.. 

. •' 

Please do not destroy or throw away this publication. If you have no further use 

for it, write to the Geolo.gical Survey at Washington and ask for a frank to return it 

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 

Harold L. Ickes, Secretary 

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

W. C. Mendenhall. Director 

Professional Paper 175-A 

\ 

MIOCENE FORA~IINIFERA OF THE COASTAL PLAIN 

OF THE EASTERN UNITED STATES 

BY 

. JOSEPH AUGUSTINE CUSHMAN 

AND 

EDGAR D. CAHILL 

Shorter contributions to gener-al geology, 1932-33 

(Pages 1-50) 

UNITED STATFB 

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 

WASHINGTON : 1933 

Foc sale by the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D . C. - - - Pri.ce 15 cents 
CONTENTS 

Abstract ______ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Introduction ____________________________ _______________________ _____________________________________________ _ 

Localities of foraminiferal materiaL ________________________________ _ :... __________________________________________ _ 

Choctawhatchee formation of Florida _____________________ ____ _____________________________________________ _ 

Duplin marl, South Carolina ______________________________ · ____________________________________ ~ ____________ _ 

Duplin marl, North Carolina ________________________________________________ ___ __________ ___ - __ -- ___ - - _____ _ 

Yorktown formation, North Carolina __________ ~ _________________ ____________ ____ :... _________________________ _ 

Yorktown formation, Virginia ____________ __________________ __ ______ .. ________ ~ _____________________________ _ 

St. Marys formation, Virginia _________________ __ ____ ______________________________________________________ _ 

Calvert formation, Maryland ___________________ ________ ___________ _ :.. ___________________________________ 7 __ 

Choptank formation, Maryland ____________________________________________ ______ ____________ - _________ ___ -

St. Marys formation, Maryland ___________________ __ _____ ______ _________________________ ----_-------_-----_ 

Section of Calvert formation at Chesapeake Beach, Md ____________ .., __________________________ - - __ -- _____________ --

Descriptions of species ______________ ~ _________________________________________________ -----_-------------_-_-_ 

ILLUSTRATIONS 

Page 

1 

1 

3 

3 

3 

3 

3 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

5 

PLATES 1-13. Miocene Foraminifera of the Atlantic Coastal Plain-------------------------------------------------- 37-50 

INSERT 

Distribution of Foraminifera of the Miocene of the Atlantic Coastal Plain------------------------------------------- 2 

II 
SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENE.RAL GEOLOGY, 1932-33 

MIOCENE FORAMINIFERA OF THE COASTAL PLAIN OF THE EASTERN UNITED STATES 

r . 

By JosEPH AuGUSTINE CusHMAN and EDGAR D. CAHILL 

ABSTRACT 

In this paper 134 species or varieties of Foraminifera from the 

Chesapeake group of Maryland and Virginia, the Duplin marl 

of the Carolinas, and the Choctawhatchee formation of Florida 

are described and figured. Of these, 2 species or varieties are 

first known from the Jurassic, 7 from the Upper Cretaceous, 15 

from the Eocene, 11 from the Oligocene, 4 extend into the 

Pliocene, 1 into the Pleistocene, and 79 are still living. The 

following species are described as new: 

Millettella spinata. I Massilina glutinosa. 

Urnulina rotundata. M. mansfieldi. 

Massilina marylandica. Rotalia bassleri. 

INTRODUCTION 

In the following report the species of Foraminifera 

found in the Miocene of the Coastal Plain region of the 

eastern United States from Florida to Ma.ryland are 

described and recorded. Numerous papers have been 

published on this region, some of which, however, are 

largely lists. Where the original material on which a 

paper was based has not been available for the present 

study, the records have been omitted, as it is very 

difficult to place the species in their proper position 

without seeing the actual specimens. 

In a previous paper 1 the senior author hn.s recorded 

and figured much Miocene material frmn this same 

general region. In a more recently published paper 2 

the Miocene Foraminifera of the Choctawhatchee 

formation of Florida were described and figured. 

The subject matter of that paper has been used here, 

and all the specimens which were available for study 

have again been gone over. Through the eourtesy of 

Mr. Herman Gunter, State geologist of Florida, 

it has been possible to use a part of tp.e original figures 

that we:r;e drawn for the Florida report. ~rhese have 

been used to illustrate species which are either confined to Florida or are not well represented by good 

' specimens for illustration in the collections northward 

from Florida. The other illustrations have been 

drawn directly from material from the more northern 

States. Much new material from North Carolina, 

Virginia, and Maryland has been available for the 

present studies. A list of all these stations may be 

found oh a later page. 

1 Cushman, J. A., Some Pliocene and Miocene Foraminifera of the Coas.tal 

Plain of the United States: U. S. Geol. Survey Bull. 676, 1918. 

2 Cushman, J. A., The Foraminifera of the Choctawhatchee formation of Florida: · 

Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 4, 1930. • 

An attempt has been made to place the species described in Bulletin 676 in the present scheme of classification and to restudy those species in the light of later 

collections. f.rhe references under the different species, 

therefore, will serve to place those species recorded in 

the earlier report and make them consist~nt with the 

present classification and the present understanding of 

the limits of specific differentiation, which are· more 

exact because of the very much greater amount of 

material now available for study. 

While this paper was in proof Bulletin 9 of the 

Florida State Geological ~urvey appeared, on the Foraminifera of the upper, middle, and part of the lower 

Miocene of Florida. This bulletin deals with a wider 

range of Mi<;>eene material than is included in the 

present paper, which is confined to the Choctawhatchee 

as far as Florida is concerned. To bring this paper as 

nearly up to date as possible references to Bulletin 9 of 

the Florida Survey have been inserted under the species 

and notes added on the distribution of those species. 

There are, however, a number of new records and 

new species in Bulletin 9, which are noted below, with 

references to page, plate, and figure, that these may be 

available to the reader of this paper. 

Textularia candeiana D'Orbigny, p. 41, pl. 8, figs. 4a, b. 

Textularia foliacea Heron-Allen and Earland var. occidentalis 

Cushman, p. 41, pl. 1, figs. 4, 5. 

Textularia warreni Cushman and Ellisor, p. 42, pl. 1, figs. 6a, b. 

Bigenerina florZ:dana Cushman and Ponton, p. 42, pl. 1, 

figs. 9-12. 

Clavulina trican:nata D'Orbigny, p. 43, pl. 1, figs. 13a, b. 

Quinque oculina candeiana D'Orbigny, p. 44, pl. 2, figs. la-c. 

Quinqueloculina costata D'Orbigny, p. 44, pl. 2, figs. 2, 3. 

Quinque oculina crassa D'Orbigny var. subcuneata Cushman, 

p. 45, pl. 2 figs. 5a-c. 

Quinqueloculina chipolensis Cushman and Ponton, p. 45, 

pl. 3, figs. 1-3. 1 

Massilina inaequalis Cushman, p. 46, pl. 3, figs. 4a-c. 

Massilina bosciana (D'Orbigny), p. 46, pl. 3, figs. 5a·-c. 

Massilina quadrans Cushman and Ponton, p. 47, pl. 3, figs. 6-8. 

Massilinla gunt1lri Cushman and Ponton, p. 47, pl. 4, figs. 

la-c. 

Massilina incisa Cushman and Ponton, p. 47, pl. 4, figs. 2-6. 

M assili a spinata Cushman and Ponton, p. 48, pl. 5, figs. 1..:.3. 

Massili a spinata Cushman and Ponton var. chipolensis 

Cushman lloiid ~onton, p. 48, pl. 5, figs. 4--6. 

MassiliJa spinata Cushman and Ponton va.r. glabrata Cushman and Honton, p. 49, pl. 5, figs. 7a-c. 

Spiroloct ina grateloupi D'Orbigny, p. 49. 

1 
2 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY, 1932-33 

Hauerina bradyi Cushman, p. 50, pl. 6, figs. la-c. 

Articulina sagra D'Orbigny var. miocenica Cushman and 

Ponton, p. 51, pl. 6, figs. 2-4. 

Articulina mayori Cushman, p. 51, pl. 6, figs. 5a, b. 

Triloculina trigonula Lamarck, p. 52, pl. 6, figs. 6a-c. 

Triloculina oblonga (Montagu), p. 52, pl. 6, figs. 7a-c. 

Triloculina gracilis D'Orbigny, p. 53, pl. 6, figs. 8, 9. 

Triloculina quadrilateralis D'Orbigny, p. 53, pl. 7, figs. la-c. 

Triloculina quadrilateralis D'Orbigny var. longicostata Cushman and Ponton, p. 53, pl. 7, figs. 2a-c. 

Triloculina rotunda D'Orbigny, p. 54, pl. 6, figs. lOa-c. 

Triloculina brongniartii D'Orbigny, p. 54, pl. 6, figs. 11a-c. 

Flintina jloridana Cushman and Ponton, p. 55, pl. 7, figs. 3-6. 

Pyrgo denticulata (H. B. Brady), p. 56, pl. 7, figs. 7, 8. 

Vertebralina cassis D'Orbigny, p. 57, pl. 8, figs. la, b. 

Vertebralina multilocularis (H. B. Brady, Parker and Jones), 

p. 57, pl. 8, figs. 2, 3. 

Robulus vaughani (Cushman), p. 59, pl. 8, figs. 5-10. 

Marginulina glabra D'Orbigny (?), p. 59, pl. 8, figs. 12a, b. 

Lingulina sp. (?), p. 60, pl. 12, figs. 13a, b. 

Nodosaria calomorpha Reuss, p. 61, pl. 9, fig. 7. 

Nodosaria longiscata Reuss, p. 62. 

Lagena marginata (Walker and Jacob), p. 63, pl. 8, fig. 13. 

Lagena gracilis Williamson, p. 64, pl. 9, figs. 8, 9. 

Lagena quadrata (Williamson), p. 64, pl. 12, figs. 17, 18. 

Guttulina lactea (Walker and Jacob), p. 65, pl. 9, figs 15a, b. 

Guttulina caudata D'Orbigny, p. 65, pl. 9, figs. 16, 17. 

Guttulina roemeri (Reuss), p. 66. 

Globulina inaequalis Reuss var. caribaea D'Orbigny, p. 66, 

pl. 10, fig. 2. 

Polymorphina advena Cushman, p. 67, pl. 10, fig. 4. 

Sigmomorphina pearceyi Cushman and Ozawa, p. 67, pl. 10, 

figs. 5a, b. 

Sigmomorphina undulosa· (Terquem), p. 68, pl. 10, figs. 6a-c. 

Elphidium fimbriatulum (Cushman), p. 70, pl. 11, figs. 2a, b. 

Elphidium chipolensis (Cushman), p. 70, pl. 11, figs. 3a, b. 

Peneroplis proteus D'Orbigny, p. 71, pl. 10, figs. 7-11, 14. 

Peneroplis bradyi Cushman, p. 72, pl. 10, figs. 12, 13. 

Sorites (?) sp. (?), p. 72, pl. 17, figs. 1-8. 

Pavonina miocenica Cushman and Ponton, p. 73, pl. 12, figs. 

19a, b. 

Amphimorphina sp. (?), p. 75, pl. 11, figs. 4-6. 

Nodogenerina advena Cushman and Laiming, p. 75, pl. 11, 

fig. 10. 

Buliminella subteres (H. B. Brady), p. 76, pl. 11, figs. 9a, b. 

Bulimina marginata D'Orbigny, p. 77, pl. 11, fig. 12. · 

Bulimina buchiana D'Orbigny, p. 78, P.L 12, figs. la, b. 

Bulimina ovata D'Orbigny, p. 78, pl. 11, fig. 11. 

Globobulimina pacifica Cushman, p. 79, pl. 12, fig. 2. 

Virgulina pontoni Cushman, p. 80, pl. 12, figs. 10, 11. 

Virgulina (Virgulinella) gunteri Cushman ·var. curtata Cushman and Ponton, p. 80, pl. 12, fig. 8. 

Bolivina plicatella Cushman1 var. mera Cushman and Ponton, 

p. 82, pl. 12, figs. 4a, b. 

Bolivina advena Cushman, p. 83, pl. 12, fig. 3. 

Bolivina robusta H. B. BradjY, p. 83, pl. 12, fig. 5. 

Uvigerina peregrina Cushmlin, p. 85. 

Uvigerina parkeri Karrer, p: 86, pl. 12, figs. 12a, b. 

Patellina corrugata Williamson, p. 87, pl. 13, figs. la, b. 

Discorbis candeian·a (D'Orbigny) var. bullata Cushman arid 

Ponton, p. 89, pl. 13, figs. 5a-c. 

Lamarckina atlantica Cushman, p. 91, pl. 13, figs. 7a-c. 

Eponides repandus (Fichtel and Moll), p. 92, pl. 13, figs. 

9a-c. 

Eponides antillarum (D'Orbigny), p. 93, pl. 14, figs. la-c. 

Siphonina jacksonensis Cushman and Applin var. limbosa 

Cushman, p. 94, pl. 14, figs. 2a-c. 

Asterigerina carinata D'Orbigny, p. 94. 

Asterigerina miocenica Cushman and Ponton, p. 95, pl. 14, 

figs. 4a-c. 

A phistegina jloridana Cushman and Ponton, p. 96, pl. 14, 

figs. 6, 7. 

A phistegina chipolensis Cushman and Ponton, p. 96, pl. 15, 

figs. la-c. 

C ssidulina chipolensis Cushman and Ponton, p. 98, pl. 15, 

figs. 2a-c. 

Hastigerina pelagica (D'Orbigny), p. 99. 

Orbulina universa D'Orbigny, p . 99. 

Cycloloculina miocenica Cushman and Ponton, p. 99, pl. 15, 

figs. ,3, 4. 

Cfbicides refulgens (Montfort), p. 101. 

Cibicidella variabilis (D'Orbigny), p. 102, pl. 15, figs. 5-7. 

A nulocibicides projectus Cushman and Ponton, p. 103, pl. 

16, .figs. la, b. 

Rectocibicides miocenicus Cushman and Ponton, p. 103, pl. 

16, figs. 2-4. 

Acervulina chipolensis Cushman and Ponton, p. 104, pl. 16, 

figs. 7, 8. 

Gypsina vesicularis (Parker and Jones), p. 105, pl. 16, figs. 

9a, b. 

The Miocene Foraminifera of this region are very 

definiteiy related · to the pre~ent-day fauna off these 

same shores. Some of the localities have species which 

are characteristic of warn1-water localities in the present 

West Indian and Florida regions and undoubtedly 

represent deposits in warmer waters. Many of these 

species are not known from the Northern States. On 

the other hand, many of the species of the Calvert 

formation of Maryland, for instance, do not extend 

southward to Florida and undoubtedly represent 

deposits in colder waters. 

There are numerous species that differ specifically 

from the living allied species now found off these same 

coasts. Other species are of especial interest, as they 

represent Miocene American forms closely related to 

Miocene species known hitherto only from central 

Europe. Examples of this are seen in the genus 

Pseudarcella and in son1e of the species of Virgulina. 

Owing to the newer methods of flotation in carbon 

tetrachloride, even sands that are relatively poor in 

Foraminifera have yielded a very fair fauna, and a 

great deal of time has been saved in the handling of 

this material. By this method it is possible to determine also the relative abundance of many of the species, 

a feature not previously determinable. 

The accompanying table shows the distribution by 

stations grouped according to States and formations. 

The United States Geological Survey station numbers 

are used so far as available; for material that came from 

other sources, the locality itself is given in abbreviated 

form. A reference to the list of sta.tions will give the 

full data for all these localities. 

Our thanks are due to numerous persons for supplying materials used in the present studies. These have 

been obtained chiefly by Dr. W. C. Mansfield, of the 

United States Geological Survey, and Dr. R. S. 

Bassler, of the United States National Museum. 

Thanks are also due to Mr. 'Herman Gunter, State 
MIOCENE FORAMINIFERA OF COASTAL PLAIN OF EASTERN UNITED STATES 3 

geologist of Florida, for his cooperation in allowing the 

use of many of the original drawings prepared for 

Florida Geological Survey Bulletin 4. Credit should 

be given to Miss Margaret S. Moore, for her careful 

drawing of the spec.i.n1ens illustrating this report, both 

those of the earlier Florida report and the additional 

ones here included, and to 1vliss Alice E. Cushman and 

Miss Elizabeth C. Knott for their work in preparing 

the manuscript and tables. Miss Frances L. Parker 

also rendered valuable aid in picking out andmounting 

the material from the Chesapeake Beach section. 

The holotypes and figured specimens are to be deposited in the collections of the United States National 

Museum, and paratypes of the new species and duplicates of the others so far as these are available are in 

the collections of the Cushman Laboratory at Sharon, 

Mass. 

LOCALITIES OF FORAMINIFERAL MATERIAL 

The numbers given are those of the United States 

Geological Survey catalogue of Tertiary localities, the 

fraction signifying numbers above 10000-for example, 

1/953 means 10953. This system is not now being 

followed, but localities originally so numbered are still 

listed in this fashion. 

CHOCTAWHATCHEE FORMATION OF FLORIDA 

BAY COUNTY 

1/953. R. L. Gainer farm, on Econfina River, about 1 mile 

below Econfina Bridge, sec. 4, T. 1 S., R. 13 W., Bay County, 

Fla. W. C. Mansfield, collector, Oct. 30, 1925. 

1/682. Bryant Scott's farm, a quarter of a mile above mouth 

of branch entering Econfina Creek near bridge at Econfina, Bay 

County, Fla. Julia A. Gardner, collector, Nov. 14, 1923. 

CALHOUN COUNTY 

1/954. Fourmile Creek, half a mile northwest of Clarksville, 

Calhoun County, Fla.; lowest bed exposed in the creek. W. C. 

Mansfield, collector, Nov. 2, 1925. 

1/960. Darlings Slide, about 2Yz miles (air line) southeast of 

Clarksville, Calhoun County, Fla. W. C. Mansfield, collector, 

Nov. 2, 1925. 

LEON COUNTY 

1/946. SW. X sec. 9, T. 1 S., R. 3 W., on Harveys Creek 

about 1% miles southeast of road from Tallahassee to Bloxham, 

Leon County, Fla. W. C. Mansfield, collector, Nov.14, 1925. 

1/964. Sec. 8, T. 1 S., R. 3 W., small stream entering Harveys 

Creek at an abandoned mill, Leon County, ·li'la.; highest bed 

exposed. W. C. Mansfield, collector, Nov. 16, 1925. 

1/965. Sec. 8, T. 1 S., R. 3 W., Harveys Creek at abandoned 

mill about half a mile above road leading to Bloxham, Leon 

County, Fla.; lower bed of the Choctawhatchee, here exposed 

and resting upon Alum Bluff group. W. C. Mansfield, collector, 

Oct. 17 and Nov. 15, 1925. 

1/966. Double Branch, about 6 miles east of Jackson Bridge, 

sec. 8, T. 1 S., R. 3 W., just above the bridge on road to Jackson 

Bridge, Leon County, Fla. W. C. Mansfield, collector, Oct. 

17, 1925. 

1/967. Lower upper Miocene bed at Jackson Bluff, left bank 

of Ochlockonee River, just above the bridge, Leon County, Fla. 

W. C. Mansfield, collector, Oct. 16, 1925. 

LIBERTY COUNTY 

1/670. Upper fossiliferous bed at Alum Bluff, Apalachicola 

River, Liberty County, Fla. Julia A. Gardner, collector, Dec. ~ 

23, 1923. 

1/956. Upper fossiliferous bed at Alum Bluff, Apalachicola 

River, Liberty County, Fla·. W. C. Mansfield and E. C. 

Bracewell, collectors, Nov. 5, 1925. 

1/958. Old Coe's Mill, about 1% miles northwest of Hosford, 

Liberty County, ]fla. W. C. Mansfield and E. C. Bracewell, 

collectors, Nov. 6, 1925. 

1/961. On S. D. Johnson's place near Woods, sec. 26, T. 1 

S., R. 8 W., Liberty County, Fla. W. C. Mansfield and E. C. 

Bracewell, eollectors, Nov. 7, 1925. 

1/962. Cut in road leading to Watson's Landing, about 2 miles 

north of Alum Bluff, Liberty County, Fla. Choctawhatchee 

formation. W. C. Mansfield and E. C. Bracewell, collectors, 

Nov. 10, 1925. 

WALTON COUNTY 

1/671. Red Bay, Jim Kennedy Branch, Walton County, Fla. 

Julia A. Gardner, collector, Oct. 26, 1923. 

1/673. E. Gomillion's place, Red Bay, Walton County, Fla. 

Julia A. Gardner, collector, Oct. 26, 1923. 

1/947. Jim Kennedy Branch, about 1 mile east of Red Bay, 

Walton County, Fla.; lowest fossiliferous bed. W. C. Mansfield, 

collector, Oct. 24, 1925. 

1/948. John Anderson farm, three-fourths of a mile east of 

Red Bay, Walton County, Fla. W. C. Mansfield, collector, 

Oct. 20, 1925. 

1/950. E. Gomillion's place, about half a mile east of Red 

Bay and about one-fifth of a mile from the Gomillion residence, 

Walton County, F'la. · W. C. Mansfield, collector, Oct. 20, 1925. 

WASHINGTON COUNTY 

1/422. Hamlin Pond, near range line between T. 1 N., R. 13 

W., and T .. 1 N., R. 14 W., about 10 miles south of Wausau, 

Washingto~ County, Fla. C. W. Cooke and Julia A. Gardner, 

collectors, June 2£1, 1921. 

1/706. Gully Sink, probably in sec. 14, T. 1 N., R. 14 W., 

about 10 miles south of Wausau, Washington County, Fla. 

C. W. Cooke and Julia A. Gardner, collectors, June 25, 1921. 

1/955. Gully Sink, T. 2 N., R. 14 (?) W., Washington County, 

Fla. W. C. Mam;field, collector, Oct. 29, 1925. 

Old Frazier farm, NW. ~~ SE. X sec. 18, T. 2 N., R. 19 W., 

Baker County, Fla. 

DUP:LIN MARL, SOUTH CAROLINA 

Muldrows Mills, S. C. 

Mayesville, S. C. 

Beech Bank, Edisto River, S.C. 

DUPJ~IN MARL, NORTH CAROLINA 

6316. Wilmington, N. C. 

11820. Marl pit on A. R. Chesnut's farm, 3 miles southwest 

of Kenansville, Duplin County, N. C. W. C. Mansfield, collector, June 14, H'28. 

11824. Road cut about 4 miles southeast of Lumberton, near 

hill at first crossing of Lumber River on road to Wilmington, 

Robeson County, N. C. W. C. Mansfield, collector, May 29, 

1928. 

11831. On John Miller's place, three-quarters of a mile south 

of Poplar Grove and about 5 miles west of Faison, Sampson 

County, N. C. Vv. C. Mansfield, collector, June 25, 1928. 

YORKTOWN FORMATION, NORTH CAROLINA 

1/222. Right bank of Meherrin River at Murfreesboro, Hertford County, N. C., about one-eighth of a mile above highway 
.4 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY, 1932-33 

bridge; lowest bed at water level and to 3 or . 4 feet above. 

W. C. Mansfield, collector, June 10, 1922. 

11835. Right bank of Tar River at Boyd Bridge, about 1 mile 

north of Grimesland, Pitt County, N. C.; exposed up to about 

8 feet above the water level. W. C. Mansfield, collector, June 

19, 1928. 

11836. Marl pit on W. G. Peacock's place, about 1% miles 

east of Fremont, Wayne County, N. C. W. C. Mansfield, 

collector, June 27, 1928. 

11837. Marl pile about 5 miles slightly southwest of Washington and about 1 mile north of main road between Greenville 

and Washington, Beaufort County, N. C. W. C. Mansfield, 

collector, June 19, 1928. 

YORKTOWN FORMATION, VIRGINIA 

1/188. Lo~est portion of the Turritella bed of Harris, right 

bank of York River 2 miles below Yorktown, Va., about oneeighth mile below United States fuel station. W. C. Mansfield, 

collector, May 19, 1922. 

1/193. About 1% III.iles below Yorktown, half a mile below 

prominent projecting point, York River, York County, Va.; 

lower bed of fragmental series. W. C. Mansfield, collector, 

May 19, 1922. 

1/201. Bank of Nansemond River, rising from tidal flats at 

Suffolk, N ansemond County, V a.; exposure well shown here, 

the bank having been cut by oil company in placing of storage 

tanks; Mulinia congesta very abundant. W. C. Mansfield, 

collector, May 24, 1922. 

1/205. Bed 3, or the comminuted bed, in section along Tormentor Creek, Isle of Wight County, Va. W. C. Mansfield, 

collector, May 25, 1922. 

1/216. Left bank of Nottoway River at bend at Sycamore, 

Southampton County, V a. W. C. Mansfield, collector, June 2, 

1922; supplementary collection by W. C. Mansfield and W. P. 

Popenoe, June 25, 1927. 

1/234. Lower bed exposed from water level to 4~ feet above, 

on right bank of James River just below Fergu~ons Wharf 

(~Rushmere), Isle of Wight County, Va. W. C. Mansfield, 

collector, June 16, 1922. 

1/251. About half a mile above Baylor Lane, western branch 

of Lieutenant Run, western section of Petersburg, Dinwiddie 

County, Va.; upper bed. W. C. Mansfield, collector, June 24, 

1922; supplementary collection by W. C. Mansfield and W. P. 

Popenoe, June, 1927. 

1/470a. Just below Old Grove Wharf, left bank of James 

River, about 2 miles below Camp Wallace, James City County, 

Va.; lowest bed exposed in section. W. C. Mansfield, collector, 

June 22, 1923. 

ST. MARYS FORMATION, VIRGINIA 

1/241. Just below College Run on Cobham Bay, right bank 

of James River, Surry County, Va.; bed outcropping at water 

level. W. C. Mansfield and J. Green, collectors, June 17, 1922. 

1/543. Half a mile to 1 mile below Sunken Marsh Creek. 

James River, Surry County, Va.; lowest bed, basal bed along 

river. W. C. Mansfield, collector, Oct. 16, 1923. 

CALVERT FORMATION, MARYLAND 

Chesapeake Beach, Md. 

·Plum Point, Md. 

Near Centerville, Md. 

CHOPTANK FORMATION, MARYLAND 

1/750. Point of Rocks, about 1~ miles below Flag Pond, 

Chesapeake Bay, Calvert County, Md.; bed directly beneath 

the first indurated layer above the beach; top of bed is about 20 

feet above the beach; zone 19 of Maryland report. W. C. 

Mansfield and W. P. Popenoe, collectors, Nov. 15, 1924. 

1/752. About 2% miles below Governor Run, Chesapeake 

Bay, Calvert County, Md.;. the most fossiliferous bed, which 

crops out 3 to 4 feet above the beach up to about 18 feet; zone 17 

of the Maryland Geological Survey. W. C. Mansfield and 

W. P. Popenoe, collectors, Nov. 16, 1924. 

1/753. One mile above Governor Run, Chesapeake Bay, 

Calvert County, Md.; lower fossiliferous bed of the Choptank 

formation, or zone 17 of the Maryland Geological Survey; the 

base of this bed is about 28 to 30 feet above the beach. W. C. 

Mansfield and W. P. Popenoe, collectors, Nov. 14, 1924. 

1/754. Half a mile above Governor Run, Chesapeake Bay, 

Calvert County, Md.; highest fossiliferous zone, or zone 19 of 

the Maryland Geological Survey; the base of this bed is about 

55 feet above the beach. W. C. Mansfield and W. P. Popenoe, 

collectors, Nov. 14, 1924. 

ST. MARYS FORMATION, MARYLAND 

1/66. Just south of Chancellor Point, St. Marys County, 

Md. W. C. Mansfield, collector, June 14, 1920. 

1/748. Little Cove Point and a little below, Chesapeake Bay, 

Calvert County, Md.; second bed, the base of which is about 20 

feet above the beach. W. C. Mansfield and W. P. Popenoe, 

collectors, Nov. 17, 1924. 

1/749. Same as 1/748; a general collection taken from all the 

beds. W. C. Mansfield and W. P. Popenoe, collectors, Nov. 17, 

1924. 

1/903. About 1 mile above site of Langley house, Langleys 

Bluff, Chesapeake Bay, St. Marys County, Md.; just below 

contact with Pleistocene. L. W. Stephenson, W. C. Mansfield, 

and W. P. Popenoe, collectors, June 27, 1925. 

SECTION OF CALVERT FORMATION AT CHESAPEAKE 

BEACH, MD. 

The cliffs at Chesapeake Beach have long been 

known as a classic locality for Miocene fossils of various 

groups. A considerable number of Fora:mlnifera have 

been previously recorded from this locality. On a 

visit to this locality with Dr. R. S. Bassler, of the 

United States National Museum, it occurred to the 

senior author that it might be interesting to see what a 

close study of the Foraminifera of the different beds · 

might show in the way of selective distribution. As a 

result Doctor Bassler later collected a series of eight 

samples from the Chesapeake Beach section which 

were studied in detail. The position of these samples 

is indicated by Doctor Bassler in the accompanying 

section of the beds at Chesapeake Beach.3 His numbers are given ~n parentheses at the left. 

Chesapeake Beach section 

Feet 

Yellow sandy clay (zone 15)------------ --------- 9 

Yellow sandy clay (zone 14)___________________ __ 5 

(8) Blue sandy clay changing to yellowish-brown sandy 

clay in the upper 12 feet, fossiliferous throughout 

upper portion (zone 13) _- _-------------------- 32 

Greenish-brown sandy clay bearing fossil casts (zone 

12)----------------------------------------- 2~ 

Greenish-brown sa~dy clay (zone 11)------------- 5 

a Shattuck, G. B., .Maryland Geol. Survey, Miocene, p. lxxxvii, 1904. 
MIOCENE P'ORAMINIFERA OF COASTAL PLAIN OF EASTERN UNITED STATES 5 

(7) Grayish-green sand containing some clay carrying 

I Turritella indentata, Phacoides anodonta, Crassatellites melinus, Astarte cuneiformis, Ostrea sellaeformis, 

(6) Pecten madisonius, Macrocallista marylandica, 

Atrina harrisii, Area subrostrata, Glycimeris parilis, 

etc. (zone 10) _______________________________ _ 

(5) Greenish sandy clay carrying scattered layers of Corbula elevata (zone 9) ________________________ _ _ 

( 4) Greenish sandy clay apparently devoid of fossils 

(zoneS) ____________________________________ _ 

Greenish sandy clay carrying scattered layers of Corbula elevata (zone 7) _________________________ _ 

(3) Greenish sandy clay carrying large numbers of Corbula elevata (zone 6) ________________________ _ _ 

(2) Greenish sandy clay carrying Thracia conradi (zone 

5)-------------------------------- --------- (1) Greenish sandy clay carrying Ostrea percrassa (zone 

4)------------------------------------------ Bluish-green sandy clay revealed in well boring 

6 

6 

9 

6 

8 

7 

· (zones 3, 2, and 1)____________________________ 62 

Glauconitic sandy clay (Eocene). 

The subjoined table sho;s the relative abundance of 

the more common species of Foraminifera in this section. Lot 8 yielded no Foraminifera and is not shown. 

It will be seen that such a striking species as Spiroplectammina gracilis is common in beds 1 and 2 but is not 

found above, while Rotalia bassleri is common in all 

beds above No. 1. Pseudopolymorphina striata, one 

of the largest and most easily identified species, is 

common only in the upper three beds and is almost 

wanting below. Thus in a well bored in the Calvert 

formation we would expect to be able to distinguish 

definite zones, even though the larger Mollusca might 

have been destroyed in drilling. 

Distribution and relative abundance of Foraminifera in section at 

Chesapeake Beach, Md. 

[vc, Very common; c, common; f, fairly common; r, rare] 

1234567 

----------------------------~-----1--l--l----------

Spiroplectammina gracilis _________________ c c r Textularia agglutinans ___________________ f __ c __ r r articulata _____________________________________ r Lagena perlucida ____________________________ f ____ f 

clavata _____________________________ f r c r c c __ substriata ______________________________ r __ c c __ 

costata var. amphora __________________ r ____ r ___ _ orbignyana _____________________________________ r 

cf. L. marginato-perforata ______________________ r __ Pyrulina albatrossL __________________________________ f 

Globulina inaequalis __________________________________ c Pseudopolymorphina dumbleL ____________ r ___________ _ striata_. ______________________ · ______ r ______ c vc c Nonion grateloupL __________________________ r _______ _ 

pizarrense ____ - _ - _- _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ c c c c vc c c Nonionella auris _________________________ c __ c c c c f Bul~m~nella el~~antissima _________ ________ c c c c f f 

Bulimma gracilis __________________ .:______ c c c c c c c Virgulina miocenica ______________________ c __ c r f c c 

Bolivina marginata var. multicostata _______ r f f ____ f __ plicatella ___________________________ f f f ____ r r paula_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ f f f c c c f 

Loxostomum gunteri_ ____________________ f f f __ r r r Uvigerina cf. U. pigmea _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ c Siphogenerina lamellata _______ _____________________ f _..: 

Angulogerina occidentalis _________________ r ~ _________ _ Ellipsolagena bidens _________________________________ r 

Distribution and relative abundance of Foraminifera in section at 

Chesapeake Beach, Md.--Continued 

[vc, Very common; c, common; f, fairiy common; r, rare] 

________ ___::J ________________________ I-1 ~ _:_ ~ ~ ~ ~ 

Discorbis rosacea________________________ f _ _ f _ _ _ _ f f ·orbicularis ______________________________ r _______ _ consobrina __________________________ f ________ r __ valvulata _____________________________ f r f r __ _ _ 

Valvulineria fioridana ____________________ c f c f c c c 

Rotalia bassleri .. ___________________________ c c f c c c 

Cancris sagra ________________________________ :.. ---- r -- Cassidulina crassa _____________________________ r ------ Cibicides concentricus ______________________________ f f 

lobatulus var. ornatus ____________ _: ___ c c c c c c c 

.I DESCRIPTIONS OF SPECIES 

. Family SACCAMMINIDAE 

Subfamily PSAMMOSPHAERIN AE 

Genus PSAMMOSPHAERA F. E. Schultze, 1875 

Psammosphaera fusca F. E. Schultze(?) 

Plate 1, Figures 1a, b 

A single specimen here figured from the Choptank 

formation of Maryland apparently belongs to this 

species. The wall is compressed, of coarse sand grains, 

and there is no definite aperture. 

Recent discoveries of well-preserved primitive arenaceous species of Foraminifera in the early Paleozoic 

make it possible that these very primitive forms may 

have a much larger range in the geologic series than 

the later developed higher calcareous forms. 

Subfamily SACCAMMININAE 

Genus PROTEONINA Williamson, 1858 

Proteonina di1Hugiformis (H. B. Brady) (?) 

Plate 1, Figures 2a, b 

Test free, consisting of a single elongate oval or pyriform chamber with a more or less distinct tubular neck, 

usually tapering gradually from the body of the chamber, which is undivided; wall fairly thick, of sand 

grains of variable size, firmly cemented or in small 

specimens with an excess of cement and fairly smooth; 

aperture circular, simple, terminal. Length 0.25 mm; 

breadth 0.18 1nm; thickness 0.10 mm. 

This species, which is extremely rare in the Choctawhatchee formation of Florida, occurs in somewhat 

greater numbers in the Duplin marl of North Carolina. 

Genus . MILLETTELLA Rhumbler, 1903 

MillettE:lla spinata Cushman and Cahill, n. sp. 

Plate 1, Figures 3a-c 

Test very rrmch compressed, the aperture at one side 

of the test, base with numerous spinose projections; 

wall arenaceous with much chitin, smoothly finished · 

except for the base; aperture in a large depression extending from t!le middle of the test to the apex, and 
6 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY, 1932-33 

rounded. Length 0.16 mm; breadth 0.14 mm; thickness 0.075 mm. 

Holotype (No. 371737, U.S.N.M.) from U. S. Geological Survey station 11831, Duplin marl, on John 

Miller's place, three-fourths of a mile south of Poplar 

· Grove and about 5 miles west of Faison, Sampson 

County, N.C. 

This is a very distinctive species, although small, 

and is very constant in its characters so far as the 

specimens show. With its compressed form and peculiar aperture this belongs in the genus Millettella. 

Genus URNULINA Gruber, 1884 

Urnulina compressa Cushman 

Urnulina compressa Cushman, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 4, 

p. 15, pl. 1, figs. 2a, b, 1930. 

Cushman and Ponton, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 9, p. 39, 

1932. 

Test free, small, compressed, slightly longer than 

broad, greatest width at about the middle, basal end 

somewhat angular, apertural end broadly rounded; 

wall of a single layer of sand grains firmly cemented; 

aperture large, rounded, slightly at one side of the axis 

of the test. Length 0.25 mm; breadth 0.20 mm; thickness 0.12 mm. 

The· only records for this species are those from the 

Choctawhatchee formation at Harveys Creek about 

IX miles southeast of road from Tallahassee to Bloxham, Leon County, Fla., collected by W. C. Mansfield, 

and one from the Oak Grove sand. This and the 

·following species represent the only two records for 

this genus as a fossil. Both the species are small and 

might easily be overlooked on this account, as well as 

the fact that their color is similar to that of the grains 

of the material in which they are found. 

Urnulina rotundata Cushman and Cahill, n. sp. 

Plate 1, Figures 4a, b 

Test globular, nearly spherical, except the apertural 

end, which is truncate, not compressed; wall composed 

of a single layer of sand grains, firmly cemented, somewhat roughened; aperture very large, circular. Length 

0.30 mm; breadth 0.25 mm; thickness 0.25 mm. 

Holotype (No. 371738, U.S.N.M.) from U.S. Geological Survey station 11831, Duplin marl, on John 

Miller's place, three-fourths of a mile south of Poplar 

Grove and about 5 miles west of Faison, Sampson 

County, N.C. · 

This species is quite distinct from Urnulina compressa Cushman, described from the Choctawhatchee 

formation of Florida. The species is globular, not 

compressed, but has the very large aperture characteristic of the ge11us. Several specimens from the type 

locality show that the characters are constant. 

Genus PSEUDARCELLA Spandel, 1909 

Pseudarcella arenata Cushman 

Plate 1, Figures 5a, b 

Pseudarcella arenata Cushman, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 4, 

p. 15, pl. 1, figs~ 3a, b, 1930. 

Cushman and Ponton, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 9, p. 39, 

1932. 

Test free, about twice as broad as high, planoconvex 

in side view, dorsal side strongly convex, ventral side 

flattened and slightly concave in the middle, circular 

in outline; wall very thin, composed of distinct sand 

grains firmly cemented, somewhat chitinous; aperture 

circular with a imple, flattened tooth. Diameter 0.28 

mm; height 0.20-0.23 mm. 

This is a very small but distinct species which was 

described from the Choctawhatchee formation of 

Florida and occurs also in the Duplin marl of North 

Carolina. 

The species is constant in its characters, although 

small. It probably has a somewhat wide range in the 

Miocene of the Atlantic Coastal Plain, but owing to 

its fragile test and small size, it may be easily overlooked or broken in the preparation of material. The 

genus is known from the upper Oligocene of Germany, 

France, and northern · Italy, and the records from 

Florida and North Carolina indicate that its distribution will be found to be probably much greater than 

these present records show. 

Family TEXTULARIIDAE 

Subfamily SPIROPLECTAMMININ AE 

Genus SPIROPLECTAMMINA Cushman, 1927 

Spiroplectammina gracilis (Von Muenster) 

Plate 1, Figures 6, 7 

Textularia gracilis Von . Muenster, in Roemer, Neues Jahrb., 

1838, p. 384, pl. 3, fig. 14. . 

Test elongate, tapering, the earliest chambers planispiral, later ones biserial, greatest breadth at the apertural end, periphery subacute; chambers distinct, 

increasing gradually in size as added, slightly inflated; 

sutures distinct, very slightly depressed, very slightly 

curved obliquely downward toward the periphery, 

slightly lim bate; wall finely arenaceous but with much 

cement and very smoothly finished; aperture a low 

slit at the base of the inner margin of the last-formed 

chamber. Length 0.8Q-l.OO mm; breadth 0.38-0.42 

mm; thickness 0.18-0.20 mm. 

This species described by Von Muenster from the 

upper Oligocene of Germany occurs in considerable 

numbers in the Choptank and Calvert formations of 

Maryland. These specimens were compared with a 

series of specimens from the type locality from which 

Von Muenster's specimens came and seem to fit very 
MIOCENE FORAMINIFERA OF COASTAL PLAIN OF EASTERN UNITED STATES 7 

closely with the characters of his species. His figure 

is very small, but with the description the characters 

can be rather definitely made out. The early charrlbers are distinctly spiral, placing this species, in the 

genus Spiroplectammina. It occurs also in the Yorktown formation of North Carolina and Virginia. 

Subfamily TEXTULARIINAE 

Genus TEXTULARIA Defrance, 1824 

Textularia agglutinans D'Orbigny 

Pia te 1, Figures sa; b 

Textularia agglutinans D'Orbigny, in De la Sagra, Histoire 

physique, politique et naturelle de l'ile de Cuba, Foraminiferes, p. 136, pl. .1, figs. 17, 18, 32, 34, 1839. 

Cushman, U. S. Geol. Survey Bull. 676, p. 46, pl. 9, fig. 6, 

1918; U.S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 103, p. 52, pl. 19, fig. 3, 1918; 

U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 104, pt. 3, p. 7, pl. 1, figs. 4, 5, 

1922; Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 4, p. 16, pl. 1, figs. 4a, b, 

1930. 

Cushman and Ponton, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 9, p. 39, 

1932. 

Test elongate, tapering, somewhat compressed, the 

periphery rounded; chambers inflated, increasing in 

height toward the apertural end; sutures distinct, 

depressed; wall rather coarsely arenaceous b-l!lt smoothly finished on the exterior; aperture an elongate slit in 

a well-marked depression of the inner border of the 

chamber. Length 0.85-1.10 mm; breadth 0.55-0.65 

mm; thickness 0.40-0.45 mm. 

This species, which was described by D'Orbigny from 

the West Indies, has a fairly wide distribution in the 

West Indian region . and in the Pacific. As a fossil, 

however, it does not have the wide range that has been 

assigned to it by various authors, as a comparison of 

their figures with typical material shows. It is fairly 

common in typical form in the Miocene of Florida, 

North Carolina, Virginia, and Maryland. 

Although T. agglutinans is recorded from beds as 

old as the Jurassic, it is very questionable whether the 

records earlier than the Tertiary really are identical 

with D'Orbigny's species. 

Textularia gramen D'Orbigny 

·Plate 1, Figures 9a, b 

Textularia gramen D'Orbigny, Foraminiferes fossiles du bassin 

tertiaire de Vienne, p. 248, pl. 15, figs. 4, 6, 1846. 

Cushman, U. S. Geol. Survey Bull. 676, pp. 8, 45, pl. 9, 

fig. 5 (not figs. 2, 3= T. mayori), 1918; Florida Geol. 

Survey Bull. 4, p. 17, pl. 1, figs. 5a, b, 1930. 

Cushman and Ponton, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 9, p. 39, 

1932. 

Test slightly longer than broad, compressed, pe.-

riphery subacute, sides strongly divergent; chambers 

distinct, comparatively few, fairly high, the earlier 

ones strongly overlapping; sutures distinc1

t, slightly 

depressed; wall finely arenaceous, smoothly finished; 

aperture elongate, in a definite groove at the base of 

the inner margin of the last-formed chamber. Length 

0.60-0.75 mm; breadth 0.35-0.45 mm; thickness 

0.22-0.25 mm. 

This species as it occurs in the Miocene of Florida 

and the area northward is very close to that described 

by D'Orbigny from the Miocene of the Vienna Basin. 

Under this name many things have been recorded, but 

the species as it occurs in the Vienna Basin is a very 

definite one. Besides occurring in the Miocene of 

Florida, there are specimens in the present collection 

from North Carolina, Virginia, and Maryland. 

This is one of the species that has been recorded 

back to the Jurassic. A study of the earlier figures 

will show that the earlier records are subject to revision when a strict limit is placed on the specific characters.. The typicalform as developed in the Vienna 

Basin Miocene probably does not have a wider range 

than 01igocene to Recent. 

Textularia rnayori Cushman 

Plate ,1, Figures lOa, b 

Textularia mayori Cushman, Carnegie Inst. Washington Pub. 

311, p. 23, pl. 2, fig. 3, 1922; U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 104, 

pt. 3, p. 7, 1922; Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 4, p. 17, pl. 1, 

figs. 6-8, 1930. 

Cushman and Ponton, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 9, p. 40, 

pl. 1; figs. 2, 3, 1932. 

Textularia gramen (in part) Cushman (not D'Orbigny), U. 8. 

. Geol. Survey Bull. 676, p. 45, pl. 9, figs. 2, 3 (not fig. 5), 1918. 

Test compressed, increasing rapidly in breadth, 

especially in the microspheric form, initial end rounded, 

apertural end obliquely truncate; chambers often indistinct, periphery of the later chambers ea.ch with an 

elongate, conical, hollow, spinose projection, often 

broken at the tip, those of the early portion directed 

backward, the later ones extending outward; sutures 

only slightly depressed, curved; wall arenaceous, of 

angular sand grains with much fine cement, surface 

smoothly finished; aperture low, elongate, at the inner 

border of the last-formed chamber, in a reentrant of 

the border, with a thin lip above. Length 0.85-1.00 

mm; breadth 0.60-0.70 rum; thickness 0.30-0.35 mm. 

This species, which was found to be common in the 

Choctawhatchee formation of Florida, occurs also in 

the 1t1iocene formations northward to Virginia but 

does not . seem to occur in the Maryland material. 

In the present waters of this region the species does 

not seem to occur north of Cape Hatteras. 

Although in its' typical form this species develops 

prominent spinose projections from the base of the 

chambers at the periphery, these are not invariably 

developed, but the general characters of shape, compression, and characters of the wall will easily distinguish the species. A certain number of specimens 

in the collections show that the typical spinose forms 

are usually present with the others. Often the spinose 

projections are not developed until the last adult 

chambers, many of the young specimens being without 

them. 
8 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY, 1932-33 

Textularia conica D'Orbigny 

Plate 1, Figures 11a, b 

Textularia conica D'Orbigny, in De la Sagra, Histoire physique, 

politiq ue et naturelle de l'lle de Cuba, Foraminiferes, p. 143, 

pl. 1, figs. 19, 20, 1839. 

H. B. Brady, Challenger Rept., Zoology, vol. 9, p. 365, pl. 

43, figs. 13, 14; pl. 113, fig. 1, 1884. 

Goes, Harvard Coil. Mus. Comp. Zoology Bull., vol. 29, 

p. 43, 1896. 

Cushman, U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc., vol. 59, p. 50, pl. 11, figs. 

4-6, 1921; U.S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 100, vol. 4, p. 123, pl. 25, 

figs. 2a-c, 1921; Carnegie Inst. Washington Pub. 311, 

p. 24, pl. 2, fig. 4, 1922; U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 104, pt. 3, 

p. 22, pl. 5, figs. 5-7, 1922; Carnegie Inst. Washington 

Pub. 342, p. 15, pl. 1, fig. 6, 1924. 

Test usually wider than high, triangular in front 

view, broadly oval in end view, slightly compressed, 

apex bluntly pointed; chambers comparatively few, 

distinct; sutures distinct, slightly depressed; wall 

arenaceous, smooth, or slightly roughened; aperture 

a narrow slit at the base of the inner margin of the 

last-formed chamber; color gray. 

This species was described by D'Orbigny from the 

West Indian region and occurs commonly also in 

warm waters in the Indo-Pacific area. It was not 

noted in the Choctawhatchee formation of Florida, 

but there are typical specimens in the Duplin marl of 

North Carolina. It does not occur, however, in the 

Miocene material to the northward in Virginia and 

Maryland. 

There are records for conical species from as far 

back as the Jurassic, but it is very doubtful if those 

preceding the Tertiary are really the same species, so 

far as study of Cretaceous material and the early figures 

seems to show. 

Textularia articulata D'Orbigny 

Plate 1, Figures 12a, b 

Textularia articulata D'Orbigny, Foraminiferes fossiles du bas-. 

. sin tertiaire de Vienne, p. 250, pl. 15, figs. 16-18, 1846. 

Hosius, Naturhist. Ver. preuss. Rheinlande Verh., vol. 50, 

p. 109, 1893. 

Bagg, Bull. Am. Paleontology, vol. 2, No. 10, p. 19, 1898; 

Maryland Geol. Survey, Miocene, p. 471, pl. 132, figs. 

6, 7, 1904. 

Cushman, U. S. Geol. Survey Bull. 676, p. 46, :i918. 

Cushman and Ponton, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 9, p. 40, 

pl. 1, figs. la, b, 1932. 

Test elongate, two or three times as long as broad, 

compressed, rather evenly tapering, with the greatest 

breadth toward the apertural end, periphery acute 

and slightly keeled; chambers distinct, ten or more 

pairs in the adult, high and increasing in height toward the apertural end; sutures distinct, somewhat 

curved, extending strongly backward; wall distinctly 

arenaceous, with much cement, smoothly finished; 

aperture fairly large, at the base of. the inner margin 

of the chamber. Length 0.60-0.75 mm; breadth 

0.30-0.35 mm; thickness 0.18-0.20 mm. 

This species was originally described by D'Orbigny 

from the Miocene of the Vienna Basin, where it is 

fairly common and of distinctive character. The 

Miocene material from Maryland is very typical. 

Bagg has already recorded it from the Calvert formation of Plum Poirit and Chesapeake Beach, Md. We 

have had very typical material from the latter station. 

It was also recorded by Bagg from the James River 

in Virginia and has recently been recorded from the 

Miocene of Florida (Choctawhatchee, Shoal River, 

and Oak Grove). 

It may · be noted that the "Textularia articulata 

Reuss" from the Cretaceous is a species of Spiroplectoides. 

Textularia ftoridana Cushman 

Plate 1, Figures 13a, b 

Textularia transversaria Flint · (not H. B. Brady), U. S. Nat. 

Mus. Rept. for 1897, p. 283, pl. 28, fig. 4, 1899. 

Textularia floridana Cushman, Carnegie Inst. Washington Pub. 

311, p. 24, pl. 1, fig. 7, 1922; U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 104, 

pt. 3, p. 18, pl. 2, figs. 11, 12, 1922; Florida Geol. Survey 

Bull. 4, p. 18, pl. 1, figs. 9a, b, 1930. 

Cushman and Ponton, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 9, p. 41, 

1932. 

Test elongate, two or three times as long as wide, 

much compressed, periphery entire or broken, in the 

adult with the sides nearly parallel, initial end rather 

sharply pointed, apertural end broadly rounded or 

truncate; chambers numerous, thickest near the 

center, increasing somewhat in height toward the 

apertural end, the penpheral portions thin-walled and 

often broken away; sutures nearly at right angles to 

the periphery, slightly if at all depressed; wall finely 

arenaceous, smooth; aperture small, rounded, at the 

base of the inner margin of the last-formed chamber. 

Figured specimen, length 0.40 mm: breadth 0.20 mm; 

thickness 0.10 mm. 

This species occurs in the Choctawhatchee formation of Florida, where it was represented by a single 

specimen from Gully Sink, Washington County, Fla. 

It has not occurred in the Miocene material in the. 

States to the north. As a Recent species it is confined 

to the West Indian region and the coast of Florida. 

Genus BIGENERINA D'Orbigny, 1826 

Bigenerina nodosaria D'Orbigny var. textularioidea (Goes) 

Plate 1, Figure 14 

Textularia sagittula Defrance forma bigenerina Goes, K. 

Svensk. Vet. Akad. Handl., vol. 19, pt. 4, p. 78, pl. 5, 

figs. 159, 160, 1882. 

Clavulina textularioidea Goes, idem, vol. 25, p. 42, pl. 8, figs. 

387-399, 1894; Harvard Coil. Mus.· Comp. Zoology 

Bull., vol. 29, p. 37, pl. 4, figs. 26-38, 1896. 

Bigenerina nodosaria Flint, U. S. Nat. Mus. Rept. for 1897, 

p. 286, pl. 31, fig. 4, 1899. 

Cushman, U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc., vol. 59, p. 51, 1921; 

Carnegie Inst. Washington Pub. 311, p. 2~, pl. 2, figs. 

5, 6, 1922. 

Bigenerina nodosaria D'Orbigny var. textularioidea Cushman, 

U.S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 103, pt. 3, p. 25, pL 5, figs. 8, 9, 1922; 

Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 4, p. 18, pl. 1, fig. 10, 1930. 

Cushman and Ponton, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 9, p. 42, 

pl. 1, fig. 8, 1932. 
MIOCENE FORAMINIFERA OF COASTAL PLAIN OF EASTERN UNITED STATES 9 

Variety differing fron1 the typical form in the larger 

size, much greater proportion of the uniserial stage, 

and reduction of the biserial portion as well as in the 

relation of the two, the last-formed chambers of the 

test often being greater in size than the entire biserial 

portion. Length of the fossil specimens slightly less 

than 1.00 mm; dian1eter 0.20 mm. 

Specimens are rare in the Choc.tawhatchee formation, a few specin1ens being found on Harveys Creek 

about 1 X miles southeast of road frmn Tallahassee to 

Bloxham, Leon County, and a single specimen from 

Gully Sink, Washington County, Fla., all collected by 

-W. C. Mansfield. 

The few fossil specimens are not as well developed 

as the recent ones of the Florida coast and the West 

Indies, and apparently the greater development of 

this form in the West Indian region has taken place 

since the Miocene. 

No specimens of this species have occurred in the 

collection studied from the States north of Florida. 

It is one of the characteristic West Indian species in 

. warm shallow waters. 

Family MILIOLIDAE 

Genus QUINQUELOCULINA D'Orbigny, 1826 

Quinqueloculina cf. Q. fusca H. B. Brady 

Plate 2, Figures la-c 

In the Florida collections specimens were referred · 

to this species with some doubt. In the material to 

the north the same form has occurred, but only as a 

single specimen at one station in Maryland. 

Quinqueloculina seminula (Linne) 

Plate 2, Figures 2a-c 

"Conchula m1mma arcte in se contorta, etc." Plancus, De 

conchis minus notis, p. 19, pl. 11, figs. lA, B, C, 1739. 

"Tubulus marin us irregulariter intortus vermicularis" Gualtieri, Index testarum conchyliorum, pl. 10, fig. S, 1742. 

Serpula seminulum Linne, Systema naturae, 12th ed., p. 1264, 

1767. 

Quinqueloculina seminulum D'Orbigny, Annales sci. nat., vol. 

7, p. 303, 1826. 

Cushman, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 103, p. 78, pl. 27, figs. 

4a, b; pl. 28, figs. 1-3; pl. 29, figs. la-c, 1918; U. S. Geol. 

Survey Bull. 676, pp. 22, 70, pl. 1, fig. 8; pl. 28, figs. 2, 

4, 5; pl. 29, fig. 1, 1918; U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 104, p. 24, 

pl. 2, figs. 1, 2, 1929; Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 4, p. 19, 

pl. 2, figs. 1, 2, 1930. 

Cushman and Ponton, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 9, · p. 43, 

1932. 

Miliolina seminulum Williamson, Recent Foraminifera of 

Great Britain, p. 85, pl. 7, figs. 183-185, 1858. 

H. B. Brady, Challenger Rept., Zoology, vol. 9, p. 157, pl. 

5, fig. 6, 1884. 

Test longer than wide, greatest width near the 

middle; chambers distinct, of nearly uniform diameter, 

periphery rounded; suture~ distinct, very slightly 

depressed;. wall smooth, polished; aperture large, with 

a simple tooth. Length 1.00 mm; breadth 0.50-0.55 

mm; thickness 0.22--0.25 mm. 

This species, which was rare in the Choctawhatchee 

formation of Florida, occurs in much greater numbers 

in the Miocene material to the north, _being especially 

abundant in material from Maryland and somewhat 

less so in that from Virginia. 

Quinqueloculina lamarckiana D'Orbigny 

Plate 2, Figures 4a-c 

Quinqueloculina lamarckiana D'Orbigny, in De la Sagra, 

Histoire physique, politique et natureJle de l'ile de Cuba, 

Foraminiferes, p. 189, pl. 11, figs. 14, 15, 1839. 

Cushman, U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc., vol. 59, p. 65, pl. 15, 

·-figs. 13, 14, 1921; Carnegie Inst. Washington Pub. 311, 

p. 64, 1922; Pub. 342, p. 63, 1924; Pub. 344, p. 81, 1926; 

U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 104, pt. 6, p. 26, pl. 2, figs. 6a-c, 

1929; Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 4, p. 20, pl. 2, figs. 3-5, 

1930. 

Cushman and Ponton, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 9, p. 44, 

1932. 

Qu~nqueloculina auberiana D'Orbigny, in De la Sagra, op. cit., 

p. 193, pl. 12, figs. 1-3, 183~. 

Cushman, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 103, p. 79, pl. 29, figs. 

3a-c, 1918; U. S. Geol. Survey Bull. 676, pp. 23, 71, pl. 

5, fig. 3; pl. 30, fig. 1, "1918 . 

Quinqueloculina cuvieriana H. B. Brady (not D'Orbigny), 

Challenger Rept., Zoology, vol. 9, p. 162, pl. 5, figs. 

12a-c, 1884. 

Test nearly as broad as long; chambers distinct, 

generally triangular in transverse section, the angles 

subacute but not carinate; sutures slightly depressed; 

wall smooth and polished; a pert ural end of chamber 

slightly extended, forming an elliptical neck without a 

definite lip, but with a narrow, elongate tooth. Fossil 

specimens, length 0.80 mrn; breadth 0.50 mm; 

thickness 0.40 mm. 

This species was recorded as rare in the Choctawhatehee formation of Florida and is also rare in the 

material from the States to the north, occurring only 

in Virginia. 

Quinqueloculina contorta D'Orbigny 

Plate 2, Figures 3a-c 

Quinqueloculina contorta D'Orbigny, Foraminiferes fossiles du 

bassin tertiaire de Vienne, p. 298, pl. 20, figs. 4-6, 1846. 

Cushman, U.S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 104, pt. 6, p. 29, pl. 3, figs. 

· 6a-c, 1929; Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 4, p. 20, pl. 2, 

figs. 6a-c, 1930. 

Cushman and Ponton, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 9, p. 44, 

1932. 

Miliolina contorta H. B. Brady, Roy. Micr. Soc. Jour., p. 881, 

1887. 

Heron-Allen and Earland, Roy. Irish Acad. Proc., vol. 31, 

pt. 64, p. 30, 1913; Linnean Soc. London Trans., Zoology, 

vol. 11, p. 213, 1916~ 

Test somewhat longer than broad; charnbers polygonal in transverse section, periphery_ and sides flattened 

or slightly concave, angles subacute; sutures distinet, 

slightly depressed; wall smooth; aperture rounded, 

slightly projecting, with a simple tooth. Length 0.75 

mn1; breadth 0.45 mm; thickness 0.18-0.20 mn1. 

This species is rare in the Choctawhatchee formation and is· very rare in the material to the ·north, 
10 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY, 1932-33 

occurring at a single station in the Choptank formation 

of Maryland. 

Quinqueloculina subpoeyana Cushman 

Plate 2, Figures 5a, b 

Quinqueloculina subpoeyana Cushman, Carnegie Inst. Washington, Pub. 311, p. 66, 1922; U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 104, 

pt. 6, p. 31, pl. 5, figs. 3a-c, 1929; Florida Geol. Survey 

Bull. 4, p. 21, pl. 2, figs. 7a, b, 1930. 

Cushman and Ponton, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 9, p. 44, 

pl. 2, figs. 4a-c, 1932. 

Test elongate, about two and a half times as long as 

wide; chambers distinct, peripheral border rounded, 

apertural end projecting; sutures son1ewhat obscured; 

wall ornamented by numerous longitudinal costae 

which, instead of being uniform, are usually irregularly 

toothed throughout, giving a peculiar roughened appearance to the test; aperture with a thin lip and a 

single tooth. Length of figured specimen 0.35 mm; 

breadth 0.18 mm; thickness 0.12 mn1. 

This species, which is common in a living state off 

the coast of Florida and in the general West Indian 

region, is very rare in the Miocene Choctawhatchee 

formation, and was not found in any of the material 

examined frmn the States to the north. This is not 

surprising, as it is a typically warm-water species. 

Genus SPIROLOCULINA D'Orbigny, 1826 

Spiroloculina planulata (Lamarck) 

Plat e 2, Figures 6a, b 

Spiroloculina planulata (Lamarck) Cushman, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 4, p. 21, pl. 3, figs. 1a, b, 1930. 

Cushman and Ponton, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 9, p.49, 

1932. 

Test irregularly elliptical, periphery in the young 

convex, in the adult becoming flattened or concave; 

chambers distinct, the initial end projecting considerably beyond the aperture of the previously formed 

one, the apertural end very slightly, if at all, projecting, side view concave; sutures distinct; surface matte; 

aperture with a slight lip and an elongate tooth, often 

slightly bifid at the tip. Length of figured specirnen 

0.43 mm; breadth 0.30 mm; thickness 0.10 mm. 

The only occurrence in the Miocene material is that 

from the Choctawhatchee forn1ation of Florida, a 

figure of which is copied here. 

Spiroloculina depressa D'Orbigny 

Plate 2, Figures 7a, b 

Spiroloculina limbata Cushman, (not D'Orbigny), U. S. Geol. 

Survey Bull. 676, p. 72, pl. 31, figs. 2a, b, 1918. 

Cushman and Ponton, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 9, p. 49, 

1932. 

This species was previously recorded from the 

Choctawhatchee formation at Jackson Bluff as Spiroloculina limbata D'Orbigny. The figure is copied here 

for reference, · but no further specimens have been 

found. 

Spiroloculina sp.? 

Plate 2, Figure 8 

Spiroloculina sp.? Cushman, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 4, p. 22, 

pl. 3, fig. 3, 1930. 

A copy of the figure of the single specimen from the 

Choctawhatchee formation of Gully Sink, Washington 

County, Fla., is given here. No further specimens 

have . been found. 

Genus MASSILINA Schlumberger, 1893 

Massilina marylandica Cushman and Cahill, n. sp. 

Plate 2, Figures 9a-c 

Test much compressed, periphery rounded; chambers distinct, especially the later ones, which gra.dually 

become developed in one plane; sutures distinct, depressed; wall ornamented by numerous longitudinal 

costae, nearly parallel to the periphery of the chamber; 

aperture not projecting but with a distinct tooth, 

which projects beyond the outline of the aperture. 

Length 1.00 rnm; breadth 0.70-0.75 n1m; thickness 

0.15 mm. 

Holotype (No. 371739, U.S.N.M.) from the Miocene 

St. Marys formation, station 1/903, about 1 nrile above 

site of Langley House, Langleys Bluff, Chesapeake 

Bay, St. Marys County, Md., just below the contact 

with the Pleistocene. 

This species somewhat resembles Massilina obliquestriata Cushman and Valentine, described from off 

the California coast ~ The ornarnentation in the 

Miocene form, however, follows closely the outline of 

the chamber, and the early coils are much less pronlinent than in the Recent form. This species is fairly 

common at the type locality but was not noted 

elsewhere. 

Massilina glutinosa Cushman and Cahill, n. sp. 

Plate 2, Figures lOa-c 

Test much compressed, broad, periphery rounded, 

the apertural end somewhat projecting; chambers 

numerous, somewhat indistinct, nearly circular in 

transverse section; sutures indistinct; wall arenaceous, 

of fine angular fragments with much cement, the surface smoothly finished; aperture circular, projecting, 

with a slight lip and tooth. Length 0.60 mm; breadth 

0.42-0.45 mm; thickness 0.10 mm. 

Holotype (No. 371734, U.S.N.M.) from the Choptank formation, station 1/752, about 2X miles below 

Governor Run, Chesapeake Bay, Calvert County, Md.; 

fossils taken from the most fossiliferous bed, which 

crops out 3 to 4 feet above the beach up to about.18 

feet; from zone 17 of the Maryland Geological Survey. 

This species also occurs at station 1/753, 1 mile 

above Governor Run, Chesapeake Bay, Calvert County, Md.; the lower bed of the Choptank formation, or 

zone 17 of the Maryland Geological Survey; the base 

of this bed is about 28 to 30 feet above the beach. 
MIOCENE FORAMINIFERA OF COASTAL PLAIN OF EASTERN UNITED STATES 11 

This is close to some of the figures which have been 

referred to as Spiroloculina asperula Karrer, but it is 

not the same as Karrer's species, although they resemble each other in some respects. 

Massilina mansfieldi Cushman and Cahill, n. sp. 

Plate 2, Figures lla-c 

Test about twice as long as broad, much compressed, 

periphery broadly rounded; chambers distinct, nearly 

circular in transverse section; sutures distinct but 

very slightly depressed; wall smooth and polished; 

aperture large with a very slight rounded border. 

. Length 1.00-1.10 mm; breadth 0.60-0.65 mm; thickness 0.18-0.20 mm. 

Holotype (No. 371735, U.S.N.M.) fron1 the Yorktown formation, station 1/193, about 1X miles below 

Yorktown, half a mile below prominent projecting 

point seen from Yorktown, York River, York County, 

Va., from lower bed of fragmental series. 

The species also occurs in the St. Marys formation of 

Maryland. 

Genus SIGMOILINA Schlumberger, 1887 

Sigmoilina tenuis (Czjzek) 

Plate 3, Figures la-c 

Quinqueloculina tenuis Czjzek, Haidinger's Nat. Abhandl., vol. 

2, p. 149, pl. 13, figs. 31-34, 1847. 

Sigrnoilina tenuis Chaster, Southport Soc. Nat. Sei. First Rept., 

p. 56, 1892. 

Jones, Foraminifera of the Crag, pt. 2, p. ~~~5, pl. 7, fig. 2, 

1895. 

Cushman, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 103, p. 31, pl. 31, figs. 

4a-c, 1918; Scripps Inst. Oceanography Bull., Tech. ser., 

vol. 1, p. 139, 1927; Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 4, p. 22, 

pl. 2, figs. 8a-c, 1930. 

Cushman and Ponton, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 9, p. 51, 

1932. 

Sigrnoilina elliptica Galloway and Wissler, Jour. Paleontology, 

vol. 1, p. 39, pl. 7, fig. 2, 1927. 

Test sigmoid, longer than broad, compressed; chambers narrow, rounded in transverse section, five or six 

visible on each side; sutures distinct, eurved; wall 

smooth; aperture with a slight neck, rounded. Length 

0.40 mm; breadth 0.20 mm; thickness 0.08 mm. 

This speeies was recorded as rare in the Choctawhatchee formation of Florida, and Bagg recorded it 

from the Choptank formation of Pawpaw Point, Md., 

as "Spiroloculina tenuis." It is rather widely distributed in the Miocene, occurring in Panama and in South 

America, as well as in the Pleistocene of California. 

There is a single record for this species from the 

Eocene of France, but the other records are all from 

the Miocene to Recent. . 

Genus T1ULOCULINA D'Orbigny, 1826 

Triloculina schreiberiana D'Orbigny 

Plate 3, ,Figures 2a-c 

This species was recorded 4 from Coes Mill, Liberty 

County:, Fla., where it was rare. No further specimens 

were found in the collections from Florida, but it has 

occurred rarely in the Yorktown formation of Virginia 

and the Chop tank formation of Maryland. 

Triloculina asperula Cushman 

Plate 3, Figure 3 

Triloculina asperula Cushman, U. S. Geol. Survey Bull. 676, p . 

72:, pl. 30, fig. 3, 1918; Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 4, p. 

23, pl. 1, fig. 1a, 1930. 

Test subcircular in side view; chambers tapering 

toward each end, irregularly roughened; sutures distinct; aperture wilth a simple tooth. Diameter 0.25 

mm. 

This species was described from the Choctawhatchee 

formation at Coes Mill, Liberty County, Fla., but no 

further specimens have been found. 

Genus PYRGO Defrance, 1824 

Pyrgo subsphaerica (D'Orbigny) 

Plate 3, Figures 4a-c 

Biloculina subsphaer·ica D'Orbigny, in De la Sagra, Histoire 

physique, politique et naturelle de l'ile de Cuba, Foraminiferes, p. 162, pl. 3, figs. 25--27, 1839. 

Cushman, U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc., vol. 59, p. 73, 1921; 

Carnegie Inst. Washington Pub. 311, p. 77, 1922; Pub. 

344, p. 83, 1926. 

Pyrgo subsphaerica Cushman, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 104, pt. 6, 

p. 68, pl. 18, figs. 1, 2, 1929; Florida (}eol. Survey Bull. 4, 

p. 23, pl. 3, figB. 5a-c, 1930. 

9 ushman and Ponton, Ji'lorida Geol. Survey Buli. 9, p. 56, 

11932. . . 

Test small, rotund, slightly longer than broad, somewhat! broader than thick; chambers rounded, periphery rounded; sutures distinct, depressed, in side view 

showin.g a sinuous line concave toward the last-formed 

chamlber near the aperture and concave toward the 

prece ing chamber at the opposite end; wall smooth 

and polished; ape:rture broadly oval, with a somewhat 

flattehed tooth with short lateral extensions at the tip 

only ipartly filling the aperture. Length, 0.50 mm; 

breadth, 0.40 mm; thickness, 0.35 mm. 

This species was recorded 5 as Biloculina bulloides 

from lthe Choctawhatchee formation of Jackson Bluff, 

Leon[Jounty, Fla. It must be very rare, as no further 

specituens were found. · 

I 'Ouspman, J. A., U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 676, p. 71, pl. 30, fig. 4, 1918. 

6 Idem, p. 72, pl. 31, fig. 1. 
12 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY, 1932-33 

Family OPHTHALMIDIIDAE 

Subfamily CORNUSPIRIN AE 

Genus CORNUSPIRA Schultze, 1854 

Cornuspira involvens (Reuss) 

Plate 3, Figure 5 

Operculina involvens Reuss, Akad. Wiss. Wien Denkschr., vol. 

1, p. 370, pl. 46, fig. 30, 1850. 

Cornuspira involvens Reuss, Akad. Wiss. Wien Sitzungsber., 

vol. 48, Abt. 1, p. 39, pl. 1, fig. 2, 1863. 

Cushman, Florida Geol. · Survey Bull. 4, p . 23, pl. 3, fig. 

6, 1930. 

Cushman and Ponton, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 9, p. 57, 

1932. [For complete references to this species, see 

Cushman, U.S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 104, pt. 6, p. 80, 19~9.] 

Test nearly circular in side view, consisting of a proloculum and a long, closely coiled, planispiral second 

chamber of nearly equal diameter throughout, slightly 

involute; sutures distinct, somewhat depressed; wall 

smooth and polished, occasionally showing slight lines 

of growth; aperture nearly the size of the open end of 

the tube. 

. The only records for this species from the Miocene of 

this region are a single specimen from Jackson Bluff, on 

the left bank of the Ochlockonee River,' just above the 

bridge, Leon County, Fla., and specimens from stations 

in the typical Chipola of Florida. 

The species is a common one in warm shallow waters 

of the West Inpies, a fact which probably explains its 

absence in the Miocene of the area north of Florida, 

where rio specimens wer~ obtained in all material 

examined. 

Family LAGENIDAE 

Subfamily NODOSARIINAE 

Robulus americanus (Cushman) 

Plate 3, Figures 6a, b 

Cristellaria americana Cushman, U. S. Geol. Survey Bull. 676, 

p . 50, pl. 10, figs. 5, 6, 1918. 

Robulus americanus Cushman, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 4, 

, p. 24, pl. 3, figs. 7a, b, 1930. 

R. E . and K. C. Stewart, Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists 

Bull., vol. 14, p. 1448, 1930. 

Cushman and Ponton, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 9, p. 58, 

1932. 

Test closely coiled, biconvex, slightly keeled, composed of but six or seven chambers in the last-formed 

whorl;: sutures raised and ending in a raised umbonal 

area, surface otherwise smooth; aperture radiate, with 

the median ventral slit enlarged and prolonged into th~ 

apertural face. Diam~ter up to 1.50 mm; thickness 

up to 0.75 mm. 

This species is cornmon in the Choctawhatchee 

formation of Florida and occurs also in two of the members of the Shoal River formation. The species may 

be distinguished by its closely coiled form with comparatively few chambers, the raised costae, and the 

raised umbonal area. It occurs also at a single station 

in South Carolina. 

Robulus americanus (Cushman) var. spinosus (Cushman) 

Plate 3, Figures 7a, b 

Cristellaria ·americana Cushman var. spinosa Cushman, U. S. 

Geol. Survey Bull. 676, p. 51, pl. ·10, fig. 7, 1918. 

Robulus americanus (Cushman) var. spinosus Cushman. Stewart and Stewart, San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist. Trans., vol. 

6, p. 53, pl. 8, fig. 2, 1930. 

Cushman, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 4, p. 24, pl. 3, figs. 

8a, b, 1930. 

R. E. and K. C. Stewart, Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists 

Bull., vol. 14, p. 1448, 1930. 

Cushman and Ponton, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 9, p. 58, 

1932. 

Variety differing from the typical form by the addition of spines on the peripheral margin opposite the 

ends of the sutures. 

This variety occurs with the typical form in the 

Choctawhatchee and Shoal River formations of 

Florida. To the north it also occurs very rarely in 

the Miocene of North Carolina. The variety is also 

recorded from the late Tertiary of California. 

Robulus iotus (Cushman) 

Plate ·4, Figures la, b 

Cristellaria cultrata H. B. Brady (not Montfort), Challenger 

Rept., Zoology, vol. 9, p. 550, pl. 70, figs. 4-6, 1884. 

Cristellaria iota Cushman, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 104, pt. 4, 

p. 111, pl. 29, fig. 2; pl. 30, fig. 1, 1923. 

Robulus iotus Cushman, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 4, p. 25, 

pl. 4, figs. la, b, 1930. 

Cushman and Pontori, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 9, p. 58, 

1932. . 

Test dose-coiled, compressed, umbonate, the periphery with a thin, broad keel, nearly transparent, 10 to 

15 chambers in the last-formed coil in the adult, 

narrow; sutures slightly curved, slightly lim bate, but 

not raised above the general surface, umbonal region 

occupied by a large, thickened, transparent knob; 

wall smooth, thin; aperture radiate, at the peripheral 

angle of the test with the ventral slit continued in to 

the apertural face. Diameter of Florida specimens 

up to 1.5 mm. 

The only specimens of this species from the Miocene 

of the eastern United States are from stations in the 

Choctawhatchee and Shoal River formations of Florida. 

. Robulus tloridanus (Cushman) 

Plate 4, Figures 2a, b 

Cristellaria jloridana Cushman, U. S. Geol. Survey Bull. 676, 

p. 51, pl. 11, fig. 1, 1918. 

Robulus jloridanus Cushman, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 4, 

p. 25, pl. 4. figs. 2a, b, 1930. 

Cushman and Ponton, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 9, p. 58, 

1932. 
MIOCENE FORAMINIFERA OF COASTAL PLAIN OF EASTERN UNITED STATES 13 

Test elongate, crosier-form, early portion closely 

coiled, later chambers becoming up.coiled and more 

elongate, test comparatively thick in front view, periphera] margin rounded; wall smooth, except for 

slightly raised areas above the sutures, which are 

otherwise indistinct; aperture peripheral Length 2.00 

nun; breadth 1.20 mm; thickness 0.50 mm. 

The type of this species is from the Choctawhatchee 

formation, 1 mile south. of Red Bay, Walton County, 

Fla. 

A single specimen, which seems to be the early stage 

of this species, before the uncoiling takes place, came 

from the Choptank formation of Maryland. 

Robulus catenulatus (Cushman) 

Plate 4, Figures 3a, b 

Cristellaria catenulata Cushman, U. S. Geol. Survey Bull. 676, 

p. 51, pl. 11, fig. 2, 1918. 

Robulus catenulatus Cushman, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 4, 

p. 25, pl. 4, figs. 3a, b, 1930. 

Cushman and Ponton, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 9, p. 58, 

1932. 

Test comparatively large, compressed, oval, composed of numerous chambers, 10 or more :in the lastformed coil, peripheral margin narrowed but rounded, 

the area above the sutures with broad, raised ribs 

curving toward the umbilical region, the inner ends 

often terminating in rounded knobs or the whole 

suture with a row of beadlike prominences; aperture 

radiate, slightly projecting. Diameter of type 2.00 

nun. 

The only records for this species are from Walton 

County, Fla., where it seems to be rare. It is evidently a variable species; as hoted in the Florida report, it very strongly resembles Robulus vaughani 

(Cushman}, from the Miocene of the Panama Canal 

Zone, and the two may be identical. 

Genus PLANULARIA Defrance, 1824 

Planularia sp.? 

Plate 4, Figures 4a, b 

Planularia sp.? Cushman, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 4, p. 26, 

pl. 4, figs. 6a, b, 1930. 

No additional specimens of this particular form, . 

which was figured from Walton County, Fla., have 

been found in any of the material examined from the 

States to the north. 

Planularia sp.? 

Plate 4, Figures 5a, b 

Planularia sp.? Cushman, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 4, p. 26, 

pl. 4, figs. 4a, b, 5, 1930. 

The specimens figured from Gully Sink, Washington 

County, Fla., have not been added to by our study· of 

material from the other collections. Therefore, this 

form must remain unidentified uritil additional specimens which show the adult characters are :found. 

Genus MARGINULINA D'Orbigny, 1826 

Marginulina sp.? 

Plate 4, Figures 6a, b 

Marginulina sp.? Cushman, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 4, p. 26, 

pl. 4, figs. 7a, b; 1930. 

The specimen figured is from the Choctawhatchee 

formation of Florida from a cut in the road leading to 

Watson's Landing, Liberty County. No additional 

specimens have been noted in our further studies. 

Marginulina dubia Neugeboren 

Plate 4, Figures 7a, b 

Marginulina dubia Neugeboren, Siebenburg. Ver. Naturwiss. 

Verh. u. Mitt., vol. 2, p. 120, pl. 4, fig. 1, 1851; Akad. 

Wiss. Wien Denkschr., vol. 12, p. 100, 1856. 

Cushman and Laiming, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 5, p. 98, 

pl. 10, fig. 7, 1931. 

Cushman and Parker, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. 

Research, vol. 7, p. 3, pl. 1, fig. 6, 1931. 

Cushman and Ponton, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 9, p. 59, 

pl. 8, figs. lla, b, 1932. 

Marginulina sp.? Cushman, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 4, p. 27, 

pl. 4, figs. 8a, b, 1930. 

From material recent]y studied from the Miocene 

of California, it would seem that the figured specimen, 

which came from the upper fossiliferous bed at Alum 

Bluff, Apalachicola River, Liberty County, Fla., may 

be possibly identified as Marginulina dubia N eugeboren. The early portion is more closely .coiled than in 

the California specimens, but the general shape and 

appearance of the last-formed chambers are very much 

alike in the two forms. 

Marginulina sp.? 

Plate 4, Figures 8 a, b 

Marginulina sp.? Cushman, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 4, p. 27, 

pl. 4, figs. 9 a, b, 1930. 

This somewhat irregular form, which was found in 

the Choctawhatchee formation in the lowest fossiliferous bed on Jim Kennedy Branch, about 1 mile east 

of Red Bay, Walton County, Fla., has not been found 

again in any of our more recently collected material. 

Genus SARACENARIA Defrance, 1824 

Saracenaria acutauricularis (Fichtel and · Moll) 

Plate 5, Figures 1 a, b 

"Hammoniae subrotundae" Soldani, Testaceographia, vol. 1, 

pt. 1, p. 61, pl. 49, fig. X, 1789. 

Nautilus acutauricularis Fichtel and Moll, Testacea microscopica, p. 102, pl. 18, figs. g-i, 1803. 

Cristellaria acutauricularis Parker and Jones, Annals and Mag . . 

Nat. Hist., 3d ser., vol. 5, p. 114, 1860. 

H. B. Brady, Challenger Rept., Zoology, vol. 9, p. 543, 

pl. 114, figs. 17 a, b, 1884. 

Saracenaria acutauricularis Cushman, Florida Geol. Survey 

Bull. 4,· p. 27, pl. 4, figs. 10 a, b, 1930. 

Cushman and Ponton, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 9, p. 60, 

. 1932. 
14 SHORTER CONTRIDUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY, 1932-33 

This species was found in the Choctawhatchee 

formation in the lower bed on Jim Kennedy Branch, 

about 1 mile east of Red Bay, Walton County, Fla. 

It also occurs in beds of the Shoal River formation of 

Florida. The species has also been recorded from the 

Miocene of Trinidad and Venezuela. 

There are Jurassic records for this species, but the 

figures given for them indicate that the Jurassic forms 

are not identical with the species of later formations. 

Genus DENTALINA D'Orbigny, 1826 

Dentalina communis D'Orbigny 

Plate 5, Figure 2 

Nodosaria (Dentalina) communis D'Orbigny, Annales sci. nat., 

vol. 7, p. 254, No. 35, 1826. 

Cushman, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 4, p. 27, pl. 5, fig. 1, 

1930. 

Cushman and Ponton, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 9, p. 60, 

1932. 

Nodosaria communis Reuss, Die Versteinerungen der bohmischen 

Kreideformation, pt. 1, p. 28, pl. 12, fig. 21, 1845. [For 

further references to this species, see Cushman, U. S. 

Nat. Mus. Bull. 104, pt. 6, p. 75, 1929.] 

Test elongate, slender, slightly tapering, slightly 

curved, composed of several chambers, those toward 

the apertural end inflated; sutures depressed, those 

toward the initial end less distinct, more or less 

oblique; wall smooth; aperture radiate, excentric. 

Length up to 3.00 mm. 

This species is rather widely distributed in the 

Miocene, being recorded from the Choctawhatehee 

and Shoal River formations of Florida. A single 

specimen, apparently this same species, occurs in 

material from the Yorktown formation in Virginia. 

The species also occurs in the Miocene Gatun formation of the Panama Canal Zone and has recently b~en 

recorded from the Temblor formation of California. 6 

There are also Jurassic records given for this species, 

but it is questionable whether or not they represent 

D'Orbigny's species. 

Dentalina consobrina D'Orbigny var. emaciata Reuss 

Plate 5, Figure 3 

Dentalina emaciata Reuss, Deutsche geol. Gesell. Zeitschr., vol. 

3, p. 63, pl. 3, fig. 9, 1851. 

Nodosaria (Dentalina) consobrina var. emaciata Reuss, Akad. 

Wiss. Wien Denkschr., vol. 25, p. 132, pl. 2, figs. 12, 13, 

1865. 

H. B. Brady, Challenger Rept., Zoology, v;l. 9, p. 502, pl. 

62, figs. 25, 26, 1884. 

Flint, U. S. Nat. Mus. ·Rept. for 1897, p. 310, pl. 56, fig. 1, 

1899. 

Cushman, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 71, pt. 3, p. 56, pl. 27, 

fig. 9, 1913; Bull. 104, pt. 4, p. 78, pl. 13, figs. 3-5, 1923; 

Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 4, p. 28, pl. 5, fig. 2, 1930. 

Cushman and Ponton, Florida-Geol. Survey Bull. 9, p. 61, 

1932. 

6 Cushman, J. A., and Parker, F. L., Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Research, 

vol. 7, p. 3, pl. I, fig. 8, 1931. · 

Test elongate, tapering, often with a spine at the 

apical end, slightly curved; composed of numerous 

chambers, short and cylindrical in the early portion 

but becoming longer and more inflated in the later 

portion; sutures not depressed in the early portion, 

more so later; wall smooth; aperture radiate, slightly 

excentric. 

This seems to be a very rare form in the Miocene of 

the eastern port1on of the Uni~ed States. The figured 

specimen · is fron1 the Choctawhatchee formation of 

Florida, from the lowest fossiliferous bed on Jim 

Kennedy Branch, about 1 mile east of Red Bay, Walton 

County. It occurs rarely in the Choctawhatchee and 

Shoal River formations of Florida. We have a single 

broken specimen, showing the last-formed chambers, 

from the Yorktown formation of Virginia, which it 

seems may be placed under this name. 

Dentalina sp.? 

Plate 5, Figure 4 

Dentalina sp.? Cushman, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 4, p. 28, 

pl. 5, fig. 3, 1930. 

This figured fragment was found with the abovedescribed form in Florida, but no further specimens 

were obtained in the other material examined from the 

States to the north. Later material from the Miocene 

of Florida seems to show that this should be referred 

to Dentalina pyrula (D'Orbigny).6

a 

Genus NODOSARIA Lamarck, 1812 

Nodosaria catesbyi D'Orbigny 

Plate 5, Figure 5 

Nodosaria catesbyi D'Orbigny, in De la Sagra, Histoire physique, 

politique et naturelle de l'ile de Cuba, Foraminiferes. 

p. 16, pl. 11, figs. 8-10, 1839. 

Cushman, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 4, p. 28, pl. 5, fig. 4,. 

1930. 

Cushman and Ponton, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 9, p. 61, 

1932. 

Test composed of two chambers, the proloculum 

subglobular, with a short basal spine, the second 

chamber more pyriform, apertural end somewhat prolonged; suture distinct and depressed; wall ornamented with numerous· very distinct costae, which 

extend the entire length of the two chan1bers to the 

aperture. Length 0.45 mm.; diameter 0.17 mm. 

The figured specimen is from the Choctawhatchee 

formation of Florida, where the species occurs in 

Calhoun, Liberty, and Leon Counties. This is evidently the same species that D'Orbigny had from 

Recent material off the West Indies, where it is 

widely distributed but never occurs in any eonsiderable numbers so far as material we have studied 

shows. 

Ga Cushman and Ponton, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 9, p. 61, pl9, figs. 5, 6,1932. 
MIOCENE FORAMINIFERA OF COASTAL PLAIN OF EASTERN UNITED STATES 15 

Subfamily LAGENINAE 

Genus LAGENA Walker and Jacob, 1~ 98 

Lagena perlucida (Montagu) 

Plate 5, Figures 6a, b 

Vermiculum perlucidum Montagu, Testacea Britannica, p. 525, 

pl. 14, fig. 3, 1803. I 

Lagena perlucida Brown, Illustrations of the conchology Qf 

Great Britain and Ireland, fly leaf, pl. 1, fig. 29, 1827; 

2d ed., p. 3, pl. 56, fig. 29, 1844. 

Schlumberger, Feuille des jeunes naturalistes, ann. 12, pl. 

1, fig. 2, 1882. 

Cushman, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 104, pt. 4, p. 46, pl. 8, 

figs. 12, 13, 1923; Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 4, p. 29, pl. 

5, fig. 5, 1930. 

Cushman and Parker, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. 

Research, vol. 7, p. 6, pl. 1, fig. 22, 1931. 

Cushman and Ponton, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 9, p . 62, 

1932. 

Lagena vulgaris Williamson var. perlucida Williamson, Recent 

Foraminifera of Great Britain, p. 5, pl. 1, figs. 7, 8, 1858. 

Test somewhat pyriform, elongate, broadest near 

the base, the apertural end continued into u,n elongate, 

cylindrical, slender neck, often with a slight lip, the 

opposite portion of the test with a few, fine, longitudinal costae, extending part way up the body of the 

test; surface otherwise smooth. Length up to 0.30-

0.35 mm; diameter 0.10-0.15 mm. 

This species has already been recorded from the 

Miocene Choctawhatchee formation of several counties 

in Florida. Later material shows that it also occurs ill 

the Shoal River, Oak Grove, and Chipola of the Florida 

Miocene. It has also been recently recorded from the 

Miocene Temblor formation of California. The only 

specimens in our material came from the Yorktown 

formation of North Carolina and the Calvert formation of Chesapeake Beach, Md. 

There is a considerable variation in the shape of the 

test of this species. 

Lagena clavata (D'Orbigny) 

Plate 5, Figures 7a, b 

Oolina clavata D'Orbigny, Foraminiferes fossiles du bassin tertiaire de Vienne, p. 24, pl. 1, fig. 2, 1846. 

Lagena clavata Mackie, Recreative science, vol. 1, p. 148, fig. 13, 

1859. 

Cushman, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 4, p. 2:9, pl. 5, fig~. 

6a, b, 1930. 

Cushman and Ponton, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 9, p. 62, 

1932. [For complete references to this species, see 

Cushman, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 104, pt. 4, p. JO~ 1923.] 

Test elongate, clavate or fusiform, with a long neck 

at the oral end and basal end rounded, usually with a 

spinose projection, transverse section circular; wall 

smooth, thin, and transparent; aperture with a definite 

phlaline lip. Length 0.30-0.40 -mm; dian1eter 0.15-

0.18 mm. 

This species occurs rarely in the Choctawhatchee 

formation of Florida, and we have it also from the 

136785°-33--2 

Miocene Choptank and Calvert formations of Maryland. The few records from the Eocene and Creta:.. 

ceous may not be of forms identical with the species 

so common from the Miocene to the Recent seas. 

Lagena hexagona (Williamson) 

Plate 5, Figures 8a, b 

Entosolenia squamosa Montagu var. hexagona Williamson, 

Annals and Mag. Nat. : Hist., 2d ser., vol. 1, p. 20, pl. 2, 

fig. 23, 1848; Recent Foraminifera of Great Britain, p. 

13, pl. 1, fig. 31, 1858. 

Lagena hexagona Siddall, Catalogue of Recent British Foraminifera, p. 6, 1879. 

Cushman, Florida Geol. Survey BulL 4, p. 30, pl. 5, figs. 

lla, b, 1930. . 

Cushman and Ponton, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 9, p. 62, 

1932. [For complete references to this species, see 

Cushman, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 104, pt. 4, p. 24, 1923.} • 

Test pyriform, base se~icircular, apertural end somewhat drawn out, with a short neck; surface ornamented 

by rather regular, hexagonal reticulations. Length up 

to 0.30 mm; diameter 0.20 mm. 

This species is rare in the Choctawhatchee, Shoal 

River, and Chipola formations of Florida, but no 

further records can be added from our study of the 

material northward to Maryland. 

Lagena hexagona (Williamson) var. scalariformis (Williamson) 

Plate 5, Figures 9a, b 

Entosolenia squamosa (Montagu) var. scalariformis Williamsont 

Recent Foraminifera of Great Britain, p. 13, pl. 1, fig. 

30, 1858. 

L~gena scalariformis Reuss, Akad. Wiss. Wien Sitzungsber., vol. 

46, pt. l, p . 333, pl. 5, figs. 69-71, 1862 (1863). 

Lagena hexagona (Williamson) var. scalariformis Cushman, U. 

S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 71, pt. 3, p. 17, pl. 6, fig. 4, 1913; 

Scripps Inst. Oceanography Bull., Tech. ser., vol. 1, p. 

145, 1927; Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Research, vol. 

5, pt. 3, p. 72, pl. 11, fig. 17, 1929; Florida Geol. Survey 

Bull. 4, p. 30, pl. 5, figs. 7a, b, ' 1930. 

Cushman and Parker, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. 

Research, vol. 7, p. 7, pl. 1, fig. 24, 1931. 

Cushman and Ponton, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 9, p. 62, 

1932. 

Test subglobular, surface ornamentation of generally reticulate pattern, the sides of the reticulations 

often thickened, forming costae, the top and bottom 

borders usually less conspicuous; aperture without a 

neck or lip, slightly protruding. Length 0.25 mm; 

diameter 0.18 n1m. 

Although this is one of the commonest forms of the 

genus in the Choctawhatchee formation of Florida, 

where it occurs in Bay, Calhoun, Leon, Liberty, and 

Washington Counties, no further records were obtained 

from our studies of the additional collections. 

This variety has recently been recorded from the 

Miocene Temblor formation of California. 
16 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY, 1932-33 

Lagena sulcata (Walker and Jacob) 

Plate 5, Figure 10 . 

"Serpula (Lagena) striata sulcata rotundata" Walker and Boys. 

Testacea minuta rariora, p. 2, pl. 1, fig. 6, 1784. 

Serpula (Lagena) sulcata Walker and Jacob, in Adam's Essays 

on the microscope, Kanmacher's ed., p. 634, pl. 14, fig. 5, 

1798. 

Lagena sulcata Parker and Jones; Philos. Trans., vol. 155, p. 351, 

1865. 

Cushman, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 4, p. 31, pl. 5, fig. 10, 

1930. 

Cushman and ·Parker, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. 

Research, vol. 7, p. 6, pl. 1, fig. 20, 1931. 

Cushman and Ponton, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 9, p. 63, 

1932. . 

Test typically subglobose, slightly longer than 

broad; wall with numerous, rather coarse, longitudinal coBtae, neck elongate with a definite, phialine 

lip. Length of figured specimen 0.27 mm; diameter 

0.18 mm. • 

This very' common and widely distributed species 

seems to be rare in the American Miocene. Single 

specimens occurred in Florida at Darlings Slide, 

. about 2~ miles southeast of Clarksville, Calhoun 

County, and in the upper fossiliferous bed at Alum 

Bluff, Apalachicola River, Liberty County. It has 

recently been recorded also from the Miocene Temblor · 

formation of California. 

There are a few records from the Jurassic citing this 

species, but most of them do not seem to be of identical 

forms~ 

Lagena substriata Williamson 

Plate 5, Figures 11a, b 

Lagena substriata Williamson, Annals and Mag. Nat. Hist., 

2d ser., vol. 1, p. 15, pl. 1, fig. 12, 1848. 

Cushman, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 104, pt. 4, p. 56, pl. 10, 

fig. 11, 192a; Scripps Inst. Oceanography Bull., Tech. 

ser., vol. 1, p. 145, 1927; Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. 

Research, vol. 51 p. 68, pl. 11, fig. 4, 1929; Florida Geol. 

Survey Bull. 4, p. 31, pl. 5, fig. 14, 1930. 

Cushman and Ponton, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 9, p. 63, 

1932. 

Lagena vulgaris Williamson var. substriata Williamson, Recent 

· Foraminifera of Great Britain, p. 7, pl. 1, fig. 14, 1858. 

Test elongate, body of the test longer than broad, 

basal end rounded, apertural end tapering into an 

elongate neck; wall ornamented with numerous fine 

longitudinal costae, continuous from the base of the 

chamber to the neck, sometimes a few on the neck 

itself. Length 0.4Q-0.50 mm; diameter 0.25-0.30 mm. 

This species has already been recorded from the 

Choctawhatchee formation of Walton, Liberty, Leon, 

and Calhoun Counties, Fla., and from one station in 

the Shoal River formation. In our material are specimens from the St. Marys and Calvert formations of 

Maryland and from the Yorktown formation of North 

Carolina. 

Lagena costata (Williamson) var. amphora Reuss 

Plate 5, Figure 14 

Lagena amphora Reuss, Akad. Wiss. Wien Sitzungsber., vol. 46, 

pt. 1, p. 330, pl. 4, fig. 57, 1862 (1863). 

Lagena costata (Williamson) var. amphora Cushman, U. S. 

Nat. Mus. Bull. 71, pt. 3, p. 21, pl. 10, figs. 2, 3; pl. 12, 

fig. 2, 1913; Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Research, 

vol. 5, p. 70, pl. 11, figs. 11, 12, 1929; Florida Geol. 

Survey Bull. 4, p. 31, pl. 5, fig. 8, 1930. 

Cushman and Ponton, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 9, p. 63, 

1932. 

Test elongate, pyriform, with a long, tapering neck; 

surface with comparatively few, prominent costae, 

running up onto the elongate tapering neck; aperture 

small, without a lip. Length of figured specimen 0.27 

mm; diameter 0.12 mm .. 

The only Miocene references from eastern United 

States are those already recorded from Florida. This 

form also occurs in the Calvert formation of Chesapeake Beach, Md. 

Lagena cf. L. striato-punctata Parker and Jones 

Plate 5, Figure 13 

Several specimens from the lower bed at Alum Bluff, 

on the Apalachicola · River, Liberty County, Fla., 

similar to that here figured are recorded under this 

name in the bulletin on the Choctawhatchee formation 

of Florida.7 

Lagena orbignyana (Seguenza) var. lacunata Burrows and 

Holland 

Plate 5, Figures 12a, b 

Lagena castrensis H. B. Brady (not Schwager), Challenger 

Rept., Zoology, vol. 9, p. 485, pl. 60, figs. 1, 2, 1884. 

Balkwill and Wright; Roy. Irish Acad. Trans., vol. 28 

(Sci.), p. 341, pl. 12, figs. 20, 21, 1885. 

Egger, K.-bayer. Akad. Wiss. Munchen, Cl. 2, Abh., vol. 

18, p. 333, pl. 10, figs. 71, 72, 1893. 

Flint, U. S. Nat. Mus. Rept. for 1897, p. 308, pl. 54, fig. 5, 

1899. 

Lagena lacunata Burrows and Holland, in Jones, Foraminifera 

of the Crag, p. 205, pl. 7, fig. 12, 1895. 

Lagena orbignyana var. castrensis Millett, Roy. Micr. Soc. 

Jour., 1901., p. 626, pl. 14, fig. 20. 

Lagena orbignyana var. lacunata Sidebottom, Manchester Lit. 

Philos. Soc. Mem. and Proc., vol. 54, No. 16, p. 19, 

pl. 2, fig. 14, 1910; Quekett Micr. Club Jour., vol. 11, 

p. 416, pl. 19, figs. 16-18, 1912. 

Cushman, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 71, pt. 3, p. 43, pl. 20, 

fig. 1, .1913; Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 4, p. 32, pl. 5, 

figs. 13a, b, 1930. 

Cushman and Ponton, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 9, p. 63, 

1932. 

Test rounded or ovate, much compressed, whole 

test surrounded by a peripheral keel, inside of which 

on each side is a complete raised rim about the body 

proper; neck somewhat elongate; wall with the body 

7 Cushman, J. A., Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 4, p. 32, pl. 5, fig. 9, 1930. 
MIOCENE FORAMINIFERA OF COASTAL PLAIN OF EA~TERN UNITED STATES 17 

portion ornamented by a network of lacunae or pitted 

areas of varying size, usually with an outlining ring 

about each pit. Length up to 0.30 mm; breadth 0.25 

mm; thickness 0.15 mm. 

Although this form occurs rather abundantly in the . 

Choctawhatchee formation of Florida, being recorded 

from Leon, Liberty, and Washington Counties, no 

specimens were found in all the numerous collections 

studied from localities north of this area. 

Lagena cf. L. marginato-perforata (Seguenza) 

Plate 5, Figures 15a, b 

In the Choctawhatchee formation specimens from 

Liberty and Leon Counties, Fla., were referred to this 

species. Similar specimens occur in the Shoal River 

and Oak Grove of Florida. The specimen here figured 

came .from the Yorktown formation of Virginia, and 

additional specimens occurred at one other station in 

the Yorktown · of North Carolina. The test is much 

compressed, of distinctive form, with a very variable . 

keel, but the surface is always coarsely perforate. 

Family POLYMORPHINIDAE 

Genus GUTTULINA D'Orbigny, 1826 

Guttulina irregularis (D'Orbigny) 

Globulina irregularis D'Orbigny, Foraminiferes foss:iles du bassin 

tertiaire de Vienne, p. 226, pl. 13, figs. 9, 10, 1846. 

Cushman and Thomas, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 3, p. 177, 

pl. 23, figs. 2a-c, 1929. 

Guttulina irregularis Cushman, Florida Geol. Survey BulL 4, 

p . 33, 1930. 

Cushman and Ponton, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 9, p. 64, 

pl. 9, figs. 1Q-12, 1932. [For further references, see 

Cushman and Ozawa, U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc., vol. 77, 

art. 6, 1930.] 

Test oval to subdeltoidal, equilaterally triangular, 

with rounded sides and angles, except the acute apertural end; chambers more or less angular, elongated, 

arranged in a clockwise, quinqueloculine series, each 

succeeding chamber except the last oiie or two in fullgrown specimens coming down to the base; sutures 

depressed, distinct; wall smooth but in full grown 

specimens often having the last small cha,mber with 

spines or covered with fistulose tubes; aperture radiate. 

Although this species is very widely distribured in 

the Tertiary and especially in the Oligocene of America, 

it is strange that there are so few records from the 

Miocene of the eastern part of the United States~ It 

is rare in the Choctawhatchee formation of Florida but 

is common in the Shoal River and Chipola formations. 

Guttulina costatula Galloway and Wissler 

Plate 6, Figures 1a, b 

Polymorphina (Guttulina) costatula Galloway and Wissler, Jour. 

Paleontology, vol. 1, p. 57, pl. 9, figs. lOa, b, 1927. 

Guttulina costatula Cushman and Ozawa, U.S. Nat. Mus. Proc., 

vol. 77, art. 6, p. 35, pl. 6, figs. 3a, b, 1930. 

Cushman, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 4, p. 33, pl. 5, fig. 15, 

1930. 

I 

Test short, somewhat fusiform, acute at both ends; 

chambers inflated, rOlmded, not much embracing, arranged in a contntcloekwise, quinqueloculine series, 

each succeeding cha1nber removed much farther from 

the !;>ase; sutures depressed, distinct; wall ornamented 

with numerous distinct, rounded costae, of which there 

are five more strongly developed at the base, radiating 

from the acute initial end independent of the sutures, 

and taking positions in accord with the quinqueloculine 

arrangement of the early chambers; aperture produced, 

radiate. 

In Florida t.;his species has been recorded from the 

Choctawhatchee formation at numerous stations but 

not in the lower Miocene. We have additional material from the Duplin marl of South Carolina. 

Guttulina lactea (Montagu) var. earlandi Cushman and Ozawa 

Plate 6, Figure 2 

Polymorphina concava Jones (not Williamson), Foraminifera of 

the Crag, pt. 3, p. 264, pl. 5, fig. 22, 1896. 

Heron-Allen and Earland, Roy. Micr. Soc. Jour., 1909, 

p. 431, pl. 17, fig. 6. 

Polymorphina lactea var. concava Sidebottom, Manchester Lit. 

Ph:ilos. Soc. Mem. and Proc., vol. 51, No. 9, p. 14, pl. 

3, figs. 8, 9, 1907. 

Guttulina lactea (Montagu) var. earlandi Cushman and Ozawa, 

U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc., vol. 77, art. 6, p. 45, pl. 10, fig. 5, 

1930. 

Cushman, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 4, p. 34, pl. 5, fig. 19, 

1930. 

Cushman antl Ponton, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 9, p. 65, 

1932. 

This variety differs from the typical form of the 

species in its attached character and in holding to the 

short form seen in the early stages of the typical form. · 

The single specimen previously recorded from Florida 

from the Choctawhatchee formation of Gully Sink, T. 2 

N., R. 14 (?) W., Washington County, has now been 

supplemented by rare occurrences in that formation 

and in the Shoal River formation of .Florida. 

Guitulina austriaca D'Orbigny 

Plate 6, Figures 3, 4 

Guttulina austriaca D'Orbigny, Foraminiferes fossiles du bassin 

tertiaire de Vienne, p. 223, pl. 12, figs. 23-25, 1846. 

Terquem, Soc. geol. France Mem., ser. 3, vol. 2, p. 133, pl. 

13 (21), fig. 36, 1882. 

Cushman and Ozawa, U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc., vol. 77, art. 

6, p . 29, pl. 4, figs. 3-5, 1930. 

Cushman and Ponton, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 9, p. 65, 

pl. 9, figs. 13, 14, 1932. · 

Polymorphina oblonga D'Orbigny, op. cit., p. 232, pl. 12, figs. 

29-31, 1846. 

Terquen1, op. cit., p. 145, pl. 15· (23), fig. 9, 1882. 

H. B. Brady, Challenger Rept., Zoology, vol. 9, p. 569, pl. 

73, fig. 4 (not figs. 2 and 3), 1884. 

Chaster, Southpbrt Soc. Nat. Sci. First Rept., p. 64, pl. 1, 

fig. 13, 1892. 

Bagg, U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 513, p. 73, pl. 20, figs. lQ--12, 

1913. 

Cushman, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 71, pt. 3, p. 88, pl. 37, fig. 

6, 1913; BulL 100, vol. 4, p. 268, pl. 52, fig. 3, 1921. 
18 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY, 1932-33 

Polymorphina guttata Reuss, Akad. Wiss. Wien Sitzungsber ., 

vol. 62, pt. 1, p. 487, 1870. 

Von Schlicht, Die Foraminiferen Q.es Septarienthones von 

Pietzpuhl, pl. 30, figs. 25-32, 1870. 

T~st fusifonn to oblong, more or less rounded at the 

base, rather acute at the apertural end, often botryoidal, greatest breadth usually above the middle; chambers oval to clavate, slightly embracing, arranged in a 

clockwise, quinqueloculine series, each succeeding 

chamber removed much farther from the base; sutures 

depressed and very distinct; wall smooth, translucent; 

aperture produced, radiate. Length 0.60-1.15 mm; 

breadth 0.40-0.55 mm; thickness 0.35-0.50 mm. 

This species was found rarely in the Choctawhatchee 

forn1ation of Florida and occurs rather rarely in the 

St. Marys and Yorktown formations of Virginia. 

Genus PYRULINA D'Orbigny, 1826 

Pyrulina albatrossi Cushman .and Ozawa 

Plate 6, Figures 5a, b 

Pyrulina albatrossi Cushman and Ozawa, U.S. Nat. Mus. Proc., 

vol. 77, art. 6, p. 58, pl. 15, figs. 1-3, 1930. 

Cushman, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 4, p. 34, pl. 5, figs. 

17, 18, 1930. 

Cushman and Ponton, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 9, p. 66, 

1932. 

Test elongate, fusiform to cylindrical, acute at both 

ends; chambers elongated, much em bracing, arranged 

in a triserial series, becoming biserial later, but often 

one extra, rounded chamber added at the top of the 

test, each succeeding chamber slightly removed from 

the base; sutures but little depressed, nearly vertical, 

generally distinct; wall smooth, thin, almost transparent; aperture radiate. Length 0.65 mm; diameter 

0.30 mm. · 

This species, originally described from Recent material from the western Atlantic, has also been recorded 

from the Miocene Choctawhatchee formation of 

Florida. In the collections recently studied rather 

typical specimens occur in the Choptank and Calvert 

formations of Maryland and in the Yorktown formation of North Carolina. 

Genus GLOBULINA D'Orbigny, 1826 

Globulina gibba D'Orbigny 

Plate 6, Figure 6 

Globulina gibba D'Orbigny, Annales sci. nat., vol. 7, p. 277, No' 

10, Modeles, No. 63, 1826; Foraminiferes fossiles du 

bassin tertiaire de Vienne, p. 227, pl. 13, figs. 13, 14, 1846. 

Cushman, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 4, p. 34, pl. 5, fig. 21, 

1930. 

Cushman and Ponton, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 9, p. 66, 

pl. 10, figs. 3a-c, 1932. [For further references, see 

Cushman and Ozawa, U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc., vol. 77, 

art. 6, p. 60, 1930.] 

Test globular to subglobular, transverse section 

almost circular; chambers few, inflated, rounded, 

arranged in a nearly triserial series; sutures not 

depressed, generally clear; wall smooth, translucent, 

often with fistulose tubes, especially at the apertural 

end; aperture radiate. 

We have no further specimens of this species to add 

to the records already published from the Miocene. 

It has previously been recorded from the Choctawhatchee formation of Florida in Walton, Leon, and 

Calhoun Counties, and from the Shoal River, Oak 

Grove, and Chipola formations. 

Globulina inaequalis Reuss 

Plate 6, Figures 7, 8 

Globulina inaequalis Reuss, K. Akad. Wiss. Wien Denkschr., 

vol. 1, p. 377, pl. 48, fig. 9, 1850. 

Cushman, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 4, p. 35, pl. 5, fig. 22, 

1930. 

Cushman and Ponton, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 9, p. 66, 

pl. 10, figs. la-c, 1932. [For further references to this 

species, see Cushman and Ozawa, U.S. Nat. Mus. Proc., 

vol. 77, art. 6, p. 73, 1930.] 

Test ovate, more or less compressed, broadly rounded 

at the base, tapering toward the apex; chambers few, 

inflated, much overlapping, arranged in a nearly triserial series; sutures very slightly if at all depressed, 

distinct; wall smooth, translucent; aperture radiate. 

Length 0.40-0.60 mm; breadth 0.25-0.40 mrn. 

This is a very widely distributed species. It has 

previously been recorded from the Choctawhatchee 

formation of Florida from Leon, Walton, and Washington Counties. Our material has added records from 

the Yorktown formation of Virginia, the Yorktown 

formation and the Duplin marl of North Carolina, and 

the Calvert and Choptank formations of Maryland. 

Qlobulina rotundata (Bornemann) 

Plate 6, Figure 9 

Guttulina rotundata Bornemann, Deutsche geol. Gesell. Zeitschr ., 

vol. 7, p. 34u, pl. 18, fig. 3, 1855. 

Globulina rotundata Cushman, Florida Geol. Survey. 'Bull. 4, 

p. 35, pl. 5, fig. 16, 1930. 

Cushman and Ponton, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 9, p. 67, 

1932. [For further references to this species, see Cushman and Ozawa, U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc., vol. 77, art. 6, p. 

86, 1930.] 

Test ellipsoidal or ovoid to cylindrical, rounded at 

the base, slightly produced at the apertural end; 

chambers rounded, almost as long as broad, arranged 

in a nearly triserial series, each succeeding chamber 

removed much farther from the base, rarely becoming 

almost uniserial in the last chamber; sutures but little 

depressed, generally distinct; wall smooth, thick, often 

with fistulose tubes; aperture radiate. 

The species has occurred in the Choctawhatchee 

formation at several stations in Walton County, Fla., 

but has not occurred in any more recently studied 

material from the area to the north. 
MIOCENE FORAMINIFERA OF COASTAL PLAIN OF EASTERN UNITED STATES 19 

Genus PSEUDOPOLYMORPHINA Cushman and Ozawa, 1928 

Pseudopolymorphina dumblei (Cushman and Applin) 

Plate 6, Figures lOa, b 

Polymorphina compressa D'Orbigny var. dumblei Cushman and 

Applin, Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., vol. 10, 

p. 173, pl. 9, figs. 4, 5, 1926. 

Pseudopolymorphina dumblei Cushman and Ozawa, U. S. Nat. 

Mus. Proc., vo1. 77, art. 6, p. 97, pl. 25, figs. la, b, 1930. 

Cushman, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 4, p. 35, pl. 6, fig. 5, 

1930. 

Cushman and Ponton, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 9, p. 67, 

1932. 

Test compressed, elongated, obtuse at the base, more 

or less acute at the apertural end; chambers slightly 

longer than wide, more or less compressed, much 

embracing, arranged at first in a nearly triserial series, 

becoming biserial later; sutures but little depressed, 

distinct; wall smooth; aperture radiate~ Length 0.75 

mm; breadth 0.35 mm. ' 

Specimens referred to this species have already been 

recorded from the Choctawhatchee forrnation of 

Florida from Calhoun, Liberty, and Walton Counties, 

as well as from the Shoal River and Chipola formations. 

Miocene records added by our studies are from the St. 

Marys and Calvert formations of Maryland. 

Pseudopolymorphina rutila (Cushman) 

Plate 6, Figure 11 

Polymorphina regina H. B. Brady, Parker, and Jones var. 

rutila Cushman, U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 133, 

p. 34, pl. 5, figs. 7, 8, 1923. 

Pseudopolymorphina rutila Cushman and Ozawa, U. S. Nat. 

Mus. Proc., vol. 77, art. 6, p. 100, pl. 26, figs. 3a, b, 1930. 

Cushman, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 4, p. 36, pl. 5, fig. 20, 

1930. 

Cushman and Ponton, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 9, p. 67, 

1932. 

Test compressed, elongate, fusiform, with a strong 

spine at the base; chambers more or less elongated, not 

much embracing, alternating; sutures more or less 

depressed, distinct; wall marked with a few strong, 

longitudinal costae; aperture radiate. Length 1.05 

mm; breadth 0.30 mm. 

This is a common species in the lower Oligocene of 

Mississippi, and there are records for it in the Choctawhatchee formation of Calhoun, Leon, and w·ashington 

Counties, Fla. No further records were added by our 

studies of the more extensive Miocene material. 

Pseudopolymorphina striata (Bagg) 

Plate 6, Figures 12, 13 

Polymorphina compressa var. striata Bagg, Maryland 

Survey, Miocene, p. 476, pl. 133, fig. 2, 1904. 

Polymorphina regina Bagg, op. cit., p. 378, pl. 133, fig. 7. 

Polymorphina compressa Bagg, op. cit., p. 476, pl. 133, fig. 1. 

Pseudopolymorphina striata Cushman and Ozawa, U. S. Nat. 

Mus. Proc., vol. 77, art. 6, p. 92, pl. 23, figs. 5a-c, 1930. 

Test compressed, elongated, base rounded; chambers 

longer than broad, not much embracing, arranged at 

first in a nearly contraclockwise, quinqueloculine 

series, later becoming regularly biserial w.ith the chambers alternating; sutures slightly depressed, distinct; 

wall marked with fine longitudinal costae, typically 

covering the entire test; aperture radiate. Adult 

specimen, length 1.30-1.60 mn1; breadth 0.42-0.50 mm. 

The records for the species are all from Maryland, 

from the Choptank formation 2}6 miles below Governor 

Run, Chesapeake Bay; 1 mile below Governor Run; 

and Point of Rocks, about n~ miles below Flag 

Pond, Chesapeake Bay, and from the Calvert formation 

of Chesapeake Beach and Plum Point. 

This is a highly ornamented species, somewhat 

variable in form and size but retaining its general 

characters rather clearly. 

Genus SIGMOMORPHINA Cushman and Ozawa, 1928 

Sigmomorphina williamsoni (Terquem) 

Plate 6, Figure 14 

Polymorphina williamsoni Terquem, Soc. geol. France Mem., 

ser. 3, vol. 1, p. 37, 1878. . 

Sigmomorphina williamsoni Cushman and Ozawa, U. S. Nat. 

Mus. Proc., vol. 77; art. 6, p. 138, pl. 38, figs. 3, 4, 1930. 

Cushman, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 4, p. 36, pl. 6, fig. 4, 

1930. 

Cushman and Ponton, Florida Geol. Surv:ey Bull. 9, p. 67, 

1932. 

Polymorphina lactea Walker and Jacob var. oblonga Williamson, 

Recent Foraminifera of Great Britain, p. 71, pl. 6, figs. 

149, 149a, 1858. 

Test ovate to oblong, compressed, of nearly equal 

thickness, sides· nearly parallel, rounded · at both ends; 

chambers elongated, embracing, arranged in a contraclock wise, sigmoid series, each succeeding chamber 

extending down to the base; sutures scarcely depressed 

but distinct; wall smooth, thin, nearly transparent; 

aperture long, radiate, furnished with an entosolenian 

tube. Length 0.45 mm; breadth 0.30 mm. 

The only record from the Miocene of the eastern 

United States is that from the Choctawhatchee formation at S. D. Johnson's place, near Woods, Liberty 

County, Fla. 

Genus SIGMOIDELLA Cushman and Ozawa, 1928 

Sigmoidella cf. S. kagaensis Cushman and Ozawa 

Plate 6, Figures 15a, b 

The only specimen of this genus found in our studies 

of this Miocene material is from the Calvert formation 

of Maryland. It has many of the characteristics of 

S. kagaensis, but is far from the other known localities 

for that species, which are all in the region from Japan 

to Australia. S. kagaensis is, however, recorded from 

the Miocene of Australia. 
20 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY, 1932-33 

Family NONIONIDAE 

Genus NONION Montfort, 1808 

Nonion grateloupi (D'Orbigny) 

Plate 7, Figures la, b 

Nonionina grateloupi D'Orbigny, Annales sci. nat., vol. 7, p. 

294, No. 19, 1826; in De la Sagra, Histoire physique, 

politique et naturelle de l'ile de Cuba, Foraminiferes, p. 

46, pl. 6, figs. 5, 7, 1839. 

Fornasini, Accad. sci. Ist. Bologna Mem., 6th ser., vol. 1, 

p. 12, pl. 3, fig. 5, 1904. 

Cushman, Carnegie Inst. Washington Pub. 291, p. 48, 

1919; U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc., vol. 59, p. 61, pl. 14, figs. 

9-11, 1921; Carnegie Inst. Washington Pub. 311, p. 55, 

pl. 9, figs. 7, 8, 1922; Pub. 344, p. 79, 1926; U. S. Nat. 

Mus. Bull. 104, pt. 7, p. 10, pl. 3, figs. 9-11; pl. 4, figs. 

1-4, 1929. 

Nonionina scapha Cushman (not Fichtel and Moll), U. S. 

Nat. Mus. Bull. 103, p. 73, pl. 25, figs. 6a, b, 1918; 

U. S. Geol. Survey Bull. 676, p. 68, pl. 25, fig. 2; pl. 26, 

figs. 2, 3, 1918. · · 

Nonion grateloupi Cushman, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 4, p. 

36, pl. 6, figs. 1-3, 1930. 

Cushman and Ponton, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 9, p. 68, 

1932. 

Test typically planispiral and bilaterally symmetrical 

but often becoming somewhat trochoid, mostly involute, in peripheral view the sides nearly parallel, 

periphery rounded; chambers numerous, usually 10 to 

12 in the last-formed coil in adults, chambers increasing 

rapidly in length, especially in the few chambers; 

sutures distinct, slightly depressed; wall smooth, 

finely perforate; aperture small, at the base of the lastformed chamber, narrow. Length up to 0.60 mm; 

breadth 0.35 mm; thickness 0.20 mm. 

This species is a common one in Recent collections 

from the West Indian region, from wliich it was first 

described. It is kriown from widely separated regions 

of the . Miocene of the general region, being recorded 

from Cuba, Santo Domingo, and Panama and from a 

number of localities in the Choctawhatchee, Shoal 

River, Oak Grove, and Chipola formations of FJorida. 

Our material shows some questionable specimens from 

the Choptank and Calvert formations of Maryland 

and the Yorktown formation of Virginia. It is evidently a species which has had its habitat in warm 

shallow waters, as all the localities in the Miocene and 

Recent material are in beds representing such conditions. It is probable that the species described a§ 

Nonionina extensa Cushman,8 from the Duplin marl of 

Mayesville, S. C., is a narrow form of this species. 

Such forms occur in any large series of speci~nens of 

this species. 

N onion pizarrense Berry 

Plate 7, Figures 2a, b 

Nonion pizarrensis Berry, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 1, p. 269, 

figs. 1-3 (in text), 1928. 

Cushman and Kellett, U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc., vol. 75, art. 

25, p. 4, pl. 1, figs. lOa, b; pl. 2, figs. la, b, 1929. 

Qushman and Ponton, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 9, p. 69, 

1932. 

8 Cushman, J. A., U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 676, p. 69, pl. 25, fig. 4, 1918. 

Nonionina depressula Cushman (not Walker and Jacob), U. S. 

Nat. Mus. Bull. 103, p. 72, pl. 25, figs. 5a, b, 1918. · 

Nonionina boueana Cushman (not D'Orbigny), U. S. Geol. 

Survey Bull. 676, p. 68, pl. 25, fig. 3, 1918. 

Test nearly bilaterally symmetrical, slightly longer 

than broad in side view; periphery broadly rounded, 

umbilici depressed but not usually open; chambers 

12 to 15 in the last-formed coil, elongate, curved, the 

apertural face convex; sutures distinct, strongly depressed at the inner end, becoming less so toward the 

periphery, gently curved; wall smooth, polished, very 

finely perforate, often roughened about the umbilicus; 

aperture elongate, at (he base of the apertural face, 

often slightly more extended on one side than the other. 

Length 0.60-0.80 mm; breadth 0.45-0.60 mm; 

thickness 0.22-0.35 mm. 

This species was originally described from the west 

coast of South America, where it is common. It is 

also known from the Miocene Gatun formation of 

Panama and is abundant in the Choctawhatchee 

formation of Walton County, Fla., and occurs in the 

Shoal River and Chipola. Specimens are abundant in 

some of our material, particularly from the St. Marys 

and Calvert formations of Maryland, and rather rare 

in the Yorktown formation of Virginia. 

N onion glabrellum Cushman 

Plate 7, Figures 3a, b 

Nonion glabrella Cushman, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 4, p. 38, 

pl. 6, figs.- 6a, b, 1930. 

Cushman and Ponton, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 9, p. 69, 

1932. 

Test planispiral, bilaterally symmetrical, periphery 

rounded, tending to become slightly uncoiled in the 

adult; chambers six or seven in the coil, increasing 

rather rapidly in size in the adult, the slightly uncoiled 

chambers much the largest; sutures distinct, later ones 

somewhat open and limbate, very slightly curved; wall 

smooth and highly polished, very finely perforate; 

aperture narrow, at the base of the apertural face. 

Length of holotype 0.30 mm; breadth 0.20 rom; 

thickness 0.10 min. 

This species, already described from the Choctawhatchee formation of Florida, occurs also in the Shoal 

River, Oak Grove, and Chipola of Florida. It has not 

been found in any of our material from the Miocene to 

the north of Florida. 

Nonion incisum (Cushman) 

Plate 7, Figures 4a, b 

Nonionina incisa Cushman, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. 

Research, vol. 1, pt. 4, p. 90, pl. 13, figs. 3a-c, 1926; 

vol. 2, pt. 3, p. 65, 1926. 

Nonion incisa Cushman, Stewart, and Stewart, San Diego 

Soc. Nat. Hist. Trans., vol. 6, p. 60, 1930. 

Cushman and Parker, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. 

Research, vol. 7, p. 7, pl. 1, figs. 26a, b, 1931. 

Test longer than broad, periphery acute, composed 

of numerous chambers, about 15 in the last-formed 

coil, slightly umbilicate; sutures distinct, deeply incised, 
MIOCENE FORAMINIFERA OF COASTAL PLAIN OF EASTERN UNITED STATES 21 

curved, forming an acute angle with the periphery; 

wall smooth; in apertural view the apertural face 

broad, slightly convex, the aperture an elongate narrow 

arched opening at the base of the apertural face between it and the preceding coil. Length 0.60-0.70 

mm; breadth 0.45-0.50 mm; thickness 0.30-0.35 mm. 

This species was not recorded from the Miocene of 

Florida, but specimens which seem to be typical 

occurred in our collections from the St. Marys forma~ 

tion of Virginia and the Choptank formation of Maryland. This species was originally described from the 

Monterey Miocene of California, and there are 

numerous records of it from that State. 

Nonion pompilioides (Fichtel and Moll) 

Plate 7, Figures 5a, b 

This form was recorded and figured in 1918 from 

Centerville, Md., as Nonioni'0a umbilicatula (Montagu) 

Parker and Jones. 9 The original specimen has been 

lost, and no other material referable to this species 

has been found. · 

Genus NONIONELLA Cushman, 1926 

Nonionella auris (D'Orbigny) 

Plate 7, Figures 6a, b 

Valvulina auris D'Orbigny, Voyage dans l' Amerique meridionale, 

vol. 5, pt. 5, Foraminiferes, p. 47, pl. 2, figs. 15-17, 1839. 

Nomonella auris Cushman and Kellett, U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc., 

vol. 75, art. 25, p. 5, pl. 1, fig. 9; pl. 2, figs. 2, 3, 1929. 

Cushman, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 4, p. 38, pl. 7, figs. 

la-c, 1930. 

Cushman and Ponton, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 9, p. 69, 

1932. 

Test asymmetrical, slightly trochoid, the spire not 

raised, periphery in the adult broadly rounded; 

chambers 9 to 11 in the adult, low and broad, very 

distinct, slightly inflated, in the adult with the lastformed chamber having an enlarged portion extending over the umbilicus on the ventral side; sutures 

distinct, depressed, gently curved; wall s1nooth, polished, very finely perforate; aperture at the base of 

the last-formed chamber extending from the periphery 

ventrally, low and broad. Length 0.40--=-0.45 mm; 

breadth 0.30-0.35 mm; thickness 0.18-0.20 mm. 

The species has already be~n recorded from the 

Miocene of Florida, where it occurs in considerable 

numbers in the Choctawhatchee formation, as well as 

at most of the stations in the Shoal River, Oak Grove, 

and Chipola. As a Recent form it is known from the 

west coast of South America. Our later collections 

have specimens apparently of this same species from 

the Yorktown formation of Virginia and from the St. 

Marys and Calvert formations of Maryland. 

G U. S. Geol. Survey Bull. 676, p. 69, pl. 26, fig. 6, 1918. 

Genus ELPHIDIUM Montfort, 1808 

Elphidium poeyanum (D'Orbigny) 

Plate 7, Figures 7a, b 

Polystomella poeyana D'Orbigny, in De la Sagra, Histoire 

physique, politique et naturelle de l'He de Cuba, Foraminiferes, p. 55, pl. 6, figs. 25, 26, 1839. 

Cushman, Carnegie Inst. Washington Pub. 311, p. 55, pl. 

9, figs. 9, 10, 1922; Pub. 344, p. 79, 1926. 

Elphidium poe.yanum Cushman, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 104, pt. 

7, p. 25, pl. 10, figs. 4, 5, 1929; Florida Geol. Survey 

Bull. 4, p. 39, pl. 7, figs. 3, 4, 1930. 

Cushman and Ponton, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 9, p. 69, 

1932. 

Polystomella striato-punctata Cushman (not Fichtel and Moll), 

U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 104, p. 74, pl. 26, figs. 3, 4, 1918; 

U. S. Geol. Survey Bull. 676, pp. 19, 69, pl. 8, fig. 4; 

pl. 26, fig. 4 (?); pl. 27, fig. 2, 1918; U. S. Geol. Survey 

Prof. Paper 128, p. 71, pl. 11, fig. 17, 1920. 

Test of small size for the genus, strongly compressed, 

periphery broadly rounded, margin slightly lobulate, 

sides nearly parallel in peripheral view, umbilical 

regions slightly depressed; chambers averaging 10 to 

12 in the last-formed coil but variable, very slightly 

inflated, very distinct; sutures slightly depressed, 

marked by the very short, broad retral processes, 

averaging about 15 in Recent specimens and less in 

the fossil ones; wall thin, translucent, smooth, con-

·spicuously but finely perforate; aperture composed of 

a series of small rounded openings at the base of the 

apertural face. Diameter up to 0.50 mm; thickness 

0.20 mm. 

This is a very common species, rather widely distributed in the West Indian region, from which it was 

originally described. It occurs in the Miocene Choctawhatchee formation of Florida in several counties 

and is widely distributed in the later collections from 

the Shoal River, Oak Grove, and Cbipola, as well as in 

those which we have examined from the north, occurring in the Duplin marl of South Carolina and North 

Carolina, theY orktown formation of North Carolina and 

Virginia, and the St. Marys and Choptank formations 

of Maryland. 

Elphidium incertum (Williamson) 

Pia te 7, Figure 8 

Poly$tomella umbilicatula var. incerta Williamson, Recent 

Foraminifera of Great Britain, p. 44, pl. 3, figs. 82, 82a, 

1858. 

Elphidium incertum Cushman, U.S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 104, pt. 7, 

p. 18, pl. 7, figs, 4-9, 1929; Florida Geol. Survey Bvll. 4, 

p. 39, pl. 7, figs. 2a, b, 1930. 

Cushman and Ponton, Florida Geol. Survey · Bull. 9, p. 70, 

1932. 

Nonionina depressula Cushman (not Walker and Jacob), U. S. 

Geol. Survey Bull. 676, p. 67, pl. 26, fig. 1, 1918. 

Test of small size for the genus, compressed, periphery broadly rounded, margin entire or with the last 
22 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY, 1932-33 

two or three chambers lobulated, umbilical regions 

slightly depressed, often with a slight knob or irregularly arranged slits at the base of the sutures; 

chambers few, usually less than 10 in the last-formed 

coil, slightly inflated, distinct; sutures distinct, mainly 

marked by the openings, retral processes few, usually 

not more than 5 to 7; wall thick, usually opaque; 

aperture composed of several small, rounded openings 

at the base of the apertural face. Diameter 0.50 mm; 

thickness 0.23 mm. 

This is a common species in the cooler waters off 

the eastern coast of . the United States, as well as off 

the coast of Europe. It has already been recorded 

from the Choctawhatchee formation of Florida and 

is the most common species of the genus in the Miocene 

to the north, occurring in the Duplin marl of both 

North and South Carolina, the Yorktown and St. 

Marys formations of Virginia, and the Choptank, Calvert, and St. Marys formations of Maryland. · Some 

of the specimens tend toward the variety clavatum. 

Elphidium sagrum (D'Orbigny) 

Plate 7, Figures 9a, b 

Polystomella sagra D'Orbigny , in De la Sagra , Histoire physique, 

politique et naturelle de l'ile de Cuba, Foraminiferes, p. 

55, pl. 6, figs. 19, 20, 1839. 

Cushman, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 103, p. 75, pl. 26, figs. 

5a, b, 1918; Carnegie Inst. Washington Pub. 291, p. 49, 

1919; U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 128, p. 71, pl. 11, 

figs. 20, 21, 1920. 

Polystomella lanieri Cushman (not D 'Orbigny), U. S. Geol. 

Survey Prof. Paper 128, p. 72, pl. 11, fig. 22, 1920. 

Elphidium sagrum Cushman, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 104, pt. 7, 

p. 24, pl. 9, figs. 5, 6, 1929; Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 4, 

p. 40, pl. 7, figs. 6a, b, 1930. 

Cushman and Ponton, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 9, p. 70, 

1932. 

Test of small size for the genus, periphery broadly 

rounded, margin entire, not lobulate, sides convex in 

peripheral view, the last-formed portion wider than the 

earlier portions, umbilical regions somewhat depressed; 

last-formed chambers slightly inflated, 12 to 15 in the 

last-formed coil; sutures usually not depressed, marked 

by the retral processes, which are continuous over the 

earlier portion of the test to form ridges slightly oblique 

to the periphery; wall fairly thick, perforate; aperture 

composed of a series of small, rounded openings at the 

base of the apertural face. Dian1eter 0.50 mm; 

thickness 0.30-0.35 n1m. 

The original specimens of this species caine from 

shore sands of Cuba, where they are described by 

D'Orbigny as rare. Although it never occurs in great 

nrunbers it is widely distributed in the general West 

Indian region. It is known from the Miocene of Cuba 

and Santo Domingo and occurs rarely in the Choctawhatchee formation of Walton County, Fla. We have 

a very few specimens frOin the two localities in the 

Duplin marl of North Carolina. 

. Elphidium advenum (Cushman) 

Plate 7, Figures lOa, b 

Polystomella subnodosa H. B. Brady (not Von Muenster), 

Challenger Rept., Zoology, vol. 9, p. 734, pl. 110, figs. 

la, b, 1884. 

Cushman, U. S. Geol. Survey Bull. 676, p. 70, pl. 27, figs. 

6a, b, 1918; Prof. Paper 128, p. 71; pl. 11, fig. 18, 1920. 

Polystomella advena Cushman, Carnegie Inst. Washington Pub. 

311, p. 56, pl. 9, figs. 11, 12, 1922; Pub. 342, p. 48, 1924; 

Pub. 344, p. 80, 1926. 

Elphidium advenum Cushman, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 104, pt. 7, 

p. 25, pl. 10, figs. 1, 2, 1929; Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 4, 

p. 40, pl. 7, figs. 7a, b, 1930. 

Cushman and Ponton, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 9, p. 70, 

pl. 11, figs la, b, 1932. 

Polystomella crispa Cushman (not Linne), U. S. Geol. Survey 

Bull. 676, p. 69, pl. 27, figs. 1, 4, 5, 1918; Prof. Paper 128, 

p. 71, pl. 11, fig. 19, 1920. 

Test of medium size for the genus, strongly compressed, periphery acute, with a narrow carina, often 

somewhat lobulate, sides nearly parallel in peripheral 

view, umbilical regions depressed, often with a small, 

central, clear boss; chambers distinct, 10 to 15 in the 

last-formed coil, slightly inflated, especially the later 

ones; sutures usually depressed and chamber wall between them raised; wall distinctly perforate; aperture 

composed of a few pores at the base of the apertural 

face. Diameter up to 0.50 mm or more; thickness 

0.15 mm. 

In the general West Indian region this species is 

widely distributed and fairly common as a Recent 

species. In the Miocene it occurs rather abundantly 

in the Choctawhatchee formation of Florida at nuinerous localities, but in our more northern Miocene material it is much less abundant, as would naturally be 

expected, this being a decidedly warm-water species. 

Speciinens·, however, occur at several stations in the 

Duplin marl of South Carolina. A very similar form 

occurs in the Pliocene of southern Florida. 

Family HETEROHELICIDAE 

Subfamily PLECTOFRONDICULARIINAE 

Genus PLECTOFRONDICULARIA Liebus, 1903 

Plectofrondicularia floridana Cushman 

Plate 7, Figure 11 

Plectojrondicularia jloridana Cushman, Florida Geol. Survey 

Bull. 4, p. 41, pl. 8, fig. 1, 1930. 

Cushman and Ponton, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 9, p. 7 4, 

pl. 11, fig. 8, 1932. 

Test elongate, tapering, greatest width toward the 

apertural end, strongly compressed, sides keeled, tricarinate, early portion of the flattened sides with a 

single median costa; chambers numerous, very distinct, increasing in height toward the apertural end; 

sutures very distinct, slightly depressed, each half 

somewhat· sigmoidally curved, slightly limbate; wall 

smooth except for the median costa; aperture elliptical, terminal. Length of holotype, 0.80 mn1; 

breadth 0.25 mm; thickness 0.08 mm. 
MIOCENE FORAMINIFERA OF COASTAL PLAIN OF EASTERN UNITED STATES 23 

This is a species known to occur in the Miocene only, 

in the Choctawhatchee formation of Florida, although 

it occurs there in considerable numbers. It is, as previously noted, related to P. californica Cushman and 

Stewart, which is very abundant in the Pliocene of 

California, but the Florida species is distinctive. No 

additional specimens were found to extend the distribution of this species northward. in the Miocene. 

Plectofrondicularia mansfieldi Cushman and Ponton 

Plate 7, Figures 12a, b 

Plectojrondicularia mansfieldi Cushman and Ponton, Contr. 

Cushman Lab. Foram. Research, vol. 7, p. 60, pl. 8, 

figs. 1 a, b, 1931; FJorida Geol. Survey Bull. 9, p. 74, 

pl. 11, figs. 7 a, b, 1932. 

Test very much cOinpressed, much elongated, very 

slightly tapering, the later portion with the sides nearly 

parallel, sides sharply truncate or slightly concave 

with distinct keels, giving a narrow rectangular shape 

in end view; chambers numerous, the earliest ones 

biserial, soon becoming uniserial and increasing rather 

rapidly in height toward the apertural end, somewhat 

inflated; sutures very distinct, slightly depressed, especially in the later portion, usually not distinctly limbate, convexly curved; wall mostly smooth, but the 

basal end with one or two very short costae, and in the 

adult the later chambers occasionally with fine costae; 

aperture not shown. Length up to 1.50 mm; maximum breath 0.25 mm; thickness 0.12 mm. 

Holotype (Cushman collection No. 15483) from the 

Miocene of old Frazier farm, NW. X SE. X sec. 18, 

T. 2 N., R. 19 S., Florida. It also occurs in the Shoal 

River formation of Florida. 

This species is a very distinct one from Plectojrondicularia fioridana in the sides, which in this species are 

distinctly tnmcate and concave, while in P. fioridana 

there is a distinct high median kee~ in addition to the 

two keels at each side. The sutures also in this species 

are much more curved, not limbate, and much compressed, all characters very distinct from those of P. 

floridana. The chambers also are much higher than 

those of P. fioridana. 

Family BULIMINIDAE 

Subfamily TURRILININAE 

Genus BULIMINELLA Cushman, 1911 

Buliminella elegantissima (D'Orbigny) 

Plate 7, Figures 13, 14 

Bulimina elegantissima D'Orbigny, Voyage dans 1' Amerique 

meridionale, vol. 5, No. 5, Foraminiferes, p. 51, pl. 7, 

figs. 13, 14, 1839. 

Schlumberger, Feuille des jeunes naturalistes, ann. 12, .p. 

8, pl. 1, fig. 14, 1882. 

H. B. Brady, Challenger Rept., Zoology, vol. 9, p. 402, pl. 

50, figs. 20-22, 1884. 

Sidebottom, Manchester Lit. Philos. Soc. Mem. and Proc., 

vol. 49, No. 5, p. 11, pl. 2, fig. 6, 1905. 

Buliminella elegantissima Cushman, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 71, 

pt. 2, p. 89, 1911; U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc., vol. 56, p. 606, 

1919; Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Research, vol. 1, 

p. 40, pl. 6, figs. 5a, b, 1925. 

Cushman and Kellett, U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc.,. vol. 75, art. 

25, p. 6, pl. 3, figs. 1-3, 1929. 

Cushman, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 4, p. 42, pl. 8, figs. 

2, 3, 1930. 

Cushman, Stewart, and Stewart, San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist. 

Trans., vol. 6, p. 64, pl. 4, figs. 7a, b, 1930. 

Cushman and Ponton, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 9, p. 75, 

1932. 

Test elongate, spiral, making about three volutions, 

initial end pointed, much more so in the microspheric 

form; chambers numerous, 7 to 10 in the last-formed 

whorl, narrow, slightly inflated; sutures distinct, 

slight.ly curved, very slightly depressed; wall smooth, 

finely perforate; aperture elongate, narrow, somewhat enlarged toward the middle of the apertural face. 

Length up to 0.40 mm; diameter 0.12-0.15 mm. 

This species is widely distributed in the Recent material, particularly that from both the east and west 

coasts of South America. It is very abundant in the 

Miocene Choctawhatchee formation of Florida, where 

it is also widely distribu~ed. It is also found in the 

Shoal River and Oak Grove but not in the Chipola. 

In our more northern material it has proved to be one 

of the most abundant species, occurring in the Duplin 

marl of North Carolina and at nearly all. the stations 

in the Yorktown formation in Virginia, but strangely 

it did not appear in any of the numerous collections 

from Maryland except at Chesapeake Beach. This 

would indicate that it had a somewhat southern range 

in the Miocene, as it does in the present oceans. 

There is a possibility from the records that this 

species may range into the upper Oligocene, but the 

general range in America is from the Miocene onward 

to the present seas. 

B'uliminella curta Cushman 

Plate 7, Figure 15 

Buliminella ·curta Cushman, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. 

Research, vol. 1, pt. 2, p. 33, pl. 5, fig. 13, 1925; Florida 

Geol. Survey Bull. 4, p. 43, pl. 8, fig. 4, 1930. 

R. E. and K. C. Stewart, Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists 

Bull., vol. 14, p. 1448, 1930. 

Cushman and Ponton, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 9, p. 75, 

1932. 

Test an elongate spiral, tapering or fusiform, initial 

end rounded, thence rapidly increasing in diameter 

until well toward the apertural end, periphery slightly 

lobulate, spiral suture well marked; chambers numerous, 5 or 6 making up a whorl in the adult, distinct, 

inflated; sutures distinct, slightly depressed; wall 

smooth, very finely perforate; aperture comma-shaped 

in a slightly concave depression of the last-formed 

chamber. Length up to 0.55 mm; diameter 0.20 mm. 

This species, originally described from the Monterey 

Miocene of California, occurs in the Choctawhatchee, 
24 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY, 1932-33 

Shoal River, and Oak Grove formations but not in the 

Chipola. The only material that we have had in our 

present collections occurs at a single station in the 

Duplin marl of North Carolina. 

Genus BULIMINA D'Orbigny, 1826 

Bulimina gracilis Cushman 

Plate 7, Figures 16a, b 

Bulimina gracilis Cushman, Florida GeoL Survey Bull. 4, p. 43, 

pl. 8, figs. 5a, b, 1930. 

Cushman and Ponton, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 9, p. 76, 

1932. 

Test elongate, slender, of nearly uniform diameter for 

most of its length., about 3~~ times as long as wide in 

the adult; chambers generally triserial, inflated; 

sutures distinct, depressed; wall smooth, polished; 

aperture elongate, narrow. Length 0.60 mm; diameter 0.18-0.20 mm. 

This unusual form of Bulimina, which tends to 

become somewhat biserial, was described from the 

Choctawhatchee formation of Walton County, Fla., 

where it is very abundant. It is interesting to note 

that the species occu:us rarely in our more northern 

collections but is rather widely distributed in North 

Carolina, in the St. Marys formation of Virginia, and 

in the Choptank and Calvert formations of Maryland. 

Bulimina infiata Seguenza 

Plate 8, Figures 1a, b 

Bulimina injlata Seguenza, Accad. gioenia sci. nat. Atti, 2d 

ser., vol. 18, p. 109, pl. 1, fig. 10, 1862. 

Cushman, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 4, p. 43, pl. 8, figs. 

6a, b, 1930. 

Cushman a nd P onton, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 9, p. 77, 

1932. [For further references to this species, see Cush~ 

man, U.S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 104, pt. 3, p. 93, pl. 21, fig. 1, 

1922.] 

Test short, broadest usually above the middle; 

sutures much depressed; chambers overhanging at the 

basal edge; upper portion of the test smooth, lower 

portion with distinct costae growing in thickness 

toward the basal margin and there ending in stout 

spines; apical end usually with a stout acicular spine; 

wall thick. Length 0.50 mm; breadth 0.25-0.30 mm. 

This is not a common species in the Miocene of the 

Coastal Plain region from Florida north. There are 

scattered specimens recorded from the Choctawhatchee 

formation of Florida, but we have not had any specimens in our material from the States to the north. 

It is possible that the specimens from Norfolk, Va., 

referred to as B. buchiana in United States Geologicai 

Survey Bulletin 676 may be a variant of this species. 

Genus VIRGULINA D'Orbigny, 1826 

Virgulina (Virgulinella) gunteri Cushman 

Plate 8, Figure 2-

Virgulina jloridana Cushman, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. 

Research, vol. 5, p. 54, pl. 9, figs. 7-10, 1929 (not V. 

jloridana Cushman, 1920). 

Virgulina gunteri Cushman, op. cit., p. 105; Florida Geol. 

Survey Bull. 4, p. 44, pl. 9, figs. 1, 2, 1930. 

Virgulina (Virgulinella) gunteri Cushman and Ponton, Florida 

Geol. Survey Bull. 9, p. 80, pl. 12, fig. 7, 1932. 

Test two or three times as long as broad, early 

portion triserial, later chambers irregularly biserial, 

sides in the adult nearly parallel, greatest width 

typically at or below the middle; later chambers not 

greatly inflated; sutures distinct, marked by a row 

of depressions between the processes that extend 

backward from the margins of the later-formed 

chamber; wall smooth, finely perforate; aperture 

elongate, narrow, extending from the inner margin 

of the chamber well toward the apex. Length up 

to 0.60 mm; breadth 0.20 mm; thickness 0.18 mm. 

This is a very abundant species in some parts of 

the Choctawhatchee formation of Florida. It is 

related to V. pertusa Reuss, known from the Miocene 

and Pliocene of western Europe, but the Florida 

species is much smaller and more slender, with the 

greatest width typically at or below the middle of 

the test and the later chambers not greatly inflated. 

It is closely related to the species next described. 

. Virgulina (Virgulinella) miocenica Cushman and Ponton 

Plate 8, Figures 3-6 

Virgulina miocenica Cushman and Ponton, Contr. Cushman 

Lab. Foram. Research, vol. 7, 1931, p. 32, pl. 4, figs. 14-16. 

Virgulina ( Virgulinella) miocenica Cushman and Ponton, 

Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 9, p. 81, pl. 12, fig. 9, 1932. 

Test elongate, slender, somewhat compressed, gradually tapering from the subacute initial end to the 

greatest breadth formed by the last two chambers, 

somewhat twisted; chambers numerous, distinct, inflated; sutures distinct, depressed, marked by numerous depressions, the sides of which extend backward to the preceding chamber in short distinct 

processes; wall except for the markings of the sutures 

smooth, very finely perforate; aperture very elongate, 

narrow, slightly curved, running from nearly the 

apex of the last-formed chamber to the inner rnargin. 

Length 0.75-0.90 mm; breadth 0.25-0.30 mm; 

thickness 0.20-0.25 mm. 

Holotype (Cushman collection No. 15481) from 

the Miocene Shoal River formation, Shell Bluff, Walton 

County, Fla. 

· The species Virgulina miocenica has occurred at the 

following localities: 

Shell Bluff on Shoal River about 5 miles north of Mossy 

Head, Walton County, Fla. Type locality of the Shoal River 

formation. 

Whites Creek about 8 miles south of Argyle, Walton County, 

Fla. Shoal River formation. 

Small branch flowing into Alaqua Creek, about a quarter 

of a mile west of Alaqua (formerly called Pleasant Ridge) 

about 4% miles southwest . of De · Funiak Springs, Walton 

County, Fla. Cardium bed, Shoal River formation. 

Vaughans Creek, about one-fourth mile below head, 7 miles 

south of De Funiak Springs, Walton County, Fla. Choctawhatchee (?) formation. 
MIOCENE FORAMINIFERA OF COASTAL PLAIN OF EASTERN UNITED STATES 25 

Yellow River at old mill about 100 yards below highway 

bridge on Laurel Hill-Oak Grove· road, about one-fourth mile 

south of Oak Grove. Type locality of Oak Grove sand. 

Tanners Mill (old Senterfeit Mill), 472 miles southwest of 

Laurel Hill, Walton County, Fla. Oak Grove sand. 

It also occurs in the Miocene Chop tank, St. Marys, 

and Calvert formations of Maryland. 

This species is abundant in the Shoal River and 

rare in the Oak Grove. It is very different in shape 

from V. gunteri, having its greatest width toward 

the apertural end but being much more slender and 

tapering as well as smaller than V. pertusa Reuss, ·of 

Europe. . 

Virgulina punctata D'Orbigny 

Plate 8, Figures 8a, b 

Virgulina punctata D'Orbigny, in De la Sagra, Histoire physique, 

politique et naturelle de l'ile de Cuba, Foraminiferes, p. 

139, pl. 1, figs. 35, 36, 1839. . . 

Cushman, Carnegie Inst. Washington Pub. 291, p. 35, 

1919; U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc., vol. 59, p. 52, pl. 11, fig. 

15, 1921; Carnegie Inst. Washington Pub. 311, p. 31 , 

pl. 3, fig. 9, 1922; U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 104, pt. 3, p. 

117, 1922; Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 4, p. 44, pl. 8, 

figs. 7a, b, 1930. 

Cushman and Ponton, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 9, p. 79, 

1932. 

Virgulina squamosa Cushman (not D'Orbigny), U. S. Nat. 

Mus. Bull. 103, p. 58, pl. 21, fig. 6, 1918. 

Test elongate, compressed, fusiform, broadest near 

the middle, initial end bluntly pointed; chambers 

numerous, ear!iest ones triserial, later ones biserial, 

inflated; sutures distinct, slightly depressed; wall 

smooth, punctate; aperture elongate. Length 0.60 

mm; breadth 0.20 mm; thickness 0.10 mm. 

This is not a common species in the Miocene of 

Florida and was represented in our collections from 

the Yorktown formation of Virginia at only one sta~ 

tion. It is, however, a common species in the general 

West Indian region at the present time and is kn,.own 

from the Miocene of the gorge of the Yumuri River, 

Matanzas, Cuba, and from the Miocene Gatun formation of the Canal Zone. 

Virgulina fusiformis Cushman 

Plate 8, Figures 7a, b 

Virgulina fusiformis Cushman, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 

4, p. 45, pl. 8, figs. 8a, b, 1930. 

Cushman and Ponton, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 9, p. 79, 

1932. 

Test small, somewhat compressed, fusiform, great· 

est breadth at about the middle, ends bluntly pointed; 

chambers distinct, earliest ones triserial, later ones 

biserial, inflated; sutures very slightly depressed ; 

wall smooth, very finely perforate; aperture ·elliptical, 

very small at the upper end of the test, reaching the · 

inner margin of the chamber. Length 0.30 mrn; 

breadth 0.12 mm; thickness 0.08 mm. 

This is a small but rather well characterized species 

that was described from the Choctawhatchee formation, where it occurs in the upper fossiliferous bed 

at ·Alum Bluff, on · the Apalachicola River, Liberty 

County, and also at Harveys Creek, Leon County, 

Fla. No further specin1ens of this species were found 

to the north. 

Genus BOLIVINA D'Orbigny, 1839 

Bolivina marginata Cushman 

Pia te 8, Figures 9a, b 

Bolivina marginata Cushman, U. S. Geol. Survey Bull. 676, 

p. 48, pl. 10, fig. 1, 1918; Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. 

Research, vol. 1, p. 30, pl. 5, figs. 5a, b, 1925; Florida 

Geol. Survey Bull. 4, p. 45, pl. 8, figs. 9a, b, 1930. 

Cushman and Parker, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. 

Research, vol. 7, p. 9, pl. 2, fig. 1, 1931. 

Cushman and Ponton, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 9, p. 81, 

1932. 

Test much compressed, of medium size for the genus, 

periphery acute, keeled throughout or sometimes obsolete at the apertural end; sutures usually distinctly 

lim bate, oblique; chambers numerous, djstinct, 7 or 8 

chambers making up the last half of the test, earlier 

ones long and narrow, later ones much higher; wall 

thin, rather coarsely perforate, surface smooth; aperture elongate, narrow. Length usually less than 1.00 

mm; breadth 0.25-0.30 mm; thickness 0.12-0.15 

mm. 

This species was originally described from the 

Choctawhatchee formation of Florida. It is fairly 

common at various stations in Walton Coun_ty and at 

one station in 1Bay County, as well as in the Shoal 

River, but is apparently absent from the Oak Grove 

and Chi pol a. Northward it has occurred only at one 

station in the Duplin marl of North Carolina. The 

species is fairly abundant in parts of the Monterey 

Miocene of Caljfornia. 

Bolivina marginata Cushman var. multicostata Cushman 

Plate 8, Figures lOa, b 

Bolivina aenariensis (Costa) var. multicostata Cushman, U. S. 

Geol. Survey Bull. 676, p. 48, pl. 10, fig. 2, 1918. 

Bolivina marginata Cushman var. multicostata Cushman, 

Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 4, p. 46, pl. 8, figs. 13, 14, 

1930. 

Cushman and Ponton, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 9, p. 82, 

1932. 

Variety differing from the typical form in the ornamentation of the test, which consists of a series of 

longitudinal costae of varying length. 

This variety usually occurs with the typical smooth 

form at the various stations in Florida from which the 

original was described. However, in the more northern 

collections the variety occurs without the typical form 

at stations in the Duplin marl of North Carolina, in 

the Yorktown formation of North Carolina and 

Virginia, and in the Calvert formation of Maryland. 
26 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY, 1932-33 

Bolivina floridana Cushman 

Plate 8, Figures lla, b 

Bolivina ftoridana Cushman, U. S. Geol. Survey Bull: 676, p. 49, 

p. 10, fig. 4, 1918. 

Nuttall, 'Geol. Soc. London Quart. Jour., vol. 84, p. 74, 

1928. 

Cushman, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Research, vol. 5, 

p. 93, 1929; Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 4, p. 46, p. 9, 

figs. 15a, b, 1930. 

Cushman and Parker, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Research, vol. 7, p. 9, pl. 2, figs. 2, 1931. 

Cushman and Ponton, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 9, p. 82, 

1932. 

Bolivina decussata Cushman (not H. B. Brady), Contr. Cushman 

Lab. Foram. Research, vol. 1, p. 31, pl. 5, figs. 6a, b, 

1925; vol. 2,· p. 54, 1926. 

Test elongate, slightly compressed, gradually tapering, with the greatest width near the apertural end, 

periphery broadly rounded; chambers numerous, somewhat inflated; sutures indistinct except near the 

apertural end; the base of each chamber prolonged into 

lobular processes across the sutures, the intermediate 

areas deeply excavated; wall coarsely perfor~te; aperture elongate. Length up to 0.70 mm; breadth 0.20-

0.25 mm; thickness 0.10-0.12 n1m. 

This species, which was originally described from the 

Choctawhatchee formation, is very abundant in that 

formation as it occurs in Walton County, Fla. It is 

recorded also from Bay County and from the Shoal 

River formation of Florida. We have not had it 

from the material we have studied to the north of 

Florida, b.ut it is a widely distributed Miocene species 

of this general region, as there are rec6rds for it from 

the Miocene of Trinidad, Venezuela, and California. 

Bolivina plicatella Cushman 

Plate 8, Figures 12a, b 

Bolivina plicatelta Cushman, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 4, 

p. 46, pl. 8, figs. lOa, b, 1930. 

Cole, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 6, p. 41, 1931. 

Cushman· and Ponton, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 9, p. 82, 

1932. 

Test small, short, and broad, compressed, greatest 

width near the apertural end, periphery subacute; 

chan1bers, except the last two, obscured by the ornamentation, which also obscures the sutures; wall 

ornamented by two distinct longitudinal ridges, 

rounded or sharp, connected between with transverse 

ridges, coinciding partially with the chambers, leaving 

the whole surface broken into series of irregular depressions, coarsely perforate; aperture elongate. Length 

0.25-0.30 mm; breadth 0.12-0.15 min; thickness 0.06-

0.08 mm. 

The only previous records for this species are those 

from the Choctawhatchee formation of Florida, where 

it occurs in Calhoun, Leon, and Liberty Counties, 

and from the Pliocene of Florida. Our material has 

added records from three stations in the Duplin marl 

of North Carolina, and it has occurred in the Calvert 

formation of Chesapeake Beach, Md. 

Bolivina pulchella D'Orbigny var. primitiva Cushman 

Plate 8, Figures 13 a, b 

Bolivina pulchella D'Orbigny var. primitiva Cushman, Florida 

Geol. Survey Bull. 4, p. 47, pl. 8, figs. 12 a, b, 1930. 

Cole, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 6, p. 41, pl. 2, fig. 10, 1931. 

Cushman and Ponton, F1orida Geol. Survey Bull. 9, p. 83, 

1932. 

Variety differing from the typical form in the few 

biserial chambers, averaging two to four, and the large 

number of triserial chambers, which make up half of 

the test; wall coamely perforate. Length of figured 

specimen 0.35 mm; breadth 0.20 mm; thickness 

0.10 mm. 

This variety occurs rarely in the Choctawhatchee 

formation of Liberty, Leon, and Washington Counties, 

Fla. It is closely related to the typical form, which is a 

characteristic species in shallow water in the present 

West Indian region. Cole records it from the Pliocene 

of Florida. 

Bolivina paula Cushman and Cahill 

Plate 8, Figures 14 a, b 

Bolivina paula Cushman and Cahill, in Cushman and Ponton, 

Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 9, p. 84, pl. 12, figs. 6a, b, 

1932. 

Test minute, much compressed, periphery subacute, 

sides for the most part nearly parallel, initial end 

tapering; chambers numerous, often 12 or more pairs 

in the adult test, increasing somewhat in height as 

added, some of the earliest ones being very low; sutures 

distinct, very slightly if at all depressed, slightly 

lim bate, rather strongly curved backward; wall smooth, 

finely perforate; aperture an elongate, somewhat 

comma-shaped opening in the median line of the 

apertural face. Length 0.30-0.35 mm; breadth 0.15 

mm; thickness .0.06-0.08 mm. 

Holotype (No. 371,736, U.S.N.M.) from the Yorktown formation, station 1/188, right bank of the York 

River 2 miles below Yorktown, V a. 

This is a very small, somewhat inconspicuous species, 

but keeps its characters very closely and is often very 

abundant in this more northern material. we have 

this species from numerous stations in the Duplin marl 

and Yorktown formation of North Carolina, in the 

Yorktown and St. Marys formations of Virginia, and 

in the Calvert formation of Chesapeake Beach, where 

it occurs in considerable numbers. It occurs also in 

the Miocene of Florida. 

Genus LOXOSTOMUM Ehrenberg, 1854 

Loxostomum gunteri Cushman 

Plate 8, Figures 15 a, b 

Loxostomum gunteri Cushman, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 4, p. 

47, pl. 8, figs. 11 a, b, 1930. 

Cushman and Ponton, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 9, p. 84, 

1932. 

Test elongate, tapering, greatest breadth near the 

apertural end, only slightly compressed, periphery 
MIOCENE FORAMINIFERA OF COASTAL PLAIN OF EASTERN UNITED STATES 27 

rounded; chan1bers and sutures somewhat ob.scured by 

the ornamentation of the surface, consisting of fine 

longitudinal costae, often somewhat broken; aperture 

narrow, elliptical, terminal in the adult. Length up to 

0.50 mm; breadth 0.20 mm; thickness 0.10-0.12 mm. 

This distinctive species was described from the 

Choctawhatchee formation of Walton County, Fla., 

where it is fairly common. Somewhat ·similar specimens occur In the Calvert formation at Chesapeake 

Beach, Md. 

Subfamily REUSSIINAE 

Genus REUSSIA Schwager, 1877 

Reussia spinulosa (Reuss) 

Plate 9, Figures 1 a, b 

Verneuilina spinulosa Reuss, Akad. Wiss. Wien Denkschr., vol. 

1, p. 374, pl. 47, fig. 12, 1850. [For further references to 

this species, see Cushman, U.S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 104, pt. 

3, p. 60, 1922.] 

Reussia spinulosa Schwager, Com. geol. ital. Boll., vol. 8, p. 26, 

pl., fig. 66, 1877. 

Cushman and Kellett, U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc., vol. 75, art. 

25, p. 9, pl. 3, figs. 10 a, b, 1929. 

Cushman, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 4, p. 48, pl. 8, figs. 

17 a, b, 1930. , 

Cushman and Ponton, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 9, p. 84, 

pl. 12, figs. 14-16, 1932. 

Test pyramidal, three-sided, triangular in transverse 

section, the sides flat or slightly concave, the :initial 

end acutely pointed; initial end and angles of chambers often with sharp spines; walls of medium thickness, hyaline, or in some specimens thickened and 

rough, perforate, smooth, or granular; apertural end 

of test bluntly angled, the edges of the chambers 

thickened; aperture a curved slit at the base of the 

inner edge of the chamber. Length up to 0.75 mm; 

diameter 0.40 mm. 

This is a very widely distributed species in the 

Miocene, and although specimens were not con1mon, 

there are numerous records for it in the Choctawhatchee and Oak Grove formations of Florida. The 

only specimen which we have that can be considered this 

species came from the Duplin marl of South Carolina. 

Genus CHRYSALIDINELLA Schubert, 1907 

Chrysalidinella pulchella (Cushman) 

Plate 9, Figures 2 a, b 

Chrysalidina pulchella Cushman, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 103, 

p. 54, pl. 20, figs. 2 a-c, 1918. 

Chrysalidinella pulchella Cushman, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 4, 

p. 48, pl. 8, figs. 16 a, b, 1930. 

Cushman and Ponton, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 9, p. 85, 

1932. 

Test elongate, gently tapering, broadest at the 

apical end, triangular in transverse section, early portion triserial, later uniserial; chambers distinct, not 

inflated; sutures distinct, slightly raised and limbate, 

curved; wall smooth but coarsely perforate; aperture 

formed of numerous rounded openings on the terminal 

face, each at the end of a small papilla. Length of 

figured specimen 0.40 mm; diameter 0.25 mm. 

There are but few record.s for this species-the · 

type locality, in the Miocene Gatun formation of the 

Canal Zone; two in the Choctawhatchee formation of 

Walton and Liberty Counties, Fla.; and a few in the 

Shoal River and Oak Grove of Florida. It seems to 

be absent from the Chipola. · 

Subfamily UVIGERININAE 

Genus UVIGERINA D'Orbigny, 1826 

Uvigerina ct U. pigmea D'Orbigny 

There are numerous rather closely costate specimens 

of the sort usually referred to this species, but not 

typical, well scattered over the Miocene of the general 

region from Florida to Mary land. 

Most·of the records for this species are of forms not 

like the typical form of D'Orbigny, which in its 

type locality is a very distinctive species. Later, in 

1846, in his Vienna Basin paper D'Orbigny figured 

a very different form under this name, and the characters have been extended by later authors to include 

many unrelated forms. 

Uvigerina auberiana D'Orbigny 

Plate 9, Figure 3 

Uvigerina auberiana D'Orbigny, in De la Sagra, Histoire 

physique, politique et naturelle de l'ile de Cuba, Foraminiferes, p. 106, pl. 2, figs. 23, 24, 1839. 

Cushman, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 104, pt. 4, p. 163, pl. 42, 

figs. 3, 4, 1923; Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 4, p. 49, 

pl. 9, fig. 7, 1930. 

Cushman and Ponton, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 9, p. 86, 

1932. 

Test elongate, rapidly tapering from the narrow 

base to the greatest breadth somewhat above the 

middle, periphery lobulate; chambers inflated; sutures 

depressed, distinct; wall ornamented with closely set, 

fine spinose projections, the last-formed chamber often 

smoother; apertural end in the adult tapering, with an 

elongate, cylindrical neck and phialine lip. Length 

up to 0.75 mm; diameter 0.30-0.40 mm. 

This species is rare in the Choctawhatchee formation 

of Walton County, Fla., and very rare in the Shoal 

River. We have not added any further records to 

this. As it is not in the present West Indian region, 

· from which it was originally described, it is evidently 

a rather rare species wherever found. It may be 

possible that the specimens referred· to U. canariensis 10 

may· be transferred to this species. 

10 Cushman, J. A., U.s. Gaol. Survey Bull. 676, pp. 54-55, pl. 12, fig. 2, 1918. 
28 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY, 1932-33 

Genus SIPHOGENERINA Schlumberger, 1883 

Siphogenerina lamellata Cushman 

Plate 9, Figure 4 

Siphogenerina lamellata Cushman, U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 676, 

p. 55, pl. 12, fig. 3, 1918; U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc., vol. 67, 

art. 25, p. 10, pl. 1, ·fig. 13, 1926; Florida Geol. Survey 

Bull. 4, p. 49, pl. 9, fig. 10, 1930. 

Cushman and Ponton, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 9, p. 86, 

1932. 

Test elongate, tapering gradually from the initial 

end, broadly rounded at the apertural end; chambers 

comparatively few, somewhat indistinct, surface ornamentation consisting of several equidistant, longitudinal 

lamellae extending the length of the test and fusing 

at the initial end; aperture with a tubular neck and 

phialine lip. Length up to 1.00 mm; diameter 0.45 

mm. 

This species was originally described from the 

Choctawhatchee formation 1 mile south of Red Bay, 

Walton County, Fla., where it is fairly common in 

that particular phase of the Miocene. We have had 

no material from the collections made to the north 

except from the Calvert formation of Chesapeake 

Beach, Md. 

Siphogenerina spinosa Bagg 

Plate 9, Figures 5, 6 

Siphogenerina spinosa Bagg, Maryland Geol. Survey, Miocene 

p. 480, pl. 133, fig. 11, 1904. 

Cushman, U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 676, p. 55, 1918. 

This peculiar and interesting species somewhat 

resembles S. raphanus Parker and Jones but differs 

in several particulars. The surface ridges in our 

specimen end in a series of projecting points, which at 

the distal end become definite spines, although these 

are short and stubby. Again there are arched cross 

ridges between these costae which, while they may not. 

indicate the internal structure of the chambers, serve 

to mark their location. The aperture ends in a neatly 

raised phialine everted lip with central, rounded orifice. 

The only record for Bagg's species is that from the 

Chop tank formation at Jones Wharf, Md. A copy of 

his description is given above. 

Siphogenerina advena Cushman 

Plate 9, Figures 7a, b 

Siphogenerina advena Cushman, Carnegie Inst. Washington 

· Pub. 311, p. 35, pl. 5, fig. 2, 1922; U.S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 

104, pt. 4, p. 173, pl. 42, fig. 15, 1923. 

There is a single specimen which is here figured · 

from the Duplin marl of South Carolina and which is 

referred to this species somewhat questionably. The 

early portion is irregularly triseria], foJlowed by a 

biserial stage, before the adult uniserial condition is 

taken on~ The whole test is compressed, and the 

aperture is terminal and elliptical. The surface Is 

somewhat roughened with longitudinal markings. 

Genus ANGULOGERINA Cushman, 1927 

~ngulogerina occidentalis (Cushman) 

Plate 9, Figures 8a, b 

Uvigerina angulosa Cushman (not Williamson), Carnegie Inst. 

Washington Pub. 311, p. 34, pl. 5, figs. 3, 4, 1922. 

Uvigerina occidentalis Cushman, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 104, 

pt. 4, p. 169, 1923. 

Angulogerina occidentalis Cushman, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 

4, p. 50, pl. 9, figs. 8, 9, 1930. 

Cushman and Ponton, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 9, p. 86, 

1932. 

Test minute, elongate, triangular in transverse 

section, the periphery somewhat lobulate; chambers 

distinct, those of the last-formed portion becoming 

more distinct and remote; sutures distinct and depressed; wall ornamented with longitudinal costae 

on all but the last-formed chambers in the adult; 

apertural end drawn out into a short, tubular neck and 

slight, phialine lip. Length usually less than 0.50 mm; 

diameter 0.15-0.20 mm. 

This species is common·in the West Indian region of 

the present ocean and is also fairly common in the 

Choctawhatchee formation of northwestern Florida. 

Our collections to the north show this species to be 

present in the Duplin marl of North Carolina and at 

several stations in the Yorktown formation of North 

Carolina and Virginia and the Calvert formation of 

Maryland. 

Family ELLIPSOIDINIDAE 

Genus ELLIPSOLAGENA A. Silvestri, 1923 

Ellipsolagena bidens Cushman 

Plate 9, Figures 9a, b 

Ellipsolagena bidens Cushman, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 4, 

p. 50, pl. 9, figs. 11a, b, 1930. 

Cushman and Ponton, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 9, p. 87, 

1932. 

Test slightly longer than broad, body of the test 

somewhat oval, apertural end produced but broadly 

rounded, basal end typically with two short, rounded 

projections near together in the median line, test in 

end view broadly elliptical; wall smooth; aperture an 

elongate slit, slightly more open on one side than the 

other. Length up to 0.28 mm.; breadth 0.18 mm.; 

thickness 0.15 mm. 

This small species occurs rather commonly in some 

parts of the Choctawhatchee formation of Florida, 

especially in Bay and Walton Counties, although it 

occurs rarely in Liberty County. We have not been 

able to add to these records except that from the 

Calvert formation of Chesapeake . Beach, Md. 
MIOCENE ·FORAMINIFERA OF COASTAL PLAIN OF EASTERN UNITED STATES 29 

Family ROTALIIDAE 

Subfamily SPIRILLININAE 

Genus SPIRILLINA Ehrenberg, 1841 

Spirillina orbicularis Bagg 

Plate 9, Figures lOa, b 

Spirill{na orbicularis Bagg, Bull. Am. Paleontology, vol. 2, 

No. 10, p. 33 (327), pl. 2 (22), figs. 2a-c, 1898. 

Cushman, U. S. Geol. Survey Bull. 676, p. 58, pl. 14, fig. 

1, 1918; Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 4, p. 51, pl. 9, figs. 

12a, b, 1930. 

Cushman and Ponton, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 9, p. 87, 

1932. 

Test planispirally coiled, the coils increasing in 

diameter as added, periphery broadly rounded, ventral 

side with rows of beads more or less following the 

coils,' dorsal side with a row of pits along the sutures; 

aperture arched, comparatively narrow. Diameter 

about 0.50 mm. 

Bagg's types of this species are from the Miocene 

Yorktown formation of Yorktown, Va. It is also 

recorded from the Miocene Duplin marl of Mayesville, 

S. C., and from the Choctawhatchee formation of 

Florida. We have added material from the Duplin 

marl of North Carolina. The species seems to · hold 

its characters very closely over this somewhat extended range. 

Genus PATELLINA Williamson, 1858 

Patellina advena Cushman 

Plate 9, Figures 11a, b 

We have two specimens from a single station from 

the Miocene of North Carolina, one of which is 

figured here and is referred to the common . West 

Indian species of this genus. The chambers are 

somewhat more divided than in P. corrugata. P. 

advena has been living in this general region since 

early Oligocene tirne, so far as the records show, and 

these two specimens are probably to be referred to it. 

Subfamily DISCORBISINAE 

Genus DISCORBIS Lamarck, 1804 

Discorbis floridana Cushman 

Plate 9, Figures 12, 13 

Discorbis ftoridana Cushman, Carnegie Inst. Washington Pub 

311, p. 39, pl. 5, figs. 11, 12, 1922; U. S. Nat. Mus. 

Bull. 104, pt. 8, p. 21, pl. 4, figs. 7, 8, 1931. 

Cushman and Ponton, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 9, p. 88, 

pl. 13, figs. 2a-c, 1932. 

Discorbis rosacea Cushman (not D'Orbigny), Florida Geol. 

Survey Bull. 4, p. 51, pl. 9, figs. 13a-c, 1930. 

Discorbis subaraucana Cushman, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 4, 

p. 52, pl. 10, figs. la-c (not Cushman, 1922), 1930. 

Test planoconvex, dorsal side convex, ventral side 

flattened or slightly concave; chambers numerous, but 

five forming the last adult whorl, much elongated in 

the adult; sutures very obliquely curved, in the early 

stages on the dorsal side slightly lim bate; wall smooth, 

. finely perforate; aperture ventral, elongate. Diameter 

up to 1.10 mm. 

This species is rather widely distributed in the 

Miocene of the eastern Coastal Plain of the United 

States, being known from the Choctawhatchee formation of Leon, Liberty, and Walton Counties, Fla., 

the Duplin .marl of North and South Carolina, the 

Yorktown and St. Marys formations of Virginia, and 

the Calvert formation of Maryland. 

There are published records for this species from 

as far back as the Jurassic, but a study of the figures. 

given leads us to suspect that the range 1s more 

probably from Miocene to Recent. 

Discorbis orbicularis (Terquem) 

Plate 10, Figures la-c 

Rosalina orbicularis Terquem, Animaux sur la plage de Dunkerque, p. 75, pl. 9, figs. 4a, b, 1876. 

Discorbis orbicularis Berthelin, Foraminiferes de Borgneuf et 

Pornichet, p. 39, No. 63, 1878. 

Cushman, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 71, pt. 5, p. 16, pl. 11, 

fig. 1, 1915; U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 100, vol. 4, p. 305, 

1921; Carnegie Inst. Washington Pub. 311, p. 38, pl. 5, 

fig. 10, 1922; U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 104, pt. 8, p. 27, 

pl. 6, figs. 3a-c, 1931. 

Cushman and Ponton, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 9, p. 89, 

pl. 13, figs. 6a~c, 1932. 

Discorbina orbicularis H. B. Brady, Challenger Rept., Zoology, 

vol. 9, p. 647, pl. 88, figs. 4-8, 1884. 

Discorbis mira Cushman, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 4, p. 52, 

pl. 10, figs. 2a-c, 1930. 

Test trochoid, planoconvex, dorsal side forming a 

low cone, ventral side flattened and very slightly convex, periphery sub'acute; chambers distinct, not inflated; sutures on the dorsal side limbate, strongly oblique, curved, ventrally somewhat depressed, nearly 

radial; wall coarsely perforate, smooth; aperture an 

elongate, slightly arched slit at the ventral margin. 

Diameter up to 0.65 mm. 

This is one of the most comri:wn species of the genus 

in the present waters of the West Indian region. It is 

a decidedly warm-water species so far as its present 

records show and occurs rarely in the Choctawhatchee 

formation of Leon and Liberty Counties, Fla., and the 

Calvert forn1ation of Chesapeake Beach, Md. 

Discorbis candeiana (D'Orbigny) 

Plate 10, Figures 3a-c 

Rosalina candeiana D'Orbigny, in De la Sagra, Histoire physique, politique et naturelle de l'lle de Cuba, Foraminiferes, p. 97, pl. 4, figs. 2-4, 1~39. 

Truncatulina candeiana Cushman, U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc., 

vol. 59, p. 57, pl. 13, figs. 4, 5, 1921; Carnegie lm;t. 

Washington Pub. 311, p. , 47, pl. 6, figs. 7-9, 1922; 

Pub. 344, p. 78, 1926. 

Discorbis candeiana Cushman, U.S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 104, pt. 8, 

p. 19, pl. 7, figs. 4a-c, 1931. 

Cushman and Ponton, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 9, p. 88, 

pl. 13, figs. 4a-c, 1932. 

Discorbis vilardeboana Cushman (not D'Orbigny), Florida 

Geol. Survey Bull. 4, p. 52, pl. 10, figs. 3a-c, 1930 . . 
30 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY, 1932-33 

Test planoconvex, dorsal side rather evenly convex, ventral side flattened or slightly concave, umbilicate, periphery rounded; chambers distinct, inflated, 

5 to 7 in the adult whorl, the last chamber occupying 

nearly one-third of the ventral side; sutures distinct, 

slightly curved, only slightly depressed; wall distinctly 

perforate, smooth; aperture a narrow slit on the ventral 

side of the chamber. Diameter up to 0.50 mm. 

Specimens have already been recorded from the 

Choctawhatchee formation of Florida from Calhoun, 

Leon, and Liberty Counties. We also have it from 

the Duplin marl of North and South Carolina and from 

all the stations in the Yorktown and St. Marys formations of Virginia. 

There are Cretaceous records for this species, but 

the figures given show forms that do not appear to be 

identical with the later Tertiary and Recent material. 

Discorbis consobrina (D'Orbigny) 

Plate 10, Figures 4a-c 

Rosalina consobrina D'Orbigny, Voyage dans 1' Amerique m eridionale, vol. 5, pt. 5, Foraminiferes, p. 46, pl. 7, figs. 4-6, 

1839. 

Discorbis consobrina Cushman and Kellett, U. S. Nat. Mus. 

Proc., vol. 75, art. 25, p. 10, pl. 4, figs. 1, 2, 1929; pl. 10, 

figs. 4a-c, 1930. Cushman, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 4, 

p. 53. 

Cushman and Ponton, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 9, p. 88, 

pl. 13, figs. 3a-c, 1932. 

Test biconvex, the dorsal side more strongly so, 

ventral side depressed in the umbilical region, periphery rounded; chambers 5 to 7 in the last-formed whorl, 

distinct, regularly increasing in size as added, slightly 

inflated, on the ventral side ending in distinct angles 

at the umbilical end; sutures distinct, on the dorsal 

side oblique, very slightly curved, very little if at all 

depressed, on the ventral side slightly curved, nearly 

radial, depressed; wall smooth, distinctly perforate; 

aperture below the distinct lip on the ventral side of 

the chamber and extending into the umbilical region. 

Diameter 0.30 mm; height, 0.22 ;mm. 

Our studies of the Miocene north of Florida have not 

added any records to those of the previous report from 

Florida except that from the Calvert formation of 

Chesapeake Beach, Md. Those records included its 

occurrence in typical form in the Choctawhatchee formation in Calhoun, Leon, and Liberty Counties, Fla. 

Discorbis valvulata (D'Orbigny) 

Plate 10, Figures 2, 5 

Rosalina valvulata D'Orbigny, Annales sci. nat., vol. 7, p. 271, 

No. 4,_ 1826; in Barker-Webb and Berthelot, Histoire 

naturelle des lies Canaries, vol. 2, pt. 2, Foraminiferes, 

p. 136, pl. 2, figs. 19-21, 1839; in De la Sagra, Histoire 

physique, politique et naturelle de l'He de Cuba. Foraminiferes, p. 96, pl. 3, figs. 21-23, 1839. 

Discorbis valvulata Cushman, U. S. Nat. Mus.· Proc., vol. 59, 

pl. 14, figs. 4, 5, 1921; Carnegie lust. Washington Pub. 

344, p. 78, 1926; Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 4, p. 53, pl. 10, 

figs 5a-c, 1930. 

Cushman and Ponton, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 9, 

p. 90, 1932. 

Test trochoid, planoconvex, very slightly convex 

dorsally, on the ventral side flattened or slightly concave, periphery rounded and thickened into a blunt 

keel; chambers distinct, few, about five making up 

the adult whorl; sutures curved strongly on the dorsal 

side, limbate but not depressed, ventrally sinuous, not 

limbate; wall coarsely perforate, smooth; aperture low, 

at the base of the last-formed chamber. Length about 

0.50 mm; breadth 0.45 mm; thickness 0.12-Q.15 mm. 

This is a rare species in the present West Indian 

waters. Rare specimens are recorded from various 

parts of the Miocene section of Florida. We have 

specimens from single stations in the Yorktown formation of North Carolina, from the St. Marys formation 

of Virginia, and from the Calvert formation of Maryland. 

Discorbis turrita Cushman 

Plate 10, Figures 6a-c 

Discorbis turrita Cushman, U. S. Geol. Survey Bull. 676, p. 59, 

pl. 14, fig. 2, 1918. 

A reference to the type slide of this species shows 

that the specimen is missing. No further specimens 

of it are available from the collections we have studied 

from the Yorktown formation of Virginia, from which 

the types came. 

Genus VALVULINERIA Cushman, 1926 

Valvulineria floridana Cushman 

Plate 10, Figures 7a-c 

V alvulineria floridana Cushman, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 4, 

p. 54, pl. 10, figs. 6a-c, 1930. 

Cushman and Ponton, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 9, p. 91, 

1932. 

Test biconvex, somewhat involute on the dorsal 

side, almost completely so on the ventral side; periphery rounded, earlier portion somewhat angled; 

chambers inflated, especially on the ventral side, very 

distinct; sutures distinct, nearly radial, only slightly 

curved, not limbate; wall smooth, polished; aperture 

below the distinct, platelike extension of the umbilical 

end of the chamber. Length 0.45 mm; breadth 0.35 

mm; thickness 0.15 mm. 

This species, originally described from the Choctawhatchee formation of Florida, occurs at the type 

locality Econfina, Bay County, and also at various 

localities in Walton County. It also occurs in the 

Shoal River and Chipola but not in the Oak Grove. 

It is interesting to note that in our studies of this supplementary material we have the species from the 

Yorktown and St. Marys formations of Virginia and 
MIOCENE FORAMINIFERA OF COASTAL PLAIN OF EASTERN UNITED STATES 31 

the Choptank, Calvert, and St. Marys formations of 

Maryland. This seems to be a well-characterized 

species and evidently is widely distributed In the 

Miocene. 

Subfamily ROTALIINAE 

Genus EPONIDES Montfort, 1808 

Eponides mansfieldi Cushman 

Plate 10, Figures 8a-c 

Eponides mansfieldi Cushman, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 4, 

p. 54, pl. 11, figs. la-c, 1930. 

Cushman and Parker, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. 

Research, vol. 7, p. 12, pl. 2, figs. lOa-c, 1931. 

Cushman and Ponton, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 9, p. 92, 

1932. 

Rotalia beccarii Cushman (not Linne). 

Pulvinulina repanda Cushman (not Fichtel and Moll). 

Test trochoid, biconvex, close-coiled throughout, all 

chambers visible from the dorsal side, last whorl completely involute ventrally, periphery acute, bluntly 

keeled; chambers distinct, slightly inflated on the 

ventral side, about nine in the adult whorl; sutures 

distinct, on the dorsal side limbate and usually raised, 

confluent with the keel ·and spiral suture, oblique, 

ventrally depressed, nearly radial; wall on the ventral 

side strongly papillate, especially in the middle umbonate area and along the sutures, in some specimens with 

papillae entirely covering the ventral side; aperture 

ventral, between the periphery and ventral umbo at 

the base of the chamber. Diameter up to 0.75 mm; 

thickness 0.25 mm. 

This species, recently described from the Choctawhatchee forn1ation of _Florida, where it is one of the 

most abundant and characteristic species of that for- -

mation, has proved to be widely distributed in the 

Miocene. It occurs in the Shoal River but not in the 

Oak Grove and Chipola formations of Florida. It has 

already been _ recorded from California in the Miocene 

of San Joaquin Valley. In our material it has occurred 

at nearly all the stations studied, including the Duplin 

marl of North and South Carolina, the Yorktown and 

St. Marys formations of Virginia, and the Choptank 

and St. Marys formations of Maryland. This species 

is subject to some variation, especially in the amount of 

roughness on the ventral side of the test, but the 

general characters remain very definite. 

Eponides lateralis (Terquem) 

Plate 11, Figures la-c 

Rosalina lateralis Terquem, Soc. geol. France Mem., 1st ser., 

vol. 4, p. 25, pl. 2 (7), figs. lla-c, 1878. 

Pulvinulina lateralis H. B. Brady, Challenger Rept., Zoology, 

vol. 9, p. 689, pl. 106. figs. 2, 3, 1884. 

Cushman, Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. Proc., vol. 34, p. 30, 

pl. 5, figs. 11, 12, 1908. 

Sidebottom, Manchester Lit. Philos. Soc. Mem. and Proc., 

val. 53, No. 21, p. 5, pl. 2, fig. 6; pl. 3, figs. 1, 2, 1909. 

Heron-Allen and Earland, Zool. Soc. London Trans., val. 

20, p. 714, pl. 53, figs. 6--11, 1914. 

Cushman, U.S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 100, vol. 4, p. 336, pl. 69, 

figs. 2a-c, 1921. 

136785°-33--3 

Eponides lateralis Cushman, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 4, p. 

55, pl. 10, figs. 7a-c, 1930. 

Cushman and Ponton, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 9, p. 92, · 

pl. 13, figs. 8a- c, 1932. 

Test usually somewhat ovate, biconvex, periphery 

subacute and keeled; chambers distinct, later ones 

rapidly enlarging and flaring, inflated somewhat on the 

ventral side; sutures limbate dorsally, oblique, raised, 

ventrally depressed, nearly radial; wall smooth except 

for the raised sutures and on the ventral side the lastformed chamber with numerous large perforations; 

aperture at the base of the ventral edge~ of the chamber, low. Length up to 1..50 mm. 

This species, already recorded from the Choctawhatchee formation of Florida from Liberty and 

Washington Counties, has occurr.ed in our material 

from the Yorktown and St. Marys formations of Virginia, but not in the material from the other States. 

Genus ROTALIA Lamarck, 1804 

Rotalia beccarii (Linne) var. parkinsoniana (D'Orbigny) 

Plate 11, Figures 3a-c 

Rosalina parkinsoniana D'Orbigny,_ in De la Sagra, Histoire 

physique, politique et naturelle de l'ile de Cuba, Foraminiferes, p·. 99, pl. 4, figs. 25-27, 1839. 

Rotalia beccarii (Linne) var. parkinsoniana Cushman, Florida 

Geol. Survey Bull. 4, p. 56, pl. 11, figs. 3a-c, 1930. 

Cushman and Cole, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Research, vol. 6, p. 100, pl. 13, figs. 14a-c, 1930. 

Cushman and Ponton, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 9, p. 93, 

1932. 

Variety differing from the typical in the number of 

chambers (which, in the variety, rarely are morethan 

10 in full-grown specimens in the adult whorl), th~ 

shorter, broader chambers on the ventral side, . the 

·almost entire lack of beading at the sides of the chambers, and the lack of thickening of the sutures on the 

dorsal side. Diameter not exceeding 0.50 mill. 

D'Orbigny originally described this species from the 

shore sands of the West Indies. Its occurrence in the 

Choctawhatchee formation of Florida is peculiar, for 

it is present in the material from Calhoun, Leon, and 

Liberty Counties but is lacking in the collections from 

Walton and Bay Counties. The specimens from 

these last-named counties represent material from 

somewhat deeper water, and it is probably due to the 

fact that this v·ariety lives in shallow water that its 

absence from these counties has been noted. It occurs 

in material probably deposited in shallower water in 

the Shoal River, Oak Grove, and Chipola formations 

of Florida. Our specimens, which are numerous, are 

all from the Duplin marl of North and South Carolina 

and the Yorktown formation of North Carolina, no 

specimens having occurred in the Virginia and Maryland material. This is probably due to the fact that 

the variety in its typical form is characteristic of warm 

waters. It has been recorded from the Pleistocene of 

Maryland, but in a phase of that formation, which 

varies greatly in its temperature relations, these specimens probably coming from a warm zone. 
32 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY, 1932-33 

Rotalia bassleri Cushman and Cahill, n. sp. -

Pia te 11, Figures 2a-c 

Test trochoid, planoconvex, dorsal side distinctly 

convex, ventral side flat or very slightly convex with a 

distinct large plug in the umbilicate region, periphery 

acute, very slightly keeled; chambers distinct, usually 

about seven in the adult whorl, of nearly uniform 

shape, increasing slightly in size as added, inflated on 

the ventral side slightly, with a slightly irregular lobe, 

but on the dorsal side flush with the surface; sutures 

distinct, slightly limbate on the dorsal side, on the 

ventral side curved, the inner end often with a slight 

lobe; waH smooth, finely perforate; aperture a low 

elongate opening, at the base of the last-formed 

chamber on the ventral side. Diameter 0.40 mm; 

height 0.15 mm. 

Holotype (No. 372854, U.S.N.M.) from the Calvert 

formation, Chesapeake Beach, Md. 

This spe~ies is abundant at Chesapeake Beach, 

where it occurs almost throughout the section in the 

material collected by Dr. R. S. Bassler, of the United 

States National Museum, for whom the species is 

named. It is a rather small but very distinct species 

and holds its characters very definitely. 

Subfamily BAGGININAE 

Genus CANCRIS Montfort, 1808 

Cancris sagra (D'Orbigny) 

Plate 11, Figures 4, 5 

Rotalina sagra D'Orbigny, in De la Sagra, Histoire physique, 

politique et naturelle de l'ile de Cuba, Foraminiferes, 

p. 77, pl. 5, figs. 13-15, 1839. 

Pulvinulina sagra Cushman, U. S. Geol. Survey Bull. 676,_ p. 65, 

pl. 22, fig. 3; pl. 23, fig. 1, 1918. 

Cancris sagra Cushman, Fiorida Geol. Survey Bull. 4, p. 56, 

pl. 11, figs. 4a-c, 1930. 

Cushman and Ponton, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 9, p. 94, 

pl. 14, ·figs. 13a- c, 1932. 

Test longer than broad, biconvex, the ventral side 

more strongly convex than the dorsal, periphery acute; 

chambers few, 6 to 7 in the adult whorl, increasing 

rapidly in size. as added; sutures slightly depressed on 

the dorsal side, strongly on the ventral, gently curved; 

wall smooth; an elliptical area of clearer, thinner wall 

near the aperture, which is below a slight lip on the 

ventral side. Length up to 0.75 mm; breadth 

0.55-Q.70 mm; thickness 0.20-0.30 nilll. 

This species was originally described by D'Orbigny 

from shore sa.nds in the West Indies, where it is fairly 

common. It is best developed in water of some 

depth and therefore is very abundant and well developed in _Walton County, Fla., in the Choctawhatchee 

forn1ation, and sornewhat less so in Bay; Calhoun, 

and Liberty Counties. The species also occurs in the 

Shoal River formation but is absent from the Oak 

Grove and Chipola of Florida. It is found in our later 

material from the Miocene of North Carolina and from 

the Yorktown formation of Virginia, where it occurred 

at several stations. It is a variable species in its general form, owing to the relative difference in the amount 

of expansion of some of the later chambers. 

Family AMPHISTEGINIDAE 

Genus AMPHISTEGINA D'Orbigny, 1826 

Amphistegina lessonii D'Orbigny 

Plate 11, Figures 6a-c 

Amphistegina lessonii D'Orbigny, Annales sci. nat., vol. 7, 

p. 304, No. 3, pl. 17, figs. 1-4, 1826; Modeles, No. 98. 

Cushman, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 4, p. 57, pl. 11, 

figs. 5a-c, 1930. 

Cushman and Jarvis, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 4, p. 365, 

1930. 

Cushman and Ponton, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 9, p. 95, 

pl. 14, figs. 5a-c, 1932. [For further references to this 

species, see Cushman, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 71, pt. 4, 

p. 35, 1914.] 

Test lenticular or more convex on one side than the 

other, periphery subacute; chambers numerous, fairly 

distinct, on the dorsal side simple, with a decided angle 

forward, on the ventral side with supplementary lobes 

on the inner end; sutures distinct, lim bate, not 

depressed; wall smooth except near the aperture on 

the ventral side, where it is often papillate; aperture 

small, ventral. . 

This species, which is characteristic of warm shallow 

water of the Tropics, is ab1mdant in the Choctawhatchee formation of Washington .. County and less 

_so in Leon County, Fla. These two portions of the 

Miocene represent warm, shallow water conditions, 

which are favorable for this species. It is present in 

· our material also from the Duplin marl of North and 

South Carolina, but was not found farther north. It 

is abundant in the Miocene Bowden marl of Jamaica 

and occurs in the Oak Grove sand and Chipola formation of Florida. There are records also for the species 

in the Miocene of Santo Domingo and Trinidad and 

in the Oligocene of the Canal Zone. 

Family CASSIDULINID~E 

Subfamily CERATOBULIMININAE 

Genus PULVINULINELLA Cushman, 1926 

Pulvinulinella pontoni Cushman 

Plate 12, Figures la-c 

Pulvinulinella pontoni Cushman, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 4, 

p. 57, pl. 11, figs. 2a-c, 1930. 

Cushman and Ponton, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 9, p. 97, 

1932. - · 

Test small, trochoid, .bicon.vex, periphery rounded, 

very slightly if at all lobulate; chambers distinct, 

usually 8 or 9 in the last-formed whorl, not inflated; 

sutures distinct, on the dorsal side oblique, slightly 

limbate, ventrally radial; wall smooth; apertural face 

obliquely truncate, aperture narrow, parallel to the 

periphery of the test. Diameter 0.20 mm; thickness 

0.08 mm. 
MIOCENE FORAMINIFERA OF COASTAL PLAIN OF EASTERN UNITED STATES 33 

This small but distinctive species, recently described 

from the Choctawhatchee formation of Florida, has 

been found also in the Miocene of North Carolina. 

It also occurs in the Shoal River formation of Florida 

but is lacking in the Oak Grove and Chipola. Up to 

the present time these records represent the entire 

known distribution of the species, but on account of 

its small size it is easily overlooked, and it may later 

be found to have a much wider distribution in the 

American Miocene. 

Subfamily CASSIDULININAE 

Genus CASSIDULINA D'Orbigny, 1826 

Cassidulina crassa D'Orbigny 

Plate 12, Figures 2a-c 

Cassidulina crassa D'Orbigny, Voyage dans I' Amerique meridionale, Foraminiferes, p. 56, pl. 7, figs. 18-20, 183H. 

Cushman, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Research, vol. 5, 

p. 100, pl. 14, figs. lOa, b, 1929; Florida Geol. Survey 

Bull. 4, p. 58, pl. 11, figs. 6a, b, 1930. 

Cushman and Ponton, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 9, p. 97, 

1932. [For further references to this species, see Cushman, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 104, pt. 3, p. 124, 1922.] 

Test subcircular to oval in outline, biconvex, periphery broadly rounded; chambers comparatively few, 

short and inflated; sutures distinct, somewhat depressed; wall smooth; aperture elongate, with a 

flattened tooth partly filling the aperture. Diameter 

0.25 Inm; thickness 0.18 mm. 

This species has already been recorded from the 

Choctawhatchee formation of Florida, from Calhoun, 

Liberty, and Walton Counties. Our material has 

given specimens from the Duplin marl and Yorktown 

formation of North Carolina, the Yorktown fonnation 

of Virginia, and the Calvert forn1ation of Maryland. 

It is also recorded from the Miocene of Venezuela and 

is undoubtedly widely distributed in the late Tertiary 

of America and elsewhere. 

Cassidulina laevigata D'Orbigny var. carinata Cushman 

Plate 12, Figures 3a-c 

Cassidulina laevigata D'Orbigny var. carinata Cushman, U. S. 

Nat. Mus. Bull. 104, pt. 3, p. 124, pl. 25, figs. 6, 7, 1922; 

Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 4, p. 58, pl. 11, figs. 7.a, b, 

1930. 

Cushman and Parker, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. 

Resea'rch, vol. 7, p. 14, pl. 2, figs. 14a, b, 1931. 

Cushman and Ponton, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 9, p. 97, 

1932. 

Variety differing from the typical form in the 

thinner, more compressed test, with a very distinct, 

·thin carina forming the periphery of the test. 

This variety is still living off the coast of Florida and 

is already known from the Miocene Choctawhatchee 

of Calhoun, Liberty, and Walton Counties, Fla., and 

from the Shoal River formation but is lacking in the 

Oak Grove and Chipola of Florida. It has recently 

been recorded from the Miocene of California. Our 

ma-terial has shown it to be present in the Yorktown 

formation of North Carolina and Virginia. 

Genus CASSIDULINOIDES Cushman, 1927 

Cassidulinoides bradyi (Nor man) 

Plate 12, Figures 4a, b 

Cassidulina bradyi (Norman MS.) J. Wright, Belfast Nat. 

Field Club Proc., 1880, Appendix, p. 152. [For further 

references to this species, see Cushman, U. S. Nat. Mus. 

Bull. 104, pt. 3, p. 128, 1922.] 

Cassidulinoides biadyi Cushman, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 4, 

p. 58, pl. 11, figs. 8a, b, 1930. 

Cushman and Ponton, Florida ·Geol. Survey Bull. 9, p. 98, 

1932. 

Test elongate, somewhat compressed, the early portion spirally coiled, later chambers forining an uncoiled, 

biseri::tl series, lateral faces convex, peripheral border 

thin, usually somewhat rounded; chambers fairly 

distinct, but the sutures not depressed; wall smooth 

and polished; aperture somewhat longer than broad. 

Length less than 0.50 mm. 

The only Miocene records for this species are from 

the Choctawhatchee and Shoal River formations of 

Florida. It does not occur in the Oak Grove or 

Chipola formation, as it is a species of deeper waters 

than those in which they were deposited. 

Family CHILOSTOMELLIDAE 

Subfamily CHILOSTOMELLIN AE 

Genus CHILOSTOMELLA Reuss, 1850 

Chilostomella oolina Schwl:'ger 

Chilostomella oolina Schwager, Com. geol. ital. Boll., vol. 9, 

p. 527, pl. 1, fig. 16, 1878. 

Cushman, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Research, vol. 1, 

pt. 4, p. 74, pl. 11, figs. 3-10, 1926; Scripps Ihst. Oceanography Bull., Tech. ser., vol. 1, p. 169, 1927; Florida 

Geol. Survey Bull. 4, p. 59, 1930. . 

Cushman and Moyer, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. 

Research, vol. 6, p. 61, pl. 8, fig. 15, 1930. 

Cushman and Ponton, Florida GeoL Survey Bull. 9, p. 98, 

1932. 

Test elongate, about three times as long as wide, 

both ends broadly rounded, sides nearly parallel for 

most of their length; wall thin, distinctly punctate; 

aperture very narrow, curved. 

The only Miocene record for the east coast of the 

United States is that from the Choctawhatchee formation of Florida, where the single broken specimen is 

recorded from Econfina, Bay County. It occurs in the 

Pliocene of California and is living off that coast. It 

is a widely distributed species in the present oceans. 

Family GLOBIGERINIDAE 

Subfamily GLOBIGERININAE 

Genus GLOBIGERINA D'Orbigny, 1826 

There are numerous specimens which belong to this 

and allied genera of this family. Owing to the present 

unsatisfactory state of the limits for these species in 

this genus it has not seemed best to include the 

member of this family until more work can be done 

upon th!em. · 
34 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY, 1932-33 

Family GLOBOROTALIIDAE 

Genus GLOBOROTALIA Cushman, 1927 

Globorotalia menardii (D 'Orbigny) 

Plate 12, Figures 5a-c 

Rotalia menardii D'Orbigny, Annales sci. nat., vol. 7, p. 273; 

Modeles, No. 10, 1826. 

Pulvimllina menardii Owen, Linnean Soc. Jour., Zoology, vol. 

9, p. 148, pl. 5, fig. 6, 1867. [For further reference~ to 

this species, see Cushman, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 71 , 

pt. 5, p. 54, 1915.] 

Globorotalia menardii Cushman, Scripps Inst. Oceanography 

Bull., Tech. ser., vol. 1, p. 175, 1927; Florida Geol. 

Survey Bull. 4, p . 60, pl. 12, figs. la-c, 1930. 

Cole and Ponton, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 5, p. 45, 

pl. 11, figs. 4, 5, 1930. 

Cushman and Ponton, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 9, p. 99, 

1932. 

Test typically planoconvex, dorsal side slightly 

convex, ventral side less so or often somewhat concave, 

umbilicate; peripheral margin thin, slightly lobulated, 

carinate; chambers 5 or 6 in the adult whorl, slightly 

inflated ventrally; sutures lim bate above, .curved 

below, depressed, radial; wall smooth except granular 

about the aperture, which is ventral. Diameter of 

fossil specimens usually less than 0.50 nun. 

We have been able to make no additions from our 

Miocene material. It was previously recorded from 

the Miocene of Lancaster County, Va., 11 but a further 

examination of that material shows that it probably 

does not belong to this species. The other Miocen~ 

localities are in the Choctawhatchee forma,tion of Bay, 

Calhoun, and Liberty Counties, Fla., and in the Shoal 

River formation, but it is absent from the Oak Grove 

and Chipola. Cole and Ponton have recently recorded 

the species from . the lower Oligocene Marianna limestone of Florida. 

The single Cretaceous record for this species is 

without a figure and may easily represent G. membranacea, a Cretaceous species easily mistaken for the 

Tertiary and Recent one. 

Family ANOMALINIDAE 

Subfamily ANOMALININAE 

Genus PLANULINA D'Orbigny, 1826 

Planulina depressa (D'Orbigny) 

Plate 12, Figures 6a-c 

Truncatulina depressa D'Orbigny, Voyage dans 1' Amerique 

meridionale, vol. 5, pt. 5, Foraminiferes, p. 39, pl. 6, 

figs. 4-6, 1839. 

Planulina depressa Cushman, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 4, 

p. 60, pl. 12, figs. 2a-c, 1930. 

Cushman and Ponton, Florjda Geol. Survey Bull. 9, p. 100, 

1932. 

T~st much·e.ompressed, not completely involute in 

the adult, earlier chambers showing on 'both sides of 

the test, periphery subacute; chambers numerous, 

1ater ones often somewhat irregular, 8 to 10 chambers 

in the final whorl; sutures· distinct, somewhat lim bate 

u Cushman, J. A., U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 676, p. 65, pl. 22, fig. 1, 1918. 

on the dorsal side, confluent with the keeled edge, on 

the ventral side depressed; wall very coarsely perforate; aperture at the peripheral margin. Diameter 

0.60-0.75 mm; thickness 0.1o-0.15 mm. 

• This species, originally described by D'Orbigny from 

the coast of South America, seems to be widely distributed and common in the Miocene of the southeastern United States. Specimens have already been 

recorded from the Choctawhatchee formation of Bay, 

Calhoun, Liberty, Walton, and Washington Counties, 

Fla. In addition we have material from the Duplin 

marl and Yorktown formation of North Carolina, the 

Yorktown formation of Virginia, and the Choptank 

formation of Maryland, thus giving this species a 

rather wide distribution in this area. 

Subfamily CIBICIDINAE 

Genus CIBICIDES Montfort, 1808 

Cibicides floridanus (Cushman) 

Plate 13, Figures la-c 

1 Truncatulina jloridana Cushman, U. S. Geol. Survey Bull. 676, 

p. 62, pl. i9, fig. 2, 1918. 

Truncatulina lobatula (Walker and Jacob) var. ornata Cushman, 

op. cit., p. 61, pl. i8, figs. 1, 2. 

Cibicides jloridanus Cushman, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 4, 

p. 61, pl. 12, figs. 3a-c, 1930. 

Cushman and Parker, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. 

Research, vol. 7, p. 16, pl. 3, figs. 2a-c, 1931. 

Cushrrian and Ponton, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 9, p. 100, 

1932. 

Test trochoid, biconvex, dorsal side less convex than 

the ventral, periphery acute, keeled; chambers numerous, 10 to 12 in the adult whorl; sutures distinct, 

lim bate and raised on the ventral side, fused at · the 

center into · an urnbonal mass; wall co~rsely perforate; 

aperture extending along the dorsal side of the chamber 

margin. Diameter up to 0. 7 5 mm. 

This species was originally described in 1918 from 

the Choctawhatchee formation of Florida. It is 

probably widely distributed, as it occurs in the Miocene Temblor formation of San Joaquin Valley, 

-Calif., and at other localities in that State. We have 

additional ~pecimens from the Duplin marl of North 

and South Carolina and from the Yorktown formation 

of North Carolina and Virginia. As already noted in 

the Florida paper: the two forms given in the.synonymy 

above may perhaps represent megalospheric and 

microspheric forms of a single species. 

Cibicides americanus (Cushman) 

Plate 13, Figures 2a-c 

Truncatulina americana Cushman, U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 676, 

p. 63, pl. 20, figs. 2, 3; pl. 21, fig. 1, 1918. 

Cibicides american us Cole and Gillespie, Bull. Am. Paleontology, 

vol. 15, No. 57b, p. 14, pl. 4, fig. 4, 1930. 

Cushman, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 4, p. 61, pl. 12, figs. 

5a-c, 1930. 

Cole and Ponton, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 5, p. 48, pl. 7, 

figs. 5, 6, 1930. 

Cushman and Parker, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. 

Research, vol. 7, p. 15, pl. 3, figs. la-c, 1931. 
MIOCENE FORAMINIFERA OF COASTAL 

Test planoconvex, dorsal side nearly flat, ventral side 

slightly convex, periphery subacute; chambers numerous, 8 to 10 in the adult whorl, rather rapidly increasing 

in size; sutures distinct, slightly lim bate on the dorsal 

side, especially in the earlier chambers, depressed on 

the ventral side; wall smooth, finely perforate; aperture peripheral and extending onto the dorsal side, 

with a slight lip. Diameter up to 0.75 mm. 

This is a common species in the Miocene and Oligocene of the Coastal Plain region of the United States 

and also occurs in the late Tertiary of California, 

Panama, and northern South America. 

A reexamination of some of the specimens referred to 

this species in Bulletin 676 shows that they are the 

young stage of C. concentricus. We have specimens 

from the Duplin marl of North and South Carolina 

and the Yorktown formation of North Carolinn, and 

Virginia. 

Cibicides concentricus (Cushman) 

Plate 13, Figures 3a-c 

Truncatulina concentrica Cushman, U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 676, 

p. 64, pl. 21, fig. 3, 1918. 

Cibicides concentricus Cushman, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 4, 

p. 61, pl. 12, figs. 4a-c, 1930. 

Cushman and Ponton, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 9, p. 101, 

1932. 

Test nearly planoconvex, dorsal side nearly flat, ventral side convex, periphery subcarinate; chambers distinct, 7 to 9 in the adult whorl, the inner end on the 

dorsal side with a definite proximal portion, fusing 

with adjacent ones to form a concentric band about 

the middle, and more or less separated by a series 

of depressions; sutures deep on the ventral side, slightly 

lim bate and flush on the dorsal side; wall srnooth, 

finely perforate; aperture largely dorsal with a, thin 

lip. Diameter up to 1.00 mm .. 

This is one of the most common species in the 

Choctawhatchee formation of Florida, from which it 

was originally described. It occurred in most of the 

many stations in Florida, and we have it from nearly 

all of our stations to the north, in the Duplin marl 

of North and South Carolina, the Yorktown forrnation 

of North Carolina and Virginia, and the Calvert formation of Maryland. It is also now known from the 

Recent material off the coast of Florida and is probably 

widely distributed in the present West Indian region 

but in extremely warm or shallow water. 

Cibicides lobatulus (Walker and Jacob) var. ornatus (Cushman) 

Plate 13, Figures 4a-c 

Truncatulina lobatula (Walker and Jacob) var. ornata Cushman, 

U. S. Geol. Survey Bull. 676, p. 61, pl. 18, figs. 1, 2, 

1918. 

Cibicides lobatula (Walker and Jacob) var. ornata Cushman, 

Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 4, p. 62, 1930. 

Test differing from the typical form in the ornamentation, especially the well-developed bands outlining 

the chambers on the dorsal side. 

I 

PLAIN OF :EASTERN UNITED STATES 35 

This ~~ther unsatisfactory form, which was described 

from Co~s Mill, Liberty County, Fla., from the Choctawhatc~ee formation, has only one other record-that 

from Wrulton County, Fla. We have specimens which 

may possibly belong to this form from the Yorktown 

formatioh of Virginia, and from the Calvert and Chop- -

tank for~ations of Maryland. 

Genuk DYOCIBICIDES Cushman and Valentine, 1930 I . Dyl ocibicides biserialis Cushman and Valentine 

Plate 13, Figures 5a-c 

Dyocibicides biserialis Cushman and Valentine, Stanford Univ. 

Debt. Geology Contr., vol. 1, p. 31, pl. 10, figs. 1, 2, 1930. 

Cushman, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 4, p. 62, pl. 12, figs. 

6a, , b, 1930. 

Cushman and Ponton, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 9, p. 102, 

1932. 

Test }airly large, the early portion close coiled, 

later in I a spreading biserial series of planoconvex 

chambers, the dorsal, attached side, flattened; 7 or 8 

chamberk in the last whorl, chambers not inflated but 

becomink inflated in the biserial portion and greatly 

enlarging; sutures in the early coiled part, ,limbate 

and notj depressed, in the biserial portion continuing 

the limb1

ate character on the dorsal side but becoming 

deeply depressed ventrally; wall distinctly perforate; 

aperttu'i in the early coiled portion peripheral or 

slightly dorsal, in the uncoiled portion an elongate 

slit at t e outer edge of the chamber at the line of 

attachm~nt, often elliptical, with a slightly raised lip. 

Length ~p to 1.25 mm. 

This pecies was originally described from Recent 

materin.ll off the Florida con.st and occurs also in the 

late Tertiary of that region. It has proved to be 

fairly cormon in the Choctawhatchee and Shoal River 

formati1ns of Florida, occurring at numerous stations, 

but is very rare in the Chipola and absent from the 

Oak Gr0ve. The only added localities we have n.re 

from thJ Duplin marl of North Carolina and the Choptank fotmation of Maryland. This species is also 

rather widely distributed in the present western 

Atlantic[ _ 

Family PLANORBULINIDAE 

Genus ACERVULINA Schultze, 1854 

Acervulina cf. A. inhaerens Schultze 

Plate 13, Figures 6, 7 

A few incomplete specimens were recorded from the 

Choctawhatchee formation of Leon County, Fla. 12 

We hav~ figured two spec~mens apparently belonging · 

to this species from the Duplin marl of North Carolina. 

Similar 1forms are common in shallow water of the 

general rest Indian region. . 

12 Cushman, J. A., Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 4, p. 63, 1930. 

• 

Dtslnbulwn of the Porammifera of the Mtocene of the Atlanttc Coastal Pla.n 

----------------------------------------------,------------------------------------"-------------~----------------~~~~~~~~--~~--------------------------------------------------------------------r-------------------D~u~p~!J:n~un::ar~l-------------------r---------------------------------~y~~::k~to~w~n~rn:nn::a~tJ:o:n~--------------------------------r-----------~S~t~~~a~ry;s~rn~rm::a~tJ:o:n-------------,----~

Flonda South Carolma North Carohna V1rgm1a 

CalhounCountyl--- 6316 11820 11824 11831 11835 11838 111837 1/188 1/193 1/201 1/205 1/216 1/234 1/251 1/470. 1/241 11/543 -----o------L,eo_n __ c_oun-,ty--~--,------l------c,------,-----,------,------l·------,------,------,------,------ll------,------,------- 1/954 1/960 1/946 

amerwanus ___ _ ---------

concentncus ___ ------------- lobatulus, var mnatus _______________ _ 

Dvombwtdes biserial Is __ _ 

Accn ulma cf A Inhaerens ___ _ 

1/66• 1/748 1/749 1/003 

Maryland 

Chesapeake 

Beach 

Plum 

Pomt 

Earliest 

1/752 l/753 

Latest 

Recent 

Do 

Miocene 

Do 

Do 

Do 

Do 

Recent 

Do 

Do 

Do 

Do 

Do 

Do 

Do 

Do 

Do 

Do 

Do 

Do 

Do 

l\hocene 

Do 

Do 

Do 

Do 

Recent 

Mwcene 

Recent 

Do 

Phocene 

Do 

Recent 

Mwcene 

Do 

Do 

Do 

Do 

Do 

Do 

Do 

Recent 

Do 

Mwcene. 

Recent 

Do 

Mwcene 

Recent 

(?) 

Recent 

Do 

Do 

Do 

Do 

Do 

Do 

Pletstocene. 

Recent 

Do 

Do 

Do 

Do 

Do. 

Mwcene 

Do 

Do. 

Do 

Recent 

Do 

Do 

Miocene 

Plwcene 

Recent 

Do 

Do 

Do 

Do 

Do 

Mwcene. 

Do 

Do 

Recent 

Pliocene 

Mwcene. 

Recent 

Mwcene 

Do 

Recent 

:rviwcene 

Do 

Do 

Do 

Recent 

Mwcene 

Do 

Do 

Recent 

lVhocene 

Recent 

Do 

Mwccne 

Do 

Recent 

Do 

1\Iwccne 

Do 

Recent 

Do 

Do 

Do 

Do 

Do 

Do. 

Mwcene 

Recent 

Mwccne 

Recent 

Do 

Mwcene 

Recent 

Do 

Mwcene 

Recent 

Do 

Do 

Do 

Do 

Do 

Mwcene 

Recent 

M10cene 

Recent 

Do 
37 
PLATE 1 

Psammosphaera fusca F. E. Schultze(?) (p. 5) 

FIGURE 1. a, b, Opposite sides, X 50. U.S.G.S. station 1/750. 

Proteonina dUHugiformis (H. B. Brady) (?) (p. 5) 

FIGURE 2. a, Front view; b, apertural view, X 130. U.S.G.S. station 11831. 

Millettella spinata Cushman and Cahill, n. sp. (p. 5) 

FIGURE 3. a, Front view; b, opposite side; c, apertural view, X 200. U.S.G.S. station 11831. 

Urnulina rotundata Cushman and Cahill, n. sp. (p. 6) 

FIGURE 4. a, Side view; b, apertural view, X 130. U.S.G.S. station 11831. 

Pseudarcella arenata Cushman (p. 6) 

FIGURE 5. a, Side view; b, apertural view, X 130. U.S.G.S. station 11831 

Spiroplectammina gracilis (von Muenster) (p. 6) 

FIGURE 6. a, Front view; b, apertural view, X 50. U.S.G.S. station 1/752. 

FIGURE 7. Side view, X 50. U.S.G.S. station 1/752. 

Textularia agglutinans D'Orbigny (p. 7) 

FIGURE 8. a, Front view, b, apertural view, X 50. U.S.G.S. station 1/752. 

Textularia gramen D'Orbigny (p. 7) 

FIGURE 9. a, Front view; b, apertural view, X 50. U.S.G.S. station 1/752. 

Textularia mayori Cushman (p. 7) 

FIGURE 10. a, Front view; b, apertural view, X 50. U.S.G.S. station 1/205. 

Textularia conica D'Orbigny (p. 8) 

FIGURE 11. a, Front view; b, apertural view, X 70. U.S.G.S. station 11824; 

Textularia articulata D'Orbigny (p. 8) 

FIGURE 12. a, Front view; b, apertural view, X 60. Chesapeake Beach, Md. 

Textularia floridana Cushman {p. 8) 

FIGURE 13. a, Front view; b, apertural view, X 90. U.S.G.S. station 1/950. 

Bigenerina nodosaria D'Orbigny var. textularioidea (Goes) (p. 8) 

FIGURE 14. Side view, X 80. U.S.G.S. station 1/946. 

38 
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 175 PLATE 1 

I 

MIOCENE FORAMINIFERA OF THE ATLANTIC COASTAL PLAIN 
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 175 PLATE 2 

MIOCENE FORAMINIFERA OF THE ATLANTIC COASTAL PLAIN 
PLATE 2 

Quinqueloculina cf. Q. fusca H. B. Brady (p . . 9) 

FIGURE 1. a, b, Opposite sides; c. apertural view, X 50. U.S.G.S. station 9619. 

Quinqueloculina seminula (Linne) (p. 9) 

FIGURE 2. a, b, Opposite sides; c, apertural view, X 50. U.S.G.S. statiojn 1/234. 

Quinqueloculina contorta D'Orbigny (p. 9) I 

FIGURE 3. a, b, Opposite sides; c, apertural view, X 50. U.S.G.S. station 1/752. 

Quinqueloculina lamarckiana D 'Orbigny (p. 9) 

FIGURE 4. a. b, Opposite sides; c, apertural view, X 65. U.S.G.S. station 1/967. 

Quinqueloculina subpoeyana Cushman (p. 10) 

FIGURE 5. a, b, Opposite sides, X 100. U.S. G.S. station 1/955. 

Spiroloculina planulata (Lamarck) (p. 10) 

FIGURE 6. a, Front view; b, apertural view, X 100. U.S.G.S. station 1/967. 

Spiroloculina depressa D'Orbigny (p. 10) 

FIGURE 7. a, Front view; b, apertural view, X 60. Jackson Bluff, Leon County, Fla. 

FIGURE 8. Side view, X 100. 

Spiroloculina sp. ? (p. 10) 

U.S.G.S. station 1/955. · I 

Massilina marylandica Cushman and Cahill, n. sp. (p; 10) 

FIGURE 9. a, b, Opposite sides; c, apertural view, X 50. U.S.G.S. station 1/903. 

Massilina glntinosa Cushman and Cahill, n. sp. (p. 10) 

I 

FIGURE 10. a, b, Opposite sides; c, apertural view, X 50. U.S.G.S. station 1/752. 

Massilina mansfieldi Cushman and Cahill, n. sp. (p. 11) 

FIGURE 11. a, b, Opposite sides; c, apertural view, X 50. U.S.G.S. statilon 1/193. 

39 
PLATE 3 

Sigmoilina tenuis (Czjzek) ( p. 11) 

FIGURE 1. a, b, Opposite sides; c, apertural view, X 100. U.S.G.S. station 1/947. 

_ Triloculina schreiberiana D'Orbigny (p. 11) 

FIGURE 2. a, b, Opposite sides; c, apertural view, X 65. Coes Mill, Liberty County, Fla. 

Triloculina asperula Cushman (p. 11) 

FIGURE 3. Side view, X 100. Coes Mill, Liberty County, Fla. 

Pyrgo subsphaerica (D'Orbigny) (p. 11) 

FIGURE 4. a, Front view; b, side view;_e, apertural view, X 50. Jackson Bluff, Leon County, Fla. 

Cornuspira involvens (Reuss) (p. 12) 

FIGURE 5. Side view, X 100. U.S.G.S. station 1/967. 

Robulus americanus (Cushman) (p. 12) 

FIGURE 6. a, Side view; b, apertural view, X 60. U.S.G.S. station 1/948. 

Robulus americanus (Cushman), var. spinosus (Cushman) (p. 12) 

FIGURE 7. a, Side view; b, apertural view, X 60. U.S.G.S. station 1/948. 

40 

-. 
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 175 PLATE 3 

MIOCENE FORAMINIFERA OF THE ATLAN r C COASTAL PLAIN 
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 175 PLATE 4 

MIOCENE FORAMINIFERA OF THE ATLANTIC COASTAL PLAIN 
PLATE 4 

Robulus iotus (Cushman) (p. 12) 

FIGURE 1. a, Side view; b, peripheral view, X 45. U.S.G.S. station 1/706. 

Robulus ftoridanus (Cushman) (p. 12) 

FIGURE 2. a, Side view; b, peripheral view, X 50. 1 mile south of Red Bay, Walton County, Fla. 

Robulus catenulatus (Cushman) (p. 13) 

FIGURE 3. a, Side view; b, peripheral view, X 90. U.S.G.S. station 1/673. 

Planularia sp. ? (p. 13) 

FIGURE 4. a, Side view; b, peripheral view, X 90. U.S.G.S. station 1/655. 

Planularia sp. ? (p. 13) 

FIGURE 5. a, Side view; b, peripheral view, X 90. U.S.G.S. station 1/948. 

Marginulina sp. ? (p. 13) 

FIGURE 6. a, Side view; b, peripheral view, X 90. U.S.G.S. station 1/962. 

Marginulina dubia Neugeboren (p. 13) 

FIGURE 7. a, Side view; b, peripheral view, X 65. U.S.G.S. station 1/956. 

Marginulina sp. ? (p. 13) 

FIGURE 8. a, Side view; b, peripheral view, X 65. U.S.G.S. station 1/947. 

41 
PLATE 5 

Saracenaria acutauricularis (Fichtel and Moll) (p. 13) 

. FIGURE 1. a, Side view; b, peripheral view, X 65. U.S.G.S. station 1/947. 

Dentalina communis D'Orbigny (p. 14) 

FIGURE 2. Side view, X 65. U.S.G.S. station 1/947. 

Dentalina c~nsobrina D'Orbigny var. emaciata Reuss (p. 14) 

FIGURE 3. Side view, X 65. U.S.G.S. station 1/947. 

Dentalina sp. ? (p. 14) 

FIGURE 4. Side view, X 90. U.S.G.S. station 1/947. 

Nodosaria catesbyi D'Orbigny .(p. 14) 

FIGURE 5. Side view, x· 90. U.S.G.S. station 1/965. 

Lagena perlucida (Montagu) (p. 15) 

FIGURE 6. a, Side view; b, apertural view, X 130. U.S.G.S. station 1/222. 

Lagena clavata (D'Orbigny) (p. 15) 

FIGURE 7. a, Side view; b, apertural view, X 130. U.S.G.S. station 1/752. 

Lagena hexagona (Williamson) (p. 15) 

FIGURE 8. a, Side view; b, apertural view, X 125. U.S.G.S. station 1/946. 

Lagena hexagona (Williamson) var. scalariformis (Williamson) (p. 15) 

FIGURE 9. a, Side view; b, apertural view, X 100. U.S.G.S. station 1/958. 

Lagena sulcata (Walker and Jacob) (p. 16) 

FIGURE 10. Side view, X 100. U.S.G.S. station 1/960. 

Lagena substriata Williamson (p. 16) 

FIGURE 11. a, Side view; b, apertural view, X 130. U.S.G.S. station 1/903. 

Lagena orbignyana (Seguenza), var. lacunata Burrows and Holland (p. 16) 

FIGURE 12. a, Side view; b, apertural view, X 100 . . U.S.G.S. station 1/958. 

Lagena cf. L. striato-punctata Parker and Jones (p. 16) 

FIGURE 13. Side view. X 100. U.S.G.S. station 1/956. 

Lagena costata (Williamson) var. amphora Reuss (p. 16) 

FIGURE 14. Side view, X 90. Chesapeake Beach, Md. 

Lagena cf. L. marginato-perforata (Seguenza) (p. 17) 

FIGURE 15. a, Side view; b, apertural view, X 130. U.S.G.S. station 1/234. 

42 
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 175 PLATE 5 

MIOCENE FORAMINIFERA OF THE ATLANTIC COASTAL PLAIN 

J 
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 175 PLATE 6 

MIOCENE FORAMINIFERA OF THE ATLANTIC COASTAL PLAIN 
PLATE 6 

Guttulina costatula Galloway and Wissler (p. 17) 

FIGURE 1. a, b, Opposite sides, X 70. Maye~ville, S. C. 

Guttulina lactea (Montagu) var. earlandi Cushman and Ozawa (p. 17) 

FIGURE 2. Side view, X 100. U.S.G.S. station 1/955. 

Guttulina austriaca D'Orbigny (p. 17) 

FIGURE 3. a, Front view; b, side view, X 70. 

FIGURE 4. a, Front view; b, side view, X 70. 

U.S.G.S. station 1/543. 

U.S.G.S. station 1/543. 

Pyrulina albatrossi Cushman and Ozawa (p. 18) 

FIGURE 5. a, Front view; b, side view, X 70. U.S.G.S. station 1/752. 

Globulina gibba D'Orbigny (p. 18) 

FIGURE 6. Front view, X 90. U.S.G.S. station 1/947. 

FIGURE 7. a, b, Opposite sides, X 90. 

FIGURE 8. a, b, Opposite sides, X 70. 

Globulina inaequalis Reuss (p. 18) 

U.S.G.S. station 11824. 

U.S.G.S. station 1/201. 

Globulina rotundata (Bornemann) (p. 18) 

FIGURE 9. Front view, X 90. U.S.G.S. station 1/947. 

Pseudopolymorphina dumblei (Cushman and Applin) (p. 19) 

FIGURE 10. a, Front view; b, side view, X 90. U.S.G.S. station 1/543. 

Pseudopolymorphina rutila (Cushman) (p. 19) 

FIGURE 11. Front view, X 65. U.S.G.S. station 1/954. 

Pseudopolymorphina striata (Bagg) (p. 19) 

FIGURE 12. Front view, X 50. Plum Point, Md. 

FIGURE 13. a, Front view; b, side view, X 50. Plum Point, Md. 

Sigrnomorphina williarnsoni (Terquem) (p. 19) 

FIGURE 14. Front view, X 90. U.S.G.S. station 1/961. 

Sigrnoidella cf. S. kagaensis Cushman and Ozawa (p. 19) 

FIGURE 15. a, Front view; b, side view, X 50. Plum Point, Md. 

43 
PLATE 7 

Nonion grateloupi (D'Orbigny) (p. 20) 

FIGURE 1. a, Side view; b, peripheral view, X 90. U.S.G.S. station 1/205. 

Nonion pizarrense Berry (p. 20) 

FIGURE 2. a, Side view; b, peripheral v~ew, X 50. U.S.G.S. station 1/903. 

N onion glabrellum Cushman (p. 20) 

FIGURE 3. a, Side view; b, peripheral view, X 100. U.S.G.S. station 1/958. 

Nonion incisum (Cushman) (p. 20) 

FIGURE 4. a, Side view; b, peripheral view, X 50. U .. S.G.S. station 1/752. 

Nonion po~pilioides (Fichtel and Moll) (p. 21) 

FIGURE 5. a, Side view; b, peripheral view, X 65. Centerville, Md. 

Nonionella auris (D'Orbigny) (p. 21) 

FIGURE 6. a, Stde view; b, peripheral view, X 70. U.S.G.S. station 1/903. 

Elphidium poeyanum (D'Orbigny) (p. 21) 

FIGURE 7. a, Side view; b, peripheral view, X 70. r Mayes~ille, s. c. 

Elphidium incertum (Williamson) (p. 21) 

FIGURE 8. Side view, X 70. U.S.G.S. station 11820. 

Elphidium sagrum (D'Orbigny) (p. 22) 

FIGURE 9. a, Side view; b, peripheral view, X 70. U.S.G.S. station 11820. 

Elphidium advenum (Cushman) (p. 22) 

FIGURE 10. a, Side. view; b, peripheral view, X 70. Mayesville, S. C. 

Plectofrondicularia floridana Cushman (p. 22) 

FIGURE 11. Front view, X 70. U.S.G.S. station 1/950. 

Plectofrondicularia mansfieldi Cushman and Ponton (p. 23) 

FIGURE 12. a, Front view; b, side view, X 70. Old Frasier farm, NW. X SE. X sec. 18. T. 2 N., R. 19 S., Florida. 

FIGURE 13. Front view, X 90. 

FIGURE 14. Side view, X 90. 

Buliminella elegantissima (D'Orbigny) (p. 23) 

U.S.G.S. station 1/234. 

U.S.G.S. station 1/234. 

Buliminella curta Cushman (p. 23) 

FIGURE 15. Front view, X 90. U.S.G.S. station 1/682. 

Bulimina gracilis Cushman (p. 24) 

FIGURE 16. a, Front view; b, side view, X 90. U.S.G.S. station 1/543. 

44 
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 175 PLA1'E 7 

MIOCENE FORAMINIFERA OF THE ATLANTIC COASTAL PLAIN 


U. S. GEOJ,OGJCAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 175 PLATE 8 

MIOCENE FORAMINIFERA OF THE ATLANTIC COASTAL PLAIN 
PLATE 8 

Bulimina inflata Seguenza (p. 24) 

FIGURE 1. a, Front view; b, apertural view, X 70. U.S.G.S. station 1/748. 

Virgulina (Virgulinella) gunteri Cushman (p. 24) 

FIGURE 2. Front view, X 60. U.S.G.S. station 1/963. 

Virgulina (Virgulinella) miocenica Cushman and Ponton (p. 24) 

FIGURE 3. a, b, Opposite sides, X 50. U.S.G.S. station 1/903. 

FIGURE 4. Front view, X 50. U.S.G.S. station 1/903. 

FIGURE 5. Front view, X 50. U.S.G.8. station 1/903. 

FIGURE 6. a, b, Opposite sides, X 50. U.S.G.S. station 1/903. 

Virgulina fusiformis Cushman (p. 25) 

FIGURE 7. a, Front view; b, apertural view, X 125. U. s: G, S. station 1/956. 

Virgulina punctata D'Orbigny (p. 25) 

FIGURE 8. a, Front view; b, apertural view, X 90. U.S.G.S. station 1/682. 

Bolivina marginata Cushman (p. 25) 

FIGURE 9. a, Front view; b, apertural view, X 90. U.S.G.S. station 1/950. 

Bolivina marginata Cushman, var. multicostata Cushman (p. 25) 

FIGURE 10. a, Front view; b, apertural view, X 100. U.S.G.S. station 1/950. 

Bolivina floridana Cushman (p. 26) 

FIGURE 11. a, Front view; b, apertural view, X 70. U.S.G.S. station 1/950. 

Bolivina plicatella Cushman (p. 26) 

FIGURE 12. a, Front view; b, apertural view, X 125. U.S.G.S. station 1/962. 

Bolivina pulchella D'Orbigny var. primitiva Cushman (p. 26) 

FIGURE 13. Front view; b, apertural view, X 100. U.S. G.S. station 1/961. 

Bolivina paula Cushman and Cahill (p. 26) 

FIGURE 14. a, Front view; b, side view, X 90. U.S.G.S. station 1/188. 

Loxostomum gunteri Cushman (p. 26) 

FIGURE 15. a, Front view; b, apertural view, X 90. U.S.G.S. station 1/950. 

45 
PLATE 9 

Reussia sphiulosa (Reuss) (p. 27) 

FIGURE 1. a, Front view; b, apertural view, X 90. U.S.G.S. station 1/947. 

Chrysalidinella pulchella (Cushman) (p. 27) 

FIGURE 2. a, Front view; b, apertural view, X 100. U.S.G.S. station 1/947. 

Uvigerina auberiana D'Orbigny (p. 27) 

FIGURE 3. Front view, X 100. U.S.G.S. station 1/947. 

Siphogenerina laniellata Cushman (p. 28) 

FIGURE 4. Front view, X 60. U.S.G.S. station 1/948. 

Siphogenerina spinosa Bagg (p. 28) 

FIGURE 5. Front view copied from type figure, X 38.5. Jones Wharf, Md. 

FIGURE 6. Front view, X 50. Drawn from type specimen; 

Siphogenerina advena Cushman (p. 28) 

FIGURE 7. a, Front, view; b, side view, X 90. Mayesville, S. C. 

Angulogerina occidentalis (Cushman) (p. 28) 

FIGURE 8. a, Front view; b, side view, X 90. U.S.G.S. station 11831. 

Ellipsolagena bidens Cushman (p. 28) 

FIGURE 9. a, Front view; b, apertural view, X 125. U.S.G.S. station 1/682. 

Spirillina orbicularis Bagg (p. 29) 

FIGURE 10. a, Dorsal view; b, ventral view, X 90. U.S.G.S. station 11824. 

Patellina advena Cushman (p. 29) 

FIGURE 11. a, Dorsal view; b, ventral view, X 160. U.S.G.S. station 11836. 

Discorbis floridana Cushman (p. 29) 

FIGURE 12. a, Dorsal view; b, ventral view; c, peripheral view, X 70. 

FIGURE 13. a, Dorsal view; b, ventral view; c, peripheral view, X 90. 

46 

U.S.G.S. stati011 11820. 

U.S.G.S. station 1/958. 
tJ. S. GEOLOG1CAL SU'RVElY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 175 PLATE 9 

MIOCENE FORAMINIFERA OF THE ATLANTIC COASTAL PLAIN 

•. 
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PttOFESSIONAL PAPER 175 PLATE 10 

MIOCENE FORAMINIFERA OF THE ATLANTIC COASTAL PLAIN 
PLATE 10 

Discorbis orbicularis (Terquem) (p. 29) 

FIGunE 1. a, Dorsal view; b, ventral view; c, peripheral view, X 90. U.S.G.S. station 1/955. 

Discorbis valvulata (D'Orbigny) (p. 30) 

FIGURE 2. a, ·Dorsal view; b, ventral view; c, peripheral view, X 90. 

FIGURE 5. a, Dorsal view; b, ventral view; c, peripheral view, X 90. 

U.S.G.S. station 1/543. 

Chesapeake Beach, Md 

Discorbis candeiana (D'Orbigny) (p. 29) 

FIGURE 3. a, Dorsal view; b, ventral view; c, peripheral view, X 90. U.S.G.S. station 1 1470a. (These figures, unnumbered 

on the plate, appear just below 2a, 2b, and 2c.) 

Discorbis consobrina (D'Orbigny) ( p. 30) 

FIGURE 4. a, Dorsal view; b, ventral view; c, peripheral view, X 175. U.S.G.S. station 1/954. 

Discorbis turrita Cushman (p. 30) 

FIGURE 6. a, Dorsal view; b, ventral view; c, peripheral view, X 60. Suffolk, Va. 

Valvulineria floridana Cushman (p. 30) 

FIGURE 7. a, Dorsal view; b, ventral view; c, peripheral view, X 70. Plum Point, Md. 

Eponides mansfieldi Cushman (p. 31) 

FIGURE 8. a, Dorsal view; b, ventral view; c, peripheral view, X 70. · U.S.G.S. station 1/903. 

47 
PLATE 11 

Eponides lateralis (Terquem) (p. 31) 

FIGURE 1. a, Dorsal view; b, ventral view; 9, peripheral view, X 70. U.S.G.S. station 1/543. 

Rotalia bassleri Cushman and Cahill, n. sp. (p. 32) 

FIGURE 2. a, Dorsal view; b, ventral view; c, peripheral view, X 90. Chesapeake Beach, Md. 

Rotalia beccarii (Linne) var. parkinsoniana (D'Orbigny) (p. 31) 

:FIGURE 3. a, Dorsal view; b, ventral view; c,. peripheral view, X 70. .Mayesville, S. C. 

Cancris sagra (D'Orbigny) (p. 32) 

FIGURE 4. a, Dorsal view; b, ventral view; c, peripheral view, X 70. 

FIGURE 5. a, Dorsal view; b, ventral view; c, peripheral view, X 70. 

U.S.G.S. station 1/188 

U.S.G.S. station 1/188. 

Amphistegina,lessonii D'Orbigny (p. 32) 

FIGUHE 6. a, Dorsal view; b, ventral view; c, peripheral view, X 60. U.S.G.S. station 1/706. 

48 
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 175 PLATE 11 

MIOCENE FORAMINIFERA OF THE ATLANTIC COASTAL PLAIN 
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 175 PLATE 12 

MIOCENE FORAMINIFERA OF THE ATLANTIC COASTAL PLAIN 
PLATE 12 

Pulvinulinella pontoni Cushman (p. 32) 

FIGURE 1. a, Dorsal view; b, ventral view; c, peripheral view, X 200. U.S.G.S. station 11837. 

Cassidulina crassa D'Orbigny (p. 32) 

FIGURE 2. a, Dorsal view; b, ventral view; c, peripheral view, X 200. U.S.G,S. station 1/470a. 

Cassidulina laevigata D'Orbigny var. carinata Cushman (p. 32) 

FIGURE 3. a, Dorsal view; b, ventral view; c, peripheral view, X 90. U.S.G.S. station 1/903. 

Cassidulinoides bradyi (Nor man) (p. 33) 

FIGURE 4. a, Front view; b, side view, X 100. U.S.G.S. station 1/954. 

Globorotalia menardii (D'Orbigny) (p. 34) 

FIGURE 5. a, Dorsal view; b, ventral view; c, peripheral view, X 60. U.S.G.S. station 1/965. 

Planulina depressa (D'Orbigny) (p. 34) 

FIGURE 6. a, Dorsal view; b, ventral view; c, peripheral view, X 50. U.S.G.S. station 11835. 

49 
PLATE ·13 

Cibicides floridanus (Cushman) (p. 34) 

FIGURE 1. a, Dorsal view; b, ventral view; c, peripheral view, X 70. U.S.G.S. station 11837. 

Cibicides americanus (Cushman) (p. 34) 

FIGURE 2. a, Dorsal view; b, ventral view.; c, peripheral view, X 90. U.S.G.S. station 1/193. 

Cibicides concentricus (Cushman) (p. 35) 

FIGURE 3. a, Dorsal view; b, ventral view; c, peripheral view, X 70. Plum Point, Md. 

Cibicides lobatulus (Walker and Jacob) var. ornatus (Cushman) (p. 35) 

FIGURE 4. a, Dorsal view; b, ventral view; c, peripheral view, X 70. Plum Point, Md. 

Dyocibicides biserialis Cushman and Valentine (p. 35) 

"FIGURE 5. a, Dorsal view; b, ventral view; c, peripheral view, X 50. U.S.G.S. station 1/222. 

Acervulina cf. A. inhaerens Schultze (p. 35) 

FIGURE 6. a, Dorsal view; b, ventral view, X 50. 

FIGURE 7. a, Dorsal view; b, ventral view, X 50. 

50 

U.S.G.S. station 11820. 

U.S.G.S. station 11820. Young. 
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY :PROFESSIONAL PAPER 175 PLATE 13 

MIOCENE FORAMINIFERA OF THE ATLANTIC COASTAL PLAIN 

0