# Patent

## Title
Systems and compositions for color stabilization of polymer

## Abstract

Systems and compositions have a three component antioxidant blend for extending color and clarity of a thermoplastic polymer. The antioxidant blend includes a zinc dithiocarbamate, a phenolic and a thioether with a weight ratio range of about 1-2:1-2:1-2. A loading level of the antioxidant blend is from about 0.01 wt. % to about 1 wt. % of the systems and compositions.

## Background
This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 61/073,262, filed Jun. 17, 2008.


FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present disclosure relates to systems and compositions for color stabilization of polymer. More specifically, the present disclosure relates to systems and compositions which include an antioxidant blend for improving color and/or heat stability of the polymer and/or for preventing polymer degradation. The antioxidant blend may extend the color and clarity of a thermoplastic polymer exposed to elevated temperatures for a period of time. The antioxidant blend comprises a three component blend to prevent discoloring of the thermoplastic polymer during exposure to the elevated temperatures for the period of time.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RELATED ART
It is generally known that polymer compositions degrade during preparation of and/or use of the polymer compositions. Stabilizers and oxidation inhibitors are added to the polymer compositions to prevent or reduce degradation of the polymer compositions during the preparation and use of the polymer compositions. Often, combinations of supplementary materials, such as stabilizers and/or oxidation inhibitors, are added to the polymer compositions to protect the compositions from this degradation.
For example, supplementary materials, such as, hindered phenols, organo-metallic compounds, aromatic amines and sulfur compounds are added to compositions to prevent against degradation of the compositions. These supplementary materials added to polymer compositions have traditionally included, for example, benzothiazoles, such as 2-(dialkyl-hydroxybenzyl-thio)benzothiazoles, esters of hydroxybenzyl alcohols, such as benzoates, phthalates, stearates, adipates or acrylates of 3,5-dialkyl-1-hydroxy-benzyl alcohols, stannous phenyl catecholates, zinc dialkyl dithiocarbamates, alkyl phenols, such as 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methyl phenol, and dilaurylthio-dipropionate (DLTDP). Typically, about 0.01 percent to about 5.0 percent by weight of one or more supplementary materials is generally added to a polymer composition.
Alternatively, stabilizing systems have been added to polymer and/or polyolefin compositions to prevent oxidative breakdown thereof which include primary antioxidants, secondary antioxidants, metal deactivators, acid acceptors, synergists, anti-static agents, nucleating additives, ultraviolet stabilizers, amines, metals or metal salts, and mineral oils or synthetic hydrocarbon oils. The primary antioxidants include higher molecular weight phenolic-type additives and the secondary antioxidants include phosphorus containing additives, hydroxyl amines, or lower molecular weight phenolic-type additives.
However, use of these stabilizer blends with polymer compositions still often result in substantial discolor or degradation of the polymer compositions either during the preparation of and/or use of the polymer compositions. Thus, these known stabilizers and inhibitors do not effectively suppress oxidation reaction in the polymer compositions, thus leading to discoloration.
Additionally, it is known that a stabilizer blend is added to thermoplastic resins to prevent the thermoplastic resins from degradation caused by contacting metals included in wire and cable applications. The stabilizer blend includes one or more metal dithiocarbamate salts, sterically hindered phenols, 2,2′-oxamidobis{ethyl-3-(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate}, 1,2-bis(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyhydrocinnamoyl)hydrazine, metallic copper, metallic cobalt, and/or metallic manganese.
More specifically, it is known that zinc di-lower alkyldithiocarbamate, such as zinc dibutyldithiocarbamate may be added to a polymer composition to for a thermoplastic heat-stable composition. Antioxidant compositions having aralkyl-substituted diarylamine and sterically hindered phenol have been added to polymer compositions to stabilize the polymer compositions against oxidative degradation.
Other antioxidants that have been typically added to a polymer composition include metal dithiocarbamate salts antioxidant, amine antioxidant, sterically hindered phenolic antioxidant, thiodialkylene bis-(3,5-dialkyl-4-hydroxy)hydrocinnamate antioxidant, a thioether antioxidant, N,N′-alkylene bis-(3,5-dialkyl-4-hydroxy)hydrocinnamamide antioxidant, para-substituted aralkyl-substituted diphenylamine antioxidant, a para-phenylenediamine antioxidant, a polymerized dihydroquinoline antioxidant, a sulfur antioxidant, O,O-dialkyl-3,5-dialkyl-4-hydroxybenzyl phosphonate antioxidant, oxamidobis alkyl (3,5)-dialkyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate antioxidant, N,N′-substituted oxamide antioxidant, or [3-(3,5-dialkyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionamido]alkyl stearate antioxidant.
A need, therefore, exists for systems and compositions for color stabilization of polymer. Additionally, a need exists for systems and compositions for color stabilization of polymer which may provide an antioxidant blend to improve color and heat stability of the polymer and/or to prevent degradation of the polymer. Further, a need exists for systems and compositions for color stabilization of polymer which reduces oxidation and discoloring of the polymer during exposure to elevated temperatures for a period of time. Still further, a need exists for systems and compositions for color stabilization of polymer which stabilizes polypropylene throughout a heating period to an elevated temperature of about 150° C.
SUMMARY
Systems and compositions may include a three component antioxidant blend for extending color and clarity of a thermoplastic polymer. The antioxidant blend may have a zinc dithiocarbamate, a phenolic and a thioether with a weight ratio range of about 1-2:1-2:1-2. A loading level of the antioxidant blend may be from about 0.01 wt. % to about 1 wt. % of a total polymer composition.
To this end, in an embodiment of the present invention, an antioxidant additive for stabilization of polymers is provided. The antioxidant may include a zinc dithiocarbamate, a phenolic, and a thioether.
The zinc dithiocarbamate may be, for example, zinc dibutyl dithiocarbamate, zinc diamyldithiocarbamate or piperidinium pentamethylene dithiocarbamate.
The phenolic may be tetrakis[methylene(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyhydrocinnamate)methane, thiodiethylene bis[3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate], octadecyl-3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate, N,N′-hexamethylenebis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyhydrocinnamamide), iso-octyl-3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate, 2,2′-ethylidenebis(4,6-di-tert-butylphenol), triethylene glycol-bis-3-(3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)propionate, tris-(3,5-di-tert-butylhydroxybenzyl)isocyanurate, and 4,4′-thiobis(6-tert-butyl-m-cresol).
The thioether may be distearyl thiodiproprionate, lauryl stearyl thiodipropionate, dilauryl 3,3′-thiodipropionate or pentaerythrityl tetrakis(3-laurylthiopropionate).
The phenolic:thioether:zinc dithiocarbamate blend may have a weight ratio range of about 1-2:1-2:1-2.
In a preferred embodiment, the phenolic:thioether:zinc dithiocarbamate blend may have a weight ratio of about 1:2:1.
In another embodiment, a polypropylene composition is provided. The polypropylene composition includes the inventive antioxidant additive at about 0.1% to about 1% weight of a total polypropylene composition.
It is, therefore, an advantage of the present disclosure to provide systems and compositions for color stabilization of polymer which may improve color and/or heat stability of the polymer and prevent polymer degradation.
Another advantage of the present disclosure is to provide systems and compositions for color stabilization of polymer which may extend color and clarity of the polymer and prevent discoloring of the polymer during exposure to elevated temperatures for a period of time.
A further advantage of the present disclosure is to provide systems and compositions for color stabilization of polymer which may terminate free radicals in the polymer and reduce thermally induced oxidation of the polymer.
Moreover, an advantage of the present disclosure is to provide systems and compositions for color stabilization of polymer which may provide a ternary antioxidant blend that exhibits greater longevity and color stabilization than conventional binary antioxidant blends.
And, another advantage of the present disclosure is to provide systems and compositions for color stabilization of polymer which may provide a ternary antioxidant blend having a unique synergy when compared to other combinations of antioxidants.
Yet another advantage of the present disclosure is to provide systems and compositions for color stabilization of polymer which may provide a ternary antioxidant blend including a zinc dithiocarbamate, a phenolic and a thioether.
Additional features and advantages of the present disclosure are described in, and will be apparent from, the detailed description of the presently preferred embodiments and from the drawings.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 illustrates a graph of delta E values verses hours for a conventional binary antioxidant blend and a ternary antioxidant blend in accordance with the present disclosure;
FIG. 2 illustrates a graph of delta E differences verses hours for antioxidant blends in accordance with the present disclosure;
FIG. 3 illustrates a graph of delta E values verses hours for ternary antioxidant blends in accordance with the present disclosure; and
FIG. 4 illustrates a graph of hours to failure values verses average delta E values for ternary antioxidant blends in accordance with the present disclosure.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The systems and compositions may comprise a ternary antioxidant blend including a zinc dithiocarbamate, a phenolic and a thioether. The antioxidant blend may terminate free radicals in the thermoplastic polymer and/or may reduce thermally induced oxidation of thermoplastic polymers exposed to high temperature applications.
The zinc dithiocarbamate may be zinc dibutyl dithiocarbamate, such as, for example, BUTYL ZIMATE® (hereinafter “BZ”) available from R. T. Vanderbilt Company, Inc. of Nowalk, Conn. In other embodiments, the zinc dithiocarbamate may be, for example, zinc diamyldithiocarbamate or piperidinium pentamethylene dithiocarbamate.
The phenolic may be tetrakis[methylene(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyhydrocinnamate)methane, such as IRGANOX® 1010 (hereinafter “1010”) available from Ciba Specialty Chemicals Corporation. In other embodiments, the phenolic may be, for example, thiodiethylene bis[3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate], octadecyl-3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate, N,N′-hexamethylenebis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyhydrocinnamamide), iso-octyl-3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate, 2,2′-ethylidenebis(4,6-di-tert-butylphenol), triethylene glycol-bis-3-(3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)propionate, tris-(3,5-di-tert-butylhydroxybenzyl)isocyanurate, and 4,4′-thiobis(6-tert-butyl-m-cresol).
The thioether may be distearyl thiodiproprionate (hereinafter “DSTDP”), lauryl stearyl thiodipropionate (hereinafter “LSTDP”), dilauryl 3,3′-thiodipropionate (hereinafter “LTDP”) or pentaerythrityl tetrakis(3-laurylthiopropionate) (hereinafter “PETLTP”).
The invention comprises a three component antioxidant blend of zinc dithiocarbamate:phenolic, e.g., thioether 1010:DSTDP:BZ and having a weight ratio range of about 1-2:1-2:1-2. In a preferred embodiment, the weight ratio for the blend may be about 1:2:1. The loading level of the three component antioxidant blend as part of a total polypropylene composition may be from about 0.1 wt. % to about 1 wt. % of the total polypropylene composition.
In embodiments, the three component antioxidant blend may be dry blended and combined for extruding via an extruder. The extrusion of the three component antioxidant blend may be pressed into one or more sheets for heat aging.
While each component is a known antioxidant, the combination represented in the antioxidant blend offers a unique synergy compared with other combinations exemplified in TABLE 1. TABLE 1 illustrates brightimeter color readings (L, a, b) and delta E difference values for antioxidant blends in accordance with the present disclosure. TABLE 2 illustrates brightimeter color readings (L, a, b) and delta E difference values for a conventional binary antioxidant blend and a ternary antioxidant blend in accordance with the present disclosure. TABLE 3 illustrates average delta E differences over intervals for antioxidant blends in accordance with the present disclosure. TABLE 4 illustrates brightimeter color readings (L, a, b) and delta E difference values for ternary antioxidant blends in accordance with the present disclosure.








TABLE 1








Compound Number

















C25




C4R
C5R
C23
Irganox




Irganox
Irganox
Irganox
1010



C3R
1010
1010
1010
(.127 g)



Irganox
(.2 g)
(.2 g)
(.2 g)
DSTDP



1010
TDBP
BZ
DSTDP
(.146 g) BZ



(.4 g)
(.2 g)
(.2 g)
(.231 g)
(.127 g)















Unaged







Brightness
61.25
61.86
60.55
63.60
64.27


L
80.71
81.05
80.43
81.98
82.36


A
.41
.36
.49
.54
.61


B
3.78
3.80
3.18
3.42
3.42


24 Hours







Brightness
61.01
61.19
59.91
64.02
64.60


L
80.71
80.72
79.53
82.52
82.72


A
.16
.29
.57
.18
−.10


B
3.84
3.50
3.37
3.75
3.48


Delta E
0.26
0.45
0.92
0.73
0.39


96 Hours







Brightness
59.37
61.73
59.14
61.94
62.03


L
79.79
81.08
79.40
81.31
80.98


A
.42
.28
.40
.48
.61


B
4.19
3.73
3.83
4.01
3.51


Delta E
1.01
0.11
1.22
0.89
1.01


120 Hours







Brightness
59.01
62.07
59.01
61.92
61.63


L
79.45
81.09
79.03
81.56
80.72


A
.41
.30
.64
.43
.68


B
4.06
3.60
3.51
4.24
3.48


Delta E
1.29
0.21
1.45
0.83
1.27


192 Hours







Brightness
59.48
62.15
61.74
60.91
62.61


L
79.92
81.53
80.90
80.88
81.55


A
.34
.24
.68
.51
.80


B
4.36
4.05
3.60
4.45
3.45


Delta E
0.98
0.55
0.66
1.51
0.50


288 Hours







Brightness
60.52
61.52
61.78
61.50
63.11


L
80.93
81.38
81.32
81.68
81.74


A
.11
.21
.15
.13
.55


B
4.56
4.64
4.27
5.18
3.86


Delta E
0.86
0.91
1.45
1.83
0.50


408 Hours







Brightness
60.10
59.73
57.60
58.81
61.78


L
80.67
80.86
78.64
80.77
80.87


A
−.17
−.01
.43
−.12
.79


B
5.02
5.58
4.43
6.19
3.69


Delta E
1.37
1.83
2.18
3.09
1.17


432 Hours







Brightness
57.66
58.26
56.46
57.63
61.91


L
79.61
79.91
78.02
79.96
80.98


A
.12
.03
.21
−.04
.52


B
5.61
5.49
4.43
6.18
3.66


Delta E
2.15
2.07
2.73
3.47
1.03


504 Hours







Brightness
56.08
57.72
58.49
56.27
62.47


L
79.12
79.93
79.70
79.75
81.47


A
−.40
−.32
.23
−.36
.42


B
6.45
6.13
4.94
7.11
3.77


Delta E
3.21
2.67
1.92
4.40
0.63


672 Hours







Brightness
54.73
58.90
59.97
53.97
62.64


L
79.03
81.18
81.22
79.36
81.72


A
−.56
−.40
−.12
−.64
.44


B
7.59
6.81
5.85
8.98
4.01


Delta E
4.28
3.11
2.85
6.26
0.65


696 Hours







Brightness
55.15
55.49
53.96
51.38
60.09


L
79.59
79.65
77.68
77.88
80.50


A
−.67
−.67
−.25
−.61
.65


B
7.96
7.71
6.46
9.07
4.70


Delta E
4.46
4.28
4.34
7.07
1.96


744 Hours







Brightness
56.18
56.09
56.84
53.94
61.54


L
79.88
80.08
79.89
79.71
81.25


A
−.60
−.65
−.15
−.76
.37


B
7.45
7.74
6.74
9.19
4.40


Delta E
3.90
4.18
3.66
6.34
1.23


840 Hours


Failure




Brightness
55.29
56.07
4.08
51.72
60.13


L
80.21
80.28
43.30
79.36
80.61


A
−.85
−.89
18.23
−.88
.78


B
8.74
8.13
23.78
10.86
4.62


Delta E
5.14
4.57
46.02
8.01
1.84


1008

Failure

Failure



Hours







Brightness
52.44
25.02

23.38
57.24


L
78.66
70.66

75.40
79.78


A
−1.05
1.87

2.83
.30


B
9.25
25.65

31.95
6.17


Delta E
6.02
24.24

29.37
3.53


1200
Failure






Hours







Brightness
36.32



57.90


L
80.49



80.32


A
−1.12



.15


B
25.87



6.46


Delta E
22.14



3.49


1224




Failure


Hours







Brightness




55.15


L




81.77


A




−1.50


B




10.81


Delta E




7.67


















TABLE 2








Compound




Number













C33





1010




C23
(.1 g)




1010
DSTDP




(.2 g)
(.2 g)




DSTDP
BZ
Delta E



(.23 1 g)
(.1 g)
difference















Unexposed






Brightness
68.80
66.13




L
83.67
82.55




a
−.46
−.48




b
1.33
2.04
—



168 Hours






Brightness
65.76
64.69




L
82.04
82.19




a
−.31
−.59




b
1.72
2.83




Delta E
1.68
0.88
0.8



336 Hours






Brightness
64.90
62.34




L
81.73
79.85




a
−.36
−.06




b
2.02
1.59




Delta E
2.06
2.77
−0.71



504 Hours






Brightness
65.64
63.91




L
82.20
80.97




a
−.35
−.20




b
2.02
1.80




Delta E
1.63
1.62
0.01



672 Hours






Brightness
65.75
65.10




L
82.15
81.76




a
−.50
−.34




b
1.91
1.85




Delta E
1.63
0.82
0.81



840 Hours






Brightness
65.39
64.04




L
82.09
81.33




a
−.51
−.44




b
2.18
2.21




Delta E
1.79
1.23
0.56



1008 Hrs.






Brightness
64.72
65.12




L
82.00
81.81




a
−.64
−.39




b
2.64
1.94




Delta E
2.13
0.75
1.38



1104 Hours






Brightness
63.62
61.42




L
81.61
80.00




A.
−.75
−.33




B
3.01
2.65




Delta E
2.34
0.49
1.85



1248 Hrs






Brightness
63.44
65.81




L
81.82
82.30




a
−.92
−.50




b
3.53
2.05




Delta E
2.91
0.25
2.66



1344 Hrs.






Brightness
62.61
63.15




L
81.47
80.91




a
−.95
−.45




b
3.79
2.43




Delta E
3.34
0.83
2.51



1440 Hrs.






Brightness
60.71
60.70




L
80.99
80.10




a
−1.28
−.70




b
4.84
3.47




Delta E
4.49
1.93
2.56



1512 Hrs.






Brightness
60.77
60.50




L
81.55
80.02




a
−1.46
−.79




b
5.61
3.57




Delta E
4.88
2.97
1.91



1680 Hrs.






Brightness
57.45
56.79




L
79.50
79.21




a
−1.65
−1.18




b
5.75
5.86




Delta E
6.19
5.12
1.07



1738 Hrs.
1696





Brightness
58.88
62.04




L
81.06
81.36




a
−1.64
−1.01




b
6.53
4.15




Delta E
5.94
2.48
3.46



1848 Hrs






Brightness

62.45




L

81.60




a

−.95




b

4.09




Delta E

2.31




2040 Hrs






Brightness

47.22




L

81.13




a

−2.73




b

16.97




Delta E

15.17


















TABLE 3






Approximate Cumulative



Entry
Hours
Average delta E difference







1
  0-1000
0.23


2
1000-2000
2.20





















TABLE 4







C32
C33
C34
C35




1010
1010
1010
1010



150 C.
(.2 g)
(.1 g)
(.1 g)
(.133 g)



Brightimeter
DSTDP
DSTDP
DSTDP
DSTDP



Color
(.1 g)
(.2 g)
(.1 g)
(.133 g)



Readings (L,
BZ
BZ
BZ
BZ



a, b)
(.1 g)
(.1 g)
(.2 g)
(.133 g)





















Unexposed







Brightness
59.34
66.13
60.83
61.30



L
79.53
82.55
80.35
80.31



a
.59
−.48
.40
.72



b
4.09
2.04
3.68
3.46



168 Hours
1.41

2.34
1.94



Brightness
57.56
64.69
58.30
57.68



L
78.15
82.19
78.22
78.40



a
.34
−.59
1.07
.72



b
3.94
2.83
2.97
3.79



Delta E
1.41
0.88
2.34
1.94



336 Hours







Brightness
59.97
62.34
58.59
58.11



L
78.55
79.85
78.57
78.39



a
−1.27
−.06
.60
1.00



b
5.01
1.59
3.14
3.18



Delta E
2.29
2.77
1.87
1.96



504 Hours







Brightness
56.91
63.91
57.89
56.74



L
77.95
80.97
77.51
77.48



a
.70
−.20
1.35
.72



b
4.12
1.80
3.34
3.18



Delta E
1.58
1.62
3.01
2.84



672 Hours







Brightness
58.90
65.10
57.60
54.74



L
79.60
81.76
78.02
76.06



a
−.00
−.34
.85
1.06



b
4.54
1.85
3.55
3.22



Delta E
0.75
0.82
2.38
4.27



840 Hours







Brightness
53.70
64.04
57.01
56.24



L
77.10
81.33
77.93
77.09



a
.12
−.44
.76
.76



b
3.42
2.21
3.95
3.49



Delta E
2.56
1.23
2.46
3.22



1008 Hrs.







Brightness
56.86
65.12
54.72
57.34



L
78.59
81.81
76.13
78.12



a
.35
−.39
.98
.79



b
5.59
1.94
3.55
3.74



Delta E
1.79
0.75
4.26
2.21



1104 Hours







Brightness
54.54
61.42
57.15
57.65



L
77.08
80.00
78.30
78.41



A
.88
−.33
.61
.75



B
5.73
2.65
3.08
4.06



Delta E
2.96
0.49
2.15
1.99



1248 Hrs.







Brightness
54.24
65.81
57.13
55.98



L
77.49
82.30
78.18
77.59



a
−.27
−.50
.43
.47



b
7.10
2.05
4.17
4.31



Delta E
3.74
0.25
2.22
2.86



1344 Hrs.







Brightness
54.44
63.15
56.82
58.47



L
77.92
80.91
78.14
79.46



a
.05
−.45
.27
.45



b
6.53
2.43
4.26
4.65



Delta E
2.97
0.83
2.29
1.49



1440 Hrs.







Brightness
54.86
60.70
57.13
54.16



L
78.30
80.10
77.95
76.99



a
.08
−.70
.32
.53



b
6.75
3.47
3.45
5.03



Delta E
2.97
1.93
2.41
3.68



1512 Hrs.


1360 Hrs




Brightness
52.89
60.50

54.34



L
77.62
80.02

76.96



a
−.92
−.79

.22



b
7.15
3.57

5.27



Delta E
3.91
2.97

3.84



1680 Hrs.







Brightness
18.59
56.79

55.03



L
70.27
79.21

77.46



a
6.26
−1.18

−.01



b
31.33
5.86

5.30



Delta E
29.32
5.12

3.47




(1572 Hrs)






1738 Hrs.







Brightness

62.04

52.82



L

81.36

75.78



a

−1.01

.06



b

4.15

4.40



Delta E

2.48

4.67



1848 Hrs







Brightness

62.45

44.78



L

81.60

82.12



a

−.95

−2.46



b

4.09

20.29



Delta E

2.31

17.22







(1836 Hrs)



2040 Hrs







Brightness

47.22





L

81.13





a

−2.73





b

16.97





Delta E

15.17









Delta E values and Brightimeter color readings (L, a, b) collected for compounded [PRESSED GROUND RODS] polypropylene specimens heated in an oven at 150° C. illustrate that the ternary antioxidant blend may stabilize polypropylene throughout the heating period (see TABLE 1). Additionally, use of the ternary blend may provide better color stabilization.
A ternary antioxidant blend 1010/DSTDP/BZ (1/2/1) was compared with a conventional binary antioxidant blend 1010/DSTDP (1/1) (see TABLE 2). The ternary antioxidant blend exhibited both greater longevity (longer endpoint to failure) and color stabilization (lower delta E) than the binary antioxidant blend. As shown in FIG. 1, the ternary antioxidant blend also exhibits lower Delta E values when compared to the conventional binary antioxidant blend over time.
An interesting trend further supports the observation of improved stabilization. If the delta E data for the ternary antioxidant blend is averaged over intervals of the heating period, the binary antioxidant blend degrades more rapidly when compared to the ternary antioxidant blend (see TABLE 3, FIG. 2). In embodiments, under 1,000 hours the two blends perform similarly (having a delta E difference of about 0.23 units) but over 1000 hours to the endpoint of 2000 hours, a ten fold increase in the average delta E difference develops such that the average delta is about 2.2 units.
In other examples, the difference between the two delta E values increases over the heat age period indicating a greater color deterioration for the binary antioxidant blend. If the situation is reversed, graphing would show a negative deflection, which was observed in one measurement, such as at 336 hours with delta E difference of about −0.71 units. However, despite this single measurement, the overall trend showed faster degradation of the standard additive package as evidenced by the positive growing delta difference.
A series of tests illustrate a performance comparison of various ternary antioxidant component ratios while demonstrating that all within the claimed ratio range provide excellent overall results (see TABLE 4, FIG. 3). To summarize, the results indicate that the C33 blend, which is enriched in DSTDP, performed best in length of protection and maintaining the lowest average delta E and lowest discoloration throughout the runs. The results plotting end point or failure versus average delta E, more easily show the relative performance of each blend (see FIG. 4).
The most desirable or ideal performance profile should preferably exhibit a maximum number of hours to failure and a minimum average delta E value. In embodiments, a preferred blend may be a ternary antioxidant blend included in FIG. 4 which exhibits a low average delta E and a high time to failure, such as the C33 blend enriched in DSTDP.
The ternary antioxidant blend C25 exhibits superior color development suppression in heat exposed polypropylene over the exposure period with longer suppression when compared to competitive blends C3R, C4R, C5R and C23. As a result, the ternary antioxidant blend of the present invention may provide better thermal stability than conventional blends such as single primary antioxidants or blends with conventional secondary antioxidants, as shown is TABLES 1-4 and FIGS. 1-4.
It will be appreciated that various of the above-disclosed and other features and functions, or alternatives thereof, may be desirably combined into many other different systems or applications. Also, various presently unforeseen or unanticipated alternatives, modifications, variations or improvements therein may be subsequently made by those skilled in the art, and are also intended to be encompassed by the following claims.

## Claims

1. An antioxidant additive for stabilization of polymers comprising:
(a) an antioxidant fraction consisting of
tetrakis[methylene(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyhydrocinnamate)methane, and
distearyl thiodiproprionate, and


(b) a zinc-containing compound, comprising zinc dithiocarbamate, wherein the tetrakis:distearyl thiodiproprionate:zinc dithiocarbamate blend has a weight ratio of about 1:2:1.

2. The antioxidant additive according to claim 1, wherein the zinc dithiocarbamate is zinc dibutyl dithiocarbamate.

3. The antioxidant additive according to claim 1, wherein the zinc dithiocarbamate is zinc diamyldithiocarbamate or piperidinium pentamethylene dithiocarbamate.

4. A polymer composition, comprising:
a polymer package comprising a polypropylene and about 0.1% to about 1% of an additive package comprising
(a) an antioxidant fraction consisting of

tetrakis[methylene(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyhydrocinnamate)methane, and
distearyl thiodiproprionate, and
(b) a zinc-containing compound, comprising zinc dithiocarbamate, wherein the tetrakis:distearyl thiodiproprionate:zinc dithiocarbamate blend has a weight ratio of about 1:2:1.

5. The composition according to claim 4, wherein the additive is present at about 0.2%.

6. The composition according to claim 4, wherein the zinc dithiocarbamate is zinc dibutyl dithiocarbamate.

7. The composition according to claim 5, wherein the zinc dithiocarbamate is zinc dibutyl dithiocarbamate.

8. The composition according to claim 4, wherein the polymer package consists essentially of polypropylene.