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UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

OLIGOCENE FORAMINIFERA FROM 

CHOCTAW BLUFF, ALABAMA

Prepared in cooperation with the 

ALABAMA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 189-D

**•
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 

Harold L. Ickes, Secretary

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

W. C. Mendenhall, Director

Professional Paper 189—D

OLIGOGENE FORAMINIFERA FROM GHOGTAW BLUFF

ALABAMA

BY 

JOSEPH A. CUSHMAN AND WINNIE McGLAMERY

Prepared in cooperation with the 

ALABAMA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

Shorter contributions to general geology, 1937

(Pages 103-119)

UNITED STATES

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 

WASHINGTON : 1938

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D. C. Price 10 wnta
CONTENTS

—————— Page

Introduction ___-____--_--__-______-__-_____________--__________________--_-_-_-----_____-__--_-__----_-_-___-_ 103

Systematic descriptions__________________________________________________________________________________________ 103

Textulariidae__ _ _-_____-_--_________-_____________________________-______---_--_--__-_______---___--_____ 103

Valvulinidae ______________________________________________________________________________________________ 104

Miliolidae ___ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 104

Lagenidae ________________________________________________________________________________________________ 104

Polymorphinidae __________________________________________________________________________________________ 105

Nonionidae ________________________________________________________________________________________________ 106

Buliminidae_ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ 107

Rotaliidae._____________________________________________________________________________________________ 109

Amphisteginidae_ _ _________________________________________________________________________________________ 111

Cassidulinidae_ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Ill

Anomalinidae _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 111

Planorbulinidae__ _ _______________________________________________________________________________________ 112

ILLUSTRATIONS

Page 

PLATE 24. Valvulinidae, Miliolidae, Lagenidae, Polymorphinidae, and Nonionidae_____________________________________ 114

25. Nonionidae and Buliminidae___-_____________--________-_________-_-__---__________-__-----__--__--_- 115

26. Buliminidae and Rotaliidae---____-_____________________-___________-________________-_______--_____--_ 116

27. Rotaliidae,__________________________________________________________________________ 117

28. Amphisteginidae, Cassidulinidae, Anomalinidae, and Planorbulinidae.______________________________________ 118

n
OLIGOCENE FORAMINIFERA FROM CHOCTAW BLUFF, ALABAMA

By JOSEPH A. CUSHMAN and WINNIE MCGLAMERY

INTRODUCTION

The exposure at Choctaw Bluff on the Alabama 

River, Clarke County, Ala., described by Smith * and 

Cooke,2 is a bluff about 40 feet high. It is the southernmost outcrop of Tertiary limestone on the Alabama 

River. The section is as follows:

Section at Choctaw Bluff

Pliocene or Pleistocene: F<- «»• 

Sand and red loam with gravel at base (terrace 

deposit)_________________________________ 20

Miocene:

Blue clay with lignitized or partly lignitized 

stumps._________________________________ 5

Greenish, unfossiliferous clay_________________ 5

Oligocene:

Yellowish-gray soft marl with Anomia sp______ 2-3

Cream-colored argillaceous limestone with oysters and casts of other pelecypods; Teredo 

drcula abundant at base.__________________ 10

In the collections of the Alabama Museum of Natural History there is a specimen of Echinolampas aldrichi from Choctaw Bluff, but the zone from which 

it came is not known.

The two beds at Choctaw Bluff that contain marine 

fossils are referred to the Chickasawhay marl member 

of the Byram marl by Cooke,3 who bases his correlation 

chiefly on the presence in them of Echinolmnpas aldrichi, Teredo circula, and Anomia sp. Cooke regards 

the Chickasawhay marl as the youngest known part 

of the Vicksburg group (Oligocene), although some 

other geologists classify it as Miocene.

The limestone and soft marl carry a well-preserved 

foraminiferal fauna constituting a single faunal unit. 

For a study of the fauna, the Alabama Geological 

Survey made collections from the limestone and marl 

on three field trips during 1935—two in the spring 

and one in the autumn, when the river was unusually 

low. On one of these trips, fragmentary parts of an 

echinoid were collected from the upper part of the 

limestone. These seem too poorly preserved for specific identification.

i Smith, E. A., and others, Report on the geology of the Coastal Plain of Alabama, p. 114, Alabama Qeol, Survey, 1894.

t Cooke, Wythe, Geology of Alabama: Alabama Qeol. Survey Special Rept. 14, 

p. 289. 1926.

« Cooke, C, W., Notes on the Vicksburg group: Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists 

Bull., vol. 19, p. 1170, 1935.

The foraminiferal fauna of these beds is very interesting, as it is in many respects different from r,ny 

others of the various known members of the Vicksburg. 

Although it includes species common both to the limestone and the soft marl above, showing that they are 

closely related, there are enough differences in the fauna 

to show that the ecologic conditions at the time of 

deposition of the marl and the limestone were not the 

same.

In the lower portion of the exposed section there is a 

peculiar fauna containing some forms which are d:fficult to place, such as the species of Valwulammina, a 

genus confined, so far as our previous knowledge showed, 

largely to the middle Eocene of western Europe, Cuba,' 

and Florida. There is a possibility that these may have 

been reworked from older strata and do not belong 

with the other constituents of the fauna.

In the upper marl bed above the limestone are other 

species which have affiliations with the Miocene rather 

than with the Eocene. With these, however, are species 

which so far as we know are confined to the OligoceTie. 

It is probable that these soft marls represent different 

ecologic conditions from those of the other formations 

in the Vicksburg group and that the differences in the 

faunas may be due to this cause.

Several species are illustrated hero which cannot be 

definitely identified at present, but it has been thought, 

that the figures may draw the attention of other workers 

to these species and that more may thus be learned 

about them. It is evident that net all the species of 

the marl are recorded here, but those which are represented by fairly numerous specimens are illustrated on 

the accompanying plates.

SYSTEMATIC DESCRIPTIONS

Family TEXTULAKIIDAE

Genus TEXTULARIA Defrance, 1824

Textularia subhauerii Cushman

Textularia subhauerii Gushman, U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. P-t>er 

129, pp. 89, 126, pi. 14, figs. 2a, b, 1922; Prof. Paper 133, 

p. 16, 1923; Prof. Paper 181, p. 8, pi. 1, fig. 10, 193f.

There are numerous specimens from the lower portion of the section which seem identical with this 

species, known from the Oligocene aiici upper Eocen.fr 

of the Coastal Plain region of the United States.

103
104 SHOETEE CONTEIBUTIONS TO GENEEAL GEOLOGY, 1937

Textularia cf. T. agglutinans D'Orbigny

Specimens very similar to that figured from the 

Byram marl 4 occurred at Choctaw Bluff in the limestone at water level and in the marl above the limestone.

Textularia cf. T. candeiana D'Orbigny

There are very rare specimens in the lower part of 

the section which have the later chambers very rapidly 

enlarging and which resemble this species, known from 

Miocene to Recent in the Florida region.

Family VAIVUIINIDAE

Genus VAIVUIINA D'Orbigny, 1826

Valvulina sp.?

Plate 24, figure 1

This species, though represented by several specimens, is not sufficiently well preserved to give full 

details for description. In some characters it remotely 

resembles V. italiana Cushman, from the Oligocene of 

Italy, but in other respects it is more like some of the 

species of the European Eocene. The early stages 

form a triangular test with flattened sides and fairly 

sharp angles. The later portion becomes spread out 

and in some specimens seems to have more than three 

chambers to the coil. It is a species which further 

material may show to be an important one for this 

horizon.

Genus CIAVUIINA D'Orbigny, 1826

Clavulina cf. C. tricarinata D'Orbigny

Plate 24, figure 3

Although C. tricarinata has not been recorded from 

the Tertiary of the Gulf Coastal Plain of the United 

States, the specimens from the lower part of the Choctaw Bluff section are very similar to recent ones. They 

occur in some numbers in the lower part of the section. 

That these are true Clavulinas is shown by the welldeveloped tooth in the aperture. This is the earliest 

record in the American Tertiary of a true Clavulina, 

those heretofore recorded under this genus belonging to 

Liebusella or allied genera.

Genus VALVTJLAMMINA Cushman, 1933 

Valvulammina sp.?

Plate 24, figure 2

The specimen shown in our figures evidently belongs 

to this genus, which so far as is known has been limited 

to the middle Eocene. Species close to this are recorded 

from the Eocene of the Paris Basin and also from Cuba. 

It may possibly have been derived from older sediments 

and redeposited. Further collecting will be necessary 

to establish its occurrence as an Oligocene fossil.

«Cushman. J. A., U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 129-E, pi. 14, figs, la, b, 1922.

Family MILIOLIDAE

Genus QUINQTJELOCTJLINA D'Orbigny, 1826 

Quinqueloculina crassa D'Orbigny?

Plate 24, figure 4

The best-preserved species of this group in our 

material is that here figured. It is apparent!;7 the same 

as that referred to the above name from the Byram 

marl.5 The chambers are rather sharply angled, and 

the entire surface has distinct longitudinal costae.

Genus TRIIOCUIINA D'Orbigny, 1826 

Triloculina sp.?

Plate 24, figure 5

A small, smooth species is represented by several 

specimens, one of which is figured on plate 24. It 

occurs in the limestone at the base of the section.

Genus PYRGO Defrance, 1824 

Pyrgo inornata (D'Orbigny)? Cushman

Plate 24, figures 6, 7

Biloculina inornata D'Orbigny, Foraminiferes fossiles du bassin

tertiaire de Vienne, p. 266, pi. 16, figs. 7-9, 1846. 

Cushman, U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 129, p. 143, pi. 

33, fig. 7, 1922; Prof. Paper 133, p. 57, 1923

This species has been previously recorded from the 

Byram marl and from the Mint Spring mrrl member 

of the Marianna limestone. Specimens ar^ not well 

preserved in our material, but some of them show slight 

traces of longitudinal striations. These mpy possibly 

be worn specimens of P. oligocenica Cushman.6

Family IAGENIDAE 

Genus DENTAIINA D'Orbigny, 1826 

Dentalina cf. D. communis D'Orbigny

Plate 24, figure 8

A very few specimens, mostly broken, of this species 

occur in the soft marl above the limestone. The figured 

specimen has but four chambers but is very similar to 

specimens referred to this species from the Mint Spring 

marl member of Leaf River, Miss.7

Dentalina catenulata? H. B. Brady

Plate 24, figure 9

Our figured specimen is more nearly complete and 

evidently the same as the form referred to this species 

from the Marianna limestone of Fishers Oeek, Ala.8 

The test is smooth except for the short longitudinal

s Idem, p. 102, pi. 27, figs. 1, 2, 1922.

6 Cushman, J. A., Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 11, p. 26, pi. 4, figs. 

5a, b, 1935.

' Cushman, J. A., U. S, Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 129-E, p. 129, pi. 30, fig. 4,1922. 

s Cusbman, J. A., U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 133, p. 28, pi. 3, fig. 14,1923.
OLIGOCENE FORAMINIFERA FROM CHOCTAW BLUFF, ALABAMA 105

costae above the sutures. The species is best known 

as a Recent one from the Indo-Pacific, a relationship 

noted in many other species of our Oligocene.

Genus NODOSARIA Lamarck, 1812 

Nodosaria catesbyi D'Orbigny

Plate 24, figure 10

Nodosaria catesbyi D'Orbigny, in De la Sagra, Histoire physique,

politique et naturelle de 1'tle de Cuba, Foraminiferes,

p. 16, pi. 11, figs. 8-10, 1839. 

Cushdan, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 4, p. 28, pi. 5, fig. 4,

1930. 

Cushman and Ponton, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 9, p. 61,

1932. 

Cushman and Cahill, U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 175,

p. 14, pi. 5, fig. 5, 1933. 

Nodosaria sp.? Cushman, U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 129,

p. 130, pi. 30, fig. 5, 1922.

The figured specimen has three chambers similar to 

the one figured in the last reference above, which came 

from the Mint Spring marl member of Mississippi. 

Most of the Miocene and Recent specimens of this 

species have but two chambers, although threechambered ones are occasionally found. Specimens 

were very rare in the soft marl above the limestone at 

Choctaw Bluff.

Genus LAGENA Walker and Jacob, 1798 

Lagena perlucida Montagu

Plate 24, figure 11

A very few specimens of a smooth species with a 

rather long tubular neck, such as here figured, were 

found in the soft marl above the limestone. Such 

specimens have been recorded from the Miocene of 

Florida. 9 They also closely resemble specimens from 

the Eocene referred to L. laevis (Montagu)? 10

Lagena costata (Williamson) Reuss

Plate 24, figure 12

This species has already been -recorded from the 

upper Eocene Ocala limestone of Georgia .and the 

Cooper marl of South Carolina. 11 Our specimens, one 

of which is here figured, came from the soft marl above 

the limestone.

Lagena laevigata (Reuss) Terrigi

Plate 24, figure 13

Our figured specimen is very similar to that figured 

from the Byram marl 12 and recorded also from the 

Mint Spring marl. The species may belong to Entosolenia. Like the others of this group it came from 

the soft marl above the limestone.

e Cushman, J. A., Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 4, p. 28, pi. 5, fig. 5, 1930.

'« Cushman, J. A., U. S. G6ol. Survey Prof. Paper 181, p. 22, pi. 8, fig. 3,1935.

u Idem, p. 23, p]. 9, flgs. 7. 8.

» Cushman, J. A., U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 133, p. 25, pi. 3, fig. 12.

Family POLYMOBPHINIDAE

Genus GUTTULINA D'Orbigny, 1826

Guttulina cf. G. lehneri Cushman and Ozawa

Plate 24, figure 14

Very rare specimens somewhat resemble the species 

described from the Eocene of Trinidad. More specimens are needed for a satisfactory determinatioB. of 

this species.

Guttulina problema D'Orbigny

Plate 24, figure 15

This is a very widely distributed species with apparently a long vertical range. It has recently been 

recorded from the Jackson Eocene of Texas and the 

Cooper marl of South Carolina. 13 Like most of the 

members of this family at Choctaw Bluff, this species 

occurs in the soft marl above the limestone.

The two specimens figured on plate 24, figures 16 and 

19, are somewhat related to G. problema and in other 

respects resemble the types of G. lehneri. More specimens are necessary to show the relationships of tl °<se 

three forms.

Genus GLOBULIN A D'Orbigny 

Globulina gibba D'Orbigny

Plate 24, figure 17

There are numerous specimens in the soft marl 

above the limestone that are apparently to be identified 

with Globulina gibba, which has already been recorded 

at many localities in the Oligocene of Alabama and 

Mississippi, 14 as well as in other formations.

Globulina inaequalis Reuss var. caribaea D'Orbigny?

Plate 24, figure 18

An irregularly spinose specimen from the soft marl 

above the limestone is here figured. Until more and 

better material is available it is referred to D'Orbigry's 

variety. The spinose projections are very irregularly 

scattered, much more so than in the Recent forms of 

the species.

Globulina fimbriata Cushman and McGIamery, n. sp.

Plate 24, figure 20

Test planoconvex, periphery keeled, the edge frilled; 

chambers somewhat obscure on the convex side, several 

visible on the flattened side, the last-formed chamber 

making up all but a small elongate area at one side; 

sutures somewhat indistinct, not depressed; v^all 

smooth, perforate; aperture obscure, apparently peripheral in the adult. Diameter 0.30 millimeter, height 

0.10 millimeter.

" Cushman, J. A., U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 181, p. 23, pi. 8, fig. 12, 1835, 

14 Cushman, J. A., and Ozawa, Yoshiaki, U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc., vol. 77, a*t. 6, 

p. 60, pi. 16, figs. 1-1, 1930.
106 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY, 1937

Holotype (Cushman collection no. 23670) from limestone 2 to 3 feet above water level, Choctaw Bluff, 

Alabama River, Ala.

This species differs from Q. inaegualis Reuss var. 

doll/ussi Cushman and Ozawa in the more rounded 

outline, the strongly fimbriate margin, and the peculiar 

arrangement of the final chamber on the flattened side.

Genus POLYMORPHINA D'Orbigny, 1826 

Polymorphina advena Cushman

Plate 24, figure 21

Polymorphina advena Cushman, U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper

129, p. 132, pi. 31, fig. 4, 1922. 

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research, Contr., vol. 5,

p. 41, pi. 7, fig. 5, 1929. 

Cushman and Ozawa, U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc., vol. 77, art. 6,

p. 118, pi. 30, fig. 10, 1930.

This species was originally described from the lower 

Oligocene Mint Spring marl member of the Marianna 

limestone, Mint Spring Bayou, Miss. It occurs also in 

the Byram marl of Byram, Miss.

Our specimen, which came from the soft marl above 

the limestone, is typical in the rounded periphery and 

general shape of the chambers, but the wall is smooth 

except in the earliest portion, where it is very slightly 

costate.

Family NONIONIDAE

Genus NONION Montfort, 1808 

Nonion advenum (Cushman) Cushman

Plate 24, figures 22, 23

Nonionina advena Cushman, U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 129,

p. 139, pi. 32, fig. 8, 1922; Prof. Paper is3, p. 50, 1923. 

Cushman and Applin, Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists 

Bull., vol. 10, p. 181, pi. 10, figs. 16, 17, 1926.

Nonion advenum Cushman, U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 181, 

p. 30, pi. 11, figs. 1-4, 1926.

The types of this species came from the lower Oligocene Mint Spring marl member of Mississippi. It is 

also widely distributed in the upper Eocene of the 

eastern Gulf Coastal Plain.

Genus NONIONELLA Cushman, 1926 

Nonionella danvillensis Howe and Wallace

Plate 25, figure 1

Nonionella danvillensis Howe and Wallace, Louisiana Geol. 

Survey Bull. 2, p. 52, pi. 9, figs. 5a-c, 1932.

In the soft marl above the limestone are specimens 

which seem close to this species, which was described 

from the Jackson Eocene of Louisiana.

Nonionella hantkeni (Cushman and Applin) var. spissa Cushman

Plate 25, figure 2

Nonionella hantkeni (Cushman and Applin) var. spissa Cushman, 

Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 7, p. 58, 

pi. 7, figs. 13a-c, 1931.

Ellisor, Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., vol. 17,

no. 11, pi. 12, figs. 10, 12, 1933. 

Cushman, U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 181, p. 31, pi. 12,

figs. 6a-c, 1935.

This variety has a wide distribution in the Jackson 

Eocene, of Mississippi, Alabama, and South Carolina. 

Soft marl just above the limestone at Choctaw Bluff 

yielded specimens which seem to be identical with this 

variety. One of them is figured.

Genus ELPHIDIUM Montfort, 1808 

Elphidium cf. E. poeyanum (D'Orbigny) Cushman

Plate 25, figures 5, 7

The figured specimens probably belong to this species, 

which is now living in the West Indian region and has 

been recorded as fossil back to the Miocene. It is 

fairly common in the soft marl above the limestone at 

Choctaw Bluff. Our figures show something of the 

variations in this material.

Elphidium cf. E. lessoni (D'Orbigny) Cushman

Plate 25, figure 6

D'Orbigny described E. lessoni from the South 

Atlantic. The specimen figured here is ver7 similar in 

general shape, in the peculiar coarse beading of the 

umbilical region, and in the shape and size cf the retral 

processes. It does not seem to have been recorded as 

a fossil. Our specimens came from the soft marl above 

the limestone.

Elphidium discoidale (D'Orbigny) Cushn^an

Plate 25, figure 3

This is a living species of the West Indian region and 

has been recorded as far back as the Miocene Duplin 

marl of North Carolina and the St. Marys formation of 

Maryland. The umbilical region is decidedly raised 

and projects in peripheral view. In some respects this 

form resembles E. cvlebrense, from the Oligccene of the 

Panama Canal Zone. Like the others of this genus it 

came from the soft marl above the limestone.

Elphidium sagrum (D'Orbigny) Cushman

Plate 25, figure 4

In its somewhat rhomboid peripheral view and 

elongate, almost fused early retral processes this form 

resembles D'Orbigny's species, which occurs as a 

Recent species in the West Indies and is 1 nown as a 

Miocene fossil in Cuba, Florida, and North Carolina. 

Like the preceding, it came from the soft marl above 

the limestone.
OLIGOCENE FORAMINIFERA FROM CHOCTAW BLUFF, ALABAMA 107

Family BULIMINIDAE

Genus VIRGULINA D'Orbigny, 1826

Virgulina zetina Cole

Plate 25, figure 8

Virgulina mexicana Cole [not Cushman], Bull. Am. Paleontology, 

vol. 14, no. 51, p. 25, pi. 5, fig. 14, 1927. [Corrected to 

V. zetina in errata.]

Virgulina zetina Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research 

Contr., vol. 8, p. 22, pi. 3, fig. 15, 1932.

Our figured specimen shows the characters of the 

species, with its twisted test and the numerous inflated 

chambers, beeoming longer than broad in the adult. 

This species was originally described from the Guayabai 

formation of Mexico, but our specimens are very close 

to it in their characters. They came from the soft 

marl at the top of the limestone.

Virgulina vicksburgensis Cushman

Plate 25, figure 9

Virgulina sp. (?) Cushman, U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 129,

p. 92, pi. 16, figs. 2, 3, 1922. 

Virgulina vicksburgensis Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram.

Research Special Pub. 6, p. 48, pi. 7, figs. 6a, b, 1936.

This species is found in all the formations of the 

Vicksburg group from the Red Bluff clay to the Byram 

marl. Our specimens came from the soft marl at the 

top of the limestone.

Virgulina bramlettei Galloway and Morrey

Plate 25, figure 10

Virgulina bramlettei Galloway and Morrey, Bull. Am. Paleontology, vol. 15, p. 37, pi. 5, fig. 14, 1929. 

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 5, 

p. 94, pi. 13, fig. 30, 1929; vol. 8, p. 20, pi. 3, figs. 9a, b, 

1932.

Our figured specimen is not an adult but shows the 

general characters of the species, with the early portion 

twisted, the chambers comparatively few and higher 

than broad in the adult, the aperture long and narrow, 

with the upper end somewhat broadened. The species 

is known from the Miocene and Oligocene and is 

probably still living in the Pacific, as are other species 

of our Oligocene. The specimens came from the soft 

marl at the top of the limestone.

Genus BULIMINELLA Cushman, 1911 

Bnliminella cf. B. elegantissima (D'Orbigny) Cushman

Plate 25, figure 15

The specimen here figured resembles D'Orbigny's 

figure but has probably more chambers than the typical, and the apertural face, not shown in its whole width 

in the view drawn, is more like B. obtusata Cushman, a 

Vicksburg Oligoeene species. More material is necessary before it can be placed with certainty. It was 

found in the soft marl at the top of the limestone.

Buliminella choctawensis Cushman and McGlamery, n. sp.

Plate 25, figures 11, 16

Test elongate, subcylindrical, of rather uniform diameter throughout, composed of about 3 whorls; chambers 

distinct, not inflated, 6 to 8 in the adult whorl, rather 

uniform in shape throughout; sutures distinct, the spiral 

suture slightly depressed, the others flush with the surface ; wall slightly roughened; aperture an arched semicircular opening at the base of the arcertural face, in 

the adult sometimes more elongate and subterminal. 

Length 0.30-0.40 millimeter, diameter 0.08-0.10 millimeter.

Holotype (Cushman collection no. 23671) from Oligocene limestone, 2 to 3 feet above water level, Choctaw 

Bluff, Alabama River, Ala.

This species is very different from any other known 

American one and most closely resembles some of the 

forms described by Terquem from the middle Eoeeno of 

the Paris Basin, particularly "Bulimina striato-puntfata 

Terquem," from which it differs in the more regular 

spiral development and more chambers to a coil.

Genus BOLIVINA D'Orbigny, 1839 

Bolivina advena Cushman

Plate 25, figure 12

Bolivina advena Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research 

Contr., vol. 1, pt. 2, p. 29, pi. 5, figs, la, b, 1925; vol. 

2, pt. 3, p. 54, 1926.

Cushman, Stewart, and Stewart, San Diego Soc. Nat. History Trans., vol. 6, p. 67, 1930.

Cushman and Ponton, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 9, p, 83, 

pi. 12, fig. 3, 1932.

This species has been recorded from the Miocene of 

California and Florida. Our figured specimen seem?! to 

be identical and extends the range downward. The 

specimens came from the soft marl at the top of the

limestone.

Bolivina tortuosa H. B. Brady

Plate 25, figures 13, 21

Bolivina tortuosa H. B. Brady, Micr. Soc. Quart. Jour., vol. 21, 

p. 57, 1881; Challenger Kept., Zoology, vol. 9, p. 420, 

pi. 52, figs. 31, 32 [not 33, 34], 1884.

This species was originally described as a Recent 

Pacific species but is found to be common in the Miocene 

of southern Europe and northern Africa. To find it in 

very typical forms in the Oligocene of Alabama is very 

interesting. It supplies another connection between the 

Oligocene of our Gulf Coastal Plain region and the present-day Indo-Pacific. The specimens illustrated c?,me 

from the soft marl at the top of the limestone.

Bolivina paula Cushman and Cahill

Plate 25, figures 14, 18, 19

Bolivina paula Cushman and Cahill ms., cited in Cushman and 

Ponton, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 9, p. 84, pi. 12, figs. 

6a, b, 1932.
108 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY, 1937

Cushman and Cahill, U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 175, 

p. 26, pi. 8, figs. 14a, b, 1933.

This species is known from the Miocene of Maryland, 

Virginia, North Carolina, and Florida. Our specimens 

came from the soft marl at the top of the limestone.

Bolivina plicatella Cushman var. mera Cushman and Ponton

This variety occurs in the soft marl at the top of 

the limestone and although showing some variation 

agrees with thart from the Miocene of Florida.

Bolivina mornhinvegi Cushman

Plate 25, figure 17

Bolivina mornhinvegi Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 11, p. 32, pi. 5, figs, la, b, 1935.

The types of this species came from the Oligocene 

24 feet above a limestone ledge at the bottom of a hill 

on the road ascending from Waltersville, Miss., to the 

National Cemetery. It occurs in our material from 

the soft marl at the top of the limestone. It may be 

distinguished by the shape of the sutures and chambers 

and the coarsely perforate wall.

Bolivina quadricosta Cushman and McGlamery, n. sp.

Plate 25, figure 20

Test rapidly tapering from the subacute initial end 

to the greatest breadth formed by the last pair of chambers, somewhat roughly quadrate in end view, periphery 

of the early portion more strongly truncate, later more 

rounded; chambers distinct, somewhat inflated, especially the later ones, earlier ones broad and low, later 

ones rather rapidly increasing in height as added; 

sutures distinct, depressed, earlier ones slightly curved, 

later ones somewhat sinuate; wall coarsely perforate, 

the early portion ornamented with 4 oblique costae, 2 

at each side nearly parallel to the periphery; aperture 

high and narrow, at the base of the inner margin. 

Length 0.35 millimeter, breadth 0.20 millimeter.

Holotype (Cushman collection no. 23673) from 

limestone, 2 to 3 feet above water level, Choctaw Bluff, 

Alabama River, Ala.

This species differs fron B. advena Cushman in the 

more tapering test, less oblique sutures, much more 

inflation, and more rapid increase in size of the chambers.

Bolivina cf. B. gracilis Cushman and Applin

Plate 26, figures 1, 2

The elongate forms figured on plate 26 came from the 

soft marl at the top of the limestone. In many of their 

characters they resemble the Eocene species described 

from the upper Eocene Jackson of Texas. The species 

is also recorded from the upper Eocene of Louisiana, 

Mississippi, and Alabama.

Bolivina sp.?

Plate 26, figure 3

The broken specimen here figured seems to be very 

different from any of the other species from the soft 

marl above the limestone, and it is here shown in the 

hope that later workers may find complete specimens.

Bolivina choctawensis Cushman and M cGlamery, n. sp.

Plate 26, figure 4

Test in the early half tapering, later half with the 

sides nearly parallel or even contracted, initial end 

pointed, apertural end obliquely truncate, periphery 

slightly truncate; chambers numerous, low and broad, 

of nearly uniform shape throughout, very gradually 

increasing in size as added, not inflated; Futures distinct, little if at all depressed, nearly at right angles to 

the long axis; wall ornamented with a few longitudinal 

costae, about 4 on a side, the outer pair parallel to the 

periphery, the inner pair nearly parallel to the long axis 

of the test; aperture narrow, elongate, in the median 

portion of the base of the apertural face. Length 0.30 

millimeter, breadth 0.15 millimeter.

Holotype (Cushman collection no. 23674) from limestone, 2 to 3 feet above water level, Choctaw Bluff, 

Alabama River, Ala.

This species differs fron B. cookei Cushman in the less 

compressed test, fewer and higher costae, hss oblique 

sutures, and truncate apertural end.

Bolivina cf. B. mexicana Cushman 

Plate 26, figure 5

The figured specimen is incomplete but in some of its 

characters resembles B. mexicana, from the Oligocene 

of Mexico. More specimens are needed to g<; ve the full 

characters and a definite identification. It came from 

the soft marl above the limestone.

Genus IOXOSTOMA Ehrenberg, 1854 

Loxostoma vicksbnrgensis (Howe) Cushman

Plate 26, figures 6-8

Pleurostomella vicksburgensis Howe, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 4, 

p. 331, pi. 27, fig. 5, 1930.

This species was described from the Byram marl at 

Byram, Miss. In our material it was found both in 

the soft marl above the limestone and also in the limestone. As a very specialized species it has been one 

of the indicators that both lots of material are of Oligocene age.

The species was originally described as a Pleurostometta, which it does superficially resemble. The 

early stages do not show the peculiar caving in of one 

side of the last-formed chamber, and the test at this
OLIGOCENE FOEAMINIFEEA FROM CHOCTAW BLUFF, ALABAMA 109

stage seems typically a Bolivina. In the later development one side of the adult chamber almost entirely 

collapses, and there is often an irregular opening on the 

concave side, but the main opening is an elongate, 

narrow one and definitely terminal. It should be 

placed as a Loxostoma.

Genus ANGUIOGERINA Cushman, 1927 

Angulogerina byramensis (Cushman) Ellisor

Plate 26, figures 9, 10

Uvigerina byramensis Cushman, U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 

129, pp. 95, 133, pi. 18, fig. 5, 1922; Prof. Paper 133, p. 

34, pi. 4, figs. 10, 11, 1923.

Angulogerina byramensis Ellisor, Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., vol. 17, pi. 3, fig. 16, 1933.

This is one of the characteristic species of the Vicksburg, and numerous specimens occurred in our material. 

Our two figures show some of the variations in this 

species.

Genus ENTOSOLENIA Ehrenberg, 1848 

Entosolenia crumenata Cushman

Plate 26, figure 11

Entosolenia crumenata Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 11, p. 31, pi. 4, figs. 9a, b, 1935.

This species was described from the Oligocene, 3 

feet above the limestone ledge at the bottom of a hill 

on the road ascending from Waltersville, Miss., to the 

National Cemetery. Other species described from this 

locality also occur in our Choctaw Bluff material. 

This is one of the fairly common species in the marl 

above the limestone.

Entosolenia? sp.

Plate 26, figure 12

The figured specimen is not very well preserved but 

appears in the Choctaw Bluff section. It may belong 

to Entosolenia or may possibly be an Ellipsolagena. 

More specimens are needed to determine its exact 

characters.

Family ROTALIIDAE

Genus DISCORBIS Lamarck, 1804

Discorbis subaraucana Cushman

Plate 26, figure 13

Discorbis subaraucana Cushman, Carnegie Inst. Washington

Pub. 311, p. 41, pi. 7, figs. 1, 2, 1922.

Cushman, U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 181, p. 43, pi. 18, 

figs, la-c, 1935.

This species was originally described from off the 

southern coast of Florida. Later it was recorded from 

the ICocene Jackson formation of Alabama and from 

the Ocala limestone of Alabama and Georgia. Our

figured specimen shows how closely identical this 

Oligocene material is with that of the others and helps 

to fill in the gap in range between the Eocene and 

Recent.

Discorbis choctawensis Cushman and McGlamery, n. sp.

Plate 26, figures 15, 16

Test planoconvex, ventral side flattened or slizhtly 

concave, dorsal side slightly convex, periphery rounded, 

thickened; chambers distinct on the dorsal side, 6 in 

the final whorl, increasing rather rapidly but unifci|Tnly 

in size as added, ventrally obscured by the ornamentation; sutures on the dorsal side curved, strongly limbate, 

ventrally slightly depressed; wall very coarsely and 

conspicuously perforate, on the ventral side wf.th a 

smooth thickened periphery and the remainder having 

raised, irregularly arranged, elongate masses, generally 

radial; aperture a low opening on the ventral side 

beneath a slight, projecting lip. Length of holotype 

0.50 millimeter, breadth 0.35 millimeter, thickness 0.20 

millimeter.

Holotype (Cushman collection no. 23675) from the 

limestone, 2 to 3 feet above water level, Choctaw P^uff, 

Alabama River, Ala.

This species differs from D. subaraucana Cushman, 

with which it occurs, in the very coarsely perf^ate 

wall, smooth periphery on the ventral side, and very 

ornate central portion. '

Genus LAMARCKINA Berthelin, 1881 

Lamarckina glabrata (Cushman) Cushman

Plate 26, figure 17

Pulvinulina glabrata Cushman, U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 

129, pp. 99, 138, pi. 22, figs. 6, 7, 1922; Prof. Pape~ 133, 

p. 45, pi. 6, figs. 11, 12, 1923.

Lamarckina glabrata Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research

Contr., vol. 2, p. 11, pi. 1, figs. 6a-e, 1926. 

Howe, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 2, p. 175» 1.928.

This species is now recorded from thfe Byram marl, 

Mint Spring marl member df the Marianna limestone, 

and Red Bluff clay. There is considerable variation 

in the character of the dorsal side, our figured specimen 

showing the sutures raised much more than the average. 

Specimens are rather rare in the soft marl above the 

limestone. *

Genus EPONIDES Montfort, 1808

Eponldes? sp.

Plate 26, figure 18

The figured specimen shows fairly well the main 

features of this species but is not clear enough to show 

the details so that the species may be adequately 

described. The aperture is not perfect and iii some 

respects resembles Eponides and also suggests 

vinulineUa.

152555—37-
no SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY, 1937

Eponides choctawensis Cushman and McGlamery, n. sp.

Plate 27, figure 1

Test unequally biconvex, the ventral side somewhat 

more convex than the dorsal side, periphery broadly 

rounded; chambers very distinct, inflated, 6 or 7 in 

the last-formed whorl, of uniform size and increasing 

gradually in size as added; sutures distinct, on the dorsal 

side curved, limbate, on the ventral side depressed and 

nearly radiate; wall of the dorsal side smooth and 

polished, ventral side conspicuously papillate; aperture 

a low, elongate opening somewhat ventrally from the 

periphery along the border of the last-formed chamber. 

Diameter 0.35 millimeter, thickness 0.20 millimeter.

Holotype (Cushman collection no. 23677) from the 

limestone, 2 to 3 feet above water level, Choctaw Bluff, 

Alabama River, Ala.

This species differs from E. mansfieldi Cushman in 

the fewer chambers, rounded periphery, and the 

papillae of the ventral surface rather evenly scattered 

instead of mostly near the center.

Eponides alabamensis Cushman and McGlamery, n. sp.

Plate 27, figure 2

Test unequally biconvex, ventral side strongly convex, 

dorsal side slightly raised, periphery acute, slightly 

keeled; chambers distinct, slightly if at all inflated on 

the dorsal side, ventrally strongly so, 6 in the adult 

whorl, of uniform shape, very gradually increasing 

in size as added; sutures distinct, on the dorsal side 

limbate, strongly oblique, ventrally gently curved; wall 

on the dorsal side smooth and polished, on the ventral 

side finely papillate with occasional costae across the 

sutures; aperture a low, elongate opening on the ventral 

side at the margin of the last-formed chamber. Diameter 0.35-0.40 millimeter, thickness 0.15-0.18 millimeter.

Holotype (Cushman collection no. 23678) from the 

limestone, 2 to 3 feet above water level, Choctaw Bluff, 

Alabama River, Ala.

This species differs from E. mansfieldi in the fewer 

chambers, smaller size, and less papillate surface. 

From E. choctawensis it is distinguished by the very 

oblique sutures on the dorsal side, less inflated chambers, and less lobulate periphery.

» 

Genus ROTALIA Lamarck, 1804

Rotalia byramensis Cushman 

Plate 27, figure 3

. Rotalia byramensis Cushman, U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 129, 

pp. 99,128, pi. 23, fig. 1,1922; Prof. Paper 133, p. 46,1923.

This species is known from the Byram marl and Mint 

Spring marl member of the Oligocene. Very good 

specimens were obtained from Choctaw Bluff and 

help to fix the age of this material.

Rotalia choctawensis Cushman and McGlamerj*. n. sp.

Plate 27, figure 4

Test about equally biconvex, periphery somewhat 

serrate, especially in the later portion, bluntly angled, 

ventral side with a prominent umbilical plug; chambers 

10 to 12 in the adult whorl, of rather uniform shape, 

increasing very gradually in size as added; sutures of 

the dorsal side slightly curved, raised, ventrrlly nearly 

radial and deeply excavated; wall roughened on both 

sides; aperture a small opening at the ventral margin 

of the last-formed chamber. Diameter up to 1.00 

millimeter; thickness 0.50 millimeter.

Holotype (Cushman collection no. 23679) from the 

Oligocene limestone at water level, Choctaw Bluff, 

Alabama River, Ala.

This species differs from R. byramensis in the larger 

number of chambers, lack of definite spines, and very 

rough surface.

Rotalia alabamensis Cushman and McGlamery, n. sp.

Plate 27, figure 5

Test strongly and almost equally biconvex, periphery 

acute with a somewhat erose keel, ventral s: de with a 

small but distinct umbilical plug; chambers about 8 in 

the adult whorl, not inflated, of rather uniform size, 

increasing very gradually in size as added, on the dorsal 

side almost entirely obscured by the ornamentation; 

sutures of the dorsal side curved, mostly obscured, on 

the ventral side radiate, depressed, especially toward 

the umbilical end; wall of the dorsal side covered with 

irregularly scattered, rounded coarse papillae, ventrally 

smooth and polished; aperture ventral, a short opening 

at the base of the apertural face. Diameter 0.40-0.45 

millimeter, thickness 0.25-0.28 millimeter.

Holotype (Cushman collection no. 23680) from limestone, 2 to 3 feet above water level, Choctaw Bluff, 7 *4 *

Alabama River, Ala.

This species differs from B. byramensis in the lack of 

spines or peripheral angles to the chambers, tl ^ development of a prominent keel, and the coarsely papillate 

dorsal side.

Genus CANCKIS Montfort, 1808

Cancris sagra (D'Orbigny) var. pauciloculata Cusvman and 

McGlamery, n. var.

Plate 27, figure 6

Pulvinulina sagra Cushman [not D'Orbigny], U. S. Geol. Survey 

Prof. Paper 133, p. 45, pi. 6, figs. 9, 10, 1933.

Variety differing from the typical form in the fewer 

and higher chambers.

Holotype of variety (Cushman collection no. 23681) 

from the limestone, 2 to 3 feet above water level, 

Choctaw Bluff, Alabama River, Ala.
OLIGOCENE FOEAMINIFEBA FEOM C&OC^AW BLUFF, ALABAMA 111

This varietal form has hitherto been recorded only 

from the Glendon limestone of the Oligocene.

Genus BAGGINA Cushman, 1926 

Baggina thalmanni Pijpers?

Plate 26, figure 14

Baggina thalmanni Pijpers, Geologic et pal^ontologie de Bonaire, 

p. 69, text figs. 97-99, 1933.

Our figured specimen has the rounded openings of the 

ventral side somewhat scattered instead of in a nearly 

circular«line, and the dorsal side is very obscure. There 

are, however, decided resemblances between the two. 

Pijpers' material was obtained from the upper Eocene of 

the island of Bonaire. Our specimens came from the 

soft marl above the limestone at Choctaw Bluff.

Family AMPHISTEGINIDAE

Genus ASTERIGERINA D'Orbigny, 1839

Asterigerina subacuta Cushman

Plate 28, figure 1

Asterigerina subacuta Cushman, U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 

129, p. 100, pi. 24, figs. 1-3, 1922; Prof. Paper 133, p. 47, 

1923.

This species was not well figured in the original plate, 

and our figures here will give a clearer idea of its appearance. The dorsal side is flattened and the ventral 

side strongly convex with a slight umbo in the center; 

the periphery is distinctly keeled. Previous records 

from the Oligocene have been from the Byram marl. It 

occurs in the soft marl above the limestone at Choctaw 

Bluff.

Asterigerina choctawensis Cushman and McGlamery, n. sp.

Plate 28, figure 2

Test almost equally biconvex, the dorsal side tending 

to be slightly evolute, umbonate in the center of both 

sides, periphery acute and slightly keeled; chambers 

distinct, not inflated, 12 or more in the adult whorl, 

of rather uniform shape and increasing very gradually 

in size as added, the inner series of supplementary 

chambers on the ventral side much smaller than the 

outer series; sutures distinct, slightly limbate, especially 

on the dorsal side, where they are strongly curved; 

wall smooth, finely perforate, except on the ventral 

side near the aperture, where it is finely papillate; 

aperture low, elongate, below a slight lip near the periphery on the ventral side. Diameter 0.80 millimeter, 

thickness 0.40 millimeter.

Holotype (Cushman collection no. 23682) from 

limestone, 2 to 3 feet above water level, Choctaw Bluff, 

Alabama River, Ala.

This species somewhat resembles Amphistegina chipolensis Cushman and Ponton, from the Miocene of 

Florida, and may be an ancestral form of that species, 

although we have placed ours in the genus Asterigerina.

Our specimen differs in the lack of definite angles in the 

sutures on the dorsal side; it is less evolute and 1 >*,s a 

smaller umbo on the ventral side and smaller rhomboid 

chambers.

Asterigerina bracteata Cushman

Plate 28, figure 3

Asterigerina bracteata Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Res^-arch 

Contr., vol. 5, p. 48, pi. 8, figs. 6a-c, 1929.

The types of this species were found in the CHgocene Byram marl of Byram, Miss. Our specimens, 

which are identical, came from the soft marl above the 

limestone at Choctaw Bluff.

Asterigerina alabamensis Cushman and McGlamery, n. sp.

Plate 28, figure 5

Test unequally biconvex, ventral side much more 

convex than the dorsal, periphery sharply keeled, the 

keel translucent and fimbriate, the dorsal side almost 

completely involute; chambers of the dorsal side distinct, curved, not inflated, of uniform shape, increasing 

very slightly in size as added, ventrally the chambers 

rather obscure, the supplementary chambers only 

showing in later growth; sutures very distinct, strongly 

curved and slightly limbate on the dorsal side, ventrally 

curved, obscure; wall smooth; aperture an irregular 

elongate opening on the ventral side at the base of the 

last-formed chamber. Diameter 0.45 millimeter, thickness 0.20 millimeter.

Holotype (Cushman collection no. 23683) from limestone, 2 to 3 feet above water level, Choctaw F^uff, 

Alabama River, Ala.

This species differs from A. subacuta Cushman in the 

slightly more convex dorsal side, lack of a definite 

umbo, narrower chambers, and thinner, fimbriate keel.

Family CASSIDULINIDAE

Genus CASSIDULINA D'Orbigny, 1826

Cassidulina crassa? D'Orbigny

Plate 28, figure 4

There are in our collection a very few specimens that 

can be referred to D'Orbigny's species with irome 

question. Similar forms occur in the Miocene of the 

Gulf and Atlantic Coastal Plain areas, and our specimens from Choctaw Bluff, in the soft marl above the 

limestone, are very similar to these.

Family ANOMALINIDAE

Genus CIBICIDES Montfort, 1808

Cibicides choctawensis Cushman and McGlamery, n. s]%

Plate 28, figure 6

Test planoconvex, dorsal side flattened and somewhat evolute, the ventral side convex and um^.ute,
112 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY, 1937

periphery subacute; chambers distinct, very slightly 

inflated, about 10 in the final whorl, low and broad, of 

uniform shape, increasing very gradually in size as 

added; sutures distinct, limbate, strongly curved; wall 

smooth, finely perforate; aperture a low, arched opening at the periphery and extending over onto the dorsal 

side below a slightly extended lip of the last-formed 

chamber. Diameter 0.30-0.35 millimeter, thickness 

0.12 millimeter.

Holotype (Cushman collection no. 23684) from hard 

limestone, 2 to 3 feet above water level, Choctaw Bluff, 

Alabama River, Ala.

This species differs from C. americana Cushman in 

the greater number of chambers, more evolute dorsal 

side, and more nearly circular outline.

Genus CIBICIDEILA Cushman, 1927 

Cibicidella sp.

Plate 28, figure 7

The figured specimen is evidently immature and may 

possibly belong to Planorbulina. No adult specimens 

with well-defined characters are available. It occurred in the soft marl above the limestone at Choctaw 

Bluff.

Family PLANORBUIINIDAE

Genus GTPSINA Carter, 1877

Gypsina rubra (D'Orbigny) Heron-Alien and Far land

Plate 28, figure 8

Planorbulina rubra D'Orbigny, Annales sci. nat., vol. 7, no. 4,

p. 280, 1826. 

Fornasini, Accad. sci. 1st. Bologna Mem., 6th ser., vol. 5, p.

44, pi. 2, fig. 3, 1908. 

Gypsina rubra (D'Orbigny), Heron-Alien and Earlani, Zool. Soc.

London Trans., vol. 20, p. 725, pi. 53, figs. 35-37, 1915. 

Cushman, U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 129, pp. 98, 138, 

pi. 22, fig. 3, 1922; Prof. Paper 133, p. 47, 19*3.

This species has already been recorded from the 

Oligocene as occurring in all the formaticias of the 

Vicksburg group. The figured specimen is ar unusually 

well-developed one.

Gypsina vesicularis (Parker and Jones) Carter

Plate 28, figure 9

Our figured specimen represents the planoconvex 

form which has already been recorded from the Chipola 

formation of the Miocene of Florida.15 Our specimen 

is from the soft marl above the limestone at Choctaw 

Bluff.

ii Cushman and Ponton, Florida Qeol. Survey Bull. 9, p. 105, pi. 16, flgs. 9a, b, 

1032.
PLATES 24-28

113
PLATE 24

FIGURE 1. Valvulina sp.? o, Front view; 6, apertural view. X 33.

2. Valvulammina sp.? o, Dorsal view; 6, ventral view; c, peripheral view. X 50.

3. Clavulina cf. C. tricarinata D'Orbigny. o, Ventral view; 6, apertural view. X 33.

4. Quinqueloculina crosses D'Orbigny? X 70.

5. Triloculina sp.? X 90.

6. 7. Pyrgo inornata (D'Orbigny)? Cushman. 6, X 70; 7, X 90.

8. Dentalina cf. D. communis D'Orbigny. X 70.

9. Dentalina catenulata? H. B. Brady. X 80.

10. Nodosaria catesbyi D'Orbigny. X 120.

11. Lagena perludda Montagu. X 90.

12. Lagena costata (Williamson) Reuss. X 130.

13. Lagena laevigata (Reuss) Terrigi. X 130.

14. Guttulina cf. G. lehneri Cushman and Ozawa. X 60.

15. Guttulina problema D'Orbigny. X 70.

16. 19. Guttulina cf. G. problema D'Orbigny. 16, X 60; 19, X 70.

17. Globulina gibba D'Orbigny. X 90.

18. Globulina inaequalis Reuss var. caribaea D'Orbigny? X 80.

20. Globulina fimbriata Cushman and McGlamery, n. sp. a, Dorsal view; &, ventral view. X 90.

21. Polymorphina advena Cushman. X 60.

22. 23. Nonion advenum (Cushman) Cushman. 22, X 70; 23, o, side view; 6, peripheral view; X 120.

114
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 189 PLATE 24

VALVULINIDAE, MILIOLIDAE, LAGENIDAE, POLYMORPHINIDAE, AND NONIONIDAE FROM CHOCTAW BLUFF. ALABAMA.
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 189 PLATE 25

NONIONIDAE AND BULIMINIDAE FROM CHOCTAW BLUFF, ALABAMA.
PLATE 25

FIGURE 1. Nonionella danvillensis Howe and Wallace, a, Dorsal view; 6, ventral view; c, apertural view. X 90.

2. Nonionella hantkeni (Cushman) and Applin var. spissa Cushman. a, Dorsal view; 6, ventral view; c, apertural view. X 90.

3. Elphidium discoidale (D'Orbigny) Cushman. a, Side view; &, apertural view. X 80.

4. Elphidium sagrum (D'Orbigny) Cushman. a, Side view; &, apertural view. X 120.

5. 7. Elphidium cf. E. poeyanum (D'Orbigny) Cushman. a, Side view; 6, apertural view. X 90.

6. Elphidium cf. E. lessoni (D'Orbigny). a, Side view; 6, apertural view. X 60.

8. Virgulina zetina Cole, a, Front view; 6, side view. X 120.

9. Virgulina vicksburgensis Cushman. a, Front view; 6, side view. X 120.

10. Virgulina bramlettei Galloway and Morrey. a, Front view; &, side view. X 120.

11. 16. Buliminella choctawensis Cushman and McGlamery, n. sp. 11, Holotype; 16, paratype. X 120.

12. Bolivina advena Cushman. X 145.

13. 21. Bolivina tortuosa H. B. Brady. 13, X 145; 21, X 90.

14. 18, 19. Bolivina paula Cushman and Cahill. X 145.

15. Buliminella cf. B. elegantissima (D'Orbigny). X 120.

17. Bolivina mornhinvegi Cushman. X 90.

20. Bolivina guadricosta Cushman and McGlamery, n. sp. Holotype. X 120.

115
PLATE 26

FIGURES 1, 2. Bolivina cf. B. gracilis Cushman and Applin. X 120.

3. Bolivina sp.? X 70.

4. Bolivina choctawensis Cushman and McGlamery, n. sp. Holotype. a, Front view; 6, apertural view. X 120.

5. Bolivina cf. B. mexicana Cushman. X 90.

6-8. Loxostoma vicksburgensis (Howe) Cushman. X 90.

9, 10. Angulogerina byramensis (Cushman) Ellisor. X 120.

11. Entosolenia crumenata Cushman. X 130.

12. Entosolenia? sp. X 180.

13. Discorbis subaraucana Cushman. a, Dorsal view; 6, ventral view; c, apertural view. X 120.

14. Baggina thalmanni Pijpers? a, Dorsal view; b, ventral view; c, apertural view. X 90.

15. 16. Discorbis choctawensis Cushman and McGlamery, n. sp. 15, Paratype, a, dorsal view; 6, ventral view; X 70; 

16, holotype, a, dorsal view; b, ventral view; c, apertural view; X 70.

17. Lamarckina glabrata (Cushman) Cushman. a, Dorsal view; b, ventral view; c, apertural view. X 120.

18. Eponides? sp. a, Dorsal view; 6, ventral view; c, apertural view. X 90.

116
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 189 PLATE 26

BULIMINIDAE AND ROTALIIDAE FROM CHOCTAW BLUFF. ALABAMA.
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 189 PLATE 2?

ROTALIIDAE FROM CHOCTAW BLUFF, ALABAMA.
PLATE 27

FIGURE 1. Eponides choctawensis Cushman and McGlamery, n. sp. Holotype. a, Dorsal view; b, ventral view; c, apertural view. 

X 120.

2. Eponides alabamensis Cushman and McGlamery, n. sp. Holotype. a, Dorsal view; 6, ventral view; c, aperterual view. 

X 120.

3. Rotalia byramensis Cushman. a, Dorsal view; b, ventral view; c, apertural view. X 120.

4. Rotalia choctawensis Cushman and McGlamery, n. sp. Holotype. a, Dorsal view; b, ventral view; c, apertural view. X 33.

5. Rotalia alabamensis Cushman and McGlamery, n. sp. Holotype. a, Dorsal view; b, ventral view; c, apertural view. 

X 90.

6. Cancris sagra (D'Orbigny) var. pauciloculata Cushman and McGlamery, n. var. Holotype. a, Dorsal view; b, ventral 

view; c, apertural view. X 70.

117
PLATE 28

FIGUBB 1. Asterigerina subacuta Cushman. a, Dorsal view; b, ventral view: c, apertural view. X 90.

2. Asterigerina choctawensis Cushman and McGlamery, n. sp. Holotype. a, Dorsal view; b, ventral view; c, apertural 

view. X 50.

3. Asterigerina bracteata Cushman. a, Dorsal view; b, ventral view; c, apertural view. X 130.

4. Cassidulina crassa? D'Orbigny. a, b, Opposite sides; c, peripheral view. X 120.

5. Asterigerina alabamensis Cushman and McGlamery, n. sp. Holotype. a, Dorsal view; b, ventral view; c, apertural 

view. X 90.

6. Cibicides choctawensis Cushman and McGlamery, n. sp. Holotype. a, Dorsal view; b, ventral view: c, apertural view. 

., -, , X 80.

7. Cibicidella sp. a, Dorsal view; b, ventral view. X 80.

8. Gypsina rubra (D'Orbigny) Heron-Alien and Earland. a, b, Opposite sides. X 50.

9. Gypsina vesicidaris (Parker and Jones) Carter. X 90. 

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GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 189 PLATE 28

AMPHISTEGINIDAE, CASSIDULINIDAE, ANOMALINIDAE, AND PLANORBULINIDAE FROM CHOCTAW BLUFF, ALABAMA.

INDEX

Amphistegina chipolensis Cushman and Ponton—_____.________._. Ill

Angulogerina byramensis (Cushman) Ellisor..______________..109, pi. 26

Anomia sp., occurrence of.______________________________ 103

Asterigerina alabamensis Cushman and McGlamery, n. sp________ 111, pi. 28

bracteata Cushman_________________________.-__ 111, pi. 28

choctawensis Cushman and McGlamery, n. sp_____________ 111, pi. 28

subaeuta Cushman...._______._________._____-...._. Ill, pi. 28

Baggina thalmanni Pijpers?__________________________ 111, pi. 26 

Biloculina inornata D'Orbigny.——_————_.——__———__——_——_. 104 

Bolivina advena Cushman.._______________________.. 107,108, pi. 25 

choctawensis Cushman and McGlamery, n. sp_____________ 108, pi. 26 

cookei Cushman__________________________________ 108 

mornhinvegi Cushman_._._________________________ 108, pi. 25 

paula Cushman and Cahill.._ _____________________ 107-108, pi. 25 

plicatella Cushman var. mera Cushman and Ponton_________ 108, pi. 25 

quadricosta Cushman and McGlamery, n. sp______________ 108', pi. 25 

tortuosa H. B. Brady_____________________________ 107, pi. 25 

cf. B. gracilis Cushman and Applin____________________ 108, pi. 26 

cf. B. mexicana Cushman__________________________ 108, pi. 26 

sp.?————__-__.__—_——_____—.___—__......__-_—— 108, pi. 26

Bulimina striato-punctata Terquem________________________ 107

Buliminella choctawensis Cushman and McGlamery, n. sp.________ 107, pi. 25

obtusata Cushman________________________________ 107

cf. B. elegantissima (D'Orbigny) Cushman_______________ 107, pi. 25

Cancris sagra (D'Orbigny) var. pauciloculata Cushman and McGlamery, n.

var___.______________._______.____ 110-111, pi. 27 

Cassidulina crassa? D'Orbigny-________________________ 111, pi. 28 

Chickasawhay marl, age of ______________________________ 103 

Choctaw Bluff, Ala., section at___________________________ 103 

Cibicidella sp___________________________________ 112, pi. 28 

Cibicides americana Cushman____________________________ 112 

choctawensis Cushman and McGlamery, n. sp___________ 111-112, pi. 28 

Clavulinaof. C. tricarinata D'Orbigny____________________ 104, pi. 24

Dentalina catenulata? H. B. Brady. ___________________ 104-105, pi. 24 

cf. D. communis D'Orbigny.._______________________ 104, pi. 24

Discorbis choctawensis Cushman and McGlamery, n. sp___________ 109, pi. 26

subaraucana Cushman___________________________ 109, pi. 26

Echinolampas aldrichi, occurrence of..-. _______ ______________ 103

Elphidium culebrense. _______________________________ 106 

discoidale (D'Orbigny) Cushman_____________________ 106, pi. 25 

sagrum (D'Orbigny) Cushman______________________ 106, pi. 25 

cf. E. lessoni (D'Orbigny) Cushman__,________________ 106, pi. 25 

cf. E. poeyanum (D'Orbigny) Cushman_________________ 106, pi. 25

Entosolenia crumenata Cushman___________________^___ 109, pi. 26 

(?) sp._—————...__.__.__——————__———..—————____ 109, pi. 26

Eponides alabamensis Cushman and McGlamery, n. sp...________ 110, pi. 27 

choctawensis Cushman and McGlamery, n. sp_____________ 110, pi. 27 

mansfieldi Cushman____________ __________________ 110 

(?) sp-.__............__.——..._____...__.......__.—....... 109, pi. 26

Geologic age of the fauna________________________________ 103

o

Globulina fimbriata Cushman and McGlamery, n. sp_———__——— 105-106, pi. 24

gibba D'Orbigny——___——————.———-——_——— 105, pi. 24

inaequalis Reuss var. caribaea D'Orbigny__.__—————————— 105, pi. 24

var. dollfussi Cushman and Ozawa.___.._._—_..———_———— 106

Guttulina problemaD'Orbigny-.___——.————————————————— 105, pi. 24 

cf. G. lehneri Cushman and Ozawa__-__—_——-——————— 105, pi. 24

Gypsinarubra (D'Orbigny) Heron-Alien andEarland—.„.—_——_— 112,pi. 28 

vesicularis (Parker and Jones) Carter--.__—_——————————— 112, pi. 28

Lagena costata (Williamson) Reuss—_—_——_———————————— 105, pi. 24

laevigata (Reuss) TerrigL _______-__—~———-——————— 105, pi. 24

laevis (Montagu)?__________—--———————————————————— 105

perlucidaMontagu___________--_.-—_——_————— 105, pi. 24

Lamarckina glabrata (Cushman) Cushman——___-__——_——_—— 109, pi. 26

Loxostoma vicksburgensis (Howe) Cushman_____________ 108-109, pi. 26

Nodosaria catesbyi D'Orbigny________________—___-__— 105, pi. 24 

sp.?———————————————————————— 105

Nonion advenum (Cushman) Cushman_________——_._——__—. 106, pi. 24

Nonionella danvillensis Howe and Wallace. ______________„ 106, pi. 25

hantkeni (Cushman and Applin) var. spissa Cushman________ 106, pi. 25

Nonionina advena Cushman_-.-.-___—__—————————————————— 106

Planorbulina rubra D'Orbigny_-__——_———————————————————— 110 

Pleurostomella vicksburgensis Howe———————.,——————————————— -. 108 

Polymorphina advena Cushman—________—___—_——_._— 106, pi. 24 

Pulvinulina glabrata Cushman____——.———_——————————————— 109

sagra Cushman_____.__——__———————————————————————— 110 

Pyrgo inornata (D'Orbigny)? Cushman______.____.__—_— 104, pi. 24

oligocenica Cushman.__________________—_.__-____.... 104

Quinqueloculina crassaD'Orbigny. .._„__—_...—_————__—— 104,pi. 24

Rotalia alabamensis Cushman and McGlamery, n.sp___________ 110,pl. 27 

byramensis Cushman—_________________——_——_——— 110.pl. 27

choctawensis Cushman and McGlamery, n. sp__——___________ 110.pl. 27

Teredo circula, occurrence of—__—__————————__—————————————— 103

Textularia subhauerii Cushman.______________________——_ 103

cf. T. agglutinans D'Orbigny____.___.__.____.__——_————__. 104

cf. T. candeiana D'Orbigny—__________________________ 104

Triloculinasp.?—____-_____________—_——_——-__—— 104, pi. 24

Uvigerina byramensis Ellisor__.___._______——_______——__. 109

Valvulammina, geographic and geologic range of.__________.______ 103 

sp.?________________________________________ 104, pi. 24

Valvulina italiana Cushman—_______________._______-_.__ 104 

sp.?——__————————-—___———___—_____—____ — ____— 104, pi. 24

Vicksburg group, general relations of___ ___ _ _______ ________ 103

Virgulina bramletteiGalloway andMorrey____________—__— 107, pi. 25 

mexicana Cole_______________________._______—_ 107

vicksburgensis Cushman.._________________________ 107, pi. 25 

zetinaCole-.._________________________________ 107, pi. 25

sp. (?)_———__—————_——_———___—————_—————,——— 107

119