Federal Register / Vol. 78, No. 66 / Friday, April 5, 2013 / Proposed Rules 20511 

1The Commission voted 2–1 to approve 

publication of this proposed rule. Chairman Inez M. 

Tenenbaum and Commissioner Robert S. Adler 

voted to approve publication, and Commissioner 

Nancy A. Nord voted against publication. 

Commissioner’s statements concerning this or any 

other Commission action may be viewed by clicking 

on a specific Commissioner’s name and selecting 

‘‘Statements’’ on the Commission’s Web site at 

http://www.cpsc.gov/en/About-CPSC/ 

Commissioners/, or obtained from the 

Commission’s Office of the Secretary. 

List of Subjects in 14 CFR Part 39 

Air transportation, Aircraft, Aviation 

safety, Incorporation by reference, 

Safety. 

The Proposed Amendment 

Accordingly, under the authority 

delegated to me by the Administrator, 

the FAA proposes to amend 14 CFR part 

39 as follows: 

PART 39—AIRWORTHINESS 

DIRECTIVES 

■ 1. The authority citation for part 39 

continues to read as follows: 

Authority: 49 U.S.C. 106(g), 40113, 44701. 

§ 39.13 [Amended] 

■ 2. The FAA amends § 39.13 by adding 

the following new airworthiness 

directive (AD): 

Rolls-Royce plc: Docket No. FAA–2013– 

0029; Directorate Identifier 2013–NE– 

01–AD. 

(a) Comments Due Date 

We must receive comments by June 4, 

2013. 

(b) Affected ADs 

None. 

(c) Applicability 

This AD applies to Rolls-Royce plc (RR) 

RB211–535E4–B–37 series turbofan engines. 

(d) Unsafe Condition 

This AD was prompted by recalculating the 

life of certain life limited parts operated to 

certain flight profiles. We are issuing this AD 

to prevent the failure of critical rotating parts, 

which could result in uncontained failure of 

the engine and damage to the airplane. 

(e) Compliance 

Comply with this AD within the 

compliance times specified, unless already 

done. 

(1) Within 30 days after the effective date 

of this AD for engines that have operated to 

Flight Profile D or E, recalculate the life of 

the low-pressure (LP) turbine disc stage 2, 

intermediate-pressure (IP) compressor rotor 

shaft (stage 1 to 6), high-pressure (HP) 

compressor rear rotor shaft assembly, and HP 

turbine disc installed on that engine. Use the 

part lives, prorated life formulas, and flight 

profiles in Appendices 2, 4, and 5 of RR Alert 

Non-Modification Service Bulletin (NMSB) 

No. RB.211–72–AG875, dated December 13, 

2012, to make that calculation. 

(2) Within 30 days after the effective date 

of this AD for engines that will operate to 

Flight Profile D or E, assign the Maximum 

Approved Lives defined in Appendix 2 of RR 

Alert NMSB No. RB.211–72–AG875, dated 

December 13, 2012, to the LP turbine disc 

Stage 2, IP compressor rotor shaft (stage 1 to 

6), HP compressor rear rotor shaft assembly, 

and HP turbine disc based on the flight 

profile that will be flown. 

(3) For engines that have only operated to, 

and will continue to operate to, Flight Profile 

C, as defined in Appendix 5 of RR Alert 

NMSB No. RB.211–72–AG875, dated 

December 13, 2012, no further action is 

required by this AD. 

(4) For engines that incorporate an LP 

turbine disc stage 2, IP compressor rotor shaft 

(stage 1 to 6), HP compressor rear rotor shaft 

assembly, or HP turbine disc whose part life 

is defined by paragraph (e)(1) of this AD that 

have an engine shop visit (ESV) after the 

effective date of this AD, remove each part 

from service before the part exceeds the part 

life assigned in paragraph (e)(2) of this AD. 

(5) For those engines that incorporate an 

LP turbine disc stage 2, IP compressor rotor 

shaft (stage 1 to 6), HP compressor rear rotor 

shaft assembly, or HP turbine disc whose part 

life is defined by paragraph (e)(1) of this AD, 

that do not have an ESV after the effective 

date of this AD before the part exceeds the 

part life assigned in paragraph (e)(2) of this 

AD, remove the part from service at the next 

ESV. 

(f) Installation Prohibition 

After the effective date of this AD, any LP 

turbine disc stage 2, IP compressor rotor shaft 

(stage 1 to 6), HP compressor rear rotor shaft 

assembly, or HP turbine disc whose part life 

is defined by paragraph (e)(1) of this AD that 

is re-installed in any engine after the effective 

date of this AD must be removed from service 

before the part exceeds the part life assigned 

in paragraph (e)(2) of this AD. 

(g) Definitions 

For the purpose of this AD, ESV is 

whenever engine maintenance performed 

prior to reinstallation requires the separation 

of a pair of major mating engine module 

flanges. Separation of flanges solely for the 

purpose of shipment without subsequent 

internal maintenance, is not an ESV. 

(h) Alternative Methods of Compliance 

(AMOCs) 

The Manager, Engine Certification Office, 

may approve AMOCs for this AD. Use the 

procedures found in 14 CFR 39.19 to make 

your request. 

(i) Related Information 

(1) For more information about this AD, 

contact Robert Green, Aerospace Engineer, 

Engine Certification Office, FAA, Engine & 

Propeller Directorate, 12 New England 

Executive Park, Burlington, MA 01803; 

email: robert.green@faa.gov; phone: 781– 

238–7754; fax: 781–238–7199. 

(2) Refer to EASA AD 2012–0265, dated 

December 18, 2012, for related information. 

(3) For service information identified in 

this AD, contact Rolls-Royce plc, Corporate 

Communications, P.O. Box 31, Derby, 

England, DE248BJ; phone: 011–44–1332– 

242424; fax: 011–44–1332–249936 or email 

from http://www.rolls-royce.com/contact/ 

civil_team.jsp, or download the publication 

from https://www.aeromanager.com. You 

may view this service information at the 

FAA, Engine & Propeller Directorate, 12 New 

England Executive Park, Burlington, MA. For 

information on the availability of this 

material at the FAA, call 781–238–7125. 

Issued in Burlington, Massachusetts, on 

March 29, 2013. 

Colleen M. D’Alessandro, 

Assistant Manager, Engine & Propeller 

Directorate, Aircraft Certification Service. 

[FR Doc. 2013–07935 Filed 4–4–13; 8:45 am] 

BILLING CODE 4910–13–P 

CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY 

COMMISSION 

16 CFR Parts 1112 and 1226 

[Docket No. CPSC–2013–0014] 

Safety Standard for Soft Infant and 

Toddler Carriers 

AGENCY: Consumer Product Safety 

Commission. 

ACTION: Notice of proposed rulemaking. 

SUMMARY: The Danny Keysar Child 

Product Safety Notification Act, Section 

104 of the Consumer Product Safety 

Improvement Act of 2008 (CPSIA), 

requires the United States Consumer 

Product Safety Commission 

(Commission or CPSC) to promulgate 

consumer product safety standards for 

durable infant or toddler products. 

These standards are to be ‘‘substantially 

the same as’’ applicable voluntary 

standards or more stringent than the 

voluntary standard if the Commission 

concludes that more stringent 

requirements would further reduce the 

risk of injury associated with the 

product. The Commission is proposing 

a safety standard for soft infant and 

toddler carriers in response to the 

direction under Section 104(b) of the 

CPSIA.1

DATES: Submit comments by June 19, 

2013. 

ADDRESSES: Comments related to the 

Paperwork Reduction Act aspects of the 

marking, labeling, and instructional 

literature of the proposed rule should be 

directed to the Office of Information and 

Regulatory Affairs, OMB, Attn: CPSC 

Desk Officer, FAX: 202–395–6974, or 

emailed to 

oira_submission@omb.eop.gov. 

Other comments, identified by Docket 

No. CPSC–2013–0014, may be 

submitted electronically or in writing: 


TKELLEY on DSK3SPTVN1PROD with PROPOSALS
20512 Federal Register / Vol. 78, No. 66 / Friday, April 5, 2013 / Proposed Rules 

Electronic Submissions: Submit 

electronic comments to the Federal 

eRulemaking Portal at: http:// 

www.regulations.gov. Follow the 

instructions for submitting comments. 

The Commission does not accept 

comments submitted by electronic mail 

(email), except through 

www.regulations.gov. The Commission 

encourages you to submit electronic 

comments by using the Federal 

eRulemaking Portal, as described above. 

Written Submissions: Submit written 

submissions in the following way: Mail/ 

Hand delivery/Courier (for paper, disk, 

or CD–ROM submissions), preferably in 

five copies, to: Office of the Secretary, 

Consumer Product Safety Commission, 

Room 820, 4330 East West Highway, 

Bethesda, MD 20814; telephone (301) 

504–7923. 

Instructions: All submissions received 

must include the agency name and 

docket number for this proposed 

rulemaking. All comments received may 

be posted without change, including 

any personal identifiers, contact 

information, or other personal 

information provided, to: http:// 

www.regulations.gov. Do not submit 

confidential business information, trade 

secret information, or other sensitive or 

protected information that you do not 

want to be available to the public. If 

furnished at all, such information 

should be submitted in writing. 

Docket: For access to the docket to 

read background documents or 

comments received, go to: http:// 

www.regulations.gov, and insert the 

docket number, CPSC–2013–0014, into 

the ‘‘Search’’ box, and follow the 

prompts. 

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: 

Gregory K. Rea, Project Manager, 

Director, Division of Mechanical 

Engineering, Directorate for Laboratory 

Sciences, Consumer Product Safety 

Commission, 5 Research Place, 

Rockville, MD 20850; telephone: 301– 

987–2258; email: grea@cpsc.gov. 

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: 

I. Background and Statutory Authority 

The Consumer Product Safety 

Improvement Act of 2008 (CPSIA, Pub 

Law 110–314) was enacted on August 

14, 2008. Section 104(b) of the CPSIA, 

part of the Danny Keysar Child Product 

Safety Notification Act, requires the 

Commission to: (1) Examine and assess 

the effectiveness of voluntary consumer 

product safety standards for durable 

infant or toddler products, in 

consultation with representatives of 

consumer groups, juvenile product 

manufacturers, and independent child 

product engineers and experts; and (2) 

promulgate consumer product safety 

standards for durable infant and toddler 

products. These standards are to be 

‘‘substantially the same as’’ applicable 

voluntary standards or more stringent 

than the voluntary standard if the 

Commission concludes that more 

stringent requirements would further 

reduce the risk of injury associated with 

the product. The term ‘‘durable infant or 

toddler product’’ is defined in section 

104(f)(1) of the CPSIA as ‘‘a durable 

product intended for use, or that may be 

reasonably expected to be used, by 

children under the age of 5 years.’’ 

In this document, the Commission is 

proposing a safety standard for soft 

infant and toddler carriers. ‘‘Infant 

carriers’’ are specifically identified in 

section 104(f)(2)(H) of the CPSIA as 

durable infant or toddler products. The 

Commission has identified at least four 

types of products that fall within the 

product category of ‘‘infant carriers,’’ 

including: Frame backpack carriers, 

handheld infant carriers, slings, and soft 

infant and toddler carriers. This 

proposed rule addresses hazards 

associated only with soft infant and 

toddler carriers. Recently, the 

Commission issued a proposed rule on 

handheld infant carriers (77 FR 73354 

(Dec. 10, 2012)). Hazards associated 

with frame backpack carriers and slings 

will be addressed separately in future 

rulemaking proceedings. 

Pursuant to Section 104(b)(1)(A), the 

Commission consulted with 

manufacturers, retailers, trade 

organizations, laboratories, consumer 

advocacy groups, consultants, and 

members of the public in the 

development of this proposed standard, 

largely through the ASTM process. The 

proposed rule is based on the voluntary 

standard developed by ASTM 

International (formerly the American 

Society for Testing and Materials), 

ASTM F2236–13, ‘‘Standard Consumer 

Safety Specification for Soft Infant and 

Toddler Carriers’’ (ASTM F2236–13), 

without alteration. The ASTM standard 

is copyrighted, but it can be viewed as 

a read-only document during the 

comment period on this proposal only, 

at: http://www.astm.org/cpsc.htm, by 

permission of ASTM. 

II. Product Description 

A. Definition of a Soft Infant and 

Toddler Carrier 

ASTM F2236–13 defines ‘‘soft infant 

and toddler carrier’’ as ‘‘a product, 

normally of sewn fabric construction, 

which is designed to contain a full term 

infant to a toddler, generally in an 

upright position, in close proximity to 

the caregiver.’’ Additionally, soft infant 

and toddler carriers are generally 

designed to carry a child ‘‘between 7 

and 45 pounds.’’ ASTM F2236–13 

explains that soft infant and toddler 

carriers are ‘‘normally ‘worn’ by the 

caregiver with a child positioned in the 

carrier and the weight of the child and 

carrier suspended from one or both 

shoulders of the caregiver. These 

products may be worn on the front, side, 

or back of the caregiver’s body, with the 

infant either facing towards or away 

from the caregiver.’’ Typically children 

are carried in soft infant and toddler 

carriers on the front of a caregiver, but 

some products on the market can be 

configured to carry a child upright on a 

caregiver’s front, back, or hip. 

Two broad classes of soft infant and 

toddler carriers are available in the 

United States: Structured and 

nonstructured. Structured soft infant 

and toddler carriers contain straps and 

waist belts that connect, to the seat area 

of the carrier and each other, with 

buckles, straps, and other mechanical 

fasteners. The straps, belts, and seating 

area of these products are often stiffened 

with padding and typically have a 

heavy textile covering. Nonstructured 

products, such as the mei-tai design, 

consist of a flat, textile center that acts 

as the seat area with waist straps and 

very long (5 to 6 feet) upper straps. The 

upper straps wrap over the caregiver’s 

shoulders, cross in the back, and are 

brought around the waist to the front of 

the caregiver. The upper straps are then 

secured over the child’s legs to form the 

leg openings and secure the child in an 

upright position. ASTM F2236–13 does 

not distinguish between products based 

on whether they are structured or 

nonstructured; requirements apply 

equally to all types of soft infant and 

toddler carriers. 

The definition of a ‘‘soft infant and 

toddler carrier’’ is intended to 

distinguish it from other types of infant 

carriers that are also worn by a caregiver 

but that are not covered under ASTM F– 

2236–13, specifically slings (including 

wraps), and framed backpack carriers. 

Soft infant and toddler carriers are 

designed to carry a child in an upright 

position. Slings are designed to carry a 

child in a reclined position; although 

some slings may also be used to carry 

a child upright. Thus, the primary 

distinction between a sling and a soft 

infant and toddler carrier is the sling’s 

design that allows for carrying a child 

in a reclined position. Different hazard 

patterns arise from carrying a child in a 

reclined position. Accordingly, slings 

are not included in the standard for soft 

infant and toddler carriers. Like soft 

infant and toddler carriers, framed 

backpack carriers are intended to carry 


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Federal Register / Vol. 78, No. 66 / Friday, April 5, 2013 / Proposed Rules 20513 

a child in an upright position, but are 

distinguishable because typically, they 

are constructed of sewn fabric over a 

rigid metal structure and are solely 

intended for carrying a child on the 

caregiver’s back. 

B. Market Description 

Soft infant and toddler carriers are 

generally produced and/or marketed by 

juvenile product manufacturers and 

distributors. Several of these firms focus 

exclusively on soft infant and toddler 

carriers, as well as substitute products, 

such as slings. CPSC staff believes that 

at least 39 firms supply soft infant and 

toddler carriers to the U.S. market. 

Thirty-one domestic firms supply soft 

infant and toddler carriers to the U.S. 

market: 15 are domestic manufacturers; 

eight are domestic importers; and the 

supply sources of eight domestic firms 

are unknown. Five foreign firms supply 

soft infant and toddler carriers to the 

U.S. market: three are foreign 

manufacturers; one is a foreign 

importer; and one firm has an unknown 

supply source. Insufficient information 

is available on the remaining three firms 

to categorize them. 

According to a 2005 survey conducted 

by the American Baby Group (2006 

Baby Products Tracking Study), 51 

percent of new mothers own soft infant 

and toddler carriers. Approximately 30 

percent of soft infant and toddler 

carriers were handed down or 

purchased secondhand, meaning that 

about 70 percent of the products were 

acquired new. This suggests that 

approximately 1.5 million soft infant 

and toddler carriers are sold to 

households annually (.51 × .70 × 4.1 

million births per year). Typically, soft 

infant and toddler carriers are used 

during a child’s first year, with some 

caregivers continuing to use these 

products into the second year. We 

estimate use into a child’s second year 

under the assumption that 

approximately 25–50 percent of 

caregivers continue to use these 

products. Based on data from the 2006 

Baby Products Tracking Study, 

approximately 2.1 million soft infant 

and toddler carriers are owned by new 

mothers. Thus, we estimate that 

approximately 2.6–3.2 million 

households have soft infant and toddler 

carriers available for use annually. 

III. Incident Data 

CPSC’s Directorate for Epidemiology, 

Division of Hazard Analysis is aware of 

93 incidents related to soft infant and 

toddler carriers—reported over a period 

of nearly 13 years—beginning in January 

1999 through early September 2012. 

Two incidents involved a fatality, and 

91 incidents were nonfatal. 

A. Fatalities 

Two suffocation fatalities were 

reported to CPSC from January 1999 to 

September 2012. The first fatality 

involved a 5-week-old male who fell 

asleep in the soft infant and toddler 

carrier after a feeding. About 20 minutes 

after the feeding, he appeared 

unresponsive. The official cause of 

death was listed as positional asphyxia. 

The second fatal incident occurred 

when a 2-month-old female fell asleep 

in a soft infant and toddler carrier worn 

by her parent. The parent lay down on 

a couch to sleep for the night while still 

wearing the carrier with the infant 

inside. The parent awoke the next 

morning to find the child unresponsive 

with her face pressed into the parent’s 

chest. Staff could not directly attribute 

the two reported fatalities to product 

design or mechanical failure of the soft 

infant and toddler carrier. 

B. Nonfatalities 

Approximately 33 percent (30) of the 

91 nonfatal incidents involved reports 

of an injury to an infant during use of 

a soft infant and toddler carrier. A 

majority of the injuries resulted from 

falls from the carrier. All of the injuries 

in which the age of the victim was 

available were reportedly sustained by 

infants who were 1 month to 13 months 

old. However, most of the incidents 

involved infants 6 months and younger. 

Although the remaining 61 nonfatal 

incidents reported that no injury had 

occurred, many of the descriptions 

indicated the potential for a serious 

injury or death. 

Eight of the nonfatal incident reports 

involved skull fractures as a result of the 

childfalling out of the product. Five 

skull fracture injuries reportedly 

required hospitalization; the three 

remaining skull fracture injury reports 

did not mention any hospitalizations. 

Some of the remaining injuries reported 

included: Collarbone and limb fractures, 

contusions, abrasions, blisters, and 

scratches. 

C. Hazard Pattern Identification 

The primary hazard associated with 

use of a soft infant and toddler carrier 

is falling, either caregivers falling while 

wearing the carrier and injuring the 

child in the carrier, or children falling 

or facing the risk of falling from the 

carrier due to fastener problems, large 

leg openings, stitching or seam 

problems, or straps that slip. A majority 

of the reported incidents summarized in 

Table 1 below, and all seven of the 

recalls described in section III.E, 

involved an actual fall or potential risk 

of a child falling from a carrier. 

Staff classified the 93 reported 

incidents by the issues—product 

feature, design element, or failure— 

primarily responsible for the incident 

and summarized this data in Table 1, 

below. An explanation of the categories 

represented in Table 1 follows. 

Fastener problems: Twenty-five of the 

93 incidents (27 percent) were related to 

fastener problems, such as snaps 

breaking/unexpectedly releasing, or 

buckles breaking/detaching/pinching/ 

unexpectedly releasing. Six injuries, but 

no fatalities, were included among these 

reports. 

Structure, fit, and position issues: 

Fourteen of the 93 incidents (15 

percent) were related to aspects of the 

leg- and torso-opening design, how the 

carrier held the infant, and where the 

carrier was positioned on the caregiver. 

Examples of scenarios reported include: 

An infant slipping down far into the 

carrier and suffering an injury when the 

caregiver went into a bent position; an 

infant falling out of the carrier when the 

caregiver bent forward; and leg 

circulation-related injuries. There were 

10 injuries reported in this category. No 

reported fatalities were associated with 

this issue. 

Problems with large leg openings: 

Twelve of the 93 incidents (13 percent) 

were related to leg openings that were 

too large and that allowed the infant to 

slip through completely and fall out of 

the carrier. While there were no 

fatalities among these reports, there 

were seven injuries; three involved 

infants who were hospitalized for skull 

fractures. 

Issues with stitching/seams: Ten 

reports (11 percent) were received about 

stitching on the carrier coming undone 

or seams ripping, resulting in other 

components, like straps, detaching and 

creating a fall hazard. One injury was 

included among these reports. 

Design and finish-related issues: Eight 

reports (nine percent) of inadequate 

back support, rough fabric, poor air flow 

in the carrier insert, and other design 

issues were received. No fatalities were 

noted, but two injuries were associated 

with these issues. 

Strap issues: Eight incidents (nine 

percent) reported issues with straps, 

mostly about the adjuster breaking or 

slipping. No injuries or fatalities were 

reported in this category. 

Other issues: Eleven reports (12 

percent) were related to issues other 

than those described above. Two 

fatalities and four injuries, including 

two hospitalizations, were reported in 

this category. The two fatalities—one 

case of a parent falling asleep while 


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wearing the carrier with the infant 

inside, and the other case of an infant 

suffering respiratory distress while 

being carried around facing in—are 

included in this category. In each case, 

CPSC staff concluded that there were 

too many confounding factors reported 

to determine that a specific factor 

contributed predominantly to the 

deaths. The remaining reports were of 

unspecified falls, an nonspecific 

abrasion injury, and an incidental injury 

to the infant, due to a caregiver’s fall. 

TABLE 1—DISTRIBUTION OF REPORTED INCIDENTS BY HAZARD PATTERNS ASSOCIATED WITH SOFT INFANT AND TODDLER

CARRIERS REPORTING PERIOD: JANUARY 1, 1999–SEPTEMBER 10, 2012 

Issues 

Total reports Deaths Injuries 

Count Percentage Count Percentage Count Percentage 

Mechanical Issues ................................... 77 83 0 0 26 87 

Fasteners .......................................... 25 27 0 0 6 20 

Structure, fit, and position ................. 14 15 0 0 10 33 

Large leg openings ........................... 12 13 0 0 1 7 23 

Stitching/seams ................................. 10 11 0 0 1 3 

Design and finish .............................. 8 9 0 0 2 7 

Straps ................................................ 8 9 0 0 0 0 

Other ........................................................ 11 12 2 100 2 4 13 

Consumer Comments .............................. 5 5 0 0 0 0 

Total ........................................... 93 100 2 100 30 100 

Source: U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission’s epidemiological databases IPII, INDP, and DTHS. 

Note: The percentages have been rounded to the 2nearest integer. Subtotals do not necessarily add to heading totals. 1 (3 hosp.). 

2 (2 hosp.). 

D. NEISS Data 

In addition to the 93 incident reports 

received by the Commission, we 

estimated the number of injuries treated 

in U.S. hospital emergency departments 

using the CPSC’s National Electronic 

Injury Surveillance System (NEISS). We 

estimate that over a 13-year-period, a 

total of 1,400 injuries related to soft 

infant and toddler carriers were treated 

in U.S. hospital emergency departments 

from 1999 through 2011. Because 

CPSC’s NEISS data for 2012 will be 

finalized in spring 2013, partial 

estimates for 2012 are not available. The 

injury estimates for individual years are 

based on very small samples and are not 

reportable. According to the NEISS 

publication criteria, an estimate must be 

1,200 or greater, the sample size must be 

20 or greater, and the coefficient of 

variation must be 33 percent or smaller. 

Moreover, due to the unreliability of the 

yearly estimates, a trend analysis is not 

feasible. 

No fatalities were reported through 

NEISS. Although data extraction criteria 

included ages up to 4 years, all of the 

injured children were reported to be less 

than 2 years of age. A breakdown of the 

characteristics among the emergency 

department-treated injuries associated 

with soft infant and toddler carriers is 

presented in the bullets below. 

• Hazard—Getting struck while in the 

carrier when caregiver fell (65%); falling 

out of the carrier (21%). 

• Injured body part—Head (63%); 

face (11%). 

• Injury type—Internal organ injury 

(48%); contusions/abrasions (19%); and 

fractures (12%). 

• Disposition—Treated and released 

(79%); hospitalized (10%); and treated 

and transferred (9%). 

E. Product Recalls 

Seven product safety recalls, recalling 

652,250 units, were announced between 

January 1, 1999 and June 17, 2010 that 

involved a fall hazard related to use of 

a soft infant and toddler carrier. These 

recalls related to 130 incident reports 

received by the CPSC. A breakdown of 

the specific product defect necessitating 

the recall, product units involved, and 

the number of incident reports received 

is presented in the chart below. At the 

time the products were recalled, nine 

infants had been injured significantly in 

incidents that ranged from bruises to 

skull fractures. Additional information 

on these recalls can be found on the 

Commission’s Web sites at: 

www.cpsc.gov or 

www.saferproducts.gov. 

SOFT INFANT AND TODDLER CARRIER RECALL SUMMARY

[January 1, 1999 through June 17, 2010] 

Manufacturer Model Year 

recalled 

Units 

recalled Reason Incident reports Injury reports 

Evenflo Company & 

Hufco-Delaware, Inc..

Model 070 & 080 

Snugli® Front and 

Back PackTM.

1999 327,000 .... Infant shifts to side & 

slips through leg 

opening, falls out.

13 One—fractured skull; 

two—bruises. 

Baby Swede, LLC ......... Baby Bjorn ................... 1999 240,000 

(Recall 

to Repair).

Infants slip through leg 

openings—fall. Infants < 2 months— 

highest risk.

9 Six fractured skulls. 

Baby Swede, LLC ......... Baby Bjorn Carrier Active.2004 49,000 ...... Back support buckles 

detach from shoulder 

straps—pose fall hazard.

93 No injuries reported. 


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Federal Register / Vol. 78, No. 66 / Friday, April 5, 2013 / Proposed Rules 20515 

SOFT INFANT AND TODDLER CARRIER RECALL SUMMARY—Continued 

[January 1, 1999 through June 17, 2010] 

Manufacturer Model Year 

recalled 

Units 

recalled Reason Incident reports Injury reports 

Playtex Products, Inc .... Playtex Hip Hammock 2005 32,000 ..... Shoulder strap detaches from Hammock, posing fall 

hazard.

2 No injuries reported. 

Beco Baby Carrier, Inc Beco Baby Carrier Butterfly.2008 2,000 ....... Shoulder strap buckles 

unexpectedly release 

tension—straps slip 

through—pose fall 

hazard.

8 No injuries reported. 

Optave, Inc ................... Action Baby Carrier ...... 2008 250 .......... Chest strap can detach 

from shoulder straps, 

posing fall hazard to 

infant.

2 No injuries reported. 

Regal Lager, Inc ........... CYBEX 2. GO Infant 

Carriers.

2010 2,700 U.S. 

400 Canada 

Shoulder strap slider 

buckle can break, 

posing fall hazard to 

infant.

3 No injuries reported. 

IV. Soft Infant and Toddler Carrier 

International Standard and ASTM 

Voluntary Standard 

Section 104(b)(1)(A) of the CPSIA 

requires the Commission to consult 

representatives of ‘‘consumer groups, 

juvenile product manufacturers, and 

independent child product engineers 

and experts’’ to ‘‘examine and assess the 

effectiveness of any voluntary consumer 

product safety standards for durable 

infant or toddler products.’’ As a result 

of fall-related incidents and recalls of 

soft infant and toddler carriers, CPSC 

staff previously requested ASTM to 

develop voluntary requirements to 

address the hazards related to large leg 

openings. Through the ASTM process, 

we consulted with manufacturers, 

retailers, trade organizations, 

laboratories, consumer advocacy groups, 

consultants, and members of the public. 

The voluntary standard for soft infant 

carriers was first approved and 

published in April 2003, as ASTM 

F2236–03, Standard Consumer Safety 

Performance Specification for Soft 

Infant Carriers. It has been revised six 

times since then. The current version, 

ASTM F2236–13, renamed Standard 

Consumer Safety Performance 

Specification for Soft Infant and 

Toddler Carriers, was approved on 

March 1, 2013 and published in March 

2013. 

In addition to reviewing the ASTM 

standard, we reviewed the only 

international standard for soft infant 

carriers of which we are aware, 

EN13209–2:2005 Child Use and Care 

Articles—Baby Carriers—Safety 

Requirements and Test Methods—Part 

2: Soft Carrier. 

A. International Standard 

CPSC evaluated requirements in 

ASTM F2236–13 and EN13209–2:2005 

and determined that the requirements in 

ASTM F2236–13 are more stringent 

than EN13209–2:2005, and that they 

address the incidents seen in the data 

and reduce the risk of injury from these 

products. The few EN13209–2:2005 

requirements without an ASTM F2236– 

13 counterpart address hazard patterns 

not found in the incident reports 

considered for this proposed rule. 

B. Voluntary Standard—ASTM F2236 

1. History of ASTM F2236 

Initially, ASTM F2236–03 addressed 

falls related to large leg openings. The 

standard’s bounded leg opening 

performance requirement limited the 

size of the leg opening to prevent infants 

from falling through large adjustable leg 

openings. The standard also established 

requirements to address sharp points 

and edges, small parts, lead in paints, 

wood parts, locking and latching of 

fasteners, dynamic load testing, static 

load testing, and product labeling. The 

scope of the standard was based on the 

manufacturers’ recommended use of the 

product with infants weighing 7 to 25 

pounds. 

The next update of the voluntary 

standard was published in March 2008. 

ASTM F2236–03 addressed fall issues 

with bounded leg openings that were 

too large but did not consider the ability 

of an unbounded leg opening to retain 

the occupant. An unbounded leg 

opening is created by placing the soft 

carrier on a caregiver’s torso, with a leg 

opening circumference comprised of 

carrier materials and the caregiver’s 

torso. Accordingly, to address 

additional fall hazards, an unbounded 

leg opening performance requirement 

was added to ASTM F2236–08. ASTM 

F2236–08a was published in November 

2008, to add general requirements 

included in other ASTM standards for 

durable children’s products that address 

hazards associated with toy accessories 

and flammability. 

ASTM F2236–09 was published in 

April 2009. The statement that the child 

occupant must face the caregiver until 

the child can hold its head upright was 

moved in this version of the standard 

from the warning label to be an 

informational statement. ASTM F2236– 

10, published in December 2010, 

clarified further that the informational 

statement for a child to face the 

caregiver until the child can hold its 

head upright was unnecessary for soft 

infant carriers that have only one use 

position with the child facing the 

caregiver. 

ASTM F2236–12 was published in 

December 2012. Several sections of the 

voluntary standard were revised based 

on input from CPSC staff. The scope 

was expanded to increase the upper 

weight limit of products within the 

scope of the standard from 25 to 45 

pounds and to include specifically in 

the title of the standard the word 

‘‘toddler.’’ ASTM F2236–12 also 

included a new definition in the 

terminology section of the standard for 

‘‘carrying position,’’ to clarify 

procedures for dynamic and static load 

testing. Finally, the test methods for 

dynamic Noand static load testing were 

modified to increase the weight load 

required for testing to ensure adequate 

testing of products that are designed to 

carry heavier children. 


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2. Description of the Current Voluntary 

Standard—ASTM F2236–13 

ASTM F2236–13 was published in 

March 2013. Together with the changes 

described in ASTM F2236–12, ASTM 

F2236–13 reflects the most significant 

revisions to the standard, to date. 

Revisions include modified and new 

requirements developed by CPSC staff, 

working with stakeholders on the ASTM 

subcommittee task group, to address the 

hazards associated with soft infant and 

toddler carriers. ASTM F2236–13 

includes the following key provisions: 

Scope, terminology, general 

requirements, performance 

requirements, test methods, marking 

and labeling, and instructional 

literature. 

Scope. The scope of the standard was 

updated in December 2012, to broaden 

the upper weight limit from 25 to 45 

pounds for products falling within the 

standard. Expanding the scope of the 

standard ensures that all soft infant and 

toddler carrier products currently on the 

market are covered by the standard. The 

name of the standard was altered at the 

same time to include the word 

‘‘toddler,’’ to clarify that toddlers can 

also be carried in these products. The 

scope of the standard also distinguishes 

soft infant and toddler carriers from 

other wearable infant carrier products, 

by describing that soft infant and 

toddler carriers are ‘‘normally of sewn 

fabric construction,’’ hold the child 

‘‘generally in an upright position,’’ and 

‘‘may be worn on the front, side, or back 

of the caregiver’s body.’’ Finally, the 

scope of the standard states that it does 

not apply to infant slings. 

Terminology. Section 3.1 of the 

standard includes 14 definitions that 

help to explain general and performance 

requirements. Section 3.1.7 of the 

standard explains that a ‘‘leg opening’’ 

is the ‘‘opening in the soft carrier 

through which the occupant’s legs 

extend when the product is used in the 

manufacturer’s recommended use 

position.’’ Sections 3.1.4 and 3.1.13 of 

ASTM F2236–13, respectively, explain 

that a ‘‘dynamic load’’ is the 

‘‘application of impulsive force through 

free fall of a weight,’’ and that a ‘‘static 

load’’ is a ‘‘vertically downward force 

applied by a calibrated force gage or by 

dead weights.’’ A new definition for 

‘‘carrying position’’ was added in ASTM 

F2236–12, to clarify methods for 

dynamic and static load testing in 

section 7 of the standard. Also, a new 

definition for ‘‘fastener’’ was included 

in ASTM F2236–13, to aid in a new test 

for fastener strength and strap retention. 

General Requirements. ASTM F2236– 

13 includes general requirements that 

the products must meet, as well as 

specified test methods to ensure 

compliance with the general 

requirements, which include: 

• Restrictions on sharp points or 

edges, as defined by 16 CFR §§ 1500.48 

and .49; 

• Restrictions on small parts, as 

defined by 16 CFR part 1501; 

• Restrictions on lead in paint, as set 

forth in 16 CFR part 1303; 

• Requirements for locking and 

latching devices; 

• Requirements for permanent 

warning labels; 

• Restrictions on flammability, as set 

forth in 16 CFR part 1610; 

• Requirements for toy accessories, as 

set forth in ASTM F 963. 

The flammability requirement in 

section 5.7 of the standard was changed 

in ASTM F2236–13 from a flammable 

solids requirement (16 CFR 

1500.3(c)(6)(vi)) to meet the more 

stringent flammability requirement for 

wearing apparel (16 CFR part 1610). The 

flammability requirement was altered to 

be consistent with other wearable infant 

carriers made of sewn fabric, such as 

slings, to prevent a foreseeable fire 

hazard in all wearable infant carriers. 

Performance Requirements and Test 

Methods. ASTM F2236–13 provides 

performance requirements and test 

methods that are designed to protect 

against falls from the carrier due to large 

leg openings, breaking fasteners or 

seams, and straps that slip, including: 

Leg Openings—Tested leg openings 

must not permit passage of a test sphere 

weighing 5 pounds that is 14.75 inches 

in circumference. 

Dynamic and Static Load—Beginning 

with the 2012 version of ASTM F2236, 

the dynamic load test was strengthened 

from requiring a 25-lb. shot bag to be 

dropped, free fall, from 1 inch above the 

seat area onto the carrier seat 1,000 

times, to requiring testing with a 25-lb, 

shot bag, or a shot bag equal to the 

manufacturer’s maximum occupant 

weight limit, whichever is heavier. Also, 

the static load test was altered from 

requiring a 75-lb. weight for testing, to 

requiring a 75-lb. weight, or a weight 

equal to three times the manufacturer’s 

recommended maximum occupant 

weight, whichever is greater, to be 

placed in the seat area of the carrier for 

1 minute. This revision means that 

products with a maximum 

recommended weight of 45 pounds 

must be tested to a 135-pound weight 

instead of 75 pounds, an 80 percent 

increase in the severity of the 

requirement. 

Testing with the new required loads 

must not result in a ‘‘hazardous 

condition,’’ as defined in the general 

requirements, or result in a structural 

failure, such as fasteners breaking or 

disengaging, or seams separating when 

tested in accordance with the dynamic 

and static load testing methods. 

Additionally, dynamic and static load 

testing must not result in adjustable 

sections of support/shoulder straps 

slipping more than 1 inch per strap from 

their original adjusted position after 

testing. 

Fastener Strength and Strap 

Retention—ASTM F2236–13 added a 

new component-level performance 

requirement to evaluate the strength of 

fasteners and strap retention to help 

prevent falls. Products recalled due to 

an occupant fall hazard were caused by 

broken fasteners that passed the static 

and dynamic performance requirements 

in ASTM F2236–10. Accordingly, the 

new performance requirement, section 

6.4 of ASTM F2236–13, states that loadbearing fasteners at the shoulder and 

waist of soft infant and toddler carriers, 

such as buckles, loops, and snaps, may 

not break or disengage, nor may their 

straps slip more than 1 inch when 

subjected to an 80-pound pull force. 

Adjustable leg opening fasteners must 

also be tested, but are subjected to lower 

loads, a 45-pound pull force, because 

these fasteners do not carry the same 

load as fasteners at the shoulders and 

waist. When tested, fasteners must not 

break or disengage, and adjustable 

elements must not slip more than 1 

inch. 

Unbounded Leg Opening—ASTM 

F2236–13 clarifies the unbounded leg 

opening test procedure to improve test 

repeatability. An unbounded leg 

opening must not allow complete 

passage of a truncated test cone that is 

4.7 inches long, with a major diameter 

of 4.7 inches and a minor diameter of 

3 inches. The test cone is pulled 

through the leg opening with a 5-pound 

force for 1 minute. 

Marking, Labeling, and Instructional 

Literature. ASTM F2236–13 requires 

that each product and its retail package 

be marked or labeled with certain 

information and warnings. The warning 

label requirement was updated to 

address fall and suffocation hazards. 

The warning label must provide a fall 

hazard statement addressing that infants 

can fall through wide leg openings or 

out of the carrier. The following fallrelated warnings must be addressed on 

the warning label: adjust leg openings to 

fit baby’s legs snugly; before each use, 

make sure all [fasteners/knots] are 

secure; take special care when leaning 

or walking; never bend at waist, bend at 

knees; only use this carrier for children 

between __ lbs. and __ lbs. Additionally, 

a suffocation hazard statement must 


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address that infants under 4 months old 

can suffocate in the carrier if the child’s 

face is pressed tightly against the 

caregiver’s body. The warning label 

must also address the following 

suffocation-related warnings: do not 

strap infant too tightly against your 

body; allow room for head movement; 

keep infant’s face free from obstructions 

at all times. Products must also contain 

an informational statement that a child 

must face toward the caregiver until he 

or she can hold his or her head upright. 

Instructional literature must be 

provided with all products that 

includes: assembly, use, maintenance 

and cleaning, and required warnings. 

Additionally, ASTM F2236–13 now 

includes an example warning label that 

identifies more clearly the hazards, the 

consequences of ignoring the warning, 

and what to do to avoid the hazards. 

The format of the label was designed to 

convey more effectively these warnings 

to the caregiver (Fig. 1). The rectangular 

shape of this label may be altered to fit 

on shoulder straps, if the manufacturer 

chooses not to place label in the 

occupant space; however, the label must 

be placed in a prominent and 

conspicuous location where the 

caregiver will see it when placing the 

soft infant and toddler carrier on their 

body. 

V. Assessment of Voluntary Standard 

ASTM F2236–13 

In this section of the preamble, we 

evaluate ASTM F2236–13 to determine 

whether adopting this voluntary 

standard as a mandatory standard will 

address the incidents described in 

section III of this preamble, or whether 

more stringent standards are required to 

reduce further the risk of injury 

associated with soft infant and toddler 

carriers. 

A. Large Leg Openings 

Twenty-three percent of the injuries 

(7 of 30), including three 

hospitalizations, were caused when a 

child fell out of a large leg opening. The 

last incident occurred in 2005, 

involving a product purchased initially 

in 2000. The prevalence of this hazard 

led to product recalls in 1999 (see 

section III.E above) and led to the 

creation of ASTM F2236, whose first 

performance requirement (6.1 and 

corresponding test 7.1) was developed 

to limit the size of a soft infant and 

toddler carrier leg opening. New reports 

involving the large leg opening hazard 

ceased within 2 years of the first version 

of ASTM F2236’s publication in 2003. 

This, combined with CPSC detailed 

incident reviews, lead us to conclude 

that the current ASTM standard 

adequately addresses the large leg 

opening hazard scenario. 

B. Structure, Fit, and Position 

Thirty-three percent of injuries 

reported to the CPSC (10 of 30) were 

related to the structure of the occupant 

seat area; fit of the occupant in the 

carrier; and the position of the soft 

infant and toddler carrier or the position 

of the wearer, or the position of the 

child in the seat area. These incidents 

occurred, for example, when an infant 

tucked down into the carrier and the 

caregiver bent at the waist breaking the 

child’s leg; an infant fell out of the top 

of the carrier when the caregiver bent 

forward abrasions and/or blisters on 

infants from prolonged rubbing against 

the carrier while in use; and when 

infants suffered leg circulation-related 

injuries. New language in ASTM F2236– 

13 requires that warning labels address 

ensuring that fasteners and knots are 

secure before each use, taking special 

care when leaning or walking, and 

bending at the knees, not at the waist, 

while wearing the carrier. The standard 

also includes requirements on the 

format of the label to enhance the label’s 

effectiveness (Fig. 1). 

Updated warning language on the 

product and in the instructional 

literature may address hazards arising 

from structure, fit, and position 

problems if consumers read, 

understand, and comply with the 

warnings. The diverse size of potential 

occupants, the broadrange of caregiver 

sizes and shapes, and numerous 

possible motions and activities that 

could lead to injury cannot be reliably 

replicated in a laboratory setting, 

making development of a repeatable test 

for structure, fit, and position types of 

injuries prohibitively difficult. A 

warning label would likely not address 

the hazard with circulation-related 

injuries because that hazard may be due 

to a design issue. The Commission will 


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continue to study incoming reports of 

leg circulation-related injuries and 

determine whether any additional 

action is necessary. 

C. Fasteners 

Twenty percent of the injuries (6 of 

30) were caused by fastener failures 

when a fastener suddenly broke or 

separated and the child fell to the 

ground. Although no hospitalizations 

resulted from breaking fasteners, three 

children suffered fractured collarbones, 

along with contusions and abrasions to 

heads and faces. The caregiver in a 

majority of the incidents was able to 

catch the child and prevent a fall. 

Fastener failures led to four of the five 

voluntary product recalls conducted 

since 2005. 

ASTM F2236–13 addresses the 

hazards posed by fastener failures with 

a new performance requirement for 

fastener strength and strap retention, 

published in section 6.4 and a new test 

in section 7.7. New requirements state 

that all load-bearing fasteners, such as 

buckles, loops, and snaps may not break 

or disengage, nor may their straps slip 

more than 1 inch, when an 80-pound 

pull force is applied across the 

fasteners. An exception is made for 

adjustable leg opening fasteners, which 

must be subjected to a 45-pound pull 

force. Adjustable leg opening fasteners 

see substantially less load than other 

load-bearing fasteners during 

foreseeable use and abuse, such as 

fasteners securing shoulder and waist 

straps. The fastener strength and strap 

retention requirements do not apply to 

non-load-bearing fasteners that attach 

accessories, such as bibs, rain hoods, 

and toys to the soft infant and toddler 

carrier. The Commission believes that 

the inclusion of this new requirement in 

ASTM F2236–13 will adequately 

address the fall hazard related to 

fastener failures. 

D. Design and Finish 

Seven percent of the soft infant and 

toddler injuries (2 of 30) are attributable 

to design and finish issues. Complaints 

include inadequate back support, rough 

fabric, poor air flow in the carrier insert, 

and one report of high lead levels in a 

zipper pull. The injuries consist of a 

pinched finger and a cut on the nose. 

ASTM F2236–13 includes language 

prohibiting sharp points and edges, but 

the standard does not specifically 

mention pinching. A pinching-shearingscissoring hazard exists typically in 

products with rigid parts that move past 

one another; such a hazard does not 

generally exist with soft products. No 

changes to the voluntary standard for 

design and finish issues are 

recommended at this time. Section 101 

of the CPSIA requires that children’s 

products, such as soft infant and toddler 

carriers, not contain lead content in 

excess of 100 parts per million. 

Accordingly, such requirement does not 

need to be repeated in ASTM F2236–13. 

E. Stitching/Seams 

Although only three percent of the 

injuries (1 of 30) involve stitching and 

seams, 11 percent of the total soft infant 

carrier reports (10 of 93) describe 

incidents in which stitching became 

undone or seams ripped, resulting in 

other components, like straps, becoming 

detached. One injury was reported 

when a seam failed, causing a 4-monthold child to fall and receive minor 

contusions. The new fastener strength 

test, and the more stringent dynamic 

and static load tests in sections 7.7 and 

7.2 of ASTM F2236–13, respectively, all 

apply loads to soft infant and toddler 

carrier seams and sewn attachment 

points. The Commission believes that 

incidents related to ripping seams are 

adequately addressed by these new 

requirements in the voluntary standard, 

and therefore, we are not proposing any 

additional changes at this time. 

F. Straps 

Although there were no injuries 

related to soft infant carrier straps, nine 

percent of the reported incidents (8 of 

93) involve issues with straps. The 

problems reported include broken strap 

length adjustment mechanisms and 

straps that permit unexpected slippage. 

The new fastener strength and strap 

retention requirements, and the more 

stringent dynamic and static load tests 

in sections 7.7 and 7.2 of ASTM F2236– 

13, respectively, all apply loads to soft 

infant and toddler carrier straps, and 

require that they not break or allow 

more than 1 inch of slippage. 

Accordingly, the Commission believes 

that incidents related to breaking and 

slipping straps are adequately addressed 

by these new requirements in the 

voluntary standard and is not proposing 

any additional changes at this time. 

G. Other 

Thirteen percent of the injury reports 

(4 of 30), including two deaths, contain 

insufficient information for the CPSC to 

determine the exact nature of the 

product’s contribution to the incident. 

This category includes two fatalities and 

four injuries, including two 

hospitalizations. The two fatalities 

discussed above in section III.A, both 

involving suffocation, are included in 

this category. In each case, CPSC staff 

concluded that there were too many 

confounding factors reported to 

determine that a specific factor 

contributed predominantly to the 

deaths. ASTM F2236–13 does, however, 

address in the warning label 

requirements a suffocation hazard 

arising from use of soft infant and 

toddler carriers. The new warning label 

requirements state that products must 

address the fact that infants under 4 

months old can suffocate if their face is 

too tight against a caregiver’s body, and 

the label also advises caregivers not to 

strap the infant too tightly against the 

body to allow room for head movement 

and to keep an infant’s face free from 

obstruction at all times. 

VI. Effective Date 

The Administrative Procedure Act 

(APA) generally requires that the 

effective date of the rule be at least 30 

days after publication of the final rule. 

5 U.S.C. 553(d). To allow time for 

manufacturers of soft infant and toddler 

products to come into compliance, the 

Commission proposes that the standard 

become effective 6 months after 

publication of a final rule in the Federal 

Register. The Commission invites 

comment on whether 6 months will be 

sufficient time for soft infant and 

toddler carrier manufacturers to come 

into compliance with the rule. 

VII. Regulatory Flexibility Act 

A. Introduction 

The Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA) 

requires that proposed rules be 

reviewed for their potential economic 

impact on small entities, including 

small businesses. Section 603 of the 

RFA generally requires that CPSC staff 

prepare an initial regulatory flexibility 

analysis and make it available to the 

public for comment when the general 

notice of proposed rulemaking is 

published. The initial regulatory 

flexibility analysis must describe the 

impact of the proposed rule on small 

entities and identify any alternatives 

that may reduce the impact. 

Specifically, the initial regulatory 

flexibility analysis must contain: 

• A description of, and where 

feasible, an estimate of the number of 

small entities to which the proposed 

rule will apply; 

• a description of the reasons why 

action by the agency is being 

considered; 

• a succinct statement of the 

objectives of, and legal basis for, the 

proposed rule; 

• a description of the projected 

reporting, recordkeeping, and other 

compliance requirements of the 

proposed rule, including an estimate of 

the classes of small entities subject to 


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2Staff made these determinations using 

information from Dun & Bradstreet and Reference 

USAGov, as well as firm Web sites. 

3The data collected for the Baby Products 

Tracking Study does not represent an unbiased 

statistical sample. The sample of 3,600 new and 

expectant mothers is drawn from American Baby 

magazine’s mailing lists. Also, because the most 

recent survey information is from 2005, it may not 

reflect the current market. 

4The data on secondhand products for new 

mothers was not available. Instead, data for new 

mothers and experienced mothers were combined 

and broken down into first-time mothers and 

experienced mothers. Data for first-time mothers 

and experienced mothers have been averaged to 

calculate the approximate percentage of soft infant 

and toddler carriers that were handed down or 

purchased secondhand. 

5U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 

National Center for Health Statistics, National Vital 

Statistics System, ‘‘Births: Final Data for 2009,’’ 

National Vital Statistics Reports Volume 60, 

Number 1 (November 2011): Table I. Number of live 

births in 2009 is rounded from 4,130,665. 

the requirements and the types of 

professional skills necessary for the 

preparation of reports or records; and 

• identification, to the extent 

possible, of all relevant federal rules 

which may duplicate, overlap, or 

conflict with the proposed rule. 

B. Market for Soft Infant and Toddler 

Carriers 

Soft infant and toddler carriers are 

generally produced and/or marketed by 

juvenile product manufacturers and 

distributors. Several of these firms focus 

exclusively on soft infant and toddler 

carriers, as well as substitute products, 

such as slings. CPSC staff believes that 

there are at least 39 suppliers to the U.S. 

market. Thirty-one domestic firms 

supply soft infant and toddler carriers to 

the U.S. market: 15 are domestic 

manufacturers; eight are domestic 

importers; and the supply sources of 

eight domestic firms are unknown. Five 

foreign firms supply soft infant and 

toddler carriers to the U.S. market: three 

are foreign manufacturers; one is a 

foreign importer; and one firm has an 

unknown supply source. Insufficient 

information is available to categorize the 

remaining three firms.2

According to a 2005 survey conducted 

by the American Baby Group (2006 

Baby Products Tracking Study), 51 

percent of new mothers own soft infant 

and toddler carriers.3 Approximately 30 

percent of soft infant and toddler 

carriers were handed down or 

purchased secondhand.4 Thus, about 70 

percent of soft infant and toddler 

carriers were acquired new. This 

suggests that approximately 1.5 million 

soft infant and toddler carriers are sold 

to households annually (.51 × .70 × 4.1 

million births per year).5

Many soft infant and toddler carriers 

have expanded their maximum weight 

limits in recent years to accommodate 

older children. Staff believes, however, 

that most adult users would not be 

comfortable carrying older, heavier 

children in soft infant and toddler 

carriers. This belief is supported by a 

lack of incident data for children over 

2 years old. It appears that soft infant 

and toddler carriers are used during a 

child’s first year, with some caregivers 

continuing to use these products into 

the second year. We do not know the 

proportion who continues to use these 

products into the second year; 

accordingly, we estimate risk under the 

assumption that approximately 25–50 

percent will do so. Based on data from 

the 2006 Baby Products Tracking Study, 

approximately 2.1 million soft infant 

and toddler carriers are owned by new 

mothers. Therefore, approximately 2.6– 

3.2 million households have soft infant 

and toddler carriers available for use 

annually. Based on Epidemiology staff’s 

estimate of 1,400 injuries treated 

nationally in emergency departments 

from 1999 to 2011, it is estimated that 

an average of 108 emergency 

department-treated injuries involving 

children under age 2 related to soft 

infant and toddler carriers are treated 

annually. Therefore, about 0.34–0.40 

emergency department-treated injuries 

may occur annually for every 10,000 

soft infant and toddler carriers available 

for use in the households of new (and 

second year) mothers. 

C. Reason for Agency Action and Legal 

Basis for the Draft Proposed Rule 

The Danny Keysar Child Product 

Safety Notification Act, section 104 of 

the CPSIA, requires the CPSC to 

promulgate mandatory standards that 

are substantially the same as, or more 

stringent than, the voluntary standard 

for a durable infant or toddler product. 

CPSC staff worked closely with ASTM 

to develop the new requirements and 

test procedures that have been 

incorporated into ASTM F2236–13, 

which forms the basis of the proposed 

rule. 

D. Requirements of the Proposed Rule 

The requirements of the proposed rule 

are set forth above in section IV.B.2 of 

this preamble, which describes ASTM 

F2236–13. 

E. Other Federal Rules 

Section 14(a)(2) of the CPSA requires 

every manufacturer and private labeler 

of a children’s product that is subject to 

a children’s product safety rule to 

certify, based on third party testing 

conducted by a CPSC-accepted 

laboratory, that the product complies 

with all applicable children’s product 

safety rules. Section 14(i)(2) of the CPSA 

requires the Commission to establish 

protocols and standards, by rule, for 

among other things, ensuring that a 

children’s product is tested periodically 

and where there has been a material 

change in the product, and for 

safeguarding against the exercise of 

undue influence on a conformity 

assessment body by a manufacturer or 

private labeler. A final rule 

implementing sections 14(a)(2) and 

14(i)(2) of CPSA, Testing and Labeling 

Pertaining to Product Certification, 16 

CFR part 1107, became effective on 

February 13, 2013 (the 1107 rule). 

Soft infant and toddler carriers will be 

subject to a mandatory children’s 

product safety rule, so they will also be 

subject to the third party testing 

requirements of section 14 of the CPSA 

and the 1107 rule when the final rule 

and the notice of requirements become 

effective. 

F. Impact on Small Businesses 

Under U.S. Small Business 

Administration (SBA) guidelines, a 

manufacturer of soft infant and toddler 

carriers is small if it has 500 or fewer 

employees; and importers and 

wholesalers are considered small if they 

have 100 or fewer employees. Based on 

these guidelines, 26 of the 31 domestic 

firms supplying soft infant and toddler 

carriers to the U.S. market are small 

firms—12 manufacturers, six importers, 

and eight firms whose supply source is 

unknown. Additional unknown small 

soft infant and toddler carrier suppliers 

may operate in the U.S. market as well. 

Small Manufacturers. The expected 

impact of the proposed rule on small 

manufacturers will differ, based on 

whether their soft infant and toddler 

carriers are already compliant with 

ASTM F2236–10. Although ASTM 

F2236–12 was published in December 

2012, and ASTM F2236–13 was 

published in March 2013, new 

standards are not in effect until 6 

months after publication. Accordingly, 

firms are likely to be still testing to 

ASTM F2236–10. In general, firms 

whose soft infant and toddler carriers 

meet the requirements of ASTM F2236– 

10 are likely to continue to comply with 

the voluntary standard as new versions 

are published. In addition, they are 

likely to meet any new standard within 

6 months because this is the amount of 

time JPMA allows for products in its 

certification program to shift to a new 

standard. Many of these firms are active 

in the ASTM standard development 

process, and compliance with the 

voluntary standard is part of an 

established business practice. 


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20520 Federal Register / Vol. 78, No. 66 / Friday, April 5, 2013 / Proposed Rules 

The impact on seven of 12 domestic 

manufacturers who comply with ASTM 

F2236–10 is expected to be small. Firms 

already in compliance with ASTM 

F2236–10 may require slight, if any, 

modifications, in order to bring their 

product(s) into compliance with the 

current voluntary standard. Any strap/ 

fastener modifications are expected to 

incur minimal costs, as are changes to 

the warning label. 

Meeting ASTM F2236–13’s 

requirements could necessitate some 

product redesign for five of the 12 

domestic manufacturers who are not 

believed to be compliant with ASTM 

F2236–10. These redesigns would likely 

involve adding or changing straps, 

fasteners, or fabrics; and partial 

redesigns are generally less expensive 

than complete redesigns, based on past 

discussions with manufacturers. For the 

types of changes that might be required 

to be made to these products, staff does 

not believe that complete redesigns (e.g., 

engineering time, prototype 

development, and tooling) would be 

required for any known products. 

Therefore, in most cases, the impact of 

the proposed rule is not expected to 

have a significant effect on products that 

are not believed to be compliant with 

ASTM F2236–10. 

It is possible that some firms whose 

soft infant and toddler carriers are 

neither certified as compliant, nor claim 

compliance with ASTM F2236–10 (or a 

similar standard), in fact, are compliant 

with the standard. CPSC staff has 

identified many such cases with other 

infant and toddler products. To the 

extent that some of these firms may 

supply compliant soft infant and toddler 

carriers and have developed a pattern of 

compliance with the voluntary 

standard, the direct impact of the 

proposed rule will be less significant 

than described above. 

Eight small firms have unknown 

supply sources, three of which appear to 

be compliant with ASTM F2236–10. If 

these firms are manufacturers, they will 

be affected as described above. If these 

firms are distributers or wholesalers, the 

impact will be similar to the impact on 

importers, as discussed below. 

In addition to the direct impact of the 

proposed rule, indirect impacts exist. 

These impacts are considered indirect 

because they do not arise directly as a 

consequence of the proposed rule’s 

requirements. Once the rule becomes 

final and the notice of requirements is 

in effect, all manufacturers will be 

subject to the additional costs associated 

with the third party testing and 

certification requirements. This will 

include any physical and mechanical 

test requirements specified in the final 

rule. Because lead and phthalates 

testing are already required for soft 

infant and toddler products, they are not 

included in this discussion. 

Staff estimates that testing to the 

ASTM voluntary standard could cost 

about $500–$600 per model sample. On 

average, each small domestic 

manufacturer supplies two different 

models of soft infant and toddler 

carriers to the U.S. market annually. 

Therefore, if third party testing is 

conducted every year on a single sample 

for each model, third party testing costs 

for each manufacturer would be about 

$1,000–$1,200 annually. Based on a 

review of firms’ revenues, the impact of 

third party testing to ASTM F2236–13— 

if only one soft carrier sample per model 

is required—is unlikely to be 

significant. However, these costs could 

be more significant if multiple models 

are needed for testing. 

Small Importers. Most importers 

would not experience significant 

impacts as a result of the proposed rule. 

Five of the six small importers are 

believed to be compliant with the 

voluntary standard. In the absence of 

regulation, these firms would likely 

continue to comply with the voluntary 

standard as it evolves and would likely 

comply with the final mandatory 

standard as well. The remaining 

importer might need to find an alternate 

source of soft infant and toddler carriers 

if its existing supplier does not come 

into compliance with the requirements 

of the proposed rule. Alternatively, the 

firm may discontinue importing soft 

infant and toddler carriers altogether 

and perhaps substitute another product. 

As is the case with manufacturers, all 

importers will be subject to third party 

testing and certification requirements, 

and consequently, they will experience 

the associated costs if their supplying 

foreign firm(s) does not perform third 

party testing. The resulting costs could 

have a significant impact on a few small 

importers who must perform the testing 

themselves if more than one sample per 

model is required. In addition, the 

impacts could be higher than those 

incurred by domestic manufacturers if 

importers have to test each batch 

imported in the case where the foreign 

manufacturer does not conduct testing. 

G. Alternatives 

Under the Danny Keysar Child 

Product Safety Notification Act, section 

104 of the CPSIA, one alternative would 

be to set an effective date later than the 

proposed 6 months, which is generally 

considered sufficient time for suppliers 

to come into compliance with a 

proposed durable infant and toddler 

product rule. Setting a later effective 

date would allow suppliers additional 

time to modify and/or develop 

compliant soft infant and toddler 

carriers and spread the associated costs 

over a longer period of time. 

VIII. Environmental Considerations 

The Commission’s regulations address 

whether we are required to prepare an 

environmental assessment or an 

environmental impact statement. If our 

rule has ‘‘little or no potential for 

affecting the human environment,’’ it 

will be categorically exempted from this 

requirement. 16 CFR 1021.5(c)(1). The 

proposed rule falls within the 

categorical exemption. 

IX. Paperwork Reduction Act 

The proposed rule contains 

information collection requirements that 

are subject to public comment and 

review by the Office of Management and 

Budget (OMB) under the Paperwork 

Reduction Act of 1995 (44 U.S.C. 3501– 

3521). In this document, pursuant to 44 

U.S.C. 3507(a)(1)(D), we set forth: 

• A title for the collection of 

information; 

• A summary of the collection of 

information; 

• A brief description of the need for 

the information and the proposed use of 

the information; 

• A description of the likely 

respondents and proposed frequency of 

response to the collection of 

information; 

• An estimate of the burden that shall 

result from the collection of 

information; and 

• Notice that comments may be 

submitted to the OMB. 

Title: Safety Standard for Soft Infant 

and Toddler Carriers 

Description: The proposed rule would 

require each soft infant and toddler 

carrier to comply with ASTM F2236–13, 

Standard Consumer Safety 

Specification for Soft Infant and 

Toddler Carriers. Sections 8.1 and 9.1 of 

ASTM F2236–13 contain requirements 

for marking, labeling, and instructional 

literature that are disclosure 

requirements, thus falling within the 

definition of ‘‘collections of 

information’’ at 5 C.F.R. 1320.3(c). 

Description of Respondents: Persons 

who manufacture or import soft infant 

and toddler carriers. 

Estimated Burden: We estimate the 

burden of this collection of information 

as follows: 


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Federal Register / Vol. 78, No. 66 / Friday, April 5, 2013 / Proposed Rules 20521 

TABLE 1—ESTIMATED ANNUAL REPORTING BURDEN

16 CFR Section Number of respondents 

Frequency of 

responses 

Total annual 

responses 

Hours per response Total burden 

hours 

1226 ..................................................................................... 39 2 78 1 78 

Our estimate is based on the 

following: 

Section 8.1 of ASTM F2236–13 

requires that all soft infant and toddler 

carrier products and their retail 

packaging be marked or labeled as 

follows: the manufacturer, distributor, 

or seller name, and either the place of 

business (city, state, mailing address 

including zip code), or telephone 

number, or both; and a code mark or 

other means that identifies the date 

(month and year as a minimum) of 

manufacture. 

CPSC is aware of 39 firms that supply 

soft infant and toddler carriers in the 

U.S. market. All 39 firms are assumed 

to use labels on their products and on 

their packaging already, but they might 

need to make some modifications to 

their existing labels. The estimated time 

required to make these modifications is 

about 1 hour per model. Each of these 

firms supplies an average of two 

different models of soft infant and 

toddler carrier; therefore, the estimated 

burden hours associated with labels is 1 

hour × 39 firms × 2 models per firm = 

78 hours annually. 

We estimate the hourly compensation 

for the time required to create and 

update labels is $27.92 (U.S. Bureau of 

Labor Statistics, ‘‘Employer Costs for 

Employee Compensation,’’ September 

2012, Table 9, total compensation for all 

sales and office workers in goodsproducing private industries: http:// 

www.bls.gov/ncs/). Therefore, the 

estimated annual cost to industry 

associated with the labeling 

requirements is $2,177.76 ($27.92 per 

hour × 78 hours = $2,177.76). No 

operating, maintenance, or capital costs 

are associated with the collection. 

Section 9.1 of ASTM F2236–13 

requires that all soft infant and carrier 

products provide instructions that are 

easy to read and understand. Where 

applicable, instructions for assembly, 

use, maintenance and cleaning of the 

product, and warnings, must also be 

included. Soft infant and toddler 

carriers are products that do not 

generally require installation but require 

instruction for proper use, fit, and 

adjustment on a caregiver’s body. Under 

the OMB’s regulations (5 CFR 

1320.3(b)(2)), the time, effort, and 

financial resources necessary to comply 

with a collection of information that 

would be incurred by persons in the 

‘‘normal course of their activities’’ are 

excluded from a burden estimate, where 

an agency demonstrates that the 

disclosure activities required to comply 

are ‘‘usual and customary.’’ Therefore, 

because we are unaware of soft infant 

and toddler carriers that lack any 

instructions to the user about proper 

use, fit, and assembly, we estimate 

tentatively that there are no burden 

hours associated with section 9.1 of 

ASTM F 2236–13 because any burden 

associated with supplying instructions 

with soft infant and toddler carriers 

would be ‘‘usual and customary’’ and 

would not fit within the definition of 

‘‘burden’’ under the OMB’s regulations. 

In compliance with the Paperwork 

Reduction Act of 1995 (44 U.S.C. 

3507(d)), we have submitted the 

information collection requirements of 

this rule to OMB for review. Interested 

persons are requested to submit 

comments regarding information 

collection by May 6, 2013, to the Office 

of Information and Regulatory Affairs, 

OMB (see the ADDRESSES section at the 

beginning of this notice). 

Pursuant to 44 U.S.C. 3506(c)(2)(A), 

we invite comments on: 

• Whether the collection of 

information is necessary for the proper 

performance of the CPSC’s functions, 

including whether the information will 

have practical utility; 

• the accuracy of the CPSC’s estimate 

of the burden of the proposed collection 

of information, including the validity of 

the methodology and assumptions used; 

• ways to enhance the quality, utility, 

and clarity of the information to be 

collected; 

• ways to reduce the burden of the 

collection of information on 

respondents, including the use of 

automated collection techniques, when 

appropriate, and other forms of 

information technology; and 

• the estimated burden hours 

associated with label modification, 

including any alternative estimates. 

X. Preemption 

Section 26(a) of the CPSA, 15 U.S.C. 

2075(a), provides that where a consumer 

product safety standard is in effect and 

applies to a product, no state or political 

subdivision of a state may either 

establish or continue in effect a 

requirement dealing with the same risk 

of injury unless the state requirement is 

identical to the federal standard. Section 

26(c) of the CPSA also provides that 

states or political subdivisions of states 

may apply to the Commission for an 

exemption from this preemption under 

certain circumstances. Section 104(b) of 

the CPSIA refers to the rules to be 

issued under that section as ‘‘consumer 

product safety rules,’’ thus implying 

that the preemptive effect of section 

26(a) of the CPSA would apply. 

Therefore, a rule issued under section 

104 of the CPSIA will invoke the 

preemptive effect of section 26(a) of the 

CPSA when it becomes effective. 

XI. Certification and Notice of 

Requirements (NOR) 

Section 14(a) of the CPSA imposes the 

requirement that products subject to a 

consumer product safety rule under the 

CPSA, or to a similar rule, ban, standard 

or regulation under any other act 

enforced by the Commission, must be 

certified as complying with all 

applicable CPSC-enforced requirements. 

15 U.S.C. 2063(a). Section 14(a)(2) of the 

CPSA requires that certification of 

children’s products subject to a 

children’s product safety rule be based 

on testing conducted by a CPSCaccepted third party conformity 

assessment body. Section 14(a)(3) of the 

CPSA requires the Commission to 

publish a notice of requirements (NOR) 

for the accreditation of third party 

conformity assessment bodies (or 

laboratories) to assess conformity with a 

children’s product safety rule to which 

a children’s product is subject. The 

proposed rule for 16 CFR part 1226, 

‘‘Safety Standard for Soft Infant and 

Toddler Carriers,’’ when issued as a 

final rule, will be a children’s product 

safety rule that requires the issuance of 

an NOR. 

Effective June 10, 2013, the 

Commission published a final rule, 

Requirements Pertaining to Third Party 

Conformity Assessment Bodies, 78 FR 

15836 (March 12, 2013), which codifies 

16 CFR part 1112. Part 1112 establishes 

requirements for accreditation of third 

party conformity assessment bodies (or 

laboratories) to test for conformance 

with a children’s product safety rule in 

accordance with Section 14(a)(2) of the 

CPSA. The final rule also codifies all of 

the NORs that the CPSC has published 

to date. All new NORs, such as the soft 

infant and toddler carrier standard, 


TKELLEY on DSK3SPTVN1PROD with PROPOSALS
20522 Federal Register / Vol. 78, No. 66 / Friday, April 5, 2013 / Proposed Rules 

require an amendment to part 1112. 

Accordingly, the proposed rule would 

amend part 1112 to include the soft 

infant and toddler standard along with 

the other children’s product safety rules 

for which the CPSC has issued NORs. 

Laboratories applying for acceptance 

as a CPSC-accepted third party 

conformity assessment body to test to 

the new standard for soft infant and 

toddler carriers would be required to 

meet the third party conformity 

assessment body accreditation 

requirements in part 1112. When a 

laboratory meets the requirements as a 

CPSC-accepted third party conformity 

assessment body, it can apply to the 

CPSC to have 16 CFR part 1226, Safety 

Standard for Soft Infant and Toddler 

Carriers, included in its scope of 

accreditation of CPSC safety rules listed 

for the laboratory on the CPSC Web site 

at: www.cpsc.gov/labsearch. 

CPSC staff previously conducted an 

analysis of the potential impacts on 

small entities of the proposed rule for 

part 1112, and published an Initial 

Regulatory Flexibility Analysis (IRFA) 

in 77 FR 31086, 31123–26 (May 24, 

2012). The IRFA concluded that the 

requirements in part 1112 would not 

have a significant adverse impact on a 

substantial number of small laboratories 

because no requirements are imposed 

on laboratories that do not intend to 

provide third party testing services 

under Section 14(a)(2) of the CPSA. The 

only laboratories that are expected to 

provide such services are those that 

anticipate receiving sufficient revenue 

from providing the mandated testing to 

justify accepting the requirements as a 

business decision. Laboratories that do 

not expect to receive sufficient revenue 

from these services to justify accepting 

these requirements would likely not 

pursue accreditation for this purpose. 

Amending part 1112 to include the 

NOR for the soft infant and toddler 

standard would also not have a 

significant adverse impact on small 

laboratories. Based upon the number of 

laboratories in the United States that 

have applied for CPSC acceptance of the 

accreditation to test for conformance to 

other juvenile product standards, we 

expect that only a few laboratories will 

seek CPSC acceptance of their 

accreditation to test for conformance 

with the soft infant and toddler 

standard. Most of these laboratories 

already will have been accredited to test 

for conformance to other juvenile 

product standards, and the only cost to 

them would be the cost of adding the 

soft infant and toddler standard to their 

scope of accreditation. As a 

consequence, the Commission could 

certify that the proposed NOR for the 

soft infant and toddler standard will not 

have a significant impact on a 

substantial number of small entities. 

The final NOR will base the CPSC 

laboratory accreditation requirements 

on the performance standard set forth in 

the final rule for the safety standard for 

soft infant and toddler carriers and the 

test methods incorporated within that 

standard. The Commission may 

recognize limited circumstances in 

which it will accept certification based 

on product testing conducted before the 

Commission’s acceptance of 

accreditation of laboratories for testing 

soft infant and toddler carriers (also 

known as retrospective testing) in the 

final NOR. The Commission seeks 

comments on any issues regarding the 

testing requirements of the proposed 

rule for soft infant and toddler carriers 

and the accompanying proposed NOR. 

XII. Request for Comments 

This proposed rule begins a 

rulemaking proceeding under section 

104(b) of the CPSIA to issue a consumer 

product safety standard for soft infant 

and toddler carriers. We invite all 

interested persons to submit comments 

on any aspect of the proposed rule. 

Comments should be submitted in 

accordance with the instructions in the 

ADDRESSES section at the beginning of 

this notice. 

List of Subjects 

16 CFR Part 1112 

Administrative practice and 

procedure, Audit, Consumer protection, 

Reporting and recordkeeping 

requirements, Third party conformity 

assessment body. 

16 CFR Part 1226 

Consumer protection, Imports, 

Incorporation by reference, Infants and 

Children, Labeling, Law Enforcement, 

and Toys. 

For the reasons discussed in the 

preamble, the Commission proposes to 

amend Title 16 of the Code of Federal 

Regulations by amending part 1112 and 

adding a new part 1226, as follows: 

PART 1112—REQUIREMENTS 

PERTAINING TO THIRD PARTY 

CONFORMITY ASSESSMENT BODIES 

■ 1. The authority citation for part 1112 

continues to read as follows: 

Authority: 15 U.S.C. 2063.; Pub. L. 110– 

314, section 3, 122 Stat. 3016, 3017 (2008) 

■ 2. In § 1112.15 add paragraph (b)(36) 

to read as follows: 

§ 1112.15 When can a third party 

conformity assessment body apply for 

CPSC acceptance for a particular CPSC rule 

and/or test method? 

* * * * * 

(b) * * * 

* * * * * 

(36) 16 CFR part 1226, Safety 

Standard for Soft Infant and Toddler 

Carriers. 

■ 3. Add Part 1226 to read as follows: 

PART 1226—SAFETY STANDARD FOR 

SOFT INFANT AND TODDLER 

CARRIERS 

Sec. 

1226.1 Scope. 

1226.2 Requirements for Soft Infant and 

Toddler Carriers. 

Authority: The Consumer Product Safety 

Improvement Act of 2008, Pub. L. 110–314, 

§ 104, 122 Stat. 3016 (August 14, 2008); Pub. 

L. 112–28, 125 Stat. 273 (August 12, 2011). 

§ 1226.1 Scope. 

This part establishes a consumer 

product safety standard for soft infant 

and toddler carriers. 

§ 1226.2 Requirements for Soft Infant and 

Toddler Carriers. 

(a) Each soft infant and toddler carrier 

must comply with all applicable 

provisions of ASTM F2236–13, 

Standard Consumer Safety Specification 

for Soft Infant and Toddler Carriers, 

approved on March 1, 2013. The 

Director of the Federal Register 

approves this incorporation by reference 

in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 

1 CFR part 51. You may obtain a copy 

from ASTM International, 100 Bar 

Harbor Drive, P.O. Box 0700, West 

Conshohocken, PA 19428; http:// 

www.astm.org/cpsc.htm. You may 

inspect a copy at the Office of the 

Secretary, U.S. Consumer Product 

Safety Commission, Room 820, 4330 

East West Highway, Bethesda, MD 

20814, telephone 301–504–7923, or at 

the National Archives and Records 

Administration (NARA). For 

information on the availability of this 

material at NARA, call 202–741–6030, 

or go to: http://www.archives.gov/ 

federal_register/code_of_federal 

regulations/ibr_locations.html. 

(b) Reserved 

Dated: March 29, 2013. 

Todd A. Stevenson, 

Secretary, Consumer Product Safety 

Commission. 

[FR Doc. 2013–07687 Filed 4–4–13; 8:45 am] 

BILLING CODE 6355–01–P 


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