[Cite as Vukovic-Burkhardt v. Dayton Bd. of Edn., 2022-Ohio-4183.]

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO

SECOND APPELLATE DISTRICT 

MONTGOMERY COUNTY

KELLI VUKOVIC-BURKHARDT

Plaintiff-Appellant

v.

DAYTON BOARD OF EDUCATION, et 

al. 

Defendants-Appellees

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Appellate Case No. 29539

Trial Court Case No. 2019-CV-5012

(Civil Appeal from

Common Pleas Court)

. . . . . . . . . . .

O P I N I O N

Rendered on the 23rd day of November, 2022.

. . . . . . . . . . . 

PETER K. NEWMAN, Atty. Reg. No. 0010468, 594 Garden Road, Dayton, Ohio 45419

 Attorney for Plaintiff-Appellant

 

DAVID J. LAMPE, Atty. Reg. No. 0072890 & JASON R. STUCKEY, Atty. Reg. No. 

0091220, 312 North Patterson Boulevard, Suite 200, Dayton, Ohio 45402

Attorneys for Defendants-Appellees
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. . . . . . . . . . . . .

LEWIS, J.

{¶ 1} Plaintiff-Appellant Kelli Vukovic-Burkhardt appeals from an order of the 

Montgomery County Common Pleas Court denying her Civ.R. 60(B) motion for relief from 

judgment. For the following reasons, we affirm the trial court’s order. 

I. Facts and Procedural History

{¶ 2} We previously addressed the history of this case in Vukovic-Burkhardt v. 

Dayton Bd. of Edn., 2021-Ohio-739, 169 N.E.3d 53, ¶ 3-4 (2d Dist.), as follows:

Vukovic-Burkhardt was a classroom teacher in the Dayton Public 

Schools. During the early part of the 2018-2019 school year, she 

reportedly called administrators a derogatory name in front of students, 

spoke about her personal life while on the phone in front of her students, 

used Facebook during instructional time, regularly yelled at and berated her 

students, and engaged in other inappropriate behavior. The [Dayton 

Board of Education (hereinafter “the Board”)] decided to fire her. In April 

and June 2019, a referee conducted a hearing on the Board’s decision. 

Afterward, the referee filed a report finding good and just cause for 

terminating Vukovic-Burkhardt’s teaching contract and recommending that 

the Board do so. On September 17, 2019, the Board accepted the 

referee’s recommendation and passed a resolution terminating her teaching 

contract. Vukovic-Burkhardt’s attorney requested a copy of the Board’s 

resolution, and the attorney for the Board emailed a copy of the three-page 
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resolution to her attorney on September 20, 2019. That copy of the 

resolution detailed the Board’s decision and indicated it was passed by a 7-

0 roll call vote at a meeting of the Board on September 17, 2019, and was 

signed by the Treasurer. (Exhibit 1 of the Answer to the Amended 

Complaint filed March 17, 2020.) Vukovic-Burkhardt herself separately 

received a copy of the resolution six days later that was sent to her by the 

Board. 

On October 26, 2019, Vukovic-Burkhardt filed a complaint against 

the Board and others that contained, among other claims, an administrative 

appeal of the decision to terminate her teaching contract. The Board 

moved for judgment on the pleadings as to the administrative appeal, 

arguing that the appeal was untimely under R.C. 3319.16, having been filed 

more than 30 days after Vukovic-Burkhardt received notice of the Board’s 

decision. The trial court agreed, and on July 24, 2020, it dismissed the 

administrative appeal for lack of jurisdiction.

{¶ 3} Vukovic-Burkhardt appealed the dismissal on August 21, 2020. The sole 

assignment of error raised on appeal was whether the trial court had erred by dismissing 

Vukovic-Burkhardt’s administrative appeal. 

{¶ 4} On October 13, 2020, Vukovic-Burkhardt filed a motion asking the trial court 

to reconsider its decision dismissing her administrative appeal. Attached to her motion 

was a copy of her brief that was filed in the appeal. On October 20, 2020, he trial court 

filed a notice informing the parties that, because an appeal was pending, the trial court 
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lacked jurisdiction to address the matter at that time.

{¶ 5} The parties continued with preparation for trial on the remaining claims. On

January 22, 2021, Vukovic-Burkhardt filed a “Motion to Strike” in this Court in support of 

her argument that was still pending on appeal. Vukovic-Burkhardt, 2021-Ohio-739, 169 

N.E.3d 53, at ¶ 5. Her motion asked this court to strike the Board’s reliance on the 

resolution that had been emailed to her counsel on September 20, 2019; she argued that 

the resolution contained a forged date and a forged signature. Vukovic-Burkhardt 

claimed that she had learned of the supposed forgery from the deposition of the treasurer 

taken on December 23, 2020. Id. Although Vukovic-Burkhardt filed a motion in this 

Court, she did not file a motion in the trial court or supplement her October 13, 2020 

motion for reconsideration with the new allegations or evidence. 

{¶ 6} We overruled Vukovic-Burkhardt’s motion for several reasons. As we 

explained in our Opinion:

R.C. 3319.16 states that the 30-day appeal period begins with "receipt of 

notice of the entry," and the resolution that the Board's attorney sent 

Vukovic-Burkhardt's attorney on September 20, 2019, constituted notice of 

the Board’s resolution. Furthermore, the treasurer’s deposition testimony 

was not before the trial court when it dismissed the administrative appeal, 

so we should not consider it. Finally, any allegation, let alone evidence, 

that the resolution was a forgery was not before the trial court. We decide 

this appeal on the record before us, i.e., what was before the trial court when 

that court made its decision.
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Id. at ¶ 5. 

{¶ 7} On March 12, 2021, we affirmed the judgment of the trial court, concluding

that the trial court had properly determined that Vukovic-Burkhardt’s administrative appeal 

was untimely and, therefore, the court had lacked jurisdiction to consider it. Id. at ¶ 11. 

{¶ 8} After the appeal was resolved, the trial court issued a decision that denied

Vukovic-Burkhardt’s October 13, 2020 motion. Decision, Order, and Entry (Apr. 29, 

2021). The trial court determined that Vukovic-Burkhardt’s motion for reconsideration of 

the July 24, 2020 decision was not proper, as the prior decision had been a final 

appealable order and therefore the trial court lacked jurisdiction to reconsider it. The trial 

court also found that even if it had jurisdiction, it would deny Vukovic-Burkhardt’s motion

pursuant to the law-of-the-case doctrine. 

{¶ 9} On April 29, 2022, Vukovic-Burkhardt filed a combined Civ.R. 60(B)(3) and 

(B)(5) motion regarding the trial court’s April 29, 2021 decision and requested a hearing. 

Vukovic-Burkhardt alleged that the Board’s attorney had perpetrated a fraud upon the 

court by relying on a fraudulent version of the Board’s resolution to establish that her 

appeal was untimely. Specifically, she claimed that the September 20, 2019 emailed 

copy of the Board’s resolution sent to Vukovic-Burkhardt’s counsel had had a forged date 

and signature of the treasurer. Based on her claim that the September 20, 2019 

document was forged, Vukovic-Burkhardt claimed that the time to appeal should have 

started from September 26, 2019, the date she had received the mailed copy of the 

Board’s resolution, which would mean that her administrative appeal was timely, and the 

trial court should reverse its decision to dismiss her administrative appeal. 
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{¶ 10} On June 30, 2022, the trial court issued a decision denying VukovicBurkhardt’s Civ.R. 60(B) motion and her request for a hearing. The trial court concluded

that the Civ.R. 60(B)(3) motion was untimely. Although Vukovic-Burkhardt claimed to 

seek relief from the trial court’s April 29, 2021 decision denying her motion to reconsider, 

the trial court determined that Vukovic-Burkhardt had actually been attempting to seek 

relief from the July 24, 2020 decision that dismissed her R.C. 3319.16 administrative 

appeal as untimely. The trial court further found that the April 29, 2021 decision was not 

a final appealable order and was a nullity. Because Vukovic-Burkhardt’s motion had 

been filed on April 29, 2022, more than a year after the July 24, 2020 decision, it was 

untimely under Civ.R. 60(B)(3).

{¶ 11} The trial court also denied Vukovic-Burkhardt’s motion insofar as it was 

brought under Civ.R. 60(B)(5). The court found that there was no evidence that the 

Board’s attorney had actively participated in perpetrating a fraud upon the court. 

According to the court, the resolution terminating Vukovic-Burkhardt’s contract that was 

provided to her attorney on September 20, 2019, provided notice of the specific reasons 

for her termination and of the Board’s final decision and was identical to that received by 

Vukovic-Burkhardt in the mail six days later. Further, there was no evidence that the 

treasurer’s signature had been forged on the copy sent to Vukovic-Burkhardt’s attorney 

or that the resolution had been altered in any way. 

{¶ 12} Vukovic-Burkhardt appeals and raises two assignments of error. First, she 

alleges that the trial court erred in finding her Civ.R. 60(B)(3) motion to be untimely. 

Second, she argues that the trial court erred in denying her Civ.R. 60(B)(5) motion and 
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should have granted her a hearing. We will consider each of the arguments in turn. 

II. Civ.R. 60(B) Motions

{¶ 13} Civ.R. 60(B) provides, in pertinent part, that: 

On motion and upon such terms as are just, the court may relieve a 

party or his legal representative from a final judgment, order or proceeding 

for the following reasons: * * * (3) fraud (whether heretofore denominated 

intrinsic or extrinsic), misrepresentation or other misconduct of an adverse 

party; * * * or (5) any other reason justifying relief from the judgment. The 

motion shall be made within a reasonable time, and for reasons (1), (2) and 

(3) not more than one year after the judgment, order or proceeding was 

entered or taken. 

{¶ 14} “To succeed on a motion for relief from judgment under Civ.R. 60(B), a 

movant must establish (1) a meritorious defense or claim to present, in the event that 

relief from judgment is granted, (2) entitlement to relief under one of the provisions in 

Civ.R. 60(B)(1) through (5), and (3) compliance with the rule's time requirements.” Bank 

of Am., N.A. v. Kuchta, 141 Ohio St. 3d 75, 2014-Ohio-4275, 21 N.E.3d 1040, ¶ 11, citing 

GTE Automatic Elec., Inc. v. ARC Industries, Inc., 47 Ohio St.2d 146, 351 N.E.2d 113 

(1976), paragraph two of the syllabus. “These requirements are independent and in the 

conjunctive; thus the test is not fulfilled if any one of the requirements is not met.” Strack 

v. Pelton, 70 Ohio St.3d 172, 174, 637 N.E.2d 914 (1994).

{¶ 15} “ ‘In an appeal from a Civ.R. 60(B) determination, a reviewing court must 

determine whether the trial court abused its discretion.’ ” Harris v. Anderson, 109 Ohio 
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St.3d 101, 2006-Ohio-1934, 846 N.E.2d 43, ¶ 7, quoting State ex rel. Russo v. Deters, 80 

Ohio St.3d 152, 153, 684 N.E.2d 1237 (1997). An abuse of discretion means that the 

trial court's attitude “is unreasonable, arbitrary or unconscionable.” Blakemore v. 

Blakemore, 5 Ohio St.3d 217, 219, 450 N.E.2d 1140 (1983). “Consequently, when 

applying this standard, an appellate court is not free to substitute its judgment for that of

the trial judge.” Berk v. Matthews, 53 Ohio St. 3d 161, 169, 559 N.E.2d 1301 (1990).

III. First Assignment of Error

{¶ 16} In her Civ.R. 60(B) motion, Vukovic-Burkhardt alleged that the Board’s

attorney perpetrated a fraud between the parties and upon the court. Fraud perpetrated 

on the court is a ground for relief under Civ. R. 60(B)(5), whereas fraud between the

parties is properly brought under Civ.R. 60(B)(3). Jackson v. Hendrickson, 2d Dist. 

Montgomery No. 21921, 2008-Ohio-491, ¶ 53. The alleged fraudulent conduct occurred 

when the Board’s attorney emailed Vukovic-Burkhardt’s attorney a forged Board’s 

resolution on September 20, 2019, and then improperly relied upon that date in the trial 

court to obtain a dismissal of the administrative appeal. The trial court denied VukovicBurkhardt’s Civ.R. 60(B)(3) motion on grounds of untimeliness, while it denied her Civ.R. 

60(B)(5) motion on the merits, finding that there was no evidence that the Board’s attorney 

actively participated in committing a fraud upon the court. We address first the trial 

court’s decision denying Vukovic-Burkhardt’s Civ.R. 60(B)(3) motion. 

{¶ 17} In order to review whether the trial court abused its discretion in finding that 

Vukovic-Burkhardt did not file her Civ.R. 60(B)(3) motion within one year, we must first 

determine decision from which the one year began to run. On July 24, 2020, the trial 
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court issued a decision dismissing Vukovic-Burkhardt’s administrative appeal for not 

being filed within the 30 days provided for in R.C. 3319.16. After we resolved her appeal 

from this final appealable order, the trial court issued its April 29, 2021 decision overruling 

Vukovic-Burkhardt’s motion for reconsideration of its July 24, 2020 decision.1 

{¶ 18} On April 29, 2022, Vukovic-Burkhardt filed her Civ.R. 60(B) motion. 

However, because the April 29, 2021 decision was a nullity, and she was actually 

attempting to challenge the trial court’s July 24, 2020 decision, we conclude that the oneyear period began to run from July 24, 2020. 

{¶ 19} There is no dispute that the July 24, 2020 decision was a final appealable 

order. Thus, it was not subject to a motion for reconsideration. “Civ. R. 54(B) allows for 

a reconsideration or rehearing of interlocutory orders.” Pitts v. Ohio Dept. of Transp., 67 

Ohio St. 2d 378, 379, 423 N.E.2d 1105 (1981), fn. 1. However, “[t]he Ohio Rules of Civil 

Procedure do not provide for a motion for reconsideration of a final order. Therefore, 

any order that a trial court enters on a motion for reconsideration is a legal nullity.” 

(Citations omitted.) Tucker v. Pope, 2d Dist. Miami No. 2009-CA-30, 2010-Ohio-995, 

¶ 25. “A ‘nullity’ is defined as ‘an act void of legal effect.’ ” (Citation omitted.) Williams 

v. PNC Bank, Natl. Assn., 2d Dist. Montgomery No. 28933, 2021-Ohio-977, ¶ 14. 

{¶ 20} In order to challenge the July 24, 2020 decision, Vukovic-Burkhardt could 

have filed either a direct appeal from that order or a Civ.R. 60(B) motion, or both; the 

1 We note that Vukovic-Burkhardt claims that the trial court “sua sponte” issued the April 

29, 2021 decision rejecting her motion for reconsideration and that it was “unnecessary 

for the trial court to have issued its order[.]” Brief of Appellant at p. 12. Yet it is 

incumbent upon a trial court to render a decision on all motions filed in that court. See

Sup.R. 40(A)(3). Thus, we do not agree that the trial court sua sponte issued a decision 

on her pending motion.
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difference is that a direct appeal challenges the trial court’s legal conclusion based on the 

evidence in the record, whereas a Civ.R. 60(B) motion challenges the trial court’s decision 

based on evidence outside the record. In re Dankworth Trust, 7th Dist. Belmont No. 14 

BE 9, 2014-Ohio-5825, ¶ 28. This is because the purpose of post-judgment relief under 

Civ.R. 60(B) “is to remedy an injustice resulting from a cause that could not reasonably 

be addressed during the ordinary trial and appellate proceedings. The Rules of Civil 

Procedure do not invite a party to take a chance on a decision in the hope that a second 

bite is available if the outcome proves disappointing.” Volodkevich v. Volodkevich, 35 

Ohio St.3d 152, 155, 518 N.E.2d 1208 (1988). Hence, a Civ.R. 60(B) motion for relief 

from judgment may not be used to reverse a final judgment on issues that could have 

been corrected in a timely appeal. “Civ.R. 60(B) exists in order for a party to seek relief 

from final orders due to allegations that cannot be raised on appeal.” (Emphasis added.) 

State v. Brown, 7th Dist. Mahoning No. 13 MA 172, 2014-Ohio-5824, ¶ 72. 

{¶ 21} Vukovic-Burkhardt filed a direct appeal in which we ultimately upheld the 

trial court’s dismissal of her administrative appeal. She also filed a Civ.R. 60(B)(3)

motion, but, as noted, that motion was not filed until April 22, 2022; more than a year after 

the July 24, 2020 decision. Significantly, Vukovic-Burkhardt’s motion for reconsideration 

relied entirely upon the evidence contained within the record and maintained that the trial 

court’s legal conclusion was incorrect. The fraud allegation was never raised in support 

of Vukovic-Burkhardt’s motion for reconsideration. Had she alleged fraud in her motion, 

the trial court could have construed her motion for reconsideration as a Civ.R. 60(B)(3) 

motion. See Ritchie v. Mahoning Cty., 2017-Ohio-1213, 80 N.E.3d 560, ¶ 25 (7th Dist.) 
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(“a trial court may construe a motion for reconsideration as a motion for relief from 

judgment under Civ.R. 60(B), but is not required to do so.”). But because VukovicBurkhardt’s motion for reconsideration was based on the same record that was on appeal, 

the motion to reconsider was a nullity, as well as any decision derived therefrom. See

Payne v. Wilberforce Univ., 2d Dist. Greene No. 2003-CA-64, 2004-Ohio-4055, ¶ 7, citing 

Pitts, 67 Ohio St.2d at 381, 423 N.E.2d 1105 (noting that a motion for reconsideration 

after a final order in the trial court is a nullity and all judgments or final orders flowing from 

a motion for reconsideration are also a nullity). As the plain language of Civ.R. 60(B) 

dictates, it only provides relief from a final judgment, order or proceeding. See Civ.R. 

60(B). A decision that is a nullity cannot be considered a final judgment such that 

Vukovic-Burkhardt’s Civ.R. 60(B) motion could not relate back to the April 29, 2021 

decision. 

{¶ 22} The trial court correctly determined that Vukovic-Burkhardt was actually

attempting to challenge the July 24, 2020 final order through her Civ.R. 60(B) motion. 

Vukovic-Burkhardt’s failure to timely file her Civ.R. 60(B)(3) motion within one year of the 

July 24, 2020 order precluded the trial court from considering her motion. Her first 

assignment of error is overruled. 

IV. Second Assignment of Error

{¶ 23} In her second assignment of error, Vukovic-Burkhardt argues that the trial 

court erred in denying her Civ.R. 60(B)(5) motion and, further, that the trial court should 

have held a hearing on her motion. We reject both her contentions. 

{¶ 24} “Civ.R. 60(B)(5) is intended as a catch-all provision reflecting the inherent 
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power of a court to relieve a person from the unjust operation of a judgment, but it is not 

to be used as a substitute for any of the other more specific provisions of Civ.R. 60(B).” 

Caruso-Ciresi, Inc. v. Lohman, 5 Ohio St.3d 64, 448 N.E.2d 1365 (1983), paragraph one 

of the syllabus. “Civil Rule 60(B)(5) is only to be used in an extraordinary and unusual 

case when the interests of justice warran[t] it.” Adomeit v. Baltimore, 39 Ohio App.2d 97, 

105, 316 N.E.2d 469 (8th Dist.1974). The grounds for invoking Civ.R. 60(B)(5) must be 

substantial. Caruso-Ciresi at paragraph two of the syllabus. “Substantial grounds may 

exist if the moving party establishes a fraud upon the court.” Molnar-Satterfield v. 

Molnar, 2d Dist. Greene No. 2020-CA-52, 2021-Ohio-2698, ¶ 16, citing Coulson v. 

Coulson, 5 Ohio St.3d 12, 448 N.E.2d 809 (1983), paragraph one of the syllabus. 

{¶ 25} The Ohio Supreme Court has explained that “[a]ny fraud connected with the 

presentation of a case to a court is a fraud upon the court, in a broad sense. * * * Thus, 

in the usual case, a party must resort to a motion under Civ.R. 60(B)(3). Where an officer 

of the court, e.g., an attorney, however, actively participates in defrauding the court, then 

the court may entertain a Civ.R. 60(B)(5) motion for relief from judgment.” (Citation

omitted.) Coulson at 15, citing Toscano v. Commr. of Internal Revenue, 441 F.2d 930, 

933 (9th Cir.1971). “ ‘Examples of fraud on the court justifying relief from judgment would 

include such “egregious misconduct” as bribery of a judge or jury, or fabrication of 

evidence by counsel * * * or the prevention of an opposing party from fairly presenting his 

case. * * * [T]he trial court is best able to determine whether a fraud has been 

perpetrated upon it. Consequently, the trial court's determination of the issue is entitled 

to great weight[.]’ ” (Citations omitted.) Barton v. Barton, 2d Dist. Greene No. 2015-CA-
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53, 2016-Ohio-5264, ¶ 19, quoting Hartford v. Hartford, 53 Ohio App.2d 79, 84-85, 371 

N.E.2d 591 (8th Dist.1977). 

{¶ 26} “Although a movant is not required to support its motion with evidentiary 

materials, the movant must do more than make bare allegations that he or she is entitled 

to relief.” Kay v. Marc Glassman, Inc., 76 Ohio St.3d 18, 20, 665 N.E.2d 1102 (1996), 

citing Rose Chevrolet, Inc. v. Adams, 36 Ohio St.3d 17, 20, 520 N.E.2d 564 (1988). 

“Thus, in order to convince the court that it is in the best interests of justice to set aside 

the judgment or to grant a hearing, the movant may decide to submit evidentiary materials 

in support of its motion.” Id. “ ‘Even though there is no requirement that the movant 

submit an affidavit or other material with his motion, because he has the burden of proof 

and is not automatically entitled to a hearing, legal practice dictates that the movant must 

do all that he can to present allegations of operative facts to demonstrate that he is filing 

his motion within a reasonable period of time; that he is entitled to relief for one of the 

grounds specified in Civil Rule 60(B)(1) through (5); and that he has a valid defense.’ ” 

Liberty Nursing Ctr. of Englewood, Inc. v. Valentine, 2d Dist. Montgomery No. 24685, 

2012-Ohio-1096, ¶ 65, quoting Adomeit at 103.

{¶ 27} The allegations in this case were that Vukovic-Burkhardt’s attorney had 

requested and received a copy of the Board’s resolution terminating her employment via 

email on September 20, 2019. A copy of the three-page resolution documented the 

reasoning for the Board’s decision, indicated it was approved “7/0” by the Board 

members, and was signed by the treasurer. On September 23, 2019, the treasurer 

mailed Vukovic-Burkhardt a copy of the resolution, which Vukovic-Burkhardt received on 
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September 26, 2019. The September 26, 2019 copy was identical to the September 20, 

2019 version with the exception that it was approved “9/17/19” by the Board members 

and the treasurer’s signature was slightly different. According to Vukovic-Burkhardt, the 

discrepancy between the entry of the vote count and the date on the two versions, as well 

as the slight change in the treasurer’s signature (which Vukovic-Burkhardt contends was 

misspelled) demonstrated that the September 20, 2019 copy was forged. 

{¶ 28} Initially, we note that Vukovic-Burkhardt’s Civ.R. 60(B)(5) motion argued 

that the decision she sought to reverse was the trial court’s decision denying her motion 

for reconsideration. We have previously explained that the April 29, 2021 decision was 

a nullity and, further, that any decision derived from that motion is also a nullity. Pitts, 67 

Ohio St.2d at 381, 423 N.E.2d 1105. Thus, even if Vukovic-Burkhardt put forth some 

evidence in support of her allegations of fraud, she was not entitled to relief from that 

decision. Fraud does not change the facts that the decision denying her motion to 

reconsider was a nullity and that she cannot seek relief from a nullity. Therefore, we will 

consider Vukovic-Burkhardt’s Civ.R. 60(B) motion as challenging the July 24, 2020 

decision, not the April 29, 2021 decision. 

{¶ 29} The trial court found that there was no evidence of fraud to support granting

a Civ.R. 60(B)(5) motion. We agree. The trial court explained: 

The Court does not find that the resolution terminating Plaintiff’s 

teaching contract which the Board’s attorney sent to Plaintiff’s attorney on 

September 20, 2019, was sent with any knowledge of potential falsity or 

with the intent to mislead. The copy of the resolution which was sent to 
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Plaintiff’s attorney is identical to the one mailed to Plaintiff, with the possible 

exception of Ms. Abraha’s signature. During her deposition, Ms. Abraha 

never testified that she did not sign the resolution, that someone else forged 

her signature, or that she altered the resolution in any way. Thus, Plaintiff 

received notice of the specific reasons for her termination and of the Board’s 

final decision when a copy of the resolution was sent to her attorney since 

nothing changed between this copy and the copy mailed directly to Plaintiff.

As such, there is no basis to claim that the Board’s attorney perpetrated 

fraud on this Court at any time and so the Court denies Plaintiff’s Motion for 

Relief as it relates to Civ.R. 60(B)(5).

Decision, Order and Entry Denying Plaintiff’s Motion for Relief from Judgment (June 30, 

2022), p. 5-6. 

{¶ 30} “The elements of fraud are (1) a representation (or concealment of a fact 

when there is a duty to disclose), (2) that is material to the transaction at hand, (3) made 

falsely, with knowledge of its falsity or with such utter disregard and recklessness as to

whether it is true or false that knowledge may be inferred, (4) with intent to mislead 

another into relying upon it, (5) justifiable reliance, and (6) resulting injury proximately 

caused by the reliance.” Molnar, 2d Dist. Greene No. 2020-CA-52, 2021-Ohio-2698, at 

¶ 20, citing Ajibola v. Ohio Med. Career College, Ltd., 2018-Ohio-4449, 122 N.E.3d 660, 

¶ 15 (2d Dist.).

{¶ 31} The documents submitted in support of Vukovic-Burkhardt’s Civ.R. 60(B)(5) 

motion contained no evidence demonstrating that the Board’s attorney had had any 
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knowledge of the alleged forgery or submitted it and relied upon it with the intent to 

mislead the court. We first observe that, of the six exhibits submitted in support of 

Vukovic-Burkhardt’s Civ.R. 60(B) motion, only the transcript of the Board Treasurer’s 

deposition was relevant to her allegation of fraud. It is also worth mentioning that 

Vukovic-Burkhardt did not attach a copy of the two resolutions at issue. Regardless, 

contrary to Vukovic-Burkhardt’s allegations, the treasurer’s deposition did not 

demonstrate that the September 20, 2019 resolution was a forged document. The Board 

held a meeting on September 17, 2019, at which it decided to terminate VukovicBurkhardt’s employment. During the deposition of the treasurer, the following exchange 

occurred: 

[Plaintiff’s Attorney]: * * * My question is, when did you get around to 

signing the resolution regarding the termination of Kelli Vukovic-Burkhardt? 

[Defense Attorney]: Objection. You can answer, Hiwot.

[Treasurer]: After the board has approved, anytime after that, I sign them.

[Plaintiff’s Attorney]: Anytime after that so isn’t it –

[Treasurer]: After it’s approved.

[Plaintiff’s Attorney]: Okay. So isn’t it true that you didn’t sign the resolution 

regarding Kelli Vukovic-Burkhardt until at least six days after the board’s 

meeting? 

[Treasurer]: It’s not true.

[Plaintiff’s Attorney]: Okay. So when did you sign the resolution regarding 

Kelli Vukovic-Burkhardt? 
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[Treasurer]: I sign it when it’s typed, when – when everything – the board 

agenda is complete. I don’t know when I signed it, but when it’s complete, 

I get it, and I sign it.

[Plaintiff’s Attorney]: Okay. So your testimony today –

[Treasurer]: Not that night.

[Plaintiff’s Attorney]: Not that night. Okay. I understand. So I want to 

make sure the record is clear. So with regard to the resolution concerning 

the termination of Kelli Vukovic-Burkhardt, you did not sign it that night, on 

September 17, 2019, correct?

[Treasurer]: Correct. I don’t see it that night. 

[Plaintiff’s Attorney]: And you can't tell me how many days later, can you?

[Treasurer]: No, I cannot tell you how many days later, but I have the roll 

call, how many of them voted yes or no.

Deposition of Hiwot Abraha, p. 34-36. Although she could not say exactly when she 

signed the resolution, the treasurer specifically denied that the first time she signed the 

resolution was six days after the Board’s meeting, i.e., September 23, 2019. Id. at 35-

36. As the trial court noted, the treasurer was never asked if she had signed the 

September 20, 2019 resolution or if the signature was not hers. Thus, the deposition did

not support Vukovic-Burkhardt’s Civ.R. 60(B)(5) allegations. 

{¶ 32} Moreover, there was no evidence the Board’s attorney provided the 

September 20, 2019 resolution with any knowledge of potential falsity or with the intent 

to mislead. The September 20, 2019 resolution was provided to Vukovic-Burkhardt’s
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attorney at his specific request. The Board’s attorney could not have anticipated if and 

when Vukovic-Burkhardt would file an administrative appeal in order to later rely upon 

September 20, 2019 as the date notice was received. Significantly, the grounds for 

Vukovic-Burkhardt’s termination were identical in the September 20, 2019 resolution and 

the September 26, 2019 copy. The purpose of providing the resolution was to afford

Vukovic-Burkhardt notice of the grounds for termination. The September 20, 2019 

resolution accomplished that. 

{¶ 33} Vukovic-Burkhardt’s conclusory allegations of fraud in her motion were

insufficient to justify granting a Civ.R. 60(B)(5) motion for relief from judgment. Because 

Vukovic-Burkhardt did not demonstrate that she was entitled to relief under Civ.R. 

60(B)(5), the trial court did not abuse its discretion in denying her Civ.R. 60(B)(5) motion. 

{¶ 34} Lastly, we consider whether Vukovic-Burkhardt was entitled to a hearing. 

We conclude that she was not. “[A] movant has no automatic right to a hearing on a 

motion for relief from judgment.” Hrabak v. Collins, 108 Ohio App.3d 117, 121, 670 

N.E.2d 281 (8th Dist.1995). “It is an abuse of discretion for a trial court to overrule a 

Civ.R. 60(B) motion for relief from judgment without first holding an evidentiary hearing 

only if the motion or supportive affidavits contain allegations of operative facts which 

would warrant relief under Civ.R. 60(B).” (Emphasis sic.) Boster v. C & M Serv., Inc., 93 

Ohio App.3d 523, 526, 639 N.E.2d 136 (10th Dist.1994). As discussed in our analysis 

above, Vukovic-Burkhardt’s Civ.R. 60(B) motion failed to establish she was entitled to 

relief. Therefore, it was not an abuse of discretion for the trial court to overrule the Civ.R. 

60(B) motion without first holding an evidentiary hearing.
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{¶ 35} The second assignment of error is overruled. 

V. Conclusion

{¶ 36} Having overruled Vukovic-Burkhardt’s two assignments of error, the 

judgment of the trial court is affirmed. 

. . . . . . . . . . . . .

TUCKER, P.J. and EPLEY, J., concur. 

Copies sent to:

Peter K. Newman

David J. Lampe

Jason R. Stuckey

Hon. Mary L. Wiseman