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United States Office Of Air Quality EPA-454/N-94-028

Environmental Protection Planning And Standards Volume V, No. 4

Agency Research Triangle Park, NC 27711 Fall 1994

THE CHIEF N E W S L E T T E R

— THE CLEARINGHOUSE FOR INVENTORIES AND EMISSION FACTORS —

UNECE TASK FORCE ON EMISSION INVENTORIES

The Task Force On Emission Inventories, chartered under the United Nations Economic Commission For Europe

(UNECE), met in Regensburg, Germany, May 31 through

June 3. J. David Mobley, Chief of the Emission Inventory

Branch, represented the Environmental Protection Agency

(EPA). The meeting was attended by 85 people representing 22 countries and 6 international organizations.

The meeting was led very effectively by Harald Dovland

of Norway and Gordon McInnes of the European Environment Agency. The primary purpose of the meeting was to

review the status of the Guidebook For Developing Emission Inventories In The UNECE. The review, as well as the

preparation of the Guidebook, was accomplished by nine expert panels which addressed the following topics: strategic

overview; volatile organic compounds; persistent organic

compounds and heavy metals; ammonia; mobile sources;

power plants and industrial sources; marine sources; verification; and emission projections.

Long-term action items for the Verification Expert Panel

intended to redraft the Verification Chapter of the Guidebook by the end of the summer and to finalize both it and the

companion report by the end of the year. In addition to definition issues, another activity will be to review and evaluate

the various qualitative indicators of uncertainty and to propose one or more indicators for use in the Guidebook. The

EPA concept on the Data Attributes Rating System was received with some interest but also with concern about its

complexity.

The Projections Expert Panel was incorporated into the

Task Force for the first time at this meeting. This blend

should be beneficial to all parties, as the activities between

the group are closely linked under the UNECE. However,

the emission inventory community tends to be technologybased, whereas the projections community tends to be based

on economic indicators. The complexity and necessity of

dealing with both approaches were recognized, which should

facilitate resolution.

The Organization For Economic Cooperation And Development (OECD) and the Intergovernmental Panel On Climate

Control (IPCC) have issued a workbook series on Greenhouse

Gas Emission Inventories. Harmonizing UNECE and OECD/

IPCC approaches will be a major difficulty over the next year.

Since EPA has significant input and influence in both groups,

it is assumed that our procedures and results will be compatible, but this issue is likely to grow bigger and bigger in the

future as EPA, UNECE, and IPCC methods are all refined simultaneously.

 The next meeting is tentatively scheduled for Oslo, Norway the week of June 12, 1995, in hopes of completing the

Guidebook and other Task Force activities. Overall, the meeting was productive and has proven that this cooperative effort

in devising guidelines for emission inventories is worthwhile

both to the Europeans and to the United States.

This May Be Your LAST ISSUE! See page 11 for details.

The Emission Inventory:

Applications And Improvement

International Conference And Courses

— Raleigh, NC —

Conference: November 1-3, 1994

Courses: October 31, 1994

Sponsored by:

Air & Waste Management Association and

 U. S. Environmental Protection Agency

For more information,

contact the A&WMA Registrar

at (412) 232-3444.
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PUBLIC/PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS — A NEW WAY OF DOING BUSINESS

Historically, AP-42 emission factors have been developed

almost completely within EPA. This development can best be

characterized as an information scavenging process. Individuals responsible for AP-42 emission factor development

would keep track of EPA emission testing activities. The data

generated would then be massaged into a form that allowed

for the generation of an emission factor.

In most cases, an emission factor for a source category

was developed following the development of a New Source

Performance Standard or a National Emission Standard For

Hazardous Air Pollutants for that source category. Other activities which led to factor development included research and

development of improved emissions control equipment. There

was a good possibility that the test data which were gathered

was biased toward the better controlled facilities, or at least

toward those facilities which controlled their emission most

effectively. Also, the interval between the emission tests and

when the revised factor was developed could exceed five years.

In a few cases, even after standard development activity, there

was no usable emissions information with which to develop

scientifically based emission factors. This was because the

supporting information for the compliance method for the standard had been visible emissions, an equipment standard, or

some other non-emissions based protocol.

In some cases, EPA undertook a test program specifically

to develop emission factors. For the most part, such were

exceptions since these test programs consume a lot of resources

(personnel time and agency money). As an exception, much

of the particulate size distribution in the current AP-42 is because of this type of test program. More recently, such a specific program was undertaken for the development of emission factors for a number of sources in the wood products industry. Emission factors for a broad range of pollutants from

this industry will soon be appearing in AP-42.

For a number of reasons, the climate between industry

and government is changing. The 1990 Clean Air Act

Amendments (CAAA) have changed the landscape such that

high or low emission estimations can have adverse effects on

industry. A complete review and update of AP-42, required

by the CAAA periodically, precipitates the need for continuous

evaluation and improvement of the new and existing factors

in AP-42.

This improved climate between EPA and industry has led

to a number of partnerships with a primary goal being the

development of good scientifically based information. This

new information becomes the basis of better emission factors,

which are trusted by both the members of industry and members of federal, state and local air pollution control agencies.

There are already several examples of successful public/private partnerships which have produced new and substantially

revised AP-42 sections for source categories. (Cont. on p. 3)

Hot Mix Asphalt

In 1991, the Emission Inventory Branch (EIB) began discussions with members of the National Asphalt Pavement Association (NAPA) concerning the development of revised emission factors for certain groups of pollutants believed to be

emitted from Hot Mix Asphalt Plants (previously called Asphalt Concrete Plants). Criteria pollutants included CO, SO2,

NOX, hydrocarbons, and the condensible and PM-10 portions

of particulate matter. Hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) included polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, formaldehyde, benzene, toluene, xylene, and ethyl benzene. The technical committee of NAPA met often with EPA's Emission Factor And

Methodologies Section (EFMS) to discuss both the pollutants

to be quantified and the facilities to be tested for these pollutants. As a result, nine facilities were selected for emission

testing. Two facilities were tested by EFMS for a more comprehensive range of pollutants, and seven facilities were tested

by NAPA for a more focused list of pollutants. EFMS evaluated all of the test reports and compiled the information into a

revised AP-42 section, with a background report. The section

draft was made available to NAPA and others for review.

NAPA provided comments on the section's descriptions of facility types and as a result, the entire process description was

rewritten to give a clearer, more extensive picture of the variety among the processes used in this industry. The new AP42 section has been placed on the CHIEF Bulletin Board System (BBS) and it will be included in the first supplement of

the AP-42 Fifth Edition. Almost 200 emission factors are

included in the 25-page section covering three process types,

multiple control technology, and many criteria and noncriteria

pollutants. Contrast this to the fewer than 30 emission factors

in the previous 18-page section that it replaced.

Stone

Also in 1991, we renewed discussions with the National

Stone Association concerning the estimates of PM, PM-10

and TSP emission factors for the Crushed Stone Processing

industry. The industry was concerned that data used in the

past to estimate crushed stone processing emissions were derived from atypical processes using old and now questionable

test methods. Meetings were held to discuss collecting emission information with refined testing procedures, and at facilities that truly represented the industry. A series of test

programs was designed to quantify emissions from crushing,

screening, and conveyor transfer points. EFMS sponsored

and paid for four emission tests and NSA sponsored eight

emission tests with EPA oversight and quality assurance.

The tests covered the crushing of granite and limestone (the

two major rock types processed), the screening of these two

rock types and the conveyor transfer points. The twelve
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(Cont. from p. 2)

tests were analyzed and a revised final AP-42 section was

placed on the CHIEF BBS in June and will appear in the

Fifth Edition. There are now about 30 emission factors in

this revised section compared to the four factors that were in

its’ predecessor. We are continuing discussions to develop

more emission data on material transfer (pile formation),

haul roads and other crushing and screening operations.

Bricks

In 1992, we met with the brick manufacturing industry

about their concerns over the AP-42 emission factors for fluoride from kilns and particulate from raw material processing.

EPA was also concerned with the lack of PM-10 emission factors, since it appeared that this source category might be a

significant source of total particulate in PM-10 nonattainment

areas. Testing priorities were determined, and EFMS then

sponsored three comprehensive test programs at facilities representing the major kiln types used in the industry. The industry sponsored eight additional tests for hydrogen fluoride

emissions and developed a methodology to perform a mass

balance on fluoride to produce conservative estimates of hydrogen fluoride emissions. The emission tests are being assembled for further evaluation and development of a revised

AP-42 section, expected to be available for the first supplement to the Fifth Edition of AP-42.

Fiberglass & Mineral Wool

In 1992, another example of production partnership occurred when the North American Insulation Manufacturers

Association (NAIMA), representing the Wool Fiberglass and

Mineral Wool source categories, were concerned about the age

of emission factors in AP-42, given that their industry had

undergone changes in technology. They were also concerned

about the tests that supported the formaldehyde factors, because of issues raised over the old test method. In addition,

this industry was one of the first selected for regulatory development under Title III of the CAAA. Our discussions with

this industry focused on not only pollutants to be quantified

but also test methods and control technology suitable to the

best controlled facilities. EPA sponsored three tests to characterize mineral wool manufacturing and wool fiberglass

manufacturing, and the industry sponsored six focused tests

on both typical facilities and facilities with the better control

technology. The test data will be available to EPA for emission factor development over the next year.

Other industries with which EPA is working include petroleum refining, oil and gas production, plastics manufacturing, rubber production, wood products, several food and agricultural categories, among others. These examples illustrate

what good can happen when industry and government work

together to obtain unbiased scientifically based information

on emissions. EPA is developing a public participation plan

(see p. 5) that includes general guidance to industry and state

and local agencies, providing information upon which emission factors can be developed or revised.

CONSOLIDATED EMISSION

REPORTING RULE

EPA issued two drafts of a Consolidated Emissions Reporting Rule (CERR) in October 1993 and January 1994. This

rule incorporated the requirements for three emissions reporting programs into a single rule. The three programs are emission statements, the periodic emission inventory, and the annual statewide emissions reporting requirement.

Comments on the drafts indicated that the reviewers felt

EPA was requiring too much information to support EPA’s

emissions data needs. EPA management decided the rule

should be revised to reflect more closely EPA’s needs and uses

for emissions information.

In response, the Agency is developing an options paper

with several alternatives for reporting emissions information.

The options are tied directly to several key programs that EPA

identified as primary users of emissions data. These programs

include policy analysis, review of the National Ambient Air

Quality Standards, air quality modeling, and response to

questions to EPA.

 Four or five emissions data reporting options are being

identified to support the Agency’s emissions information

needs. The variables in the different options include reporting

frequency (e. g., annual, every 3 years, every 6 years), point

source cutoffs, amount of supporting emissions information

(such as control efficiency, stack information, operating

schedule, etc.), reporting level (e. g., SCC, plant, or county),

type of pollutant (criteria and/or toxic), and geographic

coverage (nonattainment and/or attainment areas).

These emissions data reporting alternatives will be

incorporated into the options paper, which will then be

reviewed within EPA and distributed for comment to groups

outside the Agency such as the work group, the Standing Air

And Emissions Work Group (SAEWG), the State And

Territorial Air Pollution Program Administrators/Association

Of Local Air Pollution Control Officials (STAAPA/ALAPCO),

the Emission Inventory Improvement Program (EIIP), etc.

The option that best meets EPA’s need for emissions

information, with modifications to accommodate reviewers'

concerns, will be incorporated into a revised draft of the rule.

The target date for the draft CERR is Summer 1995.

Call

 Info CHIEF

at

(919) 541 - 5285
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WHAT CAN THE CHIEF BULLETIN BOARD DO FOR ME?

Using a modem for the first time can be somewhat vexatious, if not intimidating, but your effort can lead to astonishing sources ofinform ation. The CHIEF Bulletin Board System (BBS) contains a good variety of resources available to

anyone with a modem, a phone line, and some communication software.

Here’s what you can get:

1. Documents:

• AP-42 in draft form, final version, and even background

reports.

• L & E (Locating And Estimating Air Emissions From

Sources Of . . .) documents. Currently, there are L & E documents for Mercury, MEK, Toluene, Xylene, etc. waiting for

you to download and print.

• Inventory guidance memos and documents

• Office Of Research And Development documents

• The CHIEF Newsletter (current and previous copies)

• Many others

2. Software:

• Calculation programs: TANKS, SIMS, and PM-10.

• FIRE (Factor Information Retrieval System) This is a

software program you may download and install on your computer. It allows you to determine SCCs and retrieve toxic and

criteria emission factors related to those codes.

• Mobile4 & 5

• Many others

3. E-mail: You may communicate privately or publicly with

anyone else who is registered on the Transfer Technology Network (TTN). Public messages have been used to locate material, get help with programs, and clarify information. These

files may also be transferred to another user.

4. Upcoming events and errata: Keep informed about emission-related events and changes made to AP-42 after publication.

Here’s how you get it:

1. Dial (919) 541-5742 from your communication package.

(Before this step you will need to set your software to communicate with our software. This involves setting the parameters

to 8-1-N, full duplex, with modem speeds up to 14.4 baud.

You will also need to check which protocols your software can

use.)

2. Choose “R” to register, as soon as you have the opportunity. Even though this is a public service bulletin board (your

only charges are for telecommunication lines), you are considered a “guest” until you register and will be allowed only 30

minutes on line.

3. Take the time to browse the utilities on the main menu.

4. Choose “T” to get to the bulletin board areas. Notice that

the CHIEF BBS is only one of many related boards.

5. Choose “D” to get to the CHIEF BBS. You will encounter

a series of “Alerts” concerning news about CHIEF before

getting to the main CHIEF BBS menu.

6. As an example, download the installation file for the FIRE

program.

a. Choose “F” for “AP-42/E F Guidance”

b. Choose “5” for “FIRE”

c. Choose “d” for “download”

d. Type “Install.bat” when asked for the file name.

e. Choose a protocol. (This is why you need to know

ahead of time which one your software can use). Hint: use

ZMODEM if you can, because it is the fastest available on the

CHIEF BBS.

f. The screen will display the message “Awaiting start

signal”. At this point you are on your own. The “start signal”

comes from you or your software. If you are using Windows

or a program with pull-down menus, you need to find something that resembles “receive binary file”. This usually resides in a menu called “Transfers”. If you are using a “command-type” program you will probably need to consult your

documentation. Some common “start signals” are the “Page

down” key; simultaneously pressing the Ctrl key with some

other key; the F10 key; Sometimes software (such as

CrosstalkTM) presents a “command line” at the bottom of the

page with hints. You may be required to type something like

“RX C:\Windows\Fireinst.bat”, which means “Receive the

file indicated using the XMODEM protocol, put it in my Windows directory and call it 'Fireinst.bat'”.

7. Call Info CHIEF Help Desk, (919) 541-4565. We can

help with several communication packages. (Your best help

may come from the person who had your computer before you!)

Another source of information about the TTN bulletin boards

and how to use them is the TTN Help Desk (919) 541-5384.

SUGGESTION: Some of our users have experienced problems with missing graphics or have

had trouble printing graphics. Try getting the

section containing the graphics from Fax

CHIEF at (919) 541-5626 or -0548.

TTN is also available on Internet:

TELNET ttnbbs.rtpnc.epa.gov
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EDUCATED BUT ERRONEOUS

GUESSES

The new introduction to AP-42 discusses some of the

limitations of emission factor applications. Emission estimate fallibility and the consequences of misuse were covered

in a report in the August 1994 Pollution Engineering magazine. One company used estimates which later proved by

testing to be greatly in error and this ended up costing the

company $1.2 Million. Be careful in your choice of emission

estimation methods and factors, if that is the route you take.

In many critical situations, it may be less expensive in the

long run to test under the appropriate conditions, methods,

and procedures from the start.

LOW-COST GPS RECEIVERS

The cost of hand-held Global Positioning System (GPS)

receivers has dropped considerably over the past two years,

according to the June 20, 1994 issue of Federal Computer

Week. Units that sold for $1,000 and up just a year ago, and

$2,000 or more two years ago, are now being offered at the

$400 to $500 price range from at least three manufacturers.

GPS receivers access positioning and location information broadcast by a fleet of 24 Defense Department satellites.

These units are used by many industries and agencies to locate emission sources for permit and inventory purposes.

While this information may be useful to many agencies and

industries, EPA does not endorse or recommend specific equipment.

Today's receivers not only cost less, but they weigh half

as much and require less power than earlier systems. The

Trailblazer® GPS receiver, produced by Magellan System Corporation, is reported soon to be available at a price of about

$400. Lowrance Electronics Inc. sells the AccuNav Sport®

for $499, and they also plan to introduce an even more powerful unit with a moving map display for less than $500. Industry sources indicate that Garmin Industries Inc. is expected

to introduce a hand-held GPS receiver with a moving map

display for under $400.

SOURCE CLASSIFICATION CODES

Source Classification Codes (SCC) have long been used

by EPA as a way of categorizing air pollutant emission source

types. Emission factors provided in AP-42 and in AIRS are

tied to an 8-digit SCC and its accompanying description, and

emission inventories are often summarized by combinations

of SCCs. The only SCCs accepted by the AIRS mainframe

are those which appear on the AIRS SCC look-up table. Until

recently, a user’s only access to an up-to-date listing of the

SCCs was through the AIRS mainframe. Now, however, the

list for point sources (AIRS AFS) is available via the CHIEF

BBS by choosing <Q> from the main CHIEF menu. Also,

the list can be downloaded in ASCII or dBaseTM format for use

in PC or mainframe software. The list can also be conveniently searched on line by typing in a text or numeric string.

At this time, only the numeric code, its associated description, and the standard AIRS throughput measurement units

for the code are available in the file.

 The EPA default emission factors associated with the

SCCs are not currently included in the on line look-up file,

but they are available elsewhere on the BBS as part of the

FIRE PC data base system. Another "questioning" tool has

been placed on the CHIEF BBS in the upper right quadrant

under menu item “Q.” The user may select to query the list

on line or download the files in either of two formats: “DBF”,

for inclusion in a data base program or “TXT”, for importing

in a word processing program. Three-, six- and eight-digit

SCC lists are available.

EPA adds new SCCs to the system regularly at the request of users, and is currently considering a proposal from

the Emission Inventory Improvement Program (EIIP) to revamp the system. Check item <Q> on the CHIEF BBS for

recent news and proposals, and send any comments to Ron

Ryan via the CHIEF BBS e-mail, via phone at (919) 541-

4330, or via mail at US EPA, MD-14, RTP, NC.

PUBLIC PARTICIPATION

Section 130 of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments requires the EPA to allow any person to demonstrate improved

emissions estimating techniques, and to authorize their use

upon approval and after appropriate public participation. This

summer, EPA drafted a document entitled Public Participation Procedures For Emissions Estimation Guidance Materials available for comment via our CHIEF BBS and our

Fax CHIEF service. The comment period has now ended,

and the final Procedures will be made available shortly by

the same sources.

As drafted, Procedures describes how the public can

participate in the development of emissions estimation guidance both by submitting data for review and by reviewing

materials submitted by others. In addition to revisions to

EPA’s venerable Compilation Of Air Pollutant Emission Factors (AP-42), the Procedures would allow the public a means

to propose revisions to the SPECIATE and FIRE data bases

and to various emission estimation guidance memoranda and

documents. Information could be submitted for new or revised factors for any air pollutant.

Look for the final Procedures on the CHIEF BBS this

Fall. We look forward to receiving your proposals on the

CHIEF BBS for improved emissions estimations and to publicizing them for use by others.
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INFO CHIEF'S MOST FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS

 Here are some hot topics with information on each.

MARTINEZ RETIRES

VOICE MAIL

Q: When I call Info CHIEF, I always get voice mail. Do

you have a direct line?

A: We get dozens of calls each day, so please leave us a message. Although we are staffed from 7:30 until 5:30 Eastern

time, we have a small staff that stay busy helping each of you

with your individual requests. Leaving a short message regarding the nature of your problem often allows us to return

your call and leave possible solutions on your voice mail.

TANKS

Q: I am using TANKS2 to estimate emissions from a large

number of tanks. Is there some way I can copy the data

from one tank to another?

A: The TANKS2 program allows you to create a “profile”

which contains all the identical data. You may then retrieve

the saved file and add the remaining data such as tank ID,

throughput, etc.

MODEMS

Q: I would like to use the CHIEF BBS to download several files, but my modem speed is 2400 baud and it would

take forever.

A: We are only too aware of this problem. The cost of a very

fast (14.4) fax/modem is under $150. Which will soon be

paid for in long distance savings if not in personnel hours.

Using WINDOWSTerminal® or similar communication packages allows you to use the ZMODEM protocol to considerably

decrease your on line time.

AP-42 SECTIONS

Q: Is the AP-42 section that I downloaded from the “Proposed 5th Edition” menu on the CHIEF BBS marked

“DRAFT” really “final”?

A: Anything found in the "Proposed Fifth Edition" menu is

final. Also, any other new and revised sections becoming “final” will appear in the menu item “Final Sections Not Published”. Anything in the "Draft Sections Under Review" is

truly a draft. The purpose of the draft menu items is to solicit

your comments on those AP-42 sections being revised. Please

note that the Fifth Edition consists of extensive revision in

section numbers and editorial format.

Q: If I find an emission factor in AP-42 that differs from

one in FIRE, which should I use?

A: Ideally, we make them agree, but if there is a conflict, AP42 generally takes precedence. However, there may be L & E

updates or FIRE releases which take precedence because they

are dated later than the AP-42 section in question. If you find

a disagreement in the factors, call or write the Emission Inventory Branch.

Q: If the section I need was revised in Supplement F, can

I just order that supplement from GPO and have all I need?

A: Usually, that strategy is successful, but in some cases the

“revision” may have been a minor editorial correction, possibly to only a few pages, in which case you may not get the

entire section. A call to Info CHIEF can help determine

how to proceed. Also, you can check the CHIEF BBS or Fax

CHIEF to be sure as they always have the latest information.

Marty has roots in Texas and California. In a significant

assignment just before his retirement, he made use of his Spanish-speaking abilities while on a six-month detail in Mexico

City, assisting the authorities there in establishing an emission inventory program.

Marty is married to Angie and lives in Raleigh, NC. He recently was on a personal high with the delivery of his first

grandchild. He will be using his free time (if there is such a

thing) to do some consulting work and to sharpen up his tennis game. We will miss Marty, but we wish him the best in his

new endeavors.

Emerico (Marty) Martinez has retired. He was Chief of

the Inventory Guidance And Evaluation Section of EIB since

its formation and was instrumental in the planning for the

Branch, which was formed to support the enhanced role of

emission inventories after the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments. Marty was intimately involved in the emission inventory and factor area since 1977. Before then, he was a meteorologist assigned to EPA from the National Oceanic And Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) where he served for a

number of years.

The Info CHIEF help desk number is (919) 541-5285.

— More Q & A in the next issue! —
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CHIEF'S CORNER —

EFMS

It has been a long while. Since I last wrote an article for the newsletter, I have been on a successful and enjoyable

rotation with the state of North Carolina's Air Quality Section, and on a three-week working journey to Volgograd,

Russia, and the Fifth Edition of AP-42 has moved a lot closer to publication. Many thanks to Bill Lamason, who

shepherded the priorities here at EFMS while I was away. Bill did a great job!

The CHIEF Newsletter is produced quarterly by the Emission Inventory Branch,

Technical Support Division, of EPA’s Office Of Air Quality Planning And Standards. Its

purpose is to enhance communication within the emission factor and inventory community

by providing new and useful information and by allowing for the exchange of information

between and among its readers. Comments on the Newsletter and articles for inclusion

in it are welcome and should be directed to Emission Inventory Branch (MD 14), US

EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711; telephone (919) 541-5493.

The contents of The CHIEF Newsletter do not necessarily reflect the views and

policies of the Agency, neither does the mention of trade names or commercial products

constitute endorsement or recommendation for use.

The AP-42 Fifth Edition is currently undergoing complete reformatting and editing before going to print. Several new sections will be included. All sections that are revised in this new edition are available on the CHIEF BBS

in the “proposed” file. The editing will change the appearance of some of these sections, but their emission factors

should not change unless they were typographical errors. The Fifth Edition work is to be completed in October and

should be ready for distribution on paper in December. Also, both our Air CHIEF CD-ROM and FIRE, our emission

factor data base, will be updated with the same new and revised material. These will be released in the same time

frame, or maybe a little sooner. We already have a backlog of new and revised sections for the first supplement to the

Fifth Edition; so please consult the CHIEF BBS or Fax CHIEF for these.

Be sure to note that there is a greatly expanded Introduction to AP-42 with much further elaboration on the

recommendations for and the limitations on emission factors, pollutant definitions, and other topics. The Introduction would be worthwhile reading for even the most experienced user. Also, please note that we are in the process of

finalizing our Public Participation Plan, required by the Clean Air Act which spells out a means for “outsiders” to

propose and to have us adopt and recommend emission factors which we did not develop or initiate.

Our client "family" continues to grow and to demand more of our tools and other products. We have a steady

pace of about 4000 sign-on events on CHIEF each month, 400 fax operations on Fax CHIEF (until it broke — IT IS

FIXED and RUNNING NOW!), and an ever increasing number of calls to the Info CHIEF information line and our

technical staff. Data to be used in permitting continue to be highly sought after, requiring a lot of staff time for proper

response. Public/Private partnership opportunities continue to arise, in which we could work with emitters to monitor testing and to devise better emission factors. However, EFMS has lost positions that won’t be replaced and may be

further disrupted by the impending reorganization of OAQPS. We (and perhaps new leadership) hope to come up

with ways to do more with less, but we are going to need your patience and assistance. Do not be surprised if some of

our activities and services get revamped or fall by the wayside entirely. Please be “proactive”, and let us know what

we are doing that is of most assistance to you and what we do that you could best do without.

Our distribution on this newsletter has grown to nearly 6,000 copies. While we wish to serve all of our legitimate

clients in the best way possible, we need to determine that our mail key is reflective of folks who have current interests

and those who are not satisfactorily served by reading it from the CHIEF BBS. Please note that, if you do not respond

and return the mail key update sheet, we will assume that you are no longer interested in the newsletter or are served

satisfactorily by the electronic route. By striking the unnecessary addresses from the list, we hope to save a tree.

 — Jim Southerland

Chief, Emission Factor And Methodology Section
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RELEASE OF FIRE VERSION 3.0

The 1994 version of FIRE (Factor Information Retrieval

System) has been released. FIRE contains EPA’s unique rated

criteria and toxic air emission estimation factors, with easy

access to criteria air pollutant emission factors from AP-42

and hazardous air pollutant (HAP) emission factors derived

from source tests, XATEF (the Crosswalk/Air Toxic Emission Factor data base management system, and the literature.

FIRE contains only the best available emission factors, reviewed and rated by EPA.

FIRE is a user-friendly, menu-driven system with a userinterface patterned after Microsoft® WindowsTM. The emission factor data in FIRE are organized in modules. The program is designed to operate on one module of data at a time,

but the features of the program allow one to browse, edit, print

or export data contained in a selected data module. The two

main modules of data distributed with the system are EPA

rated emission factors: one module for criteria pollutants and

one for HAPs. Users can also create a module of emission

factors they have collected themselves, or a module of factors

specified for a selected set of pollutants or sources. Users can

browse through the records in the data base or choose specific

emission factors by using filters.

An important feature of FIRE is the user's ability of users

to enter his or her own factors into the distribution system and

submit their data to EPA for evaluation and inclusion in the

repository system. Once in the repository system, the data

will be evaluated by EPA toward revising EIB. This feature is

very important to the goal of improving emission factors.

Without new source test data, EPA is rated factors in the distribution system . Users can subm itdata through the CHIEF

BBS or by mailing diskettes to hampered in such time-sensitive activities as permit preparation and evaluation, and submission of emission inventories required under the 1990 Clean

Air Act Amendments. It is vital that EPA receive data from

other agencies, trade association, industry, and elsewhere if

we are to develop more accurate emission factors.

FIRE requires an IBM® PC or compatible with a MicrosoftDisk Operating System TM (MS DOS), Version 3.3 or later,

and a VGA color monitor. MS DOS 5.0 or later and a mouse

are recommended. Users' PCs should have at least 520 KB of

available random access memory (RAM), and the hard disk

should have at least 10 MB of available disk storage space.

The user’s manual is included on the diskette.

The next version of FIRE (1995) will be available in a

WindowsTM format and will be the last year that DOS files

will be available on the CHIEF BBS for FIRE. No further

enhancements will be made to the DOS executable files during the coming year. After the Windows® upgrade for FIRE

is distributed in 1995, Info CHIEF will support only the Windows® version. FIRE is available on the Air CHIEF CDROM and the CHIEF BBS, as well as from the National Technical Information Service (NTIS) at (800) 553-6847.

2 Personnel Notes. . . .

Bryan Fricke has joined the Emission Factor And Methodologies Section for a few months under the co-op student hiring

program. He will be working under the direction of Ron Ryan investigating ways to improve the consistency of the Source

Classification Code assignment process.

Bryan has a Bachelor’s degree in Business Administration from the University Of North Carolina in Chapel Hill, and he

is pursuing an environmental and civil engineering degree from NC State University. In the century-old rivalry between these

universities, he confesses lingering loyalties to the sky-blue Tar Heels. Kernersville, NC is Bryan’s home town, amidst the

Triad of Greensboro, Winston-Salem and High Point.

Other than work and school, Bryan enjoys music in several forms. He’s learning piano and guitar, and he likes to sing,

recently with the Varsity Men’s Glee Club at NC State. His listening proclivities are mostly orchestral and classical in nature.

Watching Carolina football and basketball are fun for Bryan, as is a good one-to-one conversation over a good meal. He looks

forward to meeting many people during his term with EPA.
9

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RAPIDS TOXICS INVENTORY DEVELOPMENT

related modules organized for individual access through the

user interface.

RAPIDS is a relational data management system

which uses an Oracle 7TM back-end data base as the regional

repository located at EPA's Great Lakes National Program

Office (GLNPO). The state air agencies are using GLIN

Internet access to provide information to the RAPIDS repository, which will be accessible on line to regional, government,

or academic researchers. This approach to regional data sharing is expected to form the basis for comprehensive analysis

of the complex ecosystem in the Great Lakes region.

For more information on RAPIDS, contact Pranas

Pranckevicius at EPA GLNPO in Chicago, phone (312) 353-

3437 or fax (312) 353-2018.

The eight Great Lakes States, under sponsorship from

the Great Lakes Commission (GLC) and EPA, are designing

a data management system that will assist in developing and

tracking air toxic emission inventories for a twelve-county

region near Southwest Lake Michigan. This system is known

as Regional Air Pollutant Inventory Development System

(RAPIDS) and is designed to help the states implement the

procedures outlined in a common methods protocol for preparing their respective portions of the inventory. Each state

will prepare its portion of the regional inventory and will also

perform quality assurance on their emission estimates before

to adding to the regional inventory. RAPIDS is based on a

data model which provides flexibility in the types and volume

of data that can be stored. The data model breaks down into

STATUS OF 1990 BASE YEAR EMISSION INVENTORY DATA IN AIRS

The CAAA of 1990 requires that state and local agencies with ozone and/or carbon monoxide (CO) nonattainment

areas prepare and submit emission inventories for base year

1990. The final O3 and CO base year inventories were due to

the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) on November 15,

1992. The inventory components expected are point, area,

mobile, and biogenic (for O3

 areas) source data and documentation, and the computerized data submittals to the Aerometric

Information Retrieval System (AIRS). Many States are still

responding to review comments received by EPA and from

public hearings, and as a result, may be preparing revised final inventories for submittal with the final State Implementation Plans (SIP) due by November 15, 1994.

The EIB prepares a quarterly Data Comparison Report that summarizes the emission inventory data submitted

by the states in hard copy to those data which the states have

entered into AIRS. The purpose of the Data Comparison Report is to emission data submitted in hard copy find reports

that do not match emissions reported to AIRS. A copy of the

latest report is available on the CHIEF BBS in the File Transfer

section under "Emission Inventory Guidance". A lot of data

have been entered into AIRS but for many states there are

large differences between the data in AIRS and those that have

been submitted in hard copy. In addition, the data that does

reside in AIRS are largely inaccessible, because the states are

vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv

not releasing them for approval and access. This has created

an awkward situation for both EPA and those states that had

anticipated using the base year inventory data by now.

The CAAA require many states to perform urban scale modeling analyses to demonstrate that proposed control strategies

are sufficient to attain the National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) for ozone. EPA compiles a National Inventory to use in the Regional Oxidant Model (ROM) to provide

boundary conditions regarding the pollution transport into

the states urban modeling domains. As part of its basic role

in modeling for attainment demonstrations, the Agency's National Inventory will also be used to analyze regulatory policy

to ensure progress in pollution reduction as well as to assess

the possible effects of changing the NAAQS for ozone, standard now under review.

To ensure that the National Inventory contains the

best and most recent emission data available, it should incorporate the states approved 1990 emissions inventory data for

nonattainment areas. Continued progress by State and local

agencies in entering their emissions inventory data into AIRS

can help the inventory process in the many ways described

above and will also result in providing an accessible data base

for the 1990 O3

/CO SIP inventories.
10

WORKBOOK FOR GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION ESTIMATES

The OAQPS Technology Transfer Network (TTN):

Your gateway to US EPA air quality information,

with eighteen different bulletin boards!

Dial in via modem at (919) 541-5742 or

TELNET via Internet at ttnbbs.rtpnc.epa.gov

A&WMA WORKSHOPS

The Air And Waste Management Association

(A&WMA), in cooperation with EIB, is sponsoring an

ongoing series of workshops on preparing emission estimates.

A&WMA faculty will present information on (1) reporting

emission estimates to meet regulatory requirements, (2) uses

of the data for permitting strategies, and (3) compliance and

business planning. The workshops will help affected

operations meet regulatory requirements on content and

timeliness, achieving better quality emission inventories, and

increasing consistency in emission inventories.

Upcoming workshops are in: Atlanta, December 5-6,

1994; Dallas, February 13-14, 1995; Denver; January 9-10,

1995; and Chicago; March 6-7, 1995. Subsequent workshops

in this series will be announced in the calendar portion of

future CHIEF Newsletters. For more information, call the

A&WMA meeting registrar at (412) 232-3444, ext. 3142.

In 1992, EPA's Climate Change Division (State And Local Outreach Program) prepared a workbook to assist states in

estimating greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions for inventory

purposes. The original workbook is being revised to include

the latest information from the Intergovernmental Panel On

Climate Change (IPCC) meetings of this summer. It complements the activities under way in states as a result of both the

1990 CAAA and the President's Climate Change Action Plan.

The revised workbook is expected to be completed by Fall

1994.

The workbook is divided into two major sections. The

first recommends a methodology for calculating emissions from

a particular source (e. g., methane from landfills or carbon

dioxide from fossil fuel combustion). The second contains

chapters that provide more detailed information on the recommended methodology, as well as on alternative methods

EIB PUBLICATIONS

The Emission Inventory Branch (EIB) produces many

guidance and resource publications geared toward industries,

state and local agencies, and academic researchers. EIB publishes general emission inventory guidance documents, as well

as documents covering specific air pollutants such as ozone,

carbon monoxide, PM-10, and air toxics. The Locating And

Estimating (L & E) series compiles available information on

the emission of specific toxic substances to assist groups in

inventorying these emissions. Some of the substances which

L & E documents address are: Toluene, Methyl Chloroform,

Cyanide, Styrene, Benzene, Mercury and Mercury Compounds,

and many more. EIB also produces several factor and inventory software products for IBM ® or compatible PCs which can

be used to assist in the emission inventory and factoring processes.

Many of these publications are available from the Info

CHIEF help desk at (919) 541-5285 while others are available from the Government Printing Office (GPO) or the National Technical Information Service (NTIS). A list of EIB

publications can be obtained from the CHIEF BBS at (919)

541-5742 or Fax CHIEF at (919) 541-0548 or -5626.

for estimating emissions. The workbook covers major gases

(CO2, CH4, N2O) as well as suggested data sources.

This workbook is part of the Outreach Program's "tool

box" for states interested in determining baseline GHG emissions, identifying the vulnerabilities from climate change, and

developing mitigation and adaptation policies. Several states

have completed their inventories and are entering the policy

analysis phase of the program. Other states are conducting

demonstration projects designed to reduce GHG emissions.

The Outreach Program provides limited financial assistance

to states to complete the inventories, action plans, and demonstration projects.

Both hard and electronic copies of the workbook are available. Contact Info CHIEF, (919) 541-5285 for more information. To learn more about the State And Local Outreach

Program, contact Katherine Sibold at (202) 260-4314.

UPCOMING PUBLICATIONS AND

PRODUCTS FROM EIB

 FIRE data base, Version 3.0 — Fall 1994

 Air CHIEF CD, Version 4.0 — November 1994

 AP-42, Fifth Edition — December 1994

 TANKS for Windows®, Version 3.0 — Summer 1995
11

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Yes, I still want to be on the CHIEF Newsletter mailing list!

 Please tear out this page and mail it to us.

YOUR OPINIONS COUNT!

As always, we want your thoughts and ideas on this newsletter. Use the comment space on the next page — and more, if

needed — to join the discussion of some issues and aspects being discussed here at the CHIEF.

1. Copies of the CHIEF Newsletter are always on the CHIEF BBS and on the Fax CHIEF. We often wonder if some

readers would be satisfied with electronic access only, so that we could remove them from our mailing list and save trees

(paper, printing, postage, etc.).

2. What articles are/would be most helpful to our readers? Which have been most helpful in the past?

3. What are the five source categories you would most like to see added to AP-42, in order of need?

4. What new emission estimation tools would you most like for us to develop and produce, in order of need?

5. In this time of limited resources and reorganizations, which tools that we now offer you and which factor development

efforts now under way (CHIEF, FIRE, TANKS, AP-42, Permit Data Support, etc.) are the MOST IMPORTANT to you?

Which are the LEAST USEFUL?

If you want to continue receiving the CHIEF Newsletter, you must check the box below.

Make any address changes beside your present label or in the return address area.

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12

The CHIEF Newsletter

Volume V, No. 4

Fall 1994

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