1

United States Office Of Air Quality EPA-454/N-95-002

Environmental Protection Planning And Standards Volume VI, No. 2

Agency Research Triangle Park, NC 27711 Spring 1995

THE CHIEF N E W S L E T T E R

— THE CLEARINGHOUSE FOR INVENTORIES AND EMISSION FACTORS —

PAST AP-42 EMISSION FACTORS:

"TO BOLDLY GO WHERE NO ONE HAS GONE BEFORE"

BY RON MYERS, EMISSION FACTOR AND INVENTORY GROUP

Many people assume that AP-42 has all the answers to

questions about estimating air emissions from a source category (or even specific source). Although that is giving this

most excellent document more credit than it is due, you can use

AP-42 emission factors to estimate emissions when specific

source test information is not available from the source or an

almost identical source. Under ideal conditions all of the needed

emission factors are in the section that addresses the source

category from which you are trying to estimate emissions. This

use of the process specific emission factor would result in an

estimate that is potentially in error by the inherent variability of

the AP-42 emission factor. This variability is dependent on the

process and the representativeness of the data used to develop the emission factor. However, the usual situation is that

some of the emission points or pollutants that you are trying to

estimate emissions for are not in the section.

By accepting the risk of additional error, emission estimates can sometimes be made by using emission factors for

other process sources that are in AP-42. A good working knowledge of the physical characteristics of the processes that are

being compared is needed. For example, the particulate emissions from different types of dryers would depend on the material being dried and the fuel used to supply the heat. A process

that dried fabric using indirect heat from a process (using heat

exchangers) would have significantly different emissions from

a process that was drying a crushed mineral using direct heat

from pulverized coal combustion. As a result, emission factors

for these two processes would not be interchangeable.

Following an investigation of the key operating and physical characteristics of a process, the known characteristics of

potential similar sources should be obtained. This type of

 information is sometimes available in the process description

for the individual source categories. Other available resources

are the compliance inspectors or other individuals that have

visited the source categories that are believed to be similar.

Generally, all of the information that is available on the source

category is published in either the AP-42 section or the background report for the section. In addition, any usable information that is not in a final AP-42 section is available on the

CHIEF BBS under “Draft Sections Under Review.” Therefore, calling the person responsible for the development of the

section would not reveal any additional relevant information.

If a suitable contact person is not known, posting a message to

the CHIEF BBS public message board may reveal a suitable

contact to get more detailed process information or a person

that has already done all of the work to identify the best surrogate for the process being evaluated.

A simple checklist can be assembled to compare the process of interest to all the potential surrogates that have been

identified. The pertinent variables should be listed below the

surrogate processes in approximate importance. Then a qualitative comparison with the process of interest should be made

to identify whether the surrogate process is estimated to have

lower, higher or about the same emissions as the process of

interest. This is where your homework into the process conditions becomes most important. The choice of what surrogate

emission factor should be used is a matter of selecting the best

fit from the surrogate possibilities. This will also allow you to

evaluate whether your choice is an under estimate or an over

estimate. You may wish to make adjustments to the factor to

make the estimate closer to what you believe is the most appropriate (or to provide some margin of safety).

THE AP-42 FIFTH EDITION IS DONE!

After months of anticipation, the Fifth Edition is now on both the CHIEF BBS and the Fax CHIEF. It will be

available on the Air CHIEF CD-ROM by early June and on paper by the end of June.

Call Info CHIEF, (919) 541-5285, for more information. Order paper copies now from the Government Printing

Office, (202) 512-1800, Stock No. 055-000-00500-1, price $56.00.
2

(Cont. from p. 1)

The following example will illustrate the above methodology:

You are asked to estimate PM-10, NOx and CO emissions from two product dryers at a plant. The same product is being dried

by the two dryers. However, one of the driers uses oil or gas to dry the product and the other dryer uses waste heat from another

process at the plant. The product that is being dried is a material that has been sized to a powder, 90 percent of which will pass

through a 100 mesh screen. The material entering the dryer has been de-watered mechanically with a typical residual moisture

content of 5 percent. After drying, the moisture content of the product is less than 1⁄2 percent. The product is not physically or

chemically changed as a result of the drying. The dryer is an inclined rotary kiln that is fired counter current to the product flow.

The drier that is fossil fuel fired uses a combination burner firing either number 2 fuel oil, natural gas or a combination of both. One

gallon of fuel oil, or 131 cubic feet of gas, can dry approximately one ton of product.

Although your process is not included in AP-42, there are similar processes in AP-42 where there are emission factors. These

processes include portland cement manufacturing (wet process or long dry process), lime manufacturing (gas fired), batch mix hot

mix asphalt (HMA) production, taconite ore processing (indurating furnace), phosphate rock processing (dryer), oil combustion

and gas combustion. The closest process for these sources in AP-42 has the information shown in Table 1:

In evaluating the processes for similarities with the process being estimated, the following characteristics are known:

Portland Cement Manufacturing - Both processes are coal fired and the raw material is physically and chemically changed in the

process. The process reaches very high temperatures and although a significant amount of heat is reused in the process to

conserve fuel probably more fuel is combusted than would be necessary for drying the material. Therefore, the combustion

products NOx and CO, are not similar to the dryer of concern. However, the raw material feed to the process is either in the form

of a slurry or a finely divided dry material, so that the particulate emissions may be physically carried out of the process in a

manner similar to the dryers in question.

Lime Manufacturing - The process of manufacturing lime is very similar to portland cement manufacturing. Although the

emission factor is for gas fired kilns, the combustion conditions are similar to those of portland cement manufacturing and

therefore not reflective of the process in question. However, like portland cement manufacturing, the raw material feed to the

process is either in the form of a slurry or a finely divided dry material, so that the particulate emissions may be physically carried

out of the process in a manner similar to the dryers in question.

Hot Mix Asphalt Manufacturing - Batch mix asphalt plants heat a mixture of aggregate to a relatively warm temperature so that the

mixture when combined with asphalt will stay formable after transport. The aggregate mixture contains a relatively high percentage of fines (< 75μM physical diameter) but may also contain material up to 3⁄4 inch in diameter. The moisture content of the

aggregate is typically 11⁄2 percent or less. As a result of the larger material being contained in the batch plant aggregate these

factors may underestimate the particulate emissions from the process being evaluated. However, the combustion conditions may

(Cont. on p. 3)

Process Filterable Particulate Filterable P M-10 NOx CO

Portland Cement Manufacturing

(wet proces s)

130 31 3.7 0.06

Portland Cement Manufacturing

(long dry process)

250 ND 3.0 0.11

Lime Manufacturing 180 22 1.7 1.1

HMA Production (gas fired)

HMA Production (oil fired)

16

 (.004 condensable)

16

 (.045 condensable)

2.2

 (.004 condensable)

2.2

 (.045 condensable)

0.025

0.04

0.34

0.018

Taconite Ore Processing 29.2 ND ND ND

Phosphate Rock Processing 5.7 4.8 ND ND

Oil Combu stion (fuel basis)

Oil Combu stion (process basis)

2 lb/gal

2 lb/ton

1 lb/gal

1 lb/ton

20 lb/gal

20 lb/ton

5 lb/gal

5 lb/ton

Gas Combustion (fuel basis)

Gas Combustion (process basis)

4.5 lb/MMcf

0.006 lb/to n

4.5 lb/MMcf

0.006 lb/to n

100 lb/MMcf

0.13 lb/ton

21 lb/MMcf

0.03 lb/ton

ND = No Data

Process Filterable Particulate Filterable P M-10 NOx CO

Portland Cement Manufacturing

(wet proces s)

130 31 3.7 0.06

Portland Cement Manufacturing

(long dry process)

250 ND 3.0 0.11

Lime Manufacturing 180 22 1.7 1.1

HMA Production (gas fired)

HMA Production (oil fired)

16

 (.004 condensable)

16

 (.045 condensable)

2.2

 (.004 condensable)

2.2

 (.045 condensable)

0.025

0.04

0.34

0.018

Taconite Ore Processing 29.2 ND ND ND

Phosphate Rock Processing 5.7 4.8 ND ND

Oil Combu stion (fuel basis)

Oil Combu stion (process basis)

2 lb/gal

2 lb/ton

1 lb/gal

1 lb/ton

20 lb/gal

20 lb/ton

5 lb/gal

5 lb/ton

Gas Combustion (fuel basis)

Gas Combustion (process basis)

4.5 lb/MMcf

0.006 lb/to n

4.5 lb/MMcf

0.006 lb/to n

100 lb/MMcf

0.13 lb/ton

21 lb/MMcf

0.03 lb/ton

ND = No Data

T ABL E 1. Emission factors for processes with similar characteristics to dryers evaluated.
3

(Cont. from p. 2)

 be similar to the dryer being evaluated since the higher temperatures encountered in the batch mix plant are compensated by the

lower moisture content of the feed material.

Phosphate Rock Processing - Dryers at phosphate rock plants would not estimate particulate emissions from the dryers of

concern since the material smaller than 150 mesh is removed from the raw feed material and sent to a tailings pile.

Oil Combustion and Gas Combustion - Since no material is being dried these factors would not be suitable choices for estimating

the particulate emissions from the dryers of concern. However, the products of combustion (NOx

, CO, TOC, CO2 and SO2) should

always be considered when evaluating any combustion source. It should be remembered that the emission factors are for

combustion in a water boiler and therefore the combustion conditions will be significantly different from many direct fired process

heater/dryer/calciner.

A selection process that uses the above information may be performed for evaluating the various process similarities. The

evaluations of the similarities are entered into a simple table with estimates as to whether each process would underestimate,

overestimate or be reflective of the process being evaluated. The tables 2, 3 and 4 illustrate the methodology for this example.

(Cont. on p. 4)

PM-10 evaluation

Characteristic Evaluated Totals

Process Process

Feed

Physical Process Fuel &

usage

Product Number of Good Matches

and ±

Portland Cement G G - - 2/-

Lime Manufacturing G G - - 2/-

Hot Mix Asphalt ++ + G + 1/++++

Taconite Ore ++ + + + 0/+++++

Phosphate Rock ++ + G + 1/++++

Oil Combustion +++ +++ G +++ 1/+++++++++

Gas Combustion +++ +++ G +++ 1/+++++++++

Table 2. Evaluation of similarities of processes for PM-10.

NOx evaluation

Characteristic Evaluated Totals

Process Process

Feed

Physical Process Fuel &

usage

Product Number of Good Matches

and ±

Portland Cement NA - --- NA 0/----

Lime Manufacturing NA - --- NA 0/----

Hot Mix Asphalt NA G G NA 2/

Taconite Ore NA - - NA 0/--

Phosphate Rock NA G - NA 1/-

Oil Combustion NA - - NA 0/--

Gas Combustion NA - - NA 0/--

Table 3. Evaluation of similarities of processes for NOxx.

CO evaluation

Characteristic Evaluated Totals

Process Process

Feed

Physical Process Fuel &

usage

Product Number of Good Matches

and ±

Portland Cement NA - --- NA 0/----

Lime Manufacturing NA - --- NA 0/----

Hot Mix Asphalt NA G G NA 2/

Taconite Ore NA - - NA 0/--

Phosphate Rock NA G - NA 1/-

Oil Combustion NA - - NA 0/--

Gas Combustion NA - - NA 0/--

Table 4. Evaluation of similarities of processes for CO.
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STATUS OF CONSOLIDATED

EMISSION REPORTING RULEMAKING

An Emissions Data Reporting Options Paper was distributed for comment in December 1994. The comments were compiled and summarized and are on the CHIEF BBS under the

"Factor & Inventory Information, Important Memos & Letters"

menu item. The file name is EM-OP-CM. Thirty-two people

provided comments representing seven EPA Headquarters

groups, eight EPA Regional Offices, four state and two local air

pollution agencies. The insights provided by the reviewers

will help EPA’s understanding of the issues that impact both

providers and users of emissions information. Concerns ranging from the burden placed on data providers to the utility of

the information for data users will be taken into consideration

as EPA evaluates methods for obtaining emissions information. EPA management is being briefed on the comments and

the Work Group will be meeting to decide on the next steps for

the rulemaking effort. ?

(Cont. from p. 3)

As can be seen in the evaluations for particulate, any of

the particulate emission factors for portland cement manufacturing or lime manufacturing may be appropriate choices, considering that there are two good matches and only two situations where factor may be underestimates. However, given the

uncertainty of the estimates, a value of 200 lb of total particulate and 30 lb of total PM-10 is chosen. Since hot mix asphalt

production is the only process which has an estimate of condensable emissions, those factors would be used if a very efficient (99 percent or better) air pollution control device were

installed. The emission factors for NOx

 and CO from the hot

mix asphalt production are selected because the firing conditions appear similar to the process of concern and had the

highest ratings in the tables. ?

REGIONAL CONTACT CORRECTIONS:

The Winter 1995 CHIEF Newsletter incorrectly

lists Henry Feingersh as the Region II contact for O3

/CO Inventory. The contact should be Demian Ellis,

(212) 637-4249.

The new Region III contact is Rose Quinto, (215)

597-9800 ext. 3164.

The PM-10 contact name for Region X was misspelled. It should read: Rindy Ramos, (202) 553-6510.

EFIG: KEEPING YOU INFORMED

Due to the influx of inquiries regarding the 1990 Clean Air

Act Amendments Title V Permits, the Emission Factor And Inventory Group has seen an increase in client support. In March

1995, the CHIEF Bulletin Board System (BBS) was accessed

over 5,400 times by 3,000 users. These users downloaded over

7,200 files, making it the second most used BBS out of seventeen bulletin board systems on the OAQPS TTN! Fax CHIEF,

our automated document delivery service, was accessed 655

times to successfully transmit 924 AP-42 sections or guidance

papers to end users. The Info CHIEF help desk responded to

965 phone calls and the EPA technical staff responded to 485

phone calls, for a grand total of 1,450 phone calls among eight

individual staff members!

We apologize for any frustrations you may encounter when

trying to contact us, but as you can see, we are keeping very

busy with requests for information. We encourage you to utilize the CHIEF BBS and Fax CHIEF services before coming

to us with technical questions, but the Info CHIEF help desk

is always available when you need technical assistance, (919)

541-5285. ?

INTERNATIONAL INVENTORY CONFERENCE

OCTOBER 10-13, 1995 ~ RALEIGH, NC

WE HEAR YOU!

A recent issue asked you to tell us what source

categories you’d most like to see addressed in

AP-42. The most frequently mentioned topic was

“Welding”, and we’re glad to report that a new section on this activity is included in the emergent Fifth

Edition. This section is already on the CHIEF BBS.

Also mentioned was “Electroplating And Metal Finishing”, now on the CHIEF BBS in draft form.

We do like your comments and suggestions,

and we try to comply. Thanks for letting us know.

The Emission Inventory: Programs And Progress,

an international specialty conference sponsored by the

Air & Waste Management Association and the U. S.

EPA has been rescheduled to be held October 10-13,

1995 in Raleigh. The conference will address the development, use and improvement of emission inventories, and will focus on evolving methods and issues in

the inventory development process. Papers are invited

for this conference and will be accepted until May 15.

For more information regarding paper submittals,

contact Garry Brooks, (919) 461-1360 or fax, (919)

461-1416.
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QUESTIONS & ANSWERS

In the Fall 1994 issue of the CHIEF Newsletter, we asked for readers' questions and comments concerning emission

estimation tools. Here are some questions our readers asked with answers from the Info CHIEF help desk.

Q: When are the services of the CHIEF BBS going to be

available through the Internet?

A: The Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards (OAQPS)

Technology Transfer Network (TTN), of which the CHIEF BBS

is a part, has been accessible through the Internet for some

time now. You can connect to the OAQPS TTN by using TELNET, a protocol or software that allows your computer to communicate with the TTN Internet host.

Unfortunately, not all types of TELNET interfaces allow

the user to download most files (binary files) from the TTN,

although ASCII text files can usually be downloaded or "captured". In order to be able to download binary files using

TELNET, you must either have a KERMIT protocol or a slip

account. KERMIT is a protocol that allows binary file transfers

between your terminal and the Internet host server. A slip

account is a serial line interface protocol that allows you to dial

into your Internet host through a modem and uses the protocols associated with the modem communication software. Check

your computer system setup or contact your computer system

administrator to see if either of these options are available to

you.

Many sites on the Internet are known as File Transfer Protocol (FTP) sites, which are data file servers that allow both

ASCII and binary file downloads by remote Internet users. Plans

are in effect to create an FTP site for the OAQPS TTN, which

would alleviate the current barriers for downloading, but no

date has been set for its completion. If you would like to try

accessing the CHIEF BBS through the Internet, TELNET to

ttnbbs.rtpnc.epa.gov.

Q: How can I obtain the L & E document series? How much

will it cost?

A: All of the L & E documents, a guidance series for locating

and estimating sources of specific toxic air pollutants, are

available from the National Technical Information Service

(NTIS), 1-800-553-6847. The cost of each of these documents

varies and is determined by NTIS. Many of the recent or

"popular" L & Es may be downloaded from the CHIEF BBS,

which is accessible via modem, (919) 541-5742 or via Internet

(see above). They are also available on the Air CHIEF CDROM. If you would like more information about the L & E

documents, contact Info CHIEF. ?

Q: May we get a copy of FIRE for Microsoft Windows®?

A: The latest version (3.0) of the Factor Information Retrieval

System (FIRE) operates under the Microsoft® (MS) Disk Operating System (DOS). Although FIRE is a MS-DOS program,

it contains a user interface which simulates a Windows environment—including pull-down menus and mouse capabilities.

Plans for a Windows® version of FIRE have been delayed, but

this new format may appear as early as Spring 1996. Nonetheless, you can always download the latest version of FIRE from

the CHIEF BBS under the "AP-42/E F Guidance" menu item.

Q: When will the Air CHIEF CD-ROM, which includes the

Fifth Edition of AP-42, be available, and how much will it cost?

A: The Air CHIEF CD-ROM version 4.0 should be available

by July 1995 from the U. S. Government Printing Office (GPO),

(202) 512-1800. Cost has not yet been determined but we estimate that it will be about $20. This version of Air CHIEF will

require Microsoft Windows®and will include the Fifth Edition

of AP-42, several AP-42 background reports, plus FIRE, all

Locating & Estimating (L & E) documents, the Source Classification Codes (SCC), Standard Industrial Codes (SIC), and the

Registry Of Toxic Effects Of Chemical Substances (RTECS)

Synonym list.

Q: Should not there be some type of table of contents file that

one can read for the AP-42 on the CHIEF BBS? Right now, if

you do not know the section numbers, you do not know which

section to download.

A: Each of the AP-42 files on the CHIEF BBS includes a short

title description along with the file name, so location of the

section you need should be fairly easy. AP-42 is structured so

that each chapter pertains to a general type of industry, such as

"Evaporation Loss Sources" or "Metallurgical Industry", and

sections within each chapter pertain to particular industry processes, such as "Surface Coating" or "Ferroalloy Production".

When using the CHIEF BBS to obtain AP-42 sections, you

will go through a series of menus, the first of which lists each

chapter and its short title. Just select the general industry

category of your choice to get a more detailed list of the sections within each chapter. From this menu, you can select the

specific industry process of your choice by the short title description for each section.

 If you would like to see a hard copy of the AP-42 table of

contents, you can call Fax CHIEF from your fax machine,

(919) 541-5626 or -0548, and select document number "1" to

have the table of contents faxed to you. Call Info CHIEF for

further details.

Info CHIEF

Help Desk

(919) 541-5285
6

EFIG EMISSION ESTIMATION TOOLS

STATUS UPDATE

AP-42: The Fifth Edition Compilation Of Air Pollutant Emission Factors (AP-42) is now in its final stages of editing and

reformatting. In April it was ready to go to the Government Printing Office for printing in its 2,017 pages of “glory.” It normally

takes 8 weeks for printing, and a few days for distribution and stocking, so it should be on sale in the GPO sales offices and mail

order by July 1, 1995. The price will be $56 per copy, which will include all information and updates published to date, along with

materials that have been residing on the CHIEF Bulletin Board System (BBS) and Fax CHIEF since Supplement F.

FIRE: The Factor Information Retrieval System (FIRE) is being updated sequentially with AP-42. New criteria, toxic/hazardous

and global warming factors are being included. Currently, the files are being cross-checked with the AP-42 files to verify that they

present the same factor for the same process, and that Source Classification Codes have been properly defined/transferred. Any

corrections or deletions of out of date information in FIRE should be completed soon. The criteria and toxics modules will be

updated then, but global factors will not be completely updated till mid-summer ’95. The FIRE files on the CHIEF BBS will

continue to be updated periodically, no less frequently than annually, but not likely to be updated more than two or three times per

year. Hopefully, AIRS will be modified to take machine loaded updates from FIRE within a year or so.

Source Classification Codes (SCC): The latest SCC file is now located on CHIEF and can be accessed interactively. Ron Ryan

updates the file approximately quarterly. The updated SCCs are also given to AIRS for updating into the AFS, which is now

viewed as the "official" file.

SCC/Factor Report: There continues to be demand for a hard copy list of emission factors and SCCs. FIRE will be used to

produce a hard copy document for criteria pollutants by about June ’95, which will resemble the old AFSEF report last produced

several years ago. Many changes have been made since then. This report may also go on the CHIEF BBS for downloading, if

desired.

Air CHIEFCD-ROM: The Air CHIEF CD-ROM will be improved with a new search engine (Folio VIEWS®), which will make

searches easier and quicker. The initiation of the pressing of the delayed CD-ROM has awaited the completion of the final

electronic files for the 5th Edition of AP-42, quality assurances/corrections of FIRE, and other components. New Locating &

Estimating . . . documents issued since the last version will be included. The new version (4.0) will be produced and sold by GPO

and is planned for release in June 1995, at a cost of $18.

TANKS: The software for calculating emissions from organic liquid storage vessels is now being updated and improved to

include new seal factors and other technical improvements. The new software is to be completed by early summer and put on the

CHIEF BBS. This new version of TANKS is not expected to be available in time to be included in the Air CHIEF CD-ROM

version 4.0, though the current MS-DOS version will be included for downloading to one’s hard drive.

CHIEF BBS and FaxCHIEF: The CHIEF section of the TTN electronic bulletin board and the “fax back” device we call Fax

CHIEF will continue to be major vehicles for dissemination of information and updated emission factors. We continue to “push”

our clients to help themselves with these services rather than calling our staff who are overburdened with 500 or more calls per

month wanting emission factor assistance. All updates to AP-42 are first put on the CHIEF BBS and Fax CHIEF and are final

sections before they are accumulated periodically and printed (usally on an annual basis) in paper form.

APTI Satellite Training: On April 26, 1995, there was a satellite down link to the APTI/NC State centers established around the

country for a session aimed at assisting the states put together information packages on emission estimation that they can pass

to industry, etc. for permit purposes. Our tools were discussed as well as other methods of estimation, and other issues related

to permits. The audience was composed of both inventory and permit personnel. Industry representatives were admitted as

space was available. The crux of the presentation was to get the users of the information to go to documents, CHIEF BBS, Fax

CHIEF, FIRE, TANKS, etc. as much as possible without calling the EFIG staff. ?
7

"TLC" — AP-42 TEAM LEADER'S CORNER

This month I have a plea. The EPA AP-42 Team has been

responding to over 450 telephone calls a month related to estimation of emissions for permits. Our limited staff is sympathetic with the needs of all of our clients, but we cannot do

productive work to improve emission factors and other tools

that we produce while responding to telephone calls. Please

review the references, review the background documents, check

the CHIEF BBS for any related questions and answers that

others may have generated, and take every effort possible prior

to calling the staff regarding a specific factor. Chances are that

if we have the information, we will have already published it

somewhere in the tools we have. Also, if you do need to contact us directly, first put a question on the CHIEF BBS. These

messages are easier to respond to efficiently and make it easier

to share the question and answer with others. If you do place

a phone call and get someone on the line or have to leave a

voice mail message, please be patient and remember that we are

trying to support and service the permit community as part of

our clientele, but our organizational charter does not really

give us responsibilities in that area.

The AP-42 Team has been working extremely hard to get

the Fifth Edition of Compilation Of Air Pollutant Emission

Factors, AP-42, published and available for distribution. We

have continued to have more delays than we anticipated, and

we apologize for any incoveniences you may be experiencing

as a result. Please see the update on page 6 for information on

the latest expected releases of AP-42, FIRE, TANKS, Air

CHIEF, and the other emission factor estimation tools which

fall under the purview of the AP-42 Team, composed of Dennis

Beauregard, Roy Huntley, Whit Joyner, Ron Myers, Ron Ryan,

Dallas Safriet and me. In spite of the problems we have had

getting these products to you in the manner we expected, we

were very pleased to receive many supportive comments from

our clients as we were in the process of updating our mailing

key. Please feel free to communicate with us via mail and the

CHIEF BBS—we appreciate your input because it helps us

focus our limited resources on the highest priorities of our clients. Thanks! ?

— Jim Southerland

southerland.jim@epamail.epa.gov

The CHIEF Newsletter is produced quarterly by the Emission Inventory Branch,

Technical Support Division, of EPA’s Office Of Air Quality Planning And Standards. Its

purpose is to enhance communication within the emission factor and inventory community

by providing new and useful information and by allowing for the exchange of information

between and among its readers. Comments on the Newsletter and articles for inclusion

in it are welcome and should be directed to Emission Factor And Inventory Group (MD14), US EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711; telephone (919) 541-5493.

The contents of The CHIEF Newsletter do not necessarily reflect the views and

policies of the Agency, neither does the mention of trade names or commercial products

constitute endorsement or recommendation for use.

ADOPT-A-FACTOR

The “Adopt-a-Factor” program was proposed to

be a means of support for state emission factor development projects by providing funds through the grant

process. Under the current climate, we now expect

that the program grants for this activity will be rolled

together with other funds into the popular “block

grant” process. We will still make an effort to coordinate and act as a sounding board and clearinghouse

for emission factor development activities, but to a

lesser degree than we had first envisioned. Check

future issues of the CHIEF Newsletter for more definitive and final news regarding this topic. ?

EPA EMISSION INVENTORY

CONTACTS MEETING

The second EPA Emission Inventory Contacts meeting

was held in Research Triangle Park, NC, on March 29 - 30. The

meeting was hosted by the Emission Factor And Inventory

Group. Attendance at the meeting was good, with representatives from nine of the ten EPA Regional Offices, from the Office

Of Mobile Sources, and from several groups within OAQPS.

Agenda items included Periodic Emission Inventories, Federal Register Processing of 1990 SIP Inventories, documenting

inventory reports and data bases on compact disk-read only

memory (CD-ROM), AIRS, and the Emissions Reporting Rule.

Status reports were presented on several other activities. The

primary follow-up activity to the meeting will be the gathering

of electronic files (text and data bases) that make up the 1990

SIP inventories to archive on CD-ROM. This effort will address past problems concerning difficulty in storing and accessing SIP inventory information and providing information

for Freedom Of Information Act requests.

Thanks to all who attended the meeting for making it

another successful one! ?
8

The CHIEF Newsletter

Volume VI, No. 2

Spring 1995

 HOW BIG IS A BARREL?

Units from AP-42 "Appendix A":

An often confusing unit of measure is a barrel. A barrel’s capacity is determined often by who uses the term,

or what it contains. For example:

1 barrel (bbl) of petroleum or related products = 42 gallons

1 barrel of Portland cement is 375 pounds, flour-196 pounds, pork or fish-200 pounds, etc..

1 barrel of beer (US, liquid) is 31.5 (36 in Britain) gallons (more “kick” per gallon than petroleum?)

1 barrel of (US) dry measure, is 3.29122 bushels or 4.2104 cubic feet.

A barrel may be called a “drum”, but a drum usually holds 55 gallons!

A barrel roll does not have weight, but is a complete “turn” in an air plane.

2 barrels (of tobacco) is equal to one hogshead, or about 1000 pounds.

Just watch the units and contents so they don’t “barrel” you over! Can you think of others?

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