2015 IL App (1st) 133138

Nos. 1-13-3138 & 1-13-3865 (cons.) 

Opinion filed March 18, 2015

Third Division

IN THE

APPELLATE COURT OF ILLINOIS

FIRST DISTRICT

THE RAYMOND W. PONTARELLI TRUST, 

Under the Trust Authority Dated December 6, 

1979, as Amended and Restated, by and Through 

its co-trustee, The Chicago Trust Company, N.A.; 

THE FLORENCE PONTARELLI 2011 

REVOCABLE TRUST, Under the Trust Authority 

Dated July 21, 2011, as Amended by and Through 

one of its Co-trustees, Michel Pontarelli; and 

FLORENCE PONTARELLI, by Michel Pontarelli 

as the Holder of Her Power of Attorney, 

Plaintiffs and CounterdefendantsAppellees, 

v. 

MICHAEL PONTARELLI, VALERIE P. 

BURGESS, LOUISE COSMANO, PONTARELLI 

MANAGEMENT, LLC, an Illinois Limited 

Liability Company, 

Defendants and CounterplaintiffsAppellants.

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Appeal from the Circuit Court 

of Cook County. 

No. 11 CH 40647 

The Honorable 

Kathleen M. Pantle, 

Judge, presiding. 

JUSTICE HYMAN delivered the judgment of the court, with opinion. 

Justices Lavin and Mason concurred in the judgment and opinion. 

OPINION

¶ 1 Defendants filed this interlocutory appeal from three orders, two of which involved the 

leasing of condominiums held in a trust and the disbursement of trust income. The third order 
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denied defendants' motion to dismiss. The first two orders do not qualify as injunctions and, 

therefore, are not appealable. The third order does not purport to finally resolve any issue and is 

likewise not ripe for appeal. Hence, we dismiss defendants' appeals for lack of jurisdiction. 

¶ 2 This is not the first time we have dismissed for lack of jurisdiction an appeal filed by 

defendants' counsel in this matter. An appeal was similarly dismissed in In re Guardianship of 

Pontarelli, 2014 IL App (1st) 122782-U, ¶ 11-12, appeal denied, No. 117930 (Ill. Sept. 24, 

2014). Thus, in a short time, we have dismissed three frivolous appeals that wasted judicial 

resources and resulted in appellees incurring needless attorney fees. Defendants' attorney, 

Stephen M. Komie, signed each notice of appeal and each brief in the past and current appeals. 

Accordingly, we sanction attorney Komie under Supreme Court Rule 375(b). Ill. S. Ct. R. 375(b) 

(eff. Feb. 1, 1994). 

¶ 3 BACKGROUND

¶ 4 During the course of their marriage, plaintiff Florence Pontarelli and her husband 

Raymond acquired six multi-unit buildings and three condominiums in Cook County. Raymond 

passed away in 2011. The multi-unit buildings are held by six limited liability companies (the 

property LLCs). Raymond's trust—which has been restated several times—owns a majority in 

three of the property LLCs, while the Florence's trust—also restated—owns a majority in the 

other three. Defendants Michael Pontarelli, Valerie Burgess, and Louise Cosmano are 

Raymond's children from a previous marriage. Michael and Louise are minority members of all 

the property LLCs. Defendant Pontarelli Management manages all of the property LLCs. 

Michael owns a 50% interest in Pontarelli Management.

¶ 5 In November 2011, Florence filed suit against the property LLCs, Michael, Valerie, 

Louise, Pontarelli Management, and others seeking various relief. Two pleadings are currently 
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pending in the circuit court. First, plaintiffs second amended complaint, which seeks: (i) a 

declaratory judgment that Michael's company—Pontarelli Construction—is not the manager of 

the property LLCs or Pontarelli Management; (ii) an inspection of the records and an accounting 

from the property LLCs and Pontarelli Management; (iii) the expulsion of Michael, Louise, and 

Valerie from the property LLCs; (iv) the dissolution of Pontarelli Management; (v) a declaration 

that Michael and Louise may not serve as trustees of either trust during Florence's lifetime; and 

(vi) a declaration that Raymond's trust had no interest in the marital residence. Florence further 

alleges breach of fiduciary duty against Michael, Valerie, Louise, and Pontarelli Construction. In 

the second amended complaint, plaintiff Michel Pontarelli stood in for Florence as holder of her 

power of attorney. Michel is also a co-trustee of Florence's trust, though defendants dispute her 

status as trustee. 

¶ 6 Defendants' counterclaim is also pending in the circuit court and that pleading seeks: (i) 

the removal of Florence as trustee of both trusts and the appointment of Michael and Louise as 

co-trustees; (ii) an accounting from both trusts; (iii) a constructive trust; and (iv) an injunction 

preventing Florence from dissipating the trusts' assets. Defendants further alleged conversion 

against Florence. 

¶ 7 In July 2012, the trial court granted in part defendants' motion for a temporary restraining 

order, preventing Florence from acting as trustee of either trust. The trial court also enjoined the 

sale of two condominiums held by the trusts. The parties eventually entered an agreed order 

indefinitely extending the restraining order. 

¶ 8 The Income Order

¶ 9 In November 2012, plaintiffs moved for the release of certain income and funds from the 

trusts, arguing that defendants had withheld trust funds rightfully due to Florence and that she 
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could not access certain funds due to the court's injunction. Plaintiffs further moved for the 

release of funds from the sale of real estate in proportion to the trusts' ownership interest in the 

property LLCs and to require a quarterly accounting from defendants. 

¶ 10 On September 12, 2013, the trial court entered a memorandum order, granting in part and 

denying in part plaintiffs' motion (the income order). The court noted that Florence was the sole 

income beneficiary of the trusts and was therefore entitled to all trust funds, without qualification 

or justification. The court also noted that the injunction against Florence did not prohibit her 

from receiving income from the trusts. In the income order, the court ordered defendants: (i) to 

account for all of the property LLCs' funds on a quarterly basis; (ii) to provide a complete 

accounting within 21 days; (iii) to schedule an evidentiary hearing on the amount of funds due to 

Florence; and (iv) to set a preliminary injunction hearing regarding Florence's capacity to act as 

trustee. 

¶ 11 The Lease Order

¶ 12 In December 2012, defendants moved for authorization to lease two condominium units 

held by the trusts, not the property LLCs. The two units had been joined to make a single large 

unit, and the defendants sought the court's permission to separate the units again. The trial court 

had enjoined sale of the condominiums as part of the July 2012 temporary restraining order. The 

trial court found that the trusts were the sole owners of the condominiums, but that the 

defendants had standing as residual beneficiaries to request the court's approval to lease the 

properties to prevent waste of the trusts' assets. 

¶ 13 On September 12, 2013, the trial court granted defendants' motion to lease the 

condominiums, but would not allow any construction on the units (the lease order). The court 

also set certain restrictions on the leases, such as: (i) a limitation to a six-month term; (ii) they 
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cannot be rented to a person with any interest in the litigation or with financial ties to the 

defendants; (iii) they must be rented at or above fair market value; (iv) there can be no rent-topurchase option; and (v) the lease must be in writing and tendered to plaintiffs' attorney within 

48-hours of execution. The court further ordered defendants to account to plaintiffs for the rents 

and expenses quarterly and to pay Florence any income from the rental. 

¶ 14 Defendants' Motion to Dismiss

¶ 15 In August 2013, defendants moved to dismiss the amended complaint under section 2-

619 of the Code of Civil Procedure. 735 ILCS 5/2-619 (West 2012). Defendants asserted that 

Florence lacked the legal capacity to sue because she has dementia, is blind, resides in a nursing 

home, and cannot live on her own without assistance. Defendants attached an affidavit from a 

psychiatrist, Dr. Stafford Henry, who stated that he evaluated Florence in August 2011. Dr. 

Henry diagnosed Florence with dementia, memory loss, and impaired executive function. He 

concluded that Florence was totally incapable of making financial decisions and partially 

incapable of making personal decisions. The defendants argued that, because of Florence's 

incapacity, Michael and Louise were the rightful co-trustees and, therefore, Florence did not 

have standing to bring the case. On November 15, 2013, the trial court denied defendants' motion 

to dismiss, finding it improper to address the issue of Florence's capacity and mental health on a 

motion to dismiss. 

¶ 16 These consolidated appeals followed. 

¶ 17 ANALYSIS

¶ 18 Defendants filed this interlocutory appeal from three orders: (i) the September 12, 2013 

order granting defendants' motion for authorization to lease two condominium units; (ii) the 

September 12, 2013 order granting plaintiffs' motion for release of income funds of the trust; and 
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(iii) the November 15, 2013 order denying defendants' motion to dismiss under section 2-619 of 

the Code of Civil Procedure (735 ILCS 5/2-619(a)(2) (West 2012)). We dismiss defendants' 

appeal for lack of jurisdiction. 

¶ 19 September 12, 2013 Lease and Income Orders 

¶ 20 Defendants characterize the September 12, 2013 lease and income orders as injunctive 

and thus reviewable under Rule 307 (Ill. S. Ct. R. 307(a)(1) (eff. Feb. 26, 2010)), or as 

reviewable under Rule 304 (Ill. S. Ct. R. 304(b)(1), (2) (eff. Feb. 26, 2010)). We disagree. 

¶ 21 "An appeal may be taken to the Appellate Court from an interlocutory order of court *** 

granting, modifying, refusing, dissolving, or refusing to dissolve or modify an injunction ***." 

Ill. S. Ct. R. 307(a)(1) (eff. Feb. 26, 2010). "To determine what constitutes an appealable 

injunctive order under Rule 307(a)(1), we must look to the substance of the action, not its form." 

(Internal quotation marks omitted.) Doe No. 1 v. Northwestern Memorial Hospital, 2014 IL App 

(1st) 140212, ¶ 29. An injunctive order requires a party to do a particular thing, or to refrain from 

doing a particular thing, "the most common sort of which operate as a restraint upon the party in 

the exercise of his real or supposed rights." (Internal quotation marks omitted.) In re A Minor, 

127 Ill. 2d 247, 261 (1989). But orders properly characterized as "ministerial" or 

"administrative" are not subject to interlocutory appeal as of right because they only regulate the 

procedural aspects of the case before the court. Khan v. BDO Seidman, LLP, 2012 IL App (4th) 

120359, ¶ 48. 

¶ 22 "A person establishing a trust may specify in the instrument the rights, powers, duties, 

limitations and immunities applicable to the trustee, beneficiary and others ***." 760 ILCS 

5/3(1) (West 2012). Here, both trusts define the trustee's powers simply as "governed by Illinois 

law." Accordingly, the Trust and Trustees Act (Act) (760 ILCS 5/1 et seq. (West 2012)) defines 
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the powers of the trustee. See 760 ILCS 5/3(1) (West 2012) ("The provisions of this Act apply to 

the trust to the extent that they are not inconsistent with the provisions of the instrument."). 

¶ 23 Under the Act, a trustee has the power to lease trust assets. 760 ILCS 5/4.02 (West 2012). 

Moreover, "during any period in which any litigation is pending which may void or invalidate 

the trust in whole or in part or affect the rights, powers, duties or discretions of the trustee," the 

trustee retains "all of the rights, powers and duties given to or imposed upon the trustee by law 

and the provisions of the trust instrument *** except as otherwise directed by the court." 

(Emphasis added.) 760 ILCS 5/4.18, 4 (West 2012). 

¶ 24 The record does not indicate that the order relating to the rental of the condominiums was 

injunctive in nature. No emergency existed that required intervention of the court's traditional 

equitable powers, nor did defendants style their motion as one for injunctive relief. The 

condominiums had sat vacant since May 2011. The order did not purport to adjudicate any of the 

substantive issues pending between the parties, but was entered for the purpose of allowing the 

trusts' assets to generate income and preventing waste. 

¶ 25 Defendants assert that the order's limitations on the leasing of the condominiums and the 

income order’s accounting requirements operate as injunctions. Nothing in these orders regulates 

the parties' conduct in their everyday activities outside the litigation, and they are a valid exercise 

of the court’s power under the Act. See 760 ILCS 5/4.18 (West 2012). Virtually every order 

entered by a court compels a party to do or prohibits a party from doing something. But that does 

not make every order an injunction. It is the court's prerogative under the Act to ensure that the 

trusts continue to operate during litigation and that Florence receives what she is due, especially 

where it is undisputed that she is the trusts' sole income beneficiary. The leasing and income 
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orders were necessary and appropriate in the administration of the litigation and, therefore, are

not subject to an interlocutory appeal. 

¶ 26 Defendants further argue that this court has jurisdiction under Rule 304. Under that rule, 

a judgment or order is appealable without a special finding where it is entered: (i) “in the 

administration of an estate, guardianship, or similar proceeding which finally determines a right 

or status of a party” (emphasis added) (Ill. S. Ct. R. 304(b)(1) (eff. Feb. 26, 2010)); and (ii) “in 

the administration of a receivership, rehabilitation, liquidation, or other similar proceeding which 

finally determines a right or status of a party and which is not appealable under Rule 307(a)” 

(emphasis added) (Ill. S. Ct. R. 304(b)(2) (eff. Feb. 26, 2010)). Under these subsections, to 

satisfy the finality requirement, "[i]t is not necessary that the order resolve all matters in the 

estate, but it must resolve all matters on the particular issue." (Internal quotation marks omitted.)

Cushing v. Greyhound Lines, Inc., 2012 IL App (1st) 100768, ¶ 84. 

¶ 27 Because neither the income nor leasing orders purport to fully resolve any matters or 

issues regarding the status or rights of any of the parties, properties, or corporations at stake, they 

are not appealable under Rule 304(b)(1) or (2). 

¶ 28 Denial of Defendants' Motion to Dismiss

¶ 29 Defendants next argue that the November 15, 2013 denial of their motion to dismiss is 

appealable under Rule 304(b). Ill. S. Ct. R. 304(b)(1), (2) (eff. Feb. 26, 2010). We disagree. 

¶ 30 As noted above, Rule 304 requires the order appealed to finally determine the right or 

status of a party. The denial of defendants’ motion to dismiss did no such thing. As the trial court 

noted in its oral ruling, “I could never reach a complicated issue about somebody’s mental health 

condition on a 2-619 motion to dismiss,” and it also noted that the issue of Florence’s 

competence as trustee was not appropriately disposed of on the pleadings and a single affidavit. 
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The trial court did not make any final determination regarding Florence’s capacity to act as 

trustee. Accordingly, the November 15, 2013 denial of defendants’ motion to dismiss is not 

appealable. See Walker v. Carnival Cruise Lines, Inc., 383 Ill. App. 3d 129, 132 (2008) (“A trial 

court's denial of a motion to dismiss is an interlocutory order that is not final and appealable.”). 

¶ 31 SANCTIONS

¶ 32 Plaintiffs assert that defendants' multiple frivolous appeals warrant sanctions in 

consolidated appeals numbers 1-13-3138 and 1-13-3865. We agree. 

¶ 33 Illinois Supreme Court Rule 375 provides: 

"If, after consideration of an appeal or other action pursued in a reviewing court, it is 

determined that the appeal or other action itself is frivolous, or that an appeal or other 

action was not taken in good faith, for an improper purpose, such as to harass or to 

cause unnecessary delay or needless increase in the cost of litigation, or the manner of 

prosecuting or defending the appeal or other action is for such purpose, an appropriate 

sanction may be imposed upon any party or the attorney or attorneys of the party or 

parties." Ill. S. Ct. R. 375(b) (eff. Feb. 1, 1994). 

An appeal is frivolous where "it is not reasonably well grounded in fact and not warranted by 

existing law or a good-faith argument for the extension, modification, or reversal of existing 

law." Id. The standard we apply is objective: "an appeal will be found to be frivolous if a 

reasonable prudent attorney would not in good faith have brought such an appeal." Ill. S. Ct. R. 

375(b), Committee Comments (adopted Aug. 1, 1989); Kennedy v. Miller, 197 Ill. App. 3d 785, 

791 (1990). 

¶ 34 Defendants’ attorney Stephen Komie has now sought three interlocutory appeals, each 

frivolous, each lacking merit, and each a waste of judicial resources. In case number 1-13-3865, 
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regarding the denial of defendants’ motion to dismiss, we found no basis in the record to support 

Komie's contention that the trial court made a final determination of Florence's capacity to act as 

trustee when it denied that motion. Without a basis, the appeal smacks of harassment and delay. 

¶ 35 Nor, as we have explained, can we find reasonable merit in appeal number 1-13-3138. 

This is especially so with the income order, which resulted from Komie's own motion, and which

in form and substance does not seek injunctive relief. See In re Estate of Wilson, 373 Ill. App. 3d 

1066, 1075 (2007) ("The party seeking a preliminary injunction or temporary restraining order 

must establish that it has a protectable right, that it will suffer irreparable harm if injunctive relief 

is not granted, that its remedy at law is inadequate, and that there is a likelihood of success on the 

merits." (Internal quotation marks omitted.)). 

¶ 36 Unlike the trial court's temporary restraining order of July 2012, which prevented 

Florence from acting as trustee, plaintiffs' motion for release of income from the trust sought to 

give Florence her due as the sole income beneficiary of the trusts and ensures the trusts continue 

to function as normally as possible during litigation. This is administrative in nature, and nothing 

in Komie's appeal indicates that he had a good-faith basis for filing the appeal when he did. 

¶ 37 Although we limit the sanctions to the two appeals before us, we previously dismissed 

Komie's appeal of Florence's guardianship proceedings for lack of jurisdiction in In re 

Guardianship of Pontarelli, 2014 IL App (1st) 122782-U. In that appeal, Louise had filed a 

petition seeking guardianship over Florence. Id. ¶ 2. The trial court dismissed the petition 

without prejudice due to Michel's established power of attorney. Id. Komie appealed on behalf of 

Louise, and we dismissed that appeal as a premature appeal from a nonfinal order. Id. ¶¶ 11-12 

("the language, 'without prejudice,' clearly manifests the intent of the trial court that the order not 

be considered final and appealable"). 
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¶ 38 That Komie filed multiple rejected appeals in a relatively short period is not, as he insists, 

simply zealous advocacy in action. Rather, the circumstances and facts of each appeal indicate a 

lack of good faith. Zealous advocacy must be reasonable and diligent advocacy. Lewis v. Cotton 

Belt Route—Saint Louis Southwestern Ry. Co., 217 Ill. App. 3d 94, 124 (1991) (Rarick, P.J., 

dissenting) ("zealous advocacy must fall within reasonable bounds of propriety."); see Parkway 

Bank & Trust Co. v. Korzen, 2013 IL App (1st) 130380, ¶ 87 ("Zealous advocacy *** must not 

deteriorate into zealotry ***."). "While an attorney should be an advocate for his client, he is not 

obligated to urge frivolous points which are contrary to the law and the facts." (Emphasis and 

internal quotation marks omitted.) People v. Townsel, 14 Ill. App. 3d 105, 112 (1973). 

¶ 39 Accordingly, we grant plaintiffs' motion for sanctions against Komie in the form of the 

attorney fees and costs associated with the appeals before us. An award of plaintiffs' attorney 

fees is appropriate to deter further unjustified appeals. We direct that, within 14 days of the date 

of this opinion, plaintiffs shall submit a petition for fees and costs under Illinois Supreme Court 

Rule 375(b) (eff. Feb. 1, 1994). Komie may respond within 14 days. This court will then issue an 

order regarding reasonable fees and costs. 

¶ 40 Appeals dismissed. Plaintiffs' motion for sanctions granted.