2011BaseYearStatelmplementationPlanEmissionslnventoryforVOC,NO,andCOForAreasofMarginalNon-attainmentofthe2008OzoneNAAQSinDelawareFINALREPORTSubmittedto:U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgencyRegion3-Philadelphia,PAPreparedby:DepartmentofNaturalResources&EnvironmentalControlDivisionofAirQualityEmissionlnventoryDevelopmentProgram655S.BayRoadDover,DE19901JulyXX,20142011BASEYNANSIPEMISSIONSINVI.'NT.ORYIìORVOC,NO*,&COTABLEOFCONTENTSListofTablesSECTION1_OVERVIEWANDSUMMARYIntroductionBackground&RequirementsResponsibilitiesProjectManagementInventoryPlanning....:..Inventoryl)evelopmentEmissionsSummarySECTION2*STATIONARYPOINTSOURCESPageiii1-1l-1t-2t-21-3t-41-5EmissionsSummary2-2SECTION3-STATIONARYNON-POINTSOURCESSourceCategoriesEmissionIlstimationMethodologiesandActivityDatallmissionsSummary3-4SECTION4_NON-ROADMOBILESOURCESEmissionEstimationMethodologies4-TEmissionsSummary4-2NONROADModelEquipment4-3Aircraft4-6Locomotives..........4_10ConrmercialMarineVessels.................4-12SECTION5_ON-ROADMOBILESOURCESDelaware-specificinputdatafor2011VehicleMilesTraveled(VMT)Data.5-2VMTFractionsbyVehicleType5-3VMTTemporalAllocations....5-4VehiclePopulationsandAgeDistributions5-5VehicleSpeedsInspectionandMaintenance(VM)Controls3-l3-15-25-65-75-85-9IlmissionsliomNEIv120IIBASEYEARSIPEvIssI<INsINVENToRYI.oRVOC,NOX,&COSECTION2Table2-12011Facility-levelEmissionsforNewCastleCounty.Z-2Table2-22011Facility-levelEmissionsforSussexCounty...2-3SECTION1Tablel-1Table1-2Table1-3SECTION3l'able3-1Table3-2Table3-3Table3-4SECTION4Table4-lTable4-2Table4-3Table4-4Table4-5Table4-6Table4-7'l-able4-8Table4-9Table4-10Table4-11Table4-12Table4-13Table4-14Table4-15]lable4-16Table4-17Table4-18Table4-19Table4-20Table4-21SECTION5llable5-1Table5-2LISTOFTABLES2011DernographicDatafbrNewCastleandSussexCounties.2011NewCastleCountyEmissionsbySourceSector2011SussexCountyErnissionsbySourceSectorNon-pointSourceCategoriesInventoriedSummaryof2011Non-pointSourceActivityDataSummaryof2011Non-pointEmissionsfbrNewCastleCountySummaryof201INon-pointErnissionsforSussexCountyPage1-4l-51-55-Z3-43-53-6Summaryof2011Non-roadEmissionsforNewCastleCountySummaryof201INon-roadEmissionsforSussexCountySCCsAddressedbytheNONROADModelNONROADModelTemperatureandF-uelCharacteristicInputValuesbySeasonfor2011201IDelaware-specificGeographicAllocationFactors2011NewCastleCountyEmissionsforNONROADEquipment2011SussexCountyEmissionsforNONROADEquipmentSCCsforAircraft2011LTODataforNewCastleandSussexCounties2011AnnualErnissionsbyCountyforAircraftSCCsforLocomotives2011LocomotiveFuelConsumptionDatabyCountyforClassILineHaulOperations........4-lI2011SwitchyardActivityandEstimatedFuelConsumption...........4-112011LocomotiveEmissionsbyCounty..........4-I2U.S.EPAMarineEngineCategoryDefinitions......4-12SCCsforCommercialMarineVessels........4-13WaterwaySegmentDistancesfortheDelawareIìiverArea...........4-14VesselTypesCallingonDelawareRiverAreaPortsin20l1.........4-15AveragePropulsionEnginePowerandthe2011NumberofCallsforOGVsCallingontheDelawareRiverArea(Dlì,NJ,andPA)......4-16MaterialDredgedinDelawareWaterduring20ll..4-182011ConrmercialMarineVesselEmissionsbyCounty........4-19SCCIncludedinOn-roadMobileInventory5-1NewCastleCountyVMTFractionsbyRoadType5-34-24-34-44-44-54-64-64-74-84-94^10lll2011BASEYEARSIPEMISSIONSINVBNTOIIYIìORVOC,NO",&COTable5-3l'able5-4Table5-5Table5-6Table5-7Table5-8Table5-9Table5-10'fable5-11Tallle5-12Table5-13LISTOFTAIìLEScontinuedSussexCountyVMTFractionsbyRoadTypeNewCastleCountyVMTFractionsbyVehicleTypeSussexCountyVMTFractionsbyVehicleTypeMonthlyVMTAllocationFractionsforNewCastleCountyMonthlyVMTAllocationlìractionsforSussexCounty2011VehiclePopulationsforNewCastleCounty2011VehiclePopulationsforSussexCounty.2011AverageSpeedMatrixNewCastleCountyI/MProgramParametersSussexCountyI/MProgramParameters2011AnnualandSSWDEmissionsforOn-roadMobileSourcesbyCountyPage5-3s-35-45-55-55-55-65-65-l5-85-9tv201IB¡snYEARSIPEMrssroNSINVTNloRvFoRVOC,NOx,&COSncrroNI20llOzoNnINvnNroRyOvnnvrnwANDSuvrnnanvlntroduction'fhisdocurnentcontainsl)elaware'sbaseyearemissioninventoryStateImplementationPlan(SIP)revisionunderthe8-hourozoneNationalArnbientAirQualityStandardQIAAQS)setforthbyUSEnvironmentalProtectionAgency(EPA)in2008.IìackgroundandRequirementsGround-levelozone,oneoftheprincipalcomponentsof"smog,"isaseriousairpollutantthatharmshumanhealthandtheenvironrnent.I{ighlevelsofozonecandamagetherespiratorysystemandcausebreathingproblems,throatirritation,coughing,chestpains,andgreatersusceptibilitytorespiratoryinfection.Highlevelsofozonealsocauseseriousdamagetoforestsandagriculturalcrops,resultingineconomiclossestologgingandfanningoperations.InMarch2008,theEPArevisedthe19978-hourozoneNAAQSof0.08partspermillion(ppm)to0.075ppm(73FR16436).The2008ozonestandardof0.075ppmisexpectedtoprovidebetterprotectionsofpublichealthandenvironment.InafinalruleofMay2012,theEPAdesignated46areasinthecountryasnonattainmentforthe2008ozonestandard.NewCastleCountyofDelawarewasdesignatedasnonattainmentasapartofthePhiladelphia-WilmingtonAtlanticCityMalginalNon-AttainmentArea(NAA)(77FR30088).SincethismarginalNAAiscenteredbytheCilyofPhiladelphia,itisoftenreferredtoas"thePhiladelphiaNAA."Inthesamefinalrule,SussexCountyofDelawarewasdesignatedasastand-alonenonattainmentarea,called"SeafordMarginalNAA,"andKentCountywasinattainrnent(77FR30088).TheEPAmadethedesignationsofthesethreecountiesbasedontheir2009-2010-2011designvalues,andtlreeffectivedateofthedesignationswereJuly20,2012.Ozoneisgenerallynotdirectlyemittedtotheatmosphere.Itisformedintheatmospherebyphotochemicalreactionsamongvolatileorganiccompounds(VOC),oxidesofnitrogenOtrOx),andcarbonmonoxide(CO)inthepresenceofsunlight.'fofacilitateplanning,Sections182(a)(1)and172(c)(3)oftheCAArequireallozonenon-atlainmentareastoestablishacomprehensive,accurate,andcurrentinventoryofactualemissionsfromallsourcesoftherelevantpollutantorpollutantsintheareabyJuly20,2014(i.e.,twoyearsafterdesignationasnonattainment).Delawarehaspreviouslybeendesignatednonattainmentforozoneunderthe1990l-hourand19978-hourozoneNAAQSs,andhasthereforebeensubjecttothisemissioninventoryrequirementsince1990.DelawarehasdevelopedemissioninventoriesthatrneetthecriterionofCAA182(a)(1)and172(c)(3)everythreeyearssince1990,andDelaware'slatestcomprehensive,accurateinventoryofactualemissionsfi'omallsourcesofVOC,NOxandCOintheStatecoveredcalendaryear2071.ThepurposeofthisSIPrevisionistoestablishDelaware'scalendaryear2011emissionsinventory,describedinthisdocurnent,asitsbaseyearemissionsinventoryunderthe2008ozoneNAAQS.1-1201IBASBYnnRSIPEvrssroNsINVF.NIoRYIìoRVOC,NO*,&COResponsibilitiesTheagencywithdirectresponsibilityfordevelopingandsubmittingthisSIPdocumentisDelawareDepartmentofNaturalResourcesandEnvironmentalControl(DNRllC),DivisionofAirQuality(DAQ),undertheDivisionDirector,AliMirzakhalili,P.8..TheworkingresponsibilityftrrDelaware'sairqualitySIPplanningfallswithinDAQ'sPlanningBranch,withBranchManagerRonaldA.Amirikian.DavidFees,P.8.,managingengineer,istheprincipalauthorofthisdocument.ProjectManagementTheEmissionInventoryDeveloprnent(EID)Programresponsiblefolpleparingthe2011PeriodicllmissionincludeemissionsofVOC,NO"andCOsummarizedSepternber2011,withfocusonthe2011pointsourceMarch/Aprilof2012.withinthePlanningBranchofDAQwasInventory(PEI)furcriteriapollutantstointhisreport.InternalplanningbeganininventoryreportingcycletakingplaceinTheoverallprojectmanagerwasresponsibleforidentifyingoverallinventorygoals,objectives,anddeadlines,initiatinginventoryplanning,approvingestimationmethodologiesrecommendedbystaftreviewingemissionsdevelopmentwork,andpreparinginventoryreportsanddocunentation.Poin[SourcesPointsourcesstaffwasresponsibleforthefollowing:aaooIdentifyingpointsourceinventorygoals,objectives,anddeadlines;Establishingtheuniverseoffacilitiestoinventory;Overseeingthedeveloprnentofthesurveyformsandinstructions;Providingtrainingandguidancetoindustryrepresentatives;Settinguptheon-lineelectronicreportingsystemandworkingwithDNREC'sOfficeofInformationTechnologyinpreparingtheon-linereportingcapabilities;Perforrningatechnicalreviewofemissionsdatasubrnittedbyfacilities;Workingwithfacilityrepresentativestocorrecterrors;Managingthepointsourceinventorydatabase;andOverseeingqualitycontrolofpointsourcesdata.Non-¡toinland)ff-roadSourcesNon-pointandoff-roadsourcesstaffwasresponsibleforthefiollowing:.Researchingandrecommendingernissionestirnationmethodologies;oDefiningallsimplifyingassumptions;oObtaining20llactivitydata,currentemissionfactors,andapplicablecontrolinformation.Usingspreadsheetstocalculateemissions;aaaaaI-22011BASEYEARSIPEvIssIoNsINv¡N.I.oRYIìORVOC,NOx,&COoDownloadingandusingtheEDMSrnodelf,ordevelopingaircraftemissions;oDownloadingandusingtheNONROADmodel;oReviewingemissioncalculationsforaccuracyandcompleteness;.Preparingreportdocuments;and.Cornpilingsupportingdocumentation.On-roadMobileSourcesOn-roadmobilesourcesstaffwasresponsibleforthefollowing:oI)ownloadingtheMOVESrnodel;oObtaining2011vehiclernilestraveled(VMT),vehicleregistration,andothermobileinputdatafromtheDelawareDepartmentofTransportation;oObtainingotherdataforinclusioninthemodelinputs;.PreparingtheinputfilesforrunningMOVES;oRunningMOVESandsummarizingthemodeloutputs;.Reviewingernissionsfbraccuracyandcompleteness;.Preparingreportdocuments;and.Compilingsuppoltingdocumentation.AsisnotedinSection5ofthisreport,DAQisutilizingoutputfromEPA'sNationalEmissionInventory(NEI),versionl,lunoftheMOVESmodel.lnventoryPlanningCalendaryear2011isaPEIyearasdefinedbytheAirErnissionsReportingRequirements(AERR).TheAtsRRspecifiestheemissionsdataforcriteriapollutantsfhatarcrequiredtobereportedtoEPA'sNEI.APEIrequiresthedevelopmentofemissionestimatesliomallsourceswithinastateorlocalareaf,orallcriteriapollutantsandtheirprecursors.Assuch,the2011inventorycanprovidethenecessarydatafbrthe20088-hourozoneNAAQSbaseyearinventory.InventoryParametersTheinventoryparametersdefinedbythe20llOzoneBaseYearSIPinventoryincludethefollowing:ofnventoryyear-201I;oPollutants-VOC,NO*andCOasprecursorstoozone;oSourcecoverage-allsources,includingpoint,non-point,mobile,andnon-roadsources;oSpatialresolution-countylevelemissions;oGeographiccoverage-NewCastleCountyandSussexCounty;andoTemporalresolution-annualandsummerseasonweekdaydailyemissions.DalaColleclionandManagementIìorallsourcecategoriesthegatheringoflocalactivitydatarepresentedamajortaskspleadovermanymonths.Forpointsources,mostfacilitiesreportedtheiremissionsthroughtheuseofthe1-32011BASEYp¡rnSIPEtr¡lsstoNsINvliNl'oRYIìoRVOC,NO*,&COStateandLocalEmissionInventorySystern(SLEIS)on-linereportingsystem.Dataenteredintotheon-linesystemweretransferredtoaDAQdatabaseforreviewandcorreotion.MicrosoftExcel@spreadsheetswereemployedformanagingactivitydataandcalculatingemissionsfì'omstationarynon-pointsourcesandsomenon-roadcategories.Aconsistentsetoftabswithineachsourcecategolyspreadsheetincludedactivitydata,pointsourcedata(ifapplicable,forbackouts),ernissionfäctors,controls,emissioncalculations,NEIinputformats,andnotesonQA/QCprocedures.Enissionsformostofthenon-roadvehiclesandequiprnentcategorieswerecalculatedusingtheNONROAD2OO8amodel.Aircraftengineemissionsforlandingandtake-offsatairporlsinDelawarewerecalculatedusingtheF'ederalAviationAdministration'sEmissionsandDispersionModelingSystem(EDMS),Version5.1'.4.1.EmissionsdataweretransferredfromSLEIS(pointsources),û'omthenon-pointandnon-roadspreadsheets,andfiomthernocleloutputstostagingtablesinMicrosoftAccessodatabases.ThesedatabaseswerethenconvertedtoXMLfilesviatheEISbridgetool,andthentransmittedtotheEISviaCDXwebclientbyDecember31,2012tomeetthereportingrequirementsoftheAERR.InventoryDevelopmentForpointsources,DAQdevelopedasetofcriteriatouseinestablishingtheuniverseoffacilitiesrequiredtoreport.ThesecriteriaarepreseÍìtedinthepointsourcesectionofthisreport.Reportingpackagesweresenttoeachfacilitymeetingoneormoreofthereportingcriteria.Anextensiveamountofreviewandfollowupwasperformedonthepointsourcedafasubmittedbyfacilities.Fornon-pointsources,thefirstmaintaskinvolvedgatheringactivitydataforeachsourcecategory.Inmanycases,thesedatawereobtainedfromDelaware-specificsources.Insomecasestheactivitydataweredevelopedthroughtheallocationofaportionofanationalactivitydataset(i.e.,nationaloff-roadequiprnentpopulations)toDelaware.BasicdemographicdatawerealsousedforsomesourcecategoriesandarepresentedinTable1-I.Onceactivitydatawereobtained,spreadsheetsweredevelopecltomanagethedataandcombinetheactivitydatawiththeselectedemissionfactorstoobtainuncontrolledemissions.Finally,forthosesourceswherecontrolsapplied,emissionswereadjustedtoaccountforcontrolefficiency,ruleeffectiveness,andrulepenetration.Table1-1.2011Demograph¡cDataforNewCastleandSussexCountiesDemoqraphicParameterNewCastleSussexPooulation544.325200,771Households205.50080,638LandArea(squaremiles)439950AnnualVMT(millionmiles)5.2012.224Foron-roadrnobileandoff-roadequipment,theMOVESandNONROADmodels,respectively,wereusedtodevelopemissionsfiomthesesources.lntheuseofthesemodels,activitydatawere1-42011BASEYpRnSIPErurssroNsINVDNIoRyFoRVOC,NO*,&COincludedinthemodelinputfiles.ForanytypeofdatausedbythemodelforwhichDelawarespecificdatadidnotexist,thernodelusedthesystemdefaults.DetailsaboutDelaware-specificanddefaultparametersarediscussedintheon-roadandnon-roadsections.Themodelsaccountforcontrols,someofwhichreflectcontrolsspecifictoDelaware.EmissionsSummaryThelòllowingemissionsummariespreserftheentire2011emissioninventoryforVOC,NO*,andCOforNewCastleCountyandSussexCountybrokendownbysourcesector.Throughoutthisdocument,annualemissionsarereportedintonsperyear(TPY)andsummerseasonweekdaydailyemissionsintonsperday(TPD).Thetotalsmaynotmatchthesumoftheindividualvaluesduetoindependentrounding.Table1-2.2011NewCastleCountyEmissionsbySourceSectorSourceSectorAnnualÍTPYìSSWDITPDIvocNO"covocNO,coPoint8362.7503,6493.0212.0212.32Non-poinf4,8821,3243,42511.392.11224On-road3,2857.49537,489L8520.6591.58Non-road1,9893.57720,6887.0411.1979.33AllSectors10.99215,14665.25130.3045.97185.47Table1-3.2011SussexGountyEmissionsbySourceSectorSourceSectorAnnualÍTPY)SSWD(TPD)vocNO"covocNO"coPoint8152.4564424.9412.101.60Non-point2,1774782,4635.950.862.05On-road2.9744.70228.3238.8614.8778.67Non-road2,5583,04516,9178.4710.0260.50AllSectors8.52410.68148.14528.2237.85142.82l-5201IBrrsnYn¡nSìPEMISSIONSlNvnNronvronVOC,NO*,&COSncrroN2Starrox¡,RvPorxrSouncnsThepointsourceinventoryrepresentsfucility-specificdataf'orlarger:stationarysources.Emissionsdataforallothersourcecategoriesarereportedatthecoutfylevel.Pointsourcestypicallyincludelargeindustrial,commercialandinstitutionalfacilities.Manufacturingfacilities,withintheindustrialsector,comprisethemajorityofallreportingpointsources.Theinstitutionalsectorincludeshospitals,universities,prisons,militarybases,landfills,andwastewatertreatmentplants.UnlikeothersourcesectoremissionswhichareestimatedbyDAQ,poirfsourceemissionsdataaresubmittedtoDAQbythefacilities.Emissionsarereportedattheprocesslevelandincludebothconfined(stack)emissionpointsaswellasunconfined(fugitive)emissionsources.Akeyaspectofpointsourcedataistheinclusionoffacilitycoordinatestoaccuratelyallocateemissionsspatiallywithinacountyforpurposesofperformingairdispersionmodeling.Theplanningandexecutionofthepointsourceinventorywasaccomplishedintheftrllowingchronologicalorder:oEstablishthereporlingcriteriaandlistoffacilitiestosurvey;oObtaininventorydatafi'omfacilities;oPerformadministrativeandtechnicalreviewofdatareceivedfromfacilities;oSeekresubmissions/correctionsfrornfacilitiesbasedondatareview;oPerforminternaldatamanipulation(i.e.,applyruleeffectiveness,temovenon-reactiveVOCs,createsummerseasonweekdayemissionvalues);andoPrepareinventorydatafiles,report,andsupportingdocurnentation.Sincetheremaybeoverlapbetweenpointsourcesandstationarynon-pointsourcecategories,onefinalactivityrequiredofthepoirfsourceinventorystaffistoprovidepointsourcebackoutdatawhereappropriate.Pointsourcebackoutdataincludesemissions,throughput,oremployees,dependingonthenon-pointsourcecategorymethodology.'Ihefollowingcriteriawereestablishedfordefiningtheuniverseoffácilitiestobesurveyedfor2011:oFacilitiesthatheldaTitleVpermitin20lI;.Anyfacilitywithemissionsgreaterthan5TPYforVOCsor25TPYforNO*in2008,2009or2010,aspreviouslyreportedtotheDAQinventoryprogram;and.AnyfacilitythatrnaybeasignificantsourceofemissionsbutforwhichDAQdoesnothavepreviousinventorydata,orotherwiseofparticularinterest.Basedonthesecriteria,72facilitiesstatewidereportedairemissionsdatafor2011.SinceonlyNewCastleandSussexCountieshavebeendesignatedwithinamarginalnon-attainmentareaforthe20088-hourozonestandard,atotalof57facilitieswillbepresentedinthisreport.2-120I1BASEYnanSIPEMISSIONSINVENT.ORYFORVOC,NOX,&COEmissionsSummaryTable2-1.2011Facility-LevelEmissionsforNewCastleCountyFacilitvNamevocNO,coTPYTPDTPYTPDTPYTPDA.l.DuPontHosoital10.0160.1010.02AirLiquide-DelawareCitv<1<0.0100<1<0.01AmtrakMaintenanceFacilitv2<0.014030AshlandResearchCenter(Hercules)1<0.0120.0140.02AstrazenecaPharmaceuticals1<0.0170.0470.02BASF(CibaSpecialtvChemicals)240.07110.03240.06Caloine-ChristianalConectiv)<1<0.0110.42<10.01Calpine-DelawareCitv(Conectiv)<1<0.01<10.06<1<0.01Calpine-EdqeMoor(Conectiv)250.213461.741100.43Calpine-HavRoad(Conectiv)330.126022.191670.61Calpine-WestSubstation(Conectiv)<1<0.0'1<10.20<10.01ChristianaHosoitalI<0.01140.13110.05CleanEarthofNewCastle30.03200.1440.03CrodalUnioema)40.01240.09260.08DassaultFalconJet140.031<0.011<0.01DelawareCitvRefinervlPremcor)3031.221.0724.516172.14DelawareCitvTerminal(Premcor)180,05<1<0.01<1<0.01Del.CorrectionalCenter-Smvrna<1<0.0150.017o.o2DiamondMaterials30.0340.05130.13DSWACherrvlslandLandfill240.0710.0230.05DuPont-ChestnutRun30.02480.1550.01DuPont-EdqeMoor990.29270.082,0515.97DuPont-RedLion20.01230.1040.02DuPontBuildinq-Wilminqton<1<0.01b0.0650.03DuPontExperimentalStationB0.051800.76170.09DuPontStine-HaskellLab30.02I0.13100.05E-A-RSpecialtvComposites20.01<1<0.01<1<0.01ÊvrazClavmontSteel690.201660.493461.03Fisker(GeneralMotors)1<0.01110.0380.02FMC30.01310.08260.06FormosaPlastics590.16320.10220.05FPlnternational20.011<0.011<0.01JohnsonControlsBatterv<1<0.013<0.012<0.01KuehneChemical<1<0.012<0.011<0.01MacDermid1<0.01<1<0.01<1<0.01MaqellanTerminals390.102<0.011<0.0'1Microoore30.010000Printpack440.1330.0130.01Rohm&HaasElectronicMaterials70.034o.o250.02Sunoco460.10540.141110.10UniversitvofDelaware-Newark4<0,01200.03260.06VeteransAdministrationHospital<1<0.0140.0630.02WilminotonWWTPI<0.0'140.0140.01NewCastleGountvTotal8363.022,75012.023,64912.32aa20IIBASBYI]ARSIPEMISSIONSINVENI'OIìYFORVOC,NO*,&COTable2-2.2011Facility-LevelEmissionsforSussexCountyFacilitvNamevocNO"coTPYTPDTPYTPDTPYTPDAllenharimlAllenFamilvFoods)<102020AmickFarms(Allen'sMillinq)<1<0.0140.0530.02DSWASouthernLandfill110.03400.132330.61lnvista70.0220.09100.06JustinTanks60.020000MountaireFarms-Millsboro1<0.0140.02I0.02MountaireFarms-Selbyville<1<0.01170.0520.01Multi-TechB0.040000NRGlndianRiverPowerPlant170.092.35211.681710.84OSGShioManaqement(Maritrans)7644.730000PerdueFarms-Bridqeville<1<0.0150.0240,01PerdueFarms-Georqetown<1<0.01Bo.o250.01PerdueFarmsAqrirecvcle<1<001160.03<1<0.01PinnacleFoods1<0.0150.0230.02SussexCountvTotal8154.942.45612.104421.602-3201IBASLTYn¿nSIPEurssloNsINVENToRYIroRVOC,NO*,&COSncrrou3SrarroN,rnvNoN-PoINTSouncnsStationarynon-pointsourcesrepresenlalargeanddiversesetofindividualemissionsourcecategories.Anon-pointsourcecategoryiseitherrepresentedbysmallfacilitiestoonurneroustoindividuallyinventory,suchascommercialcookingatrestaurantsandfuelcombustionatavarietyofsmallbusinesses,orisacommonactivity,suchasresidentialopenburning.Emissionsfi'omthenon-poirfsourcecategorieswereestimatedatthecountylevel.SourceCategoriesThereareanumberofnon-pointsourcecategorieswhichcontributeemissionsofozoneprecursors.Thesecategoriescanbegroupedintoseveralcategorytypes.Theseinclude:oSolventUse-ManyproductsusedbyhomeownersandbusinessescontainVOCsolventstoachievetheintendedpurposeoftheproduct.Paints,cleaners,pesticides,personalcareproducts,andinksareafewexamplesofproductsthatcontainVOCsolvents.GasolineUsage-ThedistributionanduseofgasolineinvehiclesandothergasolinepoweredenginesresultinemissionsofVOCswheneverthevolatilegasolinevaporsareallowedtoescape.FuelCombustion*Thecombustionoffuelsinindustrial,commetcial,institutional,andresidentialfurnaces,engines,boilers,woodstoves,andfireplacescreateemissionsofVOCs,NO*andCO..OpenBurning-OpenburningcreatesemissionsofVOCs,NO*andCO.Openburningcategoriesincludetrashburning,prescribedburning,burningoflandclearingdebris,wildfires,andhouseandvehiclefires.Individualfacilitiesaretypicallygroupedwithotherlikesourcesirrtoasourcecategory.Sourcecategoriesaregroupedinsuchawaythatemissionsareestimatedcollectivelyusingonemethodology.Forthe2011inventory,thedistinctionbetweenpointandnon-pointwasdefinedbyanannualemissionthresholdbasedonrecentpointsourcedata(seeSection2forpointsourcecriteria).Table3-1liststhesourcecategoriesf,orwhichVOCs,NO*andCOforNewCastleandSussexCountieswereestimated.EmissionEstimationMethodologiesandActivityDataThe2008DelawarePeriodicEmissionInventoryseruedasthestartingpointfornon-pointsourcecategoryselectionandmethodologydevelopment.Newmethodswereappliedtosomeexistingsoulcecategories,andemissionfactorswereupdatedwhereavailable.NewmethodsandemissionfactorscameprimarilyfìomcurrentEmissionInventoryImprovementProgram,VolumeIIIdocumentsanddocumentedprojectsperfiormedbytheCaliforniaAirResourceBoard(CARB).OtlrersourcesofinformationincludedtheCompilationofAirPollutuntEmissionFactors,VolumeI3-12011B,,rsnYIjArìSIPEtr¡lssloNsINVENI()RYllollVOC,NOx,&CO(AP-42),theFactorInformalionRetrievalSystem(FIRE),andseveralprojectsperficrmedbytheMid-AtlanticRegionalAirManagementAssociation(MARAMA),thelSasternRegionalTechnicalAdvisoryCommittee(ERTAC)andEPA.Table3-1.Non-pointSourceCategorieslnventoriedVOCEmissionsOnlvEmissionsofVOC.NO..andCOAoriculturalPesticidesAoriculturalBurninqAIMCoatinqsCommercialCookinqAsohaltPavinqCommercialFuelCombustionAutobodvRefinishinqlndustrialFuelCombustionCommercial&ConsumerProductsLandClearinqDebrisBurninqDeoreasinoPrescribedBurninqDrvCleaninoResidentialFuelCombustionGasoline(Petroleum)MarketinqResidentialOpenBurningGraphicArtsResidentialWoodCombustionlndustrialAdhesivesStructureFiresIndustrialSurfaceCoatinosVehicleFiresTrafficMarkinqsWildfiresErnissionsfiommostnon-poirÍsourcecategorieswereestimatedbymultiplyinganindicatorofcollectiveactivitybyacoruespondingemissionfactor.Anindicatorisanypalameterassociatedwiththeactivitylevelofasource,suchasproduction,employment,fuelusage,orpopulationthatcanbecomelatedwiththeemissionsfromthatsource.Thecorrespondingemissionfactorsareperunitofproduction,peremployee,perunitofcornmodityconsumed,orpercapita,respectively.Thebasicequationthatwasappliedtoemissiondevelopmentformostnon-pointsourcecategoriesisaslollows:Emissions(E)ActittityData(Q)xEmissionFactor(EIr)IfasourcecategoryhadaregulatorycontrolplacedonitattheFederalorStatelevel,theequationexpandstothefollowing:EQxEFxFCEcontrolefficiency(cE)(RE)(RP)lwhere:RE:ruleeffectivenessRPrulepenetrationThecontrolefficiency(CE)representsthetypicalemissionsreductionachievedascomparedtotheotherwiseuncontrolledemissions.Acontrolmaybeapieceofequipment,suchasacondenserusedtorecovervaporizedsolvent,oritrnaybeanoperationalcontrol,suchastheuseofonlylowVOCcontentpaints.1ô.)-z201IBASE..YnenSIPtsMISSIONSIN\/ENTORYI'-ORVCC,NOi,&,CORuleeffectiveness(RE)reflectstheabilityoftheregulatoryprogramtoachieveallemissionsreductionsthatcouldhavebeenachievedbyfullcompliancewiththeapplicableregulationsatallsourcesatalltimes.Ifaruleisnotbeingfollowedbyalloftheregulatedcommunity,thenemissionswillbehigherthanwouldotherwisebeiftherewas100%compliance.Asanexample,whiletheburningoftrashisillegalunderanycircumstancesinDelaware,thepracticeofburninghouseholdtrashinbackyardburnbanelsstilltakesplaceinmanyruralareasoftheState.Rulepenetration(RP)representsthepercentofsourceswithinasourcecategorythataresubjecttotherulethatrequirescontrol.Asanexample,gasstationsthatdispensemorethan10,000gallonsofgasolineinamontharerequiredbyDelawareregulationstoplacevaporrecoverysystemsontheirgaspumps.Thosedispensinglessthan10,000gallonsarenotrequiredtoinstallcontrols.Therefore,RPislessthan100%.Inthecaseofthebumingoftrashorleaves,nopersonorbusinessisexempt,andthusRPis100%Themassbalanceapproachwasusedforseveralsourcecategoriesasanaltemativetotheuseofanemissionfactor.ThemassbalanceapproachisapplicabletoVOCsourcecategorieswherealloftheVOCcontentintheproductsused(i.e.,paintsandadhesives)evaporatesandisemittedasaresultofthenormaluseoftheproduct.Rawmaterialorproductpurchaserecordswereusedtoquantifyemissions.EmissionswereequatedtotheVOCcontentofthematerialusageminusamountsleavingthesiteasorinwaste.Amajorportionoftheworkinvolvedincreatingthe20llnon-pointsourceinventorywasincollectingactivitydataforeachsourcecategory.Theactivitydatagatheredwasrelatedtothetypeofemissionfactorsavailableand,inmanycases,obtainedfromlocalsources.Surveys,letters,emails,andphonecallstoindividualbusinessestoobtainrepresentativedataforasourcecategorywasatechniqueusedforseveralsourcecategories.ThetypeofactivitydataandthedatasourceforeachcategoryisprovidedinTable3-2.Pointsourcebackoutwasperformedfortheindustrialandcommercialfuelcombustioncategoriesandmanyofthesolventusagecategoriestoavoiddoublecountingofemissionsbetweenpointandnon-pointsources.PointsourcefuelusagewasbackedoutfromfuelconsumptiondataobtainedfromtheU.S.DepartmentofEnergy's(DOE)EnergyInformationAdministration(EIA).PointsourceemploymentwasbackedoutfromemploymentdataobtainedfromtheDelawareDepartmentofLabor.Non-reactiveVOCswereexcludedfromemissionestimates.Emissionfactorsspecifiedasnonmethaneorganiccarbon(NMOC)inAP-42wereusedwhenavailable.Insomeinstances,theAP42emissionfactorwasintermsoftotalorganiccarbon(TOC)andthepercentageofthemethanecomponentwasindicatedinafootnote.Inthesecases,theemissionfactorwasreducedbythepercentageofmethanetoremovethenon-reactivemethanecomponentintheemissiontotal.Forèxample,forevaporativeemissionsfromcrudeoil,themethanecomponentwas15percent.Theemissionfactorwasreducedby15percenttoremovemethanefrornthecalculation.Sourceactivitymayfluctuatesignificantlyonaseasonalbasis.Asanexample,residentialwoodcombustionisprimarilyperformedoutsidethesummerseason.Paintusage,ontheotherhand,isusedmoreofteninthewarmermonthsoftheyear'.Becausenon-poitttsourceemissionsaregenerallyadirectfunctionofsourceactivity,seasonalchangesinactivitylevelswereexamined3-3201IBASEYir,RSIPEMISSIoNsINvBNTonYnortVOC;NOx,&CQclosely.Emissionswerecalculatedonanannualbasis.Sutnmerseasonweekday(SSWD)dailyemissionsweredevelopedthroughtheuseofatemporalallocationfactor(TAF)appliedtotheannualemissions.IrrtontnyandweeklyprofileswereusedtodeveloptheTAF.Themonthlyprofileforeachsourcecategorywasdevelopedthroughtheuseofmonthlyactivitydata,whenavailable,orthroughEpAguidanceçI,rocedurri,Volu*eIanJEIIPdocuments.)MostweeklyprofilesweredevelãpedthroughEPAguidancewhichdefinesactivitytakingplacefive,six,otsevendaysperweek.throughÈlAguiaance,allTAFsincludetheworkweek.AfewTAFsweredevelopedbasedontheexactãatesofðpisodicactivity,suchasfirefightingtrainingburnsandwildfires.Table3-2.summaryor2011Non-pointsourceActivityDataEmissionsSummaryTables3-3and3-4providecountysummariesofthe2011amual(tonsperyear'TPY)andSSWD(tonsperday,TPD)emissionsforeachnon-pointsourcecategoryforNewCastleCountyandSussexC-ounty,iespectively.Thetotalsrnaynotmatchthesunoftheindividualvaluesduetoindependentrounding.SourceCateqoryActivitvDataSourceofActivitYDataAoriculturalBurninqAcreaqeandveqetationtYPeDAQAreaSourceComplianceProgramAoriculturalPesticidesPlantedcropacreaqeDelawareDepartmentofAgricultureAIMCoatinqsSolventsinU.S.PaintshiPments;U.S.PopulationU.S.CensusBureauAsohaltPavinqCutbackandemulsifiedasPhaltusaoeDelawareDepartmentofTransportationAutobodyRefinishingEmploymentdataDelawareDepartmentofLeþgICommercial&ConsumerProductsPopulationDelawarePopulationConsortiumCommercialCookingPopulationDelawarePopulationConsortiumCommercialFuelCombustionFuelconsumptionDOEEnergylnformatio¡Admin'DeqreasingEmolovmentdataDelawareDepartmentofLaþq1DrvCleaninqFacilitv-levelsolventusageDAQAreaSourceComplianceProgra¡rGasoline(Petroleum)MarketingGasolinefuelsales;VMTthroughuseofMOVES(Stage2);emolovmentdata(comm.PFCs)FHWAMotorFuellaxA0mlnlslrallon;DeIDOT(VMT);DelawareDePartmentofLabor(emploYmentdata)GraphicArtsEmolovmentdataDelawareDepartmentofLaborlndustrialAdhesivesPooulationl)elawarePooulationConsortiumlndustrialFuelCombustionFuelconsumptionDOEEnerqvlnformationAdmin.lndustrialSurfaceCoatingsEmolovmentdataDelawareDePartmentofLaborLandClearingDebrisBurningAcreagedisturbedduringroad,commercial,andresidentialconstructionDAQdatacalculatedfortheconstructiondustcateqoriesPrescribedBurningAcreaoeandveqetationtYPeDAQAreaSourceComplianceP¡qgramResidentialFuelCombustionFuelconsumptionDOEEnerqvlnformationAdmin.ResidentialOpenBurningRuralhouseholdsU.S.CensusBureauResidentialWoodCombustionOccupiedhouseholdsDelawarePoPulationConsortiumStructureFiresNumberofstructuresfiresDelawareFireMarshalandDAQAreaSourceComPlianceProgramTrafficMarkingsU.S.paintshipments;U.S.andStatepublicroadmilesU.S.CensusBureau;FHWAhighwaYstatisticspublicationVehicleFiresNumberofvehiclefiresDelawareFireMarshalWildfiresAcreaoeandveqetationtvpeDelawareDivisionofForestry3-42011BnSB,YannSIPEMISSIONSINVENTORYTORVOC¡NOx,&C8Table3-3.Summaryof201INon-pointEmissionsforNewCastleCountySourceCateqoriesvocNOxcoTPYTPDTPYTPDTPYTPDSOLVENTUSEAqriculturalPesticides1140.36AIMCoatinos6022.26AsohaltPavino<1<0.01AutoRefinishinq2601.00Commercial&ConsumerProducts1.2453.53DrvCleanino<1<0.01GraohicArts570.21lndustrialAdhesives&Sealants1270.39lndustrialSurfaceCoatino910.35SolventCleaninq1910.68TraffìcMarkinos60.06SolventUseTotal2,6928.85GASOLINEMARKETINGRetailGasolineSfaflonsTankTruckUnloadinq(Staqe1)1190.41RefuelinoandPFCFillinolStaoe2)1020.33UnderoroundTankBreathino810.24TankTrucksinTransil70.02OtherGasolineMa¡ketinqActivitiesAircraftRefuelinq230.07Marinas180.06PortableFuelContainers2410.83CMVLoadinoandTransoort1210.33GasolineMarketinqTotal7122.29FUELCOMBUSTIONCommercial/lnstitutional180.033320.602700.50lndustrial210.063841.203170.99ResidentialFossilFuel2780.025250.302150.13ResidentialWood633o.o7600.0135720.43FuelCombustionTotal6990.{91,3022.114,3742.05OPENBURNINGAoriculturalBurnino000000ResidentialOoenBurninq1<0.01<1<0.01110.01LandClearinoDebrisBurnino000000PrescribedBurnino150703250StructureFires30.01<1<0.01140.03VehicleFires1<0.01<1<0.0140.01Wildfìres000000OpenBurninqTotal200.01I<0.013530.05MISCELLANEOUSSOURCESCommercialCookino200.05520.14NON-POINTSECTORTOTAL4,88211.391,3242.113.4252.243-5201l-BnsnYu:qRSIl'}EMISSIoNSINVENToRYIìoRVOC,NO*,&CO.Table3-4.Summaryof2011Non-pointEmissionsforSussexCountySourceCateqoriesvocNOcoTPYTPDTPYTPDTPYTPDSOLVENTUSEAoriculturalPesticides4711.40AIMCoatinqs2220.83AsohaltPavino10.01AutoRefinishinq44o.17Commercial&ConsumerProducts4591.30DrvCleaninq1<0.01GraohicArts140.05lndustrialAdhesives&Sealants40o.12lndustrialSurfaceCoatinq450.17SolventCleaning850.32TrafficMarkings60.06SolventUseTotal1.3884.45GASOLINEMARKETINGRetaÌlGasolineSfafionsTankTruckUnloading(Stage1)730.25RefuelinoandPFCFillinq(Stase2)700.23UnderqroundTankBreathinq470.14TankTrucksinTransit40.01OtherGasolineMafuetingActivitiesAircraftRefuelinoI0.03Marinas53o.17PortableFuelContainers930.32CMVLoadingandTransport660.18GasolineMarketinqTotal4151.34FUELCOMBUSTIONCommercial/lnstitutional3<0.01670.104450.07lndustrial100.03180o.57149o.47ResidentialFossilFuelI0.01191o.17950.09ResidentialWood3180.0627<0.01"17550.31FuelCombustionTotal3380.104660.842,0430.94OPENBURNINGAqriculturalBurning4020640ResidentialOpenBurning60.013<0.01500.05LandClearinoDebrisBurninq50.0120.01750.21PrescribedBurnino4020940StructureFires3<0.01<1<0.01150.02VehicleFires<1<0.01<1<0.011<0.01Wildfires50.0420.02102o.77OnenBurninqTotal280.06110.03401L06MISCELLANEOUSSOURCESCommercialCooking70.01190.05NON-POINTSECTORTOTAL2,1775.954780.862,4632.O53-6201IBASEYBaRSIPEMISSIONSINVENITORYT'ORVSrccrroN4NoN-RonnMonnnSouncnsNon-roadmobilesourcesrepresentalargeanddiversesetofofÊroadvehiclesandnon-stationaryequipment.EmissionestimatesofVOCs,NO*andCOforthissourcesectoraccountforexhaustemissionsfromenginefuelcombustion.Non+'oadvehiclesandequipmentaregroupedintofoursourcecategorytypesforthepurposeofdevelopingemissionestimates.Theseinclude:¡Aircraft-Commercial,military,andprivateaircraft"areconsideredunderthissourcecategory..Locomotives-Commerciallinehaulandyardlocomotivesareconsideredunderthissourcecategory..CommercialMarineVessels(CMVs)-VarioustypesofvesselsthatnavigatetheDelawareBayandRiverandtheChesapeakeandDelawareCanalareincludedunderthissourcecategory.Recreationalboatsareincludedinthenextcategory..OtherOff-roadVehiclesandEquipment-Allotheroff-roademissionsourcesareaccountedforthroughtheuseofEPA'sNONROADmodel.TheNONROADmodelcompilesofÊroadequipmentpertinenttoDelawareintothefollowingsubcategories:oRecreational(land-based);oConstruction;oIndustrial;oLawnandGarden;oAgricultural;oCommercial;oLogging;oAirporlGroundSupport;oRecreationalMarine;andoRailwayMaintenance.IndividualequipmentSCCscoveredintheNONROADmodelarefurtherbrokendownbythefueltype,including2-strokegasoline,4-strokegasoline,diesel,liquefiedpetroleumgas(LPG),andcompressednaturalgas(CNG).EmissionEstimationMpthodologicsThe2008DelawarePeriodicErnissionlnventoryseruedasthestartingpointfornon-roadsourcecategoryselectionandmethodologydevelopment.NonewsourceswereaddedtoDelawale'soffroadmobilesourceinVéntory.However,anewversionoftheFederalAviationAdministration's(F-AA)EmissionsandDispersionModelingSystem(EDMS)wereusedfor2011.4-12OIiBASEYTANSIPEMISSIONSINVENI.CIRYI.ORVOCSimilartotheestimationofstationarynon-pointemissions,ofÊroadequiprnentemissionswereestimatedbymultiplyinganindicatorofcollectiveactivitywithintheinventoryareaforasourcecategorybyaconesponãittgemissionfactor.TheindicatorsofactivityforofÊloadsourcesincludehndîngandtake-offrG.TOO,vesselport-of-calls,time-in-mode(TIMs,whicharepertinenttoaircrañandCMVs),grosstonmiles(lõcomotives),equipmentpopulationsandeconomicactivity(bothpertinenttoNONROaDequipment)thatcanbeconelatedwiththeemissionsfromthat,our"r.Thecorrespondingemissionfactorsareamountofpollutant(eithergramsorpounds)perunitoffuelused(to.o*õtiuesandmilitary/commercialaircraft),perLTo(airtaxiandgeneralaviation)orperunitofpowerouþutinbrakehorsepowerorkilowatt-hoursO{ONROADequipmentandCMVs,respectively).Amajorportionoftheworkinvolvedincreatingthe2011non-roadsourceinventorywasincolleciing-activitydataforeachsourcecategory.Theactivitydatagatheredwasrelatedtothetypeofemissionfactorsavailableand,inmanycases,obtainedfromlocalsources.Moreinformationaboutgatheringactivitydataforeachsourcecategoryispresentedbelow.Therearenopointsourcedatathatmustbebackedoutofthenon-roadmobilesourcesector.Eventhoughlargeiairportsmayreportasapointsource,theirreportedpointsourceemissionsdonotincluãegrãundiupportôquþmentoraircraftengineemissions.Also,aircraftemissionsaÍeestimated-'onlyforÍ-îOrtfrælateplaceataDelawareairport.EmissionsfromaircraftthattransitDelawareairspacearenotincludedinDelaware'sinventory.ErnissionsSummaryTables4-Iand4-2providecountysummariesofthe2011annual(tonsperyear'TPY)andSSWD(tonsper¿ay,T.pl)emissionsforaircraft,locomotives,commercialmarinevessels,andallequipmeniemisiionsestimatedusingEPA'sNONROADmodel.Thenon-roadsectorisasignificantcontributortoozoneprecursorsinDelaware.Table4-1.Summaryol201lNon-roadEmissionsforNewCastleCountySourceCateqoriesvocNO"coTPYTPDTPYTPDTPYTPDNONROADModelEquipment1.BBB6.761.7606.2319.84976.90Aircraff3l0.09560.136301.86Locomotives190.052330.644B0.13CommercialMarineVessels510.141.5284.191610.44NEWCASTLECOUNTYTOTAL1,9897.043,57711.1920,68879.334-2BASÉYEARSII?E,MISSIONSINVEN,|ONYNONVOCTable4-2.Summaryof2011Non-roadEmissionsforSussexCountySourceCateqoriesvocNOxcoTPYTPDTPYTPD,TPYTPDNONROADModelEquipment2,5078.341.7386.3416,53159.38AircraftI0.021<0.0125s0.78Locomotives2<0.01210.0650.01CommercialMarineVessels410.111,2853.621220.33SUSSEXCOUNTYTOTAL2.5588.473.04510.02r6_91760.50NONROADModelEquipmentDAQusedNONROAD2OO8atodevelop2011annualemissionestimatesforNewCastleCountyandSussexCounty.MostequipmentcoveredbytheNONROADmodelispoweredbydieselfueledcompression-ignitionenginesorgasoline-fueledspark-ignitionengines.Enginesfueledbycompressednaturalgas(CNG)andliquefiedpetroleumgas(LPG)enginesarealsoincludedintheNONROADmodel.Table4-3listsgeneralSCCsaddressedbytheNONROADmodel.Equipmentcategoriesaredefînedatthe7-digítSCClevel(withrecreationalmarineandrailwaymaintenancebeingexceptions)andspecifrcequipmentaredefinedatthel0-digitSCClevel.Toestimatepollutantemissions,theNONROADmodelmultipliesequipmentpopulationsandtheirassociatedactivitybytheappropriateemissionfactors.Geographicallocationfactors(GAFs)areusedtodistributenationalequipmentpopulationstostates/counties.Thesefactorsarebasedonsurrogateindicatorsofequipmentpopulations.Forexample,harvestedcroplandisthesumogateindicatorusedinallocatingagriculturalequipment.Anationalaverageengineactivity(i.e.,loadfactortimesannualhoursofuse)isusedinNONROAD.Toimprovetheaccuracyofthemodelruns,defaultinputswerereplacedintheNONROADmodeloptionfilesforselectparameters.Intheoptionspacket,inputsthatcanbereplacedinclude:Reidvaporpressure(RVP),temperature,oxygenatedfuelweightpercent,andfuelsulfurlevels.Localactivitydatainputs,suchasequipmentpopulationsoractivity(e.g.,hoursofuseorloadfactors),canalsoreplacedefaultvaluesinthemodel.NONROADmodeloptionfileswerepreparedtoaccountfortemperaturesandfuelcharacteristicsrepresentativeofeachcountyforeachofthefourseasons(winter,spring,summer,andfall).Temperatureandfuelinputvaluesforeachthree-monthperiod(DecemberFebruary,March-May,June-AugustoandSeptember-November)wereaveragedtoestimateseasonalvalues.Minimum,maximum,andaveragetemperaturespermonthwereobtainedfromtheNationalWeatherServiceforthçNewCastleCountyAirportandtheGeorgetownAirporl.Table4-4presentsasummaryofcountytemperatureandgasolinefuelcharacteristicsdatausedforeachseason.Asulfurcontentof15ppmforoff-roaddieselfuelwasusedfor2011basedonEPArequirements.4-320IIBASEYEAÈSIPEtr¡lsstottslrqv¡¡li'onV-Table4-3.SCCsAddressedbytheNONROADModelNonroadSCGsSCGDescriptions.NonroadSGCsSCCDescriptions226]v¿v¿<xx2260001xxx2260OO2xvx2260003xxx22600O4vs<x2260005xxx2260006xxx226OO07xxx2265xxxxxx2265001xxx2265002xxx2265003xxx2265004xxx226500Sxxx2265006xxx2265007>ax2265008xxx226501xn<x2267xn<xxx2267001v¿t<2267002xn<2267003v¿x2267004>cx2267005v.¡<x2267006tax2267O09xvx2-strokegasolineengines-recreationalvehicles-constructionequiPment-industrialequipment-lawn&gardenequipment-agriculturalequipment-lightcommercialequiPment-loggingequipment4-strokegasolineengines-recreationalvehicles-constructionequiPment-industrialequiPment-lawn&gardenequiPment-agriculturalequipment-lightcommercialequiPment-loggingequipment-airportserviceequipment-oilfieldequipmentLPGengines-recreationalvehicles-constructionequipment-industrialequipment-lawn&gardenequipment-agriculturalequipment-lightcommercialequipment-airportserviceequiPment2268xxxxxx2268002xxx2268003xxx2268005xxx2268006xxx226801xvxx227Dxxxv,xx2270001x¡¡x2270o02vxx2270003vtx2270004xta2270005v¿a.2270006xxx2270007xxx2270008xxx2270009xxx227001yy¿x2282xxyxxx2285xn<415CNGengines-conslructionequiPment-industrialequiPment-agriculturalequiPment-lightcommercialequiPment-oilfieldequiPmentDieselengines-recreationalvehicles-constructionequiPment-industrialequiPment-lawn&gardenequiPment-farmequipment-lightcommercialequiPment-loggingequiPment-airportserviceequiPment-undergroundminingequiPment-oilfieldequiPmentRecreationalmarineequiPmentRailwaymaintenanceequiPmentTable4-4.NONROADModelTemperatureandFuetCharacteristiclnputValuesbySeasonfor2011CountvSeasonOxygenWeiqht%RVPpsiGasolineSulfurDpmDailvAveraqeTemPerature,oFMinimumMaximumAveraqeNewCastleSummer3.66.943.667B677NewCastleAutumn3.679.10546.5550675BNewCastleWinter3.7911.3149.5284336NewCastleSorinq3.679.10546.55466455SussexSummer3.58749.1678776SussexAutumn3.7159.15543.35527061SuèsexWinter3.8511.3137.6304B39SussexSorino3.7159.15543.35476556DAQreseaïchedtheavailabilityofstateandcounty-specificdatatoimproveuponthedefaultequipmentpopulationsandGAFsincorporatedinthemodel.DAQreplacedthedefaultequipmentpopulationofrecreationalmarineequipment\¡/ithDelaware-specificdata.DAQusedrecréationaiboatregistrationdataprovidedbytheDelawareDivisionofFishandWildlifetoestimatethetotalrecreationalmarineequipmentpopulationinusewithinDelawarewaters.DAQdetermiledthistobeapreferableapproachtotheNONROADdefaultapproachofatopdownallocationôfthelìationalequipmentpopulation.However,registrationdatawerenotused4.420tIB.A.SE'YEARSIPErr¡¡ssroNsINVENTORYFoR'VOC;NOx,&cO'.:'toallocaterecreationalmarineactivitytothecountylevelbecauseresidentsmayregistertheirboatsinonecounty,butusetheirboatsinotherpartsoftheStateorneighboringcounties.DAQupdatedGAFsfornumerousequipmentcategories.Table4-5providesalistofGAFsandtheassociatedequipmentpopulationsthatusetheGAFsthatwereupdatedwith2011Delawarespecificdata.Forgolfcafls,DAQreplacedtheGAFsbasedonthenumberofgolfcoursesineachcountywiththecountytotalsquarekilometersofgolfcoursesineachcounty.DAQbelievesthatgolfcartusageismoredirectlyrelatedtothesizeofeachgolfcoursethantothenumberofcoursesthatexistineachcounty.IfanequipmentpopulationisnotidentifiedinTable4-5,thenthemodeldefaultGAFswereusedinthe2011runs.Table4-5.2011Delaware-spec¡f¡cGeographicAllocationFactorsSampleCalculationsqndResultsThestandardNONROADmodelemissionequationisasfollows:Iexh:Errh*A*L*P*Nwhere:I"¡,:Exhaustemissions,(ton/year)Eex¡:Exhaustemissionfactor,(ton/hp-hr)A:Equipmentactivity,(hours/year)L:Loadfactor,(proportionofratedpowerusedonaveragebasis)P:Averageratedpowerformodeledengines,(hp)N:EquipmentpopulationGeographicAllocationFactorDataSourceEquipmentPopulationPopulationDEPopulationConsortiumAircraftNOxemissionsDelaware2008inventorvAiroortoroundsupportConstructionemploymentandbuildinooermitsU.S.CensusBureauConstructionHarvestedcroDacresDEDepartmentofAqricultureAoriculturalForestharvestoermitacresDEDepartmentofAoricultureLoqoinoAreaofoolfcoursesDelawareStateGolfAssociationGolfcartsWholesalebusinessesDEDeoartmentofLaborCommercialSinqleandduplexhousinqU.S.CensusBureauResidentiallawn&qardenLandscaoinobusinessesDEDeoartmentofLaborCommerciallawn&qardenManufacturinqemploveesDEDepartmentofLaborlndustrialClassIRailorosstonmilesClassIOperatorsinDelawareRailmaintenanceRurallandareaU.S.CensusBureauLand-basedrecreationalSnowfallWeatherWarehousewebsiteSnowblowersandsnowmobiles4-5BASEY.EARSIPETT,TISSIOI.ISINVENTONYNCIRVOCTabte4-6.2011NewCastleCountyEmissionsforNONROADEquipmentTable4-7.2O1lSussexCountyEmissionsforNONROADEquipmentAnnual(TPY)SSWDfiPD)FuelTvpeEquipmentCategoryvocNOrcovocNOrcoGasolineAllEquipment2,36846315.1517.871.6954.42DieselAllEouipment1091,1575870.364.222.11LPGAllEquipment301107390.100.402.65CNGAllEquipment<1854<0.010.030.19AllFuelsTotal2,5071,73816,5318.346.3459.38AircraftTheaircraftsourcecategoryincludesemissionsfromcommercial,aittaxi,generalaviation,andrnilitaryaircraft.Thesesub-categoriesaredescribedasfollows:.Commercialairqaftareusedforscheduledservicetransportingpassengers,freight,orboth;Airtaxisareusedforscheduledservicecarryingpassengersandlotfreight,butaresmalleraircraftthatoperateonamorelirnitedbasisthanthecomrnercialcarriers;Generalaviationinóludesothernon-militaryaircraflusedforrecreationalflying,business,personaltransportation,andvariousotheractivities;andMilitaryaircraftareusedbytheU.S.militaryinawiderangeofmissions.Airport-specificemissionsforallaircraftsub-categorieswereallocatedtothecountyinwhicheacÎrairpãttislocated.Wheretherearemultipleairporlsinagivencounty,theernissiÓnswere,u**.dtoprovideacounty-levelemissionsestimate.AircraftemissionsarerepoftedundelthefollowirrgSCCs:AnnualfiPY)sswD(TPD)FuelTvpeEouiomentCateqorvvocNO*covocNO*coGasolineAllEquipment1.72634818,3116.181.2370.94DieselAllEouipment1301,2786920.464.522.68LPGAllEquipment321227780.120.433.01CNGAllEouioment<11267<0.010.040.26AllFuelsTotal1.8881,76019.8496.766.2376.904-6BASEYEARSIPEMISSIONSINVENTORYFORVTable4-8.SCCsforAircraftsccDescriptorIDescriptor3Descriptor6Descriotor82275001000MobileSourcesAircraftMilitarvAircraftTotal2275020000MobileSourcesAircraftCommercialAircraftTotal:AllTypes2275050000MobileSourcesAircraftGeneralAviationTotal2275060000MobileSourcesAircraftAirTaxiTotalDAQestimatedannualaircraftemissionsusingacombinationofairport-specificactivitYdutlandFederalAviationAdministration(FAA)ÆPAemissionfactors.Estimatingaircraftemissionsfocusesonthe"mixingzone,"whichhasaheight(mixingheight)equaltothethicknessoftheinversionlayer.Airemissionswithinthiszonearetrappedbytheinversionlayerandultimatelyaffectground-levelpollutantconcentrations.Whenaircraftareabovethemixingzone,emissionstendtodisperseandhavenoground-levelefftcts.Theaircrafloperationswithinthemixingzorrearedefinedbythelandingandtake-off(LTO)cycle.EachLTOcycleconsistsoffivespecificoperatingmodes:.Approach-aircraftoperatesinthismodewhenitapproachestheaitportonitsdescentfromthemixingheighttowhenitlandsontherunway..Taxi/idle-in-aircr:aftoperatesinthismodewhenittaxisfromtherunwaytothegateandturnsitsenginesoff..Taxi/idle-out-thisperiodoccursfromenginestart-uptotake-offastheaircrafltaxisfromthegatebackouttotherunway..Take-off-thismodeischaracterizedprimarilybyfull-throttleoperationthattypicallylastsuntiltheaircraftreachesbetween500and1000feetaboveground,whichiswhenenginepowerisreduced..Climb-out-thismodebeginsrightafterthetake-offmodeandlastsuntiltheaircraftpassesoutofthemixingheight.Theoperationtimeineachofthesemodesisdependentontheaircraftcategory,localmeteorologicalconditions,andoperationalconsiderationsatagivenairport.Thetime-in-mode(TIM)forthetake-offoperatingmodeistheleastvariable.Thefollowingarethegeneralstepstobeusedtoestimateaircraflemissions:DeterminethemixingheighttobeusedtodefinetheLTOcycle;Definethefleetmake-upforeachairpoft;DetermineairportactivityintermsofthenumberofLTOsbyaircrafl/enginetype;Selectemissionfactorsforeachenginemodelassociatedwiththeaircraftfleet;EstimatetheTIMfortheaircraft.fleetateachairport;CalculateemissionsbasedonaircraftLTOs,emissionfactorsforeachaircraftenginemodel,andestimatedaircraftTIM;andAggregatetheemissionsacrossaircraft.Ooaaoa4-7BASEYEARSIPE,MISSIONSTNVL]NIORYFORV,201tLTOdatawereobtainedfromallairportsinNewCastleCountyandSussexCounty.DataonspecificaircraflandenginetypeswèreobtainedonlyfromtheNewCastleCountyairport.Tabte4-9providestheLiOaatãUythefouraircrafttypesforairpoltsinNewCastleCountyandSussexCounty.Table4-9.2011LTODataforNewCastleandSussexCountiesAirportGountvGategoryLTOsNewCastleCountyNewCastleMilitarv6,180NewCastleCountvNewCastleCommercial39NewCastleCountyNewCastleAirTaxi3,463NewCastleCountvNewCastleGeneralAviation47,305SummitNewCastleGeneralAviation42,200SussexCountvSussexGeneralAviation34.000LaurelSussexGeneralAviation9,100DAQusedtheseairport-specificLTOdatatoestimatecommercialandmilitaryairctafl.emissionsusingFAA\EmissionsandDispersionModelingSystem(EDMS),Version5.1.4.LThemodelrequiresdetailedinputsonaircraftoperationbyairuaftandenginetype.DAQmatchedtheaircraftLTOdatatotheexistingaircraff/enginetypesinEDMS,andusedthedefaultEDMSTIMdata.Amixingheightof2,300feetwasusedforbothairportsinNewCastleCountybasedonanisoplethchartãfannualaveragemomingmixingheightsforthecontinentalU.S.ásprovidedinEÞA'sProceduresManual.TheDelawareArmyNationalGuard(DEARNG)ãndtheDelawareAirNationalGuard(DEANG)operateunitsattheNewCastleCountyAirportandcontributetothemilitaryLTOsatthatairport.EDMSgeneratesemissionsforVOCs,NO*andCOintonsperyear.Themodelalsogeneratesemissionsforgroundsupportequipment(GSE).However,DAQusedtheGSEestimatesgeneratedfromtheNONROADmodel,sotheseweresubtractedfromtheEDMSresults.EPAleetaverageemissionfactorswereappliedtotheLTOdatatoestimateannualgeneralaviationandairtaxiemissions.SantpleCalculøtìonsøndResultsCommerciølandMilitaryAircraftTheequationbelowisthecalculationoftaxiandqueuemodetimethatisanairporl-specificinputinEDMS.raxiandQueue'"ou''*.';,:#;t:,i:i;;.;f:"#ï:åi;#";iîi;:Averageraxi-outrime)ThefollowingistheequationusedinEDMStocalculateannualemissionsbyaircrafttypeforoneLTOcycle:Etj:DKnMù*@Fjk/1000)*(EIuù*WEil4-82OIIBASEYEAn.SIPEMISSIoNSIN\¡ENI"ORYFORVOC,NO',&9!_-.,--,.--.....,,where:Eù:Totalemissionofpollutanti,inpounds,producedbyaircrafttypejforoneLTOcycle.Tllr4;r:Timeinmodeformode,t,inminutes,foraircrafttypejFF¡r:FuelflowformodeÆ,inpoundsperminute,foreachengineusedontheaircraftrypejEI¡r:Bmisiionindexforpollutanti,inpoundsofpollutantperonethousandpoundsoffuel,inmode&foraircrafttypeiNE;:NumberofenginesusedonaircrafttypeTFinally,annualemissionsperairporlarecalculatedwiththefollowingequation:AnnualEmissionsforAirportA(tons/yr):Ð[(Eu*LTOIJ/2000lbs/tonwhere:Eij:annualemissionsinpoundsofpollutanti,producedbyaircrafttypejperLTOcycle.LTOs¡:annualnumberofLTOsforaircrafttypejAirTaxiandGeneralAviationAircraftThefollowingequationistheestimateofairtaxiandgeneralaviationaircraftemissionsusingtTOdataandfleetaverageemissionfactors.E¡=LTOsxEF,x/rOOOwhere:E¡:annualemissionsintonsofpollutantiLTOs:annualnumberofLTOsEF,:defaultaviationfleetmixemissionfactorinpoundsofpollutantforpollutantITable4-10.2011AnnualEmissionsbyCountyforAircraftsccAircraftCateoorvCountvAnnualffPY)SSWDffPDIvocNOrcoVOGNOxco2275001000MilitarvNewCastle1252440.030.120.102275020000CommercialNewCastle<1<1<1<0.01<0.01<0.012275050000GeneralAviationNewCastle1735380.050.011.622275060000AirTaxiNewCastle2<1490.01<0.010.14227S0xxxxxTotal:AircraftNewCastle3l566300.090.131.862275050000GeneralAviationSussexB12590.02<0.010.784-9EASEYEARSIPEMISSIONSINVENTOììYFORVLocomotivcsRailroadlocomotivesareacombustionsourceofemissionswithmostsignificantemissionsoccurringwherethereisaconcentrationofrailroadactivity(suchasalargeswitchyard).Theprimary?uelconsumedbyrailroadlocomotivesisdistillateoil(dieselfuel).Locomotivescanperm.mtwodifferenttypésofoperations:linehaulandyard(orswitch).Linehaullocomotivesþenerallytravelbetweendistanflocations,suchasfromonecitytoanother.Yardlocomotivesãreprimarilyresponsibleformovingrailcarswithinaparticularrailwayyard.LocomotiveemissionsarerepoftedundertheSCCsprovidedinTable4-11'Forlinehaullocomotives,DAQcalculatedClassIoperationemissionsseparatelyfromClassII¡IIIoperations.LinehaullocomotiveemissionsforpassengertrainsandcommuterlineswereestimaiedtobezerosincerailserviceinDelaware(AmtrakandSEPTA)iselectricpowered.Fuelconsumptionwasusedtoestimatelocomotiveengineemissions.Fuelconsumptionratesareusuallyknownonlyfortheentireinterstateoperatingregion,therefore,itisnecessarytoallocatethetotalamountoffuelconsumed"system-wide"toDelawareanditscounties.Table4-11.SCCsforLocomotivessccDescriptorIDescriptor3Descriptor6DescriptorI2285002006MobileSourcesRailroadEquipmentDieselLineHaulLocomotives:ClassIOperations2285002007MobileSourcesRailroadEquipmentDieselLineHaulLocomotives:Classll/ClasslllOperations2285002010MobileSourcesRailroadEquipmentDieselYardLocomotivesLineHaulLocomotíves-ClassIOperøtíonsCSXTransportationoperatesClassIlocomotiveswithinNewCastleCounty,whileNorfolkSouthernoperatesthroùghouttheStateofDelaware.DAQcontactedthesecompaniestoobtainestimatesolfu"lconsumptionordatatocalculatefuelconsumption(e.g.,grosston-miles(GTM)andgallonsoffuelconsumedperGTM).NorfolkSouthemprovidedGTMdataatthestatelevel.Toobtainemissionsatthecountylevel,DAeusedthesamecountyallocationsasw¿rsusedinthe2008inventory.NorfolkSouthernprouid.dafuelconsumptionindex(GT\zffuelconsumed)forthesystemthatincludesoperationsinbelaware.CSXprovi¿ó¿cfuandfuelconsumptiondataforNewCastleCounty,theonlycountyinwhichCSXoperatesinDelawareLineHøulLocomotìves-ClassIIIIIOperatíonsTlreMaryland&.DelawareRailroadoperatesinNewCastleCountyandSussexCounty'TheDelawareCoastLineRailroadoperateJonlyinSussexCounty.Bothcompaniesprovided2011statcwidefuelconsumptiondatá.FortheMaryland&D-oJawareRailroad,trackmileswithineachcountywereusedtoallocatestatewidefuelconsumptiontoeachcounty.4-r0BASEYEAITSIPEMISSIONSINVENTORYFORVThesystem-widefuelconsumptionindices,counff-specificGTM,andcalculatedcounty-levelfuelconsumptionforbothClassIandClassIVIIIline-hauloperationsareprovidedinTable4-I2.Table4-12.2011LocomotiveFuelConsumpt¡onDatabyCountyforClassILineHaulOperationsRailroadComoanvClassCountvGrossTonMiles(GMT)System-wideGTM/GallonDieselFuelGonsumed,oallons/vearNorfolkSouthernINewCastle216.496,6341.083.52199.808NorfolkSouthernSussex126.647.3791,083.52116.885CSXTransportationNewCastle688,000,000903.75761,275Marvland&DelawareIt/tilNewCastle2,380Maryland&Delawareil/iltSussex3,331DelawareCoastLineIt/ilISussex9,000YardLocomotivesTable4-13providesasummaryofswitchyardoperationsandfuelconsumptionbyrailcompanyandcounty.CSXandMaryland&,DelawareprovidedDelaware-specificfuelconsumptionfor2008,whichwasassumedtoremainthesamefor201I.Anaverageswitchyardenginefuelconsumptionestimateof32,447gallonsperyearwasappliedbasedonarecentregionalstudycoordinatedthroughtheEastemRegionalTechnicalAdvisoryCommittee.Tabfe4-13.2011SwitchyardActivityandEstimatedFuelConsumpt¡onClasslSwitchvardCountvNo.ofYardLocomotivesFuelConsumed,oallons/vearNorfolkSouthernNewCastle13421,813CSXTransportationNewCastle3180,000Marvland&DelawareNewCastle19,640Marvland&DelawareSussex219,281SanqtleCølculatíonsandResultsLineIfaulLocomotivTodeterminetheamountofpollutantpatthecountylevel:Er,=FCxEFo"'%.ooowhere:E,:amountofpollutantpemittedforthecountyinpoundsFC:fuelconsumptionforthecountyingallonsEFo:emissionfactorforpollutantpinpoundspergallon4-tliYEARSIPEIT'TISSTONSINVENTOIIYFORVYardLocomotiveTodeterrninetheamountofpollutantpatthecounty-level:EP:Yd*FCY¿*EFPwhere:Eo:amountofpollutantpemittedforthecountyinpoundsYd=numberofyardlocomotivesinthecountyFCv¿:fuelconsumptionperyardlocomotiveingallonsperyearEFo:emissionfactorforpollutantpinpoundspergallonTabte4-14.2011Locomot¡vesEmissionsbyCountyCommercialMarineVesselsTheCMVsectorincludesmanytypesofvessels,suchaslargedeep-draftvessels,bargetowboats,harbortugs,dredgingvessels,ferries,excursionvessels,andcommercialfishingvessels.Inadditiontothenumerousvesseltypes,eachvesseltypeengagesindifferentactivitiessuchashoteling,maneuveringwithintheport,andcruising.Inits1999finalruleforcommercialmarinedieselengines,EPAdefinedthreecategoriesofmarinedieselenginesbasedonenginedisplacement,powerandrevolutionsperminute(rpm).Table4-15presentsthedefinitionsforeachcategory.Table4-15.U.S.EPAMarineEnginecategoryDefinitionsCateqorvDisplacementpercvlinderPowerrangefkw)RPMranqe1disp.<5litersandPower>37kW37-2.3001.800-3,00025<displacement<30liters1,500-8,000750-1.5003disolacement>30liters2,500-80,00060-900sccCateqoryDescriptionGountyAnnualfiPY)SSWD(TPD)vocNOxcovocNO"co228500200ôClassILineHaulNewGastleo109300.020.300.082285002007Classll/lllLineHaulNewCastle<11<1<0.01<0.01<0.012285002010YardLocomotivesNewCastle10123190.030.340.052285002OxxTotal:NewCastle19233480.050.640.132285002006ClassILineHaulSussex1134<0.010.040.012285002007Classll/lllLineHaulSussex<14<1<0.010.01<0.012285002010YardLocomotivesSussex<141<0.010.01<0.0122850020xxTotal:Sussex2215<0.010.060.0r4-t220Il.BASE.YEARSIPEMISSIONSINVENTORYFORVOCTheEPAclassifiesCMVemissionsbyfueltype(residualanddiesel)andbymodeofoperationþortandunderway).CMVsoftenburnmultipletypesoffuelandmayburndifferentfuelsfordifferentoperatingmodesorlocations(i.e.,nearporls).DAQusedtheportandunderwaySCCstocharacterizetheCMVemissionsaslistedinTable4-16.TheSCCclassificationisbasedonthemostcommontypeoffuelutilizedbythevesselcategory.Ocean-goingvessels(OGV)predominatelybumintermediatefueloil(IFO).DAQplacedemissionsfromOGVsburningIFOintheresidualfuelSCC.ThisisconsistentwithhowpetroleumproductsalesdataarereportedbytheEnergyInformationAdministrationandEPA'sclassificationoffuels.Table4-16.SCCsforCommerc¡alMarineVesselssccDescriotorIDescriotor3Descriotor6DescriptorI2280002100MobileSourcesMarineVessels,CommercialDieselPortemissions2280002200MobileSourcesMarineVessels,CommercialDieselUnderwavemissions2280003100MobileSourcesMarineVessels,CommercialResidualPortemissions2280003200MobileSourcesMarineVessels,CommercialResidualUnderwavemissionsTherearefouractivitymodesforCMV;cruise,reducedspeedzone(RSZ),maneuver,andhotel.UnderwayemissionsareestimatedasthecombinedactivityofcruiseandRSZmodes.Portemissionsareestimatedasthecombinedactivityofmaneuveringandhotelingmodes.Emissionsfromferriesanddredgingareconsideredportemissionssincethesevesselsoperateprimarilywithintheportarea.DAQcalculatedemissionsforocean-goingvessels,towboats,tug-assistvessels,ferriesandvesselsassociatedwithdredgingoperations.CMVengineemissionsareassumedtobeafunctionofthefollowing:.Modeofoperation,.Vesseltype(bulkcarrier,tanker,towboat,etc.);.Vesseldeadweighttonnage(DWT);oTypeofengine(2-stroke,4-stroke,orsteam);andoLenglhofwaterwaysegment.Therefore,DAQaccountedforthesevariationswhenestimatingCMVactivity.Thefourmodesofoperationthatareperformedbyvesselsaredefinedbelow:Cruise-Thismodeisassumedtobegin25milesoutfromtheportbreakwateruntilthevesselreachesthebreakwater.ThebreakwaterislocatedatthemouthoftheDelawareBay.CruisemodeisonlyapplicabletoSussexCounty.ReducedSpeedZone(RSZ)-Thismodebeginsatthebreakwaterandcontinuesuntilthevesselisonetotwonauticalmilesfromtheberthoranchorage.Thevesselisassumedtohaveaspeedoftwelveknotsduringthismode.Thismodeisalsorefenedtoastransit,andescortfortowboatsandtttg-assistvessels.4-r3VÊARSIPE¡¿ISSIOT.¡SII.IVPNTONY,FOBYManeuvering.Thismodeisdefinedasthetimethevesselslowstobelowfourknotsuntilthedocklinesanesecure.Thismodeisalsoreferredtoasassistmodefortug-assistvessels.Hoteling-Thismodeisdefinedasthetimethevesselisatdock.Duringthismode,thevesseloperatesauxiliaryenginesforelectricalpower.ThewaterwaysegmentdistancesusedtoestimateactivityandtoallocatetheactivitytoeachcountywereãstimatedfromtheGoogleEarthwebsitein2008bytracingtheshippingchannel.SegmLntdistancesareshowninTable4-I7.ThedistanceSouthisgiventothebreakwateratthemouthoftheDelawareBay.ThedistancenoÍhisgiventotheDelaware-Pennsylvaniaborder.ThedistancefortheC&DCanalEastisgivenfromtheDelaware-MarylandbordertotheentranceoftheDelawareRiver(ReedyPoint).Theengineactivityforeachmodeiscalculatedusingthefollowingequation:Aclivtly.o¿u=PowerxLoadFactorxTime*o¿uxCallswhere:Activityn,,o¿.PowerLoadFactor;.IrmeCallsactivitybymode(kilowatt-hours)ratedenginepowerbyvesselandenginetype(kilowatts)loadfactoroftheenginebyvesseltypeandmodetimeinmodepercallbyvesseltype(hours)numberofcallsbyvesselandenginetypeTable4-17.WaterwaySegmentDistancesfortheDelawareRiverAreaWaterwavSeqmentDistancelmi.)PointSouthDE/PABorder83.BOceanport83.3PortofWilminqton76.1MaqellanTerminal75.6DelawareCitvRefinerv66.0C&DGanal62.6Latitude39"30'57.7NewCastleCo/KentCo48.5KentCo/SussexCo15.9PointNorthPortofWilminqton7.7C&DCanal21.2PointEastC&DCanal13.0Thiscalculationmustbeperformedforbothpropulsionandauxiliaryenginesandforeachmode.Bothpropulsionengilésandauxiliaryenginesareoperatingduringcruise,RSZand,rrun".ru"ringmodes.Onlyauxiliaryenginesoperateduringhoteling.Oncetheactivityiscalculated,itisallocatedtothecountylevelusingcountyallocationfactors'4-142011BASEYEARSIPEMISSIoNSINVEN1ÐRYI.onVoCi'No",&Co.ThisapproachtocalculatingactivityofCMVswasusedforallvesseltypesexceptvesselsinvolvedindredgingactivity.Fordredging,theactivitydatausedfbremissionscalculationswasthevolumeofmaterialdredged.Detailsonthesourcesanddevelopmentofactivitydataareprovidedinthefollowingsubsections.Oceatt-GoingVesselsDAQobtainedvesselcalldataforocean-goingvessets(OGVs)duringcalendaryeat20IlfromtheMarineExchangefortheDelawareRiverandBay.DatawereobtainedforvesselsthatcalledonpoftsinDelaware,NewJerseyandPennsylvania.ThedatafortheentirepottareaisrequiredsincethemajorityofvesselspassthroughDelawarewatersenroutetootherporls.thevesselcalldataincludedthevesselnanne,shiptype,DWT,pier,andthedateofthecall.TheshiptypescallingontheDelawareRiverAreaportsin2}llareshowninTable4-18.VesselsmayshiftbetweenpiersduringthesamecallontheDelawareRiverarea.DAQadjustedthevesselcalldatatoremoveshiftsbetweenpiers,wherepossible,toavoiddoublecountingusingamethodologyrecommendedbythestaffoftheMarineExchange.Dataontheenginepowerandenginetype(2-stroke,4-stroke,andsteam)usedonOGVswerenotavailablethroughtheMarineExchange.Therefore,DAQassignedenginepowerandenginetypebasedonaverageenginedataobtainedfromothersources.Forpropulsionengines,theaverageenginepowerandtheenginetypewereobtainedfromtheEPAreportCommercialMsrineActivityforDeepSeaPortsintheUnitedStates(DeepSeaPorts).ThisreportpresentsdataforvesselsthatcalledontheDelawareRiverareaportsduringcalendaryear1996.NotethattheDelawareRiverareaincludesportsinDelaware,NewJerseyandPennsylvania,whicharelocatedontheDelawareRiver.ThenumberofcallsbyvesselandenginetypeispresentedforspecificDWTranges.Theaverageenginepowerisalsogiven.Table4-18.VesselTypesGallingonDelawareR¡verAreaPortsin2011GodesMainVesselTvpeAdditionalVesselTypeslncludedWMainTypeBUBulkBulkCargo(BG),Chemical(CH),Bulk(HR)CCContainerContainer/Bulk(CB),PartContainer(PC)GCGeneralCarqoMSMiscellaneousLivestock(LV),TallShip(TS)PRPassengerRFRefriqeratedCarqo(Reefer)ContainerReefer(CR)RRRollon-Rolloff(RORO)ROROContainer(RC)TATankerTanker(AS),BulkOil(BO),ChemicalOilTanker(CO)GasCarrier(PGandNG)VEVehícleCarrierInordertocalculateunderwayemissions,thenumberofcalls(byvesseltypeandDWTrange)hadtobeallocatedtoeachport.TheporlsinDelawareincfudethePortofWilmington,MagellanTerminal,DelawareCityRefînery,andOceanport.OneportinNewJersey,Bennuda4-15BiAsEYEARSIPEMISSIO}SINVENTORYFORVInternationalonSalemCreek,islocatedadjacenttoDelaware.AllotherportsinNewJerseyandallportsinPennsylvaniaarelocatednorthoftheDelaware/Pennsylvaniastateline.VesselscaltringonNewJerseyandPennsylvaniaportsmustbeincludedinunderwayemissioncalculiationsforDelawaresincethevesselstravelthroughtheDelawareportionofthebayandriver.Table4-19presentstheassignedpropulsionenginepowerandthenumberofcallsbyvesseltype,DWTiung"andenginetypeforcallsontheDelawareRiverareain2011.InadditiontovesselstravelingintheDelawareRiverBayandRiver,256OGVstraversedtheC&DCanaltoorfromtheChesapeakeBay.Table4-19.AveragePropulsionEnginePowerandthe2011NumberofCallsforOGVsCallingontheDelawareRiverArea(DE,NJandPA)CodeDWTRanqeEngineTvoePowerlhplCallsCodeDWTRanqeEngineTvoePowerlhp)CallsBU<25.0002-stroke9.66549RR<15.0002-stroke8.2807BU<250004-stroke7.504BRR<15.0004-stroke8.5537BU25.000-35,0002-stroke9,69664RR15.000-30.0002-stroke12.85241BU35.000-45.0002-stroke10.32037RR>30,0002-stroke26,5622BU>45.0002-stroke16.32899TA<30.0002-stroke10,00840CC<25,0002-stroke17.757159TA<30,0004-stroke7.O7710cc<25.0004-stroke10,89884TA<30,000Steam14.6464cc25.000-35.0002-stroke16,327185TA30.000-60.0002-stroke12.61674cc35.000-45,0002-stroke34.46775TA30.000-60,0004-stroke15.3605cc>45,0002-stroke30,856160TA30,000-60,000Steam15.49851GC<15.0002-stroke5.7846TA60.000-90.0002-stroke16.02665GC<15,0004-stroke3.9447TA60.000-90.0004-stroke14,30510GC15.000-30.0002-stroke10.4563TA90.000-120,0002-stroke15.451172GC15.000-30.0004-stroke7.5361TAe0.000-120.000Steam23.9234MS<10,0002-stroke3.50016TA120.000-150,0002-stroke23,04639MS<10,0004-stroke11,6718TA>150,0002-stroke25,559133PR<5.0004-strokeI6.1080TA>150.000Steam36.32441RF5.000-10.0002-stroke9.706118VE<12.5002-stroke11.877rJRF5.000-10.0004-stroke6,83720VE<12,5004-stroke13.1501RF10.000-15.0002-stroke12.500190VE12.500-15.0002-stroke12,85911RF10,000-15,0004-stroke15.6724VE12.500-15,0004-stroke14.7702RF>15.0002-stroke18,467oVE15,000-17,5002-stroke13.91130VE>17.5002-stroke15.224117TowboatsandTugAssrslsTowboatsareusedtotransporlnon-self-propelledvessels,eitherdrycargoortankerbarges,throughouttheDelawur"Riu",area,includingtheC&DCanal.DAQobtaineddataonthenumberoftowboattripsduringcalendaryear2011frornWaterborneCommerceoftheUnitedStates.DAQsubtracteàthenumberoftowboattripsforthePortofWilmington(POW)andtheC&DCanalfromthenumberoftripsontheDelawareRiver(PAtotheSea).Fortowboats4-1,62011BASEYËARSIPEvtssloNstrNvsNroRYFoRVOC;NQ1travelingtoandfromthePOWandtravelingthroughtheC&DCanal,DAQassumedthathalfthevesselstravelnorthandtheotherhalftravelsouthtolfromthePOWandthecanal.In2011,4,492towboattripstransitedDelawarewatersontheDelawareRiver,withatripdefinedasâ.one:wa/passage.640towboattripsenteredorexitedthePortofWilmington,and2,332towboattripstransitedtheC&DCanal.Tugs.assistOGVsfromtheshippingchanneltoitsintendedberthandthenbacktothechannelwhenthevesselleavesport.ThisactivityisconsideredthemaneuveringmodeforOGVs.TwotugsaretypicallyrequiredtoassistanOGVwithaDWTgreaterthan20,000tons;forsmallerOGVs,onetugsuffices.Thenumberoftugassists(2,370in2011)isdirectlyrelatedtothenumberofOGVscallingtoaDelawarepoft.NotethatatugassistingavesseltoBermudaInternationalinNewJerseyandthepiersattheoilrefineriesinMarcusHook,PAwillrequireatugtopickuptheOGVinDelawarewaters,thustugassistsareincludedforthesedocks.Thetugmeetingtimetothedockingtimeisusuallywithinonehour.InadditiontoassistingOGVstornaneuverintoport,tugboatsescortgascarriersthroughtheDelawareBayandRiver.Othervesselstypicallydonotutilizeanescort.TugescorttripsareincludedinthenumberoftowboattripstransitingDelawarewaterspresentedabove.DAQdidnotestimateemissionsfromhotelingoftowboatsandtugsduetolackofactivitydata.Vesselspeeds,averagemaneuveringandhotelingtime,propulsionandauxiliaryenginehorsepowerratings,andengineloadfactorsforOGVs,towboats,andtugswereobtainedfromEPA'sDeepSeaPortsandPreparingPortEmissionInventories.ForRSZmode,time-in-modeforeachvesselwascalculatedbasedonvesselspeedsandwaterwaysegmentdistancesprovidedinTable4-17.DredgìngMaintenancedredgingisperformedroutinelyontheDelawareRivertokeepthechannelstotheirrequireddepths.Dredginginvolvesmultiplevessels,includingdredges,assisttugs,andgeneratorbargesthatprovideadditionalpower.Estimatingemissionsfromdredgingvesselengineactivityistime-consuming.Therefore,DAQdevelopedemissionsbasedonthevolumeofmaterialdredgedduringcalendaryear20Ilratherthanengineactivityinkilowatt-hours.DAQobtainedthedredgingactivitydatafromboththeUSACEandfromwithinDNREC.ThearnountofmaterialdredgedbyUSACEcontractorswasobtainedfromtheUSACEreportondredgingcontractsawardedfortheyear201I.DAQalsocontactedtheDelawareDivisionofSoilandÏV'aterConservationtoobtaintheamountofmaterialdredgedbytheDivision.Table4-20presentstheestimatedamountofmaterialdredgedandthetypeofdledgeused.DAQassumedallthedredgingactivityismaintenancedredging.Newcutdredgingresultsinhigheremissions,thereforethisassumptionmayresultinloweremissionestimatesthanateactuallyoccurringinthearea.4-17201IBASEYEAN;SIPEMISSIONSI¡¡VBNT.ONYFORVTable4-20.MaterialDredgedinDelawareWatersduring2011ProiectLocationCountvTvoeofEquipmentTotalMaterialDredqed(cubicvards)PhiladelphiatotheSeaNewCastleHvdraulicDredqe549,523PortofWilminqtonNewCastleHvdraulicDredqe440,525PremcorBerthMaintenanceNewCastleHvdraulicDredqe230,000PhiladelphiatotheSeaSussexHvdraulicDredqe142,303Beachfill-RooseveltlnletSussexHvdraulicDredqe111,000CoastalShorelineProtectionSussexHopper848,000Lewes&RehobothCanalSussexHvdraulicDredqe32,000FerríesTheCapeMay-LewesFerrywasidentifiedastheonlyferryserviceinSussexCounty.MonthlytripcoùtdatáfortheCapeMay-LewesFenywasobtainedbycontactingtheDelawareRiver&BáyAuthority.TheCápeMay-LewesFerrymade4,784one-waytripsin20ll.Timesformaneuveringandidlingatdockwereestimatedbasedoncruisetimeandroundtripschedules.Forsummeiweekdayáctivity,DAQobtainedtheaveragenumberofweekdaytripsduringthemonthsofJune,JulyandAugustfromferryschedules.TheThreeFortsFerrywasidentifiedastheonlyferryserviceinNewCastleCounty.ThisferrytravelsfromeitherDelawareCity,DEorFortMott,NJtoFortDelawarelocatedonPeaPatchIslandintheDelawareRiver.MonthlytripcountdatafortheferrywasobtainedbycontactingtheDelawareRiver&,BayAuthority.TheThreeFortsFerrymade2,855one-waytripsin201I.TheDelawareRiverand-BayAuthorityalsoprovidedtheengineandtime-in-modedatafortheThreeFortsFeny.SpatìølAllocatíonDAedevelopedcountyallocationfactorsforCMVactivitydatabasedonthelocationoftheactivìtyonthevariouswaterwaysandlengthofthewaterwaysegment.Indevelopingcountyallocaiionfactors,DAeassumedthatfromlatitude39o30'to25milesbeyondthemouthoftheDelawareBay,theactivityissplitevenlybetweenDelawareandNewJerseysincetheshipchannelroughly,o.r"rporrästoiheboundárybetweenthetwostates.Abovelatitude39030',allernissionsareallocat.átoDelawuresincetheentirebreadthoftheriverisunderDelaware'sjurisdiction.Allocationsweredevelopedforeachactivitymode,sincetheactivitytakesplaceindifferentareasdependingonthemode.ForOGVmaneuveringandhotelingmodes,theactivityisallocatedtothecountyinwhichtheportislocated.AlllargeDelawareportsarelocatedinNewCastleCounty.MuchofthemaleuveringandhotetingactivitythustakesplacetoNewCastleCounty.OGVswillalsohotelatoneoftheseveralanchãragesalongtheshippingchannel.EmissionsareestimatedforhotelingthattakesplaceatDelaware'sanchorages.4-18Bes¡YEARSIP-Ex¿IssIoNSINVENTORYFORVFortheRSZmode,countyallocationfäctorsweredevelopedforthefourporlsinDelaware(PortofWilmington,MagellanTerminal,Oceanport,andDelawareCityRefinery),BermudaInternationalinNewJersey,andfromthePennsylvania-Delawarebordertothebreakwater(PAIDEtotheSea).Allocatingdredgingtoeachcountywasbasedontherivermilesineachcounty,andsplitbetweenDelawareandNewJerseybelowlatitude39o30'.WhiletheThreeFortsFerrytravelstoFortMottontheNewJerseysideoftheDelawareRiver,atthatlatitude,Delaware'sjurisdictionalwatersextendthebreadthoftheriver.Therefore,allactivityfortheThreeForlsFerrywasallocatedtoNewCastleCounty.Table4-21.20llCommerc¡alMarineVesselEmissionsbyCountysccCateqoryDescriptionGountyAnnual(TPYISSWDÍTPDIvocNoxcovocNOxco2280002100Port-DieselNewCastle3122140.010.330.042280002200Underwav-DieselNewCastle12461620.031.270.172280003100Port-ResidualFuelOilNewCastle6172160.020.470.042280003200Underwav-RFONewCastle30773700.082.120.192280O0xxxxTotal:NewCastle5t1.5281610.144.190.442280002100Port-DieselSussex2635<0.010.170.012280002200Underwav-DieselSussexB389410.031.170.122280003100Port-ResidualFuelOilSussex4129120.010.350.032280003200Unden¡vav-RFOSussex27705640.071.930.17228000xxxxTotal:Sussex411,2851220.113.620.334-t92O1IBASEYEÀR.SIPIONSINVI]NTORYFORVOCSrcuoN5ON-RonoMonrr-nSouncnsThe2011on-roadmobilesourceinventoryisanestimateofvehicleemissionsbasedonactualvehiclemilestraveled(VMT)onDelawareroadwaysin2011usingEPA'sMotorVehicleEmissionSimulator(MOVES)model.Vehiclesincludepassengercars,light-dutytrucks,includingsportutility'vehicles,heavy-dutytrucks,buses,andmotorcycles.DAQisutilizingEPA'sNationalEmissionsInventory(NEI),version1,runoftheMOVESmodel.Duetoresourcecolstraints,DAQhasyettocompletefinalMOVESrunsfor201I.However,DAQhasextensivelydevelopedDelaware-specificmodelinputsandhassubmittedtheseinputfilestoEPAaspartoftheAirEmissionsReportingRule(AERR)requirements.Theseinputswillbesummarizedinthissection.TheapplicableStandardClassificationCodes(SCCs)comprisingvehicletype,roadwayclass,andemissionprocess(exhaust,evaporative,brakewear,andtirewear)areshowninTable5-1.Asanexample,theSCCapplicabletoexhaustemissionsfromapassengercarfueledbygasolineonanurbaninterstatewouldbe220100123X,withthe"2201001"indicatingthatthevehicleisalight-dutygasolinevehicle,the"23"indicatingtheactivityisoccurringonanurbaninterstate,andthe"X"indicatingthattheemissionsareexhaustemissions.Table5-1.SCCslncludedinOn-roadMobilelnventorysccDiqitsApplicablePortionofSGCCodePortionthatSGGDescribesDescription1-72201001VehicletvpeLiqht-dutvqasolinevehicles(passengerqq¡q)1-72201020Vehicletvoet-ignt-dutygasolinetrucks1(0-6,000lbgrossvehicleweiohtratinoÍGVWRI)1-72201040VehicletvoeLioht-dutvqasolinetrucks2(6,001-8,500lbGVWR)1-72201070VehicletvoeHeavv-dutvqasolinevehicles(>8,500lbGVWR)1-72201080VehicletvpeMotorcvcles(qasoline)1-72230001VehicletvpeLiqht-dutvdieselvehicles(passengercars)1-72230060VehicletvpeLioht-dutvdieseltrucks(0-8,500lbGVWR)1-72230071VehicletvoeClasa2bheavy-dutydieselvehicles(8,501-10,000lbGVWR)._1-72230072VehicletvpeClass3,4,and5heavy-dutydieselvenlcles(1u'uu119,500lbGVWR)1-72230073VehicletvpeClass6and7heavy-dutydieselvehicles(19,501-33,000lbGVWR)1-72230074VehicletvpeClassBheavv-dutvdieselvehicles(>33,000lbQ\/VBL1-72230075VehicletvpeDieselbusesB-91'1'RoadwavtvpeRurainterstates8-913RoadwavtvpeRuraotherprincipalarterials8-915RoadwavtvpeRuraminorarterialsB-917RoadwavtvpeRuramaiorcollectors8-919RoadwavtvpeRuraminorcollectorsContinuedne)dpage5-120.1IBASEY¡ARSIPEMISSIONSINVT,UTORY.iIONVOCNOx,&COTable5-1.continuedsccDiqitsApplicablePortionofSCCGodePortionthatSCGDescribesDescriptionB-921RoadwavtvpeRurallocals8-923Roadwav.tvoeUrbaninterstatesB-925RoadwavtvpeUrbanotherfreewaysandexpresswaysB-927RoadwavtvoeUrbanotherprincipalarterialsB-929RoadwaytypeUrbanminorarterialsB-931RoadwavtvpeUrbancollectorsB-933RoadwavtvoeUrbanlocals10XEmissionDrocessExhaust10VEmissionÞrocessEvaporative10BEmissionorocessBrakewear10TEmissionDrocessTirewearDelaware-specificInputDatafor2011The2008inventorywasthefirstyearthatDAQusedtheMOVESmodeltodevelopon-roadmobileemissions.TheMOBILE6.2modelwasusedpreviously.TheMOVESmodelallowsforadjustmentstoavarietyofmodelinputs,andassuch,DAQ,withassistancefromtheDelawareDepartmentofTransportation(DelDOT),putsforthconsiderableeffortincreatingasuiteofcounty-specificinputdatafiles.Thecounty-specificinputdatatypescreatedforthe2011inventoryincludeVMT(byvehicleandroadwaytype),vehicleregistrationdata(vehiclepopulationsandagedistributions),averagespeedsintheformofspeedbinfractions(weekdayversusweekendandbyroadwaytype),andinspectionandmaintenanceprogramspecifications.Eachoftheseinputdatasetsarediscussedseparatelybelow.DAQreliesontheMOVESmodeldefaultsforfuelpararneters(formulationsandsupply),meteorologicaldata(temperatureandrelativehumidity),rampfractiónsìandweeklyanddailyfractions.VehícleMílesTraveled(VMT)DøtaTheactivitydatausedfordevelopingtheon-roademissioninventoryisVMT.DeIDOTprovided2011VMTdatabyroadwaytypeforallcountiesinDelaware.DeIDOTisrequiredtosubmitcalendar-yearVMTdataannuallytotheFederalHighwayAdministration's(FHWA)I{ighwayPerformanceMoni.toringSystem(HPMS).TheVMTisestimatedbasedondatafrompermanenttrafficcountstationsthroughoutthecounty.DeIDOT'strafficcountprogramprovidesdailyandseasonalvariationdata.Additionaltemporarystationsprovideshorter-termcountsthatareexpandedwithfactorsderivedfromappropriatepermanentcountstations.CountingandexpansionactivitiesareconsistentwithFHWAg,u,idelines.ThetrafÍicdatasubmittedtoHPMSareconsideredthemostaccurateVMTtotalsforDelaware.SincetheVMTprovidedbyDeIDOTissuppliedbyHPMSroadwaytype,thetaskofcreatingVMTbyMOVESroadtypefiactionsrequiresmappingthetwelveHPMSroadtypestothefourMOVESroadtypes.TheroadtypeallocationsforNewCastleCountyandSussexCountyfor2011areprovidedinTables5-2and5-3,respectiye_ly,5-2BÀSEYEARSIFEIT¿ISSIONSII.TVENTONVNON!Table5-2.NewCastleCountyVMTFractionsbyRoadType'-1.rl,t;MOVESRoadTypeCodeRoadTvpeDescriPtionVMTFractio.nbvRoadTvpe2RuralRestrictedAccess0.00003RuralUnrestrictedAccess0.14444UrbanRestrictedAccess0.29405UrbanUnrestrictedAccess0.5616Total.t.00000Tabte5-3.SussexGountyVMTFractionsbyRoadTypeMOVESRoadTypeCodeRoadTvpeDescriPtionVMTFractionbvRoadTvpe2RuralRestrictedAccess0.00003RuralUnrestrictedAccess0.67234UrbanRestrictedAccess0.00005UrbanUnrestrictedAccesso.3277Total1.0000VMTFrøctionsbyVehicleTYPe,VMTbyvehicletypedataarenotcollectedinDelaware,soanalternatepiocedurewasdevelopådusingtheiocalregistrationdataincalculatingtheVMTmixesratherthanusingthedefaultMOVESVMTdistributionbyvehicletype.ThismethodologyusesnationaldefaultMOVESmileageaccumulationdataincombinationwiththeDelaware.county-speclficregistrationdatatodevelopestimatesofVMTbyvehicletype.ThenumberofvehiclesrelisteredinDelawarebymodelyear,vehicletype,fueltypeandcountywas.multipliedbytheuuãrug.numberofmilesaccumulatedannuallybyvehiclesofthesameage,vehicletypeandfueltypeintheMOBILE6.Zdefaultmileageaccumulationdatabase.ThisprovidedanestimateofVVtfbyvehicleageandvehicletype.iheseVMTestimateswerethensunrmedforallyearsbyvehictetype.ThJtohlVMTforeachvehicletypewasdividedbythetotalcalculatedVMTtógiveVMffractionsbyvehicletype.Tables5-4and5-5presenttheresultingVMT.fractionsbyvehicletypeforNewCastleCountyandSussexCounty,respectively'*.-.{.;."'i'.Table5-4.NewCastlecountyvMTFractionsbyvehicleTypeMOVESVehicleTvneGodeVehicleDescriptionvMT.r.fFractionbyVehicleType11Motorcvcle0.007321PassenqerCar0.4636¡5Continuednextpage5-3BASEYEAR:SIPEh4ISSIO}{S,INVENTORYFL\R.VTable5-4.continuedTable5-5.SussexCountyVMTFractionsbyVehicleTypeMOVESVehicleTvpeCodeVehicleDescriptionVMTFractionbyVehicleTvpe11Motorcvcle0.011021PassenqerCar0.367031PassenqerTruck0.424232LiohtCommercialTruck0.144941lntercitvBus0.005442TransitBus0.002043SchoolBus0.001951RefuseTruck0.000452SinqleUnitShort-haulTruck0.009053SinqleUnitLono-haulTruck0.000954MotorHome0.000261CombinationShort-haulTruck0.016462CombinationLono-haulTruck0.0168Total1.0000VMTTemporølAllocøtìonsTheMOVESmodelinputfilesincludeallocationsofVMTbymonth.MonthlyallocationofVMTis,accomplishedthroughtheuseofpermanentcountstatio.ndataprovidedbyDelDOT.For201I,DetDOTprovidedmonthlyVMTdatafrom24permanentcountstationsthroughoutNewCastleCountyand26inSussexCounty.Eachmonth'sdataforallcountstationsinacountyweresummedanddividedbythesumoftheannualVMTrecordedbytheallcountstationsinacounty.ThemonthlyVMTfractionscreatedinthiswayareprovidedinTables5-6and5-7.5-431PassenqerTruck0.366932LiohtCommercialTrucko.123241lntercitvBus0.003842TransitBus0.001443SchoolBus0.001951RefuseTruck0.000352SinoleUnitShort-haulTruck0.007753SinoleUnitLono-haulTruck0.000754MotorHome0.000261CombinationShort-haulTruck0.011562CombinationLonq-haulTruck0.0113Total1.0000201iBZrSPYEARSIPEMISSIONSIIT¡V.IiNICIRYIIORTable5-6.MonthlyVMTAllocationFractionsforNewCastleCountyMonthVMTFractionMonthVMTFractionJanuary0.0711Julv0.0878February0.0759Auoust0.0852March0.0816September0.0860April0.0838October0.0873Mav0.0856November0.0848June0.0890December0.0818Table5-7.MonthlyVMTAllocationFractionsforSussexCountyMonthVMTFractionMonthVMTFractionJanuary0.0663Julv0.1070February0.0715August0.0998March0.0743September0.0874Aoril0.0802October0.0803Mav0.0882November0.0753June0.0974December0.0725VehìclePopul.atíonsøndAgeDístributionsVehicleregistrationdatawereobtainedfromtheDelawareDivisionofMotorVehicles(DlW).Thedataur"urnuprhotofDMV'sregistrationdatabaseasofJuly1,2011.Thedatashowthenumberofvehiclesregisteredbymodelyearforeachofthe16MOBILE6.2vehicleclasses.The16vehicleclasses*"*"or¡n.rtedtothe13MOVESvehicletypesusingaconverterprovidedbyEPA.NewCastleCountyandSussexCountyvehiclepopulationsbyMOVESvehicletypeareprovidedinTables5-8and5-9,respectively.Vehicleagedistributionfractionsweredevelopedloreachofthe13vehicletypesbasedonmodelyear.Vehicles30yearsandolderwerelumpedintoonefraction.Table5-8.2011VehiclePopulationsforNewGastlecountyVehicleGodeVehicleTypeNumberofVehicles11Motorcvcle13,29821PassenoerVehicle228.97631PassenoerTruck144.52632LiohtCommercialTruck47.65041lntercityBus44542TransitBus27343SchoolBus1,001Continuednextpage5-520I1BASEYEARSIPEMISSIONSI¡\VENTORYF-ORVOCINO*,&.COTable5-8.continued51RefuseTruck6952SinoleUnitShort-HaulTruck2,98853SinoleUnitLono-HaulTruck20954MotorHome37361CombinationShort-HaulTruck1.O8762CombinationLonq-HaulTruck81BTable5-9.2011VehiclePopulationsforSussexCountyVehicleCodeVehicleTvpeNumberofVehicles11Motorcvcle8,73321PassenqerVehicle82.91031PassenoerTruck78,99832LiohtCommercialTruck26.46241lntercitvBus28542TransitBus19243SchoolBus43151RefuseTruck4852SinoleUnitShort-HaulTruck1.99853SinqleUnitLonq-HaulTruck14154MotorHome21761CombinationShort-HaulTruck79462CombinationLono-HaulTruck624VehícleSpeedsTheMOVESmodelrepresentsaveragevehiclespeedsbyroadwaytypethroughtheuseofspeedbinfractions.Thereare16speedbinswiththefirstrepresentingspeedslessthan2.5milesperhour(mph),witheachsubsequentbinhavingarangeof5mph(i.e.,42.5mph-47.5rnph).Thefinalbinrepresentsspeedsequaltoorgreaterthan72.5mph.For2011,DeIDOTprovidedseasonalspeedbinfractionsforeachofthefourMOVESroadwaytypes,foreachhouroftheday,andforweekdayarñweekenddrivingpatterns.DeIDOTestimatedspeedsusingthePeninsulatraveldemandmodel.Themodelaccountsfortrafficvolumesandvariationsintravelaccordingtopurpose,whichimpactaveragespeeds.Table5-10summarizesthematrixofparametersthatresultsin12,288recordsforspeedsineachcounty.Table5-10.2011AverageSpeedMatrixParameterNumberofVariablesSeason4Hour24RoadwavTvoe4WeekdavA/r/eekend2SoeedBins165-6201IBASÈYEARSIP.EMISSIOì..ISINVENTORYIìORVInspectíonandMøinten&rxce(I/M)TheIiMprogramsforNewCastleCountyincludeabiennialonboarddiagnostictestingprogram(OBDII)since2002for1996andlatermodelyearvehicles.Vehicleemissioncomputersystemsarecheckedforanydiagnostictroublecodespresent,asymptomofexcessemissionswhichisafailingresultfortheu.hi.l".Oldervehicles,startingwithmodelyear(MY)1968,aregivenacurbidletest(MY1963-1980)oratwo-speedidletest(MY1981-1995).Atailpipeprobeisinsertedfor60secondstodetermineexhaustconcentrationsofhydrocarbonsandcarbonmonoxide.Dependingonthemodelyear,vehicleswithanexcessemissionconcetfrationofeitherpollutantwillfailthetest.Oldervehicles(MY1975-1995)arealsogivenafuelsystempr"rrui.test(FP)andagascap(GC)test.Airpressureisappliedtothefuelsystemfromthefuelinlettothecanister.Aflerairpressurehasbeenapplied,pressuredegradationisrnonitored.Vehiclesfailthefuelsystempressuretestifitcannotmaintaintheequivalentpressureofeightinchesofwaterforuptotwominutesafterbeingpressurizedto14.0+0.5inchesofwater.Asimilarpressuretestisappliedtothevehicle'sgascap.Table5-11.2011NewCastleCountyl/MProgramParametersTestTvpeIDLE2500/IDLEFP&GCOBDl/MEvapOBDl/MExhTestFreouencvBiennialBiennialBiennialBiennialBiennialProqramTvpeTestOnlvTestOnlvTestOnlvTestOnlvTestOnlvModelYears1968-1980I981-19951975-19951996-20031996-2003ComplianceFactors(%)PassenqerVehicle92.4695.6996.0095.6895.68PassenqerTruck86.69BB.3B88.8689.0487.91LiqhtComm.Truck76.8678.3678.7878.4974.69VehiclesTested(gasolineonlY)PassenoerVehicleYesYesYesYesYesPassenoerTruckYesYesYesYesYesLightComm.Truck(upto8,500GVWR)YesYesYesYesYesSchoolBusNoNoNoNoNoSingleUnitShort-HaulTruckNoNoNoNoNoSingleUnitLonq-HaulTruckNoNoNoNoNoRefuseTruckNoNoNoNoNoCombShort-HaunationTruckNoNoNoNoNoGombLonq-HaunationTruckNoNoNoNoNoMotorHomeNoNoNoNoNolntercitvBusNoNoNoNoNoTransitBusNoNoNoNoNoMotorcvcleNoNoNoNoNo5-7BASEYEARSIPEIAISSICNSINVBNTORVI.ORVOCTheSussexCountyIA4programincludesonlyanidletest.Table5-12.20l1SussexCountyl/MProgramFarametersTestTvoeIDLEl/MProqramYears1991-2050TestFrequencvBiennialProqramTvpeTtoModelYears1981-2005GomplianceFactors(%)PassenqerVehicle94.94PassenqerTruck88.47LiqhtComm.Truck80.97VehiclesTested(gasolineonly)PassenqerVehicleYesPassenqerTruckYesLishtComm.Truck(upto8,500GVWR)YesSchoolBusNoSinoleUnitShort-HaulTruckNoSinoleUnitLonq-HaulTruckNoRefuseTruckNoCombinationShort-HaulTruckNoCombinationLonq-HaulTruckNoMotorHomeNolntercitvBusNoTransitBusNoMotorcvcleNoControlsAllMovES-recognizedon-roadcontrolmeasuresknowntobeinplaceinDelawarein2011wereincludedintheMOVESemissioninventorymodemodeling.LocalcontrolprogramsincludeDelaware'sI/Mprogram,theFederalreformulatedgasolineprogram,andtheNortheastOzoneTransporlRegionLEVprogram.TheMOVESmodelinternallyincludesallnationalcontrolprograms,suchastheTier1andTier2gasolinefuelandlightdutyengineemissionstandardsaswellastheultra-lowsulfurdieselfuelandheavydutyenginestandards.TwoDelawarecontrolprograms,theanti-tamperingprocedures(ATP)performedattheinspectionslanesandtheanti-idlingregulationwerenotaccountedforintheMOVESrunssincethemodeldoesnotprovideforinputtingtheseprograms.FortheATPcontrolprogram,vehiclesthataretestedarealsocheckedtoseeifthecatalyticconverter,gascapandfuelinletrestrictorarepresent.Vehicleswillfailinspectionifanyofthesedevicesaremissing.Regulation1145,ExcessiveIdlingofl{eavyDutyVehicles,isdesignedtoeliminateemissionscausedbyextendingidling.WhileMOVESdelineatesemissionsprocessgsforextendedidli€5-82C1IBASEYEARSIPI]MISSIONSINVENTORYFORVOCcunentlytheavailablecontrolprogramswithinMOVESdonotaccountforanti-idlingmeasures'Delawaiecurrentlyhasnooff-modelmethodtodetermineemissionbenefitsfromeitherATPorReg.1145.EmissionsfromNEIvlTable5-13.2011AnnualandSSWDEmissionsforOn-roadMobileSourcesbYCountYGountyAnnualfiPY)SSWD(TPD)vocNO,covocNO"coNewCastle3.2857,49537.489B.B520.6591.58Sussex2,9744,70228,323B.8614.8778.675-9