A-1

APPENDICES 

Technical Support Document: 

Preparation of Emissions Inventories 

for the Version 4.1, 2005-based Platform

Appendix A: Revisions to PTIPM Sector SO2 and NOX 

emissions from V4 to V4.1

Table A-1. Plant level summary of V4.1 differences for SO2 and NOX, ptipm sector

state

count

y plant_id

Plant

name

Plantlevel 

annual 

tons 

NOX, V4

Plantlevel 

annual 

tons 

NOX, 

V4.1

NOX 

DIFFERE

NCE : 

Platfor

m V4.1 

minus 

V4

Plantlevel 

annual 

tons 

SO2, V4

Plantlevel 

annual 

tons 

SO2, 

V4.1

SO2 

DIFFERE

NCE : 

Platform 

V4.1 

minus 

V4

Data 

Source 

of data 

in V4 

Comments on 

updated 

emissions

CA

(06)

San 

Diego

(073) 37122772

SouthBay 

Power 

Plant

 

108.23 

 

45.34 

 

(62.9) 21.4 4.2

 

(17.2)

NOx 

and SO2 

from 

2002 NEI

CA

(06)

San 

Diego

(073) 37122773

Encina

Power 

Plant 

301.93 

 

289.40 

 

(12.5) 51.0 47.2

 

(3.8)

NOx 

and SO2 

from 

2002 NEI

CA 

Total 

 

(75.4)

 

(21.1)

MA

(25)

Hamp

den

(013) 0420001

StonyBroo

k 

Energy 

Center

 

458.07 

 

176.02 

 

(282.1)

NOx and 

SO2 

from 

2002 NEI

MA

(25)

Middl

esex

(017) 1190128

EXELON

MYSTIC

LLC

 

1,154.92 

 

953.94 

 

(201.0) 5007.1 3473.7

 

(1,533.4)

NOx and 

SO2 are 

a 

mixture 

of 2002 

(carried 

forward) 

and 

2005 

CEM 

(created 

by EPA). 

CEMs are 

reporting 

nearly every 

day for all 

units. 

Updated 

boiler 

matching is for 

data from 

2002, which is

replaced by 

2005.

MA 

Total 

 

(483.0)

 

(1,533.4)

MS

(28)

Choct

aw

(019)

28019000

11

CHOCTA

W GENERATION

LLP,REDHI

LLS GENERA

1918.0 2847.7

 

929.7 

2005 

State 

data. 

Confirmed 2 

boilers in CEM 

and only one 

matched 

previously.

MS 
A-2

state

count

y plant_id

Plant

name

Plantlevel 

annual 

tons 

NOX, V4

Plantlevel 

annual 

tons 

NOX, 

V4.1

NOX 

DIFFERE

NCE : 

Platfor

m V4.1 

minus 

V4

Plantlevel 

annual 

tons 

SO2, V4

Plantlevel 

annual 

tons 

SO2, 

V4.1

SO2 

DIFFERE

NCE : 

Platform 

V4.1 

minus 

V4

Data 

Source 

of data 

in V4 

Comments on 

updated 

emissions

Total 929.7 

NY

(36) 

Nassa

u

(059)

12820005

53

EFBARRET

T

POWER

STATION

 

1,227.53 

 

1,078.20 

 

(149.3)

2005 

State 

data. 

NY 

Total 

 

(149.3)

SC

(45)

Beauf

ort

(013)

0360-

0006

SANTEE

COOPER

HILTONHE

AD

 

162.09 

 

12.74 

 

(149.3)

NOx and 

SO2 

from 

2002 NEI 

SC

(45)

Charl

eston

(019)

0560-

0244

COGENSO

UTH 

1,487.10 

 

707.34 

 

(779.8)

2002 NEI 

carried 

forward

SC

(45)

Darlin

gton

(031)

0820-

0002

PROGRES

S

ENERGY

ROBINSO

N

STATION

 

3,092.95 

 

2,855.88 

 

(237.1) 11066.9

11065.

6

 

(1.3)

NOx and 

SO2 

from 

2002 NEI 

(except 

other 

large 

CEM 

source 

that EPA 

inserterd 

for 

2005)

SC 

Total 

 

(1,166.2

)

 

(1.3)

WV

(54)

Mario

n

(049)

54049000

26

AMERICA

N

BITUMIN

OUS

POWERGRANTTO

WN

PLT

 

8.36 

 

150.84 

 

142.5 

2005 

State 

data. 

WV 

Total 

 

142.5 

NOx only ( 

assume state 

just didn't 

report NOx)

Total 

 

(1,731.5

)

 

(625.9)
B-1

Appendix B: Creation of the modeling file (“ORL point file”) 

parameters from the Boiler MACT ICR unit level emissions

The following table shows how the ICR unit level Hg emissions were developed into non-EGU 

(ptnonipm) sector file (ORL format)that was used in SMOKE. We used the annual emissions 

from 080310 version of Boiler MACT ICR database (Aug 3), provided by Brian Shrager, SPPD. 

Revisions to that database prior to development of the ORL file were: 

1. Removed units identified by CAMD as EGUs

2 Excluded units without NEI_UNIQUE_ID assignment (sum of 0.177 tons)

3. Shortened plantid to 16 characters

4. Created a “POINTID” (unit ID) such that the first character of the POINTID indicates 

whether unit(s) are boilers (B) or process heaters (P), the rest of the ID field was a sequential 

number.

ORL fields were populated as provided by the table below.

FORMAT FOR INVENTORY DATA- POINT SOURCES

Position

in ORL 

file 

(column)

ORL 

variabl

e 

name Description Approach to Populate from Boiler MACT ICR database

A FIPS

Five digit FIPS code for state and 

county (required)

Taken from Boiler MACT ICR database – these were added 

based on Facility/county by matching to the NEI 

B

PLANT

ID

Plant Identification Code (15 

characters maximum) (required; 

this is the same as the State 

Facility Identifier in the NIF)

Used "FacilityID" from Boiler MACT database. If ID was too 

long, then shortened the FacilityID where needed and added 

to Boiler MACT database 

C

POINT

ID

Point Identification Code (15 

characters maximum) (required; 

this is the same as the Emission 

Unit ID in the NIF)

the letter "P" or "B" based on whether the unit is a process 

heater "P" or boiler "B" concatenated with a number, where 

the number is a numerical increment assigned to each boiler 

mact record

D

STAC

KID

Stack Identification Code (15 

characters maximum) 

(recommended; this is the same as 

the Emissions Release Point ID in 

the NIF) BOILERMACTICR

E

SEGM

ENT

DOE Plant ID (15 characters 

maximum) (recommended; this is 

the same as the Process ID in the 

NIF) BOILERMACTICR

F PLANT

Plant Name (40 characters 

maximum) (recommended) Use "FacilityID" from Boiler MACT database 

G SCC

Source Classification Code (10 

characters maximum) (required)

based on XWALK "default_scc_for_boilerMACT_hg.xlsx" 

which depends on both unit type (boiler or process heater, 

as defined in the Boiler MACT database in the column 
B-2

FORMAT FOR INVENTORY DATA- POINT SOURCES

Position

in ORL 

file 

(column)

ORL 

variabl

e 

name Description Approach to Populate from Boiler MACT ICR database

entitled "Classification" )and the ICR fuel type – see note 1 

below.

H

ERPT

YPE

Emissions release point type (2 

characters maximum); indicates 

type of stack (used by SMOKE for 

ASPEN, ISCST3, AERMOD): 01 = 

fugitive, 02 = vertical stack, 03 = 

horizontal stack, 04 = goose neck, 

05 = vertical with rain cap, 06 = 

downward-facing vent 02

I

SRCT

YPE

Source type (2 characters 

maximum); used by SMOKE in 

determining applicable MACTbased controls and for data 

summaries (required), 01 = major, 

02 = Section 112 area source. 

03=nonroad source 01

J

STKH

GT Stack Height (ft) (required)

Use value from Hg NATA inventory unit from same 

NEI_UNIQUE_ID that has same fuel type. (SO LITTLE HG 

FROM PROCESS HEATERS – DON’t USE THEM TO 

MATCH THE TYPE OF UNIT). Use the "nata_nei_scc-tofuel_xwalk.xlsx" -- see Note 2 below. to assign nata and 

nei inventories a fuel TYPE based on the SCC, and use the 

"fuelxwalk_for_tagging_revision1.xls" (first two columns of 

the Primary XWALK tab) (see Note 3 below) to match ICR 

unit to a unit in the NEI based on NEI fuel. Once there is at 

least one matching unit, can use to get stack parameters.

2. If no match to Hg inventory, use secondary fuel xwalk.

3. If still no match, then match to CAP inventory unit.

4. if still no match, then use default parameters from the 

following 

file:ftp://ftp.epa.gov/EmisInventory/2002finalnei/documentati

on/point/augmentation_point/2002nei_stackparameterdefaul

t.mdb see item 4 for if there is no SCC match to that file.

See note 4 below.

5. if there are multiple units that match the ICR unit, then 

choose stack parameters from stack with largest total 

emissions --either across all polls or just pick Hg for nata 

and CO for NEI.

K

STKDI

AM Stack Diameter (ft) (required) same as above

L

STKTE

MP

Stack Gas Exit Temperature (°F) 

(required) same as above

M

STKFL

OW

Stack Gas Flow Rate (ft3/sec) 

(optional; automatically calculated 

by Smkinven from velocity and 

diameter if not given in file) leave blank

N

STKVE

L

Stack Gas Exit Velocity (ft/sec) 

(required) same as above

O SIC

Standard Industrial Classification 

Code (recommended)

use value based on NEI_UNIQUE_ID. If multiple values, 

then choose the mode
B-3

FORMAT FOR INVENTORY DATA- POINT SOURCES

Position

in ORL 

file 

(column)

ORL 

variabl

e 

name Description Approach to Populate from Boiler MACT ICR database

P MACT

Maximum Achievable Control 

Technology Code which identifies a 

source categories defined by 

Maximum Achievable Control 

Technology rules or rules that are 

done under other programs such 

as Section 129 standards (6 

characters maximum) (optional) 0107

Q NAICS

North American Industrial 

Classification System Code (6 

characters maximum) (optional)

use value based on NEI_UNIQUE_ID. If multiple values, 

then choose the mode

R

CTYP

E

Coordinate system type (1 

character maximum) (required); U 

= Universal Transverse Mercator ; 

L = Latitude/longitude L

S XLOC

X location (required), If CTYPE = 

U, Easting value (meters); If 

CTYPE = L, Longitude (decimal 

degrees) same as stack params except if no unit match then use site 

avge lat/lon

T YLOC

Y location (required), If CTYPE = 

U, Northing value (meters), If 

CTYPE = L, Latitude (decimal 

degrees) same as stack params except if no unit match then use site 

avge lat/lon

U UTMZ UTM zone (required if CTYPE = U) -9

V

POLC

ODE

Code representing the pollutant 

contained in the inventory 

(required, can be up to 10 

characters) 7439976

W

ANN_

EMIS

Annual Emissions (tons/year) 

(required) emissions are in the boiler MACT database 

X

AVD_E

MIS

Average-day Emissions 

(tons/average day) (optional) Put in a value of -9 for this variable

Y CEFF

Control Efficiency percentage (give 

value of 0-100) (recommended, if 

left blank, SMOKE default is 0) leave blank

Z REFF

Rule Effectiveness percentage 

(give value of 0-100) 

(recommended, if left blank, 

SMOKE default is 100) leave blank

AA CPRI

Primary Control Equipment Code 

(not used by SMOKE) leave blank

BB CSEC

Secondary Control Equipment 

Code (not used by SMOKE) leave blank
B-4

FORMAT FOR INVENTORY DATA- POINT SOURCES

Position

in ORL 

file 

(column)

ORL 

variabl

e 

name Description Approach to Populate from Boiler MACT ICR database

CC

NEI_U

NIQUE

_ID

Unique ID that ties together HAP 

and CAP emissions within a 

common facility ID, and ties 

together emissions obtained from 

multiple data sources (e.g., TRI, 

State, ESD) which may have 

different StateFacilityIdentifiers but 

really belong to a single FACILITY 

(optional) use value from boiler mact database

DD

ORIS_

FACILI

TY_C

ODE

Provides ORIS code at the plant 

level (optional) leave blank

EE

ORIS_

BOILE

R_ID ORIS boiler ID (optional) leave blank

FF

IPM_Y

N

Y or N single character flag 

indicating whether the point source 

belongs in the IPM sector (optional)

if in HG inventory, NEI UNIQUE ID is in both, then B, if it is 

in IPM then Y if nonIPM then blank. If source is in CAP 

inventory but NOT Hg inventory then use the same criteria 

but base it on the CAP values

GG

DATA_

SOUR

CE

flag indicating the source of the 

data (e.g., state-submitted, toxics 

release inventory, Clean Air 

Markets Division, etc.) (optional)

the Data source code indicates the emissions estimation 

method: BMICR_ET means test was done, 

BMICR_BSAVmeans used Emission Factor (see Baseline 

memo in Boiler MACT docket)

Since only allowed 10 characters, use BSAV is used if the 

Hg source field is BaselineAverage

HH

STAC

K_DEF

AULT_

FLAG

flag indicating how NEI defaulted 

stack params (optional)

if the stack came from Hg or CAP inventory use same value 

as unit you used. If you used default by SCC then the value 

is 11111

II

LOCA

TION_

DEFA

ULT_F

LAG

flag indicating how NEI defaulted 

locations (optional)

if the stack came from Hg or CAP inventory use same value 

as unit you used. If you used siteave then "DEF_SITEAVG"

JJ YEAR

Allows us to see what year was 

used to represent 2002 emissions 

(optional) 2008

KK

TRIBA

L_CO

DE

Indicates the particular tribe that 

submitted the data (optional) TRIBAL_CODE

LL

HORIZ

ONTA

L_ARE

A_FU

GITIVE

related to AXLEN, AYLEN which 

are optional params for 

ISCST3/AERMOD (optional) (units 

are square feet) leave blank

MM

RELEA

SE_HE

IGHT_

related to optional params for 

ISCST3/AERMOD (ARELHT?) 

(optional) (units are feet) leave blank
B-5

Remainder of the fields are left blank

NOTES

1. Below are the default_scc_for_boilerMACT_hg.xlsx:

ICR Fuel 

Category for 

Unit

Default 

SCC Rationale

Gas 1 (NG 

Only) 10200601 arbritrarily chosen industrial boiler natl gas

Coal 10200201 arbritrarily chosen industrial boiler coal

Light Liquid 10200501 arbritrarily chosen industrial boiler distillate oil

Gas 1 (Other) 10200701

used refinery gas SCC since Brian Shrager (project lead) said that was Gas 1 

(other)

Wet Biomass 10200901 arbritrarily chosen industrial boiler wood: bark

Heavy Liquid 10200401 arbritrarily chosen industrial boiler: residual oil

Dry Biomass 10200908

chose dry wood since there is no SCC with lumber or sanderdust or hog fuel or 

other dry biomass examples

Gas 2 10200799 chose scc for process gas - unspecified

Bagasse 10201101 chose scc for bagasse - industrial boilers all sizes

2. Fuels are provided in the SCC description; therefore we do not provide the “"nata_nei_scc-tofuel_xwalk.xlsx"” . We do provide, below, a list of SCCs for which fuels were extracted to use for the 

characterizing inventory sources

Source Classification Code 

10200101 10200104 10200107 10200117 10200201 10200202 10200203 10200204 10200205 10200206 10200210 

10200212 10200213 10200217 10200218 10200219 10200221 10200222 10200223 10200224 10200225 10200226 

10200229 10200300 10200301 10200302 10200303 10200304 10200306 10200307 10200401 10200402 10200403 

10200404 10200405 10200501 10200502 10200503 10200504 10200505 10200601 10200602 10200603 10200604 

10200701 10200704 10200707 10200710 10200711 10200799 10200802 10200804 10200901 10200902 10200903 

10200904 10200905 10200906 10200907 10200908 10200910 10200911 10200912 10201001 10201002 10201003 

10201101 10201201 10201202 10201301 10201302 10201303 10201601 10201701 10300101 10300102 10300103 

10300203 10300205 10300206 10300207 10300208 10300209 10300211 10300214 10300216 10300217 10300218 

10300221 10300222 10300223 10300224 10300225 10300226 10300300 10300305 10300306 10300307 10300309 

10300401 10300402 10300403 10300404 10300501 10300502 10300503 10300504 10300601 10300602 10300603 

10300701 10300799 10300811 10300901 10300902 10300903 10300908 10300910 10300911 10300912 10301001 

10301002 10301003 10301201 10301202 10301301 10301302 10301303 10500102 10500105 10500106 10500110 

10500113 10500114 10500202 10500205 10500206 10500209 10500210 10500213 10500214 

2102001000 2102002000 2102004000 2102005000 2102006000 2102006001 2102006002 2102007000 2102008000 

2102009000 2102010000 2102011000 2102012000 2103001000 2103002000 2103004000 2103005000 2103006000 

2103007000 2103007005 2103007010 2103008000 2103010000 2103011000 2103011005 2103011010 2199001000 

2199002000 2199003000 2199004000 2199004001 2199004002 2199005000 2199006000 2199006001 2199006002 

2199007000 2199008000 2199009000 2199010000 2199011000 

30190001 30190002 30190003 30190004 30290001 30290002 30290003 30290005 30390001 30390002 30390003 

30390004 30490001 30490002 30490003 30490004 30590001 30590002 30590003 30590005 30600101 30600102 

30600103 30600104 30600105 30600106 30600107 30600108 30600111 30600199 30790001 30790002 30790003 

30890001 30890002 30890003 30890004 30990001 30990002 30990003 31000401 31000402 31000403 31000404 

31000405 31000406 31000411 31000412 31000413 31000414 31000415 31390001 31390002 31390003 39900501 

39900601 39900701 39900711 39900721 39900801 39901001 39901601 39901701 39990001 39990002 39990003 

39990004 10100101 10100102 10100201 10100202 10100203 10100204 10100205 10100211 10100212 10100215 
B-6

10100217 10100218 10100221 10100222 10100223 10100224 10100225 10100226 10100235 10100237 10100238 

10100300 10100301 10100302 10100303 10100304 10100306 10100316 10100317 10100318 10100401 10100404 

10100405 10100406 10100501 10100504 10100505 10100601 10100602 10100604 10100701 10100702 10100703 

10100704 10100707 10100711 10100712 10100801 10100818 10100901 10100902 10100903 10100908 10100910 

10100911 10100912 10101001 10101002 10101003 10101101 10101201 10101202 10101204 10101205 10101206 

10101207 10101208 10101301 10101302 10101304 10101305 10101306 10101307 10101308 10101601 10101801 

10101901 10102001 10102018

3. fuelxwalk_for_tagging_revision1. 

SCC fuel category ICR Fuel Category for Unit

Bagasse Bagasse

coal Coal

Coal-based Synfuel Heavy Liquid

crude oil Heavy Liquid

Digester Gas Gas 2

Distillate Oil Light Liquid

Distillate Oil (Diesel) Light Liquid

gas Gas 2

Gasified Coal Gas 1 (Other)

Gasoline Light Liquid

Hydrogen Gas 1 (Other)

Kerosene Light Liquid

Kerosene/Naphtha (Jet 

Fuel) Light Liquid

Landfill Gas Gas 2

Liquid Waste Heavy Liquid

Liquified Petroleum Gas 

(LPG) Gas 1 (Other)

LPG Gas 1 (Other)

Methanol Heavy Liquid

Natural Gas Gas 1 (NG Only)

oil Light Liquid

Other Oil Light Liquid

Petroleum Coke Coal

Process Gas Gas 2

propane/butane Gas 1 (Other)

Refinery Gas Gas 1 (Other)

Residual Oil Heavy Liquid

Solid Waste Wet Biomass

unknown Gas 1 (NG Only)

Waste Coal Coal

Waste oil Heavy Liquid

Wood Dry Biomass

Wood/Bark Waste Wet Biomass

4. Stack parameters for sources without an NEI UNIQUE ID / fuel type match in existing inventories:

 As some of the SCCs we needed default stack parameters for were not present in 

2002nei_stackparameterdefault.mdb (retrieved from ftp.epa.gov). In these cases, we used default stack 

parameters for a different SCC instead, an SCC that has the same ICR fuel type (according to nonunique_icr 
B-7

fuel and nei fuel mapping.xls) as the original SCC. Here are the substitutions:

10200908: use default stackparms for SCC=10100902

10200101: use default stackparms for SCC=10200201

10101308: use default stackparms for SCC=10200901

39900701: use default stackparms for SCC=31000415

39900711: use default stackparms for SCC=31000406
C-1

Appendix C: Pollutants in the onroad emission sectors 

generated from NMIM or MOVES2010

SECTOR

/Mobile 

emissions 

approach

Pollutants Pollutants used 

in Case

on_noadj 

/ NMIM 

EVP__10041 (ETHYLBENZ), EXH__100414(ETHYLBENZ), 

EXH__100425(STYRENE),

EVP__108883(TOLUENE), EXH__108883(TOLUENE), 

EVP__110543(HEXANE), EXH__110543(HEXANE), 

EXH__120127(ANTHRACEN), EXH__123386(PROPIONAL), 

EXH__129000(PYRENE),

EVP__108383 (MXYL as 0.68 of EVP__1330207(XYLS)), EVP__95476 

(OXYL as 0.32 of EVP__1330207(XYLS)), EXH__108383 (MXYL as 

0.74 of EXH__1330207 (XYLS)), EXH__95476 (OXYL as 0.26 of 

EXH__1330207(XYLS)), EXH__16065831(CHROMTRI), 

EXH__1634044(MTBE), EXH__18540299(CHROMHEX), 

EXH__191242(BENZOGHIP), EXH__193395(INDENO123), DESC 

EXH__200(HG), EXH__201(HGIIGAS), EXH__202(PHGI), 

EXH__205992(BENZOBFLU), EXH__206440(FLUORANTH), 

EXH__207089(BENZOKFLU), EXH__208968(ACENAPHTY),

EXH__218019(CHRYSENE), EXH__50328(BENZOAPYR), 

EXH__53703(DIBENZAHA), EVP__540841(TRMEPN224), 

EXH__54084(TRMEPN224), EXH__56553(BENZAANTH), 

EXH__7439965(MANGANESE),EXH__7440020(NICKEL), 

EXH__83329(ACENAPENE), EXH__85018(PHENANTHR), 

EXH__86737(FLUORENE), EXH__93(ARSENIC)

EXH__200(HG), 

EXH__201(HGIIG

AS), 

EXH__202(PHGI)

on_noadj 

sector/ 

MOVES

.

BRK__PM10, BRK__PM2_5 ,TIR__PM10, TIR__PM2_5 ,EVP__VOC 

,EVP__71432 (benzene), EVP__91203 (naphthalene), EXH__106990 

(butadiene), EXH__107028 (acrolein),

EXH__50000 (formaldehyde), EXH__71432, EXH__75070 

(acetaldehyde), EXH__CO, EXH__NH3, EXH__NOX, EXH__SO2, 

EXH__VOC, EXH__91203 (Naphthalene), PEC POC PNO3 PSO4 

PMFINE and PMC (exhaust mode) for onroad diesel sources 

All except: 

EVP__91203 

(naphthalene), 

EXH__106990 

(butadiene), 

EXH__107028(acr

olein)EXH__91203 

(Naphthalene)

on_move

s_start 

PM and 

on_move

s_runpm 

sectors/ 

MOVES

PEC_72 POC_72 PNO3 PSO4 OTHER PMFINE_72 PMC_72 All except: 

NAPHTH_72 (all 

exhaust)
D-1

Appendix D: Approach to develop CMAQ PM2.5 species 

from Partially-speciated MOVES2010 EXHAUST PM2.5 for the 

2005 Platform, version 4.1

Introduction

This document presents the interim approach developed by OTAQ and OAQPS to speciate the 

partially speciated PM2.5 exhaust emissions from MOVES2010. The advantage of using this 

approach over the approach used for speciating total PM2.5 is that it allows the speciated 

emissions from MOVES; i.e., elemental carbon and particulate sulfate to be retained and only the 

remainder of the PM2.5 to rely on speciation profiles.

The table below shows the MOVES2010 exhaust PM2.5-related species and how they relate to 

the five CMAQ 4.7 model species: PEC, POC, PSO4, PNO3, and PMFINE

MOVES2010 Pollutant Name shortName

Variable 

name for 

Equations

Relation to CMAQ 

model species

Primary Exhaust PM2.5 - Total PM2.5 Total Exh PM25_TOTAL

Primary PM2.5 - Organic Carbon PM2.5 Organic C

PM25OM Sum2of POC, PNO3

and PMFINE

Primary PM2.5 - Elemental Carbon PM2.5 Elem C PM25EC PEC

Primary PM2.5 - Sulfate Particulate PM2.5 Sulfate PM25SO4 PSO4

We need to further disaggregate the MOVES species “PM25OM” into the CMAQ model 

species.

MOVES species are related as follows: PM25_TOTAL = PM25EC + PM25OM + PSO4 

The five CMAQ species also sum to total PM2.5: 

PM2.5 = POC+PEC+PNO3+PSO4+PMFINE

The next section discusses the procedure we used when using the draft version of MOVES prior 

to the MOVES2010 release. The issues with this approach and rationale for the changes to

MOVES2010 outputs are presented. 

Following this explanation, we describe the approach, data and assumptions used. 

 

2

For draft MOVES, for gasoline sources (in all cases using draft MOVES for the platform including 2005ai , 

2005ak, 2005ap), this MOVES pollutant also included PSO4, since it was the difference of total PM2.5 and PEC. 

With MOVES2010, this species is now the difference between total PM2.5 and the sum of PEC and PSO4.
D-2

The last section provides the equations used when when MOVES is run at 72 F, such as the case 

when pre-computed MOVES emissions are input into SMOKE, and are adjusted based on 

gridded hourly temperatures prior to be input into CMAQ.

Background: Previous Approach Using Draft MOVES

When we received output from the draft version of MOVES for gasoline vehicles (summer 

2008), it did not include Primary Exhaust PM2.5 - Total. MOVES output provided emissions for 

the following: 

1) Primary PM2.5 - Elemental Carbon (PEC)

2) Primary PM2.5 .- Sulfate Particulate (PSO4)

3) The difference between total PM2.5 and PEC, which was labeled “PM25OC”

The total PM2.5 and PEC (from which the MOVES PM25OC was derived) were based on the 

Kansas City Study; the MOVES PSO4 was based on the fuel sulfur content. In our previous 

approach, we first subtracted PSO4 from PM25OC prior to further speciating it into the 

necessary CMAQ inputs. 

When we tried to implement the same approach for draft MOVES for diesel vehicles, the PM2.5 

Sulfate exceeded the PM25OC. Therefore we chose not to subtract PM2.5 Sulfate. Note that the 

diesel results did not come from the Kansas City study and the actual relationship between 

PM2.5 Total Exhaust, PM2.5 Organic Carbon, and PEC is not necessarily the same as in the 

Kansas City study.

It should also be noted, that for the gasoline approach, the sulfates included in the gasoline-based 

“PM25OC” would have been specific to Kansas City and very small. It is possible that in other 

parts of the country or that for different years, the sulfate is much larger and would be 

inconsistent with the “PM25OC” of the Kansas City study. As a result, it was decided at the 

OTAQ/OAQPS Inventory Coordination Team meeting on February 25, 2010, that in the interim 

we will no longer remove PSO4 mass from MOVES “PM25OC” for neither gasoline nor 

diesel vehicles. 

In addition to the above changes, there were also changes to the values used for the speciation 

approach. Attachment 1 provides the details.

Ultimately, the plan is for MOVES to provide all of the species that CMAQ requires. In the 

meantime, adjustments will continue be made in a post processing step of the MOVES outputs 

that we describe in this document.
D-3

Approach for MOVES 2010

MOVES 2010 output provides total PM2.5 and three components of PM2.5: two pre-speciated 

components of PM2.5 which are: 1) PEC, and 2) PSO4, and a non-speciated component termed 

“PM25OM”, which is defined as the difference between total PM2.5 and PEC. 

It is important to note that PM25OM is not solely made up of organic matter, but is defined as 

the following:

MOVES total PM2.5 = PEC + PM25OM + PSO4 (1)

We can compute the CMAQ PM2.5 species from (1) the MOVES2010 output pollutants: PEC, 

PSO4 and PM25OM, and (2) the speciation profile for total PM2.5 exhaust. The equations used 

are presented below. 

MOVES total PM2.5 is the sum of the two pre-speciated components of PM2.5 and a remainder 

term, R.

MOVES total PM2.5 = PEC + PSO4 + R (2)

The remainder term is provided as a MOVES output

R = PM25OM (3)

The R term includes POM, which consists of POC and the hydrogen and oxygen atoms attached 

to the carbon as part of the organic matter, PNO3, soil oxides and metals (also known as 

“crustal” and called METAL here), ammonium, and water, and thus can be also written as:

R = POM + PNO3 + METAL + NH4 + H20 (4)

To correctly calculate the five PM2.5 species needed for CMAQ, we first needed to break out the 

POC, PNO3, and PMFINE from R. We can use the proportional relationship of known species 

to unknown species from the speciation profile. Note that there are different speciation profiles 

for gasoline vehicles, light duty diesel vehicles and heavy duty diesel vehicles. They are 

provided along with the corresponding data used for these calculations in Table 1. The primary 

nitrate is computed based on the ratio of nitrate to elemental carbon, i.e., FNO3 / FEC and metals 

component from the ratio of metals to elemental carbon, FMETAL / FEC using equations (5) and 

(6), respectively. 

PNO3 = PEC × FNO3 / FEC (5)

METAL = PEC× FMETAL / FEC (6)

where,

FEC = Fraction of elemental carbon in the speciation profile 

FNO3 = Fraction of nitrate in the speciation profile 

FMETAL = Fraction of metals in the speciation profile 
D-4

Table 1 shows the values for the above fractions and the profiles from which they are to be 

derived.

Table 1: Values and basis for fractions used to compute PNO3 and METAL 

Vehicle 

Type

SCC list Speciation Profile Code and 

Name1

Profile Percentages 

LDDV

All SCCs that 

begin with: 

2230001

2230002

2230003

2230004

2230005

2230006

92042 LDDV Exhaust – Simplified

91017 LDDV Exhaust - Composite

See Note 2

FEC = 57.48051203%

FNO3= 0.23%

FMETAL=0.6513%

HDDV

All SCCs that 

begin with: 

223007

92035 HDDV Exhaust – Simplified

3914 Diesel Exhaust

See Note 3

FEC = 77.1241%

FNO3= 0.1141%

FMETAL = 0.2757%

LDGV and 

HDGV

All SCCs that 

begin with 

2201

92050 Onroad Gasoline Exhaust –

Simplified

91022 Onroad Gasoline Exhaust -

Composite

FEC = 20.80113619%

FNO3 = 0.1015%

FMETAL = 2.2256%

NOTES

1. The values of FEC and FNO3 are the same in the simplified and non-simplified profiles. 

The value for FMETAL was computed from the non-simplified profile as the sum of percentages of 

all ions of the metals and metal elements in the profile. 

2. Previously (Attachment 1), for LDDV in the draft MOVES approach, we used the value of FNO3 and 

FMETAL from the HDDV profile. We changed so that all fractions for each species come from the 

LDDV

3. The value of FMETAL for HDDV previously used (Attachment 1 ) was corrected since it had 

inadvertently excluded the chloride ion percentage in the HDDV speciation profile.

Ammonium is based on stoichiometric calculations; the formula is shown in equation (7).

NH4 = (PNO3/MWNO3 +2 × PSO4/MWSO4) × MWNH4 (7)

MWSO4 = Molecular weight of sulfate (96.0576)

MWNO3 = Molecular weight of nitrate (62.0049)

MWNH4 = Molecular weight of ammonium (18.0383)

The final component of PMFINE is the non-carbon mass of organic carbon. To calculate the 

non-carbon mass, we first needed to compute organic carbon from the remainder term, R. 
D-5

A key assumption is that POM is a factor of 1.2 greater than the mass of primary organic carbon, 

which is also used in the CMAQ postprocessing software at EPA.

POM = 1.2 × POC (8)

Using this assumption and assuming that the H20 is negligible, the equation needed for the 

calculation of POC is shown in equation (9) below.

POC = 5/6 × (R – METAL – NH4 – PNO3) (9)

From equation (8), the non-carbon portion of the organic carbon matter is 20%, of the POC. By 

definition, PMFINE is the sum of the non-carbon portion of the mass, METAL and NH4. 

PMFINE = METAL + NH4 + 0.2 × POC (10)

For gasoline mobile sources, the PMC is 8.6% of the PM2.5 mass 

Gasoline vehicles only: PMC = 0.086 × (PMFINE + PEC + POC + PSO4 + PNO3) 

For diesel mobile sources, the PMC is 3.09% of the PM2.5 mass 

Diesel vehicles only: PMC = 0.0309 × (PMFINE + PEC + POC + PSO4 + PNO3)
D-6

Implementation for when MOVES-based emissions at 72 Fahrenheit are 

Input into SMOKE3

The equations below utilize the following MOVES 2010 outputs: 

PM25OM

PM25EC

PM25SO4

However, EXH_PM25 can be used for QA

All red-fonted variables are fed into SMOKE

All blue-fonted varilables are from MOVES output

Table 1 provides the values of the constants (italics): FNO3, FEC, FMETAL and RPM10-toPM25-1

The equations are 

(1) PEC_72 = PM25EC 

(2) PSO4 = PM25SO4

(3) PNO3 = PEC_72 × FNO3 / FEC

(4) METAL = PEC_72× FMETAL / FEC

(5) NH4 = (PNO3/62.0049 + 2×PSO4/96.0576) × 18.0383

(6) POC_72 = 5/6 × (PM25OM – METAL – NH4 – PNO3)

(7) OTHER = METAL+NH4

A program is used to compute temperature adjustments are made to the SMOKE 

intermediate files to produce POC and PEC. That program also computes the 

remainder of the species that are needed prior to the final SMOKE merge using the 

adjusted POC and PEC and other intermediate species. These species are shown in 

green font.

(8) POC = Look-up-table_Function (Temperature, POC_72)

(9) PEC = Look-up-table_Function (Temperature, PEC_72)

See below for lookup table functions

Note that OTHER, PNO3 and PSO4 are not temperature-adjusted and come 

directly from the SMOKE intermediate files

(10) PMFINE = OTHER + 0.2 × POC

(11) PMC = (RPM10-to-PM25-1) × (PMFINE + PEC + POC + PSO4 + PNO3)

 

3 This procedure is only needed for gasoline particulate exhaust emissions. For diesel emissions, we use the same 

equations but without the “_72” appended. 
D-7

Table D-1. Correction Factors to Adjust 72 F PM OC and EC Emissions for colder 

temperatures (supplied by Harvey Michaels, OTAQ, 9/5/2008)

Year

Temperature 

(degrees F)

Correction Factor for Running 

Exhaust Correction Factor for Start Exhaust

2005 -20 18.6454 70.7816

2005 -19 18.0618 67.5797

2005 -18 17.4965 64.5218

2005 -17 16.9488 61.6025

2005 -16 16.4183 58.8153

2005 -15 15.9045 56.1542

2005 -14 15.4067 53.6136

2005 -13 14.9244 51.1878

2005 -12 14.4573 48.8719

2005 -11 14.0048 46.6607

2005 -10 13.5665 44.5495

2005 -9 13.1418 42.5339

2005 -8 12.7305 40.6095

2005 -7 12.332 38.7722

2005 -6 11.9461 37.018

2005 -5 11.5721 35.3431

2005 -4 11.2099 33.744

2005 -3 10.8591 32.2173

2005 -2 10.5192 30.7596

2005 -1 10.1899 29.3679

2005 0 9.87099 28.0392

2005 1 9.56203 26.7706

2005 2 9.26275 25.5594

2005 3 8.97281 24.4029

2005 4 8.69197 23.2988

2005 5 8.41992 22.2447

2005 6 8.15638 21.2382

2005 7 7.90109 20.2773

2005 8 7.65378 19.3599

2005 9 7.41422 18.484

2005 10 7.18216 17.6477

2005 11 6.95736 16.8492

2005 12 6.73959 16.0868

2005 13 6.52865 15.359

2005 14 6.3243 14.6641

2005 15 6.12635 14.0006

2005 16 5.9346 13.3672

2005 17 5.74885 12.7624

2005 18 5.56891 12.1849

2005 19 5.39461 11.6337

2005 20 5.22576 11.1073

2005 21 5.06219 10.6048

2005 22 4.90375 10.125

2005 23 4.75026 9.66683

2005 24 4.60158 9.22946

2005 25 4.45755 8.81189

2005 26 4.31803 8.41321

2005 27 4.18288 8.03256

2005 28 4.05196 7.6691

2005 29 3.92513 7.32215

2005 30 3.80228 6.99088

2005 31 3.68327 6.67456

2005 32 3.56798 6.37257

2005 33 3.4563 6.08424

2005 34 3.34812 5.80897
D-8

Table D-1. Correction Factors to Adjust 72 F PM OC and EC Emissions for colder 

temperatures (supplied by Harvey Michaels, OTAQ, 9/5/2008)

2005 35 3.24333 5.54614

2005 36 3.14181 5.29521

2005 37 3.04347 5.05563

2005 38 2.94821 4.82689

2005 39 2.85593 4.6085

2005 40 2.76655 4.39999

2005 41 2.67995 4.20091

2005 42 2.59607 4.01085

2005 43 2.51481 3.82938

2005 44 2.4361 3.65612

2005 45 2.35985 3.4907

2005 46 2.28599 3.33277

2005 47 2.21444 3.18198

2005 48 2.14513 3.03801

2005 49 2.07799 2.90055

2005 50 2.01295 2.76932

2005 51 1.94994 2.64403

2005 52 1.88891 2.5244

2005 53 1.82979 2.41018

2005 54 1.77252 2.30114

2005 55 1.71704 2.19702

2005 56 1.66329 2.09762

2005 57 1.61123 2.00271

2005 58 1.5608 1.9121

2005 59 1.51195 1.82559

2005 60 1.46463 1.74299

2005 61 1.41878 1.66413

2005 62 1.37438 1.58883

2005 63 1.33136 1.51695

2005 64 1.28969 1.44832

2005 65 1.24932 1.38279

2005 66 1.21022 1.32022

2005 67 1.17234 1.26049

2005 68 1.13564 1.20346

2005 69 1.1001 1.14901

2005 70 1.06567 1.09703

2005 71 1.03231 1.04739

2005 72 1 1

ATTACHMENT 1 

Fractions of Utilized in Draft MOVES approach and rationale for the changes for MOVES 

2010

PNO3 = PEC × FNO3 / FEC

METAL = PEC × FMETAL / FEC

Vehicle/ SCC 

s

FNO3 value and basis FEC value and 

basis

FMETAL value and basis

LDDV: 

2230001000 

through 

2230060334

Previously used 0.1141%

Based on HDDV speciation 

profile (92035-simplified, 

3914-composite containing 

all species). 

57.4805%

Based on LDDV 

speciation profile 

(92042 simplified, 

91017, composite)

Previously used 0.2663% based 

on Value provided by 

Catherine Yanca and Joe 

Somers (OTAQ) to OAQPS in 

email provided 11/6/2009. It 
D-9

Vehicle/ SCC 

s

FNO3 value and basis FEC value and 

basis

FMETAL value and basis

Updated to use LDDV 

(92042 simplified, 91017, 

composite) the value is

0.23%

was based on the HDDV 

profile (3914)

Updated to use the LDDV profile 

for all LDDV fractions. Value 

changed to 0.6513% , computed 

using LDDV profile 91017

HDDV:

2230071110 

through 

2230075330

0.1141%

Based on HDDV speciation 

profile (92035-simplified, 

3914-composite containing 

all species). 

77.1241%

Based on HDDV 

speciation profile 

(92035-simplified, 

3914-composite 

containing all 

species). 

Previously used 0.2663% 

based on Value provided by 

Catherine Yanca and Joe 

Somers (OTAQ) to OAQPS in 

email provided 11/6/2009 

“Equations for diesel MOVES speciation use 

in CMAQ 110609.doc” 

Recomputed as 0.2757% 

using 3914. The difference is 

that the chloride ion percent 

was inadvertently left out of 

the 0.2663% value 

LDGV and 

HDGV

2201001 

through

220107

0.1015%

based on 

92050 simplified,

91022-composite

20.80113619%

based on 

92050 simplified,

91022-composite

2.2256% based on 

91022-composite