IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA

No. 21-1834

Filed December 21, 2022

MARK DOUGLAS MORGAN,

Applicant-Appellant,

vs.

STATE OF IOWA,

Respondent-Appellee.

________________________________________________________________

Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Dubuque County, Thomas Bitter, 

Judge.

Mark Douglas Morgan appeals the summary dismissal of his pro se 

application for postconviction relief. AFFIRMED. 

David James Hanson of Hofmeyer & Hanson, P.C., Fayette, for appellant.

Thomas J. Miller, Attorney General, and John R. Lundquist, Assistant 

Attorney General, for appellee State.

Considered by Bower, C.J., Schumacher, J., and Scott, S.J.*

*Senior judge assigned by order pursuant to Iowa Code section 602.9206 

(2022).
2

SCOTT, Senior Judge.

Mark Douglas Morgan appeals the summary dismissal of his pro se 

application for postconviction relief (PCR). Because Morgan has not alleged facts 

entitling him to PCR, the district court did not err in dismissing the PCR 

application.

1

On September 3, 2020, Morgan filed a handwritten PCR application alleging

he was “serving prison sentences for various sex offenses”; he has served twentyone years of his sentences with a tentative discharge date of July 3, 2023; he 

completed the state-mandated sex-offender treatment program on July 28, 2020;

and his case was referred to the Iowa Attorney General’s (AG) office on September 

28, 2020, for consideration of whether Morgan should be civilly committed under 

chapter 229A (2020), the AG had not acted on the referral, “he has a clear statutory 

liberty interest in meeting the qualifications for parole, and the State is denying him 

this liberty interest by failing to promptly review his case.”

On September 15, the district court—without notice—dismissed the PCR 

application stating:

Th[e] application does not identify the proceeding in which the 

Applicant was convicted or the date of the conviction, as required by 

Iowa Code Section 822.4. Further, the application does not allege 

any of the grounds enumerated under Iowa Code section 822.2(1).

Lastly, the Applicant indicates he has been in prison for [twenty-one]

years. As such, his application was filed more than three years after 

the conviction and therefore violates Iowa Code section 822.3.

1 On February 17, 2022, the supreme court, on its own motion, required the parties 

to address the issue of the dismissal of the application without notice to either party 

by the district court. The State responded. Morgan did not respond. Because 

Morgan has not moved for reversal on this ground, we do not address the matter 

in this opinion.
3

Morgan filed a motion to reconsider, enlarge, or amend in which he stated 

he was convicted in 2001 of specified charges, he was serving a fifty-year term 

with no mandatory minimum, and he has submitted his PCR application pursuant 

to Iowa Code section 822.2(1)(e), (f), and (h).

2

 Specifically, Morgan alleges his

parole release has been unlawfully revoked; [he] is otherwise 

unlawfully held in custody; the results of DNA profiling ordered 

pursuant to an application filed under section 81.10 would have 

changed the outcome of trial, or void the factual basis of a guilty plea 

had the profiling been conducted prior to the conviction.

He also asserted the three-year filing is not applicable, and he was relying on Belk 

v. State, 905 N.W.2d 185 (Iowa 2017), and Franklin v. State, 905 N.W.2d 170

(Iowa 2017), in which the Iowa Supreme Court “clarified that the district court does 

have jurisdiction, and that the proper method to bring these claims is a PCR filed 

in the county of conviction.” He also noted Iowa’s parole statute is like the Montana 

parole statute, which the United States Supreme Court in Board of Pardons v. 

Allen, 482 U.S. 369 (1987), found had created a liberty interest of gaining access 

to parole once all the mandated prerequisites were completed. The court 

summarily denied the motion to reconsider on November 10. 

2 Paragraphs (e), (f), and (h) of section 822.2(1) allow a PCR application to be filed 

if a convicted person claims: 

e. The person’s sentence has expired, or probation, parole, or 

conditional release has been unlawfully revoked, or the person is 

otherwise unlawfully held in custody or other restraint.

f. The person’s reduction of sentence pursuant to

sections 903A.1 through 903A.7 has been unlawfully forfeited and 

the person has exhausted the appeal procedure of section 903A.3, 

subsection 2.

. . . . 

h. The results of DNA profiling ordered pursuant to an 

application filed under section 81.10 would have changed the 

outcome of the trial or voided the factual basis of a guilty plea had 

the profiling been conducted prior to the conviction.
4

Morgan appeals, contending the court erred in dismissing his application as 

time-barred and the court should have accepted as true all the well-pleaded facts.3

Morgan argues that because of the AG’s “unconscionable delay” in acting on the 

board of parole’s referral to consider whether the AG intended to seek a civil 

commitment, he is being deprived of the ability to be paroled. Fundamentally, his 

complaint is against the AG’s office.

A PCR proceeding is a civil action, which we review for correction of errors 

of law. Iowa R. App. P. 6.907. Generally, we review dismissals based on a motion 

to dismiss.4 There was no motion to dismiss here—the court dismissed the 

application sua sponte without notice to either party.

“[I]t appears to be generally recognized trial courts may sua sponte dismiss

where the case has not been diligently prosecuted, where issues have become 

moot, [or] where the court discovers it lacks jurisdiction.” Rush v. Sioux City, 240 

N.W.2d 431, 438–39 (Iowa 1976) (internal citations omitted), overruled on other 

grounds by Hoffert v. Luze, 578 N.W.2d 681 (Iowa 1998). Yet, our supreme court 

has “emphasized the need to exercise this authority sparingly.” Teleconnect Co. 

3 He also contends we should require the parole board to act to vindicate the 

court’s authority and his liberty interests. We do not reach the merits of Morgan’s 

claims. The question before us is limited to whether the district court improperly 

dismissed the PCR application.

4

Iowa Code section 822.6(1) provides:

Within thirty days after the docketing of the application, or 

within any further time the court may fix, the state shall respond by 

answer or by motion which may be supported by affidavits. At any 

time prior to entry of judgment the court may grant leave to withdraw 

the application. The court may make appropriate orders for 

amendment of the application or any pleading or motion, for pleading 

over, for filing further pleadings or motions, or for extending the time 

of the filing of any pleading. In considering the application the court 

shall take account of substance regardless of defects of form.
5

v. Iowa State Com. Comm’n, 366 N.W.2d 515, 519 (Iowa 1985). Iowa Code 

section 822.6(1) provides, “In considering the application the court shall take 

account of substance regardless of defects of form.” 

Iowa Code section 822.6 allows the district court to dismiss a PCR

application in limited circumstances: 

When a court is satisfied, on the basis of the application, the 

answer or motion, and the record, that the applicant is not entitled to 

postconviction relief and no purpose would be served by any further 

proceedings, the court may indicate to the parties its intention to 

dismiss the application and the reasons for dismissal. The applicant 

shall be given an opportunity to reply to the proposed dismissal. In 

light of the reply, or on default thereof, the court may order the 

application dismissed or grant leave to file an amended application 

or direct that the proceedings otherwise continue. Disposition on the 

pleadings and record is not proper if a material issue of fact exists.

(Emphases added.) 

The State “acknowledges that the court is to accept as true the allegations 

contained in [Morgan’s] pleading and all reasonable inferences in his favor drawn 

therefrom.” See Belk, 905 N.W.2d at 188 (“The application does not have to allege 

ultimate facts supporting each element of the cause of action, but it ‘must contain 

factual allegations that give the [State] “fair notice” of the claim asserted so the 

[State] can adequately respond to the application.’ The application meets the ‘fair 

notice’ requirement ‘if it informs the [State] of the [events] giving rise to the claim 

and of the claim’s general nature.’ We view the applicant’s allegations ‘in the light 

most favorable to the [applicant] with doubts resolved in that party’s favor.’”

(alterations in original) (internal citations omitted)). 

The essence of Morgan’s PCR application is that he is being unlawfully held 

in custody or unlawfully deprived of a liberty interest in the chance at parole by the 
6

AG’s failure to act on the board of parole’s notice of Morgan’s tentative discharge 

date.

5

 On appeal, Morgan summarizes:

This [PCR] appeal challenges the illegal and unconstitutional 

“slow-walk” of Appellant’s qualification for parole. Despite his having 

completed sex offender behavioral treatment, Appellant cannot

obtain a parole hearing due to the Board’s undue deference to Iowa 

[AG]’s position: before parole may be considered (the [AG]) must first 

decide whether or not to prosecute Appellant for involuntary

committal under Code chapter 229A.

The State asserts the dismissal was proper because “neither the parole 

release decisions nor chapter 229A civil commitment proceedings fall within the 

authority of the postconviction court to hear under Iowa Code section 822.2.” We 

agree. 

Morgan does not claim the department of corrections has failed to offer sex 

offender treatment program (SOTP) and thus does not fall within the court’s Belk

ruling. See 905 N.W.2d at 190–91 (noting “[w]e have allowed postconviction-relief 

actions to challenge SOTP classification decisions, work release revocations, and 

disciplinary actions involving a substantial deprivation of liberty or property 

interests” and holding “an inmate may proceed under Iowa Code 

section 822.2(1)(e) when alleging an unconstitutional denial of his or her liberty 

interest based on the [department of correction’s] failure to offer SOTP when SOTP 

is a necessary prerequisite to parole”). In fact, Morgan alleges he has completed 

SOTP. Rather, Morgan’s claim is directed at the AG’s office and its failure to 

decide whether it will seek to file a civil petition for Morgan’s commitment as a 

5 The allegations included in his motion to reconsider that parole release has been 

unlawfully revoked and the results of DNA profiling ordered pursuant to an 

application filed under section 81.10 would have changed the outcome of trial are 

not asserted on appeal, so we do not discuss them further. 
7

sexually violent predator under chapter 229A. He asserts the AG’s inaction is 

delaying the board of parole from considering him for parole because of the board’s 

undue deference. Even assuming the facts alleged by Morgan are true, we are 

not persuaded section 822.1 offers him a path to relief. See Doe v. State, 688 

N.W.2d 265, 268–71 (Iowa 2004) (affirming the dismissal of an inmate’s PCR 

application and rejecting claims that the chapter 229A process violated various 

constitutional rights).6 

In Belk, the court was not convinced by the State’s assertions that an 

administrative appeal was the proper way to challenge the SOTP issue because 

the court stated the applicant’s “complaint is really with the [the department of 

corrections] rather than the [board of parole].” 905 N.W.2d at 191; see also id. at 

192 (“[I]t is important to note, Belk’s claim is not about the actions of the [board of 

parole] in denying him parole. Rather, Belk is claiming the actions of the 

[department of corrections]—in delaying his access to SOTP based on his tentative 

discharge date and then recommending against his parole to the [board of parole]

because of his failure to complete SOTP—has unconstitutionally violated his 

6 The court wrote

We initially question the factual basis for Doe’s argument that 

he has been denied a timely decision on whether he qualifies for 

consideration for possible work release. Under the statute, prison 

officials are not required to initiate any inquiry regarding the inmate’s 

classification for [sexually violent predator act] purposes until ninety 

days prior to the inmate’s anticipated discharge date. Because Doe’s 

anticipated discharge date is not until December 29, 2005, the 

referral of his case to the attorney general was well before the ninety 

days provided by statute. Any deprivation of Doe’s consideration for 

early release has therefore been visited upon him by the statute—

not the DOC policy.

Doe, 688 N.W.2d at 268–69.
8

protected liberty interest.”). The same is not true here, so we affirm the dismissal 

of Morgan’s PCR application.

AFFIRMED.