UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 

J. A. Krug, Secretary

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

W. E. Wrathcr, Director

Professional Paper 206

UPPER CRETACEOUS FORAMINIFERA OF THE 

GULF COASTAL REGION OF THE UNITED STATES

AND ADJACENT AREAS

BY

JOSEPH A. CUSHMAN

UNITED STATES

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 

WASHINGTON : 1946

For Sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D. C.

Price, §1.00

CONTENTS

Abstract ............................

Introduction ...................

List of localities ............

Systematic descriptions

Astrorhizidae .........

Rhizamminidae .....

Saccamminidae .......

Hyperamminidae ...

Reophacidae ...........

Ammodisicidae .......

Lituolidae ................

Textulariidae ..........

Verneuilinidae ........

Valvulinida'e ...........

Silicinidae ................

Miliolidae ................

Trochamminidae ....

Page 

1

1

2

14

14

14

14

15

16

17

19

27

31

42

47

48

49

i Page

Systematic descriptions Continued.

Orbitolinidae ................................................................................ 51

Lagenidae ...............................................................'..................... 51

Polymorphinidae ........................................................................ 95

Nonionidae ................................................................................... 100

Camerinidae ................................................................................ 101

Heterohelicidae .......................................................................... 101

Buliminidae .................................................................................. 119

Ellipsoidinidae .......................................:.................................... 131

Rotaliidae ..................................................................................... 137

Cassidulinidae ............................................................................ 143

Chilostomellidae ........................................................................ 145

Globigerinidae ... v ....................................................................... 147

Hantkeninidae ............................................................................ 148

Globorotaliidae .......................................................................... 149

Anomalinidae .............................................................................. 154

Index ...................................................................................................... 229

ILLUSTRATIONS

Page

PLATE!. Astrorhizidae, Rhizamminidae, Saccamminidae, 

	Hyperamminidae, Reophacidae, and Ammo- 

	discidae ........................................................................ 162

2. Ammodiscidae, Lituolidae .......................................... 163

3-4. Lituolidae .................................................................... 164-165

5. Lituolidae, Textulariidae ............................................ 166

6. Textulariidae .................................................................. 167

7-11. Verneuilinidae ............................................................ 168-172

12-13. Valvulinidae ................................................................ 173-174

14. Silicinidae, Miliolidae .................................................. 175

15. Trochamminidae, Orbitolinidae ................................ 176

16-39. Lagenidae .................................................................... 177-200

40. Lagenidae, Polymorphinidae .................................... 201

41-42. Polymorphinidae ...................................................... 202-203

43. Polymorphinidae, Nonionidae .................................. 204

Page

PLATE 44. Nonionidae, Camerinidae, Heterohelicidae ............ 205

45-49: Heterohelicidae .......................................................... 206-210

50. Heterohelicidae, Buliminidae .................................... 211

51-53. Buliminidae ...........................................'......:.............. 212-214

54. Buliminidae, Ellipsoidinidae ...................................... 215

55-56. Ellipsoidinidae .......................................................... 216-217

57-58. Rotaliidae .................................................................... 218-219

59. Rotaliidae, Cassidulinidae .......................................... 220

60. Cassidulinidae, Chilostomellidae .............................. 221

61. Globigerinidae, Hantkeninidae, Globorotaliidae.... 222

62. Globorotaliidae .............................................................. 223

63. Globorotaliidae, Anomalinidae .................................. 224

64-65. Anomalinidae ............................................................ 225-226

66. Miscellaneous Foraminifera ...................................... 227

III
UPPER CRETACEOUS FORAMINIFERA OF THE GULF COASTAL REGION 

OF THE UNITED STATES AND ADJACENT AREAS

By JOSEPH A. CUSHMAN

ABSTRACT

This paper describes the Foraminifera (except those belonging 

to Globigerina and related genera) from the Upper Cretaceous of 

the Gulf Coastal Plain of the United States. The collections are 

largely from Texas, Mississippi, and Alabama, but Louisiana and 

Tennessee also are represented. Records from related areas of 

Kansas, Nebraska, and South Dakota are included, as well as those 

from Canada, Mexico, the West Indies, and northern South 

America. Charts show the vertical distribution of the species. Many 

of the species are excellent index fossils for use either in surface 

work or in the study of cores. Nearly 600 species and varieties 

are recorded, and nearly all are figured.

INTRODUCTION

Collections on which the present paper is based are 

largely from the Upper Cretaceous of Texas, where excellent sections are exposed and where the relationships 

of the succession of Foraminifera-bearing strata can be 

seen. In addition, much carefully collected material has 

been available from Mississippi, Alabama, and Tennessee, with lesser amounts from Arkansas and Louisiana.

In order to make the work more nearly complete, 

records have been included from adjacent areas, the 

interior basin extending northward from Kansas to 

Canada, the southern areas of Mexico, the West Indies, 

and northern South America. In the more southern 

areas exposed rocks contain Upper Cretaceous Foraminifera closely related to species found in well samples from 

the Gulf Coastal Plain but not known from outcrops.

The material available represents differing degrees of 

hardness, from rather compact limestones, that are difficult to break down, to clays and marls from which 

excellent series of cleaned Foraminifera may be obtained. 

Even with the limestones some softer layers and shaly 

partings yield a representative fauna.

A considerable range of ocean-bottom conditions is 

represented in the samples. As a result, it is necessary 

in correlation to note these conditions in the several 

parts of the area, for they may have been quite different, 

even though representing the same time interval. The 

high percentage of pelagic Foraminifera in some parts of 

the section even those that may represent epochs where 

the bottom conditions were changing is another factor 

that must be taken into account in correlation. On the 

whole, it has seemed that the bottom-living Foraminifera 

are probably more sensitive to change and perhaps 

shorter-lived than some of the larger organisms. This 

should be considered when discrepancies between groups 

seem to give different results as to age of beds.

The fauna is a large one. The nearly 600 species 

and varities described and figured here do not represent 

the entire fauna, as other species are present but represented by material too meager or too poorly preserved 

to warrant descriptions and figures of them at the present 

time. Further study will undoubtedly bring to light 

numerous additions to the fauna described and figured 

here.

Many of our American Cretaceous species have been

referred to species already described from Europe. In 

order to make this work more accurate, the author has 

spent two summers in Europe studying type collections 

and comparing our American specimens directly with 

the actual types of species in European museums. Much 

topotype material was collected in Europe, and numerous 

specimens were kindly furnished by various institutions 

and workers in this field. As a result of these studies 

it has been possible to work intelligently with the species 

of the two rather widely removed areas. The results of 

these detailed studies will be found in the synonymy and 

notes under the various species.

Although the main purpose of this paper is to present 

the descriptions and figures of the Upper Cretaceous 

species of Foraminifera in the Gulf Coastal Plain of the 

United States, it has seemed wise to include records from 

related regions. Papers by Morrow and Loetterle have 

given numerous records for the interior Cretaceous basin 

of the United States, including particularly Kansas, 

Nebraska, and South Dakota. Some of the species they 

have described from'that area occur also in the Gulf 

Coastal Plain. Likewise, the records for the northward 

extension into Canada given by Wickenden are included 

here, as some of the. species occur also in our area.

Many species described from the Upper Cretaceous of 

Mexico, the West Indies, and northern South America 

are included in this paper. Some of them are found in 

our Gulf Coastal Plain in outcrop material, and others 

are found there in well samples. It has therefore seemed 

wise to include these species for the benefit of those who 

may come in contact with them.

The records from the Atlantic.region are not included 

here, as many of the species are more closely related to 

species of Europe than to those of the Gulf region. Likewise, the species from the Pacific coast, though in the 

upper beds related to the species of Mexico and Trinidad, 

are not yet sufficiently well known to warrant inclusion 

here.

The economic importance of the Foraminifera hardly 

needs lengthy' discussion here. Their great abundance 

in most Cretaceous samples and their small size make 

them invaluable-as stratigraphic markers in drillings for 

oil or water. Likewise, in the study and correlation of 

surface outcrops the Foraminifera have demonstrated 

their great usefulness. The gathering together in one 

paper of the species known from these areas, with adequate illustrations, should be of sufficient use to warrant 

the time spent in the preparation of this paper.

In the systematic descriptions the various genera and 

species are arranged according to the latest accepted 

ideas in regard to the classification of the Foraminifera. 

The references to the American literature as well as to 

the earlier European records will be found in the 

synonymy under the various species. Usually when 

there is a question as to the identity, only those references are given that are accompanied by recognizable
2 UPPER CRETACEOUS FORAMINIFERA OF GULF COASTAL REGION

figures. Comparisons with other known species are 

frequently given' in the notes under the species as an 

aid in identification. An abbreviated list of localities 

.will be found under^ each species, representing the 

specimens actually seen and studied and ^deposited in 

our collections for future reference.

Several hundred separate localities are represented 

in our material. These have been numbered for convenience in reference, and an attempt has been made to 

group the localities by State and county as well as to 

keep them in a geologic sequence. A detailed list of all 

localities is given so that the condensed list under each 

species may be expanded if desired.

The material for the present paper has been obtained 

from many sources. The names of the collectors are 

given if known. Much of the material was collected in 

connection with other geologic work by members of the 

Federal Geological Survey, particularly by Dr. L. W. 

Stephenson and those associated with him in the field. 

Through the kindness of Messrs. J. A. Waters and N. L. 

Thomas, I have collected much material from Texas. 

Mrs. Helen J. Plummer and Dr. C. I. Alexander also 

have furnished excellent material from Texas. Dr. C. G. 

Lalicker collected a series of fine Cretaceous samples 

from the entire Upper Cretaceous section exposed in the 

Dallas region.

The illustrations are from American material. Illustrations in previous papers, have been used, for which 

acknowledgment is here made to the Geological Survey 

of Tennessee and to the-United States National Museum. 

Photographs have been used to illustrate a number of 

species, and many drawings have been made by Miss 

Patricia G. Edwards and Miss Ann Shepard, whose 

careful work is much appreciated.

I wish to express my appreciation for helpful suggestions to Drs. T. W. Stanton and G. F. Loughlin, who 

as former chief geologists of the Federal Geological 

Survey have directed this work; to Dr. John B. Reeside, 

Jr., for his help as geologist in charge of the Section of 

Paleontology and Stratigraphy; and to Dr. L. W. 

Stephenson under whose supervision as geologist in 

charge of the Section of Coastal Plain Investigations 

the work was initiated. To Miss Frances L. Parker I 

am greatly indebted for long and painstaking work in 

preparing much of the material for study and in charting 

the distribution of the various species.

LIST OF LOCALITIES

NAVARRO AGE

KEMP CLAY.

1. 1 foot below Midway group. Ditch in field, % mile S. 45° W. 

of Peerless, Hopkins County, Tex. H. J. Plummer. 

Station 646.

2. Old U. S. Highway 175, west of railroad, 2.6 miles northnorthwest of Kemp, Kaufman County, Tex. Exposure 

in ditch below culvert. L. W. Stephenson.

3. Huber Stone lease (now W-itherspoon lease) 6 miles due east 

of Corsicana, in bank of Post Oak Creek near bridge, 

Navarro County, Tex. 0. B. Hopkins. U.S.G.S. 9548.

4. Near Roane, center of southwest line of M. G. Slade 91-acre 

tract, Ralph Tandy survey, Navarro County, Tex.

5. On road to Roane, southwest corner of W: T. Holly 196 acres, 

W. M. Bartels survey, Navarro County, Tex.

6. North corner of John A. Thompson estate, 1,500 feet east of 

west line of Wm. Fisher survey, about 3% miles northwest of Bazette and 4 miles northeast of Roane, Navarro 

County, Tex. L. W. Stephenson and C. W. Cooke. 

U.S.G.S. 12922.

7. Upper part of Kemp clay. Branch % mile south of McLeod 

School and 6% miles southwest of Currie, Navarro 

County, Tex. L. W. Stephenson.

8. 90 feet below base of Midway group. Wortham road 5 miles

due east of Cooledge, Limestone County, Tex. L. W. 

.Stephenson.

9. Black Bluff, or Brazos River 2 miles above falls, Milam 

County line in Falls County, Tex. J. A. Gardner. 

U.S.G.S. 13776.

10. 10 feet below basal Midway greensand, along Walker Creek 

about 1 mile west of main highway and 6% miles north 

of Cameron, Milam County, Tex. H. J. Plummer. 

Station 644.

11. Mustang Creek about 6 miles east-southeast of Taylor, Williamson County, Tex. L. W. Stephenson and W. P. 

Popenoe.

12. 1 foot above base of Kemp clay. Branch of Mustang Creek 

1 mile west-southwest of Noack, 900 feet downstream 

from road and 0.2 mile southwest of Christ Evangelical 

Lutheran Church, Williamson County, Tex. L. W. 

Stephenson.

13. Bluff on Colorado River at Webberville, Travis County, 

Tex. L. W. Stephenson. U.S.G.S. 7601.

14. Bluff on Colorado River at Webberville, Travis County, Tex. 

T. W. Vaughan and C. H. Stuver. U.S.G.S. 1642.

15. Bank of Colorado River below old ferry at Webberville, 

Travis County, Tex. J. A. Gardner. U.S.G.S. 13910.

16. Colorado River at ferry at Webberville, Travis County, 

Tex. U.S.G.S. 7602.

17. 65 to 73 feet in Tom Thrasher's well, on road from Bastrop 

to Delvalle % mile from Old Garfield, Travis County, 

Tex. T. W. Vaughan. U.S.G.S. 1641.

18. Sandy marl, 6 to 8 feet above bottom of pit of Seguin Brick 

& Tile Co., 0.8 mile south of McQueeney Station, Guadalupe, Tex. L. W. Stephenson.

19. Pit of Seguin Vitrified Paving & Face Brick Co., % -mile 

south of McQueeney, Guadalupe County, Tex. L. W. 

Stephenson. U.S.G.S. 7638.'

20. 2 miles southeast of Marion, Guadalupe County, Tex. J. A. 

Gardner. U.S.G.S. 13389.

21. Bluff on small creek entering York Creek 4 miles southeast 

of Zorn, Guadalupe County, Tex. L. W. Stephenson. 

U.S.G.S. 10877. 

ESCONDIDO FORMATION (upper part)

22. Bluff on Rio Grande, Indio Cattle Co.'s ranch, 36 to 85 feet 

above water level, about 30 miles southeast of Eagle 

Pass and 4 miles a little south of west of Jacal ranch 

house, Maverick County, Tex. L. W. Stephenson. 

U.S.G.S. 8239. 

CORSICANA MARL.

23. Base of marl. 2.6 miles north by east of Malta, Bowie 

County, Tex. U.S.G.S. 12934:

24. Small branch below road 2% miles north of Tona siding and 

about 5 miles southwest of Quinlan, Hunt County, Tex. 

L. W. Stephenson.

25. Within 1 foot of top of Corsicana marl. Road ditch 3.5 

miles northwest of Union Seminary School, 4.3 miles 

south-southeast of Corbet, Navarro County, Tex. L. W. 

Stephenson.

26. Pit at Corsicana Brick Co., 2 miles south of courthouse at 

Corsicana, Navarro County, Tex. L. W. Stephenson.

27. Pit at Corsicana Brick Co., 2 miles south of Corsicana, 

Navarro County, Tex. J. A. Cushman and J. A. Waters.

28. Clay pit near Corsicana, Navarro County, Tex. H. J. 

Plummer.

29. Deep ditch on Wortham road near junction with Mexia 

road (U.S. Highway 84) 2.8 miles east of Cooledge, 

Limestone County, Tex. L. W. Stephenson.

30. Mexia Highway at forks of Wortham road 2.8 miles eastsoutheast of Cooledge, Limestone County, Tex. J. A. 

Cushman and N. L. Thomas. Station 22.

31. Mexia road 2.75 miles east of Cooledge on east-facing slope 

of Elm Creek Valley, Limestone County, Tex. L. W. 

Stephenson and C. H. Dane.

32. Road ditch on west-facing slope of Big Creek Valley 3 

miles southwest of Stranger and 1.3 miles southeast of 

Parsons Bridge, Falls County, Tex. L. W. Stephenson.

33. Buckholtz road 7.7 miles (by road) west of courthouse at 

Cameron, Milam County, Tex. L. W. Stephenson.

34. Gully in west-facing slope of Cottonwood Creek Valley 

}4 mile west of Kimbro and 2 miles south of Manda, 

Travis County, Tex. L. W. Stephenson. U.S.G.S. 

14129.

35. 35 feet above base of bluff on Onion Creek 2% miles west of 

Garfield, Travis County, Tex. L. W. Stephenson.

36. About 17 feet above base of bluff on Onion Creek, 2% miles 

west of Garfield, Travis County, Tex. L. W. Stephenson.
LIST OF LOCALITIES

37. 30 feet above base of bluff on Onion Creek J/4 mile below 

Bastrop road crossing and 2*/2 miles west of old Garfield, 

Travis County, Tex. L. W. Stephenson.

38. 40 feet above base of bluff on Onion Creek % mile below 

Bastrop road crossing and 2% miles west of old Garfield, Travis County, Tex. L. W. Stephenson.

39. 23 feet above base of bluff on Onion Creek % mile below 

Bastrop road crossing and 2% miles west of old Garfield, Travis County, Tex. L. W. Stephenson.

40. 18 feet above base of bluff on Onion Creek x/4 mile below 

Bastrop road crossing and 2% miles west of old Garfield, Travis County, Tex. L. W. Stephenson.

41. 13 feet above base of bluff on Onion Creek % mile below 

Bastrop road crossing and 2% miles west of old Garfield, Travis County, Tex. L. W. Stephenson.

42. 2 feet above base of bluff on Onion Creek % mile below 

Bastrop road crossing and 2% miles west of old Garfield, 

Travis County, Tex. L. W. Stephenson.

43. Jones crossing on Onion Creek just east of Austin-Bastrop 

Highway and 9 miles in a straight line southeast of 

Capitol in Austin, Travis County, Tex. H. J. Plummer. 

Station 226-T-9.

44. Left bank of San Marcos River, 100 yards below a ford 

V& mile below Martindale, Caldwell County, Tex. 

L. W. Stephenson. U.S.G.S. 7621.

45. West-facing bluff of Guadalupe River 1.3 miles above McQueeney, Guadalupe County, Tex. L. W. Stephenson. 

U.S.G.S. 7637.

46. 3 feet below base of Exogyra-Gryphaea bed, San Antonio 

road 6 miles east of Castroville, Bexar County, Tex. 

L. W. Stephenson. 

NACATOCH SAND.

47. 2 miles south of Oak Grove, Bowie County, Tex. J. A. 

Gardner. U.S.G.S. 12932.

48. Right bank of Red River 200 yards west of Lewis Ferry and 

8 miles north of New Boston, Bowie County, Tex. 

U.S.G.S. 12935.

49. Ditch on second-class road 1.7 miles northeast of Ardis 

Heights and 3.5 miles east-northeast of the courthouse 

at Greenville, Hunt County, Tex. L. W. Stephenson. 

NEYLANDVILLE MARL.

50. Paris Highway 2.4 miles west by north of Bogota, Red River 

County, Tex. L. W. Stephenson.

51. Branch east of Texas Midland railroad % mile north of 

Cooper, Delta County, Tex. L. W. Stephenson.

52. Wash west of Paris Highway 7^4 miles northeast of Cooper, 

Delta County, Tex. L. W. Stephenson.

53. Type locality. Abandoned cut of Texas Midland Railroad 

0.2 mile southwest of the site of Neylandville Station, 

6.4 miles northeast of the courthouse at Greenville, Hunt 

County, Tex. L. W. Stephenson.

54. Bankhead Highway 4.3 miles (air line) northeast of public 

square at Greenville, Hunt County, Tex. L. W. Stephenson.

55. Southeast of Greenville, near Dixon road 0.3 mile south of 

fair grounds, Hunt County, Tex. L. W. Stephenson 

and W. P. Popenoe.

56. Two thousand feet northeast of Hunt-Kaufman County 

corner, 1,000 feet east by south of road, Hunt County, 

Tex.

57. Dallas road 2.5 miles northeast of Royse City, Rockwall 

County, Tex. L. W. Stephenson and W. P. Popenoe.

58. Basal. Clay below glauconitic marl. Gullies east of road 

4% miles west of Kaufman on road to Crandall, Kaufman County, Tex. C. H. Dane.

59. U. S, Highway 175, 3.8 miles west of the courthouse at Kaufman, Kaufman County, Tex. From zone of Placenticeras bearing concretions, 30 feet above the level of 

Big Creek bottom. L. W. Stephenson.

60. On south side of U. S. Highway 80, 2 feet above pavement, 

12.5 miles east of Dallas-Kaufman County line and 0.6 

mile east of Lawrence, Kaufman County, Tex. C. G> 

Lalicker. No. 43.

61. At contact with Taylor marl in ditch on south side of U.S. 

Highway 80, 3 feet below pavement, 10.3 miles east of 

Dallas-Kaufman County line, Kaufman County, Tex. 

C. G. Lalicker. No. 41.

62. Roadside ditch north of Forney-Terrell road 7.3 miles east 

of Forney, Kaufman County, Tex. C. I. Alexander. 

No. 2469.

63. Basal. Two and ^ one-tenth miles southeast of Drane on 

road to Corbet, Navarro County, Tex. L. W. Stephenson.

04. Corsicana road 2% miles north of Corbet, Navarro County, 

Tex. L. W. Stephenson.

65. Drane road 2.2 miles (air line) northwest of Corbet on 

north-facing slope of Briar Creek Valley, Navarro 

County, Tex.

66. 2.1 miles southeast.of Drane on road to Corbet, Navarro 

County, Tex. (30 feet higher than locality 68). C. H. 

Dane. -

67. 2.1 miles southeast of Drane on road to Corbet, Navarro 

County, Tex. (2 feet higher than locality 66). C. H. 

Dane.

68. 2.1 miles southeast of Drane on road to Corbet, Navarro 

County, Tex. C. H. Dane.

69. Roadside ditch south of dirt road 5.4 miles west of Navarro 

Hotel, Corsicana, Navarro County, Tex. C. I. Alexander. No. 2484. 

ARKADELPHIA MARL.

70. Near base. Seven miles north by west of Hope, Hempstead County, Ark. U.S.G.S. 13411.

- 71. Small branch east of the Nashville road 4% miles (air line) 

northwest of Hope, Hempstead County, Ark. L. W. 

Stephenson.

 72. Branch east of road % mile north by west of Reed's store 

(SWy± sec. 29, T. 11 S., R. 24 W.), 6 miles north by 

west of Hope, Hempstead County, Ark.* L. W. Stephenson.

73. Lower part. 4.5 miles east of Washington in creek % mile 

north of Reed's store, Hempstead County, Ark. U.S. 

G.S. 8211. 

NACATOCH SAND.

74. Arkadelphia, Clark County, Ark. L. W. Stephenson.

75. 200 yards north of hotel at Washington, Hempstead County, 

Ark. U.S.G.S. 5435.

76. Cyrus Heller's marl bed, Beebe, White County, Ark. U.S. 

G.S. 976.

77. Clay from a well known as "Nursery well," owned by George 

P. Murrell, Cabot, Lonoke County, Ark. A. F. Crider. 

U.S.G.S. 8293. 

SARATOGA CHALK.

78. Big Decipher Creek on road to Okalona 5 miles southwest 

of Arkadelphia, Clark County, Ark. U.S.G.S. 7460.

79. Saratoga, Howard County, Ark. N. L. Thomas.

80. Upper part. Saratoga road 2V£ miles west of Columbus, 

Hempstead County, Ark. U.S.G.S. 9728.

81. 3% miles northwest of Washington, Hempstead County, 

Ark. U.S.G.S. 7480. .

82. 2 miles north of Washington, Hempstead County, Ark.

U.S.G.S. 5433. 

OWL CREEK FORMATION.

83. On Owl Creek ZVz miles northeast of Ripley, Tippah County,

Miss. H. J. Plummer. 

PRAIRIE BLUFF CHALK.

84. 17 feet down north-facing slope of Cane Creek Valley in 

sec. 10, T, 15 S., R. 3 E., 1.3 miles north by east of 

Sparta, Chickasaw County, Miss. W. H. Monroe.

85. In a shallow gully west of road near foot of large hackberry 

tree about 10 feet below top of chalk in nearby road 

cut, Houston road 1.4 miles north by east of Sparta, 

Chickasaw County, Miss. L. W. Stephenson and W. H. 

Monroe. U.S.G.S. 17235.

86. In road cut on Houston road about 8 feet below top of section, 7.4 miles north by east of Sparta, Chickasaw County, Miss. L. W. Stephenson and W. H. Monroe.

87. Chalklike rock 1% miles south of Houston, Chickasaw 

County, Miss. L. W. Stephenson.

88. 4 feet above base of formation, cut in U. S. Highway 45, 0.6 

mile south of Running Water Creek and 5 miles south 

of Noxubee River Bridge at Macon, Noxubee County, 

Miss. L. W. Stephenson and W. H. Monroe. 

RIPLEY FORMATION.

89. Coon Creek tongue. Cut of Southern Railway % mile 

southeast of the Tennessee State line and % mile northwest of Wenasoga, Alcorn County, Miss. L. W. Stephenson and W. H. Monroe. U.S.G.S. 17234.

90. Two and one-half miles east of Pontotoc, Pontotoc County,

Miss. G. W. Ponton. 

SELMA CHALK (UPPER PART).

91. Gully near public road 3% miles northwest of Booneville, 

Prentiss County, Miss. L. W. Stephenson. U.S.G.S. 

9505.

92. Alpina road 2 miles south of Graham, Union County, Miss.

L. W. Stephenson. U.S.G.S. 9507. 

RIPLEY FORMATION.

93. Coon Creek tongue. At road level 1.7 miles west of Camden,
UPPER CRETACEOUS FORAMINIFERA OF GULF COASTAL REGION

Benton County, Tenn. I. G. Reimann.

94. New Corinth Highway 13% miles south of Selmer, McNairy 

County, Tenn. I. G. Reimann.

95. Blue cut on Mobile and Ohio Railroad at State line, 

McNairy County, Tenn. I. G. Reimann.

96. 1% miles west of Sardis on Sardis^Henderson road, Henderson County, Tenn. I. G. Reimann.

97. Coon Creek tongue. -Dave Weeks place on Coon Creek, 

Vs mile east of main Hendersonville-Adamsville road, 

3% miles south of Enville, and 7% miles north of 

Adamsville, McNairy County, Tenn. 

SELMA CHALK (UPPER PART).

98. One-half mile west of Guys, McNairy County, Tenn. I. G.

Reimann. 

PRAIRIE BLUFF CHALK.

99. Old Canton Landing on Alabama River % mile downstream 

from landing, Wilcox County, Ala. (5-6 feet below 

Cretaceous-Eocene contact). L. W. Stephenson and 

W. H. Monroe.

100. Old Canton Landing, Wilcox County, Alabama River, Ala. 

U.S.G.S. 6439.

101. U.S. Highway 80, 2.4 miles east-southeast of Southern Railway underpass at Livingston, Sumter County, Ala. 

L. W. Stephenson and W. H. Monroe.

102. U.S. Highway 80, 0.35 mile east of Southern Railway underpass at Livingston, Sumter County, Ala. L. W. Stephenson and W. H. Monroe.

103. Moscow Landing on the Tombigbee River, Sumter County,

Ala. U.S.G.S. 6438. 

SELMA CHALK (UPPER PART).

104. Bartons Bluff on the Tombigbee River, Marengo County, 

Ala. U.S.G.S. 6437.

TAYLOR AGE

TAYLOR MARL (UPPER PART).

105. Rugby road 1.9 miles east of Deport, Red River County, 

Tex. L. W. Stephenson.

106. Lower part. Branch of Kickapoo Creek 1,200 feet south 

of public road and 1.8 miles northwest of Annona, Red 

River County, Tex. C. H. Dane.

107. Lower part. Gully north of road west of iron bridge over 

branch of Kickapoo Creek 1.9 miles northwest of 

Annona, Red River County, Tex. L. W. Stephenson.

108. Lower part. Paris Highway 1.8 miles east of Deport on 

west-facing slope of Mustang Creek Valley, Red River 

County, Tex. L. W. Stephenson.

109. Lower part. South-flowing branch of Scatter Creek 3.5 

miles southwest of Clarksville and 2.1 miles east of 

McCoy, Red River County, Tex. L. W. Stephenson.

110. Basal part. Milton road on west-facing slope of a branch 

. valley 1 mile west of Deport, Lamar County, Tex. 

L. W. Stephenson.

111. Lower part. Deport road 0.3 mile east of Milton, Lamar 

County, Tex. L. W. Stephenson."

112. Lower part. Mulberry Creek 1,100 feet south of road 

crossing and % mile south of Milton, Lamar County, 

Tex. L. W. Stephenson. . 113. North fork of Sulphur Creek % mile south of Gober, Fannin 

County, Tex. U. S. G. S. 9566:

114. Lower part. Paris-Greenville Highway % mile south of 

north fork of Sulphur River, Delta County, Tex. 

L. W. Stephenson.

115. Dallas road 4.3 miles southwest of Greenville, Hunt County, 

Tex. L. W. Stephenson and W. P. Popenoe.

116. Greenville road 7 miles south by west of Wolfe City, Hunt 

County, Tex. L. W. Stephenson.

117. U. S. Highway 67 at underpass of Missouri-Kansas-Texas 

Railroad 2.2 miles (air line) southwest of the courthouse at Greenville, Hunt County, Tex.

118. 2 miles north of Nevada, Collin County, Tex. L. W. Stephenson.

119. 1.2 miles southeast of Farmersville on road to Josephine, 

Collin County, Tex. C. H. Dane.

120. 1.2 miles southeast of Farmersville on road to Josephine, 

Collin County, Tex. L. W. Stephenson.

121. 5.1 miles from Josephine along highway to Nevada and 

about 2 miles north 15° east from Nevada, Collin 

County, Tex. C. H. Dane.

122. Ditch 3.9 miles east of Farmersville on Greenville road, 

Collin County, Tex. C. I. Alexander. No. 2467.

123. 2% miles east of Rockwall, Rockwall County, Tex. U.S.- 

G.S. 9724.

124. Chalky shale 2.1 miles from Forney, Kaufman County, on 

road to Heath, Rockwall County, Tex. C. H. Dane.

125. 7.5 miles from Terrell on road to Crandall, Kaufman 

County, Tex. C. H. Dane.

126. East of Crandall and 2.7 miles (by road) northwest of 

Gastonia, Kaufman^ County, Tex. J. A. Cushman and 

J. A. Waters.

127. 0.3 mile (by road) southeast of Gastonia, Kaufman County, 

Tex. J. A. Cushman and J. A. Waters.

128. Road cuts just east of small station of Gastonia, on Southern 

Pacific Railroad, 6.15 miles from Kaufman on road to 

Crandall, Kaufman County, Tex. C. H. Dane.

129. Ditch on north side of road 4.9 miles east of Forney on 

Forney-Terrell Highway, Kaufman County, Tex. C. I. 

Alexander. No. 2468.

130. Ditch 5 feet below pavement on north side of U.S. Highway 80, 6.5 miles east of Dallas-Kaufman County line, 

Kaufman County, Tex. C. G. Lalicker. No. 38.

131. Ditch 5 feet below pavement on north side of U.S. High-, 

way 80, 8.7 miles east of Dallas-Kaufman County line, 

Kaufman County, Tex. C. G. Lalicker. No. 39.

132. 2.6 miles east of Barry on road to Corsicana, Navarro 

County, Tex. C. H. Dane.

133. 2.6 miles east of Barry on road to Corsicana, Navarro

County, Tex. L. W. Stephenson.

. 134. 1.4 miles north of Emhouse on road toward Ennis, Navarro 

County, Tex. C. H. Dane.

135. 20 feet above top of Pecan Gap chalk member of Taylor 

marl. Waco road 1 mile west-southwest of Prairie Hill, 

Limestone County, Tex. L. W. Stephenson.

136. 20 feet above Pecan Gap chalk. Ditch on north side of 

road 1.9 miles west-southwest of Prairie Hill, Limestone 

County, Tex. J. A. Cushman and N. L. Thomas. 

No. 23.

137. 10 feet above top of Pecan Gap chalk member of Taylor. 

Cooledge road 1^4 miles east-northeast of Delia, Limestone County, Tex. L. W. Stephenson.

138. Marquez salt dome, Leon County, Tex. J. A. Waters.

139. Road ditch 1.8 miles north 20° west of San Gabriel, Milam 

County, Tex. L. W. Stephenson.

140. Brushy Creek 2.3 miles west by north, of Coupland, Williamson County, Tex. L. W. Stephenson.

141. 12 feet below bentonite, Brushy Creek 2.3 miles west by 

. north of Coupland, Williamson County, Tex. L. W. 

Stephenson and P. W. Popenoe.

142. From cre'St of north-facing slope of Mustang Creek, public 

road 5 miles southeast of Taylor and 1.1 miles southeast 

of bridge over Mustang Creek, Williamson County, 

Tex. L. W. Stephenson and W. P. Popenoe.

143. Road ditch, Mustang Creek Valley just south of Taylor, 

Williamson County, Tex. U.S.G.S. 12894.

144. North-facing slope of Mustang Creek Valley on the Elgin 

road % mile south of Taylor, Williamson County, Tex. 

L. W. Stephenson and W. P. Popenoe.

145. Bluff of creek 200 feet southeast of concrete bridge where 

Pierce's lane crosses stream, southeast of Delvalle, 

Travis County, Tex. C. I. Alexander.

146. Gully in west-facing slope of Cottonwood Creek Valley 

% mile west, of Kimbro and 2 miles south of Manda, 

Travis County, Tex. L. W. Stephenson.

147. High, steep 100-foot bank on south side of Oryon Creek 

about % mile upstream from the bridge at Moores 

Crossing southeast -of Austin, Travis County, Tex. 

H. J. Plummer.

148. Right bank of Onion Creek near bridge at Moores and 

Berrys Crossing, 8% miles (air line) southeast of Capitol 

at Austin, Travis County, Tex.

149. From 13% to 15 feet above water level, left bank of Onion 

Creek, just above road crossing 0.75 mile south-southeast of Delvalle, Travis County, Tex. L. W. Stephenson and H. B. Stenzel.

150. Bank of a small branch in a field % mile east of San 

Marcos-Staples road and 2% miles south of courthouse 

at San Marcos, Hays County, Tex. L. W. Stephenson.

151. Gully south of New Braunfels-Clear Springs road 4 miles 

southeast of New Braunfels, Guadalupe County, Tex. 

L. W. Stephenson.

152. Ditch on second-class road leading down Saltillo Creek 

Valley 3% miles (air line) southeast of Converse, Bexar 

County, Tex. L. W. Stephenson.

153. Bluff on Salado Creek 3% miles east of Alamo Heights, 

Bexar County, Tex. U.S.G.S 7649.
LIST OF LOCALITIES

154. Road cut 5.3 miles west of intersection of Medina Lake 

road and Larzamora Avenue, San Antonio, Bexar 

County. Tex. C. I. Alexander. No. 2426.

155. Castroville road 2.8 miles east of Medina County line and 

17 miles east of San Antonio, Bexar County, Tex. 

L. W. Stephenson.

156. Potranca Creek 0.75 mile south of Castroville road, Bexar 

County, Tex. L. W. Stephenson.

157. 12 feet below base of Exogyra-Gryphaea bed. San Antonio 

road 6 miles east of Castroville, Bexar County, Tex. 

L. W. Stephenson.

158. Gully in west-facing slope of Medio Creek Valley below 

second-class road ^ mile north of Castroville road, 

Bexar County, Tex. L. W. Stephenson.

159. Castroville road 0.35 mile east of Medio Creek Bridge, 

Bexar County, Tex. L. W. Stephenson.

160. 5 or 6 feet below base of Exogyra-Gryphaea zone. East 

bank of Medio Creek 0.85 mile below crossing of Castroville road, Bexar Count}', Tex. L. W. Stephenson.

161. Ditch of Seguin road, east facing slope of Martinez Creek, 

Bexar County, Tex. L. W. Stephenson.

162. Cut in Seguin road, west facing slope of Salado Creek 

Valley about 4.2 miles (air line) east-northeast of Alamo 

Plaza, San Antonio, Bexar County, Tex. L. W..Stephenson.

163. Second-class road south of Potranca road 2.3 miles southeast of junction with Culebra road, Bexar County, Tex. 

L. W. Stephenson. 

ANACACHO LIMESTONE.

164. Upper part. Bed of Salado Creek about 3Vi miles east by 

north of Alamo Heights, and 1 mile below crossing of 

Austin road, Bexar County, Tex. L. W. Stephenson. 

U.S.G.S. 7650. 

PECAN GAP CHALK MEMBER OF TAYLOR MARL.

165. Type locality. Railroad cut % mile east of Pecan Gap, 

Delta County, Tex. J. A. Cushman and J. A. Waters. 

No. 32. (About 6 feet above locality 166.)

166. Type locality. Railroad cut Vj mile east of Pecan Gap, 

Delta County, Tex. J. A. Cushman and J. A. Waters. 

No. 31.

167. Type locality. Pecan Gap, Delta County, Tex. N. L. 

Thomas.

168. Greenville road 5.1 miles south by west of Wolfe City, 

Hunt County, Tex. L. W. Stephenson.

169. In road ditches 1.35 miles north from Lavon on road to 

Farmersville. Collin County, Tex. L. W. Stephenson.

170. Cut in Gulf Colorado & Santa Fe Railway at north edge 

of Farmersville, Collin County, Tex. U.S.G.S. 12912.

171. Quarry 1 mile southeast of Farmersville, Collin County, 

Tex. L. W. Stephenson.

172. Abandoned quarry 1 mile east of Farmersville, on Farmers- « ville-Greenville road, Collin County, Tex. C. I. Alexander. No. 2466.

173. Road ditch on north side of Forney-Mesquite road 0.7 mile 

west of Forney, Kaufman County, Tex. C. I. Alexander. No. 2455.

174. 2.1 miles north of Forney on road to Heath, Kaufman 

County, Tex. L. W. Stephenson.

175. Basal. On road to Lavon, Collin County, 0.75 mile W. of 

secondary road and 0.75 mile north of Rockwall, Rockwall County, Tex. C. H. Dane.

176. Roadside ditch 1.8 miles by road east-northeast of the 

courthouse in Rockwall, on the old Greenville-Dallas 

highway, Rockwall County, Tex. H. J. Plummer.

177. On secondary road to Otto at crossing of "Big Creek," 3.2 

miles southwest of Mart, McLennjm County, Tex. 

C. H. Dane.

178. Road ditch 3.5 miles (air line) south-southwest of Lott, 

Falls County, Tex. L. W. Stephenson.

179. Falls of the Brazos, Falls County, Tex. 

WOLFE CITY SAND MEMBER OF TAYLOR MARL.

180. One and two-tenths miles north of Lavon on road to Farmersville, Collin County, Tex. C. H. Dane.

181. Basal. McKinney road 3 miles west of Farmersville, 

Collin County, Tex. L. W. Stephenson.

182. Small quarry on north road about 2 miles west of Farmersville, off main road from Farmersville, Collin County, 

Tex. J. A. Cushman and J. A. Waters. Nos. 28, 29.

183. Basal. In contact with Taylor clay below, roadside ditch 

north of McKinney-Farmersville road 13.85 miles east 

of Houston & Texas Central R,ailroad tracks in McKinney, Collin County, Tex. C. I. Alexander. No. 2465.

184. Greenville road 4.8 miles south by west of Wolfe City, 

Hunt County, Tex. L. W. Stephenson.

185. Ditch east of Wolfe City-Greenville Highway 0.5 mile 

south of South Fork of Sulphur River and 4.3 miles 

south of Wolfe City, Hunt County, Tex.. C. I. Alexander. No. 24130.

186. Road ditch on west side of road 1 mile out of Wolfe City 

on road to Pecan Gap, Hunt County, Tex. J. A. Cushman and J. A. Waters. No. 30.

IS". Roadside ditch south of Hillsboro-Corsicana road 24.1 miles 

east of Hillsboro, Navarro County, Tex. C. I. Alexander. No. 2473.

188. Middle or upper part. 3 miles west of Barry, Navarro

County, Tex. L. W. Stephenson. 

ANNONA CHALK.

ISSa. Type location of Annona chalk. Two miles northwest of 

Annona, Red River County, Tex.

ISO. Spring near edge of hills 1.5 miles northwest of Green Hill 

School and 10 miles north by east of DeKalb, Bowie 

County, Tex. L. W. Stephensou.

190. 10 miles west by south of DeKalb, Bowie County, Tex. 

(From its locality on the map of Texas this would seem 

to be Navarro, but the fauna is rather definitely Annona. 

Some error may have been made in labels).

191. Lower part. Blue brittle chalky facies. White Rock, Red 

River County, Tex. L. W. Stephenson.

192. Basal. Ditch north of Paris-Clarksville Highway 5.45 miles 

southeast of Bagwell and 3.1 miles west of Clarksville, 

Red River County, Tex. C. I. Alexander. No. 24114.

193. Chalky marl layer in branch 2% miles northwest of Clarksville, Red River County, Tex. L. W. Stephenson.

194. Near middle. Bank of branch west of Madras road 2.2 

miles northeast of Clarksville, Red River County, Tex. 

L. W. Stephenson.

195. Upper part. Youngs Creek O.S mile below Texarkana road 

and 4 miles east of Clarksville, Red River County, 

Tex. L. W. Stephenson.

196. Upper part. In creek south of Texarkana road 6.5 miles 

east of Clarksville, Red River County, Tex. L. W. 

Stephenson. U.S.Cy.S. 13559. 

197. Upper part. Four miles east of Clarksville, Red River 

County, Tex. U.S.G.S. 5437.

198. 0.75 mile north toward White Rock from ClarksvilleTexarkana highway at a point 6.95 miles east of Clarksville, Red River County, Tex. C. I. Alexander. No. 

24115. 

TAYLOR MARL (LOWER PART).

199. U.S. Highway 82, 2.8 miles south-southeast of Bagwell Station, Red River County, Tex. L. W. Stephenson.

200. Cooper road 6 miles south of Paris, ,Lamar County, Tex. 

L. W. Stephenson.

201. Ditch southeast of Commerce-Paris Highway 6 miles south 

of Texas and Pacific Railway Station in Paris, Lamar 

County, and 9.3 miles north of Lake City, Delta County, 

Tex. C. I. Alexander. No. 24109.

202. Ditch east of Commerce-Paris Highway 6.9 miles north of 

Lake City and 8.4 miles south of Paris, Lamar County, 

Tex. C. I. Alexander. No. 24108.

203. Wolfe City road 2.5 miles south of Gober, Fannin County, 

Tex. U.S.G.S. 9566.

204. North fork of Sulphur Creek 2 to 3 miles southeast of 

Gober, Fannin County, Tex. U.S.G.S. 9563.

205. Just below Wolfe City sand member. Ditch on left of 

Honey Grove-Ladonia Highway 0.6 mile south of Sulphur River, 1.7 miles north of Ladonia, 2.4 miles south 

of Bagby, and 10.8 miles south of Honey Grove, Fannin 

County, Tex. C. I. Alexander. No". 24128.

206. Road cut, east bank, near crest of hill, 0.9 mile north of 

Lake City, Delta County, and 14.4 miles south of Paris, 

Lamar County, Tex. C. I. Alexander. No. 24107.

207. Bear Creek 0.8 mile south by east of Lavon, Collin County,

Tex. L. W. Stephenson.

- 208. Farmersville road 4.9 miles east of McKinney, Collin 

County, Tex. L. W. Stephenson and W. P. Popenoe.

209. Basal. Farmersville road 5 miles east of McKinney, Collin 

County, Tex. L. W. Stephenson.

210. Branch north of Farmersville road 6.1 miles east of 

McKinney, Collin County, Tex. L. W. Stephenson.

211. Ditch south of McKinney-Farmersville road 7.2 miles east 

of Houston and Texas Central Railroad tracks in 

McKinney, Collin County, Tex. C. I. Alexander. 

No. 2463.

212. Ditch on south side of road 7.7 miles east.from McKinney 

on road to Farmersville, Collin County, Tex. J. A. 

Cushman and J. A. Waters. No. 24.
UPPER CRETACEOUS FORAMINIFERA OF GULF COASTAL REGION

213. Farmersville road 8 miles east of McKinney, Collin County, 

Tex. L. W. Stephenson.

214. Ditch on north side of road 9.5 miles east of McKinney 

Courthouse on Farmersville road, Collin County, Tex. 

J. A. Cushman and J. A. Waters. No. 25.

215. North side of road 14 miles east of McKinney Courthouse 

on Farmersville road, Collin County, Tex. J. A. Cushman and J. A. Waters. No. 26. .

216. Basal. Just above Austin-Taylor contact. Northeast 

corner of "Y" intersection 0.3 mile north of intersection of U.S. Highway 80 and Buckner Boulevard, 2 feet 

below pavement, east of Dallas, Dallas County, Tex. 

C. G. Lalicker. No. 29.

217. Basal. Just above Austin-Taylor contact. East side of 

Buckner Boulevard, 2 feet below pavement, 0.1 mile 

north of intersection of U.S. Highway 80 and Buckner 

Boulevard near Buckner Orphans Home, east of Dallas, 

Dallas County, Tex. C. G. Lalicker. No. 28.

218. Basal. Terrell road 2 miles east of Buckner Orphans Home, 

east of Dallas, Dallas County, Tex. J. A. Cushman 

and J. A. Waters.

219. South side of U.S. Highway 80, 2 feet below pavement, 2.2 

miles east of Buckner Orphans Home, east of Dallas, 

Dallas County, Tex. C. G. Lalicker. No. 30.

220. Ditch on north side of U.S. Highway 80, 8 feet below paArement, 3.5 miles east of Buckner Orphans Home, east of 

Dallas, Dallas County, Tex. C. G. Lalicker. No. 31.

221. Five feet below pavement, south side of U.S. Highway 80, 

5.6 miles east of Buckner Orphans Home, east of Dallas, 

Dallas County, Tex. C. G. Lalicker. No. 32. ,

222. North side of U.S. Highway 80, 5 feet below pavement, 7.7 

miles east of Buckner Orphans Home and 200 feet 

northwest of intersection of U.S. Highway 80 and Texas 

State Highway 183 east of Dallas, Dallas County, Tex. 

C. G. Lalicker. No. 33.

223. Ditch on south side of U.S. Highway 80, 3 feet below pavement, 9.4 miles east of Buckner Orphans Home, east of 

Dallas, Dallas County, Tex. C. G. Lalicker. No. 34.

224. Within 20 feet of base. At subway under Missouri-KansasTexas Railroad, Dallas road 1.5 miles east of Garland, 

Dallas County, Tex. L. W. Stephenson and W. P. 

Popenoe.

225. At base. Dallas-Corsicana road 0.6 mile north of Wilmer, 

Dallas County, Tex. L. W. Stephenson and W. P. 

Popenoe.

226. Clay pit of Dallas Brick Co., % mile west of Mesquite, 

Dallas County, Tex. H. J. Plummer.

227. Basal. Branch of Prairie Creek just north of east-west 

road 1.15 miles east of Pleasant Grove and 3.2 miles 

north-northwest of Rylie, Dallas County, Tex. L. W. 

Stephenson. From 1 foot above a thin limestone lens.

228. Ditch on south side of U.S. Highway 80, 5 feet below pavement, 3 miles east of Dallas-Kaufman County line, 

Kaufman County, Tex. C. G. Lalicker. No. 36.

229. Ditch on south side of U.S. Highway 80, 3 feet below pavement, 1.7 miles east of Dallas-Kaufman County line, 

Kaufman County, Tex. C. G. Lalicker. No. 35.

230. Ferris clay pit, Ferris, Ellis County, Tex.

231. Clay pit at Palmer, Ellis County, Tex. J. A. Cushman and 

J. A. Waters.

232. 1 mile north of Palmer, Ellis County, Tex. U.S.G.S. 12900.

233. 2.3 miles by road north of Palmer, Ellis County, Tex. 

J. A. Cushman and J. A. Waters.

234. Upper part. One and nine-tenths miles east of Bristol, 

Ellis County, Tex., on road to State rock ferry on 

Trinity River. C. H. Dane.

235. Below Wolfe City sand member. Ditch south of highway 

from Ennis to Waxahachie (not the regular EnnisWaxahachie Highway) 4.25 miles west of Ennis, Ellis 

County, Tex. C. I. Alexander. No. 2480.

236. Road ditch, south of Hillsboro-Corsicatia road, at turn 20.3 

miles east of Hillsboro, Navarro County, Tex. C. I. 

Alexander. No.-2472.

237. Bank of small stream about 45 feet north of HillsboroCorsicana road 14.2 miles east of Hillsboro, Hill County, 

Tex. C. I. Alexander. No. 2470.

238. North Flat Creek, left bank, 350 feet east of the new U.S. 

Highway 81 about 5 miles south of Waco, McLennan 

County, Tex. L. W. Stephenson.

239i About 2 feet above phosphate layer at base of Taylor marl. 

North Flat Creek 1,500 feet west of new U.S. 'Highway 

81 about 5 miles south of Waco, McLennan County, 

Tex. L. W. Stephenson.

240. Basal. Branch of creek 1% miles southeast of Lorena, 

McLennan County, Tex. L. W. Stephenson.

241. Road ditch on north-facing slope of Bullhide Creek Valley 

5% miles east by south of Lorena, McLennan County, 

Tex. L. W, Stephenson.

242. Chilton road 10 miles south-southeast of Waco, McLennan 

County, Tex. L. W. Stephenson.

243. Main Chilton road 14 miles south by east of Waco, McLennan County, Tex. L. W. Stephenson.

244. 2V2 feet above base. A small branch west of Mooreville 

road 1% miles east-southeast of Eddy, Falls County, 

Tex. L. W. Stephenson.

245. On road to Little River and Temple 3 miles west of Rogers, 

Bell County, Tex. C. H. Dane.

246. Near base. Bluff on'San Gabriel River 1 mile below Jonah, 

Williamson County, Tex. L. W. Stephenson and W. P. 

Popenoe.

247. Bluff on Walnut Creek 1% miles below Sprinkle road crossing, Travis County, Tex. U.S.G.S. 7583.

248. Ditch on Austin-Manor road 0.2 mile east of Big Walnut 

Creek and 5.8 miles west by south of Manor, Travis 

County, Tex. U.S.G.S. 12893.

249. About 7 feet above top of Burditt marl. Little Walnut 

Creek, 13-foot bank about 0.2 mile below the Manor 

road crossing (State Highway 20), 4% miles east-northeast of the Capitol at Austin, Travis County, Tex. 

L. W. Stephenson.

250. Blue Bluff, on Colorado River at Hornsbys Bend, Travis 

County, Tex. L. W. Stephenson.

251. Right bank of Guadalupe River, a few hundred yards 

above the International-Great Northern Railroad bridge, 

1 mile east of New Braunfels, Comal County, Tex. 

L. W. Stephenson. U.S.G.S. 7625. 

MARLBROOK MARL.

252. Railroad cut % mile north of Okolona, Clark County, Ark. 

H. J. Plummer.

OZAN FORMATIOiST .

253. 2 miles south of Ben Lomond, Sevier County, Ark. U.S.G.S. 

12885.

254. White Cliffs, Little River County, Ark. U.S.G.S. 7490,

7488, 13501. 

SELMA CHALK (MIDDLE PART) OF UPPER TAYLOR ACE.

255. Jim Wilkin's property, 300 yards northwest of Union Church,

Hardin County, Tenn. I. G. Reimann. 

SELMA CHALK (MIDDLE PART) OF PECAN GAP AGE.

256. Upper end of bluff on Tombigbee River, Demopolis,

Marengo County, Ala. U.S.G.S. 6435. 

SELMA CHALK (MIDDLE PART) OF UPPER TAYLOR AGE.

257. Bridge near cemetery, Corinth, Alcorn County, Miss. I. G. 

Reimann.

258. Just above Coffee sand. Illinois Central Railroad cut 1%. 

miles southeast of Southern Railway crossing, Corinth, 

Alcorn County, Miss. L. W. Stephenson. U.S.G.S. 

9496.

259. 10% miles south of Corinth, Alcorn County, Miss. G. M. 

Ponton. No. S-513.

260. 1 mile east of Booneville, Prentiss County, Miss. G. M. 

Ponton. No. S-515.

261. Just above Coffee sand. About 16 feet above track level, 

cut of Mobile and Ohio Railroad, % mile south of 

station, * Booneville, Prentiss County, Miss. L. W. 

Stephenson. U.S.G.S. 9504.

262. 10 miles east of Blue Springs, Union County, Miss. G. M. 

Ponton. No. S-516.

263. Tupelo tongue of Coffee sand. One mile east of Tupelo, 

Lee County, Miss. G. M. Ponton. No. S-522.

264. 1 mile west of Tupelo, Lee County, Miss. G. M. Ponton. 

No. S-518.

265. 2 miles west of Guntown, Lee County, Miss. G. M. Ponton. No. S-519.

266. 7% miles east of Blue Springs, Lee County, Miss. G. M. 

Ponton. No. S-514.

267. 11% miles east of Blue Springs, Lee County, Miss. G. M.

Ponton. No. S-517. 

SELMA CHALK (MIDDLE PART) OF LOWER TAYLOR AGE.

268. Mooreville tongue. From bed of gully 40 feet below top of 

hill on Fulton road % mile west of Mooreville, Lee 

County, Miss. L. W. Stephenson. U.S.G.S. 9520.
LIST OF LOCALITIES

AUSTIN AGE

BUHDITT MARL (OF ADKINS).

269. Zone of Exogyra tigrina. Little Elm Creek 1 mile below 

the Missouri-Kansas-Texas Railroad bridge, 2.7 miles 

northeast of the public square at Temple, Bell County, 

Tex. L. W. Stephenson.

270. Near top. Little Walnut Creek, right bank, % mile below 

the old Sprinkle road bridge (iron, now abandoned), 

5*4 miles northeast of the Capitol at Austin, Travis 

County, Tex. L. W. Stephenson.

271. 5 feet above Exogyra Ligrina layer. Little Walnut Creek, 

left bank, 1,200 feet downstream from the old Sprinkle 

road bridge (iron, now abandoned), 5V6 miles northeast 

of the Capitol at Austin, Travis County, Tex. L. W. 

Stephenson.

CiOUKU TONGUE OF AUSTIN CHALK.

272. Upper part. Quarry in small branch on the edge of the 

town of Gober, Fannin County, Tex. L. W. Stephenson.

273. Upper part. Taken 1 foot below the top of the Gober 

chalk. Rock quarry 0.4 mile northwest of the stores at 

Gober, Fannin County, Tex. L. W. Stephenson.

274. Taken 12 feet below the top of the Gober chalk. Rock 

quarry 0.4 mile northwest of the stores at Gober, Fannin 

County, Tex. L. W. Stephenson.

275. Upper part. \Vest bank of Moss Creek about 150 yards 

south of bridge on Honey Grove-Ladonia Highway 4.7 

miles south of Honey Grove, Fannin County, Tex. 

C. I. Alexander. No. 24126.

276. Lower part. Bonham road 0.8 mile north >of Randolph, 

Fannin County, Tex. L. W. Stephenson and W. P. 

Popenoe.

277. Middle part. Randolph road 4 miles north of Leonard, 

Fannin County, Tex. L. W. Stephenson and W. P. 

Popenoe.

278. Near middle. Public road just east of its junction with 

U.S. Highway 69, in east-facing slope 1 mile east of 

Trenton, Fannin County, Tex. L. W. Stephenson.

279. Bonham road 0.6 mile west of Windom, Fannin County, 

Tex. L. W. Stephenson and W. P. Popenoe.

280. Public road south of railroad 3% miles northwest of Bailey, 

Fannin County, Tex. L. W. Stephenson and W. P. 

Popenoe.

281. Near top. Small branch 0.2 mile south of St. Louis Southwestern Railway, 0.3 mile southeast of Bailey, Fannin 

County, Tex. L. W. Stephenson.

282. Lower part. Clay marl on Bonham road 2.3 miles west of 

Petty, Lamar County, Tex. L. W. Stephenson and 

W. P. Popenoe.

283. Middle part. Ditch north of Paris-Bonham Highway 3.9 

miles east of Honey Grove and 2.2 miles west of Petty, 

Lamar County, Tex. C. I. Alexander. No. 24122.

284. Lower part. East bank of small stream at north end of 

concrete culvert 2.8 miles west of High and 1.1 miles 

east of Petty, on Paris-Bonham Highway, Lamar 

County, Tex. C. I. Alexander. No. 24121.

285. Ditch south of Greenville-Paris Highway 10.15 miles north 

of Lake City and 5.15 miles south of Paris, Lamar 

County, Tex. C. I. Alexander. No. 24110.

286. North-facing scarp on road to High 3 miles south of main 

highway from Sherman to Paris, Lamar County, Tex. 

J. A. Cushman and J. A. Waters. No. 33.

287. Lower part. Railroad cut 0.8 mile west of the town of High 

on Paris-Bonham highway, Lamar County, Tex. C. I. 

Alexander. No. 24120.

288. Lower part. Cut on Texas and Pacific Railway 2.2 miles 

west of High, Lamar County, Tex. L. W. Stephenson 

and W. P. Popenoe. 

AUSTIN CHALK.

289. Taken 5 to 6 feet above the Inoceramus undulato-plicatus 

zone. Small east-flowing creek 150 feet west of U.S. 

Highway 69, 0.7 mile northwest of the business center of 

Whitewright, Grayson County, Tex. L.'W. Stephenson.

290. Chalk on road 0.7 mile north of Whitewright, north-facing 

slope of branch valley, Grayson County, Tex.

291. From the Inoceramus undulaLo-plicatus zone. Small eastflowing creek 150 feet west of U.S. Highway 69, 0.7 mile 

northwest of the business center of Whitewright, Grayson County, Tex. L. W. Stephenson.

292. Upper part. Ditch 1.4 miles north of Melissa on ShermanMcKinney Highway, Collin County, Tex. C. I. Alexander. No. 2411.

293. Upper part. Road cut 1.5 miles south of Anna on ShermanDallas highway, Collin County, Tex. C. I. Alexander. 

No. 2412.

294. Upper part. Road cut 3.7 miles east of Southern Railway 

(Houston and Texas Central) tracks in McKinney, on 

McKinney-Farmersville road, Collin County, Tex. C. I. 

Alexander. No. 2421.

295. Upper part. West side of road 3.4 miles toward Farmersville from McKinney Courthouse, Collin County, Tex. 

J. A. Cushman and J. A. Waters. No. 22.

295a. Upper part. Public road 6.5 miles east by north of Alien, 

Collin County, Tex.

296. West side of Haines Avenue 200 feet south of Colorado 

Boulevard, 5 feet above road and below massive limestone, Dallas (west ctf Trinity River), Dallas County, 

Tex. C. G. Lalicker. No. 11.

297. Bluff facing Trinity River, east side of Missouri-KansasTexas Railroad tracks 400 feet northwest of the end of 

Randall Street, 4 feet above tracks on the east side of 

Trinity River, Dallas, Dallas County, Tex. C. G. 

Lalicker. No. 12.

298. West side of Maple Avenue 60 feet north of west end of 

Missouri-Kansas-Texas Railroad underpass, 3 feet above 

sidewalk, Dallas, Dallas County, Tex. C. G. Lalicker. 

No. 13.

299. Five feet above pavement, northeast corner of Fitzhugh 

Street and Glenwood Avenue, Dallas, Dallas County, 

Tex. C. G. Lalicker. No. 14.

300. In creek, 10 feet above bed, 50 feet north of Houston and 

Texas Central Railroad bridge at intersection of Mockingbird Lane and railroad on the northeast edge of 

Dallas, Dallas County, Tex. C. G. Lalicker. No. 16.

301. On north side of northwest highway 100 feet north of highway and 15 feet above pavement, 3 miles east of Greenville road and northwest highway underpass northeast 

of Dallas, Dallas County, Tex. C. G. Lalicker. No. IS.

302. On nouth side of northwest highway, 3 feet above pavement, 3 miles east of Greenville road and northwest 

highway underpass northeast of Dallas, Dallas County, 

Tex. C. G. Lalicker. No. 17.

303. Upper part. In ditch on south side of Texas State Highway 114, 5 miles east of Greenville road and northwest 

highway underpass northeast of Dallas, Dallas County, 

Tex. C. G. Lalicker. No. 19. -

304. Upper part. On northwest highway at southeast side of 

underpass of northwest highway and Greenville road, 

5 feet above pavement, northeast edge of Dallas, Dallas 

County, Tex. C. G. Lalicker. No! 20.

305. Upper part. North side of northwest highway, pavement 

level, 5.3 miles east of Greenville road and northwest 

highway underpass northeast of Dallas, Dallas County, 

Tex. C. G. Lalicker. No. 21. °

306. Upper part. Near top. South side of Buckner Boulevard 

at curve west of underpass, pavement level, 2.7 miles 

north of Buckner Orphans Home, northeast of Dallas, 

Dallas County, Tex. C. G. Lalicker. No. 22.

307. Upper part. Six feet below spillway and 300 feet west of 

White Rock Dam, on White Rock Creek east of Dallas, 

Dallas County, Tex. C. G. Lalicker. No. 23.

308. Upper part. On south side of Grand Avenue, pavement 

level, 350 feet west of intersection of Grand Avenue and 

G'aston Avenue, east edge of Dallas, Dallas County, 

, Tex. C. G. Lalicker. No. 26.

309. Uppermost part. Just below Austin-Taylor contact. 

Southeast side of underpass, 2 feet above pavement, 

on south side of Buckner Boulevard 2.5 miles north of 

Buckner Orphans Home, northeast of Dallas, Dallas 

County, Tex. C. G. Lalicker. No. 27.

310. Upper part. From 1 foot below a thin limestone lens. 

Branch of Prairie Creek just north of east-west road 

1.15 miles east of Pleasant Grove and 3.2 miles northnorthwest of Rylie, Dallas County, Tex. L. W. Stephenson.

311. Upper part. Road cut near top of north-facing hill 2.3 

miles north of Dallas on Dallas-Sherman Highway about 

100 yards south of gateway to Vickery Park, Dallas 

County, Tex. C, I. Alexander. No. 2417.

312. Upper part. One mile west of Bynum on road to Hillsboro, 

Hill County, Tex. J. A. Cushman and N. L. Thomas.

313. Upper part. Gully south of Hillsboro-Corsicana road 10 

miles east of Hillsboro, Hill County, Tex. C. I. Alexander. No. 2425.
8 UPPER CRETACEOUS FORAMINIFERA OF GULF COASTAL REGION

314. Upper part. East bank of tributary to White Rock Creek, 

30 yards west of Hillsboro-Corsicana road and 7.75 

miles east of Hillsboro, Hill County, Tex. C. I. Alexander. 2424.

315. Upper part. At bridge across Elm Creek 2% miles east 

by south Nof Troy, Bell County, Tex. L. W. Stephenson 

and W. P. Popenoe.

316. Upper part. Pecan Creek 3.4 miles south by East of Troy 

and 1 mile southwest of Childer's School, Bell County, 

Tex. L. W. Stephenson and W. P. Popenoe.

317. Upper part. In bed of Blanco River just below crossing of 

San' Marcos and Kyle roads about 5 miles northeast of 

San Marcos, Hays County. Tex. L. W. Stephenson. 

U.S.G.S. 7639.

BROWNSTOWN MARL. '**

318. Near base. Ditch at north end of culvert on Paris-Clarksville Highway 1.85 miles southeast of Bagwell, Red 

River County, Tex. C. I. Alexander. No. 24113. 

BROWNSTOWN MARL (?)

319. About 20 feet below phosphate layer. Bed of small branch 

just east of U.S. Highway 82, 1% miles south-southeast 

of Bagwell Station, Red River County, Tex. L. W. 

Stephenson. 

BROWNSTOWN MARL.

320. Middle part. Ditch east of Commerce-Paris Highway 12.4 

miles north of Lake City and 2.9 miles south of Paris, 

Lamar County, Tex. C. I. Alexander.

321. Upper part. Ditch south of Greenville-Paris Highway 

11.4 miles north of Lake City and 3.9 miles south of 

Paris, Lamar County, Tex. C. I. Alexander. No. 24112. 

BLOSSOM SAND.

322. Ditch west of road leading northward from Honey Grove 

to Monkstown 6.5 miles north of Honey Grove, Fannin 

County, Tex. C. I. Alexander. No. 24125. 

AUSTIN CHALK.

323. Middle part. Argillaceous chalk on east bank of small 

stream at south end of bridge on Van Alstyne-Gunther 

road 2.3 miles west of Van Alstyne, Grayson County, 

Tex. C. I. Alexander.

324. Middle part. Ditch south of highway leading west from 

McKinney 3.1 miles west of McKinnev, Collin County, 

Tex. C. I. Alexander. No. 2420.

325. Middle part. Road cut north side of West Dallas pike 5.3 

miles northeast of Austin-Eagle Ford contact at Chalk 

Hill, Dallas County, Tex. C. I. Alexander. No. 2404.

326. Middle part. . Southeast corner of Mockingbird Lane and 

Abrams Street in ditch 4 feet below pavement, northeast edge of Dallas, Dallas County, Tex. C. G. Lalicker. 

No. 15.

BONHAM MARL.

327. U.S. Highway 271, 4.5 miles north of Paris and 0.7 mile 

south of Hinckley, Lamar County, Tex. L. W. Stephenson.

328. Road ditch on east side of road 7.8 miles south of Sherman, 

Grayson County, Tex. J. A. Cushman and J. A. 

Waters. No. 21.

329. Road ditch on east side of road 4 miles north of Paris on 

road to Hugo, Lamar County, Tex. J. A. Cushman 

and J. A. Waters. No. 35.

330. Ditch on west side of road 7 miles north of Paris on road 

to Hugo, Lamar County, Tex. J. A. Cushman and J. A. 

Waters. No. 36.

331. U.S. Highway 271, 2.15 miles north of Hinckley' and 7.3 

miles north of Paris, Lamar County, Tex. L. W. 

Stephenson.

ECTOR TONGUE OF AUSTIN CHALK.

332. Cut in east bank of road 2.3 miles south of Sherman, Grayson County, Tex. J. A. Cushman and J. A. Waters. 

No. 17, No. 19. 

AUSTIN CHALK.

333. Lower part. Ditch west of road 2 miles north of Sherman, 

Grayson County, Tex. C. I. Alexander. No. 2406.

334. Basal part. Ditch on west side of Sherman-Dennison 

Highway 3 miles north of Sherman, Grayson County, 

Tex. C. I. Alexander. No. 2405.

335. Lower part. East slope of road cut between two Railroad 

underpasses near north edge of town of Howe, Grayson 

County, Tex. C. I. Alexander. No. 24141.

336. Basal part. Dallas road 2 miles south of Sherman, Grayson County, Tex. L. W. Stephenson and W. P. 

Popenoe.

337. Lower part. Ditch west of road 300 feet north of intersection of Frisco-Prosper Highway and highway leading 

west from McKinney, Collin County, Tex. C. I. Alexander. No. 2418.

338. Lower part. Ditch east of road 2.5 miles east of AustinEagle Ford contact at Chalk Hill, on West Dallas pike, 

Dallas County, Tex. C. I. Alexander. No. 2403.

339. Basal part. Road cut at Chalk Hill, on Fort Worth-Dallas 

pike, Dallas County, Tex. C. I. Alexander. No. 2441.

340. Basal part. Just above Eagle Ford contact on north side 

of Mansfield-Cedar Hill road, 1 foot above roadbed, 

2 miles west of railroad station in Cedar Hill, Dallas 

County, Tex. C. G. Lalicker. No. 6-A.

341. Basal part. 6 feet above Eagle Ford contact on south side 

of U. S. Highway 80, 7 miles west of Union Station, 

Dallas, Dallas County, Tex. C. G. Lalicker. No. 6.

342. Basal part. 10 feet above Eagle Ford contact on south 

side of U.S. Highway 80, 7 miles west of Union Station, 

Dallas, Dallaa County, Tex. C. G. Lalicker. No. 7.

343. Lower part. 20 feet above Eagle Ford contact on south 

side of U.S. Highway 80, 6.9 miles west of Union Station, 

Dallas, Dallas County, Tex. C. G. Lalicker. No. 8.

344. Lower part. Cut on south side of U.S. Highway SO, 2 feet 

above sidewalk, opposite Catholic school 3.8 miles west 

of Union Station, Dallas, Dallas County, Tex. C. G. 

Lalicker. No. 9.

345. Lower part. North side of Colorado Boulevard between 

Woodlawn Avenue and Haines Avenue, west side of 

Trinity River, Dallas, Dallas County, Tex. C. G. 

Lalicker. No. 10.

346. Basal part. Road cut on Corsicana road 2.7 miles east of 

Hillsboro, Hill County, Tex. C. I. Alexander. No. 

2422. 

BKOWNSTOWN MARL.

347. On State Highway 27, 2.2 miles east of Ben Lomond, Sevier 

County, Ark.

348. 40 to 50 feet above the base of the marl. Nashville road 

l.mile east of Ben Lomond, Sevier County, Ark. L. W. 

Stephenson.

349. Upper part. Hollywood road 8.1 miles west of Arkadelphia, Clark County, Ark. L. W. Stephenson. 

SELMA CHALK (LOWER PART).

350. Lower part of Mooreville tongue. Bank of branch south of 

Fulton road % mile east of Mooreville, Lee County, 

Miss. U.S.G.S. 9521.

351. Lower part of Mooreville tongue just above Tombigbee 

sand. Probably upper Austin" age. Exposure in eastfacing slope of Mantachie Creek Valley, Mantachie 

road 5 miles northeast of Mooreville, Itawamba County, 

Miss. L. W. Stephenson. U.S.G.S. 9518. 

SELMA CHALK (LOWER' PART) OF UPPER AUSTIN AGE.

352. Basal part. Old Fairneld Bluff, Tombigbee River near 

Cochrane, Pickens County, Ala. U.S.G.S. 6419. (This 

may be Taylor.)

353. Basal part. Choctaw Bluff, Warrior River, Ala. U.S.G.S. 

6425-B. (The species seem to be Taylor, although 

according to the map the area should be Selma.)

EAGLE FORD AGE

EAGLE FORD SHALE.

354. Lower part, clay near base. Public road 2.3 miles west by 

south of Pottsboro, Grayson County, Tex. L. W. Stephenson and W. P. Popenoe.

355. Upper part. North side of road, 2 feet above roadbed, 

0.6 mile southwest of railroad station in Eagle Ford, 

Dallas County, Tex. C. G. Lalicker. No. 1-A.

356. Upper part. North side of road, 6 feet above roadbed, 1.3 

miles southwest of railroad station in Eagle Ford, Dallas 

County, Tex. C. G. Lalicker. No. 2-A.

357. Middle part. North side of Mansfield-Cedar Hill road, 

'level with roadbed, 4 miles west of railroad station in 

Cedar Hill, Dallas County, Tex. C. G. Lalicker. No. 

4-A.

358. Southwest side of road, 3 feet below pavement, 6 miles 

northwest of Irving, Dallas County, Tex. C. G. Lalicker. No. 7-A.

359. South side of road, pavement level, 6.2 miles northwest of 

Irving, Dallas County, Tex. C. G. Lalicker. No. 8-A.

360. South side of road, pavement level, 6.2 miles northwest of 

Irving, Dallas County, Tex. C. G. Lalicker. No. 10-A.

361. U.S. Highway 80, 10.1 miles west of Union Station, Dallas, 

on northeast side of Texas and Pacific Railway, underpass, 3 feet above pavement, Dallas County, Tex. C. G. 

Lalicker. No. 2.
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Ozan formation

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14 UPPER CRETACEOUS FORAMINIFERA OF GULF- COASTAL REGION

SYSTEMATIC DESCRIPTIONS

Family ASTRORHIZIDAE 

Genus RHABDAMMINA M. Sars, 1869 

Rhabdanimina discreta H. B. Brady

Plate 1, figures 1, 2 

Rhabdopleura? sp. G. M. Dawson, Canadian Naturalist, vol. 5,

p. 177, fig. 7, 1870.

Rhabdopleura abyssorum G. M. Dawson, Am. Jour. Sci., 3d ser., 

vol. 1, p. 206, fig. 7, 1871; Annals and Mag. Nat. History, 

4th ser., vol. 7, p. 86, fig. 7, 1871.

Rhabdammina- discreta H. B. Brady, Quart. Jour. Micr. Sci., vol. 

21, p. 48, 1881; Challenger Kept., Zoology, vol. 9, p. 268, 

pi. 22, figs. 11-13, 1884. 

Goes, Harvard Coll. Mus. Comp. Zoology Bull., vol. 29, p.

21, pi. 1, figs. 13, 14, 1896. 

Flint, U. S. Nat. Mus. Ann. Rept,, 1897, .p. 271, pi. 13

(1899). 

Rhumbler, Archiv Protistenkunde, vol. 3, p. 263, text fig.

105, 1903. 

Cushman, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 71, pt. 1, p. 27, text fig. 13,

1910. .

Cushman and Jarvis, U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc., vol. 80, art. 14, 

p. 4, pi. 1, figs. 1, 2, 1932.

Test free, straight, cylindrical, constricted somewhat 

at irregular intervals exteriorly, but the chamber within 

of nearly uniform diameter throughout; wall composed 

of sand grains firmly cemented, exterior rough but the 

interior rather smoothly finished; open ends of the tube 

serving as apertures.

Abundant broken specimens similar to those here 

figured occur in the Upper Cretaceous of Trinidad. 

They so closely resemble Brady's species, which now 

occurs living off this region, that they have been referred 

here without question. All the specimens show a roughened surface and constrictions typical of this species. 

Specimens also occur in the Navarro of Mississippi. 

Franke in his work on the Cretaceous of Germany has 

described a species as Astrorhiza cretacea Franke, and 

our fragmentary specimens may represent the arms of 

some such form, but until more nearly complete specimens can be obtained the general characters of the wall 

would seem to indicate that this species should be left 

under the.genus Rhabdammina.

Upper Cretaceous. Pit at Lizard Springs, near Guayaguayare,

southeastern Trinidad. 

Hobson clay. San Fernando, Trinidad. 

Navarro age. Prairie Bluff chalk. Mississippi, Chickasaw County

(84, 85).

Family RHIZAMMINIDAE

Genus BATHYSIPHON M. Sars, 1872

Bathysiphon tauriiiensis Sacco

Plate 1, figures 3, 4 

Bathysiphon taurinensis Sacco, Soc. geol. France Bull., p. 168,

text fig. 2, 1896.

Schubert, Beitr. Palaontologie Oesterr.-Ungarns u. des Orients, vol. 14, p. 18, pi. 1, figs. 14, 15, 1901; K. k. geol. 

Reichsanstalt Jahrb, vol. 53, p. 412, pi. 19, figs. 10-12, 1903. 

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 7,

p. 88, pi. 11, figs. 12, 13, 1931. 

Frizzell, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 17, p. 336, pi. 55, fig. 2,

1943.

fKalamopsis dubia White, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 2, p. 185, pi. 

27, fig. 3, 1928.

Test elongate, subcylindrical; wall thick, of a whitish 

color, consisting of sponge spicules or amorphous material, the exterior usually with a very dark, thin coating; 

cavity of the test relatively small, the tubular test 

opening at both ends.

The only record for this species in America is from 

the Austin chalk of Texas. There are other less typical 

specimens, which may not be identical, in the Taylor 

marl. Those from the Austin chalk seem to be identical 

with those described by Sacco from the lower Tertiary

of Europe. Occasionally there are constrictions that 

give the appearance of a jointed tube, but these do not 

seem to be anything but accidental structures and do 

not divide the tube into definite chambers.

This genus has already been described and figured 

from the Cretaceous of Europe by Egger, who referred 

his specimens to Bathysiphon filiformis Sars. Our 

specimens have some resemblances to this Recent species, 

but the canal in the fossil form is much smaller in comparison with the size of the test.

The form described by White from the Cretaceous of 

Mexico may be this species.

Paso shale. Northwestern Peru. 

(?) Taylor marl, upper part. Texas, Limestone County (137). 

Austin chalk, lower part. Texas, Grayson County (335).

Bathysiphon alexanderi Cushman

Plate 1, figure 5

Bathysiphon alexanderi Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research 

Contr., vol. 9, p. 49, pi. 5, fig. 1, 1933.

Test small, slender, elongate, cylindrical; wall comparatively thin, fairly smooth on the exterior, apparently 

composed of fine amorphous material and fine sand 

grains with a considerable amount of cement, the wall 

slightly constricted at intervals, chamber opening comparatively large and undivided. Length of holotype 

specimen 1.00 mm.; breadth 0.20 mm.

The types of this species are from the Upper Cretaceous near the base of the Brownstown marl, ParisClarksville highway 1.85 miles southeast of Bagwell, Red 

River County, Tex.

This species is much smaller and more slender than the 

only other species recorded from the Texas Cretaceous, 

B. taurinensis Sacco.

Austin age.

Brownstown marl. Texas, Red River County (318, 319). 

Austin chalk. Texas, Dallas County (310).

Family SACCAMMINIDAE

Genus PSAMMOSPHAERA Schulze, 1875

Psammpsphaera laevigata White

Psammosphaera laevigala White, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 2, p. 

183, pi. 27, fig. 1, 1928.

Test free, a flattened spheroid of rather finer arenaceous material 

than is generally found in this genus, very uniform in character 

and usually an olive green in color. Diameter of type specimen 

0.37 mm.; thickness 0.19 mm.

The original description copied here is of a species 

recorded from the Velascp shale of Mexico. Similar 

rounded bodies have been found in our material from the 

Velasco, but none of them have shown any structure 

that would definitely place them as Foraminifera- The 

species is noted, however, as a matter of record.

Genus SACCAMMINA M. Sars, 1869 

Saccammina rhumbleri (Franke) Cushman and Jarvis

Plate 1, figure 6 

Saccammina rhumbleri (Franke) Cushman and Jarvis, U. S. Nat.

Mus.. Proc. vol. 80, art. 14, p. 5, pi. 1, fig. 3, 1932. 

Renz, 8th Am. Sci. Congress Proc., p. 528 (list), 1942. 

Small globular specimens with a smooth surface occur 

in Trinidad. The position of these is somewhat questionable, but they seem to belong to the genus Saccammina. In their general characters they resemble specimens from the Upper Cretaceous of Germany that 

Franke has named "Orbulinaria rhumbleri."

Upper Cretaceous. Pit at Lizard Springs, near Guayaguayare,

southeastern Trinidad. 

Hobson clay. San Fernando, Trinidad.
HYPERAMMINIDAE 15

Genus PROTEONINA Williamson, 1858 

Prolconinn difflugifoniiis (H. B. Brady) Rhuinbler

Plate 1, figures 7, 8

Rcophax difflugiformis H. B. Brady, Quart. Jour. Micr. Sci., new 

ser., vol. 19, p. 51, pi. 4, figs. 3a, b, 1879; Challenger Rept., 

Zoology, vol. 9, p. 289, pi. 30, figs, 2-4 (not 1, 5), 1884. 

Proteonina difflugiformis Rhumbler, Archiv Protistenkunde, vol. 3,

p. 245, text figs. 80a, b, 1903. 

Cushman, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 71, pt. 1, p. 42, text figs. 40,

41, 1910. 

Cushman and Waters, Cushman Lab. Foram Research

Contr., vol. 2, pt. 4, p. 82, pi. 10, fig. 1, 1927. 

Cushman, idem, vol. 5, p. 78, pi. 12, fig. 2, 1929; Tennessee 

Div. Geology Bull. 41, p. 17, pi. 1, figs. 1, 2, 1931.

Test a single elongate oval or pyriform chamber with 

a more or less distinct tubular neck, usually tapering 

gradually from the body of the chamber, undivided; 

wall fairly thick, of sand grains of variable size, firmly 

cemented; aperture circular, simple, terminal. Height 

0.50 mm., diameter 0.40 mm.

This is a widely distributed species and apparently 

ranges from Cretaceous to Recent. The grains are very 

variable in size according to the material available for 

the construction of the test, although there appears to 

be some power of selection by the animal.

Navarro age.

In cores from wells east of Richland, Navarro County, Tex.

Ripley formation. Tennessee, Benton County (93).

Selma chalk, upper part. Alabama, Marengo County (104). 

Boyne beds, Pembina Valley, SE% sec. 4, T. 1, R. 6 W. of 1st 

meridian, Manitoba, Canada.

Subfamily PELOSININAE

Genus PELOSINA H. B. BEADY, 1879

Pclosina coniplanata Fraiike

Plate 1, figures 9-11

Pelosina complanata Franke, K. preuss. geol. Landesanstalt

Jahrb., vol. 32, pt. 2, p. 107, pi. 3, figs, la, b, 1911; Preuss.

geol. Landesanstalt Abh., new ser., vol. Ill, p. 10, pi. 1,

fig. 6, 1928.

Cushman and Jarvis, U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc., vol. 80, art. 14,

p. 5, pi. 1, figs. 4-6, 1932.

Renz, 8th Am. Sci. Congress Proc., p. 528 (list), 1942. 

Fmzell, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 17, p. 336, pi. 55, fig. 4,

1943.

Saccammino, scruposum White (not Haplophragmium scruposum 

Berthelin), Jour. Paleontology, vol. 2, p. 183, pi. 27, fig. 5, 

1928.

Pelosina scruposa Frizzell (not Haplophragmium scruposum 

Berthelin), idem, vol. 17, p. 337, pi. 55, fig. 3, 1943.

Test free, single, invariably crushed to a lenticular 

shape; wall replaced by amorphous silica, rough; aperture single, round, with short neck.

The typical specimens are from ,Trinidad, and it also 

occurs in the Velasco shale of Mexico. There are a few 

specimens from the Upper Cretaceous of Texas that may 

be referred here but are not typical. '

Upper Cretaceous. Velasco shale. Hacienda el Limon. Mexico.

Hobson clay. San Fernando, Trinidad.

Mal Paso shale. Northwestern Peru.

Taylpr marl, lower part. Texas, McLennan County (243?).

Austin chalk, Gober tongue. Texas, Fannin County (280?).

Family HYPERAMMINIDAE

Subfamily HYPERAMMININAE

Genus HYPERAMMINA H. B. Brady, 1878

Hyperammina clongata H. B. Brady

Plate 1, figures 12, 13

Hyperammina elongata H. B. Brady. Annals and Mag. Nat. History, ser. 5, vol. 1, p. 433, pi. 20, figs. 2a, b, 1878. 

Cushman and Jarvis, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research 

Contr., vol. 4, p. 86, pi. 12, fig. 1, 1928; U. S. Nat. Mus. 

Proc., vol. 80, art. 14, p. 6, pi. 1, figs. 7, 8, 1932.

Test elongate, with a bulbous proloculum and elongate,

cylindrical", tubular second chamber open at the outer 

end; wall composed of rather fine arenaceous material, 

firmly ,cemented and with a fairly smooth surface.

The figured specimens give the general appearance of 

this species as it occurs in- Trindad. As in Recent material, there is considerable variation in the relative 

amount of cement used in the test, and therefore the 

surface has a considerable range in the smoothness of 

the finish. Franke records Hyperammina from the 

German Upper Cretaceous but does not assign his material to a definite species. Incomplete specimens of 

this genus from the Cretaceous of the Coastal Plain 

region of the United States cannot be definitely placed 

specificallyUpper Cretaceous. Pit at Lizard Springs, near Guayaguayare, 

southeastern Trinidad.

Hyperammina? sp.

Plate 1, figure 14

Hyperammina? sp. Cushman and Jarvis, U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc., 

vol. 80, art. 14, p. 6, pi. 1, fig. 9, 1932.

A number of specimens from Trinidad similar to that 

figured here, one end being closed and the other" open, 

seem best assigned to this genus, but with some question, 

as the specimens are evidently distinctly collapsed and 

more or less distorted. There is, therefore, some doubt 

as to the actual appearance of this particular form in 

its normal condition.

Upper Cretaceous. Pit at Lizard Springs, near Guayaguayare, 

southeastern Trinidad.

Subfamily DENDROPHRYINAE

Genus SACCORHIZA Elmer and Fickert, 1899

Saccorhiza ramosa (H. B. Brady) Eimer and Fickert

Plate 1, figures 15-17 

Hyperammina ramosa H. B. Brady, Quart. Jour. Micr. Sci., new

ser., vol 19, p. 33, pi. 3, figs. 14, 15, 1879; Akad. Wisa.

Wien, Math.-naturwiss. Kl., Denkschr., vol. 42, p. 98,

1881; Challenger Rept., Zoology, vol. 9, p. 261, pi. 23,

figa. 15^19, 1884. 

H. B. Brady, Parker, and Jones, Zool. Soc. London Trans.,

vol. 12, No. 7, p. 217, pi. 41, figs. 1-4, 13, 1888. 

Egger, Bayer. Akad. Wiss., Math.-naturwiss. Abt., Abh. 1,

vol. 18, p. 255, pi. 4, fig. 15, 1893. 

Goes, K. svenska vetensk. akad. Handl., vol. 25, No. 9, p.

18, pi. 4, figs. 61, 62, 1894. 

Flint, U. S. Nat. Mus. Ann. Rept., 1897, p. 270, pi. 11, fig.

1 (1899). 

Rhumbler, Archiv Protistenkunde, vol. 3, p. 260, text figs.

lOla, b, 1903. 

Saccorhiza ramosa Eimer and Fickert, Zeitschr. Wiss. Zoologie,

vol. 65, p. 670, 1899. 

Cushman, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 71, pt. 1, p. 65, text fig.

81, 1910; idem, Bull. 104,. pt. 1, p. 81, pi. 30, figs. 3, 4,

1918. 

Cushman and Jarvis, U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc., vol. 80, art.

14, p. 6, pi. 1, figs. 10-12, 1932.

In Trinidad there are numerous fragmentary specimens 

of a form having an irregularly shaped tube, the wall 

of which contains sponge spicules on the roughened surface. These tubes are usually somewhat collapsed but 

nevertheless have the characteristic irregular curvature 

of this species. No branching specimens were found, nor 

any specimens with the proloculum present. In this connection two other references may be noted, that of 

Franke, who has recorded very similar branching fragments from the German Cretaceous as "Rhizammina 

algaeformis" (Preuss, geol. Landesanstalt Abh., new ser., 

vol. Ill, p. 12, pi. 1, fig. 13, 1928), and that of White, 

who records a tubular fragment from the Velasco shale
16 UPPER CRETACEOUS FORAMINIFERA OF GULF COASTAL REGION

of Mexico as "Rhizammina indivisa" (Jour. Paleontology, vol. 2, p. 184, pi. 27, fig. 2, 1928).

Upper Cretaceous. Pit at Lizard Springs, near Guayaguayare, 

southeastern Trinidad.

Family REOPHACIDAE

Subfamily ASCHEMONELUNAE

Genus EEOPHAX Montfort, 1808

Reophax texanus Cushman and Waters .

Plate 1, figures 18-20

Reophax texana Cushman and Waters, Cushman Lab. Foram 

Research Contr., vol. 2, pt. 4, p. 82, pi. 10, fig. 2, 1927. 

Wickenden, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 6, p. 204, pi. 29, fig. 1, 

1932.

Test generally rectilinear or somewhat arcuate, uniserial; chambers spherical or nearly so, sometimes 

slightly overlapping; wall coarsely arenaceous, of 

angular sand grains with a minimum of cement, but 

the grains nevertheless firmly cemented, surface somewhat roughened; aperture small, rounded or angular, 

central, terminal. Length up to 1.25 mm., diameter 0.50 

mm.

This is a widely distributed species, apparently limited 

to equivalents of the upper part of Navarro group above 

the Nacatoch sand, occurring in the Kemp clay and 

Corsicana marl of Texas, the Arkadelphia marl of 

Arkansas, and the Prairie Bluff chalk of Mississippi and 

Alabama. It is also recorded from the Alberta shale 

of Alberta, western Canada. It should be a good index 

fossil for the upper part of the Navarro.

N"avarro age. 

Kemp clay. Texas, Williamson County (11); Travis County

(15, 17); Guadalupe County (18). 

Corsicana marl. Texas, Caldwell County (44). 

Arkadelphia marl. Arkansas, Hempstead County (72, 73). 

Prairie Bluff chalk. Mississippi, Chickasaw County (85-87).

Alabama, Wilcox County (100). 

Riding Mountain beds. Manitoba, on Assiniboine River, south

of Millwood, Canada.

Alberta shale. Ko-Top well No. 1, 790 foot sample. Sec. 2, T. 1, 

R. 17 W. of 4th meridian, Alberta, Canada.

Reophax dentalinoides (Reuss) Cushman

Plate 1, figures 24, 25 

Haplostiche dentalinoides Reuss, in Geinitz, Palaeontographica,

vol. 20, pt. 2, 1872-75, p. 121, pi. 24, figs. 4-6 (1874). 

Olszewski, Sprawozd. Kom. Fizyj. Akad. Umiej., Krakowie,

vol. 9, p. 130, 1875. 

Perner, K. bohm. Gesell. Wiss. Prag Sitzungsber., p. 38,

1893. 

Egger, K. bayer. Akad. Wiss., Math-naturh. Abt., Kl. 2,

vol. 21, pt. 1, p. 19, pi. 15, fig. 41, 1899. 

Franke, Greifswald Univ., Geol.-palaeont. Inst., Abh., vol.

6, p. 8, pi. 1, fig. 6, 1925; Preuss. geol. Landesanstalt

Abh., new ser., vol. Ill, p. 20, pi. 2, fig. 6, 1928.

Test elongate, slightly tapering toward the apertural 

end; chambers fairly distinct, longer than broad, the 

apertural end somewhat tapering and in many specimens 

with the aperture slightly to one side; sutures slightly 

depressed, rather indistinct; wall arenaceous, roughly 

finished; aperture a small rounded opening at the end of 

a slight neck, often eccentric. Length up to 1.20 mm., 

breadth 0.40 mm.

Specimens from the middle part of the Taylor of 

Texas and Arkansas seem to be very similar to this 

species as figured by Reuss, but as the specimens figured 

here indicate, they do not come out of the matrix easily, 

and the characters are, therefore, not well shown.

Taylor age.

Upper part of Taylor marl. Texas, Bexar County (158). 

Annona chalk. Texas, Red River County (194). 

Ozan formation. Arkansas, Sevier County (253).

Reophax coiistrictus (Reuss) Cushman

Plate 1, figures 21, 22 

Haplostiche constricta Reuss, in Geinitz, Palaeontographica, vol.

20, pt. 2, 1872-75, p. 121,-pi. 24, figs. 9-12 (1874). 

Perner, K. bohm. Gesell. Wiss. Prag Sitzungsber., p. 38,

1893.

Matouschek, Lotos, vol. 43, p. 125, 1895. 

Franke, Naturh. Ver. preuss. Rheinlande u. Westfalens 

Verb., 69 Jahrg., vol. 59, 1912, p. 260 (1913); Greifswald 

Univ., Geol.-palaeont. Inst., Abh., vol. 6, p. 8, pi. 1, fig. 

7, 1925; Preuss. geol. Landesanstalt Abh., new ser., vol. 

Ill, p. 20, pi. 2, fig. 5, 1928. 

Brotzen, Zeitschr. Deutschen Palastina-Vereins, Jahrg. 1934,

p. 32, 1934.

Reophax const-rictus (Reuss) Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. 

Research Contr., vol. 20, p. 1, pi. 1, fig. 1, 1944.

Test composed of a few, usually 2 or 3, subglobular 

chambers, increasing very little if at all in diameter; 

chambers distinct, the later ones becoming constricted 

so that the sutures are much depressed; wall coarsely 

arenaceous, roughly finished; apertural end when perfect 

terminating in a definite neck. Length 0.75 mm., 

breadth 0.25 mm.

The American specimens referred to this species may be 

distinguished from Reophax texanus by the more elongate 

chambers and by the very definitely constricted necks 

between the chambers.

Navarro age. Prairie Bluff chalk. Alabama, Wilcox County

(100).

Taylor age. 

Upper part of Taylor marl. Texas, Kaufman County (124);

Limestone County (137). 

Pecan Gap chalk member of Taylor marl. Texas, Delta County

(165, 166). 

Wolfe City sand member of Taylor marl. Texas, Navarro

County (188). 

Lower part of Taylor marl. Texas, Ellis County (235).

Reophax clavulinus (Reuss) Cushman

Plate 1, figure 23 

Haplostiche clavuUna Reuss, in Geinitz, Palaeontographica, vol.

20, pt. 2, 1872-75, p. 121, pi. 24, figs. 7, 8 (1874). 

Perner, K. bohm. Gesell. Wiss. Prag Sitzungsber., p. 38.

1893.

Matouschek, Lotos, vol. 43, p. 126, 1895. 

Franke, Preuss. geol. Landesanstalt Abh., new ser., vol.

Ill, p. 20, pi. 2, fig. 4, 1928. 

Schnetzer, Centralbl. Mineralogie, Jahrg. 1934, Abt. B, No.

2, p. 88, text fig. 4, 1934.

Reophax clavulinus (Reuss) Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. 

.Research Contr., vol. 20, p. 83, pi. 13, fig. 1, 1944.

Test elongate, slightly tapering, increasing in width 

gradually toward the apertural end; chambers numerous, 

short, usually broader than high; sutures slightly depressed; wall arenaceous, usually somewhat roughly 

finished; aperture terminal, rounded, sometimes with a 

trace of a slight neck. Length up to 2.00 mm-, breadth 

0.40 mm.

This species was originally described from the Upper 

Cretaceous of Saxony and was recorded by Perner and 

Matouschek from the Cretaceous of Bohemia and by 

Franke from the Upper Cretaceous of Germany. Specimens similar to those from Europe are found in the 

Annona chalk of Texas and in the basal Selma chalk of 

Alabama and Mississippi, a specimen from Mississippi 

'being figured.

Taylor age. Annona chalk. Texas, Red River County (196). 

Austin age. Selma chalk, lower part. Mississippi, Lee County 

(350). Alabama, Warrior River (353).
AMMODISCIDAE 17

Reophax sp.

Plate 1, figure 26

Reophax sp. Cushman and Jarvis, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 4, p. 86, pi. 12, fig. 2, 1928; U. S. Nat 

Mus. Proc, vol 80, art. 14, p. 7, pi. 1, fig. 13, 1932.

The peculiar form here figured is from Trinidad. The 

chambers are somewhat irregularly globular, and the 

test itself, so far as the figured specimen shows, is somewhat irregular. Owing to the rarity of this form and 

the rather poor material, no attempt has been made to 

determine it specifically.

Upper Cretaceous. Pit at Lizard Springs, near Guayaguayare, 

southeastern Trinidad.

Genus HORMOSINA H. B. Brady, 1879 

Hormosiiia globulifera H. B. Brady

Plate 1, figure 27

Hormosina globulijera H. B. Brady, Quart. Jour. Micr. Sci., new 

ser., vol. 19, p. 60, pi. 4, figs. 4, 5, 1879; Challenger Rept., 

Zoology, vol. 9, p. 326, pi. 39, figs. 1-6, 1884. 

Cushman and Jarvis, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research 

Contr., vol. 4, p. 86, pi. 12, fig. 3, 1928; U. S. Nat. Mus. 

Proc., vol. SO, art. 14, p. 7, pi. 1, fig. 14, 1932. 

Renz, 8th Am. Sci. Congress. Proc., p. 529 (list), 1942.

Numerous specimens in the material from Trinidad 

represent a form that is usually collapsed and more or 

less distorted. A few of the specimens, however, seem 

to have escaped great deformation, and these very 

strongly resemble Hormosina globulifera H, B. Brady, 

which is found living in deep water in this same general 

region. The wall of the fossils consists of very fine 

arenaceous material with much cement, as in Recent 

specimens- It may be quite possible that some of the 

megalospheric forms with a single chamber, similar to 

those found in any large series of Recent material, may 

have already been noted under Pelosina complanata. 

This is one of the species that show the close relationships of the Upper Cretaceous material of Trinidad with 

the Recent forms now fo.und living in comparatively 

deep water in that same general region.

Upper Cretaceous. Pit at Lizard Springs, near Guayaguayare, 

southeastern Trinidad; and from boulders in conglomerate on "Bon Accord" estate, ^4 mile from Pointe-aPierre Railroad Station, San Fernando, Trinidad.

Genus NODELLUM Rhumbler, 1913 

Nodcllum velascoeiise (Cushman) Cushman and Jarvis

Plate 1, figures 28-31

Nodosinella velascoensis Cushman, Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., -vol. 10, p. 583, pi. 20, fig. 9, 1926. 

White, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 2, p. 309, pi. 41, fig. 15, 1928. 

Nodellum velascoense Cushman and Jarvis, U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc., 

vol. 80, art. 14, p. 8, pi. 1, figs. 15-17, 1932.

Test elongate, consisting of several chambers of a 

pyriform shape tapering slightly toward the apertural 

end, slightly overlapping; sutures distinct, depressed; 

wall transparent, smooth, chitinous.

This species has already been recorded from the 

Velasco shale of Mexico, where it occurs in some abundance. It is also very abundant in the Hobson clay of 

Trinidad. While it is usually distorted, as in Mexico, 

specimens are so abundant that a certain proportion of 

them may be found that show the normal form of the 

species. The proloculum is always longer than broad, 

and somewhat pear-shaped. The following chambers in 

the megalospheric form increase very little if at all in 

diameter, while in the microspheric form they are much 

more numerous and increase rapidly in size as added. 

The wall seems to be almost entirely chitinous and nearly

transparent, accounting for the fact that specimens are 

usually very much distorted. The other species of this 

genus are characteristic of comparatively deep water of 

the present oceans.

Upper Cretaceous. Pit at Lizard Springs, near Guayaguayare, 

southeastern Trinidad; Calex C well, 116 feet near 

Lizard Springs, Trinidad.

Hobson clay. San Fernando, Trinidad.

Velasco shale. Hacienda el Limon, Mexico.

Family AMMODISCIDAE

Subfamily AMMODISCINAE

Genus AMMODISCUS Reuss, 1861

Ammodiscus glabratus Cushman and Jarvis

Plate 1, figure 32

Ammodiscus glabratus Cushman and Jarvis, Cushman Lab. Foram.

Research Contr., vol. 4, p. 86, pi. 12, figs. 6a, b, 1928;

U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc., vol. 80, art. 14, p. 8, pi. 2,

fig. 1, 1932.

Renz, 8th Am. Sci. Congress Proc., pp.. 528, 529 (lists), 1942.

Test planispiral, much compressed, concave on both 

sides, periphery broadly curved; tubular chamber very 

gradually and uniformly increasing in size with succeeding coils; wall thin, composed almost entirely of cement, 

of a brownish color, very smooth and polished; aperture 

semicircular, at the end of the tubular chamber.

This species was originally described from Trinidad. 

The material of the test is almost entirely pure cement, 

although with a considerable magnification fragmentary 

material of small size can be seen.

Upper Cretaceous. Pit at Lizard Springs, near Guayaguayare,

southeastern Trinidad. 

Hobson clay. San Fernando, Trinidad.

Ammodiscus pennyi Cushman and Jarvis

Plate 1, figures 33, 34

Ammodiscus pennyi Cushman and Jarvis, Cushman Lab. Foram. 

Research Contr., vol. 4, p. 37, pi. 12, figs. 4, 5, 1928; U. 

S. Nat. Mus. Proc., vol. 80, art. 14, p. 9, pi. 2, figs. 2, 3, 

1932.

Test planispiral, comparative!}1" large, periphery broadly rounded, of a few coils, the tubular chamber increasing 

gradually in diameter; suture deep and distinct; wall 

thick, conspicuously arenaceous but with fairly smooth 

finish; aperture semicircular, at the end of the tube.

This is one of the largest species of the genus and is 

represented by both megalospheric and microspheric specimens. In contrast to the preceding species; A. glabratus, 

the wall is very thick and has much arenaceous material.

Upper Cretaceous. Pit at Lizard Springs, near Guayaguayare, 

southeastern Trinidad; Calex C well, 720 feet, Lizard 

Springs, Trinidad.

Velasco shale. Well samples, Hacienda el Limon, Mexico.

Colon shale. Near top of shale, Quebrada Honda, Venezuela.

Navarro age. Corsicana marl. Texas, Caldwell County (44).

Ammodiscus cretaceus (Reuss) Cushman

Plate 1, figure 35 

Operculina cretacea Reuss, Versteinerungen bohm. Kreideformation, pt. 1, p. 35, pi. 13, figs. 64, 65, 1845.

Cornuspira cretacea Reuss, Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-naturwiss. 

Kl., Sitzungsber., vol. 40, p. 177, pi. 1, fig. 1, 1860; idem, 

vol. 46, pt. 1, 1862, p. 34, pi. 1, figs. lOa, b (not 11, 12), 

1863; idem, vol. 52, pt. 1, p. 459, 1865; Palaeontographica, 

vol. 20, pt. 2, 1872-75, p. 117 (1874). 

Burrows, Sherborn and Bailey, Royal Micr. Soc. Jour., p.

552, pi. 8, figs. 5, 6, 1890. 

Chapman, idem, p. 574, pi. 9, figs, lla, b, 1891. 

Perner, K. bohm. Gesell. Wiss. Prag Sitzungsber., p. 37,

1893. 

Matouschek, Lotos, vol. 43, p. 125, 1895.
18 UPPER CRETACEOUS FORAMINIFERA OF GULF COASTAL REGION

Schacko, Archiv Ver. Freunde Naturgeschichte Mecklenburg, Jahrg. 50, pp. 156 (list), 159, pi., fig. 2, 1896. 

Egger, K. bayer. Akad. Wiss., Math.-naturh. Abt., Abh.

Kl. 2, vol. 21, pt. 1, p. 18, pi; 22, figs. 1, 2, 1899. 

Franke, Naturh. Ver. preuss, Rheinlande u. Westfalens

Vehr., 69 Jahrg., vol. 59, 1912, p. 259. (1913); Greifswald

Univ., Geol.-palaeont. Inst., Abh., vol. 6, p. 7, pi. 1.

fig. 5, 1925. 

.Cushman, Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., vol. 10,

p. 608, pi. 21, figs. 3a, b, 1926; Cushman Lab. Foram.

Research Contr., vol. 2, pt. 1, p. 24, pi. 3, fig. 3, 1926;

Royal Soc. Canada Trans., 3rd sen, vol. 21, Sec. 4, p.

132^ pi. 1, fig. 12, 1927. 

Franke, Preuss. geol. Landesanstalt Abh., new ser., vol

111, p. 16, pi. 1, fig. 22, 1928. 

White, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 2, p. 188, pi. 27, fig. 9,

1928. : 

Storm, Lotos, vol. 77, p. 56 (list), 1929. 

Cushman, Tennessee Div. Geology Bull. 41, p. 24, pi. 2.

fig. 7, 1931. 

Sandidge, Jour. Paleontology, voL 6, .p. 271, pi. 41, fig. 22.

1932. 

Ammodiscus cretacea (Reuss) Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram.

Research Contr., vol. 10, p. 45, 1934. 

Loetterle, Nebraska Geol. Survey Bull., 2d ser., Bull. 1.2.

p. 56, pi. 10, fig. 1, 1937. 

Cushman and Todd, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr.,

vol. 19, p. 51, pi. 9, fig. 1, 1943. 

Cushman, idem, vol. 20, p. 2, pi. 1, fig. 2, 1944. 

Cornuspira involvens W. Berry (not Reuss), in Berry and Kelley.

U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc., vol. 76, art. 19, p. 15, pi. 1, fig

15, 1929.

Test planispiral, closely coiled, slightly involute, chamber increasing gradually and uniformly in size as added, 

with many coils, often with distinct radial creases or 

constrictions and frequently distorted in fossilization; 

suture distinct, depressed; wall very finely arenaceous, 

with much cement, noncalcareous, smooth, usually white 

and fairly thick; aperture formed by the open end of 

the tube. Diameter averaging about 1.00 mm.

In Europe this species is recorded from the Lower 

Cretaceous Gault to the Upper Cretaceous Senonian but 

apparently is most characteristic of the Turonian and 

lower Senonian. Material is at hand from various 

localities, but all the specimens show a rather uniform 

character. It apparently has a wide range in the American Upper Cretaceous.

Upper Cretaceous. Canora Well, at 485-520 feet, sec. 25, T. 30.

R. IV W. of 2d meridian, Saskatchewan, Canada; and

Pelican Rapids Well, sec. 6, T. 79, R. XVII W. of 4th

meridian, Alberta, Canada.

Riding Mountain beds. On Assiniboine River, south of Millwood.

Manitoba, Canada.

Mendez shale. The following Mexican localities are all in the

State of San Luis Potosi, and all but the first two in

Hacienda el Limon: 10 km. south of Rancho Nuevo;

5 km. southeast of Guerrero; near Coco; 1 mile southeast

of Taninul Tunnel; north of Las Palmas; river bank.

Guerrero; near Huiches; near km. post 578, San Luis

Potosi-Tampico Railroad; and hill 2 km. south 50° east

of Huicheg.

Navarro age.

Corsicana marl. Texas, Navarro County (26); Limestone

County (30, 31).

Ripley formation. Tennessee, Henderson County (96). 

Taylor age.

Upper part of Taylor marl. Texas, Bexar County (158). 

Pecan Gap chalk member of Taylor marl. Texas, Delta County

(166).

Annona chalk. Texas, Bowie County (189). 

Lower part of Taylor marl. Texas, Dallas County (224); Bell

County (245).

Lower part of Pierre shale. South of Lynch, Nebr. 

Austin chalk, Gober tongue. Texas, Fannin County (280); Lamar 

County (282, 283).

Genus AMMODISCOIDES Cushman, 1909 

Ammodiscoides turbiiiatus Cushman

Plate 1, figures 36, 37 

Ammodiscoides lurbinatus Cushman, U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc., vol.

36, p. 424, pi. 33, figs. 1-6, 1909. 

Rhumbler, Ergebnisse der Plankton-Expedition der Hiimboldt-Stiftung, Foraminiferen, pt. 2, p. 388, text figs. 124a.

d, 1913. 

Cushman, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 104, pt. 1, p. 98, pi. 36,

figs. 3-6;'pi. 37, 1918. 

Cushman and Jarvis, U. S. 'Nat. Mus. Proc., vol. 80, art,

14, p. 9, pi. 2, figs. 4, 5, 1932.

Test in the microspheric form with a proloculum, followed by a long, coiled, undivided, tubular chamber; in 

the young stage forming a hollow cone, after which 

the whorls are nearly in one plane, gradually increasing 

in diameter toward the periphery, which is rounded or 

somewhat flattened; megalospheric form in many specimens without the early conical portion; wall of fine 

sand grains, smoothly and firmly cemented, the surface 

smooth.

This species was originally described from Recent 

material from the Gulf of Mexico and has a fairly wide 

distribution in the western tropical Atlantic. The Cretaceous material from Trinidad is identical with the 

Recent form, and if it were not for the differences due 

to fossilization it would be very difficult to tell the two 

apart.

The microspheric form is easily distinguished from 

the preceding genus by having a low cone on one side 

in the center and on the opposite side a distinct depression, the succeeding coils following in nearly a single 

plane.

Upper Cretaceous. Pit at Lizard Springs, near Guayaguayare, 

southeastern Trinidad; Calex C well, 116 feet, near 

Lizard Springs, Trinidad.

Genus GLOMOSPIRA Rzehak, 1888 

Glomospira gordialis (Jones and Parker) Cushman

Plate 1, figures 3&40

Trochammina -sqiMmata Jones and Parker, var. gordialis Jones 

 and Parker, Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc., vol. 16, p. 304, 1860 

Parker and Jones, Philosophical Trans., vol. 155, p. 408, pi.

. 15, fig. 32, 1865. 

Glomospira gordialis Cushman, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 104, pt. 1.

p. 99, pi. 36, figs. 7-9, 1918.

White, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 2, p. 187, pi. 27, fig. 8, 1928. 

Cushman and Jarvis, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research 

Contr., vol. 4, p. 87, pi. 12, figs. 7, 8, 1928; U. S. Nat. 

Mus. Proc., vol. 80, art. 14, p. 9, pi. 2, figs. 6, 7, 1932. 

Renz, 8th Am. Sci. Congress Proc., p. 528 (list), 1942.

Test composed of a subglobular proloculum and a long, 

undivided tubular second chamber, the early turns planispiral or irregular, the later turns in constantly shifting 

planes, the coils increasing somewhat in size as added; 

wall very finely arenaceous, with a very large percentage 

of cement, giving a smooth appearance to the exterior 

of the test,

This species may be distinguished from the following 

in that the coils are in planes that never change greatly 

from a planispiral type of growth, whereas the following 

species has the coils arranged in an entirely different 

manner, giving a more or less globular shape to the test. 

The fossil specimens from Trinidad and Mexico are very 

similar indeed to Recent ones. Somewhat similar specimens also occur in Texas material but may not be identical.
LITUOLIDAE 19

Upper Cretaceous. Pit at Lizard Springs, near Guayaguayare.

southeastern Trinidad. 

Hobson Clay. San Fernando, Trinidad. 

Velasco shale. Hacienda el Limon, Mexico. 

Ta3'lpr marl, upper part. Texas, Delta County (114). 

Austin chalk. Texas, Dallas County (310).

Clomospira charoides (Jones and Parker) Cushman var. 

corona Cushman and Jarvis

Plate 2, figures 1-3

Giomospira charoides (Jones and Parker) Cushman var. corona

Cushmau and Jarvis, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research

Contr., vol. 4, p. 89, pi. 12, figs. 9-11, 1928; U. S. Nat,

Mus. Proc., vol. 80, art. 14, p. 10, pi. 2, figs. 8-10, 1932,

Renz, 8th Am. Sci. Congress Proc., pp. 528, 529 (lists), 1942.

Giomospira charoides White, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 2, p. 187, pi.

27, fig. 8, 1928.

Variety differing from the typical form in having the 

irregularly coiled later portion in a sort of irregular crown 

at the end of the test instead of coiling about the whole 

test, as in the typical form.

The types of this variety are from the Cretaceous of 

Lizard Springs, Trinidad. It is the form figured by 

White (Jour. Paleontology, vol. 2, pi. 27, fig- 7, 1928) 

from the Velasco shale of Mexico. Recent specimens 

seen, as well as those figured, have the later portion coiling in the long axis of the test after the spiral is completed.

Upper Cretaceous. Pit at Lizard Springs, near Guayaguayart 

southeastern Trinidad; Calex C well, 116 feet, neai 

Lizard Springs, Trinidad.

Hobson clay. San Fernando, Trinidad.

Velasco shale. Near Velasco, Hacienda el Limon, Mexico.

Riding Mountain beds. On Assiniboine River, south of Millwood. 

Manitoba, Canada.

Genus LITUOTUBA Ehumbler, 1895 

Lituotuba lituiformis (H. B. Brady) Rhumbler

Plate 2, figures 4, 5 

Trochammina lituiformis H. B. Brady, Quart. Jour. Micr. Sci..

vol. 19, p. 59, pi. 5, fig. 16, 1879.

LiLuotuba lituiformis Rhumbler, K. Gesell. Wiss. Gottingen 

Nachr., vol. 1, p. 84, 1895; Archiv Protistenkunde, vol 

3, p. 279, text figs. 128a, b, 1903. 

Cushman, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 71, pt. 1, p. 114, text fig.

175, 1910.

Cushman and Jarvis, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research

Contr., vol. 4, p. 90, pi. 12, figs. 15a, b, 1928; U. S. Nat

Mus. Proc., vol. 80, art. 14, p. 10, pi. 2, figs, lla, b, 1932.

Ammodiscus pleurotomarioides Cushman, Am. Assoc. Petroleum

Geologists Bull., vol. 10, p. 582, pi. 15, figs. 3a-c, 1926.

Test composed of a proloculum and long, tubular 

second chamber closely coiled in varying planes, finally 

becoming uncoiled in the adult; wall arenaceous, consisting of abundant sand grains but with a large proportion of cement, giving it a fairly smooth exterior.

The only record in the present material for this species 

is from- the Cretaceous of Trinidad. Franke has described a somewhat similar species from the Upper Cretaceous of Germany. A study of further material when 

it can be obtained should be made in order to determine 

whether or not these American and European Cretaceous 

forms are identical, or whether they may not represent a 

distinct Cretaceous species that may be separated from 

the Recent one.

The material from the Velasco shale of the Tampico 

Embayment region referred to Ammodicus pleurotomarioides Chapman is apparently related to Lituotuba lituiformis.

Uijper Cretaceous. Lizard Springs, near Guayaguayare, southeastern Trinidad. 

Velasco shale. Hacienda el Limon, Mexico.

Genus AMMOLAGENA Elmer and Fickert, 1809

Ammolagena clavata (Jones and Parker)

Eimer and Fickert

Plate 2, figure 6 

Trochammina irregularis var. clavata Jones and Parker, Quart

Jour. Geol. Soc., vol. 16, p. 304, 1860.

Webbina clavata H. B. Brady, Royal Soc. Edinburgh Proc., vol. 

 11, p. 711, 1882; Challenger Rept., Zoology, vol. 9, p. 349,

pi. 41, figs. 12-16, 1884. 

Ammolagena clavata Eimer and Fickert, Zeitschr. Wiss. Zoologie,

vol. 65, p. 673, 1899. 

Cushman, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 71, pt. 1, p. 68, text figs.

86-89, 1910.

Cushman and Jarvis, Cushman Lab. Foram.' Research 

Contr., vol. 4, p. 80, pi. 12, fig. 14, 1928; U. S. Nat. 

Mus. Proc., vol. 80, art. 14, p. 11, pi. 2, fig. 12, 1932.

Test composed of a large proloculum and long, tubular 

second chamber not coiling about the proloculum but 

both chambers attached to other objects; wall finely 

arenaceous, with much cement, smoothly finished.

The only record for this species in the present material 

is from the Upper Cretaceous of Trinidad. Both microspheric and megalospheric forms were found, agreeing 

very closely with Recent material in all their characters. 

Specimens were found attached to Ammodiscus pennyv, 

Giomospira gordialis, and Hyperammina elongata. 

These show that the same general relationship of these 

genera has been kept from the Upper Cretaceous to the 

present time, for in the present oceans Ammolagena 

clavata is very often found attached to these same 

genera and to others of the arenaceous group, as well as 

to some of the flattened calcareous forms.

Upper Cretaceous. Pit at Lizard Springs, near Guayaguayare,

southeastern Trinidad. 

Hobson clay. San Fernando, Trinidad.

Family LITUOLIDAE

Subfamily HAPLOPHRAGMININAE

Genus TROCHAMMINOIDES Cushman, 1910

Trochammiiioides velascoeiisis Cushman

Plate 2, figures 7, 8

Trochamminoides velascoeiisis Cushman, Am. Assoc. Petroleum 

Geologists Bull., vol. 10, p. 583, pi. 15, figs! 2a, b, 1926.

Test closely coiled, compressed, slightly inequilateral', 

periphery rounded; chambers about 8 in the last-formed 

coil, slightly more overlapping on the ventral side than 

on the dorsal, slightly inflated, giving the periphery a 

lobulated appearance; sutures fairly distinct, especially 

in the last-formed coil, slightly depressed; wall slightly 

arenaceous but rather smoothly finished; aperture obscured, near the periphery. Diameter 0.50 mm., thick-, 

ness 0-12 mm.

This species was described from the Velasco shale of 

Mexico^and has not been observed elsewhere in the Upper 

Cretaceous. The chambers are somewhat broader on the 

ventral side, which may be due in part to the conditions 

of fossilization.

Velasco shale. Hacienda el Limon, Mexico.

Genus HAPLOPHEAGMOIDES Cushman, 1910 

Haplophragmoides calcula Cushman and Waters

Plate 2, figures 11, 12

Haplophragmoides calcula Cushman and Waters, Cushman Lab. 

Foram. Research Contr., vol. 2, pt. 4, p. 83, pi. 10, figs. 

5a, b, 1927.

Cushman, Royal Soc. Canada Trans., 3rd ser., vol. 21, sec. 

4, p. 129, pi. 1, fig. 3, 1927.

Test closely coiled, planispiral, very strongly compressed, periphery sometimes slightly lobulate; chambers 

and sutures usually indistinct; wall very coarsely arena-
20 UPPER CRETACEOUS FORAMINIFERA OF GULF COASTAL REGION

ceous, roughly finished on the exterior in spite of the 

considerable amount of cement; color usually dark 

greenish-black. Length up to 1.25. mm., thickness 0.30 

mm.

This species was originally described from the upper 

part of the Navarro group, where it is fairly common. 

Specimens of very similar character are found in the 

upper part of the Taylor and less typical ones extend 

into the Austin. These may be the young stages of an 

Ammobaculites.

Navarro age. 

Kemp clay. Texas, Navarro County (3); Travis County (13,

. 14, 16). 

Corsicana marl. Texas, Hunt County (24); Travis County

(34); Caldwell County (44).

 Prairie Bluff chalk. Mississippi, Chickasaw County (85, 86). 

Nacatoch sand. Arkansas, Lonoke County (77). 

Taylor marl.

Upper part. Texas, Rockwall County (124); Limestone County

(136); Bexar County (163). 

Pecan Gap chalk member. Texas, Kaufman County (173);

Rockwall County (175).

Wolfe City sand member. Texas, Hunt County (184). 

Lower part. Texas, Red River County (199); Collin County 

(207, 212); Dallas County (222, 223);' Kaufman County 

(228, 229). 

Austin age.

Austin chalk. Texas, Grayson County (291, 335). 

Bonham clay. Texas, Lamar County (327).

Haplophragmoides coronata (H. B. Brady) Cushman

Plate 2, figures 20-22

Trochammina coronata H'. B. Brady, Quart. Jour. Micr. Sci., vol. 

19, p. 58, pi. 5, fig. 15, 1879; Challenger Rept., Zoology, 

vol. 9, p. 340, pi. 40, figs. 10-12, 1884. 

Haplophragmoides coronata Cushman, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 71,

pt. 1, p. 99, text figs. 145-147, 1910.

Cushman and Jarvis, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research

Contr., vol. 4, p. 90, pi. 12, fig. 17, 1928; U. S. Nat. Mus

Proc., vol. 80, art. 14, p. 11, pi. 2, figs. 13-15, 1932.

Renz, 8th Am. Sci. Congress Proc., pp. 528, 529 (lists), 1942.

Trochamminoides irregularis White, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 2.

p. 307, pi. 42, fig. 1, 1928. "

Trochamminoides proteus White (not Karrer), idem, vol. 2, p 

308, pi. 42, fig. 2, 1928.

The Cretaceous specimens, though most of them are 

distorted and collapsed, have the general characters of 

the Recent species, which occurs at many places abundantly in the present ocean in this same general region. 

The color of the Recent and Cretaceous forms is usually 

very similar. It is somewhat difficult to distinguish this 

species from Trochammina globigeriniformis, noted later, 

because of the distortion that takes place in fossilization. 

Some very queerly shaped specimens result. The specimens described by White as T. irregularis and T. proteus 

are probably distorted forms of this species, the first 

being probably the megalospheric form and the second 

the microspheric form. These may, however, be much 

distorted forms of T. globigeriniformis, but without 

seeing the original specimens it is difficult to determine 

this, even if it might then be possible. The distortion 

produced is often so great as to obliterate very largely 

the original formUpper Cretaceous. Pit at Lizard Springs, near Guayaguayare.

southeastern Trinidad. 

Hobson clay. San Fernando, Trinidad. 

Tarouba formation (upper part). Southern Trinidad. 

Chaudiere shale. Central Range, Trinidad.

Haplophragmoides eggeri Cushman

Plate 2, figures 9, 10

Haplophragmoides fontinense Egger (not Terquem), Naturwisa. 

Ver. Regensburg Ber., vol. 12, 1907-9, p. 10, pi. 3, figs. 

16-18 (1910).

Haplophragmoides eggeri Cushman, Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., v.ol. 10, p. 583, pi. 15, figs: la, b, 1926. 

Cushman and Jarvis, U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc., vol. 80, art.

14, p. 12, pi. 3, figs. 2a, b, 1932. 

Cushman and Todd, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr.,

vol. 19, p. 51, pi. 9, fig. 2, 1943.

Haplophragmoides cf. subglobosum (G. 0. Sars) Cushman and 

'Jarvis, Gushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 4, p, 

91, pi. 12, figs. 13a, b, 1928.

The specimens of this species are usually more or less 

distorted by fossilization and assume various shapes. 

There are usually but few chambers, 6 or 7 in the lastformed coil, of fairly uniform size and shape, increasing 

slightly as added. The wall is roughened, and the 

.sutures are sometimes distinct but in many specimens 

more or less obscured. Such specimens occur in the 

Cretaceous of Trinidad and have also been described 

from the Velasco shale of Mexico. A few specimens 

from the Navarro beds of the Gulf Coastal Plain of the 

United States are very similar, others from the Taylor 

less so.

Upper Cretaceous. Pit at Lizard Springs, near Guayaguayare.

southeastern Trinidad.

Velasco shale. Hacienda el Limon, Mexico. 

Navarro age.

Corsicana marl. Texas, Limestone County (30).

Prairie Bluff chalk. Mississippi, Chickasaw County (87). 

Taylor age. Annona chalk. Texas, >Red River County (194?).

Haplophragmoides glabra Cushman and Waters

Plate 2, figures 16, 17

Haplophragmoides glabra Cushman and Waters, Cushman Lab. 

Foram. Research Contr., vol. 2, pt. 4, p. 83, pi. 10, figs. 

6a, b, 1927.

Cushman, Royal Soc. Canada Trans., 3d ser., vol. 21, sec. 

4, p. 129, pi. 1, fig..4, 1927.

Test closely coiled, planispiral, somewhat compressed, 

umbilicate, periphery rounded; chambers fairly distinct, 

9 to 10 in the last-formed coil in the adult, rounded; 

sutures slightly curved, slightly depressed; wall finely 

arenaceous, smoothly finished; color dark gray. Diameter up to 0.55 mm., thickness 0.12-0.18 mm.

This species seems to be characteristic of the upper 

part of the Navarro group. It is found in well samples 

from Canada.

Navarro age. 

Kemp clay. Texas, Kaufman County (2); Navarro County

(7); Travis County (13, 15). 

Corsicana marl. Texas, Caldwell County (44); Hunt County

(24). 

Nacatoch sand. Arkansas, White County (76); Lonoke County

(77).

Upper Cretaceous. Rush Lake well, sec. 30, T. 19, R. XI W. 

of 3d meridian, Saskatchewan, Canada.

Haplophragmoides rugosa Cushman and Waters

Plate 2, figures 18, 19 

Haplophragmoides rugosa Cushman and Waters, Cushman Lab.

Foram. Research Contr., vol. 2, pt. 4, p. 83, pi. 10, figa

4a, b, 1927. 

Cushman, Royal Soc. Canada Trans., 3d ser., vol. 21, sec.

4, p. 128, pi. 1, fig. 2, 1927; Tennessee Div. Geology Bull.

41, p. 17, pi. 1, figs. 3a, b, 1931; Cushman Lab. Foram.

Research Special Pub. 5, pi. 4, fig. 27, 1933. 

Cushman and Deaderick, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 18, p.

328, pi. 50, fig. 1, 1944.

Test closely coiled, planispiral, only slightly compressed, deeply umbilicate, periphery broadly rounded; 

chambers 5 to 7 in the last-formed coil, subspherical; 

sutures slightly depressed, radial; wall coarsely arenaceous, of coarse but rather neatly fitted angular sand 

grains, usually dark colored. Diameter 0.50 to 0.60 mm.
LITUOLIDAE 21

The species is widely distributed, but most of the 

specimens at hand are from the Navarro group. Very 

similar specimens occur occasionally in the upper part of 

the Taylor formationNavarro age.

Arkadelphia marl. Arkansas, Hempstead County (70, 72). 

Prairie Bluff chalk. Alabama, Wilcox County (100). 

Well AD-1 of Sun Oil Co., 840 feet in core, east of Richland,

Navarro County, Tex. 

Taylor age.

Upper part of Taylor marl. Texas, Rockwall County (124). 

Selma chalk (middle part). Tennessee, Hardin County (225).

Mississippi, Alcorn County (257). 

Marlbrook marl. Arkansas, Howard County; Hempstead

County.

Haplophragmoides cxcuvata Cushman and Waters

Plate 2, figures 15-15

Haplophragmoides excavata Cushman and Waters, Cushman Lab. 

Foram. Research Contr., vol. 2, pt. 4, p. 82, pi.. 10, figs 

3a, b, 1927. 

Cushrnan, Royal Soc. Canada Trans., 3d ser., vol. 21, sec.

4, p. 128, pi. 1, fig. 1, 1927. 

Cushman and Jarvis, U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc., vol. 80, art.

14, p. 12, pi. 3, fig. 1, 1932.

Cushman and Hedberg, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research 

. Contr., vol. 17, p. 82, pi. 21, figs, la, b, 1941. 

Haplophragmoides sp. Cushman and Jarvis, Cushman Lab. 

Foram. Research Contr., vol. 4, p. 91, pi. 12, fig. 16, 1928.

Test closely coiled, planispiral, compressed, periphery 

subacute; chambers distinct, 10 in the last-formed coil 

in the adult, the borders of each chamber distinctly 

thickened, central portion ctepressed; sutures straight, 

radial, not usually distinct; wall finely arenaceous, with 

a relatively small amount of cement, smoothly finished; 

color usually light gray. Diameter usually about 1.00 

mm., thickness 0.20 to 0.40 mm.

This species is most common in the Kemp clay member 

of the Navarro of Texas. It ranges, however, into the 

Taylor. Geographically the species has a wide distribution, occurring in Trinidad, Colombia, Texas, Arkansas, Mississippi, and western Canada.

Upper Cretaceous. Pit at Lizard Springs, near Guayaguayare

southeastern Trinidad;. 720 feet in well at same locality.

Santander del Norte, Colombia. , Navarro age. 

Kemp clay. Texas, Travis County (13-17); Guadalupe County

(19). 

Corsicana marl. Texas, Caldwell County (44); Hunt County

(24).

Arkadelphia marl. Arkansas, Hempstead County (73). 

Nacatoch sand. Arkansas, Lonoke County (77). 

Neylandville marl. Texas, Hunt County (56). 

Talyor age. 

Wolfe City sand member of Taylor marl. Texas, Hunt County

(186).

Selma chalk (middle part). Mississippi, Lee County (268). 

Lower part of Taylor marl. Texas, Fannin County (204);

Collin County (207, 215); Ellis County (232, 233, 235);

Hill County (237). 

Canada. In well samples as follows: Misty Hills well, sec. 29.

T. 32, R: IV W. of 4th meridian, Alberta; Canora well,

sec. 25, T. 30, R. IV W. of 2d meridian, Saskatchewan;

and Pelican Rapids well, sec. 6, T. 79, R. XVII W. of

4th meridian, Alberta.

Haplophragmoides gigas Cushman

Plate 3, figure 2

Haplophragmoides gigas Cushman, Royal Soc. Canada Trans., 3d 

ser., vol. 21, sec. 4, p. 129, pi. 1, fig. 5, 1927.

Test large, planispiral, compressed; chambers about 

10 with a tendency toward an umbilical lobe, umbilical 

area showing the inner ends of the chambers of the 

preceding coil; sutures somewhat sigmoid, slightly depressed; wall thin, composed largely of cement with a 

small proportion of arenaceous material, smooth; aperture peripheral, at the base of the apertural face, with a 

slight lip. Diameter up to 2.25 mm.

The types of this species are from the Upper Cretaceous of Canada, British Petroleum well No. 3 at 1,921 

to 1,929 feet, sec. 29, T. 45, R. VI W. of 4th meridian, 

Alberta. It also occurred at Rush Lake, Saskatchewan, 

Muddy Lake, Misty Hills, Alberta; and in British 

Petroleum well No. 3 at 2,044 to 2,054 feet and at 2,080 

to 2,086 feet- It is fairly common in this area and may 

represent a local species. Its large size and distinct 

characters, although often distorted in fossilization, 

should make it a good index fossil. It has not been 

recorded from the Gulf coastal region of the United 

States.

Haplophragmoides fraseri Wickenden

Plate 3, figure 1

Haplophragmoides jraseri Wickenden, Royal Soc. Canada Trans., 

3d ser., vol. 26, sec. 4, p. 86, pi. 1, figs. 2a, b, 1932.

Test planispiral, umbilicate, not completely involute, each coil 

overlapping only the previous one; periphery broad and well 

rounded; chambers distinct, 9 or 10 in the last-formed coil; 

sutures slightly curved, nearly radial, slightly depressed; wall 

composed of a few rather fine, angular grains of arenaceous 

material and much cement, smooth; aperture a low arch a little 

to one side of the plane of coiling at the base of the apertural 

face of the last-formed chamber; colour white to yellowish. 

Diameter about 0.3 mm.; thickness 0.13 mm.

Occurrence: Upper Cretaceous, Bearpaw formation. Holotype 

in collection of National Museum of Canada from exposures of 

Bearpaw in bad lands east of Manyberries, sec. 14, T. 5, R. 5, W. 

of 4th meridian. Specimens were also found in samples from 

approximately a hundred feet above the base of the Bearpaw 

on the Oldman River near Lethbridge; on the Saint Marys River, 

sec. 7, T. 7, R. 21 W. of 4th meridian; and near the east end 

of long exposure of Bearpaw on creek about a mile due north 

of Lundbreck, Alberta.

Many specimens of this species are compressed when the 

chambers have not been filled with mineral matter. Under such 

circumstances they can be recognized by the transparency of the 

test and the loose coiling.

The figured specimen is a paratype in our collection. 

The wall of the test is thin and easily distorted. It has 

not as yet been recorded from outside the Canadian area 

from which it was described.

Haplophragmoides kirki Wickenden

Plate 2, figure 23

Haplophragmoides kirki Wickenden, Royal Soc. Canada Trans., 

3d ser., sec. 4, p. 85, pi. 1, figs, la-c, 1932.

Test small, planispiral, close coiled; periphery fairly broad, 

rather well rounded; chambers distinct, completely involute, four 

or five in the last-formed coil; sutures distinct, straight, slightly 

depressed; walls smooth, of fine arenaceous material with much 

cement; aperture a low arch, at the base of the apertural face 

of the last-formed chamber; colour white to yellowish. Diameter 

0.33 mm.; thickness about 0.20 mm.

Occurrence: Upper Cretaceous, Bearpaw shale, Alberta. Holotype in collection of the National Museum of Canada from 

exposures of Bearpaw east of Manyberries, Alberta, sec. 14, T. 

5, R. 5 W. of 4th meridian. Other specimens were found in 

samples of Bearpaw from exposures on the Oldman River near 

Lethbridge; on the Saint Marys River, sec. 7, T. 7, R. 21 west 

of 4th meridian; and near the eastern end of the Bearpaw 

exposure north of Lundbreck, Alberta.

This species has also been found in the Riding Mountain beds 

near Millwood, Manitoba, and in well samples from the Lea Park 

and Pakowki in Alberta and Saskatchewan.

The figured specimen is a paratype in our collection. 

The species has not yet been found in the Cretaceous of 

the Coastal Plain region of the United States, but other
22 UPPER CRETACEOUS FORAMINIFERA OF GULF COASTAL REGION

species are common to the two regions and this species 

may later be found in Texas or adjacent areas.

Haplophragmoides flagleri Cushman and Hedberg

Plate 66, figure 1

Haplophragmoides flagleri Cushman and Hedberg, Cushman Lab. 

Foram. Research Contr., vol. 17, p. 82, pi. 21, figs. 2a, b, 

1941.

Test small, planispiral, mostly evolute, the sides depressed,' periphery broadly rounded, test characteristically found with chambers collapsed or flattened in a 

plane at right angles to the axis of coiling; chambers 

of the later portion distinct, 8-10 in the adult coil, those 

of the earlier coils usually hidden under the accumulated 

matrix, increasing gradually in size as added but of 

rather uniform shape.throughout, sutures very slightly 

if at all depressed; wall very finely arenaceous with much 

cement, smooth; aperture a low opening at the base of 

the apertural face at the periphery. Diameter 0.45 mm., 

thickness 0.22 mm.

This species differs from H. glabra Cushman and 

Waters in the much more evolute test, greatest thickness 

near the periphery, which is broadly rounded. The 

species is apparently confined to the lower zone of the 

Colon formation, where it is common and constitutes a 

good guide fossil.

The only record for this species is from the type locality in the Upper Cretaceous, Colon formation, lower zone 

at Quebrada Mito Juan, Department of Santander del 

Norte, Colombia.

Genus CRIBROSTOMOIDES Cushman, 1910 

Cribrostomoides trinitatensis Cushman and Jarvis

Plate 3, figure 3

Cribrostomoides trinitatensis Cushman and Jarvis, Cushman Lab. 

Foram. Research Contr., vol 4, p. 91, pi. 12, figs. 12a, b, 

1928; U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc., vol. 80, art. 14, p. 12, pi. 

3, fig. 3, 1932. 

Renz, 8th Am. Sci. Congress Proc., p. 528 (list), 1942.

Test subglobular, closely coiled, completely involute, 

periphery very broadly rounded; chambers 5 or 6, inflated, rather low; sutures distinct, very slightly depressed; wall coarsely arenaceous but smoothly finished; 

aperture consisting of a number of pores just above the 

base of-the apertural face. Length 0.60 mm., breadth 

0.50 mm., thickness 0.50 mm.

This is a somewhat broader and more globular form 

than the Recent species and is fairly abundant in Cretaceous material from Trinidad. The genus has apparently 

not been recorded elsewhere in the Cretaceous, and no 

other localities have so far yielded this species.

Upper Cretaceous. Pit at Lizard Springs, near Guayaguayare, 

southeastern Trinidad.

Genus AMMOBACULITES Cushman, 1910 

Ammobaculites alexanderi Cushman

Plate 3, figure 4

Ammobaculites alexanderi Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 9, p. 51, pi. 5, figs. 5a-c, 1933.

Test elongate, the sides nearly parallel in side view, 

in peripheral view much compressed in the early stages 

but becoming inflated toward the apertural end; chambers of the early portion indistinct, composed of only 

4 or 5 chambers in a coil, later ones uncoiled, increasing 

rather rapidly in length as added; sutures not very distinct, very slightly depressed, those of the early portion 

nearly radial and straight, later ones slightly curved; 

wall arenaceous, composed largely of angular sand grains

with a comparatively small amount of cement, the surface fairly smooth; aperture in the uncoiled portion small, 

terminal, nearly circular. Length 0.40 to 0.50 mm., 

breadth 0.20 to 0.25 mm., thickness of the adult chambers 0.12 to 0.15 mm.

This species may be distinguished from most of the 

others of the Upper Cretaceous by the very much compressed early chambers and increasing diameter of the 

later uncoiled ones. The only localities are from the 

upper part of the Taylor marl.

Taylor marl, upper part. Texas, Lamar County (202); Ellis 

County (231).

Ammobaculites arenatua Cushman

Plate 3, figure 5

Ammobaculites arenata Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 9, p. 50, pi. 5, fig. 4, 1933.

Test elongate, in the adult about twice as long as broad, 

very much compressed; chambers and 'sutures very indistinct, but young specimens show-that in the early stages 

chambers are coiled and the later ones uncoiled; wall 

coarsely arenaceous, somewhat roughened, composed of 

angular flaky fragments with a considerable amount of 

cement. Length of holotype- 2.10 mm., breadth 1.00 

mm., thickness 0.25 mm.

This is a very much compressed species, related somewhat to Haplophragmoides calcula Cushman and Waters 

and also to Ammobaculites expansus Plummer, the latter 

described from the Midway. A. arenatus has been found 

only at the type locality in the upper part of the 

Navarro group.

Navarro age. Arkadelphia marl. Arkansas, Hempstead County 

(72).

Ammobaculites colombianus Cushman and Hedberg

Plate 3, figure 6

Ammobaculites colombiana Cushman and Hedberg, Cushman 

Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 6, p. 68, pi. 9, figs. 

4a, b, 1930; idem, vol. 17, p. 83, pi. 21, fig. 3, 1941.

Test comparatively large, very much compressed, only 

the last 2 or 3 chambers uncoiled, the remainder forming 

a closely coiled, planispiral test; chambers fairly distinct, 

numerous, 8 to 10 in the last-formed whorl of the coiled 

portion, very slightly inflated in the adult; sutures fairly 

distinct, slightly depressed; wall rather coarsely arenaceous, with considerable cement, and -rather smoothly 

finished on the exterior; aperture elliptical, terminal in 

the adult. Maximum length 1.10 mm., breadth 0.90 mm.

The only record for this fine, large species seems to be 

from the type locality in the Upper Cretaceous, Rio 

Lebrija, Department of Santander, Colombia.

Ammobaculites coprolithiformis (Schwager) Cushman

Plate 3, figures 7-9 

Haplophragmium coprolithiforme Schwager, Benecke's Geogn.-

paleont. Beitrage, vol. 1, p. 654, pi. 34, fig. 3, 1868. 

Ammobaculites coprolithiforme Cushman, Royal Soc. Canada 

Trans., 3d ser., vol. 21, sec. 4, p. 130, pi. 1, figs. 6, 7, 1927. 

Cushman and Jarvis, U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc., vol. 80, art.

14, p. 13, pi. 3, figs. 4, 5, 1932. 

Wickenden, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 6, pt. 2, p. 204, pi. 29,

fig. 2, 1932. 

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Special Pub.

5, pi. 5, fig. 10, 1933.

Cushman and Deaderick, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research 

Contr., vol. 18, p. 51, pi. 9, fig. 9, 1942; Jour. Paleontology, 

vol. 18, p. 328, pi. 50, fig. 2, 1944.

Test elongate, early portion closely coiled, later chambers rectilinear, of uniform width, generally circular in
LITUOLIDAE 23

section; sutures distinct, depressed; wall arenaceous but 

smoothly finished; aperture circular, terminal. Length 

up to 1.50 mm., breadth Oi65 mm.

This species, originally described from the Cretaceous 

of Europe, has already been recorded from the Upper 

Cretaceous of western Canada. Identical specimens 

occur in the Cretaceous of Trinidad, and the very striking 

similarity of these may be seen by comparing the figures 

of the specimens from the two regions. It is quite 

probable that some of the European specimens referred 

to Ammobaculites agglutinans may belong to Schwager's 

species. The figures seem to be very similar. Such 

specimens occur from the Eagle Ford shale to the 

Navarro group, and are all included here under the one 

name. Further study of larger series from various parts 

of the Cretaceous section may show these to be divisible 

into several species.

Upper Cretaceous. 720 feet in well at Lizard Springs, near 

Guayaguayare, southeastern Trinidad. Western Canada. 

British Petroleum well No. 3, 2,044 to 2,054 feet, Alberta. 

Hobson clay. San Fernando, Trinidad. 

Velasco shale. Hacienda el Limon, Vera Cruz, Mexico. 

Navarro age.

Corsicana marl. Texas, Travis County (34); Caldwell County 

(44).

Arkadelphia marl. Arkansas Hempstead County (70, 72). .

Selraa chalk (upper part). Alabama, Marengo County (104). 

Taylor age.

Marlbrook marl. Arkansas, Clark County; Hempstead County.

Annona chalk. Texas, Red River County (194).

Ozan formation. Arkansas^. Little River County (254). 

Austin age.

Brownstown marl. Arkansas, Sevier County.

Blossom sand. Texas, Fannin County (322). 

Eugle Ford shale. Texas, Dallas County (363).

Ammobaculites fragmentarius Cushman

Plate 3, figures 10-16

Ammobaculites jwflmentaria Cushman, Royal Soc. Canada Trans., 

3d ser., vol. 21, sec. 4, p. 130, pi. 1, fig. 8, 1927; Tennessee 

Div. Geology Bull. 41, p. 18, pi. 1, figs. 4a, b, 1931. 

Cushman and Deaderick, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 18, p. 329, 

pi. 50, fig. 4, 1944. .

Test large, compressed, early portion planispiral, later 

and larger portion uniserial, rectilinear, with the sides 

tapering; chambers distinct, gradually increasing in size 

as added, greatest width of the .test made by the lastformed chamber; sutures distinct, depressed; wall of. 

coarse sand, in flat flakes, rather neatly cemented; aperture elliptical, terminal. Length up to 1.50 mm.

This species was originally described from the Upper 

Cretaceous of western Canada. The wall is usually of 

a peculiar flaky character, which, with the tapering test 

and the considerable number of uncoiled chambers, makes 

it easily distinguishable from other species of the genus. 

It occurs in Texas in the middle and lower parts of the 

Taylor and at a single locality in the Austin chalk.

Upper Cretaceous. Western Canada, British Petroleum well No. 

3, 1,896 to 1,904 feet, sec. 29, T. 45, R. VI W. of 4th 

meridian, Alberta.

Navarro age. Ripley formation. Tennessee, Benton County.(93). 

Taylor age.

Marlbrook marl. Arkansas, Clark County.

Pecan Gap chalk member of Taylor marl. Texas, Collin County

(170). 

Wolfe City sand member of Taylor marl. Texas, Hunt County

(186).

Annona chalk. Texas, Red River County (192). 

Lower part of Taylor marl. Texas, Ellis County (234). 

Austin age. Bonham marl. Texas, Lamar County (329).

Ammobaculites tayloreiisis Cushman and Waters

Plate 3, figure 21

Ammobaculites taylorensis Cushman and Waters, Cushman Lab. 

Foram. Research Contr., vol. 5, p. 64, pi. 10, figs. 6a, b.

1929.

Cushman, Cushman -Lab. Foram. Research Special Pub. 5, 

pi. 5, fig. 12, 1933.

Test large, compressed, early portion closely1 coiled, 

completely involute, planispiral, composed of 4 or 5 

chambers to each coil, later portion uncoiled, uniserial, 

rapidly increasing in breadth; chambers distinct, the later 

ones rapidly increasing in width as added; sutures _distinct, slightly depressed, gently curved; wall coarsely 

arenaceous, but smoothly finished, firmly cemented; 

aperture in the adult terminal, elliptical, simple. Maximum length 1.25 mm., breadth 0.80 mm., thickness 

0.25 mm.

This species was originally described from the Upper 

Cretaceous Taylor marl in the Sun Oil Co.'s well Martindale D-10, Caldwell County, Tex., at 760 feet in core. 

This is a rather striking species and should have a wider 

range in the Taylor than is apparent from the present 

records.

Ammobaculites subcretaceus Cushman and Alexander

Plate 3, figures 18-20

Ammobaculites subcretacea Cushman and Alexander, Cushman 

Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 6, p. 6, pi. 2, figs. 9, 10,

1930.

Albritton, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 11, p. 20, pi. 4, figs. 3, 4, 

1937.

Test small, compressed, earlier portion closely coiled, 

later 3 or 4 chambers uncoiled in a straight, linear series 

only slightly increasing in diameter as added, the greatest 

diameter of each chamber below the middle; sutures 

indistinct in the coiled portions, slightly depressed in the 

uncoiled portion; wall coarsely arenaceous, of angular, 

clear grains with a small amount of light-gray cement, 

surface somewhat roughened; aperture terminal, narrowly elliptical. Length 0.70 to 0.80 mm., diameter of 

coiled portion 0.35 to 0.45 mm., thickness 0.10 to 0.12 mm.

The types of this species were from the upper middle 

Goodland formation at Lake Worth, near Fort Worth, 

Tex- Numerous specimens of a very much flattened 

form in the Eagle Ford shale seem identical with the 

types. The microspheric form is slightly evolute, but 

the early stages of the megalospheric form are entirely 

involute. The later uncoiled chambers, however, are 

very similar in form.

Eagle Ford shale. Texas, Ellis County (364). 

Ammobaculites texanus Cushman

Plate 3, figures 22, 23

Ammobaculites texana Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research 

Contr., vol. 9, p. 50, pi. 5, fig. 3, 1933.

Test large, compressed, periphery lobulated and 

rounded, the umbilical region somewhat excavated and 

the test becoming somewhat evolute in the adult; chambers fairly distinct, especially in the adult, usually 5 

or 6 in the coil in the younger stages, slightly more in 

the adult before the uncoiling takes place, slightly inflated, especially in the later development; sutures indistinct, very slightly depressed; wall very coarsely arenaceous, compressed, of rather large fragments with a 

considerable proportion of cement, somewhat roughly 

finished in the young stages, but becoming smoother in 

the adult. Diameter of adult holotype 2.65 mm., thickness 0.60 mm.
24 UPPER CRETACEOUS FORAMINIFERA OF GULF COASTAL REGION

The types of this species are from the Navarro, 3 

feet below the base of the Exogyra-Gryphaea bed, San 

Antonio road, 6 miles east of Castroville, Bexar County, 

Tex. At this particular locality the species is fairly 

common and well developed. It is one of the largest and 

most striking species of this genus in the Upper Cretaceous of America and has not been found elsewhere.

Navarro age. Corsicana marl. Texas, Bexar County (46).

Ammobaculites stephensoiii Cushmaii

Plate 3, figure 17

Ammobaculites stephensoni Cushmaii, Cushmaa Lab. Foram. Research Coutr., vol. 9, p. 49, pi. 5, figs. 2a, b, 1933; idem, 

vol. 20, p. 2, pi. 1, fig. 3, 1944.

Cushmaa and Deaderick, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 18, p. 

329, pi. 50, fig. 3, 1944.

Test very much compressed, the earlier portion closely 

coiled and somewhat involute, later portion uncoiled, 

periphery rounded; chambers rather indistinct, comparatively few, 4 or 5 in a coil; sutures indistinct, nearly 

straight; wall rather coarsely arenaceous but with a 

large proportion of cement and with fairly smooth finish. 

Length of holotype 0.80 mm., breadth 0.50 mm., thickness 0.20 mm.

The types of this species are from the Taylor marl, 

main Chilton road 14 miles south by west of Waco, 

McLennan County, Tex.

The species also occurs rather widely distributed in 

beds of Taylor age, including the upper part of the 

Taylor marl, Wolfe City sand member, Pecan Gap chalk 

member, Annona chalk, and lower part of the Taylor 

marl. There are also specimens that seem to be similar 

from the Bonham marl, as well as one or two specimens 

from the Eagle Ford shale.

These specimens all seem to have a general similarity, 

but the number of specimens at any one station is not 

great, and more than one form may possibly be -represented by the series.

Taylor age.

Upper part of Taylor marl. Texas, Travis County (145);

Guadalupe County (151); Bexar County (154, 161, 162),

Marlbrook marl. Arkansas, Clark County; Hempstead County.

Pecan Gap chalk member of Taylor marl. Texas, Collin County

(171); Delta County (166). 

Wolfe City sand member of Taylor marl. Texas, Hunt County

(184, 186).

Annona chalk. Texas, Red River County (192, 193). 

Lower part of Taylor marl. Texas, Dallas County (218); Ellis 

County (231, 233); McLennan County (243); Travis 

County (250).

Austin age. Bonham marl. Texas, Lamar County (330). 

Eagle Ford shale. Texas, Dallas County (363).

Ammobaculites lueckei Cushman and Hedberg

_ Plate 66, figure 2

Ammobaculites lueckei Cushman and Hedberg, Cushman Lab. 

Foram. Research Contr., vol. 17, p. 83, pi. 21, figa. 4a, b. 

1941.

Test with the early portion irregularly coiled, the 

later portion uncoiled and rectilinear; chambers few, 

inflated, earlier ones gradually increasing in size as 

added, later uncoiled ones rounded, slightly overlapping; 

sutures distinct, depressed; wall finely but distinctly 

arenaceous, smoothly finished; aperture terminal, elliptical, at the end of a short neck. Length 0.40 to 0.45 

mm., diameter 0.08 to 0.10 mm.

This species differs from A. coprolithiformis 

(Schwager) in the irregular coiling of the early portion, 

nearly spherical chambers, and the finely arenaceous, 

smoothly finished wall.

The only record for this species is the type locality, 

Upper Cretaceous, lower zone of the Colon formation, 

Quebrada Mito Juan, Department of Santander del 

Norte, Colombia.

Genus FLABELLAMMINA Cushman, 1928 

Flabellammina saratogaeiisis Cushman

Plate 3, figures 24, 25 

Flabellammina saratogaensis Cushman, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 5,

p. 298, pi. 34, figs, la, b, 1931.

Alexander and Smith, idem, vol. 6, p. 305, pi. 46, fig. 4, 1932. 

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Special Pub. 4, 

pi. 10, figs. 8a, b, 1933; idem, Special Pub. 5, pi. 5, .fig. 16. 

1933.

Test much compressed, periphery rounded, early portion closely coiled and involute, later adult chambers 

uncoiled, the a'xis becoming straight; chambers fairly 

distinct especially those of the later portion, increasing 

very slightly in size as added; sutures fairly distinct, 

only slightly depressed; wall coarsely arenaceous, composed of large grains of various sorts firmly cemented 

and with a fairly smooth surface; aperture elongate, 

elliptical, terminal. Length of holotype 1.25 mm., 

breadth 0.95 mm., thickness 035 mm.

This species was described from the Saratoga chalk at 

its .type locality. It occurs at other localities in the 

Saratoga and also in the Marlbrook marl.

Navarro age. Saratoga chalk. Arkansas, Howard County (79) ;

Hempstead County (80). 

Taylor age. Ozan formation. Arkansas, Little River County

(254).

Flabellammina clava Alexander and Smith

Plate 4, figures 1, 2

Flabellammina clava Alexander and Smith, Jour. Paleontology, 

vol. 6, p. 304, pi. 45, figs. 12, 14, 1932.

Test elongate, early portion coiled, somewhat compressed, thickened toward the apertural end, some individuals with the final chambers distinctly inflated, giving 

a clublike appearance to the test; chambers indistinct; 

sutures indistinct; wall coarsely arenaceous,- largely 

composed of elongated fragments of Inoceramus prisms 

and other large angular fragments embedded in a ground 

mass of finer material, surface roughly finished. Length 

up to 2.00 mm., breadth 0.85 mm.

This species seems to be restricted to the upper part 

of the Austin chalk in the north Texas area, recorded 

by Alexander and Smith as follows:

Austin chalk, thick clay seam exposed in a road cut at the south 

edge of McKinney, on the Dallas-Sherman highway, Texas.

Flabellammina rugosa Alexander and Smith

Plate 4, figures 9, 10

Flabellammina rugosa Alexander and Smith, Jour. Paleontology, 

vol. 6, p. 302, pi. 45, figs. 6-9, text-fig. 1, 1932.

Test compressed, elongate, narrow, periphery rounded, 

rough and irregular; chambers of uniserial portion few, 

high and only slightly recurved; sutures indistinct; wall 

very coarsely arenaceous, consisting of coarse fragments 

of various sorts with other foraminiferal tests often included, surface rough. Length of holotype 1.70 mm., 

breadth 0.80 mm.

The types of this species are from the Lower Cretaceous of Texas, but the authors also record it from theupper part of the Austin chalk on a bank of a small 

stream just west of a concrete culvert 3.4 miles northeast 

of White Rock Dam, on the Dallas-Garland road, Texas.
LITUOLIDAE 25

Specimens in our material that seem referable to this 

species are from the upper part of the Taylor marl.

Taylor marl, upper part. Texas, Limestone County (135).

Flubcllnmininu magna Alexander and Smith

Plate 4, figures 7, 8

Flabellammina magna Alexander and Smith, Jour. Paleontology, 

vol. 6, p. 306, pi. 46, figs. 10, 11, 1932.

Test large, elongate, 2 to 3 times as long as broad, 

thick, moderately compressed, broad surface flat or 

slightly concave, periphery rounded; microspheric form 

increasing rapidly in width toward the apertural end, 

megalbspheric form more slender, even somewhat contracted toward the apertural end; chambers numerous, 

up to 8 to 10 in the adult; sutures depressed, especially 

in the later portion and in the median line of the test; 

wall coarsely arenaceous, composed of large angular 

mineral fragments with a fine, light-gray ground mass. 

Microspheric form, length up to 3.65 mm., breadth 2.15 

mm- Megalospheric form, length up to 4.20 mm., 

breadth 1.90 mm.

The authors record this species from the Pecan Gap 

chalk member of the Taylor marl (calcareous clay, roadside ditch 0.7 mile west of Forney, on the Forney-Mesquite road, Kaufman County, Tex.) and from the Escondido clay (road cut on San Antonio-Castroville highway 

5 miles east of Castroville, Medina'County, Tex.).

Flnbellaniniinu coinprcssa (Beissel) Alexander and Smith

» Plate 4, figures 3-6 

Haplophragmium compressum Beissel, Preuss. geol. Landesanstalt Abh., new ser., vol. 3, p. 16, pi. 4, figs. 11-23, 1891. 

Ammobaculites compressa Franke, idem, vol. 11, p. 166, pi. 15,

fig. 10, 1928.

Flabellammina compressa Alexander and Smith, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 6, p. 305, pi. 46, figs. 2, 3, 5-9, 1932. 

Brotzen, Sveriges geol. undersokning, ser. C, No. 396, p. 32, 

pi. 1, figs. 9a, b, text fig. 4, 1936.

Test strongly compressed, the flat surface rounded or 

elongate, elliptical or ovoid, periphery bluntly rounded; 

chambers few, somewhat indistinct, usually only 3 in the 

uniserial portion, sutures fairly distinct, slightly depressed, curved; wall coarsely arenaceous, composed of 

angular fragments, mostly of clear quartz grains but with 

other, dark-colored minerals that give a speckled appearance, and a fine, light-gray groundmass. Length up to 

2.40 mm., breadth 1.40 mm.

This species, which has been identified with that of 

Beissel from the Senonian of Europe, occurs in the Taylor 

marl of Texas. The European specimens from the type 

locality are somewhat thicker and usually more elongate 

than the American specimens.

Taylor age.

Upper part of Taylor marl. Texas, Travis County (145, 149). 

Annona chalk. Texas, Red River County (195). 

Lower part of Taylor marl. Texas, Kaufman County (228).

Genus FRANKEINA Cushman and Alexander, 1929 

Frankcina taylorensis Cushman and Waters

Plate 5, figures 1, 2 

Frankeina taylorensis Cushman and Waters, Cushman Lab. Foram.

Research Contr., vol. 5, p. 63, pi. 10, figs. 3a, b, 1929. 

Alexander and Smith, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 6, p. 310, 

pi. 47, figs. 7, 9, 1932.

Test large, the earliest portion planispirally coiled, 

later portion uncoiled, uniserial, triangular in section, the 

sides concave; chambers distinct, slightly inflated; sutures distinct, very slightly depressed, in the middle of

the concave faces bent strongly toward the apertural 

end, at the angles bent downward toward the initial end; 

wall coarsely arenaceous, somewhat roughly finished, 

firmly cemented; aperture in the adult terminal, simple. 

Maximum length 2.25 mm., breadth 1.25 mm.

The holotype of this species is from the Taylor marl 

in a 360-foot core sample, Sun Oil Co.'s well Martindale 

D-10, Caldwell County, Tex. It occurs in several outcrop samples from the Taylor, and rare specimens resembling it occur in the Saratoga chalk of Arkansas.

This is a large, striking species with a rather coarse 

exterior, but the structure is well shown. The early 

planispiral portion is greatly reduced and appears only 

at the base of the test. The uncoiled portion, though 

gently triangular is not always symmetrical, the face in 

the line of the planispiral coiling of the young usually 

being narrower than are the lateral faces.

It would take but a little more acceleration for the 

coiled stage to be entirely left out, in which case the 

whole test would become uniseriat and triangular, and 

such a test would be difficult to distinguish from rounded 

species of Pseudoclavulina unless the early portion were 

sectioned.

Navarro age. Saratoga chalk. Arkansas, Hempstead County (80)

(?)

Taylor age. 

Upper part of Taylor marl.. Texas, Travis County (145, 149);

Bexar County (158, 161, 162). 

Annona chalk. Texas, Red River County (198). 

Lower part of Taylor marl. Texas, Bell County (245).

Frankeina cushmaiii Alexander and Smith

Plate 4, figures 11, 12 

Haplophragmium murchisoni Beissel -(not Reuss), Preuss. geol.

Landesanstalt Abh., new ser., vol. 3, p. 15, pi. 4, figs. 1-10,

1891. 

Ammobaculites murchisoni Franke, idem, vol. Ill, p. 165, pi. 15,

fig. 5, 1928. 

Frankeina cushmani Alexander and Smith, Jour. Paleontology,

vol. 6, p. 309, pi. 47, figs. 10, 11, 1932.

Test 1% to 2 times as long as broad, triangular in end 

view, with the sides concave, the angles rounded, early 

portion planispiral, well developed and distinct, uniserial 

portion with few (3 to 6) chambers; sutures depressed, 

more strongly so near the middle of the concave faces, 

less so toward the angles; wall coarsely arenaceous, composed of large angular mineral grains with occasional 

fragments of foraminiferal or molluscan shells, surface 

rather roughly finished. Length up to 1.50 mm., breadth 

0.85 mm.

This species seems to be distinctive for the Pecan Gap 

chalk member of the Taylor marl. It is shorter and more 

roughly finished than F. taylorensis.

Taylor age. 

Pecan Gap chalk member of Taylor marl. Texas, Collin County

(172); Rockwall County (176). 

Upper part of Taylor marl. Texas, Travis County (145).

Frankeina rugosissima Alexander and Smith

Plate 4, figures 13, 14

Frankeina rugosissima Alexander and Smith, Jour. Paleontology, 

vol. 6, p. 311, pi. 47, figs. 12, 13, 1932.

Test large, elongate, 2 to 3 times as long as broad, 

early planispiral portion well developed, compressed, 

uniserial portion enlarging rapidly at the start, thence 

with the sides nearly parallel, in end view triangular, 

the sides slightly concave, the angles bluntly rounded; 

sutures slightly depressed, particularly in the later portion; wall coarsely arenaceous, composed of coarse
26 UPPER CRETACEOUS FORAMINIFERA OF GULF COASTAL REGION

mineral fragments, irregular in size and shape, with 

numerous adventitious fragments of Foraminifera or 

shells of Mollusca, Ostracoda, etc., firmly cemented, 

roughly finished; aperture narrow, slitlike, at the end of 

a low terminal protuberance. Length up to 3.75 mm., 

breadth 1.85 mm.

This species has been found only in the Taylor marl 

and is recorded by the authors from the following locality: Taylor marl, chalky clays in gully north of AustinManor highway near the east end of a long bridge over 

Walnut Creek 6 miles northeast of Austin, Travis 

County, Tex.

Genus HAPLOPHRAGMIUM Reuss, 1860 

Haplophragmium taylorense Cushman and Waters

Plate 5, figures 3, 4

Haplophragmium taylbrensis Cushman and Waters, Cushman Lab. 

Foram. Research Contr., vol. 5, p. 64, pi. 10, figs. 4, 5, 1929.

Test large, cylindrical, early portion closely coiled and 

always completely involute, later and larger portion uncoiled, uniserial chambers in a rectilinear series; chambers distinct in the uncoiled portion but somewhat obscured in the early coiled portion; sutures somewhat 

indistinct, very slightly depressed; wall coarsely arenaceous but with a fairly smooth exterior, very firmly 

cemented; aperture in the early stages simple, in the 

later chambers becoming multiple. Length of the adult 

up to 3.00 mm., diameter 0.85 mm.

The holotype of this species is from the Upper Cretaceous Taylor marl in the Sun Oil Co.'s well Martindale D-1.0, Caldwell County, Tex.

This is a large, striking , species with apparently a 

rather limited vertical distribution in the lower part of 

the Taylor marl. Somewhat similar specimens occur 

in the upper part of the Austin chalk. The chambers 

are simple, although the aperture becomes multiple. 

Complete specimens are rare, as the early portion is 

easily broken away, and more than one species may be 

included here.

Taylor marl, lower part. Texas, Williamson County (246). 

Austin chalk. Texas, Dallas County (311, 314).

Subfamily LITUOLINAE 

Genus CYCLAMMINA H. B. Brady, 1876 

Cyclammina elegans Cushman and Jarvis

Plate 5, figure 5 

Cyclammina elegans Cushman and Jarvis, U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc..

vol. 80, art. 14, p. 13, pi. 3, figs. 6a, b, 1932. 

Macfadyen, Discovery Repts., vol. 7, p. 7, text figs, m, n.

1933.

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Special Pub. 5, 

pi. 6, fig. 2, 1933.

Test comparatively large, closely coiled, periphery 

somewhat tabulated and subacute or at least compressed; 

chambers numerous, usually 10 to 12 in the last-formed 

coil; sutures distinct, slightly depressed, usually sigmoid; 

wall smooth, distinctly arenaceous, .thin, with the very 

even cancellated structure of the interior showing 

through; aperture consisting of a low, curved arch at the 

base of the apertural face with numerous supplementary, 

rounded openings scattered over the central portion of 

the apertural face, often with slightly raised borders. 

Length 2.00 mm., breadth 1.25 mm., thickness 0.85 mm.

This is a fairly common species in the Upper Cretaceous of Trinidad- It is fairly common in this material 

and is characterized particularly by the very thin outer 

wall and the distinct markings caused by the cancellated 

interior, which shows distinctly from the outside.

Macfadyen has recorded this species from the Cretaceous of the Antarctic.

Upper Cretaceous. Pit at Lizard Springs, near Guayaguayare, 

southeastern Trinidad.

Genus LITUOLA Lamarck, 1804 

Lituola taylorensis Cushman and Waters

Plate 5, figure 6 

Lituola taylorensis Cushman and Waters, Cushman Lab. Foram.

Research Contr., vol. 5, p. 66, pi. 10, figs. 7a-c, 1929. 

Reiter, Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., vol. 14, p.

323, 1930.

Cushman, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 6, p. 331, 1932; Cushman 

Lab. Foram. Research Special Pub. 5, pi. 6, figs, la-c, 1933.

Test large, somewhat compressed, the larger portion of 

the test planispirally coiled and involute, the later portion 

consisting of a few uncoiled chambers more or less in a 

rectilinear series; chambers labyrinthic, numerous, the 

number in the coil varying greatly in the microspheric 

forms and also in the young and adult stages; sutures 

distinct, slightly depressed; wall coarsely arenaceous, 

but with a large proportion of cement, and smoothly 

finished on the exterior, very firmly cemented; aperture 

in the earlier stages at the base of the apertural face 

quickly passing to the central portion of the apertural 

face and becoming multiple, in the uncoiled adult becoming terminal, the various openings taking up a large 

proportion of the face. Maximum length 5.00 mm., 

breadth 3.75 mm., thickness 1.25 mm.

The holotype of this species is from the upper part of 

the Taylor marl at the Marquez salt dome, Leon County, 

Tex. This is a fine, large species and is useful as a 

marker. The wall is very solid and firmly cemented, so 

that it is not easily broken. The labyrinthic walls have 

the opening small and the main cavity of the chambers 

nearly filled. Our records are chiefly from the upper 

part of the Taylor marl, with one from the Annona chalk. 

Very similar specimens occur in the Burditt marl (of 

Adkins), but they need further study.

Taylor age.

Upper part of Taylor marl. Texas, Collin County (121) ; Leon 

County (138); Travis County (145, 149); Hays County 

(150).

Annona chalk. Texas, Bowie County (190). 

Austin age. Burditt marl (of Adkins). Texas, Bell County (269)

Lituola irregulariter Cushman

Plate 5, figures 7, 8

Lituola irregulariter Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research 

Contr., vol. 15, p. 89, pi. 16, figs. 9, 10, 1939.

Test large, the early portion closely coiled and broadly 

rounded, later becoming uncoiled, uniserial; chambers 

fairly distinct in some specimens, very indistinct in 

others, the early portion closely coiled, planispiral, later 

uncoiled and much inflated; sutures somewhat depressed, 

in many specimens obscure; wall coarsely arenaceous, 

composed of large angular fragments embedded in finer 

material with a considerable amount of cement, the 

surface fairly smoothly finished; aperture in the young 

simple, in many adults with several openings. Length 

up to 3.00 mm. or more; diameter up to 1-50 mm.

The types are from the lower part -of the Taylor marl 

1.9 miles east of Bristol, Ellis County, Tex.

This very large species is rather common in some lower 

parts of the Taylor marl, especially in cores. It is larger, 

more rounded, and more irregular than Lituola taylorensis Cushman and Waters. It is apparently close to or 

identical with the species described by Roemer as Spiro-
TEXTULARIIDAE 27

Iwia irregularis, but as irreyularis has already been used 

under the genus Lituola another name must be used 

even if it is found to be identical with Roomer's species.

Taylor marl, lower part. Texas, Ellis County (234).

Family TEXTULARIIDAE

Genus SPIROPLECTAMMINA Cushman, 1927

SpJroplectammina excolata (Cushman) Cushman and Jarvis

Plate 5, figures 9, 10 

TexLularia excolata Cushman, Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists

Bull., vol. 10, p. 585, pi. 15, figs. 9a, b, 1926. 

White, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 3, p. 50, pi. 4, figs, la, b,

1929. 

Spiroplectammina excolata Cushman and Jarvis, U. S. Nat. Mus.

Proc., vol. 80, art. 14, p. 14, pi. 3, figs. 9, 10, 1932. 

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 8, 

p. 94, 1932.

Test as broad as long, the sides flattened or somewhat 

convex; periphery, of early portion at least, acute; 

chambers few, the sides somewhat concave; sutures distinct owing to the thickening of the peripheral edge, the 

surface below being somewhat concave; wall smoothly 

finished.

This species, originally described from the Velasco 

shale of Mexico and later recorded by White from the 

same formation, occurs in the Upper Cretaceous of 

Trinidad, where it is fairly common. Apparently this 

species lived in comparatively deep water, and it seems 

to be limited to the two regions. Two specimens are 

figured, one of which is a rather extreme .form in which 

the excavations of the chambers are carried to a very 

unusual degree.

Velasco shale: Hacienda el Limon, Mexico. 

Upper Cretaceous: Pit at Lizard Springs, near Cuayaguayare, 

southeastern Trinidad.

Spiroplectammina dcntata (Alth) Cushman and Jarvis

Plate 5, figure 11 

Texiulmia dentata Alth, Haidinger's Naturwiss. Abh., vol. 3, p.

262, pi. 13, fig. 13, 1850. 

Spiroplectammina dentata Cushman and Jarvis, U. S. Nat. Mus.

Proc., vol. 80, art. 14, p. 14, pi. 3, figs. 7a, b, 1932. 

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 8, 

p. 91, pi. 11, figs. 7a, b, 1932.

Test much compressed, about l 3/^ times as long as 

broad, periphery subacute, the ends of the chambers 

extended out into short spinose processes; chambers distinct, low and broad, numerous, increasing very slightly 

in height but increasing rapidly in breadth as added; 

sutures distinct, very slightly if at all curved, making an 

angle of about 30° from the horizontal, very slightly if 

at all depressed; wall finely arenaceous, with much 

cement, and smoothly finished.

This species, described by Alth from the Upper Cretaceous of central Europe, occurs in the American Cretaceous in veiy typical form. The height and width of 

the chambers as well as the angle of the sutures and general form of the test seem to be identical in both the 

European and American specimens. In the original, the 

spinose projections of the chambers are drawn as though 

they came from the lower angle of the chambers, whereas 

this is a variable feature in our material, and in many 

specimens the spinose projection comes from the middle 

of the periphery of the chamber.

Upper Cretaceous. Pit at Lizard Springs, near Guayaguayare, 

southeastern Trinidad; and from boulders in conglomerate, "Bon Accord" estate, *4 mile from Pointe-a-Pierre 

railroad station, San Fernando.

Spiroplectammina navarroaiia Cushman

Plate 5, figures 13, 14 

Spiroplectammina navarroana Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram.

Research Contr., vol. 8, p. 96, pi. 11, figs. 14a, b, 1932. 

Cushman and Deaderick, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 18, p. 

329, pi. 50, fig. 5, 1944.

Test elongate, very v slightly if at all tapering in the 

adult portion; chambers nearly as high as broad, rounded 

at the periphery, somewhat inflated; sutures distinct, 

slightly depressed, nearly at right angles to the periphery; 

wall rather coarsely arenaceous, with large fragments 

but with fairly smooth finish; aperture somewhat 'oblique, 

consisting of a narrow arched opening at the inner margin 

of the apertual face. Length 0.75 mm., breadth 0-20 

mm., thickness 0.10 mm.

The type of this species is from the Kemp clay member 

of the Navarro 6 miles east of Corsicana, Navarro 

County, Tex. It also occurs in well samples of upper 

Navarro age in the Sun Oil Co. well AD1, at 780 feet 

in core, near Richland, Navarro County, Tex.

Navarro group, Kemp clay. Texas, Navarro County (3). 

Taylor age. Marlbrook marl. Arkansas, Clark County; Howard 

County; Hempstead County.

Spiroplectammina baudouiniana (D'Orbigny) Cushman

Plate 5, figure 12 

Textularia baudouiniana D'Orbigny, Soc. geol. France Mem., ser.

1, vol. 4, p. 46, pi. 4, figs. 29, 30, 1840. 

Spiroplectammina- baudouiniana Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram.

Research Contr,, vol. 8, p. 87, pi. 11, figs, la, b, 1932.

Test large, broadly tapering, the greatest breadth near 

the apertural end, or in adult specimens sometimes with 

the sides nearly parallel in the later development; periphery subacute, in end view greatest thickness near the median line; chambers distinct, numerous, the early ones 

coiled, later ones biserial, rather uniformly increasing in 

size as added; sutures slightly curved but only slightly 

directed back toward the periphery, very slightly depressed; wall usually finely arenaceous and rather 

smoothly finished, with a considerable amount of cement; 

aperture a low opening at the inner margin of the lastformed chamber, in a slightly curved indentation of the 

margin. Length up to 2.10 mm., diameter 1.25 mm., 

thickness 0.65 mm.

This species, originally described by D'Orbigny from 

the Craie blanche of the Paris Basin, is found in other 

regions of Europe in deposits of similar age. It also 

occurs in rather typical form in the Cretaceous of Trinidad but does not seem to be present in the Upper Cretaceous of the Gulf Coastal Plain of the United States. 

It is a large, striking species. ^

Upper Cretaceous. Pit at Lizard Springs, near Guayaguayare, 

southeastern Trinidad.

Spiroplectammina laevis (Roemer) Cushman var. 

cretosa Cushman

Plate 6, figures 1-3

Spiroplectammina laevis (Roemer) Cushman var. cretosa Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. -Research Contr., vol. 8, p. 

87, pi. 11, figs. 3a, b, 1932.

Jennings, Bull. Am. Paleontology, vol. 23, No. 78, p. 12, 

pi. 1, figs. 2a, b, 1936.

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 16, 

p. 52, pi. 9, fig. 3, 1940.

Cushman and Todd, idem, vol. 18, p. 25, pi. 5, fig. 1, 1942.

Cushman, idem, vol. 20, p. 2, pi. 1, fig. 4, 1944; idem, vol. 

20, p. 84, 1944.

Cushman and Deaderick, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 18, p. 329, 

pi. 50, fig. 6, 1944.
28 UPPER CRETACEOUS FORAMINIFERA OP GULP COASTAL REGION

Test tapering, usually somewhat longer than broad, the 

greatest breadth toward the apertural end, periphery 

subacute; apertural end only slightly rounded, broad in 

end view, tapering rapidly to the subacute periphery ; 

 chambers with the early portion 'coiled, later biserial, 

distinct, the margin of the apertural face distinctly 

raised, giving a series of raised ridges at the suture lines 

and forming a raised zigzag line along the center of the 

test ; wall finely arenaceous, stout, not usually collapsed ; 

aperture a low opening on the inner margin of the 

apertural face with the peripheral portion of the face 

extending forward so that the aperture itself is in a reentrant. Length up to 0.65 mm., breadth 0.45 mm., 

thickness 0.25 mm.

The types of the variety are from the upper part of 

the Taylor marl 5.1 miles from Josephine along the highway to Nevada, Collin County, Tex.

This variety with' its many chambers, which are low 

and broad and only slightly curved, is characteristic of 

the upper part of the Taylor and is found apparently 

also in the Navarro beds at Jones Crossing on Onion 

Creek, near Austin, Tex. The specimen figured by Mrs. 

Plummer from Navarro beds as Spiroplectammina semicomplanata (Carsey) (Texas Univ. Bull. 3101, pi. 8, fig. 

8, 1931) should probably, be assigned to the present 

variety, as has been noted by Jennings (Bull. Am. Paleontology, vol. 23, No. 78, p. 12, 1936) . Mrs. Plummer has 

kindly sent me material from her locality, collected by 

Miss Gene Ross, and this thicker form with narrower 

chambers, the walls of which are not collapsed, seems 

to occur in the same section with another form also 

figured by Mrs. Plummer as Spiroplectammina semicomplanata (Carsey) (Texas Univ. Bull. 3101, pi. 8, 

fig. 7, 1931). The varietal form is apparently very rare 

here, however, and it is common only in the Taylor and 

its equivalents over a wide area. Two rare occurrences 

have been noted in the upper part of the Austin chalk.

Taylor age. 

Upper part of Taylor marl. Texas, Red River County (105,

106); Collin County (118, 121); Rockwall County (123,

124); Kaufman County (129); Limestone County (136);

Williamson County (140) ; Hays County (150) ; Bexar

County (158, 159, 161). 

Pecan Gap chalk member of Taylor marl. Texas, Delta County (165, 166) ; Hunt County (168) ; Collin County (169,

170).; McLennan County "(177). 

Wolfe City sand member of Taylor marl. Texas, Collin County

(180, 183). 

Annona chalk. Texas, Bowie County (189) ; Red River County

(191, 196-198). 

Lower part of Taylor marl. Texas, Delta County (206) ; Kaufman County (229); Ellis County (234); Bell County

Ozan formation. Arkansas, Little River County (254). 

Austin age.

Gober tongue of Austin chalk. Texas, Lamar County (285). 

Brownstown marl. Texas, Lamar County (320).

Spiroplectammina mordehensis Wickenden

Plate 6, figure 4

Spiroplectammina mordenensis Wickenden, Royal Soc. Canada 

Trans., 3d. ser., vol. 26, sec. 4, p. 86, pi. 1, figs. 4a, b, 1932.

Test somewhat compressed, early portion planispiral, later 

biserial; chambers fairly distinct, especially in. the biserial part, 

almost rectangular in the biserial portion ; sutures distinct, straight 

in the biserial portion, slightly depressed; walls smooth, arenaceous, of fine-grained material, with a fair amount of cement; 

aperture a low, arched opening, in a slight reentrant at the base 

of the inner margin of the last-formed chamber; color generally 

white. Length about 0.49 mm.

Occurrence: Upper 'Cretaceous, Morden beds of Manitoba. 

Holotype in collection of National Museum of Canada from

Morden beds on the southwest bank of. the Assiniboine River 

about a half mile above the mouth of the Cypress River, NE % 

sec. 29, T. 8, R. 11 W. of principal meridian. Other specimens 

were found immaterial from the Morden beds about a mile southwest of the town of Morden and near Leary, Manitoba.

Spiroplectammina semicomplanata (Carsey) Plummer

Plate 6, figures 5-14 

Textularia semicomplanata Carsey, Texas Univ. Bull. 2612, p. 25,

pi. 3, fig. 4, 1926. 

Spiroplectammina semicomplanata Plummer, Texas Univ. Bull.

3101, p. 129, pi. 8, fig. 7 (not fig. 8), 1931. 

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol 8,

pp. 94, 96, pi. 11, figs. 8, 9, 1932. 

Cushman and Hedberg, idem, vol. 17, p. 83, pi. 21, figs. 5, 6,

1941.

Cushman and Todd, idem, vol. 19, p. 51, pi. 9, fig. 3, 1943.

Spiroplectammina anceps Cushman, and Church (not Reuss),

California Acad. Sci. Proc., 4th ser., vol. 18, p. 500, pi. 36,

figs. 1, 2, 1929.

Cushman, Tennessee Div. Geology Bull. 41, p. 18, pi. 1,

figs. 5a, b, 1931.

Textularia sagittula Defrance var. coonensis W. Berry, in W. Berry 

and Kelley, U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc., vol. 76, art. 19, p. 3, 

pi. 2, fig. 3, 1929.

Test elongate, tapering, greatest breadth at the apertural end, thickest in the middle, periphery subacute, 

slightly lobulate; chambers distinct, not inflated, fairly 

high and considerably overlapping, the outer end broadly 

rounded; apertural face somewhat flattened; sutures 

distinct, very slightly depressed, distinctly but gently 

curved backward toward the periphery; wall distinctly 

arenaceous but rather smoothly finished, thin and delicate, easily collapsed; aperture a low narrow opening, 

at the inner margin of the apertural face, which is either 

slightly curved or rather deeply so. Length up to 0.50 

or 0.60 mm., breadth 0.30 to 0.40 mm., thickness 0.10 to 

0.12 mm.

This species was originally described from the Navarro 

exposure on Onion Creek near Austin, Tex. At that 

locality most of the specimens are somewhat crushed, 

making the sutures apparently stand out above the general surface of the test. Enough well-preserved specimens however, have been found so that it may be shown 

that this is an abnormal condition that is due to the 

weakness of the test. Well-preserved specimens from 

this and other localities are figured. The early portion 

shows a coiling and the general characters are fairly 

well preserved over a wide area. The species is characteristic of the Navarro, and it extends also into the 

upper Taylor. Somewhat similar forms occur in other 

parts of the Cretaceous section but are not entirely 

typical. A form very similar to this occurs in the lower, 

part of the Taylor marl and has sutures that become 

almost entirely straight, giving the test a somewhat different appearance. S. semicomplanata is also represented in the Saratoga chalk of Arkansas by the variety 

juncea.

Navarro age.

Kemp clay. Texas, Williamson County (12). 

Corsicana marl. Texas, Limestone County (30); Travis County

(36, 39-43). 

Prairie Bluff chalk. Mississippi, Chickasaw County (84, 86, 97).

Alabama, Sumter County (101-103).

Ripley formation. Tennessee, McNairy County (94, 97). 

Selma chalk (upper part). Tennessee, McNairy County (98). 

Taylor marl, upper part. Texas, Kaufman County (130); Travis

County (145, 148); Guadalupe County (151); Bexar

County (153, 158, 159, 161). Colon shale, Department of

Santander del Norte, Colombia.
TEXTULARIIDAE 29

Spiroplcctanunina scinicojiipluiiata (Carscy) Plummer 

var. junccn Cushniau

Plate 6, figure 15

Spiroplcctammina anceps Cushman, (not Reuss), Jour. Paleontology, vol. 5, p. 299, pi. 34, figs. 2a, b, 1931.

Spiroplcctammina scmiconiplanata (Carsey) Plummer var. juncea 

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 8, 

p. 95, pi. 11, figs. lOa, b, 1932.

Variety with the test very elongate, sides nearly parallel for most of their length, with many chambers, the 

early ones decidedly spiral.

This very elongate form has been found at a'number 

of stations in the Nacatoch sand and Saratoga chalk and 

equivalents in Arkansas and Alabama.

Navarro age.

Nacatoch sand. Arkansas, Lonoke County (77). 

Saratoga chalk. Arkansas, Clark County (78); Howard County 

(79); Hempstead County (80, 81). 

Sclnm chalk (upper part). Alabama, Marengo County (104).

Spiroplcctnmmina jarvisi Cushman

Plate 6, figure 16

Spiroplcctammina jarvisi Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 15, p. 90, pi. 16, figs, la, b, 1939.

S'piroplectammina anceps (Reuss) Cushman and Church var., 

Cushman and Jarvis, U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc., vol. 80, art. 

14, p. 14, pi. 3, figs. 8a, b, 1932.

Test about twice as long as broad, much compressed, 

periphery subacute, the early portion tapering, but in the 

adult with the sides nearly parallel; earliest portion 

planispi.ra'1; chambers of the biserial portion low and 

broad, of nearly equal height and shape throughout; 

sutures distinct, slightly raised, straight, strongly oblique; 

wall finely arenaceous, smoothly finished; aperture narrow, the inner end somewhat rounded. Length 1.00 mm., 

breadth 0.50 mm., thickness 0.15 mm.

The types are from the Upper Cretaceous of Lizard 

Springs, near Guayaguayare, Trinidad.

This species differs from Spiroplectammina dentata 

(Alth) Cushman and Jarvis in the straighter sutures and 

nearly parallel sides without the development of the 

strong spinose projections.

Spiroplcctamniinn lalickcri Albrittoii and Phleger

Plate 6, figures 28, 29

Spiroplectammina lalickeri Albritton and Phleger, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 11, p. 353, text figs. 2, 3, 1937.

Test small, slender, elongate, slightly bent with sides converging toward an evenly rounded initial end; periphery narrowly 

rounded, initially smooth, lobulate in later portion of test; chambers numerous, first few in a planispiral coil, succeeding ones 

biserial, increasing gradually in height as added; sutures fairly 

distinct, limbate, slightly raised in initial half of test, thereafter 

slightly depressed; sutures oblique, forming an angle of 20° to 

45° with the horizontal; wall arenaceous, smoothly finished, with 

a considerable amount of cement; aperture a low subrect'angular 

opening at the flattened base of the last-formed chamber; color 

gray.

Length 0.50-0.65 mm., breadth 0.22-0.25 mm., thickness 0.08 mm.

The types of this species are from the Taylor marl 

in a clay pit at Ferris, Tex. From a study of our material the species seems to have a rather wide vertical 

range in the Taylor with. specimens occurring in the 

Burditt marl (of Adkins), which has other species largely 

confined to the Taylor.

Taylor age.

Upper part of Taylor marl. Texas, Travis County (149). 

Annona chalk. Texas, Red River County (198). 

Lower part of Taylor marl. Texas, Ellis County (230); McLennan County (239, 240); Travis County (247, 249).

Austin age. Burditt marl (of Adkins). Texas, Bell County (269); 

Travis County (271).

Genus TEXTULARIA Defiance, 1824 

Textularia ripleyensis W. Berry

Plate 6, figures 17-20 

Textularia ripleyensis W. Berry, in W. Berry and Kelley, U. S.

Nat. Mus. Proc., vol. 76, art. 19, p. 4, pi. 2, fig. 2, 1929. 

Cushman, Tennessee Div. Geology Bull. 41, p. 19, pi. 1, figs.

6. 7, 1931; Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 8, 

p. 96, pi. 11, figs. 12, 13, 1932; Jour. Paleontology, vol. 6. 

p. 332, 1932.

Sandidge, idem, p. 267, pi. 41, figs. 6-8, 1932.

Cushman and Deaderick, idem, vol. 18, p. 329, pi. 50, figs.

7. 8, 1944.

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 20, 

p. 2, pi. 1, fig. 5, 1944.

Test compressed, slightly longer than broad, the apertural end broadly rounded, greatest width slightly above 

the middle, periphery subacute, serrate or only slightly 

lobed; chambers distinct, the outer end raised and depressed below, the raised portion usually roughened and 

the depressed portion smooth; sutures made distinct by 

the depressed areas but the sutural lines indistinct, nearly 

straight or slightly curved at the peripheral ends; wall 

roughened at the outer edge, smoother toward the base, 

distinctly arenaceous; aperture a very low opening in the 

median portion of the inner margin of the chamber with 

an elongate lobe at each side. Length up to 0.45 mm-, 

breadth 0.35 mm., thickness 0.15 mm.

This species has proved to be very widely distributed, 

particularly in the upper Taylor of the general Gulf 

Coastal Plain region of the United States. The test is 

much compressed and the apertural end contracted in the 

middle line, then convex, so that the greatest .width of 

each chamber is somewhat outside the middle line. 

There is much variation in the character of the wall, the 

raised areas being typically very much roughened, but 

these are often comparatively smooth in some specimens 

although all gradations exist between the two extremes. 

The end view is very characteristic, as the aperture is 

along a nearly straight line at the middle of the base 

of the apertural face, whereas the two sides are extended 

out into two narrow elongate processes.

This is an excellent index fossil for the upper and 

middle parts of the Taylor marl, as it is a common 

species and widely distributed. Specimens occur also 

in material from the lower part' of the Navarro group, 

which has many species in common with the upper 

Taylor. It is widely distributed, as the list of localities 

will show.

Navarro age. 

Neylandville marl. Texas, Red River County (50); Delta

County (51); Rockwall County (57); Kaufman County

(58); Navarro County (66, 68, 69).

Saratoga chalk. Arkansas, Hempstead County (80, 81). 

Selma chalk (upper part). Mississippi, Prentiss County (91);

Union County (92). Tennessee, McNairy County (98).

Alabama, Marengo County (104). 

Ripley formation. Tennessee, McNairy County (94, 95); Henderson County (96). 

Taylor age. 

Upper part of Taylor marl. Texas, Red River County (105,

106); Lamar County '(110); Hunt County (116); Collin

County (121, 122); Rockwall County (124); Kaufman

County (125, 128, 129); Navarro County (134); Willamson County (140, 142, 144); Travis County (145, 148);

Guadalupe County (151); Bexar County (154, 158, 159,

161, 162). 

Marlbrook marl. Arkansas, Clark County; Howard County;

Hempstead County.
30 UPPER CRETACEOUS FORAMINIFERA OF GULF COASTAL REGION

Anacacho limestone (upper part). Texas, Bexar County (164). 

Ozan formation. Arkansas, Little River County (254). 

Pecan Gap chalk member of Taylor marl. Texas, Delta County

(165); Hunt County (168); Collin County (169-172);

Kaufman County (173). 

Selma chalk of Pecan Gap chalk age. Alabama, Marengo

County (256). 

Wolfe City sand member of Taylor marl. Texas, Collin County

(181, 183); Hunt County (184); Navarro County (188). 

Annona chalk. Texas, Bowie County (189); Red River County

(192, 194-198). 

Selma chalk (middle part). Mississippi, Alcorn County (257-

259); Prentiss County (260, 261); Union County (262);

Lee County (264, 265). 

Lower part of Taylor marl. Texas, Delta County (206); Ellis

County (234); Bell County (245).

Textularia subconica Franke

Plate 6, figures 21, 22 

Textularia trochus D'Orbigny var. subconica Franke, Preuss. geol.

Landesanstalt Abh., new ser., vol. Ill, p. 131, pi. 12, fig.

1, 1928. 

Textularia subconica Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research

Contr., vol. 8, p. 95, pi. 11, figs, lla, b, 1932.

Test short and stout, slightly longer than broad, periphery angled, slightly lobulate, apertural face flattened, 

truncate; chambers comparatively few, increasing rapidly 

in height toward the apertural end; sutures very slightly 

oblique, slightly depressed; wall finely arenaceous, rather 

smoothly finished; aperture an elongate low opening, at 

the inner margin of the last-formed chamber. Length 

0.65 mm., breadth 0.60 mm., thickness 0.40 mm.

This form was described by Franke from the Upper 

Cretaceous of Germany. The types in Franke's collection were studied by the writer at Arnstadt, Germany, 

and seem to be true Textularias, whereas D'Orbigny's 

species is a Gaudryina. In the American Cretaceous,- 

specimens that seem to be identical occur in the general 

range of the Taylor marl.

Taylor age.

Upper part of Taylor marl. Texas, Hays County (150); Guadalupe County (151).

Ozan formation. Arkansas, Little River County (254). 

Selma chalk of Pecan Gap chalk age. Alabama, Marengo

County (256).

Annona chalk. Texas, Red River County (194). 

Lower part of Taylor marl. Texas, Lamar County (200-202) ;

Kaufman County (228). 

Austin age. Burditt marl (of Adkins). Texas, Travis County

(271).

Textularia subglabra Cushman

Plate 6, figure 23

TexLulana subglabra Cushman, Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists 

Bull., vol. 10, p. 584, pi. 15, figs. 7a-c, 1926; Cushman Lab. 

Foram Research Contr., vol. 8, p. 94, 1932.

Test small, rhomboid, initial end much compressed, 

later increasing greatly in thickness toward the apertural 

end, periphery broadly rounded; chambers distinct, 

numerous, low and broad, later chambers somewhat inflated and somewhat higher than the earlier; sutures 

distinct, depressed, strongly so in the later portion, 

 strongly oblique; wall finely arenaceous, smoothly 

finished; aperture low, narrow, at the inner margin of 

the last-formed chamber. Length up to 0.50 mm., 

breadth 0.30 mm., thickness 0.25 mm.

The types of this species are from the Cretaceous 

Velasco shale of the Tampico Embayment, Hacienda el 

Limon, Vera Cruz, Mexico. Somewhat similar specimens 

are found in the Taylor marl of Texas.

Taylor marl.

Pecan Gap chalk member. Texas, Kaufman County (173, 174). 

Lower part. Texas, Bell County (245).

Textularia cf. subconica Franke

Textularia cf. subconica Franke, Cushman and Hedberg, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 17, p. 84, pi. 21, 

figs. 7a, b, 1941.

A few specimens referred somewhat questionably to 

this species occur in the Cretaceous of Colombia. Specimens are usually somewhat distorted in fossilization.

Genus BIGENERINA D'Orbigny, 1826 

Bigenerina hastata Cushmaii

Plate 6, figure 25

Bigenerina hastata Cushman, Royal Soc. Canada Trans., 3d ser., 

vol. 21, sec. 4, p. 131, pi. 1, fig. 9, 1927.

Test elongate, strongly compressed, the early biserial 

portion tapering, later uniserial portion with the sides 

nearly straight, often slightly reduced in diameter toward 

the apertural end; chambers numerous, rather indistinct; 

sutures fairly distinct, very slightly if at all depressed; 

wall arenaceous, with a large proportion of light-gray 

cement with fine angular mineral fragments of a darker 

color, surface smoothly finished; aperture terminal, elliptical, sometimes slightly protruding. Length 1.00 to 1.25 

mm., breadth 0.25 to 0.30 mm., thickness 0.10 to 0,12 mm.

This species was originally described from the Upper 

Cretaceous of Manitoba, from the Canora well, 375-foot 

sample, sec. 25, T. 30, R. IV W. of 2d meridian, Saskatchewan, Canada.

Bigenerina velascoensis Cushman

Plate 6, figure 26

Bigenerina velascoensis Cushman, Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., vol. 10, p. 585, pi. 16, fig. 3, 1926.

Test much elongate, tapering, greatest width formed 

by the last chamber; the first few chambers biserial, later 

chambers uniserial, circular in transverse section; sutures 

distinct and depressed; wall arenaceous but smoothly 

finished; aperture circular, terminal. Length 0.85 mm., 

breadth 0.25 mm.

This species at first glance seems to be very similar 

to some of the species of Rectogiimbelina described from 

the Cretaceous of Texas, but the wall in the Mexican 

specimens seems to be very distinctly arenaceous, as well 

as smoothly finished. The species, which is rare in the 

Velasco shale of Mexico, occurs in well samples from 

Hacienda el Limon, Vera Cruz, Mexico.

Genus AMMOBACULOIDES Plummer, 1932 

Ammobaculoides navarroensis Plummer

Plate 6, figure 27 

Ammobaculoides navarroensis Plummer, Am. Midland Naturalist,

vol. 13, p. 87, text figs, la-d, 1932.

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram.. Research Special Pub. 4, 

pi. 11, figs. 2a, b, 1933; idem, Special Pub. 5, pi. 17, figs. 

4a, b, 1933.

Test elongate, somewhat compressed, periphery 

rounded; early chambers planispiral, closely coiled; 

later biserial; and in the adult uniserial, distinct, slightly 

inflated; the biserial chambers about as high as broad, 

as are also the uniserial chambers, which are very 

slightly compressed; sutures distinct, slightly depressed, 

in the biserial portion slightly oblique; wall coarsely 

arenaceous, composed of coarse angular quartz grains 

firmly cemented, surface rough; aperture broadly elliptical, terminal. Length up to 0.75 mm., breadth 0.25 mm.

This species is known only from the upper part of the 

Navarro group, the Kemp clay, of Travis County, Tex. 

(15).
VERNEUILINIDAE 31

Family VERNEUILINIDAE

Genus VERNEUILINA D'Orbigny, 1840

Vcrncuilinn polystropha (Reuss) H. B. Brady

Plate 7, figure 1 

Bulimina polystropha Reuss, Versteinerungen bohmischen Kreideformation, pt. 2, p. 109, pi. 24, fig. 53, 1846. 

Berthelin, Soc. Geol. France Mem., 3d ser., vol. 1, p. 30.

pi. 2(25), figs. 3a, b, 1880. 

Verneidlina polystropha Cushman and Jarvis, U. S. Nat. Mus.

Proc., vol. 80, art. 14, p. 15, pi. 4, figs. 3a, b, 1932. 

Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research

Contr., vol. 10, p. 30, pi. 5, figs. 17a, b, 1934. 

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Special Pub. 7, 

p. 11, pi. 1, figs. 14, 15, 1937.

Test elongate, triserial, gradually tapering, greatest 

breadth somewhat above the middle, thence often contracted slightly toward the apertural end; rounded triangular in end view, the sides broadly rounded; chambers' 

numerous, somewhat inflated, gradually increasing in 

size as added; sutures distinct, slightly depressed; wall 

arenaceous, typically with a rough exterior, but sometimes rather smoothly finished; aperture a semicircular 

or semielliptical opening at the inner margin of the lastformed chamber.

The only American material that can be definitely 

referred to this species is from Trinidad. The specimens 

from the Cretaceous of Tennessee that the writer has 

referred to this species seem to be very close to Verneuilina bearpawensis Wickenden, from western Canada.

Upper Cretaceous. Pit at Lizard Springs, near Guayaguayare, 

southeastern Trinidad; Calex C well, at 116 feet, near 

Lizard .Springs, Trinidad.

Vcrncuilina canadensis Cushman

Plate 7, figures 2, 3

Verneuilina canadensis Cushman, Royal Soc. Canada Trans., 3d 

ser., vol. 21, sec. 4, p. 131, pi. 1, fig. 11, 1927; Cushman 

Lab. Foram. Research Special Pub. 7, p. 13, pi. 1, figs. 

16, 17, 1937.

Test fairly large, tapering, triserial throughout; chambers inflated, very distinct, those of each vertical series 

distinct, with a deep depression between; sutures distinct, much depressed; wall coarsely arenaceous, with 

much cement. Length 1.10 mm., breadth 0.65 mm.

This species was common at the type locality but has 

not been observed elsewhere. It is peculiar in the very 

inflated, distinct chambers and coarsely arenaceous wall. 

From the large amount of chitinous cement and the considerable distortion of specimens, it is probable that it 

lived under more or less brackish conditions.

Upper Cretaceous. British Petroleum well No. 3, 1,896 to 1,904 

feet and 1,921 to 1,929 feet, sec. 29, T. 45, R. 6 W. of 4th 

meridian, Manitoba, Canada. (Type locality.)

Vcrncuilina bearpawensis Wickenden

Plate 7, figures 4-6 

Verneuilina bearpaivensis Wickenden, Royal Soc. Canada Trans.,

3d ser., vol. 26, sec. 4, p. 87, pi. 1, fig. 8, 1932. 

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Special Pub. 7, 

p. 13, pi. 1, fig. 18, 1937.

Test elongate, tapering, nearly circular in transverse 

section; chambers distinct, somewhat inflated, of rather 

uniform shape, gradually increasing in size as added; 

sutures distinct, somewhat curved, depressed; wall 

smooth, made of fine-grained arenaceous material with 

much cement; aperture a high arch at the base of the 

last-formed chamber; color generally .brownish. Length 

0.70 mm., breadth 0.20 mm.

The figured specimens from Canada are paratypes in 

the Cushman collection, available through the kindness 

of Doctor Wickenden.

Bearpaw.shale. West bank of the Oldman River % mile north of 

the main highway running west from Lethbridge, SE^ 

sec. 11, T. 9, R. 22 W. of 4th meridian, Alberta, Canada. 

(Type locality.) Further exposures on the Oldman River, 

on St. Marys River, and in the bad lands east of Manyberries, Alberta, Canada.

Ripley formation. Tennessee, McNairy County (94).

Verneuilina cretosa Cushman

Plate 7, figure 7

Verneuilina cretosa Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research 

Contr., vol. 9, p. 31, pi. 5, figs. 7a, b, 1933; idem, Special 

Pub. 7, p. 14, pi. 1, fig. 20, 1937.

Test elongate, tapering, greatest breadth near the 

apertural end, initial end acute, triangular in transverse 

section, periphery serrate; chambers numerous, triserial, 

of rather uniform shape, increasing regularly in size as 

added; sutures distinct, very slightly depressed; wall 

finely arenaceous, with much cement, smoothly finished; 

aperture at the base of the inner margin of the lastformed chamber, low, elongate. Length of holotype 

2.10 mm., breadth 1.10 mm., thickness 0.90 mm.

The species may be distinguished by its elongate form 

and strongly limbate sutures. The types are from the 

upper part of the Taylor marl. Somewhat similar specimens occur' in the Burditt marl (of Adkins) at the top 

of the Austin chalk . '.

Taylor marl, upper part. Texas, Red River County .(107). 

Austin age. Burditt marl (of Adkins). Texas, Bell County (269). 

Austin chalk. Texas, Bell County (316).

Genus TBITAXIA Reuss, 1860 

Tritaxia manitobensis Wickenden

Plate 7, figure 8 

Titaxia manitobensis Wickenden, Royal Soc. Canada Trans., 3d

ser., vol. 26, sec. 4,. p. 87, pi. 1, fig. 10, 1932. . 

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Special Pub. 7, 

p. 27, pi. 4, fig. 7, 1937.

Test elongate, triserial throughout; chambers distinct, 

triangular, rounded, overlapping, drawn out to a neck; 

sutures distinct, curved; wall smooth, finely arenaceous, 

with a moderate amount of cement; aperture terminal, at 

the end of the neck on the last-formed,chamber; color, 

white. Length about 0.40 mm., width about 0.19 mm.

The specimen figured here is a paratype kindly 

furnished by Dr. Wickenden. Length 0.45 mm., breadth 

0.20 mm.

The species is small and evidently easily deformed in 

fossilization.

Upper Cretaceous. Lower Benton Ashville beds, near the east 

end of Thunder Hill, Manitoba, Canada. (Type locality.)

Tritaxia jarvisi Cushman

Plate 7, figure 9 

Tritaxia pyramidata Cushman and Jarvis (not Reuss), U. S. Nat.

Mus. Proc., vol. 80, art. 14, p. 16, pi. 4, figs. 4a, b, 1932. 

Tritaxia jarvisi Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Special

Pub. 6, p. 4, 1936; idem, Special Pub. 7, p. 28, pi. 4, fig. 8,

1937.

Test large, elongate, tapering from the subacute initial 

end to the greatest breadth near the apertural end, triserial, triangular in transverse section, sides flat; chambers distinct, numerous, of rather regular shape, increasing gradually and regularly in size as added, not inflated, 

the last-formed in the adult terminal, nearly covering 

preceding chambers; sutures distinct, slightly depressed, 

strongly oblique, forming an angle of more than 45° 

with the long axis of the test; wall rather coarsely arenaceous but with fairly smooth finish; aperture in the adult 

terminal, rounded, with a slight neck. Length up to 

2.20 mm., breadth up to 1.10 mm.
32 UPPER CRETACEOUS FORAMINIFERA OF GULF COASTAL REGION

Upper Cretaceous. Pit at Lizard Springs, near Guayaguayare, 

southeastern Trinidad; Calex C well, at 11'6 feet, near 

Lizard Springs, Trinidad.

Tritaxia ellisorae Cushman

Plate 7, figures 10, 11

Tritaxia ellisorae Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram Research Special Pub. 6, p. 5, pi. 1, figs. 9a, b; idem, Special Pub. 7, 

p. 28, pi. 4, figs. 9, 10, 1937; idem, Contr., vol. 20, p. 3, 

pi. 1, fig. 6, 1944.

Test elongate, slender, slightly tapering, .triangular in 

transverse section, with the sides flattened or slightly 

concave, the angles slightly keeled; chambers fairly distinct, rather high, of rather uniform shape, increasing 

gradually in size as added; sutures fairly distinct, slightly 

depressed; 'wall distinctly arenaceous but the surface 

only slightly roughened; aperture a low opening in a 

semicircular depression of the inner margin of the lastformed chamber. Length up to 1.25 mm., diameter 0.45 

mm.

This species is very slightly tapering and usually has 

distinct keels at the angles. The last-formed chambers 

have a tendency to become biserial.

The only record for this species so far is from the 

Pecan Gap chalk.

Taylor marl, Pecan Gap chalk member. Texas, Delta County 

(165, 166); Rockwall County (175, 176 [type locality]).

Genus GAUDRYINA D'Orbigny, 1839 

Gaudryina rugosa D'Orbigtiy

Gaudryina rugosa D'Orbigny, Soc. 'geol. France Mem., 1st ser., 

vol. 4, p. 44, pi. 4, figs. 20, 21, 1840; Prodrome de Paleontologie stratigraphique universelle des animaux mollusques 

et rayonnes, vol. 2, p. 282, No. 1406, 1850.

Reusa, Haidinger's Naturwiss. Abh., vol. 4, p. 25, 1851.

Beissel, Preuss. geol. Landesanstalt Abh., new ser., vol. 3, 

p. 69; pi. 13, figs. 30-37, 1891.

Franke, Greifswald Univ., Geol.-palaeont. Inst. Abh., vol. 6, 

p. 14, pi. 1, fig. 19, 1925. » Brotzen, Zeitschr. Deutschen Palastina-Vereins, Jahrg. 1934, 

p. 57, 1934.

Cushman, Cushman. ,Lab. Foram. Research Special Pub. 7, 

p. 36, pi. 4, figs. 14-19; pi. 5, figs. 1, 2, 1937.

Test large, elongate, greatest width near the apertural 

end; early portion triserial, triangular in transverse section, the sides flat, angles in the early portion acute, becoming somewhat rounded later; biserial portion long, 

consisting of 4 or more pairs of chambers, in end view 

becoming quadrangular or even somewhat rounded; 

chambers fairly distinct except in very rough specimens; 

sutures slightly depressed, somewhat strongly so in the 

adult portion, in the early triserial portion strongly 

oblique, in the adult nearly horizontal; wall usually 

coarsely arenaceous, with sand grains of various sizes, 

in some specimens the surface very much roughened; 

aperture in the adult elongate, at the inner margin of 

the last-formed chamber. Length up to 2.00 mm., 

breadth 0.75 to 0.85 mm.

Though there are numerous American records for this 

species, the only specimens that can be definitely referred 

to it are those from the Upper Cretaceous of Vincentown, 

N. J. These are rather large and are numerous at that 

locality. '

Jennings (Bull. Am. Paleontology, vol. 23, No. 78, p. 

12, pi. 1, fig. 5, 1936) has recorded it from the Navesink 

marl and Mt. Laurel sand of New Jersey.

Gaudryina foeda (Keuss) Cushman

Plate 7, figures 12, 13

Texlularia foeda Reuss, Versteinerungen bohm. Kreideformation,

pt. 2, p. 109, pi! 43, figs. 12, 13, 1846.

Franke, Preuss. geol. Landesanstalt Abh., new ser., vol. Ill, 

p. 133, pi. 12, fig. 6, 1928.

Gaudryina foeda Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research 

Contr., vol. 8, p. 90, 1932; Cushman Lab. Foram. Research 

Special Pub. 7, p. 38, pi. 5, figs. 8-16, 1937.

Gaudryina filiformis Cushman and Jarvis (not Berthelin), Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 4, p. 92, pi. 13, 

fig. 2, 1928; U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc., vol. 80, art. 14, p. 16, 

pi. 4, fig. 5, 1932.

Textularia concinna Cushman and Jarvis (not Reuss), Cushman 

Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 4, p. 91, pi. 13, fig. 1, 

1928; U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc., vol. 80, art. 14, p. 15, pi. 4, 

' figs. 1, 2, 1932.

Test elongate, tapering, greatest width near the apertural end, earliest chambers apparently triserial and 

somewhat triangular in section, later chambers forming 

the greater portion of the test, biserial, numerous; chambers fairly distinct, inflated, especially in the later portion, in many specimens distorted by compression in 

fossilization; sutures usually distinct, slightly depressed, 

forming an angle of less than 45° with the horizontal and 

usually becoming less oblique toward the apertural end; 

wall arenaceous, easily distorted, often of rather coarse 

sand grains with a large amount of cement; aperture 

terminal, elongate, at the inner margin of the last-formed 

chamber. Length up to 1.00 mm.,,breadth 0.25 to 0.30 

mm.

This species is common in the European Cretaceous. 

In America specimens referable to it are found in the 

Upper Cretaceous of Trinidad and of the Tampico Embayment of Mexico. Similar specimens also occur in 

beds of Navarro and Taylor ages in Alabama, Arkansas, 

and Texas.

Upper Cretaceous. Pit at Lizard Springs, near Guayaguayare,

southeastern Trinidad. 

Mendez shale. On San Luis Potosi-Tampico Railroad 0.5 km.

southwest of Coco, Hacienda el Limon, and also on the

same railroad at km. 572.66, km. 572.86, and km. 577.20. 

Navarro age. Prairie Bluff chalk. Alabama, Wilcox County (100). 

Taylor age. Upper part of Taylor marl. Texas, Guadalupe

County (151); Bexar County (158, 159). 

Ozan formation. Arkansas, Little River County (254). 

Lower part of Taylor marl. Texas, McLennan County (240).

Caudryina faujasi (Reuss) Cushman

Plate 7, figure 14

Textilaria faujasi Reuss, Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math-naturwiss. Kl,, 

Sitzungsber., vol. 44, pt. 1, 1861, p. 320, pi. 3, figs. 9a, b 

(1862).

Gaudryina faujasi Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research 

Contr., vol. 8, p. 91, 1932; Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Special Pub. 7, p. 39, pi. 5, figs. 17-20; pi. 6, figs. 

1, 2, 1937.

Cushman and Deaderick, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research 

Contr., vol. 18, p. 53, pi. 9, fig. 14, 1942.

Test large, elongate, the earliest portion triserial, triangular in transverse section, sides flattened or slightly 

concave, angles somewhat rounded, later and much the 

larger portion biserial, increasing gradually in breadth as 

added, periphery broadly rounded, sides somewhat flattened; chambers except those of the last-formed portion 

indistinct, latest somewhat inflated; sutures indistinct 

except toward the apertural end, where they are slightly 

depressed, nearly horizontal or very slightly oblique; 

wall arenaceous, somewhat roughly finished; aperture a 

somewhat rectangular opening at the inner margin of the 

last-formed chamber. Length up to 1.90 mm., breadth 

up to 0.80 mm., thickness 0.60 mm.
VERNEUILINIDAE 33

This species was originally described by Reuss from the 

Upper Cretaceous Maastrichtian stage of Maastricht, 

Holland, and it occurs elsewhere in Europe in the 

Senonian. In America is occurs in the Upper Cretaceous 

of New Jersey, Arkansas, and Texas. The specimens 

from the Texas locality are not altogether typical.

Vinceutown marl. Vincentown, N. J.

Taylor marl, upper part. Texas, Bexar County (158).

Austin age. Brownstown marl. Arkansas, Sevier County.

Caudryina Lentoiicnsis (Carmen) Cushman

Plate 7, figures 15, 16 

Spiroplectammina bentonensis Carman, Jour. Paleontology, vol.

3, p. 311, pi. 34, figs. 8, 9, 1929.

, Gaudryina bentonensis Cushrnan, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research 

Contr., vol. 8, p. 96, 1932; Cushman Lab. Foram. Research 

Special Pub. 7, p. 42, pi. 6, figs. 21, 22, 1937. 

Cushman and Deaderick, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research 

Contr., vol. 18, p. 52, pi. 9, figs. 12, 13, 1942.

Test small, elongate, narrow, early portion apparently 

triserial, later and much the larger portion biserial, easily 

distorted in fossilization and usually twisted, the biserial 

portion with the chambers somewhat inflated, high, rather 

regularly increasing in .size as added, the sides of the 

biserial portion nearly parallel; sutures more or less 

indistinct, usually nearly horizontal; wall rather coarsely 

arenaceous, with much cement, somewhat roughly finished; aperture at the inner margin of the last-formed 

chamber, low, narrow. Length 0.40-0.45 mm., breadth 

0.15 mm.

This species was originally described from the Upper 

Cretaceous of Wyoming. It appears to range from.the< 

Austin to the Taylor and possibly to the Eagle Ford 

although specimens from the last formation are not well 

preserved.

Benton shale. East flank of Centennial syncline, west slope of

Sheep Mountain, T. 15 N., R. 77 W., east of Centennial,

Wyo.

Taylor age. 

Upper part of Taylor marl. Texas, Williamson County (143,

144); Bexar County (153, 159). 

Pecan Gap chalk member of Taylor marl. Texas, Rockwall

County (175). 

Wolfe City sand member of Taylor marl. Texas, Hunt County

(186).

Annona chalk. Texas, Red River County (192, 194, 198). 

Lower part of Taylor marl. Texas, Collin County (207); Ellis

County (232); Hill County (237); McLennan County

(239).

Austin age. 

Brownstowii marl. Texas, Red River County (318); Lamar

County (321); Arkansas, Sevier County. 

Blossom sand. Texas, Lamar County (322). 

Bonham marl. Texas, Lamar County (327, 329, 330). 

Selma chalk of upper Austin age. Alabama, Warrior River

(353). 

Eagle Ford shale. Texas, Dallas County (358, 359); Ellis County

(364).

Caudryina laevigata Franke

Plate 8, figure 4 

Gaudryina laevigata Franke, Deutsche geol. Gesell. Zeitschr., vol.

66, p. 431, pi. 27, figs. 1, 2, 1914. 

Cushman, Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., vol. 10,

p. 587, pi. 17, figs, la, b(?), 1926. 

Franke, Preuss. geol. Landesanstalt Abh., new ser., vol. Ill,

p. 142, pi. 13, fig. 3, 1928. 

Sandidge, Am. Midland Naturalist, vol. 13, p. 341, pi. 31,

fig. 21 (?), 1932. 

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Special Pub. 7,

p. 41, pi. 6, figs. 10-17, 1937.

 Cushman and Hedberg, idem, Contr., vol. 17, p. 84, pi. 21, 

fig. 8, 1941.

Test tapering, more or less elongate, early portion triserial, sharply triangular in transverse section, the angles 

subacute, later portion enlarging rapidly, the chambers 

inflated and distinct, considerably overlapping; sutures 

distinct, somewhat depressed, those of the adult portion 

nearly horizontal; wall finely arenaceous with smooth 

finish, even when containing sand grains of considerable 

size; aperture usually elongate, low, at the inner margin 

of the last-formed chamber. Length up to 1.00 mm., 

breadth 0.50 to 0.70 mm.

This species is common in the Cretaceous of Europe 

but is rare in America. The figured specimen, which is 

fairly typical, is from the upper part of the Taylor marl, 

Red River County, Tex. (107).

Caudryina navarroana Cushman

Plate 7, figure 17

Gaudryina navarroana Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research. 

Contr., vol. 8, p. 98, pi. 11, figs. 15, 16, 1932; Cushman 

Lab. Foram. Research Special Pub. 7, p. 43, pi. 7, fig. 1, 

1937.

Test elongate, early portion triserial and sharply triangular, the edges bluntly angled, fusiform in front view; 

chambers of the later portion biserial and somewhat compressed, lobed; sutures fairly distinct in the early portion, 

distinct and depressed later; wall rather coarsely arenaceous but with fairly smooth finish; aperture a deep reentrant in the inner margin of the chamber with raised, 

rounded margins. Length up to 1.00 mm., breadth 0.50 

mm., thickness 0.40 mm.

This species is an excellent index fossil for the upper 

Navarro. It is characterized by the large proportion of 

triserial'chambers and the very short biserial stage consisting of a few chambers that are usually somewhat 

flattened. The wall of the test is thin and easily collapsed, so that the sutures usually appear as raised ridges.

Navarro age.

Kemp clay. Texas, core samples from upthrow side of fault in 

Mexia oil field, Mexia (type locality); Hopkins County 

(1); Kaufman County (2); Guadalupe County (18, 19). 

Escondido formation. Texas, Maverick County (22). 

Arkadelphia marl. Arkansas, Hempstead County (71). 

Nacatoch sand. Arkansas, Lonoke County (77)..

Caudryina io Cushman

Plate 7, figure 19

Gaudryina iq Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., 

vol. 9, p. 51, pi. 5, figs. 6a-c, 1933; Cushman Lab. Foram. 

Research Special Pub. 7, p. 44, pi. 7, fig. 4, 1937.

Test elongate, tapering, early portion triserial, triangular in section, later portion biserial, the periphery 

angularly lobed; chambers inflated and rounded except 

at the angles; sutures distinct, slightly depressed in the 

early portion, strongly so in the adult chambers; wall 

"distinctly arenaceous, composed of rather uniformly 

sized sand grains cemented into a fairly smooth surface; 

aperture0 elongate, at the base of the last-formed chamber, 

or tending to become terminal. Length 2.00 mm., 

breadth 0.70 mm., thickness 0.50 mm.

This species seems to be a characteristic one of the 

Wolfe City sand member of the Taylor. It may be 

found to be a definite index fossil for this particular 

member.

Taylor marl, Wolfe City sand member. Texas, Collin County 

(181, 182).
34 UPPER CRETACEOUS FORAMINIFERA OF .GULF COASTAL REGION

Gaudryina bearpawensis Wickenden

Plate 7, figures 20-22 

Gaudryina bearpawensis Wickenden, Royal Soc. Canada Trans..

3d ser., vol. 26, sec. 4, p. 88, pi. 1, fig. 7, 1932. 

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Special Pub. 7, 

p. 44, pi. 7, figs. 5-7, 1937.

Test elongate, early portion triserial, later twisting into 

a biserial part, tapering toward both ends, but more 

strongly toward the early portion; chambers distinct, 

almost globular, especially in the triserialpart; biserial 

part only 5 or 6 altogether, triserial portion three rows 

of six chambers each; sutures distinct, slightly curved; 

walls rather coarsely arenaceous, with much brown 

cement; aperture comma-shaped, at the base of the lastformed chamber; color brownish. Length about 0.45 

mm., breadth 0.18 mm.

This is a very small species, easily overlooked. The 

young stages are definitely triserial, and young specimens 

therefore may be easily confused with Verneuilina. As 

far as records show, this species has been recorded only 

from the Bearpaw formation of western Canada.

Bearpaw formation. Exposures on west bank of Oldman River about % mile north of main highway leading 

west from Lethbridge, SE1^ sec. 11, T. 9, R. 22 W. of 

4th meridian, Alberta Canada. Exposures on Oldman 

River near Lethbridge, on St; Marys River east of Manyberries, and in valley due north of Lundbreck, Alberta, 

Canada.

Gaudryina painoides Wickenden

Plate 7, figure 18 

Gaudryina painoides Wickenden, Royal Soc. Canada Trans., 3d

ser., vol. 26, sec. 4, p. 88, pi. 1, figs. 3a-c, 1932. 

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research SpeciaJ^Pub. 7, 

p. 45, pi. 7, fig. 3, 1937.

Test minute, elongate, slender, several times as long as 

broad, the early and smaller portion triserial, later and 

larger portion biserial, compressed; chambers distinct, 

inflated, biserial ones increasing regularly in size as 

added, the last-formed pair being the largest; sutures 

distinct, strongly depressed, only slightly oblique; wall 

very finely arenaceous, with a large proportion of cement; 

aperture rounded, tending to become somewhat terminal. 

Length 0.25 to 0.30 mm., breadth 0.06 to 0.08 mm.

This species is very distinctive in its characters in spite 

of its very small size. It was described from the Upper 

Cretaceous of western Canada.

Boyne beds. Exposure on the Pembina escarpment 8 

miles south of Morden, SE1^ sec. 32, T. 1, R. 5 W. of 

principal meridian; Boyne River 41/£ miles west of Miami 

near Treherne; calcareous shales in the Vermilion River 

1/2 mile above the crossing of the trail into the Riding 

Mountain Forest Reserve, Manitoba, Canada.

Gaudryina canadensis Cushmaii

Plate 6, figure 24 

Bigenerina angulata Cushman, Royal Soc. Canada Trans., 3d ser.,

vol. 21, sec. 4, p. 131, pi. 1, fig. 10, 1927. 

Gaudryina canadensis Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram.'Research

Contr., vol. 19, p. 28, pi,. 6, figs. 7, 8, 1943.

Test elongate, earliest portion triserial, becoming biserial early in the development and in some specimens 

tending to become uniserial; chambers distinct, inflated, 

10 to 16 in the adult biserial portion, very gradually 

increasing in size as added; sutures distinct, depressed; 

wall arenaceous with a large proportion of cement, easily 

contorted in fossilization; aperture enlarged at the base, 

tending to become terminal and 'more rounded in the

uniserial chambers. Length 0.80 to 1.25 mm.; breadth 

0.22 to 0.25 mm.

The wall has an abundance of brownish cement, apparently chitinous, and was apparently flexible so that 

in fossilization very few specimens kept their original 

shape.

The species is evidently related to Gaudryina bearpawensis AVickenden, but that species has a much greater 

proportion of triserial chambers and the biserial stage 

much shorter with no apparent tendency to become 

uniserial.

This species was originally described from beds referred to the Upper Cretaceous of Manitoba, Canada, 

but later seen to be definitely Lower Cretaceous. Specimens from the Cretaceous of Bohemia are very similar 

indeed to this American species, but apparently it has 

not been described from Europe. The large amount of 

cement in both series of specimens probably accounts 

for the fact that the tests are usually collapsed.

"Upper Cretaceous" [Lower Cretaceous]. British Petroleum well 

No. 3, 2,044 to 2,054 feet, sec. 29, T. 45, R. 6 W. of 4th meridian, 

Manitoba, Canada.

Gaudryina rudita Sandige

Plate 7, figures 23, 24;-plate 8, figure 1 

Gaudryina rudita Sandidge, Am. Midland Naturalist, vol. 13, p.

342, pi. 31, figs. 19, 20, 1932. 

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Special Pub. 7.

p. 46, pi. 7, figs. 8-10, 1937. 

Cushman and Todd, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr.,

vol. 19, p. 51, pi. 9, fig. 4, 1943. 

Cushman, idem, vol. 20, p. 84, 1944. 

Cushman and Deaderick, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 18, p. 329,

pi. 50, figs. 9, 10, 1944.

Textularia agglutinans W. Berry (not D'Orbigny), in Berry and 

Kelley, U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc., vol. 76, art. 19, p. 3, pi. 2. 

fig. 1, 1929. 

Gaudryina rugosa Cushman (not D'Orbigny), Tennessee Div.

Geology Bull. 41, p. 20, pi. 1, figs. 9, 10, 1931. 

Gaudryina minima Cushman (?) (not Egger), Jour. Paleontology, 

vol. 5, p. 301, pi. 34, figs. 5a, b, 1931.

Test elongate, slightly compressed, broad at the apertural end, initial end bluntly pointed; triserial portion 

small, short; biserial portion much longer, slightly inflated; chambers gradually increasing in size as added, 

rounded, overlapping; sutures somewhat depressed, sometimes partially concealed by the rough coating of sand; 

wall finely arenaceous, exterior covered with coarse sand 

grains, surface rough; aperture in a rounded depression 

extending from the inner margin well into the face of the 

last chamber. Length 0.60 to 0.90 mm., breadth 0.30 to 

0.40 mm., thickness 0.20 to 0.30 mm.

This is a variable species, and, if all the forms recorded 

here belong to one species, it is rather widely distributed, 

occurring most commonly in the Navarro but with a few 

specimens referable to it in the Taylor and at a single 

locality in the Austin. The surface of the test at the 

type locality is covered with coarse sand grains, but in 

other localities this feature is much less definite. The 

general form of the test, however, seems to be rather 

constant. It has been recorded in the American Cretaceous both as Gaudryina rugosa and as G. minima, but 

now that the typical forms of those species are well 

known, our American species is seen to be very definitely 

distinct. 

Navarro age.

Corsicana marl. Texas, Limestone C9unty (29, 30).

Owl Creek formation. Mississippi, Tippah County (83).

Prairie Bluff chalk. Alabama, Wilcox County (100); Sumter 

County (101-103).

Ripley formation. Tennessee, McNairy County (94, 95, 97); 

Henderson County (96).
VERNEUILINIDAE 35

Selina chalk (upper part). Tennessee, McNairy County (98). 

Ncylanclville marl. Texas, Delta County (51); Hunt County

(53); Navarro County (64). - . 

Taylor age. 

Upper part of Taylor mar.1. Texas, Leon County (138); WiLliarason County (142).

Selina chalk (middle part). Tennessee, Hardin County (255). 

Marlbrook marl. Arkansas, Clark County; Howard County;

Hempstead County. 

Austin age.

Austin chalk. Texas, Grayson County (290). 

Sclma chalk (lower part). Mississippi, Lee County (350).

Gaudryina quadraiis Cushmaii

Plate 8, figures 2, 3

Gaudryina quadrans Cushman, Gush man Lab. Foram. Research 

Special Pub. 6, p. 6, pi. 1, figs. 12a, b, 1936; idem, Special 

Pub. 7, p. 47, pi. 7, figs. 11, 12, 1937.

Cushman and Deaderick, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 18, p. 330, 

pi. 50, figs. 11, 12, 1944.

Test elongate, sometimes slightly. twisted, tapering 

more or less pyramidal, greatest breadth tpward the 

quadrate apertural end, usually rhomboid, truncate; 

early portion triangular, triserial; later quadrate, biserial; chambers distinct except in the earliest portion, 

very slightly inflated, increasing gradually in size as 

added; sutures distinct, slightly depressed; wall arenaceous but the exterior usually with smooth finish; aperture a low opening in an indentation of the inner margin 

of the last-formed chamber. Length up to 1.20 mm., 

diameter 0.60 mm.

This is a distinctive species but so far has been found 

only at the type locality and in the Marlbrook marl of 

Arkansas.

Taylor age.

Upper part of Taylor marl. Texas, Bexar County (158). 

Marlbrook marl. Arkansas, Howard County; Hempstead 

County.

Cuudryina (Siphogaudryina) aiislinana Cushman

Plate 8, figures 5-7

Gaudryina (Siphogaudryina) austinana Cushman, Cushman Lab.

Foram. Research Special Pub. 6, p. 10, pi. 2, figs. 6a, b,

1936; idem, Special Pub. 7, p. 74, pi. 11, figs. 1-3, 1937.

Cushman and Deaderick, idem, Contr., vol. 18, p. 53, pi. 9,

figs. 15, 16, 1942. 

Cushman, idem, Contr., vol. 20, p. 84, pi. 13, fig. 2, 1944.

Test somewhat longer than broad, the early portion 

triserial and triangular, in the later portion biserial and 

somewhat compressed, the keel of one side dividing so 

that a generally quadrangular test results, angles sharp 

or somewhat rounded; chambers fairly distinct, especially 

in the later portion, where they are somewhat inflated; 

sutures fairly distinct, oblique, the later sutures slightly 

depressed; wall arenaceous, with much cement, either 

smooth or slightly roughened on the exterior; aperture 

a small, low opening in a rather deep, semicircular reentrant of the inner margin of the last-formed chamber. 

Length up to 2.00 mm., breadth 1.00 mm.

This species shows the relationships between typical 

Gaudryina and the subgenus Pseudogaudryina, particularly G. (P.) ellisorae (p. 35). The early stages very 

closely resemble those of Pseudogaudryinella. The 

species also resembles Gaudryina (Siphogaudryina) carinata Franke, but the angles are less prominent, the surface is smoother, and the general appearance of the 

species is much less coarse. Our collections seem to show 

that this is a good index fossil for the Austin.chalk, particularly the upper portion. The few localities from the 

Taylor all lie just above the Austin-Taylor contact.

Taylor marl, lower part. Texas, Dallas County (216, 217, 222,

224); Williamson County (246). 

Austin age. 

Burditt marl (of Adkins). Texas, Bell County (269); Travis

County (270, 271). 

Gober tongue of Austin chalk. Texas, Fannin County (273,

276-278); Lamar County (285, 288). 

Austin chalk. Texas, Grayson County (289-291); Collin

County (292, 294, 295); Dallas County (296, 303, 305,

306, 309, 310); Bell County (316).

Selma chalk (lower part). Mississippi, Lee County (350). 

Brownstown marl. Arkansas, Sevier County.

Gaiiflryina (Siphogaudryina) stcpheiisoni Cushman

Plate 8, figures 8-11 

Gaudryina sLephensoni Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research

Contr., vol. 4, p. 108, pi. 16, figs. 6-8, 1928; Tennessee

Div. Geology Bull. 41, p. 20, pi. 1, figs, lla, b, 1931; Jour.

Paleontology, vol. 6, p. 332, 1932. 

Sandidge, idem, p. 268, pi. 41, figs. 13, 14, 1932. 

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Special Pub.

7, p. 74, pi. 11, figs. 4-6, 11, 1937. 

Cushman and Deaderick, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 18, p. 330,

pi. 50, figs. 13, 14, 1944.

Test elongate, tapering, greatest width near the apertural. end; the early portion triserial and tricarinate, 

rapidly increasing in size from the subacute initial end, 

later and larger portion biserial, with qua'drate chambers, 

the angles distinct, the broader faces of the" test flattened 

or slightly concave, the angles of each chamber marked 

by fistulose processes that are usually broken through at 

the tip, showing the hollow within; chambers fairly distinct in well preserved specimens; sutures very slightly 

depressed; wall finely arenaceous, somewhat rough on the 

exterior; aperture a low elongate opening, on the inner 

margin of the last-formed chamber. Length 0.70., 

breadth 0.25 mm., thickness 0.15 mm.

This species is related to G. (S.) austinana and probably is derived from it. It is characteristic of the Taylor 

marl in its various phases, and can, therefore, be used as 

an index fossil with G. (S.) austinana to distinguish these 

two parts of the Upper Cretaceous. There are a few 

records of a form from the lower Navarro as G. (S.) 

stephensoni that may not be the same species, but they 

are very closely allied. The single record from the 

Austin is from the Burditt marl (of Adkins), which has 

various elements of its foraminiferal fauna closely resembling the Taylor.

Navarro age.

Ripley formation. Tennessee, McNairy County (94, 95). 

Selma chalk (upper part). Mississippi, Prentiss County (91).

Alabama, Marengo County (i04). 

Taylor age.

Marlbrook marl. Arkansas, Clark County; Hempstead County. 

Upper part of Taylor marl. Texas, Lamar County (110);

Hunt County (116); Collin County (121); Kaufman

County (129); Milam County (139); Williamson County

(142); Bexar County (152, 159). 

Pecan Gap chalk member of Taylor marl. Texas, Collin

County (170-172). 

Wolfe City sand member of Taylor marl. Texas, Collin County

(181-183). 

Lower part of Taylor marl. Texas, Delta County (206); Collin

County (212); Ellis County (234). 

Selma chalk (middle part). Mississippi. Alcorn County (257);

Union County (262). 

Austin age. Burditt marl (of Adkins). Texas, Travis County

(270).

Caudryiiia (Pseudogaudryina) ellisorae Cushman

Plate 8, figures 12, 13

Gaudryina (Pseudogaudryina) ellisorae Cushman, Cushman Lab. 

Foram. Research Special Pub. 6, p. 13, pi. 2, figs. 12a, b, 

1936; idem, Special Pub. 7, p. 87, pi. 12, figs. 15, 16, 1937; 

idem, Contr., vol. 20, p. 84, pi. 13, fig. 3, 1944.
36 UPPER, CRETACEOUS FORAMINIFERA OF GULF COASTAL REGION

Test slightly longer than broad; the earliest stage triserial and the test triangular, later becoming somewhat 

compressed so that the two sides that have the zigzag 

line between the chambers are much broader than the 

third side, which has horizontal sutures; angles usually 

sharp; chambers fairly distinct, slightly if at all inflated; 

sutures rather indistinct, later sutures sometimes slightly 

depressed; wall arenaceous, somewhat variable in texture 

according to the habitat, either coarsely arenaceous and 

somewhat roughened on the exterior or with much 

cement, finely arenaceous and smooth; aperture a rather 

high opening in an elongate, rounded re-entrant in the 

inner margin of the last-formed chamber. Length 0.80 

mm., breadth 0.55 mm.

This species apparently represents the earliest occurrence of this subgenus. In the adult the face with the 

simple horizontal sutures is narrow and the two faces 

with the zigzag sutures are broad, each chamber of one 

series in the biserial portion having the periphery truncate, the other series with the periphery forming an 

acute angle. The species is closely related to Gaudryina 

(Siphogaudryina) austinana and to Pseudogaudryinella 

capitosa.

Taylor marl, lower part. Texas, Travis County (248). 

Austin age. Selma chalk (lower part). Mississippi, Itawamba 

County (351); Lee County (350).

Gaudryina (Pseudogaudryina) pyramidata Cushman

Plate 8, figure 14 -

Gaudryina laevigata Franke var. pyramidata Cushman, Am,

Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., vol. 10, p. 587, pi. 16.

figs. 8a, b, 1926.

White, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 2, p. 313, pi. 42, fig. 7, 1928. 

Cushman and Jarvis, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research

Contr., vol. 4, p. 92, pi. 13, fig. 6, 1928; U. S. Nat. Mus.

Proc., vol. 80, art. 14, p. 18, pi. 5, fig. 3, 1932. 

Cushman, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 6, p. 333, 1932. 

Gaudryina (Pseudogaudryina) pyramidata Cushman, Cushman

Lab. Foram. Research Special Pub. 7, p. 87, pi. 12, fig.

13, 1937. 

Cushman and Goudkoff, idem, Contr., vol. 20, p. 56, pi. 9,

figs. 7, 8, 1944.

Test somewhat longer than broad, triangular in transverse section, the early chambers triserial, later biserial, 

angles acute; chambers distinct, slightly inflated, in the 

biserial portion with the series of one side with a squarely 

truncate periphery, those of the opposite series pointed; 

sutures distinct, slightly depressed; wall rather coarsely 

arenaceous but usually with a smooth surface; aperture a low opening in a semicircular re-entrant of the 

inner margin of the last-formed chamber. Length up 

to 1.25 mm., diameter 0.90 mm.

The species is particularly well developed in the 

Velasco shale in the Tampico Embayment region of 

Mexico and occurs also in Trinidad and in California.

Upper Cretaceous. Pit at Lizard Springs, near Guayaguayare,

southeastern Trinidad. 

Velasco shale. Hacienda el Limon, Mexico.

Genus GAUDRYINELLA Plummet, 1931 

Caudryinella pseudoserrata Cushman

Plate 8, figures 15-21

Gaudryinella pseudoserrata Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. 

Research Contr., vol. 8, p. 99, pi. 11, figs. 20, 21, 1932; 

Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Special Pub. 7, p. 105, 

pi. 14, figs. 16-22, 1937.

Cushman and Todd, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., 

vol. 19, p. 51, pi. 9, fig. 5, 1943.

Test elongate, earliest portion triserial, then becoming 

biserial and somewhat compressed, in the adult tending

to become uniserial; chambers distinct, later chambers 

inflated and lobulate; sutures distinct, later sutures deeply depressed; wall rather coarsely arenaceous, later portion in many specimens roughly finished; aperture in the 

adult rounded and subterminal. Length 1.00 mm. or 

more, diameter 0.50 mm., thickness 0.35 mm.

This species is an excellent marker for the Nacatoch 

sand and above. . It is very abundant and rather widely 

distributed. There seems to be much variation, particularly in the later chambers, for in some specimens these 

chambers are much expanded and in others contracted 

to almost a cylindrical form. There is also considerable 

range in the coarseness of the exterior.

Navarro age. 

Kemp clay. Texas, Navarro County (4, 5); Williamson County

(11, 12); Travis County (13, 17). 

Corsicaria marl. Texas, Hunt County (24); Navarro County

(25-28); Limestone County (30, 31); Falls County (32);

Travis County (34-43); Caldwell County (44); Guadalupe County (45); Bexar County (46). 

Arkadelphia marl. Arkansas, Hempstead County (71, 72). 

Nacatoch sand. Texas, Bowie County (47). Arkansas, Lonoke

County (77).

Genus PSEUDOCLAVULINA Cushman, 1936 

Pseudoclavulina clavata (Cushman) Cushman

Plate 8, figures 22-31; plate 9, figures 1, 2

Clavulina clavata Cushman, Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists 

Bull., vol. 10, p. 589, pi. 17, fig. 4, 1926; Jour. Paleontology, 

vol. 1, p. 149, pi. 28, fig. 3, 1927. 

Clavulina amorphq Cushman (not 1926), Tennessee Div. Geology

Bull. 41, p. 21, pi. 1, figs. 12, 13, 1931.

Clavulina, -parisiensis Sandidge (not D'Orbigny),. Jour. Paleontology, vol. 6, p. 269, pi. 41, fig. 12, 1932.

Reophax cylindricus H. B. Brady var. ripleyensis W. Berry, in 

Berry and Kelley, U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc., vol. 76, art. 19, 

p. 2, pi. 1, fig. 5, 1929.

Reophax coonensis W. Berry, idem, p. 2, pi. 3, fig. 23, 1929. 

Pseudoclavulina clavata Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Special Pub. 7, p. 108, pi. 15, figs. 1-13, 1937. 

Cushman and Deaderick, idem, Contr., vol. 18, p. 53, pi. 9,

figs. 17-22, 1942. 

Cushman and Todd, idem, Contr., vol. 19, p. 52. pi. 9, fig. 6,

1943. 

Frizzell, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 17, p. 340, pi. 55, fig. 14,

1943. 

Cushman and Deaderick, idem, vol: 18, p. 330, pi. 50, figs.

15-17, 1944.

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 20, 

p. 3, pi. 1, fig. 8, 1944.

Test usually slender, comparatively large in the microspheric form, 2 to 4 times as long as broad; early portion 

triserial and somewhat swollen, later uniserial, generally 

rounded in transverse section in the adult and triangular 

in the early stages; chambers inflated in the adult, somewhat indistinct, increasing very slightly in size as added; 

sutures mostly indistinct but slightly depressed in the 

later portion; wall coarsely arenaceous, usually with 

fairly smooth finish but in some specimens with a rather 

rough exterior; aperture in the adult terminal, circular. 

Length up to 1.00 mm. or more.

The material from Mexico from which this species was 

originally described had been somewhat subjected to the 

action of acid and did not show the full characters. 

Specimens from the same locality have since been studied 

and the full characters determined. The microspheric 

form is usually large and decidedly stouter than the 

smaller and more slender megalospheric form, which has 

a nearly uniform diameter throughout instead of tapering, as does the microspheric form. There is a considerable difference in the texture of the wall and the roughness of the exterior, and this seems to be a variable 

character influenced more or less by local conditions of
VERNEUILINIDAE 37

the environment. The species seems to develop in the 

upper part of the Austin chalk and appears in very considerable numbers in the Gober tongue. It is also widely 

distributed throughout the Taylor and into the Navarro.

Vekisco shale. Hacienda el Limon, Vera Cruz, Mexico. 

Mal Paso shale. Northwestern Peru. 

Navarro age.

Corsicana marl. Texas, Limestone County (29, 30). 

Prairie Bluff chalk. Mississippi, Chickasaw County (84-87).

Alabama, Wilcox County (99); Sumter County (101). 

Selma chalk (upper part). Mississippi, Prentiss County (91).

Alabama, Marengo County (104). Tennessee, McNairy

County (98). 

Ripley formation. Tennessee, McNairy County (94, 97); Henderson County (96). 

Neylandville marl. Texas, Delta County (51); Hunt County

(53-55). 

Taylor age. 

Upper part of Taylor marl. Texas, Red River County (105-

107); Delta County (114); Hunt County (115, 116);

Collin County (121); Kaufman County (125, 128, 129 ;

131); Navarro County (132, 134); Limestone County

(135); Williamson County (142, 144); Travis County

(145, 149); Hays County (150); Guadalupe County

(151); Bexar County (158, 159, 162, 163). 

Marlbrook marl. Arkansas, Clark County; Howard County;

Hempstead County.

Ozan formation. Arkansas, Little River County (254). 

Anacacho limestone (upper part). Texas, Bexar County (164). 

Pecan Gap chalk member of Taylor marl. Texas, Hunt County

(168); Collin County (169); Kaufman County (173);

Rockwall County (175); McLennan County (177); Delta

County (165, 166). 

Selma chalk of Pecan Gap chalk age. Alabama, Marengo

County (256). 

Wolfe City sand member of Taylor marl. Texas, Collin County

(ISO-183); Navarro County (188). 

Annona chalk. Texas, Bowie County (189, 190); Red River

County (192-198). 

Selma chalk (middle part). Mississippi, Alcorn County (258.

259); Prentiss County (260, 261); Lee County (264, 268) 

Lower part of Taylor marl. Texas, Red River County (199);

Lamar County (200, 202); Delta County (206); Collin

County (207, 209-212, 214, 215); Dallas County (222.

224, 225, 227); Kaufman County (228, 229); Ellis County

232, 234); Hill County (237); McLennan County (241-

243); Bell County (245); Travis County (247-249). 

Austin age.

Burditt marl (of Adkins). Texas, Travis County (270). 

Gober tongue of Austin chalk. Texas, Fannin County (279.

281); Lamar County (282-288). 

Austin chalk. Texas, Dallas County (304, 310). 

Selma chalk of upper Austin age. Alabama, Pickens County

(352). 

Brownstown marl. Texas, Red River County (318, 319); Lamar

County (321). Arkansas, Sevier County (347). 

Ector tongue of Austin chalk. Texas, Grayson County (332). 

Selma chalk (lower part). Mississippi, Lee County (350).

Pseudoclavulina amorpha (Cushman) Cushman

Plate 9, figures 3, 4 

Clavulina amorpha Cushman, Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists

Bull., vol. 10, p. 589, pi. 17, fig. 3, 1926. 

White, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 2, p. 315, pi. 42, fig. 12,

1928. 

Cushman and Jarvis, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research

Contr., vol. 4, p. 93, pi. 13, fig. 9, 1928.

Pseudoclavulina amorpha Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Special Pub. 7, p. 109, pi. 15, figs. 14, 15, 1937.

Test large, stout, 2 or 3 times as long as broad, early 

portion triserial; chambers indistinct, roughly triangular 

in section, the later portion uniserial, circular in transverse section, composed of a few large inflated chambers 

nearly as broad as the early triserial portion, with no 

abrupt break between the two parts; sutures in the lastformed portion slightly depressed, distinct; wall coarsely 

arenaceous but with a large proportion of cement and 

smoothly finished; aperture large, circular, terminal.

Length 1.20 mm., breadth 0.50 mm., thickness 0.50 mm. 

This species was originally described from the Upper 

Cretaceous of the Tampico Embayment region, Mexico. 

It also occurred in Trinidad. Other references for this 

species belong either to the following variety or to 

Pseudoclavulina clavata Cushman.

Velasco shale. Hacienda el Limon, Mexico. 

Upper Cretaceous. At a depth of 720 feet in well at Lizard 

Springs, near Guayaguayare, southeastern Trinidad.

Pseudoclavulina amorpha (Cushman) Cushman 

var. iiicrustata Cushman.

Plate 9, figure 5 

Clavulina amorpha Cushman (not 1926), Jour. Paleontology,

vol. 5, p. 302, pi. 34, figs. 9a, b, 1931. 

Pseudoclavulina amorpha (Cushman) Cushman var. incrustata

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram, Research Special Pub.

6, p. 17, 1936; idem, Special Pub. 7, p. 109, pi. 15, fig.

16, 1937.

Variety differing from the typical form in the very 

coarsely arenaceous exterior, which obscures the arrangement of the chambers and structure.

This is characteristic of the Saratoga chalk of Arkansas.

Navarro age. Saratoga chalk. Arkansas, Howard County (79); 

Hempstead County (81).

Pseudoclavulina chitiiiosa (Cushman and Jarvis) Cushman

Plate 9, figures 6-8

Clavulina chitinosa Cushman and Jarvia, U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc., 

vol. 80, art. 14, p. 20, pi. 5, figs. 9-11, 1932.

Pseudoclavulina chitinosa Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Special Pub. 7, p. 109, pi. 15, figs. 17-19, 1937.

Test elongate, slender, the early triserial portion often 

being of slightly greater diameter than the later uniserial 

portion; chambers numerous, fairly distinct; sutures 

distinct, depressed, especially in the last-formed part of 

the uniserial portion; wall almost entirely chitinous, 

clear, and translucent, very smooth; aperture terminal, 

with a slight neck and lip. Length up to 1.00 mm., diameter up to 0.30 mm.

The wall of the test is composed almost entirely of 

pure chitin, a character probably representing deep-water 

habitat. Owing to the thickness of the wall and its 

chitinous character, specimens are usually much distorted 

in fossilization, obscuring the earliest chambers.

Upper Cretaceous. Pit at Lizard Springs, near Guayaguayare, 

southeastern Trinidad. (Type locality.)

Pseudoclavulina arenata (Cushman) Cushman

Plate 9, figure 9 

Clavulina arenata Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research

Contr., vol. 9, p. 54, pi. 6, figs. 5a, b, 1933. 

Pseudoclavulina arenata (Cushman) Cushman, Cushman Lab.

Foram. Research Special Pub. 7, p. 110, pi. 15, fig. 28,

1937.

Test elongate, cylindrical, early chambers triserial and 

somewhat triangular in section, later chambers uniserial; 

chambers rather indistinct, of rather uniform size except 

the final one, which is somewhat longer than the others; 

sutures mostly indistinct, very slightly depressed; wall 

rather coarsely arenaceous, surface rough; aperture 

terminal, rounded, without a neck. Length 0.65 mm., 

diameter 0.15 mm.

This is a small, .roughly finished, cylindrical species, so 

far known only from horizons near the top of the Upper 

Cretaceous. It is very abundant at the type locality.

Navarro age. Arkadelphia marl. Arkansas, Hempstead County 

(72).
38 UPPER CRETACEOUS FORAMINIFERA OF GULF COASTAL REGION

Genus CLAVULINOIDES Cushman, 1936 

Clavulinoides trilatera (Cushman) Cushman

Plate 9, figures 10-16 

Clavulinq trilatera Cushman, Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists

Bull., vol. 10, p. 588, pi. 17, fig. 2, 1926; Jour. Paleontology,

vol. 1, p. 149, pi. 28, fig. 1, 1927. 

Cushman and Jarvis, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research

Contr., vol. 4, p. 93, pi. 13, fig. 8, 1928; U. S. Nat. Mus.

Proc., vol. 80, art. 14, p. 18, pi. 5, fig. 5, 1932. 

Cushman, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 5, p. 302, pi. 34, figs. 10,

11, 1931; idem, vol. 6, p. 333, 1932. 

Clavulinoides trilatera (Cushman) Cushman, Cushman Lab.

Foram. Research Special Pub. 7, p. 121, pi. 16, figs. 12-18,

1937. . Cushman and Todd, idem, Contr., vol. 19, p. 52, pi. 9, fig. 7,

1943. 

Cushman, idem, Contr., vol. 20, p. 3, pi. 1, fig. 7, 1944.

Test elongate, tapering, especially in the microspheric 

form; megalospheric form with the sides nearly parallel 

in the adult, triangular throughout or the last-formed 

chamber becoming more rounded, angles distinct but 

not definitely keeled; chambers fairly distinct, the uniserial portion consisting of 5 or more chambers, of rather 

uniform size and shape, increasing very slightly in size 

as added; sutures distinct, slightly depressed, becoming 

nearly horizontal in the adult, particularly the megalospheric form; wall arenaceous but usually rather 

smoothly finished; aperture rounded or with 3 distinct 

lobes pointing toward the angles of the test, slightly, 

projecting. Length up to nearly 2.00 mm. in the microspheric form, breadth, 0.35-0.50 mm.

The typical form is much less common than the following varieties.

Upper Cretaceous. Pit at Lizard Springs, near Guayaguayare,

southeastern Trinidad.

Velasco and Mendez shales. From well samples, Hacienda el

Limon, Mexico; 2.5 km. northeast of Huiches, Mexico;

5 km. southeast of Guerrero, Mexico; on San Luis

Potosi-Tampico Railroad at km. 576.82, 577.96, 577.20

Navarro age.

Saratoga chalk. Arkansas, Howard County (79); Hempstead

County (80). 

Corsicana marl. Texas, Navarro County (27); Limestone

County (30); Travis County (38).

Taylor marl, Pecan Gap chalk member. Texas, Delta County 

(165, 166).

. Clavulinoides trilatera (Cushman) Cushman var. concava 

(Cushman) Cushman

Plate 9, figures 17-22

Clavulina trilatera Cushman var. concava Cushman, Jour. Paleontology vol. 5, p. 302, pi. 34, figs. 12a, b, 1931. 

Clavulina trilatera Cushman (not 1926), Tennessee Div. Geology

Bull. 41, p. 22, pi. 2, figs. 1-3, 1931.

Clavulina insignis Sandidge (not Plummer), Am. Midland Naturalist, vol. 13, p. 192, pi. 19, figs. 1-4, 1932.

Clamdinoides trilatera (Cushman) Cushman var. concava (Cushman) Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Special 

Pub. 7, p. 121, pi. 16, figs. 19-25, 1937. 

Cushman, idem, Contr., vol. 20, p. 3, pi. 1, fig. 9, 1944. 

Cushman and Deaderick, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 18, p. 330, 

pi. 50, figs. 18-21, 1944.

Variety differing from the typical form in the more 

acute angles, more concave sides, and usually somewhat 

higher chambers.

This variety grades into the typical form of the species, 

but for the most part may be distinguished by the very 

definite angles of the test throughout. It is much more 

widely distributed than the typical form, as will be seen 

by the accompanying list of localities.

Navarro age.

Prairie Bluff chalk. Alabama, Sumter County (103). 

Nacatoch sand. Texas, Bowie County (47). 

Saratoga chalk. Arkansas, Hempstead County (81, 82); 

Howard County (79).

Ripley formation. Tennessee, McNairy County (94, 95); Henderson County (96).

Selma chalk (upper part). Mississippi, Prentiss County (91); 

Union County (92). Alabama, Marengo County (104).

Neylandville marl. Texas, Red River County (50); Hunt 

County (55); Rockwall County (57); Kaufman County 

(58, 62); Navarro County (64, 68). 

Taylor age.

Upper part of Taylor marl. Texas, Red River County (106, 

107, 109); Lamar County (110); Delta County (114); 

Hunt County (115); Collin County (119, 121); Rockwall County (124); Kaufman County (125, 128); Navarro 

County (132); Limestone County (136); Leon County 

(138); Milam County (139); Williamson County (141); 

Travis County (145, 149); Bexar County (152, 153, 

156, 158, 159, 161).

Selma chalk of Pecan Gap age. Alabama, Marengo County 

(256).

Marlbrook marl. Arkansas, Howard County; Hempstead 

County.

Pecan Gap chalk member of-Taylor marl. Texas, Delta County 

(165).

Wolfe City sand member of Taylor marl. Texas, Collin County 

(182).

Annona chalk. Texas, Bowie County (189, 190).

Selma chalk (middle part). Mississippi, Alcorn County (259); 

Prentiss County (260, 261); Union County (262); Lee 

County (266, 267). Tennessee, Hardin County (255).

Lower part of Taylor marl. Texas, Ellis County (234).

Clavulinoides trilatera (Cushman) Cushman var. plummerae 

(Sandidge) Cushman

Plate 9, figure 23

Clavulina plummerae Sandidge, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 6, p. 

270, pi. 41, figs. 17, 18, 1932.

Clavulinoides Crilatera (Cushman) Cushman var. plummerae 

(Sandidge) Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research 

Special Pub. 7, p. 122, pi. 16, fig. 26, 1937.

Variety differing from the typical form in the somewhat sharper angles and in the last-formed chambers, 

which tend to become rounded and smooth.

This form was described from the Cretaceous Ripley 

formation of Barton's bluff on Tombigbee River, Ala. 

It is very close to the typical form of Clavulinoides 

trilatera (Cushman) Cushman. The megalospheric form 

in both has a rounded aperture, and the microspheric 

form usually shows 3 lobes.

Navarro age.

Corsicana marl. Texas, Travis County (38). 

Prairie Bluff chalk. Alabama, Bartons Bluff, Tombigbee River. 

Selma chalk (upper part). Alabama, Marengo County (104). 

Saratoga chalk. Arkansas, Howard County (79); Hempstead

County (80).

Neylandville marl. Texas, Navarro County (63). 

Taylor age. 

Upper part of Taylor marl. Texas, Red River County (105,

107); Lamar County (110, 111); Hunt County (115, 116);

Collin County (120, 122); Kaufman County (129-131);

Bexar County (152). 

Pecan Gap chalk member of Taylor marl. Texas, Collin

County (171, 172). 

Wolfe City sand member of Taylor marl. Texas, Collin County

(181); Hunt County (184); Navarro County (188). 

Annona chalk. Texas, Bowie County (189, 190); Red River

County (192). _ 

Lower part of Taylor marl. Texas, Delta County (206); Ellis

County (234).

Clavulinoides aspera (Cushman) Cushman

Plate 9, figures 24-30

Clavulina trilatera Cushman var. aspera Cushman, Am. Assoc. 

Petroleum Geologists Bull., vol. 10, p. 589, pi. 17, fig. 3, 

1926, 

Cushman and Jarvis, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research

Contr., vol. 4, p. 93, pi. 13,. fig. 5, 1928. 

Clavulina aspera Cushman and Jarvis, U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc., vol

80, art. 14, p. 19, pi. 5, fig. 4, 1932.

White, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 2, p. 315, pi. 42, fig. 14 

1928.
VERNEUILINIDAE 39

Clnvulinoides aspera (Cushman) Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. 

Research Special Pub. 7, p. 122, pi. 16, figs. 27-31, pi. 17, 

figs. 1-3, 1937; idem, Contr., vol. 20, p. 3, pi. 1, fig. 10, 

1944.

Test large, stout; microspheric form rather rapidly 

increasing in diameter toward the apertural end, megalospheric form with the sides parallel in the adult, triangular in section throughout; chambers fairly distinct; 

sutures fairly distinct, slightly curved, slightly depressed 

in the adult; wall coarsely arenaceous, usually rather 

roughly finished, thick; aperture a rounded opening at 

the end of a slight projection. Length up to 2.00 mm. or 

more, diameter 0.80-1.20 mm.

This species, which was originally described as a 

variety of Clavulinoides trilatera, seems to be distinctive. 

It is widely distributed in the Upper Cretaceous of the 

Tampico Embayment of Mexico and seems to have a 

somewhat lower range than Clavulinoides trilatera.

Upper Cretaceous. Pit at Lizard Springs, near Guayaguayare.

southeastern Trinidad; Calex C well 116 feet at Lizard

Springs, Trinidad. 

Lower Velasco and Mendez shales. Northeast of Huiches,

Mexico; 5 km. S. 20° E. of Guerrero, Mexico; 1 km.

N. 2 km. W. of Santa Elena, Mexico; on San Luis PotosiTampico Railroad, at km. 527.94, 575.25, 576.94. 

Navarro age.

Kemp clay. Texas, Guadalupe County (20). 

Corsicuna marl. Texas, Guadalupe County (45). 

Neylandville marl. Texas, Navarro County (63). 

Taylor age. 

Upper part of Taylor marl. Texas, Red River County (106,

109); Lamar County (110-112); Hunt County (115);

Rockwall County (123); Williamson County (140, 142,

144); Travis County (149); Hays County (150); Guadalupe County (151); Bexar County (153-155). 

Ozan formation. Arkansas, Little River County (254). 

Anacacho limestone (upper part). Texas, Bexar County (164). 

Pecan Gap chalk member of Taylor marl. Texas, Hunt County

(168); Kaufman County (173); McLennan County

(177); Delta County (166). 

Wolfe City sand member of Taylor marl. Texas, Collin County

(180-182); Navarro County (188). 

Annona chalk. Texas, Bowie County (190); Red River County

(191-193, 195-198). 

Selma chalk (middle part). Mississippi, Alcorn County (258);

Prentiss County (260); Lee County (264-267). 

Lower part of Taylor marl. Texas, Lamar County (200, 201);

Delta County (206); Collin County (214); Ellis County

(234); Bell County (245). 

Austin age.

Gober tongue* of Austin chalk. Texas, Lamar County (286). 

Austin chalk. Texas, Hays County (317). 

Selma chalk of upper Austin age. Alabama, Warrior River

(353). 

Ector tongue of Austin chalk. Texas, Grayson County (332).

Clavulinoides aspera (Cushman) Cushman var. white! 

(Cushman and Jarvis) Cushman

Plate 9, figures 31-33 

Clavulina aspera Cushman var. ivhitei Cushman and Jarvis, U. S.

Nat. Mus. Proc., vol. 80, art. 14, p. 19, pi. 5, figs. 6-8,

1932. 

Clavidinoides aspera (Cushman) Cushman var. iphitei (Cushman

and Jarvis) Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research

Special Pub. 7, p. 123, pi. 17, figs. 4-6, 1937.

Variety differing from the typical form in the shape 

of the test, which in the megalaspheric form has the triangular portion confined to the early part of the test, 

after which a series of rounded chambers of nearly uniform size is developed; in the microspheric form with the 

triangular form continued throughout or becoming 

quadrangular in section, test increasing gradually in 

diameter to the apertural wall; wall roughened.

This very distinctive variety seems to appear only in

the Upper Cretaceous of Trinidad, where it is well developed and fairly common. The microspheric form 

generally becomes quadrangular in transverse section 

instead of triangular and develops to a large size. The 

aperture usually has three distinct lobes in the triserial 

forms, each lobe pointing to the angle of the test, but in 

the quadrangular forms it often becomes irregular.

Upper Cretaceous. Pit at Lizard Springs, near Guayaguayare, 

'southeastern, Trinidad.

Clavulinoides compressa (Cushman) Cushman

Plate 10, figures 1-7

Clavulina compressa Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research 

Contr., vol. 4, p. 61, pi. 8, figs. 1, 2, 1928; Tennessee Div. 

Geology Bull. 41, p. 22, pi. 2, figs. 4a, .b, 1931. v Clavulinoides compressa (Cushman) Cushman, Cushman Lab. 

Foram. Research Special Pub. 7, p. 123, pi. 17, figs. 7-13, 

1937.

Cushman and Todd, idem, Contr., vol. 19, p. 52, pi. 9, fig. 8, 

1943.

. Test elongate, about twice as long as broad, all but 

the early portion much compressed; the early portion 

triangular in section, pointed at the initial end; later 

portion uniserial, planoconvex, one side continuing the 

flat side of the early portion, the opposite side slightly 

convex; chambers distinct; sutures distinct, slightly depressed; wall finely arenaceous, with much cement, the 

surface smoothly finished; aperture elongate, elliptical 

or crescentic. Length up to 1.60 mm., breadth 0.80 mm.

The types are from the Navarro group, upthrow side 

of fault, 482,feet in core, Mexia oil field, Mexia, Tex.

This is a very specialized species and makes an excellent index fossil for.the upper part of the Navarro above 

the Nacatoch sand. It is particularly well developed in 

the Corsicana marl of Limestone County, Tex., and is 

extremely abundant there. It also occurs in the Arkadelphia clay of Arkansas and in core material from wells 

in Texas. A single record from the Ripley formation of 

Tennessee may be open to some question, as the single 

specimen from that locality is somewhat deformed.

Navarro age. 

Corsicana marl. Texas, Navarro County (25); Limestone

County (30, 31).

Arkadelphia marl. Arkansas, Hempstead County (73). 

Ripley formation. Tennessee, Henderson County (96).

Clavulinoides insigiiis (Plummet) Cushman

Plate 10, figures 8rll 

Clavulina insignis Plummer, Texas Univ. Bull; 3101, p. 138, pi.

8, figs. 1-4, 1931. 

Tritaxia tricarinata Carsey? (not Reuss), idem, Bull. 2612, p. 27,

pi. 6, fig. 4, 1926. 

Clavulinoides insignis (Plummer) Cushman, Cushman Lab.

Foram. Research Special Pub. 7, p. 124, pi. 17, figs. 14-17,

1937. 

Cushman and Todd, idem, Contr., vol. 19, p. 52, pi. 9, fig. 9,

1943.

Test in the megalospheric form with the sides nearly 

parallel or very slightly expanding, in the microspheric 

form broadening rapidly toward the apertural end, triangular throughout in both, in the microspheric form 

with the sides deeply concave, in the megalospheric form 

only slightly so, angles sharply keeled in both forms, 

initial triserial portion often somewhat distinct from the 

later uniserial part; chambers distinct, the uniserial 

chambers in the microspheric form low and broad, in the 

megalospheric form somewhat higher; sutures distinct, 

slightly depressed in the uniserial portion; wall finely 

arenaceous, with much cement, smoothly finished; aperture terminal, with a slight neck and usually three lobes
40 UPPER CRETACEOUS FORAMINIFERA OF GULF COASTAL REGION

pointing toward the angles of the test. Length up to 

2.50 mm., breadth 1.00 mm. or more in the microspheric 

form.

This species is evidently derived from such forms as 

Clavulinoides trilatera var. concava of the Taylor. It is 

a more extreme form with great differences between the 

microspheric and megalospheric forms and is marked by 

very strong development of the keels and a sharp distinction between the triserial and uniserial portions. It 

is rather widely distributed in beds of upper Navarro 

age in Texas, Arkansas, Mississippi, and Alabama.

Navarro age. 

Kemp clay. Texas, Navarro County (4); Williamson County

(11, 12); Guadalupe County (18, 21). 

Corsicana marl. Texas, Hunt County (24); Navarro County

(25-28)-; Limestone County (29-31); Falls County (32);

Travis County (36, 40, 41); Caldwell County (44);

Bexar County (46).

Arkadelphia marl. Arkansas, Hempstead County (70, 72, 73). 

Prairie Bluff chalk. Mississippi, Chickasaw County (84-87).

Alabama, Sumter County (101, 102).

Clavulinoides disjuncta (Cushman) Cushmaii

Plate 10, figures 12-14

Clavulina plummerae Cushman (not Sandidge), Jour. Paleontology, vol. 6, p. 333, pi. 50, figs, la, b, 1932.

Clavulina disjuncta Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research 

Contr., vol. 9, p. 22, 1933.

Clavulinoides disjuncta (Cushman) Cushman, Cushman Lab. 

Foram. Research Special Pub. 7, p. 125, pi. 18, figs. 1-3, 

1937.

Test with the early portion triserial and trilateral, 

the sides slightly concave or flat, angles subacute; early 

chambers of the' uniserial portion triangular in section, 

but the later adult chambers becoming rounded and in 

side view with a definite tapering form both toward the 

base and toward the apertural end, the greatest breadth 

being in the middle zone; sutures distinct, becoming more 

depressed in the adult chambers; wall arenaceous with 

a considerable amount of cement, smoothly finished; 

aperture terminal and rounded in the adult, often with a 

distinct lip. Length up to 1.50 mm. or more, breadth 

up to 0.50 mm.

This species is distinguished by the peculiar shape 

of the last-formed chambers in the uniserial portion. 

These are distinctly cut under -by the basal side down to 

the suture and develop a very distinct ridge about the 

chamber itself. It is apparently a good marker for beds 

of Taylor age, occurring in "the lower part of the upper 

Taylor marl, the Wolfe City sand, and the Annona chalk.

Taylor age.

Upper part of Taylor marl. Texas, Limestone County (136). 

Wolfe City sand member of Taylor marl. Texas, Navarro

County (188). 

Annona chalk. Texas, Red River County (188a, 198).

Genus PSEUDOGAUDRYINELLA Cushman, 1936 

Pseudogaudryinella capitosa (Cushman) Cushman

Plate 10, figures 15-19 

Gaudryinella capitosa Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research

Contr., vol. 9, p. 52, pi. 5, figs. 8a-c, 1933.

Pseudogaudryinella capitosa (Cushman) Cushman, Cushman Lab. 

Foram. Research Special Pub. 7, p. 139, pi. 19, fig. 12. 

1937. 

Cushman and Deaderick, idem, Contr., vol. 19, p. 54, pi. 10,

figs. 1-5, 1942. 

Cushman, idem, Contr., voj. 20, p. 84, pi. 13, fig. 4, 1944.

Test elongate, the early portion equally triangular in 

transverse section, earliest stage triserial, later biserial, 

the two sides showing the alternating chambers broader 

than the third side, later portion uncoiled, nearly circular

in section; chambers in the early portion somewhat indistinct, later distinct and inflated; sutures of the biserial 

portion, fairly distinct, not depressed, later distinct, depressed; wall coarsely arenaceous but smoothly finished; 

aperture in the adult small, rounded, terminal, without 

a neck or lip. Length up to 2.25 mm., breadth 0.90 mm., 

thickness 0.60 mm.

This species is widely distributed in the Selma chalk 

and also in various parts of the Taylor marl. It may be 

distinguished from the following variety, which is found 

in the upper and middle portions of the Austin chalk, 

by the rather indistinct chambers of the early portion and 

the rather smooth faces of the triangular portion, the 

sutures being indistinct and very slightly, if at all, depressed. The varietal form has a distinctly low periphery and distinctly depressed sutures.

Taylor age.

Upper part of Taylor marl. Texas, Rockwall County (124). 

Ozan formation. Arkansas, Sevier County (253). 

Pecan Gap chalk member of Taylor marl. Texas, Collin

County (171); Rockwall County (175).

. Selma chalk (middle part). Mississippi, Lee County (268). 

Wolfe City sand member of Taylor marl. Texas, Hunt County

(184, 186); Navarro County (188). 

Annona chalk. Texas, Red River County (194). 

Lower part of Taylor marl. Texas, Collin County (207-209) ;

Dallas County (223-225); McLennan County (243);

Williamson County (246); Travis County (247). 

Austin age.

Selma chalk, lower part. Mississippi, Lee County (350). 

Brownstown marl. Arkansas, Sevier County.

Pseudogaudryinella capitosa (Cushman) Cushman 

var. serrulata (Cushman) Cushman

Plate 10, figures 20-23 

Gaudryinella capitosa Cushman var. sernilata Cushman, Cushman

Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 9, p. 52, pi. 5, figs.

9a-c, 1933. 

Pseudogaudryinella capitosa (Cushman) Cushman var. serrulata

(Cushman) Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research

Special Pub. 7, p. 140, pi. 19,. figs. 13-16, 1937.

This variety differs from the typical form, especially in 

the lobed character of the biserial portion, the sutures 

also being distinctly depressed and the number of chambers usually smaller in the biserial portion.

The varietal form has the earlier portion much more 

distinctly triserial and is followed by a sharply angled 

biserial portion. The final' chambers are. distinct and 

somewhat inflated. Its range is rather restricted in the 

basal Taylor marl and the upper part of the Austin chalk.

Taylor marl, lower part. Texas, Collin County (209, 210); Dallas

County (219, 222, 224, 227); Travis County (249). 

Austin age. 

Gober tongue of Austin chalk. Texas, Fannin County (275,

277-280); Lamar County (282-284, 287, 288). 

Austin chalk. Texas, Collin County (292, 293, 295); Hill

County (312); Bell County (315, 316).

Brownstown marl. Texas, Red River County (318, 319); 

 Lamar County (320, 321).

Pseudogaudryinella mollis (Cushman) Cushman

Plate 11, figure 1 

Gaudryinella mollis Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research

Contr., vol. 9, p. 53, pi. 6, figs. 6a-c, 1933. 

Pseudogaudryinella mollis (Cushman) Cushman, Cushman Lab.

Foram. Research Special Pub. 7, p. 140, pi. 19, fig. 17,

1937.

Test compressed, tapering, broadest toward the apertural end, earliest chambers triserial, later biserial, and 

in the adult with the final chamber terminal; chambers 

fairly distinct, increasing rather rapidly in height as 

added; sutures distinct, very slightly depressed; wall thin,
VERNEUILINIDAE 41

rather coarsely arenaceous but smoothly finished; aperture terminal, narrowly elliptical. Length 0.40 mm., 

breadth 0.20 mm., thickness 0.08 mm.

This peculiar species is known only from the type 

locality. The chambers are thin-walled and tend to 

collapse. The last-formed chambers, however, tend to 

become uniserial with a terminal aperture.

Austin chalk. Texas, Dallas County (311).

Pscudogaudryhiella colombiana Cushman and Hedberg

Plate 66, figures 3, 4

Pseiidogaudryinella colombiana Cushman and Hedberg, Cushman 

Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 17, p. 84, pi. 21, figs. 

9, 10, 1941.

Test elongate, earliest portion triserial, triangular, with 

subacute angles, later irregularly biserial, then uniserial 

in the adult; chambers distinct, later ones strongly inflated, circular in section; sutures of the triserial portion 

indistinct, later ones distinct and depressed; wall distinctly arenaceous, with much cement, smoothly finished; 

aperture large, terminal, circular. Length 0.85 to 1.25 

mm., diameter of adult portion 0.30 to 0.35 mm.

The types are from the lower zone of the Colon formation, Quebrada Mito Juan, Department of Santander del 

Norte, Colombia.

This species resembles P. capitosa (Cushman) Cushman but differs in the smaller size, more symmetrical 

triserial portion, and less acute angles. This seems to 

be a characteristic species of the lower zone of the Colon 

formation but occurs very sporadically.

Genus HETEROSTOMELLA Reuss, 1865 

Hctcrostomclln austiiiaiia Cushman

Plate 11, figures 2-7

Heterostomella austinana Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 9, p. 53, pi. 6, figs. 1-3, 1933; Cushman 

Lab. Foram. Research Special Pub. 7, p. 141, pi. 19, figs. 

18-20, 1937.

Test elongate, slightly tapering, the megalospheric form 

in front view with the greatest width toward the apertural end, the microspheric form somewhat more fusiform, the greatest width usually attained in about the 

middle of the test, earliest chambers triserial, later biserial, fairly, distinct, the angles of the chambers very 

thin, usually eroded, leaving large depressions in linear 

series; sutures rather indistinct; wall finely arenaceous, 

rather smoothly finished; aperture in the adult terminal, 

small, rounded, with a distinct neck. Length up to 1.00 

mm., breadth 0.30 to 0.40 mm., thickness 0.25 to 0.30 

mm.

.This is the oldest species of the genus. In sbme respects it is less specialized than the later ones. The 

axis of the test is straight, and the sides in the megalospheric form are nearly parallel for most of their length. 

The microspheric form is more tapering. The species is 

characterized also by large, linear depressions. It is 

characteristic of the upper portion of the Austin, but in 

our collections it occurs in a very few samples assigned 

to the basal part of the Taylor marl;

Taylor marl, lower part. Texas, Collin County (210); Dallas

County (217, 220, 227); McLennan County (238). 

Austin age. 

Burditt marl (of Adkins). Texas, Bell County (269); Travis

County (271). 

Gober tongue of Austin chalk. Texas, Fannin County (276-

280); Lamar County (287, 288). 

Austin chalk. Texas, Grayson County (291); Collin County

(292-295); Dallas County (307, 310); Hill County (313);

Bell County (315, 316).

Brownstown marl. Texas, Lamar County (320).

Ector tongue of Austin chalk. Texas, Grayson County (332).

Heterostomella boynensis Wickeiiden

Plate 11, figures 8, 9 

Heterostomella boynensis Wickenden, Royal Soc. Canada Trans.,

3d ser., vol. 26, sec. 4, p. 89, pi. 1, figs. 5a, b, 1932. 

Cushman, Cushman Lab. .Foram. Research Special Pub. 

7, p. 142, pi. 19, figs. 21, 22, 1937.

Test small, elongate, 2 to 2% times as long as broad, 

triangular throughout, the angles truncate but usually 

not distinctly fistulose, sides flattened or slightly concave; 

chambers indistinct, not inflated, early chambers triserial, 

later chambers biserial; sutures mostly indistinct, somewhat deflected backward, and often appearing as lighter 

lines against the darker background of the main body of 

the test; wall finely arenaceous, rather smoothly finished; 

aperture in the adult terminal, rounded, with a short 

neck. Length 0.45 mm., breadth 0.18 mm.

This is a small species known only from the" type 

locality.

Upper Cretaceous. Boyne beds, 1 mile east of Babcock, Manitoba, 

Canada.

Heterostomella americana Cushman

Plate 11, figures 10, 12-21

Heterostomella foveolata Cushman (not Marsson), Cushman 

Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 4, p. Ill, pi. 16, figs. 

9-12, 1928; Jour. Paleontology, vol. 6, p. 333, 1932. 

Heterostomella americana Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Special Pub. 6, p. 24; pi. 3, fig. 20, 1936; idem, 

' Special Pub. 7, p. 142, pi. 19, figs. 23, 24; pi. 20, figs.

1-3, 1937. 

Cole, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 16, p. 34 (list), pi. 3,

figs. 11, 12, 1938.

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 20, 

p. 3, pi. 1, figs. 11, 12, 1944.

Test in the microspheric form fusiform, rounded in 

transverse section; in the megalospheric form with the 

greatest breadth toward the apertural end, somewhat 

compressed; chambers largely obscured by the numerous 

longitudinal ridges of the surface; wall finely arenaceous 

but much roughened by the surface ridges; aperture 

terminal, usually without much development of a neck. 

Length 0.75 mm., diameter 0.35 mm.

This species was originally figured as Heterostomella 

foveolata Marsson, but, after a study of Marsson's types 

and a series of European specimens, our American species 

seems to be very distinct. The megalospheric and microspheric forms show great differences, the former tapering 

throughout and more compressed, whereas the microspheric form is much larger, stouter, expands much more 

rapidly, and in some large specimens becomes contracted 

toward the apertural end and distinctly fusiform. 

Through the connecting links the two forms have been 

found to belong to a single species, but the extremes of 

the microspheric and megalospheric forms are very different. The species, particularly in the microspheric 

form, develops numerous longitudinal ridges that give it 

a distinctive appearance from others of the genus. So 

far as seen, H. americana is confined to the Taylor marl 

and its equivalents of Texas and related areas, with the 

exception of a .few specimens from the Navarro that 

may not be identical.

Navarro age.

Corsicana marl. Texas, Bexar County (46). 

Prairie Bluff chalk. Alabama, Sumter County (101, 102). 

Ripley formation. Tennessee, McNairy County (94).
42 UPPER CRETACEOUS FORAMINIFERA OF GULF COASTAL REGION

Taylor age. 

Upper part of Taylor marl. Texas, Red River County (105-

109); Lamar County (110-112); Collin Co'unty (122);

Rockwall County (124); Kaufman County (125); Williamson County (140).

Anacacho limestone (upper part). Texas, Bexar County (164). 

Ozan formation. Arkansas, Little River County (254). 

Selma chalk of Pecan Gap chalk age. Alabama, Marengo

County (256). 

Pecan Gap chalk member of Taylor marl. Texas, Delta County

(165, 166); Hunt County (168); Collin County (169). 

Wolfe City sand member of Taylor marl. Texas, Collin County

(180, 181, 183);-Navarre County (188). 

Annona chalk. Texas, Bowie County (189, 190); Red River

County (193, 195-198). 

Lower part of Taylor marl. Texas, Collin County (209) :

Kaufman County (228, 229); Ellis County (234); Bell 

 County (245).

Heterostomella fovcolata (Marssoii) Cushmaii

Plate 11, figure 11 

Tritaxia joveolata Marsson, Naturwiss. Ver. Neu-Vorpommern u.

Riigen Mitt., Jahrg. 10, p. 161, pi. 3, figs. 30a-c, 1878. 

Franke, Greifswald Univ., Geol.-Palaeont. Inst., Abh., vol.

6, p. 19, pi. 2, fig. 3, 1925.

HeLerostomella foveolala Cushman, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 5, p. 

301, pi. 34, figs. 8a, b, 1931; Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Special Pub. 7, p. 148, pi. 20, figs. 17, 18, 20-22. 

1937.

Test somewhat wedge-shaped, with the greatest 

breadth toward the apertural end; chambers and sutures 

usually indistinct, largely obscured by the rough surface 

and the somewhat fistulose ridges, which follow the 

angles of the test, with another series on the middle portion of the broadest face of the test; wall finely arenaceous, with much cement, usually roughened slightly by 

erosion, and the whole surface very irregular, due to the 

fistulose ridges; aperture terminal, rounded, with a slight 

neck. Length up to 1.25 mm., diameter 0.50 mm.

The only typical specimens in the American Cretaceous 

in the large amounts of material examined are from 

the Saratoga chalk.

Navarro age. 

Saratoga chalk. Arkansas, Howard County (79). '

Heterostomella cuneata Sandidge

Plate 11. figures 22, 23 

Heterostomella cuneata Sandidge, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 6, p.

269, pi. 41, figs. 11, 15, 16, 1932.

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Special Pub. 7, 

p. 143, pi. 20, figs. 4, 5, 1937.

Test elongate, tapering, greatest breadth at or near the 

apertural end, slightly curved, sides somewhat concave 

or flattened, early portion in a triangular pyramid, later 

portion irregularly quadrilateral, apertural end somewhat'convex, the angles of the chamber each marked 

by a row of small fistulae; chambers of the early portion 

more or less indistinct,' triserial,' later biserial; sutures 

slightly depressed, mostly indistinct, those of the biserial 

portion rather strongly sloping toward the base at the 

sides; wall finely arenaceous, largely calcareous, the surface somewhat irregular; aperture in the adult termin'al, 

in the middle of the apertural face, with a distinct tubular neck. Length up to 0.50 mm., breadth 0.25 mm. '

The species seems to be limited to the Saratoga chalk 

of Arkansas and the Ripley formation and upper part of 

the Selma chalk of Alabama.

Navarro age.

Saratoga chalk. Arkansas, Hempstead County (80, 81). 

Selma chalk (upper part). Alabama, Marengo County (104).

Heterostomella cuneata Sandidge var. curvata Cushman

Plate 11, figure 24

Heterostomella cuneata Sandidge var. curvata Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 9, p. 54, pi. 6: 

figs. 4a, b, 1933; Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Special 

Pub. 7, p. 146, pi. 20, fig. 6, 1937.

Variety differing from the typical form in the more 

curved axis of the test, the sharper angles, and more 

depressed sides.

This variety may, be easily distinguished from the 

typical form when the two are seen together. The 

peculiar curved form of the test is characteristic of all 

the specimens from this particular horizon.

This variety is known only from horizons near the top 

of the Selma chalk at the type locality and from the 

Saratoga chalk of Arkansas..

Navarro age.

Saratoga chalk. Arkansas, Hempstead County (81). 

Selma chalk (upper part). Mississippi, Union County (92).

Heterostomella mexicana Cushman

Plate 11, figures 25, 26

Helerostomella mexicana Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Special Pub. 6, p. 24, pi. 3, figs. 23a, b, 1936; idem, 

Special Pub. 7, p. 146, pi. 20, figs. 7, 8, 1937.

Test elongate, distinctly tapering at the base, later 

parts very gradually tapering to the greatest breadth 

near the apertural end, which is somewhat contracted and 

rounded; triangular in transverse section, the angles 

usually not eroded; chambers of the early portion triserial, indistinct; later chambers biseriar, also in most 

specimens indistinct, and in some specimens slightly 

inflated; sutures indistinct throughout; wall rather 

coarsely arenaceous, smoothly finished; aperture in the 

adult terminal, rounded, with a short neck. Length 0.80 

to 1.05 mm., breadth 0.35 to 0.40 mm.

This species differs from others of the genus by the lack 

of the fistulose ridges and by the more distinctly triangular test. The biserial final stage and the terminal 

aperture with a distinct neck are very characteristic of 

this genus. 

Mendez shale.. Near Rancho Nuevo, Tamuin River, Mexico.

Family VALVULINIDAE

Genus ARENOBULIMINA Cushman, 1927

Areiiobulimina americana Cushmaii

Plate 12.- figure 1

Arenobulimina presli Cushman (not Reuss), Jour. Paleontology, 

vol. 5, p. 303, pi. 34, figs. 13a, b, 1931; idem, vol. 6, p. 

334, 1932.

Arenobulimina americana Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research. Special Pub. 6, p. 27, pi. 4, figs. 9a, b, 1936; idem. 

Special Pub. 8, p. 44, pi. 4, figs. 29, 30, 1937; idem, Contr., 

vol. 20, p. 4, pi. 1, fig. 13, 1944. . .

Test small,-short, and broad, apertural end truncate 

and somewhat concave, last-formed whorl making up 

almost the entire surface of the test; chambers fairly 

distinct, slightly inflated; usually 4 making up the adult 

whorl; sutures fairly distinct, very slightly depressed; 

wall finely arenaceous, rather-smoothly finished; aperture a small, loop-shaped -opening, at the base of the 

apertural face. Length up to 0.60 mm., diameter 0.50 

mm. .

This species is widely distributed in the Cretaceous of 

the Coastal Plain, ranging from the uppermost Austin 

chalk to the Saratoga chalk. It also occurs in the Upper 

Cretaceous of the Tampico Embayment region of Mexico. 

It is a very broad, short, stout species composed of comparatively few chambers, and it shows comparatively 

little variation in its long range.
VALVULINIDAE 43

Upper Cretaceous. Velasco and Mendez shales. Vera Cruz,

Mexico, well samples from Hacienda el Limon; and south

of Velasco, Haciendo el Limon. San Luis Potosi, Mexico,

km. 572.45 and 575.19 on San Luis Potosi-Tampico

Railroad; Tanintil cut, 1 km. south of Taninul; 5, 5.5,

and 6.5 kms. southeast of Guerrero; 6 kms. S. 35° W.

of Coco. 

Navarro age.

Prairie Bluff chalk. Alabama, Sumter County (102). 

Saratoga chalk. Arkansas, Howard County (79); Hempsteacl

County (80, 81).

Selma chalk (upper part). Alabama, Marengo County (104). 

Taylor age. 

Upper part of Taylor marl. Texas, Red River County (105,

107); Kaufman County (130). 

Pecan Cap chalk member of Taylor marl. Texas, Delta County

(165, 166); Hunt County (168); .Collin County (171, 172);

McLennan County (177). 

Wolfe City sand member of Taylor marl. Texas, Collin County

(181, 182); Navarro County (188). 

Annona chalk. Texas, Bowie County (190); Red River County

(195-197). 

Lower part of Taylor marl. Texas, Collin County (208) ;

Dallas Comity (216, 217, 224, 225, 227); Ellis County

(234).

Austin age. 

Gober tongue of Austin chalk. Texas, Fannin County (275);

Lanmr County (283, 284). 

Austin chalk. Texas, Collin County (295); Dallas County

(310). 

Selma chalk of upper Austin age. Alabama, Pickens County

(352). 

Brownstown marl. Texas, Lamar County (320).

Genus EGGERELLA Cushman, 1933 

Eggcrclln? trochoidcs (Rcuss) Cushimm

Plate 12, figure 2

Globigenna Lrochoides Reuss, Versteinerungen bb'hm. Kreide- 

' formation, pt. 1, p. 36, pi. 12, fig. 22, 1845; Haidinger's

Naturwiss. Abh., vol. 4, pt. 1, p. 37, pi. 3, fig. 5, 1851. 

Valvulina Irochoides Franke, Preuss. geol. Landesanstalt Abh., new

ser., vol. Ill, p. 162, pi. 15, figs. 2a-c, 1928. 

Buliminaf trochoides Cushman, Tennessee Div. Geology Bull.

41, p. 48, pi. 7, fig. 20, 1931. 

Eggerella? trochoides Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research

Special Pub. 8, p. 46, pi. 5, figs. 1, 2, 1937; idem, Contr.,

vol. 20, p. 4, pi. 1, fig. 14, 1944.

Test triserial, consisting of a conical early portion and 

an inflated later portion made up of the last 3 chambers 

in the adult; chambers of the early portion rather indistinct, last 3 greatly inflated and subglobular; sutures of 

the last portion distinct and depressed, early ones obscure; wall smooth; aperture an elongate slit at the base 

of the last-formed chamber. Length 0.35 mm., diameter 

0.30 to 0.35 mm.

This peculiar small species has a wide distribution in 

the Upper Cretaceous of Europe and America. It was 

described by Reuss as Globigerina but very evidently 

does not belong in that genus. It was placed in Valvulina by Franke, but the apertural features are not 

characteristic of that genus. I have previously placed 

it with a question as Bulimina, but again the apertural 

characters are not typical. It seems to be more like an 

Eygerella than any other genus. The early chambers 

seem to be more than three in a whorl and the adult 

seems to be distinctly triserial. The wall has an excess 

of cement but contains arenaceous fragments. Our 

American specimens seem to be identical with those of 

Europe.

The distribution of the species in America seems to be 

confined to the upper part of the Taylor marl and its 

equivalents. The few localities placed under the Navarro 

are mostly open to some question as to their exact age, 

whether basal part of the Navarro group or upper part of 

the Taylor marl.

Navarro age.

Saratoga chalk. Arkansas, Hempstead County (80). 

Ripley formation. Tennessee, McNairy County (94, 95); Henderson County (96).

Selma chalk (upper part). Alabama, Marengo County (104). 

Taylor age. 

Upper part of Taylor marl. Texas, Collin County (121); Hays

County (150); Guadalupe County (151); Bexar County

(153, 158). 

Pecan Gap chalk member of Taylor marl. Texas, Delta County

(165, 166). 

Selma chalk of Pecan Gap chalk age. Alabama, Marengo.

County (256).

Selma chalk (middle part). Mississippi, Alcorn County (257). 

Wolfe City sand member of Taylor marl. Texas, Collin County

(183); Navarro County (188). 

Annona chalk. Texas, Bowie County (189, 190); Red River

County (196). 

Lower part of Taylor marl. Texas, Delta County (206); Williamson County (246).

Genus MARSSONELLA Cushman, 1933 

Marssonella oxycona (Reuss) Cushman

Plate 12, figures 3-5 

Gaudryina oxycona Reuss, Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-naturwiss.

Kl., Sitzungsber., vol. 40, p. 229, pi. 12, fig. 3, 1860; idem,

vol. 46, pt. 1, 1862, p. 33 (1863). 

Karrer, K. k. geol. Reichsanstalt Jahrb., vol. 20, p. 166,

1870. 

Marsson, Naturw. Ver. Neu-Vorpommern u. Riigen Mitt.,

Jahrg. 10, p. 158, 1878. 

Schacko, Ver. Freunde Nat. Mecklenburg Archiv, vol. 50,

p. 156 (list), 1896. 

Egger, K. bayer. Akad. Wiss., Math.-naturh. Abt., Abh. Kl.

II, vol. 21, p. 38, pi. 4, figs. 1-3, 1899. . . 

Franke, Naturh. Ver. preuss. Rheinlande u. Westfalens

Verh., 69 Jahrg., vol. 59, 1912, p. 263 (1913); Greifswald

Univ., Geol.-palaeont. Inst., Abh., vol. 6, p. 15, pi. 1,

figs. 20a, b, 1925; Preuss. geol. Landesanstalt Abh., new

ser., vol. Ill, p. 143, pi. 13, figs. 8a, b, 1928. 

Storm, Lotos, vol. 77, p. 55 (list), 1929. 

Cushman and Church, California Acad. Sci. Proc., 4th ser.,

vol. 18, p. 501, pi. 36, figs. 3, 4, 1929. 

Cushman, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 5, p. 300, pi. 34, figs.

6a, b, 1931; idem, vol. 6, p. 332,' 1932. . Wickenden, idem, vol. 6, p. 205, pi. 29, figs. 3a, b, 1932. 

Sandidge, idem, vol. 6, p. 268, pi. 41A figs. 2, 3, 1932. 

Cushman and Jarvis, U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc., vol. 80, art.

14, p. 18. pi. 5, figs. 1, 2, 1932. 

Marssonella oxycona (Reuss) Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram.

Research Contr., vol. 9, p. 36, pi. 4, figs. 13a, b, 1933;

Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Special Pub. 4, pi. 12,

fig. 7, 1933; idem, Special Pub. 5, pi. 8, fig. 23, 1933; 

. idem, Special Pub. 8, p. 56, pi. 5, figs. 27-29; pi. 6, figs.

1-17, 1937. 

Jennings, Bull. Am. Paleontology, vol. 23, No. 78, p. 14,

pi. 1, fig. 11, 1936. 

Loetterle, Nebraska Geol. Survey Bull., 2d ser., Bull. 12,

p. 59, pi. 10, figs. 7a, b, 1937. 

Frizzell, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 17, p. 340, pi. 55, fig. 15,

1943.

Test conical, either gradually tapering or broadly 

flaring; earliest whorl with 4 or 5 chambers, later reduced 

to 3, then 2 in a whorl in the adult; rounded in transverse section; chambers distinct but not inflated, simple; 

sutures distinct, usually flush with the surface; wall 

coarsely or finely arenaceous, with larger quartz grains 

at the surface, smoothly finished or slightly roughened; 

aperture a broad, low opening at the inner margin of the 

last-formed chamber, often with a valvular, toothlike 

projection in the middle. Length up to 2.00 mm. or more, 

diameter 1.50 to 1.80 mm.

This species in its typical form is characteristic of the 

Upper Cretaceous of Europe and apparently also occurs 

in the Lower Cretaceous Gault. More than one species 

may be included in the large series of forms from EuroDean localities refered to this name. In the American 

Cretaceous very similar specimens are present but show
44 UPPER CRETACEOUS FORAMINIFERA OF GULF COASTAL REGION

some variation in the texture of the wall and in the 

smoothness of the exterior. Specimens that can be referred to this species range from, the Austin chalk to the 

Saratoga chalk and also, occur in the Cretaceous of 

California. Specimens from Upper Cretaceous beds in 

the pit at Lizard Springs, near Guayaguayare, southeastern Trinidad, may be referred doubtfully to this 

species.

Mal Paso shale. Northwestern Peru. 

Navesink marl. New Jersey. 

Mt. Laurel sand. New Jersey. 

Navarro age.

Prairie Bluff chalk. Alabama, Sumter County (101, 102). 

Saratoga chalk. Arkansas, Hempstead County (81); Howard

County (79). 

Taylor age.

Upper part of Taylor marl. Texas, Red River County (106) ; 

Travis County (145); Hays County (150); Guadalupe 

County (151); Bexar County (159). 

Pecan Gap chalk member of Taylor marl. Texas, McLennan

County (177). 

Annona chalk. Texas, Bowie County (189); Red River County

(196).

Lower part of Taylor marl. Texas, Dallas County (219, 220) : 

McLennan County (238-241); Falls County '(244); Bell 

County (245); Williamson County (246). 

Austin age. 

Gober tongue of Austin chalk. Texas, Fannin County (272.

275); Lamar County (285).

Austin chalk. Texas, Grayson County (291); Dallas County 

300, 301, 303, 305, 307); Hill County (314); Bell County 

(315, 316).

Middle part of Austin chalk. Texas, Dallas County (326). 

Ector tongue of Austin chalk, Texas, Grayson County (332)

Marssonella indentata (Cushmaii and Jarvis) Cushman

Plate 12, figures 6, 7 

Gaudryina indentata Cushman and Jarvis, Cushman Lab. Foram.

Research Contr., vol. 4, p. 92, pi. 13, fig. 7, 1928. 

Verneuilina conica White, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 2, p. 310, pi.

42, fig. 4, 1928. 

Marssonella indentata (Cushman and Jarvis) Cushman, Cushman

Lab. Foram. Research Special Pub. 8, p. 59, pi. 6, figs

21, 22, 1937.

Test somewhat elongate, conical, tapering from the 

rather acute initial end,, greatest breadth toward the 

apertural end, or in the adults apertural end somewhat 

contracted; circular in transverse section; earliest whorl 

with 4 or 5 chambers, later triserial, adult biserial; 

chambers numerous, distinct, the middle portion of each 

chamber indented and the sutures raised in rounded 

ridges; wall arenaceous but smoothly finished; aperture 

small, semicircular, at the base of the inner margin of 

the last-formed chamber. Length up to 1.25 mm., diameter 0.65 to 0.80 mm. '

The apertural end is distinctly truncate, with depressed 

faces, and the general characters of this species place it 

in the genus Marssonella. The younger stages show 4 

chambers in a whorl and .evidently White's species noted 

above, which is common in the Velasco shale of Mexico, 

represents the young of M. indentata.

This species was originally described as Gaudryina. 

It is known from the Upper Cretaceous of Lizard Springs, 

near Guayaguayare, southeastern Trinidad, and there are 

numerous records for it in the lower part of the Velasco 

formation and particularly' in the upper part of the 

Mendez shale of the Tampico Embayment region extending southwest beyond Guerrero and north along the 

San Luis Potosi-Tampico Railroad, Mexico.

Marssonella ellisorae Cushman

Plate 12, figures 8, 9

Marssonella ellisorae Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research 

Special Pub. 6, p. 44, pi. 4, figs, lla, b, 1936; idem, Special 

- Pub. 8, p. 60, pi. 6, figs. 19, 20, 1937.

Test elongate, slender, the earliest portion tapering, 

the later adult portion with the sides nearly parallel, 

rounded in transverse section, earliest whorls with 4 or 5 

chambers, later triserial, and the adult biserial; chambers distinct, very slightly inflated, of rather uniform 

shape and size in the adult; sutures distinct, slightly depressed; wall arenaceous, smoothly finished; aperture 

low, in a re-entrant of the inner margin of the last-formed 

chamber, wrych is truncate. Length 1.00 mm., diameter 

0.35 mm.

This is a rather distinct species that can be easily distinguished from the more broadly flaring Marssonella 

oxycona (Reuss) Cushman. It has been found only in 

the Pecan Gap chalk.

Taylor marl. Pecan Gap chalk member. Texas, Falls County 

(179).

Genus DOROTHIA Plummer, 1931 

Dorothia concinna (Reuss) Cushman

Plate 12, figures 10, 11

Textularia concinna Reuss, Versteinerungen bohmischen Kreideformation, pt. 2, p. 109, pi. 24, fig. 54, 1846; Akad. Wiss. 

Wien, Math.-naturwiss. Kl. Denkschr., vol. 7, p. 71, pi. 

26, figs. 6a, b, 1854; idem, Sitzungsber., vol. 40, p. 233, 

pi. 13, figs, la, b, 1860. 

Egger, Naturwiss. Ver. Regensburg Ber., voL 12, 1907-9,

p. 12, pi. 5, fig. 15 (1910).

Cushman and Jarvis, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research 

Contr., vol. 4, p. 91, pi. 13, fig. 1, 1928; U. S. Nat. Mus. 

Proc., vol. 80, art. 14, p. 15, pi. 4, figs. 1, 2, 1932. 

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 8,

p. 90, 1932.

Dorothia concinna (Reuss) Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. 

Research Special Pub. 8, p. 75, pi. 8, figs. 8-10, 1937.

Test elongate, slightly tapering in the megalospheric 

form, much more distinctly so in the microspheric, somewhat compressed; chambers distinct, inflated, fairly high 

for their breadth, increasing gradually in size as added; 

sutures distinct, depressed, those of the adult nearly 

horizontal or slightly inclined downward; wall arenaceous, of medium. coarseness, the surface somewhat 

roughened; aperture large, rounded, somewhat contracted 

at the base. Length up to 1.50 mm., diameter 0.45 to 

0.60 mm.

This species is fairly common in the Turonian of central 

Europe. There is considerable variation in the microspheric and megalospheric forms, as shown by a study of 

the original specimens named by Reuss. A few specimens in the American Cretaceous may be referred to this 

species, but they are probably not the same as the 

European species and the question must rest until material sufficient for full.comparison is available.

Upper Cretaceous. Pit at Lizard Springs, near Guayaguayare.

southeastern Trinidad; Calex C well, 116 feet, Lizard

Springs, Trinidad. 

Taylor marl, upper part. Texas, Williamson County (142).

Dorothia conula (Reuss) Cushman

Plate 12, figures 12-14

Textularia conulus Reuss, Verstein. bohm. Kreideformation, pt. 

1, p. 38, pi. 8, fig. 59, 1845; pi. 13, fig. 75, 1845; in Geinitz, 

Grundriss der Verstein., 1845-46, p. 680, pi. 24, fig. 73; 

Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-naturwiss. Kl., Denkschr., vol. 

7, p. 72, pi. 26, figs. 7a, b, 1854; idem, Sitzungsber., vol. 

40, p. 231, pi. 13, figs. 3a, b, 1860; Palaeontographica, 

vol. 20, pt. 2, 1872-75, p. 110 (1874).

Perner, K. bohm. Gesell. Wiss. Prag, Sitzungsber, p. 38, 

1893.
VALVULINIDAE 45

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Forara. Research Contr., vol.

8, p. 89, 1932.

Dorothici conula (Reuss) Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Special Pub. 8, p. 76, pi. 8, figs. 11-17, 1937.

Test short and stout, tapering, rounded in section or 

somewhat compressed, earliest whorl with 5 or 6 chambers, later becoming triserial, and in the adult stage 

biserial; chambers comparatively few in the adult, 

slightly inflated; sutures fairly distinct in the adult, 

slightly depressed, horizontal; wall finely arenaceous, 

smoothly finished; aperture on elongate and a low opening at the inner margin of the last-formed chamber. 

Length 0.60 to 0.95 mm., diameter 0.50 to 0.60 mm.

In Europe this species is characteristic of the Turonian 

of the Bohemian and Saxon Basins and occurs also in the 

lower Senonian. In Texas is occurs in the Annona chalk.

Taylor age. Annona chalk. Texas, Red River County (198).

Dorothia alexanderi Cushman

Plate 12, figure 15

Dorothia alexanderi Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research 

Special Pub. 6, p. 28, pi. 4, figs. 13a, b, 1936; idem, 

Special Pub. 8, p. 82, pi. 8, fig. 37, 1937; idem, Contr., 

vol. 20, p. 85, pi. 13, fig. 5, 1944.

Test elongate, distinctly tapering, somewhat compressed, particularly in the adult, earliest whorl with 4 or 

5 chambers, later triserial, and in the adult distinctly 

biserial with a lobular periphery; chambers of the earlier 

portion indistinct, later distinct and inflated, compressed 

in the adult; sutures of the later portion distinct, somewhat depressed, slightly oblique; wall coarsely arenaceous, rather roughly finished; aperture large, rounded. 

Length up to 1.00 mm., breadth 0.45 to 0.50 mm., thick 

ness 0.25 to 0.30 mm.

This species shows considerable variation in the shape 

and size of the later chambers, which in some specimens 

become very distinctly compressed and expanded, whereas in others they taper mpre. Large series of specimens 

seem to show that this is an original characteristic of the 

specimens and is not due to fossilization. This species 

occurs commonly in the upper Austin, and there is a 

single record from the Taylor marl.

Taylor marl, lower part. Texas, Williamson County (246). 

Austin age. , ' 

Burditt marl (of Adkins). Texas, Bell County (269); Travis

County (271). 

Gpber tongue of Austin chalk. Texas, Fannin County (276,

277, 280); Lamar County (283, 284, 288). 

Austin chalk. Texas, Collin County (292, 295); Dallas County

(301, 302, 306, 311); Hill County (313, 314); Bell County

(315, 316). 

Brownstown marl. Texas, Red River County (318); Lamar

County (320, 321).

Middle Austin chalk. Texas, Collin County (324). 

Selma chalk, lower part. Mississippi, Itawamba County (351).

Dorothia stephensoiii Cushman

Plate 12, figures 16, 17

Dorothia steph&nsoni Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research 

Special Pub. 6. p. 28, pi. ^ fig. 15, 1936; idem, Special 

Pub. 8, p. 82, pi. 8, figs. 31, 32, 1937; idem, Contr., vol. 20, 

p. 4, pi. 1, figs. 15, 16, 1944.

Test distinctly tapering, greatest breadth near the 

apertural end, rounded in transverse section, sides somewhat lobate, earliest whorl with 4 or 5 chambers, later 

triserial, and the adult biserial; earliest chambers rather 

indistinct, later chambers becoming slightly inflated 

toward the apertural end, somewhat overlapping; sutures 

distinct, particularly in the later portion, slightly depressed, nearly horizontal; wall finely arenaceous, 

smooth-ly finished; aperture a low opening at the inner 

margin of the last-formed chamber, sometimes with a 

slight lip. Length up to 1.00 mm., diameter 0.45 mm. 

This is a common species in the American Upper Cretaceous, particularly in the Taylor marl and upper part 

of the Austin chalk. It resembles Dorothia pupa 

(Reuss) Cushman but is usually somewhat twisted and 

continues throughout to have a tapering form. The 

later chambers become distinct and often inflated. The 

wall is very finely arenaceous and smoothly finished.

Navarro age.

Saratoga chalk. Arkansas, Howard County (79). 

Selma chalk (upper part). Alabama, Marengo County (104). 

Taylor age. 

Upper part of Taylor marl. Texas, Collin County (121);

Rockwall County (123); Navarro County (134); Bexar

County (152, 158).

Ozan formation. Arkansas, Little River County (254). 

Pecan Gap chalk member of Taylor marl. Texas, Delta County

(165, 166); Hunt County (168); Collin County (169);

McLennan County (177). 

Wolfe City sand member of Taylor marl. Texas, Collin County

(180); Navarro County (188). 

Annona chalk. Texas, Bowie County (189, 190); Red River

County (196-198). 

Lower part of Taylor marl. Texas, Collin County (208-210);

Dallas County (216, 217, 219, 224, 225, 227); Ellis County

(234); McLennan County (238, 239); Bell County (245);

Williamson County (246). 

Austin age. 

Gober tongue of Austin chalk. Texas. Fannin County (277,

279); Lamar County (282-284, 287, 288). 

Austin chalk. Texas, Grayson County (290, 291); Collin

County (292-294); Dallas County (303, 307-310); Hill

County (312, 313); Bell County (315, 316).

Dorothia glabrella Cushman

Plate 12, figures 18, 19

Dorothia glabrella Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research 

Contr., vol. 9, p. 56, pi. 6, figs. 9a-c, 1933; Cushman Lab. 

Foram. Research Special Pub. 8, p. 83, pi. 9, figs. 1, 2, 

1937.

Cushman and Deaderick, idem, Contr., vol. 18, p. 55, pi. 10, 

fig. 6, 1942.

Test in front view generally triangular, in side view 

somewhat tapering, with greatest breadth near the apertural end, and in end view roughly quadrangular; earliest 

portion with 4 or more chambers in a whorl, later triserial, 

and then regularly biserial; chambers increasing in size 

as added, later ones slightly inflated; wall finely arenaceous throughout in the early portion, tending to become 

almost entirely calcareous in the last-formed chambers; 

aperture an elongate low opening at the base of the inner 

margin of the last-formed chamber. Length 0.90 to 1.00 

mm., breadth 0.70 mm., thickness 0.40 mm.

This species seems to be characteristic of the Taylor 

marl and its equivalents. The one locality given for 

beds of Austin age has characteristic Taylor species and 

may possibly be of Taylor age.

Taylor age.

Upper part of Taylor marl. Texas, Red River County (106,

107); Hays County (150). 

Lower part of Taylor. marl. Texas, Collin County (209);

Ellis County (234); Williamson County (246). 

Selma chalk (middle part). Mississippi, Prentiss County (260). 

Austin age. 

Selma chalk of upper Austin age. Alabama, Warrior River

(353). 

Brownstown marl. Arkansas, Sevier County.
46 UPPER CRETACEOUS FORAMINIFERA OF GULF COASTAL REGION

Dorothia pontoni Cushman

Plate 12, figure 20

Dorothia pontoni , Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research 

Contr., vol. 9, p. 55, pi. 6, figs. 8a-c, 1933; Cushman Lab. 

Foram. Research Special Pub. 8, p. 83, pi. 9, fig. 3, 1937.

Test small, .early portion tapering, later broadly flaring, 

earliest stage with'more than three chambers to a whorl, 

then becoming triserial and later biserial, the triserial 

portion in a regular conical shape, biserial chambers 

rapidly enlarging as added; sutures distinct, those of the 

later portion strongly depressed; wall finely arenaceous, 

smoothly finished, the later chambers becoming almost 

entirely calcareous; aperture an arched opening at the 

base of the inner margin of the last-formed chamber. 

Length 0.40 mm., breadth 0.30 mm., thickness 0.22 mm.

So far as known, this species seems to be confined to 

the Selma chalk and the Ripley of Mississippi and 

Tennessee.

Navarro age. Ripley formation. Mississippi, Pontotoc County 

(90). Tennessee, McNairy County (94).

Taylor age. Selma chalk (middle part). Mississippi, Lee County 

(268).

Dorothia bulletta (Carsey) Plummer

Plate 12, figures 21-26 

Gaudryina bulletta Carsey, Texas Univ. Bull. 2612, p. 28, pi. 4,

fig. 4, 1926.

Dorothia bulletta Plummer, Texas Univ. Bull. 3101, p. 132, pi. 

8, figs. 13-17, 1931.

Sandidge, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 6, p. 271, pi. 41, figs. 9, 

10, 1932.

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Special Pub. 

4, pi. 12, figs. 8a, b, 1933; idem, Special Pub. 5, pi. 8. 

figs. lOa, b, 1933; Geol. Soc. America Bull., vol. 47, p 

416, pi. 11, figs. 2a, b, 1936; Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Special Pub. 8, p. 84, pi. 9, figs. 4-9, 1937.

Jennings, Bull. Am. Paleontology, vol. 23, No. 78, p. 14, 

pi. 1, fig. 12, 1936.

Loetterle, Nebraska Geol. Survey Bull., 2d ser., Bull. 12, p 

58,, pi. 10, figs. 6a, b, 1937.

Cushman and Hedberg, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research 

Contr., vol. 17, p. 85, pi. 21, fig. 12, 1941.

Cushman and Todd, idem, vol. 19, p. 53, pi. 9, fig. 10, 1943.

Cushman and Deaderick, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 18, p. 330, 

pi. 50, fig. 22, 1944.

Test generally cylindrical, the base somewhat tapering 

or rounded, sides nearly parallel for most of their length, 

transverse section rounded or slightly compressed; earliest whorl with 4 or 5 chambers, later triserial, and in the 

adult biserial; chambers distinct, very slightly inflated, 

increasing very little in size as added, somewhat overlapping; sutures distinct, slightly depressed in the adult 

portion; wall distinctly arenaceous, but with much 

cement and smoothly finished; aperture a low, broad 

opening at the inner margin of the last-formed chamber, 

often with a slight lip. Length up to nearly 1.00 mm., 

diameter 0.35 mm.

This species seems to be abundant in the Navarro and 

its equivalents, and specimens from the upper Taylor 

have been included with it here although it may be possible to separate the two when more is known of their 

development and distribution. The few records from 

the Austin chalk are from localities that seem open to 

question as to their Austin age. The species also occurs 

in material of Navarre age from the Canyons of Georges 

Bank, in the Atlantic Ocean.

Upper Cretaceous. Colon formation, Colombia. 

Navesink marl. New Jersey. 

Mt. Laurel sand. New Jersey."

Navarro age. _ 

Kemp clay. Texas, Navarro County (4); Williamson County

(11); Travis County (17); Guadalupe County (18, 20). 

Corsicana marl. Texas, Bowie County (23); Hunt County

(24); Navarro County (25-28); Limestone County (29-

31); Falls County (32); Travis County (34-36, 39-42);

Caldwell County (44).

Arkadelphia marl. Arkansas, Hempstead County (70, 72, 73). 

Prairie Bluff chalk. Mississippi, Chickasaw County (84-87).

Alabama, Wilcox County (100); Sumter County (101,

103).

Nacatoch sand. Arkansas, White County (76). 

Selma chalk (upper part). Alabama, Marengo County (104). 

Ripley formation. Mississippi, Pontotoc County (90). 

Taylor age. 

Upper part of Taylor marl. Texas, Red River County (105);

Lamar County (110); Delta County (114); Hunt County

(115); Collin County (121); Kaufman County (125, 129);

Leon County (138); Bexar County (158, 161). 

Marlbrook marl. Arkansas, Howard County; Hempstead

County. 

Selma chalk of Pecan Gap chalk age. Alabama, Marengo

.County (256).

Selma chalk (middle part). Mississippi, Lee County (266). 

Lower part of Taylor marl. Texas, Delta County (206); Ellis

County (231).

Lower part of Pierre shale. South Dakota and Nebraska. 

Austin age. 

Austin chalk. Texas, Grayson County (290); Hays County

(317). 

Selma chalk of upper Austin age. Alabama, Pickens County

(352); Warrior River (353).

Dorothia retusa (Cushman) Cushman ' Plate 13, figures 1-4 

Gaudryina retusa Cushman, Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists

Bull., vol. 10, p. 588, pi. 16, figs. 10a, b, 1926. 

White, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 2, p. 313, pi. 42, figs. 8, 9,

1928. 

Cushman and Jarvis, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research

Contr., vol. 4, p. 92, pi. 13, figs. 3, 4, 1928; U. S. Nat.

Mus. Proc., vol. 80, art. 14, p. 17, pi! 4, figs. 7T10, 1932. 

Vemeuilina sp. Cushman, Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull.*

vol. 10, p. 587, pi. 16, figs. 12a, b, 1926. 

Vemeuilina rotunda White, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 2, p. 310,

pi. 42, figs. 5a, b, 1928. 

Gaudryina trochoides White (not Marsson), idem, p. 314, pi.

42, figs, lla, b, 1928. 

Dorothia retusa (Cushman) Cushman. Cushman Lab. Foram.

Research Special Pub. 8, p. 85, pi. 8, figs. 33-36, 1937.

Test fairly large, stout, nearly circular in transverse 

section, earliest whorl with 4 or 5 chambers, later triserial, and in the adult-biserial; chambers distinct, somewhat inflated; sutures distinct, in the later portion 

slightly depressed; wall arenaceous, but smoothly 

finished; aperture comparatively small, low. Length up 

to 2.00 mm., diameter 1.25 mm.

There are many records for this species from the 

Velasco shale and upper part of the Mendez shale of the 

Tampico Embayment region northward to the region of 

the San Luis Potosi-Tampico Railroad, in Hacienda el 

Limon, Vera Cruz, Mexico, southward to the Rio 

Tamuin, and westward to the region of Guerrero and 

'Rancho Nuevo, San Luis Potosi, Mexico. There are also 

records for it from the vicinity of Lizard Springs, southeastern Trinidad.

Dorothia glabrata Cushman

Plate 13, figure 5

Dorothia glabrata Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research 

Contr.? vol. 9, p. 56, pi. 6, figs. lOa-c, 1933; Cushman Lab. 

Foram. Research Special Pub. 8, p. 85, pi. 9, fig. 15, 1937.

Test elongate, slightly tapering throughout, greatest 

width formed by the last 2 chambers, early stages with 4 

or more chambers to a whorl, later triserial, and the 

larger part of the test biserial; chambers of rather uni-
SILICINIDAE

form shape, increasing in size as added, and the last ones 

rather rapidly increasing in height; side view with the 

sides nearly parallel throughout the test, end view 

broadly elliptical or ovoid; sutures distinct, those of the 

later portion becoming more depressed; wall finely arenaceous, becoming more and more calcareous toward the 

apertural end, the last chambers of which may be almost 

entirely of calcareous cement; aperture a high semicircular opening at the base of the inner margin of 

the last-formed chamber. Length 0.75 to 0.90 mm., 

breadth 0.30 to 0.40 mm., thickness 0.20 to 0.25 mm.

The types of this species are from the Navarro group, 

in which it is abundant. It seems to be characteristic of 

the Corsicana marl. Somewhat similar specimens occur 

also in the upper Taylor.

Navarro age.

Corsicana marl. Texas, Travis County (34).

Prairie Bluff chalk. Alabama, Wilcox County (99).

Neylandville marl. Texas, Navarro County (69). 

Taylor marl, upper part. Texas, Hunt County (115).

Dorulhia cf. D. filiformis (Berthelin)

Dorotkia cf. filiformis Cushman and Hedberg, Cushman Lab. 

Foram. Research Contr., vol. 17, p. 85, pi. 21, fig. 11, 

1941.

Some rather poorly preserved specimens that resemble 

this species are recorded from the lower zone of the Colon 

formation, Department of Santander del Norte, Colombia. Most of the records for this species are from the 

Lower Cretaceous.

Genus PLECTINA Marsson, 1878 

Fleet in a waters! Cushman

Plate 13, figures 6-12

Plectina watersi Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., 

vol. 9, p. 57, pi. 7, figs, la-d, 1933; Cushman Lab. 

Foram Research Special Pub. 8, p. 107, pi. 11, figs. 19-21; 

pi. 12, figs. 1-4, 1937.

Cushman and Todd, idem, Contr., vol. 19, p. 53, pi. 9, fig. 

11, 1943.

Test elongate, in front view slightly tapering, in side 

view with the early portion broader than the later biserial 

portion and with the sides nearly parallel, in end view 

broadly oval; chambers with 4 in the earliest whorl, 

followed by a fairly long triserial stage, after which the 

remainder of the test is biserial; chambers fairly distinct, 

those of the adult biserial portion inflated, and as high 

as broad; sutures fairly distinct, those of the later portion 

strongly depressed; wall very finely arenaceous, smoothly 

finished; aperture of the adult an elongate elliptical 

opening in the terminal wall. Length 1.00 mm., breadth 

0.30 mm., thickness 0.20 mm.

This species is characteristic of the Navarro beds, 

particularly the upper part above the Nacatoch sand, 

when; it is often extremely abundant.

Navarro age.

Kemp clay. Texas, Williamson County (11); Travis County 

(13-16); Guadalupe County (18, 20, 21).

Cornicana marl. Texas, Navarro County (26, 27); Travis County (34-36)- Caldwell County (44).

Arkadelphia marl. Arkansas, Hempstead County (70, 72).

Owl Creek formation. Mississippi, Tippah County (83).

Prairie Bluff chalk. Mississippi, Chickasaw County (84-86). 

Alabama, Wilcox County (99); Sumter County (103).

Selma chalk (upper part). Mississippi, Prentiss County (91).

Nacatoch sand. Arkansas, White County (76); Lonoke County

< 77>- 

Ripley formation. Mississippi, Pontotoc County (90).

Genus GOESELLA Cushman, 1933 

Goesella rugulosa Cushman

Plate 13, figure 13

Goesella rugulosa Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research 

Contr., vol. 9, p. 55, pi. 6, figs. 7a-d, 1933; Cushman 

Lab. Foram. Research Special Pub. 8, p. Ill, pi. 12, 

fig. 28, 1937.

Test elongate, subcylindrical, early portion rapidly enlarging, later portion nearly cylindrical; chambers in the 

earliest whorl usually 4, later becoming triserial, in the 

adult loosely biserial, or in the last-formed chambers 

nearly uniserial; sutures fairly distinct, slightly depressed; wall arenaceous, the early portion smoothly 

finished, later uniserial portion somewhat rougher; aperture in the adult terminal, rounded, without a neck, 

Length 1.40 mm., diameter 0.40 mm.

'This species shows the stages from Eggerella through 

Dorothia and Plectina to the uniserial stage of Goesella. 

These stages in later forms are usually much reduced 

through acceleration, but in the Cretaceous forms the 

biserial stage is continued for a considerable period. 

The specimens from the Saratoga chalk earlier referred 

to Gaudryina chapmani Franke (Cushman, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 5, p. 299, pi. 34, figs. 3a, b, 1931) probably 

belong here. The type locality for this species was 

erroneously given, through an error in printing as from 

the lower Selma chalk % mile east of Mooreville, Lee 

County, Miss. It should have been recorded as from the 

Arkadelphia marl 7 miles north by west of Hope, Hempstead County, Ark.

Navarro age.

Kemp clay. Texas, Guadalupe County (21). 

Arkadelphia marl. Arkansas, Hempstead County (70, 72, 73). 

Prairie Bluff chalk. Mississippi, Chickasaw County (87).

Alabama, Sumter County (102). 

Saratoga chalk. Arkansas, Howard County (79). 

Neylandville marl. Texas, Hunt County (55).

Family SILICINIDAE

Genus RZEHAKINA Cushman, 1927

Rzchakiiia epigona (Rzehak) Cushman var. lata

Cushman and Jarvis

Plate 14, figures 1-3 

Rzehakina epigona (Rzehak) Cushman var. lata Cushman and

Jarvis, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 4,

p. 93, pi. 13, figs, lla, b, 1928; U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc.,

vol. 80, art. 14, p. 20, pi. 6, figs, la, b, 1932. 

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Special Pub. 5,

pi. 13, fig. 19, 1933.

Renz, 8th Am. Sci. Congress Proc., pp. 528, 529 (lists), 1942. 

Rzehakina epigona (Rzehak) Cushman, Jour. Paleontology, vol.

1, p. 150, pi. 23, fig. 4, 1927. 

White, idem, vol. 2, p. 186, pi. 27, fig. 6, 1928. 

Jarvis, Inst. Petroleum Technologists Jour., vol. 15, p. 440,

1929. 

Macfadyen, Discovery Repts., vol. 7, p. 7, text figs, a, b,

1933.

Test differing from the typical form in the broader, 

nearly circular form and the much more prominent appearance of the last coil, which forms almost a rounded 

carina about the periphery. The wall is siliceous and 

entirely unaffected by strong acid.

The variety is common in the Upper Cretaceous at the 

Pit at Lizard Springs, near Guayaguayare, southeastern 

Trinidad, and at San Fernando, Trinidad. It is less 

common in the Velasco shale of the Tampico Embayment region of Mexico. A few specimens from the 

Taylor marl seem to be the same. Macfayden records 

this variety also in the Cretaceous dredgings from Burdwood Bank, south of the Falkland Islands.

Taylor marl, lower part. Texas, Delta County (206).
48 UPPER CRETACEOUS FORAMINIFERA OF GULF COASTAL REGION

Genus MILIAMMINA Heron-Alien and Earland, 1930 

Miliammina inariitobensis Wickenden

Plate 14, figures 4-6

Miliammina manitobensis Wickenden, Royal Soc. Canada Trans., 

3d ser., vol. 26, sec. 4, p. 90, pi. 1, figs, lla-c, 1932.

Test somewhat elliptical, slightly compressed; chambers distinct, in a quinqueloculine arrangement; sutures fairly distinct, 

depressed; walls arenaceous, smooth, of fine-grained material with 

much siliceous cement; aperture a simple opening at the end of a 

slight neck on the last-formed chamber; colour white.

Length about 0.38 mm., width about 0.22 mm.

This species is known as -yet only from the Upper Cretaceous Ashville beds of Manitoba, Canada. Our figured 

specimens are paratypes received from Doctor Wickenden.

Lower Benton, Ashville beds. -Near east end of Thunder Hill; 

on Roaring River; and on Vermillion River; all three 

localities in Manitoba, Canada.

Family MIIIOLIDAE

Genus QUINQUELOCULINA D'Orfcigny, 1826 

Quinqueloculina antiqua Franke var. angusta Franke

Plate 14, figures 8-11 

Miliolina (Quinqueloculina) antiqua Franke var. angusta Franke,

Preuss. geol. Landesanstalt Abh., new ser., vol. Ill, p.

127, pi. 11, fig. 25, 1928. 

Quinqueloculina antiqua Franke var. angusta Cushman, Tennessee

Div. Geology Bull. 41, p. 23, pi. 2, fig. 5, 1931. 

Cushman and Todd. Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr.,

vol. 19, p. 53, 1943. 

Quinqueloculina coonensis W. Berry, in Berry and Kelley, U. S.

Nat. Mus. Proc., vol. 76, art. 19, p. 17, pi. 2, figs. 8, 9

[by error for 11, 12], 1929.

Test about twice as long as broad; chambers distinct, 

rounded, the apertural end projecting; sutures distinct, 

slightly depressed; wall smooth; aperture rounded, 

terminal. Length 0.40 to 0.60 mm., breadth 0.20 to 0.30 

mm., thickness 0.10 mm.

The originals of this variety were described by Franke 

from the Cretaceous of Germany. Figures (plate 14, 

figures 8a-c) drawn at Arnstadt from a specimen in the 

Franke collection are given here for comparison with 

American specimens. The type of "Quinqueloculina 

coonensis W. Berry" has been redrawn in Washington 

and is reproduced here. The figures of "Q. coonensis" 

and "Q. seminulum" were evidently interchanged on the 

plate as noted in the reference above.

Specimens that may be referred to this variety occur in 

the Upper Cretaceous of the Coastal Plain of the United 

States and Mexico. They are usually not common and 

seldom well preserved.

Navarro age.

Corsicana marl. Texas, Travis County (36); Caldwell County 

(44).

Prairie Bluff chalk. Alabama, Sumter County (103).

Ripley formation. Tennessee, McNairy County (94, 97). 

Taylor age.

Upper part of Taylor marl. Texas. Hays County (150).

Ozan formation. Arkansas, Little River County( 254).

Quinqueloculina sp.

Plate 14, figures 12, 13 

Quinqueloculina rotunda Carsey (not Roemer), Texas Univ. Bull.

2612, p. 50, pi. 1, figs. 3a, b, 1926. 

Plummer, idem, Bull. 3101, p. 112, 1931.

In her work on the "Foraminifera of the Cretaceous of 

Central Texas" noted above, Mrs. Carsey described a 

short, broad specimen under the name Quinqueloculina 

rotunda. This name had already been used by Roemer 

and is, therefore, not available. Her specimen was from 

the Navarro on Onion Creek, Travis County, Tex. 

Mrs. Plummer has noted that the type -has been lost and

that "inquiry has revealed that the specimen figured was 

a pyrite cast." Mrs. Carsey also states '"It is possible 

that the specimen studied was reworked, the shell was 

destroyed, and a calcite cast left which gives the clear 

or. hyaline appearance." As the identification of this 

form is so uncertain and the name preoccupied, it has 

been thought best not to attempt to give this peculiar 

Navarro form a distinct name. A short, broad form 

similar to that figured by Mrs. Carsey occurs in Mexico 

and also at a few localities in the Coastal Plain, as noted 

below. The species is usually represented by clear internal casts, such as that noted in Mrs. Carsey's paper, 

and it is very likely that it is the same as the form that 

she had. This short, broad, quinqueloculine form may 

possibly be the quinqueloculine stage of the species later 

noted as Triloculina cvrcularis Bornemann.

Upper Cretaceous. Velasco shale. Shallow well samples,

Hacienda el Limon, Vera Cruz, Mexico. 

Navarro age. 

Kemp clay. Texas, Travis County (17); Guadalupe County

. <20>-- 

Corsicana marl. Texas, Limestone County (29). 

Selma chalk (upper p*art). Alabama, Marengo County (104).

Quinqueloculina moremaiii Cushman

Plate 14, figure 7

Quinqueloculina moremani Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 13, p. 100, pi. 15, fig. 1, 1937.

Quinqueloculina stelligera Morernan (not Schlumberger), Jour. 

Paleontology, vol. 1, p. 100, pi. 16, figs. 11, 12, 1927.

Test somewhat longer than broad, 'elongate, oval, with 

the apertural end distinctly projecting into a rounded 

tubular neck, angles of the chambers strongly developed, 

projecting, sides flattened or slightly, concave; chambers 

distinct, quinqueloculine throughout, the last-formed 

chamber overlapping strongly at'the base and very slightly expanded; sutures distinct, very slightly if at all depressed; wall fairly smooth, matte; aperture generally 

rounded, the inner side somewhat flattened, occasionally 

with traces of a small tooth. Length 0.50 mm., diameter 

0.25 to 0.28 mm.

The- types are from the Eagle Ford shale, about 175 

feet below the Metoicoceras whitei zone, 3 miles west of 

Midlothian, Ellis County, Tex.

In the reference cited above, Moreman records this 

species from the Eagle Ford shale 6 miles northwest of 

Irving at an exposure near the Irving-Coppel road, Texas, 

representing a zone below the middle of the Eagle Ford, 

making it range downward to some distance below that 

of the type locality in the Eagle Ford.

The specimens from the Eagle Ford are much better 

preserved than those recorded from higher up in the 

section of the Upper Cretaceous. In some respects, this 

species resembles the Recent Q. stelligera Schlumberger 

but is never so sharply carinate as that species. As far 

as seen, it is a very good marker for the Eagle Ford.

Eagle Ford shale. Texas, Dallas County (358, 359); Ellis County 

(364).

Genus MASSILINA Schlumberger, 1893 

Massilina texasensis Cushman

Plate 14, figures 14, 15 

Massilina texasensis Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research

Contr., vol. 13, p. 100, pi. 15, figs. 2, 3, 1937. 

Cushman and-Hedberg, idem, p. 85, pi. 21, fig. 13, 1941.

.Test in the adult slightly longer than broad, very much 

compressed, oval or broadly elliptical, the earliest portion 

Quinqueloculine, periphery squarely truncate; chambers 

distinct, quadrangular in section, increasing slightly in
TROCHAMMINIDAE 49

width as added, the periphery slightly raised, sutures 

distinct, depressed; wall smooth, matte; aperture terminal, without a distinct neck, rounded, without a distinct 

tooth. Length 0.40 to 0.50 mm., breadth 0.30 to 0.35 

mm., thickness 0.08 mm.

The'types are from the Navarro group, Kemp clay, 

% mile west of old Garfield, Travis County, Tex., in a 

well at a depth of 65-73 feet.

The species occurs only in the Kemp clay, so far as 

known. The specimens are usually rather well preserved 

but rather rare. It differs from M. ginginensis Chapman, 

the only other described Cretaceous species, in the much 

flatter test, and in having a larger number of narrower 

chambers.

Upper Cretaceous. Colon formation, upper part. Department

of Santander del Norte, Colombia. 

Navarro group, Kemp clay. Texas, Travis County (13, 17).

Mussilina sp.

Plate 14, figures 16-18

Massilina sp. Cushman and Todd, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research 

 Contr., vol. 19, p. 54, pi. 9, fig. 12, 1943.

In the Navarro clays found in the section of the bluff 

on Onion Creek 2% miles west of old Garfield, Travis 

County, Tex., there are occasional specimens of a Massilina. These are mostly represented by pyritized internal casts, but occasionally a portion of the original 

test is present. These specimens are not well enough 

preserved to warrant a specific determination. Specimens in our collections, from various parts of this section, 

show that this species persisted for some time.

It may be. that these casts represent the same species 

as that we have here called Massilina texasensis, but none 

of the specimens show enough of the exterior to permit 

comparison and apparently are rather definitely rounded 

in transverse section, whereas M. texasensis is decidedly 

angular.

Another indeterminate form of Massilina occurs in the 

lower part of the Austin chalk and is here figured.

Navarro group, Corsicana marl. Texas, Travis County (35, 36,

38-41). 

Austin chalk, basal part. Texas, Dallas County (339).

Genus SPIROLOCULINA D'OrWgny, 1826 

Spiroloculina cretacea Reuss

Plate 14, figures 19-23 

Spiroloculina cretacea Reuss, Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-naturwiss.

Kl., Denkschr., vol. 7, pt. 1, p. 72, pi. 26, fig. 9, 1854. 

?Egger, K. bayer. Akad. Wiss., Math.-naturh. Abt., Abh.,

Kl. 2, vol. 21, p. 21, pi. 1, figs. 22-24, 1899; Naturwiss.

Ver. Passau Ber., p. 17, pi. 5, fig. 9, 1907. 

Franke, Naturh. Ver. preuss. Rheinlande u. Westfalens

Verh., 69 Jahrg., vol. 59, 1912, p. 261 (1913); Greifswald

Univ., Geol.-palaeont. Inst., Abh., vol. 6, p. 9, pi. 1, fig.

9, 1925; Preuss. geol. Landesanstalt Abh., new ser., vol.

Ill, p. 127, pi. 11, fig. 27, 1928. 

W. Berry and Kelley, U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc., vol. 76, art.

19, p. 16, pi. 2, fig. 6, 1929.

Cushman, Tennessee Div. Geology Bull. 41, p. 24, 1931. 

Cushman and Deaderick, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research

Contr., vol. 18, p. 55, pi. 10, fig. 7, 1942. 

Cushman and Todd, idem, Special Pub. 11, p. 3, pi. 2, figs.

1-4, 1944. 

Spiroloculina simplex Albritton and Phleger (not Grzybowski),

Jour. Paleontology, vol. 11, p. 350, 1937.

Test broadly elliptical, usually slightly longer than 

broad, much compressed, the periphery squarely truncate 

or even slightly concave; chambers distinct, rather uniformly increasing in size as added, the central portion of 

each distinctly excavated and the peripheral angles 

slightly keeled; sutures distinct, often appearing slightly 

limbate; wall smooth, polished; aperture small, rounded, 

at the end of a projecting neck, without a tooth so far 

as seen. Length 0.30 to 0.36 mm., diameter 0.12 to 0.22 

mm., thickness 0.05 mm.

Reuss described this species from the Cretaceous of 

central Europe. I have examined specimens in Europe 

from the Emscher and lower Senonian. The upper 

Senonian form of Europe, with very high, raised edges, 

seems to be quite different and is probably represented 

by the rather poor figures given by Egger in 1899 and 

noted above with some question. The specimen recorded 

and figured by Berry and Kelley from the Coon Creek 

of Tennessee was very poorly drawn, their figure showing 

but 4 coils where the specimen itself shows 7 very distinctly. The typical specimens that are here figured 

(figs. 19, 20) occur in the Taylor marl in the clay pit at 

Palmer, Ellis County, Tex. (231).

Considerable variation is shown, as will be noted in our 

figures, particularly in the relative length and breadth 

of the'test and the relative breadth of the last-formed 

chambers. The presence or absence of a keel is also a 

variable feature, some specimens being decidedly rounded 

at the periphery whereas others show a distinct but narrow keel.

Taylor marl.

Upper part. Texas, Rockwall County (123); Bexar County 

(158).

Lower part. Texas, Ellis County (233); Travis County (247). 

Austin age. Brownstown marl. Arkansas, Sevier County.

Spiroloculina sp.

Plate 14, figures 24, 25

The peculiar specimens figured are not well preserved 

but seem to indicate a species different from any of those 

previously noted. They may even belong to the genus 

Massilina. A record of these is given for future reference.

Taylor marl, upper part. Texas, Bexar County (158).

Genus TRILOCULINA D'Orbigny, 1826 

Triloculina circularis Bornemann

Plate 14, figures 26, 27 

Triloculina circularis Bornemann, Deutsche geol. Gesell. Zeitschr.,

vol. 7, p. 349, pi. 19, fig. 4, 1855. 

Cushman, Tennessee Div. Geology Bull. 41, p. 23, pi. 2,

fig. 5, 1931.

Quinqueloculina wadei W. Berry, in Berry and Kelley, U. S. Nat. 

Mus. Proc., vol. 76, art. 19, p. 17, pi. 2, figs. 3, 4, 1929.

A few specimens "from the Ripley formation on Coon 

Creek, Tenn., seem to be identical with Bornemann's 

species. This form was named "Quinqueloculina wadei" 

by Berry, but the figures were very inaccurate although 

the type specimen, which is here refigured, is very well 

preserved. As usual in this species, the early stages are 

quinqueloculine.

Navarro age. Ripley formation. Tennessee, McNairy County 

(97).

Family TROCHAMMINIDAE

Genus TROCHAMMINA Parker and Jones, 1859

Trochammina diagonis (Carsey) Cushman and Waters

Plate 15, figures 1-3

Haplophragmoides diagonis Carsey, Texas Univ. Bull. 2612, p. 

22, pi. 3, fig. 1, 1926.
50 UPPER CRETACEOUS FORAMINIFERA OF GULF COASTAL REGION

Trochammina diacjonis (Carsey) Cushman and Waters, Cushman 

Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 2, pt. 4, p. 84, pi. 10, 

figs. 7a, c, 1927.

Cushman, Royal Soc. Canada Trans., 3d ser., vol. 21, sec 

4, p. 132, 1927; Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Special 

Pub. 5, pi. 18, figs. 2a-c, 1933.

Plummer, Texas Univ. Bull. 3101, p. 140, 1931.

Cushman and Deaderick, Cushman Lab. Foram Research 

Contr., vol. 18, p. 55, pi. 10, figs. 8, 9, 1942; Jour. Paleontology, vol. 18; p. 331, pi. 50, fig. 23, 1944.

Cushman and Todd, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., 

vol. 19, p. 54, pi. 9, fig. 13, 1943.

Test trochoid, somewhat compressed, periphery lobulated; chambers distinct, 6 or 7 in the last-formed coil, 

increasing rather uniformly in size as added, the general 

shape being rather constant; sutures distinct, depressed, 

on the dorsal side slightly curved, on the ventral side 

nearly radial; wall arenaceous, with much cement; aperture a narrow opening on the ventral side at the inner 

margin of the last-formed chamber. Diameter 0.65 to 

0.80 mm.

This species was originally-described from the Upper 

Cretaceous Navarro group of Texas. It is very common 

in the Navarro at many localities. A few specimens 

from the Taylor and Austin have a similar form and are 

included here. The species, like others of the Upper 

Cretaceous, is easily .distorted in fossilization, and -wellpreserved specimens are relatively rare. The form referred to this species by Galloway and Morrey (Jour. 

Paleontology, vol. 5, p. 332, pi. 37, fig. 4,-1931) from 

Tabasco, Mexico, is probably not the same.

Navarro age.

Kemp clay. Texas, Navarro County (4).

Corsicana marl. Texas, Navarro County (27); Travis County 

(34).

Owl Creek formation. Mississippi, Tippah County (83).

Saratoga chalk. Arkansas, Clark County (78).

Neylandville marl. Texas, Red River County (50). 

Taylor age.

Selma chalk (middle part). Mississippi, Lee County (263).

Marlbrook marl. Arkansas, Howard County. 

Austin age. Brownstown marl. Arkansas, Sevier County.

Trochammina texaiia Cushman and Waters

Plate 15, figures 4, 5

Trochammina texana Cushman and Waters, Cushman Lab. 

Foram. Research Contr., vol. 2, pt. 4, p. 85, pi. 11, figs. 

8a-c, 1927. 

Cushman and Todd,-idem, vol. 19, p. 54, pi. 9, fig. 14, 1943.

TesU trochoid, much compressed, planoconvex, dorsal 

side flat or e,ven slightly.concave; ventral side slightly 

convex, umbilicate; chambers fairly distinct, 6 in the 

last-formed coil, the later chambers more distinct, the 

earlier much less so; the borders of the last chambers 

raised on the dorsal side, the central portion of each 

concave, on the ventral side the greatest thickness near 

the umbilical angle of each chamber; sutures on the 

dorsal side indistinct except between the - last 2 or 3 

chambers, on the ventral side distinct and depressed; 

wall very finely arenaceous, smoothly finished. Diameter 0.55 mm.

The types of this species are from the upper beds of 

Navarro age, where the species is very common. It has 

fewer chambers than Trochammina diagonis (Carsey) 

Cushman and Waters, and the periphery is less tabulated. 

The wall, particularly of the dorsal side, is thin and 

easily collapsed.

Navarro age.

Kemp clay. Texas, Navarro County (4, 5). 

Corsicana marl. Texas, Hunt County (24); Navarro County 

(27); Travis County (35); Caldwell County (44); Limestone County (30). ;

Saratoga chalk. Arkansas, Clark County (78). 

Neylandville marl. Texas, Red River County (50).

Trochammina gyroides Cushman and Waters

Plate 15, figure 6

Trochammina gyroides Cushman and Waters, Cushman Lab. 

Foram. Research Contr., vol. 2, pt. 4, p. 84, pi. 10, figs. 

8a, b, 1927. -

Test trochoid, thick, dorsal side flattened, ventral side 

strongly convex, periphery subacute, chambers distinct, 

usually 6 in the last-formed coil; sutures less distinct on 

the dorsal side, where they are very slightly depressed 

and gently curved, on the ventral side deeply depressed 

and radial; wall arenaceous, with much cement, smoothly 

finished; aperture ventral, narrow. Diameter 0.65 mm.

This species is much thicker than either T, diagonis 

(Carsey) Cushman and Waters or T. texana Cushman 

and Waters. It is much less common than either, of the 

others already noted. It is apparently a good marker 

for the upper beds of Navarro age.

The types are from the Navarro group east of Richland, Navarro County, Tex.

Navarro age.

Corsicana marl. Texas, Caldwell County (44). 

Arkadelphia marl. Arkansas,' Hempstead County (70, 72).

Trochammina albertensis Wickenden

Plate 15, figure 7

Trochammina albertensis Wickenden, Royal Soc. Canada Trans., 

3d ser., vol. 26, sec. 4, p. 90, pi. 1, figs. 9a-c, 1932.

Test free, trochoid, nearly circular in dorsal view, conical in 

peripheral view; chambers distinct, decidedly flattened, five in 

the last-formed coil; sutures distinct, not depressed, slightly 

curved; walls of fine, arenaceous material with much yellowish 

cement; aperture elongate, ventral; colour white to yellow.

Diameter 0.25 to 0.30 mm., height about 0.13 to 

0.20 mm.

The type figures of this species are somewhat obscure. 

The specimen figured here is a paratype received from 

Dr. Wickenden and is somewhat higher than the type. 

The sutures are very distinct.

Bearpaw formation. West bank of Oldman River ^ mile north

, of main highway running west of Lethbridge; SE1^ Sec.

11, T. 9, R. 22 W. of 4th meridian; St. Marys River

north of Lundbreck; 6 miles east of Manyberries, Alberta,

Canada.

Trochammina ribstonensis Wickenden

Plate 15, figure 9

Trochammina ribstonensis Wickenden, Royal Soc. Canada Trans., 

3d ser., vol. 26, sec. 4, p. 90, pi. 1, figs. 12a-c, 1932.

Test very small, trochoid, umbilical area open, periphery subangular; chambers subglobular, 6 to 9 in the lastformed whorl; sutures slightly curved, both on the dorsal 

and ventral sides; wall finely arenaceous, rather smoothly 

finished; aperture a low arch on the inner margin of the 

ventral side of the last-formed chamber. Diameter 0.20 

to 0.275 mm., height 0.05 mm.

This species at present is known only from the Upper 

Cretaceous of Alberta, Canada. Our figured specimen 

is a paratype received from Dr. Wickenden and has more 

chambers in a whorl than shown in his type figure and 

description.

Upper Cretaceous. Lee Park formation (?). Imperial Ribstone 

. well No. 1, at a depth of 680-720 feet, Alberta, Canada.
LAGENIDAE 51

Trochammina taylorana Cushman

Plate 15,- figure 13

Trochammina Laylorana Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 13, p. 101, pi. 15, fig. 4, 1937.

Test small, compressed, periphery acute, tabulate, the 

last whorl somewhat open on both dorsal and ventral 

sides; chambers distinct, slightly inflated, 5 or 6 in the 

last-formed whorl, increasing rapidly in size as added; 

sutures distinct, slightly depressed, very slightly curved, 

nearly radial; wall distinctly arenaceous, of rather uniform sand grains with a few larger ones, firmly cemented; 

aperture ventral, at the inner margin of the last-formed 

chamber. Length 0.30 mm., breadth 0.25 mm., thickness 

0.075 mm.

The types of this species are from the Taylor marl- 

(lower part) 2.3 miles by road north of Palmer, Ellis 

County, Tex., (233).

This is a distinct, very compressed, scalelike species 

that occurs in considerable numbers at this locality but 

that has not been found as yet elsewhere. This species 

differs from T. diagonis (Carsey) Cushman and Waters 

in the smaller size, flatter test, and more evolute ventral 

side.

Trochammina trinitatensis Cushmaii and Jarvis

Plate 15, figure 12

Trochammina trinitatensis Cushman and Jarvis, Cushman Lab. 

Foram. Research Contr., vol. 4, p. 95, pi. 13, figs. 13a-c, 

1928; U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc., vol. 80, art. 14, p. 21, pi. 

6, figs. 6a-c, 1932.

Test nearly circular in dorsal view, biconvex in peripheral view, trochoid, somewhat keeled, slightly umbilicate 

on the ventral side; chambers numerous, 12 or more in 

the final whorl, not very distinct except for the slight 

collapse of the wall; central portion of the dorsal side 

showing the spiral suture slightly depressed; the sutures 

of the ventral side nearly radial, slightly curved, depressed; wall arenaceous, with numerous, angular fragments and much cement; aperture elongate, ventral, at 

the base of the chamber. Diameter 0.40 mm., thickness 

0.20 mm.

This is a peculiar species, appearing at first somewhat 

like an Anomalina, but the test is arenaceous and easily 

collapsed. Specimens have been found only at the type 

locality.

Upper Cretaceous. Pit at Lizard Springs, near Guayaguayare, 

southeastern 'Trinidad.

Trochammina globigeriniformis (Parker and Jones) Cushman

Plate 15, figures 8, 10, 11

Lituola. globigeriniformis Parker and Jones, Philosophical Trans., 

vol. 155, p. 407, pi. 15, figs. 46, 47; pi. 17, figs. 96-98(7), 

1865. 

Haplophragmium globigeriniforme Carpenter, The microscope and

its revelations, ed. 6, p. 561, text figs. 320a, b; 1881. 

Trochammina globigeriniformis Cushman, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull.

71, pt. 1, p. 124, text figs. 193-195, 1910. 

Cushman and Jarvis, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research 

Contr., vol. 4, p. 95, pi. 13, figs. 12a, b, 1928; U. S. Nat. 

Mus. Proc., vol. 80, art. 14, p. 21, pi. 6, figs. 2-5, 1932. 

Renz, 8th Am. Sci. Congress Proc., pp. 528, 529 (lists), 1942. 

Frizzell, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 17. p. 340, pi. 55, fig. 16, 

1943.

Numerous specimens in the Upper Cretaceous of Trinidad seem to belong to this species. Most of the specimens are crushed in fossilization, but a few of them 

retain their original form.

Upper Cretaceous. Pit at Lizard Springs, near Guayaguayare, 

southeastern Trinidad.

Hobson clay. San Fernando, Trinidad. 

Mal Paso shale. Northwestern Peru.

Trochammina sp.

Plate 15, figure 14

The figured specimen represents a very coarse rounded 

species found only in the material from the Ripley formation, Dave Week's place on Coon Creek, McNairy 

County, Tenn. (97). It is figured here for future reference.

Family ORBITOLINIDAE

Genus POLYPHRAGMA Reuss, 1871

Polyphragma sp.

Plate 15, figures 15, 16

Occasionally in the Upper Cretaceous of the Gulf 

Coastal Plain are found elongate cylindrical Foraminifera that are not complete but very strongly suggest the 

genus Polyphragma as described and figured by Reuss. 

Figures of some of these are given, the best examples 

coming from the Austin chalk. Somewhat similar specimens are found higher in the section.

Navarro age. Saratoga chalk. Arkansas, Hempstead County

(80). 

Taylor age.

Upper part of Taylor marl. Texas, Travis County (145).

Ozan formation. Arkansas, Sevier County (253). 

Austin age.

Burditt marl (of Adkins). Texas, Bell County (269).

Austin chalk. Texas, Dallas County (311).

Family LAGENIDAE 

Genus ROBULUS Montfort, 1808

Very abundant specimens throughout the Coastal Plain 

Cretaceous are to be referred to Robulus or to Lenticulina. These forms are, however, very difficult to work 

with, as data to indicate what allowances should be made 

for variation are lacking. That these forms are very 

variable is certain, and the microspheric and megalospheric forms show very considerable differences. Some 

of the more striking species are relatively restricted in 

their ranges, and it is, therefore, to be suspected that if 

all the species could be clearly defined after a study of 

abundant, well-preserved material, they would be useful 

as index fossils. Very few of the species are noted here, 

mainly those that have hitherto been recorded, and figures of these are given. The many other forms have 

been left until further detailed study of the variations 

may be made by someone who may make comparisons 

with the many named European species.

Robulus iiavarroensis (Plummer) Cushman

Plate 16, figures 6-8 

Cristellaria navarroensis Plummer, Texas Univ. Bull. 2644, p. 39,

figs. 4a, b, (in text), 1927.

Lenticidina navarroensis Plummer, idem, Bull. 3101, p. 141, 1931. 

Robuhis navarroensis Jennings, Bull. Am. Paleontology, vol. 23,

No. 78, p. 15, pi. 1, figs. 14a, b, 1936. 

Loetterle, Nebraska Geol. Survey Bull., 2d ser., Bull. 12,

p. 20, pi. 1, figs. 4a, b, 1937. 

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 17,

p. 55, pi. 15, fig. 1, 1941.

Cushman and Todd, idem, vol. 19, p. 54, pi. 9, fig. 17, 1943. 

Cristellaria cultrata Carsey (not Montfort), Texas Univ. Bull. 

2612, p. 38, pi. 6, fig. 3, 1926.

Test closely coiled throughout, thickness about onethird the diameter; umbonate, the distinctly limbate 

sutures fusing with the central boss, often slightly raised; 

periphery with a broad, thin keel; chambers 10 to 12,
52 UPPER CRETACEOUS FORAMINIFERA OF GULF COASTAL REGION

very distinct, of uniform shape and very gradually increasing in size; sutures very distinct, limbate, curved; 

wall smooth, except that the sutures are often slightly 

raised near the umbo; aperture radia! 2 with a ventral 

enlarged slit on the apertural face. Diameter 1.00 mm. 

or more, thickness at umbo about 0.35 mm.

This species is characteristic of the Navarro, especially 

above the Nacatoch sand, and it is at many places very 

abundant. It is somewhat variable, as is usual in species 

of this genus. The young stages are more easily confused with those of other species. It apparently grades 

into the following variety that occurs with it, particularly 

in the Corsicana marl.

It has been recorded by Jennings from the Navesink 

marl and Mt. Laurel sand of New Jersey and by Loet^ 

terle from the Niobrara formation in Kansas, Nebraska, 

and South Dakota.

Navarro age.

Kerap clay. Texas, Hopkins County (1); Kaufman County 

(2); Navarro County (4, 6, 7); Williamson County (11, 

12); Travis County (13-17); Guadalupe County (18, 21).

Escondido formation. Texas, Maverick County (22).

Corsicana marl. Texas, Hunt County (24); Navarro County 

(25-27); Limestone County (29-31); Falls County (32); 

Travis County (34-39, 41-43); Caldwell County (44); 

Bexar County (46).

Arkadelphia marl. Arkansas, Hempstead County (70-72). -

Owl Creek formation. Mississippi, Tippah County (83).

Prairie Bluff chalk. Mississippi, Chickasaw County (84-86). 

Alabama, Wilcox County (99); Sumter County (101).

Nacatoch sand. Texas, Bowie County (47). Arkansas, White 

County (76); Lonoke County (77).

Saratoga chalk. Arkansas, Howard County (79).

Ripley formation. Mississippi, Pontotoc County (90).

Selma chalk (upper part). Mississippi, Union County (92).

Neylandville marl. Texas, Hunt County (54); Rockwall County (57).

Robulus navarroensis (Plummer) Cushman var. 

extruatus Cushman

Plate 16, figures 9, 10; plate 17, figure 2

Robulus navarroensis (Plummer) Cushman var. extruatus Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 14, 

p.. 31, pi. 5, fig. 1, 1938; idem, vol. 17, p. 56, pi. 15, fig. 2, 

1941. 

Cushman and Todd, idem, vol. 19, p. 54, pi. 9, fig. 15, 1943.

Variety differing from the typical form in the sutures, 

which instead of fusing into the smooth umbo are much 

raised, forming thickened ridges, especially at the inner 

ends; and in that the whole test tends slightly to uncoil.

The types of the variety are from the Corsicana marl 

of the Navarro group, Mexia highway at the forks of 

Wortham road 2.8 miles east-southeast of Cooledge, 

Limestone County, Tex.

This seems to be a varietal form of R. navarroensis 

and has a distinct keel. It also tends toward R. spissocostatus in its ornamentation and may be a stage between 

the two. It is best developed in the Corsicana marl.

Navarro age.

Kemp clay. Texas, Williamson County (11). 

Corsicana marl. Texas, Hunt County (24); Navarro County 

(26, 27); Limestone County (30); Falls County (32); 

Bexar County (46).

Arkadelphia marl. Arkansas, Hempstead County (70, 72, 73). 

Prairie Bluff chalk. Mississippi, Chickasaw County (84-87).

Robulus pondi Cushman

Plate 16, figures 1-5

Robulus pondi Cushman, Tennessee Div. Geology Bull. 41, p. 25, 

pi. 2, figs. 9a,' b, 1931; Cushman Lab. Foram. Research 

Contr., vol. 17, p. 56, pi. 15, fig. 4, 1941. 

Cushman and Deaderick, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 18, p. 331, 

pi. 50, fig. 24, 1944.

Test of medium size for the .genus, flattened at the 

umbones, closely coiled or occasionally becoming somewhat uncoiled; periphery with knoblike angles, slightly 

nodose, the interval between slightly concave; chambers 

numerous, 10 to 12 in the final coil, distinct, of uniform 

shape and very slightly increasing in size as added; 

sutures distinct, nearly tangential, slightly curved, not 

noticeably depressed; wall smooth; aperture radiate with 

usually a circular opening in addition on the upper end 

of the ventral face. Diameter up to 1.10 mm.

The types of this species are from the Selma chalk l 1/^ 

miles west of Sardis on the Sardis-Henderson road, Henderson County, Tenn. It is most closely^ related to Robulus nodosus (Reuss) Cushman from the Cretaceous of 

Europe, but the nodes are much less developed and the 

number of chambers usually greater.

It seems to be a species characteristic of the upper 

beds of Taylor age and lower beds of Navarro age, represented especially in the Selma chalk of Tennessee. A 

few specimens apparently very close to this occur in the 

Prairie Bluff chalk and in the Arkadelphia clay.

Navarro age.

Corsicana marl. Texas, Falls County (32).

Prairie Bluff chalk. Mississippi, Chickasaw County (85). Alabama, Sumter County (103).

Ripley formation. Mississippi, Pontotoc County (90). Tennessee, McNairy County (95); Henderson County (96).

.Saratoga chalk. Arkansas, Hempstead County (81).

Selma chalk (upper part). Mississippi, Prentiss County (91).

Neylandville marl. Texas, Delta County (51, 52); Rockwall 

County (57); Kaufman County (58, 62); Navarro County (64, 68). 

Taylor age.

Upper part of Taylor marl. Texas, Kaufman County (125, 

129); Navarro County (134); Leon County (138); Milam 

County (139); Williamson County (141, 143, 144); Travis 

County (145, 149); Guadalupe County (151); Bexar 

County (158, 159, 161).

Marlbrook marl. Arkansas, Clark County; Howard County; 

Hempstead County.

Selma chalk of Pecan Gap chalk age. Alabama, Marengo 

County (256).

Selma chalk (middle part). Tennessee, Hardin County (255). 

Mississippi, Alcorn County (259); Prentiss County (261) ; 

Lee County (264-267).

Lower part of Taylor marl. Texas, Dallas County (222).

Robulus spisso-costatus Cushman

Plate 16, figures 11-14; plate 17, figure 1

Robulus spisso-costatus Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research 

Contr., vol. 14, p. 32, pi. 5, fig. 2, 1938; idem, vol. 17, p. 57, 

.pi. 15, fig. 3, 1941. 

, Cushman and Todd, idem, vol. 19, p. 55, pi. 9, fig. 16, 1943.

Test much compressed, closely coiled except toward the 

end in the adult, where it may become slightly evolute and 

expose the inner portion of the. preceding coil; periphery 

subacute or with a slight, rounded keel; chambers numerous, 9 to 12 in the adult, increasing very gradually in 

size as added, of rather uniform shape throughout; sutures very distinct, curved, more strongly so toward the 

periphery, limbate, strongly raised, becoming thick and 

rounded toward the inner end and covering the umbo; 

wall, except for the raised sutures, smooth; aperture radiate, at the outer angle, with a supplementary slit ventrally. Diameter 1.00 to 1.65 mm., thickness 0.45 to 

0.55 mm.

The types of this species are from the Corsicana marl 

of the Navarro group, Mexia highway at the forks of 

Wortham road 2.8 miles east-southeast of Cooledge, - 

Limestone County, Tex.

This species is characteristic of the upper part of the 

Navarro above the Nacatoch sand. It occurs in the
LAGENIDAE 53

Corsicana marl, Kemp clay, Arkadelphia marl, and also 

in the Prairie Bluff chalk and Selma chalk. It differs 

from R. navarroensis (Plummer) Cushman in not having 

a thin, flangelike keel and in the peculiarly raised sutures 

that become thick and rounded at the inner end.

Navarro age.

Kemp clay. Texas, Navarro County (4, 7); Williamson County (11, 12); Travis County (17); Guadalupe County (20).

Corsicana marl. Texas, Hunt County (24); Navarro County 

(25-27); Limestone County (30, 31); Falls County (32); 

Travis County (34); Bexar County (46).

Arkadelphia marl. Arkansas, Hempstead County (70, 72, 73).

Prairie Bluff chalk. Mississippi, Chickasaw County (84, 86).

Selma chalk (upper part). Mississippi, Prentiss County (91). 

Alabama, Marengo County (104).

Robulus taylorcnsis (Plummer) Cushman

Plate 18, figure 20 

Astacolus taylorensis Plummer, Texas Univ. Bull. 3101, p. 143,

pi. 11, fig. 16, pi. 15, figs. 8-11, 1931. 

Crisiellaria gibba Carsey (not D'Orbigny), Texas Univ. Bull. 2612,

p. 37, pi. 5, fig. 4, 1926. 

Robulus taylorensis Cushman, Cushman Lab. Fora in. Research

Contr., vol. 17, p. 57, pi. 15, figs. 5a, b, 1941. 

Cushman and Deaderick, idem, vol. IS, p. 56, pi. 10, figs.

14, 15, 1942; Jour. Paleontology, vol. 18, p. 331, pi:.50,

fig. 25, 1944.

Test only moderately compressed, periphery subacute 

but with only a slight keel; slightly evolute, particularly 

in the megalospheric form, which tends to have 1 or 2 

uncoiled chambers in rather rare adult forms; microspheric form more involute; chambers distinct, usually 

8 or 9 in the adult whorl in the megalospheric form, 

.1.0 in the microspheric, increasing rather regularly in size 

as added, the last ones in the adult slightly inflated; 

sutures distinct, tangential, somewhat limbate, depressed 

only in the last portion, very slightly if at all curved; 

wall smooth, translucent; aperture at the peripheral 

angle, radiate. Length 0.50 to 0.75 mm., breadth 0.40 

to 0.50 mm., thickness 0.22 to 0.28 mm.

The type of this species is from the upper part of the 

Taylor marl near Taylor, Tex.

In the present material this species is available from 

a considerable number of stations, most of them in the 

lower beds of Taylor age, where, at some localities, it is 

very abundant. The occurrences in the upper beds of 

Taylor age and of Austin age are rare. The species is 

somewhat closely related to Marginulina stephensoni 

Cushman. It is also related to the form described by 

Reuss as "Cristellaria lituola" from the Cretaceous of 

Bohemia.

Taylor age.

Upper part of Taylor marl. Texas, Fannin County (113); 

Milam County (139); Williamson County (144).

Pecan Gap chalk member of Taylor marl. Texas, Collin County (170).

Wolfe City sand member of Taylor marl. Texas, Navarro 

County (187).

Marlbrook marl. Arkansas, Hempstead County.

Annona chalk. Texas, Red River County (193).

Lower part of Taylor marl. Texas, Red River County (199); 

Lamar County (200, 201); Fannin County (203, 204); 

Collin County (207, 211-213, 215); Kaufman County 

(228, 229); Ellis County (232); Navarro County (236) ; 

Hill County (237); McLennan County (239, 242); Travis 

County (248).

Selma chalk (middle part). Mississippi, Lee County (268). 

Austin age.

Selma chalk. Alabama, Warrior River (353).

Brownstown marl. Arkansas, Sevier County.

Robulus munsteri (Roemer) Cushman

Plate 17, figures 3-9

Robulina munsteri Roemer, Verstein. norddeutschen Oolithengebirges, Nachtrag., p. 48, pi. 22, fig. 29, 1839; Verstein. 

norddeutschen Kreidegebirges, p. 98, pi. 15, fig. 30, 1840-41. 

Cristellaria munsteri Reuss, Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math-naturwiss. 

Kl., Sitzungsber., vol. 46, pt. 1, 1862, p. 77, pi. 9, figs. 3, 4 

(1863).

Robulus munsteri Cushman, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 6, p. 334, 

pi. 50, figs. 2a, b, 1932; Cushman Lab. Foram. Research 

Con.tr., vol. 17, p. 58, pi. 15, fig. 6, 1941. 

Cushman and Hedberg, idem, vol. 17, p. 86, pi. 21, figs. 14a,

b, 1941.

Cushman and Deaderick, idem, vol. 18, p. 56, pi. 10, figs. 

10-13, 1942; Jour. Paleontology, vol. 18, p. 331, pi. 50, 

fig. 28, 1944.

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 20, 

p. 85, pi. 13, fig. 7, 1944.

Test involute except for the last portion in the adult, 

which may tend to become slightly evolute and show the 

preceding coil, compressed, umbonate, periphery sharply 

keeled; chambers distinct, of uniform shape and increasing very gradually in size, not inflated, 9 to 12 in the 

adult coil; sutures distinct, slightly limbate, tangential, 

slightly curved; wall smooth; aperture radiate, at the 

outer peripheral angle. Diameter up to 1.50 mm., thickness 0.40 to 0.60 mm.

Specimens referred to this species occur in the Ripley 

formation, the upper and. lower divisions of the Taylor 

marl, the Annona chalk, the upper portion of the Austin 

chalk of Texas, and the Selma chalk of Tennessee. Considerable variation is shown in this species, if the specimens included really belong in one species.

Navarro age. Ripley formation. Tennessee, Henderson County

(96).

Taylor age.

Upper part of Taylor marl. Texas, Hunt County (117); Kaufman County (130, 131); Limestone County (136); Travis

County (149).

Marlbrook marl. Arkansas, Howard County. 

Annona chalk. Texas; Red River County. 

Lower part of Taylor marl. Texas, Dallas County (219, 222,

223); Kaufman County (228); McLennan County (239). 

Austin age.

Burditt marl (of Adkins). Texas, Travis County (270, 271). 

Gober tongue of Austin chalk. Texas, Lamar County (288). 

Austin chalk. Texas, Grayson County (289, 291); Dallas

County (310). 

Brownstown marl. Texas, Red River County (319); Arkansas,

Sevier County. 

Selma chalk (lower part). Mississippi, Lee County (350);

Itawamba County (351).

Robulus pseudo-secaiis Cushman

Plate 17, figures 11-13

Robulus pseudo-secans Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research 

Contr., vol. 14, p. 32, pi. 5, fig. 3, 1938; idem, vol. 17, p. 

59, pi. 15, fig. 7, 1941; idem, vol. 20, p. 85, 1944.

Test strongly umbonate, thinningv from the umbones to 

the periphery, which is acute and keeled; chambers distinct, not inflated, 8 or 9 in the adult coil, of uniform 

shape, increasing gradually in size as added; sutures distinct, strongly limbate and raised, confluent with the 

highly rounded umbo, inner portion tangential, nearly 

straight, thence increasingly curved toward the periphery; 

wall, except for the raised portions, smooth; aperture 

radiate, at the peripheral angle. Diameter 1.00 to 1.40 

mm., thickness 0.65 to 0.80 mm.

The types are from Selma chalk on Jim Wilkin's property, 300 yards north of Union Church, Hardin County, 

Tenn.

This species somewhat resembles R. secans Reuss, from 

the Gault of Europe, but has fewer chambers and a
54 UPPER CRETACEOUS FORAMINIFERA OF GULF COASTAL REGION

smaller umbo. It differs from Lenticulina kansasensis 

in the same characters.

Navarro age. Neylandville marl. Texas, Kaufman County (61), 

Taylor age. Selma chalk (middle part). Tennessee, Hardin

County (255). 

Austin age. Selma chalk (lower part). Mississippi, Itawamba

County (351). ,

Robulus isidis (Schwager) Loetterle

Plate 17, figure 10 

Robulus isidis (Schwager) Loetterle, Nebraska Geol. Survey Bull.,

2d ser., Bull. 12, p. 21, pi. 1, figs. 5a, b, 1937. 

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 17, 

p. 60, pi. 15, figs. 8a, b, 1941.

"Specimens from the Niobrara formation of Nebraska 

are referred to Schwager's species. The original material 

has not been seen, and a copy of the figure given by 

Loetterle is illustrated on our plate.

Robulus macrodiscus (Reuss) Cushman and Jarvis

Plate 17, figure 14

Cristellaria macrodisca Reuss, Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-naturwiss 

Kl., Sitzungsber., vol. 46, pt. 1, 1862, p. 78, pi. 9, figs. 5a. 

b (1863). 

Berthelin, Soc. geol. France Mem., 3d ser., vol. 1, no. 5,

p. 48, pi. 3(26), figs. 6-11, 1880. 

Lenticulina macrodisca White, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 2, p. 198,

pi. 28, fig. 7, 1928. 

Robulus macrodiscus Cushman and Jarvis, U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc.,

vol. 80, art. 14, p. 23, pi. 7, figs. 3a, b, 1932. 

Cushman Geol. Soc. America Bull., vol. 47, p. 416, 1936; 

Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 17, p. 60, 

pi. 15, figs. 9a, b, 1941.

Specimens from the Upper Cretaceous of Trinidad and 

Mexico have been referred with some doubt to Reuss' 

species. Somewhat similar forms, with large prominent 

umbo and acute periphery, which is often somewhat 

keeled, occurred in shales from the canyons of the 

Georges Bank.

Robulus discrepaiis (Reuss) Cushman and Jarvis

Plate 17, figure 15

Robulina discrepans Reuss, Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-naturwiss.

Kl., Sitzungsber., vol. 46, pt. 1, 1862; p. 78, pi. 9, figs. 7a.

b (1863). 

Robulus discrepans Cushman and Jarvis, U. S. Nat. Miis. Proc.,

vol. 80, art. 14, p. 23, pi. 7, figs. 4a, b, 1932. 

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 17,

p. 60, pi. 15, figs: lOa, b, 1941.

Specimens from the Upper Cretaceous of Trinidad are 

referred to Reuss' species. The chambers are not inflated 

but gradually increase in size as added. The periphery 

is subacute and the apertural face somewhat concave. 

The sutures are flush with the surface, strongly curved. 

The aperture has a supplementary slit in the median 

line of the apertural face.

Upper Cretaceous. Pit at Lizard Springs, near Guayaguayare, 

southeastern Trinidad.

Robulus oligostegius (Reuss) Cushman and Jarvis

Plate 17, figures 16, 17

Cristellaria oligostegia Reuss, Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-naturwiss. 

Kl., Sitzungsber., vol. 40, p. 213, pi. 8, fig. 8, 1860; vol. 46. 

pt. 1, 1862, p. 93, pi. 13, figs. 2a, b (1863).

Robulus oligostegia Cushman and Jarvis, U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc., 

. vol. 80, art. 14, p. 22, pi. 6, figs..8, 9, 1932. 

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 17, 

p. 60, pi. 15, fig. 11, 1941.

Figures are given of a peculiar form referred to Reuss' 

species. It has a few tumid chambers, the later chambers 

showing a slight tendency to uncoil and the aperture

slightly protuberant. It is found in the Upper Cretaceous 

of Trinidad and in the Velasco shale of Mexico.

Robulus sternalis (Berthelin) Cushman and Jarvis

Plate 18, figure 1 

Crislellaria sternalis Berthelin, Soc. geol. France Mem. 3d ser.,

vol. 1, No.' 5, p. 51, pi. 3(26), figs. 2a, b, 1880. 

Robulus sternalis Cushman and Jarvis, U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc.,

vol. 80, art. 14, p; 22, pi. 6, figs, lla, b, 1932. 

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 17, 

p. 61, pi. 15, figs. 13a, b, 1941.

This species has been recorded from the Upper Cretaceous of Trinidad and similar forms occur in the Velasco 

shale of Mexico. There are but few chambers and a 

prominent umbo.

Upper Cretaceous. Pit at Lizard Springs, near Guayaguayare,

southeastern Trinidad. 

Velasco shale. Hacienda el Limon, Mexico.

Robulus williamsoni (Reuss) Cushman

Plate 18, figures 2, 3

Cristellaria williamsoni Reuss, Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-naturwiss. 

Kl., Sitzungsber., vol. 44, pt. 6, 1861, p. 327, pi. 6, figs. 4a, 

b (1862).

Lenticulina williamsoni Cushman and Church, California Acad. 

Sci. Proc., 4th ser., vol. 18, No. 16, p. 503, pi. 36, figs. 13, 

14, 1929. 

Robulus williamsoni Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research

Contr., vol. 7, p. 37, pi. 5, figs. 2a, b, 1931. 

Cushman and Jarvis, U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc., vol. 80, art. 14,

p. 22, pi. 6, figs. 7a, b, 1932.

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 17, 

p. 61, pi. 16, figs. 1, 2, 1941.

Figures are given of two slightly different forms from 

the Upper Cretaceous of Antigua and Trinidad that have 

been referred to Reuss' species.

Upper Cretaceous. Pit at Lizard Springs, near Guayaguayare,

southeastern Trinidad. 

White chalk. Antigua, British West Indies.

Robulus trinitatensis Cushman and Jarvis

Plate 18, figures 4-S 

Robulus trinitatensis Cushman and Jarvis, U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc.,

vol. 80, art. 14, p. 22, pi. 6, figs. lOa, b, 1932. 

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 17, 

p. 61, pi. 16, figs. 3-5, 1941.

Test closely coiled, compressed, periphery slightly 

keeled; chambers fairly distinct, 6 to 8 in the adult, not 

inflated; sutures fairly distinct, strongly curved, continuing into the umbilical region, strongly limbate, but not 

raised; wall ornamented by a series of obliquely curved 

costae, toward the periphery gradually becoming nearly 

parallel to the outer edge of the test, and continuous over 

the chambers; aperture at the peripheral angle, with a 

supplementary, elongate opening in the median line of 

the ventral face. Length 0.50 mm., breadth 0.40 mm., 

diameter 0.20 mm.

The types are from the Upper Cretaceous of Trinidad.

This is a very interesting and unique species, with its 

peculiar ornamentation, the heavy costae of the surface 

forming a continuous spiral independent of the individual chambers.

It is somewhat like 'Robulus pseudo-costatus (Plummer) Cushman from the lower Midway but is less ornate. 

A species very close to this, and perhaps identical, occurs 

in the Arkadelphia clay of Texas (73) and is here figured. 

This may be the ancestral form of the Midway species.

Upper Cretaceous. Pit at Lizard Springs, near Guayaguayare, 

southeastern Trinidad; Calex C well, 116 feet, at Lizard 

Springs, Trinidad.
LAGENIDAE 55

Robulus subalatus (Reuss) Cushman and Jarvis

Plate 18, figures 7, 8

Cristcllaria subalata Reuss, Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-naturwiss

Kl., Denkschr., vol. 7, pt. 1, p. 68, pi. 25, fig. 13, 1854;

idem, Sitzungsber., vol. 46, pt. 1, 1862, p. 76, pi. 8, fig. 10;

pi. 9, fig. 1 (1863.).

Robulus subalatus Cushman and Jarvis, U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc..

vol. 80, art. 14, p. 23, pi. 7, figs. 1, 2, 1932. 

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 17. 

p. 62, pi. 15, figs. 14a, b, 1941.

Specimens from the Upper Cretaceous of Trinidad 

have been referred to this species. Figures show the 

forms that occur, one with the sutures slightly raised, 

the other without this character. Both forms have a 

very thin, broad keel.

Upper Cretaceous. Pit at Lizard Springs, near Guayaguayare. 

southeastern Trinidad.

Robulus alcxandcri Sandidge

Plate 18, figure 9 

Robulua alexanderi Sandidge, Am. Midland Naturalist, vol. 13..

p. 313, pi. 29, figs. 1, 2, 1932.

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 17, 

p. 62, pi. 15, figs. 14a, *>, 1941.

Test close-coiled, strongly convex, peripheral margin subacute; 

apertural face triangular, slightly impressed; chambers few, 8 in 

number; sutures indistinct in early stages, very slightly raised 

between last few chambers, gracefully curving away from aperture, earlier apertures partially visible at periphery; wall smooth; 

aperture at the peripheral angle, radiate, with lower part extending 

as a slit into the apertural face. Diameter of holotype 0.70 mm.

The types of this species are from the Ripley formation of Barton's bluff, on the Tombigbee River, Ala. 

The type figures of this species give few details.

Robulus aldrichi Sandidge

Plate 18, figure 10 

Robulus aldrichi Sandidge, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 6, p. 272, pi.

42, figs. 3, 4, 1932. 

Jennings, Bull. Am. Paleontology, vol. 23, No. 78, p. 15,

pi. 1, fig. 13, 1936.

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 17, 

p. 62, pi. 15, figs. 12a, b, 1941.

Test close-coiled, somewhat elongate, moderately compressed, 

umbonate, peripheral margin distinct, bordered by a narrow rim, 

chambers gently curving, 8 or 9 in last whorl, sutures limbate in 

early part of coil, later becoming smooth, curving outward from 

central boss; wall smooth; apertural face flat, triangular, bordered by a narrow rim; aperture at the apical angle, oval, with a 

few radial striations around the peripheral edge, lower portion 

extending into the apertural face. Diameter of holotype, 0.70 mm.

This remarkably characteristic representative of Montfort's 

early genus is closely related to Cristellaria degolyeri Plumper 

described from the Texas Midway. The rimmed, beadlike periphery, and the very definite variation in the type of the aperture are 

the chief means of differentiation. This occurrence of the robuline 

representative in the Ripley leads to speculation regarding the 

ancestry of the Midway form.

The types of this species are from the Ripley formation, lower part of Red bluff, just north of the boundary 

between Wilcox and Dallas Counties at the Alabama 

River, Ala. It has been recorded from the Navesink marl 

and Mt. Laurel sand of New Jersey.

Robulus stephensoiii Cushman

Plate 18, figures 12, 13

Robulus stephensoni Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research 

Contr., vol. 15, p. 90, pi. 16, figs. 2, 3, 1939; idem, vol. 17, 

p. 63, pi. 16, figs. 6a, b, 1941. 

Cushman and Deaderick, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 18, p. 331,

pi. 50, fig. 26, 1944. -

Robulus navarroensis Cushman (not Plummer), Tennessee Div. 

Geology Bull. 41, p. 25, pi. 2, figs. 8a, b, 1931; Jour. Paleontology, vol. 5, p. 303, pi. 34, figs. 14a, b, 1931.

Test closely coiled throughout, somewhat umbonate, 

thinning from the umbones to the acute periphery, which 

has a slight narrow keel; chambers distinct, 8 to 10 in 

the adult coil, of rather uniform size and shape; sutures 

distinct, strongly limbate, slightly curved, not depressed; 

wall smooth and unornamented; aperture at the peripheral angle, radiate with a distinct ventral'slit. Diameter 

2.00 mm. or more, thickness 0.35 to 0.65 mm.

The type is from the Selma chalk ll/2 miles west of 

Sardis on the Sardis-Henderson road, Henderson County, 

Tenn.

This species does not have as curved sutures or as well 

developed a keel as R. navarroensis (Plummer) Cushman, and it has fewer chambers. It seems to be an 

ancestral form of R. navarroensis and occurs mostly 

below the Nacatoch sand.

Navarro age.

Nacotoch sand. Texas, Hunt County (49). 

Ripley formation. Tennessee, McNairy County (95); Hender- *

son County (96).

Selma chalk (upper part). Tennessee, McNairy County (98). 

Neyhtndville marl. Texas, Delta C,OUQty (52); Hunt County

(53); Rockwall County (57); Kaufman County (59, 60,

62); Navarro County (64). 

Saratoga chalk. Arkansas (at type locality). 

Taylor age.

Upper Taylor marl. Texas, Hunt County (117); Williamson

County (142).

Selma,chalk (middle part). Tennessee, Hardin County (255). 

Marlbrook marl. Arkansas, Clark County; Howard County;

Hempstead County.

Robulus sp.

Plate 18, figure 11

The figured specimen is large, has a distinct keel and 

umbonate center, and is generally evolute. It is from, 

the Ripley formation of Tennessee ll/2 miles west of 

Sardis on the Sardis-Henderson road, Henderson County, 

Tenn. (96).

This is apparently a distinctive species, but not enough 

material is available to warrant a description of it.

Genus LENTICULINA Lamarck, 1804

The main distinction between this genus and Robulus 

is in the aperture. This is not always easily determined 

in poorly preserved fossil material and, therefore, the 

generic position of many species is difficult to determine. 

There are so many species already named in the European Cretaceous that a study of these is necessary before 

applying names to most of our American Cretaceous 

forms.

Lenticulina joiiesi Sandidge

Plate 18, figure 14. 

LenLiculina jonesi Sandidge, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 6, p. 273,

pi. 42, figs. 1, 2, 1932. 

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 17,

p. 64, pi. 16, figs. 9a, b, 1941.

Cushman and Todd, idem, vol. 19, p. 55, pi. 9, figs. 19, 20, 

1943.

Test close-coiled, somewhat longer than broad, periphery acute, 

sometimes slightly keeled; chambers comparatively few, usually 

6 to 8 in the last whorl, slightly curving, somewhat inflated, sutures 

gently curving lines, sometimes slightly impressed, especially between the last few chambers; wall smooth; apertural face rounded, 

not sharply truncate, triangular in its general shape;. aperture at 

the peripheral angle, somewhat protruding, radiate. Diameter of 

holotype, 0.75 mm.

This species has been established to care for the many forms 

occurring in the Ripley, which resemble in their general appearance L. gibba but which cannot be grouped with it-because of
56 UPPER CRETACEOUS FORAMINIFERA OF GULF COASTAL REGION

their persistently different apertural face. Whereas L. gibba has a 

truncate apertural face with a rimmed margin, that of L. jonesi 

is inflated and rounded. It resembles in some respects Cushman's 

L. d'orbignyi but differs from that form in the shape of the apertural face, in having slightly curving chambers and sutures, and in 

being smaller. Robulina subangulata of Reuss is a closely related 

species, found in the Cretaceous of Europe, from which the Ripley 

form is differentiated only by the character of its aperture.

The types of this species are from the Ripley formation, 

basal beds at Rocky bluff, 1 mile above Prairie bluff on 

the Alabama River, Ala.

A somewhat similar form occurs in the upper part of 

the Taylor marl and lower part of the Navarro group of 

Texas, and although I. have not seen the types of this, 

species, the two may be the same.

Lenticulina kaiisasensis Morrow

Plate 18, figure 15 

Lenticulina kansasensis Morrow, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 8, p.

189, pi. 30, figs. 23a, b, 1934. 

Loetterle, Nebraska Geol. Survey Bull., 2d ser., Bull. 12.

p. 22, pi. 1, figs. 6a, b, 1937.

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Coritr., vol. 17, 

p. 64, pi. 16, figs. 8a, b, 1941.

Test involute, sides strongly convex, thickness almost half the 

diameter, periphery even, sharp; sutures limbate, curved, meeting 

the periphery obliquely, elevated into narrow, sharp ridges which 

die out before reaching the periphery, fusing at the center in a distinct boss; chambers ten to twelve in final whorl; wall smooth 

except for the raised sutures; apertural face triangular, narrow, 

joining the preceding whorl in a sharp contact; aperture elliptical, 

at the apex of the apertural face. Diameter of holotype 0.76 mm.; 

thickness 0.34 mm.

Lenticulina kansasensis is distinguished from L. sublaevis by its 

stronger and more curved sutures, its slightly more compresed 

- form, and its more elongate apertural face. The surface ornamentation is somewhat like that of Cnstellaria degolyeri Plum'mer, 

a Midway species, but the Kansas species lacks a ragged keel and 

has several more chambers in the last whorl.

This species is very common in the basal Niobrara and has been 

found at several localities but apparently does not occur in other 

members.

Holotype from SE% sec. 12, T. 12 S., R. 17 W., Ellis County, 

Kans.

The holotype has been redrawn on our plate. It is a 

partially eroded specimen and does not show the surface 

characters well. I have, therefore, hesitated to identify 

any specimens from the Coastal Plain Cretaceous with it.

Loetterle records the species from the Fort Hays limestone of Kansas, Nebraska, and South Dakota.

Lenticulina navicula (D'Orbigny) Cushman and Jarvis

Plate 18, figure 16 

Cnstellaria navicula D'Orbigny, Soc. Geol. France Mem., 1st ser.

vol. 4, p. 27, pi. 2, figs. 19, 20, 1840. 

Reuss, Versteinerungen bohmischen Kreideformation, pt. 1.

p. 34, pi. 12, fig. 27, 1845. 

Lenticulina navicula Cushman and Jarvis, U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc..

vol. 80, art. 14, p. 24, pi. 7, figs. 5a, b, 1932. 

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 17. 

p. 65, pi. 16, figs, lla, b, 1941.

D'Orbigny described this species from the Cretaceous 

chalks of the Paris Basin, and Reuss and others have 

recorded it from the Cretaceous of central Europe. Specimens from Trinidad and Mexico seem to agree very well 

with those of Europe and may be identified with D'Orbigny's species. The chambers are distinct but not 

inflated, the periphery subacute, the sutures flush with 

the surface but strongly curved, and the apertyral face 

convex without any supplementary slit, so that this 

species may be included in Lamarck's genus. There is 

a tendency, in the later chambers toward uncoiling. The

measurements of the figured specimen are as follows: 

Length 0.90 mm.; breadth 0.55 mm.; thickness 0.40 mm.

Upper Cretaceous: Pit at Lizard Springs, near Guayaguayare,

southeastern Trinidad. 

Velasco shale: Hacienda el Limon, Mexico.

Lenticulina iiuda (Reuss) Cushman and Jarvis

Plate 18, figure 17 

Cnstellaria nuda Reuss, Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-naturwiss. Kl.,

Sitzungsber., vol. 44, pt. 1, 1861; p. 328, pi. 6, figs. 1-3

(1862). 

Lenticulina, nuda Cushman and Jarvis, Cushman Lab. Foram.

Research Contr., vol. 4, p. 96, pi. 14, fig. 2, 1928; U. S.

Nat. Mus. Proc., vol. SO, art. 14, p. 24, pi. 7, figs. 6a, b,

1932. 

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 17,

p. 66, pi. 16, figs. 12a, b, 1941.

Both in Trinidad and Mexico forms occur in the Upper 

Cretaceous that are referred to Reuss' species.. There is 

apparently no supplementary aperture, and the form 

should probably be referred to Saracenaria.

Upper Cretaceous: Pit at Lizard Springs, near Guayaguayare,

southeastern Trinidad. 

Velasco shale: Hacienda el Limon, Mexico.

Lenticulina sublaevis Morrow

Plate 18, figure 18 

Lenticulina sublaevis Morrow, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 8, p. 189,

pi. 30, figs. 14, 20a, b, 1934. 

Loetterle, Nebraska Geol. Survey Bull., 2d ser., Bull. 12,

p. 22, pi. 1, figs. 7a, b, 1937.

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 17. 

p. 66, pi. 16, figs. lOa, b, 1941.

Test relatively large, involute, sides equally and strongly convex, 

thickness about one-half the diameter, periphery simple, keeled or 

very sharply rounded; sutures limbate, gently curved, slightly 

raised, fusing at the center in a broad smoothly rounded boss; 

chambers 10 to 12 in final whorl; wall smooth except for the 

slightly raised sutures; apertural face triangular, convex, fusing 

into the outer wall of the preceding chamber; aperture circular, at 

the apex of the apertural face. Diameter of holotype Oi84 mm.; 

thickness 0.44 mm.

There is some variation in the strength of the sutures, some 

specimens appearing almost smooth. Lenticulina sublaevis lacks 

the prominent raised sutures shown by L. kansasensis, which makes 

the chambers less distinct and the sides of the test more nearly 

smooth. The sutures are usually not curved so strongly and meet 

the periphery at a higher angle than in our other species. L. sublaevis lacks the more complicated aperture of Robulus, thus making comparisons with species of this otherwise similar genus 

unnecessary.

This species is also restricted to the basal Niobrara, where it is 

common at several localities.

Holotype from SEV± sec. 12, T. 12 S., R. 17 W., Ellis County, 

Kans. U. S. National Museum No. 75361.

The holotype has been redrawn on our plate. Numerous specimens in the lower part of the section in the Gulf 

Coastal Plain may be identical with this species, but 

they are often not well preserved in the'more chalky 

formations.

Loetterle records the species from the Fort Hays limestone of Kansas, Nebraska, and South Dakota.

Lenticulina rotulata Lamarck

Plate 18, figure 19; plate 19, figures 1-7

Very many forms have been referred to Lamarck's 

species. From the Coastal Plain material have been 

referred to this species those forms with a distinct umbo, 

slightly curved, tangential sutures, and usually a distinct 

keel. Several figures are given on the plate that are 

referred here. Such forms are found in the basal beds
LAGENIDAE 57

of Navarro age, throughout the beds of Taylor age, and 

in the beds of Austin age.

Navarro age. Neylandville marl. Texas, Delta County (51);

Navarro County (63). 

Taylor age. 

Upper part of Taylor marl. Texas, Lamar County (111); Kaufman County (125); Navarro County (134); Limestone

County (136); Leon County (138); Milam County (139);

Travis County (145); Guadalupe County (151); Bexar

County (152, 156, 161-163). 

Pecan Gap chalk member of Taylor marl. Texas, McLennan

County (177). 

Selma chalk of Pecan Gap chalk age. Alabama, Marengo

County (256). 

Wolfe City sand member of Taylor marl. Texas, Navarro

County (188).

Annona chalk. Texas, Red River County (193). 

Selrna chalk (middle part). Mississippi, Union County (262). 

Lower part of Taylor marl. Texas, Delta County (206); Collin

County (208, 214); Dallas County (222); McLennan

County (238); Bell County (245). . 

Austin age.

Gober tongue of Austin chalk. Texas, Lamar County (288). 

Austin chalk. Texas, Collin County (292); Dallas County (305,

310). 

Bonham marl. Texas, Lamar County (331).

Lenticulina vclascoensis White

Plate 19, figure 8 

Lenticidina velascoensis White, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 2, p. 199,

pi. 28, figs. 8a, b, 1928. '

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 17, 

p. 67, pi. 16, figs. 7a, b, 1941.

Test flattened, lenticular, with depressed umbos of clear shell 

material, through which chambers of the inner whorls may be 

seen; usually about ten chambers to the last volution; sutures 

flush, curved; periphery keeled, denticulate due to breaking; 

aperture oval, obscurely radiate. Diameter of type specimen 0.60 

mm.; thickness 0.25 mm.

The types are from the Upper Cretaceous Velasco 

shale of Mexico.

Genus FLANULABIA Defiance, 1824 

Plamilaria advena Cushman and Jarvis

Plate 19, figures 9, 10 

Planularia advena Cushman and Jarvis, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc.,

vol. 80, art. 14, p. 24, pi. 8, figs. 1~ 2, 1932. 

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 17, 

p. 68, pi. 16, figs. 14a, b, 1941.

Test large, much compressed, periphery acute and 

slightly keeled; chambers distinct, low and broad, uniformly increasing in breadth as added but with the height 

remaining nearly the same throughout, the later chambers becoming much elongated; sutures limbate, in the 

early portion raised and somewhat irregularly beaded, 

later becoming entirely so, and in the last-formed portion 

even slightly depressed; wall, except for the umbilicus, 

which is beaded, and the raised sutures, smooth; aperture 

at the peripheral angle, radiate. Length 5.00 mm.; 

breadth 3.00 mm.; thickness, in the umbonal region, 

0.90 mm.; at the middle of the last-formed chamber, 

0.35 mm.

The types are from Upper Cretaceous of Trinidad, 

where it is rather common.

This is a large and striking species with a distinctive 

ornamentation. The greatest breadth is formed early 

in the development of the test in the umbonal region, 

after which it becomes complanate and much thinner.

Upper Cretaceous: Pit at Lizard Springs, near Guayaguayare, 

southeastern Trinidad.

Planularia dissona (Plummer) Cushman

Plate 19, figures 11-18

Aslacolus dissonus Plummer, Texas Univ. Bull. 3101, p. 145, pi. 11, 

figs. 17, 18; pi. 15, figs. 2-7, 1931.

Cristellana reniformis Carsey (not D'Orbign}'), Texas Univ. Bull.

2612, p. 37, pi. 3, fig. 2, 1926. 

Planularia dissona Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research

Contr., vol. 17, p. 68, pi. 16, figs. 15-19, 1941. 

Cushman and Todd, idem, vol. 19, p. 55, pi. 9, figs. 18a, b,

1943.

Test very strongly compressed, thickest in the umbonal 

region, early portion coiled, later portion in the megalospheric form uncoiling; periphery variable, with a thin 

keel in the earliest portion, largely disappearing in uncoiled specimens but in coiled ones usually persisting 

throughout and distinctly flanged; chambers distinct, 

increasing very rapidly in size, becoming elongate in the 

adult, slightly inflated in the later portion in uncoiled 

-forms, very variable in number; sutures distinct, slightly 

limbate, occasionally somewhat raised, slightly depressed 

in later portion of uncoiled forms, earlier sutures usually 

more strongly curved than later ones; wall usually smooth. 

but in some specimens with a few weak costae, generally 

parallel to the periphery; aperture radiate, at the peripheral angle, slightly protruding. Length 0.80 to 1.30 

mm., breadth 0.40 to 0.80 mm., thickness 0.20 to 0.30 mm.

This is an exceedingly variable species, as the series of 

figures on our plate will show. It is an excellent index 

fossil for the beds of Navarro age above the level of the 

Nacatoch sand, including the Corsicana marl, Kemp clay, 

and Arkadelphia marl. It is often very abundant in the 

Corsicana marl.

Navarro age. 

Kemp clay. Texas, Navarro County (4); Williamson County

(11, 12); Guadalupe County (18, 21). 

Corsicana marl. Texas, Hunt County (24); Navarro County

(25-27); Limestone County (29-31); Falls County (32);

Travis County (35, 36); Caldwell County (44). 

Arkadelphia marl. Arkansas, Hempstead County (70, 72, 73). 

Nacatoch sand. Texas, Bowie County (47).

Planularia dissona (Plummer) Cushman var. santanderensis 

Cushman and Hedberg

Plate 66, figures 6-9

Planularia dissona (Plummer) Cushman var. santanderensis Cushman and Hedberg, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., 

vol. 17,-p. 87, pi. 21, figs. 16-19, 1941.

This variety has a peculiarly ornamented surface with 

raised sutures and occasional somewhat oblique costae 

between them, with the whole test much flattened.

The types are from the Mito Juan formation near 

kilometer post 33 west of Cucuta, Colombia, on the road 

to Santiago.

Planularia elongata Ehrenberg

Plate 20, figure 1 

Plamilaria elongata Ehrenberg, Mikrogeologie, pi. 32, pt. 2, fig. 10,

1854.

Cushman, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 1, p. 216, pi. 35, fig. 10, 

1928; Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 17, 

p. 69, pi. 16, fig. 20, 1941.

Under this name Ehrenberg figures an elongate form 

that evidently belongs in this genus. His material is 

from the American Cretaceous "Schreib-Kreide des 

Mississippi-Gebietes." The species resembles P. dissona 

(Plummer), but its identity must remain in doubt.

Planularia tricarinella (Reuss) Cushman

Plate 20, figures 2, 3

Cristellaria tricarinella Reuss, Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-naturwiss. 

Kl.. Sitzungsber, vol. 46, pt. 1, 1862, p. 68, pi. 7, figs. 9a, b 

(1863).

Planularia tricarinella Cushman, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 6, p. 334,

pi. 50, figs. 5, 6, 1932; Cushman Lab. Foram. Research

Contr., vol. 17, p. 69, pi. 16, figs. 21a, b, 1941; idem, vol.

20, p. 5, pi. 1, fig. 17, 1944.

Cushman and Goudkoff, idem, vol. 20, p. 56, pi. 9, fig. 9, 1944.
58 UPPER CRETACEOUS FORAMINIFERA OF GULF COASTAL REGION

Test much compressed, the sides nearly parallel, the 

outer periphery rounded or somewhat truncate, often 

with 3 distinct keels, 1 median and 1 at each side; chambers distinct, somewhat uncoiled in the adult, increasing 

in length as added, height remaining about the same 

throughout; sutures distinct, raised above the surface, 

fusing at the periphery into the thickened peripheral 

margin; wall finely perforate; aperture radiate, at the 

peripheral angle. Length up to 1.00 mm.; breadth 0.30 

to 0.50 mm.; thickness 0.10 to 0.20 mm.

Reuss described this species from the Cretaceous of 

Europe, and our species is apparently the same. Brady 

used the name in the Challenger report for a Recent 

species that is not identical, and the name has been used 

in a similar way by later authors following Brady.

The species, so far as seen, occurs in material from the 

Pecan Gap chalk and from the Upper Cretaceous of 

California.

Taylor marl, Pecan Gap chalk member. Texas, Delta County 

(166, 167).

Plaiiularia sp. A

Plate 20, figure 4

The single specimen figured evidently belongs to Planularia. No other specimens could be found in the material available, and it is simply recorded here. It is from 

the lower part of the Navarro group, base of the Neylandville marl 2.1 miles southeast of Drane, Navarro 

County, Tex. (63).

Plaiiularia sp. B

Plate 66, figure 5

A single specimen seems distinct from the preceding. 

It is peculiar in the shape of the last-formed chamber, 

which has a distinct ventral lobe. It is from the upper 

zone of the Colon formation, Department of Santander 

del Norte, Colombia.

Genus SARACENAKJA Defrance, 1824 

Saracenaria triangularis (D'Orbigny) Cushman and Church

Plate 28, figures 1-3 

Cristellaria triangularis D'Orbigny, Soc. geol. France Mem. 1st

ser., vol. 4, p. 27, pi. 2, figs. 21, 22, 1840. 

Reuss, Verstein. bohm. Kreideformation, pt. 1, p. 34, pi. 8,

fig. 48, 1845; (in Geintz), Grundriss der Verstein., p. 663,

pi. 24, fig. 29, 1845-46. ' - D'Orbigny, Prodrome de paleontologie stratigraphique universelle des animaux mollusques et rayonnes, vol. 2, p

281, No. 1375, 1850. 

Reuss, Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-naturwiss. Kl., Denkschr.,

vol. 7, p. 68, 1854; Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-naturwiss.

KL, Sitzungsber., vol. 46, pt. 1, 1862, pp. 70, 93 (1863). 

Berthelin, Soc. geol. France Mem., 3d ser., vol. 1, p. 55, 1880. 

Beissel, Preuss. geol. Landesanstalt Abh., new ser. vol. 3, p.

53, pi. 10, figs. 1-9, 1891. 

Matouschek, Lotos, vol. 43, p. 146, 1895. 

Egger, K. bayer. Akad. Wiss., Math.-naturh. Abt., Abh.,

Kl. 2, vol. 21, p. 117, pi. 12, figs. 5, 6, 1899; Naturwiss.

Ver. Passau Ber., p. 36, pi. 2, figs. 19-21, 1907. 

Heron-Alien and Earland, Royal Micr. Soc. Jour., p. 421,

1910. 

Franke, Natur. Ver. preuss. Rheinlande u. Westfalens Verh.,

69 Jahrg., vol. 59; 1912, p. 279 (1913). 

Chapman, W. Australia Geol. Survey Bull. 72, p. 30, pi. 9,

fig. 80, 1917.

Saracenaria triangularis (D'Orbigny) Cushman and Church, California Acad. Sci. Proc., 4th ser., vol. 18, p. 505, pi. 37.

figs. 13, 14, 1929. 

Cushman and Hedberg, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research

Contr., vol. 17, p. 88, pi. 21, figs. 35a, b, 1941. 

Cushman, idem, vol. 20, p. 8, pi. 2, fig. 5, 1944.

Test fairly large, the early portion completely coiled, 

later chambers somewhat uncoiled and the test becoming 

triangular in transverse section; chambers distinct, few 

in number; sutures distinct but not depressed, curved; 

wall smooth except for the sides of the apertural face, 

which are somewhat thickened; aperture at the angle 

of the upper end, radiate. Length up to 1.30 mm., 

breadth 0.55 to 0.65 mm.

D'Orbigny described and figured this species from the 

Upper Cretaceous chalks of the Paris Basin. It has 

been widely recorded from the Upper Cretaceous. Allowing for some .variation, specimens referable to this 

species occur in the Upper Cretaceous of our Gulf Coastal 

Plain, particularly in beds of Taylor age and upper part 

of the Austin chalk. There is a tendency for the periphery and the sides to become somewhat carinate. Elongate uncoiled forms are rare.

Navarro age.

Prairie Bluff chalk. Mississippi, Chickasaw County (87).

Ripley formation. Tennessee, Henderson County (96). 

Taylor age.

Upper part of Taylor marl. Texas, Red River County (106); 

Kaufman County (131); Navarro County (132); Limestone County (136); Williamson County (141, 144).

Pecan Gap chalk member of Taylor marl. Texas, Hunt County 

(168); Delta County (165, 166).

Wolfe City sand member of Taylor marl. Texas, Collin County 

(180, 182); Hunt County (186).

Annona chalk. Texas, Red River County (194, 195).

Lower part of Taylor marl. TexaSj Fannin County (203); Collin County (208); Dallas County (216, 222, 225); Kaufman County (228, 229); McLennan County (240); Bel] 

County (245). 

Austin age.

Gober tongue of Austin chalk. Texas, Fannin County (280) ; 

Lamar County (285).

Austin chalk. Texas, Graysdn County (289, 290); Dallas County (310, 311); Bell County (316).

Selma chalk of upper Austin age (?). Alabama, Pickens County (352); Warrior River (353).

Saracenaria saratogaiia Howe and Wallace

Plate 28, figures 4-6

Saracenaria italica Cushman (not Defrance), Jour. Paleontology,

vol. 5, p. 305, pi. 34, figs. 15, 16, 1931; vol. 6, p. 335, 1932.

Cushman and Todd, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr.,

vol. 19, p. 58, pi. 10, fig. 17, 1943.

Saracenaria saratogana Howe and Wallace, Louisiana Dept. Cons. 

Geol. Bull. 2, p. 41, 1932.

In the Saratoga chalk and the upper members of the 

Navarro are specimens of Saracenaria in which the angles 

are not as sharp as in S. triangularis (D'Orbigny) Cushman and Church and there is a greater tendency to uncoiling. These were provisionally referred to S, italica 

Defrance, but the name S. saratogana has been proposed 

for them. Some of the variations in this form are shown 

on our plate.

There are other forms also that are evidently to be 

placed in this genus, but material is not in sufficient 

amount to warrant specific descriptions.

Navarro age.

Kemp clay. Texas, Travis County (17). 

Corsicana marl. Texas, Limestone County (30, 31); Falls

County (32); Travis County (34); Guadalupe County

(45); Bexar County (46).

Arkadelphia marl. Arkansas, Hempstead County (70, 73). 

Prairie Bluff chalk. Mississippi, Chickasaw County (85-87).

Alabama, Sumter County (101-103). 

Saratoga chalk. Arkansas, Hempstead County (80); Howard

County (79).
LAGENIDAE 59

Genus MARCUNULINA D'Orbigny, 1826 

Marginulina austinann Cushman

Plate 20, figures 5-10

Marginulina auslinana Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research 

Contr., vol. 13, p. 92, pi. 13, figs. 1-4, 1937.

Test elongate, compressed, early portion closely coiled 

and umbonate, later portion uncoiled, dorsal side gently 

curved, ventral side slightly lobulate; chambers of the 

early coiled portion indistinct, later uncoiled chambers 

more distinct, but not inflated; sutures indistinct except 

in the later portion, where they are slightly curved, somewhat limbate, with a decided bosslike thickening toward 

the dorsal side of the middle; wall smooth except for the 

sutural enlargements; aperture radiate, at outer peripheral angle. Length up to 2.50 mm., breadth 0.70 to 0.80 

mm., thickness 0.30 to 0.40 mm.

The types are from the middle part of the Gober tongue 

of Austin chalk, Randolph road 4 miles north of-Leonard, 

Fannin County, Tex. It occurs in typical form at numerous localities in the upper part of the Austin.

M. austinana differs from M. modesta Reuss in the 

more compressed test, larger number of coiled chambers, 

and the raised portion of the sutures. It is represented 

by variations in two directions, one with greater compression and a shorter test, the other with less compression and a more elongate test.

Austin age. 

Gober tongue of Austin chalk. Texas, Fannin County (277,

278). 

Austin chalk. Texas, Collin County (293, 295); Dallas County

(303, 310, 326). 

Brownstown marl. Texas, Red River County (318).

Marginulina austinana Cushman var. directa Cushman

. Plate 20, figures 11-16

Marginulina ausLinana Cushman var. directa Cushman, Cushman 

Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 13, p. 93, pi. 13, figs. 

5-8, 1937.

Variety differing from the typical form in the less compressed test, fewer chambers in the coiled portion, dorsal 

side straight or slightly concave, and the later chambers 

more inflated.

The types are from about the middle part of the Austin 

chalk, ditch south of highway leading west from McKinney, 3.1 miles west of McKinney, Collin County, 

Tex. (324).

This variety occurs in the upper part of the Austin 

chalk and continues on into the lower and middle parts 

of the Taylor marl in the Texas region.

Taylor marl.

Wolfe City sand member. Texas, Hunt County (185). 

Lower part. Texas, Collin County (210); Dallas County (216) ;

Ellis County (231); Bell County (245); Williamson

County (246). 

Austin age.

Cober tongue of Austin chalk. Texas, Fannin County (277). 

Austin chalk. Texas, Collin County (292, 293, 324); Dallas

County (300-302, 304, 305, 307, 308); Hill County (314) ;

Bell County (315). 

Bonham marl. Texas, Larnar County (327).

Marginulina austiuana Cushman var. acesceiis Cushman 

Plate 20, figure 17

Marginulina aiistinana Cushman var. acescens Cushman, Cushman 

Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 13, p. 93, pi. 13, fig. 9. 

1937; idem, vol. 20, p. 85, pi. 13, fig. 9, 1944.

Variety differing from the typical form in the more 

compressed test, with fewer uncoiled chambers and with 

the dorsal periphery strongly curved and in many specimens somewhat keeled.

The types are from the lower part of the Gober tongue 

of the Austin chalk in a cut on the Texas and Pacific

Railway 2.2 miles west of High, Lamar County, Tex. 

(288). It also occurs in the lower part of the Selma 

chalk of Mississippi (351).

In both this and the preceding variety the thickenings 

of the sutures are apparent in most specimens, and together with the typical form they form a rather closely 

related series.

Marginulina incoiistantia Cushman

Plate 20, figures 18-23

Marginulina inconstantia Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram Research Contr., vol. 14, p. 33, pi. 5, figs. 4-9, 1938.

Test compressed, in the microspheric form almost completely coiled, in the megalospheric becoming uncoiled; 

coiled portion completely involute, periphery angled, 

often very slightly nodose; sutures rather indistinct, not 

depressed; wall thick, rather easily eroded; aperture 

radiate, at the peripheral angle. Length up to 1.40 mm., 

breadth 0.70 to 1.00 mm.

The types are from the basal part of the Taylor marl 

just above the Austin contact on the east side of Buckner 

Boulevard 2 feet below pavement 0,1 mile north of the 

intersection with U. S. Highway 80 near Buckner Orphans Home, east of Dallas, Dallas County, Tex. (217).

This species differs from Marginulina austinana Cushman in the greater range of shape between the microspheric and megalospheric forms, much more curved 

peripheral line in side view, and larger coiled portion.

This is an extremely variable species, in which the 

extreme microspheric and megalospheric forms would 

hardly be placed together were it not for the large series 

available to show the intermediate stages. The only 

specimens so far available are from the Taylor marl just 

above the contact with the Austin, and it may later be 

found to be a good stratigraphic marker for the basal 

part of the Taylor marl.

Taylor marl, lower part. Texas, Dallas County (216-218).

Marginulina juncea Cushman

Plate 20, figure 24

Marginulina juncea Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research 

Contr., vol. 14, p. 33, pi. 5, fig. 10, 1938.

Test very elongate, slender, earliest portion coiled, becoming quickly uncoiled and rectilinear, slightly curved; 

chambers distinct, earliest coiled chambers not inflated, 

later chambers distinctly inflated, increasing in length 

and diameter as added; sutures in the later portion becoming increasingly depressed; wall smooth; aperture 

terminal, radiate. Length up to 1.50 mm., maximum 

diameter 0.20 mm.

The types are from the Taylor marl in a road ditch 

on the north-facing slope of Bullhide Creek Valley 5V2 

miles east by south of Lorena, McLennan County, Tex. 

(241).

This species differs from Marqinulina texana Cushman 

in the slenderer form, more elongate chambers in the 

adult, and the more definitely coiled early chambers.

The species is. very abundant at the type locality but 

has not been found elsewhere.

Marginulina stephensoni Cushman

Plate 20, figures 25, 26

Marginulina stephensoni Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 13, p. 93, pi. 13, figs. 10, 11, 1937; idem, 

vol. 20, p. 5, 1944.

Cushman and Deaderick, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 18, p. 331, 

pi. 51, figs. 1-3, 1944.

Test of two distinct portions, the earlier portion closely
60 UPPER CRETACEOUS FORAMINIFERA OF GULF COASTAL REGION

coiled, umbonate, with subacute periphery, later consisting of 2 to 4 chambers uncoiled, inflated, nearly circular 

in transverse section; chambers distinct; later uncoiled 

chambers inflated, earlier chambers of uniform shape, 

increasing very gradually in size as added; sutures 'distinct, slightly limbate, oblique and nearly straight in the 

coiled portion, in later portion strongly depressed; wall 

smooth; aperture radiate, at the outer peripheral angle. 

Length up to 1.25 mm., breadth of coiled portion 0.45 

to 0.50 mm.

The types are from the lower part of the Taylor marl 

on the Chilton road 10 miles south-southeast of Waco, 

McLennan County, Tex. (242). It occurs at a number 

of localities in our material from the lower part of the 

Taylor marl of Texas.

The species differs from "Astacolus taylorensis Plummer," which it resembles in its earlier stages, in the 

smaller number of chambers in the coil, broader periphery, and more definite and larger uniserial chambers.

Navarro age. Ripley formation. Tennessee, McNairy County

(95).

Taylor age. 

Upper part of Taylor marl. Texas, Collin County (121); Bexar

County (158). 

Pecan Gap chalk member of Taylor marl. Texas, Delta County

(166).

Marlbrook marl. Arkansas, Clark County. 

Lower part of Taylor marl. Texas, Collin County (207); Ellis

County (230, 231); McLennan County (242). 

Austin chalk. Texas, Dallas County (305).

Marginulina pseudomarcki Cushmaii

Plate 20, figures 27, 28

Marginulina pseudomarcki Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 13, p. 94, pi. 13, figs. 19, 20, 1937.

Test large, compressed, umbonate, closely coiled in the 

early portion, in the adult becoming uncoiled; periphery 

entire, not lobulate; chambers distinct1, increasing very 

regularly in size, those of the uncoiled portion somewhat 

reduced in size; sutures distinct, strongly oblique, only 

slightly curved, somewhat limbate, very slightly depressed in the adult uncoiled portion; wall smooth 

throughout; aperture radiate, at the outer, peripheral 

angle. Length up to 5.00 mm., breadth of coiled portion 

2.00 to 2.50 mm.

The types are from the Taylor marl (upper part), 

from 13% to 15 feet above water level, left bank of Onion 

Creek % mile south-southeast of Delvalle, just above 

road crossing, Travis County, Tex. (149).

This species closely resembles M. marcki (Reuss) 

Cushman from the upper Senonian of Westphalia, Germany. A study of topotype material shows that our 

species is much larger, less strongly umbonate, and the 

sutures less curved.

. Marginulina dbrsata Cushman

Plate 20, figures 29-31

Marginulina dorsata Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research 

Contr., vol. 13, p. 94, pi. 13, figs. 16-18, 1937.

Test elongate, 2% to S1/^ times as long as broad, gradually tapering in the early portion to about the middle, 

thence with the sides nearly parallel, the earliest chambers in the microspheric form coiled, uncoiled portion 

making up a very large .part of the test; dorsal side in 

the earlier part pinched in at either side leaving a dorsal 

ridge that becomes obsolete in the later portion; chambers distinct, comparatively few, earlier chambers increasing rapidly in size as added, becoming distinctly 

inflated in the adult; sutures of'the early portion not 

depressed, later distinctly depressed; wall smooth; aperture radiate, at the outer peripheral angle. Length 1.00 

to 1.60 mm., breadth 0.20 to 0.25 mm.

The types and only other specimens available are from 

the Anhona chalk 4 miles east of Clarksville, Red River 

County, Tex. (197).

Marginulina armata Reuss

Plate 21, figure 1

Marginulina armata Reuss, Akad Wiss. Wien, Math.-naturwiss. 

Kl., Sitzungsber., vol. 40, p. 209, pi. 7, fig. 7, 1860.

The original figure given by Reuss shows only terminal

chambers and the only topotype specimens available

show little more. In our collections, however, are com-

-plete specimens with a finely spinose surface that may

belong to Reuss' species.

Taylor marl, upper part. Texas, Travis County (148).

Marginulina niunda Cushman

Plate 21, figures 2, 3

Marginulina munda Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research 

Contr., vol. 14, p. 34, pi. 5, figs. 11, 12, 1938; idem, vol. 20, 

p. 5, pi. 1, fig. 22, 1944.

Cushman and Deaderick, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 18, p. 331, 

pi. 51, fig. 4, 1944.

Test elongate, slender, much compressed, periphery 

subacute; early portion closely coiled, slightly evolute; 

adult uncoiled, slightly curved; chambers very distinct 

and sharply outlined, increasing slowly in size, earliest 

chambers triangular in side view, later chambers oblique; 

sutures very slightly depressed in the later portion, limbate ; wall smooth; aperture radiate, at the dorsal peripheral angle. Length up to 1.00 mm., breadth 0.25 to 0.30 

mm.

. The types are from the upper Taylor marl 0.3 mile by 

road southeast of Gastonia, Kaufman County, Tex. (127).

This species differs from M. plummerae Cushman in 

the very sharply cut characters of the chambers and 

sutures, the greater amount of coiling in the early portion, and lack of ornamentation.

Taylor age. 

Upper part of Taylor marl. Texas, Kaufman County (126,

. 127). 

Pecan Gap chalk member of Taylor marl. Texas, Delta County

(166). 

Marlbrook marl. Arkansas, Clark County.

Marginulina cf. M. recta (D'Orbigiiy) Cushman

Plate 21, figures 4, 5

Cnstellaria recta D'Orbigny, Soc. geol. France Mem., 1st ser. vol. 

4, p. 28, pi. 2, figs. 23-25, 1840.

Marginulina cf. M. recta Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 20, p. 5, pi. 1, fig. 26, 1944.

The specimens figured have numerous characters similar to D'Orbigny's species, which was described from the 

Cretaceous White chalk of the Paris Basin. Several 

chambers reach the proloculum, but they increase rapidly 

in breadth and the last few chambers fail to reach as far 

as preceding chambers. The aperture is radiate and 

forms a rather large protuberance on the peripheral dorsal margin.

A number of specimens .were found in the upper part 

of the Taylor marl in Red River County, Tex. (106), and 

in the Pecan Gap chalk member, Delta County, Tex. 

(166). '

Marginulina cf. M. elongata D'Orbigny . .

Plate 21, figures 6-10

The series of figures presented here shows some of the 

forms that may belong to D'Orbigny's species. The 

types are from the White chalk of the Paris Basin, and
LAGENIDAE 61

topotypes have been studied. All our figured specimens 

are from the Anndna chalk at a single locality in Red 

River County, Tex. (197), where the species is common. 

Specimens are easily broken.

Marginulina tayloraiia Cushman

Plate. 21, figures 11-15

Marginulina taylorana Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research 

Contr., vol. 13, p. 96, pi. 14, fig. 7, 1937.

Test about 3 times as long as broad, early portion 

closely coiled, later 3 or .4 chambers uncoiling, subcylindrical; chambers distinct, increasing gradually in size as 

added, later chambers somewhat inflated; sutures distinct, slightly curved, in the later portion slightly depressed; wall smooth, polished; aperture radiate, at the 

outer peripheral angle. Length 1.00 to 1.25 mm., diameter 0.40 mm.

The types are from the upper part of the Taylor marl, 

Dallas road 4.3 miles southwest of Greenville, Hunt 

County, Tex. It occurs in typical form at a' number of 

localities in Texas in the upper part of the Taylor marl.

The species is, apparently confined to the upper part 

of the Taylor marl and the lower part of the Navarro 

group below the Nacatoch sand.

Navarro age. ' '.- 

Ripley formation. Tennessee, McNairy County (94); Henderson County (96).

Saratoga chalk. Arkansas, Hempstead County (81). 

Neylandville marl. Texas, Delta County (52); Rockwall

County (57); Navarro County (66).

Taylor marl, upper part. Texas, Red River County (106, 109); 

Hunt County (115); Navarro County (134).;' Williamson 

County (142); Bexar County (152, 158, 159).

Marginulina cretacea Cushman

Plate 21, figures 16-20, 39

Marginulina cretacea Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research 

Contr., vol. 13, p. 94, pi. 13, figs. 12-15, 1937; idem, vol. 

20, p. 5, pi. 1, fig. 18, 1944. 

Cushman and Deaderick, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 18, p. 332,

pi. 51, fig. 5, 1944.-

Marginulina intermedia Cushman (not Philippi), idem, vol. 6, 

p. 334, pi. 50, figs. 4a, b, 1932.

Test much compressed; early portion coiled, especially 

in the microspheric form, later portion uncoiled; dorsal 

periphery strongly convex, not tabulate, ventral periphery 

concave; dorsal. margin acute, ventral margin slightly 

rounded; chambers distinct, increasing gradually in size 

and breadth as added, not inflated; sutures distinct, 

slightly curved, not depressed; wall smooth; aperture 

radiate at the outer peripheral angle. Length 1.20 to 

1.60 mm., breadth 0.50 to 0.80 mm.

The types are from the upper part of the Taylor marl, 

gully south of the New Braunfels-Clear Springs road, 4 

miles southeast of New Braunfels, Guadalupe County, 

Tex. This species is fairly common at numerous localities in Texas in rocks of Taylor age, including the Pecan 

Gap chalk member and the Annona chalk, and extending 

into the Neylandville marl of Navarro age.

Navarro age. Neylandville marl. Texas, Rockwall County (57) ;

Kaufman County (58). 

Taylor age. 

Upper part of Taylor marl. Texas, Lamar County (110); Collin

County (121); Rockwall County (123); Leon County

(138); Williamson County (142); Travis County (145) ;

Guadalupe County (151); Bexar County (158). 

Marlbrook marl. Arkansas, Clark County; Hempstead County. 

Ozan formation. Arkansas, Little River County (254). 

Pecan Gap chalk member of Taylor marl. Texas, McLennan

County (177); Delta County (165, 166).

Annona chalk. Texas, Bowie County (189, 190); Red River

County (196). 

Lower part of Taylor marl. Texas, Dallas County (222).

Marginulina texasensis Cushman

Plate 21, figures 21-29, 38, 40 

Marginulina texasensis Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research

Contr., vol. 14, p. 95, 1938. 

Frizzell, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 17, p. 342, pi. 56, fig. 4,

1943, 

Cushman and Deaderick, idem, vol. 18, p. 332, pi. 51, figs.

6, 7, 1944. 

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 20,

p. 86, pi. 13, fig. 8, 1944. 

Marginulina texana Cushman, idem, vol. 13, p. 95, pi. 14, figs. 1-4,

1937. 

Cushman and Hedberg, idem, vol. 17, p. 88, pi. 21, fig. 21,

1941.

Marginulina elongata Cushman (not D'Orbigny), Jour. Paleontology, vol. 5, p. 304, pi. 35,-figs. 6a, b, 1931. 

Marginulina modesta Cushman and Jarvis (not Reuss), U. S. Nat. 

Mus. Proc., vol. 80, art. 14, p. 26, pi. 8, figs. 6a, b, 1932.

Test elongate, slender; early portion (roiled, rapidly 

becoming uncoiled, with rather uniform diameter throughout;-ventral margin in the adult convex, lobulated, dorsal 

margin concave; nearly circular in diameter; chambers 

distinct, strongly inflated in the later portion, increasing 

gradually in height toward the apertural end; sutures 

distinct, depressed in the later portion; wall smooth; 

aperture radiate, protuberant, at the dorsal peripheral 

angle. Length 1.50 to 2.25 mm., diameter 0.25 mm.

The types are' from the Pecan Gap chalk member of 

the Taylor marl 3.2 miles southwest of Mart, McLennan 

County, Tex., on secondary road to Otto at crossing of 

"Big Creek." This species occurs in Texas at numerous 

localities in the upper 'part of the Taylor marl, in the 

Pecan Gap chalk member of the Taylor, in the Annona.- 

chalk; and in Arkansas in the Marlbrook marl. It 

ranges upward into the lower part of the Navarro group 

and occurs in the Saratoga chalk of Arkansas and in the 

Selma chalk of Mississippi. It is present in Trinidad, 

Colombia, and Peru.

The species has been recorded as "Marginulina elongata 

D'Orbigny." It differs from that species in the more 

tumid and higher chambers, concave dorsal margin, and 

smaller coiled portion.

Navarro age.

Selma chalk (upper part). Mississippi, Prentiss County (91). 

Saratoga chalk. Arkansas, Howard County (79). 

Taylor age. 

Upper part of Taylor marl. Texas, Limestone County (136);

Williamson County (142); Travis County (149); Bexar

County (156, 159).

Ozan formation. Arkansas, Little River County (254). 

Pecan Gap chalk member of Taylor marl. Texas, McLennan

County (177). 

Annona chalk. Texas, Red River County (188a, 198).

Marginulina cf. M. tripleura (Reuss) Cushman

Plate 21, figures 30, 31

Marginulina cf. M. tripleura Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 13, p. 95, pi. 14, figs. 5, 6, 1937; idem, 

vol. 20, p. 6, pi. 1, fig. 20, 1944.

Reuss described and figured specimens from the Upper 

Cretaceous of Germany under the name "Cristellaria 

tripleura." Some of the American Cretaceous specimens 

strongly resemble this form, but though occurring at 

several localities specimens are never in sufficient number 

really to show the extent of variation or the characters 

of the microspheric and megalospheric forms. Our specimens are mostly from the upper part of the Taylor marl
62 UPPER CRETACEOUS FORAMINIFERA OF GULF COASTAL REGION

and from the Neylandville marl in the lower part of the 

-Navarre group.

Navarro age. Neylandville marl. Texas, Rockwall County (57);

Navarro County (66). 

Taylor marl. 

Upper part. Texas, Lamar County (110); Bexar County (152,

161).

Pecan Gap chalk member. Texas, Delta County (166). 

Lower part. Texas, Ellis County (231, 233).

Margimiliiia bullata Reuss

Plate 21, figures 32-37 

Marginulina bullata Reuss, Verstein. bohm. Kreideformation, pt.

1, p. 29, pi. 13, figs. 34-38, 1845.

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram Research Contr., vol. 13, 

p. 96, pi. 14, figs. 9-15, 1937; idem, vol. 20, p. 6, pi. 1, 

fig. 21, 1944.

The specimens named by Reuss in various collections 

from the Cretaceous of Bohemia have been examined. 

The American Cretaceous specimens seem to belong to 

the same species. It has typically few very strongly 

inflated chambers that- increase in size greatly as added. 

The surface is smooth, and the aperture has a distinctly 

proturberant, cylindrical neck.

Specimens occur at numerous localities in the present 

collections but never in any considerable number. The 

range includes the beds of Taylor age and extends into 

the lower beds of Navarro age. It may be easily confused with the somewhat similar species of the beds of 

upper Navarro age, which has a pointed radiate aperture 

instead of a cylindrical neck.

There are numerous American records but some, at 

least, are questionable.

Navarro age. Ripley formation. Tennessee, McNairy County

(94). 

.Taylor age.

Upper part of Taylor marl. Texas, Red River County (105, 

106); Hunt County (115); Collin County (121); Rockwall County (124); Kaufman County (126, 129, 131); 

Leon County (138); Milam County (139).

Ozan formation. Arkansas, Little River County (254).

Pecan Gap chalk member of Taylor marl. Texas, Collin County (169); Delta County (166).

Selma chalk of Pecan Gap chalk age. Alabama, Marengo 

County (256).

Selma chalk (middle part). Mississippi, Prentiss County (261).

Wolfe City sand member of Taylor marl. Texas, Collin County 

(180).

Lower part of Taylor marl. Texas, Delta County (206); Collin 

County (208); Kaufman County (228); Bell County 

(245).

Marginulina navarroana Cushman

Plate 22, figures 1-5

Marginulina navarroana Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 13, p. 98, pi. 14, figs. 17, 18, 1937.

Test elongate, 4 to 5 times as long as broad, earliest 

portion coiled, rapidly becoming uncoiled, the last 5 uncoiled chambers in the adult making up almost the entire 

test, earliest portion slightly compressed, later circular 

in transverse section, periphery lobulate; chambers distinct, becoming strongly inflated in the adult, increasing 

gradually in height, but only very slightly in diameter; 

sutures fairly distinct in the later portion, in which they 

are somewhat depressed; wall ornamented by longitudinal 

costae, somewhat .variable in coarseness, slightly twisted, 

especially over the earlier portion, and independent of 

the sutures; aperture radiate, projecting, at the outer 

peripheral angle. Length 1.40 to 1.85 mm., breadth 0.35 

to 0.40 mm.

The types are from the Prairie Bluff chalk on U. S. 

Highway 80, 0.35 mile east of the Southern Railway

underpass at Livingston, Sumter County, Ala. (102). 

The species also occurs in the Corsicana marl of Texas.

Navarro age.

Prairie Bluff chalk. Alabama, Sumter County (101, 102). 

Corsicana marl. Texas, Bexar County (46).

Marginulina silicula (Plummer) Cushman

Plate 21, figures 42-45 

Hemicristellaria silicula Plummer, Texas Univ. Bull. 3101, p. 148,

pi. 10, figs. 8, 9, 1931; 

Vaginulina ? trilobata Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research

Contr., vol. 6, p. 30, pi. 4, fig. 11, 1930. 

Marginulina silicula Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research

Contr., vol. 13, p. 97, pi. 14, figs. 19-22, 1937. 

Cushman and Hedberg, idem, vol. 17, p. 88, pi. 21, fig. 22,

1941. 

Cushman and Todd, idem, vol. 19, p. 55, pi. 10, fig. 4, 1943.

This is a large species characteristic of the Corsicana 

marl of the Navarro group of Texas. The peculiar 

spinose early coiled stages and the raised portions in the 

middle of the sutures are distinctive.' Somewhat related 

forms occurring with these have no early coiled stage and 

are referred to under Vaginulina. The species is an 

excellent marker for the upper part of the Navarro.

It is interesting to note that similar specimens, apparently identical, are found in the Upper Cretaceous of 

Bavaria and in the upper part of the Colon formation of 

the Department of Santander del Norte, Colombia.

Navarro age. 

Kemp clay. Texas, Williamson County (11); Guadalupe

County (18). 

Corsicana marl. Texas, Hunt County (24); Navarro County

(25-37); Limestone County (30, 31); Falls County (32);

Travis County (34). 

Prairie Bluff chalk. Mississippi, Chickasaw County (85).

Marginulina plummerae Cushman

Plate 22,, figures 6-10 

Marginulina plummerae Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research

Contr., vol. 13, p. 97, pi. 13, figs. 21-23, 1937. 

f Cushman and Todd, idem, vol. 19, p. 56, pi. 10, fig. 2, 1943. 

Hemicristellaria ensis Plummer (not Reuss), Texas Univ. Bull.

3101, p. 146, pi. 10, figs. 1-4, 1931.

Cristellaria lineara Carsey (not C. linearis D'Orbigny), Texas 

Univ. Bull. 2612, p. 36, pi. 2, fig. 3, 1926.

Test elongate, 4 to 5 times as long as broad, compressed, especially in the early portion, which is coiled; 

very early becoming uncoiled and gradually less compressed until in some adult specimens the section becomes 

nearly circular; ventral side nearly straight, dorsal side 

slightly convex, in adults becoming straight or even 

slightly concave; chambers distinct, the few coiled chambers increasing very rapidly in size, later uncoiled chambers increasing very gradually, becoming distinctly 

inflated; sutures distinct, limbate, slightly raised, 

especially in the middle portion, where they are somewhat 

more thickened than at the sides, slightly curved-; wall 

smooth except for the raised sutures; aperture radiate, 

at the outer peripheral angle. Length 1.00 to 2.00 mm., 

breadth 0.30 to 0.40 mm.

The types are from the Navarro group, Corsicana marl, 

in a road ditch on the west-facing slope of Big Creek 

Valley. 3 miles southwest of Stranger and 1.3 miles 

southeast of Parsons Bridge, Falls County, Tex. (32). 

It should make an excellent index fossil for the upper 

part of the Navarro.

This species has been referred to Marginulina ensis 

Reuss, from the Cretaceous of Bohemia. That species, 

however, is larger, coarser, with much less compression, 

thicker wall, and different sutures. Its position in the
LAGENIDAE 63

geologic section is much lower than that of M. plummerae. 

It is very questionable if any American forms are identical with Reuss' species.

Navarro age.

Kemp clay. Texas, Hopkins County (1); Travis County (17)'; 

Guadalupe County (21).

Corsicana marl. Texas, Navarro County (27); Limestone County (30, 31); Falls County (32); Travis County (40).

Arkadelphia marl. Arkansas, Hempstead County (72, 73).

Prairie Bluff chalk. Mississippi, Chickasaw County (86).

Marginulinu curvatura Cushman

Plate 22, figures 11-14 

Margimdina curvatura Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research

Contr., vol. 14, p. 34, pi. 5, figs. 13, 14, 1938. 

Cushman and Todd, idem, vol. 19, p. 56, pi. 10, fig. 3, 1943.

Test elongate, slightly if at all compressed, early portion coiled, later chambers uncoiled in a slightly curved 

line that gradually becomes straight; chambers distinct, 

becoming gradually more inflated toward the apertural 

end, considerably overlapping though less so in the Inter 

stages, nearly circular in transverse section; sutures of 

the early portion hardly if at all depressed, gradually 

more depressed in later stages; wall smooth; aperture 

radiate, at the peripheral angle. Length up to 1.00 mm., 

breadth 0.25 to 0.30 mm.

The types are from the Navarro group, Corsicana marl, 

.1.7 feet above the base of bluff on Onion Creek 21/4 miles 

west of old Garfield, Travis County, Tex. (36). It also 

occurs in the Corsicana marl of other localities and in the 

Arkadelphia marl of Arkansas.

M. curvatura differs from M. texasensis Cushman in 

the greater proportion of curved early chambers, more 

curved later portion, and lack of a ridgelike pinching in 

of the dorsal margin in the early stages.

Nnvarro age.

Corsicana marl. Texas, Limestone County (30, 31); Falls 

County (32); Travis County (36); Navarro County (27). 

Arkadelphia marl. Arkansas, Hempstead County (73).

Marginuiina siliqua Cushman

Plate 22, figures 15, 16

Margimdina siliqua Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research 

Contr., vol. 14, p. 35, pi. 5, figs% 15, 16, 1938.

Test small, strongly compressed, peripheral margin 

subacute, early portion somewhat coiled, adult portion 

uncoiled; chambers distinct, not inflated except the latest 

ones that are very slightly so, increasing rapidly in 

breadth but only gradually in height, the earliest 4 or 

5 reaching back to the proloculum, later ones forming a 

linear series, but somewhat curved, the inner end narrower; sutures distinct, slightly limbate, not depressed 

except slightly between the last 2 or 3 chambers, gently 

curved; wall smooth; aperture radiate, projecting slightly, on the dorsal peripheral margin. Length 0.50 to 0.60 

mm., breadth 0.20 mm.

The types are from a horizon near the base of the 

Kemp clay of the Navarro group, branch of Mustang 

Creek 1 mile west-southwest of Noack, 900 feet downstream from road, and 0.2 miles southwest of Christ 

Evangelical Lutheran Church, Williamson County, Tex. 

(12). It also occurs in the Corsicana marl.

M. siliqua differs from M. cretacea Cushman in the 

fewer and more distinct chambers, in the straight ventral 

margin, and in a tendency to contract rather than expand toward the apertural end.

Navarro age.

Kemp clay. Texas, Williamson County (12). 

Corsicana marl. Texas, Falls County (32).

Marginuiina humilis (Reuss) Cushman and Church?

Plate 22, figure 17

Specimens occur in the Upper Cretaceous of Trinidad 

and in the Velasco shale of Mexico similar to that figured 

here. The test is nearly cylindrical, and the initial end 

has a short spine. Some specimens tend to coil, but 

the generic position is very difficult to determine. It is' 

probably not the same as the species described by Reuss 

but has already been referred to it (Cushman and Jarvis,. 

U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc., vol. 80, art. 14, p. 27, pi. 8, fig. 9, 

1932). Another form from the Velasco shale has also 

been referred to this (Cushman, Am. Assoc. Petroleum 

Geologists Bull., vol. 10, p. 601, pi. 19, fig. 8, 1926) but 

should probably be placed under M. jarvisi.

Marginuiina jarvisi Cushman

Plate 22, figures 18-20 

Cristellaria grata Cushman (not Reuss), Am. Assoc. Petroleum

Geologists Bull., vol. 10, p. 598, pi. 19, figs, la, b, 1926. 

Lenliculina grata Cushman and Jarvis (not Reuss), Cushman Lab.

Foram. Research Contr., vol. 4, p. 96, pi. 14, fig. 3, 1928. 

Marginuiina grata Cushman and Jarvis (not Reuss), U. S. Nat.

Mus. Proc., vol. 80, art. 14, p. 25, pi. 7, fig. 7; pi. 8, fig. 3,

1932. 

Margimdina schloenbachi Cushman and Jarvis (not Reuss), idem,

p. 26, pi. 8, fig. 5, 1932. 

Marginuiina jarvisi Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research

Contr., vol. 14, p. 35, pi. 5, figs. 17, 18 1938.

Test compressed, elongate, earliest portion coiled, later 

uncoiling; periphery rounded, ventral margin slightly 

concave, dorsal margin convex; chambers distinct, rather 

few, the earliest 4 to 6 coiled, remainder uncoiled, not 

inflated; sutures distinct, slightly limbate, not raised, 

somewhat curved; wall smooth; aperture at the peripheral angle, radiate. Length 1.00 to 1.40 mm., breadth 

0.30 to 0.40 mm., thickness 0.20 to 0.25 mm.

The types are from Upper Cretaceous beds in the pit 

at Lizard Springs, near Guayaguayare, Trinidad, British 

West Indies.

The forms figured here, all from the same locality, show 

the very considerable variation in this species. The 

essential characters are the same, but the form of the 

test changes greatly. The species differs from "Cristellaria grata. Reuss" in'the much greater proportion of 

uncoiling, less compressed test, and different angle and 

curvature of the sutures.

M. jarvisi is also found in the Upper Cretaceous 

Velasco shale of Mexico, and somewhat similar specimens 

occur in the upper part of the Navarro of Texas.

Navarro group, Kemp clay. Texas, Williamson County (11).

Marginuiina cf. M. decorala (Reuss) Cushman and Jarvis

Plate 21 figure 41 

Cristellaria decorala .Reuss, Deutsche geol. Gessell. Zeitsch., vol. 7,

p. 209, pi. 8, fig. 16; pi. 9, figs. 1, 2, 1855. 

Marginuiina decorata Cushman and Jarvis, U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc.,

vol. 80, art. 14, p. 28, pi. 9, figs. 2a, b, 1932.

Test elongate, compressed, the periphery lobulate; 

early chambers coiled, later chambers uncoiled and becoming narrower as they are added; sutures distinct, 

limbate, raised, the earlier sutures broken into a series 

of beadlike projections, later sutures nearly entire; aperture . somewhat produced, at the peripheral angle. 

Length 1.50 to 1.65 mm., breadth 0.60 to 0.80 mm., 

thickness 0.50 to 0.60 mm.

The specimens from Trinidad are similar in many of 

their characters to Reuss' species, but the sutures in the
64

later chambers tend to lose the beaded character although 

they are still -strongly raised.

Upper Cretaceous. Calex C well, 116 feet, near Lizard Springs, 

Guayaguayare, southeastern Trinidad.

Marginulina triiiitatensis Cushman

Plate 22, figure 21

Marginulina trinilatensis Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 13, p. 99, pi. 14, fig. 16, 1937.

Marginulina jonesi Cushman and Jarvis (not Reuss), U. S. Nat. 

Mus. Proc., vol. 80, art. 14, p. 27, pi. 9, figs, la, b, 1932.

Test slightly longer than broad, early portion closely 

coiled, last portion uncoiled, periphery acute and slightly 

keeled; chambers fairly distinct, earlier chambers much 

compressed in the coiled portion, much inflated in the 

uniserial portion, increasing rapidly in size in the adult; 

sutures of the early portion indistinct, later distinct and 

strongly depressed; wall ornamented with numerous 

acute costae, usually somewhat -broken at the sutures, 

last-formed chamber tending to become smooth; aperture radiate, terminal, .with a slight neck. Length 0.90 

to 1.00 mm., breadth 0.35 to 0.60 mm., thickness 0.25 to 

0.50 mm.

The types are from the Upper Cretaceous of Trinidad.

This species differs from M. jonesi Reuss in the compressed and keeled coiled portion, fewer .uncoiled and 

more coiled chambers, and much more distinctly inflated 

later chambers.

Upper Cretaceous: Pit at Lizard Springs, near Guayaguayare, 

southeastern Trinidad.

Marginulina? trilobata D'Orbigny

Plate 22, figure 22 

Marginulina trilobata D'Orbigny, Soc. geol. France Mem., 1st ser.,

vol. 4, p. 16, pi. 1, figs. 16, 17, 1840.

Cushman and Jarvis, U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc., vol. 80, art. 14, 

p. 28, pi. 9, figs. 3, 4, 1932.

Test elongate, the sides nearly parallel, periphery 

rounded; chambers distinct, rather uniform in size and 

shape; sutures distinct, limbate; the central portion at 

each side raised and thickened; wall, except for the 

sutural projections, smooth; aperture radiate, at the 

peripheral margin. Length up to 3.50 mm., breadth 

0.70 to 0.80 mm., thickness 0.40 to 0.45 mm.

The specimen figured is megalospheric and does not 

show the early coiled chambers, which are much more 

apparent in microspheric specimens. The jaised sutures 

are somewhat variable in the degree of thickening, but 

this character is usually present in considerable degree. 

The types of this species were described by D'Orbigny 

from the Cretaceous chalks of the Paris Basin, and it is 

rather widely distributed in the chalky phase of the 

Upper Cretaceous of Europe and America. Similar 

specimens.occur in Trinidad and in the Velasco shale of 

Mexico. There is a question whether the species should 

be placed under Marginulina or Vaginulina.

Marginulina sp. A

Plate 22, figure 23

The single specimen figured here is peculiar in its coiled 

early portion with raised sutures and later portion with 

depressed sutures and elongate, inflated chambers. In 

its early stages is resembles M. plummerae Cushman, but 

the later chambers are much more elongate. The specimen is from the Navarro group, Corsicana marl, 13 feet 

above the base of bluff on Onion Creek i/4 mile below 

Bastrop road crossing and 2% miles west of old Garfield, 

Travis County, Tex., (41).

Marginulina sp. B

Plate 22, figure 24

The accompanying figure shows a very peculiar specimen, evidently belonging to this genus. -It may be a 

somewhat abnormal form but is here recorded for future 

reference. It is from the lower part of the upper Taylor 

marl, branch of Kickapoo Creek 1,200 feet south of 

public road and 1.8 miles northwest of Annona, Red River 

County, Tex. (106).

Marginulina sp. C

Plate 22, figures 25-27

The three figured specimens are probably young stages 

referable to Marginulina and are figured for the record. 

They the from marl probably of upper Taylor age, 5 or 

6 feet below the base of the Exogyra-Gryphaea zone, 

east bank of Medio Creek 0.85 mile below crossing of 

Castroville road, Bexar County, Tex. (160).

Genus DENTALINA D'Orbigny, 1826 

Dentalina involveiis Cushman

Plate 22, figure 28

Dentalina involvens Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research 

Contr., vol. 14, p. 37, pi. 6, fig. 3, 1938; idem, vol. 16, p. 75, 

pi. 13, fig. 1, 1940.

Test small, elongate, slender, of nearly uniform diameter throughout, slightly curved, initial end with a distinct 

spine; chambers few, distinct, except the earliest; later 

chambers slightly inflated, somewhat overlapping; early 

sutures indistinct, later sutures slightly depressed; wall 

ornamented by longitudinal costae, those of the early 

portion coarse and strongly twisted, later costae more 

numerous, finer, and less oblique, independent of the 

sutures; aperture radiate, terminal, slightly excentric. 

Length up to 1.00 mm., diameter 0.15 mm.

The types are from the Austin chalk on the road at 

the north edge of Whitewright, north-facing slope of 

branch valley, Grayson County, Tex. (290). .

This is a peculiarly ornamented species and holds its 

characters very closely. It differs from D. alternata 

(Jones) Plummer in the smaller, more slender test, 

fewer costae, and the peculiarly twisted character of the 

ornamentation.

Dentalina alternata (Jones) Plummer

Plate 22, figures-29-33

Nodosaria zippei Reuss var. alternata Jones, in Wright, Belfast 

Nat. Field Club Proc., 1884-85, appendix 9, p. 330, pi. 27, 

fig. 10, 1886. 

Dentalina alternata, Plummer, Texas Univ. Bull. 3101, p. 153. pi. 11,

fig.' 7, 1931.

Sandidge, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 6, p. 274, pi. 42, fig. 6, 1932.

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 16,

p. 76, pi. 13, figs. 2-6, 1940; idem, vol. 20, p. 6, pi. 1, fig.

31, 1944; idem, vol. 20, p. 86, 1944.

Cushman and Deaderick, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 18, p. 332,

pi. 51, fig. 11, 1944. 

Nodosaria alternata Carsey (as new sp.), Texas Univ. Bull. 2612,

p. 35, pi. 4, fig. 7/1926 (1927).

Nodosaria>intercostata Cushman (not Reuss), Tennessee Div. Geology Bull. 41, p. 31, pi. 4, figs. 1, 2, 1931. 

Nodosaria affinis Cushman (part) (not Reuss), Jour. Paleontology,

f vol. 5, p. 305, pi. 35, fig. 2 (not 3-5), 1931.

Dentalina pinnigera Sandidge, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 6, p. 274, 

pi. 42, figs. 11, 12, 1932.

Test .elongate, very slightly tapering, initial end with 

a single,' stout swine; chambers of fairly uniform size, 

increasing slightly in length and diameter as added; 

sutures distinct, slightly depressed; wall ornamented by 

a few distinct, longitudinal, platelike costae continuous 

over adjacent chambers, and between these, secondary
LAGENIDAE 65

costae, usually broken at the sutures; aperture radiate, 

terminal. Length up to 1.50 mm., diameter 0.25 mm.

This is a rather distinctive species with its peculiar 

arrangement of the costae. The last formed chambers 

may become globular and somewhat set off from each 

other by much-contracted necks. As specimens . are 

easily broken, these final chambers are usually missing. 

The species ranges from the upper beds of Austin age 

through those of Taylor age into the lower beds of 

Navarro age.

Examination of topotype material of both N. intercostata Reuss and N. aiternata Jones shows that the 

American material is identical with that of Jones from 

.the chalk of Ireland. There is some question whether 

this species should Joe placed under Dentalma or 

Nodosaria.

Navarro age. 

Saratoga chalk. Arkansas, Hempstead County. (80, 81); Howard

County (79). 

Ripley formation. Tennessee, McNairy County (94, 95); Hendersou County (96). 

Selma chalk (upper part). Mississippi, Prentiss County (91);

Union County (92). 

Neylandville marl. Texas, Red River County (50); Delta

County (52); Rockwall County (57); Kaufman County

(58, 60, 62); Navarro County (63, 66, 68, 69). 

Taylor age.

Upper part of Taylor marl. Texas, Red River County (106);

Lamar County (110); Hunt County (115); Collin County

(121); Rockwall County (124); Kaufman County (125,

127-129, 131); Navarro County (134); Milam County

(139); Williamson County (140, 142, 144); Travis County

(145, 149); Hays County (150); Bexar County (152, 158,

159, 161, 162).

Anacacho limestone (upper part). Texas, Bexar County (164). 

Ozan formation. Arkansas, Little River County (254). 

Marlbrook marl. Arkansas, Clark County; Howard County;

Hempstead County. 

Pecan Gap chalk member of Taylor marl. Texas, Rockwall

County (175); Delta County (165, 166). 

Annona chalk. Texas, Bowie Count}' (189); Red River County

(192, 193, 198). 

Selma chalk (middle part). Tennessee, Hardin County (255).

Mississippi, Prentiss County (261); Lee County (267). 

Lower part of Taylor marl. Texas, Lamar County (200); Collin

County (209, 210); Dallas County (219, 222, 224, 225, 227);

Kaufman County (228); McLennan County (241); Bell

County (245). 

Austin age. 

Gober tongue of Austin chalk. Texas, Lamar County (282-284,

287, 288).

Austin chalk. Texas, Dallas County (310). 

Brownstown marl. Texas, Red River County (319). 

Selma chalk (lower part). Mississippi, Itawamba County (351).

Dentalinu legumeii Reuss

Plate 23, figures 1, 2 

Dcntalina legumen'Reuss, Haidinger's Naturwiss. Abh.,'vol. 4, p.

10, pi. 1, fig. 14, 1851; Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-naturwiss.

Kl., Sitjsungsber., vol. 40, p. 187, pi. 3, fig. 5, 1860. 

Franke, Preuss. geol. Landesanstalt Abh., new ser., vol. Ill,

p. 27, pi. 2, fig. 23, 1928. 

Cushman, Tennessee Div. Geology. Bull. 41, p. 27, pi. 3, fig.

1, 1931. 

Cushman and Jarvis, U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc., vol. 80, art. 14,

p. 30, pi. 9, fig. 9, 1932. 

Brotzen, Sveriges geol. undersbkning, ser. C. No. 396, p. 75,

pi. 5, fig. 9, 1936. 

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 16,

p. 77, pi. 13, figs. 7, 8, 1940.

Cushman and Todd, idem. vol. 19, p. 57. pi. 10. fig. 5, 1943. 

Cushman, idem, vol. 20, p. 86, pi. 13, fig. 14, 1944. 

Dentalina nana Cushman (not Reuss), Tennessee Div. Geology

Bull. 41, p. 29, pi. 3, fig. 21, 1931.

This is a very variable species, originally described by 

Reuss from the Cretaceous of Lemberg. An examination 

of material from Lemberg shows that it is variable in the

obliquity of the sutures and in the amount of inflation 

of the chambers. The type figures of D. legumen Reuss 

and D. nana Reuss appear quite different, but, when 

larger series of specimens are studied, the American 

specimens at least seem to be variable enough to include 

both forms in one series. Figures of several specimens 

are given to show this variation.

Forms included under this name have a wide range 

in the American Cretaceous.

Navarro age.

Corsicana marl. Texas, Navarro County (26, 27); Limestone 

County (29, 30); Travis County (34, 36, 38); Bexar 

County (46).

Arkadelphia marl. Arkansas,, Hempstead County (70).

Prairie Bluff chalk. Alabama, Wilcox County (99); Sumter 

County (101).

Selma chalk (upper part). Mississippi, Prentiss County (91). 

Alabama, Marengp County (104).

Ripley formation. Mississippi, Pontotoc County (90). Tennessee, McNairy County (94); Henderson County (96).

Saratoga chalk. Arkansas, Hempstead County (81).

Neylandville marl. Texas, Hunt County (53); Kaufman County

(62). 

Taylor age.

Upper part of Taylor marl. Texas, Delta County (114); Collin 

County (122); Rockwall County (124); Kaufman County 

(128, 129); Navarro County (132);.Travis County (145); 

Hays County (150); Bexar County (159, 163).

Pecan Gap chalk member of Taylor marl. Texas, McLennan 

County (177).

Annona chalk. Texas, Bowie County (190).

Selma chalk (middle part). Tennessee, Hardin County (255). 

Mississippi, Alcorn County (257-259); Prentiss "County 

(260, 261); Lee County (264, 268).

Lower part of Taylor marl. Texas, Red River County (199); 

Lamar County (201); Fannin County (203); Delta County (206); Collin County (210, 212); Dallas .County (219, 

220, 222, 225); Kaufman County (228); Ellis County 

(232, 235); Hill County (237); McLennan County (238); 

Travis County (249). 

Austin age.

Gober tongue of Austin chalk. Texas, Lamar County (283-285).

Austin chalk. Texas, Grayson County (290); Dallas County 

(310, 311); Bell County (316).

Brownstown marl. Texas, Lamar County (320); Arkansas," 

Sevier County (347).

Selma chalk (lower part). Mississippi, Itawamba County (351); 

Lee County (350).

Dentalina gracilis D'Orbigny

Plate 23, figures 3-6 

Dentalina gracilis D'Orbigny, Soc. geol. France Mem., 1st ser.,

vol. 4, p. 14, pi. 1, fig. 5, 1840. 

Franke, Preuss. geol. Landesanstalt Abh., new ser., vol. Ill,

p. 29, pi. 2, fig. 22, 1928.

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 16, 

' p. 77, pi. 13, figs, ft-11, 1940. 

Cushman and Deaderick, idem, vol. 18, p. 57, pi. 11, fig. 4,

1942.

Cushman and Todd, idem, vol. 19, p. 57, pi. 10, fig. 6, 1943. 

Cushman, idem, vol. 20, p. 6, pi. 1, fig. 28, 1944; idem, vol. 

20, p. 86, pi. 13, fig. 12, 1944.

Under this name D'Orbigny figures a slender, somewhat curved species that corresponds well with some of 

our American forms. From a study of American material the species is very variable, and some of the variations are to be found on our plate. The range of such 

forms is wide, and later studies may show that they 

include more than one species.

Navarro age. 

Kemp clay. Texas, Navarro County (3); Williamson County

(12).

Corsicana marl. Texas, Limestone County (29, 30). 

Arkadelphia marl. Arkansas, Hempstead County (71). 

Prairie Bluff chalk. Mississippi, Chickasaw County (84, 85).

Alabama, Wilcox County (99); Sumter County (101-103).
66 UPPER CRETACEOUS FORAMINIFERA OF GULF COASTAL REGION

Taylor age.

U'pper part of Taylor marl. Texas, Hunt County (116); Collin

County (119); Rockwall County (124); Leon County

(138); Travis County (149); Bexar County (158, 160). 

Pecan Gap chalk member of Taylor marl. Texas, Delta County

(166).

Annona chalk. Texas, Red River County (193, 198). 

Lower part of Taylor marl. Texas, Red River County (199);

Collin County (209-211); Dallas County (220, 224, 227);

McLennan County (239, 240, 242). 

Austin age. 

Gober tongue of Austin chalk. Texas, Fannin County (274, 278,

281); Lamar County (286). 

Austin chalk. Texas, Grayson County (289, 291); Dallas County

(310). 

Brownstown marl. Texas, Red River County (319); Arkansas,

Sevier County..

. Bonham marl. Texas, Grayson County (328). 

Selma chalk (lower part). Mississippi, Lee County (350);

Itawamba County (351).

Deiitalina lorneiana D'Orbigny

Plate 23, figures 7-11 

Dentalina lorneiana D'Orbigny, Soc. geol. France Mem., 1st ser.',

vol. 4, p. 14, pi. 1, figs. 8, 9, 1840. 

Franke, Preuss. geol. Landesanstalt Abh., new ser., vol. Ill,

p. 28, pi. 2, fig. 29, 1928. - 

Cushman, Tennessee Div. Geology Bull. 41, p. 28, pi. 3,

figs. 4-7, 1931. 

Loetterle, Nebraska Geol. Survey Bull., 2d ser., Bull. 12,

p. 25, pi. 2, fig. 5, 1937. 

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 16,

p. 77, pi. 13, figs. 12-14, 1940. 

Cushman and Hedberg, idem, vol. 17, p. 89, pi. 21, figs. 27.

28, 1941. 

Cushman, idem, vol. 20, p. 6, pi. 1, fig. 24, 1944; idem, vol.

20, p. 86, pi. 13, fig. 11, 1944. 

Nodosaria lorneiana Reuss, Verstein. bohm. Kreideformation, pt. 1,

p. 27, pi. 8, fig. 5, 1845. 

Franke, Greifswald Univ., Geol.-palaeont. Inst., Abh., vol. 6,

p. 34, pi. 3, fig. 12, 1925.

Test elongate, slender, slightly curved, initial end 

usually broadly rounded; chambers increasing rapidly 

in length as added, diameter increasing very slowly, 

slightly inflated; sutures distinct, slightly depressed; 

wall smooth; aperture terminal, radiate. Length up to 

2.00 mm., diameter 0.15 to 0.18 mm.

The types of this species are from the Upper Cretaceous of the Paris Basin. It is widely distributed in 

Europe and America. It has been recorded from America also as D. legumen Reuss but is not that species. The 

range is evidently wide, as specimens referable to it occur 

in the Brownstown marl and Gober tongue of the Austin 

chalk, in both upper and lower parts of the Taylor, and 

in the lower part of the Navarro group.

Navarro age.

Nacatoch sand. Texas, Bowie County (47). 

Ripley formation. Tennessee, McNairy County (94, 95); Henderson County (96). 

Neylandville marl. Texas, Hunt County (53); Navarro County

(68). 

Taylor age.

Upper part of Taylor marl. Texas, Kaufman County (129);

Navarro County (134); Milam County (139). 

Pecan Gap chalk member of Taylor marl. Texas, Delta Count}'

(166).

Annona chalk. Texas, Red River County (192). 

Selma chalk (middle part). Tennessee, Hardin County (255). 

Lower part of Taylor marl., Texas, Collin County (208, 213);

Dallas County (225, 227); Travis County <247). 

Austin age. 

Gober tongue of Austin chalk. Texas, Fannin County (280);

Lamar County (283).

Austin chalk. Texas, Grayson County (290). 

Brownstown marl. Texas, Red River C9unty (318). 

Selma chalk (lower part). Mississippi, Lee County (350);

Itawamba County (351). 

Niobrara chalk. Nebraska.

Dentalina lorneiana D'Orbigny var. spirans Cushman

Plate 23, figure 12 

Denlalina legumen Reuss "var. spirans Cushman, Tennessee Div.

Geology Bull. 41, p. 28, pi. 3, fig. 2, 1931.' 

Jennings, Bull. Am. Paleontology, vol. 23, No. 78, p. 18,

pi. 2, fig. 7, 1936.

Dentalina lorneiana D'Orbigny, var. spirans Cushman, Cushman 

Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 16, p. 78, pi. 13, fig. 15,

1940.

Variety differing from the typical form in the ornamentation of the surface, which consists of elongate spiral 

costae, generally continuous over the adjacent chambers.

The types of the variety are from the Ripley formation, 

New Corinth highway 13% miles south of Selmer, 

McNairy County, Tenn. (94).

Dentalina reflexa Morrow

Plate 23, figures 13, 14 

Denlalina reflexa Morrow, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 8, p. 189, pi. 29,

figs. 5, 20, 1934. 

Loetterle, Nebraska Geol. Survey Bull., 2d ser., Bull. 12,

p. 24, pi. 2, fig. 4, 1937.

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 16, 

p. 79, pi. 13, figs. 16, 17, 1940.

Test elongate, slightly arcuate; successive chambers not increasing, appreciably in length and but very little in diameter; initial 

end pointed, curving slightly reverse to the main curvature of the 

test; chambers few, distinct, depressed, oblique, especially in early 

chambers; wall smooth. Length of holotype, 0.9 mm.; thickness 

0.16 mm.

The types are from the base.of the Niobrara formation, sec. 32, T. 11 S., R. 16 W., Ellis County, Kans. 

Loetterle records it. from the Niobrara formation of 

Nebraska.

The types are redrawn on our plate but are not very 

well preserved as to details, and the species must be left 

until more material is available.

Dentalina fallax Franke

Plate 23, figures 15-17 

Dentalina jallax Franke, Preuss. geol. Landesanstalt Abh., new ser.,

vol. Ill, p. 27, pi. 2, fig. 18, 1928.

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 16, 

p. 79, pi. 13, figs. 18-20, 1940.

Test elongate, very slightly tapering, initial end with 

a distinct spine; chambers distinct, proloculum usually 

larger than the next succeeding chambers, which are not 

inflated but are followed by chambers that are more 

inflated toward the apertural end, strongly overlapping; 

sutures distinct, earlier sutures not depressed but later 

sutures progressively more so; wall smooth; aperture 

terminal, radiate, with a slender neck. Length 0.70 to 

0.85 mm., diameter 0.18 to 0.20 mm.

The types are from the Upper Cretaceous of Germany. 

At a single locality in the upper part of the Taylor marl 

this species is fairly common but was not seen elsewhere. 

The horizon of the European specimens is close to that 

of the American specimens, and the species is to be 

looked for at other American localities in the upper part 

of the Taylor marl.

Taylor marl, upper part. Texas, Willamson County (142).

Dentalina basitorta Cushman

Plate 23, figures 18-20

Dentalina basitorta Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research 

Contr., vol. 14, p. 37, pi. 6, figs. 4, 5, 1938; idem, vol. 16, 

p. 80, pi. 13, figs. 21, 22, 1940. 

Cushman and Hedberg, idem, vol. 17, p. 88, pi. 21, fig. 24,

1941.

Cushman, idem, vol. 20, p. 6, pi. 1, fig. 25, 1944. 

Cushman and Deaderick, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 18, p. 332,

pi. 51, figs. 9, 10, 1944.
LAGENIDAE 67

Test elongate, slender, somewhat curved, initial end 

with a basal spine; early portion with the chambers 

somewhat twisted, later uniserial; chambers distinct, the 

earliest chambers elongate, twisted about the elongate 

axis or even appearing somewhat irregularly biserial, not 

inflated; later chambers strongly inflated, less overlapping; sutures distinct, earlier sutures very strongly 

oblique, not depressed, later sutures gradually less 

oblique and progressively more depressed; wall smooth; 

aperture terminal, radiate. Length up to 1.00 mm., 

diameter 0.18 mm.

The types are from a horizon near the top of the Sehna 

qhalk, Alpina road 2 miles south of Graham, Union 

County, Miss. (92). It also occurs at several localities 

in beds of Taylor age. It is possible that the. type 

locality is really of Taylor age. It also occurs in the 

Cretaceous of Colombia.

Dentalina basitorta differs from D. legumen Reuss in 

the early stages, which in D. basitorta are very peculiarly 

twisted and have the sutures very oblique. These 

peculiar features are held in all the specimens to a greater 

or lesser degree and should make this species easily 

recognizable and perhaps a good index fossil for the 

Taylor marl.

Navarro age. Selma chalk (upper part). Mississippi, Union

County (92). 

Taylor age. 

Upper part of Taylor marl. Texas, Lamar County (110);

Bexar County (158). 

Pecan Gup chalk member of Taylor marl. Texas, Delta County

(166). 

, Marlbrook marl. Arkansas, Howard County; Hempstend

County.

Selma chalk (middle part). Mississippi, Union County (262). 

Lower part of Taylor marl. Texas, Delta County (206).

Dentalina aculeata D'Orbigny

Plate 26, figures 17, 18 

Dentalina aculeata D'Orbigny, Soc. geol. France Mem., 1st ser.,

vol. 4, p. 13, pi. 1, figs. 2, 3, 1840. 

Reuss. in Geinitz, Grundriss der Verstein., p. 654, pi; 24,

fig. 10, 1845-46. 

D'Orbigny, Prodrome de paleontologie stratigraphique universelle des animaux mollusques et rayonnes, vol. 2, p.

280, No. 1353, 1850. 

Reuss, Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-naturwiss. Kl., Sitzungsber.,

vol. 40, p. 189, 1860; idem, vol. 46, pt. 1, 1862, p. 44 (1863). 

Franke, Naturh. Ver. preuss. Rheinlande vi. Westfalens Verh,.

69 Jahrg. vol. 59, 1912, p. 268 (1913). 

Cushman, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 6, p. 335, pi. 50, fig. 7,

1932; Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 20,

p. 6, pi. 2, fig. 11, 1944.

A few incomplete American specimens may be referred 

to the species described by D'Orbigny from the Senonian 

of the Paris Basin and later recorded several times from 

the Upper Cretaceous of Europe. The chambers are 

more pyriform than in Nodosaria aspera Reuss. 

D'Orbigny's species may possibly represent the free end 

chambers of a Ramulina. No complete specimens have 

as yet been obtained.

This species, with distribution of the specimens, is 

again referred to under Ramulina (p. 100).

Taylor age. 

Pecan Gap chalk member of Taylor marl. Texas, Delta County

(165, 166). 

Annona chalk. Texas, Red River County (188a).

Dentalina multicostata D'Orbigny

Plate 23, figures 21-23 

Dentalina multicostata D'Orbigny, Soc. geol. France Mem., 1st ser.,

vol. 4, p. 15, pi. 1, figs. 14, 15, 1840.

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 16, 

p. 80, pi. 13, figs. 23-25, 1940.

Specimens from the upper part of the Taylor marl of 

Texas seem to be identical with this species, described 

by D'Orbigny from the Upper/Cretaceous chalk of the 

Paris Basin. The stratigraphic position in the two areas 

is consistent.

Although none of our specimens is complete, enough 

is present to show that the species is gently tapering, 

with globular chambers rather closely set, and the wall 

ornamented by numerous distinct longitudinal costae, 

which may be somewhat oblique. From what is known 

of its occurrence, this species should be a good index 

fossil for beds of Taylor age.

Taylor marl. 

Upper part. Texas, Red River County (106); Lamar County

(110); Navarro County. (132); Bexar County (152). 

Lower part. Texas, Delta County (206).

Dentalina megalopolitaiia Reuss

Plate 23, figures 24-26 

Dentalina megalopolitaiia Reuss, Deutsche geol. Gesell. Zeitschr.,

vol. 7, p. 267, pi. 8, fig. 10, 1855. 

Cushman, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 5, p.. 304, pi. 34, fig. 17,

1931; Tennessee Div. Geology Bull. 41, p. 29, pi. 3, fig. 8,

1931; Jour. Paleontology, vol. 6, p. 335, 1932. 

Cushman and Jaryis, U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc., vol. 80, art. 14,

p. 29, pi. 9, fig. 5, 1932. 

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 16,'

p. 80, pi. 13, figs. 26-28, 1940; idem, vol. 20, p. 7, pi. 1,

fig. 27, 1944. 

Cushman and Deaderick, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 18, p. 332,

ph 51, fig. 8, 1944. 

Cushman and Goudkoff, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research

Contr., vol. 20, p. 56, pi. 9, fig. 11, 1944.

Test large, fairly stout, tapering, slightly fusiform, 

greatest breadth developed before the last-formed chamber in the adult; chambers numerous, not inflated, distinct, of uniform shape, gradually increasing in size^as 

added,, the later chambers in many specimens slightly 

decreasing; sutures distinct, not depressed, slightly 

oblique; wall smooth; aperture radiate, slightly protuberant at the inner angle of the terminal face of the 

last-rformed chamber. Length up to 2.00 mm., breadth 

up to 0.30 mm.

The American specimens agree with those of the European Cretaceous. Most of the American records are 

from the upper beds of Taylor age. Specimens referred 

to the species from the Cretaceous of Trinidad are not 

so typical as those from the Taylor.

Upper Cretaceous. ? Pit at Lizard Springs, near Guayaguayare,

southeastern Trinidad.

Velasco shale. ?Hacienda el Limon, Mexico. 

Upper Cretaceous. California. 

Navarro age. 

Saratoga chalk. Arkansas, Howard County (79); Hempstead

County (81).

Neylandville marl. Texas, Rockwall County (57). 

Taylor age. 

Upper part of Taylor marl. Texas, Rockwall County (124);

Limestone County (136); Williamson County (142). 

Pecan Gap chalk member of Taylor marl. Texas, Delta County

(165). 

Marlbrook marl. Arkansas, Clark County; Howard County;

Hempstead County.

Annona chalk. Texas, Red River County (196, 197). 

Selma chalk (middle part). Tennessee, Hardin County (255). 

Mississippi, Alcorn County (259).

Dentalina catenula Reuss

Plate 23, figures 27-32 

Dentalina, catenula Reuss, Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-naturwiss. Kl.,

.Sitzurigsber., vol. 40, p. 185, pi. 3, fig. 6, 1860. 

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 16, 

p. 81, pi. 13, figs. 29-34, 1940; idem, vol. 20. p. 7, pi. 1, 

fig. 30, 1944.
68 UPPER CRETACEOUS FORAMINIFERA OF GULF COASTAL REGION

Test elongate, tapering, slightly curved, initial end 

usually with a distinct spine; chambers pyriform, somewhat overlapping, increasing rather uniformly in size as 

added, of uniform shape, greatest diameter below the 

middle, more tapering toward the apertural end; sutures 

distinct, strongly depressed; wall smooth; aperture 

terminal, radiate. Length up to 2.00 mm., diameter 

0.35 to 0.45 mm.

The types of this species are from the Upper Cretaceous of Westphalia, Germany. The American material has been compared with topotype material and 

seems identical. In the Gulf Coastal Plain the species is 

widely distributed and is confined to the middle and 

upper beds of Taylor .age, with occasional specimens in 

the Neylandville marl of the lower part of the Navarro 

group.

The species varies in the amount of overlapping of the 

chambers and in the early portion in the microspheric 

and megalospheric forms as will be seen by the figures 

on our plate.

From a study of topotype material it seems that the 

species described by Reuss in 1845 as Nodosaria oligostegia from the Cretaceous of Bohemia differs from this 

but that the material he referred to D. oligostegia in 1851 

from the Cretaceous of Lemberg is the same as D. 

catenula. . '

Navarro age. Neylandville marl. Texas, Navarro County (63). 

Taylor age.

Upper part of Taylor marl. Texas, Red River County (106, 

107); Lamar County (110); Hunt County (115); Collin 

County (121); Rockwall County (123, 124); Kaufman 

County (129, 131); Navarro County (132); Bexar County 

(152, 158, 159, 161).

Ozan formation. Arkansas, Little River County (254).

Pecan Gap chalk member of Taylor marl. Texas, Hunt County 

(168); Kaufman County (173); McLennan County (177); 

Falls County (178); Delta County (166).

Selma chalk of Pecan Gap chalk age. Alabama, Marengo County (256).

Wolfe City sand member of Taylor marl. Texas, Collin County 

(181).

Annona chalk. Texas, Bowie County (189, 190); Red River 

County (195, 198).

Lower part of Taylor marl. Texas, .Ellis County (234); McLennan County (238); Bell County (245).

Deiitaliiia ba&iplanata Cushman

Plate 24, figures 1-6 

Dentalina annulata Cushman (not Reuss), Tennessee Div. Geology

Bull. 41, p. 28, pi. 3, fig. 3, 1931. 

Dentalina reussi Plummer (not Neugeboren), Texas Univ. Bull.

3101, p. 151, pi. 11, fig. 5, 1931. 

Sandidge, Jour. Paleontology, .vol. 6, p. 274, pi. 42, fig. 10,

1932.

Dentalina basiplanata Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research 

Contr., vol. 14, p. 38, pi. 6, figs. 6-8, 1938; idem, vol. 16, 

p. 82, pi. 14, figs. 1-6, 1940. 

Cushman and Hedberg, idem, vol. 17, p. 88, pi. 21, fig. 23.

1941.

Cushman and Todd, idem, vol.- 19, p. 56, pi. 10, fig. 7, 1943. 

Cushman and Deaderick, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 18, p. 333, 

pi. 51, figs. 17, 18, 1944. .

Test very elongate, slightly tapering, usually slightly 

curved; early portion showing oblique costae that indicate coiling, especially in the microspheric form, often 

slightly compressed; chambers distinct, earlier chambers 

not inflated, later chambers become increasingly inflated 

as added; earlier chambers much more strongly overlapping; sutures distinct, somewhat limbate, earlier sutures flush with the surface, oblique, later sutures progressively more depressed and more nearly at right angles 

to the elongate axis; wall smooth, or the earliest portion

sometimes slightly roughened; aperture terminal, radiate. 

Length up to 2.50 mm., diameter 0.20 to 0.25 mm.

The types are from the Corsicana marl in a clay pit 

2 miles south of Corsicana Courthouse, Navarro County, 

Tex.

This species is often very abundant in the Corsicana 

marl, Kemp clay, and Arkadelphia marl. Specimens 

occur less commonly in the lower beds of Navarro age, 

and there are rare specimens from beds of Taylor age. 

Specimens in the Upper Cretaceous of Mexico .may be 

referred here also. , . D. basiplanata differs from D. annulata Reuss in the 

less tapering test, more limbate sutures, and the peculiarly compressed chambers of the early stages.

Some of the specimens from the Selma chalk that have 

been referred to D. megalopolitana Reuss also belong 

here, as well as those from the Saratoga chalk referred 

to under the same name (Cushman, Jour. Paleontology, 

vol. 5, p. 304, pi. 34, fig. 17, 1931).

Navarro age. 

Kemp clay. Texas, Navarro County (3, 4); Williamson County

(11); Travis County (13, 14, 17); Guadalupe County (21). 

Corsicana marl. Texas, Hunt County (24); Navarro County

(25-27); Limestone County (29-31); Falls.County (32);

Travis County (34-37, 39, 40); Caldwell County (44);

Bexar County (46).

Arkadelphia marl. Arkansas, Hempstead County (70, 72, 73). 

Prairie Bluff chalk. Mississippi, Chickasaw County (86). Alabama, Wilcox County (100). 

Nacatoch sand. Arkansas) White County (76). 

Saratoga chalk. Arkansas, Clark : County (78); Hempstead

County (80). 

Ripley formation. Tennessee, McNairy County (95); Henderson County '(96). . Selma chalk (upper part). Mississippi, Prentiss County (91);

Union County (92). Tennessee, McNairy County (98). 

Neylandville marl. Texas, Red River County (50); Hunt

County (53); Rockwall County (57); Kaufman County

(61); Navarro ,County (63, 69). .. i 

Taylor age. :: Upper part of Taylor marl. Texas, Delta County (114); Collin

County (121); Kaufman County (125, 128); Navarro

County (134); Milam County (139); Bexar County (162). 

Pecan Gap chalk member of Taylor marl.'. Texas, McLennan

County (177). 

Wolfe City sand member of Taylor marl. Texas, Collin County

(181). 

Marlbrook marl. Arkansas, Clark County; Howard County;

Hempstead County.

Annona chalk. Texas, Bowie County (189). 

Selma chalk (middle part). Tennessee, Hardin County (255).

Mississippi, Alcorn County (258); Prentiss County (261);

Union County (262); Lee County (264, 267, 268). 

Lower part of Taylor marl. Texas, Delta County (206).

Dentalina confluens Reuss

. Plate. 24, figures 9-12 

Dentalina confluens Reuss, Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-naturwiss. Kl.,

Sitzungsber., vol. 44, pt. 1, 1861, p. 335, pi. 7, fig. 5 (1862). 

Franke, Preuss. geol. Landesanstalt Abh., new ser. vol. Ill,

p. 36, pi. 3, fig. 14, 1928. 

Cushman, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 5, p. 304, pi. 35, fig. 1,

1931.

Sandidge, idem, vol. 6, p. 273, pi. 42, fig. 9, 1932. 

Cushman and Jarvis, U. S. Nat. Mus. Prdc., vol. 80, art. 14

p. 30, pi. 9, figs. 10-12, 1932. 

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 16

p. 82, pi. 14, figs. 9-12, 1940.

The above-mentioned references give the records for 

this species, originally described from Cretaceous greensands of New Jersey. As the types are not available, 

various forms.have been, placed under the name. Most 

of these are slightly tapering, with -longitudinal costae 

somewhat twisted and unbroken at the sutures. The 

series of specimens assigned to the species in ^the present 

material are mostly from beds of Navarro age, and from
LAGENIDAB 69

the upper beds of Taylor age, but they may well represent more than one species. Similar specimens occur in 

the Upper Cretaceous beds in the pit at Lizard Springs, 

near Guayaguayare, southeastern Trinidad. Larger 

series of specimens are necessary to give the full details 

of variation.

Navarro age.

Corsicana marl. Texas, Travis County (34).

Prairie Bluff chalk. Mississippi, Chickasaw County (85).

Saratoga- chalk. Arkansas, Howard County (79); Hempstead 

County (81).

Selma chalk (upper part). Alabama, Marengo County (104).

Neylandville marl. Texas, Kaufman County (63). 

Taylor marl.

Upper part. Texas, Kaufman County (128).

Lower part. Texas, Delta County (206).

Dciitulina solvata Cushniaii

Plate 24, figures 13-17, 22

Duntalina solvata Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research 

Contr., vol. 14, p. 39, pi. 6, figs. 9-14, 1938; idem, vol. 16, 

p. 83, pi. 14, figs. 13-17, 1940; idem, vol. 20, p. 7, pi. 1, 

fig. 29, 1944.

Cushman and Deaderick, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 18, p. 333, 

pi. 51, figs. 12, 13, 1944.

Test, elongate, slender, slightly curved, initial end with 

a short spine; chambers distinct, early chambers slightly 

overlapping, gradually increasing in size as added and 

becoming less overlapping until in the adult they are in 

a loose series, somewhat longer than broad, connected 

by narrow, stolonlike portions; sutures distinct, strongly 

limbate, more and more depressed as growth proceeds; 

wall in the early portion with 8 to 10 longitudinal costae, 

in the later chambers the main surface smooth, but the 

costae persisting over the sutures; aperture terminal, 

radiate. Length up to 3.00 mm., diameter 0.20 to 0.22 

mm.

The types are from the Selma chalk in a gully near a 

public road 3% miles northwest of Booneville, Miss.

The species occurs at a number of localities in the 

upper beds of Taylor age and in the lower beds of 

Navarro age, as well as at scattered localities elsewhere.

The later chambers become much separated from each 

other, and the connecting stolons are easily broken so 

that perfect specimens are very rare.

Navarro age. Selma chalk (upper part). Mississippi, Prentiss

County (91). 

Taylor age.

Upper part of Taylor marl. Texas, Red River County (106,

107); Kaufman County (128); Navarro County (134);

Leon County (138); Milam County (139); Bexar County

(152, 158).

Pecan Gap chalk member of Taylor marl. Texas, Delta County

(166).

Marlbrook marl. Arkansas, Hempstead County. 

Annona chalk. Texas, Bowie County (189). 

Austin age. 

Gober tongue of Austin chalk. Texas, Lamar County (284).

Dentaliiia criiiita Plummer

Plate 24, figures 29, 30 

Dentalina crinita Plummer, Texas, Univ. Bull. 3101, p. 154, pi. 11,

figs. 12, 13, 1931.

Sandidge, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 6, p. 274, pi. 42, fig. 5, 1932. 

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 16,

p. S3, pi. 14, figs. 28, 29, 1940. 

Cushman and Todd, idem, vol. 19, p. 57, pi. 10, fig. 8, 1943.

Test very elongate, slender,- of nearly uniform diameter 

throughout; chambers distinct, earliest chambers not 

inflated,- much overlapping, later chambers gradually 

more inflated and less overlapping, one side in many 

specimens flattened and the other convex; sutures distinct, slightly limbate, slightly if at all oblique, later 

sutures depressed; wall in the earliest portion smooth, 

later with a fine ornamentation consisting mostly of 

irregular spinose projections arranged more or less in 

longitudinal lines; aperture terminal. Length up to 3.00 

mm., diameter 0.18 to 0.22 mm.

The types are from the Corsicana marl in a pit of the 

Corsicana Brick Co. about 2 miles south of Corsicana, 

Navarro County, -Tex.

The species evidently has a rather Ipng range for one 

so highly ornamented. Specimens that have been placed 

under this specific name were obtained from various 

units of Navarro age, Arkadelphia marl, Kemp clay, 

Corsicana marl, Nacatoch sand, Saratoga chalk, and 

Neylandville marl, and from a number of localities in 

beds of Taylor age. ;

The very elongate test is distinctive, but the ornamentation is subject to considerable variation, from nearly 

smooth to a highly ornamented test.

Navarro age. 

Kemp clay. Texas, Navarro County (3, 4); Williamson County

(11); Guadalupe County (18). 

Corsicana marl. Texas, Hunt County (24); Navarro County

(25-27); Limestone County (30, 31); Travis County (35,

36, 39, 41).

Arkadelphia marl. Hempstead County (70, 72, 73). 

Prairie Bluff chalk. Mississippi, Chickasaw County (87). 

Nacatoch sand. Arkansas, White County (76). 

Saratoga chalk. Arkansas, Hempstead County (81). 

Ripley formation. Tennessee, Henderson County (96). 

Selma chalk (upper part). Mississippi, Prentisa County (91);

Union County (92).

Neylandville marl. Texas, Red River County (50); Delta County (51, 52); Hunt County (53, 55); Rockwall County (57);

Kaufman County (58, 62?); Navarro County (68?). 

Taylor age. 

Upper part of Taylor marl. Texas, Red .River County (105);

Lamar County (110); Hunt County (115); Rockwall

Comity (124); Kaufman County (125?); Navarro County

(134); Leon County (138); Williamson County (142);

Travis County (145); Bexar County (152, 158, 159, 162). 

Anacacho limestone (upper part). Texas, Bexar County (164). 

Selma chalk of Pecan Gap chalk age. Alabama, Marengo

County (256). 

Selma chalk (middle part). Mississippi, Alcorn County (259);

Prentiss County (260, 261); Union County (262); Lee

County (265). 

Annona chalk. Texas, Bowie County (190); Red River County

(196, 198). 

Lower part of Taylor marl. Texas, Delta County (206); Bell

County (245).

Dentalina cf. D. consobrina D'Orbigny

Plate 24, figures 23-27

To this species are referred specimens, most of which 

are incomplete, showing the earliest chamber with usually 

a basal spine and succeeding chambers rapidly increasing 

in length as the test develops. The apertural end is not 

well preserved in any of our specimens. In sonic respects 

they resemble D. lorneiana D'Orbigny, but the chambers 

become much more elongate. Specimens from Tennessee 

have already been referred to this species (Cushman, 

Tennessee Div. Geology Bull. 41, p. 30, pi. 3, figs. 13-15. 

1931), from Trinidad (Cushman and Jarvis, U. S. Nat. 

Mus. Proc., vol. 80, art. 14, p. 29, pi. 9, figs. 6, 7, 1932), 

from Colombia (Cushman and Hedberg, Cushman Lab. 

Foram. Research Contr., vol. 17, p. 89, pi. 21, figs. 30, 

31, 1941), from the Corsicana marl (Cushman and Todd, 

idem, vol. 19, p. 57, 1943), and from Peru (Frizzell, Jour. 

Paleontology, vol. 17, p. 344, pi. 56, fig. 5, 1943).

Specimens occur in the upper beds of Taylor age and 

Selma chalk with a few specimens from beds of Navarro 

age, in the. Corsicana marl and Kemp clay. Besides 

Trinidad it occurs in the Velasco shale of Mexico.
70 UPPER CRETACEOUS FORAMINIFERA OF GULF COASTAL REGION

Nayarro age.

Kemp clay. Texas, Guadalupe County (18).

Corsicana marl. Texas, Travis County (42).

Ripley formation. Tennessee, McNairy County (94). 

Taylor age.

Upper part of Taylor marl. Red River County (106); Milam 

County (139); Bexar County (160).

Selma chalk (middle part). Tennessee, Hardin County (255).

Dentalina pertiiieiis Cushmaii

Plate 24, figures 18-21

Dentalina per Linens Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research 

Contr., vol. 14, p. 40, pi. 6, figs. 15-18, 1938; idem, vol. 16, 

p. 84, pi. 14, figs. 18-21, 1940.

Test rather short, tapering, especially in the microspheric form, which is pointed and very narrow in the 

early portion; greatest breadth toward the apertural end; 

chambers of the early portion indistinct and not inflated, 

later inflated and less overlapping; sutures distinct except in the early portion, slightly limbate, progressively 

more depressed toward the apertural end; wall ornamented by very fine, numerous longitudinal costae, 

twisted, particularly so in the earlier portion, running 

from the initial end to the aperture independent of the 

sutures; aperture terminal, radiate, excentric, slightly 

projecting. Length up to 1.00 mm., diameter 0.30 mm.

The types are from the upper part of the Taylor marl 

on the road to Corsicana 2.6 miles east of Barry, Navarro 

County, Tex. (132).

This species differs from D. multicostata D'Orbigny in 

the -much smaller size, finer costae, and very decided 

twist to the ornamentation, especially in the early portion. Besides the upper part of the Taylor, it occurs 

in the Selma chalk of Mississippi in material of early 

Navarro age.

Navarro age. Selma chalk (upper part). Mississippi, Prentiss

County (91). 

Taylor marl, upper part. Texas, Navarro County (132).

Dentalina delicatula Cushman

Plate 25, figures 1-6

Dentalina delicatula Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research 

Contr., vol. 14, p. 40, pi. 6, figs. 19, 20, 1938; idem, vol. 16, 

p. 85, pi. 15, figs. 1-6, 1940. ' 

Cushman and Todd, idem, vol. 19, p. 57, pi. 10, fig. 9, 1943.

Test elongate, slender, gently curved, initial end with 

a distinct spine, very slightly tapering; chambers distinct, 

earlier chambers not inflated, somewhat overlapping, increasing very slightly in height as added until, in the 

adult, becoming more remote and strongly inflated, 

somewhat pyriform; sutures distinct, limbate, later sutures somewhat depressed; wall ornamented with numerous (15 to 20) rather high, platelike, longitudinal 

costae, somewhat less raised and more delicate on the 

final chambers, independent of the 'sutures; aperture 

terminal, radiate, with a tapering neck. Length up to 

1.60 mm., diameter 0.20-mm.

The types are frcim the Corsicana marl 35 feet above 

the.base of a bluff on Onion Creek 2% miles west of .old 

Garfield, Travis County, Tex.

In some respects this species resembles D. alternata 

(Jones) Plummer, but it is a more delicate, thinnerwalled form, with a larger number of costae. It seems 

to be characteristic of the Corsicana marl.

Navarro age.

Kemp clay. Texas, Williamson County (11). 

Corsicana marl. Texas, Navarro County (26, 27); Limestone 

County (30, 31); Travis County (35, 36, 40); Caldwell 

County (44).

Dentalina angusticostata Cushman

Plate 24, figures 7, 8

Dentalina angusticostata Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 14, p. 41, pi. 6, figs. 21, 22, 1938; idem, 

vol. 16,'p. 85, pi. 14, figs. 7, 8, 1940. 

Cushman and Todd, idem, vol. 19, p. 57, pi. 10, fig. 10, 1943.

Test elongate, slender, slightly curved, very gradually 

tapering; chambers distinct, somewhat inflated, somewhat 

fusiform, longer than broad, only slightly overlapping,' 

increasing very gradually in size as added; sutures distinct, depressed, somewhat limbate; wall ornamented 

with very numerous longitudinal costae that continue 

across the sutures to the apertural end; aperture radiate, 

the apertural chamberlet somewhat projecting. Length 

up to 3.00 mm. or more, diameter up to 0.30 mm.

The types are from Corsicana marl of the Navarro 

group, Mexia highway at the forks of Wortham road 2.8 

miles east-southeast of Cooledge, Limestone County, Tex.

This species differs from D. multicostata D'Orbigny in 

the more slender test, more fusiform chambers, and very 

abundant and narrow costae.

Navarro age. Corsicana marl. Texas, Limestone County (29, 

30); Travis County (36).

Dentalina sp.

Plate 25, figure 7 

Dentalina catenula Cushman and Jarvis' (not Reuss), LT . S..Nat.

Mus. Proc., vol. 80, art. 14, p. 29, pi. 9, figs. 8a, b, 1932. 

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 16, 

p. 86, pi. 15, fig. 7,1940.

A figure is given of a peculiar dentaline form with a 

narrow elongate aperture at one side of the final chamber 

,and the base with a distinct spine.

It is from the Upper Cretaceous of Trinidad. A somewhat similar form occurs in the Velasco shale of Mexico:

Genus NODOSAEIA Lamarck, 1812 

Nodosaria affinis Reuss

Plate 25, figures 8-23 

Nodosaria affinis Reuss, Versteiu. bohm. Kreideformation, pt. 1,

p. 26, pi. XIII, fig. 16, 1845; Palaeontographica, vol. 20,

pt. 2, 1872-75, p. 83, pi. II (20), fig. 12 (1874). 

Perner, Foram. Ceskeho Cenomanu, p. 57, pi. 6, figs. 10, 14a,

b, 1892. 

Franke, Greifswald Univ., Geol.-palaeont. Inst., Abh., vol. 6,

p. 37, pi. 3, fig. 25, 1925. 

W. Berry and Kelley, U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc., vol. 76, art. 19,

p. 6, pi. 1, fig. 8, 1929. 

Cushman, Tennessee Div. Geology Bull. 41, p. 30, pi. 3, figs.

16-20, 1931; Jour. Paleontology, vol. 5, p. 305, pi. 35, figs.

3-5 (not fig. 2), 1931; Cushman Lab. Foram. Research

Contr., vol. 7, p. 38, pi. 5, fig. 4, 1931. 

Cushman and Jarvis, U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc., vol. 80, art. 14,

p. 34, pi. 10, fig. 13, 1932. 

Cushman, Geol. Soc. America Bull., vol. 47, p. 417, 1936;

Cushman Lab; Foram. Research Contr., vol. 16, p. 86,

pi. 15, figs. 8-23, 1940.

Cushman and Todd, idem, vol. 19, p. 57, pi. 10, fig. 11, 1943. 

Cushman. idem, vol. 20, p. 7, pi. 2, fig. 1, 1944; idem, vol.

20, p. 87, pi. 13, fig. 18, 1944. 

Cushman and Deaderick. Jour. Paleontology, vol. 18, p. 333

pi. 51, figs. 19-21, 1944. 

Nodosaria proximo W. Berry and Kelley (not Silvestri), U. S. Nat.

Mus. Proc., vol. 76, art. 19, p. 7, pi. 1, fig. 13, 1929.

Test elongate, of differing shape in the microspheric 

and megalospheric forms; the former with many chambers and tapering, the greatest width near the apertural 

.end; the latter with the chambers of nearly uniform 

diameter throughout; chambers distinct, inflated, especially toward the apertural end, initial end usually with a 

stout spine; sutures distinct, depressed, often somewhat 

limbate; wall ornamented by numerous (usually 13 to 

15) longitudinal costae, continuous over the adjacent
LAGENIDAE 71

chambers, usually sharp and platelike; aperture radiate, 

terminal, with a slight projection of the apertural face. 

Length up to 2.00 mm. or more, diameter normally about 

0.30 mm., but in extreme megalospheric forms may be as 

much as 0.75 mm.

This species was described from the Cretaceous of 

Bohemia. An examination of specimens named by Reuss 

in the collection at Dresden shows that the American 

material is to be included in his species. Specimens 

show great variation, from microspheric specimens with 

very slender early stages increasing gradually to the 

largest chamber at the apertural end, to megalospheric 

forms with very large proloculum and only 2 or 3 succeeding chambers that become rapidly much smaller. 

The microspheric form is often somewhat curved. The 

species apparently ranges throughout the Upper Cretaceous above the Eagle Ford shale.

Navarro age.

Ivemp Clay. Texas, Navarro County (3); Williainson County 

(11); Travis County (13); Guadalupe County (18, 21).

Corsicana marl. Texas, Hunt County (24); Navarro County 

(25-27); Limestone County (29-31); Travis County (34- 

36, 39-41); Caldwell County (44); Bexar County (46).

Arkadelphia marl. Arkansas, Hempstead County (70, 72, 73). 

' Prairie Bluff chalk.' Mississippi, Chickasaw County (85-87). 

Alabama, Wilcox County (99); Sumter County (102).

Saratoga chalk. Arkansas, Clark County (78); Howard County 

(79); Hempstead County (80-82).

Riplcy formation. Tennessee, McNairy County (94, 95); Henderson County (96).

Selma chalk (upper part). Mississippi, Prentiss County (91); 

Union County (92). Tennessee, McNairy County (98).

Neylandville marl. Texas, Delta County (51, 52); Hunt County (54); Rockwall County (57.); Kaufman County (58, 

60-62); Navarro County (63, 64, 67, 68). 

Taylor age.

Upper part of Taylor marl. Texas, Red River County (107, 

109);-Lamar County (110); Hunt County (115); Collin 

County (121, 122); Rockwall County (124); Kaufman 

County (125, 127-129, 131); Navarro.County (134); Limestone County (136); Leon County (138),; Milam County 

(139); Williamson County (142); Travis County (145); 

Cuadalupe County (151); Bexar County (152, 155, 158).

Anacacho limestone (upper part). Texas, Bexar County (164).

Marlbrook marl. Arkansas, Clark County; Howar.d County; 

Hempstead County.

Ozan formation. Arkansas, Sevier County (253); Little River 

County (254).

Pecan Gap chalk member of Taylor marl. Texas, Rockwall 

County (175); McLennan County (177); Delta County 

(165, 166).

Selma chalk of Pecan Gap chalk age. Alabama, Marengo 

County (256).

Selma chalk (middle part).. Tennessee, Hardin County (255). 

Mississippi, Alcorn County (257-259); Prentiss County 

(260, 261); Union County (262); Lee County (264-268).

Wolfe City sand member of Taylor marl. Texas, Collin County 

(180-182); Hunt County (186); Navarro County (188).

Annona chalk. Texas, Bowie County (189, 190); Red River 

County (192, 193, 196, 198).

Lower part of Taylor marl. Texas, Delta County (206); Collin 

County (207, 209); Dallas County (223); Ellis County 

(234); McLennan County (239, 243); Bell County (245); 

Travis County (247, 249). 

Austin age.

Burditt marl (of Aclkins). Texas, Bell County (269).

Gober tongue of Austin chalk. Texas, Fannin County (275, 

277, 278, 280); Lamar County (288).

Austin chalk. Texas, Grayson County (290, 291); Collin County 

(292, 293, 295, 324); Dallas County (296, 300-303, 305-308, 

311, 326); Hill County (313, 314); Bell County (316).

Brownsto\yn marl. Texas, Lamar County (320). Arkansas, 

Sevier County (347).

Selma chalk (lower part)- Mississippi, Lee County (350).

Lower part of Austin chalk. Texas, Collin County (337); Dallas County (339).

Nodosaria distans Reuss

Plate 26, figures 1, 2 

Nodosaria distans Reuss, Deutsche geol. Gessell, Zeitschr., vol. 7,

p. 264, pi. 8, fig. 5, 1855. 

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 16,

p. 87, pi. 15, figs. 24, 25, 1940. 

Frizzell, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 17, p. 345, pi. 56, fig. 14,

1943.

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 20, 

p. 87, pi. 13, figs. 19-21, 1944.

A fragmentary specimen from the Cretaceous of 

Germany is figured by Reuss under this name. It 

represents the adult portion, with chambers somewhat 

separated by stolonlike connections. ' The surface is 

ornamented by longitudinal costae, not interrupted at the 

sutures, and the chambers are polygonal in transverse 

section.

Similar specimens are present in American material, 

particularly that from the upper portion of the Austin 

chalk and the lower part of the Taylor marl-, and are 

recorded from the Cretaceous of Peru.

Taylor marl, lower part. Texas, McLennan County (241); Falls

County (244). 

Austin age. 

Burditt marl (of Adkins). Texas, Bell County (269); Travis

County (270). 

Gober tongue of Austin chalk. Texas, Fannin County (277,

280).

Austin chalk. Texas, Dallas County (297, 342). 

Selma chalk (lower part). Mississippi, Lee County (350); 

Itawamba County (351).

Nodosaria alternistriata Morrow

Plate 26, figures 3, 4 

Nodosana altemistriata Morrow, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 8, p. 190,

pi. 29, figs, la, b, 1934.

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 16.

p. 88, pi. 15, figs. 26, 27, 1940; idem, vol. 20, p. 87, 1944^

Test elongate, tapering, initial end bluntly pointed; chambers

few, slightly inflated, rather irregular in size; sutures slightly

depressed, tending to be obscured by the surface ornamentation;

wall ornamented by numerous weak, parallel, longitudinal costae

which extend the full length of the test or are broken partially at

the sutures; costae alternate stronger and weaker; aperture radiate,

terminal. Length of holotype 0.75 mm.; diameter 0.15 mm.

The type is from the Upper Cretaceous, basal Nio- 

.brara, SEy4 sec. 12, T. 12 S., R. 17 W., Ellis County, 

Kans. It has been redrawn in our plate.

In some respects this species closely resembles N. 

fusula Reuss and may possibly be identical. 

Austin age?

Selma chalk (lower part). Mississippi, Lee County (350).

Nodosaria fusula Reuss

Plate 26, figure 5 

Nodosana jusula Reuss, Palaeontographica, vol. 20, pt. 2, 1872-75.

P; 82, pi. 11(20), fig. 9 (1874).

Franke, Preuss. geol. Landesanstalt Abh., new ser., vol. 111. 

' p. 49, pi. 4, fig. 3, 1928.

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 16, 

p. 88, pi. 16, fig. 1, 1940; idem, vol. 20, p. 87, pi. 13, fig. 15. 

1944.

V

The figures of this species show a form somewhat 

similar to N. amphioxys Reuss but with a larger number 

of costae and the chambers slightly more cylindical. 

Specimens referable to this species occur rarely at a 

number of localities in the lower beds of Taylor age and 

in beds of Austin age. N. fitsula and N. amphioxys were 

found together in Reuss's material, but the two forms as 

distinguished here seem to have distinct ranges.
72 UPPER CRETACEOUS FORAMINIFERA OF GULF COASTAL REGION

Taylor age.

Ozan formation. Arkansas, Little River County (254). 

Selma chalk (middle part). Mississippi, Lee County (268). 

Annona chalk.- Texas, Red River County (192). 

Lower part of Taylor marl. Texas, Collin County (211); Dallas

County (222); McLennan County (238). 

Austin age. . Austin chalk. Texas, Grayson County (289); Collin County

(294); Dallas County (310); Hill County (312, 313). 

Brownstown marl. Texas, Lamar County (321). Arkansas,

Sevier County (347).

Lower part of Austin chalk. Texas, Grayson County (335). 

Selma chalk (lower part). Mississippi. Lee County (350); Itawamba County (351).

Nodosaria aspera Reuss

Plate 26, figure 6 

Nodosana aspera Reuss, Verstein. bohm, Kreideformation, pt.

1, p. 26, pi. 13, figs. 14, 15, 1845; (in Geinitz), Grundriss

der Verstein., p. 653, pi. 24, fig. 4, 1845-46. 

Egger, K. bayer. Akad. Wiss., Math, naturh. Abt., Abh.,

Kl. 2, vol. 21, p. 80, pi. 8, fig. 15, 1899. 

Franke, Naturh. Ver. preuss. Rheinlande u. Westfalens Verh.,

69 Jahrg., vol. 59, 1912, p. 267 (1913); Preuss. geol. Landesanstalt Abh., new ser., vol. Ill, p. 50, pi. 4, fig. 14, 1928. 

Cushman and Jarvis, U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc., vol., 80, art. 14,

p. 35, pi. 11, fig. 5, 1932. 

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research" Contr., vol. 16,

p. 88, pi. 16, fig. 2, 1940; idem, vol. 20, p. 7, pi. 1, fig. 19.

1944. 

Cushman and Deaderick, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 18, p. 333,

pi. 51, fig. 16, 1944.

Test elongate, somewhat tapering, with the greatest 

breadth near apertural end; chambers fairly distinc.t, 

subglobular, increasing rather uniformly in size as added, 

somewhat overlapping; sutures distinct, but only slightly 

depressed; wall ornamented with small, closely set spines 

.covering the entire surface'; aperture with a slender, 

elongate, cylindrical rieck projecting well beyond the 

outline of the final chamber. Length up to 1.60 mm., 

diameter 0.50 to 0.55 mm.

The types of this species are from the Cretaceous of 

Bohemia, and it has been recorded several times from 

central Europe. In the present material, except for the 

record from Trinidad, it has occurred rarely at localities 

in beds of Taylor age, a range in general accord with thatin the European Cretaceous.

Upper Cretaceous. Boulders in conglomerate on "Bon Accord"

estate, % mile from Pointe-a-Pierre Railroad Station,

San Fernando, Trinidad. 

Taylor age.

Upper part of Taylor marl. Texas, Hunt County (116). 

Pecan Gap chalk member of Taylor marl. Texas, Collin County

(169); Delta County (166). 

VVolfe City sand member of Taylor marl. Texas, Collin County

(181).

Marlbrook marl. Arkansas. Clark County. 

Annona chalk. Texas, Red River County (192, 198). 

Lower part of Taylor marl. Texas, Dallas County (224); Bell

County (245).

Nodosaria naumanni Reuss

Plate 26, figure 11 

Nodosana naumanni Reuss, Palaeontographica, vol. 20, pt. 2, 1872-

75, p. 82, pi. 11(20), fig. 11 (1874).

Franke, Greifswald Univ., Geol.-palaeont. Inst., Abh., vol. 

6, p. 40, pi. 3, fig. 31, 1925; Preuss. geol. Landesanstalt 

Abh., n. ser., vol. Ill, p. 42, pi. 3r fig. 29, 1928. 

, Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 16, 

p. 89, pi. 16, fig. 7, 1940.

A "very few specimens from the ' Taylor marl are 

assigned to this species. They are straight, tapering, 

composed of .few chambers, which are slightly inflated, 

somewhat overlapping and increase in length as added. 

Our figured specimen closely resembles the figures given 

of European specimens of this species.

Taylor marl.

Upper part. Texas, Bexar County (152). 

Lower part. Texas, Collin County (208); Ellis County (234).

Nodosaria gracilitatis Cushman

Plate 26, figures 7-10

Nodosaria gracilitatis Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research 

Contr., vol. 14, p. 41, pi. 6, figs. 23-26, 1938; idem, vol. 16, 

p. 89, pi. 16, figs. 3-6, 1940.

Test very elongate, slender, of nearly equal diameter 

throughout; initial end with a short spine into which 

the basal costae fuse; chambers distinct, elongate, 

cylindrical or slightly fusiform, not inflated; sutures 

limbate, not depressed; wall translucent, ornamented 

with 6 to 12 longitudinal costae, slightly raised, thin, 

highest at the base of the proloculum, where they fuse 

into the initial spine; aperture radiate, at the end of a 

conical projection of the last-formed chamber. Length 

up to 4.00 mm. or more, diameter 0.20 mm.

The types are from the lower part of the Taylor marl 

on the east bank of a road cut, near the crest of a hill 

14.4 miles south of Paris and 0.9 mile north of Lake 

City, Delta County, Tex. (206).

This is a peculiar species, rather common at this 

locality, but as specimens are very slender, they are 

easily broken. It differs from N. filiformis Reuss in the 

much more elongate chambers, nondepressed sutures, the 

ornamentation covering the entire test, and the very 

elongate proloculum.

Nodosaria proboscidea Reuss

Plate 26, figures 12, 13 

Nodosana proboscidea Reuss, Haidinger's Naturwiss. Abh., vol. 4,

pt. 1, p. 7, pi. 1, fig. 6, 1851.

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 16, 

p. 89, pi. 16, figs. 8, 9, 1940; idem, vol. 20, p. 8, pi. 2, fig. 

3, 1944.

Cushman and Deaderick, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 18, p. 334. 

pi. 51, fig. 25, 1944.

Reuss gave this name to a form found in the Cretaceous 

of Lemberg. It is a short form, with a few strongly overlapping chambers, the apertural end drawn out into a longslender neck, and the surface ornamented by longitudinal 

costae running the length of the test, uninterrupted at the 

sutures.

Such forms occur in the present material from the 

upper part of the Taylor marl but are rare. The stratigraphic position in both regions is very similar.

Taylor age.

Upper part of Taylor marl. Texas, Bexar County (161). 

Pecan Gap chalk member of Taylor marl. Texas, Delta County

(166).

Marlbrook marl. Arkansas, Clark County. 

Selma chalk (middle part). Mississippi, Prentiss County (260).

Nodosaria amphioxys Reuss

Plate 26, figure 14 

Nodosaria amphioxys Reuss, Palaeontographica, vol. 20, pt. 2,

1872-75, p. 82, pi. 11(20), fig. 8 (1874). 

Egger, K. bayer. Akad. Wiss., Math.-naturh. Abt., Abh.,

Kl. 2, vol. 21, p. 76, pi. 8, fig. 9, 1899. 

Franke, Greifswald Univ., Geol.-palaeont. Inst., Abh.. vol. 6,

p. 42, pi. 3, fig. 39, 1925; Preuss. geol. Landesanstalt Abh..

new ser., vol. Ill, p. 48, pi. 4, fig. 2. 1928. 

Storm, Lotos, vol. 77, p.^46. pi., fig. 6. 1929. 

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 16,

p. 90, pi. 16, fig. 10, 1940.

Reuss and subsequent authors have figured under this 

.name a slender species with acute or spinose initial end, 

regularly tapering, with the greatest breadth at the lastformed chamber, increasing regularly but rather rapidly
LAGENIDAE 73

in size as chambers are added; sutures only slightly depressed ; wall ornamented by a -few longitudinal costae 

running across the sutures. Our specimens are all rather 

small and thin walled. They occur rarely in the upper 

beds of Taylor age and in beds of Navarro age. This 

species may be somewhat difficult to distinguish from N. 

obscura Reuss.

Nuvarro age.

Kemp clay. Texas, Navarro County (3).

Neylandville marl. Texas, Navarro County (66). 

Taylor age.

Upper part of Taylor marl. Texas, Rockwall County (124); 

Travis County (149); Bexar County (159).

Selma chalk (middle part). Mississippi, Prentiss County (261).

Nodosaria obscura Reuss

Plate 26, figures 15, 16 

Nodosaria obscura Reuss, Verstein. bohm. Kreideformation, pt. 1,

p. 26, pi. 13, figs. 7-9, 1845; (in Geinitz), Grundriss der

Verstein., p. 653, pi. 24, fig. 3, 1845-46; Palaeontographica,

vol. 20, pt. 2, 1872-75, p. 81, pi. 2(20), figs. 1-4 (1874). 

Heron-Alien and Earland, Royal Micr. Soc. Jour., p. 418,

pi. 7, fig. 7, 1910. 

Franke, Greifswald Univ., Geol.-palaeont. Inst., Abh., vol.

6, p. 43, pi. 3, fig. 40, 1925. 

Storm, Lotos, vol. 77, p. 47, pi., figs. 1-5, 1929. 

Cushman, Tennessee Div. Geology Bull. 41, p. 32, pi. 4, figs.

3, 4, 1931. 

Brotzen, Sveriges geol. undersokning, ser. C, No. 396, p. 84,

pi. 5, figs. 24, 25, text figs. 26, 27, 1936. 

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 16,

p. 90, pi. 16, figs. 11, 12, 1940; idem, vol. 20, p. 7, pi. 2.

fig. 2, 1944; idem, vol. 20, p. 87, pi. 13, figs. 16, 17, 1944. 

Cushman and Deaderick, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 18, p. 334,

pi. 51, figs. 22-24, 1944.

Test somewhat fusiform, of variable length, broadest 

toward the apertural end, the initial end usually 

pointed, sometimes with a definite spine; chambers often 

obscured by the ornamentation of the test, not inflated; 

sutures often indistinct, not depressed; wall ornamented 

by 10 to 15 distinct longitudinal costae continuous over 

the whole test, coalescing at the apertural end, which in 

many specimens has a distinct, collarlike thickening 

.about the aperture; aperture terminal and obscurely 

radiate. Length up to 1.00 mm., diameter 0.25 to 0.30 

mm.

This species was originally described from the Cretaceous of Bohemia, and specimens selected by Reuss have 

been studied. The species occurs in America in the 

Upper Cretaceous, particularly in the upper beds of 

Taylor age as well as in the lower beds of Navarro age.

Navarro age.

?Arkadelphia marl. Arkansas, Hempstead County (73). 

Ripley formation. Tennessee, Henderson County (96). 

Selma chalk (upper part). Alabama, Marengo County (104). 

Taylor age.

Upper part of Taylor marl. Texas, Travis County (145). 

Anacacho limestone (upper part). Texas, Bexar County (164). 

Annona chalk. Texas, Red River County (198). 

Pecan Gap chalk member of Taylor marl. Texas, Delta County

(166). 

Marlbrook marl. Arkansas, Clark County; Howard County;

Hempstead County.

Austin age. Selma chalk (lower part). Mississippi, Lee County 

(350); Itawamba County (351).

Nodosaria iiavarroana Cushman

Plate 26, figures 23, 24

Nodosaria navarroana Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research 

Contr., vol. 13, p. 103, pi. 15, fig. 11, 1937; idem, vol. 16, 

p. 91, pi. 16. figs. 16, 17, 1940:

Cushman and Todd, idem, vol. 19, p. 57, pi. 10, figs. 12a, b, 

1943.

Test small, elongate, of about equal diameter throughput except at the rapidly tapering initial end; chambers 

distinct, rapidly increasing in size and height in the early 

stages, especially in the microspheric form; very slightly 

inflated in the adult, not inflated in the earlier stages; 

sutures distinct, slightly limbate; wall ornamented by 4 

longitudinal costae running uninterruptedly from the initial end to the aperture, which is terminal and radiate. 

Length 0.50 to 0.60 mm., diameter 0.08 to 0.10 mm.

The types are from the Navarro group, Corsicana marl, 

pit of Corsicana Brick Co.; 2 miles south of the courthouse at Corsicana, Tex.

This species differs from Nodosaria affinis Reuss in the 

very much smaller size and the number of costae, typically 4 instead of many. The species seems to be 

characteristic of this horizon.

Navarro age. * 

Corsicana marl. Texas, Navarro County (25-27); Limestone

 County (30); Falls C9imty (32); Travis County (36). 

Prairie Bluff chalk. Mississippi, Chickasaw County (85).

Nodosaria corsicanaiia Cushman

Plate 26, figures 19-22

Nodosaria corsicanana Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research 

Contr., vol. 14, p. 42, pi. 7, figs. 1-4, 1938; idem, vol. 16, 

p. 91, pi. 16, figs. 13-15, 1940. 

Cushman and Todd, idem, vol. 19, p. 58, pi. 10, fig. 13, 1943.

Test elongate, tapering slightly, if at all, initial end 

pointed with a distinct spine; chambers few, usually 2 

to 5, slightly inflated, increasing but little in length or 

size as added, fusiform, only slightly overlapping; sutures 

distinct, slightly depressed, limbate; wall ornamented by 

a-few (10 to 14) longitudinal costae, only slightly raised 

and narrow, slightly twisted, not interrupted at the sutures; aperture radiate, terminal. Length up to 3.00 

mm., diameter 0.25 to 0.35 mm.

The. types are from the Corsicana marl in a road ditch 

.3.5 miles northwest of Union Seminary School and 4.3 

miles south-southeast of Corbet, Navarro County, Tex.

This is a characteristic species of the Corsicana marl. 

It somewhat resembles N. sceptriformis Olszewski, but 

the chambers are more elongate, and the costae more 

delicate and are twisted.

Navarro group, Corsicana marl. Texas, Navarro County (25, 27); 

Limestone County (30); Guadalupe County (45). .

Nodosaria velascoensis Cushman

: Plate 26, figures 27-30

Nodosaria fontannesi Berthelin, var. velascoensis Cushman, Am. 

Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., vol. 10, p. 504, pi. 18, 

fig. 12, 1926. .

Nodosaria velascoensis Cushman and Jarvis, Cushman Lab. Foram.

Research Contr., vol. 4, p. 97, pi. 13, figs. 15, 16, 1928;

U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc., vol. 80, art. 14, p. 35, pi. 11, figs. 1-4,

1932.

Cushman and Campbell, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research

Contr., vol. 11, p. 72, pi. 11, fig. 3, 1935. 

Cushman, idem; vol. 16, p. 92, pi. 16, figs. 20-22, 1940.

Test elongate, subcylindrical, very slightly tapering, 

.greatest width developed by the last-formed chamber; 

consisting of numerous chambers increasing in height as 

added, the last chambers somewhat longer than broad, 

circular in transverse section; sutures only slightly depressed, ornamentation consisting of very fine longitudinal costae that in the early, portion may be continuous 

but, over most of the test, are restricted to the areas over 

the sutures. Length up to 2.50 mm., breadth 0.30 to 

0.40 mm.

This form was originally-described from the Velasco 

.shale of Mexico, where it is fairly common. It is also
74

common in the Upper Cretaceous beds in the pit at 

Lizard Springs, near Guayaguayare, southeastern Trinidad, and shows a considerable degree of variation, 

especially in the ornamentation of the test. The costae 

are usually somewhat spirally arranged, especially in the 

early portion, and in later chambers are often restricted 

to the area immedately adjoining the sutures.

Nodosaria limoiieiisis Cushmaii

Plate 26, figures 25, 26

Nodosaria limonensis Cushraan, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research 

Contr., vol. 1, pt. 1, p. 21, pi. 3, figs. 4a, b, 1925; Am. 

Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., vol. 10, p. 596, pi. 18, 

figs. 7 (?), 13, 1926; Cushman Lab. Foram. Research 

Contr., vol. 16, p. 92, pi. 16, figs. 18, 19, 1940.

Test elongate, subconical, widest near the base, circular in transverse section; chambers indistinct on the 

surface; sutures indistinct; wall ornamented by a series 

of 8 broad, prominent, longitudinal costae, which toward 

the base bifurcate; between these, above the early portion, are very thin, delicate, longitudinal costae alternating with the thick costae; aperture somewhat projecting, radiate. Length of the evidently incomplete type 

specimen 0.85 mm., breadth at base 0.25 mm.

The types are from the Velasco shale in Tamalte 

Arroyo, Hacienda el Limon, State of San Luis Potosi, 

Mexico.

No complete specimens have been found, but fragmentary specimens occur at various localities in the 

Velasco shale of Mexico. Two specimens from the Pecan 

Gap chalk member of the Taylor marl 3.2 miles southwest of Mart, McLennan County, Tex. (177), seem 

identical. > '* ;

Nodosaria limbata D'Orbigny

Plate 27, figures 1, 2 

Nodosaria limbata D'Orbigny, Soc. geol. France Mem., 1st ser.,

vol. 4, p. 12, pi. 1, fig. 1, 1840. 

Brown, Annals and Mag. Nat. History, 2d. ser., vol. 12, p.

240, pi. 9, fig. 1, 1853. 

Cushman, Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., vol. 10.

p. 595, pi. 18, fig. 14, 1926. 

Franks, Preuss, geol. Landesanstalt Abh., new ser., vol. Ill,

p. 42, pi. 3, figs. 27, 28, 1928. 

Cushman and Jarvis, U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc., vol. 80, art. 14,

p. 32, pi. 10, fig. 5, 1932.

Macfadyen, Discovery Repts., vol. 7, p. 7, text fig. E, 1933. 

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 16,

p. 93, pi. 16, figs. 23, 24, 1940. 

Nodosaria concinna Cushman and Jarvis (not Reuss), Cushman

Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 4, p. 97. pi. 14, figs. 5,

11, 1928; U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc., vol. 80, art, 14. p. 31, pi.

10, fig. 4, 1932.

Test cylindrical or very slightly tapering, initial end 

with or without a spine; chambers distinct, few, inflated, 

only slightly overlapping, somewhat pyriform. the apertural end drawn out to a point; sutures distinctly lirabate, depressed; wall smooth; aperture radiate, terminal. 

Length 1.00 mm. or more, diameter 0.35 to 0.45 mm.

This species was described by D'Orbigny from the 

Upper Cretaceous White chalk of the Paris Basin at 

Meudon. The writer collected at Meudon but failed to 

find the species, which D'Orbigny records as very rare. 

Material from the Upper Cretaceous of Trinidad and 

Mexico contains specimens that seem to belong to 

D'Orbigny's species. They show some variation as to 

size but in other respects are fairly constant in their 

characters. It was not found in the Texas region.

The forms referred to N. concinna Reuss, after a study 

of European material, seem best placed in N. limbata.

Nodosaria limbata D'Orbigny var. basiomata 

Cushman and Jarvis

Plate 27, figures* 3, 4

Nodosaria limbata D'Orbigny var. bqsiornata Cushman and Jarvis, 

U. S. Nat. Mus: Proc., vol.'80, art. 14, p. 32, pi. 10, figs. 

7, 8, 1932.

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 16, 

p. 93, pi.-16, figs. 25, 26, 1940.

Variety differing from the typical form in the ornamentation of the surface, which consists of numerous 

subnodose projections on the smaller part of each chamber.

The only records for this ornate variety are from the 

Upper Cretaceous beds in the pit at Lizard Springs, near 

Guayaguayare, southeastern Trinidad.

Nodosaria limbata D'Orbigny var. tumidata 

Cushman and Jarvis

Plate 27, figure 5

Nodosaria limbata D'Orbigny var. tumidata Cushman and Jarvis, 

U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc., vol. >80, art. 14, p. 32, pi. 10, figs. 

6a, b, 1932.

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 16, 

p. 94, pi. 16, fig. 27, 1940.

Variety differing from the typical form in the shape 

of the chambers, which are somewhat conical, the greatest breadth being nearly at the base of the basal portion, 

which is very strongly truncated.

The types are from the Upper Cretaceous beds in the 

pit at Lizard Springs, near Guayaguayare, southeastern 

Trinidad. Similar forms occur also in the Velasco shale 

of Mexico.

Nodosaria brevitesta Franke

. Plate 27, figure 6 

Nodosaria brevitesta Franke, Greifswald Univ., Geol.-palaeont.

Inst., Abh., vol. 6, p. 42, pi. 3, fig. 37, 1925. 

Cushman and Jarvis, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr.., 

vol. 4, p. 97, pi. 13, fig. 10, 1928; U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc., 

vol. 80, art. 14, p. 35, pi. 10, fig. 11, 1932. 

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 16, 

p. 94, pi. 16, fig. 28, 1940.

Specimens from the Upper Cretaceous beds in the pit 

at Lizard Springs, near Guayaguayare, southeastern 

Trinidad, have been referred to this species. They also 

somewhat resemble N. clausa Marsson. Specimens are 

rare, and the specimen figured is probably not an adult.

Nodosaria cf. N. marcki Reuss

Plate 27, figure 7

Nodosaria cf. N. marcki Reuss, Cushman and Jarvis, Cushman 

Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 4, p. 97, pi. 14, fig. 4, 

1928; U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc., vol. 80, art. 14, p. 34, pi. 10, 

fig. 12, 1932.

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 16, 

p. 94, pi. 16, fig. 29, 1940.

In the above references material from the Upper Cretaceous pit at Lizard Springs, southeastern Trinidad, has 

been referred to Reuss' species. It is very similar to 

material so identified and figured by Franke (Greifswald Univ., Geol.-palaeont. Inst., Abh., vol. 6, pi. 3, figs. 

22a, b, 1925). Similar specimens occur in the Velasco 

shale of Mexico. -

Nodosaria orlhopleura Reuss

Plate 27, figure 8

Nodosaria orthopleura Reuss, Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-naturwiss. 

Kl., Sitzungsber., vol. 46, pt. 1, 1862, p. 89, pi. 12, figs. 

5a,b(1863). - 

Cushman and Jarvis, U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc., vol. 80, art. 14,

p. 33, pi. 10, fig. 10. 1932.

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 16, 

p. 95, pi. 16, fig. 30, 1940.
LAGENIDAE 75

Test very elongate, slightly tapering at each end, for 

most of its length with the sides parallel or nearly so; 

chambers numerous, not inflated; sutures fairly distinct, 

slightly limbate; wall ornamented by a few distinct 

elevated costae running from the base to the apertural 

end; aperture terminal, radiate.

The figured specimen is from the Upper Cretaceous 

beds in the pit at Lizard Springs, near Guayaguayare, 

southeastern Trinidad. This is a fragmentary specimen, 

but when entire it probably measured 8 to 10 millimeters 

in length. Somewhat similar specimens, more definitely 

quadrangular in section than those from Trinidad, occur 

in the Velasco shale of Mexico.

Nodosaria nionile Hageiiow

Plate 27, figure 9 

Nodosaria monile Hagenow, Neues Jahrb., 1842, p. 568.

Reuss, Verstein. bohm. Kreideformation, pt. 1, p. 27, pi. 8,

fig. 7, 1845. 

Franke, Preuss. geol. Landesanstalt Abh., new ser., vol. Ill,

p. 31, pi. 2, figs. 27a, b, 1928. 

Cushman and Jarvis, U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc., vol. 80, art. 14,

p. 33, pi. 10, fig. 9, 1932. 

Cushman and Campbell, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research

Contr., vol. 11, p. 71, pi. 10, fig. 5, 1935. 

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 16,

p. 96, pi. 16, fig. 31, 1940.

Test elongate, very slightly tapering; chambers very 

distinct, inflated, subglobular throughout; sutures distinct, depressed especially toward the later-formed portion; wall smooth; aperture terminal, radiate, not projecting. Length 1..50 mm., diameter 0.25 mm.

This species is very close to that recorded as Nodosaria 

nuda (Cushman and Church, California Acad. Sci. Proc., 

4th ser., vol. 18, p. 510, pi. 39, figs. 4-6, 1929). In that 

species, however, the chambers become elongate in the 

adult whereas in N. monile the chambers are subglobular 

throughout and show little tendency to lengthen. Specimens from the Upper Cretaceous beds in the pit at Lizard 

Springs, near Guayaguayare, southeastern Trinidad, are 

.very close indeed to those figured by Franke from 

Germany. Specimens identical with these occur in the 

Velasco shale of Mexico.

Nodosaria paupercula Reuss

Plate 27, figures 10-12 

Nodosaria paupercula Reiiss, Verstein. bohm. Kreideformation,

pt. 1, p. 26, pi. 12, fig. 12, 1845. 

Cushman and Jarvis, U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc., vol. 80, art. 14,

p. 33, pi. 10, figs. 14, 15, 1932. 

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 16,

p. 96, pi. 16, figs. 32-34, 1940.

Cushman and Hedberg, idem, vol. 17, p. 89, pi. 21, figs. 32, 

33, 1941.

The specimens figured are from the Upper Cretaceous 

beds in the pit at Lizard Springs, near Guayaguayare, 

southeastern Trinidad. They rather closely resemble the 

figures given by Reuss but may not be identical. Not 

enough material is available to give the full characters 

o'f the species. Fragmentary specimens have also been 

recorded from Colombia.

Genus CHKYSALOGONIUM Schubert, 1907 

Chrysalogonium texanum Cushman

Plate 27, figures 14, 15

Chrysalogonium texanum Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 12, p. 55, pi. 9, figs. 24, 25, 1936.

Test very elongate, slender, very slightly tapering, 

slightly arcuate, initial end with a distinct spine; chambers distinct, somewhat inflated, increasing in length as

added, in the adult at least 3 times as long as broad; 

sutures distinct, slightly limbate, slightly depressed; wall 

smooth; aperture in the adult a sieve plate, slightly 

raised into a small terminal projection. Length 2.00 

mm.; diameter 0.15 mm.

The types are from the lower part of the Taylor marl 

on Cooper road 6 miles south of Paris, Tex.

The species occurs most commonly in the lower beds 

of Taylor age and in the upper beds of Austin age.

Taylor age. 

Upper part of Taylor marl. Texas, Navarro County (132) ;

Williamson County (142).

Annona chalk. Texas, Red River County (198). 

Lower part of Taylor marl. Texas, Lamar County (200); Collin

County (209, 210); Dallas County (219, 224); McLennan

County (239). 

Austin age. 

Gober tongue of Austin chalk. Texas, Fannin County (280) ;

Lamar County (285). 

Austin chalk. Texas, Dallas County (310).

Chrysalogonium eximium Cushman

Plate 27, figures 16-19

Chrysalogonium eximium Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 14, p. 42, pi. 7, figs. 5-8, 1938.

Test elongate, dlender, slightly curved, initial end with 

a spine, very slightly tapering; chambers very slightly 

inflated in the adult portion, slightly fusiform, very 

slightly overlapping, increasing greatly in length in the 

adult.but little in diameter; sutures slightly depressed, 

limbate; wall ornamented by 18 to 24 fine longitudinal 

costae, in some adults stronger over the sutures; aperture terminal, consisting of a sieve plate with numerous 

small openings. Length up to 4.00 mm., diameter 0.20 

mm.

The types are from Pecan Gap chalk member of the 

Taylor marl on a secondary road to Otto at a crossing 

of "Big Creek" 3.2 miles southwest of Mart, McLennan 

County, Tex. (177).

This species differs from C. texanum Cushman particularly in the ornamentation of the wall and the somewhat more slender and slightly less inflated chambers.

Navarro age. Selma chalk (upper part). Mississippi, Union

County (92). 

Taylor marl. Pecan Gap chalk member. Texas, McLennan

County (177).

Chrysalogonium cretaceum Cushman and Church

Plate 27, figure 13

Chrysalogonium cretaceum Cushman and Church, California Acad.

Sci. Proc., 4th ser., vol. 18, p. 513, pi. 39, figs. 23, 24, 1929.

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Special Pub.

5, pi. 21, figs. 15a, b, 1933.

Dentalina lorneiana Cushman and Jarvis (not D'Orbigny), U. S. 

Nat. Mus. Proc., vol. 80, art/14, p. 31, pi. 10, fig. 2, 1932.

Test elongate, slender, very slightly and evenly tapering, with the greatest width at the last-formed chamber, 

initial end rounded; chambers distinct, slightly overlapping, increasing rather regularly in length as added, 

very slightly inflated; sutures distinct, slightly depressed; 

wall smooth, matte; aperture consisting of numerous fine 

pores in a cone-shaped form, terminal. Length up to 

1.60 mm., diameter 0.20 mm.

The holotype is from the Upper Cretaceous of California. The species also occurs in the Upper Cretaceous 

beds in the pit at Lizard Springs, near Guayaguayare, 

southeastern Trinidad.

From the known occurrence of the species in these two 

regions, it should also be looked for in the Upper Greta-
76 UPPER CRETACEOUS FORAMINIFERA OF GULF COASTAL REGION

ceous of the Tampico region of Mexico in the Velasco 

shale.

Genus PSEUDOGLANDULINA Cusnman, 1929 

Pseudoglandulina manifesta (Reuss) Cushman

Plate 27, figures 20-26 

Glandulina manifesLa Reuss, Haidinger's naturwiss. Abh., vol. 4,

pt. l,.p. 22, pi. 1, fig. 4, 1851. 

Franke, Preuss. geol. Landesanstalt Abh., new ser., vol. Ill,

p. 52, pi. 4. fig. 28, 1928. 

Cushman and Church, California Acad. Sci. Proc., 4th ser.,

vol. 18, p. 511, pi. 39, fig. 10, 1929. 

Nodosaria manifesta Cushman, Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists

Bull., vol. 10, p. 594, pi. 18, fig. 8, 1926. 

Sandidge, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 6, p. 278, pi. 42, fig. 8, 1932. 

Nodosaria larva Carsey, Texas Univ. Bull. 2612, p. 31, pi. 2, fig. 2,

1926.

Nodosaria humilis Cushman (not Roemer), Tennessee Div. Geology Bull. 41, p. 32, pi. 4, fig. 5, 1931. . Pseudoglandulina manifesto Cushman and Todd, Cushman Lab. 

Foram. Research Contr., vol. 19, p. 58, pi. 10, fig. 15, 1943.

The types of this species are from the Upper Cretaceous 

of Lemberg. The type figure evidently represents the 

raicrospheric form of the. species, which has a pointed 

initial end, often with a small spine, and the whole test 

rapidly tapering. Such forms are comparatively rare, 

but with them is usually the megalospheric form, which 

has a large proloculum with a rounded base and the test 

much more nearly cylindrical. In the early stages the 

chambers are much overlapping and there is little or no 

inflation of the chambers, but in the adult they are much 

inflated, with deeper sutures. The wall'is smooth and 

polished and the aperture terminal and radiate.

Such forms are widely distributed in the American 

Cretaceous, particularly in beds of Navarro and Taylor 

ages and are much less common in the upper beds of 

Austin age. It is probable that the forms assigned by 

Reuss to Glandulina elongata and G. mutabilis are with 

G. manifesta all one series. Some of the variations are 

shown in the illustrations.

Navarro age.

Kemp clay. Texas, Navarro County (3); Williamson County 

(11, 12); Travis County (17); Guadalupe County (20).

Corsicana marl. Texas, Hunt County (24); Navarro County 

(27); Limestone County (29, 30); Falls County (32); 

Travis County (35-38, 41, 43); Caldwell County (44); 

Guadalupe County (45).

Arkadelphia marl. Arkansas, Hempstead County (70, 72, 73).

Prairie Bluff chalk. Mississippi, Chickasaw County (87). Alabama, Wilcox County (99); Sumter County (102).

Saratoga chalk. Arkansas, Hempstead County (81). 

v Ripley formation. Tennessee, Henderson County (96).

Neylandville marl. Texas, Red River County (50); Navarro

County (66-68). 

Taylor age.

Upper part of Taylor marl. Texas, Red River County (105, 

107); Lamar County (110, 112); Delta County (114); 

Hunt County (115); Collin County (121, 122); Kaufman 

County (129, 130); -Navarre County (134); Leon County 

(138); Travis County (149); Bexar County (152, 154, 161).

Pecan Gap chalk member of Taylor marl. Texas, Hunt County 

(168).

Annona chalk. Texas, Red River County (196). . Lower part of Taylor marl. Texas, Delta County (206). 

Austin age.

Gober tongue of Austin. Texas, Lamar County (284).

Austin chalk. Texas, Hays County (317).

?Selma chalk of upper Austin age. Alabama, Warrior River 

(353).

Pseudoglandulina pygniaea (Reuss) Cushman

Plate 27, figures 27, 28

Glandulina pygmaea Reuss, Haidinger's Naturwiss. Abh., vol. 4, 

pt. 1, p. 6, pi. 1, fig. 3, 1851.

Reuss described and figured a fusiform species from 

the Cretaceous of Lemberg in which the chambers overlap so greatly that the last-formed chamber makes up 

almost the entire surface of the test.

Such forms in the American material occur at scattered 

stations in beds of Navarro and Taylor ages.

Navarro age.

Owl Creek formation. Mississippi, Tippah County (83).

Arkadelphia marl. Arkansas, Hempstead County (73).

Selma chalk (upper part). Alabama, Marengo County (104).

Neylandville marl. Texas, Kaufman County (61). 

Taylor age.

Upper part of Taylor marl. Texas, Hays County (150); Bexar 

County (159).

Ozan formation. Arkansas, Little River County (254).

Pecan Gap chalk member of Taylor marl. Texas, McLennan 

County (177).

Selma chalk of Pecan Gap chalk age. Alabama, Marengo 

County (256).

Annona chalk. Texas, Bowie County (189)..

Lower part of Taylor marl. Texas, Bell County (245).

Pseudoglandulina lagenoides (Olszewski)- Cushman 

and Hedberg

Plate 27, figure 29 

Glandulina lagenoides Olszewski, Sprawozd. Kom. Fizyj. Akad.

Umiej., Krakowie, vol. 9, p. 107, pi. 1, fig. 6, 1875. 

Pseudoglandulina sp. Plummer, Texas Univ. Bull. 3101, p. 158, pi.

10, figs. 16. 17, 1931.

Pseudoglandulina lagenoides Cushman and Hedberg, Cushman 

Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 17, p. 89, pi. 21, fig. 34, 

1941.

Cushman and Todd, idem, vol. 19, p. 58, pi. 10, fig. 14, 1943. 

Cushman, idem, vol. 20, p. 8, pi. 2, fig. 4, 1944. 

Cushman and Deaderick, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 18, p. 334, 

pi. 51, figs. 14, 15, 1944.

In this species the chambers are not inflated and the 

periphery is entire. The whole test is very small and in 

many specimens has a spine at the base. It tapers rapidly from the middle toward the initial end and toward 

the apertural end, giving a fusiform shape to the whole 

test.

Specimens seem to be confined to beds of Navarro age. 

and the upper beds of Taylor age.

Navarro age. - Corsicana marl. Texas, Limestone County (30); Travis County 

(34, 40).

Selma chalk (upper part). Mississippi, Union County (92).

Ripley formation. Tennessee, McNairy County (94); Henderson County (96). 

Taylor age.

Upper part of Taylor marl. Texas, Red River County (107); 

Travis County (145, 149).

Pecan Gap chalk member of Taylor marl. Texas, Delta County 

(166).

Marlbrook marl. Arkansas, Howard County.

Selma chalk (middle part). Mississippi, Alcorn County (259); 

Lee County (2.64, 266). '

Pseudoglandulina bistegia (Olszewski) Cushman and Jarvis

Plate 27, figures 30-32 

Cristellaria bistegia Olszewski, Sprawozd. Kom. Fizyj. Akad.

Umiej., Krakowie, vol. 9, p. 115, pi. 1, fig. g(error for 9),

1875. 

Pseudoglandulina bistegia Cushman and Jarvis, U. S. Nat. Mus.

Proc., vol. 80, art. 14, p. 37, pi. 11, figs. 10-12, 1932.

The specimens figured are from the Upper Cretaceous 

of. Trinidad. They resemble the type figure, but the 

apertural characters are not well preserved in any of 

them. In some specimens the proloculum is much 

roughened and the second chamber smooth.

From 720 feet in well at Lizard Springs, near Guayaguayare, southeastern Trinidad.

Pseudoglandulina cylindracea (Reuss) Cushman and Jarvis

Plate 27, figures 33, 34

Nodosaria cylindracea Reuss, Verstein. bb'hm. Kreideformation, 

pt. 1, p. 25, pi. 13, figs. 1, 2, 1845.
LAGENIDAE 77

Glandulina cylindracea Reuss, Haidinger's Naturwiss. Abh., vol. 4, 

pt. 1, p. 23, pi. 1, fig. 5, 1851;.Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.- 

naturwiss. Kl., Sitzungsber., vol. 40, p. 190, pi. 4, fig. 1, 

1860; idem, vol. 44, pt. 1, 1861, p. 307 (1862); Palaeontographica, vol. 20, pt. 2, 1872-75, p. 89 (1874). 

Egger, K. bayer. Akad. Wiss., Math.-naturh. Abt., Abh.,

Kl. 2, vol. 21, p. 84, pi. 5, figs. 19, 20, 1899. 

Cushman and Church, California Acad. Sci. Proc., 4th ser., 

vol. 18, p. 511, pi. 39, figs. 8, 9, 1929.

Nodosaria (Glandulina) cylindracea Cushman, Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., vol. 10, p. 594, pi. 18, fig. 1, 1926.

Pseudoglandulina cylindracea Cushman and Jarvis, U. S. Nat. Mus. 

Proc., vol. 80, art. 14, p. 36, pi. 11, figs. 7, 8, 1932.

Test composed of a few subcylindrical chambers thatare distinctly involute, the final chamber often being 

nearly twice as long as broad; sutures distinct, very 

slightly depressed, slightly oblique; wall smooth, aperture terminal, radiate, slightly projecting. Length up to 

3.00 mm., breadth 0.60 mm.

Specimens occur rather commonly in the Upper Cretaceous of Trinidad and in the Velasco shale of Mexico. 

Similar forms occur in the Cretaceous of California, but 

the species seems to be rare or wanting in the Gulf 

Coastal Plain area.

Pseudoglandulina parallela (Marsson) Cushman and Jarvis

Plate 27, figure 35

Glandulina parallela Marsson, Naturw. Ver. Neu-Vorpommern u.

Rugen Mitt., Jahrg. 10, vol. 10, p. 124, pi. 1, figs. 4a, b, 1878.

Franke, Preuss. geol. Landesanstalt Abh., new ser., vol. Ill,

p. 51, pi. 4, fig. 16 (17-19 ?), 1928.

Pseudoglandulina parallela Cushman and Jarvis, U. S. Nat. Mus. 

Proc., vol. 80, art. 14, p. 36, pi. 11, fig. 9, 1932.

The types of this species are from the Upper Cretaceous chalks of the Island of Rugen, Germany. In the 

Upper Cretaceous beds in the pit at Lizard Springs, near 

Guayaguayare, southeastern Trinidad, very similar 

specimens appear, and fiey occur also in the Velasco 

shale of Mexico.

Pseudoglandulina sp.

Plate 27, figure 36

Pseudoglandulina sp. Cushman and Jarvis, U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc.,- 

vol. 80, art. 14, p. 37, pi. 11, fig. 13, 1932.

A specimen from the Upper Cretaceous is figured. It 

is a very broad form with longitudinal costae somewhat 

interrupted. There are too few specimens to make a 

specific determination possible.

Upper Cretaceous. Boulder in conglomerate on "Bon Accord" 

estate, % mile from Pointe-a-Pierre Railroad Station, San 

Fernando, Trinidad.

Genus LINGULINA D'Orbigny, 1826 

Lingulina taylorana Cushman

Plate 27, figure 37

Lingulina taylorana Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research 

Contr., vol. 14, p. 43, pi. 7, fig. 9, 1938.

Test minute, compressed, tapering, peripheral margins 

of each chamber keeled near the base, 2 to 3 times as 

long as broad; chambers distinct, proloculum spherical, 

following chambers compressed, slightly overlapping, 

increasing gradually in height as added; sutures distinct, 

very slightly depressed; wall smooth; aperture terminal. 

Length 0.20 to 0.30 mm., breadth 0.12 to 0.14 mm.

The types are from the lower part of the Taylor marl 

in a ditch east of the Commerce-Paris highway 8.4 miles 

south of Paris, Lamar County, Tex. (202).

A number of specimens from this locality show very 

constant characters. The species is minute and may be 

easily overlooked. It differs from L. pygmaea Reuss in

the fewer chambers, strongly tapering test, and in the 

thin flanges at the basal angles of the chambers.

Lingulina pygmaea Reuss

Plate 27, figure 38

Lingulina pygmaea Reuss, Palaeontographica, vol. 20, pt. 2, 1872- 

75, p. 90, pi. 2(20), fig. 23 (1874).

Test much compressed, early portion subacute, sides 

for most of the test nearly parallel, entire or slightly 

indented, apertural end broadly rounded; chambers distinct, broader than high, increasing very slightly in size 

and height as added; sutures slightly depressed, becoming more strongly curved in the adult; wall smooth; aperture terminal. Length 0.85 mm., breadth 0.20 mm.

Reuss described and figured this species from the Upper 

Cretaceous of Saxony. The specimen figured here is 

very close to this and apparently is to be included under 

this species. It is from the Wolfe City sand member of 

the Taylor marl 3 miles west of Barry, Navarro County, 

Tex. (188).

Genus VAGINULINA D'Orbigny, 1826 

Vaginnlina texana Cushman

Plate 28, figures 7-22 

Vaginulina texana Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research

Contr., vol. 6, p. 30, pi. 4, figs. 2, 3, 1930. 

Morrow, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 8, p. 192, pi. 29, fig. 10,1934. 

Cushman and Deaderick, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research

Contr., vol. 18, p. 59, pi. 12, figs. 1-6, 1942. 

Cushman, idem, vol. 20, p. 88, 1944.

Vaginulina sp. Cushman, idem, vol. 6, p. 30, pi. 4, figs. 12, 13, 1930. 

Vaginulina regina Plummer, Texas Univ. Bull. 3101, p. 162, pi. 10, 

fig. 22, 1931.

Test very variable in size and shape, distinctly compressed, the sides nearly parallel or tapering, with the 

ventral side becoming somewhat convex toward the apertural end; periphery, rounded, initial end with a slight 

spine; chambers few to numerous, enlarging in size as 

added, the height about equal at the opposite ends, the 

upper and lower sides nearly parallel, usually not inflated, 

and usually obscured by the ornamentation; sutures 

oblique, straight or very slightly curved, usually not depressed, obscured by the surface ornamentation; wall 

longitudinally costate, the smaller specimens with but 

5 or 6 costae on each side, increasing gradually to many 

in the larger specimens, the costae bifurcating to fill the 

area as the test broadens; aperture radiate, somewhat 

produced, at the dorsal margin. Length of holotype 

1.30 mm., breadth 0.25 mm., maximum length 5.00 mm. 

or more.

The holotype represents the smaller, narrower form of 

the species, but figures show the intermediate forms 

grading to the larger, broader forms later named Vaginulina regina Plummer. The gradation between these 

extremes is complete in our series, and these usually 

occur in a single sample where the species is at all 

common. The species in our material is particularly 

characteristic of the upper beds of Austin age, particularly of the Gober tongue. Morrow figures a specimen 

from the Upper Cretaceous of Kansas. A somewhat 

.similar form is recorded by Moreman from the Eagle 

Ford shale (Jour. Paleontology, vol. 1, p. 98, pi. 16, fig. 

1, 1927) as "V. simondsi Carsey."

The type locality for Vaginulina regina is the "top of 

Austin chalk close to bridge over Little Walnut Creek on 

Austin-Manor highway 3.9 miles by road from the 

corner of East Avenue and Twenty-second Street, Austin," Tex.

The species occurs in the present collections from beds
78 UPPER CRETACEOUS FORAMINIFERA OF GULF COASTAL REGION

of Austin age only and should make an excellent index 

fossil for this part of the Cretaceous.

Austin age. 

Burditt marl (of Adkins). Texas, Bell County (269); Travis

County (270). 

Gober tongue of Austin chalk. Texas, Fannin County (276,

277, 279); Lamar County (282, 283, 287, 288). 

Austin chalk. Texas, Collin County (295); Dallas County (301-

304, 306, 307, 311, 326); Hill County (313, 314). 

Brownstown marl. Texas, Red River County (319). Arkansas,

Sevier County (347, 348). 

Bonham clay. Texas, Lamar County (327). 

Selma chalk (lower part). Mississippi, Itawamba County (351).

Vaginulina recta Reuss

Plate 28, figure 23 

Vaginulina recta Reuss, Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-naturwiss. Kl.,

Sitzungsber., vol. 46, pt. 1, 1862, p. 48, pi. 3, figs. 14,. 15

(1863). 

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 6,

p. 27, pi. 4, fig. 5, 1930. 

Cushman and Alexander, idem, vol. 6, p. 4, pi. 1, figs. 17-22,

1930. 

Tappan, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 14, p. 110, pi. 17, figs. 7, 8,

1940; idem, vol. 17, p. 501, pi. 80, figs. 22a, b, 1943.

The figured specimen in its general appearance closely 

resembles the species described by Reuss from the Cretaceous of Europe. A study of the early stages of our 

specimen seems to show that it is frondicularian at the 

base, and it may therefore be an abnormal specimen.

The species is also recorded from the Lower Cretaceous of Texas a'nd Oklahoma.

Austin chalk.

Gober tongue. Texas, Lamar County (282).

Lower part. Texas, Dallas County (342). 

Eagle Ford shale. Texas, Dallas County (356).

Vaginulina subcomarginata Morrow

Plate 28, figure 24

Vaginulina subcomarginata Morrow, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 8, 

p. 192, pi. 29, fig, 21, 1934.

Test small, broad; flattened, broadest at about the middle, periphery bicarinate, dorsal edge straight, ventral edge sigmoid in 

side view, concave near the posterior end, becoming strongly convex above, apertural end broad; sutures flush with surface, very 

oblique, nearly straight; chambers not inflated, almost obscured 

by the ornamentation near the initial end; surface ornamented 

near the dorsal periphery on either side by a strong, straight costa, 

which curves slightly inward near the aperture, and in addition by 

several strong costae, which radiate from the initial end for a 

short distance. Length of holotype about 1 mm., breadth as 

reconstructed 0.4 mm., thickness 0.14 mm.

A single specimen in the collection represents this species, but it 

differs so strikingly from anything described that no hesitation is 

felt in giving it a name, despite the meager material. Species of 

Vaginulina commonly bear the radiate aperture at the end of a 

necklike projection. The aperture opens into a bulbous cavity 

in this projection, which in turn is connected with the chamber by 

a short constricted opening. The specimen shows at the apertural 

end a small round opening indicating that the true aperture is 

broken away leaving the constricted opening below it visible. A 

small part of the initial tip and ventral edge is also wanting. This 

species is unique in having a straight dorsal margin and greatest 

breadth near or below the middle. The majority of species possessing the former are broadest near the apertural end, and those 

showing the latter usually have a marked curvature to the dorsal 

margin.

Basal Niobrara. Exceedingly rare.

Holotype from sec. 32, T. 11 S., R. 16 W., Ellis County, Kans. 

U. S. National Museum, No. 75367.

The above description and notes are copied from the 

original, and the type has been redrawn.

Vaginulina knighti Morrow

Plate 28, figure 25

Vaginulina knighti Morrow, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 8, p. 191, 

pi. 29, fig. 23, 1934.

Test small elongate, moderately flattened, broadest near apertural end, edges nearly straight, very gently tapering, carinate, 

apertural end slightly produced; sutures feebly depressed, very 

oblique, slightly curved; chambers few, early ones tending to be 

obscured by the surface ornamentation, proloculum bulbous, 

bluntly pointed; surface bearing a few long, widely spaced irregular 

costae, some of which continue onto the proloculum; aperture 

slightly produced, radiate. Length of holotype 1 mm., breadth 

0.22 mm., thickness 0.14 mm.

Vaginulina knighti is distinguished from V. rectilateralis by being 

more elongate and not so flattened, by having slightly curved and 

more oblique sutures and coarser longitudinal costae, and in lacking 

the sets of fine parallel costae on the later chambers. These 

characters likewise distinguish the species from any other known 

to the writer. It differs from V. simondsi Carsey [Texas Univ. 

Bull. 2612, p. 40, pi. 2, fig. 4, 1926] in having much shorter, less 

oblique chambers and lacks the regular fine ornamentation which 

covers the surface of the Texas species.

Very rare in the basal Niobrara, at the locality given below.

Holotype from SE1^ sec. 12, T. 12 S., R. 17 W., Ellis County, 

Kans. U. S. National Museum, No. 75366.

The above description and notes are copied from the 

original, and the type has been redrawn.

Vaginulina rectilateralis Morrow

Plate 28, figure 26

Vaginulina rectilateralis Morrow, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 8, p. 191, 

pi. 29, fig. 29, 1934.

Test small, elongate, flattened, broadest at the apertural end, 

edges nearly straight, gently tapering, tricarinate, apertural end 

slightly produced; sutures flush with surface, only moderately 

oblique, straight, parallel, chambers indistinct, obscured by surface 

ornamentation, not inflated, rather few, proloculum prominent, 

bulbous, pointed; surface bears in addition to the peripheral carinae 

about three long longitudinal costae on each side which pass onto 

the proloculum and another group of faint, longitudinal, short, 

parallel costae which are arranged in sets on the surfaces of the 

later chambers; aperture- slightly produced, radiate. Length of 

holotype 1 mm., breadth 0.28 mm., thickness 0.1 mm.

This species, which is believed to be undescribed, cannot be 

confused with the other species of Vaginulina described here 

because of its distinctive surface ornamentation and outline. It 

resembles slightly a form figured by Cushman as V. cf. simondsi 

Carsey [Carsey, Texas Univ. Bull 2612, p. 40, pi. 2, fig. 4, 1926] 

from a much higher horizon in Tennessee but in specific details 

they are quite different.

Basal Niobrara. Very rare and found only at the locality given 

below.

Holotype from SE% sec. 12, T. 12 S., R. 17 W., Ellis County, 

Kans. U. S. National Museum, No. 75365.

The above description and notes are copied from the 

original, and the type has been redrawn.

Vaginulina niobrarensis Morrow

Plate 28, figure 27

Vaginulina niobrarensis Morrow, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 8, p. 191, 

. pi. 29, figs. 8a-c, 1934.

Test very large, flattened, broadest at the apertural end, dorsal 

edge straight, carinate, the carinae rising in pairs from the center 

of the. dorsal side, passing downward and diverging slightly so as 

to terminate near the dorsal margin on opposite sides of the test; 

ventral edge rounded, slightly convex, distinctly lobed; chambers 

numerous, evenly spaced, nearly at right angles to the dorsal edge, 

curving slightly downward toward the ventral edge; sutures distinct, flat in young stages but _ becoming depressed toward the 

apertural end; wall smooth, initial end pointed; aperture slightly 

produced at the dorsal border, radiate. Length of holotype 6 mm., 

breadth 1.5 mm., thickness 0.45 mm.

Another smaller individual shows a slight curvature to the dorsal 

edge. V. niobrarensis resembles most closely V. webbertnllensis 

Carsey. [Texas Univ. Bull; 2612, p. 39, pi. 2;> fig. 7, 1926] a species 

from the Navarro formation of Texas, but is distinct from it and 

other species in outline, in the slight obliquity of the chambers 

and in the character of the dorsal edge.

Basal Niobrara. Only two specimens have been found.

Holotype from SE*4 sec. 12, T. 12 S., R. 17 W., Ellis County, 

Kans. U. S. National Museum, No. 75364.
LAGENIDAE 79

The above description and notes are from Morrow. 

His type specimen has been redrawn.

Vaginulina wadei Kelley

Plate 29, figures 1-6 N 

Vaginulina ivadei Kelley, in W. Beny and Kelley, U. S. Nat. Mus.

Proc., vol. 76, art. 19, p. 8, pi. 1, fig. 7, 1929. 

Cushman, Geol. Soc. America Bull., vol. 47, p. 417, pi. 1,

fig. 4, 1936.

Todd, Am. Jour. Sci., vol. 242, p. 331, pi. 1, figs. 1-8, 1944. 

Cushman and Deaderick, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 18, p. 334,

pi. 52, figs. 1, 2, 1944. 

Vaginulina cL V. simondsi Cushman, Tennessee Div. Geology Bull.

41, p. 34, pi. 4, figs. 8a, b, 1931.

Vaginulina webbervillensis- Cushman (not Carsey), idem, p. 33, 

pi. 4, fig. 6, 1931.

Test elongate, somewhat compressed, periphery 

rounded on the dorsal edge, channelled on the ventral 

edge, gently tapering from the rounded initial end; chambers distinct, inflated slightly if at all, 2 or 3 times as 

long as broad in the early stages, much broader in the 

adult, of nearly uniform height throughout, increasing 

gradually in breadth as added; sutures strongly limbate, 

depressed little if at all, straight or very slightly curved 

or slightly sigmokl, strongly oblique; wall ornamented 

with a few longitudinal, or very slightly oblique, costae, 

largely independent of the chambers and sutures, strongest over the proloculum and early chambers, varying considerably in any large series of specimens; aperture 

slightly projecting, radiate, on the dorsal margin. 

Length of holotype 1.20 mm., breadth 0.30 mm., thickness 0.15 mm. Maximum measurements: length 3.80 

mm., breadth 0.90 mm., thickness 0.20 mm.

The type of this species is from the Coon Creek tongue 

of the Ripley formation, from Dave Week's place on 

Coon Creek, 3% miles south of Enville, 7l/2 miles north 

of Adamsville, and % mile east of the main HendersonAdamsville road in the northeastern part of McNairy 

County, Tenn. (97). It occurs there in some numbers 

but, compared with other species, is rare.

The species is variable in the character of the surface 

ornamentation, which in some specimens is weak and 

mostly confined to the base, but in others, as shown 

in our figures, displays considerable development over 

the later chambers as well. These variations occur in the 

series of specimens from a single sample. The broader 

forms also occur wi£h those that are much, less rapidly 

tapering. All agree, however, in the form of the initial 

portion, which is rounded and without any sign of a spine 

at the base.

Besides the type locality, the species occurs in our 

material from the following localities:

Navarro age.

Selma chalk (upper part). Tennessee, McNairy County (98).

Ripley formation. Tennessee, Henderson County (96); McNairy County (95, 97).

Nacatoch sand. Texas, Bowie County (47); Hunt County (49).

Saratoga formation. Arkansas, Clark County.

Neylandville marl. Texas, Hunt County (53); Kaufman County

(60). 

Taylor age.

Pecan Gap chalk member of Taylor marl. Texas, Rockwall 

County (175).

Wolfe City sand member of Taylor marl. Texas, Hunt County 

(186).

Selma chalk (middle part). Tennessee, Hardin County (255). 

Mississippi, Lee County (268).

Marlbrook marl. Arkansas, Clark County; Hempstead County.

Lower part of Taylor marl. Texas, Collin County (207); Bell

County (245). 

Austin age.

Brownstown marl. Arkansas, Sevier County (347).

Selma chalk (lower part). Mississippi, Itawamba County (351).

Vaginulina selmaensis Cushman

 Plate 29, figures 7, 8 

Vaginulina selmaensis Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research

Contr., vol. 13, p. 101, pi. 15, figs. 8, 9, 1937. 

Vaginulina? sp. Cushman, Tennessee Div. Geology Bull. 41, p. 34,

pi. 4, figs. 9, 10, 1931.

Test elongate, only slightly compressed, sides nearly 

parallel, dorsal side straight, ventral side slightly convex, 

periphery rounded, initial end with a weak spine; chambers distinct, slightly inflated, slightly higher than broad 

in the adult; sutures distinct, slightly depressed, Somewhat oblique; wall ornamented with longitudinal costae 

(8 to 10) visible on each side, in many specimens slightly 

oblique and independent of the chambers; aperture large, 

slightly protuberant, radiate at the dorsal angle. Length 

nearly 1.00 mm., breadth 0.18 to 0.20 mm., thickness 

0.15 to 0.18 mm.

The types of the species are from the Ripley formation 

on the new Corinth highway 1&/2 miles south of Selmer, 

McNairy County, Tenn. (94).

All the available specimens of this species are megalospheric but hold the characters very closely. It seems 

to belong to Vaginulina, as there is a tendency toward a 

compressed test, with oblique sutures, and the aperture 

is at the dorsal angle. It is known only from the type 

locality. The species differs from Vaginulina texana 

Cushman in the less compressed test with more numerous 

and slightly oblique costae.

Vaginulina multicostata Cushman

- Plate 29, figures 9-16 

Vaginulina multicostata Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research

Contr., vol. 6, p. 28, pi. 4, fig. 4, 1930.

Cushman and Todd, idem, vol. 19, p. 58, pi. 10, fig. 19, 1943. 

Cushman, idem, vol. 20, p. 88, pi. 13,. fig. 13, 1944. 

Cushman and Deaderick, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 18, p. 334,

pi. 52, fig. 3, 1944.

Vaginulina simondsi Cushman (part) (not Carsey), Tennessee Div. 

Geology Bull. 41, pi. 4, figs. 7a, b, 1931; Jour. Paleontology, 

vol. 5, p. 306, pi. 35, fig. 7, 1931.

Test elongate, much compressed throughout, dorsal 

edge straight or even slightly concave, ventral edge 

strongly convex, pointed at both ends; chambers few, 

elongate, curved, low and broad, the last-formed one 

reaching back halfway to the base along the ventral 

margin; sutures distinct, usually not depressed, somewhat limbate, very oblique, curved; wall ornamented 

with numerous fine costae, -in general parallel to the 

straight dorsal edge of the test, and generally independent 

of the individual chambers; aperture at the dorsal angle, 

extended into a point, radiate. Length up to 1.70 mm., 

breadth 0.30 mm., thickness 0.12 to 0.15 mm.

The holotype of this species is from the Prairie Bluff 

chalk at old Canton Landing, Alabama River, Ala. It is 

widely distributed in beds of Navarro age in Texas, 

Arkansas, Mississippi, Alabama, and Tennessee. The 

specimen figured from the Saratoga chalk is not quite 

typical but is placed here. Scattered records from 

horizons bejow the Navarro are given here though the 

specimens are not always typical and are comparatively 

rare.

There is considerable variation, as in other members 

of the genus, but on the whole the shape and ornamentation are rather constant. It is typically a species of the 

Navarro group and its equivalents.

Navarro age.

Kemp clay. Texas, Navarro County (4): Williamson County 

(12).
80 UPPER CRETACEOUS FORAMINIFERA OF GULF COASTAL REGION

Corsicana marl. Texas, Navarro County (25-27); Limestone 

County (29-31); Milam County (33); Travis County (34, 

35, 41); Caldwell County (44).

Arkadelphia marl. Arkansas, Hempstead County (70, 73).

Prairie Bluff chalk. Mississippi, Chickasaw County (84). Alabama, Wilcox County (100).

Saratoga chalk. Arkansas, Howard County (79).

Selma-chalk (upper part). Mississippi, Prentiss County (91); 

Union County (92). Tennessee, McNairy County (98). 

Alabama, Marengo County (104).

Ripley formation. Tennessee, Henderson County (96).

Neylandville marl. Texas, Red River County_ (50); Delta 

* County (52); Rockwall County (57); Kaufman County

(58, 62); Navarro County (66, 69). 

Taylor age.

Upper part of Taylor marl. Texas, Hunt County (115); Kaufman County (129); Navarro County (134); Milam County (139).

Pecan Gap chalk member of Taylor marl. Texas, Collin County 

(169); Falls County (178).

Selma chalk of Pecan Gap chalk age. Alabama, Marengo 

County (256).

Marlbrook marl. Arkansas, Howard County; Hempstead 

County.

Selma chalk (middle part). Tennessee, Hardin County (255). 

Mississippi, Prentiss County (261); Union County (262) ; 

Lee County (265, 268).

Annoria chalk. Texas, Red River County (192).

Lower part of Taylor marl. Texas, Lamar County (202); Delta

County (206).

Austin age. Selma chalk (lower part). Mississippi, Itawamba 

County (351).

Vaginolina simoudsi Carsey

Plate 29, figures 23-25 

Vaginulina simondsi Carsey, Texas Univ. Bull. 2612, p. 40, pi. 2,

fig. 4, 1926. 

Plummer, Texas Univ. Bull. 3101, p. 161, pi. 10, figs. 13-15,

1931.

Cushman and Todd, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., 

vol. 19, p. 58, pi. 10, fig. 18, 1943.

Test of medium size for the genus, much compressed, 

broadest toward the apertural end; periphery strongly 

carinate throughout, both dorsal and ventral sides nearly 

straight, thickened; initial end typically with a distinct 

spine; chambers fairly numerous,, distinct, low and 

broad, increasing rather uniformly in width as added, not 

distinctly curved; sutures distinct, somewhat limbate 

especially on the dorsal side, flush with the surface, 

straight; wall usually ornamented with longitudinal 

costae, in general parallel to the dorsal border, often 

stronger in the early stages; aperture somewhat protruding, at the dorsal angle, radiate. Average length about 

2 mm.

This is a much less common species than Vaginulina 

webbervillensis, which is a much larger, smoother form, 

with a tendency to become rapidly broader toward the 

apertural end, resulting in a convex ventral border and 

strongly curved sutures. The two occur together and may 

possibly be only varieties of a single species. In a previous work the writer has misidentified this species, as 

will be seen by a reference to the synonymy under other 

species. Others have done likewise, and it now seems 

that the specific name should be limited to the species 

from beds of upper Navarro age defined by Mrs. Plummer, who has chosen a new type specimen, the holotype 

having been lost.

Navarro age. 

Kemp clay. Texas, Hopkins County (1); Williamson County

(11); Travis County (13). 

Corsicana marl. Texas, Navarro County (25, 27, 28); Bexar

County (46). 

Arkadelphia marl. Arkansas, Hempstead County (71, 73).

Prairie Bluff chalk. Mississippi, Chickasaw County (86, 87). 

Alabama, Wilcox County (100); Sumter County (102). 

Ripley formation. Mississippi, Pontotoc County (90). 

Neylandville marl. Texas, Delta County (51).

Vaginulina cretacea Plummer

Plate 30, figures 11-14 

Vaginulina gracilis Plummer var. cretacea Plummer, Texas Univ.

Bull. 2644, p. 172, pi. 2, fig. 8, 1927. 

Vaginulina cretacea Cushman, Geol. Soc. America Bull., vol. 47,

p. 417, pi. 1, fig. 5, 1936.

Cushman and Todd, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., 

vol. 19, p. 59, pi. 10, fig. 20, 1943.

Test very elongate, somewhat compressed, slender, 

slightly tapering, usually slightly arcuate; dorsal side 

concave, ventral side convex, periphery rounded; chambers numerous, very distinct, inflated slightly if at all, 

increasing gradually in height from the earlier chambers, 

which are much lower than broad, to the adult, in which 

they are often as high as broad; earlier chambers with 

very slight traces of coiling; sutures very distinct, slightly 

oblique in the early stages, nearly at right angles to the 

periphery in the adult, somewhat limbate, the central 

portion on each side raised and appearing as an elongate 

beadlike protuberance; wall smooth except for the raised 

sutures; aperture radiate, slightly produced, at the dorsal 

angle. Length up to nearly 5, mm., breadth 0.40 to 0.50 

mm., thickness 0.20 to 0.25 mm.

The type of this species is from clays in the upper part 

of the Navarro group about 5 feet below the Midway 

greensand, bank of Walker Creek 6 miles N., 15° E. of 

Cameron, Milam County, Tex.

The species is somewhat similar to Vaginulina silicula 

(Plummer) Cushman but is narrower, without the initial 

spine, with less of a tendency to coil at the base, and 

with the raised beads of the sutures more elongate and 

less rounded. The vertical range of this species is much 

greater than that of V. silicula, and it is much more 

common, but it is distinctive of beds of Navarro age. 

It occurs in material dredged from the canyons of 

Georges Bank.

Navarro age.

Kemp clay. Texas, Navarro County (4); Williamson County 

(11, 12); Travis County (16, 17); Guadalupe County (18, 

20, 21).

Corsicana -marl. Texas, Hurtt County (24); Navarro County 

(25-27); Limestone County (30, 31); Falls County (32); 

Travis County (34, 36, 41); Caldwell County (44); Guadalupe County (45); Bexar County (46).

Arkadelphia marl. Arkansas, Hempstead County (70-72).

Prairie Bluff chalk. Mississippi, Chickasaw County (84-87). 

Alabama, Wilcox County (99, 100).

Saratoga chalk. Arkansas, Hempstead County (80).

Ripley formation. Mississippi, Pontotoc County (90).

Vaginulina navarroana Cushman

Plate 29, figures 17-22 

Vaginulina navarroana Cushman, Geol. Soc. America Bull., vol.

47, p. 416, pi. 1, fig. 3, 1936. 

Cushman and Hedberg, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research

Contr., vol. 17, p. 90, pi. 22. fig. 1, 1941. 

Cushman and Todd, idem, vol. 19, p. 59, pi. 10, fig. 16, 1943.

Test typically 2 to 3 times as long as broad, strongly 

compressed, somewhat fusiform in front view, periphery 

rounded; chambers few, fairly distinct, elongate, highest 

at the dorsal margin, very slightly inflated; sutures 

strongly curved, especially at the dorsal end, often tending to become slightly sigmoid, somewhat depressed; 

wall ornamented by distinct, raised costae, somewhat 

oblique and usually independent of the individual chambers; aperture radiate, somewhat projecting, at the dorsal
LAGENIDAE 81

border. Length up to 1.10 mm., breadth 0.25 to 0.30 

mm., thickness 0.07 to 0.10 mm.

The type is from Cretaceous greensand of Navarro age, 

Canyon II, Tow 6, Georges Bank. This species is characteristic of the Corsicana marl and occurs as far down as 

the Nacatoch sand. It is somewhat variable in its 

ornamentation and in the relative breadth of the test, 

but the general characters are rather definitely held. 

Typical specimens occur in the Mito Juan formation and 

the upper part of the Colon formation in Colombia.

Navarro age.

Kemp clay. Texas, Navarro County (3, 4).

Corsicana marl. Texas, Navarro County (27); Limestone 

County (29-31); Travis County (36, 39, 42, 43); Bexar 

County (46).

Prairie Bluff chalk. Mississippi, Chickasaw County (85). Alabama, Sumter County (101, 102).

Nacatoch sand. Arkansas, White County (76).

Vaginuliiia suturalis Cushman

Plate 30, figures 1-3 

Vaginulina suturalis Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research

Contr., vol. 13, p. 102, pi. 15, figs. 5-7, 1937. 

Vaginulina strigillata Cushman (not Reuss), Cushman Lab. Foram.

Research Contr., vol. 6, p. 26, pi. 4, figs. 1, 9, 10, 1930.

Test slender, elongate, tapering, much .compressed, 

greatest breadth made by the last-formed chamber, 

periphery rounded or slightly truncate, initial end acute; 

chambers distinct, very slightly if at all inflated, increasing very gradually but regularly in breadth and height; 

sutures distinct, straight or slightly curved, very strongly 

oblique, slightly raised, broken by numerous short costae 

parallel to the straight edge of the test; wall smooth except for the raised and costate sutures; aperture radiate, 

slightly produced, at the dorsal angle. Length up to 

3.00 mm., breadth 0.35 to 0.40 mm., thickness 0.10 to 

0.15 mm.

The types are from what is probably the Nacatoch 

sand, Arkadelphia, Clark County, Ark.

This species was originally identified as V. strigillata 

Reuss, but specimens from his type locality at Luschitz, 

Bohemia, show the two to be distinct. The species is 

characterized by the lack of costae on the chambers 

themselves, but they are developed on the sutures. 

Typical specimens are very long and slender. The 

species seems to be most characteristic of the upper beds 

of Taylor age but extends higher in the section.

Navarro age.

Kemp clay. Texas, Williamson County (11).

Neylandville marl. Texas, Navarro County (68).

Nacatoch sand. Arkansas, Clark County (74). 

Taylor age.

Upper part of Taylor marl. Texas, Red River County (105); 

Hunt County (116); Collin County (118, 120); Limestone County (137); Leon County (138); Williamson 

County (144); Bexar County (159).

Pecan Gap chalk member of Taylor marl. Texas, McLennan 

County (177); Falls County (178).

Selma chalk of Pecan Gap chalk age. Alabama, Marengo 

County (256).

Wolfe City sand member of Taylor marl. Texas, Collin County 

(183).

Lower part of Taylor marl. Texas, Ellis County (234). N

Vaginulina webbervillensis Carsey

Plate 30, figures 5-10 

Vaginulina webbervillensis Carsey, Texas Univ. Bull. 2612, p. 39,

pi. 2, fig. 7, 1926. 

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr.. vol. 6,

p. 27, pi. 4, fig. 14, 1930.

Plummer, Texas Univ. Bull. 3101, p. 160, 1931. 

Cushman and Todd, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr.,

vol. 19, p. 59, pi. 10, figs. 21a, b, 1943. 

Todd, Am. Jour. Sci., vol. 242, p. 334, pi. 1, figs. 9-18, 1944.

Test very large, much compressed, broadest toward 

the apertural end, periphery usually bicarinate or tricarinate in the young, usually rounded and smooth in 

.the adult; dorsal edge nearly straight, thickened; ventral 

edge much convex; initial end typically with a distinct 

spine; chambers 'numerous, distinct, low and broad, 

curved, increasing rapidly in width as added; sutures 

distinct, somewhat limbate, especially on the dorsal side, 

usually flush with the surface, strongly curved backward 

toward the initial end, which develops a few costae; aperture somewhat protruding, at the dorsal angle, radiate. 

Length up to 6.00 or 7.00 mm., breadth very variable.

This is a very large and well-marked species, most 

characteristic of the Corsicana marl and other beds 

younger than the Nacatoch sand. It is the largest of 

our Cretaceous species and is often very abundant.

It has been confused with the somewhat similar species 

that occur in the Taylor marl and the Eagle Ford shale. 

The Taylor species usually has both margins costate, 

and it lacks the initial spine.

Our specimens show the following distribution:

Navarro age. 

Kemp clay. Texas, Navarro County (7); Limestone County

(8); Williamson County (11); Guadalupe County (18). 

Corsicana marl. Texas, Hunt County (24); Navarro County

(25-28); Limestone County (30, 31); Falls County (32);

Travis County (34-41); Caldwell County (44); Bexar

County (46).

Arkadelphia marl. Arkansas, Hempstead County (70, 72, 73). 

Prairie Bluff chalk. Mississippi, Chickasaw County (84-86).

Alabama, Wilcox County (100); Sumter County (103).

Vaginulina subgracilis Cushman

Plate 30, figure 4 

Vaginulina subgracilis Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research

Contr., vol. 13, p. 103, pi. 15, fig. 13, 1937. 

Cushman and Todd, idem, vol. 19, p. 59, pi. 10, fig. 22, 1943. 

Vaginulina gmcilis Cushman (not Plummer), Tennessee Div. Geology Bull. 41, p. 34, pi. 4, fig. 11, 1931.

Test elongate, very slightly compressed; the earliest 

portion partially coiled, especially in the microspheric 

form; remainder .of test uniserial, with the greatest 

breadth attained before the test is half completed, and 

containing the same breadth thereafter; periphery 

rounded; chambers distinct, little inflated except at the 

apertural end, increasing gradually in height as added, 

earliest chambers about 3 times as broad as high, in the 

adult slightly higher than broad; sutures limbate, those 

of the .earliest portion somewhat raised and strongly 

thickened in the middle, in the last-formed portion becoming somewhat depressed; wall smooth, except for the 

raised sutures, finely perforate; aperture terminal, 

radiate. Length up to 1.60 mm., breadth 0.18 mm.

The types are from the Corsicana marl, pit of Corsicana Brick Co., 2 miles south of courthouse at Corsicana, 

Navarro County, Tex. (26).

This species differs from V. gracilis Plummer in the 

somewhat smaller size and the more cylindrical, less 

tapering, and less compressed test.

Navarro age.

Corsicana marl. Texas, Navarro County (26, 27). 

Ripley formation. Tennessee, Henderson County (96).

Vaginulina taylorana Cushman

Plate 28, figures 28, 29 

Vaginulina taylorana Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research

Contr., vol. 14, p. 36, pi. 5, fig. 19, 1938. 

Cushman and Deaderick, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 18, p. 334, 

pi. 52, fig. 4, 1944.

Test elongate, somewhat compressed, periphery subacute, dorsal side straight or somewhat concave, initial
82 UPFER CRETACEOUS FORAMINIFERA OF GULF COASTAL REGION

end rounded, without a spine; chambers numerous, distinct, much broader than high, increasing very gradually 

in size as added, the early chambers showing a slight 

tendency toward coiling; sutures distinct, limbate, the 

median portion of each thickened, forming an elongate, 

elliptical, beadlike process; wall smooth except for the 

thickened sutures; aperture radiate, at the dorsal angle, 

only slightly projecting. Length up to 3.00 mm., breadth 

0.70 mm., thickness 0.50 mm.

The types are from the upper part of the Taylor marl 

5 miles southeast of Taylor, Williamson County, Tex.

This species seems to be confined to the Taylor marl, 

where it is more common in the upper portion. In some 

respects is resembles some of the species described by 

D'Orbigny from -the Craie blanche of the Paris Basin. 

It is not identical, however, as a comparison with his 

species has shown. The species also resembles Vaginulina silicula Plummer in the swollen central areas above 

the sutures, but is very different in its other characters.

Taylor age. 

Upper part of Taylor marl. Texas, Williamson County (142);

Bexar County (156, 160).

Marlbrook marl. Arkansas, Clark County; Hempstead County. 

Lower part of Taylor marl. Texas, Ellis County (234).

. Vaginulina barcoensis Cushman and Hedberg

Plate 66, figure 10

Vaginulina barcoensis Cushman and Hedberg, Cushman Lab. 

Foram. Research Contr., vol. 17, p. 90, pi. 22, fig. 2, 1941.

Test strongly compressed, initial end acute, with a 

blunt spine, dorsal margin with a distinct keel, ventral 

margin truncate, greatest breadth near the base; chambers distinct, not inflated, increasing gradually in size 

as added, each reaching back to the basal line; sutures 

distinct, curved, slightly limbate; wall ornamented with 

numerous, very fine, longitudinal costae, nearly parallel 

to the dorsal margin; aperture terminal, radiate. Length 

0.70 to 0.75 mm., breadth 0.25 mm., thickness 0.03 mm.

The types are from the lower zone of the Colon formation, Quebrada Mito Juan, Department of Santander del 

Norte, Colombia.

This .species differs from V. navarroana Cushman in 

the extension of all the chambers to the basal margin, 

more compressed test, and the numerous, very fine, longitudinal costae.

. Genus PAT.MTTT.A Lea, 1833 

Palmula cushniani (Morrow) Cushman

Plate 32, figures 15, 16

Flabellina cushmani Morrow, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 8, p. 194, 

pi. 29, fig. 25, 1934.

Test large, broad, much compressed, greatest breadth near the 

base, sides strongly convex in outline, rounded in edge view; 

chambers distinct, numerous, quite uniform in shape, the very 

early ones showing distinct coiling; sutures distinct, very slightly 

depressed, bearing at their apex a low, rounded elevation; wall 

smooth except for the depressed sutures and low elevations at the 

apex. Length about 2.15 mm., breadth about 2 mm.

The holotype of this species is from the basal part of 

the Niobrara formation, sec. 32, T. 11 S., R. 16 W., Ellis 

County, Kans.

A study of the holotype of this species, which is here 

refigured, shows that the species occurs in typical form 

in the lower part of the Austin chalk of Texas. It may 

be distinguished from P. suturalis (Cushman) Cushman, 

of which it may be the ancestral form, by the sutures of 

the early portion which are not raised and platelike as 

in that species.

Austin chalk. Texas, Dallas County (297, 298, 342, 343, 345); 

Collin County (337). 

f

Palmula suturalis (Cushman) Loetterle

Plate 32, figures 3-14

Flabellina rugosa Heron-Alien and Earland (not D'Orbigny), 

Royal Micr. Soc. Jour., p. 422, pi. 8, fig. 7, 1910.

Franke, Greifswald Univ., Geol.-palaeont. Inst., Abh., vol. 6, 

p. 64, pi. 5, fig. 12, 1925; Preuss. geol. Landesanstalt Abh., 

new ser., vol. Ill, p. 92, pi. 8, figs. 18a, b, 1928.

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 6, 

p. 32, pi. 4, fig. 15, 1930; Jour. Paleontology, vol. 5, p. 307, 

pi. 35, fig. 10, 1931.

Plummer, Texas Univ. Bull. 3101, p. 166, pi. 12, fig. 4, 1931.

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 7, 

p. 38, pi. 5, fig. 3, 1931.

Sandidge, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 6, p. 279, pi. 42, fig. 22,

1932. 

Flabellina suturalis Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research

Contr., vol. 11, p. 86, pi. 13, figs. 9-18, 1935.

Palmula suturalis Loetterle, Nebraska Geol. Survey Bull., ser. 2, 

bull. 12, p. 28, pi. 3, fig. 5, 1937.

Cushman and Deaderick, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research 

Contr., vol. 18, p. 60, pi. 13, fig. 1, 1942; Jour. Paleontology, vol. 18, p. 334, pi. 52, fig. 5, 1944.

Test rhomboid or somewhat cordate at the base, much 

compressed; periphery truncate; chambers of the early 

portion coiled, usually forming a single coil or less before 

the chevron-shaped chambers are developed, width of the 

chambers increasing gradually as the test develops; sutures very distinct, very high and platelike in the earliest 

portion, thence less high as development progresses, outer 

apical portion somewhat convex but not ending in a 

separate loop; wall smooth, polished; aperture radiate, 

terminal, often with a slight neck. Length' 2.00 mm., 

breadth 1.50 mm.

The holotype is from the Taylor marl 20 feet above top 

of Marlin chalk, Waco road 1 mile west-southwest of 

Prairie Hill, Limestone County, Tex.

This species, which has been confused with Palmula 

rugosa (D'Orbigny) Cushman, is rather widely distributed in the American Upper Cretaceous, ranging 

through beds of Austin age upward into the lower and 

middle beds of Taylor age. It is apparently present also 

in Europe, where it has also been confused with P. rugosa. 

It occurs in the Cretaceous of the West Indies and at 

Quebrada Honda, Venezuela. In some respects P. suturalis resembles P. rugosa, but the sutures are usually 

higher, the intermediate surface sjnooth, and loops are 

not typically developed at the apical end of the chambers. The two species occur together at only a few of the 

more than 60 stations from which material of the two 

species is available.

Navarro age. . Saratoga chalk. Arkansas, Howard County (79).

Selma chalk (upper part). Mississippi, Prentisa County (91).

Neylandville marl. Texas, Delta County (51); Kaufman

County (58, 62). 

Taylor age.

Upper part of Taylor marl. Texas, Collin County (121); Limestone County (135, 136).

Marlbrook marl. Arkansas, Clark County; Howard County; 

Hempstead County.

Ozan formation. Arkansas, Little River County (254).

Pecan Gap chalk member of Taylor marl. Texas, Collin County 

(172); Falls County (178).

Selma chalk (middle part). Mississippi, Prentiss County (260).

Annona chalk. Texas, Red River County (195, 198).

Lower part of Taylor marl. Texas, Collin County (211, 212); 

McLennan County (238); Bell County (245).
LAGENIDAE 83

Austin age. 

Gobcr tongue of Austin chalk. Texas, Fannin County (273);

Lamar County (288). 

Austin chalk. Texas, Dallas County (296, 297, 299, 300, 302,

304, 305, 307-311, 326, 339, 344); Hill County (313, 314,

346).

Bonhani clay. Texas, Lamar County (327). 

Brownstown mar.!. Arkansas, Sevier County.

Palmulu rugosa (D'Orbigny) Cushmaii

Plate 31, figures 9-17 

Fl'abeUina rugosa D'Orbigny, Soe. geol. France Mem., 1st ser.,

vol. 4, p. 23, pi. 2, ligs. 4, 5, 7, 1840. 

Reuss (in Geinitz), Grundriss cler Verstein., p. 658, pi. 24,

fig. 23, 1845-46. 

D'Orbigny, Prodrome cle paleontologie stratigraphique universelle des animaux mollusques et rayonnes, vol. 2, p.

281, No. 1379, 1850. 

Reuss, Akacl. Wiss. Wien, Math.-naturwiss. Kl., Denkschr.,

vol. 7, pt. 1, p. 67, 1854; idem, Sitzungsber., vol. 40, p. 215,

1860; idem, vol. 52, Abt. 1, p. 453, 1865. 

Karrer, K. K. geol. Reichsanst. Jahrb., vol. 20, p. 176, 1870. 

Marsson, Naturw. Ver. Neu-Vorpommern u. Riigen Mitt.,

Jahrg. 10, p. 140, 1878. 

Goes, K. svenska vetensk. akad. Handl., vol! 15, pt. 4,

No. 2, pi. 2, fig. 4, 18S9. 

Beissel, Preuss. geol. Landesanstalt Abh., new ser., vol. 3,

p. 47, pi. 9, figs. 20-24; pi. 16, figs. 30, 31, 1891. 

Egger, K. bayer. Akad. Wiss., Math.-naturh. Abt., Abh.,

Kl. 2, vol. 21, p. 108, pi. 10, figs. 5, 6; pi. 13, figs. 1, 2, 1899;

Naturwiss. Ver. Passau Ber., p. 30, pi. 1, fig. 8, 1907. 

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 3,

p. 189, 1927. 

Sandidge, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 6, p. 279, pi. 42, fig. 22,

1932. 

Brotzen, Zeitschr. Deutschen Palastina-Vereins, Jahrg., p.

45, 1934. 

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 11,

p. 83, pi. 13, figs. 1-6, 1935. 

Palmula rugosa Cushman, Foraminifera, Ed. 3, Key, pi. 20, fig. 8,

1940; Cushman' Lab. Foram. Research Contr.. vol. 20.

p. 8, pi. 2; fig. 6, 1944. 

Cushman and Deaderick, Jour. Paleontology, vol. IS. p. 335.

pi. 52, fig. 7, 1944. 

Flabeliina interpunctata Vou de Marck, Naturh. Ver. preuss.

Rheinland Verb., vol. 15, p. 53, pi. 1, fig. 5, 1858. 

Reuss, Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-naturwiss. Kl., Sitzungsber.,

vol. 40, p. 216, pi. 9, fig. 1, 1860. 

Heron-Alien and Earland, Royal ,Micr. Soc. Jour., p. 422,

pi. 8, fig. 5, 1910. 

Franke, Naturh. Ver. preuss. Rheinlande u. Westfalens

Verb., 69 Jahrg. vol. 59, 1912, p. 277 (1913). 

Chapman, W. Australia Geol. Survey Bull. 72, p. 34, pi. 10,

fig. 91, 1917. 

Franke, Greifswald Univ., Geol.-paleont. Inst., Abh., vol. 6,

p. 64, pi. 5, fig. 13, 1925; Preuss. geol. Landesanstalt Abh.,

new sev., vol. Ill, p. 92, pi. 8, fig. 17, 1928. 

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 6,

p. 30, pi. 4, figs. 16, 17, 1930; Jour. Paleontology, vol. 5,

p. 307, pi. 35, fig. 9, 1931.

Plurnmer, Texas Univ. Bull. 3101, p. 163, pi. 12, figs. 1-3, 1931. 

Cushman, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 6, p. 336, 1932. 

Sandidge, Am. Midland Naturalist, vol. 13, p. 194, pi. 19,

figs. 12-14, 1932; Jour. Paleontology, vol. 6, p. 279, pi. 42

fig. 21, 1932. 

Frondicularia projecta Carsey. Texas Univ. Bull. 2612, p. 41, pi 6

fig. 5, 1926. 

Flabeliina projecta Phimmer, idem, Bull. 3101, p. 165, pi. 12 fies

5-8, 1931. 

Frondicularia baudouiniana Cushman (not D'Orbigny), Cushrnan

Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 2, pt. 1, p. 21, pi. 3,

fig. 5, 1926; Jour. Paleontology, vol. 1, p. 155, pi. 24, fig'

13, 1927.

a

Test sagittate to rhomboid or even broadly elliptical 

in outline, much compressed, sides nearly flat, periphery 

truncate; early chambers coiled, especially in the microspheric form, later chambers chevron-shaped, narrow 

and of uniform width, extending back on both sides, often 

at first nearly enclosing the earlier coiled chambers; 

sutures raised and sharp, later chambers with a loop at

the apical end; wall between the raised sutures with a 

series of small, raised papillae; apertural end projecting, 

with a slight neck. Length up to 1.20 mm., breadth 

1.00 mm.

This species was originally described by D'Orbigny 

from the Upper Cretaceous Craie blanche of the Paris 

Basin. The type figures do not show any of the surface 

ornamentation except the sutures. However, D'Orbigny's original description includes the following, "couvert 

partout de granulations inegales." Figures 13 and 14 

represent specimens from the White Chalk of the Paris 

Basin, and show the typical ornamented surface. Another of the characters that is not shown in the type 

figures, but that is distinct in most specimens, is the 

peculiar semicircular structure at the upper angle of each 

chamber at the median line of the test. This is noted 

in D'Orbigny's description as follows, "toutes marquees 

sur leurs sutures d^une crete saillante venant former un 

demi-cercle en avant du sommet de chaque loge."

These two sets of characteristics are very well marked 

in the type specimens and also in the American specimens, 

although our figured specimens, most of which are not 

completely mature, do not show the semicircular markings as clearly as in some others. It has been interesting 

to see in European collections that this species was correctly named by Karrer in his Austrian material and also 

by Franke. From a study of topotype material representing the localities cited in papers noted in the references, Flabeliina interpunctata Von der Marck is a definite 

synonym of D'Orbignys' F. rugosa, and the two have the 

same general vertical range in Europe, in general the 

equivalent of the Taylor marl of America. In the 

American Cretaceous P. rugosa is a characteristic species 

of the beds of Taylor age and its equivalents, the Pecan 

Gap chalk, Wolfe City sand, Annona chalk, and the 

middle part of the Selma chalk. Available material 

shows that the species is somewhat variable but that the 

essential characters are firmly held.

Somewhat similarly marked species are found higher 

in the series in the Upper Cretaceous of Trinidad and 

in the Arkadelphia. marl and the Paleocene Midway 

group of Texas and Arkansas.

Navarro age.

. Corsicana marl. Texas, Falls County. 

Selma. chalk (upper part). Mississippi, Prentiss County (91);

Union County (92). Alabama, Marengo County (104). 

Nacatoch sand. Arkansas, Clark County (74). 

Saratoga chalk. Arkansas, Howard County (79); Hempstead

County (81). Neylandville marl. Texas, Red River County (50); Rockwall

County (57); Kaufrnan County (58, 60, 61); Navarro

County (63, 66, 68, 69). 

Taylor age.

Upper part of Taylor marl. Texas, Red River County (105-

107); Lamar County (110); Hunt County (115, 116);

Collin County (118, 120-122); Rockwall County (123,

124); Kaufman County (125, 128-131); Navarro County

(134); Limestone County (135-137); Leon County (138) ;

Williamson County (140); Bexar County (152, 158). 

Marlbrook marl. Arkansas, Howard County; Hempstead

County.

Ozan formation. Arkansas, Little River County (254). 

Pecan Gap chalk member of Taylor marl. Texas, Hunt County

(168); Collin County (169, 171); Rockwall County (175);

Falls County (178); Delta County (165, 166). 

Selma chalk of Pecan Gap chalk age. Alabama, Marengo

County (256). 

Selma chalk (middle part). Mississippi, Alcorn County (259);

Prentiss County (261); Lee County (266). 

Wolfe City sand member of Taylor marl. Texas, Collin County

(180, 181); Navarro County (188). 

Annona chalk. Texas, Bowie County (189, 190); Red River

County (196, 198).
UPPER CRETACEOUS FORAMINIFERA OF GULF COASTAL REGION

Lower part of Taylor marl. Texas, Delta County (206); Collin 

County (209); Kaufman County (229); Ellis County 

(234); Travis County (250).

Austin age. Gober tongue of Austin chalk. Texas, Lamar County (288).

Palmula reticulata (Reuss) Cushman

Plate 31, figures 1-6 

Flabellina reticulata Reuss, Haidinger's Naturwiss. Abh., vol. 4,

pt. 1, p. 30, pi. 1, fig. 22, 1851; Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math. 

naturwiss. Kl., Sitzungsber., vol. 44, pt. 1, 1861, p. 326

(1862). 

Olszewski, Sprawozd. Kom. Fizyj. Akad. Umiej., Krakowie,

vol. 9, p. 110, 1875. 

Marsson, Naturw. Ver. Neu-Vorpommern u. Riigen Mitt.

Jahrg. 10, p. 139, 1878. 

Egger, K. bayer. Akad. Wiss., Math.-naturh. Abt., Abh.,

Cl. 2, vol. 21, p. 107, pi. 13, figs. 5-7, 1899. 

Franke, Greifswald Univ., Geol.-paleont. Inst., Abh., vol. 6,

p. 64", pi. 5, fig. 14, 1925; Preuss. geol. Landesanstalt Abh.,

new ser., vol. Ill, p. 93, pi. 8, fig. 19, 1928. 

White, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 2, p. 204, pi. 28, fig. 15, 1928. 

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 6, p.

32, pi. 4, figs. 18, 19, 1930. 

Cushman and Jarvis, U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc., vol. 80, art. 14,

p. 37, pi. 11, fig. 15, 1932. 

Brotzen, Deutschen Paliistina-Vereins Zeitschr., Jahrg., 1934,

p. 46, 1934. 

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 11,

p. 87, pi. 13, fig. 19, 1935. 

Frondicularia reticulata Bagg, U. S. Geol. Survey Bull. 88, p. 50,

pi. 3, fig. 6, 1898. 

Weller, New Jersey Geol. Survey, Paleontology, vol. 4,

p. 230, pi. 2, fig. 30, 1907. 

Plummer, Texas Univ. Bull. 2644. pp. 39, 172, pi. 2, fig. 5, 1927. 

Palmula reticulata Cushman, Foraminifera, Ed. 3, Key, pi. 20, fig.

9, 1940. 

Cushman and Todd, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr.,

vol. 19, p. 60, pi. 10, fig. 23, 1943. 

Flabellina favosa Beissel, Preuss. geol. Landesanstalt Abh., new

ser., vol. 3, p. 49, pi. 19, figs. 25-28; pi. 26, fig. 28, 1891. 

Frondicularia cf. F. interpunctata Cushman (not Von der Marck),

Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., vol. 10, No 6, 

"p. 598, pi. 20, fig. 6, 1926.

Test much compressed, sides nearly or quite flat, outline of test variable, rhomboid or the base rounded, even 

lobed, periphery truncate, early portion coiled, later 

chambers extending back on both sides; chambers distinct, chevron-shaped, narrow; sutures distinct, raised 

somewhat, the surface of the test between covered by a 

raised network of octagonal meshes, with the long axis 

at right angles to the sutures; aperture slightly produced, 

radiate. Length up to 2.00 mm., breadth 1.50 to 2.00 

mm.

The species was originally described from the Upper 

Cretaceous of Europe and occurs there rather widely 

distributed in the uppermost Cretaceous. Topotype 

material of Reuss' species from Lemberg has been studied 

and also topotype material of Beissel's species Flabellina 

favosa from the Upper Cretaceous of Friedrichsberg near 

Aachen. The two are evidently synonyms. Most of the 

European material I have seen is rather rhomboid in 

outline, whereas most of the American specimens are 

cordate. There are however many specimens which 

seem to bridge over these differences in shape. The 

range both in Europe and America is very similar, limited 

to the uppermost Cretaceous.

In the American Cretaceous material', the species is 

limited to beds of Navarro age, with one exception. 

That is material designated as from the upper part of 

the Taylor marl from the Marquez . salt dome, Leon 

County, Tex. The species is particularly abundant in 

the Corsicana marl.

Navarro age. 

Kemp clay. Texas, Navarro County (5, 7); Williamson County

(11, 12); Travis County (17); Guadalupe County (18, 21). 

Corsicana marl. Texas, Hunt County (24); Navarro County

(25-27); Limestone County (30, 31); Falls County (32);

Caldwell County (44).

Arkadelphia marl. Arkansas, Hempstead County (70, 72, 73). 

Prairie Bluff chalk. Mississippi, Chickasaw County (84, 86, 87). 

Nacatoch sand. Texas, Bowie County (47). 

Taylor marl, upper part. Texas, Leon County (138).

Palmula primitiva Cushman

Plate 32, figures 1, 2 

Palmula simplex Cushman (not Reuss), Cushman Lab. Foram.

Research Contr., vol. 14, p. 36, pi. 6, fig. 1, 1938. 

Palmula primitiva Cushmau, idem, vol. 15, p. 91, pi. 16, figs. 4, 5,

1939. 

Cushman and Hedberg, idem, vol. 17, p. 90, pi. 21, figs. 36,

37, 1941.

Cushman and Deaderick, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 18, p. 335, 

pi. 52, fig. 6, 1944.

Test elongate, much compressed, greatest thickness at 

the umbo, formed by the proloculum, thinning thence 

toward the periphery; the later portion greatly compressed, rounded at the base, sides in the adult nearly 

parallel; periphery acute, at the base slightly carinate; 

early portion closely coiled, later uncoiling, and in the 

adult with a few chambers chevron-shaped; chambers 

distinct, not inflated; sutures distinct, slightly limbate, 

not depressed; wall with very delicate, longitudinal 

striae; aperture terminal, elongate, with a slender neck. 

Length up to 1.60 mm., breadth 0.30 to 0.35 mm.

The types are from Pecan Gap chalk member of the 

Taylor marl, on secondary road to Otto at crossing of 

"Big Creek," 3.2 miles southwest of Mart, McLennan 

County, Tex. The species occurs at several localities in 

the upper part of the Taylor marl and should make a 

good index fossil for this part of the section. It also 

occurs in the upper zone of the Colon formation of 

Colombia.

P. primitiva differs from P. rugosa in the nearly parallel sides .and very smooth surface ornamented with very 

numerous, very fine, longitudinal striae.

Taylor age.

Upper part of Taylor marl. Texas, Hunt County (116); Kaufman County (131); Bexar County (158, 161).

Pecan Gap chalk member of Taylor marl. Texas, Collin County 

(169); McLennan County (177).

Marlbrook marl. Arkansas, Howard County.

Palmula pilulata Cushman

. Plate 32, figures 18-21

Palmula pilulata Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., 

vol. 14, p. 37, pi. 6, fig. 2, 1938..

Test much compressed; periphery truncate except 

about the initial portion which is carinate, with a thin 

transparent' flange; early portion coiled; chambers distinct, comparatively few, early coiled chambers of rather 

uniform shape, increasing very gradually in size; adult 

chambers chevron-shaped, extending backward at the 

sides but not including much of the early coiled chambers; sutures limbate, very slightly raised, each of the 

earlier sutures ending at the inner end in a raised bead, 

slightly elongate; wall smooth except for the raised sutures; aperture in the adult terminal, radiate, very 

slightly projecting. Length up to 3.00 mm., breadth 

2.00 mm.

The types are from the Bonham marl on U. S. Highway 271, 4.5 miles north of Paris and 0.7 mile south of 

Hinckley, Lamar County, Tex. (327).

The species is well developed at this locality and has
LAGENIDAE 85

been found in the B on ham marl in well samples. It 

.should make an excellent marker for this formation. P. 

pilulata differs from P. elliptica (Nilsson) Cushman in the 

much greater coiled stage, the somewhat raised sutures,' 

and beaded ornamentation.

Palmuln semireticulata (Cushmau and Jarvis) Cushman

Plate 31, figures 7, 8 

Flabellina semireticulata Cushman and Jarvis, Cushman Lab.

Foram. Research Contr., vol. 4, p. 98, pi. 13, fig. 14, 1928; 

 U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc., vol. 80, art. 14, p. 38, pi. 11, fig. 14,

1932. 

Flabellina reticulata Cushman and Jarvis (not Reuss), idem, p. 37,

pi. 11, fig. 15, 1932. 

Frondicularia cf. F. interpunctata Cushman (not Von der Marck),

Arn. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., vol. 10, p. 598,

pi. 20, fig. 3, 1926.

Test rhomboid in front view, much compressed, apertural end extended; chambers and sutures obscured by 

the surface ornamentation, which consists of a more or 

less irregular reticulation, the sides of the polygonal 

areas raised, thin, and platelike. Length 0.60 mm., 

breadth 0.35 mm.,, thickness 0.08 mm.

The types of this species are from the Upper Cretaceous beds in the pit at Lizard Springs, near Guayaguayare, southeastern Trinidad. It also occurs in the 

Vclasco shale, Hacienda el Limon, Mexico.

The reticulations, instead of being very elongate and 

regular as in F. reticulata, are much smaller and much 

more irregular in both size and shape.

Palmula jurvisi (Cushman) Cushman

Plate 31, figures 18-20 

Flabellina interpunctata Cushman and Jarvis (not Von der Marck),

U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc., vol. 80, art. 14, p. 38, pi. 12, fig. 1,

1931. 

Flabellina jarvisi Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr.,

vol. 11, p. 85, pi. 13, figs. 7, 8, 1935.

Test elongate, rhomboid or semielliptical, much compressed, sides flattened, periphery truncate; earliest 

chambers coiled but very quickly followed by typical 

chevron-shaped chambers, each newly added chamber 

failing to extend over the preceding one on the periphery, 

narrow, of uniform width; sutures very high and platelike 

at the apical end of each chamber and ending in one or 

several semicircular loops; surface between the sutures 

strongly papillate; aperture radiate, somewhat projecting. 

Length 1.50 mm., breadth 0.80 mm.

The types are from the Upper Cretaceous beds in the 

pit at Lizard Springs, near Guayaguayare, southeastern 

Trinidad. The species also occurs in Trinidad in Cretaceous boulders in conglomerate'on "Bon Accord" estate, 

1.4 miles from Pointe-a-Pierre Railroad Station, San 

Fernando, Trinidad.

This species is more accelerated than P. rugosa 

(D'Orbigny) Cushman, with a much narrower test, fewer 

coiled chambers, the sutures very high and platelike with 

numerous semicircular or irregularly-shaped loops. 

Somewhat similar specimens occur in the uppermost 

Cretaceous Velasco shale, near Velasco station, Hacienda 

el Limon, Mexico.

Palmula elliptica? (Nilsson) Brotzen

Plate 32, figure 17

The large form figured here is from the Upper Cretaceous of Trinidad (Cushman and Jarvis, U. S. Nat. Mus. 

Proc., vol. 80, art. 14, p. 39, pi. 12, fig. 2, 1932). It is 

very questionably referred to Nilsson's species as that is 

typically much narrower and more elongate.

Genus FRONDICULARIA Defiance, 1826 

Frondicularia lanceola Reuss

Plate 33, figures 1-4 

Frondicularia lanceola Reuss, Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-naturwiss.

Kl., Sitzungsber., vol. 40, p. 198, pi. 5, figs, la, b, 1860. 

Perner, Ceska Akad. Cisare Frantiska Josefa, Trida 2, p. 38, 

. pi. 3, fig. 2, 1897. 

Egger, K. bayer. Akad. Wiss., Math.-naturh. Abt., Abh., Kl.

2, vol. 21, p. 87, pi. 15, figs. 9, 10, 1899. 

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 6,

p. 38, pi. 5, figs. 18, 19, 1930. 

Sandidge, Am. Midland Naturalist, vol. 13, p. 357, pi. 32,

fig. 7, 1932.

Jeuniugs, Bull. Am. Paleontology, vol. 23, No. 78, p. 23. 

pi. 2, fig. 20, 1936.

Test very elongate, slender, much compressed, tapering 

from the proloculum to the greatest width toward the 

apertural end; periphery usually rounded or subacute; 

chambers distinct, increasing gradually in size as added, 

very slightly inflated, proloculum elongate, in many 

specimens with a short spine; sutures distinct, slightly 

depressed; wall smooth, sometimes showing faint traces 

of longitudinal costae; aperture terminal, radiate, usually 

with a somewhat extended neck. Length up to 6.00 mm., 

breadth 0.50 to 0.60 mm.

This species was originally described from the Upper 

Cretaceous of Westphalia, Germany. In the present 

material it seems to be most characteristic of the Taylor 

marl. It also occurs in the Navesink marl and Mt. 

Laurel sand of New Jersey.

Navarro age.

Corsicana marl. Texas, Bo\yie County (23).

Prairie Bluff chalk. Mississippi, Chickasaw County (86). Alabama, Wilcox County (100); Sumter County (103). 

Taylor age.

Upper part of Taylor marl. Texas, Collin County (118, 121); 

Rockwall County (124); Navarro County (132); Limestone County (136); Williamson County (140).

Pecan Gap chalk member of Taylor marl. Texas, McLennan 

County (177); Falls County (178).

Annona chalk. Texas, Bowie County (189); Red River County 

(193, 194, 198).

Lower part of Taylor marl. Texas, Collin County (209); Dallas 

County (222, 224, 225); Kaufman County (228, 229); 

Ellis County (234); McLennan County (239, 242); Travis 

County (250). 

Austin age.

Gober tongue of Austin chalk. Texas, Fannin County (281); 

Lamar County (287, 288).

Austin chalk. Texas, Grayson County (289, 290); Dallas County 

(304, 306).

?Selma chalk of upper Austin age. Alabama, Pickens County 

(352).

Brownstown marl. Texas, Lamar County (321).

Bonham marl. Texas, Lamar County (327, 331).

Frondicularia lanceola Reuss var. bidentata Cushman

Plate 33, figures 5-8

Frondicularia vemeuiliana D'Orbigny var. bidentata Cushman, 

Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 6, p. 37, pi. 5, 

figs. 13-15, 1930.

Loetterle, Nebraska Geol. Survey Bull., 2d ser., Bull. 12, 

p. 28, pi. 3,' figs'. 6, 7, 1937.

Variety differing from the typical form in having the 

upper ends of the sutures thickened and projecting above 

the surface in a series of paired, short ribs.

This form seems to be most common in beds of Austin 

age but apparently has a wide range.

Navarro age. Prairie Bluff chalk. Alabama, Wilcox County (99). 

Taylor age.

Upper part of Taylor marl. Texas, Limestone County (136).

Lower part of Taylor marl. Texas, Dallas County (217, 223); 

Travia County (250).
86 UPPER CRETACEOUS FORAMINIFERA OF GULF COASTAL REGION

Austin age.

Burditt marl (of Adkins). Texas, Travis County (270). 

Gober tongue of Austin chalk. Texas, Fannin County (276-278,

280, 281); Lamar County (282, 288). 

Austin chalk. Texas, Collin County (295); Dallas County (296,

300, 305-307, 310, 311); Bell County (315, 316). 

Brownstown marl. Texas, Lamar County (320).

Frondicularia austinana Cushman

Plate 33, figures 9, 10

Frondicularia austinana Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research 

Contr., vol. 12, p. 13, pi. 3, figs. 12, 13, 1936.

Test much compressed, broad faces flattened; outline 

nearly elliptical, somewhat more pointed at the apertural 

end, initial end with a short spine; periphery entire, 

slightly truncate; chambers narrow, elongate, increasing 

rather regularly in size as added, earliest chambers in 

microspheric form tending to be flabelline, proloculum 

elongate, narrow; sutures distinct, flush with the surface, 

gently but rather evenly convex toward the outside; wall 

with short, nearly vertical costae, several on each chamber, and not crossing the sutures; aperture small, at the 

end of a very slight neck.. Length about 2.00 mm., 

breadth 0.50 to 0.70 mm., thickness 0.10 to 0.12 mm.

This species is characteristic of the Austin chalk but 

occurs sparingly in the lower beds of Taylor age. The 

early chambers in what seem to be microspheric -specimens have a flabelline arrangement, but in those with a 

much larger proloculum the chambers are often frondicularian throughout.

It is probable that the specimen figured as Frondicularia cordai from the Austin chalk (Cushman Lab. 

Foram. Research Contr., vol. 6, p. 34, pi. 5, fig. 17, 1930) 

belongs here.

Taylor marl, lower part. Texas, Collin County (210); Dallas

County (216, 217); Williamson County (246). 

Austin age. 

Burditt marl (of Adkins). Texas, Bell County (269); Travis

County (271). 

Gober tongue of Austin chalk. Texas, Fannin County (277,

280); Lamar County (282). 

Austin chalk. Texas, Grayson County (289); Collin County

(295); Dallas County (309, 310); Bell County (316). 

Eagle Ford shale. Texas, Dallas County (359).

Frondicularia inversa Reuss

Plate 33, figures 11-18 

Frondicularia inversa Reuss, Geognostische Skizzen Bohmen, vol.

2, pt. 1, p. 211, 1844; Verstein bohm. Kreideformation,

pt. 1, p. 31, pi. 8, figs. 15-19; pi. 13, fig. 42, 1845; Paleontolographica, vol. 20, pt. 2, 1872-75, p. 94, pi. 2 (21), figs.

5-7, 11 (1874). 

Perner, Foram. Ceskeho Cenomanu (Resume), p. 59, pi. 7,

fig. 9, 1892. . , 

Franke, Greifswald Univ., Geol.-palaeont. Inst., Abh., vol. 6,

p. 48, pi. 4, fig. 1, 1925. 

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 12,

p. 16, pi. 3, figs. 23, 24, 1936.

Test elongate, elliptical, very strongly compressed, 

periphery rounded, base with a short, stout spine; chambers distinct, the proloculum narrow, elongate, later 

chambers gradually failing to reach the base, giving a 

narrow tapering shape to that part of the test; sutures 

distinct, flush with the surface, gently curved, usually 

crossed by fine vertical costae, especially near the apertural end of each; wall smooth or occasionally with a 

few, short, vertical costae; aperture terminal, radiate. 

Length 3.00 mm. or more, breadth 1.25 to 1.50 mm.

This species has been recorded by various authors 

whose combined records give a range from the Lower 

Cretaceous Gault to the top of the Upper Cretaceous. 

A glance at the figures given will show how dissimilar

the various forms grouped under this name are. Fortunately the Cambridge (Massachusetts) set of Reuss' 

specimens has a fine suite named by him. In our 

American material the species is characteristic of beds of 

Austin age but apparently ranges somewhat higher. 

Material recorded under this name from the Taylor marl 

is not characteristic and is referred elsewhere.

Navarro1 age.

Arkadelphia marl. Arkansas, Clark County (74).

Ripley formation. Tennessee, Henderson County (96). 

Taylor marl, upper part. Texas, Bexar County (158). 

Austin age.

Gober tongue of Austin chalk. Texas, Lamar County (288).

Austin chalk. Texas, Bell County (315, 316).

Brownstown marl. Texas, Lamar County (321).

Frondicularia dunbari Morrow

Plate 34, figures 1, 2

Frondicularia dunbari Morrow, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 8, p. 192, 

pi. 29, figs. 7a, b, 22, 1934. . '

Test elongate, tapering evenly with greatest width near the base 

of the last chamber, much compressed, faces nearly parallel; due to 

the curvature of the outer margin of the chambers the periphery 

is slightly scalloped. Periphery truncate, sometimes becoming 

rounded in the last chambers; initial end small, bluntly pointed; 

chambers distinct, of uniform shape, evenly spaced, apertural end 

extended; sutures distinct, usually slightly depressed, nearly 

straight; wall smooth except for the slight depression of the 

sutures; aperture radiate, at the end of a slight protuberance. 

Length 1.15 mm., breadth 0.36 mm., thickness 0.14 mm.

In outline, this species shows a striking resemblance to F. archiaciana D'Orbigny [Soc. geol. France Mem., ser. 1, vol. 4, p. 20, 

pi. 1, figs. 34-36, 1840] but they may be distinguished by the 

raised and sigmoidally curved sutures of the latter. The evenly 

tapered and scalloped sides and the slightly depressed sutures are 

believed to distinguish F. dunbari from other described species. 

The several specimens in the collection show this species to be 

quite constant in its characters.

Fairly common at several localities but restricted to the basal 

Niobrara. - Holotype from SE.%, sec. 12, T. 12 S., R. 17 W., Ellis County, 

Ivans. U. S. National Museum, No. 75368.

The above description and notes are from the original. 

The type specimen is redrawn.

It occurs in the Austin chalk of Texas at numerous 

localities.

Austin age.

Burditt marl (of Adkins). Texas, Travis County (271). 

Gober tongue of Austin chalk. Texas, Fannin County (279,

280); Lamar County (283, 288). . 

:Austin chalk. Texas, Grayson County (289); Dallas County 

(299, 344); Bell County (316).

Frondicularia extensa Morrow

Plate 34, figures 3, 4

Frondicularia extensa Morrow, Jour. Paleontology, vol. S, p. 193, 

pi. 29, fig. 31, 1934.

Test broadly elongate, greatest breadth above but near the 

middle, strongly compressed, faces nearly parallel, periphery 

broadly rounded'in edge view, slightly scalloped in outline, initial 

end bluntly pointed; chambers distinct, rather few in number, of 

uniform shape and spacing, apertural end extended; sutures distinct, slightly depressed, nearly straight; wall smooth except for 

the slight depression of the sutures; aperture radiate, at the end 

of a slender protuberance; proloculum slightly inflated. Length 

1.1 mm., breadth 0.5 mm.

This species is readily distinguished from F. dunbari by its 

much greater breadth compared to the length, fewer chambers, and 

general outline. No other described species has been encountered 

which resembles it closely.

From the basal Niobrara. Found only at the locality given 

below.

Holotype from sec. 32, T. 11 S., R. 16 W., Ellis County, Kans. 

U. S. National Museum, No. 75369.

The above description and notes are from the original. 

The type specimen is redrawn.
LAGENIDAB 87

Froiidicularia aclis Morrow

Plate 34, figures 5-8 

Frondicularia aclis Morrow, Jour. Paleontology, vol. S, p. 193, pi.

29, fig. 30, 1934. 

Brot:nen, Sver.iges geol. undersokning, ser. C, No. 396, p. 103,

pi. 6, fig. 4, 1936.

Gush man and Deaderick, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research 

Contr., vol. IS, p. 60, pi. 13, fig. 4, 1942.

Test elongate, tapering, greatest breadth toward the apertural 

cud, much compressed, faces nearly parallel, periphery truncate, 

initial end bluntly pointed; chambers rather indistinct, of nearly 

uniform shape, apertural end bluntly pointed; sutures distinct, 

^lightly depressed, nearly straight, the depression of the sutures 

at the apex extended so as to give the appearance of a faint longitudinal furrow; wall covered with obscure longitudinal lirae; proloculurn bulbous, smooth or ornamented by one or more of the 

lirae which may continue onto it. Length about 1.2 mm., breadth 

0.35 mm.

The figured specimen, which has the apertural end broken, and 

another somewhat larger individual showing the^ aperture but 

lacking the initial end, are the only specimens of this type in the 

collection. The liration alone is sufficient to make this species 

easily distinguished from the other species of. Frondicularia given 

in this paper. It differs from F. yracitis Franke [Abhandl. Geol. 

Pal. Instit. Univ. Creifswald, vol. 6, p. 50, pi. 4, fig. 9, 1925] and 

/''. anf/itsta Nilsson [Petrif. Suec., p. 11, pi. 9, figs. 22a, A, 1827] in 

its much more subdued longitudinal ornamentation and more 

angular outline.

Basal Niobrara. Very rare.

Holotype from SE% sec. 12, T. 12 S., R. 17 W., Ellis County, 

Kans. U. S. National Museum, No. 75370.

The foregoing description and notes are from the original. The type specimen is redrawn.

This species is very close to F., striatula Reuss.

Specimens referable to this species occur rarely in our 

material from beds of Austin age and the lower beds of 

Taylor age. A typical specimen is figured by Brotzen 

from the Upper Cretaceous of "Sweden.

Taylor marl, lower part. Texas, Dallas County (216, 217, 219). 

Austin age.

Gober tongue of Austin chalk. Texas, Fannin County (278).

Austin chalk. Texas, Dallas County (303, 310).

Brownstown marl. Arkansas, Sevier County (347, 348).

Frondicularia uiidulosa Cushmaii

Plate 34, figures 9-13 

Frondicularia undulosa Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research

Contr., vol. 12, p. 13, pi. 3, figs. 7-11, 1936. 

Loetterle, Nebraska Geol. Survey Bull., 2d ser., Bull 12.

p. 29, pi. 3, figs. 8, 9, 1937. 

Cushman and Deaderick, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research

Contr., vol. 18, p. 60, pi. 13, figs. 2, 3, 1942. 

Cushman, idem, vol. 20, p. 89, 1944.

Test typically elongate, with the sides nearly parallel 

or gently tapering, but in some specimens somewhat 

broader and flaring; periphery truncately rounded, undulate; broader sides flattened; whole test thin; chambers 

distinct, increasing gradually in size as added, the basal 

portion rounded to form the lobular periphery; apertural 

end narrow, extended; sutures distinct, strongly oblique, 

nearly straight or slightly concave toward the outer side; 

wall smooth except for the proloculum in the megalospheric form, which has a^ single, raised, longitudinal 

costa, the base with a short, stout spine; aperture small, 

at the end of a somewhat slender neck. Length up to 

2.50 mm., breadth 0.50 to 0.75 mm., thickness 0.15 mm.

This species, with its undulate periphery and usually 

narrow test, seems to be characteristic of the Gober chalk 

member of the Austin, although a somewhat broader 

form, otherwise similar, occurs rarely at a few localities 

in the Taylor marl.

There is but a single raised costa on the proloculum, 

both in the more slender and in the broader forms. As

in many of the species" of this genus, the form is variable. 

In the Taylor specimens, which may be found to be distinct, the test is usually more flaring, but there seems to 

be a close relationship between the two forms.

Taylor marl.

Upper part. Texas, Limestone County (135).

Pecan Gap chalk member of Taylor marl. Texas, Hunt County 

(168).

Lower part. Texas, Collin County (210); Dallas County (225); 

McLennan County (239); Falls County (244); Williamson 

County (246). 

Austin age.

Gober tongue of Austin chalk. Texas, Fannin County (277); 

Lamar County (288).

Austin chalk. Texas, Dallas County (311, 342); Grayson County (326, 336); 6.5 miles east by north of Alien, Collin

, County.

Brownstown marl. Texas, Red River County (319). Arkansas, 

Sevier County.

Selma chalk (lower part). Mississippi, Itawamba County (351).

Frondicularia mucronata Reuss

Plate 34, figures 14-17

Frondicularia mucronata Reuss, Verstein. bb'hm. Kreideformation, 

pt. 1, p. 31, pi. 13, figs. 43, 44, 1845; Palaeontographica, 

vol. 20, pt. 2, 1872-75, p. 96, pi. 2, figs. 14-16 (1874).

Perner, Ceska Akad. Cisare Frantiska Josefa, Trida 2, vol. 3, 

p. 41, pi. 4, fig. 4, 1897.

Frauke, Greifswald Univ., Geol.-palaeont. Inst., Abh., vol. 6, 

p. 48, pi. 4, fig. 3, 1925; Preuss. geol. Landesanstalt Abh., 

new ser., vol. Ill, p. 61, pi. 5, fig. 5, 1928.

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 12, 

p. 15, pi. 3, figs. 16, 17, 1936.

The figured specimens shows the typical form of-this 

species, with basal spine, very elongate proloculum with 

a raised central ridge and nearly embracing chambers 

of rather uniform size extended at the apertural end into 

a definite neck, the sides flattened, periphery truncate, 

and sutures distinct but not depressed.

Reuss' tj'pes were from the Cretaceous of Bohemia. 

Typical material was seen in the collections of Reuss 

now in Dresden and Vienna. Some of the European 

material referred to this species is not correctly identified,- particularly that of Karrer, which was also examined. The above references are to the forms that 

seem to belong here.

In the American Cretaceous the species' occurs in 

typical form in the Gober tongue of the Austin chalk 

and is found also in the Taylor marl of Texas.

Taylor marl. 

Upper part. Texas, Hunt County (116); Limestone County

(135, 136).

Lower part. Texas, Dallas County (222).

Austin chalk. Gober tongue. Texas, Fannin County (275); 

Lamar County (282, 285).

Frondicularia goldfussi Reuss

Plate 34, figures 18-20; plate 35, figures 1, 2 

Frondicularia goldfussi Reuss, Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-naturwiss.

Kl., Sitzungsber, vol. 40, p. 192, pi. 4, fig. 7, 1860. 

Egger, K. bayer. Akad. Wiss., Math.-naturh., Abt., Abh., Kl.

2, vol. 21, p. 89, pi. 13. figs. 12, 13, 16, 17, 1899. 

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram Research Contr., vol. 6,

p. 33, pi. 5, fig. 3, 1930; idem, vol. 12, p. 15, pi. 3, figs.

21, 22, 1936. 

Cushman and Hedberg, idem, vol. 17, p. 91, pi. 22, figs. 7-10,

1941. 

Cushman, idem, vol. 20, p. 8, 1944; Am. Jour. Sci., vol. 242,

p. 611, pi. 1, figs. 12-14; pi. 2, figs. 1, 2, 1944. 

Cushman and Deaderick, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 18, p. 335,

pi. 52, figs. 11, 12, 1944.

The species has a basal spine and a rounded or slightly 

elongate proloculum, the following chambers increasing 

very slightly in width as added, the sutures becoming
88 UPPER CRETACEOUS FORAMINIFERA OF GULF COASTAL REGION

progressively more curved, slightly limbate, but not rising 

above the generally smooth, flattened, broad face of the 

test. The periphery is distinctly truncate, even slightly 

concave. The apertural end usually projects slightly 

into a very short, apertural neck. At the base, the 

chambers reach well back, and form a broadly wedgeshaped base with the central portion projecting.

Reuss' species, described from the Upper Cretaceous of 

Westphalia, Germany, occurs in rather typical form in 

the American, material. It seems to be most characteristic of the T'aylor marl, but there are a few specimens 

from the upper Austin that closely resemble these. It 

also occurs in the upper zone of the Colon shale in 

Colombia. The specimens figured under this name from 

the Annona chalk (Cushman, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 6, 

p. 336, pi. 50, figs. 8, 9, 1932) should be referred to 

Frondicularia cordata Roemer.

Taylor age. 

Upper part of Taylor marl. Texas, Limestone County (135);

Bexar County (158). 

Pecan Gap chalk member of Taylor marl. Texas, McLennan

County (177); Falls County (178); Delta County (166). 

Selma chalk of Pecan Gap chalk age. Alabama, Marengo County (256). 

Marlbrook marl. Arkansas, Howard County; Hempstead

County.

Annona chalk. Texas, Red River County (188a, 194). 

Lower part of Taylor marl. Texas, Dallas County (216, 219);

Kaufman County (228). 

Austin age. 

Burditt marl (of Adkins). Texas, Bell County (269); Travis

County (270). 

Gober tongue of Austin chalk. Texas, Fannin County (278);

Lamar County (282). 

Austin chalk. Texas, Dallas County (310); Bell County (315,

316).

Frondicularia cordata Roemer

Plate 35, figures 3-7 

Frondicularia cordata 'Roemer, Verstein. norddeutschen Kreidegebirges, 1840-41, p. 96, pi. 15, fig. 8 (1841). 

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 12,

p. 16, pi. 4, figs. 1-3, 1936. 

Cushman and Deaderick, idem, vol. 18, p. 61, pi. 13, figs.

7, 8, 1942.

Frondicularia goldfussi Cushman (not Reuss), Jour. Paleontology, 

vol. 6, p. 336, pi. 50/figsr 8, 9, 1932.

Test much compressed, flattened, periphery truncate, 

in the young rhomboid, later heart-shaped; microspheric 

form with a distinct, projecting, angular portion at .the 

base; chambers distinct in the adult, of rather uniform 

shape, increasing very gradually in size as added, proloculum in the megalospheric form with one or more 

longitudinal costae; sutures distinctly limbate, depressed 

little if at all, in the young fairly straight, becoming 

more curved in the adult; wall smooth; aperture terminal, 

radiate, slightly projecting. Length up to 3.00 mm., 

breadth up to 2.50 mm., thickness 0.15 mm.

Some of the specimens referred to F. cordai Reuss in 

the literature may belong here. The typical form is 

most common in the Taylor marl, but a few very similar 

specimens appear in the upper part of the Austin chalk.

Taylor age.

Upper part of Taylor marl. Texas, Limestone County (135,136).

Pecan Gap chalk member of Taylor marl. Texas, Falls County 

(178, 179).

Annona chalk. Texas, Red River County (192-194, 198).

Selma chalk (middle part). Mississippi, Prentiss County (261).

Lower part of Taylor marl. Texas, Dallas County (222, 223) ;

Ellis County (234). 

Austin age.

Gober tongue of Austin chalk. Texas, Lamar County (288).

Austin chalk. Texas, Hill County (312); Bell County (316).

Brownstown marl. Arkansas, Sevier County.

Frondicularia linearis Franke

Plate 35, figures 8-10 

Frondiculaiia -linearis Franke, Preuss. geol. Landesanstalt Abh.,

new ser., vol. Ill, p. 72, pi. 6, figs. 17, 18, 1928. 

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 12, 

p. 21, pi. 4, figs. 19, 20, 1936; idem, vol. 20, p. 8, pi. 2, fig. 7, 

1944; idem, vol. 20, p. 88, pi. 13, fig. 22, 1944. 

Cushman and Deaderick, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 18, p. 335, 

pi. 52, figs. 8, 9, 1944.

Test small, slender, with the sides nearly parallel or 

slightly tapering, compressed, the broad faces flat or 

slightly concave, periphery truncate, base with a stout, 

acicular spine; chambers few, rather uniform in shape, 

increasing gradually in size as added, not inflated, proloculum globular; sutures distinct, slightly limbate, 

slightly depressed; wall smooth except for the proloculum, 

which has a few longitudinal costae; aperture terminal, 

radiate. Length 1.00 to 1.50 mm., breadth 0.20 to 0.25 

mm.

It is possible that some of the specimens grouped under 

this name may be very narrow young specimens of other 

species. The species was originally described from the 

Cretaceous of northern Germany. From the record 

given here the species seems to range from the upper 

beds of Austin age through most of the beds of Taylor 

age.

Taylor age. 

Upper part of Taylor marl. Texas, Collin County (122); Kaufman County (129). 

Pecan Gap chalk member of Taylor marl. Texas, Collin County

(172); Kaufman County (173); Delta County (166). 

Marlbrook marl. Arkansas, Howard County; Hempstead

County.

Annona chalk. Texas, Red River County (193). 

Lower part of Taylor marl. Texas, Delta County (206); Collin

County (209, 210, 212); McLennan County (241). 

Austin age.

Gober tongue of Austin chalk. Texas, Lamar County (288). 

Austin chalk. Texas, Collin County (294, 324). 

Bonham marl. Texas, Grayson County (328). 

Selma chalk (lower part). Mississippi, Lee County (350);

Itawamba County (351).

Frondicularia intermittens Reuss

Plate 35, figures 11-13

Frondicularia intermittens Reuss, Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.- 

naturwiss. Kl., Sitzungsber., vol. 52, Abt. 1, p. 460, figs, 

lla, b, 1865. 

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 12,

p. 21, pi. 4, figs. 16^18, 1936. 

Cushman and Deaderick, idem, vol. 18, p. 61, pi. 13 figs

5, 6, 1942>

Cushman, idem, vol. 20, p. 9, pi. 2, fig. 10, 1944. 

Frondicularia invcrsa Cushman (not Reuss), Tennessee Div. Geology Bull. 41,;p. 35, pi. 5, figs. 1, 2, 1931.

Frondicularia verneuiliana Cushman (not D'Orbigny), Cushman 

Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 6, p. 36, pi. 5, fies. 

5, 6, 1930.

Test elongate, tapering; early chambers enlarging but 

slightly, after which the diameter increases more rapidly; 

much compressed, broad sides flattened, periphery 

rounded, base with a short, stout spine; chambers increasing in length but of about equal height throughout, 

proloculum globular; sutures distinct, nearly straight or 

very slightly curved, depressed very slightly if at all, 

occasionally crossed by fine longitudinal costae, especially toward the apertural end of the sutures; wall generally 

smooth, except for the sutures and the proloculum, which 

has a few, longitudinal costae; aperture terminal, radiate, 

somewhat projecting. Length up to 4.00 mm., breadth 

up to 0.80 mm.

This species is characteristic of the beds of Taylor 

age. It resembles F. clarki, of Navarro age, but that
LAGENIDAE 89

species has more curved sutures and a somewhat different 

shape.

Taylor age.

Upper part of Taylor marl. Texas, Delta County (114); Hunt 

County (115); Collin County (121); Navarro County 

(132); Limestone County (135, 136); Travis County 

(149); Bexar County (153, 158, 162).

Ozan formation. Arkansas, Little River County (254).

Pecan Gap chalk member of Taylor marl. Texas, Rockwall 

County (175); Falls County (178, 179); Delta County 

(166).

Selrna chalk of Pecan Gap chalk age. Alabama, Marengo County (256).

Selma chalk (middle part). Mississippi, Alcorn County (259); 

Lee County (267).

Annona chalk. Texas, Red River County (192).

Lower part of Taylor marl. Texas, Collin County (207, 209); 

Dallas County (219, 224); Bell County (245); Travis 

County (249). 

Austin age. Brownstowu marl. Arkansas, Sevier County.

Frondicularia frankei Cushman

Plate 35, figures 14-16; plate 36, figure 1

Frondicularia angusta Reuss (not Nilsson), Akad. Wiss. Wien, 

Math.-naturwiss. Kl., Sitzungsber., vol. 40, p. 196, pi. 4, 

, fig. 5, 1860.

Frondicularia archiaciana D'Orbigny var strigillata Bagg (not 

F. strigillata Reuss), U. S. Geol. Survey Bull. 88, p. 47, 

pi. 3, fig. 5, 1898.

Frondicularia gracilis Franke (not Perner), Greifswald Univ.,

Geol.-palaeont. Inst., Abh., vol. 6, p. 50, pi. 4, fig. 9, 1925.

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram Research Contr., vol. 6,

p. 37, pi. 5, fig. 16, 1930. 

Frondicularia frankei Cushman, idem, vol. 12, p. 18, pi. 4, figs.

6, 7, 1936; idem, vol. 20, p. 9, pi. 2, fig. 9, 1944. 

Cushman and Deaderick, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 18, p. 335, 

pi. 52, fig. 10, 1944.

Test elongate, tapering gradually from the subacute 

initial end to the greatest width near the apertural end, 

periphery truncate, central part of the test somewhat 

thickened; chambers numerous, gradually and regularly 

increasing in size; sutures slightly depressed in the later, 

portion, in the earliest portion often slightly raised, 

strongly oblique; wall of the individual chambers ornamented with strongly raised, short, stout, vertical costae, 

usually discontinuous over the sutures; aperture small, 

at the end of a short, projecting neck. Length up to 

5.00 mm., breadth 1.00 mm.

The species is characteristic of the upper and middle 

beds of Taylor age. There are similar specimens in the 

lower part of the Navarro. Its vertical range in Europe 

is very similar.

Navarro age.

Selma chalk (upper part). Mississippi, Prentiss County (91). 

Ripley formation. Tennessee, McNairy County (95). 

Neylandville marl. Texas, Rockwall County (57); Kaufman

County (60). 

Taylor age.

Upper part of Taylor marl. Texas, Lamar County (110); Limestone County (135, 136); Travis County (149); Bexar

County (152). 

Pecan Gap chalk member of Taylor marl. Texas, McLennan

County (177); Falls County (178); Delta County (166). 

Selma chalk of Pecan Gap chalk age. Alabama, Marengo

County (256). 

Selma chalk (middle part). Mississippi, Prentiss County (261) ;

Lee County (266). 

Wolfe City sand member of Taylor marl. Texas, Collin County

(181). , Marlbrook marl. Arkansas, Howard County. 

Lower part of Taylor marl. Texas, Dallas County (216); Bell

County (245).

Frondicularia cuspidate Cushman

Plate 36, figures 3-7

Frondicularia cuspidata Cushman, Tennessee Div. Geology Bull. 

41, p. 36, pi. 5, figs. 4, 5, 1931.

Sandidge, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 6, p. 278, pi. 42, figs. 16,

17, 1932. 

Brotzen, Sveriges geol. undersb'kning, ser. C, No. 396, p. 97,

pi. 6, fig. 2, 1936. 

Jennings, Bull. Am. Paleontology, vol. 23, No. 78, p. 23,

pi. 2, fig. 19, 1936. 

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 12,

p. 19, pi. 4, figs. 12-14, 1936. 

Frondicularia lanceola Cushman (not Reuss), idem, vol. 6, p. 38,

pi. 5, figs. 18, 19, 1930.

Test elongate, consisting of an elongate, tapering proloculum with a long tapering spine at the initial end, 

nearly circular, in transverse section, the later chamber 

or chambers much compressed, the periphery channelled; 

proloculum with several (5 or 6) longitudinal costae, 

later chambers smooth; sutures distinct, depressed; wall 

of later chambers smooth; aperture terminal, radiate. 

Length up to nearly 4.00 mm., breadth 0.40 mm.

This species was originally described from the Selma 

chalk of Tennessee, and later recorded by Sandidge from 

the Ripley formation of Alabama. Further study has 

shown that the species is common in the middle and 

upper parts of the Taylor marl of Texas and its equivalents, and in the Ripley formation of Tennessee. It is 

also recorded from the Upper Cretaceous of New Jersey 

and Sweden.

In the original type material two-chambered specimens 

were the most common, but later material has shown 

the adult to have several more chambers and to reach a 

length of nearly 4.00 mm.

The proloculum is very elongate, with a fairly long 

basal spine and several longitudinal costae. In the adult 

the periphery is often somewhat undulate, and the 

apertural end drawn out into a distinct elongate neck. 

The surface, except that of the proloculum, is unornamented.

Navarro age. Ripley formation. Tennessee, McNairy County

(94, 95).

Taylor age. , 

Upper part of Taylor marl. Texas, Red River County (106);

Lamar County (110). 

Pecan Gap chalk member of Taylor marl. Texas, McLennan*

County (177). 

Lower part of Taylor marl. Texas, Collin County (212).

Frondicularia cuspidata Cushman var. costifera Cushman

Plate 36, figure 8

Frondicularia cuspidata Cushman var. costifera Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 12, p. 21, pi. 4, 

fig. 15, 1936.

Variety differing from the typical form in the surface, 

which has the sutures of the adult distinctly depressed 

and the wall of the chambers, with distinct short costae.

Navarro age. Selma chalk (upper part). Mississippi, Union

County (92). Alabama, Marengo County (104). 

Taylor marl, upper part. Texas, Lamar County (110).

Frondicularia linguiformis Marsson

Plate 36, figures 9-11 

Frondicularia linguiformis Marsson, Naturw. Ver. Neu-Vorpommern u. Riigen, Mitt, Jahrg. 10, p. 135, pi. 2, figs. 14a-c,

1878. 

Franke, Naturh. Ver. preuss. Rheinlande u. Westfalens

Verh., 69 Jahrg., vol. 59, 1912, p. 273 (1913); Greifswald

Univ., Geol.-paleont. Inst., Abh., vol. 6, p. 50, pi. 4, fig.

14, 1925; Preuss. geol. Landesanstalt Abh., new ser., vol.

Ill, p. 65, pi. 5, figs. I7a, b, 1928. 

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 12,

p. 17, pi. 3, figs. -18-20, 1936.

Our figured specimens although young or fragmentary 

seem to belong to Marsson's species.
90 UPPER CRETACEOUS FORAMINIFERA OF GULF COASTAL REGION

The vertical costae between the sutures are very fine 

and numerous, and the whole test may reach a length 

of 5 mm. The test is narrow and gradually tapering, 

and the proloculum is rounded, with about 3 distinct 

longitudinal costae, and is thicker than the remainder 

of the test. The specimen figured from the Cretaceous 

of Trinidad as "Frondicularia gracilis Franke(?)" 

(Cushman and Jams, U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc., vol. 80, 

art. 14, p. 40, pi. 12, fig. 5, 1932) should be referred to 

Marsson's species.

This species was originally described by Marsson from 

the Upper Cretaceous chalk of the Island of Riigen and 

was recorded by Franke from chalks of similar age in 

northern Germany. Our figured specimens are from the 

Annona chalk at two localities east of Clarksville, Red 

River County, Tex. There are other specimens from the 

Taylor marl of similar age. These have been compared 

with type and topotype material, and our American 

specimens seem identical with the European specimens. 

The vertical range both in Europe and America is short 

and very similar, so that this should make an excellent 

species for correlation purposes.

Upper Cretaceous. Pit at Lizard Springs, near Guayaguayare,

southeastern Trinidad. 

Taylor age.

Upper part of Taylor marl. Texas, Guadalupe County (151).

Annona chalk. Texas, Red River County (195r-197).

Frondicularia microdisca Reuss

Plate 36, figure 2

Frondicularia microdisca Reuss, Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-naturwiss. Kl., Sitzungsber., vol. 40, p. 195, pi. 5, fig: 4, 1860. 

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 6, 

p. 33, pi. 5, fig. 4, 1930.

Test as, broad as or broader than long, much compressed, basal margin forming a broad angle, periphery 

rounded; chambers numerous, very low and broad, increasing gradually in size as added, height increasing 

very slightly if at all; sutures distinct, gently convex, 

nearly flush with the surface; wall smooth; aperture 

terminal, radiate, little if any extended beyond the general outline of the test. Length 2.50 to 3.00 mm., breadth 

2.50 to 3.25 mm.

The types of this species are from the Upper Cretaceous of Westphalia, Germany. In America specimens 

occur in the Taylor marl.

Taylor marl. Pecan Gap chalk member. Texas, Falls County 

(178).

Frondicularia veriieuiliaiia D'Orbigny

Plate 36, figures 12-15 

Frondicularia verneuiliana D'Orbigny, Soc. geol. France Mem.,

1st ser., vol. 4, p. 20, pi. 1, figs. 32, 33, 1840. 

Brown, Annals'and Mag. Nat. History, 2d ser., vol. 12, p.

241, pi. 9, fig. 5, 1853. 

Egger, Naturw. Ver. Passau, Ber., p. 29, pi. 1, figs. 6, 15, 16,

1907. 

Heron-Alien and Earland, Royal Micr. Soc. Jour., p. 419,

pi. 7, fig. 15, 1910. 

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 6,

p. 36, pi. 5, figs. 5, 6, 1930; idem, vol. 12, p. 19, pi. 4, fig.

11, 1936. 

Cushman and Deaderick, idem, vol. 18, p. 61, pi. 13, fig. 9,

1942. 

Cushman and Todd, idem, vol. 19, p. 60, pi. 10, fig. 24, 1943.

Test elongate, evenly tapering, compressed, the sides 

somewhat convex in the middle; edges very straight, 

slightly keeled, truncate; chambers distinct, very slightly 

if at all inflated, very gradually increasing in breadth 

but of almost uniform height throughout; sutures distinct, limbate, raised, slightly sigmoid, the upper ends 

distinctly swollen; wall smooth except for the proloculum, 

which has a very few longitudinal raised costae ; aperture 

terminal, radiate. Length up to 3.50 mm. or more, 

breadth 0.60 to 0.70 mm.

The American material seems identical with this 

species, known from the general Senonian of Europe. 

It occurs mostly in the beds of Taylor age of the Coastal 

Plain.

Navarro age.

Corsicana marl. Texas, Limestone County (30). 

Selma chalk (upper part). Mississippi, Prentiss County (91). 

Taylor age. 

Upper part of Taylor marl. Texas, Navarro County (134) ;

Limestone County (136). 

Ozan formation. Arkansas, Sevier County (253); Little. River

County (254). 

Pecan Gap chalk member of Taylor marl. Texas, Falls County

(178).

Annona chalk. Texas, Red River County (193). 

Lower part of Taylor marl. Texas, Delta County (206) ; Bell

County (245). 

Austin age.

Burditt marl (of Adkins). Texas, Travis County (271). 

Austin- chalk. Texas, Dallas County (297) ; Grayson County

(334). 

Brownstown marl. Arkansas, Sevier County.

Frondicularia verneuiliana D'Orbigny var. fossata Cushman

Plate 36, figures 16-19

Frondicularia verneuiliana D'Orbigny var. fossata Cushman, Cushnian Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 6, p. 36, pi. 5, 

figs. 7, 8, 1930.

Variety differing from the typical form in having a 

channe.1 along the middle of each broad face with a costa 

at each side.

This variety, which may be distinct from F. verneuiliana, is'' apparently confined to beds of Taylor age.

Taylor, age.

Upper part of Taylor marl. Limestone County (135, 136). 

Pecan Gap chalk member of Taylor marl. Texas, Falls County

Selma chalk (middle part). Mississippi, Alcorn County (258). 

Austin age.

Austin chalk. Texas, Dallas County (311). 

Gober tongue of Austin chalk. Texas, Lamar County (288).

Frondicularia striatula Reuss

 Plate 37, figures 1-4

Frondicularia striatula Reuss, Geognostische Skizzen Bohmen, vol. 

2, p. 212, 1844; Verstein. bohm. Kreideformation, pt. 1, 

p. 30, pi. 8, fig. 23, 1845; Palaeontographica, vol. 20, pt. 2, 

1872-75, p. 94, pi. 2 (21), figs. 2a-c (1874). 

Franke, Greifswald Univ., Geol.-palaeont. Inst., Abh., vol. 6, 

p. 51, pi. 4, fig. 15, 1925; Preuss. geol. Landesanstalt Abh., 

new ser., vol. Ill, p. 67, pi. 6, figs, la, b, 2, 1928. 

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 12 

 p. 18, pi. 4, figs. 4, 5, 1936. 

Cushman and Deaderick, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 18, p. 336

pi. 52, fig. 14, 1944.

Frondicularia gracilis Perner, Foram. Ceskeho Cenomanu (resume), 

p. 60, pi. 8, fig. 9, 1892.

Test elongate, compressed, the sides flattened, gently 

tapering, with the greatest width made by the last-formed 

chamber, basal end with or without a short spine, periphery truncate; chambers distinct, not inflated, increasing 

very gradually in size as added; sutures distinct, limbate, 

raised, slightly sigmoid, often slightly thickened at the 

upper end; wall ornamented with a few, short, distinctly 

raised, vertical costae; aperture terminal, radiate. 

Length up to 4.00 mm., breadth 0.75 mm.

Reuss described this species from the Upper Cretaceous 

of Bohemia and later recorded it from the Saxon Basin.
LAGENIDAB 91

Material from both these localities has been studied. 

The present figured specimens are from the Taylor marl.

Taylor marl.

Upper part. Texas, Red River County (108); Larnar County 

(110); Collin County (121).

Pecan Gap chalk member. Texas, McLennan County (177).

Marlbrook marl. Arkansas, Hempstead County. 

Austin chalk, Cober tongue. Texas, Lamar County (282).

Frondicularia glubrans Cushnian

Plate 37, figure 5

Frondicularia glabrans Cushman, Tennessee Div. Geology Bull. 41, 

p. 34, pi. 4, figs. 12a, b, 1931; Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 12, p. 16, 1936.

Test large, broad, flattened, greatest breadth near the 

base, sides strongly convex in outline, channeled in side 

view; chambers comparatively few, of nearly uniform 

shape; sutures distinct, not depressed; wall smooth; aperture terminal, radiate, slightly protuberant. Length 2.00 

mm. or more, breadth 1.50 mm., thickness 0.15 to 0.20 

mm.

The only locality for this species is the following:

Navarro age. Ripley formation. 1% miles west of Sardis on the 

Sardis-Henderson road, Henderson County, Tenn. (96).

Frondicularia waters! Cushman

Plate 37, figures 6, 7 

Frondicularia waLersi Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research

Contr., vol. 12, p. 14, pi. 3. figs. 14, 15, 1936. 

Cushman and Hedberg, idem, vol. 17, p. 91, pi. 22, fig. 6,1941. 

Frondicularia cordai Cushman (not Reuss), Jour. Paleontology, 

vol. 5, p. 307, pi. 35, fig. 8, 1931.

Test strongly compressed, broad faces flattened; outline generally elliptical, the apertural - end somewhat 

extended and the initial end tending to be truncated, 

with a stout basal spine; periphery entire, slightly truncate; chambers narrow, elongate, increasing rather 

regularly in size as added; earliest chambers in the 

microspheric form tending to be flabelline; proloculum 

elongate, narrow, in the microspheric form shorter and 

with several fine, longitudinal costae; sutures distinct, 

flush with the surface, toward the apertural end in manv 

specimens with fine vertical lines, rather evenly curved 

toward the periphery; wall smooth throughout except 

over the microspheric proloculum and the outer ends of 

the sutures; aperture small, at the end of a very slight 

neck. Length UP to 2.25 mm., breadth up to 0.85 mm., 

thickness 0.10 to 0.15 mm.

This species differs from F. austinana Cushman mainlv 

in the lack of the surface ornamentation. The base is 

usually somewhat more truncate, and the chambers tend 

to be narrower and more,numerous.

F. watersi is characteristic of the beds of Tavlor ape. 

with a few occurrences in the lower part of the Navarro..

Navarro age. 

Saratoga chalk. Arkansas, Howard County (79); Hempstead

County (80, 81).

Selma chalk (upper part). Alabama, Marengo County (104). 

Taylor age. 

Upper part of Taylor marl. Texas, Kaufman County (130);

Bexar County (152). 

Pecan Gap chalk member of Taylor marl. Texas, McLennan

County (177).

Selma chalk (middle part). Mississippi, Alcorn County (258). 

Lower part of Taylor marl. Texas. Collin County (209); Dallas 

County (225, 227); Travis County (250).

Frondicularia archiaciaiia D'Orbigny

Plate 37, figures 8-20 

Frondiculana archiaciana D'Orbigny, Soc. geol. France Mem., 1st

ser., vol. 4, p. 20, pi. 1, figs. 34-36, 1840. 

Eley, Geology in the garden, p. 197, pi. 4, fig. 19, 1859. 

Heron-Alien and Earland, Royal Micr. Soc. Jour., p. 419,

pi. 7, figs. 11, 12, 1910. 

Franke, Greifswald Univ., Geol.-palaeont. Inst., Abh., vol. 6,

p. 52, pi. 4, fig. 18, 1925; Preuss. geol. Landesanstalt Abh.,

new ser., vol. Ill, p. 71, pi. 6, figs. 14, 15, 1928. 

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 6,

p. 37, pi. 5, figs. 9-12, 1930; Tennessee Div. Geology Bull.

41, p. 35, pi. 4, figs. 13a, b, 1931. 

Sandidge, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 6, p. 278, pi. 42, figs. 15,

26, 1932. 

Cushman, idem, p. 335; Cushman Lab. Foram. Research

Contr., vol. 12, p. 19, pi. 4, figs. 8-10, 1936. 

Jennings, Bull. Am. Paleontology, vol. 23, No. 78, p. 22,

pi. 2, fig. 18, 1936. 

Cushman and Todd, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr.,

vol. 19, p. 60, pi. 10, fig. 26, 1943. 

Cushman, idem, vol. 20, p. 9, pi. 2, fig. 8, 1944.

Test elongate, gently tapering, greatest breadth toward 

the apertural end, compressed, sides flattened, periphery 

truncate; chambers distinct, not inflated, gradually increasing in size as added, proloculum rounded; sutures 

distinct, raised, limbate, slightly sigmoid; wall smooth, 

except for the raised sutures and the proloculum, which 

has several longitudinal costae; aperture terminal, radiate. Length up to 2.50 mm., breadth 0.50 to 0.65 mm.

The American material seems to be identical with that 

of Europe, as a study of topotype material has shown. 

The species is common in beds of Taylor age, .with a few 

localities in the lower beds of Navarro age. It is recorded 

from the Navesink marl of New Jersey.

Navarro age.

Corsicana marl. Texas, Limestone County (30). 

.Ripley formation. Tennessee, McNairy County (94, 95). 

Taylor age. 

Upper part of Taylor marl. Texas, Red River County (106);

Lamar County (110, 111); Hunt County (115); Collin

County (118); Kaufman County (130); Limestone County

(135, 136); Williamson County (140); Guadalupe County

(151); Bexar County (157, 158). 

Ozan formation. Arkansas, Sevier County (253); Little River

County (254).

Selma chalk (middle part). Mississippi, Prentiss County (261). 

Pecan Gap chalk member of Taylor marl. Texas, Hunt County

(168); Collin County (169); McLennan County (177);

Falls County (178); Delta County (165, 166). 

Wolfe City sand member of Taylor marl. Texas, Collin County

(180). 

Annona chalk. Texas, Bowie County (190); Red River County

(197, 198). 

Lower part of Taylor marl. Texas, Ellis County (234); Travis

County (250).

Frondicularia arkadelphiana Cushman

Plate 37, figures 21, 22

Frondicularia arkadelphiana Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram Research Contr., vol. 12, p. 12, pi. 3, figs. 2, 3, 1936.

Test elongate, narrow, slightly tapering, periphery 

truncate, slightly concave, broader surfaces nearly flat, 

proloculum spherical, somewhat thicker than the remainder of the test in the megalospheric form; chambers 

distinct, increasing gradually and regularly in size as 

added, not inflated; sutures distinct, strongly oblique, 

slightly curved, somewhat raised; wall ornamented with 

fine longitudinal, raised costae, becoming somewhat finer 

and more numerous on the later chambers, the costae at 

the base of each chamber fusing into the raised sutural 

ridge; aperture small, terminal, with a slight neck, radiately toothed. Length 2.00 mm. or more, breadth 0.65 

to 0.70 mm., thickness 0.25 mm.
92 UPPER CRETACEOUS FORAMINIFERA OF GULF COASTAL REGION

As far as seen, it is confined to the upper beds of 

Navarro age.

It also occurs at a locality assigned to the Arkadelphia 

marl 5l/2 miles northeast of Hope, Hempstead County, 

Ark., but this may be in the lower part of the Midway 

(Paleocene).

Navarro age.

Arkadelphia marl. Arkansas, Hempstead County (73). 

Prairie Bluff chalk. Alabama, Siimter County (101, 102).

Frondicularia clarki Bagg

Plate 38, figures 1-5 

Frondicularia clarki Bagg, U. S. Geol. Survey Bull. 88, p. 48, pi. 3,

fig. 4, 1898. 

Weller, New Jersey Geol. Survey, Paleontology, vol. 4,

p. 227, pi. 2, fig. 23, 1907. 

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 6,

p. 34, pi. 5, figs. 1, 2, 1930. 

Plummer (part), Texas Univ. Bull. 3101, p. 171, pi. 9, fig. 17

(not fig. 16), 1931. 

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 12,

p. 12, pi. 3, figs. 4-6, 1936. 

Jennings, Bull. Am. Paleontology, vol. 23, No. 78, p. 22,

pi. 2, fig. 21, 1936. 

Cole, Florida Dept. Cons. Geol, Bull. 16, p. 34 (list), pi. 2,

-fig. 11, 1938. 

Cushman and Todd, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr.,

vol. 19, p. 61, pi. 10, fig. 25, 1943.

The test in the microspheric form has a shape near the 

base somewhat different from that of the megalospheric 

form. The surface is smooth, but the sutures are usually 

distinct and peculiarly curved, giving an almost elliptical 

shape to the test, especially in the adult megalospheric 

form. The whole test is very flat and thin. The initial 

end usually has a short spine, and the megalospheric 

proloculum may have a few longitudinal costae. Bagg 

described this species from the Upper Cretaceous of 

Atlantic Highlands, N. J.

It has been recorded by Jennings from the Navesink 

marl of New Jersey and by Cole from Selma chalk of 

Florida wells.

In the Texas Cretaceous material, it has been found to 

be common and characteristic of the upper beds of 

Navarro age, particularly the Corsicana marl.

Navarro age.

Corsicana marl. Texas, Navarro County (25-27); Limestone 

County (30, 31); Falls County (32); Travis County (41).

Prairie Bluff chalk. Mississippi, Chickasaw County (84). Alabama, Sumter County (101).

Saratoga chalk. Arkansas, Hempstead County (81).

Frondicularia dimidia Bagg

Plate 38, figure 6 

Frondicularia angusta (Nilsson) Reuss var. dimidia Bagg, U. S.

Geol. Survey Bull. 88, p. 47, pi. 3, figs. 7a, b, 1898. 

Weller, New Jersey Geol. Survey Paleontology, vol. 4, p.

225, pi. 2, figs. 20, 21, 1907.

Frondicularia dimidia Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research 

Contr., vol. 12, p. 11, pi. 3, fig. 1, 1936.

This species was originally described from deposits 

near Vincentown, N. J., was then assigned to the Cretaceous, but is'now placed in the Eocene. It is characterized by an elongate, narrow, tapering test, thickest 

along the median line, thence decreasing in thickness to 

the periphery. The sutures are strongly oblique and 

depressed. The main body of each chamber is somewhat raised and ornamented by strongly raised sutures; 

longitudinal costae are usually wanting over the sutures. 

As Nilsson's species is very poorly described and figured, 

it cannot be determined satisfactorily, and Bagg's variety 

is here given specific rank.

Frondicularia dimidia Bagg occurs in the present-Cretaceous material from the lower part of the Navarro 

group in the Neylandville marl, southeast edge of Greenville, 0,3 mile south of fair grounds, Hunt County, Tex. 

(55).

Frondicularia jarvisi Cushman

Plate 38, figure 7

Frondicularia jarvisi Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research 

Contr., vol. 15, p. 91, pi. 16, fig. 6, 1939.

Frondicularia archiaciana Cushman (not D'Orbigny), idem, vol. 

2, pt. 1, p. 21, pi. 3, fig. 4, 1926.

Frondicularia sp. Cushman, Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists 

Bull., vol. 10, p. 598, pi. 20, fig. 2, 1926.

Frondicularia elongata Cushman and Jarvis (not Olszewski), Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 4, p. 98, pi. 14, 

fig. 1, 1928; U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc., vol. 80, art. 14, p. 39, 

pi. 12, fig. 3, 1932.

Test narrow, elongate, initial end with a short, stout 

spine, sides for the most part nearly parallel; chambers 

and sutures largely hidden by the ornamentation, which 

consists of high, longitudinal costae running from base to 

apex, those of the proloculum swinging toward the middle 

of the test with new costae coming in from the sides in 

the adult; aperture terminal, radiate. Length up to 

1.20 mm., breadth 0.25 mm.

The type locality is in the Upper Cretaceous beds at 

the pit at Lizard Springs, near Guayaguayare, southeastern Trinidad.

This species differs from F. striatula Reuss in the 

character of the surface, which consists of high, platelike 

costae, not broken at the sutures, and sides nearly parallel instead of tapering. F. jarvisi also occurs in the 

Velasco shale of Mexico.

A somewhat similar form was figured by White (Jour. 

Paleontology, vol. 2, p. 205, pi. 29, fig. 3, 1928) as F. 

elongata. This is from the Mendez shale and seems to be 

F. striatula Reuss.. Olszewski already had given the 

name elongata to a European species in 1875.

Frondicularia sp.

Plate 38, figure 8

Frondicularia gracilisf Cushman and Jarvis (not Franke), U. S. 

Nat. Mus. Proc., vol. 80, art. 14, p. 40, pi. 12, fig. 5, 1932.

This beautifully ornamented species is represented by 

a fragment only but seems to be distinct from any of the 

others recorded from the American Cretaceous. It is 

from the Upper Cretaceous of Trinidad.

Genus KYPHOPYXA Cushman, 1929 

Kyphopyxa christneri (Carsey) Cushman

Plate 38, figures 12-17; plate 39, figures 1-12 

Frondicularia christneri Carsey, Texas Univ. Bull. 2612, p. 41, pi. 6,

fig. 7, 1926. 

Kyphopyxa christneri Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research

Contr., vol. 5, p. 1, pi. 1, figs. 1-7, 1929. 

Church, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 3, p. 411, 1929. 

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 6,

p. 33, pi. 4, fig. 20, 1930; p. 85, pi. 12, fig. 2, 1930. 

Cushman and Hedberg, idem, p. 65, pi. 9, fig. 5, 1930. 

Vanderpool, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 4, pp. 254, 255, (lists),

1930. 

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Special Pub. 2.

pi. 3, fig. 2, 1930. 

Plummer, Texas Univ. Bull. 3101, p. 168, pi. 12, figs. 9-19,

1931. 

Cushman, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 6, p. 336, pi. 50, figs. 11,

12, 1932; Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Special Pub. 5,

pi. 21, figs. 1, 2, 1933. 

Loetterle, Nebraska Geol. Survey Bull., 2d ser., Bull. 12

p. 29, pi. 4, fig. 1, 1937. 

Cushman and Deaderick, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research

Contr., vol. 18, p. 62, pi. 14, figs. 1-7, 1942. 

Cushman, idem, vol. 20, p. 89, pi. 13, figs. 23, 24, 1944.
LAGENIDAE 93

Test much compressed, heart-shaped or variously 

shaped in front view, apertural end usually narrowed to 

a point at the aperture; periphery truncate, early portion 

usually thicker than the later, adult portion; chambers 

distinct, consisting of a globular proloculum followed by 

usually 2 or 3 chambers that make the beginning of a 

planispiral coil, as in Palmula, then followed by several 

chambers alternating, each as added extending farther 

and farther back, in some specimens overlapping below 

the proloculum to form a broadly curved base, in others 

reaching back only to the level of the proloculum to form 

a straight base, or falling short of the early portion to 

leave a somewhat angular base, adult chambers chevronshaped, more compressed than the earlier chambers, in 

many specimens entirely enveloping the borders of the 

previous ones, sutures distinct, limbate, those of the early 

stages strongly raised, often platelike, standing high above 

the general level, in the adult greatly reduced and even in 

some specimens slightly incised; wall smooth, except for 

the raised sutures; aperture terminal, radiate. Length 

up to 3.00 mm., breadth 2.00 mm.

But a single species of the genus Kyphopyxa appears 

to be present. It ranges from the Austin chalk, where 

it is abundant at many localities, up to the higher portions of the Taylor marl. Two other species have been 

named, and the figures and descriptions are reproduced 

below so that they may be readily available, but both 

seem to come within the range of variation of K. 

christneri.

The figures given on our plate show the different 

shapes that may be assumed by this species, especially 

when the specimens represent different stages in development. The genus seems to have arisen in the Austin of 

Texas and not to have extended beyond the American 

area, though it is found in the Upper Cretaceous of 

California and Venezuela.

Taylor age. 

Upper part 1 of Taylor marl. Texas, Limestone County (136);

Bexar County (163).

Anacacho limestone (upper part). Texas, Bexar County (164). 

Ozan formation. Arkansas, Sevier County (253); Little River

County (254). 

Pecan Gap chalk member of Taylor marl. Texas, Falls County

(178). 

Selma chalk (middle part). Mississippi, Lee County (268). 

Wolfe City sand member of Taylor marl. Texas,- Hunt County

186). 

Annona chalk. Texas, Red River County (188a, 194, 195, 198). 

Lower part of Taylor marl. Texas, Red River County (199);

Lamar County (202); Collin County (207-209, 211);

Dallas County (219, 221, 223, 225); Kaufman County

(228, 229); Ellis County (232; Navarro County (236);

McLennan County (241-243); Falls County (244); Bell

County (245); Williamson County (246); Travis County

(247, 249, 250). 

Austin age. 

Burditt marl (of Adkins). Texas, Bell County (269); Travis

County (270, 271). 

Cober tongue of Austin chalk. Texas, Fannin County (276-

280); Lamar County (282-285, 288). - Austin chalk. Texas, Grayson County (289, 290, 333, 335);

Collin County (292, 295, 295a, 324); Dallas County (300-

303, 305-309, 326); Hill County (312, 313); Bell County

(315, 316). 

Brownstbwn marl. Texas, Red River County (319). Arkansas,

Sevier County (347, 348). 

Selma chalk (lower part). Mississippi, Lee County (350); Itawamba County (351).

Kyphopyxa undulata Loetterle

Plate 38; figures 10, 11

Kyphopyxa undulata Loetterle, Nebraska Geol. Survey Bull., 2d 

ser., Bull. 12, p. 30, pi. 4, figs. 2, 3, 1937.

Test triangular in outline, widest at or slightly above the middle,

compressed, periphery undulate below the middle; chambers of 

the early portion flabelline, later biserial, in the adult stage uniserial and saggitate, long and narrow in the biserial and uniserial 

portions of the test; sutures flush or faintly incised at the base of 

the chambers, elevated into sharp ridges across the apices, in some 

specimens tending to form small apical loops, straight in the 

uniserial portion; aperture terminal, faintly radiate, protruding. 

Length of holotype, 1.18 mm.; greatest breadth, 0.63 mm.; thickness, 0.27 mm.

So far as the writer is aware, this is the second species of Kyphopyxa to be described. It differs from K. christneri (Cushman) 

[(Carsey)] in the shape of the test, being widest near or above the 

middle. Each chamber is shorter at the base than the one preceding, giving rise to a strongly tapering lobulate periphery below 

the middle. Thus, there is no tendency for later chambers to 

curve toward and around the proloculum as in K.. christneri. 

Plummer's figure 13 approaches K. undulata but has its greatest 

width near the base. (Texas Univ. Bull. 3101, pi. 12, fig. 13, 1931.)

A few specimens were obtained from the Fort Hays limestone 

north of Ransom, Kans., and the section of the same member 

northeast of St. James, Nebr., yielded several beautifully preserved 

tests. The species was not observed elsewhere^ however. Holotype from northeast of St. James, Nebr., in the SE*4 sec. 15, T. 

32 N., R. 3 E., 25 feet above the base of the Fort Hays.

Wherever K. christneri (Carsey) Cushman is common 

some of the specimens, especially the immature ones, 

assume the shape described for K. undulata Loetterle.

Kyphopyxa cushmani Albritton and Phleger

Plate 38, figure 9

Kyphopyxa cushmani Albritton and Phleger, Jour. Paleontology, 

vol. 11, p. 354, text fig. 1, 1937.

Test free, large, subquadrate or ovate in outline, thickest in central area, peripheiy truncate to slightly rounded; -first few chambers planispirally coiled, succeeding 5 to 7 chambers biserial and 

embracing, last few chambers frondicularian and curved downward 

around early portion of test; sutures of coiled and biserial portions 

marked by thin, continuous, platelike elevations which are highest 

in the central area and but weakly developed in the frondicularian 

stage; walls smooth, thin, calcareous, finely perforate; aperture 

terminal, projecting, radiate.

Kyphopyxa cushmani is a comparatively rare form at Ferris, 

where it is associated with the common Taylor and Austin species, 

K. christneri (Carsey). K. christneri may be distinguished from 

the present species by the sharp convergence of its sides toward 

the aperture.

The types of this species are from clays of upper Taylor 

age at Ferris, Ellis County, Tex. (230).

It, is probable that this is but a local form of K. 

christneri, but more material is necessary to determine 

this.

Genus LAGENA Walker and Jacob, 1798

Owing to the rather poor preservation of many of the 

Cretaceous forms belonging to this genus and to the genus 

Entosolenia, and also owing to the considerable variation found in the group, it has seemed best to include the 

specimens available under few specific names. Figures 

illustrating the species recognized are of Cretaceous specimens, usually representing specimens derived from clay 

samples, from which the forms may be washed without 

loss of the details of their structure.

Lagena hispida Reuss

Plate 39, figure 13

Under this name are included a wide range of forms 

with somewhat differing shapes, but all with a finely 

spinose surface and usually with a rather elongate, 

slender neck. A number of names have been given to 

Cretaceous spinose forms, some of which are evidently 

the detached final chambers of such species as Nodosaria 

aculeata and N. aspera.
94 UPPER CRETACEOUS FORAMINIFERA OF GULF COASTAL REGION

Navarro age.

Kemp clay. Texas, Williarnson County. (12).

Corsicana marl. Texas, Falls County (32); Caldwell County 

 (44); Guadalupe County (45); Travis County (40).

Prairie Bluff chalk. Mississippi, Chickasaw County (84-86). 

Alabama, Sumter County (103).

Saratoga chalk. Arkansas, Hempstead County (81).

Ripley formation. Tennessee, McNairy County (94); Henderson County (96).

Selma chalk (upper part). Tennessee, McNairy County (98).

Neylandville marl. Texas, Delta County (51); Kaufman County (58); Navarro County (63, 67). 

Taylor age.

Upper part of Taylor marl. Texas, Delta County (114); Rock- 

' wall County (124); Kaufman County (125, 128); Williamson County (142); Travis County (149); Guadalupe 

County (151); Bexar County (154, 159).

Ozan formation. Arkansas, Little River County (254).

Pecan Gap chalk member of Taylor marl. Texas, Delta County 

(165).

Selma chalk of Pecan Gap chalk age. Alabama, Marengo County (256).

Selma chalk (middle part). Tennessee, Hardin County (255). 

Mississippi, Alcorn County (258); Prentiss County (261); 

Lee County (268). , N

Wolfe City sand member of Taylor marl. Texas, Collin County 

(180).

Marlbrook marl. Arkansas, Howard County.

Annona chalk. Texas, Red River County (192, 194, 195, 197, 

198).

Lower part of Taylor marl. Texas, Lamar County (201, 202); 

Delta County (206); Dallas County (217, 220, 225); Kaufman County (229); McLennan County (238, 240); Falls 

County (244); Williarnson County (246); Travis County 

(249). 

Austin age.

Burditt marl (of Adkins). Texas, Bell County (269).

Gober tongue of Austin chalk. Texas, Fannin County (278, 

279); Lamar County (284, 285, 287).

Austin chalk. Texas, Grayson County (289, 290); Dallas County (301, 303, 307, 309, 310).

Selma chalk (lower part). Mississippi, Lee County (350); Itawamba County (351).

Brownstown marl. Texas, Red River County (319); Lamar 

County (320). Arkansas, Sevier County (347).

Ector tongue of Austin chalk. Texas, Grayson County (332).

 Lagena acuticosta Reuss

Plate 39, figures 14, 15

Specimens referred to this species have a wide distribution, as noted below. I have included here those specimens that have rather few, high, platelike costae, the 

test broadest toward the base and somewhat broadly 

pyriform. Figures have been given in previous papers 

of forms from the Saratoga and Annona chalks, and 

these are repeated here. The variation in these forms' 

is considerable.

Navarro age.

Corsicana marl. Texas, Travis County (41). 

Prairie Bluff chalk. Alabama, Sumter County (101, 103). 

Saratoga chalk. Arkansas, Clark County (78); Howard County

(79).

Ripley formation. Tennessee, McNairy County (94, 95). 

Selma chalk (upper part). Alabama, Marengo County (104). 

Neylandville marl. Texas, Kaufman County (62); Navarro

County (66, 69). 

Taylor age. 

Upper part of Taylor marl. Texas, Red River County (105,

107); Lamar County (110); Hunt County (115); Collin

County (119, 122); Navarro County (132); Travis County

(145); Bexar County (158). 

Pecan Gap chalk member of Taylor marl. Texas, Delta County

(165); Hunt County (168); Collin County (169, 170). 

Selma chalk (middle part). Mississippi, Alcorn County (257,

259); Lee County (264, 265). 

Wolfe City sand member of Taylor marl. Texas, Collin County

(183); Navarro County (188). 

Annona chalk. Texas, Red River County (188a, 195).

Lower part of Taylor marl. Texas, Lauiar County (202); Delta 

County (206); Dallas County (216); Hill County (237); 

McLennan County (241); Williarnson County (246); 

Travis County (249). 

Austin age.

Burditt marl (of Adkins). Texas, Travis County (271).

Gober tongue of Austin chalk. Texas, Fannin County (274).

Brownstown marl. Texas, Red River County (319).

Selma chalk (lower part). Mississippi, Itawamba County.

Lagena amphora Reuss var. paucicosta Franke

Plate 40, figures 4, 5

Lagena amphora Reuss var. paucicosta Franke, Preuss. geol. Landesanstalt Abh., new ser., vol. Ill, p. 87, pi. 7, fig. 38, 1928.

Franke figures an elongate pyriform specimen under 

this name, with a very few longitudinal costae. Rarely 

specimens having this general character 'occur at a number of American localities and probably should be included under the name. Franke's types were from the 

Upper Cretaceous of Germany.

Navarro age. Ripley formation. Tennessee, McNairy County

(95); Henderson County (96). 

Taylor marl. 

Upper part. Texas, Rockwall County (124); Williarnson County

(140).

Pecan Gap chalk member. Texas, Collin County (169). 

Lower part. Texas, Lamar County (201, 202); Delta County

(206). 

Austin chalk. Texas, Grayson County (289).

Lagena apiculata Reuss

Plate 39, figure 23

Under this name are included a few specimens, generally rounded and smooth, except for a distinct basal 

spine. The specimens are mostly somewhat pyriform. 

It is possible that in a few instances they may represent 

the megalospheric proloculum of some such forms as 

Dentalina catenula Reuss.

Navarro age. Neylandville marl. Texas, Kaufman County (62). 

Taylor age. 

Upper part of Taylor marl. Texas, Red River County (107);

Hunt County (115); Bexar County (152). 

Pecan Gap chalk member of Taylor marl. Texas, Delta County

(166). 

Selma chalk (middle part). Mississippi, Lee County (265).

Lagena sulcata (Walker and Jacob) Parker and Jones 

var. semiiriterrupta W. Berry

Plate 39, figures 18-21

Lagena sulcata (Walker and Jacob) Parker and Jones var. semiinterrupta W. Berry, in Berry and Kelley, U. S. Nat. Mus.

Proc., vol. 76, art. 19, p. 5, pi. 3, fig.. 19, 1929. 

Cushman, Tennessee Div. Geology Bull. 41, p. 37, pi. 5.

figs. 9-11, 1931. 

Jennings, Bull. Am. Paleontology, vol. 23, No. 78, p. 23,

pi. 2, fig. 23, 1936.

It is possible that more than one form has been placed 

under this name. The types are from Coon Creek, Tenn., 

and the holoty.pe is refigured. The costae form a ring 

at the base and are frequently divided on the middle 

portion o'f the test. The neck is slender. The original 

description mentions the costae as arranged, in "loops," 

but the structure is that common in costate forms when 

the costae divide at the base, and in this way multiply 

to cover the expanding surface.

Navesink marl. New Jersey.

Mt. Laurel sand. New Jersey.

Navarro age. Ripley formation. Tennessee, McNairy County (94, 95, 97); 

Henderson County (96).

Selma chalk (upper part). Tennessee, McNairy County (98).
POLYMORPHINIDAE 95

Lngcnn hexugonn (Williainsoii) Siddall

Plate 39, figure 16

The. only specimens referred to this species are from 

the Selma chalk and the Ripley formation. The surface 

network is shown in the illustration and consists of 

hexagonal depressed areas with raised'borders.

Navarre age.

Ripley formation. Tennessee, McNairy County (95). 

Selma chalk (upper part). Alabama, Marengo County (104). 

\

Lagcna lineuta (Williamson) Reuss 

Plate 39, figure 24

The only specimens referred to this species are from 

the Ripley formation of Tennessee. Specimens are somewhat longer than broad, the apertural end is blunt, and 

the surface is ornamented with longitudinal costae somewhat variable in height.

Navarro age. Ripley formation. Tennessee, McNairy County 

(94, 95).

Laguna pluinigera II. B. Brady

Plate 39, figure 17

A fqw very finely preserved specimens close to this 

species, as figured by Brady, occur in the Selma chalk. 

They have high, thin, platelike costae with obliquely 

radiating tubular portions in them. These high costae 

are often interspersed with lower, more simple ones. The 

neck is slender and tapering.

Navurro age. Selma chalk (upper part). Tennessee, McNairy 

County (98).

Lagena substriata "Williamson

Plate 39, figure 22

Specimens referred to this species are from beds of 

Navarro and Taylor age. The costae are fine and 

numerous, raised only slightly above the general surface. 

The body of the test is elongate, elliptical, or oval in side 

view, and the neck is slender.

Navarro age.

Kemp clay. Texas, Navarro County (3).

Ripley formation. Tennessee, McNairy County (94). 

Taylor age.

Pecan Gap chalk member of Taylor marl. Texas, Delta County 

(166).

Mairlbrook marl. Arkansas, Howard County.

Lagena laevigata Reuss

Plate 40, figure 1

Occasional specimens from the Taylor marl especially 

may be referred to Reuss' species. They are smooth, 

somewhat compressed forms, pyriform in front view, and 

without a definite neck. .There is considerable variation 

in the outline and the amount of compression of the test.

Navarro age.

Ripley formation. Tennessee, McNairy County (94).

Selraa chalk (upper part). Tennessee, McNairy County (98). 

Taylor age.

Upper part of Taylor marl. Texas, Red River County (105); 

Williamson County (142).

Selma chalk (middle part). Mississippi, Alcorn County (258).

Pecan Gap chalk member of Taylor marl. Texas, Lamar County (165).

Lower part of Taylor marl. Texas, Delta County (206).

Lagena cf. L. globosa Montagu

Plate 39, figure 26

Rounded specimens, generally globular in form, without a basal spine, occur at a number of localities. It is

possible that these are the prolocula of Nodosaria or of 

other genera of the Lagenidae.

Velasco shale. Hacienda el Limon, Mexico. 

Navarro age.

Corsicana marl. Texas, Travis County (34, 42).

Prairie Bluff chalk. Alabama, Sumter County (101).

Ripley formation. Tennessee, McNairy County (95).

Selma chalk (upper part). Tennessee, McNairy County (98). 

Taylor age.

Upper part of Taylor marl. Texas, Navarro County (134).

Annona chalk. Texas, Red River County (191, 197).

Lower part of Taylor marl. Texas, Collin County (209); Williamson County (246). 

Austin age.

Brownstown marl. Arkansas, Sevier County (347).

Lagena alveolata H. B. Brady

Plate 40, figure 2

Specimens referable to this species are very rare in 

the American Cretaceous material. The keel is very 

strongly developed on the basal portion of the test and 

is there split, leaving an elongate depression in the median 

line between the two platelike portions of the keel.

Navarro age.

Ripley formation. Tennessee, McNairy County (94). 

Selma chalk (upper part). Tennessee, McNairy County (98).

Lagena vulgaris Williamson

Plate 40, figure 3

Small specimens from the Saratoga chalk have already 

been referred to this species. Other specimens are from 

beds of Austin age. They may be the same as some of 

those referred to L. cf. L. globosa. The surface is 

smooth, the test nearly spherical, with a short, slender 

apertural neck.

Navarro age. Saratoga chalk. Arkansas, Howard County (79). 

Austin age. Selma chalk (lower part). Mississippi, Lee County 

(350); Itawamba County (351).

Lagena semilineata J. Wright

Plate 39, figure 25

The figured specimen seems very close indeed to this 

species with the basal spine and the lower half pr more 

of the test with distinct longitudinal costae while the 

upper part is smooth.

Taylor marl, upper part. Texas, Red River County (105).

Family POLYMORPHINIDAE

Genus GTTTTUUNA D'Orbigny, 1839

Cuttulina trigonula (Reuss) Cushman and Ozawa

Plate 40, figures 6, 7 

Polymorphina trigonula Reuss, Verstein. bohm. Kreideformation,

pt. 1, p. 40, pi! 13, fig. 84, 1845. 

H. B. Brady, Parker and Jones, Linnean Soc. Trans., vol. 27,

p., 232, pi. 40, figs. 16a, b, 1870. 

Gultulina trigonula Cushman and Ozawa, U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc.,

vol. 77, art. 6, p. 28, pi. 4, figs. 2a-c, 1930. 

Cushman, Tennessee Div. Geology Bull. 41, p. 39, pi. 6, figs. 

 3, 4, 1931; Geol. Soc. America Bull., vol. 7, p. 418, 1936. 

Brotzen, Sveriges geol. undersokning, ser. C, No. 396, p. 113, 

pi. 7, figs. 13a-d, 1936.

Test spheroidal, truncate at the base, obtuse at the 

apertural end; chambers rounded, inflated, arranged in 

a clockwise, quinqueloculine series, each succeeding 

chamber extending back to the base, but not covering the 

earlier chambers at the base; sutures depressed, distinct; 

wall smooth, the apertural end in many specimens covered with fistulose tubes; aperture produced, radiate. 

Length.0.35 to 0.70 mm., breadth 0.35 to 0.65 mm., thickness 0.25 to 0.50 mm.
96 UPPER CRETACEOUS FORAMIN1FUKA OF GULF COASTAL REGION.

Specimens referred to this species are from the upper 

beds of Taylor age, with occasional specimens from the 

Ripley formation of Tennessee. Specimens both with 

and without fistulose outgrowths occur.

Velasco shale. Hacienda el Limon, Mexico.

Navarro age. Ripley formation. Tennessee, McNairy County

(94)'. 

Taylor age. Ozan formation. Arkansas, Little River County

(254).

Guttulina adhaereiis (Olszewski) Cushmaii and Ozawa

Plate 40, figures 8-10 

Polymorphina adJiaerens Olszewski, Sprawozd. Kom. Fizyj. Akad.

Umiej., Krakowie, vol. 9, p. 119, pi. 1, fig. 11, 1875. 

Guttulina adhaerens Cushman and Ozawa, U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc., 

vol. 77, art. 6, p. 36, pi. 1, figs. 9a-c; pi. 6, figs. 7a, b, 1930. 

Cushman, Tennessee Div. Geology Bull. 41, p. 39, pi. 6,

figs. 5, 6, 1931. 

Cushman and Jarvis, U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc., vol. 80, art. 14,

p. 40, pi. 12, figs. 8a, b, 1932. 

Cushman and Todd, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contrv,

vol. 19, p. 61, pi. 11, fig. 1, 1943. 

Cushman and Deaderick, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 18, p. 336,

pi. 52, fig. 18, 1944. 

Guttulina problema Plummer (not D'0rbigny(?)), Texas Univ.

Bull. 3101, p. 173, pi. 13, fig. 1, 1931.

Sandidge, Am. Midland Naturalist, vol. 13, p. 358, pi. 31, 

figs. 23, 24, 1932.

Test ovate, broadest below the middle, rounded at the 

base, acute toward the apertural end; chambers clavate, 

arranged in an almost quinqueloculine series, each succeeding chamber slightly removed from the base; sutures 

but little depressed, distinct; wall smooth; aperture 

radiate. Length 0.50 to 1.10 mm., breadth 0.35 to 0~80 

mm., thickness 0.22 to 0.50 mm.

This species occurs in the present material in the 

upper beds of Navarro age and in the Marlbrook marl. 

The specimens recorded from the Navarro of Texas as 

G. problema D'Orbigny by Mrs. Plummer and from the 

Ripley of Alabama by Sandidge probably belong here.

Upper Cretaceous. Hobson clay. San Fernando, Trinidad. 

Navarro age.

Corsicana marl. Texas, Navarro County (27); Limestone County (29, 30); Caldwell County (44); Travis County (37). 

Arkadelphia marl. Arkansas, Hempstead County (72, 73). 

Prairie Bluff chalk. Mississippi, Chickasaw County (87). Alabama, Wilcox County (99).

Ripley formation. Tennessee, McNairy County (94). 

Taylor age. Marlbrook marl. Arkansas, Clark County; Hempstead County.

Genus GLOBULINA D'Orbigny, 1839 

Globulina lacrima Reuss

Plate 40, figures 11, 12 

Polymorphina (Globulina) lacrima Reuss, Verstein. bohm. Kreideformation, pt. 1, p. 40, pi. 12, fig. 6; pi. 13, fig. 83, 1845. 

Egger, K. bayer. Akad. Wiss., Math.-naturh. Abt., Abh., Kl.

2, vol. 21, pt. 1, p. 125, pi. 17, figs. 39, 40, 1899. 

Globulina lacrima Reuss, Haidinger's Naturwiss. Abh., vol. 4,

p. 27, pi. 4, fig. 9, 1851. 

Cushman and Ozawa, U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc., vol. 77, art. 6,

p. 77, pi. 19, figs. 1, 2, 1930. 

Cushman, Tennessee Div. Geology Bull. 41, p. 40, pi. 6,

figs. 9a-c, 1931; Jour. Paleontology, vol. 6, p. 337, pi. 51,

fig. 2, 1932; Geol. Soc. America Bull., vol. 47, p. 418, 1936. 

Loetterle, Nebraska Geol. Survey Bull., 2d ser., Bull. 12,

p. 31, pi. 4, figs. 4a, b, 1937. 

Frizzell, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 17, p. 348, pi. 56, fig. 27,

1943. 

Cushman and Todd, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr.,

vol. 19, p. 61, pi. 11, fig. 3, 1943. 

Cushman, idem, vol. 20, p. 9, pi. 2, fig. 15, 1944; idem, vol.

20, p. 89. pi. 13, fig. 28, 1944; Am. Jour. Sci.,.vol. 242,

p. 612, pi. 2, fig. 10, 1944.

Polymorphina gibba Cushman (not D'Orbigny), Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., vol. 10, p. 604, pi. 20, figs. 8, 15; 

1926.

Test subglobular, the base broadly rounded, apertural 

end produced, regularly acuminate, the sides straight, 

not concave, typically rounded in end view; chambers 

few, extending back almost to the base; sutures not depresssed; wall smooth; aperture radiate, slightly produced. Length 0.55 to 0.75 mm., breadth 0.40 to 0.55 

mm., thickness 0.40 to 0.55 mm.

The apertural end of this species is definitely produced, 

and the sides are usually straight and not concave. It 

is widely distributed in the Cretaceous of Europe and 

America. Most of the American Cretaceous records are 

of Navarro and Taylor ages.

Navarro age.

Corsicana marl. Texas, Navarro County (27); Limestone County (29, 30); Falls County (32); Travis County (38).

Prairie Bluff chalk. Mississippi, Chickasaw County (84-86). 

Alabama, Wilcox County (99); Sumter County (102).

Saratoga chalk. Arkansas, Clark County (78).

Ripley formation. Tennessee, McNairy County (95); Henderson County (96).

Selma chalk (upper part). Mississippi, Union County (92). 

Alabama, Marengo County (104).

Nacatoch sand. Arkansas, Hempstead County (75); Lonoke

County (77). 

Taylor age.

Upper part of Taylor marl. Texas, Rockwall County (124).

Pecan Gap chalk member of Taylor marl. Texas, Delta County 

(165).

Ozan formation. Arkansas, Little River County (254).

Selma chalk of Pecan Gap chalk age. Alabama, Marengo County (256).

Selma chalk (middle part). Tennessee, Hardin County (255). 

Mississippi, Alcom County (259); Prentiss County (261).

Annona chalk. Texas, Red River County (188a, 195, 198).

Lower part of Taylor marl. Texas, Delta County (206). 

Austin age.

Austin chalk. Texas, Collin County (292); Dallas County (302).

Selma chalk (lower part). Mississippi, Lee County (350); Itawamba County (351).

Globulina lacrima Reuss var. subsphaerica (Berthelin) 

Cushman and Ozawa

Plate 40, figure 13 

Polymorphina subsphaerica Berthelin, Soc. geol. France Mem.,

ser. 3, vol. 1, p. 58, pi. 4, figs. 18a, b, 1880.

Globulina lacrima Reuss var. subsphaerica -(Berthelin) Cushman 

. and Ozawa, U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc., vol. 77, art. 6, p. 78,

pi. 19, figs. 5-7, 1930. 

Cushman, Tennessee Div. Geology Bull. 41, p. 41, pi. 6, figs.

lOa-c, 1931. 

Jennings, Bull. Am. Paleontology, vol. 23, No. 78, p. 25,

pi. 3, figs. 6a, b, 1936. 

Loetterle, Nebraska Geol.' Survey Bull., 2d ser., Bull. 12,

p. 31, pi. 4,. figs. 5a, b, 1937. 

Tappan, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 14, p. 113, pi. 17, fig. 24,

1940. 

Cushman and Goudkoff, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research

Contr., vol. 20, p. 57, pi. 9, fig. 14, 1944.

Variety differing from the typical form in the slightly 

compressed test, which is more rounded at the base than 

at the apertural end. Length 0.33 to 0.45 mm., breadth 

0.30 to 0.40 mm., thickness 0.20 to 0.30 mm.

This more compressed variety of Globulina lacrima is 

very widely distributed in the Cretaceous of Europe'and 

is already recorded from the Upper Cretaceous of Mexico, 

Mississippi, Texas, Nebraska, California, and New Jersey.

The form referred by Sandidge to G. inaequalis (Am. 

Midland Naturalist, vol. 13, p. 359, pi. 31, figs. 25, 26, 

1932) from the Ripley formation of Alabama may belong 

here.
POLYMORPHINIDAE 97

Navarro age.

Corsicana marl. Texas, Bowie County (23).

Arkadelphia marl. Arkansas, Hempstead County (72).

Owl Creek formation. Mississippi, Tippah County (83).

Ripley formation. Mississippi, Pontotoc County (90). Tennessee, McNairy County (94, 95).

Selma chalk (upper part). Mississippi, Union County (92). 

Taylor age.

Upper part of Taylor marl. Texas, Bexar County (159).

Selma chalk (middle part). Mississippi, Alcorn County (257); 

Prentiss County (261).

Globuliiia lacrinia Reuss var. horrida Reuss

Plate 40, figure 14 

Globuliiia honida Reuss, Verstein. bohm. Kreideformation, pt. 2,

p. 110, pi. 43, fig. 14, 1846.

Globuliiia lacrima Reuss var. horrida Cushman and Ozawa, U. S.

Nat. Mus. Proc., vol. 77, art. 6, p. 79, pi. 19, fig. 3, 1930.

Cushman, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 6, p. 337, pi. 51, fig. 3,

1932; Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 20,

p. 89, pi. 13, figs. 29, 30, 1944.

Variety differing from the typical in having the surface 

finely spinose and usually the apertural end fistulose.

The few American records are from the upper beds of 

Taylor age and the beds of Navarro" age. Specimens 

are usually rare.

Navarro age.

Corsicana marl. Texas, Falls County (32); Travis County (35); 

Caldwell County (44).

Arkadelphia marl. Arkansas, Hempstead County (70).

Prairie Bluff chalk. Mississippi, Chickasaw County (84).

Selma chalk (upper part). Mississippi, Union County (92). 

Taylor age.

Pecan Gap chalk member of Taylor marl. Texas, McLennan 

County (177).

Ozan formation. Arkansas, Little River County (254).

Annona chalk. Texas, Collin County (188a). 

Austin age.

Austin chalk. Texas, Dallas County (306).

Selma chalk (lower part). Mississippi, Itawamba County (351).

Clobulina prisca Reuss

Plate 40, figures 1^17

Globulina prisca Reuss, Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-naturwiss. KL

Sitzungsber, vol. 46, pt. 1, 1862, p. 79, pi. 9, fig. 8 (1862)!

Cushman and Ozawa, U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc., vol. 77, art. 6,

p. 76, pi. 12, figs. 6a-c, 1930. 

Cushman, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 6, p. 337, pi. 51, fig. 1,

1932.

Brotzen, Sveriges geol. undersokning, ser. C, no. 396, p. 114, 

pi. 7, fig. 11, 1936.

Test elongate, fusiform, more or less compressed, 

acuminate toward both ends; chambers elongate, tapering 

to the base, arranged in an almost triserial' series; sutures 

but little depressed; wall smooth; aperture radiate. 

Length 0.50 to O.SO.mm., breadth 0.25 to 0.35 mm,., thickness 0.18 to 0.27 mm.

Specimens of the general form described and figured 

by Reuss occur very .rarely in the present material. 

Occasional fistulose forms, such as that figured, appear 

in the Annona chalk and Pecan Gap .chalk of Taylor 

age and in the Prairie Bluff chalk of Navarro age. It is 

possible that these forms should be included under 

Pyrulina cylindroides (Roemer) Cushman and Ozawa.0

Navarro age.

Prairie Bluff chalk. Alabama, Sumter County (101).

Selma chalk (upper part). Mississippi, Union County (92). 

Taylor age. Annona chalk. Texas, Collin County (188a).

Genus PYBUUNA D'Orbigny, 1839 

Pyrulina cylindroides (Roemer) Cushman and Ozawa

Plate 40, figures 18, 19 

Polymorphina. cylindroides Roemer, Neuss Jahrb., 1838, p. 385,

pi. 3, fig. 26. 

H. B. Brady, Parker and Jones, Linnean Soc. Trans., vol. 27,

p. 221, pi. 39, figs. 6a-c, 1870.

Pyrulina cylindroides Cushman and Ozawa, U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc., 

vol. 77, art. 6, p. 56, pi. 14, figs. 1-5, 1930.

Cushman, Tennessee Div. Geology Bull. 41, p. 40, pi. 6, figs.

7, 8, 1931. 

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Special Pub. 5,

pi. 22, fig. 14, 1933. 

Tappan, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 14, p. 114, pi. IS, figs, la-c,

1940. 

Cushman and Todd, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr.,

vol. 19, p. 62, pi. 11, fig. 2, 1943. 

Cushman, idem, vol. 20, p. 9, pi.-2, fig. 16, 1944. 

Cushman and Deaderick, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 18, p. 336,

pi. 52, fig. 17, 1944.

Poly?norphina fusiformis Cushman (not Roemer), Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., vol. 10, p. 604, pi. 20, fig. 14, 1926. 

Polymorphina gutta W. Berry (not D'Orbiguy), in Berry and

Kelley, U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc., vol. 76, art. 19, p. 10, pi. 1,

fig. 11, 1929.

Test elongate, fusiform to cylindrical, acuminate 

toward both extremities, almost circular in cross section; 

chambers elongate, not much embracing, arranged in a 

nearly triserial series, tending to become biserial, each 

succeeding chamber farther removed from the base; sutures but little depressed; wall smooth; aperture radiate. 

Length 0.50 to 1.10 mm., breadth 0.18 to 0.32 mm., thickness 0.1.5 to 0.30 mm.

Elongate, fusiform specimens occur at numerous localities. There is considerable variation in these, and they 

seldom occur in any great numbers.

Navarro age.

Kemp clay. Texas, Travis County (17). 

Corsicana marl. Texas, Hunt County (24); Navarro County

(27); Travis County (34); Limestone County (30). 

Arkadelphia marl. Arkansas, Hempstead County (72). 

Prairie Bluff chalk. Alabama, Wilcox County (100). 

Ripley formation. Tennessee, McNairy County (94, 95); Heiir

derson County (96).

Selma chalk (upper part). Mississippi, Union County (92). 

- Tennessee, McNairy Count}' (98). Alabama, Marengo

County (104). 

Taylor age. 

Upper part of Taylor marl. Texas, Red River County (106);

Collin County (120, 121); Kaufman County (129); Navarro County (134). 

Pecan Gap chalk member of Taj'lor marl. Texas, Delta County

(166).

Marlbrook marl. Arkansas, Hempstead County. 

Selma chalk (middle part). Tennessee, Hardin County (255).

Mississippi, Lee County (264).

Pyrulina yelascoeiisis (Cushman) Cushman and Ozawa

Plate 40, figure 20

Polymorphina velascoensis Cushman, Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., vol. 10, p. 604, pi. 20, figs. 16a, b, 1926.

Pyrulina velascoensis Cusliman and Ozawa, U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc., 

vol. 77, art. 6, p. 59, pi. 29, figs, la-c, 1930.

Test elongate, fusiform in front view, in side view with 

the sides unequal, one side convex, the other concave, 

the concave side in front view with a central depression; 

chambers not elongate, rather compressed, arranged in a 

biserial series; sutures not at all depressed, very indistinct; wall smooth; aperture radiate.. Length 0.70 mm., 

breadth 0.25 mm., thickness 0.18 mm.

This is a very peculiarly curved species with a longitudinal central depression.

This species is well developed in the Velasco shale of 

the Tampico Embayment region of Mexico.

Genus PSEUDOPOLYMORPHINA Cushman and Ozawa, 1928 

Pseudopolymorphina incerta (Egger) Cushman and Ozawa

Plate 41, figure 1

Polymorphina incerta Egger, Neues Jahrb., 1857, p. 286, pi. 13, figs.

19-21. 

Pseudopolymorphina incerta Cushman and Ozawa, U. S. Nat: Mus.

Proc., vol. 77, art. 6, p. 110, pi. 9, figs. 3-5, 1930. . Cushman, Tennessee Div. Geology Bull. 41, p. 41, pi. 6, figs.

lla-c, 1931.
98 UPPER CRETACEOUS FORAMINIFERA OF GULF COASTAL REGION

Test almost equally compressed on both sides, oval, 

margin rounded; chambers not numerous, usually 5 or 6, 

compressed, usually almost as broad as long, arranged in 

a nearly biserial series; sutures not depressed; wall 

smooth; aperture radiate. Length 0.55 to 0.75 mm., 

breadth 0.45 to 0.60 mm., thickness 0.18 to 0.25 mm.

The figures will give the general characters of this 

species, which is much more characteristic of the Tertiary 

than the Cretaceous. It is somewhat variable in form, 

but the general characters are fairly constant. The 

species has been recorded under many names, a list of 

which may be found in the paper by Cushman and 

Ozawa noted above.

Navavro age. Ripley formation. Tennessee, McNairy County

(94). 

Taylor marl, upper part. Texas, Red River County (107).

Pseudopolymorphina digit a ta (D'Orbigny) Cushman 

and Ozawa

Plate 40, figure 21 

Polymorphina digtiaia D'Orbigny, Guerin-Menevilles Cuvier,

iconographie, Mollusques, p. 9, pi. 3, fig. 3, 1829-43. 

Polymorphina nodosaria Franke, Danmarks geol. Undersogelse,

2d Raekke, No. 46, p. 35, pi. 3, fig. 18, 1927.

Pseudopolymorphina digitata (D'Orbigny) Cushman and Ozawa, 

U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc., vol. 77, art. 6, p. 108, pi. 28, figs. 

3a, b, 1930. 

Cushman, Geol. Soc. America Bull., vol. 47, p. 418, 1936.

Test elongate, cylindrical, rounded at both ends; chambers short, nearly as long as broad, slightly embracing, 

arranged in an entirely biserial series; sutures but little 

depressed, distinct; wall smooth; aperture radiate. 

Length 1.95 mm., breadth 0.55 mm., thickness 0.50 mm.

A specimen from the Cretaceous greensand of Georges 

Bank in the western Atlantic Ocean, is referred to this 

elongate species. It should be looked for in the Navarro 

group or upper part of the Taylor marl.

Pseudopolymorphina cuyleri Plummer

Plate 41, figures 2-10 

Pseudopolymorphina cuyleri Plummer, Texas Univ. Bull. 3101,

p. 173, pi. 9, figs. 18-21, 1931. 

Cushman and Todd, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr.,

vol. 19, p. 62, pi. 11, figs. 6a, b, 1943.

Pseudopolymorphina mendezensis Cushman and Ozawa (part), 

U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc., vol. 77, art. 6, p. 109, pi. 28, figs. 7-9, 

1930.

Test large, much compressed, gradually tapering from 

the rounded initial end to the greatest width at the base 

of the last pair of chambers, periphery rounded, apical 

end somewhat pointed; chambers distinct, earliest chambers somewhat spiral, later biserial, increasing gradually 

in breadth as added but height rather uniform throughout; sutures distinct, somewhat limbate, in some specimens slightly depressed toward the periphery in the 

adult; wall smooth, thick, in some specimens with added 

thickening over the central portion at either side of the 

median elongate axis; aperture radiate, terminal. 

Length up to 3.00 mm., breadth 1.40 to 1.65 mm.

This is an excellent index fossil for the upper portion 

of the Navarro group, particularly well developed and 

often abundant in the Corsicana marl and its equivalent 

in the upper Selma chalk of Mississippi. Very typical 

specimens also occur ni the Arkadelphia clay of Arkansas.

Navarro age.

Corsicana marl. Texas, Hunt County (24); Navarro County 

(25, 27); Limestone County (30, 31); Travis County (34). 

Arkadelphia marl. Arkansas, Hempstead County (70, 72, 73). 

Prairie Bluff chalk. Mississippi, Chickasaw County (86, 87). 

Alabama, Wilcox County (99).

Pseudopolymorphina ozawana Cushman and Jarvis

Plate 41, figure 11

Pseudopolymorphina ozawana Cushman and Jarvis, U. S. Nat. 

Mus. Proc., vol. 80, art. 14, p. 41, pi. 12, figs. 9a, b, 1932.

Test elongate, very much compressed; early chambers 

somewhat thicker than the later chambers, which are 

definitely biserial; sutures raised and subnodose; wall 

between the sutures smooth; aperture terminal, radiate. 

Length 2.50 mm., breadth 1.00 mm., thickness 0.50 mm.

The types are from the Upper Cretaceous in a pit at 

Lizard Springs, near Guayaguayare, southeastern Trinidad, British West Indies.

This is a peculiar highly ornamented species of the 

genus and very distinct from any other known Cretaceous 

form, and, so far as known, has not been found elsewhere, 

though it is to be, looked for in the Velasco shale of 

Mexico.

Pseudopolymorphina mendezensis (White) 

Cushman and Ozawa

Plate 41, figure 12 

Polymorphina mendezensis White, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 2, p.

213, pi. 29, fig. 14, 1928.

Pseudopolymorphina mendezensis (White) Cushman and Ozawa 

(part), U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc., vol. 77, art. 6, p. 109, 1930. . Brotzen, Sveriges geol. undersokning, ser. C, No. 396, p. 115,

pi. 7, figs. lOa-c, 1936.

Cushman .and Todd, Cushman Lab. Foram..Research Contr., 

vol. 19, p. 63, pi. 11, fig. 5, 1943.

Test broadly oval in outline, much compressed, composed of four 

or more chambers of clear hyaline material; aperture radiate, not 

fistulose. Length of type specimen, 0.7 mm.; greatest width, 0.4 

mm.; thickness, 0.13 mm.

The types are from the Mendez shale of Mexico.

Navarro group, Corsicana marl. Texas, Navarro County (27, 28); 

Limestone County (30).

Genus SIGMOMORPHINA Cushman and Ozawa, 1928

Sigmomorphina semitecta (Reuss) Cushman and Ozawa

var. terquemiana (Fornasini) Cushman and Ozawa

Plate 41, figure 13 

Polymorphina amygdaloides Reuss var. terquemiana Fornasini,

Accad. sci. 1st. Bologna Mem., 5th ser., vol. 9, 1900-1902,

p. 72, fig. 25 (in text), (1902). 

Sigmomorphina semitecta (Reuss) Cushman and Ozawa var.

terquemiana (Fornasini) Cushman and Ozawa, U. S. Nat.

Mus. Proc., vol. 77, art. 6, p. 129, pi. 33, figs. 4, 5; pi. 34,

figs. 2, 3; pi. 35, fig. 1, 1930. 

Cushman, Tennessee Div. Geology Bull. 41, p. 42, pi. 6, figs.

12a-c, 1931.

Test compressed, oval to elongate, lanceolate, tapering 

toward the aperture; chambers elongate, arranged in a 

clockwise sigmoid series, all extending down to the base, 

but not involute; sutures scarcely depressed, distinct; 

wall smooth; aperture radiate. Length 0.33 mm., 

breadth 0.20 mm., thickness 0.10 mm.

Specimens from the Ripley formation and Selma chalk 

are placed here. They are common at the Tennessee 

locality but rare elsewhere.

Navarro age. Ripley formation. Mississippi, Pontotoc County

(90). Tennessee, McNairy County (94). 

Taylor age. Selma chalk (middle part). Mississippi, Lee County

(268).

Genus BULLOPOBA Quenstedt, 1856 

Bullopora laevis (Sollas) Wickenden

Plate 42, figures 1^4 

Webbina^laevis Sollas, Geol. Mag., dec. 2, vol. 4, p. 103; pi. 6, figs.

1-3, 1877. 

Vitrewebbina laevis Chapman, idem, dec. 3, vol. 8, p. 53, pi. 2, fig.

4, 1892; Annals and Mag. Nat. History, ser. 6, vol. 18, p.

332, text fig. 3, 1896; Royal Micr. Soc. Jour., p. 585, pi. 12,

fig. 12, 1896.
POLYMORPHINIDAE

Bugg, U. S. Geol. Survey Bull. 88, p. 36, pi. 2,- figs. 4a, b,

1898. 

Chapman, Annals and Mag. Nat. History, ser. 7, vol. 3, p.

314, 1899. 

Weller, New Jersey Geol. Survey, Paleontology, vol. 4, p.

205, pi. 1, figs. 40, 41, 1907. 

Chapman, Western Australia Geol. Survey Bull. 72, p. 37,

pi. 11, fig. 101, 1917. 

Bullopora laevis (Sollas) Wickenden, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 6,

p. 206, pi. 29, figs. 6-8, 1932. 

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Special'Pub. 5,

pi. 22, fig. 24, 1933. 

Tappan, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 14, p. 115, pi. 18, fig. 6.

1940; idem, vol. 17, p. 507, pi. 81, figs. 11, 12, 1943. 

Cushman and Todd, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr.,

vol. 19, p. 63, pi. 11, fig. 8, 1943. 

Lozo, Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., vol. 27, p. 1066

(list), 1943; Am. Midland Naturalist, vol. 31, p. 560, pi. 3,

fig. 2, 1944. 

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 20,

p. 9, pi. 2, fig. 33, 1944.

Test attached, consisting of a Globidina-like stage 

followed by a series of globular, oval, fusiform, or irregularly shaped chambers, generally in a single series joined 

by stolonlike connections, or branching into two or more 

series; wall smooth.

Such smooth attached forms occur in beds of upper 

Austin age, of Taylor age, and, occasionally, of Navarro 

age. Some of our specimens show well the development 

from an attached Globulina-\\k.Q young stage.

Alberta shale. Border Oils Co., sec. 6, T. 1, R. 14 west 4th meridian, southern Alberta. 

Navarro age. Corsicana marl. Texas, Limestone County (30);

Caldwell County (44); Travis County (38). 

Taylor marl.

Upper part. Texas, Lamar County (110); Limestone County

(135, 136); Leon County (138); Bexar County (158, 161).

Pecan Gap chalk member. Texas, McLennan County (177);

Delta County (166). 

Lower part. Texas, Ellis County <234). 

Austin age.

Gober tongue of Austin chalk.' Texas, Lamar County (283, 284). 

Brownstown marl. Texas, Lamar County (321). 

Bonham marl. Texas, Lamar County (331).

Bullopora tuberculata (Sollas) Cushman

Plate 42, figures 5-7

Webbinc tuberculata Sollas, Geol. Mag., dec. 2, vol. 4, p. 104, pi. 6, 

figs. 4-7, 9, 1877.

Vitrewebbina tuberculata Chapman, Annals and Mag. Nat. History, ser. 6, vol. 18, p. 332, text fig. 4, 1896; Royal Micr. 

Soc. Jour., pp. 586, 587, pi. 13, fig. 3, 1896; Annals and 

Mag. Nat. History, ser. 7, vol. 3, p. 315, text fig. 3, 1899. 

Franke, Greifswald Univ., Geol.-palaeont. Inst. Abh., vol. 6, 

p. 81, pi. 7, fig. 3, 1925; Premiss, geol. Landesanstalt Abh., 

new ser., vol. Ill, p. 125; pi. 11, fig. 22, 1928.

Test attached, consisting of a Globulina-like stage, 

followed by a series of chambers loosely arranged, joined 

by stolonlike connections, increasing in size, irregular in 

shape; wall hispid or finely tuberculate.

Specimens are not as common as is the smooth species 

B. laevis. All the localities are in the upper part of the 

Taylor marl.

Taylor marl, upper part. Texas, Kaufman County (129, 131); 

Navarro County (132); Travis County (147); Bexar 

County (159, 162).

Genus RAMULINA Rupert Jones, 1875 

Numerous species, or at least forms, in the American 

Upper Cretaceous evidently belong to this genus. It is 

very difficult to find anything that gives a clue to the 

early stages of these peculiar forms. However, the 

peculiar fistulose growths from various species of the 

Polymorphinidae seem to be links that bring Ramulina

into this family. They may be outgrowths from Bullopora. Whatever their source, the various fragmentary 

specimens liave characters that are rather constant, and 

in some species a very definite vertical range is indicated. 

On these grounds they have been divided into several 

species that may be found of use in stratigraphic work. 

It is quite possible that some of the specimens referred 

to Nodosaria aculeata D'Orbigny may belong in this 

group, and they have been so placed by some authors. 

Some specimens, such as that referred to R. globulijera 

H. B. Brady by Plummer (Texas Univ. Bull. 3101, p. 174, 

pi. 11, figs. 15a (not b), 1931), are probably end chambers 

of Nodosaria aspera Reuss.

Ramulina navarroaiia Cushmaii

Plate 43, figures 1, 2 ' 

Ramulina navarroana Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research

Contr., vol. 14, p. 43, pi. 7, figs. 10, 11, 1938. 

Cushman and Todd, idem, vol. 19, p. 63, pi. 11, fig. 7, 1943.

Test consisting of a central, more or less globular body 

from which radiate comparatively large, stout tubular 

projections that are little if at all tapering; wall of the 

central portion smooth, the arms sometimes hispid or 

finely spinose.

The types are from Corsicana marl, Mexia road 2.75 

miles east of Cooledge on east-facing slope of Elm Creek 

Valley, Limestone County, Tex.

This species differs from R. laevis Rupert Jones in the 

more globular central body and the more definite radiating projections with finely spinose or hispid surface.

The distribution seems to be confined to the Corsicana 

marl of the Navarro group.

Navarro group, Corsicana marl. Texas, Limestone County (30, 

3D ; Falls County (32); Travis County (36).

Ramulina arkadelphiaiia Cushmaii

Plate 43, figures 3-S

Ramulina arkadelphiana Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 14, p. 43, pi. 7, figs. 12-14, 1938.

Test with irregularly elongate or fusiform portions 

from which somewhat tapering tubular projections extend 

in various directions, tapering toward the ends, which 

have rounded openings; wall thin, finely hispid.

The types . are from Arkadelphia marl, near base, 7 

miles north by west of Hope, Hempstead County, Ark.

This species differs from R. laevis Rupert Jones in the 

more irregular form and the finely hispid surface. It 

occurs often very abundantly in the Arkadelphia marl, in 

the Prairie Bluff chalk, and in the Kemp clay.

Navarro age.

Kemp clay. Texas, Guadalupe County (18). 

Arkadelphia marl. Arkansas, Hempstead County (70, 72, 73). 

Prairie Bluff chalk. Mississippi, Chickasaw County (84-86). 

Alabama, Wilcox County (99, 100).

Ramulina ornata Cushmaii

Plate 43, figure 9 

Ramulina sp. Cushman and Jarvis (part), U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc.

vol. 80, art. 14, p. 41, pi. 12, fig. 11 (not fig. 10), 1932. 

Ramulina ornata Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research

Contr., vol. 14, p. 44, pi. 7, fig. 15, 1938.

Test consisting of a globular chamber with numerous, 

radiating, tubular processes slightly if at all tapering, 

the surface of the rounded portion closely set with short, 

somewhat rounded, spinose projections. . The type is from Upper Cretaceous beds in the pit at 

Lizard Springs, near Guayaguayare, southeastern Trinidad. Very similar specimens also occur in the Velasco
100 UPPER CRETACEOUS FORAMINIFERA OF GULF COASTAL REGION

shale of the Tampico Embayment region, Mexico.

This species differs from R. laevis Rupert Jones in the 

more globular central mass and the peculiar ornamentation of the surface with its short, rounded spine?.

Ramulina globo-tubulosa Cushman

Plate 43, figure 10

Ramulina sp. Cushman, Tennessee Div. Geology Bull. 41, p. 42, 

pi. 7, fig. 1, 1931.

Ramulina globo-turbulosa Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 14, p. 44, pi. 7, fig. 16, 1938.

In the upper part of the Taylor marl, in the Pecan 

Gap chalk member, and in the Ripley formation and 

Annona chalk are globular specimens with very fine 

tubular projections radiating from the surface, which is 

finely hispid. For convenience, these may be grouped 

under the above name.

The type is from the Ripley formation 1% miles west 

of Sardis, on Sardis-Henderson road, Henderson County, 

Term. (96).

This species differs from .R. laevis Rupert Jones, in the 

more globular central chamber, finer tubular projections, 

and hispid surface.

Navarro age. Ripley formation. Tennessee, Henderson County

(96).

Taylor age. 

Pecan Gap chalk member of Taylor marl. Texas, Collin

County (171).

Annona chalk. Texas, Red River County (192). 

Austin chalk. Texas, Collin County (295).

Ramulina aculeata (D'Orbigny) Wright

Plate 43, figures 11-16

For synonymy see Dentalma aculeata D'Orbigny.

Numerous irregular specimens with rather definite 

sharp spines evidently do not belong to any of the species 

noted above. They occur mainly in beds of Austin Age 

and the lower beds of Taylor age.

Mendez shale. Hacienda el Limon, Mexico. 

Taylor age.

Upper part of Taylor marl. Texas, Red River County (106).

Ozan formation. Arkansas, Little River County (254).

Pecan Gap chalk member of Taylor marl. Texas, McLennan

County (177).

Annona chalk. Texas, Bowie County (190). 

Lower part of Taylor marl. Texas, Collin County (209); Dallas County (224). 

Austin age. 0 

Gober tongue of Austin chalk. Texas, Fannin County (275, 279,

280); Lamar County (282). 

Austin chalk. Texas, Bell County (316). 

Selma chalk (lower part). Mississippi, Lee County (350).

Family NONIONIDAE

Genus NONION Montfort, 1808

Nonion jarvisi Thalmanii

Plate 43, figure 17 

Nonion cretaceum Cushman and Jarvis, U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc.,

vol. 80, art. 14, p. 41, pi. 12, figs. 12a, b, 1932. 

Nonion jarvisi Thalmann, Eclogae geol. Helvetiae, vol. 25, No. 2,

p. 313, 1932.

Cushman, U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 191. p. 3, pi. 1, 

fig. 5, 1939.

Test closely coiled, compressed, very slightly umbilicate, periphery subacute; chambers distinct, 8 making 

up the adult coil, of uniform shape increasing very 

slightly in size as added; sutures distinct, limbate, very 

slightly curved; wall smooth, the central umbilical region 

covered with a layer of clear shell material, in which 

are tubular spaces connecting with the umbilici, represented by lighter spaces in the clear material; aperture

narrow, at the base of the last-formed chamber. Diameter 0.65 mm., thickness 0.25 mm.

This is a very peculiar species of the genus and unlike 

any other described form. It has very limbate sutures 

and a peculiar arrangement of the umbilical region, with 

its thickening of clear shell material pierced by irregularly curved tubular openings.

The only material of this species is from the Upper 

Cretac'eous in the pit at Lizard Springs, near Guayaguayare, southeastern Trinidad.

Genus NONIONELLA Cushman, 1926 

Nonionella austinana Cushman

. Plate 43, figures 18-20

Nonionella austinana Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research 

Contr., vol. 9, p. 57, pi. 7, figs. 2a-c, 1933; U. S. Geol. 

Survey Prof. Paper 191, p. 27, pi. 7, figs. 1, 2, 1939. 

Cushman and Deaderick, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 18, p. 336, 

pi. 52, fig. 19, 1944.

Test small, nearly as broad as long, dorsal side flattened or slightly concave in the center, ventral side 

convex, periphery broadly rounded; chambers distinct, 

few, 6 in the last-formed whorl, increasing regularly in 

size as added; sutures distinct, slightly curved, very 

slightly depressed; wall smooth, finely perforate; aperture 

a low elongate slit, at the base of the inner margin of the 

last-formed chamber on the ventral side. Length 0.25 

mm., breadth 0.18 mm., thickness 0.12 mm.

This is a small but distinctive species, distinguished 

from Nonionella cretacea Cushman by the much more 

rounded form, very highly rounded periphery, and the 

fewer chambers (6 per whorl in N. austinana, and as 

many as 10 in N. cretacea). From Nonionella robusta 

Plummer, characteristic of the Navarro formation, it is 

distinguished by the more broadly rounded periphery 

and the fewer chambers in a whorl, N. robusta having 

typically about 8 chambers and N. austinana only 6.

While this species is most' abundant in beds of Austin 

age it occurs in beds of Taylor age and at one locality 

in the Eagle Ford shale just below the contact with the 

Austin chalk.

Taylor marl. 

Upper part. Texas, Collin County (122); Travis County (145);

Bexar County (154, 159).

Pecan Gap chalk member. Texas, Kaufman County (173). 

Marlbrook marl. Arkansas, Clark County; Howard County. 

Lower part. Texas; Fannin County (205); McLennan County

(239, 240); Travis County (249). 

Austin age.

Burditt marl (of Adkins). ° Texas, Bell County (269). 

Gober tongue of Austin chalk. Texas, Fannin County (278);

Lamar County (284, 287). , 

Austin chalk. Texas, Grayson County (289, 291, 335); Collin

County (292, 295, 324); Dallas County (297, 298, 300-307,

311, 326); Hill County (314). 

Brownstown marl. Texas, Red River County (318); Lamar

County (320, 321). Arkansas, Sevier County (347). 

Eagle Ford shale. Texas, Dallas County (362).

Nonionella robusta Plummer

Plate 43, figures 21-23 

Nonionella robusta Plummer, Texas Univ. Bull. 3101, p. 175, pi. 14,

fig. 12, 1931. 

Cushman, U. S. Geol. Survey Prof.'Paper 191, p. 27, pi." 7,

figs. 3a-c, 1939. 

Cushman and Todd, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr.,

vol. 19, p. 63, pi. 11, fig. 9, 1943.

Nonionina scapha Carsey (not Fichtel and Moll), Texas Univ. 

Bull.'2612, p. 49, pi. 1, fig. 2, 1926.

Test very small, moderately compressed, about equally31 biconvex 

but unsymmetrically developed; periphery narrowly rounded and 

bluntly angular in maturity, only slightly lobate in later portion 

of some tests but an even curve on most tests; chambers about 8
HETEROHELICIDAE 101

in the final convolution, rapidly lengthening, gently inflated on 

most specimens, distinctly but not coarsely punctate; sutures 

slightly depressed or flush with the contour of the test, somewhat 

curved; umbilicus on dorsal side small, narrow, depressed, shallow, 

showing minute chambers of inner whorl; on ventral side umbilical 

depression filled with the successive short extensions of the chambers filling the depression irregularly; aperture a low slit on the 

periphery at base of final chamber.

Length 0.20 to 0.35 mm., breadth 0.12 to 0.25 mm., 

thickness 0.10 to 0.16 mm.

This seems to be an excellent index fossil for the 

Navarro group. Some of the specimens of Nonionella 

cretacea from the Taylor resemble this in some respects, 

but the number of chambers in N. robusta is smaller, and 

in peripheral view the test is much broader in N. robusta 

than in N. cretacea. The whole test is also shorter and 

thicker.

Navarro age.

Iveiup clay* Texas, Navarro County (7); Falls County (9); 

Travis County (13, 15, 17).

Corsicana marl. Texas, Hunt County (24); Navarro County 

(25-27); Limestone County (29, 30); Falls County (32); 

Travis County (34, 37-40, 42, 43); Caldwell County (44).

Prairie Bluff chalk. Mississippi, Chickasaw County (85). Alabama, Sumter County (101).

Neylandville marl. Texas, Hunt County (54); Navarro County 

(66).

Nonionella cretacea Cushmati

Plate 43, figure 24 ,

Nonionella cretacea Cushman, Tennessee Div. Geology Bull. 41, 

p. 42, pi. 7, figs. 2a-c, 1931; Geol. Soc. America Bull., vol. 

47, p. 418, 1936. 

Jennings, Bull. Am. Paleontology, vol. 23, No. 78, p. 25,

pi. 3, figs. 3a, b, 1936.

Cushman, U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 191, p. 28, pi. 7, 

figs. 5a-c, 1939.

Test much compressed, periphery rounded, dorsal side 

showing the earliest coils, ventral side involute; chambers 

numerous, about 10 in the adult whorl, rather rapidly increasing in length in the adult; sutures distinct, slightly 

depressed, very slightly curved; wall smooth; aperture 

at the periphery and extending over onto the ventra.1 

side, at the base of the final chamber. Length 0.25 mm., 

breadth 0.18 mm.

This is a small species rather widely distributed in 

beds of Taylor age in northern Mexico and the Gulf 

Coastal Plain of the United States. It occurs higher 

in the section in the Velasco shale of Mexico and material 

of Navarro age from the Georges Bank Canyons.

Upper Cretaceous. Velasco shale, Hacienda el Limon, Vera Cruz,

Mexico. 

Navarro age. 

Riplej' formation. Tennessee, McNairy County (94, 95); H£nderson County (96).

Sclma chalk (upper part). Tennessee, McNairy County (98). 

Taylor age. 

Upper part of Taylor marl. Texas, Navarro County (134);

Travis County (149); Bexar County (156, 158). 

Annona chalk. Texas, Red River County (198). 

Lower part of Taylor marl. Texas, McLennan County (238, 

241).

Nonionella ansata Cushman

Plate 44, figure 1

Nonionella ansata Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research 

Contr., vol. 14, p. 44, pi. 7, fig. 17, 1938.

Test nearly as broad as long in the adult, narrower 

in the earlier stages, much compressed throughout, periphery rounded, broad faces nearly flat; chambers distinct, about 1.0 in the adult whorl, increasing rapidly in

length as added, but very gradually in height, much 

extended in the adult on the ventral side with ear-like 

projections over the earliest whorl; sutures fairly distinct, depressed little if at all, strongly curved; wall 

smooth, finely perforate; aperture a low, elongate slit, 

at the base of the inner margin of the last-formed chamber on the ventral side. Length 0.35 mm., breadth of 

adult 0.30 mm.

The types are from the Prairie Bluff chalk on U. S. 

Highway 80, 2.4 miles east-southeast of the Southern 

Railway underpass at Livingston, Sumter County, Ala.

This species differs from N. austinana Cushman in the 

larger number of chambers, greater curvature of the 

sutures and much greater extension of the later chambers 

on the ventral side. It is a somewhat larger, much 

broader form than N. cretacea Cushman, from which it 

was probably derived. It is common at the type locality.

Navarro age. Prairie Bluff chalk. Alabama, Wilcox County (99)'; 

Sumter County (101, 102).

Family CAMERINIDAE

Genus OPERCULINA D'Orbigny, 1826

Operculina catenula Cushman and Jarvis

Plate 44, figure 2

Operculina catenula Cushman and Jarvis, U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc., 

vol. 80, art. 14, p. 42, pi. 12, figs. 13a, b, 1932.

Test broadly complanate, periphery rounded, greatest 

thickness in the umbonal region; chambers distinct, 

about 15 in the last-formed coil, of rather uniform shape 

and increasing somewhat in length as added; sutures 

distinct, limbate, raised, ornamented by numerous beadlike protuberances, which are slightly elongate in the 

line of the suture, sutures ending in the umbonal region 

in a distinct boss that itself is somewhat beaded; wall 

between the sutures smooth. Diameter 2.25 mm., thickness 0.60 mm.

This is one of the few species of this genus known 

from the Upper Cretaceous and has been seen only in the 

Upper Cretaceous of the pit at Lizard Springs, near 

Guayaguayare, southeastern Trinidad. Some of the 

specimens show a much stronger ornamentation than that 

shown in the type figure and the bosses of the central 

portion become large and strongly raised.

Family HETEROHELICIDAE

Subfamily HETEROHELICINAE

Genus HETEROHELIX Ehrenberg, 1843

Heterohelix americana (Ehrenberg) Cushman

Plate 44, figure 3

Spiroplecta americana Ehrenberg, Mikrogeologie, pi. 32, pt. 2, fig. 

35, 1854.

Heterohelix americana (Ehrenberg) Cushman, Cushman Lab. 

Foram. Research Contr., vol. 3, p. 190, 1927; Jour Paleontology, vol. 1, p. 214, pi. 36, fig. 25, 1927; Cushman Lab. 

Foram. Research Special Pub. 4, pi. 21, figs, la, b, 1933; 

idem, Special Pub. 5, pi. 26, fig. 1, 1933.

Ehrenberg in his work on the American Cretaceous 

figures this species from the chalk of the Mississippi 

region without giving any definite locality for it. The 

test has the early stages planispiral and forming a considerable portion of the test, with only a few adult 

chambers in the .biserial stage. Such forms are apparently rare. The figure given here is copied from 

Ehrenberg's original in the Mikrogeologie.

Genus BOLIVINOPSIS Yakovlev, 1891 

Bolivinopsis rosula (Ehrenberg) Macfadyen

Plate 44, figures 4-8 

Spiroplecta rosula Ehrenberg, Mikrogeologie, pi. 32, pt. 2, fig. 26, 

1854.
102 UPPER CRETACEOUS FORAMINIFERA OF GULF COASTAL REGION

Spiroplectoides rosula (Ehrenberg) Cushman, Cushman Lab.

Foram. Research Contr., vol. 3, p. 62, pi. 13, figs. 9a, b;

p. 114, pi. 23, figs. 6, 7, 1927; Tennessee Div. Geology Bull.

41, p. 44, pi. 7, fig. 9, 1931; Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Special Pub. 4, pi. 21, figs. 12a, b, 1933; idem, 

- Special Pub. 5, pi. 26, fig. 4, 1933; Cushman Lab. Foram.

Research Contr., vol. 10, p. 38, pi. 6, figs. 10-13, 1934. 

Bolivinopsis rosida Macfadyen, Royal Micr. Soc. Jour., vol: 53,

p. 141, 1933. * 

 Jennings, Bull. Am. Paleontology, vol. 23, No. 78, p. 26,

1936. 

Cushman and Todd, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr.,

vol. 19, p. 64, pi. 11, fig. 10, 1943. 

Cushman, idem, vol. 20. p. 10, pi. 2, fig. 17, 1944; idem, vol.

20, p. 90, 1944. 

Cushman and Deaderick, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 18, p. 336,

pi. 53, fig. 1, 1944.

Test very elongate, slender, compressed, the early 

portion closely coiled, pjanispiral, with a single coil, 

later chambers biserial, of uniform size and shape, the 

sides of the test parallel; chambers numerous in the adult, 

often higher than broad; " sutures distinct, extending 

obliquely backward; wall smooth and polished, calcareous, finely perforate. Length up to 1.00 mm., 

breadth 0.10 to 0.15 mm.

The types of this species were from the American Cretaceous, but the exact locality is noi known.

With the Bailey collection in the Boston Society of 

Natural History is a series of letters received by Bailey 

from various correspondents. Among them are letters 

showing that Bailey had an extensive correspondence 

with Ehrenberg. In a letter from Ehrenberg dated 

.Berlin, August 29, 1843, and received by Bailey March 

16, 1844, Ehrenberg thanks him for the samples of Cretaceous from Missouri and Mississippi, very definitely 

settling the source of those samples figured in the Mikrogeologie. Unfortunately the letters of Bailey to Ehrenberg are not available. In another letter of Ehrenberg 

dated August 10, 1844, he speaks of the fact that he has 

figured various species sent him by Bailey from various 

localities. Among these he mentions Spiroplecta rosula 

from three localities -the first, "Cretaceous of Claiborne 

Bluff"; the second, "Cretaceous, Selma, Ala."; and the 

third, "Upper Mississippi." Which of these three localities forms the actual type locality for the species cannot 

be determined, but it does give a hint to the localities 

from which Ehrenberg had material of this species at the 

time he prepared his figures for the Mikrogeologie. In 

Berlin some years ago I saw the original drawings of 

Ehrenberg, prepared for various works but do not at this 

time recall whether or not the exact localities are given 

on the sheets of drawings. If so, the type locality might 

be even more definitely determined.

As Bolivinopsis rosula (Ehrenberg) Macfadyen occurs 

in the Selma chalk of' various localities in Alabama, 

Tennessee, and Mississippi, and as it is sure that Ehrenberg had specimens from the Selma chalk of Alabama, 

specimens from this general region may be taken as 

typical. A figure is given of a fairly complete specimen 

from the Selma chalk of Mississippi and others from the 

Cretaceous of Texas.

Bolivinopsis rosula is a rather common species in the 

Cretaceous of the Gulf Coastal Plain of the United States, 

although it is small and delicate, being easily broken in 

the preparation of material. The early coiled stages are 

frequently broken away. The chambers are often much 

higher than broad in the adult, making it distinct from 

any other American species. No specimens have been 

found at the many localities represented in our collections 

which have developed any sign of a siliceous test.

Navarro age. 

Corsicana marl. Texas, Navarro County (25, 27); Limestone

County (29, 30); Falls County (32); Travis County (36). 

Prairie Bluff chalk. Mississippi, Chickasaw County (84-86).

Alabama, Wilcox County (99); Sumter County (101, 102). 

Selma chalk (upper part). Tennessee, McNairy County (98).

Mississippi, Prentiss County (91); Union County (92).

Alabama, Marengo County (104). 

Ripley formation. Tennessee, McNairy County (94, 95); Henderson County (96).

Neylandville marl. Texas, Red River County (50). 

Taylor age. 

Upper part of Taylor marl. Texas, Red River County (108);

Delta County (114); Collin County (122); Rockwall

County (124); Kaufman County (129); Navarro County

(132, 134); Leon County (138); Williamson County (140,

141, 144); Travis County (145,. 149); Bexar County (154.

158, 159). 

Pecan Gap chalk member of Taylor marl. Texas, Delta County

(165, 166); Hunt County (168); Kaufman County (173);

Rockwall County (175, 176); McLennan County (177). 

Selma chalk of Pecan Gap chalk age. Alabama, Marengo

County (256). 

Selma chalk (middle part). Mississippi, Alcorn County (257-

259); Prentiss County (260, 261); Union County (262);

Lee County (264, 265, 267). 

Wolfe City sand member of Taylor marl. Texas, Collin County

(180, 183); Hunt County (185). 

Marlbrook marl. Arkansas, Howard County; Hempstead

County.

Annona chalk. Texas, Red River County (192, 198). 

Lower part of Taylor marl. Texas, Red River County (199);

Lamar County (202); Fannin County (203, 205); Delta

County (206); Collin County (211); Dallas County (216,

219, 222); Kaufman County (228, 229); Ellis County

(234); McLennan County (238, 239, 241); Bell County

(245); Williamson County (246); Travis County (249). 

Austin age. 

Burditt marl (of Adkins). Texas, Bell County (269); Travis

~ County (270, 271). 

Gober tongue of Austin chalk. Texas, Fannin County (275,

278, 281); Lamar County (283-285, 287), 

Austin chalk. Texas, Grayson County (290); Collin County

294, 295); Dallas County (310); Hill County (313). 

Brownstown marl. Texas, Red River County (318, 319); Lamar

County (320, 321). 

Selma chalk (lower part). Mississippi, Lee County (350); Itawamba County (351).

Bolivinopsis papillata (Cushman) Cushman

Plate 44, figure 9 

Spiroplectoides papillata Cushman, Tennessee Div. Geology Bull.

41, p. 44, pi. 7, figs. lOa, b, 1931; Cushman Lab. Foram.

Research Special Pub. 5, pi. 26, fig. 5, 1933; Cushman

Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 10, p. 41, pi. 6, figs. 24a,

b, 1934. 

Bolivinopsis pajrillata Cushman. Foraminifera, Ed. 3, Key, pi. 26,

fig. 5, 1940.

Test elongate, compressed, early chambers planispirally coiled, later chambers regularly biserial, low and 

broad; sutures distinct, slightly depressed, directed 

obliquely backward; wall ornamented by small, slightly 

raised papillae arranged more or less in lines parallel to 

the sutures; aperture at the base of the inner margin of 

the chamber. Length of holotype 0.35 mm., breadth 

0.12 mm.

The type of this species is from the Upper Cretaceous 

Ripley formation, New Corinth highway 13% miles 

south of Selmer, McNairy County, Tenn. (94).

The species is very small but seems to be characteristically ornamented and has much broader chambers 

than the other distinctive American species, B. rosula 

(Ehrenberg) Macfadyen, the chambers being at least 

twice as broad as high.

Navarro age.

r Ripley formation. Tennessee, McNairy County (94, 95). 

Taylor marl.

Upper part. Texas, Red River County (109). 

Lower part. Texas, Lamar County (201).
HETEROHELICIDAE 103

Bolivinopsis? clotho (Grzybowski) Cushman

Plate 44, figures 10-13 

tipiroplecta clotko Crzybowski, Akad. Umiej. Wydz. mat.-przyr.

rozpr., vol. 41, p. 283, pi. 7, fig. 18, 1901. 

Spiroplectoides clolho (Grzybowski) Cushman, Jour. Paleontology,

vol. 1, p. 159, pi. 28, fig. 6, 1927. 

Cushman and Jarvis, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research

Contr., vol. 4, p. 101, pi. 14, figs. 13, 14, 1928. 

White, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 3, p. 32, pi. 4, fig. 5, 1929. 

Jarvis, List. Petroleum Technologists Jour., vol. 15, p. 441,

1929. 

Cushman and Jarvis, U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc., vol. SO, art. 14,

p. 43, pi. 13, figs. 5, 6, 1932.

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Special Pub. 5. 

pi. 26, figs. 2, 3, 1933; Cushman Lab. Foram. Research 

Contr., vol. 10, p. 42, pi. 6, figs. 19-23, 1934. 

holivinopsis clotho (Grzybowski) Cushman, Foraminifera, Ed. 3.

Key, pi. 26, figs. 2, 3, 1940.

Spiroplecta annectens Cushman (not Parker and Jones), Am. 

Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., vol. 10, p. 584, pi. 15, 

figs. 4a, b, 1926.

Test elongate, somewhat compressed, thickest along 

the median line, megalospheric form broadest 8 at the 

base, with the sides either parallel or decreasing in 

breadth toward the apertural end, microspheric form with 

tl,ie early coiled portion the narrowest, thence increasing 

rapidly in breadth toward the apertural end, which again 

becomes reduced to a blunt point; chambers distinct, 

earliest chambers planispiral, forming about a single 

coil, later biserial, low and broad, often several times as 

broad as high; sutures distinct, slightly depressed, often 

distinctly limbate, forming an angle with the horizontal 

which in the earlier stages may be as low as 15° but in 

the final stages may increase to as much as 50°; wall 

apparently siliceous, surface smooth. Length up to 1.25 

mm., breadth up to 0.35 mm.

This species was originally described by Grzybowski 

from the Upper 'Cretaceous of Poland. The species 

occurs abundantly in the Upper Cretaceous of Trinidad, 

and also in the Velasco shale of Mexico. I have tested 

numerous specimens from both areas with acid, and they 

seem to be entirely siliceous. There is no indication of 

an arenaceous test having been altered to a siliceous 

.one, and the source of these siliceous forms becomes a 

perplexing problem. A copy of the original figure given 

by Grzybowski is given here. This shows a test of very 

similar form but with the chambers even lower and 

broader than in most of the American specimens. This 

character is, however, subject to some variation in the 

considerable number of specimens available.

Recently Frizzell has proposed the name Spiroplectammina grzyboioskii n. sp. for this species (Jour. Paleontology, vol. 17, p. 339, pi. 55, figs. 12, 13, 1943) and it 

probably should be placed in the Textulariidae.

Genus GUMBELITRIA Cushman, 1933 

Ciimbclitria cretacea Cushman

Plate 44, figure 14 

Giimbelitria cretacea Cushman, Cushman, Lab. Foram. Research

Contr., vol. 9, p. 37, pi. 4, figs. 12a, b, 1933; Cushman Lab.

Foram. Research Special Pub. 4, pi. 21, figs. 3a, b, 1933;

idem, Special Pub. 5, pi. 26, figs. 9a, b, 1933; Geol. Soc.

America Bull., vol. 47, p. 418, pi. 1, figs. 12a, b, 1936. 

Jennings, Bull. Am. Paleontology, vol. 23, No. 78, p. 28,

pi. 3, fig. 12, 1936. 

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 14,

p. 19, pi. 3, figs. 14a, b, 1938. 

Cushman and Hedberg, idem, vol. 17, p. 91, pi. 22, fig. 17,

1941. 

Cushman and Todd, idem, vol. 19, p. 65, pi. 11, fig. 16, 1943.

Test small, triserial; chambers globular, nearly 

spherical; sutures much depressed; wall smooth, finely 

perforate; aperture large, semicircular or semielliptical at

the inner margin of the last-formed chamber. Length of 

holotype 0.20 mm., breadth 0.17 mm.

This triserial form occurs in the upper part of the 

Navarro group of Texas and in the upper part of the 

Selma chalk, as well as in the Ripley formation. The 

specimens from the Ripley formation are somewhat more 

 coarsely perforate than those fro_m the upper portion of 

the section and may be found to be distinct when more 

material is available. It occurs in the Georges Bank 

canyons in material of Navarro age and in the Upper 

Cretaceous of Colombia and New Jersey.

Navarro age. 

Kemp clay. Texas, Kaufman County (2); Navarro County (7);

Williamson County (12); Travis County (15); Guadalupe

County (18). 

Corsicana marl. Texas, Limestone County (29, 30); Falls

County (32); Travis County (36, 37, 39, 40, 42); Caldwell County (44). 

Prairie Bluff chalk. Mississippi, Chickasaw County (84-86).

Alabama, Wilcox County (99).

Ripley formation. Mississippi, Pontotpc County (90). 

Selma chalk (upper part). Mississippi, Union County (92).

Genus GUMBELINA Egger, 1899

The early stages are planispiral in the microspheric 

form, linking this genus to Heterohelix Ehrenberg. 

Young specimens of the other genera derived from Gumbelina, especially of the microspheric form, may not go 

beyond the biserial stage, and are very easily confused 

with Gumbelina. As will be noted, some of the species 

are rather difficult to place generically unless large series 

of both microspheric and megalospheric forms are 

present.

Giimbeliiia moremani Cushman

Plate 44, figures 15-17

Gumbelina moremani Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research 

Contr., vol. 14, p. 10, pi. 2, figs. 1-3, 1938; idem, vol. 20. 

p. 90, pi. 14, fig. 1, 1944.

Gumbelina globulosa Moreman (not Ehrenberg), Jour. Paleontology, vol. 1, No. 1, p. 99, pi. 16, fig. 10, 1927. 

Gumbelina globifera Carman (not Reuss), idem, vol. 3, p. 311, pi. 

~ 34, fig. 3, 1929. 

Morrow, idem, vol. 8, p. 194, pi. 29, figs. 15, 17, 1934.

Test elongate, 2VL> to 3 times as long as broad, gradually tapering throughout, only slightly enlarging in the 

later portion, periphery distinctly indented throughout; 

chambers globular, often slightly irregular and occasionally with one developed at the side in the adult; sutures 

distinct and depressed throughout; wall smooth, finely 

perforate; aperture, a high, arched opening at the inner 

margin of the last-formed chamber, with a slight lip 

which may reach forward at the sides onto the previously 

formed chamber. Length 0.35 to 0.45 mm., breadth 

0.15 to 0.18 mm., thickness 0.10 mm.

The types are from the Cretaceous, lower part of Eagle 

Ford shale, south bank of small stream 100 yards east 

of highway 2.1 miles north of Itasca, Hill County, Tex.

This species differs from G. globulosa (Ehrenberg) 

Egger in the larger number of chambers and more slender 

and less tapering test. It occurs in the Eagle Ford and 

equivalent formations in considerable numbers, and 

occasionally shows a tendency toward Ventilabrella.

Austin age.

Austin chalk, lower part. Texas, Dallas County (340). 

Selma chalk (lower part). Mississippi, Lee County (350). 

Eagle Ford shale. Texas, Grayson County (354); Dallas County 

(355-360, 362, 363); Hill County (365-369); Ellis County (370).
104 UPPER CRETACEOUS FORAMINIFERA OF GULF COASTAL REGION

Giimbelina reussi Gush man

Plate 44, figures 18, 19 

Giimbelina, reussi Cushmun, Cushman Lab. Forain. Research

Contr., vol. 14, p. 11, pi. 2, figs. 6-9, 1938 

Cushman and Deaderick, idem, vol. 18, p. 63, pi. 15, figs.

5-7, 1942.

Cushman, idem, vol. 20, p. 90, pi. 14, fig. 2, 1944. 

Textularia globulosa Reuss (not Ehrenberg), Verstein. bohm. 

Kreideformation, pt. 1, p. 39, pi. 12, fig. 23(?), 1845.

Test about 1% times as long as broad, rapidly tapering, 

greatest breadth formed by the last pair of chambers, 

periphery of early part usually entire, later distinctly indented; chambers globular, and in the later portion distinctly set apart, with a triangular; depresssed area 

between; sutures distinctly depressed throughout; wall 

smooth, finely perforate, the earliest portion sometimes 

showing .longitudinal rows of perforations; aperture high, 

semicircular, at the inner border of the chamber. Length 

0.40 to 0.50 mm., breadth 0.28 to 0.30 mm., thickness 

0.22 to 0.25 mm.

The types are from the lower part of the Austin chalk, 

ditch on west side of Sherman-Dennison highway 3 miles 

north of Sherman, Tex.

This species differs from G. globulosa (Ehrenberg) 

Egger in the tendency for the early portion to have an 

entire periphery, and in the less overlapping chambers, 

clearly set off from one another and with a triangular 

indented area between. This species ranges mainly from 

the lower beds of Austin age into the lower beds of Taylor 

age.

Taylor age.

Ozan formation. Arkansas, Little River County (254). 

Selma chalk (middle part). Mississippi, Lee County (268). 

Anhona chalk. Texas, Bowie County (189); Red River County

(191-193, 196-198). 

. Lower part of Taylor marl. Texas, Red Rivei County (199);

Lamar County (200); Fannin County (203, 205); Collin

County (208-215); Dallas County (216, 217, 219-222, 224,

225, 227); Ellis County (232, 235); Navarro County (236);

McLennan County (238-240, 242); Falls County (244);

Travis County (247). 

Austin age. 

Gober tongue of Austin chalk. Texas, Fannin County (272-

281); Lamar County (282-288). 

- Austin chalk.Texas, Grayson County (289-291, 333-335);' Collin

County (292-295, 324, 337); Dallas County (296-309, 311,

325, 326, 338 339, 341-345); Hill County (312-314, 346) ;

Bell County (315, 316). 

Brownstown marl. Texas, Lamar County (320). Arkansas,

Sevier County. 

Bonham marl. Texas, Lamar County (327, 330, 331); Grayson

County (328).

Ector tongue of Austin chalk. Texas, Grayson County (332). 

Selma chalk (lower part). Mississippi, Itawamba County (351).

Giimbelina plummerae Loetterle

Plate 45, figures 1-3 

Giimbelina -plummerae Loetterle, Nebraska Geol.' Survey Bull.,

2d ser., Bull. 12, p. 33, pi. 5, figs. 1, 2, 1937. 

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 14,

p. 15. pi. 3, figs. 3-5, 1938. 

Cole, Florida Dept. Cons. Geol. Bull. 16, p. 34 (list), pi. 3.

fig. 9, 1938. 

Cushman and Deaderick, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research

Contr., vol. 18, p. 62, pi. 15, figs. 2-4, 1942. 

Cushman, idem, vol. 20, p. 10, pi. 2, fig. 18* 1944; idem,

vol. 20, p. 90, pi. 14, fig. 3, 1944.

Textularia globulosa Carsey (not Ehrenberg), Texas Univ. Bull. 

2612, p. 25, pi. 5, fig. 2, 1926.

Test comparatively large, stout, rapidly tapering in the 

early portion, in the adult much more gradually tapering 

or even contracted, thickness often greater than the 

breadth, periphery of the early portion slightly keeled, 

later deeply indented; chambers of the later portion 

strongly inflated, occasionally with one or more irregularly placed chambers at the upper end, tending toward 

Ventilabrella; sutures depressed, somewhat curved in the 

later portion; wall of the early portion distinctly costate, 

becoming less markedly so in the later chambers; aperture a low, broad arch with a slight lip. Length 0.50 to 

0,65 mm., breadth 0.30 to 0.40 mm., thickness 0.40 to 

0.45 mm.

From the original description of this species, it seems 

that it is widely distributed not only in Nebraska and 

Kansas, but in the Gulf Coastal Plain as well. It is* 

present at many localities ranging in horizon from beds 

of Austin age upward through those of Taylor age into 

the Neylandville marl. In the upper beds of Navarro 

age it is replaced by Ventilabrella carseyae Plummer, 

which is evidently derived from it. It is recorded from 

the Selma chalk of Florida well samples.

Navarro age.

Corsicana marl. Texas, Travis County (43)(?)

Selma^chalk (upper part). Alabama, Marengo County (104).

Neylandville marl. Texas, Red River County (50); Hunt 

County (55); Rockwall County (57); Navarro County 

(63). 

Taylor age.

Upper part of Taylor marl. Texas, Red River County (105- 

109); Delta County (114); Hunt County (116); Collin 

County (121); Rockwall County (123, 124); Kaufman 

County (125, 128, 129); Navarro County (132); Leon 

County (138); Milam County (139); Williamson County 

(140, 142-144); Travis County (145, 149); Bexar County 

(155, 156, 158, 159, 161, 162).

Pecan Gap chalk member of Taylor marl. Texas, Hunt County 

(168); Collin County (169, 170); Kaufman County (173)'; 

McLennan County (177); Delta County (165, 166).

Selma chalk of Pecan Gap chalk age. Alabama, Marengo 

County (256).

Wolfe City sand member of Taylor marl. Texas, Collin County 

(180, 181); Hunt County (184); Navarro County (188). '

Annoiia chalk. Texas, Bowie County- (189); Red River Countv 

(194, 196, 198).

Lower part of Taylor marl. Texas, Delta County (206); Ellis 

County (234); McLennan County (239, 241-243); Falls 

County (244); Bell County (245); Travis County (249). 

Austin age.

Burditt marl (of Adkins). Texas, Bell County (269).

Austin chalk. Texas, Grayson County (336).

Selma chalk (lower part). Mississippi, Lee County (350); Itawamba County (351).

Selma chalk of late Austin age? Alabama, Warrior River (353).

Brownstown marl. Arkansas, Sevier County.

Giimbelina striata (Ehrenberg) Egger

Plate 45, figures 4, 5

Textilaria striata Ehrenberg, K. preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, Abh.,

p. 135, pi. 4, figs. l a, 2a, 3a. 1838; Mikrogeologie, pi. 27^

fig. 3; pi. 28, fig. 6; pi. 31, fig. 9; pi. 32i. fig. 4b; pi. 32ii,

figs. 11, 14, 1854.

Cushman, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 1, pp. 215, 216, pi. 34,

fig. 4b; pi. 35, figs. 11, 14, 1928.

Giimbelina striata Egger, K. bayer. Akad. Wiss., Math.-naturh. 

Abt., Abh., Kl. 2. vol. 21, p. 33, pi. 14, figs. 37-39 (not 5-7. 

10, 11), 1899. 

. Voonvijk, Royal Acad. Amsterdam Proc., vol. 40, p. 7, pi. 1,

figs. 9, 10, 1937. 

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram Research Contr., vol. 14,

p. 8, pi. 1, figs. 34-40, 1938. 

- Cushman and Deaderick, idem, vol. 18, p. 63, pi. 15, figs.

8-10, 1942.

Cushman and Todd, idem, vol. 19, p. 64, pi. 11. fig. 11, 1943. 

Cushman, idem, vol. 20, p. 10, pi. 2, fig. 19, 1944; idem, vol. 

20, p. 91, pi. 14, fig. 4, 1944.

Test in the adult about twice as long as broad, tapering ; the greatest breadth toward the apertural end, where 

in the adult the increase in diameter becomes very gradual; periphery distinctly indented throughout; chambers 

inflated throughout, nearly spherical; sutures distinct, 

depressed throughout; wall in the earliest portion dis-
HETEROHELICIDAE 105

tinctly and finely longitudinally costate, in the later 

chambers becoming less clearly costate and ornamented 

by fine pits in longitudinal lines, and in the final chambers in the adult usually smooth; aperture a rather large 

opening at the inner margin at the base of the apertural 

face. Length 0.45 to 0.60 mm., breadth 0.25 to 0.35 mm., 

thickness 0.18 to 0.22 mm.

The surface ornamentation decreases in strength as 

growth progresses, from a finely costate early stage to 

smooth final chambers in the adult. Ehrenberg in 1854 

records the species from various American and other 

localities, but all figures are from specimens in balsam 

and give little indication of the surface characters other 

than rather conventional fine longitudinal lines. In 

actual specimens in side view, these lines follow the 

general curved surface, and the present figures attempt 

to show the changes that appear.

In America this species has been confused with G. 

costulata Cushman, which is very distinct. G. striata 

may be distinguished from G. globulosa (Ehrenberg) 

Egger by its surface characters, somewhat greater relative length, and lesser tendency to flare in the adult.

In Europe it occurs in the upper part of the Cretaceous, 

and in America it ranges from beds of Austin age up 

through those of Taylor age into the Neylandville but 

is rarely found typically in the upper beds of Navarro 

age.

Navarro age.

Corsicana marl. Texas, Limestone County (29, 30); Navarro 

County (27).

Ripley formation. Mississippi, Pontotoc County (90). Tennessee, McNairy County (94, 95). ^

Neylandville marl. Texas, Kaufman County ("60, 61); Navarro

County (68). 

Taylor age.

Upper part of Taylor marl. Texas, Red River County (107, 

109); Milam County (139); Guadalupe County (151); 

Bexar County (159).

Pecan Gap chalk member of Taylor marl. Texas, Delta County 

(166); Collin County (172); Rockwall County (175).

Selma chalk of Pecan Gap chalk age. Alabama, Marengo County (256).

Lower part of Taylor marl. Texas, Collin County (207); Dallas 

County (220, 221); Kaufman County (228); McLennan 

County. (238, 241); Travis County (248). 

Austin age.

Austin chalk. Texas, Collin County (292); Dallas County (310).

Brownstown marl. Texas, Red River County (318, 319); Lamar 

County (321). Arkansas, Sevier County.

Ector tongue of Austin chalk. Texas, Grayson County (332).

Selma chalk (lower part). Mississippi, Lee County (350); Itawamba County (351).

Selma chalk of upper Austin age. Alabama. Pickens County 

(362).

Giimbelina planata Cushman

Plate 45, figures 6, 7

Giimbelina planata Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research 

Contr., vol. 14, p. 12, pi. 2, figs. 13, 14, 1938; idem, vol. 20, 

p. 10, pi. 2, fig. 20, 1944.

Test compressed, about l 1/^ times as long as broad, 

rapidly tapering with the greatest breadth formed by 

the last pair of chambers, periphery slightly keeled in 

the' early portion, in the remainder deeply indentate; 

chambers broader than high throughout, somewhat compressed, in the adult portion separated by depressed triangular areas; sutures distinctly depressed, somewhat 

curved; wall smooth, finely perforate, the perforations 

tending to be in longitudinal lines; aperture high, arched, 

with distinct, lateral flanges running out onto the preceding chamber. Length 0.35 to 0.45 mm., breadth 0.25 to 

0.30.mm., thickness 0.12 to 0.14 mm.

The types are from the Taylor marl on the Paris highway 1.8 miles east of Deport on west-facing slope of 

Mustang Creek Valley, Red River County, Tex.

This species differs from G. striata (Ehrenberg) Egger 

in the broader, more compressed chambers, slight keel in 

the early portion, and the smoother surface.

So far, the species has been found only in the Taylor 

marl.

Taylor marl. 

Upper part. Texas, Red River County (108); Leon County

(138). 

Pecan Gap chalk member. Texas, Delta County (166).

Giimbelina carinata Cushman

Plate 45, figure 8

Giimbelina carinata Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research 

Contr., vol. 14. p. 18, pi. 3, fig. 10, 1938; idem, vol. 20, 

p. 92, pi. 14, fig. 6, 1944.

Test only slightly longer than broad, much compressed, 

early portion rapidly tapering, later with the sides nearly 

parallel, all but the latest chambers keeled; chambers 

broader than high, increasing somewhat in relative height 

in the last chambers, only slightly inflated; sutures of the 

early portion slightly limbate, later sutures slightly depressed; wall in the early portion slightly costate, later 

smooth, finely perforate; aperture low, arched. Length 

0.20 to 0.22 mm., breadth 0,15 to 0.18'mm., thickness 

0.06 to 0.08 mm.

The types are from the lower part of the Taylor marl 

in a ditch southeast of the Commerce-Paris highway 6 

miles south of the Texas & Pacific Railway Station in 

Paris, Lamar County, Tex.

This species differs from G. striata (Ehrenberg) Egger 

in the smaller, much compressed test, which is strongly 

carinate. It occurs mostly in the lower part of the 

Taylor marl, but specimens also occur rarely in the 

Annona chalk and Wolfe City sand member of the Taylor 

marl. It is evidently the ancestral form of some of the 

later species with compressed and carinate early stages. 

It was at first thought to be possibly the young form of 

some of the other species, but it seems to be distinct.

Taylor age. 

Wolfe City sand member of Taylor marl. Texas, Navarro

County (187).

Annona chalk. Texas, Red River County (192). 

Lower part of Taylor marl. Texas, Lamar County (201, 202); 

Collin County (211, 214); Dallas County (221); Navarro 

County (236); Hill County (237).

Austin age. Selma chalk (lower part). Mississippi, Itawamba 

County (351).

Giimbelina globulosa (Ehrenberg) Egger

Plate 45, figures 9-15 

Textilana olobulosa Ehrenberg, K. preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin,

Abh., p. 135, pi. 4, fig. 4#, 1834; Mikrogeologie, pi. 21,

fig. 87, etc., 1854. 

Eley, Geology in the garden, pp. 194, 202, pi. 2, fig. 9; pi. 9,

fig. 9, 1859. 

Franke. Preuss. geol. Landesanstalt Abh., new ser., vol. Ill,

p. 134, pi. 12, fig. 11, 1928.

Cushman, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 1, p. 215, pi. 34, fig. 8, 1928. 

Giimbelina globulosa Egger, K. bayer. Akad. Wiss., Math.-naturh.

Abt., Abh., Kl. 2, vol. 21. pt. 1, p. 32, pi. 14, fig. 43, 1899. 

Chapman, Western Australia Geol. Survey Bull. 72, p.. 14,

pi. 2, fig. 17,1917; New Zealand Geol. Survey Paleontology

Bull. 11, p. 33, pi. 8, fig. 5, 1926. 

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 3,

p. 190, 1927. 

Carman, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 3, p. 312, pi. 34, figs. 10-

20(?). 1929. 

White, idem, p. 36, pi. 4, figs. lOa, b, 1929.
106 UPPER CRETACEOUS FORAMINIFERA OF GULF COASTAL REGION

Cushman, Tennessee Div. Geology Bull. 41, p. 43, pi. 7,

figs. 3-5, 1931; Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr.,

vol. 7, p. 39, pi. 5, figs. 7a, b, 1931; Jour. Paleontology,

vol. 6, p. 338, 1932; Geol. Soc. America Bull., vol. 47,

p. 418, pi. 1, figs. 8a, b, 1936. 

Morrow, Jour. Paleontologv, vol. 8, p. 194, pi 29, figs. 18a,

b(?)/1934. 

Glaessner, Problems of paleontology, vol. 1, p. 108, pi. 2,

fig. 2, 1936. 

Jennings, Bull. Am. Paleontology, vol. 23, No. 78, p. 27,

pi. 3, fig. 9, 1936.

Voorwijk, Royal Acad. Amsterdam Proc., vol. 40, p. 5, 1937. 

Loetterle, Nebraska Geol. Survey Bull., 2d ser., Bull. 12,

p. 34, pi. 5, fig. 3(?), 1937. 

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 14,

p. 6, pi. 1, figs. 28-33, 1938.

Cole, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 16, p. 34, pi. 3, fig. 10, 1938. 

Cushman and Hedberg, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research

Contr., vol. 17, p. 92, pi. 22, figs. 15a, b, 1941. 

Macfadyen, Geol. Mag., vol. 79, p. 139 (list), 1942. - 

Cushman and Todd, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr.,

vol. 19, p. 64, pi. 11, fig. 12, 1943. 

Cushman and Deaderick, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 18, p. 336,

pi. 53, figs. 2, 3, 1944. 

Textilaria globifera Reuss, Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-naturwiss.

Sitzungsber., vol. 40, p. 232, pi. 13, figs. 7, 8, 1860. 

Egger, Naturw. Ver. Passau Ber., p. 18, pi. 5, fig. 4, 1907;

K. bayer. Akad. Wiss., Math.-phys. Kl., Jahrg. 11, Abh.,

Sitzungsber, p. 22, pi. 2, fig. 16, 1909; Naturw. Ver. Regensburg Ber., p. 12, pi. 5, fig. 11, 1910.

Franke, Greifswald Univ., Geol.-palaeont. Inst., Abh., vol. 6, 

1 p. 11, pi. 1, fig. 13, 1925. 

Giimbelina globifera Egger, K. bayer. Akad. Wiss., Math.-naturh.

Abt., Abh., Kl. 2, vol. 2, vol. 21, pt. 1, p. 33, pi. 14, figs.

35, 36, 53^55, 1899. 

Chapman, Western Australia Geol. Survey Bull. 72, p. 14,

pi. 2, fig. 18, 1917; New Zealand Geol. Survey Paleontology Bull. 11, p. 33, pi. 8, fig. 4, 1926. 

White, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 3, p. 35, pi. 4, fig. 9, 1929. 

Giimbelina pupa White (not' Reuss), Jour. Paleontology, vol. 3,

p. 38, pi. 4, fig. 11, 1929.

Test rapidly tapering, greatest breadth toward the 

apertural end, initial end subacute, 1% to 2 times as long 

as broad, in side view with the chambers regularly enlarging to the greatest width at the last-formed chamber, periphery distinctly indented throughout; chambers 

inflated throughout, increasing in size rather more rapidly 

toward the apertural end, nearly spherical; sutures distinct, depressed throughout; wall smooth, finely perforate; aperture broad, low, with a slightly thickened 

rim above. Length 0.30 to. 0.50 mm., breadth 0.20 to 

0.25 mm., thickness Q.18 to 0.25 mm.

The wall is smooth throughout, and the fine perforations show little or no tendency to form elongate lines. 

The periphery is lobulate throughout, usually even in the 

earliest portion. - Numerous other references to this species cannot be 

verified from original material. Reuss' Textilaria globifera seems to be a synonym of Ehrenberg's species, although Reuss' T. globulosa from Bohemia seems to be 

different from Ehrenberg's and may be > the same as 

Gilmbelma reussi Cushman.

The species in Europe seems to occur mainly in the 

Senonian and Maestrichtian and in America apparently 

.ranges downward from horizons as high as the Kemp 

clay at the top of the Navarro group to horizons as low 

as at least the middle part of the Taylor marl, with 

rare occurrences below. It apparently developed from 

G. reussi, which occurs in the lower part of the section 

and does not have the earlier chambers so globose. The 

records from the Niobrara and other chalks of the 

Kansas-Nebraska region are given here with some question. An examination of the original material may show 

tli em to be G. reussi.

The species occurs in the Selma chalk of wells in 

Florida and in both the upper and the lower zones of the 

Colon formation in Colombia, and is recorded from the 

Upper Cretaceous of Cuba.

Navarro age. 

Kemp clay. Texas, Hopkins County (1); Kaufman County

(2); Navarro County (7); Falls County (9); Williamson

County (11); Travis County (13, 15, 17). 

Corsicana marl. Texas, Navarro County (27, 28); Limestone

County (29, 30); Travis County (34, 41, 42); Caldwell

County (44); Guadalupe County (45); Bexar County

(46).

Arkadelphia marl. Arkansas, Hempstead County (70). 

Owl Creek formation. Mississippi, Tippah County (83). 

Prairie Bluff chalk. Mississippi, Chickasaw County (84-87).

Alabama, Sumter County (101, 102). 

Nacatoch sand. Texas, Bowie County (47, 48). 

Saratoga chalk. Arkansas, Hempstead County (81).. 

Ripley formation. Tennessee, McNairy County. (94, 95); Henderson County (96). 

Selma chalk (upper part). Mississippi, Union County (92).

Tennessee, McNairy County (98). 

Neylandville marl. Texas, Red River County (50); Delta

County (51, 52); Hunt County (54); Kaufman County

(60, 62); Navarro County (64, 68). 

Taylor age. 

Upper part of Taylor marl. Texas, Lamar County (110-112);

Hunt County (117); Collin County (121, 122);, Kaufman

County (129); Milam County (139); Travis County (145,

149); Bexar County (154, 156, 158). 

Selma chalk (middle part). Mississippi, Alcorn County (257-

259); Prentiss County (261); Union County (262); Lee

County (265-267). 

Wolfe City sand member of Taylor marl. Texas, Hunt County

(186); Navarro County (187). 

Marlbrook marl. Arkansas, Clark County; Howard County;

Hempstead County. 

Lower part of Taylor marl. Texas, Kaufman County (228, 229).

Giimbelina pseudotessera Cushman

Plate 45, figures 16-20

Giimbelina tessera Cushman (not G. tessera Cushman, 1936, nor 

Grammostomum tessera Ehrenberg), Jour. Paleontology, 

vol. 6, p. 338, pi. 51, figs. 4, 5, 1932. 

Loetterle, Nebraska Geol. Survey Bull., 2d ser., Bull. 12,

p. 34, pi. 5, fig. 4, 1937. 

Jennings, Bull. Am. Paleontology, vol. 23, No. 78, p. 27,

pi. 3, figs. lOa, b, 1936. 

Voorwijk, Royal Acad. Amsterdam Proc., vol. 40, No. 2,

p. 7, pi. 1, figs. 3, 4, 1937.

Giimbelina pseudotessera Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 14, p. 14, pi. 2, figs. 19-21, 1938; idem, 

vol. 20, p. 10, 1944; idem, vol. 20, p. 91, pi. 14, fig. 5, 1944.

Test compressed, 1% to 2 times as long as broad, rapidly tapering with greatest breadth at the last pair of 

chambers, periphery indented throughout; chambers 

somewhat inflated, broader than high throughout, in the 

adult somewhat curved and broader; sutures depressed, 

somewhat curved in the last portion; wall smooth and 

polished, very finely perforate; aperture a very high, 

arched opening with a slight lip and distinct flanges, but 

not extending far onto the preceding chamber. Length 

0.25 to 0.50 mm., breadth 0.20 to 0.30 mm., thickness 

0.08 to 0.12 mm.

The types are from the upper part of the Taylor marl 

4.9 miles east of Forney, on the Forney-Terrell highway, 

Kaufman County, Tex.

This species differs from G. globulosa in the compressed test, broader chambers, particularly in the last 

portion, and the somewhat curved sutures. The microspheric form is much broader than the megalospheric, 

and occasional specimens of the megalospheric form are 

very narrow.

G. pseudotessera according to present records apparently ranges through most of the beds of Austin age and
HETEROHELICIDAE 107

of Taylor age. It is recorded also from the Cretaceous 

of Cuba.

Tuylor age. 

Upper part of Taylor marl. Texas, Red River County (105,

106); Laraur County (110, 112); Hunt County (116, 117);

Collin County (119, 122); Kaufman County (125, .129);

Nuvarro County (132).

Pecan Gap chalk member of Taylor marl. Texas, Delta County (165).

Selma chalk (middle part). Mississippi, Union County (262). 

Annona chalk. Texas, Collin County (188a). 

Lower part of Taylor marl. Texas, Lamar County (201); Delta

County (206); Collin County (211, 212); Dallas County

(217, 219, 220-222, 227); Kaufman County (228); Navarro

County (236); Hill County (237); McLennan County

(238).

Austin age.

Burditt marl (of Aclkins). Texas, Bell County (269). 

Gober tongue Of Austin chalk. Texas, Fannin County (278);

Lamar County (284). 

Austin chalk. Texas, Grayson County (289, 291, 333, 335);

Collin County (295); Dallas County (301, 302, 304, 305,

307, 308, 311, 326); Hill County (314). 

Brownstown marl. Texas, Lamar County (320). 

Bonham marl. Texas, Lamar County (327. 331); Grayson

County (328). 

Solma chalk (lower part). Mississippi, Lee County (350); Itawamba County (351).

Ciimbclitia semicostatn Cushmaii

Plate 46, figures 1-5

Gilmbelina semicoslaia Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research 

Contr., vol. 14, p. 16, pi. 3, fig. 6, 1938.

Test about 1% times as long as broad, compressed, 

gradually tapering, less rapidly in the .later portion, early 

portion slightly keeled, later portion with the periphery 

slightly indentate, initial end acute; chambers with the 

faces flattened but broadly rounded at the periphery, 

broader than high throughout; sutures broadly limbate, 

slightly if at all depressed, curved; wall in the middle 

and inner portions smooth, toward the periphery with 

several strongly curved costae; aperture a rounded, 

arched opening with a thickened, rounded lip. Length 

0.35 mm., breadth 0.20 mm,, thickness 0.10 mm.

The types are from the lower beds of the upper part 

of the Taylor marl in the east bank of a road cut near 

the crest of a hill 14.4 miles south of Paris and 0.9 mile 

north of Lake City, Delta County, Tex.

This species differs from G. striata (Ehrenberg) Egger 

in the strongly limbate, well-developed, curved costae at 

the outer side of the chambers, and compressed test. 

It is one of the most striking species of the genus, and 

its range seems to be mostly confined to the upper part 

of the Taylor marl. It should be an' excellent index 

fossil for this part of ,the section.

Navarro group. Neylandville marl. Texas, Navarro County (66). 

Taylor marl.

Upper part. Texas, Lamar County (110). . Lower part. Texas, Delta County (206).

Gumbclina ulliinatumida White

Plate 46, figures 6, 7 

Gumbelina ultimalumida White, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 3, p. 39,

pi. 4, fig. 13, 1929. 

Jennings, Bull. Am. Paleontology, vol. 23, No. 78, p. 27,

pi. 3, fig. 11, 1936. 

. Voorwijk, Royal Acad. Amsterdam Proc., vol. 40, No. 2,

p. 7, pi. 1, figs. 5, 6, 1937. 

Cushman,' Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 14,

p. 13, pi. 2, figs. 17, 18, 1938. 

Textularia pupa Cushman (not Reuss), A in. Assoc. Petroleum

Geologists Bull., vol. 10, p. 584, pi. 15, figs. 5, 6, 1926. 

Gumbelina pupa Cushman (not Reuss), Jour. Paleontology, vol. 1, 

p. 157, pi. 27, figs. 6a, b, 1927.

Test about 1% times as. long as broad, early portion 

rapidly tapering, later portion with little increase in 

width, periphery slightly indented; chambers inflated 

throughout, strongly so in the adult; sutures depressed; 

wall in the early portion faintly striate, later with the 

perforations in lines, and smooth in the adult; aperture 

a high arch with a slightly thickened border. Length 

0.40 to 0.60 mm., breadth 0.25 to 0.35 mm., thickness 

0.20 to 0.25 mm.

The types are from the Cretaceous Mendez shale in an 

arroyo in Chapacao, 5.5 kms. north of Chijol Station, 

Mexico. The figured specimens are from the Velasco 

shale of Mexico. From the series available, the type 

specimen is probably immature, and both young and 

adult forms are given on our plate.

Besides occurring in Mexico and Cuba, the species 

occurs in the Upper Cretaceous of Trinidad and has been 

recorded from Texas, but the records are not accompanied by figures. It has also been recorded from New 

Jersey, but the figure given is not typical.

Ciinibeliiia globocarinata Cushman

Plate 46, figures 8, 9

Gumbelina globocarinata Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 14, p. 10, pi. 2, figs. 4, 5, 1938. 

Cushman and Deaderick, idem, vol. 18, p. 63, 1942. 

Cushman, idem, vol. 20, p. 10, pi. 2, fig. 21, 1944.

Test rapidly tapering from the subacute initial end to 

the greatest breadth formed by the last 2 chambers, early 

portion compressed and slightly carinate, periphery in 

the early portion entire, later distinctly indented; chambers of the early portion compressed, much broader than 

high, thence increasing gradually in relative height, lastformed pair much enlarged and inflated; sutures- distinct, 

early sutures slightly limbate, depressed strongly in the 

later portion; wall of the early portion finely costate 

longitudinally, later with longitudinal rows of fine pits; 

aperture a large, arched opening at the inner margin of 

the chamber. Length 0.40 to 0.50 mm., breadth 0.28 to 

0.30 mm., thickness 0.20 mm.

The types are from the upper part of the Taylor marl, 

Milton road, west-facing slope of a branch valley 1 mile 

west of Deport, Lamar County, Tex.

This species differs from G. striata (Ehrenberg) Egger 

in the carinate and compressed early portion, and the 

very rapidly expanding last chambers.

The range of the species seems to be from beds of 

Austin age throughout the beds of Taylor age and into 

horizons equivalent to the Neylandville marl, but not 

above.

Navarro age.

Selma chalk (upper part). Alabama, Marengo County (104).

Neylandville marl. Texas, Hunt County (53, 55); Rockwall 

County (57); Kaufman County (58, 62); Navarro County 

(63, 64, 66, 67, 69). 

Taylor age.

Upper part of Taylor marl. Texas, Red River County (105, 

106, 108); Lamar County (110, 112); Fannin County 

(113); Delta County (114); Hunt County (115, 116); 

Collin County (119-122); Kaufman County (128-131); 

Navarro County (132, 134); Limestone County (136); 

Leon County (138): Milam County (139); Williamson 

County (141, 143, 144); Hays County (150); Giiadalupe 

County (151); Bexar County (152, 153, 155, 156, 158-60, 

162, 163).

Anacacho limestone (upper part). Texas, Bexar County (164).

Pecan Gap chalk member of Taylor marl. Texas, Delta County 

(165, 166); Hunt County (168); Collin County (169-172); 

Kaufman County (173); Rockwall County (175); McLennan County (177).
108

Selma chalk of Pecan Gap chalk age. Alabama, Marengo County (256).

'Selma chalk (middle part). Mississippi, Alcorn County (258); 

Prentiss County (260); Lee County (263).

Wolfe City sand member of Taylor marl. Texas, Collin County 

(180, 181, 183); Navarro County (187, 188).

Lower part of Taylor marl. Texas, Lamar County (201); Delta 

County (206); Dallas County (223); Kaufman County 

(228); Ellis County (234); Hill County (237); Williamson County (246); Travis County (249); Comal County 

(251). 

Austin age.

Burditt marl (of Adkins). Texas, Bell County (269); Travis 

County (270, 271).

Austin chalk. Texas, Grayson County (290).

Brownstown marl. Arkansas, .Sevier County.

Giimbelina costulata Cushman

Plate 46, figures 10-12 

Giimbelina costulata Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research

Contr., vol. 14, p. 16, pi. 3, figs. 7-9, 1938. 

Cushman and Todd, idem, vol. 19, p. 64, pi. 11, fig. 13, 1943.

Test 1% to 2 times as long as broad, rather rapidly 

tapering, initial end often acute with a slight point, somewhat compressed; earlier portion with the periphery 

slightly keeled, later portion slightly indented; chambers 

slightly inflated, mostly broader than high, last chambers 

with the inner portion reduced in height; sutures in the 

early portion slightly limbate and little if at all depressed, 

later depressed and slightly curved; wall ornamented 

throughout with fine longitudinal costae, becoming somewhat curved and nearly parallel to the periphery in the 

later part; aperture semicircular, with a slightly thickened lip. Length 0.25 to 0.30 mm., breadth 0.15 to 0.20 

mm., thickness 0.10 mm.

The types are from the lower beds of the upper part 

of the Taylor marl in a gully north of a road west of 

an iron bridge over a branch of Kickapoo Creek 1.9 

miles northwest of Annona, Red River County, Tex.

This species differs from G. striata (Ehrenberg) Egger 

in the smaller size, compressed test, lower and broader 

chambers, and distinctly costate surface throughout. It 

occurs in greatest numbers in the middle and upper portions of the Taylor marl and its equivalents, but it also 

continues on through beds of the Navarro group, where 

it evidently gives rise to the somewhat larger and more 

coarsely ornamented G. excolata Cushman.

Navarro age.

Kemp clay. Texas, Navarro County (7); Falls County (9) ; 

Travis County (15); Guadalupe County (18).

Corsicana marl. Texas, Navarro County (25, 27); Falls County 

(32); Travis County (34. 37, 38, 40, 42, 43); Caldwell 

County (44); Limestone County (30).

Prairie Bluff chalk. Mississippi, Chickasaw County (85, 86). 

Alabama, Sumter County (101, 102).

Nacatoch sand. Texas, Bowie County (48).

Ripley formation. Tennessee, McNairy County (94).

Neylandville marl. Texas, Hunt County (54); Kaufman County (58, 60-62); Navarro County (66). 

Taylor marl.

Upper part. Texas, Red River County (105-107, 109); Lamar 

County (110, 112); Collin County (119, 121, 122); Kaufman County (125, 129-131); Navarro County (132, 134); 

Leon County (138); Milam County (139); Williamson 

County (141, 144); Travis County (145, 149); Bexar 

County (156, 158, 159).

Pecan Gap chalk member. Texas, Delta County (166); McLennan County (177).

Wolfe City sand member. Texas, Collin County (183).

Lower part. Texas, Delta County (206); Collin County (212); 

Kaufman County (228, 229).

Giimbelina pimctulata Cushman

Plate 46, figures 13, 14

Giimbelina punctulata Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research 

Contr., vol. 14, p. 13, pi. 2, figs.. 15, 16, 1938.

Test broad and rounded, about 1% times as long as 

broad, initial portion rapidly tapering, later portion of 

nearly uniform width, periphery of early portion keeled, 

later indented; chambers of the early portion somewhat 

compressed, keeled, much broader than high, rapidly inflated in the adult, in which they are globular; sutures in 

the early- portion slightly depressed and limbate, later 

strongly depressed; wall in the early portion slightly 

costate or with the fine perforations in vertical lines, in 

the adult thicker-walled with the surface rather coarsely 

punctate; aperture, a low, broad arch with a slight lip, 

the sides continuing in a flange onto the preceding chamber. Length 0.45 to 0.55 mm., breadth 0.32 to 0.35 mm., 

thickness 0.22 to 0.25 mm.

The types are from the Taylor marl, Paris highway. 

1.8 miles east of Deport, west-facing slope of MustangCreek Valley, Red River County, Tex.

This species differs from G. striata (Ehrenberg) Egger 

in the compressed and keeled early portion, very rapid 

expansion of the later chambers, rather uniform width 

in the adult, and the coarsely punctate surface in the 

adult. The range seems to be mostly through the upper 

beds of Taylorage, including the Wolfe City sand member, the Annona chalk, and also the Neylandville marl.

Navarro age. Neylandville marl. Texas, Rockwall County (57). 

Taylor age.

Upper part of Taylor marl. Texas, Red River County (105, 

106, 108, 109); Lamar County (110); Leon County (138) ; 

Milam County (139). 

Wolfe City sand member of Taylor marl. Texas, Navarro

County (188).

Annona chalk. Texas, Red River County (194, 195). 

Lower part of Taylor marl. Texas, Delta County (206).

Giimbelina spinifera Cushman

Plate 46, figure 15

Giimbelina spinifera Cushman, Tennessee Div. Geology Bull. 41, 

p. 43, pi. 7, figs. 8a, b, 1931; Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Special Pub. 5, pi. 26, fig. 7, 1933; Cushman Lab. 

Foram. Research Contr., vol. 14, p. 11, pi. 2, fig. 10, 1938.

Test slightly longer than broad, rapidly tapering, 

periphery indented throughout; chambers inflated, globular in the adult, in the early portion broader than high; 

sutures distinctly depressed; wall ornamented by short 

spines scattered over the whole surface; aperture small, 

semicircular, with a slight lip. Length 0.20 to 0.25 mm., 

breadth 0.15 mm., thickness 0.10 mm.

The types of this species are from the Ripley formation 

of Tennessee, and it has not been noted elsewhere in 

our material.

Navarro age. Ripley formation. Tennessee, McNairy County 

(94).

Giimbelina excolata Cushman

Plate 46, figure 16

Giimbelina excolata Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research 

Contr., vol. 2, pt. 1, p. 20, pi. 2, fig. 9, 1926; Jour. Paleontology, vol. 1, p. 157, pi. 28, fig. 13, 1927. 

White, idem, vol. 3, p. 34, pi. 4, fig. 7, 1929. 

. Plummer, Texas Univ. Bull. 3101, p. 176, pi. 8, fig. 10, 1931. 

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 14.

p. 17, pi. 3, fig. 11, 1938. 

Cole, Florida Dept. Cons. Geol. Bull. 16, p. 34, pi. 3, fig. 4,

1938. 

Cushman and Hedberg, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research

Contr., vol. 17, p. 92, pi. 22, fig. 14, 1941. 

Cushman and Todd, idem, vol. 19, p. 64, pi. 11, fig. 15, 1943. 

Textularia costata Carsey, Texas Univ. Bull. 2612, p. 26, pi 1 

fig. 4, 1926. ' '
HETEROHELICIDAE 109

Test about 1% times as long as broad, tapering, in the 

later portion increasing only slightly in breadth, somewhat compressed, becoming more so in the last chambers, 

early portion with the periphery entire, later indented; 

chambers broader than high in the early portion, becoming somewhat higher in the later portion, the apertural 

end reduced in height; sutures of the early portion 

slightly limbate, later slightly depressed; wall ornamented with very coarse costae nearly parallel to the 

periphery; aperture semicircular, with a slight lip. 

Length 0.40 to 0.50 mm., breadth 0.25 to 0.30 mm., thickness 0.15 to 0.18 mm.

The types of this species are from the Cretaceous 

shales, east bank of Tamuin River 5 kilometers southeast 

of Guerrero, San Luis Potosi, Mexico. It is common 

in the Papagallos formation and particularly in the 

Mendez shale of Mexico. It is recorded from the Colon 

formation of Santander del Norte, Colombia, as well as 

from the Selma chalk of wells in Florida. In the Gulf 

Coastal Plain it occurs in the Corsicana, Kemp, and 

Arkadelphia formations of Navarro age. It is a larger 

and much more coarsely ornamented species than G. 

costulata and was probably developed from that species.

Navarro age. 

Kemp clay. Texas, Williamson County (12); Travis County

(17).

Corsicana marl. Texas, Hunt County (24); Navarro County 

(25-28); Limestone County (30, 31); Travis County (36, 

39, 40); Caldwell County (44).

Arkadelphia marl. Arkansas, Hempstead County (71). 

Taylor marl, upper part. Texas, Red River County (107).

Ciiinbclina glabraiis Cushmaii

Plate 46, figures 17, 18

Gumbelina tessera Cushman (not G. tessera Cushman, 1932, nor 

Grammostomum tessera Ehrenberg), Geol. Soc. America 

Bull., vol. 47, p. 418, pi. 1, figs. 9a, b, 1936. 

Gumbelina glabrans Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram Research

Contr., vol. 14, p. 15, pi. 3, figs. 1, 2, 1938. 

Cushman and Hedberg, idem, vol. 17, p. 92, pi. 22, fig. 16,

1941. 

Cushman and Todd, idem, vol. 19, p. 64, pi. 11, fig. 14, 1943.

Test nearly twice as long as broad, tapering throughout, much compressed, early portion with the periphery 

entire and slightly keeled, later moderately indented; 

chambers in the microspheric form mostly slightly 

broader than high, in the megalospheric form the later 

chambers with the height as great as or greater than the 

breadth, later chambers more inflated but somewhat 

compressed throughout; sutures in the early portion 

slightly limbate, in the adult depressed; wall in the early 

portion coarsely punctulate, somewhat roughened, in the 

adult smooth and polished; aperture higher than broad, 

arched, with a slight lip and flanges at the sides extending 

onto the preceding chamber. Length 0.40 mm., breadth 

0.20 to 0.25 mm., thickness 0.10 mm.

The types are from the Cretaceous Navarro group, 

base of Kemp clay, branch of Mustang Creek 1 mile 

west-southwest of Noack, 900 feet downstream from road, 

and 0.2 mile southwest of Christ Evangelical Lutheran, 

Church, Williamson County, Tex.

 This species differs from G'. globulosa (Ehrenberg) 

Eggcr in the much compressed test, the keeled and roughened early portion, and the smooth and polished later 

portion. It seems to be confined to rocks of Navarro 

age, occurring in the Corsicana marl, Kemp clay, and 

Prairie Bluff chalk. The specimens from the Georges 

Bank Canyons noted in the reference above also belong 

here. . It occurs also in the upper zone of the Colon 

formation of Colombia.

Navarro age.

Kemp clay. Texas, Williamson County (12). 

Corsicana marl. Texas, Hunt County (24); Navarro County

(26, 27); Travis County (35, 36, 38); Limestone County

(30).

Prairie Bluff chalk. Alabama, Wilcox County (99). 

Selma chalk (upper part). Tennessee, McNairy County (98).

Genus RECTOGTJMBELINA Cushman, 1932

This genus is derived directly from Gumbelina by the 

addition of the uniserial stage. From the material at 

hand, it is evident that there are other species than those 

described here, but more specimens are needed for full 

details of these species.' The species are evidently 

specialized and short lived, and should make good index 

fossils.

Rectogiimbeliiia texaiia Cushman

Plate 46, figures 19-21

Rectogilmbelina texana Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research 

Contr., vol. 8, p. 6, pi. 1, figs. 8-10, 1932; idem, Special 

Pub. 5, pi. 26, fig. 10, 1933; idem, Contr., vol. 14, p. 20, 

pi. 3, figs. 17-19, 1938.

Test very elongate, slightly tapering, first 3 to 4 chambers biserial, similar to Gumbelina, later and larger portion uniserial, rectilinear; chambers globular, latest 

chambers somewhat pyriform, slightly overlapping; sutures distinct, depressed; wall thin, finely perforate, 

surface roughened, slightly spinose; aperture rounded, at 

the end of tubular neck. Length 0.25 to 0.30 mm., diameter 0.06 to 0.07 mm.

This species is rather rare but occurs from the upper 

part of the Eagle Ford shale to the middle part of the 

Austin chalk. The biserial portion is very restricted, 

especially when compared with the following species.

Austin chalk (middle part). Texas, Grayson County (323). 

Eagle Ford shale. Texas, Hill .County (369).

Rectogiimbeliiia hispidula Cushman

Plate 46, figures 22-24

Rectogumbclina hispidula Cushman, Cushman Lab Foram. Research Contr., vol. 14, p. 21, pi. 3, figs. 20-22, 1938.

Test elongate, slightly tapering, biserial for most of 

the length, latest portion uniserial; chambers inflated, 

earliest chambers biserial, gradually becoming more 

loosely so, and last-formed chambers rectilinear and 

nearly globular or slightly pyriform; sutures depressed; 

wall finely hispid throughout; aperture rounded, at the 

end of a short neck that is usually excentrically placed. 

Length 0.25 to 0.30 mm., diameter 0.08 to 0.10 mm. , The types are from the middle part of the Austin chalk 

in a road cut on the north side of the West Dallas 

pike 5.3 miles northeast of the Austin-Eagle Ford contact 

at Chalk Hill, Tex.

This species differs from R. texana in the much longer 

biserial stage and loosely biserial arrangement in the 

adult. It occurs at several stations in the lower and 

middle parts of the Austin chalk. In the loosely biserial 

character it resembles the figures given of Tubitextularia 

from the Cretaceous of Bohemia.

Austin chalk. Texas, Grayson County (334); Dallas County (325, 

326, 339, 345).

Rectogiimbeliiia minuta Cushman

. Plate 47, figure 1

Rectogumbelina minuta Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research 

Contr., vol. 14, p. 45, pi. 7, fig. 18, 1938.

Test minute, elongate, 2 to 21/:? times as long as broad, 

tapering, greatest breadth at the last-formed chamber,
110 UPPER CRETACEOUS FORAMINIFERA OF GULF COASTAL REGION

early portion biserial, later uniserial, circular in transverse section in the adult; chambers fairly distinct, the 

early biserial chambers increasing rapidly in size as 

added, uniserial chambers in the adult somewhat overlapping, subglobular; sutures distinct, slightly depressed, 

early sutures oblique in the adult, at right angles to the 

elongate axis; wall slightly roughened, finely hispid; 

aperture in the adult terminal, with a distinct, tubular 

neck. Length 0.30 to 0.35 mm., diameter 0.15 mm.

The types are from the lower part of the Taylor marl 

on the east bank of a road cut near the crest of a hill 

14.4 miles south of Paris and 0.9 mile north of Lake 

' City, Delta County, Tex.

This species differs from R. hispidula Cushman in the 

shorter biserial stage, the more definite uniserial stage 

with more globular adult chambers and tapering test.

Taylor marl, lower part. Texas, Delta County (206).

Rectogiimbelina cretacea Cushman

Plate 47, figures 2, 3

Rectogumbelina cretacea Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 8, p. 6, pi. 1, figs. 11, 12, 1932; idem, 

Special Pub. 4, pi. 21, fig. 4, 1933; idem, Special Pub. 5, 

. pi. 26, fig. 11, 1933; idem, Contr., vol. 14, p. 20, pi. 3, 

figs. 15, 16, 1938.

Test consisting of 2 unequal portions, the early portion 

consisting of several pairs of globular chambers arranged 

as in Gumbelina, the adult stage uniserial, formed usually 

by 3 subglobular or slightly pyriform chambers, slightly 

overlapping, the apertural end extended out into a tapering neck; sutures distinct, depressed; wall smooth, translucent, very finely perforate; aperture circular, at the 

end of the tubular neck. Length 0.25 to 0.35 mm., 

breadth 0.08 to 0.10 mm., thickness 0.05 to 6.07 mm.

This species is known only from a locality assigned 

to the Arkadelphia marl'. It is possible that this locality 

may represent basal Midway, but it contains other 

species that typically belong to the Arkadelphia marl. 

Rectogumbelina cretacea is a larger species than R. 

texana and holds the Gumbelina stage much longer, but 

it has very few uniserial chambers.

Navarro age (?). Arkadelphia marl (?). 5Vz milea northeast 

of Hope, Hempstead County, Ark. *

Genus PSEUDOTEXTTJLARIA Rzehak, 1886 

Pseudotextularia varians Rzehak

Plate 47, figures 4-9 

Pseudotextularia varians Rzehak, K. k. Naturh. Hofmus. Annalen,

vol. 10, pt. 2, p. 217, pi. 7, figs. 1-3, 1895. 

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 2, 

pt. 1, p. 17, pi. 2, figs. 4a, b, 1926; Jour. Paleontology, vol. 

1, p. 157, pi. 27, figs. 2a, b, 1927. 

White, idem, vol. 3, p. 40, pi. 4, figs. 15a, b, 1929. 

Morrison, Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., vol. 13,

p. 1066, 1929. 

Voorwijk, Royal Amsterdam Acad. Proc., vol. 40, No. 2,

p. 7, pi. 1, figs. 14, 15, 1937. 

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 14,

p. 21, pi. 4, figs. 1-4, 1938.

Cushman and Todd, idem, vol. 19, p. 65, pi. 11, fig. 17, 1943. 

Pseudotextularia elegans Rzehak var. varians Glaessner, Problems 

of paleontology, vol. 1, p. 101, pi. 1, figs. 3-5, text fig. Ic, 

1936.

Gumbelina jruticosa Egger, K. bayer. Akad. Wiss., Math.-naturh. 

Abt., Abh., Kl. 2, vol. 21, p. 35, pi. 14, figs. 8, 9, 1899.

Test large, in the early stages definitely textularian, 

alternating series of chambers on either side of an elongate axis, afte.r which isolated chambers are formed near 

the periphery, subglobular in form, resulting in a spiral 

series about the margin, the central area being somewhat

depressed; sutures distinct except in the early portion; 

wall of the textularian chambers longitudinally costate, 

later ones irregularly punctate. Length up to 1.50 mm., 

breadth about 1.00 mm., thickness from 0.40 to 1.00 mm.

This is a very variable species. In certain individuals, 

apparently the textularian series is held throughout the 

life history, and the test may become much compressed. 

In others the globular chambers are developed very 

early, so that they make up most of the test, and the 

end view may be circular or, as in the figured specimen, 

elliptical. Many specimens that are nearly circular in 

transverse section in the early stages become more or 

less compressed in later growth.

In addition to the references cited above, Vanderpool 

lists this form or allied forms from the Austin chalk and 

LFpson clay of Maverick County, Tex. (Jour. Paleontology, vol. 4, pp. 254, 255, 1930). White gives varietal 

names, var. mendezensis (pi. 47, fig. 9) and var. textulariformis (pi. 47, fig. 8) to two Mexican forms. The former 

is somewhat compressed and the latter shows the small 

chambers that develop in the microspheric form of the 

species both in America and in Europe.

This species is common in and very characteristic of 

the Mendez shale of the Tampico Embayment region, 

Mexico. Many samples are available, particularly from 

Hacienda el Limon and the region extending southward 

to Guerrero, San Luis Potosi, Mexico. It is common 

along the San Luis Potosi-Tampico Railroad from 

kilometer 576.03 to 577.96. The species seems to be 

rare in the Texas Cretaceous, although it has been recorded occasionally. It has recently been recorded from 

the Upper Cretaceous of Cuba, and it is known in the 

Upper Cretaceous of Europe.

Navarro group.

Kemp clay. Texas, Williamson County (11). 

Corsicana marl. Texas, Navarro County (27); Limestone 

County (30); Travis County (39).

Genus PLANOGLOBUUNA Cushman, 1927

This genus seems to be directly derived from Pseudotextularia by the addition of the chambers in a single 

plane. In the adult, it is similar to Ventilabrella, but 

that genus develops directly from Gumbelina, with no 

intermediate stages. It is most common in the Upper 

Cretaceous of Mexico and Europe, but at least one species 

occurs in the Taylor marl.

Planoglobuliiia taylorana Cushman

Plate 47, figures 10, 11

Planoglobulina taylorana Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 14, p. 23," pi. 4, figs. 9, 10, 1938.

Test short and broad, early portion biserial, later with 

the chambers arranged about a terminal depression, and 

last portion having the chambers in one plane; chambers 

globular throughout; sutures slightly depressed; wall 

coarsely perforate. Length up to 0.60 mm., breadth 

0.50 to 0.55 mm., thickness 0.25 mm.

The types are from the basal Taylor marl on the 

Dallas road 1.5 miles east of Garland, Dallas County, 

Tex.

This species differs from P. acervulinoides (Egger) 

Cushman in the fewer chambers and lack of surface 

ornamentation. It was fairly common at the type 

locality, but has not yet been found elsewhere in our 

material.

Taylor marl, lower part. Texas, Dallas County (224).
HBTEROHELICIDAE 111

PlanoglobuLinu accrvulinoides (Egger) Cushman

Plate 47, figures 12-15 

Gumbelina acervulinoides Egger, K. bayer. Akad. Wiss., Math.-

naturh. Abt., Abh., Kl. 2, vol. 21, p. 36, pi. 14, figs. 17, 18,

20-22, 1899. 

Pseudotextularia acervulinoides Cushman, Washington Acad. Sci.

Jour., vol. 15, p. 134, 1926; Cushman Lab. Foram. Research

Contr., vol. 2, pt. 1, p. 17, 1926. 

Planoglobulina acervulinoides (Egger) Cushman, idem, vol. 3, pi.

13, fig. 5, 1927; Jour. Paleontology, vol. 1, p. 158, pi. 27,

fig. 3, 1927; Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Special Pub.

1, pi. 33, figs. 8, 9; pi. 34, fig. 5, 1928. 

White, Jour. Paleontology; vol. 3, p. 33, pi. 4, fig. 6, 1929. 

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Special Pub. 4,

pi. 21, fig. 8, 1933; idem, Special Pub. 5, pi. 26, fig. 17, 1933. 

Jedlitschka, Naturf. Ver. Troppau Mitt., C.S.R., pi. figs.

15, 16, 1935. 

Voorwijk, Royal Amsterdam Acad. Proc., vol. 40, No. 2,

p. 8, pi. 1, fig. 19, 1937. 

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 14,

p. 23, pi. 4, figs. 5-8, 1938.

Test much compressed, early stages similar to Pseudotextularia, later with the subglobular chambers spread 

out in one plane; sutures fairly distinct, depressed; wall 

longitudinally costate. Length up to 0.75 mm., breadth 

0.75 mm., thickness 0.10 to 0.15 mm.

This species, first described from the Upper Cretaceous 

of the Bavarian Alps, occurs at numerous localities in 

America, particularly in the Mendez shale of Mexico. 

It is apparently derived from Pseudotextularia and is 

closely allied to Ventilabrella, which in turn is derived 

directly from Gumbelina.

The early stages of Planoglobulina are much thicker 

than in Ventilabrella owing to the single plane of chambers in the latter genus, whereas the former has them 

arranged in a generally circular manner as in Pseudotextularia.

This species occurs with Pseudotextularia in the 

Tampico Embayment region, but we have not found it 

in the many collections available from the Upper Cretaceous of Texas. Specimens from the Prairie Bluff chalk 

are here figured that seem to belong to the species. The 

early stages are decidedly like Pseudotextularia, as may 

be seen by the figures. It may be that this is the same 

as the species later recorded as Ventilabrella plummerae 

Sandidge.

Navarro age. Prairie Bluff chalk. Alabama, Wilcox County (99, 

100).

Genus VENTILABRELLA Cushman, 1928

The species of this genus show all stages in the development from Gumbelina. The microspheric form is 

usually retarded and often does not develop beyond the 

biserial stage, whereas the megalospheric form adopts 

the Ventilabrella character at various stage's. The series 

therefore makes a rather bewildering array of forms, 

which really must be in considerable abundance to show

the full range of the species. \

Ventilabrella austinana Cushman

Plate 47, figure 16

Ventilabrella austinana Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research 

Contr., vol. 14, p. 26, pi. 4, fig. 19, 1938; idem, vol. 20, 

p. 92, pi. 14, fig. 7, 1944. 

Ventilabrella eggeri Carman (not Cushman), Jour. Paleontology,

vol. 3, p. 314, pi. 34, fig. 7, 1929.

Loetterle, Nebraska Geol. Survey Bull., 2d ser., Bull. 12, 

p. 35, pi. 5, fig. 5, 1937.

Test with a large series of biserial chambers and but 

few expanded chambers in the adult, typically of but 2 

rows, compressed; chambers globular in the later portion, 

uniformly increasing in size; sutures slightly depressed;

wall smooth, punctate. Length 0.45 to 0.55 mm., breadth 

0.45 to 0.50 mm., thickness 0.15 to 0.20 mm.

The types of the species are from the middle portion 

of the Gober chalk on the Austin-Randolph road 4 miles 

north of Leonard, Fannin County, Tex.

The species differs from V. eggeri in the fewer and 

larger adult chambers and smooth surface. The species 

occurs chiefly in the middle and upper beds of Austin 

age, and evidently in the Niobrara chalk of Nebraska 

and Kansas.

Taylpr marl, lower part. Texas, Collin County (209). 

Austin age.

Gober tongue of Austin chalk. Texas, Fannin County (277);

Austin chalk. Texas, Dallas County (300, 311).

Brownstown marl. Texas, Red River County (318).

Selma chalk (lower part). Mississippi, Itawamba County (351). 

Eagle Ford shale. Texas, Grayson County (354).

Ventilabrella eggeri Cushman

Plate 47, figures 17-19

Ventilabrella eggeri Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research 

Contr., vol. 4, pi. 1, figs. 10-12, 1928; idem, Special Pub. 5, 

pi. 26, figs. 14, 15, 1933; idem, Contr., vol. 14, p. 25, pi. 4, 

figs. 12-14, 1938; idem, vol. 20, p. 92, pi. 14, fig. 8, 1944.

Gumbelina acervulinoides Egger (part), K. bayer. Akad. Wiss., 

Math.-naturh. Abt., Abh., Kl. 2, vol. 21, p. 36, pi. 14, 

fig. 20, 1899.

Test in the early stages biserial, adult rhomboid or 

fan-shaped, compressed; chambers normally in one plane, 

distinct, later ones globular; sutures distinct, depressed, 

often somewhat limbate; wall ornamented with longitudinal costae, especially heavy on the biserial portion; 

aperture in the early stages as in Gumbelina, later with 

an aperture at each side near the base. Length 0.45 

to 0.55 mm.,, breadth 0.45 to 0.55 mm., thickness 0.10 

mm.

The species is apparently found in the region of upper 

Bavaria in some numbers, as shown by available material. It occurs abundantly in the Texas Cretaceous, 

particularly in the lower part of the Taylor marl, but 

it also is found in the upper part of the Austin chalk.

Taylor marl. 

Upper part. Texas, Collin County (121); Williamson County

(144). 

Lower part. Texas, Collin County (208-210, 212-214); Dallas

County (217, 219-222, 224, 225, 227); Ellis County (232,

235); Navarro County (236); Hill County (237); Mc- 

. Lennan County (238, 239, 241-243); Falls County (244);

Travis County (247, 250). 

Austin age. 

Burditt marl (of Adkins). Texas, Bell County (269); Travis

County (271). 

Gober tongue of Austin chalk. Texas, Fannin County (274,

276, 281); Lamar County (282, 288). 

Austin chalk. Texas, Collin County (295); Dallas County

(304); Bell County (316). 

Selma chalk of upper Austin (?) age. Alabama, Pickens County

(352). 

Selma chalk (lower part). Mississippi, Itawamba County

(351); Lee County (350). 

Brownstown marl. Texas, Lamar County (320).

Ventilabrella eggeri Cushman var. glabrata Cushman

Plate 47, figures 20-22

Ventilabrella eggeri Cushman var. glabrata Cushman, Cushman 

Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 14, p. 26, pi. 4, figs. 

15-17, 1938.

Variety differing from the typical form in the ornamentation of the surface, which in the early stages is 

slightly costate, but in the adult smooth, with the perforations sometimes appearing in a linear series.

The types are from the upper part of Taylor marl, 

clay pit at Palmer, Ellis County, Tex.
112 UPPER CRETACEOUS FORAMINIFERA OF GULF COASTAL REGION

This variety replaces the highly ornamented typical 

form in the upper part of the Taylor marl, possibly extending into the basal Navarro.

Navarro group, Neylandville marl. Texas, Rockwall County (57);

Navarro County (65, 69). 

Taylor marl.

Upper part. Texas, Red River County (105); Lamar County 

(110); Kaufman County (128); Navarro County (134). 

Lower part. Texas, Delta County (206); Ellis County (231). 

Austin chalk, Gober tongue. Lamar County (286).

Ventilabrella carseyae Plummer

Plate 48, figures 1-5 

Ventilabrella carseyae Plummer, Texas Univ. Bull. 3101, p. 178,

pi. 9, figs. 7-9, 10, 1931. 

Sandidge, Am. Midland Naturalist, vol. 13, p. 362, pi. 31,

fig. 29, 1932. 

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Special Pub. 4,

pi. 21, figs. 6a, b, 1933. 

Jennings, Bull. Am. Paleontology, vol. 23, No. 78, p. 28,

pi. 3, figs. 13a, b, 1936. 

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 14,

p. 26, pi. 4, figs. 20-24, 1938. 

Cole, Florida Dept. Cons. Geol. Bull. 16, p. 34, pi. 3, figs.

7, 8, 1938. 

Cushman and Hedberg, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research

Contr., vol. 17, p. 93, pi. 22, figs. 18a, b, 1941. 

Cushman and Todd, idem, vol. 19, p. 65, pi. 11, fig. 18, 1943. 

Ventilabrella plummerae Sandidge, Am. Midland Naturalist, vol.

13, p. 195, pi. 19, figs. 5, 6, 1932. 

Pseudotextularia a, d, Plummer, Texas Univ. Bull. 2644, 1926,

p. 172, pi. 2, figs, la, b, 4a, b (1927).

Test mostly biserial, especially in the microspheric 

form, in some specimens showing 3 or more chambers in 

a horizontal series in the later stages; chambers inflated, 

rapidly increasing in size as added; sutures distinct, 

strongly depressed; wall thin, longitudinally costate; 

aperture large, low, and broad, on the inner basal margin, 

with a slight lip, and with a supplementary opening on 

the outer basal margin in the chamber last preceding the 

expanded portion in the adult. Length 0.45 to 0.55 mm., 

breadth 0.30 to OM5 mm., thickness 0.20 to 0.25 mm.

This species is especially abundant and characteristic 

of rocks of Navarro age above the Nacatoch sand, occurring in the Corsicana marl, Kemp clay, Arkadelphia 

marl, and Prairie Bluff chalk. It probably occurs in the 

Ripley formation, although the abundant form from the 

upper part of the Ripley is here placed under Planoglobulina acervulinoides (Egger) Cushman. Specimens 

are recorded from the Selma chalk of wells in Florida 

and from the upper zone of the Colon formation of 

Colombia.

A large part of the specimens do. not progress beyond 

the Giimbelina stage, but in any large series a certain 

number of megalospheric forms show ventilabrelloid 

chambers. 'There is considerable range in the inflation 

of the chambers in the biserial stage, and altogether it 

is a very variable species. It seems to be a derivative 

from Giimbelina plummerae Loetterle, which is found 

lower stratigraphically, is less ornamented, and has a 

lesser tendency to acquire ventilabrelloid chambers than 

does V. carseyae.

It is possible that the species recently described by 

Voorwiik as Gumbelina nuttalli (Royal Amsterdam 

Acad. Proc., vol. 40, No. 2, p. 5, ply 2, figs. 1-9, 1937) 

from the Upper Cretaceous of Havana, Cuba, may belong 

here. I have seen no original material.

Navarro age.

Kemp clay. Texas, Hopkins County (1); Navarro County (3-5, 

7);' Falls County (9); Williamson County (11. 12); Travis 

County (13, 15, 17); Guadalupe County (18, 20, 21).

Corsicana marl. Texas, Hunt County (24); Navarro County 

(25-28); Limestone County (30, 31); Falls County (32); 

Travis County (34-42); Caldwell County (44); Guadalupe County (45); Bexar County (46).

Arkadelphia marl. Arkansas, Hempstead County (70-73).

Prairie Bluff chalk. Mississippi, Chickasaw County (84, 85). 

Alabama, Wilcox County (99); Sumter County (102, 103).

Nacatoch sand. Texas, Bowie County (47).

Genus BOLIVINOIDES Cushman, 1927 

Bolivinoides austinana Cushman

Plate 48, figure 6

Bolivinoides a-ustinana Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research 

Contr., vol. 13, p. 104, pi. 15, fig. 10, 1937.

Test tapering from the subacute or rounded initial end 

to the greatest width formed by the last-formed pair of 

chambers, somewhat compressed, periphery rounded, 

slightly if at all lobulate; chambers fairly distinct, somewhat inflated in the adult, increasing gradually in size 

as added; sutures distinct in the later portion; wall 

smooth, except for a series of deep rounded pits marking 

the suture lines; aperture elongate, narrow, at the base 

of the inner margin of the thickened terminal face. 

Length 0.40 mm., breadth 0.15 mm., thickness 0.10 mm.

The types are from the upper part of the Austin chalk 

in Pecan Creek 3.4 miles south by east of Troy, Bell 

County, Tex.

This species differs \from B. decorata (Jones) Cushman 

in the more slender form, and the absence of definite 

lobed projections of the chambers. B. austinana is 

apparently the oldest and most primitive of this genus 

so far as known.

It occurs typically in the upper beds of Austin age and 

slightly less typical specimens are found in the lower 

part of the Taylor marl.

Taylor marl, lower part. Texas, Dallas County (216, 217, 219,

225, 227); McLennan County (239). 

Austin age.

Gober tongue of Austin chalk. Texas, Lamar County (287).

Austin chalk. Texas, Dallas County (310); Bell County (316).

Brownstown marl. Texas, Lamar County (320).

Bolivinoides texana Cushman

Plate 48, figure 7 -

Bolivinoides texana Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research 

Contr., vol. 13, p. 104, pi. 15, fig. 12, 1937.

Test very gradually tapering from the subacute initial 

end to the greatest breadth somewhat above the middle, 

thence in many specimens tapering somewhat toward the 

apertural end, strongly compressed, periphery acute, 

somewhat lobulate; chambers very distinct, numerous, 

slightly inflated, increasing rather uniformly to the 

greatest size above the middle; sutures distinct throughout, somewhat depressed; wall smooth except for the 

slightly lobula'te base of the chambers in the adult; aperture elongate, narrow, at the base of the inner margin of 

the thickened terminal face. Length 0.40 to 0.45 mm., 

breadth 0.16 to 0.18 mm., thickness 0.07 to 0.08 mm.

The types are from the lower part of the Taylor marl 

in a ditch south of the McKinney-Farmersville road 7.2 

miles east of the Houston and Texas Central Railroad 

tracks in McKinney, Tex.

This species differs from B. decorata (Jones) Cushman 

var. delicatula Cushman in the very slight development 

of the lobes, giving a somewhat crenulate appearance to 

the base of the adult chambers. B. texana is probably 

the ancestor of B. decorata var. delicatula, which appears 

higher in the section.

Taylor marl, lower part. Texas, Collih County (211, 212); Dallas 

County (226).
HETEROHELICIDAE 113

liolivinoidcs decorata (Jones) Cushmaii

Plate 48, figures 8, 9 , . Bolivina decorata Jones (in Wright), Belfast Nat. Field Club

Proc., 1884-85, appendix 9, p. 330, pi. 27, figs. 7, 8 (1886).

Wright (in Welch), Irish Naturalist, p. 179 (list), 1902.

Heron-Alien and Earland, Royal Micr. Soc. Jour., p. 336,

1909; p. 409, pi. 7, figs. 1, 2, 1910.

Macfadyen, Geol. Mag., vol. 69, pi. 35, figs. 20a, b, 1932. 

Bolivinoides decorata Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research 

Contr., vol. 2, pt. 4, p. 89, pi. 12, fig. 9, 1927; idem, Special 

Pub. 5, pi. 26, fig. 18, 1933. 

Sandidge, Am. Midland Naturalist, vol. 13, p. 196, pi. 19,

fig. 16, 1932. 

Cole, Florida Dept. Cons. Geol. Bull. 16, p. 35, pi. 4, fig. 9,

1938. 

Cushman, Cushmaii Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 20,

p. 10, pi. 2, fig. 23, 1944.

Bolivina latticea Carsey, Texas Univ. Bull. 2612, p. 27, pi. 4, fig. 9, 

1926.

Test mainly biserial, compressed, rhomboid, the earliest stages in the microspheric form planispiral, the apertural end much thickened and smooth, the remainder 

of the periphery acute; chambers fairly distinct, somewhat obscured by the ornamentation; wall with the 

apertural end thickened and smooth, the surface of the 

broader faces of the test with an oblique ornamentation 

of broken costae nearly at right angles to the sutures, 

the costae often broken up into elongate tubercles; aperture rounded at the inner margin of the chamber. 

Length 0.60 to 0.75 mm., breadth 0.45 to 0.55 mm.

This species was originally described by Jones from the 

Cretaceous chalk of Keady Hill, County Deny, Ireland. 

.The type figure, though somewhat crude, gives the 

essential characters, and I have specimens from the Irish 

chalk for comparison.

This short, broad, generaly rhomboid form, with the 

strong costate or linear series of tubercles nearly at right 

angles to the sutures, is characteristic of the Upper 

Cretaceous of Europe and America. The acute periphery 

of the general test and its short rhomboid shape will 

separate it from var. delicatula Cushman which occasionally occurs with it.

The typical form of the species occurs in the upper and 

middle beds of Taylor age, with a few localities in the 

Navarro group and a single one in the upper part of the 

Austin chalk. It is also recorded from the Selma chalk 

of wells in Florida.

Navarro age.

Owl Creek formation. Mississippi, Tippah County (83). 

Saratoga chalk. Arkansas, Hempstead County (81). 

Ripley formation. Tennessee, McNairy County (95). 

Selma chalk (upper part). Alabama, Marengo County (104).

Taylor age.

Upper part of Taylor marl. Texas, Red River County (105- 

107); Lamar County (112); Hunt County (115); Collin 

County (US, 120. 121); Rpckwa 11. County (124); Limestone County (136); Williamson County (140); Bexar 

County (152).

Ozan formation. Arkansas, Little River County (254).

Pecan Gap chalk member of Taylor marl. Texas, Delta County 

(165, 166); Collin County (169, 171); Kaufman County 

(173); Rockwall County (175).

Wolfe City sand member of Taylor marl. Texas, Collin County 

(180-183); Navarro County (188).

Annona chalk. Texas, Bowie County (189, 190); Red River 

County (191, 193, 196).

Lower part of Taylor marl. Texas, Lamar County (201); Delta 

County (206); Ellis County (234); Bell County (245). 

Austin chalk, Gober tongue. Texas, Lamar County (286).

Bolivinoides decorata (Jones) Cushmaii var. 

delicatula Cushman

Plate 48, figures 10-14 

Bolivina decorata Cushman (not Jones), Am. Assoc. Petroleum

Geologists Bull., vol. 10, p. 582, pi. 15, fig. 11, 1926. 

White, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 3, p. 43, pi. 5, fig. 1, 1929. 

Plummer, Texas Univ. Bull. 3101, p. 181, pi. 10, fig. 10, 1931. 

Bolivinoides decorata (Jones) Cushmau var. delicatula Cushman,

Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 2, pt. 4,

p. 90, pi. 12, fig. 8, 1927; Jour. Paleontology, vol. 1, p. 158,

pi. 28, fig. 7, 1927. 

Cushman and Jarvis, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr.,

vol. 4, p. 99, pi. 14, fig. 9, 1928. 

Cushman, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 5, p. 308, pi. 35, figs. 13a, b,

1931. 

Cushman and Jarvis, U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc., vol. 80, art. 14,

p. 42, pi. 13, fig. 2, 1932. 

Cushman, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 6, p. 338, pi. 51, figs. 6a, b,

1932; Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Special Pub. 5,

pi. 26, fig. 19, 1933; idem, Contr., vol. 20, p. 11, pi. 2,

fig. 22, 1944.

. Variety differing from the typical form in the much 

more slender test, the much less definitely marked ornamentation, consisting of lobes confined to the individual 

-chamber rather than continuous costae or rows of 

tubercles, the thinner wall fairly smooth toward the initial 

end, and the more rounded periphery.

This variety is fairly common in some parts of the 

Velasco shale of Mexico and occurs in typical form in 

the Upper Cretaceous of Trinidad. It is somewhat less 

common in the Gulf Coastal Plain than the typical form 

but has much the same range. However, it does not 

usually occur at the same stations.

Navarro age.

Saratoga chalk. Arkansas, Howard County (79).

Ripley formation. Tennessee, McNairy County (95). 

Taylor age.

Upper part of Taylor marl. Texas, Red River County (105, 

109); Collin County (119); R9ckwall County (124).

Ozan formation. Arkansas, Little River County (254).

Pecan Gap chalk member of Taylor marl. Texas, Delta County 

(165, 166); Hunt County (168); McLennan County (177).

Selma chalk of Pecan Gap chalk age. Alabama, Marengo County (256).

Annona chalk. Texas, Red River County (194-198).

Lower part of Taylor marl. Texas, Red River County (199); 

Dallas County (223); Kaufman County (228, 229).

Bolivinoides rhomboidea (Cushman) Cushman

Plate 48, figure 15

Bolivina rhomboidea Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research 

Contr., vol. 2, pt. 1, p. 19, pi. 2, figs. 3a, b, 1926.

Bolivinoides rhomboidea Cushman, idem, pt. 4, p. 90, pi. 12, figs. 

lOa, b, 1927; Jour. Paleontology, vol. 1, p. 158, pi. 28 

fig. 12, 1927.

Bolivinoides draco White (not Marsson), idem, vol. 3, n 45 nl 5 fig. 2, 1929. > f » J » Bolivinoides rhomboidalis Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram Research Special Pub. 4, pi. 21, fig. 9, 1933.

Test small, short, rhomboid in outline, the apertural 

end much thickened and smooth; chambers and sutures 

almost entirely obscured by the surface ornamentation, 

which consists of two short median costae on the basal 

half of the test with branches to the thickened rim of 

the test, occasionally anastomosing but not divided into 

beads. Length 0.50 to .0.60 mm., breadth 0.40 to 0.45 

mm., thickness 0.20 to 0.25 mm.

This is a very short rhomboid species related to B. 

draco (Marsson) Cushman and B. decorata (Jones) 

Cushman. It is very common in the Mendez shale of the 

Tampico Embayment region of Mexico, to which area it 

seems to be confined. The simple characteristic ornamentation and very broad thickening of the outer face 

will at once distinguish this species.
114

Bolivinoides velascoensis (Cushinan) Cushman

Plate 48, figure 16 

Texlularia velascoensis Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research

Contr., vol. 1, pt. 1, p. 18, pi. 3, figs, la-c, 1925;'Am. Assoc.

Petroleum Geologists Bull., vol. 10, p. 584, pi. 15, fig. 8,

1926. 

Bolivinoides velascoensis Cushman, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 1,

p. 159, pi. 28, fig. 10, 1927; Cushman Lab. Foram. Research

Contr., vol. 8, p. 94, 1932. 

Gumbelina velascoensis White, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 3, p. 39,

pi. 4, fig. 14, 1929.

Test generally biserial, the earliest chambers planispiral in the microspheric form, generally rhomboid in 

outline, greatly thickened at the smooth apertural end, 

periphery generally rounded; chambers distinct, not inflated, the earlier planispiral chambers projecting beyond 

the general outline of the test; sutures distinct, somewhat raised, curved; wall ornamented with a series of 

irregular raised lines on the surface of the chambers; 

aperture a low opening at the base of the inner face of 

the chamber. Length up to 0.75 mm., breadth 0.55 mm., 

thickness 0.35 mm.

This species is common in some parts of the Velasco 

shale of Mexico but has not been found in 'the material 

from the southern United States. It is most closely 

allied to B. trinitatensis Cushman and Jarvis, from the 

Upper Cretaceous of Trinidad.

Bolivinoides trinitatensis Cushman and Jarvis

Plate 48, figure 17

Bolivinoides Irinitatensis Cushman and Jarvis, Cushman Lab. 

Foram. Research Contr., vol. 4, p. 99, pi. 14, figs. lOa, b, 

1928; U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc., vol. 80, art. 14, p. 43, pi. 13, 

figs. 3a, b, 1932. '

Test generally biserial, broadest near the apertural 

end, tapering to the subacute initial end, whole test 

thickening rapidly toward the apertural end, which is 

formed of a smooth thickened area; chambers marked 

by the highly ornate character of the test, consisting of 

thin, convex, platelike extensions backward from the 

thickened terminal face of the chamber having a deep 

area below, with trusslike raised costae, the areas over 

the chambers deeply depressed; aperture a somewhat 

elongate opening marking the suture, which is otherwise 

obscured by the thickening of the apertural end of the 

test. Length 0.60 mm., breadth 0.38 mm., thickness 

0.20 mm.

This species has been found only in Trinidad. It is 

most closely allied to B. velascoensis (Cushman) Cushman and is a much more highly ornamented relative of 

the Mexican species.

Upper Cretaceous. Pit at Lizard Springs, near Guayaguayare, 

southeastern Trinidad.

Genus BOLIVIXITA Cushman, 1927 

Bolivitiita eleyi Cushinan

Plate 48, figures 18-20 

Textularia obsoleta Eley (not Reuss), Geology in the garden,

p. 202, pi. 8, fig. 11C; p. 195, pi. 2, fig. 11, 1859. 

Wright, Irish Naturalist, p. 179 (list), -1902. 

?Chapman, Western Australia Geol. Survey Bull. 72, p. 16,

pi. 12, fig. 116, 1917.

Bolivinita eleyi Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., 

vol. 2, pt. 4, p. 91, pi. 12, figs, lla, b, 1927; idem, vol. 7, 

p. 39, pi. 5, figs. 8a, b, 1931; Jour. Paleontology, vol. 6, 

p. 338, pi. 51, figs. 7a, b, 1932; Cushman Lab. Foram. Re-, 

search Special Pub. 4, pi. 21, figs. 20a, b, 1933; idem, 

Special Pub. 5, pi. 26, fig. 21, 1933.

Brotzen, Sveriges Geol. undersokning, ser. C, No. 396, p. 122, 

pi. 9, figs. 5a, b, text fig. 41, 1936.

Test somewhat rhomboid, 2 or 3 times as long as broad, 

greatest width formed by the last 2 chambers, the

periphery flattened as are the other 2 broader faces, 

angles very slightly keeled; sutures somewhat indistinct, 

limbate; surface finely perforate.

Although not recorded by D'Orbigny from the Cretaceous chalk of the Paris Basin, this species nevertheless 

occurs in many samples from that region as well as from 

the chalks of England and Ireland. It has been recorded 

from the Upper Cretaceous of Arkansas and is often 

very common in the Upper Cretaceous of Texas in the 

Taylor marl, especially the chalky facies, and in the 

upper part of the Austin. It also occurs in the Upper 

.Cretaceous White Chalk of Antigua.

Though this and the following species, jB. planata 

Cushman, occur in the upper beds of Taylor age, the two. 

do not as a rule occur together. In fact, out of the 38 

stations at which the species are recorded, there are but 

4 at which both species occur together.

Taylor age. 

Upper part of Taylor marl. Texas, Red River County (106);

Lamar County (110); Collin County (119, 120); Kaufman

County (131); Travis County (149). 

Pecan Gap chalk member of Taylor marl. Texas, Collin County

(172); Kaufman County (173). 

Wolfe City sand member of Taylor marl. Texas, Collin County

(181, 183).

Annona chalk. Texas, Red River County (188a, 192, 193, 198). 

Lower part of Taylor marl. Texas, Lamar County (201); Fannin County (203); Kaufman County (228,229); McLennan

County (238); Falls County (244); Bell County (245). 

Austin age. 

Burditt marl (of Adkins). Texas, Bell County (269); Travis

County (271).

Gober tongue of Austin chalk. Texas, Fannin County (275). 

Brownstown marl. Arkansas, Clark County (349).

Bolivinita planata Cushman

Plate 48, figures 21, 22

Bolivinita planata Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research 

Contr., vol. 3, p. 115, pi. 23, figs. 9a, b, 1927; idem, Special 

Pub. 5, pi. 26, figs. 22a, b, 1933.

Test compressed, tapering, edges truncate, concave, 

broad faces flattened; chambers distinct; sutures limbate 

but not raised; wall smooth and unornamented; aperture 

at the peripheral margin of the last-formed chamber. 

Length 0.50 mm., breadth 0.25 mm., thickness 0.08 mm.

This species is to be distinguished from the much 

narrower B'. eleyi Cushman, which also occurs in the 

Upper Cretaceous. Bolivinita planata is found in the 

upper beds of Taylor age, including the Pecan Gap chalk 

and the AVolfe City sand of Texas and rarely in the 

Ripley formation of Tennessee.

Navarro age.

Ripley formation. Tennessee, Henderson County. (96). 

Neylandville marl. Texas, Kaufman County (58). 

Taylor marl. 

Upper part. Texas, Collin County (119, 120); Rockwall County

(124); Williamson County (140). 

Pecan Gap chalk member. Texas, Collin County (170-172);

Rockwall County (176); Kaufman County (174). 

Wolfe City sand member. Texas, Collin County (180); Navarro

County (188). 

Lower part. Kaufman County (229); Ellis County (234).

Bolivinita selmensis Cushinan

Plate 49, figures 1, 2

Bolivinita selmensis Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research 

Contr., vol. 9, p. 58, pi. 7, figs. 3, 4, 1933; Geol. Soc. America 

Bull., vol. 47, p. 419, pi. 1, figs. 7a, b, 1936.

Test minute, gently tapering from the subacute initial 

end, broad faces distinctly concave, the narrow sides 

strongly convex; chambers distinct, increasing gradually 

in size as added; sutures distinct, somewhat limbate;
HETEROHELICIDAE 115

wall smooth, very finely perforate, translucent, especially 

in the middle of the chambers on the flattened faces; 

aperture narrow, at the inner margin of the last-formed 

chamber. Length 0.20 to 0.22 mm., breadth 0.07 to 

0.11 mm., thickness 0.06 to 0.08 mm.

This is a minute but very distinctive species, with its 

very strongly concave faces, broadly convex sides, and 

the very thin wall in the middle of each chamber on the 

broad face. The types are from the Ripley formation 

of Tennessee, and it also occurs in material of Navarro 

age from Georges Bank.

Navarro age. Ripley formation. Tennessee, McNairy County 

(94).

Boliviiiita costifera Cushman

Plate 49, figure 3

Bolivinita cosLijera Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research 

Contr., vol. 13, p. 105, pi. 15, fig. 15, 1937.

Test small, about twice as long as broad, gradually 

tapering from the subacute initial end to the greatest 

breadth slightly above the middle, thence tapering 

slightly to the apertural end, periphery broadly rounded, 

strongly serrate in front view, in transverse section somewhat rhomboid, broader faces flattened or concave; 

chambers very distinct, increasing gradually in size as 

added, earlier chambers flattened and compressed, later 

chambers concave on the broader faces, and convex on 

the periphery, greatly increasing in thickness; sutures 

distinct, slightly curved in the early stages, more strongly 

so in the adult, slightly limbate; wall smooth and polished 

except for the basal angle of the chamber in the adult, 

which has a sharp angle that may develop into a raised 

costa-like ridge; aperture narrow, elongate, at the base 

of the inner margin of the apertural face. Length 0.25 

to 0.30 mm., breadth 0.12 to 0.15 mm., thickness 0.08 

to 0.10 mm.

The types are from a locality 5l/2 miles northeast of 

Hope, Hempstead County, Ark., assigned to the Arkadelphia marl but possibly belonging to the basal part of the 

Midway group (Paleocene).

This species most closely resembles B. selmensis Cushman, from which it is probably derived, in the sharply 

concave basal angle of the adult chambers and the 

development of a distinct costal ridge. The early stage 

of the species is very similar in its characters to the adult 

of B, selmensis Cushman.

Genus EOUVIGERINA Cushman, 1926 

Eouvigerina americana Cushman

Plate 49, figures 4, 5 

Eouvigerina americana, Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research

Contr., vol. 2, pt. 1, p. 4, pi. 1, figs, la-c, 1926; Tennessee

Div. Geology Bull. 41, p. 45, pi. 7, figs, lla, b, 1931; Jour.

Paleontology, vol. 6, p. 339, 1932; Cushman Lab. Foram.

Research Special Pub. 5, pi. 26, figs. 32a-c, 1933. 

Eouvigerina cretacea White (not Heron-Alien and Earland), Jour.

Paleontology, vol. 3, p. 42, pi. 4, fig. 18, 1929. 

Morrison, Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., vol. 13,

p. 1066 (list), 1929.

Test elongate, tapering, greatest breadth toward the 

apertural end, composed of numerous chambers; the 

early chambers somewhat compressed, coiled, forming 

one volution or less in the microspheric form, chambers 

of the adult mostly biserial, but the last-formed chambers in fully developed specimens leaving the biserial 

form and becoming triserial; chambers distinct, polygonal, the upper face flat or slightly convex, the edges of the 

chamber with a trace of a keel in the adult; sutures distinct and depressed, especially in the later development; 

wall ornamented; aperture rhomboid, at the end of a 

short neck, with a phialine lip. Length 0.25 to 0.35 mm., 

breadth 0.12 to 0.18 mm., thickness 0.08 to 0.12 mm.

This species resembles E. cretacea (Heron-Alien and 

Earland) 'White, from the Chalk of England. The 

American species differs in the much more angular chambers, which are not nearly so convex, and in that the 

chambers of the whole test are more loosely put together.

E. americana is rather widely distributed in the beds 

of Taylor age.

Navarro age. Ripley formation. Tennessee, McNairy County

(94).

Taylor age.

Upper part of Taylor marl. Texas, Lamar County (110). 

Wolfe City sand member of Taylor marl. Texas, Collin County

(180, 183).

Annona chalk. Texas, Red River County (192).. 

Lower part of Taylor marl. Texas, Lamar County (202); Fannin County (203, 205); Delta County (206); Collin County 

(211, 212, 214); Dallas County (226); McLennan County 

(241).

Austin chalk.

Gober tongue. Texas, Lamar County (286). 

Ector tongue. Texas, Grayson County (332).

Eouvigerina gracilis Cushmau

Plate 49, figure 6

Eouvigerina gracilis Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research 

Contr., vol. 2, pt. 1, p. 5, pi. 1, figs. 2a-c, 1926; idem, 

Special Pub. 4, pi. 21, figs. 16a-c, 1933; idem, Contr., 

vol. 20, p. 11, pi. 2, fig. 30, 1944.

Test elongate, slender, tapering, greatest width formed 

by the last 2 chambers; earliest chambers obscure but 

the test for the most part made up of biserial chambers, 

those of the adult last-formed become triserial and more 

isolated from one another; chambers nearly round in 

transverse section, inflated; sutures distinct, much depressed; wall roughened by minute spines; aperture 

rounded, at the end of a short cylindrical neck, with 

a rather broad phialine lip. Length 0.35 mm., breadth 

0.13 mm., thickness 0.10 mm. * . This species is nearest to Eouvigerina aspera (Marsson) Cushman, but a study of Marsson's material shows 

the two to be quite distinct. E. gracilis is apparently 

limited to the Taylor marl.

Taylor marl. 

Upper part. Texas, Hunt County (116); Collin County (122);

Navarro County (134).

Pecan Gap chalk member. Texas, Delta County (166). 

Lower part. Texas, Lamar County (201); Collin County (211,

212); Dallas County (220, 226, 227); Kaufman County

(229); McLennan County (238).

v Eouvigerina hispida Cushman

Plate 49, figures 7, 8 

Eouvigerina hispida Cushman, Tennessee Div. Geology Bull. 41,

p. 45, pi. 7, figs. 12, 13, 1931.

Jennings, Bull. Am. Paleontology, vol. 23, No. 78, p. 29 

pL 3, fig. 15, 1936.

Test elongate, somewhat compressed, periphery 

rounded, initial end with a spine; chambers for the most 

part biserial, subglobular, inflated; sutures distinct, depressed; wall ornamented with fine spines thickly covering the entire surface; aperture with a short neck and 

slight lip. Length up to 0.25 mm., breadth 0.12 mm., 

thickness 0.10 mm.

In its surface ornamentation this species resembles 

both Eovvigerina aspera (Marsson) Cushman from the 

Upper Cretaceous of Germany and E. gracilis Cushman
116 UPPER CRETACEOUS FORAMINIFERA OF GULF COASTAL REGION

from the Upper Cretaceous of Texas. The former, however, has a very quadrate transverse section, and the 

latter much less rounded chambers and nearly straight 

sutures, and the general form is different. Neither of 

the above-mentioned species has a basal spine.

As yet this species has only been found at a few 

stations. The Austin record is subject to some doubt 

as to its age. It has been recorded from the Mt. Laurel 

sand of New Jersey.

Navarro age. Selma chalk (upper part). Tennessee, McNairy

County (98).

Taylor marl, upper part. Texas, Leon County (138). 

Austin(?) age. Selma chalk of. upper Austin age(?).. Alabama,

Pickens County (352).

Eouvigerina austinana Cushiiian

Plate 49, figure 9

Eouvigerina auslinana Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research 

1 Contr., vol. 9, p. 61, pi. 7, figs. 5a, b, 1933; idem, vol. 20, 

. p. 92, pi. 14, fig. 9, 1944.

Test small, very gradually tapering from the subacute 

initial end; chambers mostly biserial, somewhat inflated 

toward the apertural end, gradually increasing in height 

as added; sutures in the early portion indistinct, later 

sutures more distinct, slightly depressed; wall finely 

perforate, smooth; aperture terminal, rounded, with a 

thick neck and very slight lip. Length 0.20 mm., breadth 

0.08 mm., thickness 0.05 mm.

This is a very small, rounded species, but very different from any of the others of the Upper Cretaceous. 

It is perhaps nearest to E. gracilis Cushman, but is a 

much shorter, smaller species with a thick wall, and the 

apertural characters are very different.

This species is easily overlooked on account of its 

small size. So far as seen, it is limited to the upper 

beds of Austin age and a few. occurrences in the lower 

part of the Taylor marl.

Taylor marl.

Taylor marl, lower part. Texas, Lamar County (201); Dallas

County (216, 220); McLennan County (239, 241). 

Austin age.

Burditt marl (of Adkins). Texas, Bell County (269). 

Gober tongue of Austin chalk. Texas, Fannin County (272, 276). 

Austin chalk. Texas, Grayson County (291); Collin County

(294); Dallas County (308, 309, 340). 

Brownstown marl. Texas, Red River County (318, 319); Lamar

County (320, 321). 

Selma chalk (lower part). Mississippi, Itawamba County (351).

Eouvigerina plummerae Cushman

Plate 49, figures 10, 11 

Eouvigerina plummerae Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research

Contr., vol. 9, p. 62, pi. 7, figs. 6, 7, 1933. 

Loetterle, Nebraska Geol. Survey Bull. 12, p. 36. pi. 5, fig 

8, 1937.

Test small, very gently tapering, broader faces-concave 

or nearly flattened, narrow sides slightly convex; chambers distinct, increasing rather rapidly in height as 

added; sutures distinct, very slightly depressed, often 

somewhat limbate; wall thin, finely perforate, translucent; aperture terminal, rounded, with a short neck 

and distinct, somewhat phialine lip. Length 0.35 to 0.40 

mm., breadth 0.10 to 0.12 mm., thickness 0.05 to 0.07 mm.

This is a small, slender, but very distinctive species, 

apparently characteristic of the Austin chalk. It is 

recorded by Loetterle from the Niobrara chalk of Kansas, 

Nebraska, and South Dakota. It is very distinct from 

any of the other known species of the genus from the 

Upper Cretaceous. The flattened concave sides with the

angles of the test forming sharp keels, and the strongly 

limbate sutures make this a very distinctive form.

Austin chalk.

Gober tongue. Texas, Lamar County (285). 

Austin chalk. Texas, Collin County (294, 324); Grayson County 

(335); Dallas County (308, 311, 326); Hill County (313). 

Ector tongue. Texas, Grayson County (332).

Eouvigerina-aculeata Cushman

. Plate 49, figure 13 

Eouvigerina aculeata Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research

Contr., vol. 9, p. 62, pi. 7, figs. 8a, b, 1933. 

Loetterle, Nebraska Geol. Survey Bull.'2cl ser., Bull. 12, 

p. 36, pi. 5, fig. 9, 1937.

Test small, tapering, greatest breadth formed by the 

last pair of chambers, periphery in .side view angularly 

lobate; chambers in the later portion distinct, those of 

the early portion difficult to distinguish from the exterior, 

in the adult with a distinct ridge across the upper half 

of the chamber, slightly concave below; sutures of the 

early portion indistinct, but of the later portion distinct 

and somewhat depressed; wall smoothj finely perforate; 

aperture rounded, with a very short thick neck and a 

slight phialine lip. Length 0.35 mm., breadth 0.15 mm., 

thickness 0.12 mm.

This species is rather characteristic of the Austin 

chalk and basal part of the Taylor marl and is widely 

distributed. It is recorded by Loetterle from the Niobrara chalk of Nebraska. This species is nearest to E. 

americana Cushman but is much less clear-cut than that 

- species, and the chambers are . not nearly so clearly 

sculptured.

Taylor marl, lower part. Texas, Red River County (199); Collin

County (208, 209); Dallas County (216, 217, 219-225, 227);

Hill County (237, 239); Falls County (244); Travis

County (249). 

Austin age. 

Gober tongue of Austin chalk. Texas, Fannin County (274,

275, 278, 281); Lamar County (283-285, 287). 

Austin chalk. Texas, Grayson County (289); Collin County

(292-295a); Dallas County (297, 303, 305, 306, 310,. 345). 

Brownstown marl. Texas, Red River County (318, 319); Lamar

County (320, 321).

Eouvigerina geneae Morrow

Plate 49, figure 12 

Eouvigerina geneae 'Morrow, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 8, p. 195,

pi. 30, figs. 13, 16, 17, 19, 1934.

Loetterle, Nebraska Geol. Survey Bull. 2d ser., Bull 12, 

p. 35, pi. 5, figs. 6, 7, 1937.

Test elongate, slightly tapering, greatest breadth toward apertural end; early chambers biserial, tending to become uniserial in 

the last 3 or 4 chambers; chambers inflated, rounded; sutures 

distinct, depressed; well roughened by minute spines; aperture 

rounded, terminal, at the end of a short cylindrical neck. Length 

up to 0.56 mm., breadth 0.14 mm.

The types are from the basal Niobrara SE1/^ sec. 12, 

T. 12 S., R. 17 W., Ellis County, Kans. It is recorded by 

Loetterle from the Niobrara chalk of Kansas, Nebraska, 

and South Dakota.

The species has not been found as yet in the material 

from the Coastal Plain but is to be looked for in the 

lower portions. Our figure is redrawn from the type 

specimen.

Genus PSEUDOUVIGERINA Cushman, 1927 

Pseudouvigerina plummerae Cushman ' Plate 49, figures 14-16

Pseudouvigerina plummerae Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 3, p. 115, pi. 23, figs. 8a, b, 1927; Tennessee Div. Geology Bull. 41, p. 46, pi. 7, figs. 15, 16, 1931.
117

Sandidgc, Am. Midland Naturalist, vol. 13, p. 197, pi. 19, figs.

9-11, 1932. 

Cushman, Geol. Soc. America Bull., vol. 47, p. 419, pi. 1,

figs. 13a, b, 1936. 

 Cole, Florida Dept. Cons. Geol. Bull. 16, p. 35, pi. 4, fig. 8,

1938. 

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 20.

p. 12, 1944; idem, vol. 20, p. 92, 1944. 

Cushman and Dcaderick, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 18, p. 337,

pi. 53, fig. 4, 1944.

Test small, earliest chambers in the microspheric form 

planispiral, later chambers biserial and those of the adult 

triserial; chambers distinct, slightly inflated, the periphery truncate and the margins crenulate; sutures slightly 

depressed, distinct; wall smooth, finely perforate; aperture circular, terminal, without a tooth. Length 0.35 

mm., breadth 0.10 mm.

P. plummerac occurs in the present material from the 

lower beds of Navarro age and the beds of Taylor age, 

with two records for the uppermost beds of Austin age. 

It is recorded by Cole from the Selma chalk of wells 

in Florida. The crenulated angles'are typically present, 

but there is considerable variation.

Navarro age.

Saratoga chalk. Arkansas, Howard County (79). 

Riplcy formation. Tennessee, McNairy County (94, 95). 

Sclma chalk (upper part). Mississippi, Union County (92).

Tennessee, McNairy County (98). 

Ncylandville inarl. Texas, Red River County (50); Delta

County (52); Hunt County (54); Rockwall County (57);

Kaufman County (58, 60); Navarro County (64, 66, 68,

69).

Taylor marl.

Upper part. Texas, Red River County (106, 108); Lamar County (110); Collin County (122); Kaufman County (129); 

Navarro County (134); Leon County (138); Travis County (145, 149); Bexar County (152, 159).

Pecan Gap chalk member. Texas, Delta County (165, 166); 

Collin County (172); Kaufman County (173); Rockwall 

County (176).

Wolfe City sand member. Texas, Golliu County (183).

Marlbrook marl. Arkansas, Howard County; Hempstead 

County.

Lower part. Texas, Delta County (206).

Austin age.

Burditt marl (of Adkins). Texas, Travis County (271). 

Gober tongue of Austin chalk. Texas, Lamar County (286). 

Selma chalk (lower part). Mississippi, Itawamba County (351).

Pseuclouvigerina cretacea Cushman

Plate 49, figures 17-20

Pseudouvigerina creLacea Cushman, Tennessee Div. Geology Bull. 

41, p. 46, pi. 7, figs. 14a-c, 1931; Jour. Paleontology, vol. 6, 

D 339 1932 

Cole, Florida Dept. Cons. Geol. Bull. 16, p. 35, pi. 4,-fig. 3,

1938. 

Cushrnan, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 20,

p. 11, pi. 2, fig. 31, 1944.

Pseudouvigerina plummerae Cushman, idem, vol. 5, p. 309, pi. 35, 

figs. 18a, b, 1931 (not P. plummerae Cushman 1927).

Test elongate, fusiform, greatest breadth above the 

middle, periphery rounded; chambers inflated, distinct, 

the earlier chambers irregularly biserial, later chambers 

triserial; sutures distinct, depressed; wall smooth but 

coarsely perforate; aperture terminal, with a short neck' 

and slightly developed lip. Length of holotype 0.35 mm., 

breadth 0.15 mm.

This species is very different from P. plummerae Cushman and from the other described species referable to 

this genus. The earlier chambers are distinctly biserial 

and the later chambers triserial, which, with the neck

and lip at the apertural end, place it in this genus. Cole 

records it from the Sclma chalk of well samples in 

Florida.

Navarro age.

Owl Creek formation. Mississippi, Tippah County (83). 

Ripley formation. Mississippi, Pontotoc County (90). Tennessee, McNairy County (94, 95). 

Selma chalk (upper part). Alabama, Marengo County (104).

Taylor marl.

Upper part. .Texas, Red River County (106); Leon County 

' (138).

Pecan Gap chalk member. Texas, Delta County (166). 

Austin age. Burditt marl (of Adkins). Texas, Bell County (269).

Pseudouvigerina seligi (Cushman) Cushman and Todd

Plate 49, figures 21-24

Uvigerina seligi Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr.,

vol. 1, pt. 1, p. 1, pi. 4, figs, la-c, 1925.

Plummer, Texas Univ. Bull. 3101, p. 186, pi. 14, fig. 10, 1931. 

Jennings, Bull. Am. Paleontology, vol. 23, No. 78, p. 32,

pi. 3, fig. 24, 1936. 

Pseudouvigerina seligi Cushman and To'dd, Cushman Lab. Foram.

Research Contr., vol. 19, p. 65, pi. 11, fig. 19, 1943. 

Uvigerina tenuistriata Carsey (not Reuss), Texas Univ. Bull. 2612, 

p. 42, pi. 1, fig. 1, 1926.

Test minute, less than twice as long as broad; chambers comparatively few, the last 3 making up the larger 

part of the test, in end view somewhat angled, basal part 

of each chamber cut under sharply, leaving a somewhat 

overhanging shoulder; sutures very distinct, depressed; 

surface minutely roughened, with a few prominent longitudinal costae, those of each chamber independent of 

adjacent ones; aperture circular, with a short, broad, 

cylindrical neck and slight phialine lip. Length 0.25 

mm., breadth 0.15 mm.

This species is highly ornamented, with costae that are 

occasionally broken up into spinose projections. A series 

of figures is given to show some of the variations. P. 

seligi is characteristic of the upper beds of Navarro age.

Navarro age. 

Kemp clay. Texas, Hopkins County (1); Williamson County

(12); Travis County (15, 17); Guadalupe County (18). 

Corsicana marl. Texas, Hunt County (24); Navarro County

(25, 27, 28); Limestone County (29, 30); Falls County

(32); Travis County (34, 37-42); Caldwell County (44);

Bexar County (46).

Arkadelphia marl. Arkansas, Hempstead County (72, 73). 

Owl Creek formation. Mississippi, Tippah County (83). 

Prairie Bluff chalk. Mississippi, Chickasaw County (84-87).

Alabama, Wilcox County (99); Sumter County (101, 102). 

Ripley formation. Mississippi, Pontotoc County (90).

Genus SIPHOGENERINOIDES Cushman, 1927 

Siphogeiieriiioides plummeri (Cushman) Cushman

Plate 50, figure 1

Siphogenerina plummeri Cushman, U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc., vol. 67, 

p. 18, 1926; Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 

2, pt. 1, p. 15, pi. 1, figs. 7a-c, 1926.

Siphogenerinoides plummeri Cushman, idem, vol. 3, p. 63, pi. 13, 

fig. 16, 1927; idem, Special Pub. 1, p.: 239, pi. 33, fig. 27; 

pi. 34, fig. 16, 1928; idem, Contr., vol. 5, p. 55, 1929. 

Plummer, Texas Univ. Bull. 3101, p. 183, pi 9, figs. 1-6, 1931. 

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Special Pub. 4, 

pi. 21, fig. 18, 1933; idem, Special Pub. 5, pi. 26, figs. 35a, 

>, 1933. .

Test small, elongate, 3% to 4 times as long as broad, 

very slightly tapering, greatest width developed by the 

last-formed chamber, apertural end broadly rounded, 

initial end in the megalospheric form obtuse, in the microspheric form acute, the early portion much compressed, 

later rounded in transverse section; chambers distinct,
118 UPPER CRETACEOUS FORAMINIFERA OF GULF COASTAL REGION

those of the earliest portion, particularly in the microspheric form, biserial and compressed; later chambers 

uniserial, somewhat inflated, slightly overlapping, and of 

rather uniform size and shape; sutures distinct, slightly 

depressed, particularly in the uniserial portion; wall 

calcareous, perforate, the adult ornamented by 8 to 13 

longitudinal costae, rather high and sharp, with the 

posterior angles tending to project slightly in almost 

spinose angles or even into short spines at the basal 

edge, occasionally with short smaller costae between 

the larger ones; interior of adult chambers with an internal tubular structure connecting the earlier apertures; 

aperture in the adult terminal, circular or elliptical, with 

a slight neck and rounded lip-. Length 0.65 to 1.00 mm., 

diameter 0.25 to 0.30 mm.

Mrs. Plummer in the above reference has given excellent figures of this species, showing the details of the 

aperture and the interior. The early stages are very 

distinctly biserial and seem to be related to such forms 

as Euovigerina and Bolivinita, which occur in the Upper 

Cretaceous. The presence of an internal tubular structure has led Mrs. Plummer to suggest that Siphogenerinoides may have been derived from Bolivina by the addition of a uniserial stage. Much further study of S. 

plummeri and related species, together with those1 of 

Eouvigerina, Bolivinita, Bolivina, etc., of equivalent 

formations should be made to determine this point more 

definitely. Other species developed particularly in 

northern South America are related to S. plummeri, some 

of which reach a much larger size. All are from the 

uppermost Cretaceous.

The distribution of S. plummeri in the Gulf Coastal 

Plain shows that it is confined to the upper beds of 

JSTavarro age and makes an excellent index fossil for that 

portion of the Cretaceous when it is present.

Navarro age.

Kemp clay. Texas, Hopkins County (1); Milam County (10). 

Arkadelphia marl. Arkansas, Hempstead County (71). 

Prairie Bluff chalk. Alabama, Wilcox County (100). 

Ripley formation. Mississippi, Pontotoc County (90). Tennessee, McNairy County (94").

Siphogeiierinoides cretacea Cushman

Plate 50, figures 2, 3

Siphogenerinoides cretacea Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 5, p. 58, pi. 9, figs. 14, 15, 1929. 

Cushman and Hedberg, idem, vol. 17, p. 93, pi. 22, figs. 20-

23, 1941.

Frizzell, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 17, p. 349, pi. 56, fig. 28, 

1943.

Test elongate, in the microspheric form tapering, in the 

megalospheric form with the sides nearly parallel, about 

3 times as long as broad, greatest width near the apertural end; chambers distinct, but only very slightly 

inflated; sutures distinct, slightly depressed, transverse 

to the long axis of the test; wall ornamented by numerous, 

fine, longitudinal costae continuous over the sutures; 

aperture with a short cylindrical neck and slight lip. 

Maximum length 1.60 mm., breadth 0.45 mm.

This is much the largest of the four species of Siphogenerinoides from the Upper Cretaceous. The microspheric form (fig. 3) is very pointed at the initial end, 

while the megalospheric form (fig. 2) is very broadly 

rounded. It may be distinguished from S. parva Cushman by the much larger size and the costae continuous 

across 'the sutures.

Upper Cretaceous. Colon shale. Quebrada Honda, Venezuela.

Santander del Norte, Colombia. 

Mal Paso shale. Northwestern Peru.

Siphogenerinoides bramlettei Cushmaii

Plate 50, figures 4, 5

Siphogenerinoides bramletti Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 5, p. 56, pi. 9, figs. 5, 6, 1929. 

Cushman and Hedberg, idem, vol. 17, p. 93, pi. 22, fig. 19, 

1941.

Test slender, slightly tapering, about 4 times as long 

as broad, greatest width at the apertural end; chambers 

numerous, the later chambers distinct, earlier chambers 

usually obscured by the ornamentation.; sutures of the 

uniserial chambers distinct, curved backward along the 

costae; wall ornamented by a few, usually 8 to 10, distinct, platelike, longitudinal costae, running uninterruptedly from the initial end to the base of the last-formed 

chamber, which is smooth; aperture rounded, without a 

neck and with only a trace of a thickened lip. Maximum 

length 0.80 mm.,. breadth 0.20 mm.

S. bramletti is closely related to S. plummeri Cushman 

and like it is found toward the top of the Cretaceous. 

It differs from S. plummeri in having the costae obsolete 

on the last-formed chamber, the costae higher, the sutures more curved between the costae, and the lip almost 

wanting.

Upper Cretaceous. Colon shale. Quebrada Honda, Venezuela. 

Santander del Norte, Colombia.

Siphogenerinoides parva Cushman

Plate 50, figures 6-8 

Siphogenerinoides parva Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research

Contr., vol. 5, p. 58, pi. 9, figs. 11-13, 1929. 

Cushman and Hedberg, idem, vol. 17, p. 93, pi. 22, fig. 25, 

1941.

Test elongate, very slightly tapering, the sides nearly 

parallel, about 4 times as long as broad, greatest width 

toward the apertural end; chambers numerous, distinct, 

slightly inflated; sutures distinct and slightly depressed, 

nearly transverse to the long axis of the test; wall ornamented by numerous, low, longitudinal costae, sometimes 

becoming obsolete on the last-formed chambers, broken 

at the sutures, not continuous; aperture with a slight 

neck and a slight lip, often broken or serrate. Maximum 

length nearly 1.00 mm., breadth 0.25 mm.

The species may at once be distinguished from the 

others by the weak costae broken at the sutures, and by 

the small size.

' This species and S. cretacea Cushman occur together, 

but do not occur in the same horizon with S. bramletti 

Cushman.

Upper Cretaceous. Colon shale. Quebrada Honda, Venezuela.

Santander del Norte, Colombia. 

Mito Juan shale. Santander del Norte, Colombia.

Siphogenerinoides ewaldi (Karsten) Cushman

Plate 50, figures 9-11

Orthocerina ewaldi Karsten, Deutscher Naturforscher u. Aerzte, 

Amtl. Ber. 32te Versammlung, 1856, p. 114, pi. 6, figs. 

3a-c (1858); Geologie ancienne Colombia bolivarienne, 

Venezuela, Nouvelle Grenade et Ecuador, p. 62, pi. 6, 

figs. 3a-c, 1886.

Siphogenerinoides ewaldi Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 5, p. 58, 1929. 

Cushman and Hedberg, idem, vol. 6, p. 68, pi. 9, figs. 10-12,

1930. 

Renz, 8th Am. Sci. Congress Proc., p. 528, 1942.

T.he identification of this species is somewhat in doubt 

owing to the fact that Karsten's originals were all represented by internal casts. The molds of the exterior of 

specimens that we have from the Upper Cretaceous of 

Colombia are very perfectly preserved, and impressions 

of these were taken in wax and one of these is here
BULIMINIDAE 119

figured. This gives the appearance of the exterior as 

well as figures showing the internal casts in the matrix. 

This wax cast shows the costae rather higher and sharper 

than in either S. parva Cushman or S. cretacea Cushman 

and may give a clue to the true characters of Karsten's 

species.

Upper Cretaceous. Colon shale. District of Escuque, State of 

Trujillo, Venezuela; also left bank, Dorado River, Tachira, 

Venezuela. 

Tarouba formation. Southern Trinidad.

Siphogciicrinoides brevispinosa Cushman

Plate 50, figure 12

Siplioyenerinoides brevispinosa Cushmau, Cushman Lab. Foram. 

Research Contr., vol. 15, p. 92, pi. 16, fig. 7, 1939.

Test elongate, the early portion biserial and tapering, 

later becoming uniserial, generally cylindrical or slightly 

compressed, with the sides nearly parallel; chambers distinct, somewhat inflated, earliest chambers obscure but 

later biserial, gradually becoming uniserial in the adult, 

inflated, somewhat overlapping; sutures distinct, depressed ; wall calcareous, thickly set with short spines 

over the entire surface; aperture elliptical, somewhat 

projecting, terminal, with a slightly raised lip, particularly on one-half of the rim. Length 0.45 mm., 'diameter 

0.12 mm.

The holotype is from a locality 5% miles northeast of 

Hope, Hempstead County, Ark., assigned to the Arkadelphia marl but possibly belonging to the basal part of 

the Midway group (Paleocene).

This species, known only from the type locality, is a 

distinctive one, particularly in the finely set spines over 

the entire exterior. It has not been found elsewhere, 

although it is fairly common at the type locality.

Family BULIMINIDAE

Genus BULIMINELLA Cushman, 1911

Bulimiiiella fabilis Cushman and Parker

Plate 50, figure 13

Bulimiiiella fabilis Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram. 

Research Contr., vol. 12, p. 7, pi. 2, figs. 5a-c, 1936.

Test small, about twice as long as broad, tapering; 

chambers distinct, 4 to 5 whorls, the last-formed whorl 

taking up about % of the test, the chambers in the last 

whorl very slightly inflated; sutures distinct, slightly depressed; wall smooth, perforate; aperture loop-shaped. 

Length 0.16 to 0.20 mm., diameter 0.08 to 0.10 mm.

This species differs from B. vitrea Cushman and Parker 

in the much more slender test, less curved sutures, and 

the more opaque walls. The species occurs in beds of, 

both Taylor age and Austin age, with records from just 

below the Austin-Eagle Ford contact.

Taylor marl.

Pecan Gap chalk member. Texas, Kaufman County (173). 

Lower part. Texas, Dallas County (216); Kaufman County 

(229); Ellis County (233); Hill County (237); McLennan 

County (238, 239); Travis County (247). 

Austin age.

Burditt marl (of Adkins). Texas, Bell County (269). 

Gober tongue of Austin chalk. Texas, Fannin County (274,

280); Lamar County (283). 

Austin chalk. Texas, Grayson County (289); Dallas County

(296, 306).

Brownstown marl. Texas, Lamar County (320). 

Eagle Ford shale. Texas, Dallas County (357, 358).

Bulimiiiella vitrea Cushman and Parker

Plate 50, figure 14

Buliminella vitrea. Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram. 

Research Contr., vol. 12, p. 7, pi. 2, figs. 4a-c, 1936.

Test small, about 1^ times as long as broad, slightly 

tapering; chambers distinct, 3 to 4 whorls, the lastformed whorl constituting more than half the test, 

 slightly inflated; sutures distinct, depressed; wall 

partially transparent, coarsely perforate; aperture comma-shaped. Length 0.16 to 0.25'mm., diameter 0.08 to 

0.15 mm.

This form resembles Buliminella imbricata (Reuss) 

Cushman and Parker but differs from it in the greater 

curve of the sutures, the inflation of the chambers, and 

the transparency of the test. . The species is most common in the Selma chalk of Mississippi and Tennessee.

Navarro age. Ripley formation. Tennessee, McNairy County

(94). 

Taylor age. Selma chalk (middle part). Mississippi, Prentiss

County (260); Lee County (264, 265, 267). 

Austin age! Burditt marl (of Adkins). Texas, Travis County

(271).

Buliminella cushmani Sandidgo

Plate 50, figure 15 

Buliminella cushmani Sandidge, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 6, p. 280,

pi. 42, figs. 18, 19, 1932. 

Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram Research Contr.,

vol. 12, p. 8, 1936. 

Cole, Florida Dept. Cons. Geol. Bull. 16, p. 34 (list), pi. 2,

fig. 14, 1938. 

Cushman and Deaderick, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 18, p. 337,

pi. 53, fig. 5, 1944.

Test small, compactly fusiform, spirally coiled, involute, circular 

in transverse section, the initial end pointed, apertural end tapering more gradually and rounded at the top; chambers numerous, 

4 in the last whorl, slightly inflated; sutures impressed; wall 

smooth, finely perforate, thin; aperture a comma-like opening at 

the end of the last chamber, extending from near the apex down to 

the last whorl. Length of holotype, 0.4 mm.

This species is very similar to Buliminella carseyae, but differs 

from it in being smaller and more compact. Also the chambers 

are less inflated, and the sutures curve more gracefully than in 

B. carseyae.

The types of this species have not been restudied and 

the descriptions and figures are copied from Sandidge. 

Cole records the species from the Selma chalk of well 

samples from Florida.

Navarro age. 

Kemp clay. Texas, Williamson County (11, 12); Guadalupe

County (20).

Corsicana marl. Texas, Guadalupe County (45). 

Prairie Bluff chalk. Alabama, Sumter County (101). 

Saratoga chalk. Arkansas, Hempstead County (82). 

Taylor age. Marlbrook marl. Arkansas, Clark County; Ho\yard

County; Hempstead County. 

Austin chalk. Texas, Hill County (314).

Buliminella carseyae Plummer

Plate 50, figures 17-20 

Bulimina compressa Carsey (not Bailey), Texas Univ. Bull. 2612,

p. 29, pi. 4, fig. 14, 1926. 

Buliminella carseyae Plummer, Texas Univ. Bull. 3101, p. 179,

pi. 8, fig. 7, 1931.

Cushman, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 6, p. 340, 1932. 

Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research

Contr., vol. 12, p. 8, pi. 2, figs. 6a-c, 1936. 

Loetterle, Nebraska Geol. Survey Bull., 2d ser., Bull. 12,

p. 37, pi. 5, figs. lOa, b, 1937. 

Cole, Florida Dept. Cons. Geol. Bull. 16, p. 34, pi. 2, fig. 14,

1938. 

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 20,

p. 12, pi. 2, fig. 24, 1944; idem, vol. 20, p. 93, pi. 14, fig. 10,

1944.

Test ovate, about twice as long as broad, initial extremity 

bluntly pointed; chambers about four in ea°ch mature whorl, turgid, 

smooth; sutures distinctly depressed, disposed at a strong angle to 

the elongate axis of the test; aperture small, comma-shaped, in a 

strong depression on the septal face and overhung by a sharp
120 UPPER CRETACEOUS FORAMINIFERA OF GULF COASTAL REGION

projection of the apex of the last chamber and marked by a 

minute and very narrow apertural flap extending down the long 

side of the septal face. 

Length of holbtype 0.39 mm.; breadth 0.22 mm.

The above description is taken from the original of 

Mrs. Plummer.

Specimens of this form were found "in the lower beds 

of Navarro age, the beds of Taylor age, and beds of 

Austin age. Cole records it from- the Selma chalk of 

well samples from Florida, and Loetterle from the Niobrara chalk of Kansas, Nebraska, and South Dakota. 

It is closely related to Buliminella laevis (Beissel) Gushman and Parker but is much smaller and shows much 

more inflation of the chambers. The Austin forms,

 occurring in the upper part of the Gober chalk, seem to

 be rather consistently broader and shorter than' the 

typical forms.

Navarro age.

Selma chalk (upper part). Alabama/Marengo County (104).

Neylandville marl. Texas, Red River County (50); Rockwall

 County (57); Navarro County (63). 

Taylor age.

Upper part of Taylor marl. Texas, Red River County (105- 

109); Lamar County (110-112); Hunt County (115); 

Collin County (121, 122); Rockwall Countj (124); Kaufman County (126, 130); Leon County (13S); Williamson 

County (140); Travis County (145, 147, 149); Hays 

County (150); Bexar County (152, 158, 163).

Anacacho limestone (upper part). Texas, Bexar County (164).

Ozan formation. Arkansas, Little River County (254).

Pecan Gap chalk member of Taylor marl. Texas, Delta County (165, 166); Hunt County (168); Collin County (169, 

172); Kaufman County (173); Rockwall County (176); 

McLennan County (177).

Selma chalk of Pecan Gap chalk age. Alabama, Marengo 

County (256).

Selma chalk (middle part). Mississippi, Prentiss County (261); 

Union County (262); Lee County (267).

Wolfe City sand member of Taylor marl. Texas, Collin County 

(180.-181, 183); Navarro County (187, 188).

Annona chalk. Texas, Bowie County (189, 190); Red River 

County (191, 195-198).

Lower part of Taylor marl. Texas, Red River County (199); 

Lamar County (201, 202); Delta County (206); Dallas 

County (216, 222, 223, 227); Kaufman County (228, 229); 

McLennan County (238, 239, 241); Bell County (245); 

Travis County (249)j'Comal County (251). 

Austin age.

Burditt marl (of Adkins). Texas, Travis County (270).

Gober tongue of Austin chalk. Texas, Fannin County (272-275, 

278); Lamar County (284-287).

Austin chalk. Texas. Grayson County (335); Collin County 

(337); Dallas County (307, 309, 311).

Bonham marl. Texas, Lamar County (327, 331).

Ector tongue of Austin chalk. Texas, Grayson County (332).

Selma chalk (lower part). Mississippi, Itawamba County (351): 

Lee County (350).

Buliminella carseyae Plummer var. plaiia Cashman and Parker

Plate 50, figures 16, 21, 22

Buliminella carseyae Plummer var. plana Cushman and Parker, 

Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 12, p. 8, pi. 2, 

figs. 7a-c, 1936. 

Cushman and Hedberg, idem, vol. 17, p. 94, pi. 22, figs.

26a-c, 1941. 

Cushman and Todd, idem, vol. 19, p. 65, pi. 11, fig. 20, 1943.

Test small, about 1% times as long as broad; chambers distinc.t, usually 4 whorls, the last-formed whorl 

forming at least half the test, somewhat inflated; sutures 

distinct, depressed; wall smooth, perforate; aperture 

comma-shaped. Length 0.18 to 0.24 mm., diameter 0.10 

to 0.15 mm.

This-variety differs from Buliminella carseyae Plummer in the smaller size of the test and the much smaller

inflation of the chambers. All our specimens are from 

the upper and middle beds of Navarro age. 

Upper Cretaceous. Colon shale. Santander del Norte, Colombia. 

Navarro age.

Neylandville marl. Texas, Kaufman County (59). 

Corsicana marl. Texas, Hunt County (24); Navarro County 

(27); Falls County (32); Travis County (36, 38); Caldwell 

County (44); Bexar County (46).

Prairie Bluff chalk. Mississippi, Chickasaw County (84-86). 

Alabama, Wilcox County (99); Sumter County (101, 102). 

Ripley formation. Tennessee, McNairy County (94, 95).

Buliminella coloiieiisis Cushman and Hedberg

Plate 50, figures 23, 24

Buliminella. colonensis Cushman and Hedberg, Cushman Lab. 

Foram. Research Contr., vol. 6, p. 65, pi. 9, figs. 6, 7, 1930.

Test with comparatively few whorls, nearly as broad 

as long, at least in the microspheric form; initial end 

pointed, apertural end broadly rounded; chambers 5 or 

6 in the last-formed whorl, elongate, rather uniformly 

increasing in size as added, very 'slightly inflated; sutures 

distinct, very slightly depressed; wall smooth; aperture 

broadly comma-shaped, greatest breadth at the inner 

end. Length up to 0.40 mm., diameter 0.35 mm.

The types are from the Upper Cretaceous Colon shale, 

Department of Escuque, State of Trujillo, Venezuela.

This species is very broad, with the last-formed whorl 

composing most of the area of the test.

Somewhat similar specimens occur in the Upper Cretaceous of Mexico.

Genus BULIMINA D'Orbigny, 1826 

Bulimina reussi Morrow

Plate 51, figures 1-5

Bulimina ovulum Reuss, Verstein. bohm. Kreideformation, pt. 1, 

pi. 8, fig. 57; pi. 13, fig. 73, 1845 (not Bulimina ovula 

D'Orbigny, 1839).

Bulimina murchisoniana Cushmau (not D'Orbigny), Jour. Paleontology, vol. 5, p. 309, pi. 35, figs. 14a, b, 1931; idem, vol. 6, 

p. 340, 1932. 

Bulimina reussi Morrow, Jour.-Paleontology, vol, 8. p. 195, pi. 29,

fig. 12, 1934. 

Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research

Contr,. vol. 11, p. 99, pi. 15, figs. 8, 10, 1935. 

Jenninga, Bull. Am. Paleontology, vol. 23, No. 78, p. 31. 

pi. 3, fig. 20, 1936. " ' 

Cushman and Hedberg, idem, vol. 17, p. 95, pi. 22, figs. 30ac, 1941.

Frizzell, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 17, p. 350, pi. 57, fig. 2, 1943. 

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research. Contr., vol. 20,

p. 12, pi. 2, fig. 25, 1944. 

Cushman and Deaderick, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 18, p. 337,

pi. 53, fig. 6, 1944.

Bulimina brevis Cushman (not D'Orbigny), Cushman Lab. Foram. 

Research Contr., vol. 7, p. 40, pi. 5, figs. 9a-c, 1931.

Test small, ovate, globular, subcircular in transverse section with 

greatest breadth above the middle, tapering evenly to a rather 

sharply rounded initial end; chambers triserial throughout, obscure, enlarging veiy rapidly in size as they are added; sutures 

very slightly depressed; wall smooth, very finely perforate; aperture small, subterminal. Height 0.28 mm., breadth 0.16 mm.

The above description is copied from the original of 

Morrow.

The forms from the Cretaceous of Texas and Tennessee 

have been compared with topotype material of Bulimina 

ovulum Reuss (not D'Orbigny), with which they appear 

to be identical. The species was found in its typical 

form throughout the Taylor. formation of Texas, to a 

somewhat smaller extent in the Selma chalk of Tennessee 

and Mississippi, and in the Austin chalk of Texas. The 

Austin specimens somewhat resemble Bulimina ventricosa Brotzen.
BULIMINIDAE 121

Mal Paso shale. Northwestern Peru.

Upper Cretaceous. Colon shale. Santancler del Norte, Colombia. 

Navarro age.

Saratoga chalk. Arkansas, Howard County (79). 

Ripley formation. Tennessee, Henderson County (96). 

Ncylandville marl. Texas, Kaufman County (60-62). 

Taylor age. 

Upper part of Taylor marl. Texas, Red River County (105-107,

109); Delta County (114); Hunt County (115); Collin

County (119, 122); Rockwall County (124); Kaufman

County (125, 126, 130, 131); Navarro County (134); Leon

County (138); Milarn County (139); Travis County

(149); Bexar County (154). 

Pecan Gap chalk member of Taylor marl. Texas, Delta County

(165, 166); Hunt County (168); Kaufman County (173);

Rockwall County (176). 

Selma chalk of Pecan Gap chalk age. Alabama, Marengo

County (256). 

Selma chalk (middle part). Mississippi, Prentiss County (260);

Union County (262); Lee County (263-265). 

Wolfe City sand member of Taylor marl. Texas, Collin County

(183). 

Marlbrook marl. Arkansas, Clark County; Howard County;

Hempstead County.

Annona chalk. Texas, Red River County (192, 198) 

Lower part of Taylor marl. Texas, Red River County (199);

Lamar County (201, 202); Fannin County (205); Delta

County (206); Collin County (208, 212); Dallas County

(216, 217, 220, 222); Kaufman County (229); Ellis County

(231, 234, 235); Falls County (244). 

Austin age.

Burditt marl (of Adkins). Texas, Travis County (271). 

Gober tongue of Austin chalk. Texas, Fannin County (278);

Lamar County (283, 286). 

Austin chalk. Texas, Grayson County (291); Collin County

(292-295, 324); Dallas County (300, 302-306, 308-311, 326,

339, 342); Hill County (313, 314); Bell County (316). 

Brownstown marl. Texas, Red River County (318); Lamar

County (320). 

Bonham marl. Texas, Grayson County (328).

Buliminu reussi Morrow var. navarroensis Cushman and Parker

Plate 51, figure 6

Bulimina reussi Morrow var. navanoensis Cushman and Parker, 

Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr.. vol. 11, p. 100, 

pi. 15, figs, lla, b, 1935. 

Cushman and Todd, idem, vol. 19, p. 66, pi. 11, fig. 21, 1943.

This variety differs from the typical form in the smaller 

size of the test and in the much slighter inflation of the 

last-formed chambers, together with the much smaller 

proportion of the whole test that these chambers form. 

Length 0.16 to 0.25 mm., diameter 0.10 to 0.13 mm.

The species seems to be limited to the beds of Navarro 

age.

Navarro age. 

Kemp clay. Texas, Navarro County (7); Williamson County

(12); Travis County (17). 

Corsicana marl. Texas, Navarro County (25, 27); Limestone

County (29, 30); Falls County (32); Travis County (34,

39, 41, 42); Caldwell County (44). 

Ripley formation. Tennessee. McNairy County (94). 

Ncylandville marl. Texas, Hunt County (53).

Buliiiiiiia aspera Cushman and Parker

Plate 51, figures 7, 10, 13, 15, 16

Bulimina aspera Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 16, p. 44, pi. 8, figs. 18, 19, 1940. 

Cushman and Todd, idem, vol. 19, p. 66, pi. 11, fig. 22, 1943. 

Frizzell, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 17, p. 349, .pi. 57, fig. 1,

1943. 

Bulimina pupoides Carsey (not D'Orbigny), Texas Univ. Bull.

2612, p. 29, pi. 4, fig. 3, 1926.

Plummer, idem, Bull. 3101, p. 180, pi. 9, fig. 15, 1931. 

? Sandidge, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 6, p. 280, pi. 43, fig. 1,

1'932.

Bulimina obtusa Cushman and Church (not D'Orbigny), California Acad. Sci. Proc., 4th ser., vol. 18, p. 513, pi. 39, 

figs. 17-19, 1929.

Cushman, Tennessee Div. Geology Bull. 41, p. 47, pi. 7, 

figs. 17, 18, 1931; Jour. Paleontology, vol. 5, p. 309, pi. 35, 

figs. 15a, b, 1931.

Bulimina subornata Sandidge (not H. B. Brady), Jour. Paleontology, vol. 6, p. 280, pi. 43, fig. 2, 1932.

?Bulimina elongata Sandidge (not D'Orbigny), idem, vol. 6, p. 281, 

pi. 43, fig. 3, 1932.

Bulimina quadrata W. Berry and Kelley (not Plummer), U. S. 

Nat. Mus. Proc., vol. 76, art. 19, p. 5, pi. 2, fig. 7, 1929. 

Cushman and Parker (part), Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 11, p. 100, pi. 15, figs. 12, 15, 16 (not 

figs. 13, 14), 1936.

Bulimina kickapooensis Cole (part), Florida Dept. Cons. Geol. 

Bull. 16, p. 45, 1938.

Test medium, two or more times as long as broad, 

slightly tapering, consisting of four to five whorls, initial 

end bluntly pointed, sometimes with one or two short 

basal spines; chambers joined at an angle of about 90° 

or less, slightly inflated; sutures distinct, slightly depressed; wall of initial part of test somewhat roughened, 

perforate, with the perforations often arranged in regular 

lines; aperture elongate, at apex of test, with a small, 

platelike tooth. Length 0.38 to 0.50 mm.; diameter 0.16 

to 0.26 mm.

The types are from the upper part of the Taylor marl, 

6.15 miles from Kaufman on the road to Crandall, Kaufman County, Tex. The species is very widespread, 

occurring in beds of Taylor and Navarro age throughout the Gulf coastal region of the United States.

The specimens from the upper part of the Navarro 

group differ from those of the lower part and the Taylor 

in not having the small initial spines. In other respects 

they appear to be identical. The species differs from 

Bulimina pupoides D'Orbigny in the angled character of 

the chambers, in the much slighter inflation of the chambers, and in the shape of the test, which tapers less and 

has a blunter initial end. It differs from B. kickapooensis 

Cole in the smaller size, greater inflation of the chambers, 

the roughened early portion of the test, and the usual 

presence of one or two short spines.

Navarro age.

Kemp clay. Texas, Navarro County (4, 5); Williamson County (11, 12); Gaudalupe County (18).

Corsicana marl. Texas, Hunt County (24); Navarro County 

(25-28); Limestone County (30, 31); Falls County (32); 

Travis County (34, 36, 38-40, 43); Bexar County (46).

Arkadelphia marl. Arkansas, Hempstead County (70-73).

Saratoga chalk. Arkansas, Clark County (78); Howard County 

(79); Hempstead County (81).

Prairie Bluff chalk. Mississippi, Chickasaw County (85, 86). 

Alabama, Wilcox County (99); Sumter County (101, 102). 

o Ripley formation. Tennessee, McNairy County (94, 95); Henderson County (96).

Selma chalk (upper part). Mississippi, Prentiss County (91); 

Union County (92). Tennessee, McNairy County (98). 

Alabama, Marengo County -(104).

Nej'landville marl. Texas, Red River County (50); Delta 

County (51, 52); Hunt County (53, 54); Rockwall County (57); Kaufman County (62); Navarro County (63, 

64, 66-69). 

Taylor age.

Upper part of Taylor marl. Texas, Red River County (105- 

108); Lamar County (110); Delta County (114); Hunt 

County (115-117); Collin County (119-122); Rockwall 

County (123); Kaufman County (125, 128-131); Navarro 

County (132, 134); Leon County (138); Williamson 

County (140, 142, 144); Bexar County (152, 155, 156, 158, 

161, 162).

Marlbrook marl. Arkansas, Clark County (252).

Pecan Gap chalk member of Taylor marl. Texas, Hunt County 

 (168); Collin County (169-171); Rockwall County (176).

Wolfe City sand member of Taylor marl. Texas, Collin County (180, 181, 183).

Annona chalk. Texas, Bowie County (189, 190).
122 UPPER CRETACEOUS FORAMINIFERA OF GULF COASTAL REGION

Selma chalk (middle part). Mississippi, Alcorn County (257);

Prentiss County (260, 261); Union County (262). 

Lower part of Taylor marl. Texas, Delta County (206); Kaufman County (229); Ellis County (234).

Bulimina trihedra Cushmaii

Plate 51, figure 17

Bulimina trihedra Cushman, Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists 

Bull., vol. 10, p. 591, pi. 17, figs. 6a, b, 1926; Jour. Paleontology, vol. 1, p. 160, pi. 27, fig. 5, 1927. 

Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research 

Contr., vol. 11, p. 100, pi. 15, figs. 9a, b, 1935.

Test small, distinctly trihedral, angles rounded, sides 

nearly flat or slightly convex; chambers numerous, distinct, inflated, somewhat higher than broad; sutures 

distinct, depressed; wall smooth and polished, very finely 

perforate; aperture elongate, oval. Length 0.40 mm., 

breadth 0.20 mm., thickness 0.20 mm.

This species was originally described from the Cretaceous'Velasco shale of Mexico. It also occurs in the 

Annona and Selma. chalks.

Upper Cretaceous. Velasco shale. East bank of river at Huiches, 

Hacienda el Limon, Vera Cruz, Mexico. Kilometers 

574.46 on Tampico^San Luis Potosi Railroad, Mexico. 

Taylor age.

Annona chalk. .Texas, Bowie County (189). 

Selma chalk (middle part). Mississippi, Alcom County (259).

Bulimina exigua Cushman and Parker

Plate 51, figure 18

Bulmina exigua Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 11, p. 99, pi. 15, figs. 7a, b, 1935.

Test very small, about twice as long as broad, gradually tapering; chambers distinct, overlapping, somewhat 

inflated, usually 5 whorls; sutures distinct, depressed 

throughout, forming a slight angle with the horizontal; 

wall smooth, perforate; aperture rounded. Length 0.10 

to 0.17 mm., diameter 0.08 to 0.11 mm.

This species differs from 'Bulimina reussi Morrow in 

the more gradual increase in size of the chambers toward 

the apertural end, in the different shape of the aperture, 

and in its smaller size.

The range is from the lower beds of Taylor age through 

beds of Austin age.

Taylor marl, lower part. Texas, Dallas County (217); McLennan

County (238, 239, 241); Travis County (247, 249). 

Austin age.

Burditt marl (of Adkins). Texas, Bell County (269).

Gober tongue of Austin chalk. Texas, Lamar County (287).

Austin chalk. Texas, Grayson County (291); Collin County 

(295); Dallas County (298, 301, 306, 307, 338).

Brownstown marl. Texas, Red River County (318, 319); Lamai* 

County (320).

Bonham marl. Texas, Lamar County (331).

Bulimina prolixa Cushman and Parker

Plate 51, figures 19-22 

Bulimina puschi Cushman (not Reuss), Tennessee Div." Geology

 ' Bull. 41, p. 47, pi. 7, figs. 19a, b, 1931. 

Bulimina prolixa Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram.

Research Contr., vol. 11, p. 98, pi. 15, figs. 5a, b, 1935. 

Cushman and Todd, idem, vol. 19, p. 66, pi. 11, fig. 23, 1943. 

Schenck, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 17, p. 62, 1943. 

Cushman and Deaderick, idem, vol. 18, p. 337, pi. 53, fig. 8,

1944.

Cushman and Goudkoff, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research 

Contr., vol. 20, p. 58, pi. 10, fig. 1, 1944.

Test long and narrow, about 2^ times as long as broad, 

tapering very slightly through the whole length, triangular in section practically throughout, with the angles 

broadly rounded, often somewhat twisted on its axis 

toward the initial end; chambers numerous, 6 to 7 whorls,

 distinct, those of successive whorls placed directly over 

each other with adjacent series meeting in a zigzag line;

 sutures distinct, very slightly depressed; wall smooth,

 coarsely perforate; aperture elongate, well removed from 

the juncture of the third preceding chamber. Length 

0.25 to 0.27 mm., diameter 0.11 to 0.12 mm.

This form has been wrongly identified as Bulimina 

puschi Reuss. A study of topotype material from Lemberg has definitely shown that species to be arenaceous. 

Specimens of B. prolixa were found in beds of Navarro 

age and in the upper beds of Taylor age. It occurs also 

in the Cretaceous of California.

Navarro age.

Corsicana marl. Texas, Limestone County (29, 30).

Ripley formation. Tennessee, McNairy County (94, 95, 97); 

Henderson County (96).

Neylandville marl. Texas, Kaufman County (60). 

Taylor age.

Upper part of Taylor marl. Texas, Navarro County (132).

Selma chalk (middle part). Mississippi, Union County (262).

Marlbrook marl. Arkansas, Howard County.

Bulimina triangularis Cushman and Parker

Plate 51, figure 23 

Bulimina triangularis Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram.

Research Contr., vol. 11, p. 97, pi. 15, figs. 4a, b, 1935. 

Cole, Florida Dept. Cons. Geol. Bull. 16, p. 35, pi. 4, fig. 1,

1938.

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 20, 

p. 93, pi. 14, fig. 11, 1944.

Test small, 1% times as long as broad, triangular in 

section, with rounded angles and slightly concave sides; 

chambers indistinct, about 5 whorls; sutures very indistinct, showing only as a slightly darkened line; wall 

covered on the bottom half with short irregular longitudinal ridges, which sometimes become slightly spinose, 

the upper half smooth, coasely perforate; aperture loopshaped with a slight lip. Length 0.21 to 0.28 mm., 

diameter 0.15 to 0.17 mm.

Except for single records from the Navarro and Austin 

this species is limited to the Taylor marl and its equivalents. Cole records it from the Selma chalk of well' 

samples from Florida.

Navarro age. Corsicana marl. Texas, Travis County1 (42). 

Taylor age.

Upper part of Taylor marl. Texas, Red River County (106); 

Hunt County (116); Collin County (122); Kaufman 

County (126). 

Selma chalk of Pecan Gap chalk age. Alabama, Marengo

County (256). 

Wolfe City sand member of Taylor marl. Texas, Collin County

(180). 

Lower part of Taylor marl. Texas, McLennan County (238,

239).

Austin age. Selma chalk (lower part). Mississippi, Lee County 

(350); Itawamba County (351).

Bulimina rudita Cushman and Parker

Plate 51, figure 24 

Bulimina ornata Cushman and Parker (not Egger), Cushman Lab.

Foram. Research Contr., vol. 11, p. 97, pi. 15, figs. 4a, b,

1935. 

Bulimina rudita Cushman and Parker, idem, vol. 12, p. 45, 1936.

Test small, triangular in section with the angles rounded 

and the sides distinctly concave, occasionally slightly 

twisted on its axis; chambers numerous, 5 to 6 whorls,

 distinct, somewhat inflated, arranged in regular series 

with the adjacent series meeting in a zigzag line; sutures 

distinct, depressed, sigmoid, slanting at an angle of 45°; 

wall, except for the central portion of the chambers in 

the last-formed whorl, covered with short spines, per-
BULIMINIDAE 123

.forate; aperture loop-shaped with a slight lip. Length 

0.20 to 0.26 mm., diameter 0.11 to 0.16 mm.

This species has a rather wide range in the Upper 

Cretaceous.

Navarro age. Prairie Bluff chalk. Mississippi, Chickasaw County

(84, 86). 

Taylor marl.

Upper part. Texas, Red River County (108). 

Wolfe City sand member. Texas, Collin County (180). 

Lower part. Texas, Red River County (199); Collin County 

(208, 209); Dallas County (216); Kaufman County (229); 

McLennan County (238); Travis County (249). 

Austin chalk.

Gober tongue. Texas, Fannin County (273, 274). 

Austin chalk: Texas, Dallas County (303). 

Ector tongue. Texas, Grayson County (332).

Buliniina kickapoocnsis Cole

Plate 51, figures 11, 12, 14; plate 66, figure 12 

Buliniina kickapooensis Cole, Florida Dept. Cons. G^ol. Bull. 16,

p. 45, pi. 3, fig. 6, 1938. 

Cushman and Hedberg,' Cushman Lab. Foram. Research

Contr., vol. 17, p. 94, pi. 22, fig. 28, 1941. 

Cushman and Deaderick, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 18, p. 337,

pi. 53, fig. 7, 1944. 

Bulimina elegans Chapman (not D'Orbigny), Quart. Jour. Geol.

Soc., vol. 48, p. 516 (list), pi. 15, fig. 9, 1892. 

Egger, K. bayer. Akad. Wiss. Abh., Kl. 2, vol. 21, pt. 1, p. 50,

pi. 15, fig. 44, 1899. 

Bulimina obtusa Egger (not D'Orbigny), idem, vol. 21, pt. 1, p. 50,

pi. 15, fig. 51, 1899.

Bulimina quadrata Cushman and Parker (part) (not Plummer), 

Cushrnan Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 11, p. 100, pi. 

15, figs. 13, 14 (not 12, 15, 16), 1935.

Test about 2% times as long as broad, megalospheric 

form tapering very slightly, microspheric rapidly, consisting of 5 or 6 whorls; chambers numerous, distinct, 

slightly inflated, sharply angled; sutures distinct, slightly 

depressed; wall smooth, perforate; aperture loop-shaped 

at apex of test, with a thin, plate-like tooth. Length 

(of holotype) 0.72 mm., diameter 0.28 mm.

The types are from the Upper Cretaceous, upper part 

 of the Taylor marl, branch.of Kickapoo Creek, 1,200. 

feet south of public road, 1.8 miles northwest of Annona, 

Red River County, Tex. The species occurs in formations of Navarro age in Alabama, Arkansas, Tennessee, 

and Texas, of Taylor age in Arkansas and Texas, of 

Austin age in Alabama, and in -the defep well in Florida 

cited by Cole. It also occurs questionably in the Moreno 

shale of California and is recorded from the Colon shale 

of Colombia. It is found in the Senonian of Germany.

Upper Cretaceous. Colon shale. Santander del Norte, Colombia. 

Navarro age.

Prairie Bluff chalk. Alabama, Wilcox County (100).

Ripley formation. Tennessee, Henderson County (96) i

Neylandville marl. Texas, Navarro County (63).

Saratoga chalk. Arkansas, Hempstead County (81). 

Taylor age.

Upper part of Taylor marl. Texas, Red River County (105- 

107); Delta County (114); Hunt County (115, 116); Collin County (119-122); Rockwall County (123); Kaufman 

County (129-131); Navarro County (132); Leon County 

(138); Williamson County (140, 142); Bexar County (156, 

158, 161).

Annona chalk. Texas, Bowie County (189, 190).

Pecan Gap chalk member of Taylor marl. Texas, Hunt County 

(168); Collin County (169-171).

Wolfe City sand member of Taylor marl. Texas, Collin County 

(180, 181, 183).

Marlbrook marl. Arkansas, Clark County; Howard County; 

Hempstead County.

Lower part of Taylor marl. Texas, Delta County (206); Ellis

County (234). 

. Austin age.

Selma chalk. Choctaw Bluff, Warrior River, Alabama. (353).

Bulimina kickapooensis Cole var. pingua Cushman and Parker

Plate 51, figures 8, 9; plate 66, figures 15, 16 

Bulimina kickapooensis Cole var. pingua Cushman and Parker, 

Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 16, p. 44, 

pi. 8, figs. 13, 14, 1940. 

Cushman and Hedberg, idem, vol. 17, p. 95, pi. 22, fig. 29,

1941. 

Cushman and Todd, idem, vol. 19, p. 66, pi. 11, fig. 24, 1943.

This variety differs from the typical form in being 

shorter and broader, and in having more inflated chambers and more depressed sutures. Length 0.50 to 0.67 

mm., diameter 0.30 to 0.35 mm.

The variety was described from the Upper Cretaceous 

Corsicana marl, Mexia highway at forks of Wortham 

road, 2.8 miles east-southeast of Cooledge, Limestone 

County, Tex. It also occurs at other - localities in the 

Corsicana marl, in the Kemp clay of Texas, and in the 

Prairie Bluff chalk of Mississippi. It occurs in great 

abundance at some localities and serves as an excellent

 marker.

Upper Cretaceous. Colon shale. Santander del Norte, Colombia. 

Navarro age. 

Kemp clay. Texas, Navarro County (4, 5); Williamson County

(11, 12); Guadalupe County (18).

Corsicana marl. Texas, Navarro County (25-28); Limestone 

County (30, 31); Falls County (32); Travis County (38, 

40). 

Prairie Bluff chalk. Mississippi, Chickasaw County (85, 86).

Bulimina pectinata Cushman and Parker

Plate 52, figure 10

Bulimina pectinata Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram. 

Research Contr., vol. 16, p. 45, pi. 8, figs. 20a-c, 1940.

Test medium, triangular in transverse section, somewhat twisted on its axis, broadest part near the apertural 

,end, initial end bluntly pointed, consisting of about 6 

whorls; chambers made somewhat indistinct by the 

ornamentation except in the central part of the sides of 

the test; sutures indistinct except at the sides, flush 

with the surface, somewhat darker in color than the rest 

of the test; wall ornamented along the edges of the 

chambers by a bluntly toothed border that gives a some-. 

what fringed appearance to the test, finely perforate; 

aperture loop-shaped, at apex of test. Length (adult

 specimens) 0.32 to 0.38 mm., diameter 0.18 to 0.20 mm.

The types are from the upper part of the Taylor 

marl on the east bank of a road cut near the crest of 

a hill 14.4 miles south of Paris and 0.9 mile north of 

Lake City, Delta County, Tex. The species has been 

found only at the type locality.

The form resembles no other species. It is somewhat 

similar in shape to Bulimina rudita Cushman and Parker 

but tapers less rapidly and is easily differentiated by the 

fringelike ornamentation.

Bulimina taylorensis Cushman and Parker

Plate 52, figures 1, 2

Bulimina taylorensis Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram. 

Research Contr., vol. 11, p. 96, pi. 15, figs. 3a, b, 1935.

Test small, slightly tapering, about iy2 times as long 

as broad, except in the rare microspheric form, which is 

almost twice as long as broad; chambers fairly distinct, 

4 to 5 whorls in the megalospheric form, more in the 

microspheric, overlapping; sutures deep, their presence, 

except in the last-formed whorl, chiefly indicated by the 

sharp undercutting below the chamber above; wall finely 

perforate, with irregular costae spaced rather far apart, 

causing an irregular fluting of the sharp margin of the 

chambers, the initial end of the test with one or more
124 UPPER CRETACEOUS FORAMINIFERA OF GULF COASTAL REGION

spines; aperture an elongate, loop-shaped opening with 

a distinct lip, opening at the inner margin of the lastformed chamber. Length 0.27 to 0.32 mm., diameter 

0.20 to 0.21 mm.

This highly ornamented species occurs 'at numerous 

stations in the upper part of the Taylor marl and should 

make a fairly good index fossil.

Taylor marl, upper part. Texas, Red River County (105-107) ; 

Navarro County (132, 134); Bexar County (152).

Bulimiiia arkadelphiana Cushman and Parker

Plate 52, figures 3, 4

Bulimina arkadelphiana Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. 

Foram. Research Contr., vol. 11, p. 96, pi.. 15, figs. 1, 2, 

1935.

Test small to medium, the megalospheric form being 

considerably smaller than the microspheric, tapering; 

chambers numerous, about 5 whorls in the megalospheric 

form, 8 in the microspheric, later chambers inflated; 

sutures distinct, deep; wall, except for the last 3 chambers, covered with sharp spines, especially at the margins 

of the chambers, the last-formed whorl with spines at the 

margins of the chambers and with only an occasional 

spine above, finely perforate; aperture typically elongate 

with a small lip. Length 0.33, to 0.50 mm., diameter 

0.23 to 0.30 mm. '

Navarro age. Arkadelphia marl. Arkansas, Hempstead County 

(70, 72, 73). It also occurs in typical form at the locality, 

supposedly of Arkadelphia age but possibly of Midway 

age, 5% miles northeast of "Hope, Hempstead County, 

Ark.

Bulimina limbata White

. Plate 52, figure 5

Bulimina limbata White, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 3, p. 48, pi. 5, 

figs. 9a, b, 1929. .

Test bluntly pyramidal with a rounded apertural end, the first 

few chambers often almost hidden by the later ones, giving the 

blunt appearance to the test; sutures limbate, raised, and ending 

in spines in some of the early chambers; aperture very large.

Length of holotype 1.00 mm., breadth 0.60 mm.

The types of this species are from the Papagallos 

shales of Mexico, where it,is common. It also occurs 

less commonly in the Mendez shales.

Bulimina mendezensis White

Plate 52, figure 6

Bulimina mendezensis White, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 3, p. 49, 

pi. 5, fig. 10, 1929.

Test broadly oval; wall smooth, last chambers relatively large; 

characterized by a relatively large, rounded aperture, with a number of slight folds radiating from it.

Length 0.50 to 0.55 mm., breadth 0.30 to 0.35 mm.

The types of this species are from Upper Cretaceous 

Mendez shale 200 meters north of La Noria on the road 

to Noria, northwest of Tampico, Mexico.

The folds about the aperture are not always wellmarked. It is rather rare in our Mexican material.

Bulimina incisa Cushman

Plate 52, figure 7 . 

Bulimina incisa Cushman, Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull.,

vol. 10, p. 592, pi. 17, figs. 9a, b, 1926. 

White, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 3, p. 47, pi. 5, fig. 6, 1929.

Test small, oval, circular in transverse section, greatest 

breadth toward the apertural end, initial end rounded; 

chambers comparatively few, distinct, especially the 

later .chambers; sutures distinct, depressed, the basal

edge of each chamber with numerous re-entrants, which 

apparently are cut in along the suture lines; wall smooth 

or with faint longitudinal lines; aperture broadly oval. 

Length 0.40 to 0.4$ mm., diameter 0.30 mm.

The types are from the Upper Cretaceous Velasco 

shale in well samples from Hacienda el Limon, Vera 

Cruz, Mexico, and the species is characteristic of the 

Velasco shale of that region.

The peculiar sculpturing along the suture lines is the 

best mark of this species. - . -

Bulimina velascoensis (Cushman) White

Plate 52, figure 8

Gaudryina-velascoensis Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research

Contr., vol. 1, pt. 1, p. 20, pi. 3, fig. 7, 1925; Am. Assoc.

Petroleum Geologists Bull., vol. 10, p. 587, pi. 16, fig. 9,

1926; Jour. Paleontology, vol. 1, p. 149, pi. 28, fig. 2, 1927.

Bulimina velascoensis White, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 3, p. 50, pi.

. 5, fig. 13, 1929.

Test broadest toward the apertural end, early portion 

somewhat triangular in tranverse section, later portion 

somewhat angular in transverse section, angles broadly 

rounded; chambers not inflated; usually indistinct, 

especially in the earlier portion; sutures somewhat 

sinuous, slightly if at all depressed, distinct only in the 

later portion; wall rather distinctly perforate, the perforations often in lines, generally somewhat longitudinally arranged on the test; aperture with the inner end 

somewhat expanded. Length 0.50 to 0.60 mm., diameter 

0.30 mm.

The types are from the Upper Cretaceous Velasco 

shale in Tamalte Arroyo, Hacienda el Limon, San Luis 

Potosi, Mexico.

The species is characteristic of the Velasco shale.

Bulimina trinitatensis Cushman and Jarvis . Plate 52, figure 9

Bulimina trinitatensis Cushman and Jarvis, Cushman Lab. Foram. 

Research Contr., vol. 4, p. 102, pi. 14, figs. 12a, b, 1928; 

U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc., vol. SO, art. 14, p. 44, pi. 13,'figs. 

4a, b, 1932.

Test somewhat longer than broad, rounded in transverse section, chambers distinct, with the lower border 

extended into an overhanging plate that is marked on 

the upper side by an irregular network of reticulate areas, 

the outer angles ending in short spines; aperture elongate, 

comma-shaped, the apertural face smooth. Length 0.50 

mm., diameter 0.30 mm.

The types are from the Upper Cretaceous of Lizard 

Springs, near Guayaguayare, southeastern Trinidad. 

The species also occurs in a well sample from Lizard 

Springs at a depth of 725 feet and in the Velasco shale 

of Hacienda el Limon, Mexico.

This is a very highly ornamented and specialized 

species.

Bulimina laddi Cushman and Hedberg

Plate 66, figure 11

Bulimina laddi Cushman and Hedberg, Cushman Lab. Foram. 

Research Contr., vol. 17, p. 94, pi. 22, figs. 27a-c, 1941.

Test about 3 times as long as broad, fusiform, consisting of about 3 whorls, initial end tapering to a point, 

with a short but distinct spine; chambers distinct, somewhat inflated, rounded, increasing rapidly in height as 

added, those of the last-formed whorl in the adult making 

up nearly % of the size of the test; sutures distinct, 

depressed; wall smooth, perforate; aperture narrow,
BULIMINIDAE 125

elongate, with a slight lip. Length 0.50 to 0.55 mm., 

diameter 0.18 to 0.20 mm.

The types of this species are from the upper zone of 

the Colon shale, Quebrada Mito Juan, Department of 

Santander del Norte, Colombia.

This species differs from B. kickapooensis Cole in the 

more slender form, higher and narrower chambers, and 

pointed, spinose initial end.

Buliminn petrolcann Ctishnmii and Hedberg

Plate 66, figure 13 

Bulimina petrolcana Gush man and Hedberg, Cushman Lab. Foram.

Research Contr., vol. 17, p. 95, pi. 22, figs. 31a-c, 1941. 

Cushman and Goudkoff, idem, vol. 20, p. 59, pi. 10, fig. 2, 

1944.

Test about l 1/^ times as long as broad, consisting of 

6 to 8 whorls, the greatest diameter above the middle 

formed by the last whorl of chambers, which makes up 

about % the test, rapidly tapering to the subacute initial 

end which occasionally has a short spine; chambers distinct, inflated in the later portion, increasing rapidly in 

size as added; sutures distinct, later ones strongly depressed; wall of the earlier portion ornamented with 

numerous fine costae, last whorl usually- smooth; aperture broadly loop-shaped. Length 0.40 to 0.45 mm., 

diameter 0.25 mm.

The types are from the upper zone of the Colon shale, 

Quebrada La Petrolea, Department of Santander del 

Norte, Colombia. It is also recorded from the Cretaceous of California.

This species differs from B. arkadelphiana Cushman 

and Parker, in the more regularly tapering test, the very 

fine costae, and the unornamented last whorl.

Genus NEOBULIMINA Cushman and Wickenden, 1928 

Ncobuliniiiia cnnndensis Cushman and Wickenden

Plate 52, figures 11, 12 

Neobulimina canadensis Cushman and Wickenden, Cushman Lab.

Foram. Research Contr., vol. 4 p. 13, pi. 1, figs. 1, 2, 1928. 

Cushman, Tennessee Div. Geology Bull. 41, p. 48, pi. 8,

figs, la-c, 1931; Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Special

Pub. 4, pi. 22, figs. 24a, b, 1933; idem, Special Pub. 5, pi.

27, figs. 15a-c, 1933. 

- Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research

Contr., vol. 12, p. 9, pi. 2, figs. 9, 10, 1936. 

Jennings, Bull. Am. Paleontology, vol. 23, No. 78, p. 31,

pi. 3, fig. 22, 1936.

Frizzell, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 17, p. 350, pi. 57, fig. 3, 1943. 

Cushman and Todd, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr.,

vol. 19, p. 66, 1943.

Cushman, idem, vol. 20, p. 93, pi. 14, figs. 12, 13, 1944. 

Cushman and Deaderick, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 18, p. 337,

pi. 53, figs. 9, 10, 1944.

Test elongate, fusiform, greatest width near the middle, 

tapering slightly toward either end, about 2l/2 times as 

long as wide in.adult specimens, early triserial stage of 

12 to 18 chambers, the biserial adult stage of 4 to 6 

chambers, each part making about one-half the mass 

of the test; chambers distinct, subglobular, inflated; sutures very distinct, depressed; wall calcareous, coarsely 

perforate, in some of the thicker-walled specimens appearing almost reticulate, no other surface ornamentation; aperture in the early triserial portion oblique and 

"comma-shaped," in the adult biserial stage broader, 

the portion at the basal edge of the chamber broad and 

the elongate axis nearly at right angles to the margin 

of the chamber; the whole aperture in the adult at the 

base of a distinct depression. Length 0.30 mm., breadth 

0.13 mm., breadth of biserial portion 0.12 mm., thickness 0.09 mm.

The microspheric . form is often somewhat irregular 

and twisted. It is usually less common than the megalospheric. The species was originally described from the 

Upper Cretaceous Bearpaw shale of Lethbridge, Alberta. 

It has apparently a long range in the Upper Cretaceous.

Navarro age. 

Corsicana marl. Texas, Limestone County (29, 30); Falls

County (32); Bexar County (46). 

Ripley formation. Tennessee, McNairy County (94); Henderson County (96). 

Selma chalk (upper part). Mississippi, Union County (92).

Tennessee, McNairy County (98). 

Neylandville marl. Texas, Delta County (52); Hunt County

(53, 54); Kaufman County (58, 62); Navarro County (68). 

Taylor age.

Upper part of Taylor marl. Texas, Collin County (122); Kaufman County (125, 126, 129); Williamson County (140,

142, 144); Bexar County (154, 156, 158, 159). 

Pecan Gap chalk member of Taylor marl. Texas, Kaufman

County (173); Rockwall County (176). 

Selma chalk (middle part). Tennessee, Hardin County (255).

Mississippi, Alcorn County (257); Prentiss County (260);

Lee County (264, 265, 268). 

Wolfe City sand member of Taylor marl. Texas, Hunt County

(185, 186); Navarro County (187). 

Marlbrook marl. Arkansas, Hempstead County. 

Annona chalk. Texas, Red River County (192). 

Lower part of Taylor marl. Texas, Red River County (199);

Lamar County (201, 202); Fannin County (203, 205);

Collin County (211, 212, 214, 215); Dallas County (220-

223, 227); Kaufman County (228); Ellis County (231,

233, 235); Navarro County (236); Hill-County (237);

McLennan County (241); Travis County (249). 

Austin age.

Burditt marl (of Adkins). Texas, Travis County (270).- 

Gober tongue of Austin chalk. Texas, Fannin County (278). 

Austin chalk. Texas, Grayson County (289, 291); Collin

County (324); Dallas County (296, 297, 301-303, 306, 307,

310, 325, 342). 

Brownstown marl. Texas, Red River County (318, 319); Lamar

County (320).

Bonham marl. Texas, Lamar County (327, 331). 

Selma chalk (lower part). Mississippi, Itawamba County (351). 

Eagle Ford shale. Texas, Dallas County (355, 357).

Neobulimina irregularis Cushman and Parker

Plate 52, figure 13

Neobulimina irregularis Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. 

Foram. Research Contr., vol. 12, p. 9, pi. 2, figs. 8a, b, 

1936.

Loetterle, Nebraska Geol. Survey Bull., 2d ser., Bull. 12, 

p. 38, pi. 5, fig. 12, 1937.

Test elongate, practically the same width throughout 

except for the initial end, which is tapering; about 5 

times as long as broad in the microspheric form, shorter 

in the megalospheric; about 5 whorls in the triserial 

stage and 4 in the biserial stage of the adult form; 

chambers distinct, globular, irregular; sutures distinct, 

depressed; wall coarsely perforate; aperture broadly 

loop-shaped, extending from the base of the last-formed 

chamber. Length 0.20 to 0.43 mm., diameter 0.08 to 

0.20 mm.

Specimens of this form were found in the lower part 

of the Taylor marl, Austin chalk, and the Eagle Ford 

shale. Loetterle records it from the Niobrara chalk of 

Kansas, Nebraska, and South Dakota.

Taylor marl, lower part. Texas, Lamar County (201); Kaufman

County (229). 

Austin chalk.

Gober tongue. Texas, Lamar County (285, 287). 

Austin chalk. Texas, Grayson County (328, 333-335); Collin 

County (324. 337); Dallas County (299, 301, 304, 338, 340, 

341, 344, 345). 

Ector tongue. Texas, Grayson County (332).
126 UPPER CRETACEOUS FORAMINIFERA OF GULF COASTAL REGION

Eagle Ford shale. Texas, Grayson County (354); Dallas County

(355, 362); Hill County (368, 369). 

Upper Cretaceous. Boyne beds 1 mile east of Babcock, Manitoba,

Canada.

i 

Neobulimina spinosa Cushmaii and Parker

Plate 52, figure 14 

Neobulimina spinosa Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram.

Research Contr., vol. 12, p. 9, pi. 2, figs, lla, b, 1936. 

Cushman, idem, vol. 20, p. 12, 1944.

Test small, about iy2 times as long as broad, widest 

portion of the test at a point two-thirds of the distance 

from the initial end, the initial end irregularly covered 

with short spines, sometimes as much as one-third of the 

way up the test; chambers inflated, 9 in the triserial 

portion arid 2 in the biserial; sutures distinct, depressed; 

wall transparent or partially so, coarsely perforate; aper-" 

ture loop-shaped with a distinct, slightly, flaring lip, 

nearly terminal. Length 0.16 to 0.25 mm., diameter 

0.10 to 0.17 mm.

Specimens of this species were found in the lower beds 

of Navarro age and throughout the beds of Taylor age.

Navarro age.

Ripley formation. Tennessee, McNairy County (94); Henderson County (96).

Neylandville marl. Texas, Delta County (52); Kaufman County (58, 62); Navarro County (64, 69). 

Taylor age.

Upper part of Taylor marl. Texas, Kaufman County (125, 129); 

Navarro County (132); Milam County (139); Williamson County (140, 142, 144); Travis County (145, 149); 

Bexar County (154, 156, 158).

Pecan Gap chalk member of Taylor marl. Texas, Delta County 

(165, 166); Kaufman County (173).

Selma chalk (middle part). Tennessee, Hardin County (255). 

Mississippi, Alcorn County (257-259); Prentiss County 

(260); Union County (262); Lee County (264-266).

Wolfe City sand member of Taylor marl. Texas, Cpllin County 

(180).

Annona chalk. Texas, Red River County (192).

Lower part of Taylor marl. Texas, Red River County (199); 

Lamar County (202); Dallas County (221).

Genus ENTOSOLENIA Ehrenberg, 1848 

Entosolenia marginata (Walker and Jacob) Williamson

Plate 52, figure 15

Under this name are placed those compressed Lagenalike forms with a single peripheral keel. The forms 

show considerable variation and some of them at least 

show an entosolenian tube.

Navarro age. Ripley formation. Tennessee, McNairy County 

(94).

Entosolenia orbignyana (Seguenza) Cushman

Plate 52, figures 16-19

This species is distinguished from the preceding by 

an additional flange on each side and generally parallel 

to the periphery. Well-preserved specimens in some of 

the Cretaceous samples show an entosolenian tube and 

display much variation in the general shape and relative 

strength of the flanges.

Upper Cretaceous. Pit at Lizard Springs, near Guayaguayare,

southeastern Trinidad.

Velasco and Mendez shales. Hacienda el Limon, Mexico. 

Navarro age. Ripley formation. Tennessee, McNairy County

(94).

Genus VIRGULINA D' Orbigny, 1826 

Virgulina tegulata Reuss

Plate 53, figures 1-4

Virgulina tegulata Reuss, Verstein. bb'hm. Kreideformation, pt. 1, 

p. 40, pi. 13, fig. 81, 1845.

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Special Pub. 9, 

p. 4, pi-. 1, figs. 8-12, 1937; idem, vol. 20, p. 12, pi. 2, fig. 

26, 1944; idem, vol. 20, p. 93, pi. 14, fig. 14, 1944.

Cushman and Deaderick, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 18, p. 338, 

pi. 53, fig. 11, 1944.

Test elongate, 3 to 5 times as long as broad, only 

slightly compressed, periphery broadly rounded, twisted, 

especially in the early portion; chambers distinct, very 

slightly inflated, higher, than broad, earliest chambers 

spiral, adult chambers biserial; sutures distinct, very 

little depressed, very slightly oblique; wall smooth, finely 

perforate; aperture elongate, narrow, running from the 

inner margin of the last-formed chamber nearly to the 

apex. Length 0.45 to 0.60 mm., breadth 0.12 to 0.15 mm.

The species occurs in Europe only in the Turonian. In 

America it occurs in the lower beds of Navarro age, the 

beds of Taylor age, and through the beds of Austin age, 

with one locality in the upper part of the Eagle Ford 

shale.

Navarro age. Ripley formation. Tennessee, McNairy County

(94, 95, 97); Henderson County (96). 

Taylor age. 

Upper part of Taylor marl. Texas, Kaufman-County (129);

Milam County (139); Williamson County (141, 142);

Travis County (145); Bexar County (154, 159, 162). 

Marlbrook marl. Arkansas, Clark County (252); Hempstead

County. 

Pecan Gap chalk member of Taylor marl. Texas, Delta County

(165, 166). 

Selma chalk (middle part). Tennessee, Hardin County (255).

Mississippi, Alcorn County (258, 259); Prentiss County

(260); Union County (262); Lee County (264, 265). 

Lower part of Taylor marl. Texas, Collin County (208); Dallas

County (221, 223, 225-227); Kaufman County (228, 229);

McLennan County (239, 241); Falls County (244); Travis

County (249). 

Austin age. 

Burditt marl (of Adkins).' Texas, Bell County (269); Travis

County (270, 271). 

Gober tongue of Austin chalk. Texas, Fannin County (278,

281); Lamar County (283-285, 287). 

Austin chalk. Texas, Grayson County (291, 335); Collin County

(293, 295, 324); Dallas County (299, 300, 302, 304-308,

311, 340, 344). 

Brownstown marl. Texas, Red River County (318, 319); Lamar

County (320). Arkansas, Sevier County (347). 

Bonham marl. Texas, Lamar County (327, 331); Grayson

County (328).

Selma chalk (lower part). Mississippi, Itawamba County (351). 

Eagle Ford shale. Texas, Grayson County (354).

Virgulina navarroana Cushman

Plate 53, figures 5-7

Virgulina navarroana Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research 

Contr., vol. 9, p. 63, pi. 7, figs. 9, 10, 1933; Geol. Soc. 

America Bull., vol. 47, p. 419, 1936; Cushman Lab. Foram. 

Research Special Pub. 9, p. 6, pi. 1, figs. 14-16, 1937. 

Cushman and Todd, idem, Contr., vol. 19, p. 66, pi. 11, fig. 

25, 1943.

Test elongate, tapering, greatest breadth toward the 

apertural end, periphery broadly rounded, initial end in 

many specimens with a short spine; chambers distinct, 

slightly inflated, irregularly spiral in the early portion, 

becoming distinctly biserial in the adult, the last-formed 

chamber somewhat more elongate than the earlier chambers; sutures distinct, slightly depressed, wall smooth, 

coarsely perforate; aperture broadly elliptical, somewhat comma-shaped, with a slight rim. Length 0.40 

mm., breadth 0.10 to 0.12 mm., thickness 0.08 to 0.10 mm.

This is a distinctive species and widely distributed, 

particularly in the upper part of the Navarro group.
BULIMINIDAE 127

Navarro group. 

Kemp clay. Texas, Hopkins County (1); Williamson County

. (12); Travis County (13-17); Guadalupe County (18). 

Corsicana marl. Texas, Hunt County (24); Navarro County 

(25, 27); Travis County (34, 37); Caldwell County (44); 

Bexar County (46); Limestone County (30).

Genus BOLIVINA D' Orbigny, 1839 

Bolivina incrassata Reuss

Plate 53, figures 8-11 

Bolivina incrassaLa Reuss, Haidinger's Naturwiss, Abh., A'ol. 4, p.

29, pi. 4, fig. 13, 1851; Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-naturwiss.

Kl., Sitzungsber., vol. 44, pt. 1, 1861, p. 332 (1862). . Olszewski, Akad. umiej. Krakowie, Sprawozd. Kom. Fizyj.,

vol. 9, p. 123, 1875. ' 

Egger, K. bayer. Akad. Wiss., Math-naturh. Abt., Abh., Kl.

2, vol. 21, pt. 1, p. 45, pi. 16, figs. 4, 5, 1899; K. bayer. Akad.

Wiss., Math.-phys. Kl., Sitzungsber., Jahrg. 11, p. 23, pi. 1,

fig. 18, 1909. 

Franke, Naturh. Ver. preuss. Rheinlande u. Westfalens Verh.,

69 Jahrg., vol. 59, 1912, p. 265 (1913); Greifswald Univ.,

Geol.-paleont. Inst., Abh., vol. 6, p. 21, pi. 2, fig. 8, 1925. 

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 2,

pt. 1, p. 19, pi. 2, figs, la, b, 1926; vol. 2, pt. 4, p. 86, pi. 12,

figs, la, b, 1927; Jour. Paleontology, vol. 1, p. 161, pi. 28,

fig. 11, 1927. 

Franke, Preuss. geol. Landesanstalt Abh., new ser., vol. Ill,

p. 153, pi. 14, fig. 6, 1928. 

White, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 3, p. 43, pi. 4, figs. 19a, b,

1929. 

Cushman, Tennessee Div. Geology Bull. 41, p. 49, pi. 8, figs.

2-4, 1931; Jour. Paleontology, vol. 5, p. 310, pi. 2, figs. 17a,

b, 1931.

Sandidge, idem, vol. 6, p. 281, pi. 41, fig. 21, 1932. 

Macfadyen, Geol. Mag., vol. 69, pi. 35, figs. 19a, b, 1932. 

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Special Pub. 4,

pi. 22, fig. 26, 1933; idem, Special Pub. 5, pi. 27, fig. 28, 1933. 

Cushman and Campbell, idem, Contr., vol. 11, p. 73, pi. 11,

fig. 10, 1935.

Cushman, idem, Special Pub. 9, p. 38, pi. 5, figs. 19-28, 1937. 

Cole, Florida Dept. Cons. Geol. Bull. 16, p. 35, pi. 3, fig. 1,

1938. 

Cushman and Deaderick, Jour. Paleontology, vol.' 18, p. 338,

pi. 53, fig. 12, 1944. 

Bolivina incrassata Reuss var. lata Egger, K. bayer. Akad. Wiss.,

Math.-naturh, Abt., Abh:, Kl. 2, vol. 21, pt. 1, p. 46, pi. 16,

figs. 8, 9, 1899.

Textilaria elonffata von Hagenow, Neues Jahrb., 1842, p. 570. 

Bolivina elongata Marsson, Naturw. Ver. Neu-Vorpommern u.

Rugen Mitt., Jahrg. 10, p. 155, 1878. 

Bolivina primatumida White, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 3, p. 44,

pi. 4, figs. 20a, b, 1929.

Test stout, moderately compressed, periphery rounded, 

about 2x/2 times as long.as broad, greatest breadth toward 

the apertural end; chambers numerous, usually distinct, 

slightly inflated; sutures fairly distinct, strongly oblique, 

very slightly depressed, occasionally becoming limbate; 

wall thick and usually opaque, very finely perforate, 

usually smooth but occasionally the earliest chambers 

marked by extremely fine traces of longitudinal markings; aperture elongate, oval, without a definite lip. 

Length up to 1.00 mm. or more, breadth 0.30 to 0.40 mm., 

.thickness 0.15 to 0.18 mm.

This species is very widely distributed in Europe and 

America. It occurs in the beds of Taylor age and is 

abundant at many places. It is common in the lower 

beds of Navarro age, its highest level seeming to be in 

the Saratoga chalk. In Mexico is occurs, at many places 

abundantly, in the Mendez formation but does not occur 

in the Velasco shale of Mexico nor in its equivalent in 

Trinidad. Cole records it from the Selma chalk of well 

samples from Florida.

The species is represented in the present collections 

from the upper Senonian of Europe at numerous localities. It occurs in the Mendez shale at numerous localities along the Tampico-San Luis Potosi Railroad near 

Coco, Hacienda el Limon, San Luis Potosi, Mexico, and 

at many localities southward along the Tamuin River.

Navarro age. 

Saratoga chalk. Arkansas, Howard County (79); Hempstead

County (80).

Ripley formation. Tennessee, Henderson County (96). - 

Selma chalk (upper part). Alabama, Marengo County (104). 

Neylandville marl. Texas, Rockwall County (57); Kaufman

County (58). 

Taylor age. 

Upper part of Taylor marl. Texas, Red River County (105-

109); Lamar County (110, 112); Delta County (114);

Hunt County (115, 116); Collin- County (118, 120-122);

Rockwall County (123); Kaufman County (126, 128, 130);

Navarro County (132-134); Williamson County (140,

142); Travis County (146); Bexar County (152, 155, 161). 

Marlbrook marl. Arkansas, Clark County; Howard County;

Hempstead County.

Ozan formation. Arkansas, Little River County (254). 

Pecan Gap chalk member of Taylor marl. Texas, Collin County

(170).

Selma chalk (middle part). Tennessee, Hardin County (255). 

Wolfe City sand member of Taylor marl. Texas, Navarro

County (188). 

Annona chalk. Texas, Bowie County (189, 190); Red River

County (191).

Lower part of Taylor marl. Texas, Delta County (206); Kaufman County (229); Ellis County (234).

Bolivina decurrens (Ehrenberg) Marsson

Plate 53, figures 12, 13 

Grammostomum? decurrens Ehrenberg, Mikrogeologie, pi. 30.

fig. 17, 1854. 

Bolivina decurrens Marsson, Naturw. Ver. Neu-Vorpommern u.

Rugen Mitt., Jahrg. 10, p. 156, pi. 3, fig. 24, 1878. 

Egger, K. bayer. Akad. Wiss., Math.-naturh. Abt., Abh.,

Kl. 2, vol. 21, p. 46, pi. 16, figs. 17, 18, 1899; Naturw. Ver.

Regensburg Ber., vol. 12, 1907-09, p. 13, pi. 5, figs. 20, 21,

31 (1910). 

Franke, Greifswald Univ., Geol.-paleont. Inst., Abh., vol. 6,

p. 20, pi. 2, fig. 6, 1925. 

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 2,

pt. 4, p. 88, pi. 12, fig. 4, 1927. 

Franke, Preuss. geol. Landesanstalt Abh., new ser., vol. Ill,

p. 152, pi. 13, fig. 3, 1928. 

Cushman and Campbell, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research

Contr., vol. 11, p. 73, pi. 11, fig. 9, 1935. 

Cushman, idem, Special Pub. 9, p. 39, pi. 5, figs. 29, 30, 1937.

Test elongate, about 3 times as long as broad, much 

compressed, periphery subacute, the early portion dentate; chambers very slightly overlapping, increasing 

rather regularly in size as added, distinct, slightly inflated, oblique, in the early portion with the peripheral 

basal margin of each with a distinct angular projection; 

sutures distinct, slightly depressed, strongly oblique, 

nearly straight; wall smooth, rather coarsely perforate; 

aperture elongate, narrow, tending in the adult to become 

somewhat terminal. Length 0.35 to 0.40 mm.; breadth 

0.15 mm., thickness 0.05 to 0.08 mm.

This species was described by Ehrenberg from the 

Upper Cretaceous of Europe, and it is recorded from 

numerous localities, as noted in the references given 

above. The species seems to be very rare, being found 

as single specimens in the upper beds of Navarro age. 

It is present in cores at a depth of 545 feet from a well 

east of Richland, Navarro County, Tex. Somewhat 

similar specimens occur in the Cretaceous of Venezuela.

Navarro age.

Kemp clay. Texas, Williamson County (12). 

Corsicana marl. Texas, Limestone County (29); Travis County

(37, 38); Caldwell County (44).

Prairie Bluff chalk. Mississippi, Chickasaw County (85). Alabama, Sumter County (101).
128 UPPER CRETACEOUS FORAMINIFERA OF GULF COASTAL REGION

Bolivina cretosa Cushman

Plate 53, figures 14-17 

Bolivina cretosa Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Special

Pub. 6, p. 49, pi. 7, fig. 10, 1936; idem, Special Pub. 9,

p. 43, pi. 6, figs. 2-5, 1937; idem, Contr., vol. 20, p. 12,

pi. 2, fig. 27, 1944. 

Bolivina sp. Cushman, Tennessee Div. Geology Bull. 41, p. 50,

pi. 8, fig. 7, 1931.

Test fusiform, small, about twice as long as broad, 

much compressed, periphery acute; chambers distinct, 

low and broad, very slightly overlapping, increasing in 

breadth as added; sutures distinct, very slightly if at 

all depressed, often somewhat limbate, very strongly 

oblique, slightly curved; wall smooth or with occasional 

coarse punctae arranged in longitudinal lines; aperture 

narrow, elongate. Length 0.20 to 0.30 mm., breadth 0.12 

to 0.15 mm., thickness 0.05 mm.

The holotype of this species is from the Upper Cretaceous Selma chalk ^ mile west of Guys, McNairy 

County, Term. The species is very small, with very 

strongly oblique sutures and narrow chambers. It may 

be related to B. watersi Cushman, of Navarro age, and 

it is perhaps the ancestral form of that species. B. 

cretosa seems to be most common in the uppermost beds 

of Taylor age with a few specimens from beds of Ripley 

age in Tennessee.

Navarro age. 

Ripley formation. Tennessee, McNairy County (94); Henderson County (96).

Selma chalk (upper part). Tennessee, McNairy County (98). 

Taylor age. 

Upper part of Taylor marl. Texas, Red River County (108,

109); Hunt County (115); Collin County (122); Kaufman County (125-129, 131); Navarro County (132, 134);

Leon County (138); Milam County (139); Williamson

County (141, 142, 144); Travis County (145, 149); Bexar

County (152, 156, 158). 

Pecan Gap chalk member of Taylor marl. Texas, Delta County

' (165, 166). 

Selma chalk (middle part). Mississippi, Alcorn County (257);

Union County (262); Lee County (264, 265). 

Lower part of Taylor marl. Texas, Collin County (214); Kaufman County (228); Ellis County (234).

Bolivina watersi Cushman

Plate 53, figure 18

Bolivina watersi Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., 

vol. 2, p. 88, pi. 12, fig. 6, 1927; idem, Special Pub. 9, p. 41, 

.pi. 5, fig. 33, 1937.

Test minute, tapering, broadest near the apertural end, 

thickest along the median line, about 2% times as long 

as broad, periphery subacute; chambers distinct, numerous, somewhat curved, inflated, increasing rather uniformly in size as added; sutures distinct, depressed, 

strongly curved, with broad depressions between the 

chambers that are due to the somewhat tumid form of 

the base of the chambers; wall rather coarsely perforate, 

deeply indented over the upper part of each chamber; 

aperture narrow, elongate. Length 0.25 mm., breadth 

0.10 to 0.12 mm.

The types of this species are from the Upper Cretaceous Navarro formation east of Richland, Navarro 

County, Tex. It is very small and easily overlooked, 

but it keeps its distinctive characters, which should easily 

identify it. The ornamentation is somewhat variable, 

some of the best preserved specimens showing numerous 

longitudinal costae over the surface of the chambers. 

as indicated in the figure. The species is most common 

in the beds of Navarro age, particularly the portion 

below the horizons of the Nacatoch sand, although there 

are rare specimens from the upper Navarro and from

scattered localities in beds of Taylor age. It may be 

that this species should be considered a variety of 

Bolivina linearis (Ehrenberg) Marsson.

Navarro age.

Kemp clay. Texas, Falls County (9); Guadalupe County (18). 

Corsicana marl. Texas, Falls County (32). 

Prairie Bluff chalk. Mississippi, Chickasaw County (86). 

Neylandville marl. Texas, Red River County (50); Delta 

County (52); Hunt County (54); Navarro County (68, 

69).

Taylor marl. 

Upper part. Texas, Red River County (107); Lamar County

(110); Bexar County (160, 161).

Wolfe City sand member.. Texas, Collin County (183). 

Lower part. Texas, Delta County (206).

Bolivina pondi Cushman

Plate 53, figure 19

Bolivina pondi Cushman, Tennessee Div. Geology Bull. 41, p. 50, 

pi. 8, figs. 5a, b, 1931; Cushman Lab. Foram. Research 

Special Pub. 9, p. 43, pi. 6, fig. 1, 1937.

Test elongate, about S1/? times as long as broad, somewhat compressed, periphery broadly rounded, sides nearly 

parallel for most of their length after the early triangular 

portion; chambers distinct, increasing in height toward 

the apertural end, slightly overlapping, somewhat inflated; sutures distinct, slightly depressed, strongly 

oblique, slightly curved; wall ornamented Avith fine 

longitudinal costae, stronger toward the base and becoming obsolescent toward the apertural end; aperture 

narrow, elongate, widest at the upper end. Length 0.40 

mm., breadth 0.12 mm., thickness 0.05 mm.

The types are from the Upper Cretaceous Ripley 

formation on the New Corinth highway IS1/^ miles south 

of Selmer, McNairy County, Tenn. (94). There are no 

further records for this species, ! although specimens are 

fairly numerous at the type locality.

Bolivina selmaensis Cushman

Plate 53, figure 20 

Bolivina selmaensis Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research

Special Pub. 9, p. 42, pi. 5, fig. 37, 1937. 

Bolivina tenuis Marsson var. selmaensis Cushman, Tennessee Div.

Geology Bull. 41, p. 49, pi. 8, figs. 6a, b, 1931.

Test about ll/2 times as long as broad, much compressed, periphery subacute; chambers distinct, few in 

number, elongate, very slightly overlapping, much 

broader than high, slightly inflated; sutures distinct, 

slightly depressed, strongly oblique; wall smooth, except 

the early portion, which has irregular longitudinal costae 

very slightly developed; aperture narrow, in the median 

line, the inner end slightly expanded.

The holotype of this species is from the Upper Cretaceous Selma chalk on the New Corinth highway 13l/2 

miles south of Selmer, McNairy County, Tenn. (94). 

It has not been found elsewhere. The species somewhat 

"esembles Marsson's Bolivina tenuis from the Upper 

Cretaceous of northern Germany, but our species is less 

"egular and is distinctly ornamented.

Bolivina velascoensis Cushman

Plate 53, figure 21

Bolivina velascoensis Cushman, Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists 

Bull., vol. 10, p. 586, pi. 16, figs, la, b, 1926; Cushman Lab. 

Foram. Research Contr., vol. 2, pt. 4, p. 88, 1927; idem, 

Special Pub. 9, p. 41, pi. 5, fig. 32, 1937.

Test about twice as long as broad, strongly compressed, 

sides parallel for most of their length, initial portion 

triangular, periphery rounded; chambers fairly distinct,
129

numerous, broader than high, increasing in height toward 

the apcrtural end, strongly overlapping, very slightly inflated; sutures fairly distinct, strongly oblique, earlier 

ones curved, with an irregular sculpture, later sutures 

depressed; wall smooth except for the peculiar ornamentations over the sutures, rather coarsely punctate; 

aperture elongate, elliptical. Length 0.50 mm., breadth 

0.25 mm., thickness 0.05 mm.

The types of this species are from the Upper Cretaceous Velasco shale in well samples from Hacienda el 

Limon, Vera Cruz, Mexico. There are no other records 

of its occurrence. The holotype is here refigured.

Boliviiiu explicata Cushman and Hedberg

Plate 53, figures 22, 23 

Bolivina explicata Cushman and Hedberg, Cushman Lab. Foram.

Research Contr., vol. 6, p. 66, pi. 9, figs. 8, 9, 1930. 

Cushman, idem, Special Pub. 9, p. 42, pi. 5, figs. 35, 36, 1937.

Test very stout, greatest breadth near the apertural 

end, thence gradually tapering to the initial end, in end 

view nearly circular; chambers fairly distinct, biserial, 

with the basal portion extended into numerous fingerlike processes with deep depressions between, apertural 

face somewhat smooth; sutures fairly distinct, following 

the line of the depressions and passing under the fingerlike processes; wall very coarsely perforated; aperture at 

the base of the apertural face, but in adults becoming 

somewhat terminal. Length 0.80 mm., diameter 0.50 mm.

The types of this species are from the Upper Cretaceous Colon shale, Department of Escuque, State of 

Trujillo, Venezuela.

In some respects this species resembles species of Loxostoma, and perhaps should be included in that genus, 

as the aperture in the largest forms becomes nearly 

terminal. It also resembles Bolivinoides in the thickened last chamber; but the early chambers are not distinct enough to show its full development. It is related 

to some of the large forms of the Upper Cretaceous of 

Texas but is much more highly developed than any of 

these.

Oenus LOXOSTOMA Ehrenberg, 1854 

Loxostoma cushmani Wickenden

Plate 53, figures 24-31 

Loxostormtm cushmani Wickenden, Royal Soc. Canada Trans.,

3d ser., vol. 26, sec. 4, p. 91, pi. 1, figs. 6a, b, 1932. 

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Special Pub. 9,

p. 171, pi. 20, figs. 9-13, 1937. 

Cushman and Deaderick, idem, Contr., vol. 18, p. 63, pi. 15,

figs. 11-13, 1942. 

Cushman, idem, vol. 20, p. 12, pi. 2, fig. 28, 1944; idem, vol.

20, p. 94, pi. 14, fig. 17.

Loxostomum clavatum Cushman (not Cushman, 1927), Jour. 

Paleontology, vol. 6, p. 340, pi. 51, figs. 8a, b, 1932.

Test elongate, narrow, slightly tapering, very little if 

at all compressed, periphery broadly rounded, earlier 

portion distinctly biserial, tending to become uniserial 

in the adult; chambers distinct, particularly in the later 

portion, inflated toward the apertural end, slightly overlapping; sutures distinct, in the early portion not depressed, gradually becoming deeply depressed in the 

adult, with distinct reentrants and lobular processes 

between in the adult, sutures in the early portion nearly 

horizontal, later becoming more oblique; wall of the 

early portion either smooth or with slight longitudinal 

costae, the adult smooth except for the crenulations at 

the base of the chambers; aperture in the adult becoming 

rounded and terminal. Length up to nearly 1.00 mm., 

breadth 0.20 mm.

The types of this species are from the Upper Cretaceous 

Boyne beds 1% miles south-southwest of Treherne, Manitoba, Canada. The species was also recorded from 

localities 4^ miles west of Miami and % mile northwest 

of Babcock, Manitoba.

This is a very common species in the Upper Cretaceous of the Coastal Plain of the United States, ranging 

from the upper beds of Austin age to the upper beds of 

Taylor age, with a single record of not entirely typical 

specimens from the Saratoga chalk of Navarro age. 

This species is subject to considerable variation in the 

surface characters, but the general shape and development of the test remains constant. In its earliest development specimens frequently do not show any of the. 

reentrants at the base of the chambers and tend somewhat less to become uniserial. As the species developed 

in the upper beds of Austin age, however, the full characters were taken on and continue through to the Taylor. 

The species is closely related to L. clavatum (Cushman) 

Cushman, which occurs, in its typical form only in the 

Taylor marl. The distinction between the two at some 

localities is more or less bridged over by intermediate 

forms.

Navarro age. Saratoga chalk. Arkansas, Hempstead County (80). 

Taylor age. ,. 

Upper part of Taylor marl. Texas, Limestone County (136);

Leon County (138).

Anacacho limestone (upper part). Texas, Bexar County (164). 

Pecan Gap chalk member of Taylor marl. Texas, Collin County

(169, 171); Kaufman County (173); Rockwall County

(175); Delta County (166). 

Wolfe City sand member of Taylor marl. Texas, Collin County

(180).

Annona chalk. Texas, Red River County (192-194, 198). 

Lower part of Taylor marl. Texas, Red River County (199); 

. Lamar County (201, 202); Fannin County (203, 204);

CoHin County (207, 210, 212, 214, 215); Dallas County

(220, 222, 226); Kaufman County (228, 229); Ellis County

(231); Hill County (237); McLennan County (238-242);

Bell County (245); Travis County (247, 249, 250); Comal

County (251). 

Austin age. 

Gober tongue of Austin chalk. Texas, Fannin County (274-276,

279); Lamar County'(283, 287, 288).

Austin chalk. Texas, Collin County (295); Bell County (316). 

Selma chalk of upper Austin age. Alabama, Pickens County

(352). 

Brownstown marl. Texas, Red River County (318); Lamar

County (320, 321). .Arkansas, Sevier County. 

Ector tongue of Austin chalk. Texas, Grayson County (332). 

Selma chalk (lower part). Mississippi, Lee County (350); Itawamba County (351).

Loxostoma gemmum (Cushman) Cushman

Plate 54, figures 1-3 

Bolivina gemma Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr.,

vol. 2, pt. 4, p. 87, pi. 12, figs. 3a, b, 1927. 

Loxostoma gemmum Cushman, idem, Special Pub. 9, p. 172, pi. 20,

figs. 14-16, 1937.

Test elongate, somewhat tapering, compressed, periphery rounded, biserial throughout, slightly twisted in the 

earlier portion; chambers distinct, numerous, increasing 

rather regularly in size and breadth as added, very 

slightly inflated in the adult; sutures distinct, somewhat 

limbate, very slightly depressed toward the periphery, 

the inner margin raised, forming a zigzag row of beadlike 

ornamentations of clear shell material, particularly in 

the earlier half of the test; wall thick, very finely perforate, smooth except for the beaded ornamentation, 

occasionally with fine striations toward the base; aperture elongate, elliptical, somewhat curved, in the adult
130 UPPER CRETACEOUS FORAMINIFERA OF GULF COASTAL REGION ,

-becoming terminal. Length up to 1.00 mm., breadth 

0.30 mm., thickness 0.12 to 0.15 mm.

The types of this species are from the Upper Cretaceous Arkadelphia clay 7 miles north by west of Hope, 

Hempstead County, Ark. The species "is limited to the 

upper beds of Navarro age. It is distinctly ornamented 

and makes an excellent marker for this part of the 

section.

Navarro age. 

Kemp clay. Texas, Travis County (17); Guadalupe County

(18, 21).

Arkadelphia marl. Arkansas, Hempstead County (70, 72, 73). 

Prairie Bluff chalk. Mississippi, Chickasaw County (87). 

Selma chalk (upper part). Mississippi, Union County (92).

Loxostoma clavalum (Cushnian) Cushnian

Plate 54, figures 4-9 

Bolivina clavata Cushman, Cushnian Lab. Foram. Research Contr.,

vol. 2, pt. 4, p. 87, pi. 12, figs. 5a, b, 1927. 

Loxostoma clavatum (Cushman) Cushman, Jour. Paleontology,

vol. 6, p. 340, pi. 51, figs. 8a, b, 1932; Cushman Lab. Foram.

Research Special Pub. 9, p. 171, pi. 20, figs. 6-8, 1937;

idem, Contr., vol. 20, p. 94, pi. 14, fig. 16, 1944.

Test elongate, very tapering, club-shaped, the lastformed portion nearly circular in section, periphery broadly rounded, early portion somewhat twisted, biserial 

throughout; chambers numerous, distinct, the later chambers somewhat inflated, the lower margin with backwardly projecting, short, blunt lobes, with depressed 

areas between, increasing rapidly in size in the adult, 

somewhat overlapping; sutures fairly distinct, early sutures about at right angles to the periphery, later slightly 

oblique; wall finely perforate, the earlier chambers finely 

pitted in longitudinal lines, in-the adult smooth except 

for the crenulations at the base of the chambers; aperture elongate, ovate, the broadest end in the apertural 

face, in the adult becoming cut off from the base of the 

chamber and tending to become terminal. Length up 

to 1.00 mm., diameter 0.25 mm.

The types of this species are from the Taylor marl in 

the clay pit of the Dallas Brick. Co., % mile west of 

Mesquite, Tex. The species is largely limited to the 

lower beds of Taylor age.

As already noted under Loxostoma cushmani Wickenden, that species is closely related to L. clavatum, 

although the difference in shape, the greater tendency for 

the former to become uniserial, and the greater development of the crenulations in the latter seem to distinguish 

the two. The two species very seldom occur together. 

Still greater, development of a crenulated margin and 

enlarged test in the adult is seen in the species here 

notecl as Bolivina explicata Cushman and Hedberg. It 

may be that more material of B. explicata will show 

that it is a Loxostoma.

NavaiTO age. Ripley formation. Tennessee, Henderson County

(96).

Taylor marl, lower part. Texas, Collin County (207, 211-214); 

Dallas County (220-223, 226); Kaufman County (229); 

Ellis County (230-232); Navarro County (236); Hill 

County (237); McLennan County (242). 

Austin chalk.

Gober tongue. Texas, Fannin County (281). 

Ector tongue. Texas, Grayson County (332). 

Selma chalk (lower part). Mississippi, Itawamba County (351).

Loxostoma plaitum (Carsey) Cushman

Plate 54, figures 10-14 

Bolivina plaitum Carsey, Texas Univ. Bull. 2612, p. 26, pi. 4, fig. 2,

1926.

Berry and Kelley, U. S: Nat. Mus. Proc., vol. 76, art. 19, p. 4, 

pi. 1, fig. 14, 1929.

Loxostoma plaitum Cushman, Tennessee Div. Geology Bull. 41,

p. 51, pi. 8, fig. 9, 1931; Geol. Soc. America Bull., vol. 47,

p. 419, pi. 1, figs. lOa, b, 1936. 

Loetterle, Nebraska Geol. Survey Bull., 2d ser., Bull. 12,

p. 61, pi. 11, fig. 1, 1937. 

Loxostoma plaitum Plummer, Texas Univ. Bull. 3101, p. 182,

pi. 10, figs. 5-7, 1921. 

Sandidge, Am. Midland Naturalist, vol. 13, px 363, pi. 31.

fig. 22, 1932. 

Jennings, Bull. Am. Paleontology, vol. 23, No. 78, p. 31, pi. 3,

fig. 23, 1936. 

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Special Pub. 9.

p. 169, pi. 20, figs. 1-4, 1937. 

Cushman and Hedberg, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research

Contr., vol. 17, p. 95, pi. 23, fig. 1, 1941. 

Cushman and Todd, idem, vol. 19, p. 67, pi. 11, fig. 26, 1943. 

Cushman, idem, vol. 20, p. 93, pi. 14, fig. 15,, 1944. 

Cushman and Deaderick, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 18, p. 338.

pi. 53, fig. 13, 1944.

Test 5 to 6 times as long as broad in the adult, 

elongate, slender, slightly tapering, greatest breadth 

toward the apertural end, slightly twisted, compressed, 

tending to become somewhat uniserial in the adult, 

periphery rounded; chambers numerous, distinct, increasing rather rapidly in height toward the apertural end; 

earlier chambers biserial, inflated slightly if at all, later 

chambers strongly inflated and failing to completely 

reach across the test; sutures distinct, slightly depressed, 

often somewhat limbate, earlier sutures strongly oblique, 

slightly curved, later sutures strongly curved; wall 

smooth, finely perforate; aperture tending to become 

terminal in the adult, narrowly ovate. Length 0.50 to 

0.75 mm., breadth 0.12 to 0.15 mm., thickness 0.08 to 

0.10 mm.

The types of this species are from lower Navarro 

clays in a steep 80-foot slope on the right bank of Onion 

Creek just east of the bridge (known as Jones Crossing) 

on the Austin-Bastrop highway, Travis County, Tex. 

The species is abundant in beds of Navarro age and 

widely distributed, somewhat less common in the upper 

beds of Taylor age. It is present, in material of Navarro 

age from Georges Bank in the western Atlantic Ocean 

and in the upper zone of the Colon shale of Colombia.

The form in the uppermost beds of Navarro age tends 

to become broader, but it tends less strongly toward 

the uniserial condition. There is considerable range in 

the adult in the number of chambers that become high 

and inflated.

Navarro age.

Kemp clay. Texas, Navarro County (7); Williamson County

(12); Guadalupe County (21). 

Corsicana marl. Texas, Bowie County (23); Hunt County (24);

Navarro County (25-28); Limestone County (29-31);

Falls County (32); Travis County (34-43); Caldwell

County (44).

Arkadelphia marl. Arkansas, Hempstead County (71). 

Owl Creek formation. Mississippi, Tippah County (83). 

Prairie Bluff chalk. Mississippi, Chickasaw County (84-86).

Alabama, Wilcox County (99, 100); Sumter County (101-

103).

Nacatoch sand. Texas, Bowie County (47). 

Ripley formation. Mississippi, Pontotoc County (90). Tennessee, McNairy County (94, 95, 97); Henderson County

(96). 

Selma chalk (upper part). Mississippi, Union County (92).

Tennessee, McNairy County (98). Alabama, Marengo

County (104). 

Neylandville marl. Texas, Red River County (50); Delta

County (51, 52); Hunt County (53-55); Rockwall County

(57); Kaufman County (58, 62); Navarro County (64-

66, 68, 69). 

Saratoga chalk. Arkansas, Clark County (78).
ELLIPSOIDINIDAE 131

Taylor age. 

Upper part of Taylor marl. Texas, Red River County (106,

107); Lamar County (110); Delta County (114); Collin

County (118, 122); Kaufman County (125-129); Navarro

County (134); Leon County (138); Travis County (149);

Bexar County (152, 156, 158). 

Marlbrook marl. Arkansas, Howard County. 

Selma chalk (middle part). Mississippi, Alcom County (257);

Prentiss County (261); Lee County (265, 266). 

Lower part of Taylor marl. Texas, Delta County (206); Collin

County (207, 212); Ellis County (230); Bell County (245). 

Austin age. Selma chalk (lower part). Mississippi, Lee County

(350).

Loxostoma plaituni (Carsey) Cushman var. limbosum 

Cushman

Plate 54, figure 15 

Loxostoma plaitum (Carsey) Cushman var. limbosum Cushman,

Tennessee Div. Geology Bull. 41, p. 52, pi. 8, fig. 10, 1931;

Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Special Pub. 9, p. 170,

pi. 20, fig. 5, 1937. 

Cushman and Todd, idem, Contr., vol. 19, p. 67, pi. 11, fig.

27, 1943. 

Bolivina plaita Berry and Kelley, U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc., vol. 76,

art. 19, p. 4, pi. 1, fig. 14, 1929! 

Loxostomum plaitum Cushman (not Carsey), Jour. Paleontology,

vol. 5, p. 310, pi. 33, figs. N16a, b, 1931.

Variety differing from the typical form in the sutures, 

which, particularly in the early portion, are very strongly 

limbate and raised.

The holotype of this variety is from the Selma chalk 

on the New Corinth highway 13% miles south of Selmer, 

McNairy County, Tenn. The variety is more common 

than the typical form at some localities in the lower 

and middle beds of Navarro age.

Navarro age. 

Kemp clay. Texas, Williamson County (11); Travis County

(17). 

Corsicana marl. Texas, Limestone County (29, 30); Milam

County (33); Bexar County (46). 

Nacatoch sand. Texas, Bowie County (47, 48). 

Ripley formation. Tennessee, McNairy County (94, 95). 

Selma chalk (upper part). Tennessee, McNairy County (98). 

Saratoga chalk. Arkansas. Clark County (78); Hempstead

County (80, 81).

Loxostoma minutissimum Cushman

Plate 54, figure 16

Loxostoma minutissimum Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 14, p. 45, pi. 7, fig. 19, 1938.

Test minute, elongate, about 3 times as long as broad, 

somewhat compressed periphery slightly lobulate, 

rounded in end view; chambers distinct, early chambers 

much broader than high, in the adult much higher than 

broad, later chambers inflated; sutures distinct, slightly 

depressed, earlier sutures strongly oblique, later sutures 

strongly curved; wall smooth; aperture in the adult 

terminal, oval, with a distinct lip. Length 0.25 to 0.30 

mm., breadth 0.10 to 0.12 mm., thickness 0.07 to 0.08 

mm.

The types are from the lower part of the Taylor marl, 

east bank of a road cut near the crest of a hill 14.4 miles 

south of Paris and 0.9 mile north of Lake City, Delta 

County, Tex. (206).

This species differs from L. plaitum (Carsey) Cushman in the smaller size, fewer chambers, and rapid increase in relative height of the adult chambers.

It is abundant at the type locality but on account of 

its small size may be easily overlooked.

Loxostoma limonense (Cushman) Cushman

Plate 54, figure 17

Bolivina incrassata Reuss var. limonensis Cushman, Cushman Lab. 

Foram. Research Contr., vol. 2, pt. 1, p. 19, pi. 2, fig. 2, 

' 1926.

Loxostomum plaitum Cushman and Jarvis (not Carsey), U. S. 

Nat. Mus. Proc., vol. 80, art. 14, p. 44, pi. 13, fig. 7, 1932. 

Loxostomum limonense Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research 

Special Pub. 9, p. 173, pi. 20, fig. 28, 1937.

Test often 5 times as long as broad, very elongate, 

slender, tapering, compressed, periphery rounded; chambers numerous, somewhat overlapping, for the most part 

increasing rather uniformly in size as added, the lastformed chambers in the adult often much higher than the 

previous chambers and slightly inflated; sutures distinct, 

very slightly if at all depressed except in the last-formed 

portion, where they are rather strongly depressed and 

somewhat strongly curved, in the earlier portion nearly 

straight and oblique; wall smooth, finely perforate; aperture elongate, narrow, tending to become terminal in the 

adult. Length 1.50 mm., breadth 0.30 mm., thickness 

0.18 mm.

The types are from the Upper Cretaceous Mendez 

shale near Guerrero, San Luis Potosi, Mexico. The 

species occurs in well samples from Mendez and Velasco 

shales in Hacienda ,el Limon, San Luis Potosi, Mexico, 

and in typical form in the Upper Cretaceous of Lizard 

Springs, near Guayaguayare, southeastern Trinidad. 

This species has not yet been found in the Coastal Plain 

of the United States.

Genus BIFABINA Parker and Jones, 1872 

Bifarina saxipara (Ehrenberg) Parker and Jones

Plate 54, figure 18 

Dimorphina 'saxipara Ehrenberg, Mikrogeologie, pi. 32, pt. ii, fig.

27, 1854. 

Bijarina saxipara Parker and Jones, Annals and Mag. Nat. History,

ser. 4, vol. 10, p. 198, 1872.

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Special Pub. 4, 

pi. 28, fig. 1, 1933; idem, Special Pub. 9, p. 197, pi. 22, 

fig. 27, 1937.

This is the genotype species of Bijarina. A copy is 

given of the original figure from the Cretaceous of Mississippi. It is a figure of a specimen imbedded in 

balsam and viewed by transmitted light and is very 

unsatisfactory. It may even possibly be a Rectogumbelina, Nodosarella, or another such form. It must be 

left as very problematical.

Family ELLIPSOIDINIDAE

Genus PLEUROSTOMELLA, Reuss, 1860

Pleuroslomella austinana Cushman

Plate 54, figures 19-21

Pleurostomella austinana Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 9, p. 64, pi. 7, fig. 13, 1933. 

Loetterle, Nebraska Geol. Survey Bull., 2d ser., Bull. 12, 

p. 40, pi. 6, fig. 4, 1937.

Test very elongate, slender, periphery broadly rounded; 

chambers loosely biserial in the adult, inflated, increasing 

in length as added; sutures distinct, strongly depressed; 

wall smooth, very finely perforate; aperture ovate, the 

greatest breadth toward the outer end, the basal portion 

somewhat contracted, with small, flattened, toothlike 

projections at either side near the base. Length 0.40 

mm., diameter 0.08 mm.

The holotype is from the Austin chalk in a road cut 

between two railroad underpasses on the north edge 

"of the town of Ho we, Gray son County, Tex.

This is a very long, slender species tending toward
132 UPPER CRETACEOUS FORAMINIFERA OF GULF COASTAL REGION

Nodosarella in its development, the chambers, except the 

very early ones, being loosely biserial. There are numerous records from the Austin chalk of Texas. The species 

apparently occurs in v the Niobrara chalk of Kansas, 

Nebraska, and South Dakota.

Austin age. 

Austin chalk. Texas, Collin County (292); Grayson County

(333-335); Dallas County (296-298, 308, 311, 344); Hill

County (314). 

Ector tongue of Austin chalk. Texas, Grayson County (332).

Pleurostomella waters! Cushnian

Plate 54, figures 22, 23

Pleurostomella watersi Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research 

Contr., vol. 9, p. 63, pi. 7, figs. 11, 12, 1933.

Test elongate, slender, gradually increasing in breadth 

toward the apertural end, periphery broadly rounded, 

sides somewhat lobulate; chambers distinct, inflated, 

increasing in height and size toward the apertural end, 

biserial, but the axis somewhat twisted; sutures distinct, 

strongly depressed; wall smooth, very finely perforate; 

aperture large, often slightly higher than broad, the 

base somewhat contracted into flat toothlike projections. 

Length 0.50 to 0.60 mm., breadth 0.13 to 0.15 mm., 

thickness 0.10 to 0.12 mm.

The holotype is from the Bonham marl in a roadside 

ditch 7.8 miles south of Sherman, Grayson County, Tex. 

(328).

This is a distinctive species of the Austin with its shape 

somewhat clavate, especially marked in the microspheric 

form, and its aperture large and high.

Austin age.

Austin chalk. Texas, Dallas County (298, 338); Grayson County (335). 

Bonham marl. Texas, Grayson County (328).

Pleurostomella iiitida Morrow

Plate 54, figure 24

Pleurostomella nitida Morrow, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 8, p. 196, 

pi. 30, figs. 22a, b, 1934.

Test elongate, somewhat compressed, front view, narrow, the sides nearly straight and tapering slightly; 

chambers few, inflated, later chambers rather elongate, 

apertural end of the last-formed chambers somewhat 

extended, face appearing sigmoidally curved as seen from 

side view; sutures distinct, depressed; wall smooth, finely 

perforate; aperture subterminal, elliptical, apparently 

not toothed. Length 0.58 mm., breadth 0.13 mm., thickness 0.12 mm.

The holotype is from the Hartland shale member of 

the Greenhorn formation, sec. 31, T. 21 S., R. 22 W., 

Hodgeman County, Kans. The specimens from the 

Austin chalk noted below are probably this species.

Austin chalk. . Texas, Collin County (294).

Pleurostomella subiiodosa Reuss

Plate 55, figures 1-9 

Pleurostomella subnodosa Reuss, Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-naturwiss. Kl., Sitzungsber., vol. 40, p. 204, pi. 8, fig. 2, 1860;

idem, vol. 46, pt. 1, 1862, p. 59 (1863); idem, vol. 52,

pt. 1, p. 453, 1865. 

Beissel, Preuss. geol. Landesanstalt Abh., new ser., vol. 3,

p. 64, pi. 12, figs. 30-38, 1891. 

Egger, K. bayer. Akad. Wiss., Math.-naturh. Abt., Abh.,

Kl. 2, vol. 21, pt. 1, p. 48, pi. 16, figs. 27, 28, 1899. 

Heron-Alien and Earland, Ro3ral Micr. Soc. Jour., p. 411,

pi. 11, fig. 3, 1910. 

Franke, Greifswald Univ., Geol.-paleont. Inst., Abh., vol. 6,

p. 22, pi. 2, figs, lla, b, 1925.

Chapman, New Zealand Geol. Survey Paleontology Bull. 11,

p. 41, .pi. 9, fig. 10, 1926. 

Cushman and Harris, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research

Contr., vol. 3, p. 131, pi. 25, figs. 23, 26, 1927. 

Franke, Preuss. geol. Landesanstalt Abh., new ser., vol. Ill,

p. 129, pi. 11, figs. 28a, b, 1928.

White, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 3, p. 53, pi. 5, fig. 15, 1929. 

Cushman, idem, vol. 6, p. 341, pi. 51, figs. 9-11, 1932. 

Cole, Florida Dept. Cons. Geol. Bull. 16, p. 35, pi. 4, fig. 7,

1938.

Macfadyen, Geol. Mag., vol. 79, p. 139 (list), 1942. 

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 20,

p. 13, pi. 2, fig. 29, 1944.

Test elongate, tapering from the initial end to the 

greatest breadth at the last-formed chamber; early chambers completely biserial, later chambers becoming irregularly uniserial; chambers distinct, nearly -circular 

in transverse section, somewhat inflated; sutures distinct, 

slightly depressed, the later sutures only slightly oblique; 

wall smooth, finely perforate; aperture at the side of the 

chamber, with an overhanging lip and an interior flat 

tooth. Length up to 1.10 mm., breadth 0.20 to 0.22 mm.

This species has been widely recorded, but the foregoing references are accompanied by figures that seem 

to belong here. It occurs in Europe in the upper part 

of the Cretaceous and in the American Cretaceous only 

in the Taylor marl, the Pecan Gap chalk, Annona chalk, 

and Wolfe City sand. Cole records it from the Selma 

chalk of well samples from Florida. It also occurs in 

the Mendez shale of the Tampico Embayment region of 

Mexico.

Taylor age. 

Upper part of Taylor marl. Texas, Red River County (105-

107); Lamar County (110, 111); Hunt County (115);

Collin County (118, 119, 121); Williamson County (140). 

Pecan Gap chalk member of Taylor marl. Texas, Hunt County

(168); Collin County (169. 171, 172); Delta County

(165, 166). 

Wolfe City sand member of Taylor marl. Texas, Collin County

(181, 183). . Annona chalk. Texas, Bowie Count3' (189, 190). 

Lower part of Taylor marl. Texas, Delta County (206); Ellis

County (234).

Pleurostomella subnodosa Reuss var. gigantia White

Plate 55, figure 10

Pleurostomella subnodosa Reuss var. gigantia White, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 3; p. 53, pi. 5, fig. 16, 1929.

Under this name White figures a form from the Upper 

Cretaceous of the Tampico- Embayment region of Mexico 

that is close to P. torta Cushman. A copy of White's 

figure is given here.

Pleurostomella clavata Cushman

Plate 54, figure 25

Pleurostomella clavata Cushman, Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., vol. 10, p. 590, pi. 16, fig. 5, 1926. 

Cushman and Harris, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research

Contr., vol. 3, p. 132, pi. 25, fig. 19, 1927. 

White, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 3, p. 52, pi. 5, fig. 14, 1928. 

Cushman and Jarvis, U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc., vol. 80, art. 14, 

p. 44, pi. 13, figs. 8a, b, 1932.

Test somewhat fusiform, nearly circular in transverse 

section, greatest diameter toward the apertural end, composed of a few chambers, periphery very slightly, if at 

all, lobulate; sutures distinct but not depressed; wall 

smooth, finely perforate; aperture at the base of the lastformed chamber, very large, arched. Length 0.65 to 

1.00 mm., diameter 0.25 to 0.45 mm.

The holotype is from the Velasco shale in the well 

of the Marland Oil Co. of Mexico, Franco-Espanola No.
ELLIPSOIDINIDAE 133

5., at 375 feet. Hacienda el Limon, Vera Cruz, Mexico. 

It also occurs in the Upper Cretaceous of Trinidad from 

a pit at Lizard Springs, near Guayaguayare, southeastern 

Trinidad, and Calex C well at 116 feet at Lizard Springs.

I'lcurostomella torta Cushman

Plate 55, figure 11 

Pleurostomella tori a Cushman, Cushman Lab. -Foram. Research

Contr., vol. 2, pt. 1, p. 18, pi. 2, fig. 7; 1926. 

Cushman and Harris, idem, vol. 3, p. 132, pi. 25, fig. 16, 1927.

Test large, subcylindrical, composed of few chambers, 

sides nearly parallel, slightly lobate, circular in transverse section; chambers biserial throughout, the axis of 

the early portion somewhat twisted; sutures distinct, 

limbate, slightly depressed; wall smooth; aperture 

elliptical with a slight lip and a platelike tooth with a. 

central indentation. Maximum length 2.10 mm., maximum breadth 0.65 mm.

The holotype is from the Upper Cretaceous Mendez 

shale east of Pujal, San Luis Potosi, Mexico.

This is one of the largest species of the genus and is 

characterized by the distinctly limbate sutures and in 

many of the specimens by the peculiarly twisted axis 

of the early portion.

Pleurostomella vclascocnsis Cushman

Plate 55, figure 12

Pleurostomella velancoensis Cushman, Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., vol. 10, p. 590, pi. 16, figs. 4a, b, 1926. ' 

Cushman and Harris, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research 

Contr., vol. 3, p. 132, pi. 25, fig. 20, 1927.

Test elongate, composed of few chambers, biserial 

throughout, inflated, the periphery lobulate; sutures distinct, depressed except in the early portion; wall smooth, 

finely perforate; the aperture becoming nearly terminal, 

the inner border cut down to the previously formed chamber. Length 0.80 mm., breadth 0.25 mm., thickness 

0.25 mm.

The holotype is from the Velasco shale in the well of 

the Marland. Oil Co. of Mexico, Franco-Espanola No. 

5, at 270 feet, Hacienda el Limon, Vera Cruz, Mexico.

This species is unusual for this genus, which usually 

lias the aperture open and at one side rather than 

terminal. It somewhat resembles figures which Egger 

has referred to Pleurostomella alternans Schwager but 

which are evidently not that species. His specimens 

were from the Upper Cretaceous of Bavaria.

Genus ELLIPSOPLEUROSTOMELLA A. Silvestri, 1903 

Ellipsopleurostomella curta Cushman

Plate 55, figures 13, 14

Ellipsopleurostomella curta Cushman, Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., vol. 10, p. 590, pi. 16, figs. 6a, b, 1926. 

Cushman and Jarvis, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., 

vol. 4, p. 102, pi. 14, figs. 18, 19, 1928; U. S. Nat. Mus. 

Proc., vol. SO, art. 14, p. 45, pi. 13, figs. 9, 10, 1932.

Test short and stout, composed of a very few chambers somewhat inflated; the sutures distinct, but very 

slightly, if at all depressed; wall smooth and finely 

perforate; aperture an elongate, narrow, curved slit, as 

is usual in the genus. Length 0.45 mm., breadth 0.25 

mm., thickness 0.25 mm.

The holotype is from the Velasco shale in the well of 

the Marland Oil Co., of Mexico, Franco-Espanola No. 

5, at 445 feet, Hacienda el Limon, Vera Cruz, Mexico.

This species is very short and stout but has the 

characteristic aperture of the genus.

It occurs in typical form in the Upper Cretaceous beds 

in the pit at Lizard Springs, near Guayaguayare, southeastern Trinidad.

Genus NODOSARELLA Rzehak, 1895 

Nodosarella coalingensis Cushman and Church

Plate 55, figures 15, 16

Nodosarella coalingensis Gushman and Church, California Acad.

Sci. Proc., 4th ser., vol. 18, p. 514, pi. 39, figs. 20-22, 1929.

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Special Pub. 5,

pi. 28, fig. 27. 1933; Foraminifera, Ed. 3, Key, pi. 28, fig.

27, 1940. -

Test elongate, tapering, greatest breadth made by the 

last-formed chamber; early chambers biserial, later 

chambers irregularly uniserial; sutures distinct, depressed; wall smooth throughout; aperture terminal, 

semicircular with a curved portion forming the inner 

margin and standing well above the general contour of 

the apertural end of the test, which is somewhat drawn 

out. Length of largest specimen 1.15 mm., diameter 

0.40 mm.

The holotype is from the Upper Cretaceous beds in the 

California Northern Petroleum Co.'s Well 19, sec. 2, T, 

21 S., R. 14 E., Mount Diablo meridian, Fresno County, 

Calif., at a depth of 1,135 feet.

This is a much more tapering species than others of the 

genus. The early biserial portion includes several chambers, and when the irregular uniserial chambers are added 

they at once begin to enlarge greatly in size over the 

earlier ones. Rare specimens in our Upper Cretaceous 

material seem identical with this species. Two of these 

are figured, one showing the long, slender, apertural neck.

Upper Cretaceous, Mendez shale. South of Rancho Nuevo, Tamuin River, and km. 569.6 on Panuco-San Luis Potosi 

railroad, Mexico.

Nodosarella texana Cushman

Plate 55, figure 18

Nodosarella. texana Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research 

Contr., vol. 14, p. 46, pi. 8, fig. 1, 1938; idem, vol. 20, p. 94, 

pi. 14, fig. 18, 1944.

Test very slender, elongate, distinctly curved, very 

slightly tapering; chambers distinct, slightly overlapping, 

increasing rather regularly in length as added, last chambers in the adult 3 to 4 times as long as broad, very 

slightly inflated; sutures very slightly depressed in the 

later portion; wall smooth; aperture subterminal, with an 

arched, hoodlike portion over the opening. Length 1.50 

to 1.75 mm., breadth 0.15 mm.

The types are from the basal part of the Taylor marl, 

Farmersville road 5 miles east of McKinney, Collin 

County, Tex.

The species occurs in' the present material only at 

localities in the upper part of the Austin and in the basal 

part of the Taylor marl. It differs from N. gracillima 

Cushman in the distinctly curved test, and the chambers 

are much longer in the adult. The type locality is either 

basal Taylor or upper Austin and must be close to the 

contact.

Taylor marl, lower part. Texas. Collin County .(209); Dallas 

County (224).

Austin age.

Gober tongue of Austin chalk. Texas, Lamar County (282-284). 

Austin chalk. Texas, Dallas County (310). 

Brownstown marl. Texas, Lamar County (320). 

Selma chalk (lower part). Mississippi, Itawamba County (351).
134 UPPER CRETACEOUS FORAMINIFERA OF GULF COASTAL REGION

Nodosarella primitiva Cushman

Plate 55, figure 17

Nodosarella primitiva Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram.. Research 

Contr., vol. 14,-p. 46, pi. 8, fig. 2, 1938.

Test elongate, slightly tapering, earliest portion biserial, later uniserial; chambers distinct, inflated, increasing gradually in size as added, slightly overlapping, 

slightly longer than broad in the adult; sutures distinct, 

somewhat depressed; wall smooth; aperture terminal, 

with one side raised to form a slight hood above the 

aperture. Length 0.55 to 0.70 mm., breadth 0.15 mm.

The types are from the upper part of the Taylor marl 

along a branch of Kickapoo Creek 1,200 feet south of a 

public road 1.8 miles northwest of Annona, Red River 

County, Tex. (106).

The species occurs in the upper and middle parts of 

the Taylor marl, including the Pecan Gap chalk and 

Wolf e City sand members. Very similar forms occur in 

the Mendez shale of the Tampico Embayment region 

of Mexico, but most of the Mexican specimens are 

slightly larger than those from Texas. One of the 

Mexican specimens was figured as Ellipsosiphogenerina 

sp. (Cushman, Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., 

vol. 10, p. 591, pi. 20, fig. 12, 1926).

TV. primitiva differs from N. gracillimd Cushman in the 

shorter test, slightly more tumid and fewer chambers, 

and greater tendancy to have biserial chambers in the 

earlier portion.

The specimens I have referred to Ellipsopleurostomella 

pleurostomelloides Heron-Alien and Earland (Cushman 

Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 2, pt. 1, p. 18, pi. 

2, fig. 6, 1926) probably belong here.

Taylor marl. 

Upper part. Texas, Red River County (106); Collin County

(119, 120, 122); Travis County (145). 

Pecan Gap chalk member. Texas, Hunt County (168). 

Wolfe City sand member. Texas, Collin County (180, 183).

Nodosarella gracillima Cushman

Plate 55, figures 19-21 

Nodosarella gracillima Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research

Contr., vol. 9, p. 64, pi. 7, figs. 14a, b, 1933; idem, vol. 20,

p. 13, pi. 2, fig. 32, 1944. 

Nodosarella sp., Morrow, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 8, p. 197, pi. 29,

figs. 2, 3, 1934.

Test very elongate, slender, slightly tapering, greatest 

breadth toward the apertural end, circular in transverse 

section; early chambers biserial, later ones uniserial, 

rectilinear; chambers distinct, inflated, increasing in size 

and length toward the apertural end; sutures distinct, 

strongly depressed; wall smooth, very finely perforate; 

aperture semielliptical, at one side of the end of the 

last-formed chamber. Length 0.90 mm., diameter 0.15 

mm.

The holotype of this species is from the upper portion 

of the Austin chalk on a public road running north about 

6.5 miles east by north of Alien, Collin County,* Tex.

This very slender and distinctive form of Nodosarella 

is found at the top of the Austin chalk and in the lower 

part of the Taylor marl. It also occurs in the Niobrara 

chalk of Kansas.

Taylor marl.

Lower part. Texas, Collin County (209); Dallas County (224). 

Pecan Gap chalk member. Texas, Delta County (166). 

Austin chalk. 

Gober tongue. Texas, Fannin County (275); Lamar County

(284).

Austin chalk. Texas, Grayson County (290); Dallas County 

(326); Hill County (314).

Nodosarella striata White

Plate 55, figure 22

Nodosarella slriala White, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 3, p. 54, pi. 5, 

fig. 18, 1929.

Test elongate, rectilinear throughout; surface very finely striate. 

Height of type specimen, 0.85 mm.; greatest diameter 0.27 mm.

The type is from the Velasco shale at Columbus Station 

on the Tampico-Monterey Railroad, Mexico. 

I have not found this form elsewhere.

Genus ELLIPSONODOSA1RIA A. Silvestri, 1900 

Ellipsonodosaria minuta Cushman

Plate 56, figure 1

Ellipsonodosaria mimita Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research 

Contr., vol. 14, p. 48, pi. 8, fig. 6, 1938.

Test small, slender, slightly curved, gradually tapering 

initial end with a distinct spine; chambers distinct, later 

chambers somewhat inflated, very slightly overlapping, 

increasing very gradually in length in the adult, becoming somewhat inflated, somewhat pyriform; sutures distinct, strongly limbate, later sutures strongly depressed; 

wall of the early chambers smooth or slightly costate 

longitudinally, later becoming progressively spinose on 

the lower half of the chamber, later still in the adult 

entirely covered with short spines but not costate. 

Length up to 0.75 mm., diameter 0.07 to 0.08 mm.

The types are from the lower part of the Taylor marl 

along Bear Creek 0.8 mile south by east of Lavon, Collin 

County, Tex. (207).

This is a much smaller species than E. alexanderi 

Cushman and has the longitudinal costae more marked. 

It may be the ancestral form of that species, Which seems 

to be confined in its typical form to the upper part of 

the Taylor marl.

Ellipsonodosaria stephensoiii Cushman

Plate 56, figures 2-7

Ellipsonodosaria stephensoni Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 12, p. 52, pi. 9, figs. 10-15, 1936. 

Cushman and Todd, idem, vol. 19, p. 67, pi. 11; fig. 28, 1943. 

Cushman, idem, vol. 20, p. 94, pi. 13, figs. 31, 32, 1944. 

Cushman and Deaderick, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 18, p. 338, 

pi. 53,.figs. 14-16, 1944.

Test slightly elongate, tapering, slightly arcuate; 

chambers distinct, increasing rather rapidly in diameter 

and increasing much in length as added, slightly pyriform 

in adult, greatest breadth toward the base, somewhat inflated; sutures distinct, depressed, somewhat limbate; 

wall smooth except for a ring of very short backwardly 

pointing spines near the base of the chamber, in the adult 

occasionally with a few scattered spines above, early 

chambers smooth; aperture with a distinct ring and 

slight lip, the opening itself, when well preserved, crescentic, with a distinct tooth. Length up to slightly 

more than 1.00 mm., diameter 0.08 to 0.10 mm.

The types of this species are from the Taylor marl 

7.5 miles from Terrell on the road to Crandall, Kaufman 

County, Texas.

This species is widely distributed in the upper beds 

of Taylor age and occurs also in beds of Navarro and 

Austin age. It may be distinguished from E. annulifera 

Cushman and Bermudez in the spines of the basal portion of the chambers and in the more pyriform shape of 

the chambers.

Navarro age. 

Kemp clay. Texas, Navarro County (4); Guadalupe County

(18). 

Corsicana marl. Texas, Hunt County (24); Navarro County

(27); Limestone County (30). 

Arkadelphia marl. Arkansas, Hempstead County (70, 72, 73).
ELLIPSOIDINIDAE 135

Neylandvillc marl. Texas, Red River County (50); Delta

County (51, 52); Rockwall County (57); Kaufman County

(62); Navarro County (63, 66, 69). 

Taylor age. 

Upper part of Taylor marl. Texas, Red River County (105,

108); Delta'County (114); Hunt County (116); Collin

County (119, 120); Kaufman County (125, 128, 129, 131);

Navarro County (134); Milam County (139); Williamson

County (143, 144); Bexar County (158, 159, 161, 162). 

Pecan Gap chalk member of Taylor marl. Texas, Collin Count}'

(170).

Selma chalk (middle part). Tennessee, Hardin County (255). 

Marlbrook marl. Arkansas, Howard County; Hempstead

County.

Anuona chalk. Texas, Bowie County (189). 

Lower part of Taylor marl. Texas, Delta County (206); Ellis

County (235). . Austin age. Selma chalk (lower part). Mississippi, Lee County

(350).

Ellipsonodosaria stephcnsoni Cushmaii var. speciosa Cushmaii

Plate 56, figure 8

Ellipsonodosaria, sicphensoni Cushman var. speciosa Cushman, 

Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 14, p. 47, 

pi. 8, fig. 3, 1938.

Cushman and Hedberg, idem, vol. 17, p. 96, pi. 33, figs. 7, 8, 

1941.

Variety differing from the typical form in the adult 

chambers, which are strongly pyriform and have the 

spines covering the surface of the chamber instead of 

confined to the basal margin.

The types of the variety are from the Arkadelphia 

marl 6 miles north by west of Hope, Hempstead County, 

Ark. (72).

Similar specimens occur in the Colon shale of 

Colombia.

Ellipsonodosaria pseudoscripta Cushmaii

Plate 56, figure 9

Ellipsonodosuria pseudoscripta Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. 

Research Contr., vol. 13, p. 103, pi. 15, fig. 14, 1937.

Test small, slender, gently tapering from the greatest 

breadth formed by the last chamber toward the initial 

end, very slightly curved; chambers distinct, pyriform, 

slightly greater in diameter toward the base, increasing 

gradually in size and relative length as added, uniserial 

except in the microspheric form where the earliest chambers tend to be biserial; sutures distinct, slightly depressed, more strongly so in the adult, slightly limbate; 

wall ornamented with very fine spines, short, and in the 

adult sometimes appearing as short, broken, longitudinal 

costae; aperture terminal, rounded, but with one side 

flattened with a lip, and with a narrow tooth projecting 

into the opening. Length 0.60 to 0.75 mm.,. diameter 

0.08 mm.

The types are from the Taylor marl (upper) 1.9 miles 

west-southwest of Prairie Hill, Limestone County, Tex.

The species is small but distinctive and keeps its 

characters constantly. The spines are small and backwardly pointing, in the adult chamber assuming a peculiar arrangement in longitudinal lines and becoming 

hardly more than raised ridges.

This species differs from E. horridens Cushman in the 

much smaller, more tapering test, and the finer ornamentation.

Navarro age.

Prairie Bluff chalk. Mississippi, Chickasaw County (85). 

Neylandville marl. Texas, Navarro County (63). 

Taylor age.

Upper part of Taylor marl. Texas, Red River County (106); 

Lamar County (111); Rockwall County (124); Navarro 

County (134); Limestone County (136). 

Selma chalk of Pecan Gap chalk age. Alabama, Marengo County (256).

Wolfe City sand member of Taylor marl. Texas, Collin County

(183).

Annona chalk. Texas, Red River County (192, 198). 

Lower part of Taylor marl. Texas, Red River County (199);

Collin County (211); Dallas County (216); Kaufman

County (229); McLennan County (243); Falls County

(244). 

Austin chalk, Gober tongue. Texas, Fannin County (278).

Ellipsonodosaria exilis Cushmaii

Plate 56, figures 10, 11

Ellipsonodosaria exilis Cushman, Cushmaii Lab. Foram. Research 

Contr., vol. 12, p. 51, pi. 9, figs. 1, 2, 1936.

Test very elongate, slender, slightly curved, initial end 

with a straight acerose spine, diameter increasing very 

little if'at all from the proloculum to the apertural end; 

chambers distinct, increasing rather gradually and uniformly in length as added, very slender, inflated; sutures 

distinct, slightly limbate, in some specimens very slightly 

depressed; wall smooth^ thin; aperture terminal with a 

crescentic opening and indication of a slight tooth. 

Length up to 3.00 mm., diameter 0.35 mm.

The types are from the Upper Cretaceous upper part 

of the lower part of the Taylor marl in a road cut 14.4 

miles south of Paris and 0.9 mile north of Lake City, 

Delta County, Tex. (206).

This species also occurs in the Pecan Gap chalk and 

in the Annona chalk. It may be distinguished from 

E. granti (Plummer) Cushman in the much more slender 

test and very thin wall.

Taylor age. 

Pecan Gap chalk member of Taylor marl. Texas, Kaufman

County (173).

Annona chalk. Texas, Red River County (193). 

Lower part of Taylor marl. Texas, Delta County (206).

Ellipsonodosaria alexaiideri Cuahnian

Plate 56, figures 12-15

Ellipsonodosaria alexanderi Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 12, p. 52, pi. 9, figs. 6-9, 1936.

Test elongate, straight or slightly curved, microspheric 

form increasing rather rapidly in diameter from the 

small proloculum, the megalospheric form with the proloculum having nearly as great a diameter as the lastformed chambers; chambers distinct, inflated, increasing 

rather gradually in length, the adult chambers about 

twice as long as broad; sutures distinct, strongly depressed; wall ornamented with short backwardly pointing .spines, in the early stages of the microspheric form 

with a single ring of spines slightly below the middle 

of the chamber, in the adult with numerous spines rather 

irregularly scattered over the surface; aperture a semicircular opening with a single tooth, with a distinct neck 

and slightly raised lip. Length up to 2.00 mm., diameter 

0.20 mm.

The types of this species are from the Upper Cretaceous 

Taylor marl in a road cut 14.4 miles south of Paris and 

0.9 mile north of Lake City, Delta County, Tex.

This species is rather characteristic of the upper part 

of the Taylor marl. It differs from E. granti (Plummer) 

Cushman in the much shorter chambers and ornamentation of the surface.

Navarro group, Neylandville marl. Texas, Red River County

(50).

Taylor marl.

Upper part. Texas, Red River County (105, 106, 108); Lamar 

County (110); Collin County (122); Navarrd County 

(132, 134); Williamson County (140). 

Wolfe City sand member. Texas, Collin County (181). 

Lower part. Texas, Delta County (206).
136 UPPER CRETACEOUS FOKAMINIFERA OF GULF COASTAL REGION

Ellipsonodosaria alexaiideri Cushman var. impeiisia Cushman

Plate 56,'figures 16-18

Ellipsonodosaria alexanderi Cushman var. impensia Cushman, 

Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 14, p. 48, 

pi. 8, figs. 4, 5, 1938.

Cushman and Todd, idem, vol. 19, p. 67, pi. 11, fig. 29, 1943. 

Frizzell, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 17, p. 350, pi. 57, fig. 4, 1943.

Variety differing from the typical form in the greater 

amount of spinosity, the early chambers in the microspheric form having numerous spines; in the more fusiform shape of the adult chambers, those in the typical 

form being somewhat pyriform; and in the greater 

number of spines on the adult chambers, with the spines 

pointing in a less backward direction than those on the 

typical form. The variety is also considerably larger 

than the typical form.

The types are from the Corsicana marl on the Mexia 

road 2.75 miles east of Cooledge, Limestone County, Tex.

The variety replaces the typical form in the upper 

part of the Navarro group, being abundant in the Corsicana marl and somewhat less so in the Kemp clay. It 

occurs in the Arkadelphia marl and in the Prairie Bluff 

chalk, and is recorded from the Upper Cretaceous, Mal 

Paso shale, of Peru.

The relation, may not be a varietal one, and the two 

forms may be distinct species.

Navarro age. 

Kemp clay. Texas, Navarro County (3, 4); Williamson County

(11, 12); Guadalupe County (18).

Corsicana marl. Texas, Hunt County (24); Navarro County 

(25-28); Limestone County (30, 31); Travis County 

' (34,42).

Arkadelphia marl. Arkansas, Hempstead County (70, 73). 

Prairie Bluff chalk. Mississippi, Chickasaw County (85, 86). 

Alabama, Wilcox County (100).

Ellipsonodosaria deiitata-glabrata Cushman

Plate 56, figures 19, 20

Ellipsonodosaria dentata-glabrata Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. 

Research Contr., vol. 12, p. 54, pi. 9, figs. 22, 23; 1936.

Test elongate, slightly tapering, slightly arcuate, initial end without a spine; chambers distinct, increasing 

gradually in diameter and length as added, in the adult 

becoming inflated; sutures distinct, somewhat, limbate, 

becoming more depressed in the adult; wall smooth 

except in ,the median portion where the chamber has a 

ring of a few closely appressed spines, wanting in the 

early portion and also on the adult chambers; aperture 

rounded with a slight neck and tooth. Length' 1.00 to 

1.25 mm., diameter 0.15 mm.

The types of this species are from the Neylandville 

marl (Exogyra-Cancellata zone) in a gully west of the 

Paris highway 7% miles northeast of Cooper, Delta 

County, Tex. (52). It seems to be limited to the lower 

beds of Navarro age.

This species differs from E. annulifera Cushman and 

Bermudez in the less limbate sutures, lack of initial spine, 

and the few appressed spines in the median portion.

Navarro age.

Ripley formation. Tennessee, Henderson County (96). 

Neylandville marl. Texas, Delta County (52).

Ellipsonodosaria horridens Cushman

Plate 56, figures 21-23

Ellipsonodosaria horridens Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 12, p. 53, pi. 9, figs. 19-21, 1936. 

Cushman and Hedberg, idem, vol. 17, p. 96, pi. 23, figs. 2-6, 

1941.

Test elongate, slightly tapering, straight or very 

slightly arcuate; chambers pyriform, increasing somewhat in length as added, diameter increasing slightly; 

sutures distinct, strongly depressed; wall ornamented by 

numerous short, sharp, backward pointing spines on the 

lower half of each chamber; aperture apparently crescentric with a slight tooth. Length probably up to 4.00 

mm., diameter 0.20 mm.

The types of this species are from the Ripley formation on the New Corinth highway 13.5 miles south of 

Selmer, McNairy County, Tenn. Fragmentary specimens occur in the Colon shale of Colombia.

This species differs from E. adolphina (D'Orbigny) 

Cushman in the much more elongate chambers and the 

less regularly.arranged spines.

Navarro age. Ripley formation. Tennessee, McNairy County

(94). 

Taylor age. Selma chalk (middle part). Tennessee, Hardin

County (255).

Ellipsonodosaria? graiiti (Plummer) Cushman

Plate 56, figures 24-26 

Nodosaria granti Plummer, Texas Univ. Bull. 2644, p. 83, pi. 5,

figs. 9a-d, 1927. 

Ellipsonodosaria? granti Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research

Contr., vol. 12, p. 51, pi. 9, figs. 3-5, 1936. 

Cushman and Todd, idem, vol. 19, p. 67, pi. 11, fig. 30, 1943.

Rather large forms in the Navarro clays evidently 

belong to Ellipsonodosaria and resemble the species 

described by Mrs. Plummer from the Midway group 

(Paleocene) of Texas. The ascription of the present 

material to this species is somewhat doubtful, as the 

aperture was originally described as "round and radiate." 

The figured specimens are from the clay pit of the 

Corsicana Brick Co., 2 miles north of Corsicana Courthourse, Corsicana, Tex. It also occurs at various localities in the upper beds of Navarro age, and somewhat 

questionable specimens occur in the upper part of the 

Taylor marl.

Navarro age. ; 

Kemp clay. Texas, Navarro County (4); Williamson County

(11, 12); Guadalupe County (18). 

Corsicana marl. Texas, Navarro County (25-27); Limestone

County (30, 31); Falls County (32). 

Arkadelphia marl. Arkansas, Hempstead County (73). 

Prairie Bluff chalk. Mississippi, Chickasaw County (85, 86). 

Taylor marl, upper part. Texas, Travis County (149).

Ellipsonodosaria? jarvisi-Cushman

Plate 24, figure 28; plate 56, figures 27-29

Ellipsonodosaria? jarvisi Cushman, Cushman Lab'. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 12, p. 53,.pi. 9, figs. 16-18, 1936. 

Deiitalina cf. D. adolphina Cushman and Jarvis (not D'Orbigny), 

Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 4, p. 97, pi. 14, 

fig. 6, 1928. 

Dentalina annulata Cushman and Jarvis (not Reuss), U. S. Nat.

Mus. Proc., vol. 80, art. 14, p. 30, pi. 10, fig. 1, 1932. 

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 16, 

p. 86, pi. 14, fig. 27, 1940.

Test elongate, tapering, rapidly increasing in diameter 

from the subacute initial end, slightly arcuate; chambers 

distinct in the early portion, somewhat broader than 

long, in the adult with the length and breadth about 

equal, becoming much inflated and subspherical; sutures 

distinct except in the earliest portion, becoming more 

and more depressed at the apertural end in the adult; 

.wall ornamented by weak longitudinal costae occasionally showing traces of spines at the lower end and 

occupying the middle portion of the chamber; aperture 

terminal, broadly crescentic, with a slight tooth, a distinct 

short neck and broad lip that is marked with radial 

.striations. Length 1.50 mm., diameter 0.25 mm.
ROTALIIDAE 137

The holotype is from the Upper Cretaceous beds in the 

pit at Lizard Springs, near Guayaguayare, southeastern 

Trinidad. It occurs in similar form in the Velasco shale 

of Mexico.

This form was once referred to D'Orbigny's species, 

but it is a much stouter, thicker form, with very little 

trace of actual spines and with the apertural lip very 

broad and distinct.

None of the specimens has the apertural end perfectly 

preserved, but the general appearance of the species 

would seem to place it in Ellipsonodosaria.

Ellipsoiiodosaria subnodosa (Guppy) Nuttall

Plate 56, figures. 30, 31 

Ellipsoidina subnodosa Guppy, Zool. Soc. London Proc., p. 650,

pi. 41, fig. 12, 1894. 

Ellipsonodosaria subnodosa Nuttall, Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc., vol.

84, p. 95, pi. 6, fig. 20, 1928.

Cushman and Jarvis, Gush man Lab. Forara. Research Contr., 

vol. 4, p. 102, pi. 14. figs. 15, 16, 1928; U. S. Nat. Mus. 

Proc., vol. 80, art. 14, p. 45, pi. 13, figs. 11-13, 1932.

A number of specimens from the Upper Cretaceous 

beds in the pit at Lizard Springs, near Guayaguayare, 

.southeastern Trinidad, and also from the Velasco shale 

of the Tampico Embayment region of Mexico, closely 

resemble Guppy's species, which was described from 

Trinidad. The adult chambers are closely similar in all 

specimens, but the early portions range from broadly 

rounded to pointed and probably represent the microspheric and megalospheric forms.

Ellipsonodosaria sp.

Plate 56, figures 32, 33

Ellipsonodosaria sp., Cushman, Tennessee Div. Geology Bull. 41, 

p. 52, pi. 8, figs. 11-13, 1931.

Numerous specimens in the Selma chalk of Tennessee, 

some of which are figured here, seem to belong to 

Ellipsonodosaria, although none of the numerous specimens show the full apertural characters. They are from 

the Selma chalk (middle part) on Jim Wilkin's property, 

300 yards northwest of Union Church, Hardin County, 

Tenn. (255).

Genus ELLIPSOGLANDULINA A. Silvestri, 1900 

Ellipsoglandulina exponens (H. B. Brady) Silvestri

Plate 56, figures 34-36 

Ellipsoidina exponcns H. B. Brady in Jukes-Brown and Harrison,

Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc., vol. 48, p. 198, 1892. 

Guppy, Zool. Soc. London Proc., p. 650, pi. 41, fig. 13. 1894. 

Ellipsoglandulina exponens A. Silvestri, Pont, accad. sci. Nuovi

Lincei Atti, vol. 54, pp. 103-109, 1901. 

Nuttall, Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc., vol. 84, p. 95, pi. 6, fig. 17,

1928.

Cushman and Jarvis, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., 

vol. 4, p. 103, pi. 14, fig. 17, 1928; U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc., 

vol. 80, art. 14, p. 45, pi. 13, figs. 14-16, 1932.

Figures are given of specimens from the Upper Cretaceous of Trinidad that may belong to Brady's species. 

Specimens are so rare that no sufficient series could be 

obtained.

Upper Cretaceous. Boulders in conglomerate on "Bon Accord" 

estate, % mile from Pointe-ii-Pierre railroad station, San 

Fernando, Trinidad; Calex C well, 116 feet, Lizard Springs, 

and pit at Lizard Springs, near Guayaguayare, southeastern Trinidad.

Ellipsoglandulina vclascoensis Cushman

Plate 56, figure 37

Ellipsoglandulina vclascoensis Cushman, Am. Assoc. Petroleum 

Geologists Bull., vol. 10. p. 590. pi. 16, figs. 7a, b, 1926; 

Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Special Pub. 5, pi. 28,

figs. 29a, b, 1933; Foraminifera, Ed. 3, pi. 28, figs. 29a, b, 

1940.

Test small, fusiform, greatest width about the middle, 

thence tapering to the bluntly pointed ends;' chambers 

few, much overlapping; sutures distinct; wall smooth, 

finely perforate; aperture an elongate, narrow curved 

slit at one side, near the end of the last-formed chamber. 

Length 0.35 mm., breadth 0.20 mm., thickness 0.20 mm. 

 The holotype of this species is from the Velasco shale 

in the well of the Marland Oil Co. of Mexico, FrancoEspanola No. 5, at 390 feet, Hacienda el Limon, Vera 

Cruz, Mexico.

Family ROTALIIDAE

Genus PATELLINA Williamson, 1858

Patellina sp.

Plate 57, figure 1

Patellina sp., Cushman, Tennessee Div. Geology Bull. 41, p. 52, 

'. pi. 8, figs. 14a-c, 1931.

Figures are given of a species evidently belonging to 

this genus, but specimens are not in sufficient numbers 

to warrant full description and naming of the species. 

It is from the Ripley formation 13V2 miles south of 

Selmer, McNairy Cpunty, Tenn. (94).

Genus LAMARCKINA Berthelin, 1851 

Lamarckina ripleyeiisis Cushman

Plate 57, figure 2

Lamarckina ripleyensis Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research 

Contr., vol. 2, pt. 1, p. 8; pt. 2, pi. 5, figs. 6a-c, 1926; 

Tennessee Div. Geology Bull. 41, p. 53, pi. 9, figs, la-c, 

1931; Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Special Pub. 5, 

pi. 29, figs. 20a-c, 1933; Foraminifera, Ed. 3, pi. 29, figs. 

20a-c, 1940.

Test longer than broad, dorsal side convex, ventral 

side flattened, consisting of about 1% coils, 8 to 9 chambers in the last-formed coil; chambers very distinct, only 

slightly inflated; sutures distinct, on the dorsal side 

limbate, raised, the inner end being more distinct than 

the peripheral end; periphery carinate, the carina fusing 

with the raised sutures; surface between the sutures 

rather coarsely punctate, ventral side smooth and highly 

polished, umbilicate, the last-formed chamber, when 

complete, with a large semicircular lip above the aperture; sutures.and chambers often obscured by the secondary thickening of the ventral side. Length 0.50 mm., 

breadth 0.40 mm., thickness 0.20 mm.

The types of this species are from the Cretaceous Owl 

Creek formation of Owl Creek, Tippah County, Miss. 

(83). It is also common in the Ripley formation, New 

Corinth highway 13% miles south of Selmer, McNairy 

County, Tenn. (94).

Genus VALVTJLINERIA Cushman, 1926 

Valvulineria plummerae Loetterle

Plate 57, figures 3, 4 

Gyroidina nitida Plummer (not Reuss), Texas Univ. Bull. 3101,

p. 191, pi. 14, fig-. 5, 1931. 

Valvulineria plummerae Loetterle, Nebraska Geol. Survey Bull.

2d ser., Bull. 12, p. 41, pi. 6, figs. 5, 6, 1937. 

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 20, 

p. 13, pi. 3, fig. 1, 1944; idem, vol. 20, p. 95, pi. 14, fig. 20 

1944.

Test trochoid, dorsal side flattened or slightly umbonate at the center, ventral side slightly convex, periphery broadly rounded; chambers distinct, slightly inflated, 

8 to 10 in the adult whorl, of rather uniform shape, increasing very gradually in size as added, on the ventral 

side with a large lobe covering the umbilical region; 

sutures distinct, depressed, nearly radial on the ventral
138 UPPER CRETACEOUS FORAMINIFERA OF GULF COASTAL REGION

side, very slightly curved dorsally; wall smooth, very 

finely perforate; aperture a low opening extending from 

a point near the periphery on the ventral side toward 

the umbilicus. Diameter 0.35 to 0.45 mm., height 0.15 

to 0.22 mm.

The types of the species are from the Fort Hays 

limestone member of the Niobrara formation 4.7 miles 

east and 0.5 mile north of St. James, Nebr. Mrs. Plum-, 

mer's specimens were from the Lower Cretaceous Washita 

formation of Texas. Loetterle also records it from the 

Jower part of the Smoky Hill chalk member of the 

Niobrara formation of Nebraska.

In the present material the species is found most 

commonly in beds of Austin age and Taylor age.

Navarro age.

Corsicana marl. Texas, Travis County (43). 

Selma chalk (upper part). Mississippi, Union County (92).

Alabama, Marengo County (104). 

Saratoga chalk. Arkansas, Hempstead County (81). 

Neylandville marl. Texas, Red River County (50). 

Taylor age. 

Upper part of Taylor marl. Texas, Red River County (105);

Hunt County (116); Kaufman County (125, 128); Bexar

County (155).

Ozan formation. Arkansas, Little River County (254). 

Pecan Gap chalk member of Taylor marl. Texas, Delta County

(165, 166). 

Selma chalk (middle part). Mississippi, Alcorn County (258);

Lee County (266). 

Lower part of Taylor marl. Texas, Lamar County (201, 202);

Delta County (206); CoIIin County (210); Dallas County

(216, 217, 219, 224); McLennan County (240); Falls

County (244). 

Austin age.

Gober tongue of Austin chalk. Texas, Fannin County (281). 

Austin chalk. Texas, Dallas County (310). 

Brownstown marl. Texas, Lamar County (321). 

Selma chalk (lower part). Mississippi, Itawamba County (351).

Yalvulineria iiifrequens Morrow

Plate 57, figure 5 

Valvulineria injrequens Morrow, Jour..Paleontology, vol. 8, p. 197,

pi. 30, figs. 3a-c, 1934. 

Cushman and Deaderick, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research

Contr., vol. 18, p. 64, pi. 15, figs. 17-19, 1942. 

Cushman, idem, vol. 20, p. 95, pi. 14; fig. 22, 1944.

Test trochoid, dorsal side moderately convex, ventral 

side concave, periphery rounded; chambers distinct, 

somewhat inflated, about 6 in the adult whorl, of uniform 

shape but increasing rapidly in size as added, with the 

last-formed chamber much larger and more inflated on 

the ventral side, normally with a weak lobe over the 

umbilical region; sutures distinct, strongly depressed, 

slightly curved ventrally, strongly curved dorsally; wall 

smooth, distinctly perforate; aperture a low and elongate 

opening on the ventral side. Diameter 0.35 to 0.45 mm., 

height 0.15 to 0.20 mm.

The types of this species are from the basal Niobrara 

chalk in the SE% sec. 12, T. 12 S., R, 17 W., Ellis 

County, Kans. In the present material is is found most 

commonly in the beds of Austin age and lower beds 

of Taylor age.

Taylor age.

Ozan formation. Arkansas, Little River County (254). 

Lower part of Taylor marl. Texas, McLennan County (239);

Travis County (249). 

Austin age.

Burditt marl (of Adkins). Texas, Bell County (269). 

Austin chalk. Texas, Collin County (295, 324); Dallas County

(301-307); Hill County (313). 

Brownstown marl. Texas, Lamar County (320). Arkansas,

Sevier County.

Bonham marl. Texas, Lamar County (327). 

Selma chalk (lower part). Mississippi, Lee County (350);

Itawamba County (351).

Valvulineria allomorphinoides (Reuss) Cushman

Plate 57, figures 6, 7 

Valvulina allomorphinoides Reuss, Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-

naturwiss. KL, Sitzungsber., vol. 40, p. 223,. pi. 11, figs.

6a-c, 1860. 

Discorbina allomorphinoides Franke, Greifswald Univ. Geol.-

palaeont. Inst., Abh., vol. 6, p. 91, pi. 8, figs, lla, b, 1925;

Preuss. geol. Landesanstalt Abh., new ser., vol. Ill, p. 189,

pi. 18, figs, 7a, b, 1928.

Discorbis allomorphinoides Cushman, Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geol- 

, ogists Bull., vol. 10, p. 606, pi. 20, figs. 18, 19; pi. 21, fig.

5, 1926. 

Valvulineria allomorphinoides Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram.

Research Contr., vol. 7, p. 43, pi. 6, figs. 2a-c, 1931; Tennessee Div. Geology Bull. 41, p. 53, pi. 9, figs. 6a-c, 1931;

U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc., vol. 80, art. 14, p. 46, pi. 13, figs.

I7a-c, 1932. 

Brotzen, Sveriges geol.- Undersokning, ser. C, No. 396, p. 153,

pi. 11, figs, la-c, text fig. 56, 1936. 

Cushman and Hedberg, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research

Contr., vol. 17, p. 96, pi. 23, figs. 9a-c, 1941.

Test trochoid, biconvex, slightly longer than broad, 

oval, periphery rounded; chambers distinct, very slightly 

inflated, 4 to 6 or 7 in the adult whorl, usually 5; sutures 

distinct, dorsally slightly curved, not depressed, ventrally 

nearly radial, slightly depressed; wall smooth, very finely 

perforate; aperture a low opening, on the ventral side, 

beneath an overhanging, plate-like lip. Length 0.25 to 

0.40 mm., breadth 0.20 to 0.35 mm., thickness 0.13 to 

0.20 mm.

In Europe this species seems most characteristic of the 

Senonian. In the American material it occurs in the 

upper beds of Austin age and is best developed in the 

Taylor marl. It occurs in the Mendez shale 5 kilometers 

southeast of Tamuin, San Luis Potosi, Mexico, and in 

the Colon shale of Santander del Norte, ColomBia. In 

the Cretaceous material from Trinidad somewhat similar 

specimens occur at Lizard Springs, near Guayaguayare, 

but these specimens usually have more than the usual 

number of chambers. Further study may show this 

form to be distirict, and also the Navarro form.

Navarro age.

Prairie Bluff chalk. Alabama, Sumter County (101). 

Ripley formation. Tennessee, McNairy County (94). 

Neylandville marl.- Texas, Navarro County (68). 

Taylor marl, lower part. Texas, Delta County (206); Collin

County (212); McLennan County (240, 241). 

Austin age.

Burditt marl (of Adkins). Texas, Bell County (269). 

Gober tongue of Austin chalk. Texas, Fannin County (275);

Lamar County (285). 

Austin chalk. Texas, Collin County (295); Dallas County (301,

304-306, 311). 

Brownstown marl. Texas, Lamar County (320).

Valvulineria cretacea (Carsey) Cushman and Todd

Plate 57, figure 8 

Rotalia cretacea Carsey, Texas Univ. Bull. 2612, p. 48, pi. 5, figs.

la, b, 1926. 

Sandidge, Am. Midland Naturalist, vol. 13, p. 364, pi. 33,

figs. 7, 8, 1932.

Valvulineria cretacea Cushman and Todd, Cushman Lab. Foram. 

Research Contr., vol. 19, p. 67, pi. 12, fig. 1, 1943,

Test trochoid, small, biconvex, dorsal side less convex 

than the ventral, periphery subacute; chambers distinct, 

numerous, 10 to 15 in the adult, not inflated, of uniform 

shape and very gradually increasing in size as added, on 

the ventral side with a projection over' the umbilicus, 

rather thin and sometimes broken away; sutures distinct, 

not depressed, limbate, very slightly curved; wall smooth, 

very finely perforate; aperture a low opening on the 

ventral side. Diameter 0.30 to 0.40 mm., height 0.08 to 

0.12 mm. v
ROTALIIDAE 139

This is a small but distinct species, apparently belonging to Valvulinerita, as the ventral lobe is usually distinct. 

It is very abundant and is characteristic of the beds of 

Navarro age, although a few somewhat similar specimens 

occur in material from several localities in beds of Taylor 

age. Sandidge records this species from the Ripley of 

Alabama.

Navarro age.

Kemp clay. Texas, Falls County (9); Williamson County (11, 

12); Travis County (14, 17); Guadalupe County (18, 21).

Corsicana marl. Texas, Navarro County (25-27); Limestone 

County (30, 31); Falls County (32); Travis County (35- 

41); Caldwell County (44); Bexar County (46).

Arkadelphia marl. Arkansas, Hempstead County (70).

Prairie Bluff chalk. Mississippi, Chickasaw County (85). Alabama, Wilcox County (100).

Neylandville marl. Texas, Delta County (52); Hunt County

(55); Kaufman County (68). 

Taylor age.

Upper part of Taylor marl. Texas, Hunt County (115); Kaufman County (131); Bexar County (158).

Annona chalk: Texas, Red River County (193).

Lower part of Taylor marl. Texas, Fannin County (205); 

Coll in County (215).

Vnlvulinerin cf. V. unibilicatula (D'Orbigny) Cushman

Plate 57, figures 9-12 

Valvulineria cf. V. umbilicaLula (D'Orbigny), Cushman, Tennessee

Div. Geology Bull. 41, p. 53, pi. 9, figs. 2-5, 1931. 

Cushman and Todd, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr.,

vol. 19, p. 68, pi. 12, fig. 2, 1943. 

Cushman and Deaderick, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 18, p. 339,

pi. 53, figs. 17, 18, 1944.

Gyroidina iimbilicaLa Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research 

Contr., vol. 7, p. 43, pi. 6, figs. 3a-c, 1931.

The series of specimens illustrated represent the considerable variation in this species as it occurs in the Selma 

chalk of Tennessee. Specimens range from strongly 

planoconvex to almost equally biconvex, although the 

dorsal side is usually flattened or even somewhat concave. 

The number of chambers is rather constant, in adult 

specimens usually 6. The chambers on the ventral side 

have a strongly developed lobe that covers the umbilicus.

In the present collections this form ranges from the 

level of the Kemp clay downward to the level of the 

Saratoga chalk, with one locality in the upper part of 

the Taylor marl. The' same form also occurs in the 

Upper Cretaceous of Antigua.

Navarro age.

Kemp clay. Texas, Guadalupe County (18). 

Corsicana marl. Texas, Limestone County (29, 30); Travis

County (34, 41).

 Prairie Bluff chalk. Mississippi, Chickasaw County (84). Alabama, Wilcox County (99); Sumter County (101). 

Ripley formation. Tennessee, McNairy County (94); Henderson County (96).

Selma chalk (upper part). Alabama, Marengo County (104). 

Saratoga chalk. Arkansas, Clark County (78). 

Taylor age.

Upper part of Taylor marl. Texas, Rockwall County (124). 

Marlbrook marl. Arkansas, Clark County.

Genus GYROIDINA D' Orbigny, 1826 

Gyroidina depressa (Alth) Cushman and Church

Plate 58, figures 1-4 

Rotalina depressa Alth, Haidinger's Naturw. Abh., vol. 3, p. 266,

pi. 13, fig. 21, 1850. 

Gyroidina depressa Cushman and Church, California Acad. Sci.

Proc., 4th ser., vol. 18, p. 515, pi. 41, figs. 4-6, 1929. 

Plummer, Texas Univ. Bull. 3101, p. 190, pi. 13, fig. 3, 1931. 

Cushman, Tennessee Div. Geology Bull. 41, p. 54, pi. 9, figs. 

7, 8, 1931; Jour. Paleontology, vol. 5, p. 311, pi. 36, figs. 

2a-c, 1931; idem, vol. 6, p. 341, 1932.

Cushman and Jarvis, U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc., vol. 80, art. 14, 

p. 46, pi. 14, fig. 1, 1932.

Sandidge, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 6, p. 283, pi. 43, figs.

16-18, 1932.

Wickenden, idem, vol. 6, p. 206, pi. 29, figs. 9a-c, 1932. 

Cushman, Geol. Soc. America Bull., vol. 47, p. 419, 1936. 

Loetterle, Nebraska Geol. Survey Bull. 2d ser., Bull. 12,

p. 42, pi. 6, figs. 7a-c, 1937. 

Cushman and Hedberg, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research

Contr., vol. 17, p. 97, pi. 23, figs. 11, 12, 1941. 

Cushman and Deaderick, idem, vol. 18, p. 64, pi. 15, figs.

14-16, 1942.

Cushman and Todd, idem, vol. 19, p. 68, pi. 12, fig. 4, 1943. 

Cushman, idem, vol. 20, p. 13, pi. 3, fig. 2, 1944; idem, vol.

20, p. 95, pi. 14, fig. 23, 1944. 

Cushman and Deaderick, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 18, p. 339,

pi. 53, figs. 19, 20, 1944. 

Rotalia cretacea Carsey, Texas Univ. Bull. 2612, p. 48, pi. 5, figs.

7a, b, 1926. 

Rotalia beccarii (Linne) D'Orbigny var. ripleyensis W. Berry (in

Berry and Kelley), U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc., vol. 76, art. 19.

p. 15, pi. 3, figs. 10-12, 1929.

Test much compressed, trochoid, biconvex, the dorsal 

side in many specimens nearly flat, periphery rounded, 

umbilicus in many specimens open; chambers numerous, 

10 to 12 in the last-formed whorl, distinct; sutures dis-- 

tinct, on the dorsal side nearly flush with the surface, 

slightly limbate, curved; on the ventral side slightly 

curved, nearly radial, slightly depressed; wall smooth; 

aperture on the ventral side between the periphery and 

the umbilicus, low. Diameter 0.25 to 0.55 mm., height 

0.10 to 0.25 mm.

The types are from the Upper Cretaceous of Lemberg. 

Topotypes have been available for study, and the common American species seems to be the same, although 

subject to considerable variation in the number of chambers, degree of openness of the umbilicus, and convexity 

of the test.

So far as can be seen from available specimens, it 

ranges nearly throughout the Upper Cretaceous.

Navarro age.

Corsicana marl. Texas, Navarro County (27)..

Prairie Bluff chalk. Alabama, Wilcox County (100).

Selma chalk (upper part). Mississippi, Prentiss County (91). 

Tennessee, McNairy County (98). Alabama, Marengo 

County (104).

Ripley formation. Tennessee, McNairy County (94, 95, 97); 

Henderson County (96).

Neylandville marl. Texas, Hunt County (53); Rockwall County (57); Kaufman County (58, 60); Navarro County 

(63, 64, 66, 69).

Saratoga chalk. Arkansas, Howard County (79). 

Taylor age.

Upper part of Taylor marl. Texas, Red River County (106- 

108); Hunt County (116); Collin County (122); Kaufman 

County (129, 131); Navarro County (132, 134); Milam 

County (139); Williamson County (140, 142); Travis 

County (145); Guadalupe County (151); Bexar County^ 

(154, 156, 158, 159).

Ozan formation. Arkansas, Little River County (254).

Pecan Gap chalk member of Taylor marl. Texas, Delta County 

(165, 166).

Selma chalk of Pecan Gap chalk age. Alabama, Marengo 

County (256).

Marlbrook marl. Arkansas, Clark County; Howard County; 

Hempstead County.

-Selma chalk (middle part). Mississippi, Union County (262); 

Lee County (264, 265). Tennessee, Hardin County (255).

Wolfe City sand member of Taylor marl. Texas, Hunt County 

' (186).

Lower part of Taylor marl. Texas, Red River County (199); 

Fannin County (203); Delta County (206); Collin County 

(207, 209, 211, 212, 214); Dallas County (220-223); Kaufman County (228); Ellis County (235); Navarro County 

(236); Hill County (237); McLennan County (238); 

Williamson County (246); Travis County (249, 250). 

Austin age.

Burditt marl (of Adkins). Texas, Bell County (269); Travis 

County (270).
140 UPPER CRETACEOUS FORAMINIFERA OF GULF COASTAL REGION

Gober tongue of Austin chalk. Texas, Fannin County (273,

275, 279, 280); Lamar County (283-287). 

Selma chalk of upper Austin age. Ala*bama, Pickens County

(352); Warrior River (353). 

Austin chalk. Texas, Collin County (292, 294, 295, 324); Dallas

County (297-303, 306-308, 311, 325, 342, 343); Grayson

County (335); Hill County (314); Bell County (315, 316). 

Brownstown marl. Texas, Red River County (318); Lamar

County (320). Arkansas, Sevier County. 

Ector tongue of Austin chalk. Texas, Grayson County (332). 

Selma chalk (lower part). Mississippi, Lee County (350); Itawamba County (351). 

Eagle Ford shale. Texas, Dallas County (359).

Gyroidina depressa (Alth) Cushmaii arid Church var. 

colombiana Cushmaii and Hedberg

Gyroidina depressa (Alth) Cushman and Church var. colombiana 

Cushman and Hedberg, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research 

Contr., vol. 17, p. 97, pi. 23, figs. 13a-c, 1941.

Variety differing from the typical in having a subacute periphery and more open umbilical area.

The types are from the lower zone of the Colon shale, 

Quedrada la Petroles, Colombia.

Gyroidiiia iiitida (Reuss) Morrow

Plate 58, figure 5

Roialina nitida Reuss, Geognostische Skizzen Bohmen, vol. 2, 

pt. 1, p. 214, 1844; Verstein. bohm. Kreideformation, 

pt. 1, p. 35, pi. 8, fig. 52; pi. 12, figs. 8, 20, 1845. 

Gyroidina nitida Morrow, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 8, p. 197, pi. 30,

figs, la-c, 1934. 

Loetterle, Nebraska Geol. Survey Bull., 2d ser., Bull. 12,

p. 42, pi. 6, figs. 8a-c, 1937.

Frizzell, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 17, p. 351, pi. 57, figs. 6a-c, 

1943.

Under this specific name Reuss figures a small species 

from the Cretaceous of Bohemia. Similar specimens 

occur -in the Austin chalk particularly and have been 

recorded by Morrow from the Niobrara of Kansas and 

by Loetterle from the Niobrara of Kansas, Nebraska, 

and South Dakota.

Some of the specimens seem to merge with G. girardana 

(Reuss) Cushman, and it is difficult to separate them. 

The other American records for G. nitida. will be found 

under other species.

Gyroidina globosa (Hagenow) Cushmaii

- , Plate 58, figures 6-8

Nonionina globosa Hagenow, Neues Jahrb., 1842, p. 574. 

Rotalia globosa Reuss, Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-naturwiss. Kl., 

Sitzungsber., vol. 44, pt. 1, 1861, p. 330, pi. 7, .figs. 2a, b 

(1862). 

Gyroidina globosa Cushman, Jour. Paleontology, .vol. 5, p. 310,

pi. 35, figs. 19a-c, 1931. 

Cushman and Jarvis, U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc., vol. 80, art. 14,

p. 47, pi. 14, figs. 3, 4, 1932. 

Cushman and Hedberg, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research

Contr., vol. 17, p. 97, pi. 23, figs. 14a-c, 1941. 

Cushman, idem, vol. 20, p. 13, pi. 3, fig. 3, 1944. 

Cushman and Goudkoff, idem, vol. 20, p. 61, pi. 10, fig. 6. 

1944. . *!«91 ^ 

Cushman and Deaderick, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 18, p. 339,

pi. 53, figs. 21, 22, 1944.

Gyroidina naranjoensis White, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 2, p. 296. 

pi. 40, fig. 5, 1928.

This species differs from the two preceding species in 

the very broadly rounded periphery and deep ventral 

side. The last whorl varies considerably in its position 

in relation to the preceding whorls, sometimes slightly 

overlapping and higher, in other specimens failing to 

come up to the previous whorl. The whole test is very 

rounded. It is not as common as the two precedingspecies. So far as the present collections show, it is

characteristic of the beds of Taylor age, with a few specimens from the upper beds of Austin age and the lower 

,beds of Navarro age. It occurs in the lower part of the 

Colon shale of Colombia and in California. Specimens 

from Mexico and Trinidad may possibly belong here.

Navarro age.

Selma chalk (upper part). Mississippi, Prentiss County (91).

Neylandville marl. Texas, Rockwall County (57).

Saratoga chalk. Arkansas, Hempstead County (81); Howard

County (79). : 

Taylor age.

Upper part of Taylor marl. Texas, Red River County (109); 

Collin County (120, 122); Rockwall County (124); Kaufman County (128, 131); Travis County (145).

Marlbrook marl. Arkansas, Howard County.

Ozan'formation. Arkansas, Little River County (254).

Anacacho limestone (upper part). Texas, Bexar County (164).

Pecan Gap chalk member of Taylor marl. Texas, Delta County 

(165, 166); Collin County (169, 170, 172); McLennan 

County (177).

Selma chalk of Pecan Gap chalk age. Alabama, Marengo 

County (256).

Selma chalk (middle part). Mississippi, Lee County (267).

Wolfe City sand member of Taylor marl. Texas, Collin County 

' (180, 181, 183).

Annona chalk. Texas, Red River County (191, 192, 195-198).

Lower part of Taylor marl. Texas, Lamar County (201, 202); 

Collin County (214); Dallas County (216, 217); Kaufman 

County (228); Ellis County (234); McLennan County 

(243); Bell County (245). 

Austin chalk.

Gober tongue. Texas, Fannin County (27-5, 279); Lamar County (288).

Austin chalk. Texas, Grayson County (291); Collin County 

(292-295, 324); Hill County (313); Bell County (316).

Gyroidina girardaiia (Reuss) Cushmaii

Plate 58, figure 9 

Rotalina girardana Reuss, Deutsche geol. Gesell. Zeitschr., vol. 3,

p. 73, pi. 5, fig. 34, 1851.

Gyroidina girardana Cushman, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 5, p. 311, 

pi. 36, figs, la-c, 1931; Cushman Lab. Foram. Research 

Special Pub. 5, pi. 30, fig. 3, 1933. 

Cole, Florida Dept. Cons. Geol. Bull. 16, p. 35, pi. 2, fig. 13,

1938. 

Cushman and Todd, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr.,

vol. 19, p. 68, pi. 12, fig. 3, 1943.

Cushman, idem, vol. 20, p. 13, 1944; idem, vol. 20, p. 95, 

pi. 14, fig. 24, 1944.

Test trochoid, planoconvex, dorsal side flattened or 

even slightly concave, ventral side subconical with the 

umbilical region open, periphery with a distinct angle 

at the dorsal edge; chambers fairly distinct, of rather 

uniform shape, increasing very slowly in size as added, 

usually about 8 in the adult whorl, inflated very slightly 

if at all; sutures fairly distinct, slightly depressed; nearly 

radial on both ventral and dorsal sides; wall smooth; 

aperture between the periphery and umbilicus on the 

ventral side, low. Diameter 0.70 to 0.80 mm., height 

0.35 to 0.40 mm.

Specimens with distinctly angled periphery are common from beds of Austin, Taylor, and Navarro ages. 

They are variable in the amount of the angle of the 

periphery but in general seem to form a single series. It 

is recorded by Cole from the Selma chalk in well samples from Florida.

Navarro age. 

Kemp clay. Texas, Navarro County (7)j Williamson County

(11, 12). 

Corsicana marl. Texas, Navarro County (27, 28); Falls County

(32); Bexar County (46); Limestone County (30). 

Ripley formation. Tennessee, McNairy County (94); Henderson County (96). 

Selma chalk (upper part). Alabama, Marengo County (104).
ROTALIIDAE 141

NeylandvilJe marl. Texas, Red River County (50); Navarro 

County (63, 66, 68, 69).

Saratoga chalk. Arkansas, Clark County (78); Howard County

(79); Hernpstead County (81). 

Taylor 'age.

Upper part of Taylor marl. Texas, Red River County (105- 

107); Lamar County (110); Delta County (114); Hunt 

County (115, 116); Kaufman County (129); Navarro 

County (132, 134); Leon County (138); Williamson 

County (140); Travis County (149); Hays County (150); 

Bexar County (152, 158, 159).

Ozan formation. Arkansas, Little River County (254).

Pecan Gap chalk member of Taylor marl. Texas, Delta County 

(165, 166); Hunt County (168); Collin County (171).

Selma chalk of Pecan Gap chalk age. Alabama, Marengo County (256).

Selma chalk (middle part). Mississippi, Prentiss County (260).

Wolfe City sand member of Taylor marl. Texas, Collin County 

(180, 182); Navarro County (188).

Annona chalk. Texas, Bowie County (189).

Lower part of .Taylor marl. Texas, Red River County (199); 

Fannin County (205); Delta County (206); Collin County (208, 212); Dallas County (219, 220, 222, 223); Kaufman County (229); Ellis County (234); McLennan County (238, 241); Falls County (244); Travis County (250). 

Austin age.

Burditt marl (of Adkius). Texas, Bell County (269); Travis 

County (271).

Gober tongue of Austin chalk. Texas, Fannin County (276, 

278); Lamar County (283, 285, 286).

Austin chalk. Texas, Collin County (295); Dallas County (300- 

309, 344).

Selma chalk of upper Austin age. Alabama, Pickens County 

(352).

Selma chalk (lower part). Mississippi, Itawamba County (351); 

Lee County (350).

Brownstown marl. Texas, Red River County (318, 319); Lamar 

County (320).

Ector tongue of Austin chalk. Texas, Grayson County (332).

Gyroidina arkudclphiana Cushmaii

Plate 58, figure 10

Gyroidina arkadelphiana Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 14, p. 49, pi. 8, fig. 7, 1938.

Test planoconvex, dorsal side flattened or slightly concave, ventral side strongly convex, with a large, deep 

umbilicus, periphery rounded, somewhat angled and 

raised at the edge of the dorsal surface; chambers numerous, averaging about 10 in the adult whorl, increasing 

rather rapidly in size and depth on the ventral side; 

sutures distinct, radial, slightly depressed; wall smooth 

on the ventral side, on the dorsal side ornamented with 

raised areas, in the later whorls parallel to the periphery 

and double; aperture elongate, at the inner margin of 

the last-formed chamber on the ventral side. Height 

0.30 to 0.40 mm., diameter 0.40 to 0.50 mm.

The types are from the Arkadelphia marl 4.5 miles 

east of Washington in a creek % mile north of Reed's 

store, Hernpstead County, Ark.

This species differs from G. subangulata (Plummer) 

White in the radial sutures, large umbilicus, and peculiar 

ornamentation of the dorsal side. It is known only from 

the Arkadelphia marl.

Navarro age. Arkadelphia marl. Arkansas, Hernpstead County 

(70, 73).

Gyroidina beisseli White

Plate 58, figure 11 

Gyroidina beisseli White, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 2, p. 291, pi. 39,

fig. 7, 1928. 

Eponides haidingarii Cushman and Jarvis (not D'Orbigny), U. S.

Nat. Mus. Proc., vol. 80, art. 14, p. 47, pi. 14, figs. 5a-c,

1932.

Dorsal side slightly convex; usually six chambers in the last 

whorl; sutures not limbate, curved on the dorsal side., radial, meeting in a point and very indistinct on the ventral-side, all sutures

flush; periphery rounded; aperture a slit at the middle of the base 

of the last chamber. Diameter of type specimen, 0.6 mm.; thickness, 0.35 mm.

The types of this species are from the Upper Cretaceous Mendez shale 200 meters south of Noria on the 

road to La Noria, northwest of Tampico, Mexico. White 

records it as "a rare form from the middle of the San 

Felipe through the lower portion of the Velasco."

Very similar specimens occur in Upper Cretaceous beds 

in the pit at Lizard Springs, near Guayaguayare, Trinidad.

Genus STENSIOINA Brotzeu, 1936 

Stensioina excolata (Cushman) Cushman and Dorsey

Plate 66, figure 17 

Truncatulina excolata Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research

Contr., vol. 2, pt. 1, p. 22, pi. 3, figs. 2a, b, 1926. 

Gyroidina excolata White, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 2, p. 293, pi.

40, fig. 2, 1928. 

Stensioina excolata (Cushman) Cushman and Dorsey, Cushman

Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 16, p. 4, pi. 1, figs. 6a-c,

1940.

Test of medium size, trochoid, planoconvex, dorsal side 

flattened and almost completely involute, ventral side 

strongly convex, approaching a hemisphere in side view, 

peripheral margin acute, keeled, umbilical area smooth; 

chambers indistinct, uniform in shape, but increasing 

rapidly in size as added, usually 9 in the last-formed 

whorl; sutures on the dorsal side distinct, raised, spiral 

suture very indistinct, showing only in the earliest portion, suture lines marked by irregular, variously twisted, 

gently curved costae, on the ventral side sutures quite 

indistinct, slightly depressed, gently curved; wall perforate, smooth on the ventral side, intermediate areas 

on the dorsal side roughened; aperture an elongate, low, 

arched opening at the base of the last-formed chamber 

on the ventral side, closer to the umbilical area than to 

the periphery. Diameter 0.50 mm., thickness 0.25 mm.

This species differs from S. exsculpta in its flattened 

dorsal surface, indistinct spiral suture and its greater 

thickness in relation to the diameter.

Both S. excolata and the other American species, & 

americana, are more distinctly involute on the dorsal side 

than are the European species.

This species occurs in the Mendez shale in a railroad 

cut near Coco (type locality) and also near Las Palmas, 

both in Hacienda el Limon, San Luis Potosi, Mexico. 

White also records it from this general region.

Stensioina americana Cushman and Dorsey

Plate 65, figure 14 

Stensioina americana Cushman and Dorsey, Cushman Lab. Foram.

Research Contr., vol. 16, p. 5, pi. 1, figs. 7a-c, 1940. 

Cushman, idem, vol. 20, p. 14, pi. 3, fig. 4, 1944. 

Cibicides excolata Cushman (not Truncatulina excolata Cushman, 

1926), Jour. Paleontology, vol. 5, p. 315, pi. 36, figs. Sa-c, 

1931; idem, vol. 6, p. 345, 1932.

Stensioina excolata Cole, Florida Dept. Cons. Geol. Bull. 16 p 35 

pi. 3, figs. 2, 3, 1938. '

Test small, trochoid, dorsal side flattened with central 

portion slightly concave, ventral side broadly convex 

with ventral periphery forming an angle less than 90° 

with the dorsal side, thickness less than one-half the 

diameter, peripheral margin acutely keeled, ventrally 

umbonate, but the umbilical area flat to depressed; chambers distinct, uniform in shape, increasing regularly in 

size as added, usually 8 in the last-formed whorl; sutures 

on the dorsal side distinct, raised, spiral suture indistinct, 

irregular and broken, suture lines marked by irregular, 

broken,' gently curved costae, on the ventral side the
sutures slightly depressed, gently curved, marked by 

narrow bands of clear shell material; wall coarsely perforate, ventrally smooth, dorsally with intermediate areas 

roughened and occasionally bearing irregular costae or 

nodes; aperture an elongate, low, arched slit, midway 

between the umbilical area and the periphery.. Diameter 0.30 to 0.40 mm., thickness 0.15 mm.

The types are from the upper part of the Taylor marl, 

along a branch of Kickapoo Creek 1,200 feet south of a 

public road 1.8 miles northwest of Annona, Red River 

County, Tex.

This species may be distinguished from Stensioina excolata (Cushman) Cushman and Dorsey by its smaller 

size, more clearly marked spiral suture, and concave 

dorsal side.

In the present collections the species ranges from beds 

of Navarro age through beds of Taylor age. It is characteristic of the upper part of the Taylor marl. Cole 

records it from the Selma chalk in well samples from 

Florida.

Navarro age. ' 

Prairie Bluff chalk. Alabama, Sumter County (101). 

Selma chalk (upper part). Alabama, Marengo County (104). 

Saratoga chalk. Arkansas, Hempstead County (81); Howard

County (79). 

Taylor age.

tipper part of Taylor marl. Red River County (105-109);

Lamar County (110, 112); Hunt County (115); Collin

County (122); Kaufman County (130). 

Pecan Gap chalk member of Taylor marl. Texas, Delta County

(165); Hunt County (168); Collin County (169, 171, 172). 

Wolfe City sand member of Taylor marl. Texas, Collin County

(181-183); Navarro County (188). 

Annona chalk. Texas, Bowie County (189, 190); Red River

County (196). 

Lower part of Taylor marl. Texas, Ellis County (234).

Genus EPONIDES Montfort, 1808 

Eponides haidingerii (D'Orbigny) Cushman

Plate 57, figures 13, 14

Rotalina haidingerii D'Orbigny, Foram. Foss. Bass. Tert. Vienne, 

p. 154, pi. 8, figs. 7-9, 1846. .

Eponides haidingerii (D'Orbigny) Cushman, Tennessee Div. Geology Bull. 41, p. 54, pi. 8, figs. 15, 16, 1931.

Test nearly circular in outline, in side view with a 

fairly high spire, dorsal side very convex, ventral side 

flattened or sometimes somewhat concave, periphery 

rounded; chambers in several whorls, 6 or 7 in the adult 

whorl, distinct, slightly inflated on the ventral side; 

sutures on the dorsal side slightly limbate, oblique, flush 

with the surface, on the ventral side slightly depressed, - 

nearly radiate; wall smooth, distinctly perforate; aperture ventral between the umbilicus and the periphery, 

with a slight lip. Diameter 0.50 mm., height 0.30 mm.

The figured specimens are from the Selma chalk on the 

New Corinth highway 13% miles south of Selmer, McNairy County, Tenn. (127). I have failed to find similar 

specimens elsewhere in American Cretaceous material. 

The specimens referred to this species from the Upper 

Cretaceous of Trinidad are not correctly assigned.

4

Eponides simplex (White) Cushman

Plate 57, figure 15

Gyroidina simplex White, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 2, p. 296, pi. 

40, fig. 7, 1928.

Test nearly planoconvex, dorsal side slightly convex, ventral 

side deeply convex; usually six chambers to the last whorl; 

sutures radial, flush, indistinct, meeting in a point on the ventral 

side; chambers much appressed, long and narrow; periphery 

somewhat sharply rounded; aperture a long slit in the base of the 

last chamber, near the periphery. Diameter'of type specimen, 

0.6 mm.; thickness 0.3 mm.

The types of this species are from Upper Cretaceous 

Mendez shale 900 meters west of the International Petroleum Co. well Cacalilao No. 75, west of Tampico, 

Mexico. White gives the following statement of range: 

"This species is abundant in the middle portion of the 

Mendez and rare from there through the lower portion 

of the Velasco."

A form from the Upper Cretaceous beds in the pit at 

Lizard Springs, near Guayaguayare, southeastern Trinidad, referred to Gyroidina nitida (Reuss) Morrow (Cushman and Jarvis, U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc., vol. 80, art. 14, 

p. 47, pi. 14, figs. 2a-c, 1932), may belong here and is 

figured.

Eponides? spinea (Cushman) Cushman

Plate 57, figure 16 

Truncaiulina spinea Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research

Contr., vol. 2, pt. 1, p. 22, pi. 2, figs. lOa-c, 1926. 

Eponides spinea Cushman, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 1, p. 165, pi.

27, figs, la-c, 1927.

Test small, planoconvex, the dorsal side flat or often 

slightly .concave, ventral side very -strongly convex; 

periphery acute, marked by a series of spines, one for 

each chamber, either simple or with secondary small 

spinose projections at the base; chambers, about 7 in the 

adult whorl, indistinct; sutures indistinct except on the 

ventral side, where they may be slightly depressed; aperture ventral, elongate. Diameter 0.35 mm., thickness 

0.18 mm.

The types are from Upper Cretaceous Mendez shale 

on the Guerrero-Taninul road, San Luis Potosi, Mexico. 

Though this species has apparently a limited vertical 

distribution, it occurs at numerous localities and should 

make a good index fossil for this portion of the Mendez. 

Specimens usually do not show the details of structure 

well. So far as can be seen it is probably an Eponides.

Genus ROTALIA Lamarck, 1804 

Rotalia nmbriatula Cushman and Hedberg

Plate 58, figure 12

Rotalia fimbriatula Cushman and Hedberg, Cushman Lab. Foram. 

Research Contr., vol. 6, p. 69, pi. 9, figs.' 13a-c, 1930.

Test with the ventral side nearly flat, dorsal side convex, periphery subacute, lobed, ventral side with a large 

central plug; chambers 8 to 10 in the adult whorl, somewhat inflated, distinct on the ventral side, less so on the 

dorsal; sutures on the dorsal side indistinct, nearly radial, 

somewhat limbate, on the ventral side, distinct, depressed, 

radial; wall of dorsal side strongly papillate, with fairly 

large papillae, ventrally smooth, somewhat less papillate, becoming smooth near the periphery as growth 

progresses; aperture a low opening at the margin of the 

last-formed chamber on the ventral side between the 

periphery and central plug. Diameter 0.30 mm., height 

0.15 mm.

The types of this species are from the Upper Cretaceous 

of the Rio Lebrija about 1% kilometers west of Chichira, 

Department of Santander, eastern Colombia. The 

species is widely distributed in this region and in the 

Upper Cretaceous of the State of Tachira, Venezuela, but 

has not been seen in our material from the Gulf Coastal 

Plain.

Genus EPISTOMINA Terquem, 1883 

Epistomina caracolla (Roemer) Franke

Plate 59, figures 1, 2

Gyroidina caracolla Roemer, Verstein. norddeutschen Kreidegebirges, p. 97, pi. 15, fig. 22, 1840-41.
CASSIDULINIDAE 143

Pulvimdina caracolla Chapman, Royal Micr. Soc. Jour., p. 7, pi. 1,

figs. 9a-c, 1898. 

Epistomina caracolla Franks, Greifswald Univ., Geol.-palaeont.

Inst., Abh., vol. 6, p. 88, pi. 8, figs. lOa-c, 1925. 

Cushnmn and Church, California Acad. Sci.cProc., 4th ser.,

vol. 18, p. 517, pi. 40, figs. 10(?), 11-13, 1929. 

Cushman, Tennessee Div. Geology Bull. 41, p. 55, pi. 10,

figs. la-c,.1931. 

Loetterle, Nebraska Geol. Survey Bull. 2d ser., Bull. 12,

p. 62, pi. 11, figs. 2a-c, 1937. ( 

Cushman and Hedberg, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research

Contr., vol. 17, p. 98, pi. 23, figs. 19a-c, 1941. 

Cushman and Todd, idem, vol. 19, p. 69, pi. 12, fig. 5, 1943. 

Discorbifi ripleyensis W. Berry (in Berry and Kelly), U. S. Nat.

Mus. Proc., vol. 76, art. 19, p. 11, pi. 3, figs. 16-18, 1929.

Test biconvex, periphery acute and slightly keeled, 

dorsally showing the earlier whorls, ventrally involute; 

chambers distinct, 6 to 8 in the last-formed whorl, not 

inflated, of uniform shape, very gradually increasing in 

size as added; sutures strongly limbate, flush with the 

surface or raised in worn specimens; dorsally gently 

curved, ventrally nearly radiate or slightly tangential; 

wall smooth, the sutures usually lighter than the remainder, and the areas of the chambers often with a pattern 

of light and dark that is due to thickenings; apertures on 

the ventral side just below the periphery and also along 

the ventral margin of the chamber. Diameter 0.40 to 

0.65 mm., height 0.25 to 0.35 mm.

This species is very distinctive in appearance when well 

preserved. It is widely distributed in the upper part of 

the Cretaceous of Europe and America. It is recorded 

from California and occurs in the Gulf Coastal Plain. 

Other records include the Pierre shale of South Dakota 

and Nebraska and the Colon shale of Colombia.

Navarro age.

Kemp clay. Texas, Navarro County (7); Travis County (13, 

14, 17); Guada-lupe County (18).

Corsicana marl. Texas, Limestone County (29, 30).

Owl Creek formation. Mississippi, Tippah County (83).

Nacatoch sand. Arkansas, White County (76).

Ripley formation. Tennessee, McNairy County (95, 97).

Selma chalk (upper part). Mississippi, Union County (92). 

Tennessee, McNairy County (98).

Neylandville marl. Texas, Delta County (51, 52); Hunt County (53-55); Rockwall County (57); Navarro County 

(68, 69). 

Taylor marl.

Upper part. Texas, Rockwall County (124); Navarro County 

(134); Hays County (150).

Pecan Gap chalk member. Texas, Collin County (170).

Wolfe City sand member. Texas, Navarro County (187).

Lower part. Texas, Collin County (215).

Genus SIPHONINA Reuss, 1850 

Siphoiiina priina Plummer

Plate 59, figures 3-5 

Siphonina prima Plummer, Texas Univ. Bull. 2644, p. 148, pi. 12,

figs. 4a-c, 1927. 

Cushman, U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc., vol. 72, art. 20, p. 2, pi. 2,

figs. 4a-c, 1927. 

Jennings, Bull. Am. Paleontology, vol. 23, No. 78, p. 33,

pi. 4, fig. 3, 1936.

Cushman and Todd, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., 

vol. 19, p. 69, pi. 12, fig. 6, 1943.

Test small, nearly circular, about equally biconvex but 

much compressed, periphery angled, sharply acute and 

delicately serrate, very slightly lobate; chambers usually 

5 in the last-formed volution, very slightly inflated on 

the ventral side; sutures distinct, obliquely curved, 

marked by the serrate edges of the chambers of the dorsal 

side, not depressed; on the ventral side, more nearly 

radial, very slightly curved, somewhat depressed; wall 

smooth, distinctly and somewhat coarsely perforate; aperture a small, narrowly elliptical opening on the ventral

side close to the periphery, the elongate axis in the axis 

of coiling, without a definite neck. Diameter up to 0.25 

mm., thickness 0.12 mm.

The types of this species are from the Midway (Paleocene) of Texas. It occurs in the upper beds of Navarro 

age, in the Ripley formation of Mississippi, part of the 

Corsicana marl and Kemp clay of Texas, and the Selma 

chalk of Tennessee, especially that portion which is of 

the age of the Prairie Bluff chalk of Alabama. It is also 

recorded from the Navesink marl of New Jersey.

There is considerable variation in this species, as will 

be seen by the figures on the plate. An attempt was 

made to separate these different forms, but as they do 

not seem to hold their characters in large series all have 

been included under the one name.

Navarro age.

Kemp clay. Texas, Hopkins County (1); Williamson County 

(12).

Corsicana marl. Texas, Navarro County (25); Falls County 

(32); Travis County (34, 36, 39-41); Caldwell County 

(44); Bexar County (46); Limestone County (30).

Arkadelphia marl. Arkansas, Hempstead County (70).

Owl Creek formation. Mississippi, Tippah County (83).

Prairie Bluff chalk. Mississippi, Chickasaw County (84-86). 

Alabama, Wilcox County (99); Sumter County (101, 102).

Ripley formation. Mississippi, Pontotoc County (90). Tennessee, McNairy County (94).

Family CASSIDULINIDAE

Genus CERATOBULIMINA Toula, 1920

Ceratobulimina cretacea Cushman and Harris

Plate 59, figures 6, 7 

Ceratobulimina cretacea Cushman and Harris, Cushman Lab.

Foram. Research Contr., vol. 3, p. 173, pi. 29, figs, la-c;

pi. 30, fig. 11, 1927. 

Cushman, Tennessee Div. Geology Bull. 41, p. 56, pi. 10,

figs. 2a-c, 1931. 

Plummer, Am. Midland Naturalist, vol. 17, p. 460, text fig.

5, 1936. 

Cushman and Todd, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr.,

vol. 19, p. 70, pi. 12, fig. 7, 1943.

Test small, slightly longer than broad, usually 7 chambers in the last-formed whorl; sutures distinct, somewhat 

limbate but-not raised; wall smooth, polished; aperture 

extending slightly into the last-formed chamber in a 

rounded triangular opening, covered in well preserved 

specimens with a weakly developed thin plate attached 

above the inner end of the aperture. Length 0.40 to 0.45 

mm., breadth 0.30 to 0.35 mm., thickness 0.20 to 0.25 mm.

The types of this species are from the Corsicana marl 

of the Mexia oil field, Mexia, Tex. The species is fairly 

common in the Kemp clay of Texas and occurs in the 

Coon Creek tongue of the Ripley formation of Tennessee 

and the Ripley formation of Mississippi. Rare specimens that are similar occur in material from Arkansas 

referred to the Nacatoch sand.

Navarro age. 

Kemp clay. Texas, Hopkins County (1); Navarro County (3);

Travis County (17); Guadalupe County (20). 

Corsicana marl. Texas, Limestone County (29, 30). 

Owl Creek formation. Mississippi, Tippah County (83). 

Nacatoch sand. Arkansas, White County (76). 

Ripley formation. Tennessee, McNairy County (97). 

Selma chalk (upper part). Mississippi, Union County (92). 

Saratoga chalk. Arkansas, Howard County (79).

Genus PULVINULINELLA Cushman, 1926 

Pulvinulinella texana Cushman

. - Plate 59, figures 8, 9

Pulvinulinella texana Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research 

Contr., vol. 14, p. 49, pi. 8, fig. 8, 1938; idem, vol. 20 

p. 14, pi. 3, fig. 5, 1944.

Test small, trochoid, biconvex, ventral side, slightly
144 UPPER CRETACEOUS FORAMINIFERA OF GULF COASTAL REGION

more convex than dorsal, periphery with a definite, sharp, 

thin, flangelike keel, not tabulated; chambers fairly distinct, about 8 in final whorl, increasing rather evenly in 

size as added; sutures on the ventral side distinct, nearly 

radiate, very slightly curved, somewhat depressed, on the 

dorsal side very strongly oblique, curved, very slightly 

depressed, for the most part rather indistinct; wall 

smooth, distinctly and rather coarsely perforate; aperture consisting of two distinct portions, one, somewhat 

oval or quadrangular, in the apertural face, nearly parallel to the periphery, extending as a narrow slit at the base 

of the last-formed chamber toward the umbilicus. Diameter 0.35 to 0.45 mm., thickness 0.12 to 0.15 mm.

The types are from a locality near the base of the upper 

part of the Taylor marl, branch of Kickapoo Creek 1,200 

feet south of a public road 1.8 miles northwest of Annona, 

Red River County, Tex.

This species differs from P. alata (Marsson) Cushman, 

in having a larger number of chambers in the adult whorl, 

more nearly biconvex form, and the aperture more 

rounded.

Navarro age.

Neylandville marl. Texas, Navarro County (66). 

Saratoga chalk. Arkansas, Hempstead County (80, 81); Howard

County (79). 

Taylor age. 

Upper part of Taylor marl. Red River County (106, 107);

Lamar County (112); Hunt County (115, 116); Kaufman

County. (125, 128); Navarro County (132). 

Pecan Gap chalk member of Taylor marl. Texas, Delta County

(165, 166); Collin County (170, 172). 

Annona chalk. Texas, Red River County (196). 

Lower part of Taylor marl. Texas, Kaufman County (229);

Ellis County (234); McLennan County (238); Falls

County (244).

Pulvinulinella glabrata Cushman

Plate 59, figure 10 

Pulvinulinella glabrata Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research

Contr., vol. 14, p. 66, pi. 11, fig. 4, 1938. 

Cushman and Todd, idem, vol. 19, p. 70, pi. 12, fig. 8, 1943. 

Cushman and Deaderick, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 18, p. 339, 

pi. 53, figs. 23, 24, 1944.

Test very small, trochoid, biconvex, ventral side umbilicate, periphery subacute; chambers distinct, about 6 in 

the adult whorl, of uniform shape, increasing very gradually in size as added, not inflated; sutures on the dorsal 

side slightly limbate, strongly oblique, very slightly 

curved, not depressed, on the ventral side nearly radial, 

slightly depressed; wall smooth and polished; aperture 

elongate, elliptical, in the axis of coiling, ventrally just 

below the periphery. Diameter 0.20 to 0.25 mm., height 

0.10 mm.

The types are from the Corsicana marl % mile west of 

Kimbro and 2 miles south of Manda, Travis County, Tex.

The species occurs in beds of Navarro age and rarely 

in beds of Taylor age. It differs from Pulvinulinella 

temna Cushman in having no keel, fewer chambers, 

umbilicate ventral side, and polished surface.

Navarro age.

Corsicana marl. Texas, Travis County (34, 36, 40-42).

Arkadelphia marl. Arkansas, Hempstead County (73).

Ripley formation. Tennessee, McNairy County (94). 

Taylor age.

Upper part of Taylor marl. Texas, Hunt County (115).

Marlbrook marl. Arkansas, Clark County.

Pulvinulinella iiavarroana Cushman

Plate 60, figure 1

Pulvinulinella navarroana Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 14, p. 66, pi. 11, fig. 5, 1938.

Test biconvex, trochoid, periphery acute, with a distinct keel; chambers fairly distinct, about 10 in the adult 

whorl, of rather uniform shape, increasing very gradually 

in size as added, not inflated; sutures distinctly limbate, 

strongly oblique on the dorsal side, ventrally. nearly radial, somewhat sigmoid, ending in an umbonal clear area 

at the center; wall distinctly perforate, slightly granular; 

aperture narrow, elongate, in the plane of coiling, just 

ventral to the periphery. Diameter 0.50 to 0.55 mm., 

.height 0.20 to 0.22 mm.

The types are from the basal part of the Kemp clay, 

branch of Mustang Creek 1 mile west-southwest of Noack 

and 900 feet downstream from road, Williamson County, 

Tex.

The distribution of this species seems to be confined 

to beds of Navarro age. It differs from Pulvinulinella 

texana Cushman in the larger number of chambers, more 

distinctly limbate sutures that tend to become sigmoid 

on the ventral side and much straighter on the dorsal side.

Navarro age. 

Kemp clay. Texas, Navarro County (7); Williamson County

(12).

Corsicana marl. Texas, Falls County (32). 

Arkadelphia marl. Arkansas, Hempstead County (73). 

Prairie Bluff chalk. Alabama, Sumter County (101).

Pulvinulinella ripleyeiisis Sandidge

Plate 60, figure 2

Pulvinulinella ripleyensis Sandidge, Am. Midland Naturalist, vol. 

13, p. 315, pi. 29, figs. 7-9, 1932.

Test biconvex, conical on ventral side, a small umbilical knob 

at the apex, slightly rounded on dorsal side, peripheral margin 

acute, not flanged; chambers numerous, 5 in last whorl; wall 

smooth; sutures distinct, flush, visible as fine dark lines; on dorsal 

side spiral suture coils toward proloculum at center of test, transverse sutures crossing whorls at short curved lines bending contrary 

to the direction of coiling; on ventral side transverse sutures 

extend from central apex to margin, curving away from the apertural faces of the chambers; aperture a narrow slit on the ventral 

side at the base of the last-formed chamber, near the periphery, 

parallel to the plane of coiling. Diameter of the holotype, 0.15 

mm.

The types of this species are from beds of Ripley age 

in a low cut on the Montgomery-Greenville highway just 

opposite the Sandy Ridge Negro School, about S1/^ miles 

north of Fort Deposit, Lowndes County, Ala. Sandidge 

records it from the lower part of the Navarro of Texas. 

The only material available that seems to be identical is 

from the Prairie Bluff chalk, U. S. Highway 80, 2.4 miles 

east-southeast of the Southern Railway underpass at 

Livingston, Sumter County, Ala. (101).

Pulvinulinella? florealis (White) Cushman

Plate 59, figures 11, 12

Gyroidina florealis White, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 2, p. 293 pi 

40, figs. 3a-c, 1928.

Pulvinulinella alata Cushman and Jarvis (not Marsson), U. S. 

Nat. Mus. Proc., vol. 80, art. 14, p. 48, pi. 15, figs 1 2 

1932. ' '

Test trochoid, planoconvex, ventral side very strongly 

convex, dorsal side flattened or even slightly concave 

except in the center, which is slightly raised; periphery 

strongly keeled and developing a flat carina, which is 

often broken; chambers usually 6 to 8 in the adult whorl, 

distinct, inflated on the ventral side, but little if at all 

on the dorsal side; sutures distinct, those of the ventral 

side sigmoidally curved and very slightly depressed, those 

of the dorsal side strongly oblique, distinctly limbate; 

wall smooth, but distinctly perforate; aperture ventral, 

developing a linear opening close to and parallel with the
CHILOSTOMELLIDAE 145

peripheral margin. Diameter 0.80 to 1.00 mm., height 

0.50 mm.

The types of this species are from the Upper Cretaceous 

Velasco shale from a 60-foot sample in the International 

'Petroleum Co. well Cacalilao No. 112, west of Tampico, 

Mexico. AVhite gives its range as rare from the uppermost beds of the Papagallos to the lower Velasco but 

becoming common toward the upper portion of that formation. Specimens are figured here from the Upper 

Cretaceous of a pit at Lizard Springs, near Guayaguayare, 

Trinidad, which seem to be the same as the specimen 

from the Velasco shale of Mexico. The generic position 

of this species is somewhat in doubt as the apertural 

characters are difficult to determine.

Pulviiiulinelln cf. P. alata (Marsson) Cushman

A few specimens have already been recorded as this 

species from the Saratoga chalk (Cushman, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 5, p.'311, pi. 36, figs. 5a-c, 1931) and from the 

Pecan Gap chalk (idem, vol. 6, p. 342, 1932), These 

have been compared with topotypes of Marsson's species 

from the Senonian of the Island of Riigen, Germany, and, 

though much like them, are not in sufficient numbers to 

make the identity of the American forms certain.

Navarro age. Saratoga chalk. Arkansas, Howard County (79). 

Taylor marl, Pecan Gap chalk member. Texas, Delta County 

(167).

Pulviiiulinclla vclascoeiisis (Cushman) Cushman and Jarvis

Plate 60, figure 3

Truncatulina velascoensis Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 1, pt. 1, p. 20, pi. 3, fig. 2, 1925; Am. 

Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., vol. 10, p. 606, pi. 21, 

fig. 8, 1926.

Pulvinulinella velascoensis Cushman and Jarvis, U. S. Nat. Mus. 

Proc., vol. 80, art. 14, p. 48, pi. 14, figs. 6a-c, 1932.

Rutalia velascoensis White, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 2, p. 290, 

pi. 39, figs. 5a-c, 1928.

Test nearly bilaterally symmetrical, with a very thin, 

broad keel; chambers all visible from the dorsal side, only 

those in the last-formed whorl from the ventral side, 

about 10 chambers in the last-formed whorl, fewer in the 

earlier whorls; chambers distinct, especially from the 

ventral side; sutures on the dorsal side raised and confluent, on the ventral side slightly depressed, curved; wall 

smooth on the ventral side, the dorsal side with an excavated area over each chamber; aperture elongate, narrow, 

on the ventral side of the last-formed chamber nearly in 

the axis of coiling. Diameter up to 1.20 mm., height 

0.40 mm.

The types are from the Upper Cretaceous Velasco shale 

5 km. southwest of La Bolsa, on the west side Moctezuma 

River, Hacienda Santa Ines, San Luis Potosi, Mexico. 

This is a common and rather striking species in the 

Velasco shale of Mexico. It is also found in typical 

form in the Upper Cretaceous material from a pit at 

Lizard Springs, near Guayaguayare, southeastern Trinidad.

Genus CASSIDUUNA D'Orbigny, 1826 

Cassidulina cretacea Cushman

Plate 60, figure 4

Cassidulina cretacea Cushman, Tennessee Div. Geology Bull. 41, 

p. 56, pi. 10, figs. 3a-c, 1931.

Test small, compressed, periphery rounded, becoming

subacute; chambers distinct, broadly rhomboid, 4 pairs

'making up the last-formed whorl; sutures distinct, very

slightly if at all depressed; wall smooth; aperture elongate, narrow, at the middle of the inner margin of the 

chamber. Diameter 0.25 mm., thickness 0.12 mm.

The types of this species are from the Coon Creek 

tongue of the Ripley formation, Dave Week's place on 

Coon Creek, McNairy County, Tenn. (97).

This is a very small and an apparently primitive species of the genus. It has been found only in the material 

from Coon Creek.

Family CHILOSTOMELLIDAE

Genus ALLOMORPHINA Reuss, 1850

Allomorphina minuta Cushman

Plate 60, figure 6

Allomorphina minuta Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research 

Contr., vol. 12, p. 72, pi. 13, figs. 3a-c, 1936; idem, vol. 20, 

p. 14, pi. 3, fig. 7, 1944.

Test small, trochoid, with a depressed spire, ventral 

side flattened or slightly convex, dorsal side slightly convex, periphery rounded; chambers triserially arranged, 

enlarging rapidly as added, slightly inflated; sutures 

rather indistinct, except in the last whorl, very slightly 

depressed; wall smooth, distinctly perforate; aperture on 

the ventral side with a distinct, arched, overhanging lip. 

Length 0.15 mm., breadth 0.12 mm., height 0.08 mm.

The types of this species are from the Gober tongue of 

the Austin chalk in an east-facing slope on the public 

road east of the junction with U. S. Highway 69 1 mile 

east of Trenton, Fannin County, Tex. It is a very small 

species and easily overlooked.

Taylor marl. Pecan Gap chalk member. Texas, Delta County

(166). 

Austin chalk.

Gober tongue. Texas, Fannin County (278).

Austin chalk. Texas, Dallas County (306).

Allomorphina trochoides (Reuss) Cushman and Jarvis

Plate 60, figure 7 

Globigerina trochoides Reuss, Verstein. bb'hm. Kreideformation,

pt. 1, p. 36, pi. 12, fig. 22, 1845; Haidinger's Naturw. Abh.,

vol. 4, pt. 1, p. 37, pi. 3, fig. 5, 1851. 

Valvulina trochoides Franke, Preuss. geol. Landesanstalt Abh.,

new ser., vol. Ill, p. 162, pi. 15, figs. 2a-c, 1928. 

Allomorphina trochoides Cushman and Jarvis, U. S. Nat. Mus.

Proc., vol. 80, art. 14, p. 49, pi. 15, figs. 3a-c, 1932. 

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 12,

p. 71, 1936.

Test triserial, consisting of a conical early portion and 

an inflated later portion made up of the last 3 chambers 

in the adult; chambers of the early portion rather indistinct, last 3 greatly inflated and subglobular; sutures of 

the last portion distinct and depressed, early sutures 

obscure; wall smooth; aperture an elongate slit at the 

base of the last-formed chamber. Length 0.35 mm., diameter 0.30-0.35 mm.

This species was described by Reuss from the Upper 

Cretaceous of central Europe. A form assigned to this 

species occurs in the Upper Cretaceous beds in the pit at 

Lizard Springs, near Guayaguayare, southeastern Trinidad. A somewhat similar form occurs in the Velasco 

shale of the Tampico Embayment region of Mexico. It 

is possible that the form from Trinidad may be related to 

A. velascoensis Cushman.

Allomorphina navarroana Cushman

Plate 60, figure 5

Allomorpkina navarroana Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 12, p. 73, pi. 13, figs, la-c, 1936. 

Cushman and Todd, idem, vol. 19, p. 70, "pi. 12, fig. 9, 1943.

Test of rather small size, trochoid, slightly longer than 

broad, height and breadth about equal, spire low but test
146 UPPER CRETACEOUS FORAMINIFERA OF GULF COASTAL REGION

not much compressed, periphery generally rounded; 

chambers distinct, very slightly inflated in early portion, 

last 2 of the final whorl making up a very large proportion of the test, triserially arranged in the young, almost 

biserial in the adult; sutures distinct, very slightly depressed; wall smooth, finely perforate; aperture ventral, 

elongate, low, with a distinct, overhanging lip. Length 

0.30-0.35 mm., breadth 0.25 mm., thickness 0.25 mm.

The types are from the Corsicana marl in the Corsicana marl pit near Corsicana, Navarro County, Tex.

This species differs from A. velascoensis Cushman in 

the lower, less pointed spire, and less inflated chambers, 

with the last two making up a very large part of the test. 

The species tends toward Chilostomella. It is characteristic of the Corsicana marl and occurs also in the 

Kemp clay.

Navarro age.

Kemp clay. Texas, Williamson County (12). 

.Corsicana marl. Texas, Navarro County (25, 27); Travis 

County (39). .

Alloinorphiiia velascoensis Cushman

Plate 60, figure 8

Allomorphina velascoensis Cushman, Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., vol. 10, p. 604, pi. 20, figs. 20a-c, 1926; Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 12, p. 72, pi. 13, 

figs. 2a-c, 1936.

Cushman and Hedberg, idem, vol. 17, p. 98, pi 23. fig. 15, 

1941.

Test small, in dorsal view subtriangular, in side view 

broadly oval, consisting of a few chambers, 3 making up 

each coil, the chambers rapidly increasing in size as 

added, inflated.; sutures distinct but only slightly depressed; aperture on the ventral side near the central 

point, with a distinct overhanging lip. Length 0.30 mm., 

breadth 0.30 mm., thickness 0.22 mm.

The only records for this species are from the Upper 

Cretaceous Velasco shale of the Tampico Embayment 

region of Mexico and the Colon shale of Colombia.

Genus CHILOSTOMELLA Reuss, 1850 

Chilostomella cf. C. ovoidea Reuss

Plate 66, figure 14

Chilostomella cf. ovoidea Reuss, Cushman and Hedberg, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 17, p. 98, pi. 23, 

fig. 16, 1941.

Specimens somewhat questionably referred to this species are rare in the Colon shale of Colombia.

Genus PULLENIA Parker and Jones, 1862 

Pullenia americana Cushman

Plate 60, figures 13, 14 

Pullenia americana Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research

Contr., vol. 12, p. 76, pi. 13, figs. 4, 5, 1936. 

Pullenia quinqueloba Cushman and Church (not Reuss), California Acad. Sci. Proc., 4th ser., vol. 18, p. 517, pi. 41, 

figs. 10, 11, 1929.

Cushman; Tennessee Div. Geology Bull. 41, p. 57, pi. 10, 

figs. 4a, b, 1931; Jour. Paleontology, vol. 5, p. 313, pi. 36, 

figs. 3a, b, 1931; idem, vol. 6, p. 342, 1932.

Sandidge, Am. Midland Naturalist, vol. 13, p. 365, pi. 33, 

figs. 1, 2, 1932.

Cushman and Todd, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., 

vol. 19, p. 7, pi. 1, fig. 16, 1943.

Cushman, idem, vol. 20, p. 14, pi. 3, fig. 6, 1944.

Cushman and Deaderick, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 18, p. 339, 

pi. 53, fig. 25, 1944. 

Test planispiral in the adult, completely involute, much 

compressed, slightly umbilicate, periphery rounded; 

chambers distinct, somewhat inflated, 5 to 6 in the adult

coil, increasing very gradually in size as added; sutures 

distinct, somewhat depressed, slightly curved; wall 

smooth, finely perforate; aperture elongate, at the 

base of the apertural face, low at the sides, considerably higher in the middle. Height 0.35 to 0.45 mm., 

breadth 0.30 to 0.40 mm., thickness 0.20 to 0.25 mm.

The types are from the Taylor marl along a public road 

5 miles southeast of Taylor, Tex., and 1 mile southeast of 

a bridge over the Mustang Creek from the crest of the 

north-facing slope of the creek valley.

It differs from P. coryelli White in the much greater 

compression of the test, higher apertural face, and wider 

aperture in the central portion.

The species is characteristic of the upper beds of Taylor 

age but is found also in the lower beds of Navarro age.

Navarro age.

Corsicana marl. Texas, Bexar County (46).

Prairie Bluff chalk. Alabama, Wilcox County (99); Sumter

County (101, 102). 

Ripley formation. Tennessee, McNairy County (94); Henderson County (96).

Selma chalk (upper part). Alabama, Marengo County (104). 

Neylandville marl. Texas, Kaufman County (60); Navarro

County (63, 64).

Saratoga chalk. Arkansas, Hempstead County (81). 

Taylor age. 

Upper part of Taylor marl. Texas, Red River County (106,

107); Hunt County (115, 116); Collin County (121);

Rockwall County (124); Williamson County (142); Bexar

County (162). 

Marlbrook marl. Arkansas, Clark County; Howard County;

Hempstead County.

Ozan formation. Arkansas, Little River County (254). 

Pecan Gap chalk member of Taylor marl. Texas, Delta County

(165, 166); Hunt County (168). 

Selma chalk (middle part). Tennessee, Hardin County (255).

Mississippi, Alcorn County (257, 259); Lee County (265,

267). 

Wolfe City sand member of Taylor marl. Texas, Collin County

(180, 181, 183); Navarro County (188). 

Annona chalk. Texas, Red River County (196-198).

Pullenia cretacea Cushman

Plate 60, figure 9 

Pullenia cretacea Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research

Contr., vol. 12, p. 75, pi. 13, figs. 8a, b, 1936. 

Cushman and Hedberg, idem, vol. 17, p. 98> pi. 23, figs. 17a.

b, 1941. 

Cushman and Todd, idem, vol. 19, p. 7, pi. 1, figs. 14a, b,

1943.

Pullenia quaternaria Cushman (not Reuss), Tennessee Div. Geology Bull. 41, p. 57, pi. 10, figs. 5a, b, 1931; Jour. Paleontology, vol. 5, p. 313, pi. 36. figs. 4a, b, 1931; idem, vol. 6, 

p. 343, 1932.

Sandidge, idem, vol. 6, p. 284, pi. 44, figs. 16, 17, 1932. 

Pullenia coryelli Loetterle (not White), Nebraska Geol. Survey 

Bull., 2d ser., Bull. 12, p. 63, pi. 11, figs. 3a, b, 1937.

Test subglobular, planispiral in the adult, completely 

involute, often somewhat compressed, very slightly umbilicate, periphery broadly rounded; chambers distinct, 

slightly if at all inflated, about 5 in the adult coil, increasing gradually in size as added; sutures distinct, depressed 

very slightly if at all, radial, or slightly curved; wall 

smooth, distinctly perforate; aperture elongate, narrow, 

at the base of the apertural face, extending from one 

umbilicus to the other, with a slightly overhanging lip. 

Diameter 0.30 to 0.35 mm., thickness 0.20 to 0.28 mm.

The types are from the Selma chalk 1% miles west of 

Sardis on the Sardis-Henderson road, Henderson County, 

Tenn.

The species has a range similar to that of P. americana 

Cushman, occurring in the lower beds of Navarro age 

and upper beds of Taylor age. Loetterle apparently had 

the species from the Pierre shales of South Dakota and
GLOBIGERINIDAE 147

Nebraska, and it is recorded from the Colon shale of 

Colombia.

P. cretacea may be distinguished from P. americana by 

its much broader form in front view and broadly rounded 

periphery.

Navarre age. 

Ripley formation. Tennessee, McNairy County (94, 95)'; Henclerson County (96). 

Sclma chalk (upper part). Mississippi, Prentiss County (91);

Union County (92). Tennessee, McNairy County (98).

Alabama, Marengo County (104). 

Neylandville marl. Texas, Red River County (50); Hunt

County (53, 54); Kaufman County (58, 60-62); Navarro

County (63, 66-68). 

Saratoga chalk. Arkansas, Howard County (79); Hempstead

County (80, 81). 

Taylor age. 

Upper part of Taylor marl. Texas, Red River County (105-

108); LaiTuir County (110, 111); Hunt County (115);

Collin County (120, 122); Kaufman County (125, 128, 129,

131); Navarro County (132, 134); Bexar County (152). 

Anacacho limestone (upper part). Bexar County (164). 

Ozan formation. Arkansas, Little River County (254). 

Sclma chalk (middle part). Mississippi, Prentiss County (260,

261); Lee County (264, 266). 

Wolfe City sand member of Taylor marl. Texas, Navarro

County (188). 

Lower part of Taylor marl. Texas, Delta County (206).

Pulleniu miiuita Cushman

Plate 60, figure 12 

Pullenia minuta Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr.,

vol. 12, p. 77, pi. 13, figs. 7a, b, 1936. 

Cushman and Todd, idem, vol. 19, p. 8, pi. 1, fig. 17, 1943; 

idem, vol. 19, p. 70, pi. 12, fig. 10, 1943.

Test minute, planispiral in adult, completely involute, 

very slightly umbilicate, compressed, periphery broadly 

rounded, tending to become slightly angled in the last 

portion; chambers distinct, somewhat inflated, about 5 in 

the adult coil, increasing regularly in size as added, uniform in shape; sutures distinct, somewhat depressed, distinctly curved, often sigmoid; wall smooth, finely perforate; aperture low, of even height, extending from one 

umbilicus to the other. Length 0.18-0.20 mm., breadth 

0.15 mm., thickness 0.10 mm.

The types of the species are from the Corsicana marl in 

the clay pit of the Corsicana Brick Co. near Corsicana, 

Tex.

It is characteristic of the upper beds of Navarro age.

Navarro age. 

Kemp clay. Texas, Navarro County (7); Williamson County

. (12).

Corsicana marl. Texas, Hunt County (24); Navarro County 

(26, 27); Falls.County (32); Travis County (40); Bexar 

County (46); Limestone County (30). 

Prairie Bluff chalk. Mississippi, Chickasaw County (85).

Pullenia coryelli White

Plate 60, figures 10, 11 

Pullenia coryelli White, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 3, p. 56, pi. 5,

fig. 22, 1929. 

Cushman and Jarvis, U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc., vol. 80, art. 14,

p. 50, pi. 15, figs. 5a, b, 1932. 

' Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 12,

p. 74, 1936. 

Cushman and Todd, idem, vol. IQ, p. 6, pi. 1, figs. 18a, b,

1943. 

Cushman and Deaderick, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 18, p. 339,

pi. 53, fig. 26, 1944.

Pullenia sphaeroides Cushman (not D'Orbigny), Am. Assoc. 

Petroleum Geologists Bull., vol. 10, p. 605, pi. 21, figs. 

2a, b, 1926.

Test subspherical, periphery very broadly rounded, 

slightly umbilicate; chambers distinct, but not inflated,

increasing slowly in size as added, 6 or 7 in the final coil; 

sutures distinct, very slightly if at all depressed; wall 

smooth, finely perforate; aperture an elongate, curved 

opening, at the base of the apertural face from the umbilical region on one side to that on the other, with a 

slightly overhanging lip. Diameter up to 0.50 mm.

This species was originally described from the Upper 

Cretaceous Velasco shale of-the Tampico Embayment 

region of Mexico. It occurs also in the Upper Cretaceous 

beds in the pit at Lizard Springs, near Guayaguayare, 

southeastern Trinidad.

It is somewhat larger than P. cretacea Cushman and 

has more chambers in the adult coil.

Navarro age. Saratoga chalk. Arkansas, Howard County (79). 

Taylor- age. Marlbrook marl. Arkansas, Howard County.

Pullenia jarvisi Cushman

Plate 60, figure 15 

Pullenia jarvisi Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr.,

vol. 12, p. 77, pi. 13, figs. 6a, b, 1936. 

Cushman and Todd, idem, vol. 19, p. 9, pi. 1, figs. 15a, b.

1943.

Pullenia quinqueloba Cushman and Jarvis (not Reuss), U. S. Nat. 

Mus. Proc., vol. 80, art. 14, p. 49, pi. 15, figs. 4a, b, 1932.

Test planispiral in the adult, completely involute, 

periphery in side view lobulate, in front view broadly 

rounded, somewhat depressed, umbilici deep; chambers 

distinct, somewhat inflated, about 5 in the adult coil, 

of uniform shape, increasing rather rapidly in size as 

added; sutures distinct, depressed, somewhat sigmoid; 

wall smooth, finely perforate; aperture low, extending 

from one umbilicus to the other, higher in the median 

line, apertural face strongly convex. Length 0.60 mm., 

breadth 0.55 mm., thickness 0.30 mm.

The types are from the Upper Cretaceous beds in the 

pit at Lizard Springs, near Guayaguayare, southeastern 

Trinidad. The species occurs also in the Upper Cretaceous Velasco shale of the Tampico Embayment region 

of Mexico.

It may be distinguished from P. coryelli White by the 

more compressed test, fewer chambers, higher apertural 

face and more lobulate periphery.

Family GLOBIGERINIDAE

Genus HASTIGERINELLA Cushman, 1927

Hastigerinella moremani Cushman

Plate 61, figures 1-3

Hastigerinella moremani Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 7, p. 86, pi. 11, figs. 1-3, 1931.

Test somewhat trochoid, but the spire very much depressed so that the chambers are-for the most part in 

a single plane in the adult whorl; chambers in the early 

portion globular, later becoming more elongate, clavate, 

and slightly expanded toward the tip, usually 5 chambers in each whorl; sutures distinct, slightly depressed; 

wall finely spinose throughout, slightly more so toward 

the tip of the elongate chambers; aperture mostly ventral, 

..with a slightly overhanging lip. Diameter 0.18 to 0.25 

mm., thickness 0.05 to 0.08 mm.

The types are from the Eagle Ford shale 1 mile north 

of Lovelace, Hill County, Tex. (369).

This species represents a primitive form of the genus, 

and unless specimens are found in the Lower Cretaceous 

it indicates the beginnings of this genus. The early 

stages of the species are trochoid and closely allied to 

Globigerinas of the same formation. The later chambers are gradually more and more elongate. In a superficial way they resemble Globigerina subdigitata Carman,
148 UPPER CRETACEOUS FORAMINIFERA OF GULF COASTAL REGION

from the Niobrara chalk of Wyoming, and also G. digitata H. B. Brady, from the present ocean. The chambers 

are distinctly clavate, somewhat similar to those of 

Hastigerinella watersi Cushman, from the Austin chalk, 

but are very different in their shape in the adult chambers, as a comparison of the two forms will show.

Hastigerinella alexanderi Cushman

Plate 61, figures 4-7 ' - Hastigerinella alexanderi Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 7, p. 87, pi. 11, figs. 6-9, 1931.

Test nearly planispiral, the early chambers largely 

concealed from both sides; chambers greatly expanded 

in the adult coil, consisting typically of 6 chambers, but 

occasionally of only 5, the earliest subglobular, but 

quickly expanding and greatly elongating, tapering rather 

uniformly to a pointed outer end; sutures distinct, 

slightly depressed; wall nearly smooth,.or finely hispid; 

aperture nearly at the peripheral margin at the base of. 

the chambers, with a very slight lip. Diameter 0.60 to 

0.75 mm., thickness 0.10 to 0.12 mm.

The types are from yellowish calcareous clay of Austin 

chalk age in the eastern slope of a deep road cut between 

two railroad underpasses near the north edge of the town 

of Howe, Grayson County, Tex.

This species represents the highest development of the 

genus so far known in the Upper Gretacous. The very 

elongate chambers give a stellate appearance to the test, 

and the shape of the individual chambers is very distinct 

from that of any of the other known species.

Austin age.

Bonham marl. Texas, Grayson County (328). 

Lower part of Austin chalk. Texas, Grayson County (335).

Hastigerinella watersi Cushman

Plate 61, figures 8, 9 

Hasiigerinella watersi Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research

Contr., vol. 7, p. 86, pi. 11, figs. 4, 5, 1931. 

Loetterle, Nebraska Geol. Survey Bull., 2d ser., Bull. 12, 

p. 46, pi. 7, figs. 6a, b, 1937.

Test slightly trochoid, the spire very much depressed 

so that all the chambers appear to be nearly in one plane; 

earliest chaniber.s subglobular and very small compared 

to the later chambers, the spire that they form being in 

a depressed area of the dorsal side, later chambers 

gradually increasing in size, and in the adult whorl becoming more and more elongate, the final chambers being 

about 5 times as long as broad, the base widest, thence 

gradually and slightly tapering toward the outer end, 

which is again expanded to form a slightly bulbous tip; 

sutures distinct, depressed; wall finely spinose throughout, the outer end of each chamber slightly coarser, and 

possibly forming the base of elongate spines; aperture on 

the ventral side, and extending toward the periphery, 

with a slight overhanging lip. Diameter 0.80 mm., 

thickness 0.10 mm.

The types are from yellowish calcareous clay of Austin 

chalk age in the eastern slope of a deep road cut between 

two railroad underpasses near the north edge of the 

town of Howe, Grayson County, Tex.

This species represents a decided advance over its 

predecessors. The spire is depressed so that the species 

represents a development apparently from Globigerinella. 

In the early stages, in the last-formed whorl, the chambers somewhat resemble those of Hastigerinella moremom Cushman, but in the adult, the peculiar elongate, 

tapering chambers with a distinct bulbous tip are markedly different and distinctive. From the coarseness of

the spines at the tips of the adult chambers it is to be 

expected that there were developed when the form was 

living, very elongate spines similar to those developed 

in the Recent species of the genus.

Austin chalk.

Bonham marl. Texas, Grayson County (328). 

Lower part of Austin chalk. Texas, Grayson County (335).

Hastigerinella simplex Morrow

Plate 61, figure 10 

Hastigerinella simplex Morrow, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 8, p. 198,

pi. 30, figs. 6a, b, 1934.

Loetterle, Nebraska Geol. Survey Bull., 2d ser., Bull. 12, p. 

46, pi. 7, figs. 5a, b, 1937.

Test moderately trochoid; chambers in the early portion globular, the penultimate chamber becoming slightly elongate and the 

final chamber strongly elongate and evenly rounded at the end; 

chambers about 4 in the final whorl; sutures distinct, moderately 

depressed; wall finely spinose; aperture indistinct. Diameter 

0.50 mm., thickness about 0.2 mm.

As originally noted by Morrow, this species is very 

close to Globigerina, and the earlier portion would certainly be placed under that genus. The types are from 

the Upper Cretaceous Greenhorn formation, Hartland 

shale member, sec. 31, T. 21 S., R. 22 W., Hodgeman 

County, Kans. Loetterle records it from the Niobrara 

chalk of Nebraska and South Dakota. It occurs in the 

present material from the Austin chalk.

Family HANTKENINIDAE

Genus SCHACKOINA Thalmann, 1932

Schackoina multispinata (Cushman and Wickenden) Cushman

Plate 61, figures 11, 12

Hantkenina multispinata Cushman and Wickenden, Cushman Lab. 

Foram. Research Contr., vol. 6, p. 40, pi. 6, figs. 4-6, 1930. 

Cushman, idem, vol. 7, p. 88, pi. 11, figs. 10, 11, 1931. 

Howe and Wallace, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 8, p. 36, pi. 5,

fig. 16, 1934.

Schackoina multispinata Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Special Pub. 5, pi. 35, figs. 9, 10, 1933.

Test planispiral in general, the adult chambers slightly 

out of alinement; earlier chambers globular but very 

early developing a distal tubular extension, in general in 

a radial position; later chambers polyhedral and with 

as many as 5 tubular processes, 3 chambers making up 

each coil; sutures fairly distinct, slightly depressed; wall 

smooth, calcareous, thick, finely perforate; aperture a 

low, arched opening at the base of the chamber, in the 

earlier stages in the median line but in the adult extending outward to the umbilical area, at least on one side, 

with a thin lip over the opening. Length of adult about 

0.24 mm., thickness at umbilicus 0.09 mm., at periphery 

of last chamber 0.18 mm.

The types of this species are from the Upper Cretaceous, NEi/4 sec. 11, T. 6 N., R. 8 W. of ^ 1st principal 

meridian, on the north bank of the Boyne River, southern 

Manitoba. It also occurs in a band of calcareous shale 

on the south bank of the Vermillion River half a mile 

above the crossing of a trail into Riding Mountain Forest 

Reserve. Specimens apparently identical occur at the 

following localities:

Taylor marl, Pecan Gap chalk member. Texas, Rockwall County

(176). 

Austin chalk, lower part. Texas, Grayson County (335).

Schackoina trituberculata (Morrow) Loelterle

Plate 61, figures 13-16 

Hantkenina trituberculata Morrow, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 8, p.

195, pi. 29, figs. 24, 26-28, 1934. 

Schackoina trituberculata Loetterle, Nebraska Geol. Survey Bull.,

2d ser., Bull. 12, p. 47, pi. 7, figs. 7a, b, 1937.
GLOBOROTALIIDAE 149

Test small, almost planispiral; chambers globular in all stages, 

usually nearly spherical, in last whorl possessing from 1 to 3 long, 

distal, tubular extensions sometimes more than twice the length 

of the diameter of the globose part of the chamber. If only one 

tube occurs it lies in the median plane, if two they lie on either 

side of this plane, and if three occur one is median and the others 

paired beside it. The tubes join the bulbous chamber quite 

abruptly with very little flaring. There are usually three chambers 

in the last whorl though occasionally four. Length of longest 

specimen 0.75 mm.; diameter of last chamber 0.16 mm.

The types are from the Upper Cretaceous Hartland 

shale member of the Greenhorn formation, sec. 31, T. 

21 S., R. 22 W., Hodgeman County, Kans. Morrow also 

records it from the Smoky Hill member of the Niobrara 

formation of Kansas. Loetterle records it from the 

Niobrara formation of Nebraska and South Dakota; 

also from the Smoky Hill member.

Family GLOBOROTALIIDAE

Genus GLOBOTRUNCANA Cushman, 1927

Globotruncana canaliculata (Reuss) Cushmaii

Plate 61, figures 17, IS 

Rosalind canaliculata Reuss, Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-naturwiss.

Kl., Denkschr., vol. 7, pt. 1, p. 70, pi. 26, fig. 4,1854. 

Globigerina canaliculata Egger, K. bayer. Akad. Wiss., Math.- 

naturh, Abt., Abh., Kl. 2, vol. 21, pt. 1, p. 172, pi. 21, figs. 

15-17, 24-26, 1899. 

Globotnmcana canaliculata Cushman, Cushman Lab; Foram.

Research Contr., vol. 3, p. 116, pi. 23, figs, lla-c, 1927. 

White, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 2, p. 282, pi. 38, fig. 3, 1928. 

Cushman, idem, vol. 6, p. 343, pi. 51, figs. 14a-c, 1932. 

Cushman and Deaderick, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research

Contr., vol. 18, p. 65, pi. 15, figs. 23-27, 1942. 

Cushman, idem, vol. 20, p. 14, pi. 3, fig. 8, 1944. 

Cushman and Goudkoff, idem, vol. 20, p. 62, pi. 10, fig. 10, 

1944.

Test with the dorsal and ventral sides generally parallel, or even slightly concave, with raised edges; chambers few, usually 5 to 7 in the adult whorl, increasing 

rather rapidly but regularly in size as added, not inflated, 

dorsal wall of each flat or slightly concave, ventral side 

flat or slightly convex; sutures very distinct, tangential 

on the dorsal side and raised on the ventral side, nearly 

radial; wall smooth in the middle of the chambers but 

the sutures and periphery with raised beads or short, 

blunt spines; aperture along the ventral margin of the 

last-formed chamber. Diameter 0.25 to 0.45 mm., thickness 0.05 to 0.12 mm.

The types, of this species are from the Senonian of 

Europe. A typical specimen from Bavaria is figured 

here for comparison. In the American Cretaceous it is 

widely distributed and has a fairly long range, as have 

many of these pelagic species. There is considerable 

variation in specimens, even from the same sample, but 

in general those forms with nearly parallel faces and 

truncate or grooved periphery have been included here.

Navarro age.

Corsicana marl. Texas, Travis County (43).

Neylandville marl. Texas, Hunt County (55); Rockwall County (57); Kaufman County (62); Navarro County (66, 67). 

Taylor age.

Upper part of Taylor marl. Texas, Red River County (106, 108, 

109); Lamar County (110-112); Hunt County (116); 

Collin County (119-122); Rockwall County (124); Kaufman County (129, 131); Navarro County (132); Williamson County (140, 141, 143); Travis County (145); Bexar 

County (158, 161).

Pecan Gap chalk member of Taylor marl. Texas, Delta County 

(165, 166); Collin "County (169-172); McLennan County 

(177).

Wolfe City sand member of Taylor marl. Texas, Collin County 

(181-183) ;Hunt County (184); Navarro County (188).

Annona chalk. Texas, Bowie County (189); Red River County 

(188a, 191, 192, 194, 196).

Lower part of Taylor marl. Texas, Lamar County (202);

Fannin County (203, 204); Collin County (207, 213, 215);

Dallas County (220, 227); Kaufman County (228);

McLennan County (242, 243); Travis County (247, 248).

Austin age.

Gober tongue of Austin chalk. Texas, Fannin County (276).

Austin chalk. Texas, Grayson County (290, 333); Dallas County (302, 304, 325, 342, 345); Hill County (312).

Selma chalk of upper Austin age (?). Alabama, Warrior River 

(353).

Bonham marl. Texas, Lamar County (327, 330).

Brownstown marl. Arkansas, Sevier County.

Globotruncana fornicata Plummer

Plate 61, figure 19 

Globotruncana fornicata Plummer, Texas Univ. Bull. 3101, p. 198,

pi. 13, figs. 4-6, 1931'. 

Sandidge, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 6, p. 285, pi. 44, figs. 12,

13, 1932. 

Jennings, Bull. Am. Paleontology, vol. 23, No. 78, p. 37,

pi. 4, fig. 13, 1936. 

Cushman and Hedberg, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research

Contr., vol. 17, p. 99, pi. 23, figs. 18a-c, 1941. 

- . Cushman and Todd, idem, vol. 19, p. 71, 1943. 

Cushman, idem, vol. 20, p. 15, pi. 3, fig. 11, 1944. 

Cushman and Deaderick, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 18, p. 340,

pi. 53, fig. 28, 1944.

Globotruncana convexa Sandidge, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 6, p. 

285, pi. 44, figs. 9-11, 1932.

Test biconvex, periphery truncate and lobate, chambers 7 in 

final convolution, long narrow, strongly curved, smooth; dorsal 

sutures finely beaded, very strongly oblique and slightly curved; 

ventral sutures elevated and curved strongly forward in maturity, 

depressed and more nearly radial in youth; umbilicus broad and 

open; apertures from last 3 or 4 chambers of the final whorl into 

the umbilicus. Average diameter 0.4 mm.; commonly up to 

0.5 mm.

Though there is considerable variation in this species, 

as in others of the genus, it is one of the best characterized. In the present material it ranges from the lower 

-beds of Taylor age to the level of the Neylandville marl. 

It is most abundant in the upper beds of Taylor age.

It is probable that Sandidge's species belongs here.

Navarro age.

Corsicana marl. Texas, Limestone County (30).

Neylandville marl. Texas, Delta County (52); Hunt County 

(55); Rockwall County (57); Kaufman County (60-62); 

Navarro County (63, 66, 68, 69). 

Taylor age.

Upper part of Taylor marl. Texas, Red River County (105, 

109); Lamar County (111); Delta County (114); Hunt 

County (115); Collin County (119, 120); Kaufman County (125, 130); Navarro County (132); Milam County 

(139); Williamson County (140-142, 144); Travis County 

(145, 149); Hays County (150); Guadalupe County (151); 

Bexar County (152, 155, 156, 158, 159, 161, 162).

Pecan Gap chalk member of Taylor marl. Texas, Delta County 

(165, 166); Collin County (169, 171).

Selma chalk of Pecan Gap chalk age. Alabama, Marengo 

County (256).

Selma chalk (middle part). Mississippi, Alcorn County (258); 

Prentiss County (261); Lee County (264).

Wolfe City sand member of Taylor marl. Texas, Collin County 

(182, 183); Hunt County (184); Navarro County (187, 

188).

Marlbrook marl. Arkansas, Clark County; Howard County; 

Hempstead County.

Annona chalk. Texas, Red River County (191, 198).

Lower part of Taylor marl. Texas, Lamar County (201); 

Fannin County (203, 204); Delta County (206); Collin 

County (207, 208, 211-215); Dallas County (220); Kaufman County (228); Ellis County (232, 235); Hill County 

(237); McLennan County (238, 242, 243); Bell County 

(245); Travis County (247, 248).
150 UPPER CRETACEOUS FORAMIN1FERA OF GULF COASTAL REGION

Globotruncaiia marginata (Reuss) Thalmann

Plate 62, figures 1, 2 

Rosalina marginata Reuss, Verstein. bohm. Kreideformation, pt. 1,

p. 36, pi. 8, figs. 54, 74; pi. 13, fig. 68, 1845. 

Globotruncana marginata Thalmann, Eclogae geol. Helvetiae, vol.

27, p. 414, 1934. 

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 20,

p. 15, pi. 3, fig. 9, 1944.

Cushman and Deaderick, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 18, p. 340, 

pi. 53, fig. 29, 1944.

 This species has been referred to Globigerina by many 

authors, but the figures are not usually very definite and 

have not been referred to here. The species was described by Reuss from the "Planermergel," Turonian, of 

Bohemia. The specimens in the Reuss collections in 

Dresden, Vienna, and Cambridge have been studied, and 

they are all in agreement. One of the specimens from 

the last collection is figured here. The Reuss collections 

all show specimens evidently derived from a globigerinid 

ancestry, but the later chambers especially are compressed, have definite dorsal and ventral keels, and the 

periphery becomes truncated. The chambers have a 

characteristic overlapping appearance, and are not added 

in a plane but each in a slightly oblique position. There 

is considerable variation, as in other species of the genus, 

but our American forms are apparently identical with 

those named by Reuss. His figures are too minute to 

be of much value.

Specimens referred here are most abundant in .the 

beds of Austin age and lower beds of Taylor age. Occasional specimens occur somewhat higher in the section, 

but there is always a possibility that they may represent 

reworked material.

Navarro age. Neylandville marl. Texas, Kaufman County (61);

Navarro County (66, 68, 69). 

Taylor age.

Upper part of Taylor marl. Texas, Red River County (105); 

Hunt County (117)"; Collin County (120); Kaufman 

County (125); Navarro County (134); Milam County 

(139); Williamson County (144); Travis County (149). -

Pecan Gap chalk member of Taylor marl. Texas, Delta County 

(166).

Marlbrook marl. Arkansas, Clark County; Howard County; 

Hempstead County.

Ozan formation. Arkansas, Little River County (254).

Selma chalk (middle part). Mississippi, Lee County (268).

Annona chalk. Texas, Red River County (197, 198).

Lower part of Taylor marl. Texas, Red River County (199); 

Lamar County (200-202); Fannin County (203); Collin 

County (207-214); Dallas County (219, 221-225, 227); 

Kaufman County (229); Ellis County (232, 234, 235); 

Navarro County (236); Hill County (237); McLennan 

County (238-240, 242, 243); Falls County (244); Bell 

County (245); Travis County 248, 250). 

Austin age.

Burditt marl (of Adkins). Texas, Bell County (269); Travis 

County (320, 321).

Cober tongue of Austin chalk. Texas, Fannin County (272- 

277); Lamar County (283-285).

Austin chalk. Texas, Grayson County (289, 290, 333, 335, 336); 

Collin County (293-295, 324); Dallas County (296-299, 

302, 303, 305-308, 310, 326, 338, 342, 345); Hill County 

(313, 314).

Selma chalk of upper Austin age (?). Alabama, Pickens County (352); Warrior River (353).

Selma chalk (lower part). Mississippi, Itawamba County (351).

Brownstown marl. Texas, Red River County (319); Lamar 

County (320, 321).

Bonham marl. Texas, Lamar County (327, 329-331); Grayson 

County (328).

Ector tongue of Austin chalk. Texas, Grayson County (332). 

Eagle Ford shale. Texas, Dallas County (361).

Globotruncana ventricosa While

Plate 62, figure 3

Globotruncana c.analiculala (Reuss) Cushman var. ventricosa

White, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 2, p. 284, pi. 38, fig. 5, 1928.

Globotruncana ventricosa Brotzen, Sveriges geol. Undersokning,

ser. C, No. 396, p. 171, pi. 13, figs. 4a-c, text fig. 63, 1936.

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 20.

p. 96, 1944.

Specimens with a rather flat dorsal side and very convex ventral side are found in the present material, 

principally in that from the Austin chalk. These may 

be referred to White's form, which seems to be specifically 

different from G. canaliculata (Reuss) Cushman .and 

has a lower range. A copy of White's figure is given. 

His types are from Mexico, where the species is recorded 

as most abundant in the Papagallos formation.

Austin age. 

Gober tongue of Austin chalk. Texas, Fannin County (272,

274, 276). 

Austin chalk. Texas, Grayson County "(289-291, 335); Collin

County (292, 293, 295, 324); Dallas County (296, 300, 301.

303, 304, 307, 311, 326, 344); Hill County (313, 314). 

Selma chalk of. upper Austin age. Alabama, Warrior River

(353).

Bonham marl.' Grayson County (328). 

Selma chalk (lower part). Mississippi, Itawamba County (351).

Globotruncana area (Cushman) Cushman

Plate 62, figures 4, 5 

Pulvinulina area Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr.,

vol. 2, pt. 1, p. 23, pi. 3, figs, la-c, 1926. 

Globotruncana area Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research

Contr., vol. 3, p. 91, pi. 19, fig. 11, 1927; Jour. Paleontology,

vol. 1, p. 169, pi. 28, figs. 28a-c, 1927. 

Cushman and Church, California Acad. Sci. Proc., 4th ser.,

vol. 18, p. 518, pi. 41, figs. 1-3, 1929. 

Cushman, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 6, p. 343, pi. 51, figs. 13a-c,

1932. 

Jennings, Bull. Am. Paleontology, vol. 23, No. 78, p. 37

pi. 4, figs. 14a, b, 1936. 

Cole, Florida Dept Cons. Geol. Bull. 16, p. 36, pi. 4, figs.

11, 12, 1938. 

Cushman and Todd, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr.,

vol. 19, p. 71, pi. 12, fig. 11, 1943. 

Cushman, idem, vol. 20, p. 15, pi. 3, fig. 10, 1944. 

Cushman and Deaderick, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 18, p. 340,

pi. 53, fig. 30, 1944. 

Globigerina rosetta Carsey, Texas Univ. Bull. 2612, p. 44, pi. 5,

figs. 3a-c, 1926.

This species seems to be much more limited in its 

range than the many records would indicate. The 

species is biconvex, the dorsal side with a low but rather 

regular spire, the ventral side convex but with a large 

umbilical depression. " The periphery is somewhat variable even in a single specimen and may have a single keel 

or have a tendency to a somewhat obliquely truncate 

border. The chambers are usually 6 or 7 in the final 

whorl, of rather regular form, the borders somewhat' 

raised and somewhat beade.d.

The t-ypes are from the Upper Cretaceous Mendez 

shale near Huiches, Hacienda el Limon, San Luis Potosi, 

Mexico. It is fairly common -in the Mexican material^ 

particularly that from the Mendez. In Texas the species 

is almost entirely restricted to the Taylor marl with 

occasional occurrences in the Neylandville and Corsicana 

marls of the Navarro group.

Globotruncana area (Cushman) Cushman var. contusa 

(Cushman) Cushman

Plate 62, figure 6

Pulvinulina area Cushman var. contusa Cushman, Cushman Lab. 

Foram. Research Contr., vol. 2, pt. 1, p. 23, 1926.

Variety differing from the typical form in the very high
GLOBOROTALIIDAE

spire, with the sides angled and concave between the 

angles.

The types are from a locality near Coco, Haciendo el 

Limon, San Luis Potosi, Mexico.

The species resembles G. conica var. plicata White, 

but, as figured, that form has many fewer whorls.

Globotruncana conica White

Plate 61, figure 20

Globotruncana conica White, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 2'p. 285, pi. 

38, figs. 7a-c, 1928.

This form differs from the others in being convex on the dorsal 

side and that to concave on the ventral side, with a single keel. 

Diameter of t}rpe specimen, 0.7 mm.; thickness 0.4 mm.

A copy of the type figure is given here. The types are 

from the Mendez shale 2.2 kilometers east of Guerrero, 

Mexico. No specimens have been found in the material 

examined that could be referred-to this species, although 

it has been recorded from the Texas area.

Globotruiicunu conica White vur. plicata White

Plate 61, figure 21

Globotruncana conica White var. plicata White, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 2, p. 285, pi. 38, figs. 8a-c, 1928.

This form differs from the preceding in being fluted or having 

folds on the dorsal side, starting at or near the top and widening 

toward the base, causing the outline as seen from above, to appear 

fluted or polygonal. Diameter of type specimen, 0.8 mm.; thickness, 0.56 mm.

The types of the variety are from the Mendez shale 2.2 

kilometers east of Guerrero, Mexico.

This may be the same as G. area var. contusa (Gushman). A copy of the type figure is given here.

Globotruncana cretacea Cushmaii

Plate 62, figure 7

GloboLni/ncana cretacea Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research 

Contr., vol. 14, p. 67, pi. 11, figs. 6a-c, 1938; idem, vol. 15, 

p. 92, pi. 16, figs. 8a-c, 1939. 

Globotruncana area Cushman (not Cushman, 1926), Tennessee

Div. Geology Bull. 41, p. 59, pi. 11, figs. 6a-c, 1931. 

Plummer, Texas Univ. Bull. 3101, p. 195, pi. 13, figs. 7-9, 11,

1931. 

Cushman, Geol. Soc. America Bull., vol. 47, p. 419, pi. 1, figs.

14a-c, 1936. 

Loetterle, Nebraska Geol. Survey Bull., 2d ser., Bull. 12,

p. 47, pi. 7, figs. 8a, b, 1937.

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 20, 

p. 96, 1944.

Test planoconvex, dorsal side flattened, slightly convex 

or even slightly concave, ventral side convex, usually 

strongly so, periphery usually with a single keel, somewhat lobulate; chambers distinct, the last-formed almost 

semicircular in dorsal view, slightly overlapping, ventrally somewhat inflated, the side in the later chambers 

often becoming more than 45°; sutures very distinct, dorsally strongly curved, conspicuously beaded and raised, 

ventrally slightly depressed; wall smooth and conspicuously but finely perforate over the chambers, but the 

border of each chamber raised and the periphery somewhat spinose; sutures on the dorsal side beaded; aperture 

ventral, opening into the umbilical cavity, which is often 

partially covered by a thin platelike structure. Diameter 0.40 to 0.65 mm., thickness 0.15 to 0.35 mm.

The type is from the Ripley formation l 1/^ miles west 

of Sardis on the Sardis-Henderson road, Hendersoh 

County, Tenn. (96).

This species differs from G. area (Cushman) in the 

fewer chambers in the whorl, flatter dorsal side, typically

more convex ventral side, more definitely oblique sides 

to the chambers on the ventral side, and differently 

shaped chambers.

The species, like others of the genus, is very variable 

biit is usually easily distinguished from the others of the 

Upper Cretaceous. It is abundant in the beds of Austin 

and Taylor ages and ranges upward into the lower beds 

of Navarro age.

Navarro age.

Nacatoch sand. Texas, Bowie County (48).

Selma chalk (upper part). Alabama, Marengo County (104).

Ripley formation. Tennessee, Henderson County (96).

Neylandville marl. Texas, Red River County (50); Delta 

County (51, 52); Rockwall County (57); Kaufman 

County (58, 60, 62); Navarro County (63, 64, 66, 68, 69). 

Taylor age.

Upper part of Taylor marl. Texas, Red River County (1.05, 

106); Lamar County (110, 112); Fannin County (113); 

Hunt County (115, 116); Collin County (120, 121); Rockwall County (124); Kaufman County (125, 128-131); 

Navarro County (132); Limestone County (136); Leon 

County (138); Milam County (139); Williamson County (142-144); Travis County (149); Hays County (150); 

Guadalupe County (151); Bexar County (152-154).

Anacacho limestone (upper part). Texas, Bexar County (164).

Ozan formation. Arkansas, Little River County (254).

Pecan Gap chalk member of Taylor marl. Texas, Delta County 

(165, 166); Hunt County (168); Collin County (169-172); 

Kaufman County (173); Rockwall County (175); McLennan County (177).

Selma chalk of Pecan Gap chalk age. Alabama, Marengo 

County (256).

Selma chalk (middle part). Mississippi, Lee County (267).

Wolfe City sand member of Taylor marl. Texas, Collin County 

(180-183); Navarro County (188).

Annona chalk. Texas, Bowie County (189); Red River County (192-198).

Lower part of Taylor marl. Texas, Red River County (199); 

Lamar County (200); Delta County (206); Collin County (208, 209, 211); Dallas County (216, 217, 219, 221-225); 

Kaufman County (228, 229); Ellis County (234); Navarro 

County (236); Hill County (237); McLennan County 

(238-241); Falls County (244); Bell County (245); Williamson County (246); Travis County (249, 250); Comal 

County (251). 

Austin age.

Burditt marl (of Adkins). Texas, Bell County (269); Travis 

County (270, 271).

Gober tongue of Austin chalk. Texas, Fannin County (272-277, 

280, 281); Lamar County (282, 283, 285, 286, 288).

Austin chalk. Texas, Grayson County (290, 291, 333, 335, 336); 

Collin County (293-295, 324); Dallas County (296-503, 

307-310, 339, 342-345); Hill County (313, 314); Bell 

County (315, 316); Hays County (317).

Selma chalk of upper Austin age (?). Alabama, Pickens County (352); Warrior River (353).

Brownstown marl. Texas, Red River County (319).

Bonham marl. Texas, Grayson County (328); Laraar County 

(331).

Ector tongue of Austin chalk. Texas, Grayson County (332).

Selma chalk (lower part). Mississippi, Lee County (350); 

Itawamba County (351).

Globotruncana calcarata Cushman

Plate 62, figure 8

Globotruncana calcarata Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 3, p. 115, pi. 23, figs. lOa, b, 1927. 

White, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 2, p. 285, pi. 38, figs. 6a-c,

1928. 

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Special Pub. 5,

pi. 35, figs. 14a-c,,1933.

Thalmann, Eclogae geol. Helvetiae, Band 27, No. 2, p. 413 

(list), 1934.

Test trochoid, planoconvex; dorsal side flattened or 

very slightly convex, ventral side convex, umbilicate in 

the center; sides angled, periphery subacute with distinct 

spines; chambers distinct, about 6 in the adult whorl, 

of rather uniform shape, increasing gradually in size as
152 .UPPER CRETACEOUS FORAMINIFERA OF GULF COASTAL REGION

added; sutures distinct, on the dorsal side limbate, 

slightly raised and beaded, on the ventral side slightly 

depressed; wall smooth except for the raised sutures and 

a slight roughening on the ventral side; aperture a low 

opening on the ventral side. Diameter, with spines, 

0.40 to 0.60 mm., thickness 0.25 to 0.35 mm.

The types are from the Pecan Gap chalk in a cut on 

the Gulf, Colorado, & Santa Fe Railway at the north 

edge of Farmersville, Tex. White records it from 

Mexico just below the top of the Papagallos formation. 

In our material it is limited in its vertical distribution 

to the lower beds of Navarre age and the beds of Taylor 

age, most abundant in the Pecan Gap chalk and Wolfe 

City sand members of the Taylor marl.

Navarro age. Neylandville marl. Texas, Navarro County (63). 

Taylor age. 

Upper part of Taylor marl. Texas, Hunt County (116); Collin

County (118-122); Kaufman County (130); Navarro

County (132); Williamson Comity (142); Bexar County

(160). 

Pecan Gap chalk member of Taylor marl. Texas, Hunt County

(168); Collin County (170-172). 

Wolfe City sand member of Taylor marl. Texas, Navarro

County (188).

Annona chalk. Texas, Bowie County (189). 

Lower part of Taylor marl. Texas, Ellis County (234)..

Genus GLOBOROTALIA Cushman, 1927 

Cloborotalia micheliniana (D'Orbigny) Cushmaii

Plate 63, figures 2, 3

Rotalina micheliniana D'Orbigny, Soc. geol. France Mem., 1st 

ser., vol. 4, p. 31, pi. 3, figs. 1-3, 1840.

Globorotalia micheliniana Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 7, p. 45, pi. 6, figs. 8a-c, 1931; idem, 

.Special Pub. 5, pi. 35, fig. 13, 1933; Foraminifera, Ed. 3, 

pi. 35, fig. 13, 1940; Cushman Lab. Foram. Research 

Contr., vol. 20, p. 15, pi. 3, fig. 13, 1944.

Gyroidina micheliniana Cushman, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 6, p. 

342, pi. 51, figs. 12a-c, 1932.

Eponides micheliniana Plummer, Texas Univ. Bull. 3101, p. 192, 

pi. 14, fig. 11, 1931.

Truncatulina refulgens (Montfort) D'Orbigny var. cornea Carsey, 

Texas Univ. Bull. 2612, p. 46, pi. 4, fig. 15, 1926.

Gyroidina alabamensis Sandidge, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 6, p. 

283, pi. 43, figs. 13-15, 1932.

Test planoconvex, dorsal side flattened or even slightly 

concave, ventral side conical, umbilicate; periphery 

acute, sometimes with a slight keel, usually entire or 

very slightly lobulate; chambers fairly distinct, 6 or 7 

in the final whorl, increasing very gradually in size, and 

of uniform shape; sutures fairly distinct, not depressed; 

strongly oblique dorsally; wall smooth; aperture elongate, 

at the margin of the final chamber on the dorsal side. 

Diameter 0.50 to 0.65 mm., height 0.40 to 0.55 mm.

The types of this species are from the White Chalk of 

the Paris Basin. The form figured by Reuss under 

D'Orbigny's name from the Turonian of Bohemia seems 

on examination of topotype material to be close to G. 

subconica Morrow. Topotype material from the Paris 

Basin shows that the American species is probably identical with that of D'Orbigny. It occurs at many places 

in great numbers. In America the species seems to be 

largely confined to beds of Taylor age and is especially 

abundant in the more chalky phases of the upper and 

middle beds. Specimens from the lower beds of Taylor 

age and the occasional specimens from beds of Austin 

age are usually smaller and slightly more keeled and 

thus connect with the following species.

Taylor age.

Upper part of Taylor marl. Texas, Red River County (105- 

109); Lamar County (110-112); Delta County (114); 

Hunt County (115, 116); Collin County X120, 121);

Rockwall County (123, 124); Kaufman County (130);

Limestone County (136); Williamson County (140);

Travis County (149); Hays County (150); Bexar County

(154, 155, 161).

Anacacho limestone- (upper part). Texas, Bexar County (164). 

Ozan formation. Arkansas, Little River County (254). 

Pecan Gap chalk member of Taylor marl. Texas, Delta County

(165, 166); Hunt County (168); Collin County (169-172);

Rockwall County (175); McLennan County (177). 

Selma chalk of Pecan Gap chalk age. Alabama, Mai'engo County (256).

Selma chalk (middle part). Mississippi, Lee County (266). 

Wolfe City sand member of Taylor marl. Texas, Collin County

(180-183); Navarro County (188). 

Annona chalk. Texas, Bowie County (189, 190); Red River

County (188a, 191-198). 

Lower part of Taylor marl. Texas, Red River County (199) ;

Delta County (206); Collin County (208); Dallas County

(222); Kaufman County (228, 229); Ellis County (234);

McLennan County (238); Bell County (245). 

Austin age. 

Gober tongue of Austin chalk. Texas, Fannin County (272-

275); Lamar County (285, 286). 

Austin chalk. . Texas, Grayson County (290). 

Selma chalk of upper Austin age (?). Alabama, Warrior River

(353). 

Ector tongue of Austin chalk. Texas, Grayson County (332).

Cloborotalia cushmani Morrow

Plate 62, figure 9

Globorotalia cushmani Morrow, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 8, p. 199, 

pi. 31, figs. 2a, b, 4a, b, 1934.

Test trochoid, dorsal side moderately convex with chambers 

flattened or slightly inflated, dorsal sutures roundly curving, producing a scalloped periphery; the anterior margin sometimes 

raised slightly, ventral side strongly convex with the chambers 

strongly inflated, sutures deeply grooved and nearly radiate; only 

the last whorl, of 4 to 6 chambers visible, the periphery sharply 

rounded and thickened into a narrow rim. Diameter of larger 

figured specimen 0.7 mm.; thickness 0.25 mm.

The types of this species are from the Hartland shale 

member of the Greenhorn formation in sec. 31, T. 21 S., 

R. 31 W., Hodgeman County, Kans.

In the present material the species is found in collections from the lower part of the Austin chalk and from 

one locality in the Eagle Ford shale.

It is possible that the form from the Eagle Ford of 

Texas referred by Moreman to "Globotruncana area 

(Cushman)" (Jour. Paleontology, vol. 1, p. 100, pi. 16, 

figs. 16, 17, 1927) may belong here.

Austin chalk. Texas, Collin County (337); Dallas County (296,

298, 340, 342). 

Eagle Ford shale. Texas, Dallas County (362).

Cloborotalia membranacea (Ehrenberg) White

Plate 63, figure 5 

Planulina membranacea Ehrenberg, Mikrogeologie, pi. 25, 1A,

fig. 41; pi. 26, fig. 43, 1854.

Pulvinidina membranacea Cushman, Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., vol. 10, p. 608, pi. 21, fig. 10, 1926. 

Globorotalia membranacea White, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 2, p.

280, pi. 38, figs. la-«, 1928. 

Cushman and Todd, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr.,

vol. 19, p. 71, pi. 12, fig. 12, 1943. 

Cushman, idem, vol. 20, p. 16, pi. 3, fig. 12, 1944.

Test compressed, trochoid, biconvex, periphery subacute but not keeled; chambers distinct, slightly inflated, 

particularly on the ventral side, increasing very rapidly 

in size as added, about 5 normally in the adult whorl; 

sutures distinct, dorsally slightly curved, limbate, ventrally depressed, nearly radial; wall smooth, finely perforate; aperture a low opening on the ventral margin 

of the last-formed chamber. Length 0.40 to 0.60 mm., 

breadth 0.30 to 0.45 mm., thickness 0.15 to 0.20 mm.
GLOBOROTALIIDAE 153

This species is often very abundant in the Upper 

Cretaceous Vclasco shale of Mexico.

Navarre group. Corsicana marl. Texas, Limestone County (30). 

Taylor marl. Pecan Gap chalk member. Texas, Delta County 

(165).

Globorotalia subcoiiica Morrow

Plate 63, figure 4 

Globorotalia subconica Morrow, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 8, p. 200,

pi. 30, figs, lla-c, 18, 1934.

Loctterle, Nebraska Geol. Survey Bull., 2d per., Bull. 12, 

p. 43, pi. 6, figs. lOa-c, 1937.

Test planoconvex, subconical, dorsal side slightly convex or flat, 

the sides of the cone flare near the periphery giving them a gently 

concave profile, umbilical cavity at the apex, small but distinct, 

periphery keeled or very sharply rounded; chambers indistinct, 

about 6 in last whorl; sutures on ventral side may be slightly depressed but are not depressed on dorsal side, curved; wall smooth 

finely perforate; aperture elongate, extending along the inner 

edge of the last chamber. Height of holotype 0.36 mm., thickness 0.18 mm.

The types are from the basal part of the Niobrara 

formation of Kansas. The holotype has been redrawn 

and shows the oblique sutures noted by Loetterle.

Globorotalia subconica differs from G. micheliniana 

(D'Orbigny) Cushman in the smaller size, larger number 

of chambers in the whorl, and much more distinct early 

whorls on the dorsal side. It is slightly larger on the 

average than G. wnbilicata Loetterle, has the periphery 

more nearly entire, and has a higher cone on the ventral 

side. It occurs in the lower part of the Taylor marl 

and particularly in the upper part of the Austin chalk.

Taylor marl, lower part. Texas, Lamar County (201, 202); Collin

County (209, 210); Dallas County (227); McLennan

County (240); Falls County (244); Comal County (251).

Austin age.

Gober tongue of Austin chalk. Texas, Fannin County (276, 279,

280); Lamar County (282, 284, 287, 288).

Austin chalk. Texas, Grayson County (291); Collin County 

(292, 295); Dallas County (307, 310); Bell County (315). 

Brownstown marl. Texas, Lamar County (321).

Globorotalia unibilicata Loetterle

Plate 63, figure 1 

Globorotalia umbilicala Loetterle, Nebraska Geol. Survey Bull.,

2d ser., Bull. 12, p. 43, pi. 6, figs. 9a-c, 1937. 

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 20, 

p. 96, pi. 14, fig. 19, 1944.

Test a low, broad, truncated cone, gently to strongly concave 

on the dorsal face, strongly convex on the ventral face, broadly 

and deeply umbilicate ventrally, sides gently convex; chambers 

numerous, 8 or 9 in the final whorl, narrow, curved, increasing 

slowly in size as added, last few slightly inflated; sutures strongly 

and regularly curved, indistinct on the dorsal face; aperture a 

low, arched slit extending from near the periphery toward the 

umbilicus; wall calcareous, finely perforate. Diameter of dorsal 

face of holotype, 0.35 mm.; thickness of holotype parallel axis 

of coiling, 0.12 mm.

This species, if I. have rightly interpreted it, has a 

lower conical ventral side and a somewhat larger number 

of chambers, and the periphery is usually distinctly 

lobulate, and the umbilicus is more open.

The type is from the Niobrara chalk of Nebraska. 

Specimens referred here to G. wnbilicata occur at numerous localities in the beds of Austin age and at a few 

localities in the lower beds of Taylor age.

Taylor marl. 

Pecan Gap chalk member. Texas, Kaufman County (173);

McLennan County (177).

Lower part. Texas, Red River County (199); Lamar County 

(202); Fannin County (203); Collin County (210, 212,

214); Dallas County (216, 217, 219, 220, 224, 227); Ellis 

County (232, 235); Hill County (237); McLennan County (239-241). 

Austin age.

Gober tongue of Austin chalk. Texas, Fannin County (278, 

281); Lam'ar County (283, 284, 287, 288).

Austin chalk. Texas, Grayson County (289, 335, 336); Collin 

County (293, 294, 324); Dallas County (297, 298, 306. 

310, 341, 342); Hill County (312).

Selma chalk of upper Austin age (?). Alabama, Pickens County 

(352).

Brownstown marl. Texas, Red River Count}- (318, 319) ; Lamar 

County (320, 321).

Selma chalk (lower part). Mississippi, Lee County (350); 

Itawamba County (351).

Globorotalia? multiloculata Morrow

Plate 62, figures 10, 11

Globorotalia? multiloculata Morrow, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 8, 

p. 200, pi. 31, figs. 3a, b, 5a, b, 1934.

Test trochoid, biconvex, compressed; dorsal side strongly convex, ventral side moderate!y convex; chambers numerous, seven to 

nine in final whorl, very distinct, inflated, narrowly rounded but not 

keeled at their periphery, tending in the last whorl to be produced 

ventrally in the direction of the axis of coiling; umbilical area 

large and rather deep; sutures strongly depressed; wall finely 

perforate. Diameter 0.7 mm., thickness 0.3 mm.

This species seems to be the most primitive of the three species 

of Globorotalia here described from the Greenhorn formation. 

It is evidently very close to Globigerina. Since the other two 

species are definitely not Globigerina, and yet all three species 

are obviously quite closely related, it seems best to consider this 

species in the same genus. There is a suggestion of the development of the keeled periphery of Globorotalia in the sharply 

rounded margin of the chambers appearing in edge view, about 

intermediate between Globorotalia greenhornensis and typical 

Globigerina. The similar aspect of the ventral side in these 

species is also .striking. G. multiloculata is quite common locally 

in the Greenhorn formation associated with the two species just 

described. It is easy to distingush because of its numerous chambers and globigerine aspect with a narrowed periphery.

The types are' from the Hartland shale member of the 

Greenhorn formation, sec. 31, T. 21 S., R. 22 W., Hodgeman County, Kans.

The type specimen is redrawn here. The species is 

very close to the border line between Globigerina and 

Globorotalia.

Globorotalia velascoensis (Cushmaii) Cushman

Plate 63, figure 6

Pulvinulina velascoensis Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 1, p. 169, pi. 27, figs. 7-9, 1927; Am. 

Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., vol. 10, p. 608, pi. 21, 

figs. 9a, b, 1926.

Globorotalia velascoensis (Cushman) Cushman, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 1, p. 169, pi. 27, figs. 7-9, 1927. 

White, idem, vol. 2, p. 281, pi. 38, fig. 2, 1928.

Globotruncana area Cushman and Jarvis (not Cushman), U. S. 

Nat. Mus. Proc., vol. 80, art. 14, p. 50, pi. 15, figs. 7a-c, 

1932.

Test planoconvex, dorsal side flat or slightly convex, 

ventral side strongly convex, deeply umbilicate; periphery subacute, lobulate; chambers distinct, inflated, enlarging rapidly as added and becoming much broader 

in the adult, 5 to 7 in the final whorl; sutures distinct, 

strongly oblique and slightly curved on the dorsal side, 

nearly radial or somewhat tangential, nearly straight on 

the ventral side; wall roughened with low, spinose 

processes; aperture ventral, a low slit opening into the 

large umbilicus and extending nearly to the periphery. 

Diameter 0.50 to 0.65 mm., thickness 0.25 to 0.35 mm.

The types are from the Velasco shale, Tamalte Arroyo, 

Hacienda el Limon,. San Luis Potosi, Mexico. The
154 UPPER CRETACEOUS' FORAMINIFERA OF GULF COASTAL REGION

species is common and characteristic in the Velasco shale 

of Mexico and occurs also in the Upper Cretaceous beds 

in the pit at Lizard Springs, near Guayaguayare, southeastern Trinidad. It is somewhat variable^ especially 

in the depth of the ventral side.

Family ANOMALINIDAE

Genus ANOMALINA D'Orbigny, 1826

Anomalina nelsoni W. Berry

Plate 63, figures 8, 9 

Anomalina nelsoni W. Berry, in Berry and Kelley, U. S. Nat. Mus.

Proc., vol. 76, art. 19, p. 14, pi. 2, figs. 19-21, 1929. 

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 16,

p. 27, pi. 5, figs. 1, 2, 1940. 

Cushman and Hedberg, idem, vol. 17, p. 99, pi. 23, figs. 20a-c,

1941.

Cushman and Todd, idem, vol. 19, p. 71, pi. 12, fig. 13, 1943. 

Cushman and Deaderick, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 18, p. 340,

pi. 53, fig. 32, 1944. 

Cibicides nelsoni Plummer, Univ. Texas Bull. 3501, p. 288, pi. 5,

figs. 1-6, 1936.

Valvulineria nelsoni Jennings, Bull. Am. Paleontology, vol. 23, 

No. 78, p. 32, pi. 4, figs, la, b, 1936.

Test nautiloid, dorsal side nearly flat to slightly concave, ventral side conve.x; periphery broadly rounded, lobate; chambers 

numerous, seven to eight in the last-formed coil, inflated, gradually increasing in size; sutures distinct, depressed; wall punctate; 

umbilical cavity usually filled with shell material; aperture an 

arched slit with a slight lip above it at the base of the last chamber. 

Diameter 0.52 mm.

The type is from the Coon Creek tongue of the Ripley 

formation at Dave Week's place on Coon Creek, 3% 

miles south of Enville, 7'/2 miles north of Adamsville, and 

1/8 mile east of the main Hendersonville-Adamsville road, 

McNairy County, Tenn. The original figure of 'the 

holotype is not well drawn and the specimen has been 

redrawn here.

This has proved to be one of the most common species 

of the genus in Cretaceous material, ranging from the 

highest beds of Navarro age down through the upper beds 

of Taylor age. It is recorded from the Mito Juan 

formation of Colombia.

Navarro age.

Kemp clay. Texas, Travis County (14). 

Corsicana marl. Texas, Bowie County (23); Limestone County

(29, 30); Travis County (34, 36, 40). 

Arkadelphia marl. Arkansas, Hempstead County (73). 

Prairie Bluff chalk. Alabama, Sumter County (101-103). 

Nacatoch sand. Texas, Bowie County (47, 48). Arkansas,

Hempstead County (75). 

Selma chalk (upper part). Mississippi, Prentiss County (91).;

Union County (92). Tennessee, McNairy County (98).

Alabama, Marengo County (104). 

Ripley formation. Tennessee, McNairy County (94, 95, 97);

Henderson County .(96). 

Saratoga chalk. Arkansas, Clark County (78); Hempstead

County (81, 82). 

Neylandville marl. Texas, Red River County (50); Rockwall

County (57); Kaufman County (58, 60, 61); Navarro

County (64, 66, 68, 69), 

Taylor age. 

Upper part of Taylor marl. Texas, Red River County (105);

Lamar County (110); Rockwall County (123); Kaufman

County (130); Navarro County (134); Travis County

(145, 149); Hays County (150); Guadalupe County (151);

Bexar County (153, 158, 161).

Marlbrook marl. Arkansas, Clark County; Howard County. 

Ozan formation. Arkansas, Little River County (254). 

Selma chalk (middle part). Tennessee, Hardin County (255).

Mississippi, Alcorn County (257, 258); Prentiss County

(260); Lee County (264-266). 

Annona chalk. Texas, Bowie County (189); Red River County

(192, 196, 197)., 

Lower part of Taylor marl. Texas, Bell County (245).

Anomalina bentoiiensis Morrow

Plate 63, figure 7 

Anomalina benLonensis Morrow, Jour: Paleontology, vol. 8, p. 201,

pi. 30, figs.'4a, b, 1934.

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 16, 

p. 28, pi. 5, figs. 3a, b, 1940.

Test small, nearly symmetrical, slightly involute, periphery 

broadly rounded, earlier whorls partly exposed on both sides at 

the center; chambers inflated, increasing rather rapidly in size 

as added, quite uniform in shape, numbering seven to nine in last 

whorl; sutures strongly impressed, usually curving backward as 

they pass over the peripheiy; wall conspicuously perforate; aperture peripheral, passing onto the dorsal side. Diameter of holotype 0.4 mm., thickness 0.2 mm.

This species differs from any known to the writer by being more 

nearly planispiral and bilaterally symmetrical and in having a 

broad and evenly rounded periphery.

This species has been found only in the Greenhorn formation, 

where it is common locally.

The types are from the Hartland shale member of the 

Greenhorn formation, sec. 31, T. 21 S., R. 22 W., Hodgeman County, Kans.

I have not seen material in our collections that could 

be referred to this species. The holotype is redrawn 

on our plate.

Anomalina ammoiioides (Reuss) Chapman

Plate 63, figures 10, 11

Rosalina ammonides Reuss, Geognostische Skizzen Bohmen, vol. 

2, pt. 1, p. 214, 1844; Verstein. bohm. Kreideformation, 

pt. 1, p. 36, pi. 8, fig. 53; pi. 13, fig. 66, 1845. 

Anomalina ammonides Chapman, Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc., vol. 50,

p. 722, 1894.

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 16, 

p. 28', pi. 5, figs, 4, 5, 1940; idem, vol. 20, p. 16, pi. 3, fig. 

14, 1944.

A study of this species named by Reuss shows that most 

of the references to it by later authors are not correct. 

On the present plate is a drawing of one of the specimens selected by Reuss and in the Reuss collection of 

the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University. This species occurs in typical form in the present 

collections from the lower beds of Taylor age and the 

beds of Austin age. Figures of a typical specimen from 

the Annona chalk are also given.

Taylor age. 

Upper part of Taylor marl. Texas, Red River County (105-

109); Lamar County (111, 112); Collin County (121);

Navarro County (134); Williamson County (142). 

Pecan Gap chalk member of Taylor marl. Texas, Delta County (165, 166); Hunt County (168); Collin County (172). 

Selma chalk (middle part). Mississippi, Lee County (263). 

Wolfe City sand member of Taylor marl. Texas, Collin County

(181, 182); Navarro County (188). 

Annona chalk. Texas, Bowie County (189); Red River County

(196). 

Lower part of Taylor marl. Texas, Collin County (208-210);

Dallas County (219); Ellis County (234); McLennan

County (238); Travis County (250).. 

Austin age.

Burditt marl (of Adkins). Texas, Travis County (270). 

Gober tongue of Austin chalk. Texas, Lamar County (288). 

Austin .chalk. Texas, Collin County (295); Dallas County

(310); Hill County (312).

Selma chalk (lower part). Mississippi, Lee County (350). 

Ector tongue of Austin chalk. Texas, Grayson County (332).

Anomalina pseudopapillosa Carsey

Plate 64, figure 1 

Anomalina pseudopapillosa Carsey, Texas Univ. Bull. 2612, p. 47,

pi. 1, figs. 6a, b, 1926.

Plummer, idem, Bull. 3101, p. 200, pi. 14, fig. 13, 1931. 

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 16,

p. 29, pi. 5, figs. 6a-c, 1940. 

Cushman and Todd, idem, vol. 19, p. 72, pi. 12, fig. 14, 1943.
ANOMALINIDAE 155

Tost nearly equally biconvex, nearly involute on both 

sides, the early coils showing slightly on the dorsal, 

periphery rounded but contracted somewhat; chambers 

numerous, usually 15 to 18 in the adult whorl, slightly 

inflated, of uniform shape, increasing very gradually in 

size as added; sutures distinct, strongly limbate and 

somewhat raised above the general surface; wall distinctly and coarsely perforate, the surface often granular 

in appearance, the umbilical region with small raised 

bosses; aperture near the periphery, with a slight lip. 

Diameter .0.35 to 0.50 mm., thickness 0.12 to 0.20 mm.

The types of this species are from the Navarro- group 

of Texas. The species is a small one but often is very 

abundant in the beds of Navarro age, and ranges from 

the horizons equivalent to the Nacatoch sand upward to 

the Midway (Paleocene) contact.

Navarro age. 

Kcnip clay. Texas, Ivuufmun County (2); Navarro County

(4-7); Williamson County (11, 12); Travis County (13-

17); Cuadalupe County (18, 21). 

Esconclido formation. Texas, Maverick County (22). 

Corsicana marl. Texas, Bowie County (23); Hunt County

(24); Navarro County (25-28); Limestone County (30,

31); Travis County (35-37, 43); Caldwell County (44). 

Arkadelphia marl. Arkansas, Hempstead County (70-73). 

Owl Creek formation. Mississippi, Tippah County (83). 

Prairie Bluff chalk. Alabama, Wilcox County' (100). 

Ripley formation. Mississippi, Pontotoc Coun'ty (90). 

Nacatoch sand. Texas, Bowie County (47). Arkansas, White

'County (76); Lonoke County (77).

Anomalina clemeiitiana (D'Orbigny) Fraiike

Plate 63, figures 12, 13 

Rosalina clemenliana. D'Orbigny, Soc. geol. France Mem., 1st ser.,

vol. 4, p. 37, pi. 3, figs. 23-25, 1840.

Anomalina clementiana Franke, Greifswald Univ., Geol.-palaeont. 

Inst., Abh., vol. 6, p. 85, pi. 7, figs. 12a-c, 1925; Preuss. 

geol. Landesanstalt Abh., new ser., vol. Ill, p. 179, pi. 16, 

, figs. 9a-c, 1928.

Cushman, Tennessee Div. Geology Bull. 41, p. 61, pi. 13, 

figs, la-c, 1931; Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., 

vol. 7, p. 46, pi. 6, figs. lOa-c, 1931. 

Jennings, Bull. Am. Paleontology, vol. 23, No. 78, p. 38,

pi. 5, figs. 2a, b, 1936. 

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 16,

p. 29, pi. 5, figs. 7, 8, 1940.

Cushman and Goudkoff, idem, vol. 20, p. 63, pi. 10, fig. 12, 

1944.

Test somewhat tending toward planispiral in the adult, 

trochoid in the young, variable, compressed, periphery 

rounded; chambers distinct, 7 to 9 in the last-formed 

whorl; sutures on the dorsal side curved, limbate and 

strongly raised except in the last few chambers of the 

adult, which are smooth, in many specimens slightly depressed; sutures on the ventral side nearly radial, depressed, the ends of the chambers raised between the 

sutures; wall smooth except for the ornamentation already noted in the earlier portions; aperture peripheral 

and extending onto the dorsal side. Diameter 0.30 to 

0.40 mm., thickness 0.10 to 0.15 mm.

Specimens similar to typical European forms have been 

found in the present material, particularly from the 

upper beds of Taylor age; and they occur in Upper 

Cretaceous collections of similar age from Antigua and 

California.

Navarro age. Ripley formation. Tennessee, Henderson County 

(96); McNairy County (97).

Taylor age.

Upper part of Taylor marl. Texas, Hunt County (115); Navarro County (132); Williamson County (140); Travis 

County (145); Bexar County (159).

Pecan Gap chalk member of Taylor marl. Texas, Delta County (165, 166); Hunt County (168). 

Annona chalk. Texas, Bowie County (189).

Anomalina heiibesti Plummer

Plate 64, figure 2 

Anomalina complanata Cushman (not Reuss), Tennessee Div.

Geology Bull. 41, p. 60, pi. 11, figs. 7a-c, 1931. 

. Sandidge, Am. Midland Naturalist, vol. 13, p. 368, pi. 31,

figs. 30, 31, 1932. 

Anomalina henbesti Plummer, Texas Univ. Bull. 3501, p. 290, pi. 5,

figs. 7-10, 1936. - Cole, Florida Dept. Cons., Geol. Bull. 16, p. 34, pi. 2, figs.

9, 10, 1938. 

Cushman and Goudkoff, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research

Contr., vol. 20, p. 63, pi. 10, fig. 11, 1944.

Anomalina semicomplanata Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram Research Contr., vol. 14, p. 68, pi. 12, fig. 1, 1938; idem, vol. 

16, p. 29, pi. 5, figs. 9a-c, 1940.

Cushman and Hedberg, idem, vol. 17, p. 99, pi. 23, figs. 

23a-c, 1941.

Test planispiral, at least in the adult, much compressed, periphery subacute, earlier coils exposed on both 

sides at the center; chambers numerous, increasing very 

slowly in size as added, of nearly uniform shape, the 

later chambers tending to become slightly'inflated; sutures distinct, little if at all depressed, slightly limbate; 

wall smooth but conspicuously perforate, with a slight 

thickening in the central region at each side; aperture 

peripheral, extending slightly onto the dorsal side, with 

a slight lip. Diameter 0.50 to 0.65 mm., thickness 0.15 

to 0.18 mm.

The types are from the Ripley formation l1/^ miles 

west of Sardis on the Sardis-Henderson road, Henderson 

County, Tenn.

A study of topotypes of A. complanata Reuss shows 

that it is very different from the American species. A. 

henbesti differs in having a subacute instead of a very 

acute periphery and in being much more umbonate.

In the present material the species seems to be largely 

limited to the upper beds of Taylor age and the horizons 

equivalent to the Neylandville marl of the lower part 

of the Navarro group. It has been recorded from the 

Upper Cretaceous of California.

Navarro age.

Ripley formation. Tennessee, McNairy County (94); Henderson County (96). 

Neylandville marl. Texas, Hunt County (55); Rockwall County

(57); Navarro County (64)., 

Taylor age.

Upper part of Taylor marl. Texas, Red River County (108); 

Williamson County (141, 143, 144); Travis County (149). 

Selma chalk (middle part). Tennessee, Hardin Cgunty (255).

Anomalina tennesseensis W. Berry

Plate 64, figure 3

Anomalina tennesseensis W. Berry (in Berry and KellejO, U. S.

Nat. Mus. Proc., vol. 76, art. 19, p. 13, pi. 2, figs. 13-15,1929.

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 16,

p. 30, pi. 5, figs, lla-c, 1940.

Cushman and Deaderick, Jour. Paleontology, vol. IS, p. 340, 

pi. 53, figs. 33, 34, 1944.

Test small, nautiloid, slightly compressed laterally, composed 

of numerous chambers all clearly visible from the dorsal side, only 

those of the last-formed coil visible on the ventral side; ventral 

side umbilicate; about seven to eight chambers in last coil, usually 

about two coils; sutures slightly depressed, more or less distinct; 

wall thin, coarsely perforate; aperture a narrow curved slit at 

base of final chamber. Diameter 0.32 mm.

This small species is fairly common in the Ripley. It can be 

compared to A. Clementina D'Orbigny in general appearance, but 

while A. Clementina has slightly raised ridges on the sutures, 

A. tennesseensis has none. In size the two species are nearly alike, 

A. Clementina being only slightly larger. W. Berry, 1929.
156 UPPUK CKETACEOUS FORAMINIFERA OF GULF COASTAL REGION

The types are from the Coon Creek tongue of the 

Ripley formation at Dave Week's place on Coon Creek, 

3 J/2 miles south of Enville, 7^2 miles north of Adamsville, 

and l/s mile east of main Hendersonville-Adamsville road, 

McNairy County, Tenn. (97). It has been recorded 

from the Marlbrook marl of Arkansas.

The only specimens in the present material are from 

the Selma chalk, of upper Taylor age, 10% miles south 

of Corinth, Alcorn County, Miss. (259).

The figures are redrawn from the holotype.

Anomalina piiiguis Jenniiigs

Anomalina grosserugosa Pluramer (not Giimbel), Texas Univ.

Bull. 3101, p. 201, pi. 14, figs. 9a-c, 1931. 

Anomalina pinguis Jennings, Bull. Am. Paleontology, vol. 23,

No. 78, p. 37, pi. 5, fig. 1, 1936. 

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 20,

p. 16, pi. 3, fig. 15, 1944.

Test nearly equally biconvex, ventral face slightly more convex, 

coarsely punctate, completely involute on ventral, almost so on 

dorsal, periphery broadly rounded, chambers 8 to 9 in final whorl, 

later chambers distinctly inflated, suture depressed between last 

few chambers, limbate in early chambers; sutures slightly curved; 

aperture at base of septal face embracing the margin. Diameter 

0.50 mm.; thickness 0.25 mm. Jennings, 1936.

This name was given to a form recorded and figured as 

''Anomalina grosserugosa" from the Corsicana marl at 

Jones Crossing on Onion Creek in Travis County, Tex. 

(43). It has also been recorded from the Pecan Gap 

chalk member of the Taylor marl of Texas and the 

Navesink marl and Mt. Laurel sand of New Jersey.

Anomalina rubiginosa Cushman

Plate 64, figures 4-6

Anomalina rubiginosa Cushman, Am. Assoc. Petrolgum Geologists

Bull., vol. 10, p. 607, pi. 21, figs. 6a-c, 1926. 

Cushman and Jarvis, U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc., vol. 80, art. 14,

p. 52, pi. 16, figs. 3-5, 1932. 

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 16,

p. 31, pi. 6, figs. 1-3, 1940. 

Cushman and Deaderick, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 18, p. 341,

pi. 53, fig. 31, 1944.

Planulina rubiginosa White, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 2, p. 303, 

pi. 41, figs. 6a-c, 1928.

Test closely coiled, the dorsal side slightly convex, 

ventral side .somewhat concave, periphery broadly rounded, 9 or 10 chambers in the last-formed coil, rather indistinct, as are also the sutures, more distinct in the last 

few chambers; dorsal side with the wall very coarsely 

punctate, ventral side, especially in the earlier portion, 

with very large depressed areas of an irregular form, 

giving a peculiar appearance to that portion of the test; 

aperture along the ventral margin of the last-formed 

chamber. Diameter 0.50 to 0.80 mm., height 0.30 to 

0.40 mm.

This is a common and well-marked species in the 

Velasco shale of Mexico, and it occurs in typical form 

in the material from Trinidad. Some of the youngstages are also shown here. So far as our material from 

both areas shows, the species does not become sufficiently 

evolute to warrant placing it in the genus Planulina.

The specimens referred to this species from the Saratoga chalk (Cushman, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 5, p. 314, 

pi. 36, figs. 9a.-c, 1931) and from the Annona chalk 

(idem, vol. 6, p. 344, 1932) belong elsewhere.

Taylor age. Marlbrook marl. Arkansas, Clark County; Hempstead County.

Anomalina velascoensis Cushman

Plate 64, figure 7

Anomalina velascoensis Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research 

Contr., vol. 1, pt. 1, p. 21, pi. 3, figs. 3a-c,.1925; Am. Assoc. 

Petroleum Geologists Bull., vol. 10, p. 607, pi. 21, figs. 7a-c, 

1926; Jour. Paleontology, vol. 1, p. 170, pi. 28, figs. 14a, b, 

1927; Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 16, 

p. 32, pi. 5, figs. lOa-c, 1940.

Test planoconvex, the dorsal side nearly flat, ventral 

side very broadly rounded, periphery broadly rounded; 

chambers fairly distinct, 8 or 9 in the last-formed coil; 

on the dorsal side there is a depressed area coinciding 

with the line of coiling, the central portion raised in a 

spiral, later chambers with a slightly depressed area 

over each chamber, the sutures being somewhat limbate 

and raised; on the ventral side sutures limbate but not 

raised above the general surface, curved, in the edge 

view the thickenings of the dorsal side in many specimens 

standing up slightly above the general surface; wall generally smooth and finely punctate. Length about 0,50 

mm., breadth 0.45 mm., thickness 0.35 mm.

This species is widely distributed throughout most of 

the Velasco formation and may be distinguished by the 

very different characters of the dorsal and ventral surfaces, the peculiar spiral thickening of'the dorsal side 

being especially marked.

Genus PLANULINA D'Orbigny, 1826 

Planulina eaglefordensis (Moreman) Cushman

Plate 64, figures 8, 9

Anomalina eaglefordensis Moreman, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 1,

p. 99, pi. 16, figs. 9a, b, 1927. 

Vanderpool, idem, vol. 4, p. 255 (list), 1930. 

Planulina eaglefordensis Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research

Contr., vol. 16, p. 32, pi. 6, figs. 4, 5, 1940.

Test trochoid, very much compressed, partially evolute, 

periphery rounded, somewhat lobulate; chambers distinct, slightly inflated, usually 10 to 12 in the adult 

whorl, of uniform shape, increasing very gradually in. 

size as added; sutures distinct, curyed, more strongly so 

on the dorsal side, somewhat depressed, earlier sutures 

limbate; wall distinctly perforate; aperture a low opening at the base of the last-formed chamber, with a slight 

overhanging lip. Diameter 0.50 to 0.70 mm., thickness 

0.10 to 0.12 mm.

The types of this species are from the Eagle Ford 

shale 2 miles north of Hebron, Tex. The species occurs 

in the present material at a number of localities but 

seems to be an index fossil for the Eagle Ford.

Eagle Ford shale. Texas, Dallas County (355, 356, 362, 363); 

Hill County (365, 369).

Planulina austinana Cushman

Plate 64, figure 10

Planulina austinana Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research 

Contr., vol. 14, p. 68, pi. 12, figs. 2a-c, 1938; idem, vol. 16, 

p. 33, pi. 6, figs. 6a-c, 1940.

Test very much compressed, partially evolute on both 

sides, particularly so on the dorsal side, which is very 

slightly umbonate; ventral side slightly umbilicate; 

periphery subacute, lobulate; chambers distinct, somewhat inflated, of uniform shape, increasing very gradually 

in size as added, 8 to 10 in the adult whorl; sutures 

distinct, only slightly curved on the dorsal side, ventrally nearly radial, slightly .depressed; wall smooth, 

finely but conspicuously perforate; aperture a low opening at the base of the last-formed chamber at the periph-
ANOMALINIDAE 157

cry and' extending over along the dorsal side. Diameter 

0.50 to 0.55 mm., thickness 0.18 to 0.22 mm.

The types are from the lower part of the Austin chalk 

in a road cut on the south side of U. S. Highway 80, 2 

feet above sidewalk, opposite a Catholic school 3.8 miles 

west of Union Station, Dallas, Dallas County, Tex.

The species seems to be limited to the Austin chalk.

Planulina austinana differs from P. taylorensis 

(Carsey) Cushman in its smaller size, more lobulate 

periphery, more depressed sutures, and lack of a peripheral keel.

Austin chalk. Texas, Graysou County (290, 334-336); Collin 

County (295, 337); Dallas County (302, 304, 307-309, 311, 

326, 338, 340, 343, 344); Hill County (313).

Planulina texana Cushmaii

Plate 64, figure 11

Planulina lexana Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research 

Contr., vol. 14, p. 69, pi. 12, figs. 3a-c, 1938; idem, vol. 16, 

p. 33, pi. 6, figs. 7a-c, 1940; idem, vol. 20, p. 96, pi. 14, 

fig. 25, 1944.

Cushman and Denderick, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 18, p. 341, 

1944.

Test much compressed; dorsal side usually flattened 

but with a central boss, partially evolute; ventral side 

somewhat less evolute, more convex, periphery subacute, 

not keeled; chambers distinct, especially those of the 

last-formed whorl, of uniform shape, increasing rather 

rapidly in size as added, little if at all inflated; sutures 

distinct in the last whorl, strongly limbate, slightly 

raised, thickened toward the inner end, gently curved; 

wall finely but distinctly perforate, generally smooth, 

except in the center, where there is usually a raised spiral 

ridge on the ventral side; aperture a narrow slit with a 

slightly overhanging lip. Diameter 0.55 to 0.65 mm., 

thickness 0.18 to 0.22 mm.

The types of this species are from the lower part of 

the Taylor marl, north fork of Sulphur Creek 2.3 miles 

southeast of Gober, Fannin County, Tex.

This species differs from Planulina taylorensis 

(Carsey) Cushman, of which it may be the ancestral 

form, in the smaller size, less keeled and less lobulated 

periphery, more ornamented sutures, and less well developed apertural lip. P. texana is.characteristic of the 

beds of Austin age and lower beds of Taylor age.

Taylor age.

Anacacho limestone (upper part). Texas, Bexar County (164). 

Marlbrook marl. Arkansas, Howard County. 

Lower part of Taylor marl. Texas, Red River County (199);

Lamar County (200); Fannin County (203, 204); Collin

County (207-215); Dallas County (224, 227); Ellis County

(232); Navarro County (236); McLennan County (239-

243); Falls County (244); Travis County (247, 249, 250). 

Austin age.

Burditt marl (of Adkins). Texas, Bell County (269). 

Gober tongue of Austin chalk. Texas, Fannin County (272,

275-281); Lamar County (282-285, 287, 288). 

Austin chalk. Texas, Collin County (294, 295, 324); Dallas

County (308, 310); Hill County (312, 314); Bell County

(315, 316). 

Selma chalk of upper Austin age (?). Alabama, Pickens County

(352); Warrior River (353). 

Brownstown marl. Texas, Red River County (318, 319); Lamar

County (320, 321).

Bonham marl. Texas, Grayson County (328). 

Selma chalk (lower part). Mississippi, Lee County (350);

Itawamba County (351).

Planulina kunsasensis Morrow

Plate 64, figure 12

Planulina kansasensis Morrow, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 8, p. 20rr 

pi. 30, figs. 2a, b, 12a-c, 15a-c, 1934.

Loetterle, Nebraska Geol. Survey Bull., 2d sen, Bull. 12,

p. 49, pi. 8, figs. 2a-c, 1937. 

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 16,

p. 34, pi. 6, figs. 8a-c, 1940.

Test much compressed, dorsal and ventral sides nearly flat, 

slightly trochoid and involute; periphery rounded, chambers 

numerous, 8 to 10 in final whorl, all chambers exposed on the 

dorsal side, partially covered on the ventral side; sutures distinct 

between the later chambers, slightly depressed, curved outward 

and backward; central area on both sides covered by a calcareous 

deposit varying in thickness from a film to a thick rounded plug, 

which may be transparent showing the covered chambers; wall 

smooth, perforate; aperture obscure, extending along the base of 

the last chamber onto the ventral side. Diameter up to 0.52 mm., 

thickness 0.12 mm. Morrow, 1934.

The, types of this species are from basal Niobrara 

chalk, Fort Hays limestone, SEi/i sec. 12, T. 12 S., R. 

17 W., Ellis County, Kans. The holotype is redrawn. 

Loetterle records the species as abundant in the Fort 

Hays member of the Niobrara formation of Nebraska, 

Kansas, and South Dakota and less typical in the Smoky 

Hill member in the same three States. In the present 

material the species occurs most commonly in the lower 

beds of Austin age, 'with specimens at single localities 

in the Brownstown marl and the upper part of the 

Austin chalk.

Austin age. 

Austin chalk. Texas, Collin County (337); Dallas County (296,

298, 299, 311, 341, 345); Grayson County (334). 

Brownstown marl. Arkansas, Sevier County (347). 

Bonham marl. Texas, Lamar County (330). 

Ector tongue of Austin chalk. Texas, Grayson County (332).

Planulina spissocostata Cushman

Plate 64, figure 13

Planulina spissocostata Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research 

Contr., vol. 14, p. 69, pi. 12, figs. 4a-c, 1938; idem, vol. 16, 

p. 35, pi. 6, figs. 9a-c, 1940.

Cushman and Hedberg, idem, vol. 17, p. 99, pi. 23, figs. 

24a-c, 1941.

Test trochoid, generally planoconvex; dorsal side flattened or even concave in the center, ventral side slightly 

convex but often somewhat umbilicate in the center; 

periphery subacute; somewhat evolute on the dorsal side, 

mostly involute on the ventral side; chambers of the 

last whorl distinct, those of the earlier whorls obscure, 

usually 14 to 16 in the final whorl, not inflated, the outer 

margin strongly raised and thickened on both sides but 

more strongly so on the dorsal side, of rather uniform 

shape and increasing very gradually in size as added; 

sutures of the last whorl distinct, others obscure, strongly 

curved; wall distinctly perforate, smooth except for the 

thickened margins of the chambers which form rounded, 

raised ridges; aperture a low opening at the inner margin 

of the last-formed chamber. Diameter 0.40 to 0.45 mm., 

thickness 0.17 to 0.20 mm.

The types of this species are from the upper part of 

the Taylor marl 2.6 miles east of Barry on the road 

to Corsicana, Navarro County, Tex.

This species is close to Anomalma clementiana 

(D'Orbigny) Franke but differs in having the raised 

portions more prominent, a greater number of chambers, and more acute periphery. It occurs in the Colon 

shale of Colombia.

Navarro group, Neylandville marl. Texas, Navarro County (63). 

Taylor marl.

Upper part. Texas, Collin County (122); Navarro County 

(132.)

Lower part. Texas, Delta County (206); Ellis County (235).
158 UPPER CRETACEOUS FORAMINIFERA OF GULF COASTAL REGION

Planulina tayloreiisis (Carsey) Cushnian

Plate 64, figures 14, 15 

Anomalina taylorensis Carsey, Texas Univ. Bull. 2612, p. 47, pi. 6,

figs, la, b, 1926. 

Planulina taylorensis Cushman Tennessee Div. Geology Bull. 41,

p. 62, pi. 12,° figs. 5a-c, 1931; Jour. Paleontology, vol. 5,

p. 314, pi. 36, figs. 6a-c, 1931; idem, vol. 6, p. 345, 1932. 

Loetterle, Nebraska Geol. Survey Bull., 2d ser., Bull. 12,

p. 63, pi. 11, figs. 4a-c, 1937. . 

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 16,

p. 35, pi. 6, figs. lOa-c, 1940. 

Cushman and Deaderick, idem, vol. 18, p. 66, pi. 15, figs.

28-31, 1942.

Cushman, idem, vol. 20, p. 16, pi. 3, fig. 17, 1944. 

Cushman and Deaderick, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 18, p. 341,

pi. 53, fig. 35, 1944.

Test large, nearly planispiral, much compressed, later 

whorls becoming partially evolute, periphery acute and 

slightly keeled; chambers very distinct, numerous, 9 or 

more in the adult whorls, of nearly uniform shape and 

very gradually increasing in size as added, centers at 

each side slightly umbonate; sutures very distinct, 

curved, slightly depressed in the adult, in the young 

slightly limbate and raised on the ventral side; wall 

mostly smooth, finely but conspicuously perforate; aperture peripheral and extending onto the dorsal side nearly 

to. the center, with a distinct lip. Diameter up to 1.50 

mm. or more, thickness 0.10 to 0.15 mm.

This is a large and conspicuous species, particularly 

abundant and widespread in the upper beds of Taylor 

age and the horizons of the Neylandville marl. It is 

rcc'orded by Loetterle from the Pierre shale of South 

Dakota and Nebraska.

Nuvarro age. 

Selma chalk (upper part). Mississippi, Prentiss County (91).

Tennessee, McNairy County (98). 

Ripley formation. Tennessee, McNairy County (94, 95); Henderson County (96). 

Saratoga chalk. Arkansas, Hempstead County (81); Howard

County (79). 

Neylandville marl. Texas, Delta County (51, 52); Rockwall

County (57); Kaufman County (60-62); Navarro County

(63, 66-68). 

Taylor age. 

Upper part of Taylor marl. Texas, Red River County (105, 107,

108); Lamar County (110-112); Fannin County (113);

Hunt County (115); Collin County (121, 122); Rockwall

County (124); Kaufman County (125, 128, 130, 131);

Navarro County (134); Limestone County (136); Milam

County (139); Williamson County (141); Travis County

(145, 149); Hays County (150); Bexar County (152-154,

158, 159, 161). 

Marlbrook marl. Arkansas, Clark County; Howard County;

Hempstead County. 

Ozan formation. Arkansas, Sevier County (253); Little River

County (254). * 

Pecan Gap chalk member of Taylor marl. Texas, Kaufman

County (173); Rockwall County (175); Delta County

(165, 166). 

Selma chalk of Pecan Gap chalk age. Alabama, Marengo

County (256). 

Selma chalk (middle part). Mississippi, Alcorn County (257,

259); Prentiss County (260, 261); Union County (262);

Lee County (264, 266, 267). 

Wolfe City sand member of Taylor marl. Texas, Collin County

(183); Navarro County (188).

Annona chalk. Texas, Red River County (191-194, 197). 

Lower part of Taylor marl. Texas, Dallas County (216, 217, 219,

222, 223, 225); Kaufman County (228, 229); Ellis County

(234); Bell County (245). 

Austin age. Brownstown marl. Arkansas, Sevier County.

Planulina correcta (Carsey) Cushnian

Plate 65, figure 1

Discorbis correcta Carsey, Texas Univ. Bull. 2612, p. 45, pi. 3, fig. 

5, 1926. Plummer, idem, Bull. 3101, p. 188, pi. 14, figs. 

1-4, 1931.

Planulina correcta Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research

Contr., vol. 16, p. 36, pi. 6, figs, lla-c, 1940. 

Cushman and Hedberg, idem, vol. 17, p. 99, pi. 23, figs. lOa-c,

1941.

Cushman and Todd, idem, vol. 19, p. 72, pi. 12, figs. 15a-c, 

1943. . 

Test much compressed, one side more flattened than 

the other, periphery slightly rounded, lobulate; chambers 

distinct, very slightly inflated, typically 5 to 9 in the 

adult whorl, earlier chambers low and broad, later 

chambers becoming rapidly much higher and increasing 

greatly in size in the latest portion; sutures distinct, 

earlier sutures strongly limbate and slightly raised, later 

sutures not limbate and"slightly depressed, curved; wall 

smooth, finely but distinctly perforate; aperture a low 

elongate slit with a slight lip. Diameter 0.40 to 0.50 

mm., height 0.08 to 0.10 mm.

The types of this species are from the Corsicana marl 

.on the right bank of Onion Creek just east of the bridge 

known as Jones Crossing on the Austin-Bastrop highway, Travis County, Tex.

This is a very variable species, the microspheric and 

megalospheric forms often showing considerable differences, the former continuing the low chambers almost 

throughout whereas the latter have chambers that become 

much larger in the adult. The species is widely distributed in the beds of Navarro age. Its vertical range 

in the present material seems to be limited to the beds 

of Navarro age above the horizons of the Nacatoch sand. 

It is recorded from the upper part of the Colon shale 

of Colombia.

Navarro age.

Kemp clay. Texas. Hopkins County (1); Navarro County

(4, 5); Falls County (9); Williamson County (11, 12);

Travis County (13, 14); Guadalupe County (18, 21). 

Corsicana marl. Texas, Hunt County (24); Navarro County

25-28); Limestone'County (29-31); Falls County (32);

Travis County (34-37, 39, 40, 42, 43); Caldwell County

(44); Bexar County (46).

Arkadelphia marl. Arkansas, Hempstead County (70-73). 

Prairie Bluff chalk. Mississippi, Chickasaw County (85, 86).

Alabama, Wilcox County (99, 100); Sumter County (103).

Planulina iiacatochensis Cushnian

Plate 65, figure 2

Planulina nacatochensis Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 14, p. 50, pi. 8, fig. 9, 1938; idem, vol. 

16, p. 36, pi. 6, figs. 12a-c, 1940.

Cushman and Goudkoff, idem, vol. 20, p. 63, pi. 10, figs. 

13a, b, 1944.

Test much compressed, nearly planispiral in the adult, 

periphery rounded, evolute throughout, at least in .the 

megalospheric form; chambers distinct, averaging 9 in 

the adult whorl, increasing very gradually in size as 

added, somewhat more overlapping on the dorsal side, 

very little inflated; sutures distinct, slightly limbate, on 

the ventral side evenly curved, on the dorsal side somewhat sigmoid; wall smooth, finely perforate; aperture 

extending from the periphery over onto the dorsal side, 

with a slight, overhanging lip. Diameter 0.40 to 0.50 

mm., thickness 0.10 to 0.12 mm.

The types are from the Nacatoch sand of Cyrus 

Heller's marl bed, Beebe, White County, Ark. (76). It 

also occurs in the Upper Cretaceous of California.

This species differs from P. taylorensis (Carsey) 

.Cushman in the smaller size, rounded periphery, more 

evolute form, and lack of a central umbo.
ANOMALINlDAE 159

Planulimi grccnhoriicnsis (Morrow) Cushmaii

Plate 65, figure 3

Globowtalia greenhornensis Morrow, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 8, 

p. 199, pi. 31, figs, la-c, 1934.

Planulina greenhornensis Cushman, Cushman Lab. Forara. Research Contr., vol. 16, p. 37,'pi. 7, figs, la-c, 1940.

Test trochoid, biconvex, dorsal side distinctly convex, ventral 

side strongly convex; periphery slightly scalloped, chambers 

numerous, 8 or 9 in final whorl, dorsal side flattened, bordered by 

a thickened, slightly elevated margin which curves forward from 

the edge of the preceding chamber to the spiral suture, chambers 

seen from the ventral side inflated, extended in the direction 

of the axis of coiling producing a deep, steepsided umbilical area; 

sutures on the ventral side strongly depressed, curving gently 

backward; periphery acute, wall finely perforate; aperture umbilical at base of last chamber. Diameter'0.66 mm., thickness 0.22 mm.

The characters of G. greenhornensis are distinctive and quite constant, making it very easy to distinguish from other species with 

which it is associated.

This species is very abundant locally and apparently restricted 

to the Greenhorn formation. Morrow, 1934.

The type is .redrawn here. It seems to belong to 

Planulina. No specimens referable to it have been noted 

in our material.

Genus CIBICIDES Moutfort, 1808 

Cibicides stephensoni Cushmaii

Plate 65, figure 4

Cibicides stephensoni Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research 

Contr., vol. 14, p. 70, pi. 12, fig. 5, 1938; idem, vol. 16, p. 

37, pi. 7, figs. 2a-c, 1940; idem, vol. 20, p. 16, pi. 3, fig. 16, 

1944.

Cushman and Goudkoff, idem, vol. 20, p. 63, pi.'10, figs. 

15a, b, 1944.'

Test trochoid, much compressed; dorsal side flattened 

or even slightly concave, except for the slightly raised 

umbo; ventral side somewhat convex, also with a central 

umbo surrounded by a deep groove; periphery subacute; 

chambers of the last whorl distinct, slightly inflated, 10 

to 12 in the adult whorl, of rather uniform shape, 

increasing gradually in size as added; sutures on the 

dorsal side somewhat limbate, sometimes slightly raised, 

curved, ventrally slightly depressed; wall smooth, finely 

but distinctly perforate; aperture a low opening at the 

base of the last-formed chamber, with a slight lip. 

Diameter 0.55 to 0.65 mm., thickness 0.27 to 0.30 mm.

The types of this species are from the Selma chalk of 

the Pecan Gap chalk age at the upper end of a bluff 

on the Tombigbee River at Demopolis, Ala.

This species differs from Cibicides harperi Sandidge in 

the smaller size, the more definitely raised costae, and 

the less sharp periphery.

It Occurs most commonly in the upper beds of Taylor 

age, is especially common in the Pecan Gap chalk, and 

ranges upward to the Neylandville marl and Saratoga 

chalk. It also occurs in the Upper Cretaceous of California.

Navarro age.

Selma chalk (upper part). Mississippi, Prentiss County (91). 

Ripley formation. Tennessee, McNairy County (94). 

Saratoga chalk. Arkansas, Hempstead County (80, 81, 83). 

Neylandville marl. Texas, Kaufman County (59).

Taylor age.

Upper part of Taylor marl. Texas, Kaufman County (130); 

Milam County (139); Williamson County (142); Hays 

County (150); Bexar County (152, 153, 158).

Oaan formation. Arkansas, Little River County (254).

Pecan Gap chalk member of Taylor marl. Texas, Delta County (165, 166).

Selma chalk of Pecan Gap chalk age. Alabama, Marengo 

County (256).

Selma chalk (middle part). Tennessee, Hardin County (255). 

Mississippi, Union County (262).

Wolfe City sand member of Taylor marl. Texas, Collin County (181).

Annona chalk. Texas, Bowie County (189, 190); Red River 

County (196, 197).

Lower part of Taylor marl. Texas, Bell County (245).

Cibicides harperi (Sandidge) Cushman

Plate 65, figures 5-7 

Anomalina harperi Sandidge, Am. Midland Naturalist, vol. 13,

p. 316, pi. 29, figs. 1, 2, 1932. 

Cibicides harperi Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research

Contr,. vol. 16, p. 38, pi. 7, figs. 3-5, 1940. 

Cushman and Todd, idem, vol. 19, p. 72, pi. 12, fig.. 16, 1943. 

Cibicides ripleyensis Sandidge? (not Tnmcatulina ripleyensis W. 

Berry), Am. Midland Naturalist, vol. 13, p. 199, pi. 19, 

figs. 17-19, 1932.

Test almost equally biconvex, the ventral side somewhat conical, 

the dorsal side slightly flattened at the center; periphery subacute, smooth in early stages, later becoming lobate; chambers 

numerous, 9 in the last coil, increasing in size very gradually, 

early chambers concealed on the dorsal side by a spiral of clear 

shell material occupying the umbilical area, chambers involute 

on the ventral side, a small umbo at the center of the coil; sutures 

slightly limbate on the dorsal side, smooth on the ventral side, 

curving slightly from the center of both faces to the periphery; 

wall coarsely punctate; aperture an arched opening at the base of 

the chambers on the periphery of the penultimate coil, extending 

a short distance onto the dorsal side under the margin of the 

chambers. Diameter of the holotype, 0.6 mm. Sandidge, 1932.

The types are from the Ripley formation in a low 

bluff where Boguechitto Creek joins the Alabama River, 

Ala. In the present material, the species occurs in collections from the Ripley formation and from the upper 

beds of Navarro age.

Navarro age.

Kemp clay. Texas, Navarro County (3). 

Corsicana marl. Texas, Limestone County (29, 30); Travis

County (34); Bexar County (46). 

Prairie Bluff chalk. Alabama, Sumter County (101, 102).

Cibicides subcarinatus Cushman and Deaderick

Plate 65, figures 8-11

Anomalina coonensis W. Berry (not Truncatulina coonensis Berry) 

in Berry and Kelley, U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc., vol. 76, art. 

., 19, p. 14, pi. 2, figs. 22-24, 1929. 

Cibicides coonensis Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research

Contr., vol. 16, p. 39, pi. 7, figs. 6-8, 1940. 

Cushman and Hedberg, idem, vol. 17, p. 100, pi. 23, figs. 21ac, 1941. 

Anomalina pseudopapillosa Cushman (not Carsey), Tennessee

Div. Geology Bull. 41, p. 61, pi. 12, figs. 4a-c, 1931. 

Cibicides mbca.rinatus Cushman and Deaderick, Jour. Paleontology; vol. 18, p. 341, 1944.

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 20, 

p. 96, pi. 14, fig. 21, 1944.

Test involute, somewhat compressed, nearly equally biconvex, 

peripheral margin subcarinate; chambers numerous, usually 12 in 

the last formed coil, very slightly curving; sutures limbate, 

slightly raised, comma-shaped, slightly elevated at the edge of the 

umbilical area; wall punctate; aperture an arched slit at the base 

of the last chamber, extending toward the umbilicus. Diameter 

0.55 mm Berry, 1929.

The types are from the Coon Creek tongue of the 

Ripley formation at Dave Week's place on Coon Creek, 

31/2 miles south of Enville, 7% miles north of Adamsville, and % mile east of the main HendersonvilleAdamsville road, McNairy County, Tenn. The holotype has been redrawn here.

In the present material the species occurs mainly in 

collections from the upper beds of Taylor age, with specimens also in collections from the lower beds of Navarro 

age and one record from beds of Austin age. It is recorded from the "Orocue" formation of Quebrada La 

Petrolea, Colombia.
160 UPPER CRETACEOUS FORAMINIFERA OF GULF- COASTAL REGION

From a study of the hdlotypes, it is probable that 

"Truncatulina wadei W. Berry" (in Berry and Kelley, 

U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc., vol. 76, art. 19, p. 12, pi. 3, figs. 

13-15, 1929) and "Anomalina wadei W. Berry" (idem, 

p. 14, pi. 3, figs. 20-22, 1929) should be placed within 

the range of Cibicides subcarinatus. The holotypes of 

these forms have been redrawn here.

Navarro age. 

Selma chalk (upper part). Tennessee, McNairy County (98).

Alabama, Marengo County (104).

Ripley formation. Tennessee, McNairy County (94, 97). 

Neylandville marl. Texas, Rockwall County (57); Navarro

County (66). 

Taylor age. 

Upper part of Taylor marl. Texas, Red River County (105.

106); Lamar County (110); Hunt County (115^ 116);

Collin County (120); Navarro County (132); Bexar

County (152).

Marlbrook marl. Arkansas, Clark County; Hempstead County. 

Selma chalk (middle part). Mississippi, Alcorn County (.258). 

Lower part of Taylor marl. -Texas, Delta County (206). 

Austin age. Selma chalk (lower part). Mississippi, Itawamba.

County (351).

Cibicides beaumontianus (D'Orbigny) Brotzeii

Plate 65, figure 12 

Truncatulina beaumontiana D'Orbigny, Soc. geo.l. France Mem.,

1st ser., vol. 4, p. 35, pi. 3, figs. 17-19, 1840. 

Cibicides beaumontiana Brotzen, Sveriges geol. undersokning, ser.

C, No. 396, p. 188, 1936.

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 16, 

p. 39, pi. 7, figs. 9a-c, 1940; idem, vol. 20, p. 16, pi. 3, 

fig. 18, 1944. 

Cushman and Deaderick, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 18, p. 342,

pi. 53, figs. 36, 37, 1944.

Cibicides involuta Cushnian (not Reuss), Jour. Paleontology, vol. 

5, p. 315, pi. 36, figs. lOa-c, 1931; idem, vol. 6, p. 345, 1932.

Test trochoid, planoconvex; dorsal side flattened or 

slightly concave, evolute; ventral side strongly convex, 

involute; periphery - acute, slightly lobulate; chambers 

distinct, usually 7 or 8 in the adult whorl, slightly inflated 

on the ventral side, increasing rather rapidly in size as 

added; sutures distinct, earlier sutures slightly limbate, 

strongly curved, slightly depressed ventrally in the later 

portion; wall smooth, or slightly thickened above the 

'sutures in the center of the dorsal side; aperture a low 

opening extending from the periphery well over onto the 

dorsal side at the base of the last-formed chamber. 

Diameter 0.75 to 1.00 mm., thickness 0.50 mm.

The types are from the Upper Cretaceous White chalk 

of Meudon., near Paris. The species is fairly widely distributed in the upper Senonian of Europe. In the present 

material it ranges from the horizons of the Saratoga 

chalk down to the horizons of the Annona chalk.

Navarro age. Saratoga chalk. Arkansas, Hempstead County

(81); Howard County (79). 

Taylor age.

Upper part of Taylor marl. Texas, Red River County (105,. 

108, 109); Lamar County (110); Rockwall County (124); 

Kaufman County (130).

Pecan Gap chalk member of Taylor marl. Texas, Delta County 

(166); Hunt County (168).

Selma chalk of Pecan Gap chalk age. Alabama, Marengo 

County (256).

Selma chalk (middle part). -Mississippi, Alcorn County (259).

Wolfe City sand member of Taylor marl. Texas, Collin County (180, 181); Navarro County (188).

Annona chalk. Texas, Red River County (196).

Cibicides conslrictus (Hagenow) Cushman

Plate 65, figure 13 

Rolalia constricta Hagenow, Neues Jahrb.,-1842, p. 571.

Reuss, Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math-naturwiss. Kl., Sitzungsber.,

vol. 44, pt. 1, 1861, p. 329, pi. 6, fig. 7 (1862).

Cibicides constricta Cushman, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 5, p. 315, 

pi. 36, figs. 7a-c, 1931; Cushman Lab. Foram. Research 

Contr., vol. 16, p. 40, pi. 7, figs. lOa-c, 1940; idem, vol. 20, 

p. 17, pi. 3, fig. 19, 1944.

Specimens similar to that figured have been referred 

to Cibicides constrictus. They are common in the Saratoga chalk and have been recorded in the Pecan Gap 

chalk member of the Taylor marl.

Navarro group, Saratoga chalk. Arkansas, Howard County (79);

Hempstead County (80, 81). 

Taylor marl, Pecan Gap chalk member. Texas, Delta County

(165).

Cibicides cooiieiisis (W. Berry) Thalmaim

Plate 65, figure 15 

Truncatulina coonensis W. Berry (not Anomalina coonensis

Berry), in Berry and Kelley, U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc., vol.

76, art. 19, p. 12, pi. 3, figs. 1-3, 1929. 

Cibicides coonensis Thalmann, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 15, p. 679,

1941. 

Cibicides berryi Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr.,

vol. 14, p. 71, pi. 12, fig. 6, 1938; idem, vol. 16, p. 40, pi. 7,

figs, lla-c, 1940.

Test free, biconvex, dorsal side less convex than ventral, peripheral margin slightly rounded and slightly subcarinate; chambers 

numerous, 9 to 10 in the last coil, involute on ventral side, sutures 

depressed, slightly distinct, wall punctate; aperture an arched 

opening at the base of the last formed chamber with a slit extending under the dorsal margin of the chambers. Diameter, 0.35 

mm. Berry, 1929.

The types are from the Coon Creek tongue of the 

Ripley formation at Dave Week's place on Coon Creek, 

3l/2 miles south of Enville, 7% miles north of Adamsville, 

and y% mile east of the main Hendersonville-Adamsville 

road, McNairy County, Tenn.(97). The holotype has 

been redrawn.

I have not found the species in the present collections.

According to the rules of nomenclature this species 

should retain the name Cibicides coonensis (W. Berry).

A number of papers on the Cretaceous Foraminifera 

of North and South America have been published since 

the last revision of the present paper. These contain 

numerous new species and varieties. Those from regions 

outside the range of the present paper have not been 

included here, but some of them may later be found in 

this area.

The following new species from the area covered by 

the present paper are noted:

New arenaceous Foraminifera from the Woodbine sand of 

northern Texas (Tappan, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 15, pp. 359-361 

pi. 51, 1941):

Reophax woodbinensis Tappan, n. sp. (p. 359, pi. 51, figs. 10-12). 

Flabellamnnina brachylocula Tappan, n.-sp. (p. 360, pi. 51, fig. 9). 

Flabellammina denisonensis Tappan, n. sp. (p. 360, pi. 51, figs.

1-8).

Cretaceous Foraminifera from the Brownstown marl of Arkansas 

(Cushman and Deaderick, Cushman Lab. Foram, Research Contr., 

vol. 18, pp. 50-66, pis. 9-15, 1942): 

Ammobaculites subplanatus Cushman and Deaderick, n. sp. (p. 52,

pi. 9, figs. 10, 11). 

Darbyella broumstoimensis Cushman and Deaderick,'n. sp. (p. 56,

pi. 11, figs. 1-3). 

Dentalina basiplanata Cushman, var. subsetigera Cushman and

Deaderick, n. var. (p. 58, pi. 11, figs. 5, 6). 

Vaginulina texana Cushman, var. suturocostata Cushman and

Deaderick, n. var. (p. 59, pi. 12, figs. 7-10). 

Foraminifera of the lower part of the Mooreville chalk of the 

Selma group of Mississippi (Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. 

Research Contr., vol. 20, pp. 83-96, pis. 13, 14, 1944): 

Pseiidoglandulina costulata Cushman, n. sp. (p. 88, pi. 13, fig. 10).

&6469S4
PLATES 1-66

161
PLATE 1

FIGURES 1, 2. Rhabdammina discreta H. B. Brady (p. 14). (After Cushman and Jarvis.) Cretaceous, Trinidad. X 38. 

3, 4. Bathysiphon taurinensis Sacco (p. 14). Lower part of Austin chalk, Grayson County, Tex. (335). X 33. 

. 5. Bathysiphon alexanderi Cushman (p. 14). Holotype. Brownstown marl, Red River County, Tex. (318). X 55. 

6. Saccammina rhumbleri (Franke) Cushman and Jarvis (p. 14). (After Cushman and Jarvis.) Cretaceous, Trinidad. X 38.

7, 8. Proteonina difflugiformis (H. B. Brady) Rhumbler (p. 15). Ripley formation, Benton County, Tenn. (93). X 68. 

9-11. Pelosina complanata Franke (p. 15). (After Cushman and Jarvis.) Cretaceous, Trinidad. X 33. 

12, 13. Hyperammina elongata H. B. Brady (p. 15). (After Cushman and Jarvis.) Cretaceous, Trinidad. X 38.

14. Hyperammina? sp. (p. 15). (After Cushman and Jarvis.) Cretaceous, Trinidad. X 33. 

15-17. Saccorhiza ramosa (H. B. Brady) Eimer and Fickert (p. 15). (After Cushman and Jarvis.) Cretaceous, Trinidad.

X 33. 

18-20. Reophax lexanus Cushman and Waters (p. 16).

' 18. Navarro group, upthrow side of fault, Mexia oil field, Mexia, Tex. a, Front view; 6, apertural view. 

X 38.

19. Kemp clay, 6 miles east of Corsicana, Navarro County, Tex. X 68.

20.. Corsicana'marl, Caldwell County, Tex. (44). a, Front view; b, apertural view. X 38. 

21, 22. Reophax constrictus (Reuss) Cushman (p. 16). Prairie Bluff chalk, Wilcox County, Ala. (100). X 38.

23. Reophax clavulinus (Reuss) Cushman (p. 16). Selma chalk (lower part), .Lee County, Miss. (350). X 38. 

24, 25. Reophax dentalinoides (Reuss) Cushman (p. 16). Annona chalk, Red River County, Tex. (194). X 38.

26. Reophax sp. (p. 17). (After Cushman and Jarvis.) Cretaceous, Trinidad. X 38.

27. Hormosina globulifera H. B. Brady (p. 17). (After Cushman and Jarvis.) Cretaceous, Trinidad. X 33. 

28-31. Nodellum velascoense (Cushman) Cushman and Jarvis (p. 17).

28. Velasco shale, Mexico. Holotype, a, Front view; b, side view. X 58. 

29-31. (After Cushman and Jarvis.) Cretaceous, Trinidad. X 45.

32. Ammodiscus glabratus Cushman and Jarvis (p. 17). Holotype. (After Cushman.and Jarvis.) Cretaceous, Trinidad. X 33.

33, 34.- Ammodiscus pennyi Cushman and Jarvis (p. 17). (After Cushman and Jarvis.) Cretaceous, Trinidad. 33, Holotype. 34, Paratype. X 33.

35. Ammodiscus cretaceus (Reuss) Cushman (p. 17). Ripley formation, Henderson County, Tenn. (96). X 33. 

36, 37. Ammodiscoides turbinatus Cushman (p. 18). (After Cushman and Jarvis.) Cretaceous, Trinidad. 36. a, b,

Opposite sides. X 30. 

38-40. Glomospira gordialis (Jones and Parker) Cushman (p. 18).

38. Upper part of Taylor marl/Delta County, Tex. (p. 114). X 68.

39. 40. (After Cushman and Jarvis.) Cretaceous, Trinidad. X 38.

162 .
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 206 PLATE 1

ASTRORHIZIDAE, RHIZAMMINIDAE, SACCAMMINIDAE, HYPERAMMINIDAE, REOPHACIDAE, AND

AMMODISCIDAE.
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 206 PLATE 2

AMMODISCIDAE, LITUOLIDAE.
PLATE 2

FIGURES 1 3. Glomospira charoides (Jones and Parker) Cushman var. corona Cushnian and Jarvis (p. 19). (After Cushman and

Jarvis.) Cretaceous, Trinidad. X 58. 

4, 5. Lituotuba litutformis (H. B. Brady) Rhumbler (p. 19).

4. (After Cushman and Jarvis.) Cretaceous, Trinidad, a, b, Opposite sides. X 33.

5. Velasco shale, Mexico, a, b, Opposite sides. X 45. 

6. Ammoiagena clavata (Jones and Parker) Eimer and Fickert. (p. 19). (After Cushman and Jarvis.) Cretaceous,

Trinidad. X 30. 

7, 8. Trochamminoides velascoensis Cushman (p. 19). Velasco shale, Mexico. 7, X 55. 8, X 42. a, Side view; b,

peripheral view. 

9, .10. Haplophragmoides eggeri Cushman (p. 20).

9. Velasco shale, Mexico. Holotype, a, side view; b, peripheral view. X 55.

.10. (After Cushman and Jarvis.) Cretaceous, Trinidad, a, Side view; b, peripheral view. X 30. 

11, 12. Haplophragmoides calcula Cushman and Waters (p. 19). Corsicana marl, Hunt County, Tex. (24). a, Side view;

b, peripheral view. 11, X 40; 12, X 60. 

13-15. Haplophragmoides excavata Cushman and Waters (p. 21).

13. (After Cushnian and Jarvis.) Cretaceous, Trinidad. X 75.

14. Corsicana marl, Hunt County, Tex. (24). Holotype, a, Side view; b, peripheral view. X 68.

.1.5. Navarro group, core sample, upthrow side of fault, Mexia oil field, Mexia, Tex. a, Side view; b, peripheral

view. X 50. 

16, 17. Haplophragmoides glabra Cushman and Waters (p. 20).

16. Corsicana marl, Hunt County, Tex. (24). a, Side view; b, apertural view. X 75.

17. Navarro group, core sample, upthrow side of fault, Mexia oil field, Mexia, Tex. a, Side view; b,

peripheral view. X 55. 

IS, .19. Haplophragmoides rugosa Cushman and Waters (p. 20).

18. Navarro group just east of Richland, Navarro County, Tex. a, Side view; b, peripheral view. X 68.

19. Selina chalk (middle part), Alcorn County, Miss. (257). a, Side view; b, peripheral view. X 75. 

20-22. Haplophragmoides coronala (H. B. Brady) Cushman (p. 20). (After Cushman and Jarvis.) Cretaceous, Trinidad.

X 30.

23. Haplophragmoides kirki Wickenden (p. 21). Riding Mountain beds near Millwood, Manitoba. Paratype, a, b, 

Opposite, sides; c, peripheral view. X 90.

163
FIGURE 1. Haplophragmoides fraseri Wickenden (p. 21). Bearpavv shale, Canada. Paratype, a, side view; b, peripheral view. 

X 90.

2. Haplophragmoides gigas Cushman (p. 21). Cretaceous, Canada. X 30.

3. Cribrostomoides trinitatensis Cushman and Jarvis.(p- 22). (After Cushman and Jarvis.) Cretaceous, Trinidad. 

X 60.

4. Ammobaculites alexanderi Cushman (p. 22). Lower part of Taylor marl, Lamar County, Tex. (202). Holotype, 

a, side view; 6, peripheral view; c, apertural view. X 60.

5. Ammobaculites arenatus Cushman (p. 22). Arkadelphia marl, Hempstead County, Ark. (72). Holotype. X 23.

6. Ammobaculites colombianus Cushman and Hedberg (p. 22). (After Cushman and Hedberg.) Cretaceous, Colombia.

Holotype, a, side view; b, peripheral view. X 38. 

7-9. Ammobaculites coprolithiformis (Schwager) Cushman (p. 22).

7, 8. (After Cushman and Jarvis.) Cretaceous, Trinidad. X 38.

9. Corsicana marl, Caldwell County, Tex. (44). a, Side view; b, apertural view. X 38. 

10-16. Ammobaculites fragmentarius Cushman (p. 23).

10. 11. Ripley formation, Benton County, Tenn. (93). X 68.

12-15. Bonham marl, Lamar County, Tex. (329). 12o, 13a, 14o, 15a, Side views; 126, apertural view; 136, 146,

156, peripheral views. X 38.

16. Lower part of Taylor marl, Ellis County, Tex. (234). a, Side view; 6, basal view. X 38. 

17. Ammobaculites stephensoni Cushman (p. 24).. Lower part of Taylor marl, McLennan County, Tex. (243). Holotype

a, side view; 6, peripheral view. X 38. 

18-20. Ammobaculites subcretaceus Cushman and Alexander (p. 23).

 18, 19. Eagle Ford shale, well samples, Texas, a, Side view; 6, peripheral view. X 55.

20. Eagle Ford shale near Britton, Tex. (370). X 30.

21. Ammobaculites taylorensis Cushman and Waters (p. 23). Taylor marl, well samples, Caldwell County, Tex. Holotype, a, side view; 6, peripheral view. X 38.

22, 23. Ammobaculites texanus Cushman (p. 23). Corsicana marl, Bexar County, Tex. (46). 22, Holotype. X 23. 

24, 25. Flabellammina saratogaensis Cushman (p. 24).

24. Saratoga chalk, Howard, County, Ark. (79). Holotype, a, front view; 6, apertural view. X 25.

25. Marlbrook marl, .Little River, Ark. (254). X 38.

164
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PHOFESSIONAL PAPER 206 PLATE 3

LITUOLIDAE.
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 206 PLATE 4

LITUOLIDAE.
PLATE 4

FIGUHES 1, 2. FlabeUammina clava Alexander and Smith (p. 24). (After Alexander and Smith.) Austin chalk, Tex. X 25.

3-0. FlabeUammina compressa (Beissel) Alexander and Smith (p. 25). Taylor marl, southeast of Delvalle, Tex. (145). X 38. 

7, 8. FLabellammina magna Alexander and Smith (p. 25 ). (After Alexander and Smith.) Taylor marl, Tex. X 15. 

9, 10. FlabeUammina rugosa Alexander and Smith (p. 24). (After Alexander and Smith.) Austin chalk, Texas. X 25. 

11, 12. Frankeina cushmani Alexander and Smith (p. 25). (After Alexander and Smith). Upper part of Taylor marl,

1.5 miles south of Delvalle, Tex.. (145). 12, Holotype. II, Paratype. X 25.

.13, 14. Frankeina rugosissima Alexander and Smith (p. 25). (After Alexander and Smith.) Taylor marl, 6 miles northeast of Austin, Tex. 13, Holotype. 14, Paratype. X 20.

1.05
PLATE 5

FIGURES 1, 2. Frankeina taylorensis Cushman and Waters (p. 25).

1. Holotype. (After Cushman and Waters.) Taylor marl, well samples, Caldwell County, Tex. X 22.

2. (After Alexander and Smith.) Taylor marl, Tex. X 15.

3,4. Haplophragmium taylorense Cushman and Waters (p. 26). (After Cushman and Waters.) Taylor marl, well 

samples, Caldwell County, Tex. 3, a, Side view; b, vertical section; c, apertural view. 4, Transverse section. 

X 22.

5. Cyclammina elegans Cushman and Jarvis (p. 26). (After Cushman and Jarvis.) Cretaceous, Trinidad. Holotype, 

a, side view; b, peripheral view. X 30.

6. Lituola taylorensis Cushman and Waters (p. 26). (After Cushman and Waters.) Upper part of Taylor marl, Leon

County, Tex. (138). Holotype, a, front view; b, peripheral view: c, apertural view. X 8. 

7,8. Lituola irregulariter Cushman (p. 26). Lower part of Taylor marl, Ellis County, Tex. (234). 7, X 3.0. 8, X 25;

a, Front'view; b, apertural view.

9, 10. Spiroplectammina vxcolata (Cushman) Cushman and Jarvis (p. 27). (After Cushman and Jarvis.) Cretaceous, 

Trinidad. 9, a, Front view; b, apertural view. X 38.

11. Spiroplectammina dentata (Alth) Cushman and Jarvis (p. 27). (After Cushman and Jarvis.) Cretaceous, Trinidad, 

a, Front view; b, apertural view. X 30.

12. Spiroplectammina baudouiniana (D'Orbigny) Cushman (p. 27). (After Cushman and Jarvis.) Cretaceous, Trinidad, a, Front view; b, apertural view. X 25.

13,14. Spiroplectammina navarroana Cushman (p. 27). Kemp clay,. Navarro County, Tex. (3). a, Front view; 6, 

apertural view. 13, Holotype, X 90. 14, Paratype, X 68.

166
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 20fi PLATE 5

LITUOLIDAE, TEXTULARIIDAE.
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 206 PLATE 6

TEXTULARIIDAE.
PLATE 6

s 1-3. Spiroplectammina laevis (Roemer) Cushman var. cretosa Gush man (p. 27). Upper part of Taylor marl, Collin

County, Tex. (121). a, Front view; b, apertural view. 1, Hplotype. 2, 3, Paratypes. X55. 

4. Spiroplectammina mordenensis Wickenden (p. 28). (After Wickenden.) Morden beds of Manitoba, a, Front

view; b, apertural view. X75. 

5-14. Spiroplectammina semicomplanata (Carsey) Plumrner (p. 28).

5. Corsicana marl, Travis County, Tex. (36). a, Front view; b, apertural view. X68.

6. 7. Navarro group, well samples near Richland, Navarro County, Tex. a, Front view; b, apertural view. 

X55.

8. Ripley formation, McNairy County, Tenn. (97). a, Front view; b, apertural view. X68.

9. Corsicana marl, Travis County, Tex. (43). a, Front view; b, apertural view. X25.

.10-13. Prairie Bluff chalk, Moscow Landing, Tombigbee River, Ala. (103). a, Front view; b, apertural view.

X30. 

14. Holotype of "Textularia sagittula var. coonensis W. Berry," redrawn. Ripley formation, McNairy County,

Tenn. (97). a, Front view; b, apertural view. X55. 

15. Spiroplectammina semicomplanata (Carsey) Plummer v&r.juncea Cushman (p. 29). Saratoga chalk, Howard County;,

Ark. (79). Holotype, a, front view; 6, apertural view. X38. 

10. Spiroplectammina jarvisi Cushman (p. 29). (After Cushman and Jarvis.) Cretaceous, Trinidad. Holotype,

a, front view; b, apertural view. X42. 

17-20. Textularia ripleyensis W. Berry (p. 29).

17-19. Ripley formation, McNairy County, Tenn. (97). 17, Holotype redrawn, X38. 18, 19, Topotypes,

X68. a, Front View; b, apertural view.

20. Upper part of Taylor marl (?), well samples, near'Richland, Navarro County, Tex. a, Front view; b, apertural view. X55.

21, 22. Textularia subconica Franke (p. 30). Lower part of Taylor marl, Lamar County, Tex. (200). a, Front view; 

b, apertural view. X45.

23. Textularia subglabra Cushman (p. 30). Velasco shale, Mexico. Holotype, redrawn, a, front view; b, apertural 

view. X90.

24. Gaudryina canadensis Cushman (p. 34). Paratype, Cretaceous, western Canada. X55.

25. Bigenerina hastata Cushman (p. 30). Holotype, Cretaceous, Canada. X30.

26. Bigenerina velascoensis Cushman (p. 30). Holotype, Velasco shale, Mexico. X48.

27. Ammobaculoides navarroensis Plummer (p. 30). Kernp clay, Travis County, Tex. (15). Topotype, a, front view;

b, apertural view. X55. 

28, 29. Spiroplectammina lalickeri Albritton and Phleger (p. 29).

28. Lower part of Taylor marl, Travis County, Tex. (247). X55.

29. (After Albritton and Phleger.) Lower part of Taylor marl, Ellis County, Tex. (230). a, Front view; b, 

side view. X45.

167
PLATE 7

FIGURE 1. Verneuilina polystropha (Reuss) H. B. Brady (p. 31). (After Cushman and Jarvis.) Cretaceous, Trinidad, a,

Front view; b, apertural view. X 60.

2,3. Verneuilina canadensis Cushman (p. 31). Cretaceous, western Canada. Paratypes. X 58. 

4-6. Verneulina bearpawensis Wickenden (p. 31).

4, 5. Cretaceous, Alberta, Canada. Paratypes, a, front view; b, apertural view. X 100.

6. Ripley formation, McNairy County, Tenn. (94). a, Front view; b, side view; c, apertural view. X 90.

7. Verneuilina cretosa Cushman (p. 31). Austin chalk, Bell County Tex. (316). a, Front view; b, apertural view. 

X 25.

8. Tritaxia manitobensis Wickenden (p. 31). Cretaceous, Canada. Paratype, a, front view; b, apertural view. X 70.

9. Tritaxia jarvisi Cushman (p. 31). (After Cushman and Jarvis.) Cretaceous, Trinidad. Holotype, a, front view;

6, apertural view. X 25. 

10, 11. Tritaxia ellisorae Cushman (p. 32). Pecan Gap chalk, member of Taylor marl, Rockwall County, Tex. (175). .10,

Holotype, a, front view; b, apertural view. 11, Paratype. X 38. 

12,13. Gaudryina foeda (Reuss) Cushman (p. 32). Prairie Bluff chalk, Wilcox County, Ala. (100). X 70.

14. Gaudryina faujasi (Reuss) Cushman (p. 32). Upper part of Taylor marl, Bexar County, Tex. (158). a, Front view;

b, apertural view. X 38. 

15, 16. Gaudryina bentonensis (Carman) Cushman (p. 33).

15. Benton shale, Sheep Mountain, Wyoming. Holotype, a, front view; b, apertural view. X 70.

16. Bonham marl, Lamar County, Tex. (329). a, Front view; b, apertural view. X 58.

17. Gaudryina navarroana Cushman (p. 33). Navarro group, well sample, upthrow side of fault, Mexia oil field, Mexia, 

Tex. Holotype, a, front view; b, rear view; c, side view. X 55.

18. Gaudryina painoides Wickenden (p. 34). Boyne beds, western Canada. Paratype, a, front view; b, rear view; 

c, apertural view. X 150.

19. Gaudryina io Cushman (p. 33). Wolfe City sand member of Taylor marl, Collin County, Tex. (181). Holotype,

a, front view; b, side view; c, apertural view. X 30. 

20-22. Gaudryina bearpawensis Wickenden. (p. 34). Bearpaw formation, Alberta, Canada. Topotypes, a, front view;-

b, apertural view. X 70. 

23, 24. Gaudryina rudita Sandidge (p. 35).

23. Ripley formation, Henderson County, Tenn. (96). a, Front view; b, apertural view. X 68.

24. Prairie Bluff chalk, Moscow Landing, Tombigbee River, Ala. (103). a, Front view; -b, apertural 

view. X 30.

168 '
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 206 PLATE 7

VERNEUILINIDAE.
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 206 PLATE

VERNEUILIMDAE.
PLATE 8

FIGURE 1. Gaudryiria rudita Sandidge (p. 34). Selma chalk (upper part), McNairy County, Tenn. (98). a, Front view; b,

side view. X 33. 

2, 3. Gaudryina quadrans Cushman (p. 35). Upper part of Taylor marl, Bexar County, Tex. (158). 3, Holotype, a, Front

view; b, apertural view. 2, Paratype. X 38. 

4. Gaudryina laevigata Franke (p. 33). Upper part of Taylor marl, Red River County, Tex. (107). a, Front view:

b, apertural view. X 38. 

5-7. Gaudryina (Siphogaudryina) austinana Cushman (p. 35).

5, 6. Austin chalk, Collin County, Tex. (295). 5, Holotype. 6, Paratype. a, Front view; b, apertural

view. X 30.

7. Cober tongue of Austin chalk, Lamar County, Tex. (288). a, Front view; b, apertural view. X 30. 

8-11. Gaudryina (Siphogaudryina) stephensoni Cushman (p. 35).

8-10. Wolfe City sand member of Taylor marl, Collin County, Tex. (181). X 78. 

1.1. -Ripley formation, McNairy County, Tenn. (4). a, Front view; b, side view. X 68. 

12, 13. Gaudryina (Pseudogaiidryina) ellisorae Cushman (p. 35). Lower part of Taylor marl, Travis County, Tex. (248)

13, Holotype. 12, Paratype. a, Front view; b, apertural view. X 38.

14. .Gaudryina (Pseiidogaudryina) pyramidata Cushman (p. 36). Cretaceous, Trinidad. X 25. 

15-2.1. Gaudryinella pseudoserrata Cushman (p. 36).

15. Corsicana marl, Limestone County, Tex. (30). a, Front view; b. side view. X 58.

16. Gorsicana marl, Hunt County, Tex. (24). a, Front view; b, side view. X 58.

17. 18, 20. Corsicana marl, Caldwell County, Tex. (44). 20, Vertical section. X '58. 

19, 21. Arkadelphia marl, Hempstead County, Ark. (72). X 28. 

22-31. Pseudoclavulina clavata (Cushman) Cushman (p. 36.)

22. Lower part of Taylor marl, McLennan County, Tex. (242). a, Front view; b, apertural view. X 58.

23. Gober tongue of Austin chalk, Lamar County, Tex. (288). X 38.

24-26. Ripley formation, McNairy County, Tenn. (97). a, Front view; b, apertural view. X 60.

27-31. Pecan Gap chalk member of Taylor marl, McLennan County, Tex. (177). X 30.

. 169
PLATE 9

FIGURES 1, 2. Pseudoclavulina clavata (Cushman) Cushman (p. 36). Ripley formation, McNairy County, Tenn. (97). I, Original 

of "Reophax coonensis W. Berry," redrawn. 2, Original of "Reophax cylindricus var. ripleyensis W. Berry," 

redrawn. X 30. 

3, 4. Pseudoclavulina amorpha (Cushman) Cushman (p. 37). Cretaceous, Mexico. 3, Holotype, X 16. 4, X 30;

a. Front view; 6, apertural view. 

5. Pseudoclavulina amorpha (Cushman) Cushman var. incrustata Cushman (p. 37). Saratoga chalk, Howard County,

Ark. (79). a, Front view; b, apertural view. X 25. 

6-8. Pseudoclavulina chitinosa (Cushman and Jarvis) Cushman (p. 37). (After Cushman and Jarvis.) Cretaceous,

Trinidad. X 30. 

9. Pseudoclavulina arenata (Cushman) Cushman (p. 37). Arkadelphia marl, Hempstead County, Ark. (72). a, Front

view; b, apertural view. X 48. 

10-1.6. Clavulinoides trilatera (Cushman) Cushman (p. 38)'.

10. Velasco shale, Mexico. Holotype. X 38."

11. (After Cushman and Jarvis.) Cretaceous, Trinidad, a, Front view; b, apertural view. X 17.

12. 13. Saratoga chalk, Howard County, Ark. (79). a Front view; b, apertural view. X 25. 

14, 15. Saratoga chalk, Hempstead County, Ark. (80). a, Front view; b, apertural view. X 25.

16. Corsicana marl, Travis County, Tex. (38). X 38. 

17-22. Clavulinoides trilatera (Cushman) Cushman var. conc'ava (Cushman) Cushman (p. 38).

17. Saratoga chalk, Howard County, Ark. (79). Holytope, a, Front view; b, apertural view. X 23.

18. Selma chalk (middle part), Prentiss County, Miss. (261). a, Front view; b, apertural view. X 30.

19. Ripley formation, McNairy County, Tenn. (95). X 30. 

' 20-22. Ripley formation, Henderson County, Tenn. (96). a, Front view; b, apertural view. X25.

"23. Clavulinoides trilatera ('(Cushman) Cushman var. plummerae (Sandidge) Cushman (p. 38). (After Sandidge.)

Prairie Bluff chalk, Bartons Bluff, Tombigbee River, Ala. a, Front view; b, apertural view. X 23. 

24-30. Clavulinoides aspera (Cushman) Cushman (p. 38). '. '

24. Cretaceous, Mexico, a, Front view; b, apertural view. X 38.

25. (After. Cushman and Jarvis.) Cretaceous, Trinidad. X. 30. .

26. 27. Lower part of Taylor marl, Delta County, Tex. (206). a,-Front view; b, apertural view. X30. 

28, 29. Lower part of Taylor marl, Bell County, Tex. (245). X 30. 

30. Annpna chalk, Red River County, Tex. (196). X 30.- .

31-33. Clavulinoides'aspera (Cushman) Cushman var. whitei (Cushman and Jarvis) Cushman (p.'39). (After Cushman and 

Jarvis.) Cretaceous, Trinidad. 31, Holotype, a, Front view; b, apertural view; megalospheric form. 32, 33, 

Paratypes, a, Front view; b, apertural view; microspheric form. X 25.

170
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 206 PLATE 9

VERNEUILINIDAE.
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 206 PLATE 10

VERNEUILINIDAE.
PLATE 10

FIGURES 1-7. Clavulinoides compressa (Cushman) Cushman (p. 39).

1-4. Corsicana marl, Limestone County, Tex. (30). a, Front view; b, apertural view. X 38.

5. Navarro group, core sample, upthrow side of fault, Mexia oil field, Mexia, Tex. a, Front view; b, side view; 

c, apertural view. X 50.

6. Corsicana marl, Limestone County, Tex. (29). X 50.

7. Ripley formation, Henderson County, Term. (96). a, Front view; b, side view. X 25. 

8-11. Clavulinoides insignis (Plummer) Cushman (p. 39). Corsicana marl, Navarro County, Tex. (26). 8, 9, Microspheric.

10, 11, Megalospheric. a, Front view; b, apertural view. X 25. 

12-14. Clavulinoides disjuncta (Cushman) Cushman (p. 40). Annona chalk at type locality, Texas (188a). 13, Holotype, a,

front view; b, apertural view. 12, 14, Paratypes, a, front view; b, apertural view. X 38. 

15-19. Pseudogaudryinella capitosa (Cushman) Cushman (p. 40).

15. Selma chalk (lower part), Lee County, Miss. (350). Holotype, a, front view; b, side view; c, apertural

view. X 20. -

16-19. Lower part of Taylor marl, Williamson County, Tex. (246). X 40.

Pseudogaudryinella capitosa (Cushman) Cushman var. semdata (Cushman)' Cushman (p. 40). Cober tongue of 

Austin chalk, Lamar County, Tex. (288).

20. Holotype, a, front view; b, side view; c, apertural view. X 30.

21-23. Paratypes, a, front view; 6, side view. 21, 22, X 25. 23, X 30.^ , : .

 - ' " ' 171
PLATE 11

FIGURE 1. Pseudogaudryinella mollis (Cushman) Cushman <j>. 40). Austin chalk, Dallas County, Tex. (311). Holotype, a, b,

opposite sides; c, apertural view. X 80. 

2-7. Heterostomella austinana Cushman (p. 41). Gober tongue of Austin chalk, Fannin County, Tex. (279). 2, Holotype.

3-7, Paratypes. a, Front view; b, side view; c, apertural view. 2-6, X 30; 7, X 58. 

8, 9. Heterostomella boynensis Wickenden (p. 41). Boyne beds 1 mile east of Babcock, Manitoba. Paratypes, a, front

view; b, apertural view. X 90. 

 10, 12-21. Heterostomella americana Cushman (p. 41).

 10. Lower part of Taylor marl, Bell County, Tex. (245). Holotype. X 90.

'12. Ripley formation, McNairy County, Tenn. (94). o, Front view; b, apertural view. X 55.

13. Annona chalk, Red River County, Tex. (196). X 68.

14. 16. Upper part of Taylor marl, Red River County, Tex. (108). a, Front view; 6, apertural view. X 68.

15. Upper-part of Taylor marl, Red River County, Tex. (107). X 55. 

17, 18. Pecan Gap chalk member of Taylor marl, Collin County, Tex. (169). X 55. 

19-21. Annona chalk, Red River County, Tex. (195). X 55. 

11. Heterostomella foveolata (Marsson) Cushman (p. 42). Saratoga chalk, Howard County, Ark. (79). a, Front view;

b, apertural view. X 55. 

22,23. Heterostomella cuneata Sandidge (p. 42). Selma chalk (Upper part), Marengo County, Ala. (104). a, Front view;

b, apertural view. X 90. 

24. Heterostomella cuneata Sandidge var. curvata Cushman (p. 42). Selma chalk (upper part), Union County, Miss. (92).

a, Front view; b, apertural view: X 55. 

25, 26. Heterostomella mexicana Cushman (p. 42). Mendez shale, Mexico.

25, Holotype, a, front view; b, apertural view. 26, Paratype, a, front view; b, side view. X 55.

172
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 206 PLATE 11

VERNEUILINmAE.
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 206 PLATE 12

VALVULINIDAE.
PLATE 12

FIGURE 1. Arenobulimina americana Cushman (p. 42). Saratoga chalk, Howard County, Ark. (79). Holotype, a, front view;

b, apertural view. X 38. . . 

2. Eggerella? trochoides (Reuss) Cushman (p. 43). Ripley formation, Henderson County, Tenn. (96). X 42. 

3-5. Marssonella oxycona (Reuss) Cushman (p. 43).

3, 4. (After Cushman and Jarvis.) Cretaceous, Trinidad, a, Front view; b, apertural view. X 25.

5. Saratoga chalk, Howard County, Ark. (79). a, Front view; b, apertural view. X 30. 

6, 7. Marssonella indentata (Cushman and Jarvis) Cushman (p. 44).

6. (After Cushman and Jarvis.) Cretaceous, Trinidad. X 27.

7.. Mendez shale, Mexico, a. Front vie.w; b, apertural view. X 55. 

8, 9. Marssonella ellisorae Cushman (p. 44). Pecan Cap chalk, Falls County, Tex. (179). a, Front view; 6, apertural

view. X 38. 

10, .11. Dorolhia concinna (Reuss) Cushman (p. 44). Upper part of Taylor marl, Williamsorl Count}', Tex. (142). a. Front

view; b, side view; c, apertural view. X 22. 

.1.2-14. Dorothia conula (Reuss) Cushman (p. 44). Annona chalk, 6.95 miles east of Clarksville, Red River County, Tex".

(198). a. Front view; b, apertural view. X 42. 

15. Dorothia alexanderi Cushman (p. 45). Brownstown marl, Lamar County, Tex. (320). Holotype, a, front view;

/;, side view; c, apertural view. X 38.

16, 17. Dorolhia stephensoni Cushman (p. 45). Upper part of Taylor marl, Bexar County, Tex. (152). X 55. 

18, 19. Dorothia glabrella Cushman (p. 45).

18. Lower part of Taylor marl, Ellis County, Tex. (234). Holotype, a, front view; b, side view; c, apertural 

view. X 38,

19. Upper part of Taylor marl, Red River Count}', Tex. (106). a, Front view: b. apertural view. V 38. 

20. Dorothia pontoni Cushman (p. 46). Ripley formation, Pontotoc County, Miss. (90). a, Front view; b, side view;

c, apertural view. X 33.

21-26. Dorothia bullelta (Carsey) Plummer (p. 46). Corsicana marl, .Limestone" County, Tex. (30). 21, a, Front view; 

b, basal view. 22, a, Front view; 6, side view. 23, Vertical section. 24, a, Front view; 6, side view. X 58.

173
PLATE 13

FIGURES 1-4. Dorothia retusa (Cushman) Cushman (p. 46). (After Gush man and Jarvis.) Cretaceous, Trinidad, a, Front view;

b, apertural view. X 38. 

5. Dorothia glabrata Cushman (p. 46). Corsicana marl, Travis County, Tex. (34). Holotype, a, front view; b, side

view; c, apertural view. X 58. 

6-12. Plectina watersi Cushman (p. 47).

6. Corsicana marl, Navarro County, Tex. (26). Holotype, a, front view; b, side view; c, apertural view; d, 

basal view. X 25.

7. Navarro group, well samples near Richfield, Tex. a, Front view; 6, side view. X 45. 

8-10. Kemp clay, Guadalupe County, Tex. (21). a, Front view; b, side view; c, apertural view. X 25. 

11, 12. Arkadelphia marl, Hempstead County, Ark. (70). X 28.

13. Goesella rugulosa Cushman (p. 47). Arkadelphia marl, Hempstead County, Ark. (70). Holotype, a, front view; 

b, side view; c, apertural view; d, basal view showing arrangement of early chambers. X 30.

174
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPEH 208 PLATE 13

VALVULINIDAE.
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 206 PLATE 14

SILICIMDAE, MILIOLIDAE.
PLATE 14

FIGURES 1-3.

4-6. 

7.

8-11.

12, 13.

14, 15. 

16-18.

19-23.

24, 25. 

26, 27.

Rzehakina epigona (Rzehak) Cushman var. lata Cushman and Jarvis (p. 47).

1, 2. Cretaceous, Mexico, a, Front view; b, apertural view. X 55. . 3. (After Cushman and Jarvis.) Cretaceous, Trinidad. Holotype, a, front view; b, apertural view. X 30. 

Miliammina manitobensis Wickenden (p. 48). Cretaceous, Manitoba. Paratypes, a, b, opposite sides. X 68. 

Quinquelocidina moremani Cushman (p. 48). Eagle Ford shale, Texas. Holotype, a, b, opposite sides; c. apertural

view. X 68. 

Ouingueloculina antiqua Franke var. angusta Franke (p. 48).

8. Topotype specimen in Franke collection at Arnstadt, Germany, a, b, Opposite sides; c, peripheral view. 

X 30.

9. From Ripley formation on Dave Weeks place, Coon Creek, McNairy County, Tenn. (97). a, b, Opposite 

sides; c, apertural view. X 68.

10. Holotype of "Quinqueloculina coonensi's W. Berry," redrawn. .From Ripley formation on Dave Weeks 

place, Coon Creek, McNairy County, Tenn. (97). a, b, Opposite sides; c, apertural view. X 55.

11. Corsicana marl, San Marcos River, Caldwell County, Tex. (44). Internal casts, a, b, opposite sides; c,

apertural view. X 68. 

Quinqueloculina sp. (p. 48).

12. Velasco shale. Hacienda el Limon, Mexico, a, b, Opposite sides; c, apertural view. X 68.

13. Selma chalk (upper part), Bartons Bluff, Tombigbee River, Marengo County, Ala. (104). X 90. 

Massilina texasensis Cushman (p. 48). Kefnp clay, Travis County, Tex. (17). 14, Paratype. 15, Holotype.

a, Front view; b, apertural view. X 58. 

Massilina sp. (p. 49).

16. Corsicana marl, bluff on Onion Creek, Travis County, Tex. X 68.

17. 18. Basal part of Austin chalk, Dallas County, Tex. (339). X 68. 

Spiroloculina cretacea Reuss (p. 49).

19, 20. Lower part of Taylor marl, Ellis County, Tex. (231). a, Front view;

21--23. Lower part of Taylor marl, Ellis County, Tex. (233). a, Front view; 

Spiroloculina sp. (p. 4.9). Upper part of Taylor marl, Bexar County, Tex. (158).

b, apertural view. 

b, apertural view. 

X 55.

X 90. 

X 90.

Triloculina circularis Bornemann (p. 49). Ripley formation on Dave Weeks place, Coon Creek, McNairy County, 

Tenn. (97). 26, Holotype of "'Quinqueloculina wadei W. Berry," redrawn, a, b, Opposite sides; c, apertural 

view. X 68.

175
PLATE 15

FIGURES 1-3. Trochammina diagonis (Carsey) Cushman and Waters (p. 49).

1, 2. Corsicana marl, clay pit near Corsicana, Tex. a, Dorsal view; b, ventral view; c, peripheral view. X 38.

3. Corsicana marl, .upthrow side of fault, Mexia oil field, Mexia, Tex. a, Dorsal view; b, ventral view; c, peripheral view. X 64. 

4.5. Trochammina texana Cushman and Waters (p. 50).

4. Corsicana marl, clay pit near Corsicana, Tex. a, Dorsal view; b, ventral view-; c, peripheral view. X 38.

5. Corsicana marl, dug well at Tona School, near Quinlan, Tex. Holotype, a, dorsal view; b, ventral view; 

c, peripheral view. X 38. ' .

6. Trochammina gyroides Cushman and Waters (p. 50). Corsicana marl, east of Richland, Navarro County, Tex. 

Holotype, a, dorsal view; b, ventral view; c, peripheral view. X 64.

7. Trochammina albertensis Wickenden (p. 50). Bearpaw formation, Alberta. Paratype, a, dorsal view; b, ventral view;

c, peripheral view. X 90.

8, 10, 11. Trochammina globigeriniformis (Parker and Jones) Cushman (p. 51). (After Cushman and Jarvis.) "Upper Cretaceous, Trinidad, a, Dorsal view; b, peripheral view. X 30.

9. Trochammina ribstonensis Wickenden (p. 50). Lea Park formation, Imperial Ribstone well No. 1, 700-foot sample, 

Alberta. Paratype, a, dorsal view; b, ventral view; c, peripheral view. X 135.

12. Trochammina trinitatensis Cushman and Jarvis (p. 51). (After Cushman and Jarvis.) Cretaceous, Trinidad. 

Holotype, a, dorsal view; b, ventral view; c, peripheral view. X 38.

13. Trochammina taylorana Cushman (p. 51). Lower part of Tayloi marl, Ellis County, Tex. (233). Holotype, a, dorsal 

view; b, ventral view; c, peripheral view. X 90.

14. Trochammina sp. (p. 51). Ripley formation on Dave Weeks place, Coon Creek, McNairy County, Tenn. (97).

a, Dorsal view; b, peripheral view. X 55. 

15, 16. Polyphragma sp. (p. 51). Austin chalk, Texas, a, Side view; b, apertural view. X 23."

176 . ' ;
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 206 PLATE 15

TROCHAMMINIDAE, ORBITOLINIDAE.
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PBOFESSIONAL PAPER 206 PLATE 1C

LAGENIDAE.
PLATE 16

FIGURES 1-5. Robukts pondi Gush man (p. 52).

1. .Ripley formation, Henderson County, Tenn. (96). Holotype, a, side view; b, apertural view. X 30.

2. Neylandville marl, Rockwall County, Tex. (57). X 30.

3. 5. Upper part of Taylor marl, Milam County, Tex. (139). X 30.

4. Neylandville marl, Delta County, Tex. (52). X 30. 

6-8. Robidus navarroensis (Plummer) Gush man (p. 51).

6. Corsicana marl, Travis County, Tex. (39). X 30.

7. 8. Corsicana marl, Limestone County, Tex. (22). X 30. 

9, .1.0. Rohulus navarroensis (Plummer) Cushma'n var. extrualus Cushman (p. 52). Corsicana marl, Limestone County,

Tex. (30). 9. Holotype. X 27. 10. Paratype, a, side view; b, apertural view. X 18. 

11-14. Robulus spisso-costatus Cushman (p. 52). X 30.

11, 12, 14. Corsicana marl, Limestone County, Tex. (30). 11, Holotype. 12, 14. Paratypes. a, side view;

b, apertural view. X 30. 

13. Kemp clay, Williamson County, Tex. (11). X 30.

' 177
PLATE 17

FIGURE 1. Robulus spisso-coslatus Gush man (p. 52). Corsicaria marl, Limestone County, Tex. (30). Parat/ype. X 30.

2. Robulus navarroensis (Plummer) Cushman var. exlruatus Cushman (p. 52). Corsicana marl, Limestone County,

Tex. (30). Paratype. X 30. 

3-9. Robulus munsteri (Roemer) Cushman (p. 53).

3. 7. Ripley formation, Henderson County, Temv (96). 3, X 38. 7, X 30.

4. 8. Upper part of Taylor marl, Limestone County, Tex. (136). X 30.

5. 6. Gober tongue of Austin chalk, Lamar County, Tex. (288). 5,- X 38. 6, X 30. 

.9. Annona chalk at type locality, Texas (188a), a, Side view; b, apertural view. X 33. 

10. Robulus isidis (Schwager) Loetterle (p. 54). (After Loetterle.) Fort Hays limestone 4.7 miles east and 0.5 mile

north of St. James, Nebr. X 38. ' . . -. . 11-13. Robulus pseudo-secans Cushman (p. 53). Selma chalk (middle part), Hardin County, Tenn. 

12, 13, Paratypes. X 30.

14. Robulus macrodiscus (Reuss) Cushman and Jarvis (p. 54). 

a, Side view; b, apertural view. .X 33.

15. Robulus discrepans (Reuss)' Cushman and Jarvis (p. 54).

a, Side view; b, apertural view. X 33. ; . 

16, 17. Robulus oligoslegius (Reuss) Cushman and Jarvis (p. 54). 

a, Side view; b, apertural view. X 33.

178 - .. . .

(255). 11, Holotype. 

(After Cushman and Jarvis.) Cretaceous,Trinidad. 

(After Cushman and Jarvis.) Cretaceous, Trinidad. 

(After Cushman and Jarvis.) Cretaceous, Trinidad.
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 206 PLATE 17

LAGEMDAE.
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 206 PLATE 18

LAGENIDAE.
PLATE 18

FIOUUJS 1. Robulus sternalis (Berthelin) Cushman and Jarvis (p. 54). (After Cushiman and Jarvis.) Cretaceous, Trinidad.

a, Side view; b, apertural view. X 38. 

2, 3. Robulus williamsoni (Reuss) Cushman (p. 54).

2. White chalk, Antigua, British West Indies, a, Side view; b, apertural view. X 38.

3. (After Cushman and Jarvis.) Cretaceous, Trinidad, a, Side view- b, apertural view. X 38.

4. Robulus trinitatensis Cushman and Jarvis (p. 54) (After Cushman and Jarvis.) Cretaceous, Trinidad. Holotype. X 58. 

5, 6. Robulus cf. R. trinitatensis Cushman and Jarvis (p. 54). Arkadelphia clay, Hempstead County, Ark. (73). X 45. 

7, 8. Robulus subalatus (Reuss) Cushman and Jarvis (p. 55). (After Cushman and Jarvis.) Cretaceous, Trinidad.

a, Side view; b, apertural view. X 33. . Robulus alexanderi Sandidge (p. 55). (After Sandidge.) Bartons Bluff, Tombigbee River, Marengo County, Ala.

a, Side view; 6 apertural view. X 33. 

Robulus aldrichi Sandidge (p. 55). (After Sandidge.) Red Bluff, Alabama River, a, Side view; b, apertural view.

X 23.

11. Robulus sp. (p. 55). Ripley formation, Henderson County, Tenn. (96). X 27. 

12, 13. Robulus stephensoni Cushman (p. 55).

12. Ripley formation, Henderson County, Tenn. (96). Holotype, a, side view; b, apertural view. X 27.

13. Saratoga chalk at type locality, Arkansas, a, Side view; 6, apertural view. X 25.

14. Lenticulina jonesi Sandidge (p. 55). (After Sandidge.) Rocky Bluff, 1 mile above Prairie Bluff, Alabama River, Ala. 

a, Side view; b, apertural view. X 30.

15. Lenticulina kansasensis Morrow (p. 56). Fort Hays limestone, Kansas. Redrawn form holotype; a, side view; 

b, apertural view. X 38.

16. Lenticulina navicula (D'Orbigny) Cushman and Jarvis (p. 56). (After Cushman and Jarvis.) Cretaceous, Trinidad, a, Side view; b, apertural view. X 38.

17. Lenticulina nuda (Reuss) and Jarvis (p. 56). (After Cushman and Jarvis.) Cretaceous, Trinidad, a, Side view; 

b, apertural view. X 55.

18. Lenticulina siiblaevis Morrow (p. 56). Fort Hays limestone, Kansas. Redrawn from holotype; a, side view; b, apertural view. X 38.

19. Lenticulina rotulata Lamarck (p. 56). Annona chalk at type locality, Texas, a, Side view; 6 apertural view. X38.

20. Robulus taylorensis (Plummer) Cushman (p. 56). Lower part of Taylor marl, Fannin County, Tex. (203). a, 

Side view; b, apertural view. X 45.

179
PLATE 19

 FIGURES 1-7. Lenticulina <rolulata Lamarck (p. 56).

1. Neylandville marl, Delta County, Tex. (51). .X 30.

2. 3. Upper part of Taylor marl, Milam County, Tex. (139). X 30. 

4, 5. Upper part of Taylor marl, Lamar County, Tex. (111). X 30. 

6, 7. Gober tongue of Austin chalk, Lamar County, Tex. (288). X 30. 

8. Lenticulina velascoensis White (p. 57). (After White.) Velasco shale, Mexico, a, Side view; b, apertural view.

X 30. 

9, 10. Planularia advena Cushman and Jarvis (p. 57). (After Cushman and Jarvis.) Cretaceous, Trinidad, a, Side

view; b, peripheral view. X 15.

11-18. Planularia dissona (Plummer) Cushman (p. 57). Corsicana marl, Limestone County, Tex. (30). Series showing 

variation in ornamentation, relative length and1 amount of uncoiling, a, Side view; b, apertural view. X 38.

180 .
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 206 PLATE 19

LAGENIDAE.
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 206 PLATE 20

LAGENIDAE.
PLATE 20

FIGURE 1. Planularia elongata Ehrenberg (p. 57). (After Ehrenberg.)

2, 3. Planularia tricarinella (Reuss) Cushman (p. 57). . Pecan Gap chalk at type locality, Texas (167). a, Side view;

b, apertural view. X 55.

4. Planularia sp. A (p. 58). Neylandville marl, Navarro County, Tex. (63). X 38. 

5-1.0. Marginulina austinana Cushman (p. 59).

5-7, 9. Gober tongue of Austin chalk, Fannin County, Tex. (277). 5, Holotype. 6, 7, 9, Paratypes. X 18. 

8. Brownstown marl, Red River County, Tex. (318). X 18. 

10. Austin chalk, Collin County, Tex. (295). X 18. 

11-16. Marginulina austinana Cushman var. directa Cushman (p. 59).

.11. Austin chalk, Collin County, Tex. (324). Holotype. X 18. 

12-14. Lower part of Taylor marl, Bell County, Tex. (245). X 18.

15. Austin chalk, Collin County, Tex. (292). X 18.

16. Austin chalk, Collin County, Tex. (293) X 18. 

17. Marginulina austinana Cushman var. acescens Cushman (p. 59). Gober tongue of Austin chalk, Lamar Countv,

Tex. (288). Holotype. X 18. 

18-23. Marginulina inconstantia Cushman (p. 59).

18. Lower part of Taylor marl, Dallas County, Tex. (217). Holotype. X 38. 

19-23. Lower part of Taylor marl, Dallas County, Tex. (218). Paratypes. X 18. 

24. Marginulina juncea Cushman (p. 59). Lower part of Taylor marl, McLennan Countv, Tex. (241). Holotype.

X'38. 

25, 26. Marginulina stephensoni Cushman (p. 59). Lower part of Taylor marl, McLennan County, Tex. (242). 25,

Holotype. 26, Paratype. X 38. 

27, 28. Marginulina pseudomarcki Cushman (p. 60). Upper part of Tavlor marl, Travis Countv, Tex. (149). 27, Holotype.

28, Paratype. X 15. " " .

29-31. Marginulina dorsata Cushman (p. 60). Annona chalk, Red River County, Tex. (197). 29, Holotype. 30, 31, 

Paratypes. X 18.

. 181
FIGURE 1. Marginulina armata Reuss (p. 60). Upper part of Taylor marl, Travis County, Tex. (148). X 55.

2, 3. Marginulina munda Cushman (p. 60). Upper part of Taylor marl, Kaufman County, Tex. (127). 2, Holotype.

3, Paratype. X 38. 

4, 5. Marginulina cf. M. recta (D'Orbigny) Cushman (p. 60). Lower part of Taylor marl, Red River County, Tex.

(106). X 38.

6-10. Marginulina cf. M. elongata D'Orbigny (p. 60). Annona chalk, Red River County, Tex. (197). X 38. 

11-15. Marginulina taylorana Cushman (p. 61).

11. Upper part of Taylor marl, Hunt County, Tex. (115). Holotype. X 38. 

12-15. Upper part of Taylor marl, Red River County, Tex. (106). X 18. 

16-20. Marginulina cretacea Cushman (p. 61).

16. Upper part of Taylor marl, Guadalupe County, Tex. (151). Holotype. X 18.

17. Pecan Gap chalk member of Taylor marl, McLennan County, Tex. (177). X 18.

18. Annona chalk, Bowie County, Tex. (190). X 18.

19. Upper-part of Taylor marl, Collin County, Tex.. (121). X 18.

20. Upper part of Taylor marl, Travis County, Tex. (145). X-18. 

21-29. Marginulina texasensis Cushman (p. 61). . 

21-24. Pecan Gap chalk, member of Taylor marl, McLennan County, Tex. (177). 21, Holotype. 22-24

Paratypes. X 18. 

25, 26. Upper part of Taylor marl, Bexar County, Tex. (159). X 18.

27. Upper part of Taylor marl, Bexar County, Tex. (156). X 18.

28. Upper part of Taylor marl, Travis County, Tex. (149). X 18.

29. Upper part of Taylor marl, Williamson County,. Tex. (142). X 18. 

30, 31. Marginulina cf. M. tripleura (Reuss) Cushman (p. 61).

30. Lower part of Taylor marl, Ellis County, Tex. (233). X 18.

31. Upper part of Taylor marl, Bexar County, Tex. (161). X 18. 

32-37. Marginulina bullata Reuss (p. 62).

32. (After Cushman and Jarvis.) Cretaceous, Trinidad, a, Side view; b, apertural view. X 42.

33. 34. Upper part of Taylor marl, Collin County, Tex. (121). X 18.

35. Upper part of Taylor marl, Kaufman County, Tex. (129). X 18.

36. Ozan formation, Little River County, Ark. (254). X 18.

37. Upper part of Taylor marl, Red River County, Tex. (105). X 18.

38. Marginulina texasensis Cushman (p. 61). Saratoga chalk, Howard County, Ark. (79). a, Side view; b, apertural 

view. X 42.

39. Marginulina cretacea Cushman (p. 61). Annona chalk at type locality, Texas (188a). a, Side view; b, apertural 

view. X 42.

40. Marginulina texasensis Cushman (p. 61). .(After Cushman and Jarvis.) Cretaceous, Trinidad, a, Side view; b, 

front view. X 25.

41. Marginulina cf. M. decorata (Reuss) Cushman and Jarvis (p. 63). (After Cushman and Jarvis.) Cretaceous.

Trinidad. X 25. 

42-45. Marginulina silicula (Plumrner) Cushman (p. 62).

42. 45. Corsicana marl, Limestone County, Tex. (30). 42, X 12. 45, X 23. a, Side view; b, apertural view.

43. 44. Corsicana marl, Falls County, Tex. (32). X 18.

182
.GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 206 PLATE 21

LAGENIDAE.
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 208 PLATE 22

LAGENIDAE.
PLATE 22

FIGUHKS 1-5. Marginulina navarroana Cushman (p. 62).

1. 3. Prairie Bluff chalk, Sumter County, Ala. (102). 1, Holotype. 3, Paratype. X 18.

2. 4, 5. Prairie Bluff chalk, Sumter County, Ala. (101). X 18. 

6-1.0. Marginulina plummerae Cushman (p. 62).

6, 7, 9,10. Corsicana marl, Falls County,' Tex. (32). 6, Holotype. 7, 9, 10, Paratype. 6,7, X 18. 9, 

10, X 30.

8. Kemp clay, Travis County, Tex. (17). X 18. 

11-14 Marginulina curvatura Cushman. (p. 63).

11. Corsicana marl, Travis County, Tex. (36). Holotype. X 38.

12. Corsicana marl, Limestone County, Tex. (31). X 38.

13. 14. Corsicana marl, Limestone County, Tex. (30). a, Side view; b, apertural view. 13, X 38. 14, X 45. 

15, 16. Marginulina siliqua Cushman (p. 63). Kemp clay, Williamson County, Tex. (12). 15, Holotype. 16, Paratype.

X 38. 

17. Marginulina humilis (Reuss) Cushman and Church? (p. 63). (After Cushman and Jaryis.) Cretaceous, Trinidad.

X 30. 

18-20. Marginulina jarvisi Cushman (p. 63). Cretaceous, Trinidad, a, Side view; b, apertural view. X 42.

21. Marginulina trinitatensis Cushman. (p. 64). Cretaceous, Trinidad. Holotype, a, side view; b, apertural view. 

X 42.

22. Marginulina^ trilobala D'Orbigny (p. 64). (After Cushman and Jarvis.) Cretaceous, Trinidad, a, Side view; 

b, apertural view; X 20.

23. Marginulina sp. A (p. 64). Corsicana marl, Travis County, Tex. (41). X 38.

24. Marginulina sp. B (p. 64). Upper part of Taylor marl, Red River County, Tex. (106). X 38. 

25-27. Marginulina sp. C (p. 64). Upper part of Taylor marl, Bexar County, Tex. (160). X 38.

28. Dentalina involvens Cushman (p. 64). Austin chalk, Graysop County, Tex. (290). Holotype, a, side view; b, apertural view. X 38. 

29-33. Dentalina alternala (Jones) Plummer (p. 64).

29. Saratoga chalk, Howard County, Ark. (79). X 25.

30. 31. Upper part of Taylor marl, Kaufman County, Tex. (127). a, Side view; b, apertural view. X 38. . 

32, 33. Ripley formation, Henderson County, Tenn. (96). X 38.

183
PLATE 23

FIGURES 1, 2. Dentalina legumen Reuss (p. 65).

1. Ripley formation, Henderson County, Tenn. (96). X 35.

2. (After Cushman and Jarvis.) Cretaceous. Trinidad. X 42. 

3-6. Dentalina gracilis D'Orbigny (p. 65).

3. Prairie Bluff chalk," Chickasaw County, Miss. (84). X 60. «

4. Lower part of Taylor marl, Collin County, Tex. (209). X 60.

5. Brownstown marl, Red River County, Tex. (319). X 60.

6. Austin chalk, Grayspn County, Tex. (289). X 60. 

7-11. Dentalina lorneiana D'Orbigny (p. 66).

7. 11. Ripley formation, Henderson County, Tenn. (96). X 90. 

8-10. Ripley formation, McNairy County, Tenn. (95). X 90. 

12. Den'talina lorneiana D'Orbigny var. spirans Cushman (p. 66). Holotype. Ripley formation, McNairy County,

Tenn. (94). Holotype. X 90.

13,14. Dentalina reflexa Morrow, (p. 66). Niobrara chalk, Ellis County, Kans. Redrawn from original types. X 58. 

15-17. Dentalina fallax Franke (p. 66). Upper part of Taylor marl, Williamson County, Tex. (142). X 38. 

18-20. Dentalina basitorta Cushman (p. 66). Selma chalk (upper part), Union County, Miss. (92). X 38. 

21-23. Dentalina multicostata D'Orbigny (p. 67).

21, 22. Lower part of Taylor marl, Delta County, Tex. (206). X 38.

23. Upper part of Taylor marl, Lamar County, Tex. (110). X 38. 

24-26. Dentalina megalopolitana Reuss (p. 67). s.

24. Selma chalk (middle part), Hardin County, Tenn. (255). X 38.

25. Saratoga chalk, Howard County, Ark. (79). X 42. .

26. (After Cushman and Jarvis.) Cretaceous, Trinidad. X 20. 

27-32. Dentalina catemda Reuss (p. 67). Pecan Gap chalk member of Taylor marl, McLennan County, Tex. (177). X 38.

184 ' ' '.' 'VU.; - :' .. 
GEOLOOTCAL SURVEY PKOPESSIONAL PAPER 206 PLATE 23

LAGENIDAE.
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 206 PLATE 24

LAGENIDAE.
PLATE 24

Corsicana marl, Navarro County, Tex. (26). 1, Holotype. 2-6, ParaCorsicana marl, Limestone County Tex. (30). 7, Holotype. 8, ParaFIGUKES 1-6. Dentalina basiplanata Cushman (p. 68).

types. X 38. 

7, 8. Dentalina anguslicostata Cushman (p. 70).

type. X 60. 

9-12. Dentalina confluens Keuss (p. 68).

9. Saratoga chalk, Howard County, Ark. (79). X 42. 

10-12. (After Cushman and Jarvis.) Upper Cretaceous, Trinidad. X 20.

13-17, 22. Dentalina solvata Cushman (p. 69). Selma chalk (upper part), Prentiss County, Miss. (91). X 38. 

.1.8-21. Dentalina'perlinens Cushman (p. 70). Upper part of Taylor marl, Navarro County, Tex. (132). X 38. 

23-27. Dentalina cf. D. consobrina D'Orbigny (p. 69).

23-25. Ripley formation, McNairy County, Tenn. (94). X 75. 

26, 27. (After Cushman and Jarvis.) Cretaceous, Trinidad. X 27.

28. Ellipsonodosaria? jarvisi Cushman (p. 136). (After Cushman and Jarvis.) Cretaceous, Trinidad. X 50. 

29, 30. Dentalina crinita Plummer (p. 69). Corsicana marl, Limestone County, Tex. (30). X 38.

185
PLATE 25

FIGURES 1-6. Dentalina delicatula Cr.shm.an (p. 70). Corsicana marl. Travis County, Tex. (35). 1,' Holotype, X 60. '2-6,

Paratypes. X 38.

7. Dentalina sp. (p. 70). (After Cushman and Jarvis.) Cretaceous, Trinidad, a, Side view; b, apertural view. X 60. 

8-23. Nodosaria affinis Reuss (p. 70).

8-12. Ripley formation, Henderson Countv, Tenn. (96). 9, Extreme megalospheric form. 12, Extreme

 microspheric form. 8-11, X 38. 12, X 30. 

13-16, 22. Corsicana marl, Limestone County, Tex. (30). X 25.

17. Upper part of Taylor marl, Kaufman County, Tex. (127). X 38.

18. 20, 21. Saratoga chalk, Howard County, Ark. (79). 18, Extreme megalospheric form. X 25.

19. White chalk, Antigua/British West Indies. X 38. 

23. (After Cushman and Jarvis.) Cretaceous, Trinidad. X 20. 

186 - - . ;
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 206 PLATE 25

LAGENIDAE.
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPEB 206 PLATE 26

LAGENIDAE.
PLATE 26

iss 1, 2. Nodosaria distans Reuss (p. 7.1). Gober tongue of Austin chalk, Fannin Count}', Tex. (277). X 38. 

3, 4. Nodosaria allernistriala Morrow (p. 71).

3. Ellis County, Ivans. Holotype, redrawn. X 75.

4. Selma chalk (lower part), Lee County, Miss. (350). X 60.

5. Nodosaria fusula Reuss (p. 71). Lower part of Taylor marl, Collin County, Tex. (211). X 150.

6. Nodosaria aspera Reuss (p. 72). (After Cushman and Jarvis.) Cretaceous, Trinidad. X 30. 

7-10. Nodosaria yracilitatis Cushman (p. 72). Lower part of Taylor marl, Delta County, Tex. (206). 7, Holotype. 8-10,

Paratypes. X 38.

11. Nodosaria naumanni Reuss (p. 72). Lower part of Taylor marl, Ellis County, Tex. (234). X 68. 

12, 13. Nodosaria proboscidea Reuss (p. 72). ,

12. Upper part of Taylor marl, Bexar County, Tex. (161). X 68.

13. Selma chalk (middle part). Prentiss County, Miss. (260). X 68.

14. Nodosaria ampkioxys Reuss (p. 72). Selma chalk (middle part), Prentiss County, Miss. (261). X 110. 

15, 16. Nodosaria obscura Reuss (p. 73). Ripley formation, Henderson County, Tenn. (96). 15, " X 38. 16, .X 68. 

17, 18. Dentaiina aculeala D'Orbigny (p. 67).

17. Annona chalk at type locality, Texas (188a). X 48.

18. (After Cushman and Jarvis.) Cretaceous, Trinidad. X 30. 

19-22. Nodosaria corsicanana Cushman (p. 73).

19-21. Corsicana marl, Limestone County, Tex. (30). X 23. 

22. Corsicana marl, Navarro County, Tex-. (25). X 23. 

23, 24. Nodosarianavarroana Cushman (p. 73). Corsicana marl, Navarro County, Tex. (26). a, Side view; b, apertural view;

23, X 110. 24, X 55. 

25, 26. Nodosaria limonensis Cushman. (p. 74). Pecan Gap chalk member of Taylor marl, McLennan County, Tex. (177).

X 27. . '..- '

27 30. Nodosaria velascoensis Cushman (p. 73). (After Cushman and Jarvis.). Cretaceous, Trinidad. 27,30, X 30. 

28, 29, X 15. . ' '

' ' ° . 187
PLATE 27

FIGURES 1, 2. 

3, 4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10-12. 

13.

14, 15. 

16-19. 

20-26.

27, 28. 

29.

30-32. 

33, 34.

35.

36.

37.

38.

Nodosaria limbata D'Orbigny (p. 74). (After Cushman and Jarvis.) Cretaceous, Trinidad. .1, X 42. 2, X 60.

Nodosaria limbata D'Orbigny var. basiornata Cushman and Jarvis (p. 74). (After Cushman and Jarvis.) Cretaceous, Trinidad. X 20.

Nodosaria limbata D'Orbigny var. tumidata Cushman and Jarvis (p. 74). (After Cushman and Jarvis.) Cretaceous, Trinidad. X 20.

Nodosaria brevitesta Franke (p. 74). (After Cushman and Jarvis.) Cretaceous, Trinidad. X 60.

Nodosaria cf. N. marcki Reuss (p. 74). (After Cushman and Jarvis.) Cretaceous, Trinidad. X 60.

Nodosaria orthopleura Reuss (p. 74). (After Cushman and Jarvis.) Cretaceous, Trinidad. X 20.

Nodosaria monile Hagenow (p. 75). (After Cushman and Jarvis.) Cretaceous, Trinidad.

Nodosaria paupercula Reuss (p. 75). (After Cushman and Jarvis.) Cretaceous, Trinidad.

Chrysalogonium cretaceum Cushman and Church (p. 75). (After Cushman and Jarvis.) 

a, Side view; b, apertural view. X30.

Lower part of Taylor marl, Lamar County, Tex. (200).

X 20. 

X 20. 

Cretaceous, Trinidad.

15, Holotype. 

Pecan Gap chalk member, of Taylor marl, McLennan County, Tex.

Chrysolagonium texanum Cushman (p. 75).

14, Paratype. X 45. 

Chrysalogonium eximium Cushman (p. 75).

(177). X 38. 

Pseudoglandulina manifesto (Reuss) Cushman (p.-76).

20. Corsicana marl, Limestone County, Tex. (30). X 35. 

21-25. Corsicana marl, Caldwell County, Tex. (44). X 35. 

26. Ripley formation, Henderson County, Tenn. (96). X 35.

Pseudoglandulina pygmaea (Reuss) Cushman (p. 76).- Arkadelphia marl, Hempstead County, Ark. (73). X 45. 

Pseudoglandulina lagenoides (Olszewski) Cushman (p. 76). Ripley formation, Henderson County, Tenn. (96).

X 115. 

Pseudoglandulina bistegia (Olszewski) Cushman and Jarvis (p. 76).

taceous, Trinidad. 30, 31, X 25. 32, X 42. 

Pseudoqlandulina cylindracea (Reuss) Cushman and Jarvis (p. 76).

Trinidad. 33, X 30. 34, X 20. 

Pseudoglandulina parallela (Marsson) Cushman and Jarvis (p. 77).

Trinidad. X 42.

Pseudoglandulina sp. (p. 77). (After Cushman and Jarvis.) Cretaceous, Trinidad. X 42. 

Lingulina taylorana Cushman (p. 77). Lower part of Taylor marl. Lamar County, Tex. (202) X 150. 

Lingulina pygmaea Reuss (p. 77). Wolfe City sand member of the Taylor marl, Navarro County, Tex. (188). X 45.

188

(After Cushman and Jarvis.) 

(After Cushman and Jarvis.)

Upper CreCretaceous,

(After Cushman and Jarvis.) Cretaceous,
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PKOPESSIONAL PAPER 206 PLATE 27

LAGENIDAE,
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PKOPESSIONAL PAPEK 206 PLATE 28

LAGENIDAE.
PLATE 28

FIGUKISS 1-3. Saracenaria triangularis (D'Orbigny) Cushman and Church (p. 58).

1. Lower part of Taylor marl, Fannin County, Tex. (203). a, Side view; b, apertural view. X 55.

2. 3. Gober tongue of Austin chalk, Fannin County, Tex..(280). X 38. 

4-6. Saracenaria saratogana Howe and Wallace (p. 58).

4. Corsicana marl, Bexar County, Tex. (46). X 38.

5. 6. Saratoga chalk, Howard County, Ark. (79). 5, a, side view; 5, 6, apertural view; 6«, side view; (>/>, nd

view. X 23. 

7-22. Vaginulina texana Cushman (p. 77).

7, 8, 18. Gober tongue of Austin chalk, Lamar County, Tex. (282). 7, 8, X 18. 18, X 23.

9, 10. Brownstown marl, Sevier County, Ark. (347). X 23.

11-14. Gober tongue of Austin chalk, Lamar County, Tex. (288). 11, 12, X 23. 13, 14, X 18.

15-17. Brownstown marl, Sevier County, Ark. (348). X 18.

19-22. Austin chalk, Hill County, Tex. (314). X 23.

23. Vaginulina recta Reuss (p. 78). Gober tongue of Austin chalk, Lamar County, Tex. (282). X 15.

24. Vaginulina subcomarginata Morrow (p. 78). Niobrara chalk Ellis County, Kans. Redrawn from holotype. X 60.

25. Vaginulina knighli Morrow (p. 78). Niobrara chalk, Ellis County, Kans. Redrawn from holotype. X 60.

26. Vaginulina reclilateralis Morrow (p. 78). Niobrara chalk, Ellis County, Kans. Redrawn from holotype. X 60. 

. 27. Vaginulina niobrarensis Morrow (p. 78). Niobrara chalk, Ellis County, Kans. Redrawn from holotype; a, side

view; b, apertural view. X 12.

28, 29. Vaginulina laylorana Cushman (p. 81). Upper part of Taylor marl, Williamson County, Tex. (142). a, Side view; 

b, apertural view. X 25.

. 189 -
PLATE 29

FIGURES 1-6. Vaginulina wadei Kelley (p. 79).

1. Ripley formation, McNairy County, Tenn. (97). Holotype redrawn. X 38.

2. Lower part of Taylor marl, Collin County, Tex. (207). X 38.

3. Ripley formation, Henderson County, Tenn. (96). a, Side view; b, peripheral view. X 38.

4. 5. Wolfe City sand member of Taylor marl. Hunt County, Tex. (186). X 23.

6. Selma chalk (upper part), McNairy County, Tenn. (98). X 33.

Vaginulina selmaensis Cushman (p. 79). Ripley formation, McNairy County, Tenn. (94). 7, Holotype. 8, Paratype. X 75. 

Vaginulina multicostata Cushman (p. 79).

9. Prairie Bluff chalk, Wilcox County, Ala. (100). Holotype. X 20.

10. Corsicana marl, Travis County, Tex. (35). X 30.

11. Corsicana marl, Navarro County, Tex. (27). X 38.

12. 15, 16. Ripley formation, Henderson County, Tenn. (96). a, Side view; b, peripheral view. 12, X 38. 

15, 16, X 55.

13. Saratoga chalk, Howard County, Ark. (79). X 25.

14. Pecan Gap chalk member of Taylor marl, Falls County, Tex. (178). X 25 

17-22. Vaginulina navarroana Cushman (p. 80).

17, 18, 21. Corsicana marl, Navarro County, Tex. (27). 17, Holotype. 18, 21, Paratypes. X 55. 

19, 20. Nacatoch sand, White County, Ark. (76). X 68.

22. Corsicana marl, Limestone County, Tex. (30). X 55. 

23-25. Vaginulina simondsi Carsey (p. 80).

23. 24. Corsicana marl, Navarro County, Tex. (27). 23, Specimen starting with two prolocula, then fused.

24. Specimen with frondicularian final chamber. X 25.

25. Corsicana marl, Bexar County, Tex. (46). X 38.
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPIJR 206 PLATE 29

LAGENIDAE.
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 206 PLATE 30

LAGENIDAE.
PLATE 30

FICUHKS 1-3. Vaginulina suhiralis Cushman (p. 81). Nacatoch sand, Clark Count}', Ark. (74). X 27.

4. Vaginulina subgracilis Cushman (p. 81). Ripley formation, Henderson County, Tenn. (96). Holotype. X 45. 

5-10. Vaginulina webbervillensis Carsey (p. 81).

5, 10. Corsicana marl, Limestone County, Tex. (30). a, Side view; b, end view. 5, X 20. 10, X 25. 

6-8. Prairie Bluff chalk, Chickasaw County, Miss. (87). o, Side view; 6, peripheral view. X 28: 

9. Corsicana marl, Navarro County, Tex. (27). X 25. 

11-14. Vaginulina cretacea Plummer (p. 80).

11-1.3. Corsicana marl, Limestone County, Tex. (30). X 25.

14. Corsicana marl, Navarro County, Tex. (26). a, Side view;'6, end view. X 25.

, . . . 191
PLATE 31

FIGURES 1-6.

7, 8. 

9-17.

18-20. 

192

Palmula reticulata (Reuss) Cushman (p. 84).

1-5. Corsicana marl, Limestone County, 'Tex. (30). 1, Early stages, 

.-6. Corsicana marl, Navarro County, Tex. (27). X 33. 

Palmula semireticulata (Cushman and Jarvis) Cushman (p. 85). (After Cushman and Jarvis.)

idad. X 55. - Palmula rugosa (D'Orbigny) Cushman (p. 83).

9, 10: Neylandville marl, Red River County, Tex. (50). X 38. 

 11, 12, 17. Upper part of Taylor marl, Limestone County, Tex. (135). 

13, 14. "Craie blanche," Bougival, France. Topotypes. X 33.

15. Saratoga chalk, Howard Countv, Ark. (79). X 42.

16. Upper part of Taylor marl, Collin County, Tex. (118). X 38. 

Palmula jarvisi (Cushman) Cushman (p. 85). Cretaceous, Trinidad. X 38.

X 55. 2, X 20. 3-5, X 33.

Cretaceous, Trin11, 12, X 38. 17, X 20.
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROPESSIONAL PAPER 206 PLATE 31

LAGENJDAE.
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 206 PLATE 32

LAGENIDAE.
PLATE 32

1, 2. Palmula primiliva Cushman (p. 84).

1. Pecan Gap chalk member of Taylor marl, McLennan Count}7 , Tex. (177). Holotype. X 30.

2. Upper part of Taylor marl, Kaufman County, Tex. (131). X 30. 

3-14. Palmula sut-uralis (Cushman) Loetterle (p. 82).

3-5. Austin chalk, Hill County, Tex. (313). X 23.

6-9. Upper part of Taylor marl, Limestone County, Tex. (135). X 25.

10. Pecan Cap chalk member of Taylor marl, Falls County, Tex. (178). X 20.

11. White chalk, Antigua, British West Indies. X 45.

12,13. Upper part of Taylor marl from well samples, Texas. X 23.

14. Gober tongue of Austin chalk, Lamar County, Tex. (288). X 23. 

15, 16. Palmula cushmani (Morrow) Cushman (p. 82).

15. Niobrara chalk, Ellis County, Kans. Holotvpe, redrawn. X 23.

16. Lower part of Austin chalk,' Collin County, Tex. (337). X 25.

17. Palmula elliptical (Nilsson) Brotzen (p. 85). (After Cushman and Jarvis.) Cretaceous, Trinidad. X 15. 

18-21. Palmula pilulata Cushman (p. 84). Bonham marl, Lamar County, Tex. (327). 19, Holotype. 18, 20, 21, Paratypes. X 18.

193
PLATE 33

FIGURES 1 4.- Frondicularia lanceola Reuss (p. 85).

- 1. Lower part of Taylor marl, Collin County, Tex. (209). X 33.

2. 4. Pecan Gap chalk member of Taylor marl, Falls County, Tex. (178). X 33.

3. Pecan Gap chalk member of Taylor marl, McLennan County, Tex. (177). X 33. 

5-8. Frondicularia lanceola Reuss var. bidentata Cushman (p. 85). 

5. Austin chalk, Dallas County, Tex. (311). X 20. 

6-8. Gober tongue of Austin chalk, Lamar County, Tex. (211). X 20. 

9-10. Frondicularia austinana Cushman (p. 86).

9. Gober tongue of Austin chalk, Lamar County, Tex. (282). X 30.

10. Austin chalk, Bell County, Tex. (316). X 30. 

11-18. Frondicularia .inversa Reuss (p. 86).

11. 12.-Ripley formation, Henderson County, Tenn. (96). a, Front view; b, peripheral view. 11, X 38;

12 X 30 o 13-15. Arkadelphia marl, Clark County, Ark. (74). X 23.

16. 18. Austin chalk, Bell County, Tex. (316). - X 23.

17. Austin chalk, Bell County, Tex. (315). X 23.

194
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 206 PLATE 33

LAGENIDAE.
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 206 PLATE 34

LAGENIDAE.
PLATE 34

FIGUUKS 1, 2. Frondicularia duribari Morrow (p. 86). Basal Niobrara chalk, Ellis County, Kans. Redrawn from types. 1,

Hototype. 2, Paratype. X 58. 

3, 4. Frondicularia extensa Morrow (p. 86).

 3. Basal Niobrara chalk, Ellis County, Kans. Holotype redrawn. X 58.

4. Brownstown marl, Lamar County, Tex. (321). X 27. 

5-8. Frondicularia aclis Morrow (p. 87). -

5. Basal Niobrara chalk, Ellis County, Kans. Redrawn from holotype. X 58.

6. Austin chalk, Dallas County, Tex. (310). X 27.

7. 8. Brownstown marl, Sevier County, Ark. (348). X 27. 

9-13. Frondicularia undulosa Cushman (p. 87).

9-11. Austin chalk, Dallas County, Tex. (311). X 30. 

12. Cober tongue of Austin chalk, Lamar County, Tex. (288). X 30.

13. Austin chalk, 6)4 miles east by north of Alien, Collin County, Tex. X 30.. 

14-17. Frondicularia mucronata Reuss (p. 87).

14. 16, 17. Upper part of Taylor marl, Limestone County, Tex. (136). X 30.

15. Gober tongue of Austin chalk, Lamar County, Tex. (282). X 30. 

18-20. Frondicularia goldfussi Reuss (p. 87).

18. Pecan Gap chalk member of Taylor marl, Falls County, Tex. (178). X 16.

19. Upper part of Taylor marl, Limestone County, Tex. (135). X 27.

20. Annona chalk at type locality, Texas (188a). X 33.

195
FIGURES 1, 2. 

3-7.

8-10.

11-13.

14-16.

196

Frondicularia goldfussi Reuss (p. 87). Upper part of Taylor marl, Bexar County, Tex. (158). X 23. 

Frondicularia cordata- Roemer (p. 88,).

- 3. Pecan Gap chalk member of Taylor marl, Falls County, Tex. (179). X 23.' 

4, 5. Taylor marl, well samples, Bastrop County, Tex. X 23.

6. Annona ehalk, Red River County, Tex. (198). X 23.

7.-Austin chalk, Bell County, Tex. (316). X 23. 

Frondicularia linearis Franke (p. 88).

8. 10. Annona chalk. Red River County, Tex: (193). X 30.

9. Lower part of Taylor marl, 6.1 miles east, of McKinney, Collin County, Tex. (210). X 30. 

Frondicularia intermiltens Reuss (p. 88).

11. Pecan Gap chalk member-of Taylor marl, Falls County, Tex. (179). X 30.

12. 13. Upper part of Taylor marl, Bexar County, Tex. (158). X 30. 

Frondicularia frankei Cushman (p. 89). . -

14. Ripley formation, McNairy County, Tenn.- (95). a, Front view; b, peripheral view. X 33.

15. 16. Lower part of Taylor marl, Bell County, Tex. (245). X 23.
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 206 PLATE 35

LAGENIDAE.
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 206 PLATE 36

LAGENIDAE.
PLATE 36

FIGURE L Frondicularia frankei Cushman (p. 89). Pecan Gap chalk member of Taylor marl, Falls County, Tex. (178). X 15. 

2. Frondicularia microdisca. Reuss (p. 90). Pecan Gap chalk member of Taylor marl, Falls Count}', Tex. (178). X 20. 

3-7. Frondicularia cuspidata Cushman (p. 89).

3, 4. Ripley formation, McNairy County, Term. (94). 3, Holotype. a, Front view; 6, peripheral view. X 75.

5. Pecan Gap chalk member of Taylor marl, McLennan County, Tex. (177). X 38.

6. 7. Upper part of Taylor marl, Red River County, Tex. (106). X 30. 

8.. Frondicularia cus-pidata Cushhian var. costifera Cushman (p. 89). Upper part of Taylor marl, Lamar Count}', Tex.

(1.1.0). Holotype. X 30. 

9-11. Frondicularia linguiformis Marsson (p. 89).

9, 10. An norm chalk, Red River Countv, Tex. (196). X 23.

11. Annona chalk, Red River County, Tex. (197). X 23. 

12-15. Frondicularia verneuiliana D'Orbigny (p. 90).

12. 13. Pecan Gap chalk member of Taylor marl, Falls County, Tex. (178). X 20.

14. Corsicana marl, Limestone County, Tex. (30). X 38.

15. Selma chalk (upper part), Prentiss County, Miss. (91). X 30. 

16-19. Frondicularia verneuiliana D'Orbigny var. fossata Cushman (p. 90).

16. 17. Gober tongue of Austin chalk, Lamar County, Tex. (288). X 18. 

18,19. Upper part of Taylor marl, Limestone County, Tex. (136). X 27.

197
PLATE 37 '

FIGURES 1-4. Frondicularia striatula Reuss (p. 90).

1, 2. Upper part of Taylor marl, Lamar County, Tex. (110). Young specimens. X 30. 

3. Upper part of Taylor marl, Red River County, Tex. (108). X 23. 

. 4. Gober tongue of Austin chalk, Lamar County, Tex.. (282). X 23.

5. Frondicularia glabrans Cushman (p. 91). Ripley formation, Henderson County, Tenn. (96). Holotype, a, front

view; b, peripheral view. X 38. 

6, 7. Frondicularia water si Cushman (p. 91).

6. Pecan Gap chalk member of Taylor marl, McLennan County,"Tex. (177). Holotype. X"30. 

 7. Upper part of Taylor marl, Bexar County, Tex. (152). X 30.. 

8-20. Frondicularia archiaciana D'Orbigny (p. 91).

8. 14, 16, 17. Pecan Gap chalk member of .Taylor marl, Falls County, Tex. (178). 8, X 16; 14, X 20; 16, 

17, X 28.

9. 10. Corsicana marl, Limestone County, Tex. (30). X 25.

"11. Ripley formation, McNairy County, Tenn. (94). a. Front view; b, peripheral view. X 38.

12,13. Marlbrook marl, Little River County, Ark. (254). X 20. 

15. Annona chalk, Red River County, Tex. (198). X 38.

18." 20. Upper part of Taylor marl, Collin County/Tex. (118). 18, X 38; 20, X 30.

19. Lower part of Taylor marl, Travis County, Tex. (250). X 38.

21, 22. Frondicularia arkadelphiana Cushman (p. 91). Arkadelphia marl? 5}^ miles northeast of Hope, Hempstead County 

Ark. 21, Holotype. 22, Paratype. X 30.

.198
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 206 PLATE 37

LAGENIDAE.
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 206 PLATE

LAGENIDAE.
PLATE 38 .

FIGURES 1-5. Frondicularia clarki Bagg (p. 92).

1, 2, 3, 5. Corsicana marl, Limestone County, Tex. (30). 1, 2, X 20. 3, 5, X 30. 

4. Corsicana marl, Navarro County, Tex. (26). X 30.

6. Frondicularia dimidia Bagg (p. 92). Neylandville marl, Hunt County, Tex. (55). X 30.

7. Frondicularia jarvisi Cushman (p. 92). (After Cushman and Jarvis.) Cretaceous, Trinidad. X 38.

8. Frondicularia sp. (p. 92). (After Cushman and Jarvis) Cretaceous, Trinidad. X 38.

9. Kyphopyxa cushmani Albritton and Phleger (p. 93). (After Albritton and Phleger.) Lower part'of Taylor marl,

Ellis County, Tex. (230). Holotype. X 33. 

10, 11. Kyphopyxa undulata Loetterle (p. 93). (After Loetterle.) Fort Hays limestone, 4.7 miles east and 0.5 mile north of

'St. James, Nebr. X 25. 

12-17. Kyphopyxa christneri (Carsey) Cushman (p. 92).

12-14. Annona chalk at type locality. Texas (188a). X 27.

15. Austin chalk, Hill County, Tex. (313). X 23.

16. Upper part of Taylor marl, Limestone County, Tex. (136). X 30.

17. Cober tongue of Austin chalk, Farm in County, Tex. (278). X 30. .

199
FIG UKES 1-12. Kyphopyxa christneri (Carsey) Cushman (p. 92).

1, 2. Brownstown marl, Red River County, Tex. (319). X 30.

3. Gober tongue of Austin chalk, Lamar County, Tex. (284). X 30.

4.. 5. Upper part of Austin chalk, Public road 6.5 miles east by north of Alien, Collin County, Tex. (295a). X 30. 

6, 7. Austin chalk, Dallas County, Tex. (306). X 30. 

8, 9. Selma chalk (lower part), Lee County, Miss. (350). X 30. 

10, 11. Lower part of Taylor marl, Travis County, Tex. (249). X 30. 

12. (After Cushman and Hedberg.) Colon shale, Venezuela. X 45.

13. Lagena hispida Reuss (p. 93). Ripley formation, Henderson County, Tenn. (96). X 75. 

14, 15. Lagena acuticosta Reuss (p. 94).

14. Annona chalk at type locality, Texas (188a). X 120.

15. Saratoga chalk, Howard County, Ark. (79). X 75.

.16. 'Lagena hexagona (Williamson) Siddall (p. 95). Ripley formation; McNairy County, Tenn. (95). X 75. 

17. Lagena plumigera H. B. Brady (p. 95). Selma chalk (upper part), McNairy County, Tenn. (98). X 120. 

18-21. Lagena sulcata (Walker and Jacob) Parker and Jones var. semiinterrupta W. Berry (p. 94).

18-20. Ripley formation, Henderson County, Tenn. (96). a, Front views; b, apertural views. 18, 19, X 110.

20, X 48. 

21. Ripley formation, McNairy County, Tenn. (97). Holotype of variety, redrawn. X 75.

22. Lagena substriata Williamson (p. 95). Ripley formation, McNairy County, Tenn. (94). X 68.

23. Lagena apiculata Reuss (p. 94). Upper part of Taylor marl, Hunt County, Tex. (115). X 90.

24. Lagena lineata (Williamson) Reuss (p. 95). Ripley formation, McNairy County, Tenn. (94). X 120.

25. Lagena semilineata J. Wright (p. 95). Upper part of Taylor marl, Red River County, Tex. (105). X 68.

26. Lagena cf. L. globosa Montagu (p. 95). Lower part of Taylor marl, Williamson County, Tex. (246). X 68.

200
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 206 PLATE

LAGENIDAE.
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PHOFESSIONAL PAPER 206 PLATE 40

LAGENIDAE, POLYMORPHINIDAE.
PLATE 40

FIGURE 1. Lagena laevigata Reuss (p. 95). Selma chalk (upper part), McNairy County, Tenn. (98). a, Front view; b, apertural

view. X 120. 

.2. Lagena alveolata H. B. Brady (p. 95). Selma chalk (upper part), McNairy County, Tenn. (98). a, Front view;

6, apertural view. X 120.

3. Lagena vulgaris Williamson (p. 95). Saratoga chalk, Howard County, Ark. (79). X 42. 

4, 5. Lagena amphora Reuss var. paucicosta Franke (p. 94).

4. Lower part of Taylor marl, Lamar County, Tex. (202). X 90. 

« 5. Upper part of Taylor marl, Williamson County, Tex. (140). X 90. 

6, 7. Gultulina trigonula (Reuss) Cushman and Ozawa (p. 95). Ripley formation, McNairy County, Tenn. (94). a. '».

Opposite sides; c, apertural view. X 75. 

8-10. Gutlulina adhaerens (Olszewski) Cushman and Ozawa (p. 96).

8. (After Cushman and Jarvis.) Cretaceous, Trinidad, a, Front view; b, apertural view. X 42.

9. 10. Ripley formation, McNairy County, Tenn. (94). a, b, Opposite sides; c, apertural view. X 75. 

11, 12. Globulina lacrima Reuss (p. 96).

11. Selma chalk (middle part), Hardin County, Tenn. (255). a, b, Opposite sides; c, apertural view. X 90.

12. Annona chalk at type locality, Texas (188a). X 55. . 13.' Globulina lacrima Reuss var. subsphaerica (Berthelin) Cushman and Ozawa (p. 96). Ripley formation, McNairy 

County, Tenn. (94). a, 6, Opposite sides; c, apertural view. X 120.

14. Globulina lacrima Reuss var. horrida Reuss (p. 97). Annona chalk at type locality, Texas (188a). X 45. 

15-17. Globulina prisca Reuss (p. 97).

15. Selma chalk (upper part). Union County, Miss. (92). Normal form. X 60.

16. Annona chalk at type locality, Texas (188a). Fistulose form. X 48.

17. Prairie Bluff chalk, Sumter County, Ala. (101). Fistulose form. X 60. 

18, 19. Pyrulina cylindroides (Roemer) Cushman and Ozawa (p. 97).

18. Ripley formation, McNairy County, Tenn. (94). a, b, Opposite sides; c, apertural view. X 75.

19. Ripley formation, Henderson County, Tenn. (96). a, b, Opposite sides. X 75.

20. Pyrulina velascoensis (Cushman) Cushman and Ozawa (p. 97). Velasco shale, Mexico. Holotype, a, front view; b, 

side view. X 60.

21. Pseiidopolymorphina digitata (D'Orbigny) Cushman and Ozawa (p. 98). Cretaceous greensand of Navarro age, 

Georges Bank, Atlantic Ocean. X 38. 

201

046954 46-
PLATE 41

FIGURE 1. Pseudopolymorphina incerta (Egger) Cushman and Ozawa (p. 97). Ripley formation, McNairy County, Tenn. (94)

a, b, Opposite sides; c, apeitural view. X 75.

2-10. Pseudopolymorphina cuyleri Plummer (p. 98). Corsicana mail, Limestone County, Tex. (30). Series showing 

various stages in development and variations in shape in the adult; a, front view; b, apertural view. 2-9, X 25. 

10, X 15.

11. Pseudopolymorphina ozawana Cushman and Jarvis (p. 98). (After Cushman and Jarvis.) Cretaceous, Trinidad. 

Holotype, a, front view; b, apertural view. X 23.

12. Pseudopolymorphina mendezensis (White) Cushman and Ozawa (p. 98). (After White.) Velasco shale, Mexico. 

X 30.

13. Sigmomorphina semitecta (Reuss) Cushman and Ozawa var. terquemiana (Fornasini) Cushman and Ozawa (p. 98). 

Ripley formation, McNairy County, Tenn. (94). a, b, Opposite sides; c, apertural view. X 75.

202 .
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 206 PLATE 41

POLYMORPHINIDAE.
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 206 PLATE 42

POLYMORPHINIDAE.
PLATE 42

FIGUHBS 1-4. Buliopora laevis (Sollas) Wickenden (p. 98).

1. Corsicana marl, Limestone Countv, Tex. (30). Attached to Vaginulina webbervillensis Carsey. X 30.

2. Upper part of Taylor marl, Bexar County, Tex. (161). X 30.

3. Upper part of Taylor marl, Bexar County, Tex. (158). X 30.

4. Brownstown marl, Lamar County, Tex. (321). X 23. 

 5-7. Buliopora tiiberculata (Sollas) Cushman (p. 99).

"5. Upper part of Taylor marl, Travis County, Tex. ((147). Showing complete development. X 23. 

6. Upper part of Taylor marl, Bexar Cbunty, Tex.. (162). X 30. 

7; Upper part of Taylor marl, Bexar Cbunty, Tex. (159). X 30.

 ' 203
PLATE 43

Corsicana marl, Limestone County, Tex. (31;. 1, Holotype. 2, Paratype. 

Arkadelphia marl, Hempstead County, Ark. (70). 3, Holotype. 4-8,

FIGURES 1, 2. Ramulina navarroana Cushman (p. 99).

X 30.

3-8. Ramulina arkadelphiana Cushman (p. 99). 

Paratypes. X 30.

9. Ramulina ornata Cushman (p. 99). (After Cushman and Jarvis.) Cretaceous, Trinidad. Holotype. X 30.

10. Ramulina globo-tubulosa Cushman (p. 100). Ripley formation, Henderson County, Tenn. (96). Holotype. X 75 

11-16. Ramulina aculeata (D'Orbigny) Wright (p. 100). 

11, 12. Mendez shale, Mexico. -X 38.

13-16.' Pecan Gap chalk member of Taylormarl, McLennan County, Tex. (177). X 30. 

17. Nonion jarvisi Thalmann (p. 100). Cretaceous, Trinidad. (After Cushman and Jarvis.) Holotype; a, side view:

b. peripheral view. X 38. 

18-20. Nonionella austinana Cushman (p. 100). o, b, Opposite sides; c, peripheral view.

18. Austin chalk, Collin County, Tex. (292). Holotype. X 90.

19. Taylor marl, Travis County, Tex. (145). X 90. -

20. Austin chalk, Grayson County, Tex. (335). X 90. 

21-23. Nonionella robusta Plummer (p. 100). Corsicana marl, Navarro County, Tex. (26). a, b, Opposite sides; c, peripheral

view. X 90.

24. Nonionella cretacea Cushman (p. 101). Selma chalk (upper part), McNairy County, Tenn. (98). a, 6, Opposite 

sides; c, peripheral view. X 90.

204
OEOLOOICAI. SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 206 PLATE 43

POLYMORPHINIDAE, NONIONIDAE.
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 206 PLATE 44

NONIONIDAE, CAMERINIDAE, HETEROHELICIDAE.
1.

2.

3.

4-8.

10-13. 

14.

15-17. 

1.8, 19.

PLATE 44

Nonionella ansata Cushman (p. 101). Prairie Bluff chalk, Sumter County, Ala. (101). Holotype, a, b, opposite

sides; c, peripheral view. X 110. 

Operculina catenula Cushman and Jarvis (p. 101). (After Cushman and Jarvis.) Cretaceous, Trinidad. Holotype,

a, side view; b, peripheral view. .X 25.

Heterohelix americana (Ehrenberg) Cushman (p. 101). (After Ehrenberg.) 

Bolivinopsis rosula (Ehrenberg) Macfadyen (p. 101).

4. Selma chalk (upper part), McNairy'County, Tenn. (98). X HO.'

5. Selnia chalk (middle part) , Prentiss County, Miss. (260). X 58. ; 

6-8. Lower part of Tay lor marl, Lamar County, Tex. (202). X 68. 

Bolivinopsis papillata (Cushman) Cushman (p. 102). Ripley formation, McNairy County, Tenn. (94). Holotype,

a, front view; b, apertyral view. X 115.

Bolivinopsis? clo'tho (Grzybowski) Cushman (p. 103). After Cushman and Jarvis.) Cretaceous, Trinidad. X 45. 

Gtimbelilria'cretacea Cushman (p. 103). ' Kemp clay, Guadalupe Courty, Tex. (18). Holotype, a, front view; b,

apertural view. X 115. 

Gtlmbelina moremani Cushman (p. 103). Eagle Ford shale, Hill County, Tex. (367). 15, Holotype, a, front view;

b, side view. 16', 17, Paratypes. X 90. 

Gumbelina reussi Cushman (p. 104). Austin chalk, Graysori County, Tex. (334). 18, Holotype, a', front view;

b, side view. 19, Paratype. X 90.

. . . , ' .... '. 205
PLATE 45

FIGURES 1-3. Gumbelina plummerae Loetterle (p. 104). Lower part of Taylor marl, Delta County, Tex. (206). o, Front view;

6, side view. X 115. . 

4, 5. Gumbelina striata (Ehrenberg) Egger (p. 104).

4. Lower part of Taylor marl, McLennan County, Tex. (238). X 90. 

5. Brownstown marl, Eed River County, Tex (318). X 90. 

6,7. Gumbelina planata Cushman (p. 105). Upper part of Taylor marl, Red River County, Tex. (108). 6, Holotype. a,

Front view; b, side view. X 90. . 

8. Gumbelina carinata Cushman (p. 105). Lower part of Taylor marl, Lamar County, Tex. (201). Holotype, a, front

view; b, side view. X 90. 

9-15. Gumbelina globulosa (Ehrenberg) Egger (p. 105).

9. Prairie Bluff chalk, Chickasaw County, Miss. (86). X 90.

10. 11. Wolfe City, sand member of Taylor marl, Hunt County, Tex. (-186). X 90.

12. Ripley formation, Henderson County, Tenn. (96). a, Front view; b, side view. X 115.

13. Ripley formation, McNairy County, Tenn. (94). a, Front view; b, side view. X 120. 

. 14. Selma chalk (upper part), McNairy County, Tenn. (98). X 120.

15. White chalk, Antigua, British West Indies, a, Front view; b, side view. X 68. 

16-20. Gumbelina pseudotessera Cushman (p. 106).

16. Upper part of Taylor marl Kaufman County, Tex. (129). Holotype, a, front view; b, side view. X 115.

17. 18. Boriham marl, Lamar County, Tex. (327). X 115.

19, 20. Annona chalk at type locality, Texas (188a). a, Front view; b, apertural view. X 68.

206
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 206 PLATE 45

HETEROHELICIDAE.
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 206 PLATE 48

HETEROHELICIDAE.
PLATE 46

FIGURES 1-5. Gumbelina semicostata Cushman (p. 107). Lower part of Taylor marl, Delta County, Tex. (206). 1, Holotype, a,

front view; b, side view. 2-5, Paratypes. X 90. 

6, 7. Gumbelina ultimatumida White (p. 107). X 90.' Velasco shale near Velasco, Mexico, a, Front view; b, side view.

X 90. 

8,9. Gumbelina globocarinata Cushman (p. 107). Upper part of Taylor marl, Lamar County, Tex. (110). 8, Holotype,

a, front view; b, side view. 9, Paratype. X 90. 

10-12. Gumbelina costulata Cushman (p. 108). Upper part of Taylor marl, Red River County, Tex. (107). 10, Holotype,

a, front view; b, side view. 11, 12, Paratypes. X 90.

13, 14. Gumbelina punctulata Cushman (p. 108). Upper part of Taylor marl, Red River Count}', Tex. (108). 14, Holotypej 

a, front view; b, side view. 13, Paratype. X 90.

15. Gumbelina spinifera Cushman (p. 108). Ripley formation, McNairy County, Term. (94). Holotype, a, front view. 

b, side view. X 90.

16. Gumbelina excolata Cushman (p. 108). Corsicana marl. Limestone County, Tex. (31). a, Front view; b, side view

X 90. 

17, 18. Gumbelina glabrans Cushman (p. 109). Kemp clay, Williamson County, Tex. (12). 17, Holotype, a, front view;

b, side view. 18, Paratype. X 90. 

19-21. Rectogumbelina texana Cushman (p. 109). Austin chalk, Grayson County, Tex. (323). 19, Holotype. 20, 21.=

Paratypes. X 150. 

22-24. Rectogumbelina hispidula Cushman (p. 109). Austin chalk, Dallas County, Tex. (325.) 22, Holotype. 23, 24,

Paratypes. X 90.

. 207
PLATE 47

FIGURE 1. 

2,3.

4-7.

10, 11. 

12-15.

16. 

17-19.

20-22.

208

Lower part of Taylor marl, Delta County, Tex. (206). Holotype. X 150. 

Arkadelphia marl 5% miles northeast of Hope, Hempstead County, Ark.

Mendez shale, Mexico.

Rectogumbelina minuta Cushman (p. 109). 

Rectogumbelina cretacea Cushman (p. 110)

2, Holotype. 3, Paratype. X 135. 

Pseudotexlularia varians Rzehak (p. 110)

7o, Front view; 76, side view. X 58. 

Pseudotextularia varians Rzehak var. textulariformis White (p. 110)

of Guerrero, Mexico, a, Front view; b, apertural view. X 30. 

Pseudotextularia varians Rzehak var. mendezensis White (p. 110).

Guerrero, Mexico, a, Front view; b, apertural view. X 30. 

Planoglobulina taylorana Cushman (p. 110). Lower part of Taylor marl,'Dallas County, Tex. (224).

11, Paratype. X 90. 

Planoglobulina acervulinoides (Egger) Cushman (p. 111).

12. Mendez shale, Mexico, o, Front view; 6, apertural view. X 58.

13-15. Prairie Bluff chalk, Wilcox County, Ala. (99). a, Front view; b, apertural view. X 75. 

Ventilabrella austinana Cushman (p. 111). Gober tongue of Austin chalk, Fannin County, Tex. (277).

a, Front view; 6, side view. X 58. 

Ventilabrella eggeri Cushman (p. 111).

17, 18. Lower part of Taylor marl, Travis County, Tex. (247). X 45. 

19. Lower part of Taylor marl, McLennan County, Tex. (242). X 38. 

Ventilabrella eggeri Cushman var. glabrata Cushman (p. 111). Lower part of Taylor marl, Ellis County, Tex. (231).

22, Holotype. 20, 21, Paratypes. X 58.

4a, 5a, Front views; 46, 56, apertural views. 

. (After WThite.) Mendez shale, 2.2 miles east 

(After White.) Mendez shale, 2.2 miles east of

10, Holotype.

Holotype,
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 206 PLATE 47

HETEROHELICIDAE.
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 206 PLATE 48

HETEROHELICIDAE.
PLATE 48

FIGURES 1-5.

6.

7.

1 (:i.

.17.

18-20.

21, 22.

Ventilabrella carseyae Plummer (p. 112). Arkadelphia marl, Hempstead County, Ark. (70V o, Front

apertural view. X 58. 

Bolivinoides austinana Cushman (p. 112). Austin chalk, Bell County, Tex. (316). Holotype, a, Front

apertural view. X 120. 

Bolivinoides texana Cushman (p. 112).

view; 6, apertural view. X 100. 

Bolivinoides decorata (Jones) Cushman (p. 113).

tural view. X 90. 

Bolivinoides decorata (Jones) Cushman var. delicatula Cushman (p. 113).

10. Cretaceous, Hacienda el Limon, Vera Cruz, Mexico. X 75.

11. Pecan Gap chalk member of Taylor marl, Lamar County, Tex. (165). X 58.

12. Saratoga chalk, Howard County, Ark. (79). a, Front view; b, apertural view.

13. Cretaceous, Trinidad. X 75.

14. Taylor marl, south of Austin on Greedmor-Delvalle road, Texas. X 100. 

Bolivinoides rhomboidea (Cushman) Cushman (p. 113). Mendez shale, 5 kilometers southeast of Guerrero on

River, San Luis Potosi, Mexico. Holotype, a, Front view; b, apertural view.- X 55. 

Bolivinoides velascoensis (Cushman) Cushman (p. 114). Velasco shale, Hacienda el Limon, Vera Cruz,

Holotype, a, Front view; b, apertural view. X 55.

Lower part of Taylor marl, Collin County, Tex. (211). Holotype, 

Annbna chalk, Bowie County, Tex. (189). . a, Front view

X 38. -

view; b, 

view; b, 

a, Front 

; b, aperBolivinoides trinitatensis Cushman and Jarvis (p. 114)

type, a, Front view; b, apertural view. X 50. 

Bolivinita eleyi Cushman (p. 114).

18. -Brownstown marl, Clark County, Ark. (349)

19. Annona chalk at type locality, Texas (188a)

20. White chalk, Antigua; British -West Indies. 

Bolivinita planata Cushman (p. 114).

21. Pecan Gap chalk member of Taylor marl, Rockwall County, Tex. (176).

22. Pecan Gap chalk member of Taylor marl, Lamar County, Tex. (165). a.

Tamu in 

Mexico. 

(After Cushman and Jarvis). Cretaceous, Trinidad. Holoa, Front view; b, side view. X 90.

a, Front view; b, side view. X 55.

a, Front view; b, side view. X 68.

Holotype. X 55. 

Front view; b, side view. X 55

209

04(lf»fi4 40-
PLATE 49

FIGURES 1, 2. Bolivinita selmensis Cushman (p. 114). Ripley formation, McNairy County, Tenn. (94). 1, Holotype, a, front

view; b, apertural view. 2, Paratype. X 150. 

3. Bolivinita costifera Cushman (p. 115). Arkadelphiamarl(?), 5% miles northeast of Hope, Hempstead County, Ark.

Holotype, a, front view; b, apertural view. X 150. 

4, 5; Eouvigerina americana Cushman (p. 115).

4. Lower part of Taylor marl, Dallas County, Tex. (226). Holotype, a, front view; b, side view; c, apertural 

view. 'X 150.

5. Ripley formation, McNairy County, Tenn. (94). a, Front view; b, side view. X 120. 

6. Eouvigerina gracilis Cushman (p. 115). Lower part of Taylor marl, Dallas County, Tex. (226). Holotype, a, front

view; b, side view; c, apertural view. X 150. 

7, 8. Eouvigerina -hispida Cushman (p. 115). Selma-chalk (upper part), McNairy County, Tenn. (98). 7, Holotype.

8,- Paratype. X .150. 

9. Eouvigerina austinana Cushman (p. 116). Austin chalk, Collin County, Tex. (294). Holotype, a, front view; b,

apertural view. X 150.

10, 11. Eouvigerina plummerae Cushman (p. 116). Austin chalk, Collin County, Tex. (324). 10, Holotype. 11, Paratype. 

X 100. ' '

12. Eouvigerina geneae Morrow (p. 116). Fort Hays limestone, Ellis County, Kans. Holotype, redrawn. X 120.

13. Eouvigerina aculeata Cushman (p. 116). Austin chalk, 6.5 miles east by north of Alien, Collin County, Tex. (295a).

a, Front view; 6, side view. X 150. 

14-16. Pseudouvigerina plummerae Cushman (p. 116). .

14. Selma chalk (upper part), McNairy County, Tenn. (98). a, Front view; b, side view. X 120. 

15,16. Neylandville marl, Red River County, Tex. (50). a, Front view; 6, apertural view. X 150. 

17-20. fseudouvigerina cretacea Cushman (p. 117). Ripley formation, McNairy County, Tenn. (94). 18, Holotype. 17,

19, 20, Paratypes. a, ^Frorit view; b, apertural view. X 120.

21-24. Pseudouvigerina seligi: (Cushman) Cushman and Todd (p. 117); ' . :--- 

21-. Arkadelphia: marl, Hempstead County,; Ark. (72). X '150: . '' : v; : . 

22. Corsicana'mafl,; Travis County, Tex. (40). a, Front view; 6, :side: view; . X 150. 

23,24. Corsicana.niarl, Navarro County, Tex. (27). a, Front view.; 6-'apertural view. X 150.

210 ;'. , l . '
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PEOFESSIONAL PAPEB 200 PLATE 49

HETEROHELICIDAE.
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 200 PLATE 50

HETEROHELICIDAE, BULIMINIDAE.
PLATE 50

FIGURE 1. Siphogenerinoides plummeri (Cushman) Cushman (p.117). Kemp clay, 6)-z miles north of Cameron, Milam County, 

Pex. (10). Holotype, a, front view; b, apertural view. X 75.

2, 3. Siphogenerinoides cretacea Cushman (p. 118). Colon shale, Quebrada Honda, Venezuela. 2, Holotype, megalospheric. 3, Paratype, microspheric. X 38.

4,5. Siphogenerinoides bramleltei Cushman (p. 118). Colon shale, Quebrada Honda, Venezuela. 4, Holotype. 5, Paratype. X 38.

6-8. Siphogenerinoides parva Cushman (p. 118). Colon shale, Quebrada Honda, Venezuela. 6, Holotype. 7, 8, Paratypes.

X 38.

9-11. Siphogenerinoides ewaldi (Karsten) Cushman (p. 118). (After Karsten.) Cretaceous, Colombia. Wax cast from 

mold. 9, 10, X 18; 11, X 38.

12. Siphogenerinoides brevispinosa Cushman (p. 119). Arkadelphia marl(?) 5% miles northeast of Hope, Hempstead 

County, Ark. Holotype, a, front view; b, apertural view. X 105.

13. Buliminella fabilis Cushman and Parker (p 119.). Lower part of Taylor marl, Hill County, Tex. (237). Holotype, 

a, front view; b, rear view; c, apertural view. X 95.

14. Buliminella vitrea Cushman and Parker (p. 119). Selma chalk (middle part), Lee County, Miss. (265). Holotype, 

a, front view; b, rear view; c, apertural view. X 80.

15. Buliminella cushmani Sandidge (p. 119). Kemp clay, Williamson County, Tex. (12). a, b, Opposite sides. X 68. 

IjB, 2.1, 22. Buliminella carseyae Plummer var. pluna Cushman and Parker (p. 120).

16, 21. Corsicana marl, Bexar County, Tex. (46). Holotype, 21a, front view; 216, apertural view; 16, rear

view. X 90.

22. Neylandville marl, Kaufman County, Tex. (59). X 90. 

17-20. Buliminella carseyae Plummer (p. 119).

17. Taylor marl, southeast of Delvalle, Tex. a, Front view; 6, rear view; c, apertural view. X 85. 

18-20. Upper part of Taylor marl, Travis County, Tex. (147). a, Front view; b, apertural view. X 55. 

23, 24. Buliminella c,olonensis Cushman and Hedberg (p. 120). (After Cushman and Hedberg.) Cretaceous, Venezuela. 

24, Holotype, a, front view; b, apertural view. X 58.

211
PLATE 51

FIGURES 1-5. Bulimina reussi Morrow (p. 120).

1. Wolfe City sand member of Taylor marl, Collin County, Tex. (183). a, Front view; 6, apertural view. X 75.

2. Austin chalk, Collin County, Tex. (292). X 75.

3. 4. White chalk, Antigua, British West Indies, a, Front view; b, apertural view. X 68. 

 5. Saratoga chalk, Howard County, Ark. (79). a, Front view; b, apertural view. X 75. 

6. Bulimina reussi Morrow var. navarroensis Cushman and Parker (p. 121). Corsicana marl, Caldwell County, Tex.

(44). Holotype, a, front view; b, apertural view. X 75. 

7, 10, 13, 15, 16. Bulimina aspera Cushman and Parker (p. 121).

7. Kemp clay, Williamson County, Tex. (11). X 55. 

10. Corsicana marl, Navarro County, Tex. (26) X 55. 

13. Upper part of Taylor marl, Navarro County, Tex. (132).

Megalospheric form, a, front view; b, apertural view. X 55.

15. Upper part of Taylor marl, Red River Cbunty, Tex. (107). a, Front view; b, apertural view.'X 55.

16. Upper part of Taylor marl, Kaufman County, Tex. (125). X 55. 

8,9. Buiimina.kickapooensis Cole var. pingua Cushman and Parker (p. 123). Corsicana marl, Limestone County, Tex.

(30). a, Front view; b, apertural view. X 55. 

1.1, 12, .1.4. Bulimina kickapooensis Cole (p. 1.23). . 11, 12. Upper part of Taylor marl, Red River County, Tex. (106). 11, Microspheric form. 12, Megalospheric. a, Front view; b, apertural view. X 55.

14. Upper part of Taylor marl, Navarro County, Tex. (1.32). . Microspheric form, a, Front view; b, apertural 

view. X 55.

17. Bulimina irihedra Cushman (p. 122). Velasco shale, Hacienda el Limon, Mexico. Holotype, a, front view; b, apertural view. X 60.

18. Bulimina exigua Cushman and Parker (p. 122). Brownstown marl, Red River County, Tex. (318). Holotype.

a, front view; b, apertural view. X 90. 

19-22. Bulimina prolixa Cushman and Parker (p. 122).

19. 22. Ripley formation, McNairy County ^ Term. (94). 19, Holotype, a, front view; b, apertural view 22a, 

Front view; b, side view. X 80.

20. 21. White chalk, Antigua, British West Indies, a, Front view; b, apertural view. X 68.

23. Bulimina triangularis Cushman and Parker (p. 122). Upper part of Taylor marl, Collin County, Tex. (122). Holotype, a, front view; b,.apertural view. X 75.

24. Bulimina rudita Cushman and Parker (p. 122). Upper part of Taylor marl, Red River County, Tex. (108). Holetype, a, front view; b, apertural view. X 100.

212
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 206 PLATE 51

BULIMINIDAE.
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 206 PLATE 52

BULIMINIDAE.
PLATE 52

FIGURES 1, 2. BuUmina taylorensis Cushman and Parker (p. 123).

1. Upper part of Taylor marl, Red River County, Tex. (106). Holotype, a, front view; 6, apertural- view. 

X 75 *

2. Upper part of Taylor marl, Bexar County, Tex. (152). X 100. 

3, 4. BuUmina arkadelphiana Cushman and Parker (p. 124).

3. Arkadelphia marl, Hempstead County, Ark. (72). Holotype, a, front view; b, apertural view. X 65.

4. Arkadelphia marl, Hempstead County, Ark. (73). X 65.

5. BuUmina limbata White (p. 124). Cretaceous, Mexico, a, Front view; b, apertural view. X 55.

6. BuUmina mendezensis White (p. 124). Cretaceous, Mexico, a, Front view; b, rear view; c, apertural view. X 90.

7. BuUmina incisa Cushman (p. 124). Cretaceous, Mexico. Holotype. X 110.

8. BuUmina velascoensis (Cushman) White (p. 124). Cretaceous, Mexico. Holotype. X 90.

9. BuUmina trin'itatensis Cushman and Jarvis, (p.124). (After Cushman and Jarvis.) Cretaceous, Trinidad. Holotype,

a, front view; b, apertural view. X 75. 

10. 'BuUmina pectinata Cushman and Parker (p. 123). Lower part of Taylor marl, Delta County, Tex. (206). Holotype,

a, front view; b, rear view; c, apertural view. X 110. 

1.1, .12. Neobulimina canadensis Cushman and Wickenden (p. 125).

11. Lower part of Taylor marl, Collin County, Tex. (212). X 95.

12. Lower part of Taylor marl, Ellis County, Tex. (235). a, Front view; b, apertural view. X 95.

.13. Neobulimina irregularis Cushman and Parker (p. 125). Ector tongue of Austin chalk, Grayson County, Tex. (332). 

Holotype, a, front view; b, apertural view. X 60.

14. Neobulimina spinosa Cushman and Parker (p. 126). Ripley formation, Henderson County, Tenn. (96). Holotype, 

a, front view; 6, apertural view. X 95. . -

15. Entosolenia marginata (Walker and Jacob) Williamson (p. 126). Ripley formation, McNairy County, Tenn. (94).

a, Front view; b, apertural view. X 120. 

16-18. Entosolenia orbignyana (Seguenza) Cushman (p. 126).

16. (After Cushman and Jarvis.) Cretaceous, Trinidad. X 42.

17. 18. Ripley formation, McNairy County, Tenn. (94). a, Front view; b, apertural view. X 105. 

19. Entosolenia orbignyana (Seguenza) Cushman var. (p. 126). (After Cushman and Jarvis.) Cretaceous, Trinidad, 

a, Front view; b, apertural view. X 42.

213
PLATE 53

FIGURES 1-4. Virgulina tegulata Reuss (p. 126). " . . 1. 3. Ripley formation, Henderson County, Tenn. (96). a, Front view; b, apertural view. 1, X 75; 2, X 68.

2. Selma chalk, Lee County, Miss. (264). X 75.

4. Austin chalk, Collin County, Tex. (324). a, Front view; b, apertural view. X 75. 

5-7. Virgulina navarroana Cushman (p. 126). Corsicana marl, Navarro County, Tex. (26). 5, Holotype, a, front view;

b, apertural view. 6, 7, Paratypes, a, front view; b, side view. X 120. 

8-11. Bolivina incrassata Reuss (p. 127).

8, 9. Ripley formation, Henderson County, Tenn. (96). X 75.

10, 11. Mendez shale 5 kilometers southeast of Tamuin, San Luis Potosi, Mexico. X 45. 

12, 13. Bolivina decurrens (Ehrenberg) Marsson (p. 127).

12. Upper Cretaceous, Venezuela. X 135.

13. Navarro group, east of Richland, Navarro County, Tex. X 150. 

. 14-17. Bolivina cretosa Cushman (p. 128).

14. Selma chalk (upper part), Henderson County, Tenn. (98). Holotype. X 150.

15. Corsicana marl 5.4 miles west of Navarro Hotel, Corsicana, Navarro County, Tex. X 15Q.

16,17. Upper part of Taylor marl, Williamson County, Tex. (144). a, Front view; 6, apertural view. X 135.

18. Bolivina watersi Cushman (p. 128). Corsicana marl in well samples east of Richland, Navarro County, Tex. Holotype. X 150. .

19. Bolivina pondi Cushman (p. 128). Ripley formation, McNairy County, Tenn. (94). Holotype, a, front view; 

b, apertural view. X 120.

20. Bolivina selmaensis Cushman (p. 128). Ripley formation, McNairy County, Tenn. (94). Holotype, a, front view; 

h, apertural view. X 150. . 21. Bolivina velascoensis Cushman (p. 128). Velasco shale, Mexico. Holotype, a, front view; b, apertural view. X 75. 

22, 23. Bolivina explicala Cushman and Hedberg (p. 129). (After Cushman and Hedberg.) Cretaceous, Venezuela. 22,

Holotype, a, front view; b, apertural view. 23, Paratype. X 45. 

24-31. Loxostoma cushmani Wickenden (p. 129).

24, 25. Boyne beds 1% miles south-southwest of Treherne, Manitoba. Paratypes, a, front view; b, apertural 

view. X.,68..v ;

26. Selma chalk (lower part), Itawamba County, Miss. (351). X 68. *

27. Gober tongue of/Austin chalk, Lamar County, Tex. (288). X 68."-: "' - ' ': 

28-30. Lower part of Taylor marl, McLennan County, Tex. (240). X 55. : ^ 31. Lower part of Taylor marl, Ellis County, Tex. (231). a, Front view; b, apertural view. X 68.

214
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PBOFESSIONAI, PAPER 206 PLATE 53

BULIMINIDAE.
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 206 PLATE S4

BULIMINIDAE, ELLIPSOIDINIDAE.
PLATE 54

Fiouuins 1-3. Loxostoma gemmum (Cushman) Cushman (p. 129). Arkadelphia marl, Hempstead County, Ark. (70). ], Holotype,

a, front view; b, side view; c, apertural view, X 90. 2, 3, Paratypes, X 75. 

4-9. Loxostoma clavatum (Cushman) Cushman (p 130.).

4. Lower part of Taylor marl, Dallas County, Tex. (226). Holotype, a, front view; b,.side view. X 115.

5. 6. Lower part of Taylor marl, Ellis County, Tex. (231). a, Front view; b, apertural view. X 68. 

7-9. Lower part of Taylor marl, Collin County, Tex. (212). X 55. 

.10-14. Loxostoma plaitum (Carsey) Cushman (p. 130).

10. 12-14. Corsicana marl, Travis County, Tex. (43). Topotypes. X 115.

11. Ripley formation, Henderson County, Tenn. (96). X 68.

1.5. Loxostoma plaitum (Carsey) Cushman var. limbosum Cushman (p. 131). Ripley formation, McNairy County, 

Tenn. (94). Holotype. X 75.

16. Loxostoma minutissimum Cushman. (p. 131). Lower part of Taylor marl, Delta County, Tex. (206). Holotype, 

a, front view; b, apertural view. X 150.

17. Loxostoma Umonense (Cushman) Cushman (p. 131). Mendez shale near Guerrero, San Luis Potosi^ Mexico. Holotype. X 60.

18. Bifarina saxipara (Ehrenberg) Parker and Jones (p. 131). (After Ehrenberg.)

19-21. Pleurostomella austinana Cushmaa (p. 131). Lower part of Austin chalk, Grayson County, Tex. (335). 19, Holotype. 20, 21, Paratypes. X 90.

22-23. Pleurostomella watersi Cushman (p. 132). Bonham marl, Grayson County, Tex. (328). 23, Holotype. 22, Paratype 

X 90. .

24. Pleurostomella nitida Morrow (p. 132). Hartland shale member of Greenhorn limestone, Hodgeman County, Ivans. 

Holotype, redrawn, a, front view; b, side view. X 90.

25. Pleurostomella clavata Cushman (p. 132). Cretaceous, Trinidad, a, Side view; b, apertural view. X 38.

215
PLATE 55

FIGURES 1-9. Pleurostomella subnodosa Reuss (p. 132).

1-7. Annona chalk, Bowie County, Tex. (189). a, Front view; 6, side view. X 38. 

8, 9. Annona chalk at type locality, Texas (188a). X 55.

10. Pleurostomella subnodosa Reuss var. gigantia White (p. 132). Mendez shale, Mexico. (After White.) a, Front 

view; b, side view. 'X 30.

11. Pleurostomella torta Cushman (p. 133). Mendez shale east of Pujal, San Luis Potosi, Mexico, Holotype, a, front 

view; b, side view. X 45.

12. Pleurostomella velascoensis Cushman (p. 133). Velasco shale near Velasco, Mexico. Holotype, a, front view; b, side

view. X 58. 

13, 14. Ellipsopleurostomella curia Cushman (p. 133). (After Cushman and Jarvis.) Cretaceous, Trinidad, a, Front view;

b, apertural view. X 42. . 

15, 16. Nodosarella coalingensis Cushman and Church (p. 133). Mendez shale south of Rancho Nuevo, San Luis Potosi,

Mexico. X 55.

17. Nodosarella primitiva Cushman (p. 134). Upper part of Taylor marl, Red River County, Tex. (106). Holotype, a, 

front view; b, apertural view. X 80. '

18. Nodosarella texana Cushman (p. 133). Lower part of Taylor marl, Colliii County, Tex. (209). Holotype, o, front

view; 6, apertural view. X 58. 

19-21. Nodosarella gracillima Cushman (p. 134).

19. Austin chalk 6% miles east by north of Alien, Collin County, Tex. Holotype, a, front view; b, side view. 

X 58.

20. 21. Basal part of Niobrara chalk, Kansas. Redrawn from Morrow's material. X 58.

22. Nodosarella striata White (p. 134). (After White.) Velasco shale, Columbus Station on Tampico-Monterey Railroad, Mexico. X 30. ..:.-. '.' : ;.

216 ' ' ',".' ':' " : . . . i;^' : ..: /
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 20f> PLATE 55

ELLIPSOIDINIDAE.
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 200 PLATE 56

ELLIPSOIDIJNIDAE.
FIOUUE 1. EUipsonodosaria minula Cushman (p. 134). Lower part of Taylor marl, Collin County, Tex. (207). Holotype.

X 150.

2-7. EUipsonodosaria stephensoni Cushman (p. 134). Upper part of Taylor marl, Kaufrnan County, Tex. (125). 2, 

Holotype. 3-7, Paratypes. a, Front view; b, apertural view. X 38.

8. EUipsonodosaria stephensoni Cushman var. speciosa Cushman (p. 135). Arkadelphia marl, Hempstead County, 

Ark. (72). Holotype. X 58.

9. EUipsonodosaria pseudoscripta Cushman (p. 135). Upper part of Taylor marl, Limestone County, Tex. (136). Holotype, a, front view; 6 apertural view. X 100.

10, 11. EUipsonodosaria exilis Cushman (p. 135). Lower part of Taylor marl, Delta County, Tex. (206). 10, Holotype. 

11, .Paratype. a, Front view; b, apertural view. X 38. ' '

12-15. EUipsonodosaria alexanderi Cushman (p. 135). Lower part of Taylor marl, Delta County, Tex. (206). 14, Holotype, a, front view; 6, apertural view. 12, 13, 15, Paratypes. X 33.

16-1.8. EUipsonodosaria alexanderi Cushman var. impensia Cushman (p. 136). Corsicana marl, Limestone County, Tex. 

(30). 16, Holotype. 17, 18, Paratypes. X 38. .

19, 20. EUipsonodosaria dentata-glabrata Cushman (p. 136). Neylandville marl, Delta County, Tex. (52). 19, Holotype, 

a, front view; b, apertural view. 20, Paratype. X 38.

21-23., EUipsonodosaria horridens Cushman (p. 136). Selma chalk (middle part), Hardin County, Term. (255). 21, Holotype. 22, 23, Paratypes. X 75.

24-26. EUipsonodosaria'? granti (Plummer) Cushman (p. 136). Corsicana marl, Navarro County, Tex. (26). X 38.

27-29. EUipsonodosaria? jarvisi Cushman (p. 136). Cretaceous, Trinidad. 28, Holotype, a, front view; b, apertural view. 

27, 29, Paratypes. X 45,

30, 31. EUipsonodosaria subnodosa (Guppy) Nuttall (p. 137). -(After Cushman and Jarvis.) Cretaceous, Trinidad. 30, 

X 38. 31, X 18. . 

32, 33. EUipsonodosaria sp. (p.-137). Selma chalk (middle-part) ; Hardin County, Tenn. (255). X 45.

34-36. EUipsoglandulina exponens (H. B. Brady) Silvestri (p. 137). (After Cushman -and Jarvis.) Cretaceous, Trinidad.

a, Front views; b, apertural views. X 48.

37. % EUipsoglandidina velascoensis Cushman (p. 137). Velasco shale, Hacienda el Limi i, VeraCrus!, Mexico. Holotype, 

a, front view; b, side view c. apertural view. X 45.

217
. PLATE 57

FIGURE 1. Patellinasp. (p. 137). Ripley formation, McNairy County, Tenn. (94). a, Dorsal view; b, ventral view; c, peripheral view: X 120. 

2. Lamarckina ripleyensis Cushman (p. 137). Ripley formation, McNairy County, Tenn. (94). a, Dorsal view;

b, ventral view; c, peripheral view. X 90. 

3,4. Valvulineria plummerae Loetterle (p.137). (After Loetterle.) Fort Hays limestone, 4.7 miles east and 0.5 mile

north from St. James,Nebr. a, Dorsal view; b, ventral view; c, peripheral view.. X 38. 

5. Valvulineria infrequens Morrow (p. 138). Fort Hays limestone, Ellis County, Kans. Holotype, redrawn, a, dorsal

view; b, ventral view; c, peripheral view. X 68. 

 6,7. Valvulineria allomorphinoides (Reuss) Cushman (p. 138).

6. -Ripley formation, McNairy County, Tenn. (94). a, Dorsal view; b, ventral view; c, peripheral view. X 105. 

7: (After Cushman and Jarvis.) Cretaceous, Trinidad, a, Dorsal view; b, ventral view; c, peripheral view.

X 38. 

8. Valvulineria cretacea (Carsey) Cushman and Todd (p. 138). Corsicana marl, Navarro County, Tex. (26). a, Dorsal

view; b, ventralview; c, peripheral view. XlOO. 

9-12. Valvulineria cf. V. umbilicalula (D'Orbigny) Cushman (p. 139). Ripley formation, Henderson County, Tenn. (96).

a, Dorsal view; b, ventral view; c, peripheral view. 9, X 90. 10-12, X 68.

13, 14. Eponides haidingerii (D'Orbigny) Cushman (p. 142). Ripley formation, McNairy County, Tenn. (127). a, Dorsal 

view; b, ventral view; c, peripheral view. X 90.

15. Eponides simplex (White) Cushman (p. 142). (After Cushman and Jarvis.) Cretaceous, Trinidad, a, Dorsal view; 

b, ventral view c, peripheral view. X 42.

16. Eponides"? spinea (Cushman) Cushman (p. 142). Mendez shale, Mexico. -Hplotype, a, dorsal view; b, ventral view; 

c, peripheral view. X 75. . ' .

' 218 ....'. - . ' :
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 206 PLATE 57

ROTALIIDAE.
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 206 PLATE 58

ROTALIIDAE.
PLATE 58

FIGURES 1 4. .Gyroidina depressa (Alth) Cushman and Church (p. 139).

.1. Saratoga chalk, Howard County, Ark. (79). a, Dorsal view; b, ventral view; c, peripheral view. X 75.

2. (After Cushman and Jarvis.) Cretaceous, Trinidad, a, Dorsal view; 6, ventral view; c, peripheral view. 

X 55. -

3. 4. Selma chalk (middle part), Hardin County, Term. (255). a, Dorsal view; b, ventral view; c, peripheral

view. X 68. 

5. Gyroidina nitida (Reuss) Morrow (p. 140). (After Loetterle.) Fort Hays Limestone, 4.7 miles east and 0.5 mile

north from St. James, Nebr. a, Dorsal view; b, ventral view; c, peripheral vi.ew. X 58. 

0-8. Gyroidina globosa (Hagenow) Cushman (p. 140).

6. Saratoga chalk, Howard County, Ark. (79). a, Dorsal view: b, ventral view; c, peripheral view. X 68.

7. 8. (After Cushman and Jarvis.) Cretaceous, Trinidad, a, Dorsal view; b, ventral view; c, peripheral view. 

7, X 58. 8, X 42. 

9. Gyroidina flirardana (Reuss) Cushman (p. 140). Saratoga chalk, Howard County, Ark. (79). a, Dorsal view; b, 

venti'al view; c, peripheral view. X 42.

10. Gyroidina arkadelphiana Cushman (p. 141). Arkadelphia marl, Hempstead County, Ark. (73). Holotype, a, dorsal 

view; b, ventral view; c, peripheral view. X 68.

11. Gyroidina beissdi White (p. 141). (After Cushman and Jarvis.) Cretaceous, Trinidad, a, Dorsal view; b, ventral 

view; c, peripheral view. X 42.

12. Rotalia fimbriatula Cushman and Hedberg.(p. 142). Cretaceous, Rio Lebrija about 1J4 kilometers west of Chichira, 

Department of Santander, Colombia. Holotype, a, dorsal view; b, ventral view; c, peripheral view. X 58.

. . 219
PLATE 59

FIGURES 1, 2. Epistomina caracolla (Roemer) Franke (p. 142). Ripley formation, McNairy County, Tenn. (97). 1, Holotype,

redrawn, a, Dorsal view; b, ventral view; c, peripheral view. 1, X 55;-2, X 75. 

3-5. Siphonina prima Pliimmer (p. 142). a, Dorsal view; b, ventral view; c, peripheral view.

3. Kemp clay, Hopkins County, Tex. (1). X 115.

4. Corsicana marl, Bexar County, Tex. (46). X 115.

5. Ripley formation, Pontotoc County, Miss. (90). X 115. 

6, 7. Ceratobulimina cretacea Cushman and Harris (p. 143).

6. Ripley formation, McNairy County, Tenn. (97). X 68.

7. Navarro group, Mexia oil field, Mexia, Tex. a, Dorsal view; b, ventral view; c, peripheral view. X 60. 

8, 9. Pulvinulinella texana Cushman (p. 143). a Dorsal view; b, ventral view; c, peripheral view.

8. Upper part of Taylor marl, Red River County, Tex. (106). Holotype. X 80.

9. Saratoga chalk, Howard County, Ark. (79). X 38. 

10. Pulvinulinella glabrata Cushman (p. 144). Corsicana marl, Travis-County, Tex. (34). Holotype, a, dorsal view;

b, ventral view; c, peripheral view. X 115.

11, 12. Pulvinulinella? florealis (White) Cushman (p. 144). (After Cushman and Jarvis.) Cretaceous, Trinidad, a, Dorsal 

view; b, ventral view; c, peripheral view. X 38.

220 ..
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 206 PLATE 59

ROTALIIDAE, CASSIDULINIDAE.
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 206 PLATE 60

CASSIDULINIDAE, CHILOSTOMELLIDAE.
PLATE 60

Fiouuu 1. Pulvinulinella navarroana Cushman (p.144). Kemp clay, Williamson County, Tex. (12). Holotype, a, dorsal view; 

b, ventral view; c, peripheral view. X 60.

2. Pulvinulinella ripleyensis Sandidge (p. 144). (After Sandidge.) Ripley formation, Lowndes County, Ala. a, Dorsal 

view; b, ventral view; c, peripheral view. X 100.

3. Pulvinulinella velascoensis (Cushman) Cushman and Jarvis (p. 145). (After Cushman and Jarvis.) Cretaceous, 

Trinidad, a, Dorsal view; b, ventral view; c, peripheral view. X 38.

4. Cassidulina crelacea Cushman (p. 145). Ripley formation, McNairy County, Term. (97). a,b, opposite: sides; 

c, peripheral view. X 85.

5. Allomorphina navarroana Cushman (p. 145). Corsicana marl, Navarro County, Tex. (26). Holotype, a, dorsal view; 

b, ventral view; c, peripheral view. X 100.

6. Allomorphina minula Cushman (p. 145). Gober tongue of Austin chalk, Fannin County, Tex. (278). Holotype, 

a, dorsal view; b, ventral view; c, peripheral view. X 100.

7. Allomorphina trochoides (Reuss) Cushman and Jarvis (p. 145). (After Cushman and Jarvis.) Cretaceous, Trinidad. 

a, Dorsal view; b, ventral view; c, peripheral view. X 75.

8. Allomorphina velascoensis Cushman (p. 146). Velasco shale, Hacienda el Limon, Mexico, a, Dorsal view; 6 peripheral 

view. X 100.

9. . Pullenia cretacea Cushman (p. 146). Ripley formation, Henderson County, Tenn. (96). Holotype, a, side view;

b, apertural view. X 68. 

10,11. Pullenia coryelli White (p. 147).

10. (After Cushman and Jarvis.) Cretaceous, Trinidad, a. Side view; b, peripheral view. X 38.

11. Saratoga chalk, Howard County, Ark. (79). a, Side view; b, peripheral view. X 65.

12. Pullenia minuta Cushman (p.. 147).. Corsicana marl, Navarro County, Tex. (26). Holotype, a, side view; b, peripheral view. X 90. 

13, 14. Pullenia americana Cushman (p. 146). Upper part of Taylor marl, Williamson County, Tex. (142). Holotype, a,

side view; b, apertural view. X 68.

15. Pullenia jarvisi Cushman (p. 147). Cretaceous, pit at Lizard Springs, near Cuayaguayare, southeastern Trinidad. 

Holotype, o, side view; b, apertural view. X 68.

221
PLATE 61

FIGUKES 1-3. Hastigerinella moremani Cushman (p. 147). Eagle Ford shale, Hill County, Tex. (369). 1, Holotype, a, dorsal view;

b, ventral view; c, peripheral view. 2, 3, Paratypes. X 68. 

4-7. Hastigerinella alexanderi C.ushman (p. 148). Lower part of Austin chalk, Grayson County, Tex. (335). 4, Holotype,

a, dorsal view; 6, ventral view; c, peripheral view. 5-7, Paratypes. X 68. 

8, 9. Hastigerinella watersi. Cushman (p. 148). Lower part of Austin chalk, Grayson County, Tex. (335). 8, Holotype,

a, b, opposite sides; c, peripheral view. 9, Paratype, young stage. X 68. 

10. Hastigerinella simplex Morrow (p. 148). Hartland shale member of Greenhorn limestone, Hodgeman County, Ivans.

Holotype, redrawn, a, dorsal view; b, ventral view. X 90.

11, 12. Schackoina multispinata (Cushman and Wickenden) Cushman (p. 148). (After Cushman and Wickenden.) Cretaceous, Canada. X 115. 

13-16. Schackoina trituberculata (Morrow) Loetterle (p. 148). (After Morrow.) Hartland shale member of Greenhorn

limestone, Hodgeman County, Ivans. X 58. 

17, 18. Globolruncana canaliculata (Reuss) Cushman (p. 149). a, Dorsal view; b, ventral view; c, peripheral view.

17. Annona chalk at type locality, Texas (188a). X 48.

18. Cretaceous, St. Johann, near Siegsdorf, Bavaria. X 55.

19. Globotruncana fornicata Plummer (p. 149). Upper part of Taylor marl, Bexar County, Tex. (161). a, Dorsal view; 

b, ventral view; c, peripheral view. X 45.

20. Globotruncana conica White (p. 151). (After White). Mendez shale 2.2 kilometers east of Guerrero, Mexico, a, 

Dorsal view; b, ventral view; c, peripheral view. X 30.

21. Globotruncana conica White var. plicata White (p. 151). (After White). Mendez shale 2.2 kilometers east of Guerrero, 

Mexico, a, Dorsal view; b, ventral view; c, peripheral view. X 30.

222
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PBOFESSIONAL PAPER 206 PLATE 61

GLOBIGERINIDAE, HANTKENINIDAE, GLOBOROTALIIDAE.
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 206 PLATE 62

GLOBOROTALIIDAE.
PLATE 6*2

FIOURKS 1, 2. Globotruncana marginata (Reuss) Thalmann (p. 150). a, Dorsal view; b, ventral view; c, peripheral view.

1. Plilnermergel, Bohemia. Autotype. X 45.

2. Gober tongue of Austin chalk, Lamar County, Tex. (284). X 55. 

3. Globotruncana ventricosa White (p. 150). (After White.) Cretaceous, Mexico, a, Dorsal view; b. ventral view;

c, peripheral view. X 30. 

4, 5. Globotruncana area (Cushman) Cushman (p. 150). a, Dorsal view; b, ventral view; c, peripheral view.

4. Mendez shale near Huiches, Hacienda el Limon, San Luis-Potosi, Mexico. X 38.

5. Annona chalk at type locality, Texas (188a). X 48.

6. Globotruncana area (Cushman) Cushman var. contusa (Cushman) Cushman (p. 150). Mendez shale near Coco, on 

railroad, Hacienda el Limon, San Luis Potosi, Mexico. Holotype, a, dorsal view; b, peripheral view. X 30.

7. Globotruncana cretacea Cushman (p. 151). Ripley formation, Henderson County, Tenn. (96). Holotype, a, dorsal 

view; b, ventral view; c, peripheral view. X 90.

8. Globotruncana calcarata Cushman (p. 151). Pecan Gap chalk member of Taylor marl, Collin County, Tex. (170). 

Holotype, a, dorsal view; b, ventral view; c, peripheral view. X 45.

9. Globorotalia cushmani Morrow (p. 152). Hartland shale member of Greenhorn formation, Hodgeman County, Kans.

Holotype. redrawn, a, dorsal view; b, ventral view;~c, peripheral view. X 55.

10, 11. Globorotaliai multiloculata Morrow (p. 153). Hartland shale member of Greenhorn limestone, Hodgeman County, 

Kans. 10, Holotype, redrawn, 11, Paratype. a, Dorsal view; b, ventral view; c, peripheral view. X 55.

223
PLATE 63

FIGURE 1. Globorotalia umbilicata Loetterle (p. 153). (After Loetterle.) Fort Hays limestone 4.7 miles east and */2 mile north 

from St. James, Nebr. a, Dorsal view; b, ventral view; c, peripheral view. X 58.

3. Globorotalia micheliniana (D'Orbigny) Cushman (p. 153).

2. White chalk, Antigua, British West Indies. X 68.

3. Annona chalk at type locality, Texas (188a). a, Dorsal view; b, ventral view; c, peripheral view. X 38.

4. Globorotalia subconica Morrow (p. 153). Fort Hays limestone, Ellis County, Kans. Holotype, redrawn, a, dorsal view; 

b, ventral view; c, peripheral view. X 68. "

5. Globorotalia membranacea (Ehrenberg) White (p. 152). Velasco shale 70 meters east of kilometer post 633, TampicoSan Luis Potosi Railroad, Mexico, a, Dorsal view; b, peripheral view. X 68.

6. Globorotalia veldscoensis (Cushman) Cushman (p. 153). (After Cushman and Jarvis.) Cretaceous, Trinidad. 

a, Dorsal view; b, ventral view; c, peripheral view. X 68.

7. Anomalina bentonensis Morrow (p. 154). Hartland shale member of Greenhorn limestone, Hodgeman County, Kans.

Holotype, redrawn, a, dorsal view; b, ventral view; c, peripheral view. X 68. 

8, 9. Anomalina nelsoni W. Berry (p. 154).

8. Ripley formation, McNairy County, Term. (97). Holotype, redrawn, a, dorsal view; b, ventral view; c, 

peripheral view. X 55.

9. Selma chalk (middle part), Hardin County, Tenn. (255). a, Dorsal view; b, ventral view; c, peripheral vie.w.

X 90. - ' 

10, 11. Anomalina ammonoides (Reuss) Chapman (p. 154). a, Dorsal view; b, ventral view; c, peripheral view.

10. Planermergel, Bohemia. Autotvpe, X 45.

11.- Annona chalk, Red River County, Tex. (196). X 55. 

 12, 13. Anomalina dementiana (D'Orbigny) Franke (p. 155). a, Dorsal view; b, ventral view; c, peripheral view.

12. Ripley formation, McNairy County, Tenn. (97). X 90.

13. White chalk, Antigua, British West Indies. X.45.

224 v
GEOLOGICAL STJBVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPEH 206 PLATE (S3

GLOBOROTALIIDAE, ANOMALINIDAE.
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 206 PLATE 64

ANOMALINIDAE.
PLATE 64

1. Anomalina pseudopapillosa Carsey (p. 154). Corsicana niarl,Navarro County, Tex. (26). a, Dorsal view; b, ventral 

view; c, peripheral view. X 68.

2. Anomalina henbesti Plurnmer (p. 155). Ripley formation,Henderson County,-Term. (96). a, Dorsal view; b, ventral 

view; c, peripheral view. X 60.

3. Anomalina tennesseensis W. Berry (p. 155). Ripley formation, McNairy County, Teun. (97). Holotype, redrawn,

a, dorsal view; b, ventral view; c, apertural view. X 55. 

Anomalina rubiginosa Cushman (p. 156). (After Cushman and Jarvis.) Cretaceous, Trinidad, a, Dorsal view; b,

ventral view; c, peripheral view. X 38. 

7. Anomalina velascoensis Cushman (p. 156). Velasco shale. Tamalte Arroyo, Hacienda el Limon, Mexico. Holotype,

redrawn, a, dorsal view; b, ventral view; c, peripheral view. X 58. 

8,9. Planulina eaglefordensis (Moreman) Cushman (p. 156).

8. Eagle Ford shale, Dallas County, Tex. (356). a, Dorsal view; b, ventral view; c, peripheral view. X 60.

9. Eagle Ford shale, Dallas County, Tex. (363). X 60.

10. Planulina, austinana Cushman (p. 156). Lower part of Austin chalk, Dallas County, Tex. (344). Holotype, a, Dorsal 

view; b, ventral view; c, peripheral view. X 55.

11. Planulina texana Cushman (p. 157). Lower part of Taylor marl, Fannin County, Tex. (204). Holotype, a, Dorsal 

view; b, ventral view; c, peripheral view. X 48.

12. Planulina kansasensis Morrow (p. 157) Fort Hays limestone, Ellli's County, Ivans. Holotype, redrawn, a, Dorsal 

view; b, ventral view; c, peripheral view. X 55.

13. Planulina spissocostata Cushman (p. 157). Upper part of Taylor marl, Navarro County, Tex. (132). a, Dorsal view;

b, ventral view; c, peripheral view. X 60. 

14, 15. Planulina taylorensis (Carsey) Cushman (p. 158). a, Dorsal view; b, ventral view; c, peripheral view.

14. Saratoga'chalk, Howard County, Ark. (79). X 30. . . ' \ \. . -

15. Ripley formation, Henderson County, Tenu.'(96). X 45. ., '' ".'' V

225
PLATE 65

Corsicana marl, Travis County, Tex. (39). o, Dorsal vie.w; b, ventral

Holotype, a, dorsal view;

FIGURE 1. Planulina correcta (Carsey) Cushman (p. 158). 

view; c, peripheral view. X 68.

2. Planulina nacatochensis Cushman (p. 158). Nacatoch sand, White County, Ark. (76). 

b, ventral view; c, peripheral view. X 68.

3. Planulina greenhornensis (Morrow) Cushman (p. 159). Hartland shale member of Greenhorn limestone, Hodgeman 

County, Kans. Holotype, redrawn, a, dorsal view; b, ventral view; c, peripheral view. X 45.

4. Cibicides stephensoni Cushman (p. 159). Selma chalk of Pecan Gap age, Marengo County, Ala. (256). Holotype,

a, dorsal view; 6, ventral view; c, peripheral view. X 55. 

5-7. Cibicides harperi (Sandidge) Cushman (p. 159).

5. (After Sandidge.) Ripley formation, Alabama River, Ala. a, Dorsal view; b, ventral view. X 58.

6. 7. Kemp clay, Navarro County, Tex. (3). 6, Ventral view. 7, Dorsal view. X 38. 

8-11. Cibicides subcarinatus Cushman and Deaderick (p. 159). a, Dorsal view; b, ventral view; c, peripheral view.

8. Ripley formation, McNairy County, Tenn. (97). Holotype, redrawn. X 55.

9. Selma chalk (upper part), McNairy County, Tenn. (98). X 90.

10. Ripley formation, McNairy County, Tenn. (97). Holotype of "Anomalina wadei W. Berry," redrawn. 

X 55.

11. Ripley formation, McNairy County, Tenn. (97). Holotype of " Truncatulina wadei W. Berry," redrawn. 

X 55. -

12. Cibicides beaumontianus (D'Orbigny) Brotzen (p. 160). Saratoga chalk, Howard County, Ark. (79) 

b, ventral view; c, peripheral view. X 38.

13. Cibicides constrictus (Hagenow) Cushman (p. 160). Saratoga chalk, Howard County, Ark. (79). 

b, ventral view; c, peripheral view. ,X 30.

14. Stensioina americana Cushman and Dorsey (p. 141). Saratoga chalk, Howard County, Ark. (79). 

b, ventral view; c, peripheral view. X 48.

15. Cibicides coonensis (W. Berry) Thalmann (p. 160). Ripley formation, McNairy County, Tenn. (97). 

redrawn, a, dorsal view; b, ventral view; c, peripheral view. X 68.

226

a, Dorsal view; 

a, Dorsal view; 

a, Dorsal view; 

Holotype,
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 206 PLATE 65

ANOMALINIDAE.
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 20B PLATE 66

MISCELLANEOUS FORAMINIFERA.
PLATE 66

FIQUHE 1. Haplophragmoidea flagleri Cushman and Hedberg (p. 22). Colon shale, Quebrada Mito Juan, Colombia, Holotype,

o, front view; 6, apertural view. X 60. 

2. Ammobaculites lueckei Cushman and -Hedberg (p. 24). Colon shale, Quebrada Mito Juan, Colombia. Holotype,

o, front view; 6, apertural view. X 80. . 

3, 4. Pseudogaudryinella colombiana Cushman and Hedberg (p. 41). Colon shale, Quebrada Mito Juan, Colombia.

3, Holotype, X 40. 4, Paratype, X 28.

5. Planularia sp. (p. 58). Colon shale, Quebrada Mito Juan, Colombia. X 55.

6-9. Planularia dissona (Plummer) Cushman var.- santanderensis Cushman and Hedberg (p. 57). Mito Juan formation, 

near kilometer post 33, west of Cucuta, Colombia, on road to Santiago. 7, Holotype. 6, 8, 9, Paratypes. X 35.

10. Vaginulina barcoensis Cushman and1 Hedberg (p. 82). Colon shale, Quebrada Mito Juan, Colombia. Holotype. 

X 50.

11. Bulimina laddi Cushman and Hedberg (p. 124). Colon shale, Quebrada Mito Juan, Colombia. Holotype, a, b, opposite sides; c, apertural view. X 60.

12. Bulimina kiickapooensis Cole (p. 123). Colon shale, Quebrada Mito Juan, Colombia, a, b, Opposite sides; c, apertural 

view. X 55.

13. Bulimina petroleana Cushman and Hedberg (p. 125). Colon shale, Quebrada La Petrolea, Colombia. Holotype, 

a. 6, opposite sides; c, apertural view. X 55.

14. Chilostomella cf. C. ovoidea Reuss (p. 146). Colon shale, Quebrada Mito Juan, Colombia. X 50.

15, 16. Bulimina kickapooensis Cole var. pingua Cushman and Parker (p. 123). Corsicana marl, on Mexia highway at forks 

of Wortham road 2.8 miles east-southeast of Cooledge, Limestone County, Tex. (30). 15, Holotype. 16, Paratype, a, Front view; 6, apertural view: X 45. .

17. Stensidina excolata (Cushman) Cushman and Dorsey (p. 141). Mendez shale, on railroad near Coco, Hacienda el 

Limon, San Luis Potosi, Mexico. Holotype, a, dorsal view; 6, ventral view; c, peripheral view. X 60.

, 227

INDEX

abyssorum, Rhabdoplcura_........------..--....---.-._-----------_...- 14

ucorvulinoidos, QQmbelina-..__ .... .'._ ...__ .-. Ill

Planoglobulina.. --_-_..__.-_.. _.___-_----....._..--._...1_-..-. Ill, pi. 47

Psoudotoxtularia.-.---..-..---- ------- '........................ Ill

accscons, Marginulina austinana_._-........-- ...._..-__-..- 59, pi. 20

aclls, Frondicularia. .........................................1............ 87, pi. 34

aculcata, Dentalina. .... _ _... 66, pi. 26

Eouvigerlna.._ ..__.___.________________-_-. 116, pi. 49 

Ramuliha --. .---...... -- .- .... --- . 100, pi. 43

acuticosta, Lagona. . _ _ 94, pi. 39

adhaorons, Outtulina...-_.___...____ . _____.__ 96, pi. 40

Polymorphina.--.. .___.. -------- ... ------------ 96

adolphlna, Dentalina cf . _ _ . 136 

advona, Planularia.. _____ .. _. 57, pi. 19 

afllnis, Nodosaria.-.--... . -.- ---- .. - - 64,70-71, pi. 25

agglutinans, Textularia. 34 

alabamonsis, Oyroldina- ... . .1 152 

alata, PulvinuHnolla......_____ ...-. L_._ _... 144

Pulvinulinollacf-...___________f....................._...... 145

albortonsis, Trochammina. _______.___-___._________ 50.pl. 15 

aldrlchl, Robulus....................... .. ..... . .. 55, pi. 18

aloxandcrl, Ammobaculitcs-.___... ... __ -----. 22, pi. 3

Bathyslphon...__..____.______ _____.__._ 14, pi. 1 

Dorothla-. ..:-.-. 45, pi. 12

Elllpsonodosaria... _____ ..__ _.... .._.. 135, pi. 56

Hastigorinclla.__..___________ , ___._____.. 148, pi. 61 

imponsia, Elllpsonodosaria-______________________ 136, pi. 56 

Robulus-. ---- - - -- ------ 55, pi. 18

Allomorphina.-... .-..-.. .-.- - 145-146 

ininuta.- . 145, pi. 60

navarroana....._._....__ ...... --------___ 145-146, pi. 60

trochoidos....................................... ................. 145, pi. 60

velascoonsis.____....____.____ ..-._________.. 146, pi. 60

 allomorphinoidcs, Discorbina.....------. --.. .. .. _ . 138

Discorbls .... ........................................ 138

Valvulina.. 138

Valvullnoria......................................................... 138, pi. 57

altornata, Dentalina...........-....---.......-.-------..-.----.-....-. 64-65, pi. 22

Nodosaria...."- .... 64

zippoi.... ..___ . . ... . 64

altornistrlata, Nodosaria.___________ ______.___ 71, pi. 26 

alvoolata, Lagona. ....".... . . 95, pi. 40

americana, Aronobulimlna._.__ . . . 42-43, pi. 12 

Eouvigorina-.._...............--.....--..-.....--.....-.--.--...-- 115, pi. 49

Hctorohclix.......................................................... 101, pi. 44

Hcterostomolla..______________ __...____ 41-42, pi. 11 

Pullenia..--..-- .-............................................... 146, pi. 60

Spiroplccta___________________...____________.. 101 

StonsiOina.... . .. 141-142, pi. 65

Ammobaculitcs......................-.....-...-. -......... ....-..... . 22-24

aloxandcrl.....................................- .......-.. 1....-.-..-.. 22, pi. 3

aronata................... ...- ----- ___.--.--.---_--.----- 22

arcnatus..-._____.__________ --________ 22, pi. 3 

colombiana.___-.-.-.-.----------.---_ . -.____ ....-- 22

colombianus...__-___.....-.-...-__ '....... .. 22, pi. 3

comprcssa. .................... .---..............--.---.-- ..-. 25

coprolithiforrao.._-..-...__..--.-.-...- -..-..-.-----_---------- 22

coprolithiforrais..,....... .................. .. -.. 22-23, pi. 3

fragmontaria...... .... ........... ...-..--....--.....--...-----. 23

fragmontarius.-- ._.___..._..._.___.____.._-..--.. 23, pi. 3 

luockcl -.-..--..---------...--.-------------------...--------------- 24, pi. 66

murchisoni... . __.__ . _._.... .. 25

stophensonl.___.__.____:._._____-__________--- 24, pi. 3 

subcrotacca....._...._.......___.._-.-..--....---__---------- 23

subcrotacous.-----------_..._._..-._-.._....<?.--. ............ 23, pi. 3

subplanatus... . ......_ ... .. ... 160

tayloronsis.....-..--.-...-............-.-..--...-.........-.--.----.- v 23, pi. 3

toxana_ _____...___...._____. .._------..--.. ..I... 23

toxanus. .......................................................... 23-24, pi. 3

Ammobaculoidos..___.________...._.-.-______.___ .. 30

navarroensis.__.'________...__________.____'. 30, pi. 6 

Ammodiscoldcs____........________...._...__.......-- 18

turblnatus.............................................. ...... .. 18, pi. 1

Page 

»Ammodiscus--.....-________....._.--...--_........__....... 17-18

cretacea...___...__...______.________.___...___ is 

cretaceus.__________..______..___....._...--.... 17-18, pi. 1 

glabratus..._.___________....__._________._____ 17, pi. 1 

pennyi..-. ...................................................i......... 17, pi. 1

pleurotomarioides...________________.__.________ 19 

Ammolagena._........__........__..__....___.-...---.__-.... 19

clavata...____._.......___________.___._____.. 19, pi. 2

ammonoides, Anomalina_.___......____.....__.__...._. 154, pi. 63

Rosalina._.__............__._.___________.___.....'.. 154

amorpha, Clavulina...___.............._....____......_....--- 36,37

Pseudoclavulina-._________________________.__ 37, pi. 9 

incrustata, Pseudoclavulina_.............__..-.._.__......... 37, pi. 9

amphioxys, Nodosaria...________._________________ 72-73, pi. 26 

amphora paucicosta, Lagena........_..._......___.__........... 94, pi. 40

amygdaloides terquemiana, Polymorphina..___________________ 98 

anceps, Spiroplectammina....._____....____.___..________.. 28, 29

angulata, Bigenerina__..........._.-___-------_._......._..... 34

angusta dimidia, Frondicularia._..-._______________________ 92 

Frondicularia_.-.-_..............._------_.--._...____-_. 89

Miliolina (Quinqueloculina) antiqua.__._______._.__._., 48

Quinqueloculina antiqua__________.---_____________ 48, pi. 14

angusticostata, Dentalina_______________.__.________ 70, pi. 24

annectens, Spiroplecta...._.....__..___..__.___.__._._. 103

annulata, Dentalina.._____.._.____.______......._..__... 68,136

Anomalina...___...._..__, ...___'.............._ ____..._... 154-156

ammonoides._________________________________ 154, pi. 63 

bentonensis__________________________________ 154, pi. 63 

clementiana...________________________________ 155, pi. 63 

complanatff__....____________________.________ 155

coonensis.___......______________________________ 159

eaglefordensis...__.______________________________ 156 

grosserugosa.....__.____________________________ 156

harperi-..____________________________________ 159 

henbesti..._________________________________ 155, pi. 64 

nelsoni__>_________________________________ 154, pi. 63 

pinguis...______.___________________________. 156

pseudopapillosa......______________________ 154-155,159, pi. 64

rubiginosa.._________________________________ 156, pi. 64 

semicomplanata.._______..^____________________ 155 

taylorensis.._..__.___________________________.__ 158 

tennesseensis....._.__________.__________. 155-156, pi. 64

velascoensis_____ __._ ________ ______.. ____ 156, pi. 64 

ansata, Nonionella.___..________________________ 101, pi. 44 

antiqua angusta, Miliolina (Quinqueloculina).....__......______------ 48

angusta, Quinqueloculina___________'.________.._. 48, pi. 14 

apiculata, Lagena_.________________________....__.. 94, pi. 39

area, Globotruncana. _________________________ 150,151,153, pi. 62

Pulvinulina..___________________________________ 150

 contusa, Globotruncana.____________.________ 150-151, pi. 62

Pulvinulina... ....__________.__.......__ .. 150

arcbiaciana, Frondicularia.._________________________ 91,92, pi. 37 

strigillata, Frondicularia____________-._______.__....._ 89

 arenata, Ammobaculites_____________.____________ 22 

Clavulina........._........................___........___...... 37

Pseudoclavulina .-_____.__.__.__ ...__ 37, pi. 9 

arenatus, Ammobaculites._____._____.__......._.. 22, pi. 3

Arenobulimina.-l__.--._____________________... 42-43

americana.__.__.-.________________________ 42,43, pi. 12

presli.__________________________________-_.. 42

arkadelphiana, Bulimina..______________________ ___ 124, pi. 52

Frondicularia.__........._.....-....--.-.__...-...-....-._ 91-92, pi. 37

Gyroidlna......_....-..-._................_.................... 141, pi. 58

Ramulina........ ..............._....._.----..--.....-.... 99, pi. 43

armata, Marginulina ...__.._..__ _.__........_....... 60, pi. 21

aspera, Bulimina.. ......... . .... ......... .... ... 121-122, pi. 51

Clavulina -_._ _ .. . .. 38

trilatera..............._--......__.--.-....---...._....--.------ 38

Clavulinoides..------.-.-..--...-.....------..-......._........... 38-39, pi. 9

Nodosaria........-..-.............-..-...-.--....--...__........... 72, pi. 26

white!, Clavulina......................................................... 39

Clavulinoides..:.........-................._ .............. . 39, pi. 9

Astacolus dissonus______..________.______..__-------- 57

taylorensis.... _______________ ___ 53

229

0-
230 INDEX

Page

augusta, Quinqueloculina antiqua______________________ 48, pi. 14 

austinana, Bolivinoides.___________....-____....__... 112, pi. 48

Eouvigerina...__________________________.<__ 116, pi. 49 

Frondicularla..._________________.___________ 86, pi. 33 

Gaudryina (Siphogaudryina).--_---'-.---------------j.--- __ 35, pi. 8

Heterostomella.____________________________ 41, pi. 11 

Marginulina__________________________________ 59, pi. 20 

Nonionella.._____.___ _. . 100, pi. 43

Planulina...... ._..._......................................... 156-157, pi. 64

Pleurostomella .________________________ 131-132, pi. 54 

Ventilabrella......................................................... Ill, pi. 47

acescens, Marginulina_________________________.. 59, pi. 20 

directa, Marginulina-_____________,_____________ 59, pi. 20

B

barcoensis, Vaginulina._________________.____.___ 82, pi. 66 

basiornata, Nodosaria limbata....._.._..-.-...-___.._....__.. 74, pi. 27

basiplanata, Dentalina._________________ 1............. 68, pi. 24

subsetigera, Dentalina_._______________________.. 160 

basitorta, Dentalina...-.-..--......-...--...--.---..--..-.----.---.- 66-67, pi. 23

Bathysiphon_____________________.__________ .. 14 

aloxandcri..____.__._________........._..._....-- 14, pi. 1

taurinensis_._ __....__ ____ .. ... 14, pi. 1

baudouiniana, Frondicularia. _... . .. - . ---- 83

Spiroplectammina__________________________. 27, pi. 5 

Textularia . .. . - - 27

bearpawensis, Qaudryina________-____. .... .. . .34, pi. 7

Verneuilina..____________1________.______ 31, pi. 7

beaumontiana, Cibicides_..._____.__._ . ... . 160

Truncatulina-.. .-....-.. . ........ .. .._._ . 160

beaumontianus, Cibicides..___._ ...____...__. ._ 160, pi. 65

beccariiripleyensis, Kotalia..._____.____ ... - 139 

beisseli, Gyroidina..______.-_._.._. . . . .. . -- 141, pi. 58

bentonensis, Anomalina...____......_.._._ ... ..-.. 154, pi. 63

Oaudryina __'.____..'..... .. ..... .- .... . 33, pi. 7

Spiroplectammina. __.____..__..__ . 33 

berryi, Cibicides..- - . 160

identata, Frondicularia lanceola..----------------------__.... 85-86, plr33

Frondicularia verneuiliana____.-....-._ ....-.-.'."- 85

ifarina.. . --. 131

saxipara..._____________.- .. . . .-. ... 131, pi. 54 

Bigenerina .... . _..... . 30

angulata.._____..____.'__ _ - 34 

hastata. . 30, pi. 6

velascoensis____.________----- .-- .-'-........ 30, pi. 6

bistegia, Cristellaria-._________....'. .__-. -. - - -- 76

Pseudoglandulina_.__-..--._ . . .. . . . 76, pi. 27 

Bolivina... ..... . . . - -- - 127-129

clavata .. - 130 

cretosa . . . - - 128, pi. 53

decorata.____________... - .. 113 

decurrens _. _ -_ ___ __ - - -- - - 127, pi. 53

elongata..____._.___.--.. ... . ..... 127

explicata.- . 129J pi. 53

pemroa.____ . .... - ..... 129

incrassata_____ __--...._ . 127, pi. 53

lata......................... .......... ... 127

limonensis.._________ __.__ 131 

latticea 113

plaita ............................................... ...... 131

plaitum.. .... :. 130

pondl............................. . 128, pi. 53

primatumida_.'.-.______ _._ . . 127 

rhomboidea ._____________________.............. - 113

selmaensis.._......_.......................... . . . 128, pi. 53

tenuis selmaensis... _. 128

velascoensis 128-129, pi. 53

watersi.- - - 128, pi. 53;

sp......................................................................i. 128

Bolivinita.. , -- - 114-115

costifera .......... ........ ........... . .... 115, pi. 49

eleyi ... 114, pi. 48

planata..... . . - 114, pi. 48

selmensis...... ... ......... ............ 114-115, pi. 49

Bolivinoides... . 112-114

austinana______________________________ 112, pi. 48 

decorata...____.... __ . -___. ._.. 113, pi. 48

delicatula., . .-- 113, pi. 48

draco_______.._______.._.__ - . 113 

rhomboidea_____________________.... _ __... -113, pi. 48

rhomboidalis.. -. 113

texana.... . 112, pi. 48

trinitatensis ......................... ... .......... 114, pi. 48

velascoensis..__ _ _.._ 114, pi. 48

Page

Bolivinopsis_____.________________________"._______ 101-102 

papillata ............................^....................... 102, pi. 44

rosula.. ------ -.- --...-.-_.-__.......__...__., 101-102, pi. 44

Bolivinopsis? clotho___________ ____________________ 103, pi. 44 

boynensis, Heterostomella-. _ _________.____________ 41, pi. 11 

brachylocula, Flabellammina__________________________ 160 

bramlettei, Siphogenerinoides.___._____________________ 118, pi. 50 

bramletti, Siphogenerinoides___________________________... 118 

brevis, Bulimina. __i______________________________ . 120 

brevispinosa, Siphogenerinoides--.-____--____________ 119, pi. 50 

brevitesta, Nodosaria.._^-............................................. 74, pi. 27

brownstownensis, Darbyella..........______..._________ 160

Bulimina.---.-_....__.._..........................__..........._ 120-125

arkadelpniana. _____________________________ 124, pi. 52 

aspera.--.. .........................r............................. 121-122, pi. 51

brevis.-..--....___.__.._____________________ 120

compressa.___.____________._________________ 119 

elegafhs..____.______________________________ 123 

elongata- . __.......__'_ ____________ 121

exigua. .. - __-_--____ __________ 122, pi. 51 

incisa . .... ................. 124, pi. 52

kickapooensis. _..__....___..__..__ 121,123, pis. 51, 66

pingua___.. __._____._____..________ 123, pis. 51, 66 

laddL .... .... .................... 124-125, pi. 66

limbata . .. . .. ...... 124, pi. 52

Tnendezensis..- ._.__.__.-.....-..__.__._...__...__ 124, pi. 52

inurchisoniana___..._______......_____.........____ 120

obtusa.. - ... .................. 121,123

ornata_.___.__...___. ________________________ 122 

ovulum._---...----..-........._.........._ ---.-... - . __... 120

pnctinata...-___________...........__.__....______ 123, pi. 52

petroleana..-.-.--..---.----......__.-__........._..__. 125, pi. 66

polystropha.__.'.. ___..._________.______.__.__ 31 

prclixa__..-__-_.___..____....__ .______.__. 122, pi. 51

pupoides......___.-.__..._.__.___.___.________.. 121

puschi....--________________________.___j_____ 122

quadrata.-- _.._ .___..................................... 121,123

reussi. . ,. .. .. 120-121, pi. 51 

navarroensis._-..-___________.___.....__.___ 121, pi. 51

rudita...-. . .-.-. - 122-123, pi. 51

subornata-.-.----.---.-.__......'.....__.. -_.____.-.._. 121

taylorensis.______-____________._.....______ 123-124, pi. 52

triangularis.. - __.__.........._____ 122, pi. 51

trihedra .... ....... .......-.. ............ 122, pi. 51

trinitatensis_._.._____.1..__.....:.........______ 124, pi. 52

velascoensis___._ _____»_________..________ 124, pi. 52 

Bulimina? trochoides.______"___________.........__.______ 43

Buliminella..-. . - ... _.__ -- 119-120

carseyae....____ _______.____._._.__I..... 119-120, pi. 50

plana....___..._______________.__.________ 120, pi. 50

colonensis________________________,_________ 120, pi. 50 

cushmani_-.__.....__....____....._.......______ 119, pi. 80

fabilis... . . 119, pi. 50

vitrea..___.____________________.___________ 119, pi. 50

bullata, Marginulina-_______________________________ 62, pi. 21

bnlletta, Dorothia..._____.________________1_______ 46, pi. 12

Gaudryina.-...-.. .......__...___........._ _ - 46

Bullopora-.-. .____ ____________.______________.

laevis.. -._. .... - . .__.... 98-99, pi. 42

tuberculata...____.__________. ______________ 99, pi. 42

C

oalcarata, Globotruncana..._____________.________ 151-152, pi. 62

calcula, Haplophragmoides_.___.________.___________ 19-20, pi. 2

canadensis, Gaudryina____.__________..._.________ 34, pi. 6

Neobulimina.__.________........_...............__.__ 125, pi. 52

Verneuilina______.___________.__....__.'__..__.... 31, pi. 7

canaliculata, Globigerina..._........_'.................___..__... 149

Globotruncana.- __________________..__._____ 149, 150, pi. 61 

Rosalina...__...__.___________._..._._________... 149 

ventricosa, Globotruncana--_____.___.._..__.......... 150

capitosa, Gaudryinella_.._____________ _._.... _ 40

Pscudogaudryinella___.___.__.__________________ 40, pi. 10 

serrulata, Gaudryinella__._............................_....._... 40

Pseudogaudryiffclla____..___.. .....-...________.. 40, pi. 10

caracolla, Epistomina__._________________._____ 142-143, pi. 59 

Gyrgidina .___ _-...----.-----.---._ _ 142

Pulvinulina..-..__........ .........._....... ___.___... 143

carinata, Gumbelina.____________:.....__.__________ 105, pi. 45

carseyae, Buliminella..----...-... ..-..-...-.....---..-.- 119-120, pi. 50

plana, Buliminella.. 120, pi. 50

Ventilabrella.. .. 112, pi. 48

Cassidulina__. ....._.._____________________........ 145

cretacea..---....--.----- . -.-.-...-......-- ...... ._ 145, pi. 60
INDEX 231

fage 

catonula, Dentallna............_._.__..___..__._............. 67-68, 70, pi. 23

Operculina.. . ___..__...___________.__.-. 101, pi. 44

Ccratobulimina... _____________________.________ 143

crotacoa. .... _....__......._.__________.. 143, pi. 59

charoldos corona, Olomosplra..__ ..__...._____________.. 19, pi. 2

Glomospira.. . ___..___._______________.. 19 

Chllostomolla................................................................. 146

cf. 0. ovoidca. ___________________________ 146, pi. 66 

chltlnosa, Clavulina.......................................................... 37

Psoudoclavullna. ... __.._._._______________ 37, pi. 9 

christnorf. Frondiculada.... ___..___.__________________ 92

Kyphopyxa. - . -- - . .. 92-93, pis: 38, 39

Chrysalogonlum. ...__.________... 75-76

crctaceum....... ... ___....._..___._....._____ 75-76, pi. 27

oxlmlum..._ . . ...... .. __. _ ._._________..__ 75, pi. 27

toxanum ...... . ___..___.________________ 75, pi. 27

Olbicidos.-. .. ........-....- ..................................... 159-160

bcaumontiaiia... . ... ..... _._._____._____ 160

bcaumontlanus........ ___..__..______________ 160, pi. 65

borryi. 160

constrlcta. ......................___________ 160

constrlctus. _.____-...___.___.__________ 160, pi. 65 

' cooncnsis......................................................... 159,160, pi. 65

exoolata.... . . ____....___ 141

harpcrl.............................................................. 159, pi. 65

Involuta...... .. . . ._ 160

nelson 1 ... .. .... ._____...._.... 154

rlployonsis... ........... .................. . ................... 159

stophcnsonl . .._________ 159, pi. 65 

subcarinatus . . _ : .... ________ 159-160, pi. 65

circularis, Trlloculina..._.____.._____________.__.__ 49, pi. 14 

clarkl, Frondiculada................. .................................. 92, pi. 38

clava, Flabollammina. .. _.. _....__._....______._ 24, pi. 4

clavata, Ammolagona...................................................... 19, pi. 2

BoHvIna..... ................. . I ........................ 130

Clavulina... . . _ . .._______.___ 36 

Plourostomella ....... ___..... ___________ 132-133, pi. 54

Psotidoclavulina...............N.................................. 36-37, pis. 8,9

Trocharnrnlnairrogularls...____........_..______........ 19

Wobblnn..... -........................................................ 19

clavatum, Loxostoma . .._________ 130, pi. 54 

Loxostomum. . ..... .... ..________.___ 129

Clavulina amorpha..._......_..._.__._____.....__.___ 36,37-

arenata . . . ..'.. .............._.... 37

aspora. ._ ..... ..... ...... ........_._.........__ 38

whitoi................................................................ 39

chltlnosa................................................................. 37

cjavata.......... ................... .........________ 36

comprossa._ ................._...._........_...........___ 39

dlsjuncta.__ ..........................._._...________.... 40

insignls .... __........_.___..._....._.......___...__ 38,39

parlslcnsls.__.....______....................._..........___ 36

plummorao. ... . .... . .. ._.. ... 38,40

trilatora....... . . ._-.-_ ._ . _. __ 38

nspora.. . ........... ........_...._.....___ 38

concava... ....___ ...............__._......._r 38

Clavulina, Haplostlcho........... .' . _ 16

Clavulinoldos................................................................. 38-40

aspora............................................................... 38-39,pi. 9

whitoi.............................................................. 39, pi. 9

compressa.._................1.........................._......... 39, pi. 10

dlsjuncta..._.....___....................._..._.....____ 40, pi. 10

insignls............................................................ 39-40, pi. 10

trllatcra..__ _ ___.___.________________ 38, pi. 9 

concava... _______________________.__.... 38, pi. 9

plummorao....................._...............___..__... 38, pi. 9

clavullnus, Rcophax .. .............. ....___....______ 16, pi. 1

clomontlana, Anomallna..............___._..._____....__.. 155vpl. 63

Rosallna__....__...___..___........_____..._.___ 155

clotho, Bolivlnopsls?._____.._____.....___..._....._... 103, pi. 44

Splroplocta__..._.____._. -----............................... 103

Splroploctoldos..____._______._______..______._ 103 

coal Ingonsls, Nodosarolla_______........_____.......___. 133, pi. 55

colomblana, Ammobaculitos_______................_.,..___..... 22

Oyroidina dopressa.__..__....._____............_..___. 140

Psoudogaudryinolla._____...._._.______......._._ 41, pi. 66

colpmbianus, Ammobaculitos.._____.._______............__.. 22, pi. 3

colononsls, Bullminclla........_____________....__...__ 120, pi. 50

complanata, Anomalina_.____.._________............._. 155

Poloslna..__ ____,____._________________.. 15, pi. 1 

comprossa, Amraobaculitos._______....___....__._._... 25

Bulimlna.. . ._ . __ _ 119

Clavulina.... ____.___-____________._____._'.. 39

Clavulinoldos.......................................................... 39, pi. 10

Page 

compressa, Flabellammina..........__....!_.-..-..--...__.._._. 25, pi. 4

compressum, Haplophragmium_..._____ -..____......_..__.. 25

concava, Clavulina trilatera..___________.. .. ...______.. 38 

' Clavulinoides trilatera._______.___. ........__..___ 38, pi. 9

concinna, Dorothia.... ..____..................... ..._....... 44, pi. 12

Nodosaria..__.............__.......... ...__......__.. 74

Textularia ................................................... 32,44

confluens, Dentalina.-._______...________________ 68-69, pi. 24

conica, Globotruncana... ______ _ .._..__ 151, pi.VI

plicata, Globotruncana----...--.-...-......--. ..... ............ 151, pi. 61

Truncatulinarefulgens--..-____.-. ... .,__...___ 152

Verneuilina... .._.. ... . . ..__. 44

consobrina, Dentalina cf. _____._.. _ ... __ . 69-70, pi. 24

constricta, Cibicides____.____________-..______________ 160

Baplostiche..._.- __..._.. _ . _..-...__.... ,16

Rotalia-- -- _ _........'... 160

constrictus, Cibicides.....---...........-.-----..-------...---.......-..-. 160, pi. 65.

Reophax..___.__..___.___ _ __ __. 16, pi. 1

contusa, Globotruncana area.________._ __ ___.. 150-151.pl. 62

Pulvinulina area... . ,_ 150 '

conula, Dorothia..- _.. .". . . . 44-45, pi. 12

conulus, Textularia .. .... ....-. ... 44-45

convexa, Globotruncana..-..__----..-.... ... ......._.. 149

coonensis, Anomalina _.- ................................... 159

Cibicides -- . 159,160, pi. 65

Quinqueloculina..................... .... ... 48

Reophax....__. _ .. 36

Textularia sagittula __..v.._ . ... 28 

Truncatulina--- --- -- -------------- .-.-----------------....-' 160

coprolithiforme, Ammobaculites .. . 22 

Haplophragmium.... ___._.. . . 22

coprolithiformis, Ammobaculites..___.. ...-. - ..__. 22-23, pi. 3 

cordai, Frondiculaiia. ....... ...... . 91

cordata, Frondicularia. ........ ... - ... .... 88, pi. 35

Cornuspira cretacea..------ . - ...................................... 17-18

involvens .-.- -. -- - _ .. ... ..... 18 

corona, Glomospira charoides__...-....-. ... ... 19, pi. 2

coronata,Haplophragmoides.................... ...^....................... 20,pi.2

Trochammina.-.. ..... --.. .----....-. 20

correcta, Discorbis. . . 158 

Planulina.----------------------i----------------------------------- 158, pi. 65

corsicanana, Nodosaria.' --_. .- -- 73, pi. 26

coryelli, Pullenia -- - 146,147, pi. 60

costata, Textularia . 108

costifera.Bolivinita..- - - -- ------ 115,pi. 49

Frondicularia cuspidata._.. ... * 89, pi. 36 

costulata, Gumbelina:.. . . -r -- - 108, pi. 46

Pseudoglandulina.._....... ..--... . .... . 160

.cretacea, Ammodiscus._..._. . . - 18 

Cassidulina- 145, pi. 60

Ceratobulimina.. - - :.----- 143, pi. 59

Cornuspira... .-.- - --- - 17-18 

Eouvigerina... -- .-_.. --- ----- -_. _ .... 115

Globotruncana -- - - 151, pi. 62

GUmbelitria - -------.---------.---- -------------- 103, pi. 44

Marginulina... 61, pi. 21

Nonlonella : 101, pi. 43

Operculina.. 17 

Pseudouvigerina... ...... 117, pi. 49

Pullenia.- 146-147, pi. 60

Rectogilmbelina-. . -110, pi. 47

Rotalia 138,139

Siphogenerinoides_ ..... , -- 118, pi. 50

Spiroloculina.___ .. 49, pi. 14

: Vaginulina......... 80, pi. 30

gracilis. .. .. 80

Valvulinerla..... 138-139, pi. 57

cretaceum, Chrysalogonium... . 75-76, pi. 27 

. Nonion....... . -- 100

cretaceus, Ammodiscus.. 17-18, pi. 1 

cretosa, Bolivina 128, pi. 53

Spiroplectamminalaevis... . 27-28, pi. 6 

Verneuilina ' - 31, pi. 7

Cribrostomoides .- -- 22

trinitatensis_._ .. ... 22, pi. 3

crinita, Dentalina 69, pi. 24

Cristellaria bistegia.............. ..... ... ........ 76

cultrata_....... .. ......... . 51

decorata. 63 

gibba. 53

grata.. . 

lineara . 

macrodisca. 

munsteri-..
232 INDEX

Crtstellaria navarroensis. 

navicula.. . ......

nuda.

Page

51

56

. 56

oligostegia..... . .. .. ..... 54 

recta..--..-- ----------.---.---!------------- 60

reniformis..--...-- .... . ... .. ... 57

sternalis. 54 

^Subalata.. .. ...-.. 55

triangularis. ----- . ... . .. .. 58

tricarinella__.. ------ ... .-.. ^ 57

williamsoni..__...__..__..-. .. .._ 54 

cultrata, Cristellaria.. ._____--.. _. ..--- 51

cuneata, Heterostomella. ___ 42, pi. 11 

curvata, Heterostomella.___ . .... .. 42, pi. 11

curta, ElHpsopleurostomella..__...-.-...----. .._ ........ 133, pi. 55

curvata, Heterostomella cuneata..__---------- .._..........f.. 42, pi. 11

curvatura, Marginulina ----- . _ - 63, pi. 22

cushmani. Buliminella. .___. .. . . 119, pi. 50 

Flabeliina.. .........................................................:. 82

Frankeina-___--..________ i.^ . ... 25, pi. 4 

Globorotalia.-.-.--.-.-.-.-..-.---.- ...--,-----.-.-.-.-..-.......- 152, pi. 62

Kyphopyxa.... ...... . . . .-. 93> ph 3fc

Loxostoma...___...___-.-.. - .... ... 129, pi. 53

Palmula--- - - - 82, pi. 32

cuspidatacostifera, Frondicularia...---.- 89, pi. 36 

Frondlcularia.---------_.........I---......-------..------.-.....-.. 89, pi. 36

cuyleri, Pseudopolymorphina . .. . 98, pi. 41 

Cyclanimina.-,---_-------__. -... .' --..-. . 26

elegans -___ .. 26, pi. 6 

cylindracea, GJandulina ... ...'. ... 77

Nodosaria..___________...- .- ----- ....-.;.__- 76

'(Glandulina).- ----- -- --- - -I - 77

Pseudoglandulina ----------------------- 76-77, pi. 27

cylindricus ripleyensis, Rcophax . .. .... 36

cylindroides, Polymorpm'na...._ ..____________ 97

Pyrulina. .... . ...-- ..... . .... .. 97, pi. 40

D 

Darbyella brownstownensis...... . _____ 160

decorata, Bolivina 113 

Bolivinoides....- . - : .. 113, pi. 48

Cristellaria....---. .. .... _r . _ . ____._ 63

Marginulina-- . - . ..__..- 63 

Cf:---------.-----_.-.--.--... ___ - _..__....... 63-64,.pi. 21

delicatula, Bolivinoides________'.............................. 113, pi. 48

decurrens, Bolivina. _ -..................--... .._ 127, pi. 53

Orammostomum?-.______________________________ 127

delicatula, Bolivinoides decorata_ ..__.______________ 113, pi. 48

Dentalina.. . __ ___ 70, pi. 25

denisonensis, Flabellammina.. __...._____ 160

Dentalina...--..-.-.--_._.-...-...-------....---.-.-.__................ 64-70

aculeata__.__....-___..._ __-....____...._.. 66, pi. 26

alternata.. ....' .1.._ . . ___.___ 64-65, pi. 22 

angusti.costata ___ ..-. ..___.__I__ 70, pi. 24 

annulata.____'...................................................... 68,136

basiplanata... .-._ 68, pi. 24 

. subsetigera.. .. ... ...._...-._.__ 160

basitorta. .._ . _._._ -.. ________ 66-67, pi. 23 

catenula..____________'__._____ _________ 67-68,70, pi. 23 

confluens. _.--..__________.________________ 68-69, pi. 24 

crinita: . . .._ ..__ 69, pi. 24 

dclicatula.__..__._____.._____..______...._ 70, pi. 25

fallax........_.........................._...........__..._.... 6f, pi. 23

gracilis _ . ...__ . ... ___.___ 65-66, pi. 23 

involvcns. ... .. ...__ 64, pi. 22

legumen. 65, pi. 23

spirans....________________.____________.. 66 

lorneiana.__________________________.______ 66, 75, pi. 23

spirans...-_ .-'..______ .._ ___________ 66, pi. 23 

megalopolitana___.___.._________---...___...__... 67, pi. 23 

mUlticostata. ____________*___________________ 67, pi. 23 

nana. : . .. .,_____ 65 

pertinens_______.________.......__'..............._ 70,ipl. 24

pinnigera._........___.._________....__..__.....__. 64

reflexa.. ..._...________...________:_._-_______.. 66, pi. 23 

reussi__..__...__....____.........__.--.._....___. 68

solvata __________________________'................ 69, pi. 24

cf. D. adolphina._______________________________._ 136 

cf. D. consobrina......___________.______________ 69-70, pi. 24

sp 70, pi. 25

dentalinoides, Haplostiche_.._____..__--..-.._."._....___. 16

Reophax_____________________________.___.__ 16, pi. 1 

dentata, Srjiroplectammina__.____......________........._ 27, pi. 5

' Textularja................................................................ 27

Page

dentata-glabrata, Ellipsonodosarial____ . 1_ . _.. 136, pi. 56

depressacolombiana, Oyroidina..______________ .__.. 140

Gyroidina 139-140, pi. 58

Rotalina. --___..--..__......_._._....--..-__.......----... 139

diagonis. Haplophragmoides...._____...------.-.--..-- . - 49

Trochammina.______.______i..^.s...-.-..-..-.^-.^.^.^...^... 49^50» pi. 16 

diflaugiformis, Proteonina. ...__ . . ....... 16,-pi. 1

Reophax._______________________ __ 16 

digitata, Polymorphina__.______...... ___ . - 98

Pseudopolymorphina-------______.-_-...-__ .. . 98; pi. 40

dimidia, Frondicularia................__...^.^......................... 92, pi. 38

Frondicularia angusta. __ _______ §§ 

Dimorphina saxipara.___________._______ __ l3i 

directa, Marginulina austinana______________.._____ 68, pi. 20 

Discorbina allomorphinoideB . ........ 138

JDiscorbis allomorphinoides.......___ _ -.--- . ----- 136

correcta. ___=..=.________..._........-....-...................... 158

ripleyensts___________..._...__-----_-....-~....-..-......... 143

dlscrepans, Robulina...._ ..-..-..-..-..-..-..-..--.- -._-..-..-.................. 64

Robulus. ,--;. - i- __.... 64, pi. 17

discreta, Rhabdammiha_____________\.____. ___ 14, pi. 1

disjuhcta, Clavulina.._____..._____________.-.-..__..- 40

Clavulinoides_.___________-.__________________.. 40, pi. 10

dissona, Planularia...________________.__-----___.- 67, pi. i9

santanderensis, Planularia..________.._________ 57, pi. 66

dissonus, Astacolus..... . _ . 57

distans, Nodosaria._______._______________..._____ 71, pi. 26

Dorothea...__.._____.. _-.-.-. . : - 44-47

alexanderi..__....._________..--.-..-_.__ . 45, pi. 12

bulletta.-... __----- 46, pi. 12

concinna_ ... .. 44, pi. 12 

conula..__----.--..---.-------.._-..----....-.-.- ---.-.--... 44-45, pi. 12

glabrata 46-47, pi. 13

glabrella.. 45, pi. 12

pontoni.:____________________________________-- 46, pi. 12 

retusa. 46,' pi. 13

stephensoni.. ..____ __ ............. 45, pi. 12

cf. D. filiformis..._______.-...........-.-.....--..------- ____ 47

dorsata, Marginulina-----.-..__-.--.-.-. __.-.-....---------------- 60, pi. 20

draco, Bolivinoides.______________________... . 113 

dubia, ?Kalam6psis_____________i_____.__... - 14 

dunbari, Frondicularia.--__..______ . . 86, pi. 34

E

eaglefordensis, Anomalina..-.__________...___..__._.. - 156 

Planulina._______ ................................... ........... 156, pi. 64

Eggerella.-.:.---..-.....--..-.--..-...._ ._..._..._._..... 43

Eggerella? trochoides._________.'_______....................... 43, pi. 12

eggeri g'abrata, Ventilabrella______.___ .....*_.._....... 111--112, pi. 4?

Haplophragmoides_....___..___...._._.._....._...____.---. .20, pi. 2

Ventilabrella.- ......-.-......... .. ..... Ill, pi. 4?

elegans, Bulimina...__....___________....__........... A.... 123

CyclamminaT -- .-.. ... _...... ............... 26, pi. 5

varians, Pseudotextularia...._..._ .________..-.._.__....... 110

eleyi, Bolivinita_______._......._..____....____..... 114, pi. 48

Ellipsoglandulina_____...._ ..__...._.._.-...__._..... 137

exponens_____.-.-.. ............................................ 137, pi. 56

velascoensis______._____.__________.'________- 137, pi. 56

Ellipsoidina exponens...___.______________.-..________.__ 137 

subnodosa......_____---.--------..-_-...._....._.__.-.-.. _ 137

Ellipsonodosaria___.____._________.__...._________ 134-137

alexanderi____.........____________.....___.... 135, pi. 56

impensia.___________________.___.__.____- 136, pi. 56 

dentata-glabrala._____________________.________ 136, pi. 56 

exilis..._________.___________.___.________ 135, pi. 56 

horridens...--...--.---.--.----.-.-......----....-..-...-.-.....--..- 136, pi. 56

minuta.......'_______________________._________ 134, pi. 56

pesiidoseripta_....__.....__..-...-.--...-__.._.'....... 135, pi. 56

stephensoni.---.-.----._..____........___.__.._.. 134-135, pi. 56

speciosa..... ............._.......-.-.-..__-.........-...- 135', pi. 56

subnodosa...__.__..__.._______......_______.__- 137, pi. 56

sp..............-............i........................................ 137, pi. 56

Ellipsonodosaria? granti................._......................_..... 136, pi. 56

jarvisi..__._____.___...._____....______.. 136-137, pis. 24, 56

Ellipsopleurostomella_..._..............._....__........_.......-.- 133

curta _-_...-_---.___.__.__.___.______________ 133, pi. 55

elliptica?, Palmula.._________.___________._________ 85, pi. 32

ellisorac, Gaudryina (Pseudogaudryina)._._______,_...._____ 35-36, pi. 8

Marssonella_____.................._...__..........__...... 44, pi. 12

Tritaxia...._.--_--.________.__.....______._________ ____._________._ - 32, pi. 7

elongata, Bqlivma....._.._._____.._.._ ___- .___....... 127

Bulimina.__...._;_.___......__._____.________._ 121

Frondicularia_.._..............___................................. 921

Hyperammjna......:___.___.... -......_._........_ \5<. pi. I
INDEX 233

Page 

elongata, Marglnullna._.. ____.... 61

Cf....................-.. ._.--..._-.......-. ............. 60-61, pi. 21

Planuliiria........................................................'.... 57, pi. 20

Tcxtllariiv.................................................................. 127

onsis, Homicristollaria......______........___.. ...-. ... 62

Entosolonia__..........___..........__.............................. 126

margiiiata.......___.__.-_.___-.--__-..._......_-_._-.---.__--------.- 126, pi. 52

orbignyana....____._____*__.___.................... 126, pi. 52

Eouvlgcrina._.___....._.__...___._.______..._.__ 115-116

aculoattt.......-........--.---.-----......-.. -.- ......... 116, pi. 49

amcricana_...._...... ...__........ ... .-...-.... 115, pi. 49

austinana.........______________.___ .__........ 116, pi. 49

crotacca................_._..___......___......... ...i. 115

gonoao. ______. _______________.._---._____- 116, pi. 49 

graoilis..........................-...-.._*.....-. -.-----. --i.- 115, pi. 49

hisplcla................... .-. . .__ ...-...---. ...... 115-116, pi. 49

pltimmorao.______..__________.. ____'--- 116, pi. 49

oplgoua lata, Rzohakina._.. .... ____. ___ . 47, pi. 14

Rzohakina.......___.. ........._________ .. 47

Eplstornlna............................................................. - 142-143

caracolla.....................................___....__....'142-143, pi. 59

Epouiclcs.___________________________.______--.- 142 

haidingorii....................................................... 141,142, pi. 57

micholiniaua.._______........_________ ___ 152

simplex.________________________.______ '........ 142, pi. 57

Eponiclos? spinoa......................................... .......... 142, pi. 57

owakll, Orthocorina.____________________.._______ .... 118

Siphogcncriuoidos..___________________________118-119, pi. 60 

oxcavata, Haplophragmoidcs. ________ .... . 21, pi. 2

oxcolatapCibicides...___... . ____.'___ ______.... 141

OUmbclina...... .__. ..-..-. ............................ 108-109, pi. 46

Oyroidina..________________________._________ 141 

Splroplectanunina...__.....__.._________ ____..^... 27, pi. 5

StcnsiSlna.................._..__..............._.............. 141, pi. 66

Toxtularia.____________________________..___ 27

Truncatulina..__________..___________..___ 141

oxigua, Buliinlna....______.________________.____ 122, pi. 51

oxills, Ellipsonodosarla____________..______________ ]35, pi. 56 

oximiuin, Ohrysalogonium.....__.._____________________ 75, pi. 27

oxpllcata, Bolivlna.........................._i..........._........... 129, pi. 53

oxponens, Ellipsoglandnlina________________________ 137, pi. 56 

Ellipsoidina.....;........................................................ 137

oxtehsa, Frondlcularla..._____.____________________ 86, pi. 34 

extrua,tus, Bobulus navarroensls.....!-.__________.._____ 52, pis. 16, 17

F 

fabllis, Bullmlnolla........._................_........_............. 119, pi. 50

fallax, Dontalina._______________________________ 66, pi. 23 

faujasi, Oaudryina.______________________'........... __ 32-33, pi. 7

Toxtilarla.________________________:_________ 32 

favosa, Flabcllina_......___________________________. 84

flllformis, Dorothia cf.________________________________ 47

Qaudrylna.______________________________'..___ 32

flmbriatula, Rotalla.___________________._______.. 142, pi. 58

Flabollammina._________________________________ 24-25

brachylocula...._____________________________. 160

clava......... . .. ........ . .__........______..._N. 24, pi. 4

comprossa.. _________________________.'.___ 25, pi. 4 

donisoncnsls._.___._____________________.___ 160 

niagna.............................................'..................... 25, pi. 4

rugosa............_..__. ...-.---._'__..__................._.. 24-25, pi. 4

saratogaonsis. ___ ________________________ 24, pi. 3 

Flabcllina cushraani_______________________________ 82

favosa.........._______._____________________.. 84

interpunctata.....__ ..__.______________________ 83,85

Jarvisl.... ..... ......... .........................._._._.... 85

projccta. ________________________.._____ 83 

roticulata ..._____i________________________ 84,85 

rugosa.......... .... ... ..........___._._..........__ 82,83

semlrotlculata.._______________________________ 85

suturalls.._________________________:_________ 82

fiaglorl, Haplophraginoides__________________________ 22, pi. 66

floroalls, Oyroidina____________________,._____..___ 144

Pulvinulinclla?..___ T _______________________ 144-145, pi. 59

fooda, Oaudryina..._________________________.. 32, pi. 7

Toxtularia..._________________________________ 32 

fontannosl volascoonsls, Nodosaria.______________________ 73 

foiHlnonso. HaplophraRmoidcs.__ :.......................................... 20

fornlcata, Olobotruncana..________________________'.. 149, pi. 61

fossata, Frondicularia vernoulllana____________________. 90, pi. 36

fovoolata, Hotorostomella...______________________ 41,42, pi. 11

Trltaxla....._________________________________ 42

fragmontnrla, Ammobaculltes.._____________________.___ 23 

fraginentarius, Ammobaculites.._____._._........._........... 23, pi. 3

Page 

frankel, Frondicularla.._.... . .. .- .... 89, pis. 35, 36

Frankeina.___________________.__.________________ 25-26

cushmani.______... . ... 25, pi. 4

rugostssima._________________________... . 25-26, pi. 4

taylorensis..______...__________..___- _ 25, pi. 5

fraseri. Haplophragmoldes... ___ 21, pi. 3

Frondicularia........................_..........._....... .... .... 85-92

aclis.................. ._.-... _. .._._... ............. 87, pi. 34

angusta__________...________..____ ___ 89

dimidia______________________________________ 92

archiaciana............_..........._............_... .:.. 91, 92, pi. 37

strigillata......-.....-..-........-.-...-.__....... ......._ 89

arkadelphiana.......... ........._..... ....____... -. 91-92, pi. 37

austinana-___________________________________ 86, pi. 33 

baudouiniana________________..______ ... ____ 83 

christneri.________ _______......____ _._ 92

clarkl................................................................. 92, pi. 38

cordai.____________________________ ___ 91

cordata..___________________________... _ 88, 

cuspidata_____________________________.__.__ 89,

costifera.-._____: _ ___.. 89, 

dimidia___.________________________________ 92, 

dunbarl_________________..________......... 86,

elongata.'._________._______________ . .......

extensa..._______.._______..______ ... 86, 

frankei-__________________________________ 89, pis. 

glabrans..___________________________......_.._ 91,

goldfussi .... ............................................. 87-88, pis.

gracilis._________ ___ . ____ __ 8£ 

intermittens....-.....-...-....-...-..-.-...--....-.....-.....-...- 88-89,

inversa. __________..______________________. 86, 88, 

jarvisi.______.______________________________ 92, 

lanceola____..._...._..-...---.-----.-...._.._-------- 85,89,

bidentata....---..-----.-..--.....-.----..-.-..-..-..-....-.-.- 85-86,

linearis__...___.....___.........___..____.._..... 88,

linguiformis_____._....^_._.__._______ . 89-90,

microdisca..___________...____.-..__....._.._... 90,

mucronata._______ ___,.. --.._.__.. --... 87, 

projecta.._______..........___ ___. .........

reticulata________-------___...........__..__ .......

striatula______________________.___________ 90-91, 

undulosa___-_____._______________ _ 87, 

verneuiliana__-..-----......______.....___...... 88, 90,

bidentata____.__.._*_ ...__ _...

fossata________.___.____________...__.__ 90, 

waters!___________.__._____________________ 91, 

cf. F. interpunctata___.._____...._____________.. 

sp. ........................................................... 92,

pi. 35 

pi. 36 

pi. 36 

pi. 38 

.pi. 34 

92

pi. 34 

35, 36 

pi. 37 

34,35 

', 90,92 

pi. 35 

pi. 33 

pi. 38 , 

pi. 33 

pi. 33 

pi. 35 

pi. 36 

pi. 36 

pi. 34

83

84

pi. 37 

pi. 34 

pi. 36

85

pi. 36 

pi. 37 

84,85 

pi. 38 

110

97 

pi. 26

fruticosa, GUmbelina.____.__._____________________ 

fusiformis, Polymorphina__.........___..........___..-..--_.....

fusula, Nodosaria...-..-.-__....__..___.__...__........... 71-72,

Q

Qaudryina.__________..______.___________________ 32-36 

bearpawensis___..__....__.'__........__...............__ 34, pi. 7

bentonensis._____.._____..____...__.-..__... 33, pi. 7 

bulletta._____........._..--..__._._-_.___--_..-..._._.._-.__-.__.-.__.. 46

canadensis_______.-. _________-...-.__. .._.____ 34, pi. 6 

faujasi..'_____________\_________________.__ 32-33, pi. 7 

filiformis.--_--...-..-.---.--...---_______..._.______.._ 32 

foeda...__------_--._.-^--------__...._.._____.._.. 32, pi. 7

indentata_______.....__________..___.._____ 44

io......:................................. ........................... 33, pi. 7

laevigata..._______._______._______________ 33, pi. 8

pyramidata_____..________._.____ ___ 36 

minima.._________...._______.________.........____ 34

navarroana_____.____________________________ 33, pi. 7 

oxycona..________..______..__._______..._____ 43 

painoides.--.------.--.._______..___________.____.. 34,-pi. 7

(Pseudogatidryina) ellisorae_______________________ 35-36, pi. 8

pyramidata_. ___._____.___________________ 36, pi. 8 

quadrans_________..______..____..______... 35, pi. 8 

retusa.________________.*.___________________ 46 

rudita.....................__.............._....._............. 34-35, pi. 7

rugosa.._____:________________________.____ 32,34 

(Siphogaudryina) austinana.._______________._______ 35, pi. 8

stephensoni...____........___.__________..__... 35, pi. 8

stephensoni___..________..._..._______________ 35

trochoides...___________.._____..._____________ 46

velascoensis.-______________ __________________ 124

Oaudryinella__________________._____________.__ 36

capitosa....__....___...______...._____________ 40

serrulata._______._____________________:___ 40 

mollis....___..__,____,__.,..,.,,,.. ... ________. 40
234 INDEX

Page

Qaudrinella, pseudoserrata._____.._____________._____ 36, pL 8 

gemma, Bolivina.... .... . : . . . . ...... 129

gemmum, Loxostoma.- __-._............._.. _,._........ 129-130, pi. 54

geneae, Eouvigerina. -...-...- .1-.. ..... ... 116, ph 49

gibba, Cristellaria.. ... .. . S3

Polymorphina... ...--.-.... ....1 -.- .-.....-.-.. - 96

gigantia, Pleurostomella subnodosa....__________...._-___ 132, pi. 55

gigas, Haplophragmoides- . ....... 21, pi. 3

girardana, Qyroidina..._..__ .__... _ .__... 140-141, pi. 58 

Eotalina..____ __.__. __... .-_.__ . ........... 140

glabra, Haplophragmoides......._ ..... ...__... .. _ 20, pi. 2

glabrans, Frondicularia._______..___._______..._____. 91, pi. 37 

Gtimbelina - -- - - _ -. - 109, pi. 46

glabrata, Dorothia _- -_ _- .- __ - 46-47, pi. 13

Pulvinulinella.....___..__...__.._..__I......__....... 144, pi. 59

Ventilabrellaeggeri........................__.................. 111-112, pi. 47

glabratus, Ammodiscus. ... ..^. ...--....___.... ..._,.____-- 17, pi. 1

glabrella, Dorothia.... ...__. ._ _...... ... 45, pi. 12

Glandulina cylindracea __..._ .... ...._.... ..... .. 77

lagenoides.---. ... . -.-..- -..----..... . _ . 76

manifesta....... ----------------- .-..---..-..... * ^ ......... 76

parallela. . . , ^ 77

pygmaea ...- ...=., . 76

globifera, Ottmbelina..........-.--..-.- _.-..-.-.-...-...-.----.--......... 103,106

Textllaria.. ---. ..--....--.-.. - ... .... ...-. .-.- . 106

Globigerina canaliculata.._.___..___________._____; .. 149 

rosctta__----- --...--.-_-----------_._...-----.-------.----. 150

trochoides._.__________.-_______________._____ 43,145 

globigeriniforme, Haplophragmium.. __..._______.._ __- .. 51 

globigeriniformis, Lituola______...__. _______... _.__........ 51

Trochammina_..---...-__..-.-._;............................. 51, pi. 15

globocarinata, Giimbelina.___,_________:...________ 107-108, pi. 46 

Globorotalia . - - -- - - _ - 152-'l54,

cushmani. -.. _ __ ...- .._____..-..-....-__ 152, pi. 62

greenhornensis ..--___ .. .. ______._-._... .-... 159

membranacea.__ ______..___.__.______..__. 152-153, pi. 63 

micheliniana___.-.__.-.._.._____.'.____________ 152, pi. 63 

subconlca..-. ... __-...-. --...-.-__.__.__-_.-.. ....._. 153, pi. 63

umbilicata.- .. . ._: ............. 153, pi. 63

velascoensis.....---.-..---.--...---..-..-..-.........-. ...... 153-154, pi. 63

Globorotalia? multiloculata.._____________.______.__ 163, pi. 62

globosa, Gyroidina. . _..__..___.______.________ 140, pi. 68

Lagena cf____ --____...-__________.__'........... 95, pi. 39

Nonionina_____-_________________.___.______._ 140 

Rotalia... - .. : _. .___ 140

Globotruncana..--.-- ......._ ___.________............... 149-152

area-- - . - 150,151,153, pi. 62

contusa___._________.__...____.____.. 150-151, pi. 62 

calcarata.....-...---------.--.-.--.--.-.------............,...... 151-152, pi. 62

canaliculata-___ _____ ________________ 149,150, pi. 61 

ventricosa.----..__.___ .____________________ 150

conica........... ...... .--.-.--.-.-.-.......-......-.-.-.--... 151, pi. 61

plicata . _ _...___..________._____ 151, pi. 61 

convexa.... . T ...........................__.._ _.._ 149

cretacea. .. ... .. ___;.__.....____ 151, pi. 62

fornicata... ... _____-.___.'________________ 149, pi. 61

marginata. .. _ ... ..______,_____ 150, pi. 62

ventricosa-..-. ... _ _ __________.____ 150, pi. 62

globo-tubulosa, Eamulina._____.___________________ .100, pi. 43

globulifera, Hormosina...____________'_______________ 17, pl.ll

Globulina ...__..--.-..........-..-.......-.__...__....;...._.._ 96-97

horrlda.... ._____._^___.........._____._...__ 97

lacrlma.. ... ...___________________ 96, pi. 40 

horrida... ______._____________________ 97, pi. 40 

subsphaerica..-._______.__.______.....____ 96-97, pi. 40

prfsca -.. ... ... ........._.._ _ .... -97, pi. 40

globulosa, Giimbelina__'....................................... 103,105-106, pi. 45

Textilaria..._________________________________ 105

Textularia. __ _____.___________________;__ 104

Glomospira.... . ___._.______________________ 18-19

charoides...........________________.._____.__ 19

corona. ______._____________________ 19, pi. 2 

gordialis....... __ . .. _ ............._..__ 18-19, pi. 1

GoBsella _.. .. _____._.*___________________ 47

rugulosa.. .. _______.______ 47, pi. 13

goldfussi, Frondicularia____________________.'___ 87-88, pis. 34,35

gordialis, Glomospira.- .______..__. ____________ _ 18-19, pi. 1

Troch&mmina squamata...._____________..___.___ 18

gracilis cretacea, Vaginulina..__________________________ 80 

Dentalina. ___ ___________________________ 65-66, pi. 23 

Eouvigerina... __________:__________________ 115, pi. 49 

Frondicularia_______________________________ 89,90,92 

Vaginulina. . L_____-__-_____________._____ 81 

gracilitatis, Nodpsaria______________._..1................... 72, pi. 26

gfacillima, Nodosarella.... . . .. . 134, pi. 55

Gfammostomum? decurrens. 1 . i. 127 

granti, Ellipsonodosaria?............ ^.................................... 136, pi. 56

Nodosaria ~ 136

grata, Cristellaria.... .... .-.-.-... .-....... - -;.-- fe

Lenticullna--- - -- --------- ..--.... fe

M&rgmuiina.. ^ ^- -^- ^ -- - - -- - 63

greenhornensis, Globorotalia...__.-.......-----.-: . ._.__._..----- 159

Planulina..----.__............___'.. .. . .... . - 159, pi. 65

grosserugosa, Anomalina 156

Gambelina......... ... -........ - - . . 103-109

acervulinoides.. 111 

carinata_.- - ................................................. 105, pi: 45

costulata 108, pi. 46

excolata........................................................... 108-109, pi. 46

fruticosa.. -- HO 

glabrans....... . - 109, pi. 46

globifera 103,106

globocarinata.._______ ____________________ 107-108, pi. 46 

globulosa......_-___--.-__.__.__----__-____ 103,105-106, pi. 45

moremani___ . . 103, pi. 44

. planata...__________________ --___ _ 105, pi. 45

plummerae.-.-. ' 104, pi. 45

pseudotessera.... _ - ------ ..... .... ... 106-107, pi. 45

punctulata --------------- .. ----- ............ 108, pi. 46

pupa.-...___. . ... -. . ...... 106,107

reussi-. .____ .... ..... - .......... . 104, pi. 44

semicostata.-__.- ._...__._... . ....... 107, pi. 46

spinifera... ..___...___....._-..-..- .- ..._... -- 108, pi. 46

striata... 104-105, pi. 45

tessera....___.............___..... .. ................. 106,109

ultimatumida ... ........ -.-......-... 107, pi. 46

velascoensis-_.... 114

Gumbelitria - - 103

cretacea.._.__-.._...... . ... ... ........ .- 103, pi. 44

gutta, Polymorphina... .*-*m.i.i-*.*... . . 97 

Guttulina._ ................^.^.^**..^.--...-- .-.-..i---..!...--^--.-.-. §6=98

adhaerens _*...=.;...... . ^.i. ^ .. 96; pL 40

problema..;._. ..,.-............,_.. ......_ - - - §6

trigomila __-----_---------___ i- ..... 9546; pi. 46

gyroides, Trochammthft .....*.........^............................... 56, pi. 15

Gyroidina... , . . ... - 139-141

alabamensls.--.. . - . - ..... 152

arkadelphiana ............ ....... ........ _.. ..... 141, pi. 58

beisseli... . . 141? pi. 58

caracolla... ~ 142 

depressa.'-- - - 139-140, pi. 58

colombiana..--.__ -.___ .- .. . 140 

excolata.. 141

florealis____-- .. .. 144

girardana.- 140-141, pi. 68

globosa.. _. ........................... 140, pi. 58

micheliniana_.. .. . -. ... '---- 152

naranjoensis-..., __ ^..............'.............. 140

nitida .... . ............................... .... 137,140, pi. 58

simplex_..__ .. ____ .... .. . 142

umbilicata-__. _______.__.. ....__..................... 139

haidingerii, Eponides. ... ... . ...._.............. 141,142, pi. 57

Kotalina -.............................................................. 142

Hantkenina multispinata._..._______._________________ 148 

trituberculata... __.______________...__________ 148

Haplophragmium--. .._.__________________________ 26 

compressum ....____.. .:____________.. 25

coprolithiforme.. ____________________________ 22

globigeriniforme--.-.._.________.__________________ 51 

murchisoni..._ _....._______.....^........................... 25

taylorense.-. ... ______ ...___.._________ 26, pi. 5 

taylorensis_._ __..__________________________ 26

Haplophragmoides.-- .---.-.-._.__._...________...___.. 19-20 

calcula.. . ___ ___._.______ 19-20, pi. 2 

coronata.. ... -._____.____ ._________ 20, pi. 2 

diagonis.. _- _ _______ ______-__________ 49

egperi. 20, pi. 2

excavata.____ _____.____.________________ 21, pi. 2 

flagleri.......... . ................................_......... 22, pi. 66

fontinense.._.. __.. .____.._ __...________ 20

fraseri_ -.................................'..............1________ 21, pi. 3

gigas . - . - . ...... ............... 21, pi. 3

glabra.._. ... ._ __... ___..__....__ 20, pi. 2

kirki.- . . .21-22, pi. 2

ragosa.... . _.___ _.___............. 20-21, pi. 2

cf. subglobosum...,.^ .._,. ._______.________________ 20,
INDEX 235

Page

Saplophragtholdos, sp. ____ , __ ,. __ « ___ , _ . _ , __ *__. __ ... 21 

fiaplosticho clavulina..... ................................ ..^. ............ .... 16

cohstricta. ........,______.....___.,._.,_____,_._._______._._.___ 16

doatailnoldes. _______________ , _____________ 16

har'pori, Atiomaliiia. ... _________________________ 159

Cibicidos... ...... .....--'............... ............................. 159, pi. 65

hastata, Bigtiioriiia ................................. ...^........ ....... 30, pi. 6

Eastlgofinolla... ................. _ ...................................... 147-148

altoaiidori..... ....................................................... 148, pi. 61

mortimahl .. .. __ ________ .... _________ _ ___ 147-148, pi. 61

fiastlgcrlnolla, Simple* ____ , _________ . _ ..... _____ '.. _ 148, pi. 61

watorsl...... ......................................................... 148, pi. 61

....................................... ................^....... 62

bohbesti, Anomalifla ................................................ iSS, pi. 64

Hotoroholix..... ________________ . _ . ____ . ______ ,. 101

amoricana. _ _ ...... ________ . ___________ .. 101, pL 44

Hetorostomolla... __ - ____ . _____ . __ 'l ........................ 41-42

amcrlcana ___ . _ .' ________________________ 41-42, pi. 11 

aust Inarm..... .... _ ........... _ ............... _ ......... ___ 41, pi. 11

boynensis. . ..... ___ . ___ . ___ . __ . _____ 41, pi. 11

cunoata. . _____ . __ . ___ . ________ 42, pi. n 

curvata..-.-.-.........-................. c ........ ................ 42, pi. 11

fovoolata. . . . _ .. .. ________ . ___________ 41, 42, pi. 11

moxicana. __ ... ________ . __________ ... ____ . __ 42, pi. 11 

hoxagona, Lagena....... _ .. _ _ .................................... 95, pi. 39

hlsplda, Eouvigorina..... .... __ ... __ . ___ . __ ." _____ 115-116, pi. 49

Lagona......... .........1. ......................................... 93-94, pi. 39

hispidula, RoctogQmbolina.. ......................................... __ 109, pi. 46

Hormoslna..... ... . _____ . __ . __ . ____________ 17

globulifora.. ........................................................... 17, pi. 1

horrida, Olobullna.... .... . .......................................... 97

Globulina laorlma.... ................................................ 97, pi. 40

horridons, Ellipsonodosarla..... ..................................... 136, pi. 56

humjlis, Marglnullna. ................ __ ..................... _ .... _ . 63, pi. 22

Nodosarla.. _ _ . __ ........ ____ . _________ 76

Hypcrammina.... _ _ . _________ . __ ... ________ 15

olongata....... ......__........_.._.__.__._._.___._._____,.___;__.______ 15, pl..l

ramosa... __ ... _____ ... __________________ 15 

Hyperammlna? sp. __ . _ . ______ ...... _ ....'... ______ . _ 15, pi. 1

impensla, Ellipsonodosarla alexandcrl...... . ..... ... 136, pi. 56

incorta, Polymorphina.... ...__.............._._ .......___. 97

Psoudopolymorphina..____ .___........._.____.___ 97-98, pi. 41

Inolsa, BuHmlna.... .. .........-.--.-..--.---.--.-- -----.-- 124, pi. 52

inconstantla, Marglnulina............-......-...... .-...- .....-.... 59, pi. 20

incrassata, Bolivina...........-.............-.-....-........-.------.-... 127, pi. 53

lata, BoHvina..... 127

llmoncnsis, Bolivina.. . .... 131

incruatata, Psoudoclavullna amorpha...... . . 37, pi. 9

Indontata, Oaudryina...... '................ ...... .. ...... 44

Marssonolla.... .. ... 44, pi. 12

infroquons, Valvullnorla. .................^............................... 138, pi. 57

inslgnls. Olavulina............................... ................ ....... 38,39

OlavuIInoidos.......__..........__......-......-....--- . 39-40, pi. 10

intorcostata, Nodosaria............. ............ .. .. 64

intermedia, Marginullna_ ......... . 61

intfermittcns, Frondlcularia.--.--.------.-..-.--.-.-.--.--.-------.---- 88-89, pi. 35

intcrpunctata, Flabollina.. - -- -- 83,85

Frondlcularlacf.-.. - - 84,85

invorsa, Frondicularia....................-.....-.......-........ 86,88, pi. 33

involuta, Clblcldos... .-. -- .... . . ... 160

involvoiis, Cornusplra__ ... - - 18

Dontallna... . - ----- -- - 64, pi. 22

io, Gaudryina.................--.-....-.-------.---.----------------- ... 33, pi. 7

Irrogularls clavata, Trochammina_ .. . 19

Noobulimina....... ................. .... .. . 125-126, pi. 52

Trochamminoldes.._ ...... ............. . . 20

Irrogularitor, Lituola...........................-.......--..-.-.-----. 26-27, pi. 5

isldls, Robulus... 54, pi. 17

Italloa, Saraconaria...... . - - - --- -- - 58

Jarvisi, Ellipsonodosaria?........ .....-. 136-137, pis. 24, 56

Flabollina... .. . 85

Frondlcularia - -- ----- --------------- - 92, pi. 38

Marglnulina..--.......-..-....----.-..--------.--....-------.--------- 63, pi. 22

Nonion .......... . 100, pi. 43

Palmula...................... .. . 85, pi. 31

Pullonia... .......... ; . . 147, pi. 60

Spiroploctammina... - - 29, pi. 6 

Trltaxia.................._ .... .._.. 31-32, pi. 7

Page 

jonesl, Lenticulina_____________________________ 55-56, pi. 18

Marginulma.----__________..________....______. 64 

juncea, Marginulma_________.___________________ 59, pi. 20

Spiroplectamminasemlcomplanata.....___._._....____ 29, pi. 6

K 

?Kalamopsis dubia_____________________'.................... 14

kansasensis, Lenticulina_____.__________________ 56, pi. 18 

Planulina.......................................................__. 157,pi. 64

kickapooensis, Bulimina....______________________ 121,123, pis. 51,66

pingua, Bulimina...... ......_.._......................... 123,pis. 51,66

kirki, Haplophragmoides._________________________ 21-22, pi. 2 

knighti, Vaginulina... -_....._ .'.___..____................... 78,pi. 28

'Kyphofyx.&...........................................................__... 92-63

Christneri....................................................... 92-93, pis. 38,39>

cushmani.-... _._______.._.____._.__.._,_________.___.__... 93, pi. 38

undulata________________________________ 93, pi. 38

lacrima, Globulina. ______________________________ 96, pi. 40 

horrida, Globulina...-_.________________________ 97,pi. 40 

Polymorphina-(Globullna)..._______________________ 96 

subsphaerica, Globulina_________________....__... 96-97, pi. 40

laddi, Bulimina..--....-.-........--.....-......-.-........-.-..--_ 124-125, pi. 66

laevigata, Gaudryina-______________.________________ 33, pi. 8 

Lagena..__.______________________.____ ___ 95, pi. 40 

Psammosphaera.... __ ......- -.--....... ........ 14

pyramidata, Gaudryina... ____________..________.. 36 

laevis, Bullopora. ................^..................................... 98-99, pi. 42

cretosa, Spiroplectammina___.._..___.........._......... 27-28,pi. 6

Vitrewebbina-......-.-.....-.-....-.-.--.-.-----..-...-..--.....-...-...- 98-99

.Webbina. .- - - . . 98

Lagena--------_.........._.......__............-..-....-..-.---.....-.. 93-95

acuticosta._--....______.._______...__.____.94, pi. 39

alveolata____.___..______________..-....-- _. 95, pi. 40

amphora paucicosta.. .......__.... ......!. _ _.. 94, pi. 40

apiculata... .-- .......__.____.-_-.._._.__.-.--_-_-_-____ 94, pi. 39

bexagona._________________________________ 95, pi. 39" 

hispida.................. ............. ........... ... 93-94.pl. 39

laevigata._________________________________ 95, pi. 40> 

lineata. _____________________________________ 95, pi. 39s plumigera________..._________ ____--__.. .... 95, pi. 39

semilineata___..___________.._..__.._..._.__ 95, pi. 39 

substriata.-...---.-.---.---.-.......-..__..-.....-...------._-.... 95, pi. 39

sulcata semiinterrupta._..______________..... 94, pi. 39

vulgaris.......-.__..__. _...._.-._____.-_--......----.._--- -.--. 65,pi. 40

Cf. L. globosa...__....-.-.........-........-......-.....-...--.--..-. 95, pi. 39

lagenbides, Glandulina..------_. __.__.-..____ 76

Pseudoglandulina._______________.___..___ .... 76, pi. 27

lalickeri, Spiroplectammina.-.._____..... _'._ 29,pi. 6

Lamarckina.___._______-.______..____ . 137 

ripleyensis....___________.___________..__ ... 137,pi. 57

lanceola bidentata, Frondicularia__________.___--___ . 85-86, pi. 33' 

Frondicularia....... .......... 85,89,pi. 33

larva, Nodosaria-______.._______ __... 76 

lata, Bolivina incrassata.......-...-- .. --- 127

Bzehakina epigona_.- -___...-.-...-._...... ... 47, pi. 14

latticea, Bolivina..-....-.-.-.-..-.........-..-.......--.-.--....- ..... 113

legumen, Dentalina___.. _______.......___ 65, pi. 23

spirans, Dentalina.....- ..-.-..-.... ...... -, 66

Lenticulina.___._______._._______.___............ 55-57

grata.......--.--. ..... ...... -...---. ------------------ 63

Jonesi. . . . - 55-56, pi. 18

kansasensis-..---------- .. ...... ...... 56, pi. 18

macrodisca... ._ - - 54 

navarroensis..- ... ___... . - - 51 

navicula.............. _ . 56, pi. 18

.nuda...- -- - 56, pi. 18

rotulata. .... _.-------..-__-_......- --._._-_-_ -. 56-57, pis. 18, 19

sublaevis...... ...................... 56, pi. 18

velascoensis.......... .......... .... ... 57, pi. 19

williamsoni_-._.'-.-..--.......-.-..... ....... ....... 54

limbata basiornata, Nodosaria-.. . . 74, pi. 27 

Bulimina.__________..._______________- __ 124, pi. 52 

Nodosaria-..-........-- 74, pi. 27

tumidata, Nodosaria.-..---....-.-.---.---.-------------------------- 74, pi. 27

limbosum, Loxostoma plaitum__.. ... 131, pi. 54

limonense, Loxostoma_ . . 131, pi. 54 

limonensis, Bolivina incrassata.._...... 131

Nodosaria......___._............... ....... . ...... 74, pi. 26

lineara, Cristellaria..._ ....___ . . 62

linearis, Frondicularia... .---........--.----. .......... .......... 88, pi. 35

lineata, Lagena-........_..._......... . .. 95, pi. 39

linguiformis, Frondicularia........--.."_........___....... ... 89-90, pi. 36
236 INDEX

Page 

Lingullna___ . '................................................ 77

pygmaea__ _________________....... 77, pi. 27

taylorana___ '. _____....'._____.___..._ 77, pi. 27

lituiformis, Lltuotuba._____._________. _.___._______ 19, pi. 2 

Trochammina.- . ___.__.______.______... 19

Lituola....... - 26-27

globigeriniformis_.... ._____________............ 51

irregulariter.. _.. ......__..._...____ 26-27, pi. 5

taylorensis--.. .. . . 26, pi. 5

Lltuotuba.-.....-.. .--...-.-...-.-..__----..---.--.-.... 19 

litu'formis-_____________._________.__________ 19, pi. 2

lorneiana, Dentalina'- _________________.. 66, 75, pi. 23 

Nodosaria. _. ...- . 66

spirans, Dentalina.__.....______________________ 66, pi. 23

Loxostoma............ -._...--- ... ...--........-.-... 129-131

clavatum..____._.. __-.___________....__ 130, pi. 54

cushmani. __________________________________ 129, pi. 53 

gemmum... . ______..____._____ 129-130, pi. 54 

limonense.. ........... .. ..'... ... ..- 131, pi. 54

minutissimum__________...____________________ 131, pi. 54 

plaitum..-.'-.-.-.-...-..........-........_-.-.-.-.---...-.-...- 130-131, pi. 54

limbosum_____.__...:______________.'____ 131, pi. 54

Loxostomum clavatum.-._-...--.-. ____-_____.__............ 129

plaltum............. . ..........__..........-.-...--.-.-...... 131

lueckel, Ammobaculites_ ...._______.______ 24, pi. 66

M 

macrodlsca, Cristellaria_ _____...____________ 54

Lenticulina.----.- ______'............................. 54

macrodiscus, Robulus... '.................___________. 54, pi. 17

magna, Flabellammlna..... . ____________________ 25, pi. 4

manifesta, Qlandulina. .- .--.-._---------- ............. 76

Nodosaria.- -..- -.- ........... . ..-.. 76

Pseudoglandulina.. ...___...__..._______ 76, pi. 27 

manltobensis, Miliammina _.... . ......... . ...... 48, pi. 14

Tritaxia....-.-.. 31, pi. 7

marcki, Nodosaria cf. __ .... 1 . ...-.-.... 74, pi. 27

marginata, Entosolenla.... .. . 126, pi. 52

Olobotruncana____...__ __________________.__ 150, pi. 62

Rosalina..._____,________________________._____ 150

Marginulina_... ...._......._ ..--.----...- 59-64

armata-. ........................ . ..... ................ 60, pi. 21

austinana .... : 59, pi. 20

acescens_ ... 59, pi. 20 

directa............. ................._....................... 59, pi. 20

bullata... ......................................................... 62, pi. 21

cretacea....... ... ____f,__________....__. 61, pi. 21

curvature.-... .........._..... .-... .... 63, pi. 22

dccorata..__ .___________________.___ 63 

dorsata_.____________..________!____________ 60, pi. 20 

elongata. . . _.__.__....._.__._..._... 61

grata...--.... . _____________________ 63

humilis.......____................._.........._.............. 63, pi. 22

inconstantia...- _______.____________ 59, pi. 20 

intermedia..--._ .....'._________________________ 61

Jarvisi._-___.____________________________ 63, pi. 22 

jonesL. ... ____________.__...__.. 64 

juneea.. . . . __._.__ 59, pi. 20 

modesta..___.. ... . .-..________..-.______-_ 61 

munda_... ____._.. _________ 60, pi. 21 

navarroana...__..___..__________.._.._.__.. 62, pi. 22

plummerae...... ____________________ 62-63, pi. 22

pseudomarcki....... ....._____________________ 60, pi. 20

schloenbachi......____1____.__.____________.___ 63

sillcula...-.-----.--.-..--..--...._.-..-.-....---...-......_....... 62, pi. 21

siliqua...._______.___.______________________ 63, pi. 22

stephensonl ... ..... ... ......__..... 69-60, pi. 20

taylorana-.---. . . ___._____._________. 61, pi. 21 

texana............ ........______________.... 61

texasensis. ...____...____________ 61, pi. 21 

trilobata........ ..............__.........__........................ 64

trinitatensis_.... ......___.__._____________ 64, pi. 22

cf. M. decorata_ . . ______________:___ 63-64, pi. 21 

cf. M. elongata... ... . __:_______________ 60-61, pi. 21 

cl. M. recta.......____________________________ 60, pi. 21

cf. M. tripleura.. . ..____________._____ 61-62, pi. 21 

Marginulina sp.. . .______..............._._... 64, pi. 22

Marginulina? trilobata..............__................__._......... 64, pi. 22

Marssonella.... ...... ______........ ..__.___.. 43-44

ellisorae.... . ______.... ... .. 44, pi. 12

indentata...... . ..___________.___..__ 44, pi. 12

oxycona.._______________________________ 43-44, pi. 12

Massilina._____________.____._________________ 48-49

texasensls....... . . ...........'... ......_. 48-49, pi. 14

Page 

Massilina sp....______...... .. . .. 49, pi. 14

megalopolitana, Dentalina.. -... 67, pi. 23

membranacea, Globorotalia._ 152-153, pi. 63 

Planulina_________.___......... .. 152

Pulvinulina.... 152

mendezensis, Bulimina. . 124, pi. 52 

Polymorphina.. - 98

Pseudopolymorphina. . . 98, pi. 41

Pseudotextulariayarians..._ -....................... 110, pi. 47

mexicana, Heterostomella_ 42, pi. 11

micheliniana, Eponides.. 152

Globorotalia- . -- . -- - - - 152, pi. 63

Gyroidina... . .... ..'-.. .-. . . - - .......-.. . 152

micheliniana, Rotalina_. -- ... -- 152

microdisca, Frondicularia_ 90, pi. 36 

Miliammina... . 48

manitobensis. . i............-..............-. ............ 48, pi. 14

Miliolina (Quinqueloculina) antiqua angusta. 48 

minima, Gaudryina.....- ....... . .... 34

minuta, Allomorphina_ . .. - '.. . 145, pi. 60 

Ellipsonodosaria.__________________... __ 134, pi. 56 

Pullenia.-----------.-------- ------------------------ 147, pi. 60

Rectogiimbelina-______A___________________- 109-110, pi. 47 

minutissimum, Loxostoma-... ..' .. 131, pi. 54

modesta, Marginulina.--- -- 61

mollis, Gaudryinella_. . . . 40

Pseudogaudryinella__'. ... . 40-41, pi. 11 

monile, Nodosaria-_. . 75, pi. 27 

mordenensis, Spiroplectammina... _. 28, pi. 6 

moremani, Gumbelina__.... ... . __ 103, pi. 44

Hastigerinella..__.....___....__...................... 147-148, pi. 61

Quinqueloculina.. 48, pi. 14

mucronata, Frondicularia__ 87, pi. 34

multicostata, Dentalina.--..- - . . 67, pi. 23

Vaginulina---- - 79-80, pi. 29

multiloculata, Globorotalia?..-.-.-.--.--.----.----- . . .... 153, pi. 62

multispinata, Hantkenina.... ... 148.

Schackoina.._____.__...... .--.. .. 148, pi. 61

munda, Marginulina.-__.-_-... ...... . . 60, pi. 21

miinsteri, Cristellaria.- - -.-. 63 

Robulina__..._.. ... 53

Robulus.- . : ... ..... ....... . .... 53, pi. 17

murchisoni, Ammobaculites.. 25

Haplophragmium... . . 25 

murchisoniana, Bulimina...... ........ . . 120

N 

nacatochensls, Planulina____..___......... ....._.__ 158, pi. 65

nana, Dentalina..- 65

naranjoensis, Gyroidina-.... .... ...... ..... 140

naumanni, Nodosaria. . ..... 72, pi. 26

navarroana, Allomorphina.... ..........-................... 145-146, pi. 60

Gaudryina.......... ..... _- _ .- . .. .... 33, pi. 7

Marginulina . .- - ------------- 62, pi. 22

Nodosaria . . 73, pi. 26

Pulvinulinella.- ..--- ------------------------ - ---...... 144, pi. 60

Ramulina- 99, pi. 43

Spiroplectammina.-.-- . 27, pi. 5 

Vaginulina. : 80-81, p^ 29

Virgulina.... - 126-127, pi. 53

navarroensis, Ammobaculoides.... .. 30, pi. 6

Bulimina reussi_______ _.. _ __ 121, pi. 51 

Cristellaria.-. 51 

extruatus; Robulus . . 52, pi. 16,17

Lenticulina_. . ... ... 51

Robulus. . 51-52, 55, pi. 16

navicula, Cristellaria... 56

Lenticulina-___ . ...... 56, pi. 18

nelsoni, Anomalina.. . 154, pi. 63

Cibicides... . 154

Valvulineria_____._ . __ 154 

Neobulimina- . . . 125-126

canadensis........ ... .......... ... ...... ... 125, pi. 52

irregularis___________________:__________ 125-126, pi. 52 

spinosa...________________ .... ... . __ 126, pi. 52

niobrarensis, Vaginulina. ________________._ . .... 78-79, pi. 28

nitida, Gyroidina__________________________...__ 137,140, pi. 58 

Pleurostomella......... 132, pi. 54

Rotalina... .....__. ... __ ... ..... 140

Nodellum..__._'.......................................................... 17

Velascoense._________.._______ __ ..... 17, pi. 1

Nodosarella.--..-...--.-..-. 133-134

coalingensis__________________-__ . _ 133, pi. 55 

gracillima_________._______.,_____-___-___ 134, pi. 55
INDEX 237

Page

Nodosnrolla primitive... .. . _ 134, pi. 55 

aMata............................................................... 134, pi. 55

toxana.__....____._._____________._.___ 133, pi. 55

sp. .................................................................. 134

Nodosarla....___.___ .. ...___________________ 70-75

affluls...................-....... ............................. 64, 70-71, pl.25

altcrnata......___......_........._____________....... 64

altornlstrlata........................................j................. 71, pi. 26

amphloxyd______._ ... .............___._..___ 72-73, pi. 26

as'por'a...______..... ....._.__.___...____.._ 72, pi. 26

brcVitesta ...................-............. ..................... 74, pi. 27

concinna..,_....___ .................__....................... 74

cors'icananrt ____ . ........_._.___...___ 73, pi. 26

cyll'ndracch___;.. . ... - .....____.---.... 76

dlstans...- ..........:--. _- .....'. ................... 71, pi. 26

foutanncsi volascodnsiS.... . .-. ....i .-........._._.__ 73

fusuta.......... ..--. -- - _-_.__._.._ ._..._ 71-72, pi. 26

(Oiandulina) cylindracoa._________________._______ 77 

 gracilltatls. ....... . ... ..... 72, pi. 20

graiitl... .___.... .... . .... ........ ..... 136

huriiills_..._.....__. . .... ..........._.__..........__ 76

Intorcostata__..................................___..__..__ 64

larva...___.......___....___.......__.._____....... 76

llmbatii............................. ...... ^............ ... 74, pi. 27

baslornata_.'-....... .. ......... ....... ........ 74, pi. 27

tumidata.. _.__ _...... __... .-.._._ 74, pi. 27

llmoncnsis... ... -... 74, pi. 26 

lornolana.____.......... ... __...__. ..__. .... .. C6

manlfosta_______...___......... ...___.....__._____ 76

inonilo._.........__....._........__..__.......... _ 75, pi. 27

naumanni___......... .... ... . ... ....... 72, pi. 26

navarroana.............._ ............ .. . 73, pi. 26

obscura.. ... . . . .-. . . ....... 73, pi. 26

orthoplcura__......... . ... .............. . .. 74-75, pi. 27

pauporcula__....................................... .... 75, pi. 27

proxlma...__..... .. ........... '. .. 70

proboscidoa__....____.__..__............... . . ... 72, pi. 26

vclascocnsls______......_____....... ...____.....__ 73-74, pi. 20

zippoi altcrnata...____......__....... .......... ........ . 64

cf. N. marcki--.. . . ..'...... . . 74, pi. 27

nodosaria, Polymorphlna___.......__.........__- ...-:. . .. 98

Nodoslnolla vclascocnsis._...... ................... ..... ..-.-.. 17

Noulon..______.__________..._._._..____.__.__ 100 

crctnccum.._____..__..._._................ .. .. 100

Jarvlsl.............................. . 100, pi. 43

Nonlonolla.. .......................................^............-...-^.. 100-101

ansata..____.______.______.______.__......101, pi. 44

austtnana......____...._..___..........._.... 100, pi. 43

crotacca.. ______.____1_...... .....__... . 101, pi. 43

robusta............................................. ....... 100-101, pi. 43

Nonlonlna globosa_____...____......._._ -. 140

scapha...________.______........____......._..._... 100

nuda, Cristollarla.._________.__.......... .... .. 56

Lontlculina_____._________.......__......... . ... 56, pi. 18

obscura, Nodosaria___...__.___.__.. . ... 73, pi. 26 

obsolota, Toxtularla._______...____....____ ..... ...-. 114

obtusa, Bullmlna......................................__........- ..... 121,123

ollgostcgia, Crlstcllarla._._._________.___.___.______ 54

Robulus.____,________._____._______________ 54 

ollgostoglus, Kobulus...._________.........____________ 54, pi. 17

Opcrculina..__________.____.___.__.____.______ 101

catonula...______._.___._..._.. _ __ 101, pi. 44

crotacca..._._.__________........______...._____ 17

orblgnyana, Eutosolenla._________.........____._...___ 126, pi. 52

oruata, Bulimina.____________......._.........____.__ 122

Ramulina......._.__..___....___.... .... s .... ._ 99-100, pi. 43

Orthocorlna owaldi...____.._....- . ........... 118

orthoploura, Nodosarla.__....___.__..__.._ ... .. 74-75, pi. 27

ovoldon, Chllostomella cf._________.....______.__...._ 146, pi. 66

ovulum, Bulimina_..._....__...............-.-....---.-.....-....-.. 120

oxycona, Oaudrylna__.________.__......__...__ ..____ 43

Marssonclla.._____________.....______....__... 43-44, pi. 12 

ozawana, Psoudopolymorphina......................... ._ ... __ _ 98, pi. 41

palnoldcs, Oaudrylna........... ...........-............ ...... . . 34, pi. 7

Palmula...___________________.._...___.________._ 82-85 

cnshmanl..__............______.__...___...__......... 82, pi. 32

olliptlca............................................................... 85, pi. 32

Jarvisl?. .......................................... ............ 85, pi. 31

pllulata............................................................ 84-85, pi. 32

prlmltjva.__..__...................__;...__........__._ 84, pi. 32

Page 

Palmula retlculata_........ .. ...... 84, pi. 31

rugosa..... - ... .- - ....................... 83-84, pi. 31

semireticulata._... . 85, pi. 31 

simplex __.__ .. .. 84

suturalis.......... ... . ------- ..................... 82-83, pi. 32

papillata, Bolivinopsls. . 102, pi. 44

Spiroplectoides... .. . 102

parallela, Glandulina . 77

Pseudoglandulina. --.-. .. ..-.--.-..-....- _. 77, pi. 27

parisiensis, Clavulina... . 3& 

parva, Siphogenerinoides ... .. 118, pi. 50*

Patelllna... . ............- ..... . .... ....................... 137

sp.................................................................... 137, pi. 57

pauclcosta, Lagena amphora 94, pi. 40' 

paupercula, Nodosaria... . 75, pi. 27 

pectinata, Bulimina.._ __________.__.. 123,.pl. 52 

Pelosina___ - - -- 15 

complanata.. /... .. .. . 15, pi. 1

scruposa... - - .. - ..... 15

penny!, Ammodiscus... ._..-_ ..... .. .......... 17, pi. l

pertinens, Dentalina .. 70, pi. 24 

petroleana, Bulimina... .... 125, pi. 66

pilulata, Palmula...-------------------------- ........ .-......... 84-85, pi. 32

pingua, Bulimina kickapooensis.'. ___ __..... 123, pis. 51,66 

pinguis, Anomalina.. .... ..... .... .... ... 156"

§innlgera, Dentalina . . 64

plaita, Bolivina.. .. . ... ... --..-. 131

plaltum, Bolivina.._ . 130

limbosum, Loxostoma... 131, pi. 54

Loxostoma. ------------............. ...... .-......--... 130-131, pi. 54

Loxostomum. . . 131 

plana, Buliminella carseyae__ ....... _____________ 120, pi. 60

planata, Bolivinita__ . 114, pi. 48 

Giimbelina.......... ........ .... ....... .-. . ...... 105, pi. 45

Planoglobulina.. . 110-111 

acervulinoides..T ...... ..... .. .... ....... Ill, pi. 47

taylorana ... ..... 110, pi. 47

Planularia__ - 57-58 

advena.____ ... . 57, pi. 19 

dissona___.... . 57, pi. 19

' santanderensis. . . . _._.__. .....:... 57, pi. 66

elongata.. ----------------------------------- ......-.. ..... 57, pi. 20

tricarlnella. 57-58, pi. 20

sp...--------------------- - . . ._ . . .... 58, pis. 20, 66

Planulina. ........... ............ . ...................^.......... 156-159

austtnana. -- ........................................ 156-157, pi. 64

o correcta--...--.. . .-.-.---.-.---.--......-.-.-.... .... 158, pi. 65

eaglefordensis__ . . . 156, pi. 64 

greenhornensis. ..... ............... 159, pi. 65

kansasensis... . 157, pi. 64 

membranacea .. -- 152

nacatochensis. . . .... .. 158, pi. 65

rubiginosa. '.................. 156

spissocostata_ . . _____.... 157, pi. 64

taylorensis..... ....... ...-.-----.--.... ...........--------158, pi. 64

texana..-..-.--..-.---.----.- . --.-.-..--..--.......-......-.--- 157, pi. 64

Plectina.- . . --- 47 

waters!.......-- ... . .... . . ..... ... .......--..- 47, pi. 13

Pleurostomella-.-.-...-- ....._ . . __..'.. .- ...-. ....--.. 131-133

austinana.... ... . ...... ... --...-..__........... 131-132, pi. 54

clavata. . i 132-133, pi. 54

nitida ......._..._....---.-----.-.-...__................._ 132, pi. 54

subnodosa... ... ..... . 132, pi. 55

gigantia -...-..-----.---.-. .---.---_-----_-_---.-_- --- 132, pi. 55

torta . -.- -... . . . 133, pi. 55

velascoensis.-.. . . ...-..-...-.-.-...-.-.-..... 133, pi. 55

waters!.... --- - - - --- ---.-. --------- - 132, pi. 54

pleurotomarloides, Ammodiscus..__.__________.____._.. 19 

plicata, Globotruncana conica________..______________ 151, pi. 61 

plumigera, Lagena__ . ___......... 95, pi. 39

plummerae, Clavulina__________ __._____... . .. 38, 40 

Clavulinoides tril'atera______....._________________ 38, pi. 9

Eouvigerina.......__._........ ...._..........._....... 116, pi. 49

Giimbelina____________.__________________..... 104, pi. 45

Marginulina.... ........................ ......... ... 62-63, pi. 22

Pseudouvigerina_..._...______...___________ 116-117, pi. 49 

Valvulineria.. .. .. ....... 137-138, pi. 57

Venti\&brc\\&....................................v....................... 112

plummeri, Siphogenerina__..______________..._.. 117

Siphogenerinoides___________________________ 117-118, pi. 50

Polymorphina adhaerens.____________________________ 96

amygdaloides terquemiana..._-._______________... 98

cylindroidcs.____________________.._.._______ 97 

digitata ................_....._.____....._..--.-..-......... 98
238 INDEX

Page 

Polymorphina fusiformis.. __._________________________ 97

gibba.

(Qlobulina) lacrima....__..__......___..__..__........___ 96

gutta.. .. - . .........-.......................................... 97

incerta.-.._______________________________ ..... 97

mendezensis.--._....._.._..__......___..___..........._ 98

. nodosaria....._....__......________..__I__..........__ 98

subsphaerica_________'_________ _.______________.__ 96

trigonula......._......____..______;............__....... 95

velascoensis._.__..................................................... 97

Polyphragma................................................................. 51

sp- ................................................._.......... 51, pi. 15

polystropha, Bulimina... ____________________________ 31 

polystropha, Verneullina______....__________.'.__.___ 31, pi. 7

pondl, Bolivina. . ... .-.............................._ 128, pi. 53

Robulus.............................................................. 52, pi. 16

pontool, Dorpthia.......__.__.___._._______._______ 46, pi. 12

presli, Arenobulimina---..--.._._.._....._____....._..__.. 42

prima, Siphonina.______...1________.___________ 143, pi. 59 

primitiva, Nodosarella..___.-.-----._-....__......_...__ 134, pi. 55

Palmula..................................................._........ 84, pi. 32

primatumida, Bolivina._..___...._..__......._.._:..__ 127

prisca, Globulina...___._.___...__.________....__.__ 97, pi. 40

problema, Quttulina_.....______.....__; __.____.__.__ 96

proboscidea, Nodosaria_..----.--._........_........._^........._ 72, pi. 26

projecta, Flabellina____.________.______._____...__ 83 

Frondicularia-_.. .---. . ___....__.._........-.---.- 83-

prolixa, Bulimina_____._____________________._ 122, pi, 51 

Pro teonina-..--- -..--.---...--..---------. ......--..-- -........' 15

difflugiformis.....-...-._..___._._._____.._..._..._____.-..-_.___-__._. 15, pi. 1

proteus, Trochamminoides-.._._...._....__..._.__-....-... 20

proxima, Nodosaria_......_...._.........._____......--__..... 70

Psammosphaera.___...________.___.__._......-..--."-..._ 14

laevigata..-.-.-----.-----.....----..-..-.----.-.-...-...-._............ 14

Pseudoclavulina_.........______.____.______.--..-..__ 36-37

amorpha..------..-----.-...-...-.-.-.-.--.-__...-.......-.-.-.--... 37, pi. 9

incrustata__.._._......:.................................... 37, pi. 9

arenata......_________......____.____..........___ 37, pi. 9

chitinosa..- --._.____._,__'.___.___.___._....__ 37, pi. 9

clavata._..-----_...-_-.._.._____--____.._._.._______.-__.___._._ 36-37, pis. 8, 9

Pseudogaudryinella._________._._...__..^___._.____ .40-41 

capitosa..*.__ .'.... ....____________________ .t........40, pi. 10

serrulata......_..___......................................... 40, pi. 10

colombiana...._____....__................................. 41, pi. 66

mollis.............................................................. 40-41, pi. 11

Pseudofglandulina...______________._.________________ 76-77 

bistegia.__.___.._____________.____________ 76, pi. 27 

costulata. ..... ...... _____.__.. ...__ 160

cylindracea....__________________._________ 76-77, pi. 27

lagenoides....._____________________________ 76, pi. 27

' manifesta.. ________________.______.__,_____ 76, pi. 27 

parallela....._______________________v________ 77, pi. 27

pygmaea_____________________.______________ 76, pi. 27 

sp...... _-___. _ -...__.-_..-_- .--...--. .__....- -.. 76,77, pi. 27

pseudomarcki, Marginulina.___________________________ 60, pi. 20 

pseudopapillosa, Anomalina....__________........... 154-155,159, pi. 64

Pseudopolymorphina______.__.______________________ 97-98 

cuyleri.______i___________________________ 98, pi. 41 

digitata... ..................^......................................... 98, pi. 40

incerta...........__......_.._....___._.....________.._______ _..._ 97-98, pi. 41

mendezensis..._____,,___..___.___...._______._ 98, pi. 41

ozawana.--.-___..__._...-...-...-.-_....--.-........------. 98, pi. 41

pseudoscripta, Ellipsonodosaria_____...______._______... 135, pi. 56 

pseudo-secans, Robulus___________._________.___ 53-54, pi. 17 

pseudoserrata, Oaudryinella................__........_..__._-..--. 36, pi. 8

pseudotessera, Oiimbelina....______________________. 106-107, pi. 45

Pseudotextularia...__________________________________ 110 

acervulinoiclcs._____________._______......._._ 111

elegans varians__.....__ ___.. ^...... ___ .... 110

varians...._______._.___________________.__ 110, pi. 47

mendezensis.--_____________________________ 110, pi. 47 

textulariformis--...___ -^...................................... 110, pi. 47

Pseudotextularia sp___________________________. ____ 112 

Pseudouvigerina________________________ :............... 116-117

cretacea.__._______.________________.____ 117, pl.49 

plummerae...._______________.__________ 116-117, p. 49

seligi.......................................................j.. . 117, pi. 49

Pullenia . - 146-147

americana.---.____...°...__._....______..-.._..... 146, pi. 60

coryelli.......................................................... 146,147, pi. 60

cretacea________:_______________________ 146-147, pi. 60 

jarvisi........__..... ..... ..............._............ . 147, pi. 60

minuta....__.__.....--..---..-.-...........-...-....-...-.-__ 147, pi. 60

quaternaria_...i. ._______..,_________.'____-____- 146

Page

Pullenia quinqueloba.______________________________ 146,147 

sphaeroides__________________________________ 147

Pulvinulina area._________.__________________________ 150 

area contusa_______________________________ 150

caracolla..____._____________________________ 143 

membranacea..._________________________.______ 152 

velascoensis___________________;__________. 153

Pulvinulinella ........ .... ......................... 143-145

alata.........___.. _...._____.__......._....__.........___ 144

glabrata. ....... .................................................. 144, pi. 59

navarroana..-.____________ _________________ 144, pi. 60

ripleyensis.__________________________________ 144, pi. 60

texana..._________________________________ 143-144, pi. 59

Pulvinulinella velascoensis..______________________ 145, pi. 60

cf. P. alata... ._...._ -.._.. ....-. ..-. .._...-...._._ 145

Pulvinulinella? florealis.........._..._.__...__._____.... 144-145, pi. 59

punctulata, Qumbelina_____________________________ 108, pi. 46 

pupa, Giimbelina-. _________________________________ 106,107 

Textularia_________________________________.___ 107 

pupoides, Bulimina-_________________________________ 121 

puschi, Bulimina.___________________________________ 122 

pygmaea, Qlandulina.__..___________________..._____ 76

Lingulina............................................................. 77, pi. 27

Pseudoglandulina_ ___________________________ 76, pi. 27 

pyramidata, Oaudryina laevigata______..____________....... 36

Gaudryina (Pseudogaudryina)______________________ 36, pi. 8 

Tritaxia.................................................................. 31

Pyrulina..__,__________________________________ 97 

cylindroides._____-_______ ___________._____ 97, pi. 40 

velascoensis____.__._______________________ 97, pi. 40

Q

quadrans, Gaudryina..._ T _______.__._.___________ 35, pi. 8 

quadrata, Bulimina....__.__.__.__........_____________ 121,123

quaternaria, Pullenia.-.__...___.........-.-.-._________...... 146

quinqueloba,. Pullenia.___...:__.__._....______________ 146,147

Quinqueloculina__________.__.__....-______'.________ 48

antiqua angusta___....._..._..........._____.__.___ 48, pi. 14

coonensis.___________________...________________ 48 

moremani..__________________._____________ 48, pi. 14 

rotunda...__________.__ ____._____ _____._ 48 

stelligera..__________________.________________ 48 

wadei___._______________._________________ 49 

sp.._.._ _ -...........,._-_.. -.-_._.--..- __ ._.__ - 48, pi. 14

R

ramosa, Hyperammina.._______________.______________ 15

Saccorhiza..______________________________ 15-16, pi. 1

Ramulina--____._.____._________________________ 99-100

aculeata.__._____.,____.____________________ 100, pi. 43

arkadelphiana.....__.___.__________.__________,99, pi. 43

globo-tubulosa. __,___________________________ 100, pi. 43 

navarroana_ ------------__........^....-...---.______._.... 99, pi. 43

ornata.._..................................................._. 99-100, pi. 43

sp.-. ....... ................. ...................... - .. 99,100

recta, Cristellaria____________. ______________________ 60

Marginulina cf_________________________________ 60, pi. 21

Vaginulina______.___________________________ 78, pi. 27

rectilateralis, Vaginulina..__________________________ 78, pi. 28

Rectogumbelina....-......---.-..-..-.---.....-.----.------.........___ 109-110

cretacea._.___.....__.__.____..__________._ 110, pi. 47

hispidula......_________..._____.......___.'._____ 109, pi. 46

minuta............-.............. ................... ..... 109-110, pi. 47

texana.---.--.-..-...-...-....---...-..------------..-------.-----...109, pi. 46

reflexa, Dentalina_____-__...___---___ _____-__... 66, pi. 23 

refulgens conica, Truncatulina.. -..-----------.-- .--...---.-..---- -. 152

regina, Vaginulina- ____. __ . . 77 

reniformis, Cristellaria__....................__--------- .--..-.......- 57

Reophax.-.- 16-17

clavulinus---.---..-.....-.--...-...:. ....... . .... 16, pi. 1

constrictus_^.-_.--------....------....-.------.------ ... 16, pi. 1

coonensis.____..-__.-.-..-.---..----.- --.__..__....... 36

cyliridricus ripleyensis_ ._..-.-..-.- ... ... 36

 dentalinoides.________________.___._____.__ .. 16, pi. 1

difflugiform'is-----_.__._._ ... . . 15

texana --------------...------- -------...--------.------.-- ........ 16

texanus-._.___....__.______.__.___.____.. . 16, pi. 1

woodbinensis...-____-.-....--__ ....... .... .. 160

sp.. .-. . ........ ..... . 17, pi. 1

reticulata, Flabellina................. . .--....-......-.....-.. . 84,85

Frondicularia ..._.. .._--- --- ... ---.-...- 84 

Palmula..--.... ......................... . 84, pi. 31

retusa, Dorothia-------- - ------------------------------------------ 46, pi. 13

Gaudryina.-__.....,.,_.,,.. .............., T . T T ^... 46
INDEX 239

Page 

rcussl, Bullmlna._ .........................^...l.................... 120-121, pi. 51

Dcntalina..._____.________.__________'.__.___ 68 

Ollmbolina.__..................................................... 104, pi. 44

navarroonsls, Bullmlna. _.__..........___......_____ 121, pi. 51

Rhabdammina...____...._..__......._..._____..___... 14

discrctai . __ ______ ______ __.___ 14, pi. 1 

Rbabdoplouraabyssorum....______ ____._.____.___ 14

Rhabdoploura? sp__ __._____.....____________._.... 14

rhomboidalls, Bollvlnoidcs...________.._______.______... 113

rhomboldoa, Bolivlna________.___ __.___.___'_____.. 113

Bollvlnoldos......................................................... 113, pi. 48

rhumblorl, Sacoammlna....'..._..............____...._.........,14, pi. 1

rlbstononsls, Trochammlna ........_ ___.. ..... . 50, pi. 15

rlployonsls, Clblcldcs..._.___.__... ......__________ 159

Dlscorbls------.--.-.------.---..-*...---------------------------------- 143

Laraarckina..__..__....___......--.-.-.-..-.........._.. 137, pi. 57

Pulvlnullnella.-....-..--..-.-........--.--.-...-----.---...--.--.- 144, pi. 60

Reophaxcylindrlcus.-.. _______...._...._.______ 36

Rotalia beccarll............... .---.. .-.-. .-.... - 139

Toxtularia... ....................................1.........J........ 29-30, pi. 6

Robulina discrepans__ ...__........... . ____....... 54

munstori... _...._......_.-..._._..........-._.-.-__..-.................... 53

Robulus.. _____ ______.. .__.__.___......___ 51-55

aldrlchl............................................................... 55, pi. 18

aloxandorl.....____________.__.__..__._____... 55, pi. 18

discropans.___.________.______.._____.____ 54, pi. 17 

IsldlS...................... . .. ... 54, pi. 17

macrodiscus..____-...._..........._...._.........__. 54, pi. 17

mUnstorl............................................................. 53, pi. 17

navarroensis____________................".............. 51-52,55, pi. 16

oxtruatus.--.. ._......__.......................___ 52, pis. 16,17

ollgostcgia.______.______... .__..._...........____. 54

ollgostoglus......___.___......______._._______ 54, pi. 17

pondl. . .. .. .... . . . ..-..... 52, pi. 16

psoudo-socans.. .........____... ___.__...._._ 53-54, pi. 17

splsso-costatus.--. ......___..... __._____._ 52-53, pis. 16, 17

stophoiisonL._________.__....._______________. 55, pi. 18

stornalls....__.___._......_._^___._____'.......... 54. pi. 18

subalatus..._______..__..___.__....___..... 55, pi. 18

tayloronsls,.... .................... --. .... - - . 53, pi. 18

trlnitatcnsls.________________._____....._____ 54, pi. 18

Wllllamsoni.-.__........._...._...__--.---.-._--_.--.-.._..-..-.__.--. c54,-pl. 18

sp ............._......_._.._..-.-...-....-........- .-- 55, pi. 18

robusta, Nonionolla.................................................. 100-101, pi. 43

Rosalina arnmonldcs_........______.. _____._______ 154

canaliculata......________________.______.___..-- 149

demon tlana....______............._...__........._....... 155

marglnata..._________...._......._.._._..._..... 150

rosotta, Oloblgcrlna._._ ______ ____.. __.__ ^ 150

rosula, Bolivluopsls.._________...______________ 101-102, pi. 44

Spiroplccta.__________________..'._______^.......... 101

Splroploctoidos._____________.____________.____ 102 

Rotalia....................................................................... 142

boccarli riployonsis...____________________________ 139 

constrlcta.__________________________________ 160 

crotacoa................................................................ 138,139

flmbrlatula.......................................................... 142, pi. 58

globosa ____ _________.._______.._____.._ 140

volascoonsls.________________________________... 145

Rotallna doprossa___________________________.____- 139

glrardana_____________...._____________.. 140

baldingorll................................................................ 142

mlchollniana____________........____________........ 152

nitida..........-........-...............-..-.. .-.. .._....- T ------ 140

rotulata, Lontlcullna...______________._________ 56-57, pis. 18, 19 

rotunda, Quinquolocullna.....____........ ... _... 48

Vornouillna_....______........._.............._........ 46

rublglnosa, Anomalina__.________________ ______ 156, pi. 64 

Planullna............_.-.............-.......................... ..... 156

rudita, Bulimlna......!.............................................. 122-123, pi. 51

Qaudty\D&........................................................... 34-35, pi. 7

rugosa, Flabellanimjna.._________________________ 24-25, pi. 4 

Flabollina...........................-..- .....-.-.--...-.. - 82,83

Oaudrylna...______________________..__...______ 32,34 

Haplophragmoides__________________..__.__... 20-21, pi. 2 

Palmate............................................ ............ 83-84, pi. 31

rugoslsslma, Frankelna__:.._______......_............... 25-26, pi. 4

rpgulosa, GoBsolla._.........______........... .........._. 47, pi. 13

Reohakina__________.______._._..._. .__.... ... 47

oplgona...._______________..._.___....._....._.... 47

lata .............................................................. 47, pi. 14

S Page

Saccammina______________±.................................. 14

rhumbleri_____._______________________...__ 14, pi. 1 

scruposum______________.._________.....___ 15

Saccorhiza..*___________..___________________ 15-16

ramosa._________________________________ 15-16, pi. 1 

sagittula coonensis, Textularia__________...._____________ 28

santanderensis, Planularia dissona..___..________________ 57, pi. 66 

saraqenaria__________________ .-......................____ 58

italica. ................................................................... 58

saratogana_______________._________________ 58, pi. 28

triangularis._______________________________ 58, pi. 28

saratogana, Saracenaria....._________________.__.._ 58, pi. 28

saratogaensis, Flabellammina._______________'_________ 24, pi. 3

saxipara, Bifarina______.___,..___________________ 131, pi. 54

Dimorphina__________________________________ 131

scapha, Nonionina....____:_________________________ 100

Schackolna........._.,____....._._..................-.-... ...........'.. 148-149

multispinata......................................................... 148, pi. 61.

trituberculata...__.___._..................... ......._.___ 148-149, pi. 61

schloenbachi, Marginulina..__... ..._____.____________.. 63 

scruposa,.Pelosina_________________________________ 15 

scruposum, Saccammina____......__________________ 15

seligi, Pseudovigerina_______ _____.__.__________ 117, pi. 49 

Uvigerina...._________________________________ 117

selmaensls, Bollvina..____________________________ 128, pi. 53

Bolivina tenuis..._________________________________ 128

Vaginulina..._________________________________ 79, pi. 29

selmcnsis, Bolivinita.........................__....___..._.... 114-115, pi. 49

semicomplanata, Anomalina._______________________ '....... 155

juncea, Spiroplectammina___.._..._____.______ 29, pi. 6

Spiroplectammina..._____ ______-._____________ 28, pi. 6 

Textularia____..._.._...._................_................... 28

semlcostata, Qumbelina....._________:_____________ 107, pi. 46

semiinterrupta, Lagena sulcata.__....____________..__. 94, pi. 39

semilineata, Lagena__________________________.__ 95, pi. 39

semlreticulata, Flabellina_____________________________ 85

Palmula..-_-----_.__...----__----._----..-.____--_.---__._-_-._..._ 85, pi. 31

semitecta terquemiana, Sigmomorphina..._________________ 98, pi. 41 

serrulata, Oaudryinella capitosa... __.._.___.....____._... 40

Pseudogaudryinella capitosa._______.______________ 40, pi. 10 

Slgmomorphina...._______________________________ 98

semitecta terquemiana__________________________ 98, pi. 41 

silicula, Hemicristellaria.-.-.-.-...-..-................__:............._.. 62

Marginulina..._....._........................................__ 62, pi. 21

simplex, Eponides...______________________________ 142, pi. 57 

Qyroidina..____..____________.__.___________ 142 

Hastigerinella..............__...................__.....___.. 148, pi. 61

Palmula............__.....__...._..........__..____.....__ 84

Spiroloculina. ____ .___ ... ___ 49 

siliqua, Marginulina________________.________*_____ 63, pi. 22 

simondsi, Vaginulina...______.-.____________________ 79,80,pi. 29 

Vaginulina cf..__._______________________________ 79 

Siphogenerina plummeri_____,..____,._____..__.___... 117 

Siphogenerinoides.._.._______________________:...... 117-119

bramlettei._.......................___.... ,.-.................... 118, pi. 50

bramletti...__..........._............................................ 118

brevispinosa.______________________________.. 119, pi. 50 

cretacea____________ ___________________ 118, pi. 50 

ewaldi................................. .................... 118-119, pi. 50

parva.----..._...._..............__..................__...... 118, pi. 50

plummeri........._..__..........___....__._......... 117-118, pi. 50

Siphonina.______________.'________________________ 143 

prima..................__...-..-.._.............................. 143, pi. 59

solvata, Dentalina.________________________°_______ 69, pi. 24 

speciosa, Ellipsonodosariastephensoni..___.._______..___ 135, pi. 56 

sphaeroides, Pullenia._________________________....__ 147

spinea, Eponides?.______________________________ 142, pi. 57 

Truncatulina__.__________..__..______.._.__... 142

spinifera, Qambelina..._............................................... 108, pi. 46

spinosa, Neobulimina..______..________...____..... 126, pi. 52

spirans, Dentalina legumen______._____..___________ 66

Dentalina lorneiana__..__._____.--..-.-......._...___ 66, pi. 23

Spiroloculina_______.__,_______.__.....:____________ 49

cretacea____..........___................._......._._.._ 49, pi. 14

simplex_._.........._.__......_..........._______._. 49

sp..................................................................... 49, pi. 14

Spiroplectaamericana.-........- ......-...-.._........._....._____ 101

annectens...___.__________________.......________. 103

clotho. r --.....----....-.....:..--......------..-.......... ........-..-... 103

rosula.....-........-...........................................:.......... 101
240 INDEX

Page 

Splroplectammina..._____________________________ 27-29

anceps . _______________________ 28,29 

baudouiniana._.__________.._______________ 27, pi. 5 

bentonensis__________________________________ 33 

dentata-.-.___..______________________..__ 27, pi. 5

excolata_______________.....__________.._ 27, pi. 5

jarvisi.............. ..... ......_.......__............... 29, pi. 6

laevis cretosa._-..._________.________.__. 27-28, pi. 6

lallckeri................................................................ 29, pi. 6

m'ordenensis...______________________________ 28, pi. 6 

navarroana .... ...___________.._________ 27, pi. 5

semicomplanata _____________________________ 28, pi. 6 

juncea.....______________________________ 29, pi. 6

Splroplectoidesclotho...__.__________________________ 103 

papillata._________________.".___________._.__ 102 

rosula...._..______...__________________ 102

spissocostata, Planulina_______________."________'.___ 157, pi. 64 

spisso-costatus, Bobulus_____________._________ 52-53, pis. 16,17 

squamata^gordialis, Trochammina______....._____________.. 18

stelligera, Quinqueloculina_____...____..___...__......__.... 48

Steftsioina.................................................................. 141-142

Stensioina, americana...________________________ 141-142, pi. 65 

excolata........................_____........._____........ 141, pi. 66

stephensoni, Ammobaculites___________._________.__ 24, pi. 3 

Cibicides....__...__....._._._____.............___. 159, pi. 65

Dorothia.................__....___........_._.__.__...... 45, pi. 12

Ellipsonodosaria......___......__......__.__..._.... 134-135, pi. 56

Qaudryina________________________________ 35

(Siphogaudryina),. ________________________. _ 35, pi. 8 

Marginulina___....________________1________ 59-60, pi. 20

. Eobulus..........._......___..__.__...----.__............. 55, pi. 18

speciosa, Ellipsonodosaria ________________________ 135, pi. 56

sternalis, Cristellaria.____________________ .____________ 54

Romulus..........__..........__._......_.............._.... 54, pi. 18

striata, Giimbelina___________________________ 104-105, pi. 45 

Nodosarella..........- ........................................ 134, pi. 55

Textilaria....._....._..._........_...._.____.___........ 104

strlatula, Frondicularia. ___________________________ 90-91, pi. 37

strigillata, Frondicularia archiaciana.______________________ 89

Vaginulina..___________________________________ 81

subalata, Cristellaria...-.__________________________.. 55

subalatus, Robulus______________________________ 55, pi. 18

subcarinatus, Cibicides..._________________________ 159-160, pi. 65

subcomarginata, Vaginulina_________________________ 78, pi. 28

subconica, Oloborotalia._____________________.______ 153, pi. 63

Textularia.___________________________________ 30, pi. 6

trochus cf._____.__________________________ 30

subcretacea, Ammobaculites___________________________ 23

subcretaceus, Ammobaculites________________________ 23, pi. 3

subglabra, Textularia..... __ ___ ^ ___ _________________ 30, pi. 6

subglobosum, Haplophragmoides cf__.____________________ 20 

subgracilis, Vaginulina.____________'.............:............... 81, pi. 30

sublaevis, Lenticulina___________________________ __ 66, pi. 18 

subnodosa, Ellipsoidina...._________.. _______________-__ 137

Ellipsonodosaria-..-.--___________________________ 137, pi. 56

gigantia, Pleurostomella...;______________________ 132, pi. 55

Pleurostomella.._______________________________ 132, pi. 55

subornata, Bulimina__________ _ __ ___________ ____ 121

subplanatus, Ammobaculites.__________________.__.___. 160

subsetigera, Dentalina basiplanata___________..._________. 160

subsphaerica, Globulinalacrima..._____________________ 96-97, pi. 40

Polymorphina_____________'__i__________________ 96

substriata.Lagena__ ..._________'_______________. 95, pi. 39

sulcata semiinterrupta, Lagena_____________._________ 94, pi. 39

suturalis, Flabellina..0______________________________ 82

Palmula.. ... .............-........... ................ 82-83, pi. 32

Vaginulina........-..-..-.-.-.-.--.______.......__.__.__ 81, pi. 30

suturocostata, Vaginulina__________...... .. .... 160

T 

 taurinensis, Bathysiphon._..._.__.....____ 14, pi. 1

taylorana, Lingulina_______________________.. - 77, pi. 27 

Marginulina ....... ... ...... ............. . ... 61, pi. 21

Planoglobulina.... ....... ... ........ 110, pi. 47

Trochammina__... -- -... --- ..... 51, pi. 15

Vaginulina..-...-....-.-.-...---.--......--...-.------------.-:--. 81-82, pi. 28

taylorense, Haplophragmium 26, pi. 5

taylorensis, Ammobaculites 23, pi. 3

Anomalina...- .- ... -. -- - -- 158

Astacolus_._ ---. ..... , -- 53

Bulimina.-........--. .............. .. .................. 123-124, pi. 52

Frankeina.. 25, pi. 5

Haplophragmium.. . 26 

Lituola....... .. - - .--- - 26, pi. 5

J?ago 

taylorensis, Planulina---- ----- ......_.____ .-.-...__ 158, pi. 64

Robulus.. ' . '. . . 53, pi. 18

tegulata, Virgulina.__ . . 126, pi. 53 

tennesseepsis, Anomalina.. -...... . .... 155-156, pi. 64 

tenuis selmaensis, Bolivina..... ... ..._...-. .--- -----__.. 128

tenuistriata, Uvigerina. -- - ...- 117

terquemiana, Polymorphina amygdaloides.. .._ - ..____ 98

Sigmomorphina semitecta . ...- . ...-.-...--.--........ 98, pi. 41

tessera, Giimbclina.-__ -...-._____... ___... 106,109 

texana, Ammobaculites ................... 23

Bolivinoides.__.'_________________ --______-. 112, pi. 48 

Marginulina_____....--.---..__.---------.--.-.--.---...--.---.... 61

Nodosarella.___ . . 133, pi. 55 

Planulina_____ . ----- ... ... 157, pi. 64

Pulvinulinella........... . . . 143-144, pi. 59

Rcctogiimbelina... .. ......-.- -. -..... 109, pi. 46

Reophax___.__...- ... --------- ...--..-... -------- 16

suturocostata, Vaginulina texana. ..... ..______ 160

Trochammina..... .. 50, pi. 15

Vaginulina. __ . - . ------- 77-78, pi. 28

texanum, Chrysalogonium ......... . .._____ 75, pi. 27

texanus, Ammobaculites ... ....................r ............. 23-24, pi. 3

- Reophax.. .-. . -. ... ..-. 16, pi. 1 

texasensis, Marginulina _-_-_- . -.. ..-...-..--..... 61, pi. 21

Massilina_____... ....... ....... ......... 48-49, pi. 14

Textilaria elongata. .. ........i....... ---- -.. 127

faujasi. 32

globifera..- ... .......-.-.-.---..... -.-... ...... 106

globulosa. -.---.-------. ....~............................ 105

striata.-----------. - ---.----..-.--...-......... ........... 104

Textularia__.____-- - . .-.-.-______ 29-30 

agglutinans..------ ---- -------- . -. .. .... 34

baudouiniana_.- --.--.....-----------.-- ---........... 27

concinna .-... -.-.---..- ..... .............. 32,44

conulus . --- -...---.-.. --..-...-..-. . 44-45 

costata.--..---.- .. ... .--.. ....... .- .._-.. 108

dentata__...---. .--. .. ..-.. ......... ............ 27

excolata....------- ... . ...... 27

foeda...... ..-.-.-.-. ... -------- ................ 32

globulosa.- - . - 104 

obsoleta _._._- . ...-..---.----- .... 114

pupa...-.--- ..-- ----------- --.. .... 107

ripleyensis.- - - 29-30, pi. 6

sagittula coonensis. ----- : _.".. 28

semicomplanata....--!-...----------------------------------------------- 28

subconica- - ... .. 30, pi. 6 

subglabra.__.. . . 30, pi. 6 

trochus subconica.- . ..__... 30 

velascoensis. .-.- --- -.- 114

cf. subconica_...- -- ----------.. ..... ...... ...... 30

textulariforrnis, Pseudotextularia variahs ..... .----..-------.- 110, pi. 47

torta, Pleurostomella... . . 133, pi. 55 

triangularis, Bulimina-- ....... 122, pi. 51

Cristellaria...... -... ....................................^ 58

Saracenaria..-.. .. -........--.- 58, pi. 28

tricarinata, Tritaxia... - 39 

tricarinclla, Cristellaria.- ... -.- -----------.-.. 57

Planularia._____ ____ ____..- 57-58, pi. 20

trigonula, Guttulina._ -.- -- -.- -- - ...i 95-96, pi. 40

Polymorphina - . ...... ----------- ....... 95

trihedra, Bulimina___.- ...... -.-.. . . .- 122, pi. 51

trilatera aspera, Clavulina-..-. -. .. --...-- -. -......---- 38

 Clavulina--------.-----.-------------.-.-..------------------.----....... 38

Clavulinoides -_-..-... -.-.-,--.-....-.... ..---.......... 38, pi. 9

concava, Clavulina. -- ----- .. --------.. .... .-.- 38

Clavulinoides.-- -i- 38, pi. 9

plummerae, Clavulinoides..-.-- --.-.._ 38, pi. 9 

trilobata, Marginulina.- -_.--'-._ ___---. ------------------ ..- 64

Marginulina?.-___...--.--.--... _ .. . ..... 64, pi. 22

Vaginulina?------- ---------------- ----------....".'................. 62

Triloculina.__________.-- .. --. _.. - -- -..-.- 49 

circularis.__---------- ------ ------ -.---.-..-..-.. 49, pi. 14

triijitatensis, Bolivinoides.-.. .-. -.. ----- ..----.--.-.-...- 114, pi. 48

Bulimina.____________-_____-____-_____......._ 124, pi. 52

Cribrostomoides------------------------------------------------------- 22, pi. 3

Marginulina--------------------------------- -- ---------------- 64, pi. 22

Robulus-. 54, pi. 18

Trochammina.--. .--- --- -- -------.. _-_--..- 51, pi. 15

tripleura, Marginulina cf- - --------- --------- 61-62, pi. 21

Tritaxia.- !- -- --------------- 31-32

ellisorae. -- -- 32, pi. 7

foveolata... .. -- -- ---------- 42

jarvisi___________________________________ - 31-32, pl..7 

manitobensis__...-.....-.-....-..-...__........................... 31, pi. 7
INDEX 241

, Pugc

Trltnxia pyraniidata....-..-. . . . 31 

tricarinata.... ........:......._.. ... . 39

trltubcrculata, Hantkonlna...__.__ ..................................... 148

Schackoina...................................................... 148-149, pi. 61

Trochornmina.........-...-.-.....................'...-.....-.-.---------..--.. 49-51

albcrtonsls..___......_.......-..-.-..-.-.-......-...... 50, pi. 15

coronata.... . . . ... . . . .. 20

dlagonls...... - - ---- .-- -.-------- ---------- ------- 49-50, pi. 15

globlgeriniformis------ _____... ....... .-.. 51, pi. 15

gyrolclcs..___.__._________ ....._________ 50, pi. 15

Irrogularis clavata.._____..'....................:................... 19

lltulformls....._...........__......................................... 19

rlbstoncnsis..______________.. ________ 50, pi. 15 

squamata gordlalls._______________________.___ . 18 

tayloraua. . . ___.__...... _.. 61, pi. 15

texnua..__....____.______...... ____...... 50, pi. 15

trlnltateusis........................................................ 51, pi. 15

sp--.........-...-.......................--.-..-._......._.....-. 51, pi. 15

Trochammlnoldes......____..___.______._____......... 19

irrcgularls....__....___...______....____..___ . . 20

protous...___________.........._____....___ . 20

volascoonsls____...__..____.....________..__..__ 19, pi. 2

trocholdcs, Allomorphlna.___...._________________.. 145, pi. 60

Bullmlna?-..-.......-.........._._.-----._......__................. 43

Eggorolla?-........................................................... 43, pi. 12

Oaudrylna..__________...__....j..._........ . 46

trocholdcs, Qloblgorlna....______.__________________... 43,145 

Valvullna.-.................................... ................... 43,145

trochus subconlca, Toxtularla__________....______........ 30

Truucatullna boauinontiaua__....___..________..._ ... 160

coononsls.__________.......___.._......____.. 160

oxcolata.-_________________ _____ 141 

rofulgons conica_________._____________________.. 152 

splnca_____________.____.__________________ 142 

vclascoonsls______________________^_____ 145

tuberculata, Bullopora._______________.____.._.__ 99, pi. 42 

Vltrowobblna...._._....................................._.......... 99

Wobblna................................................................. 99

tumldata, Nodosarlalimbata.._______________________ 74, pi. 27

turbinatus, Ammodiscoides.._______ __.... 18, pi. 1

U 

ultlmatumlda, Qttmbolina......_....__..............._.......... .. 107, pi. 46

urhblllcata, Oloborotalla........___..........._.__._........ 153, pi. 63

Oyroldlna...................__...__._........____............ 139

umblllcatula, Valvulineria cf..____.._......................... . 139, pi. 67

undnlata, Kyphopyxa..____________._.__________ 93, pi. 38 

undulosa, Frondicularia--__________.. ________ 87, pi. 34 

UvlgcrinascllgL... ...'..................................... ..*..'...... . 117

tonulstrlata__________________.._____-... . 117

Vaginulina......_____._____..........__...._...^.__........ 77-82

barcoonsis_________________________________ 82, pi. 66 

crctacca_________________________________ 80, pi. 30 

gracilis____.________________________________ 81 

crctacoa _______ 80 

knighti............................................................... 78, pi. 28

raultioostata...__..__......................__._............ 79-80, pi. 29

navarroana._____________.____________ .__ 80-81, pi. 29 

nlobrarensls.______________________________ 78-79, pi. 28 

recta.............-.-. ...............-................-............. 78, pi. 28

rcctilatoralls...._________........________.._..... 78, pi. 28

rcglna.._._ ... ________ . . 77 

solmaonsls.-_..... _______.... __-_________ 79, pi. 29

sunondsl...._____________..__... _________ 79, 80, pi. 29

striglllata...............................................__............. 81

subcomarginata ______ 1... 78, pi. 28 

subgracllls._________.___..._ _____ .. 81, pi. 30 

suturalls._____________________.__________. 81, pi. 30 

tayl'orana................._................................. .. 81-82, pi. 28

toxana............................................................. 77-78, pi. 28

suturocostata.__...._______... ____..._ .... 160

wadcL..................__..............................__....... 79, pi. 29

wobbervlllcnsis________________.... _________ 79, 81, pi. 30

cf. V. simondsl....................................... . ........... 79

sp........................................................................ 77

Vaginulina? trllobata....._________ _..___....._ 62 

8p........................................... .................... .. 79

Valvullna nllomorphlnoldos........... . . 138

trocholdcs.___.... _____ .............. 43,145

Page 

Valvulineria...-....._....... ....-..---.--------------------------.-------- 137-139

allomorphinoiaes______...'. . ^ . ..-. 138, pi. 57 

cretacea............_.......... .. ... .-. --.... .. 138-139, pi. 57

Infrequens.._______________________ ________ 138, pi. 57 

nelsoni...__-.........................................___............ 154

plummerae...________________._.-...-______ 137-138, pi. 67 

cf. V. umbilicatula................... ... . .. . 139, pi. 57

variansmendezensis, Pseudotextularia................ .... .... 110, pi. 47

Pseudotextularia..____________:..___....__.____ 110, pi. 47

clegans________._ ... . 110 

textulariformis, Pseudotextularia...... __.____ 110, pi. 47

velascoense, Nodellum......__...__ ... ..........._...... 17, pi. 1

velascoensis, Allomorphina..___..__.__.........__....... 146, pi. 60

Anomalina..__..__________ - ________ 156, pi. 64 

Bigenerina._______ .______________.______.... 30, pi. 6

velascoensis, Bolivlna_____._________________._ 128-129, pi. 53 

Boliyinoides:________ .. ______________________ 114, pi. 48 

Bullmina...... -- -.-..-- - - --... .-- 124, pi. 52

Ellipsoglandullna............-..-..------------..-.---.....-........ 137, pi. 56

Oaudryina_______.._______- ....... ..______... 124

Globorotalia..--.-------------------------.!-------------........ 153-1543, pi. 63

Giimbelina............................................................... 114

Lentlcullna.__________._._... ________ 57, pi. 19 

Nodosaria.................:........................................ 73-74, pi. 26

fontannesl._.__......_........ ...____..._... 73

Nodosinella___________..._ .. _____.... 17

Pleurostomella_____________________.________.. 133, pi. 55 

Polymorphina_________._........... . ..___.___.. 97

Pulvinulina..._......................................................... 153

Pulvinulinella................_ -.. - ..- __ 145, pi. 60

Pyrulina....._ ... ..........- - - .................. . 97, pi. 40

Botalia................__.........................._................. 145

Textularia....'.- -.. -....... ...... ........ ........... 114

Trochamrninoides_____________________________ 19, pi. 2 

Truncatulina__________________........'................... 145

Ventilabrella.............................................................. 111-112

austiaana.________________________________ 111, pi. 47

carseyae._____.__________________._______ 112, pi. 48 

egged......... _._.._.._.....:.....!...... ._. .__. Ill, pi. 47

glabrata.....__..._..._...............__...__._ 111-112, pi. 47

plummerae._____'______-'-______________..... 112

ventricosa, Olobotruncana.____.________.________ 150, pi. 62 

Qlobotruncana canaliculata_.______ .......__________ 150

Verneuilina.....................................................'.............. 31

bearpawensis__________________ ________ 31, pi. 7 

canadensis..______.______________-_________ 31, pi. 7 

conica..__________________________________.... 44

cretosa...'.....___...__._____.... ......__.__....... 31, pi. 7

polystropha_______________________-___.____ 31, pi. 7 

rotunda______________________ ________.. 46 

sp..................................__.-......-.--.-.__..__........ 46

vern'cuiliana bidentata, Frondicularia _ ________... 85 

fossata, Frondicularia_________________________... 90, pi. 36 

Frondicularia..-.__._......._........__..__...__...... 88,90, pi. 36

Virgulina.................................................................. 126-127

navarroana._______________________________ 126-127, pi. 53 

tegulata................__.................__....__............ 126, pi. 53

vitrea, Buliminella................___. . . .................._ 119, pi. 50

Vitrewebbinalaevis..____.________,________________ 98-99 

tuberculata.__________________..... ____.______.. 99

vulgaris, Lagena_____________.__,____________'.___ 95, pi. 40

W

wadei, Quinqueloculina...___________________________ 49 

Vaginulina-__________________________________ 79, pi. 29

watersi, Bolivina________________________________. 128, pi. 53 

Frondicularia.........._...................__........__........ 91, pi. 37 '

Hastigerinella... ____ -__........._.. ... . 148, pi. 61

Plectina..........._........__..........._....................... 47, pi. 13

Pleurostomella______________________________ 132, pi. 54

webbervilleiisis, Vaginulina...._........._..................._.... 79, 81, pi. 30

Webbina clavata.__________________________1.......... 19

laevis..____________________________________ 98 

tuberculata_________________________.......__ 99

white!, Clavultna aspera._______________________________ 39 

Clavulinoides aspera.___________________________ 39, pi. 9

williamsoni, Cristellaria___. __________________1............... 54

Lenticulinat____________________L»________.. 54

Kobulus..................._.__...................__........... 54, pi. 18

 woodbiuensis, Rcophax...____________________________ 160

Z

zippel alternata, Nodosaria.... . _________ 64

o