COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA 

Present: Chief Judge Fitzpatrick, Judges Frank and Clements 

CHRISTOPHER SHAWN HARRIS 

 MEMORANDUM OPINION* 

v. Record No. 0741-04-3 PER CURIAM 

 OCTOBER 5, 2004 

CAMPBELL COUNTY DEPARTMENT 

 OF SOCIAL SERVICES 

 FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF CAMPBELL COUNTY 

J. Samuel Johnston, Jr., Judge 

 (Mark B. Arthur; Fralin, Feinman, Coates & Kinnier, P.C., on brief), 

for appellant. 

 (David W. Shreve, County Attorney, on brief), for appellee. 

 (Kristin B. Wright; Overby, Hawkins, Selz & Wright, on brief), 

Guardian ad litem for the minor children. 

 Christopher Shawn Harris, father, appeals the trial court’s decision terminating his parental 

rights to his two minor children. Father contends the evidence was insufficient to support the 

termination of his parental rights pursuant to Code § 16.1-283(B)(1) because the court erred in 

finding that he failed to follow through with recommended and available treatment. Father also 

contends the evidence was insufficient to support the termination of his parental rights pursuant to 

Code § 16.1-283(B)(2) and 16.1-283(C) because the court erred in finding that he was unwilling or 

unable within a reasonable amount of time to substantially remedy the conditions requiring that the 

children remain in foster care. Upon reviewing the record and briefs of the parties, we conclude 

that this appeal is without merit. Accordingly, we summarily affirm the decision of the trial court. 

See Rule 5A:27. 

 *

 Pursuant to Code § 17.1-413, this opinion is not designated for publication. 
 - 2 - 

Background

 We view the evidence in the light most favorable to the prevailing party below and grant to 

it all reasonable inferences fairly deducible therefrom. See Logan v. Fairfax County Dep’t of 

Human Dev., 13 Va. App. 123, 128, 409 S.E.2d 460, 462 (1991). So viewed, the evidence 

established that when the children initially entered the foster care system, they had been living with 

their mother, Tammy Davis, while appellant was incarcerated for driving under the influence, third 

or subsequent offense, and for driving after having been declared a habitual offender. Karen 

Tinsley, a foster care worker, initially worked with Davis. After appellant was released from 

incarceration in July 2002, Tinsley “set him up” with Comprehensive Family Services and offered 

him psychological testing, parenting classes, and visitations with the children. Appellant was 

attending weekly AA meetings; other services relating to alcohol were not offered by Tinsley 

because that matter was being handled through appellant’s probation and it was her “sense” that 

appellant had not been drinking since his release from incarceration. 

 Dr. Andrew Anderson, a clinical psychologist, performed a psychological evaluation of 

appellant and determined that appellant’s limited understanding of child development and principles 

of parenting posed a risk to the children. Anderson also noted the additional risk of appellant’s 

history of alcohol abuse, and noted that if appellant drank as much alcohol as he said he did, he 

would be incapacitated a substantial amount of time. Appellant acknowledged he had never sought 

treatment for his alcohol abuse. At his first appointment with Anderson, appellant told Anderson he 

had not been drinking for twenty-five months. On November 9, 2002, before his next appointment 

with Anderson, appellant was seen drinking and driving and was involved in an altercation with 

Davis. Appellant moved frequently and failed to keep his probation officer apprised of where he 

actually lived or worked. Appellant failed to provide verification of his attendance at AA meetings 

as required by his probation officer. 
 - 3 - 

 Michele Chaffin, a Comprehensive Family Services employee, made an unannounced visit 

on November 9, 2002 to the residence where appellant and Davis were having an unsupervised visit 

with the children. Appellant was not there but when he returned, he smelled of alcohol, was 

unsteady on his feet, slurred his words and made nonsensical conversation. Chaffin left the 

residence to avoid alarming appellant or the children and called her supervisor, Desiree 

Blankenship. While Blankenship waited to meet Chaffin at a nearby convenience store, she saw 

appellant “whiz” into the store’s parking lot and park in an angle rather than in a parking “slot,” 

leave his car running while he entered the store to buy beer, and then return to his car and drive 

away. 

 Knowing that appellant had left the residence, Blankenship and another social worker, 

Crystal Roach, removed the children from the residence and returned them to their foster home. 

After the children were removed from the residence, Davis admitted to Chaffin that appellant had 

never stopped drinking and that he had been abusive, resulting in a protective order being issued 

against appellant. Davis told Roach that appellant had been drinking since he was released from jail 

and that she was “scared to say something” because it might prevent them from getting their 

children back. 

 Regina Wright, another Comprehensive Family Services employee, worked primarily with 

Davis but did advise appellant about specific services available to him and provided him with 

information. Wright stated that their role “was not to really do things for him so much but to 

provide him with information, encourage them and then it’s up to them to follow through with what 

they need to do.” Knowing that appellant needed to attend AA meetings according to appellant’s 

probation officer, Wright provided scheduling information about AA meetings. 

 Roach, who worked with the family after Wright, encouraged appellant to take a parenting 

class but appellant declined. Appellant stated that “he had done everything that Social Services had 
 - 4 - 

asked him to do” and that “he felt it was not necessary to do anything else” and that he was “very 

unavailable.” Roach made recommendations to appellant but understood that appellant’s probation 

officer “worked out” the recommendations and treatments for appellant’s alcohol problem. 

 On November 21, 2002, case worker Robbie Irby began working with appellant and was 

responsible for overseeing the case and managing the services. Due to appellant’s history of alcohol 

abuse, Irby offered him the Arise residential program. Irby agreed to coordinate that program and 

accompany appellant to the initial intake appointment. Irby told appellant the program would help 

him and that it was important for him to participate in the program in trying to get his children back. 

Appellant refused, stating that he already attended AA meetings and did not need a residential 

program. Appellant also refused the individual counseling offered, but did attend parenting classes. 

Irby asked appellant about the incident on November 9, 2002, and appellant denied that the incident 

had occurred. 

 Deborah Maxey, a family therapist who worked with appellant’s four-year-old child, 

advised Social Services that the child’s visits with appellant should be stopped because the child 

was traumatized and became disassociated when appellant was mentioned. When Maxey told 

appellant of her recommendation, appellant said he had a right to see his child and reacted as if he 

was being victimized. Maxey explained that this was not about his rights, but was about what was 

happening to the child and asked appellant for his help. Maxey asked seven times whether 

appellant could think of anything he could have done that contributed to the child being in foster 

care, and seven times appellant did not answer the question but continued talking about “his rights.” 

Maxey opined that appellant was only concerned about himself and did not seem to care about what 

was happening to his child. 
 - 5 - 

Analysis

 When considering termination of a parent’s residual rights to a child, “the paramount 

consideration of a trial court is the child’s best interests.” Logan, 13 Va. App. at 128, 409 S.E.2d at 

463. On review, “[a] trial court is presumed to have thoroughly weighed all the evidence, 

considered the statutory requirements, and made its determination based on the child’s best 

interests.” Farley v. Farley, 9 Va. App. 326, 329, 387 S.E.2d 794, 795 (1990). “The trial court’s 

judgment, when based on evidence heard ore tenus, will not be disturbed on appeal unless plainly 

wrong or without evidence to support it.” Logan, 13 Va. App. at 128, 409 S.E.2d at 463. 

 Pursuant to Code § 16.1-283(B), the trial court may terminate a parent’s parental rights if the 

neglect or abuse suffered by the children presents a serious threat to their life, health or 

development. Proof that the parent is addicted to intoxicating liquors seriously impairing his 

parental ability and “without good cause, has not responded to or followed through with 

recommended and available treatment that could have improved the capacity for adequate parental 

functioning” is prima facie evidence of the conditions set out in Code § 16.1-283(B)(2). Appellant 

clearly has an alcohol problem. He had been incarcerated for driving under the influence, third or 

subsequent offense. He was on probation on November 9, 2002, the day Chaffin visited the home 

and found appellant intoxicated and the day Blankenship saw him buy beer and drive away despite 

the fact that he was violating his probation by drinking and by driving. Davis acknowledged that 

appellant had been drinking since his release from incarceration. After November 9, 2002, Irby 

encouraged appellant to enter the Arise residential program. Irby offered to coordinate the program 

and accompany appellant to the initial intake appointment. Irby told appellant the program would 

help him and that it was important for him to participate in the program in trying to get his children 

back. Appellant refused, stating that he already attended AA meetings and did not need a 

residential program. The Department of Social Services is not required to “force its services upon 
 - 6 - 

an unwilling or disinterested parent.” Harris v. Lynchburg Div. of Soc. Servs., 223 Va. 235, 243, 

288 S.E.2d 410, 415 (1982). 

 Pursuant to Code § 16.1-283(C), the trial court may terminate a parent’s parental rights if, 

based upon clear and convincing evidence, it is in the children’s best interest and if the parent 

without good cause has been unwilling or unable within a reasonable period of time to remedy the 

conditions which led to or required continuation of foster care, notwithstanding reasonable and 

appropriate efforts of services agencies. Appellant was offered extensive services to enable him to 

remedy the conditions that led to the children’s placement into foster care. Appellant’s drinking and 

driving on November 9, 2002, during the time of his children’s visitation, led to the return of his 

children to foster care. Although appellant attended some parenting classes, he refused to go to the 

Arise program and stopped verifying his attendance at AA meetings. “It is clearly not in the best 

interests of a child to spend a lengthy period of time waiting to find out when, or even if, a parent 

will be capable of resuming his responsibilities.” Kaywood v. Halifax County Dep’t of Soc. Servs., 

10 Va. App. 535, 540, 394 S.E.2d 492, 495 (1990). 

 This record supports the trial court’s finding that the best interests of the children would be 

served by terminating appellant’s parental rights pursuant to Code § 16.1-283(B) and (C). It is 

apparent that appellant has been unwilling to remedy the conditions that require continuation of the 

children’s foster care placement. Accordingly, we summarily affirm the judgment. See Rule 

5A:27. 

 Affirmed.