimated as the weighed average of the GE

and CO emissions. CO is given a weight of 10% bacomparison of CO and CO2 emissions for fuels in E
GER Non haz

waste

GWP Acid Pot. VOC POP Heavy Metals PAH 

Open 

fireplaces 3.00 3.00 2.93 3.00 2.57 3.00 3.00 3.00 

Closed 

fireplaces 0.82 0.82 0.86 0.82 1.00 0.82 0.82 0.82 

Task 5: BaEmissions 

Traditional 

cooker 0.82 0.82 0.88 0.82 1.71 0.82 0.82 0.82 

Traditional 

stoves

1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 

Modern 

Stove

0.75 0.75 0.77 0.75 1.00 0.75 0.75 0.75 

Boiler Man 

<50kW 0.64 0.64 0.60 0.64 0.26 0.64 0.64 0.64 

Boiler Auto 

<50kW 0.56 0.56 0.51 0.56 0.07 0.56 0.56 0.56 

Boiler Auto 

>50kW 0.53 0.53 0.48 0.53 0.12 0.53 0.53 0.53 
Emission inventories for base cases of Lot 15

Task 5: BaEmissions 

Appliance Name Fuel Type GER

Non 

haz

waste

GWP Acid Pot. VOC POP 

MJ g kg CO2eq g SO2eq mg ng i

Teq 

BC1 - Open fireplace Wood logs 7317 3733 360 2946 121 807 

BC2 - Closed fireplace Wood logs 1995 1018 106 804 47 220 

BC2 - Closed fireplace Lignite 2992 4364 347 890 795 187 BC2 - Closed fireplace Lignite 2992 4364 347 890 795 187 

BC3 - cooker Wood logs 1995 1018 109 804 81 220 BC3 - cooker Hard coal 2992 4364 357 890 1362 187 

BC4 - Traditional stove Wood logs 2439 1244 123 982 47 269 

BC4 - Traditional stove Lignite 3657 5333 404 1087 795 228 

BC5 – Modern stove Wood logs 1829 933 95 737 47 202 

BC5- Modern stove Anthracite 1809 3000 224 1011 942 322 

BC6 - Small manual boiler Wood logs 1568 800 74 631 12 173 

BC6 – Small manual boiler Lignite 2351 3429 242 699 204 147 

BC7 - Small automatic boiler Hard coal 1423 3875 159 980 87 736 BC7 - Small automatic boiler Pellets 1607 298 35 356 4 384 

BC8 - Med automatic boiler Chips 1335 574 41 387 4 185 

BC8 - Med automatic boiler Pellets 1512 280 33 335 7 361 
Task 5: Ba

Emissions 
Environmental impacts

UNIT Open fireplaces Closed fireplaces Traditional cookers Traditional stoves Mode

stove

Wood 

logs

Wood 

logs Wood logs Wood logs Woo

log

Resources UseTotal Energy (GER) PJ 266,81 278,37 59,62 318,26 148,of which, electricity TWh 0,01 0,17 0,12 0,03 0,5Water (process)* mln.m3 0,03 0,21 0,05 0,12 1,4

Task 5: BaEnvironme

Water (process)* mln.m3 0,03 0,21 0,05 0,12 1,4Waste, non-haz./ landfill* kton 152,28 240,94 136,68 189,07 554,Waste, hazardous/ incinerated* kton 0,01 0,21 0,02 0,01 0,1Emissions (Air)Greenhouse Gases in GWP100 mt CO2eq. 1,52 1,87 0,62 1,83 2,9Acidifying agents (AP) kt SO2eq. 35,38 37,56 8,44 42,09 24,0Volatile Org. Compounds (VOC) kt 4,41 6,49 2,26 6,14 3,3Persistent Org. Pollutants (POP) g i-Teq. 29,54 31,84 7,81 35,38 21,7Heavy Metals (HM) ton Ni eq. 11,24 20,73 6,76 14,89 29,1PAHs ton Ni eq. 69,42 71,58 14,47 82,80 31,4Particulate Matter (PM, dust) kt 32,44 40,47 9,18 38,40 63,2Emissions (Water)Heavy Metals (HM) ton Hg/20 0,04 0,28 0,24 0,08 1,3Eutrophication (EP) kt PO4 0,00 0,05 0,02 0,01 0,1
40%

50%60%70%80%90%

100%

Total Life Cycle Impact per Category

Trad. Stove with wood logs: BC4 FT4

Task 5: BaEnvironme

0%

10%20%30%

40%

Total Energy (GER)

of which, electricity (in 

primary MJ) 

Water (process)

Waste, non-haz./ landfill

Waste, hazardous/ 

incinerated

Greenhouse Gases in 

GWP100

Acidification, emissions

Volatile Organic Compounds 

(VOC)

g

(POP)

Total Life Cycle Impact per Category

End-of-LifeUseDistributionManufacturingMaterial
Energy use by life cycle phase in Europe

All life cycle phases ...within 

Task 5: BaEnvironme

Materials

0.8%

Manufacturing

0.2%

Distribution

0.5%

End of Life

0.0% Fuel Processing and 

Transportation

7%

Electricty at

Appliance

0.1%

Use

98,4%
Sources of life cycle costs for base cases

Open 

fireplaces

Closed

fireplaces

Trad

cookers

Trad

stoves

Modern 

stoves

S

ma

bo

UNIT Wood logs Wood logs Wood logs Wood logs Wood logs W

l

Task 5: BaLife Cycle 

UNIT logs logs logs logs logs l

Product price EUR 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 3Installation/ acquisition costs EUR 700 700 500 500 700 1Fuel (gas, oil, wood) EUR 2877 2119 890 3409 1251 6Electricity EUR 0 0 0 0 0 1Repair and manteinance cost EUR 420 468 383 403 497 8Totals EUR 5997 5287 3773 6312 4449 12
EU totals for difference costs of Lot 15 appliances

Fuel costs

57%

Electricity 

costs

0.30%

Task 5: Ba

Life Cycle 

Total LCC for solid fuel appliances: 27,7 bln EUR

Appliance 

purchase

27%

Installation 

costs

9%

57%

Repair and 

maintenanc

7%
Mineral fuelled appliances – EU total

Task 5: BaLife Cycle 

Total LCC for mineral appliances: 8,8 bln EUR 
Biomass fuelled appliances – EU totals

Task 5: BaLife Cycle 

Total LCC for biomass appliances: 18,9 bln EUR 
Specific stakeholder comments: 

 Where does life cycle cost data come from Base case definitions should be included in 

analyse market data specific to each base 

Task 5: Ba

Stakehold

 Chimney influences are not considered in T

are very important for improving efficiency
Task 6: BA

Task 6 – Technical analysis of B

for Solid Fuel Small Combu

Installations

Lot 15 final stakeholder meeting

European Commission, Brussels

July 13th, 2009

Robert Kubica, Institute of Thermal Technology
Task 6

The scope:

Description and technical analysis of Best Available TechnoBest Not yet Available Technology (BNAT) either at product or c

BAT: A technology, which leads to minimised environmenBAT: A technology, which leads to minimised environmentechnical solution is already available on the market or the tehas at least been demonstrated already and can be implemyears.BNAT: Technology, which leads to further minimisation 

impacts, but is still in the research & development phase anoption / trend (5-10 years).
Task 6

Improveme

Primary options: 

Improvement of the process efficiency;

 combustion chamber,  burner , improvement of the heat exchange (to air, water, and for cooking).

Rearrangement of the combustion process leading to emission decrease,

 combustion chamber, 

 low emission burner.

Development of programmable system;

 primary control loops, that maximise the efficiency of the heat production: reducing fuel con

environmental performance (including lambda probes)combustion chamber.

Secondary options:

Emission abatement techniques like catalysts, PM removal devices (ESDevelopment of programmable system - master control loops, that mthe heat delivered according to the external environment: reducing ovReduction of the Direct Energy Consumption (fans, feeders etc.)
Task 6

Data Sourc

The scope of questionnaire query

 Public data  Questionnaire query

Improvement approachHistorical improvementsBAT/BNAT at the Product Level

 Short term improvement, Long term improvement.

BAT/BNAT at the Component Level

 Short term improvement, Long term improvement.

Alternative technologies. 
Task 6

BAT Produc

Closed fireplaces / fireplaces inserts

Key components/features:

 primary and secondary air distribution and control, natural draught control, fan assistance for indirect heat exchange, combustion chamber with ceramic lining,  catalytic afterburning (only few products on the market), secondary abatement measure – e.g. electrostatic precipitator.

Best performing product parameters:

Parameter Unit 

Best 

performance 

% change to BC2 

minimum(**)

Energy efficiency, (NCV) % 84 +53 Emission of CO* mg/m3 700 -88 Emission of PM* (unabated) mg/m3 40 -56 Emission of NOx mg/m3 100 -50 Emission of OGC* mg/m3 70 -65 

when catalytic post-combustion is employed CO emissions can be significantly lower down to 350 mg/m3. A slight improvement 

emissions which may reach 80 mg/m3.

(**) when compared to BC1 minimum values, the following changes are considered (Efficiency +560; CO -88; PM -73; NOx -50; OG
Task 6

BAT Produc

Advanced cookers

Key components/features:

 primary and secondary air distribution and control, combustion chamber with ceramic lining,  natural draught control, catalytic afterburning,  optional boiler for indirect heating, secondary abatement measure – e.g. ESP.

Best performing product parameters:

* In case of PM the further improvement can be achieved by means of secondary abatement measures like ESPs – having 50-90removal, in relation to unabated emissions

Parameter Unit 

Best 

performance 

% change to BC3 

minimum 

Energy efficiency, (NCV) % 79 +44 Emission of CO* mg/m3 1800 -78 Emission of PM* (unabated) mg/m3 90 -10 Emission of NOx mg/m3 190 -5 Emission of OGC* mg/m3 110 -63 
Task 6

BAT Produc

Advanced stoves, log wood

Key components/features:

 primary and secondary air distribution and control,  combustion chamber with ceramic lining,  natural draught control,  fan assisted direct heat exchange advanced control loop (draught control according to temp. and flow rate of flue gase catalytic afterburning,  optional boiler for indirect heating, secondary abatement measure – e.g. ESP.

Best performing product parameters:

* when catalytic post-combustion employed CO emission can be significantly lower down to 350 mg/m3, either the PM emission mg/m3 a slight improvement is also reached in case of OGC emission which may reach 40 mg/m3.In case of PM the further improvement can be achieved by means of secondary abatement measures like ESPs – having 50-90% 

in relation to unabated emissions.(**) when compared to BC5 minimum values, the following changes are considered (Efficiency +24; CO -85; PM -33; NOx -45; OG

Parameter Unit 

Best 

performance 

% change to BC4 

minimum(**) 

Energy efficiency, (NCV) % 84 +87 Emission of CO* mg/m3 600 -85 Emission of PM* (unabated) mg/m3 60 -33 Emission of NOx mg/m3 110 -45 Emission of OGC* mg/m3 80 -60 
Task 6

BAT Produc

Pellet stoves

Key components/features:

 primary and secondary air distribution and control, combustion chamber with ceramic lining,  fan assisted draught, fan assistance for indirect heat exchange, advanced control system (with lambda probe), internal recirculation, catalytic afterburning, automatic fuel feed, automatic ash removal, optional boiler for indirect heating, secondary abatement measure – e.g. ESP.

Best performing product parameters:

* In case of PM tmeans of second50-90% efficiencunabated emissi(**) when compachanges are consNOx -50; OGC -9

Parameter Unit 

Best 

performance 

% change to BC4 

minimum(**) 

Energy efficiency, (NCV) % 94 +109 Emission of CO* mg/m3 20 -99.5 Emission of PM* (unabated) mg/m3 6 -93 Emission of NOx mg/m3 100 -50 Emission of OGC* mg/m3 1.5 -99 
Task 6

BAT Produc

Downdraught boilers

Key components/features:

 primary and secondary air distribution and control, combustion chamber with ceramic lining,  fan assisted draught,  advanced combustion management (with lambda and CO probes, weather and room  catalytic afterburning, efficient boiler for indirect heating (with option for secondary heat exchanger enablin

heat of condensation), 

 secondary abatement measure – e.g. ESP.

Best performing product parameters:

* In case of PM the further improvement can be achieved by means of secondary abatement measures like ESPs – having 50-90removal, in relation to unabated emissions.

Parameter Unit 

Best 

performance 

% change to BC6

Energy efficiency, (NCV) % 92 +31 Emission of CO* mg/m3 100 -95 Emission of PM* (unabated) mg/m3 90 -42 Emission of NOx mg/m3 20 -78 Emission of OGC* mg/m3 4 -96 
Task 6

BAT Produc

Pellet boiler

Key components/features:

 primary and secondary air distribution and control, combustion chamber with ceramic lining,  fan assisted draught, advanced combustion management (with lambda probe, weath doubled heat exchanger, with boiler water and system water- enabling efficient opera internal recirculation, catalytic afterburning, automatic fuel feed, automatic ash removal, efficient boiler for indirect heating (with option for secondary heat exchanger enablin

heat of condensation), 

 low heat losses through the side outer surfaces - heat recovery by means of combus automatic boiler cleaning, secondary abatement measure – e.g. ESP.
Task 6

BAT Produc

Pellet boiler

Best performing product parameters:

Parameter Unit 

Best 

performance

% change to 

BC6(**)

* In case of PM the further improvement can be achieved by means of secondary abatement measures like ESPs – having 50-90removal, in relation to unabated emissions.(**) when compared to BC7 values, the following changes are considered (Efficiency +18; CO -95; PM -85; NOx -57; OGC -94)

performance BC6(**)

Energy efficiency, (NCV) % 94 +34 Emission of CO* mg/m3 30 -98 Emission of PM* (unabated) mg/m3 10 -94 Emission of Nox mg/m3 90 -17 Emission of OGC* mg/m3 1.5 -98 
Task 6

BAT Produc

Pellet/wood chips boiler

Key components/features:

 primary and secondary air distribution and control, combustion chamber with ceramic lining,  fan assisted draught,  advanced control system (with lambda and CO probes, weather and room temp. con internal recirculation, catalytic afterburning, automatic fuel feed,  automatic ash removal, efficient boiler for indirect heating (with option for secondary heat exchanger enablin

heat of condensation), 

 doubled heat exchanger, with boiler water and system water- enabling efficient opera low heat losses through the side outer surfaces - heat recovery by means of combus automatic boiler cleaning, secondary abatement measure – e.g. ESP.
Task 6

BAT Produc

Pellet/wood chips boiler

Best performing product parameters:

Parameter Unit 

Best 

performance

% change to BC8 

* In case of PM the further improvement can be achieved by means of secondary abatement measures like ESPs – having 50-90removal, in relation to unabated emissions.

performance

Energy efficiency, (NCV) % 92 +8 Emission of CO* mg/m3 30 -95 Emission of PM* (unabated) mg/m3 20 -85 Emission of NOx mg/m3 90 -57 Emission of OGC* mg/m3 1.5 -94 
Task 6

BAT Produc

Downdraught boilers (gasifying boiler) > 50 kW

Key components/features:

 primary and secondary air distribution and control, combustion chamber with ceramic lining,  fan assisted draught,  advanced control system (with lambda and CO probes, weather and room temp. con secondary abatement measure – e.g. ESP. internal recirculation, combustion intensification by enhanced turbulence in the comb combustion chamber with ceramic lining,  catalytic afterburning, automatic ash removal, efficient boiler for indirect heating (with option for secondary heat exchanger enablin

heat of condensation), 

 low heat losses through the side outer surfaces - heat recovery by means of combus automatic boiler cleaning,
Task 6

BAT Produc

Downdraught boilers (gasifying boiler) > 50 kW

Best performing product parameters:

Parameter Unit

Best % change to BC8

For boilers fuelled with lignite/young hard or non-caking coal efficiency can reach 84% whereas emissions can be the following: NOx (220 mg/m3), OGC (70 mg/m3)* In case of PM the further improvement can be achieved by means of secondary abatement measures like ESPs – having 50-90removal, in relation to unabated emissions.

Parameter Unit

Best 

performance 

% change to BC8

Energy efficiency, (NCV) % 92 +8 Emission of CO* mg/m3 100 -82 Emission of PM* (unabated) mg/m3 20 -71 Emission of NOx mg/m3 90 -57 Emission of OGC* mg/m3 4 -83 
Task 6

BAT Produc

Coal stoker boiler

Key components/features:

 primary and secondary air distribution and control, combustion chamber with ceramic lining, and ceramic catalyst deflectors fan assisted draught,  advanced control system (with lambda and CO probes, weather and room temp. con secondary abatement measure – e.g. ESP.automatic ash removal, efficient boiler for indirect heating, low heat losses through the side outer surfaces - heat recovery by means of combus
Task 6

BAT Produc

Coal stoker boiler

Best performing product parameters:

Parameter Unit 

Best 

performance 

% change to BC8 

* In case of PM the further improvement can be achieved by means of secondary abatement measures like ESPs – having 50-90removal, in relation to unabated emissions.

Energy efficiency, (NCV) % 89 +5 Emission of CO* mg/m3 90 -84 Emission of PM* (unabated) mg/m3 40 -41 Emission of NOx mg/m3 210 +1 Emission of OGC* mg/m3 10 -58 
Task 6

BNAT Produ

Summary for BAT at product level

Code BAT_PL 1 2 3 4 5 6 

Product 

Closed fireplace 

& insert 

Advanced cooker 

Advanced stove 

Pellet stove 

Pellet boiler 

Pellet/Chips 

bil

Energy & 

Environmental 

performance 

Efficiency % 84 79 84 94 94 92 ECO 

mg/m3 

700 1800 600 20 30 30 

ENOx 70 190 110 100 90 90 EPM 40 90 60 6 10 20 EOGC 100 110 80 1,5 1,5 1,5 El. Consumpt. Wh/kWpow.outp. 2 4 4 2 

BOM 

Total 

kg 

300 170 195 150 300 30

Steel 98 153 171 132 285 28Cast ironCeramics 28 16 23 17 4,5 4,5 Glass 1 1 1 1 1 Electronics 

Costs Purchase € 1935 2995 1938 2652 6816 681
Task 6

BNAT Produ

Thermoelectric generatorsThermoelectric generators (TEGs) allow the direct conversion opower to a certain extent. The TEG receives heat at high tempeheat at a lower temperature while generating electricity. TEGs as intelligent heat exchangers which refine some of the excelectricity.

Figure. The principle of TEG operation
Task 6

BAT, Compo

Draught control, draught limiter

Energy & Environmenta

Efficiency ECO ENOx 

% change 

5 -5 -5 

BOM, kg 

Total Steel Cast iron Ce

1,5 1,5 

Purchase cost

130 
Task 6

BAT, Compo

Draught control, chimney fans

Energy & Environmental performance 

Efficiency ECO ENOx EPM EOGC El. consumpt.

% change Wh/kWpow.outp.

5 -5 -5 -5 -5 1 

BOM, kg 

Total Steel Cast iron Ceramics Glass Electronics 

3 3 

Purchase costs, €

960 
Task 6

BAT, Compo

Stove regulator

Components:

 supply-air damper, to regulate the supply of fresh air for the combustion 

 draught regulator, that opens when the draught in the chimney becomes too 

strong

 optional chimney fan, to counteract a weak chimney draught and to operate in 

the heat-up phase if needed

 radio module, to control the extractor hood and turn it off if necessary

Energy & Environmental performance 

Efficiency ECO ENOx EPM EOGC El. consumpt.

% change Wh/kWpow.outp.

5 -5 -5 -5 -5 1 

BOM, kg 

Total Steel Cast iron Ceramics Glass Electronics 

9 8 1 

Purchase costs, €

2380 
Task 6

BAT, Compo

Heat storage

Energy & Environmental performance (bulk ceramic accumulators/water accumulators)

Efficiency ECO ENOx EPM EOGC El. consumpt.

% change Wh/kWpow.outp.

1/2 - - - - 1 

BOM, kg (ceramic accumulators/water accumulators)

Total Steel Cast iron Ceramics Glass Electronics 

108/20 8/20 100/0 

Purchase costs, € (bulk ceramic accumulators/water accumulators)

500/2500 
Task 6

BAT, Compo

After treatment - ESPs

Energy & Environmental performance 

Efficiency ECO ENOx EPM EOGC El. consumpt.

% change Wh/kW% change Wh/kWpow.outp.

- - - -(50-90) - 2 

BOM, kg 

Total Steel Cast iron Ceramics Glass Electronics 

5 4 1-2 

Purchase costs, €

1500 
Task 6

BAT, Compo

After treatment – Fabric filters

Energy & Environmental performance 

Efficiency ECO ENOx EPM EOGC El. consumpt.

% change Wh/kWpow.outp.

- - - -(90-95) - 5 

BOM, kg

Total Steel Cast iron Ceramics Glass Electronics 

4 4 

Purchase costs, €

1000 
Task 6

BAT, Compo

After treatment – Hiegh efficiency cyclones

Energy & Environmental performance 

Efficiency ECO ENOx EPM EOGC El. consumpt.

% change Wh/kWpow.outp. - - - -80 - 1

- - - -80 - 1 BOM, kg Total Steel Cast iron Ceramics Glass Electronics 4 4 Purchase costs, € 700 
Task 6

BAT, Compo

After treatment – Oxidation catalyst

Carbon Monoxide CO + 1⁄2 O2 → CO2Hydrocarbons CmHn + (m + n/4) O2 → m CO2 + n/2 H2O

Hydrogen H2 + 1⁄2 O2 → H2OThe operating temperature window of oxidation catalyst is between 240°C – 520°C. The

available to reduce emissions of CO and VOC.

NOx CO NMVOC VOC PAHs Non 70-99% 40-90% 60-99% 60-99% 

available to reduce emissions of CO and VOC.
Task 6

BAT, Compo

Other components, no retrofitting

 Heat exchange, heat recovery 

 ceramic lining of the combustion chamber condensation heat recovery Three-layer heat exchanger

 Self cleaning, ash removal

 self cleaning heat exchanger ash removal

 Burners/grates

 stepped grate self-cleaning bowl burner rotary grate

 Advanced combustion controls

 weather conditions, room temperature control lambda sensors
Task 6

BAT, Compo

Summary for BAT at component level

Code BAT_PL 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 

Product 

Draught control 

Stove regulator 

Fan assisted direct heat 

exchange 

Fan assisted draught 

Boiler/heat storage 

Air staging and control 

Lambda probe control 

Unburnt sensor - CO (lambda 

Efficiency

change

5 5 5 5 2 2 1 2 

E -5 -5 -5 -5 -10 -2

Energy & Environmental 

performance 

% change ECO -5 -5 -5 -5 -10 -2

ENOx EPM -5 -5 -5 -5 EOGC -5 -5 -5 El. consumpt. 

kW/kWpow.outp 1 1 1 

BOM 

Total 

kg 

1,5 9 2 3 160 1 

Steel 1,5 8 2 3 160 1 Cast iron Ceramics Glass Electronics 1 

Costs Purchase 

€ 130 2380 700 960 2500 
Task 6

BNAT, Com

Combustion control, CO probes

CO probes use may result in the following benefits: Higher efficiency – lower fuel costs Higher fuel flexibility – probably lower fuel costs Higher availability - “compensate” ash slagging Warning system – bad combustion
Task 6

BNAT, Com

Combustion control, fuzzy logic

The artificial neural networks provide effective learning methods and speed whereas fuzzy set theory allows working with ill-defined data in an effective present the learnt information in more human understandable form.
Task 6

BNAT, Com

After treatment, volatiles condensation

Under condensation conditions an acidic dew point will be observed, hensolutions should be used, like graphite heat exchangers. The use of such result in an additional heat recovery of 8 to 15% in case of wood combproduce a low flow resistance, resulting in a low pressure drop (beseparation efficiency, in case of wood fuels ranges between 25 and 40%.
Task 6

BNAT, Com

After treatment, wet ESPs

The flue leaving the boiler encounters a dispersed (sprayed) water beforehand charged with electrostatic load (a high voltage discharge) in However the use of a support media which can be water produces somsuccessive separation of dust sludge from circulating water is then nsignificantly complicate the use of such solution, increasing also the oreported efficiency of ESP wet scrubber is around 50%.reported efficiency of ESP wet scrubber is around 50%.
Task 6

BAT, Outsid

Markets

 Norway and Switzerland  North America Australia and New Zealand Japan

“thin bed cross-flow” (TBCF)
Task 6

Questionna

31,91%

21,28%

27,66%

19,15%

Why do you impro

To comply with To obtain certifTo answer to cOther reasons

31,58%

36,84%

21,05%

10,53%

Which key development area do you focus on?

Options for emission reduction (e.g. abatement techniques, burners, catalysts, fuel additives).Options to improve the combustion (e.g. optimisation, air distribution)Options to achieve a lower energy consumption (e.g. of fuel and electricity)Other reasons
Task 6

Questionna

Market share changes for different appliances
Task 7: Improvement Options
Task 7 – Improvement Potential

1. Definition of improvement options2. Environmental impacts3. Life cycle costs

Task 7

4. Results5. Summary6. Next steps
Task 7: Imp

Definition o

Aim:

 Evaluate the options for improvement in terms of reduced en

and life cycle costs

 Establish the key products or product groups which will be us

« Implementation » in terms of: « Implementation » in terms of:  Best Available Technology Improvements Lowest Life Cycle Cost Improvements
Advanced heat 

transfer

Improved air 

distribution / 

combustion 

chamber

Lambda 

Probe

Draught 

limiter

Stove 

regulator

Fan assisted 

draught

Fan assisted 

direct heat 

exchange

Catalyst 

C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 

BC1 - Open fireplace  

Component option

Combustion Management Draught control 

Task 7: ImpDefinition o

BC2 - Closed fireplace       

BC3 - Cooker   

BC4 - Traditional stove       

BC5 - Modern stove -      

BC6 - Manual boiler 

<50kW -      

BC7 - Automatic boiler 

<50kW -      

BC8 - Automatic boiler 

100kW -      
Product cases

Advanced closed fireplace/fireplace insert P1

Advanced cooker P2

Advanced stove P3

Task 7: ImpDefinition o

Pellet stove P4

Downdraught manual boiler <50kW P5

Pellet boiler P6

Wood chips boiler >50kW P7

Downdraught/gasifying boiler >50kW P8
Characteristics of product cases

Product Cases

Combustion Management

Draught co

Improved air 

distribution / 

combustion 

chamber

Lambda probe 

Advanced closed P1 

Task 7: ImpDefinition o

Advanced closed 

fireplace/fireplace insert P1 

Advanced cooker P2 

Advanced stove P3 

Pellet stove P4 

Downdraught manual boiler 

<50kW P5 

Pellet boiler P6 

Wood chips boiler >50kW P7 

Downdraught/gasifying boiler 

>50kW P8 
Product cases comparable to base cases

Product case BC1 BC2 BC3 BC4 BC5 BC6 BC

Advanced closed fireplace / 

fireplace insert P1 

Advanced cooker P2 

Task 7: ImpDefinition o

Advanced stove P3 

Pellet stove P4 

Downdraught manual boiler 

<50kW P5 

Pellet boiler P6 

Wood chips boiler >50 kW P7 

Downdraught / gasifying boiler

>50 kW P8 
BC1 C3 C6 BAT P1

ResourcesGER MJ 581841 552934 554246 65531Elec.

Environmental impacts 

Base case 1 – open fireplace given as example with two componoptions and product case for comparison

Task 7: ImpEnvironmen

Elec. MJ 119 138 1390 1264Water L 36 36 119 22Waste, haz. g 315954 303912 308089 210259Waste, nh g 12 12 40 12AirGWP kg CO2eq. 3167 3009 3083 745AP g SO2 eq. 76790 73004 73339 9198VOC g 9627 8667 9148 585

ng i-Teq 64298 61145 61196 9370

Hma mg Ni eq. 24374 23183 23219 3477PAH mg Ni eq. 151798 144211 144214 15541PM g 67575 61377 64412 8429WaterHMw mg Hg/20 47 52 65 353EP g PO4 1 1 1 7
Improvement potential and least life cycle cost

Open fireplace example for GER

Task 7: ImpBase Case 1 

Overalowest lowest 
Improvement potential and least life cycle cost

Open fireplace example for PM

600070008000

607080

Lower consu

Task 7: ImpBase Case 1 

010002000300040005000

0

1020304050

Open 

fireplace

w draught 

limiter

w forced 

convection

w both Fireplace 

insert

LCC (EUR)

PM (kg)

Particulate Matter (PM, dust) Totals

consuPM
Improvement potential and least life cycle cost

Open fireplace example for GWP 100

70008000

3.003.50 Lower 

= lowe

Task 7: ImpBase Case 1 

0

100020003000400050006000

0.000.501.001.502.002.50

Open 

fireplace

w draught 

limiter

w forced 

convection

w both Fireplace 

insert

t CO2 eq.

LCC (EUR)

GWP100 Totals

= loweFew ‘tbetweemissi
 Large energy savings potential

 Large PM savings potential

Task 7: ImpResults

 Large life cycle costs savings potential
Next Steps

Next steps (BIO Consortium) Revise the Draft task reports 1-7 Build various scenarios until 2020 and analyse policy options ( Fall 2009 – Final Report to the EC (including Task 8) and public

http://www.ecosolidfuel.org

Task 7: ImpNext steps

Next steps (to be carried out by the Commission) Impact Assessment and Draft Implementing Measure (IM) dev (when the industry comes forward with a voluntary proposal t

consideration rather than proceeding to a mandatory approac

 First Draft IM sent for discussion with stakeholders at the Con Revised draft of IM to Regulatory Committee for adoption by 

by a Regulatory Committee of Member States (inter-service cnotification, finalisation)

 Adoption by Commission (translation and written procedure) 
Thank you for your kind atten

www.ecosolidfuel.com

Bio Intelligence Service 

(Tel: +33 (0)1 53 90 11 80)

Shailendra Mudgal (shailendra.mudgal@biois.com)

Anne Turbé (anne.turbe@biois.com)

Task 7: Imp

Sanaée Iyama (sanaee.iyama@biois.com)

Nathalie Roy (nathalie.roy@biois.com)

Ian Kuwahara (ian.kuwahara@biois.com)

AEA Energy and EnvironmentRobert Stewart (Robert.Stewart@aeat.co.uk)ITTKrystyna Kubica (Krystyna.Kubica@polsl.pl)

Robert Kubica (Robert.Kubica@polsl.pl)