1 | Building Technologies Program eere.energy.gov

The Parker Ranch installation in Hawaii

BUILDING TECHNOLOGIES PROGRAM

Distribution Transformers

Energy Conservation Program

Christopher Bolduc on behalf of

U.S. Department of Energy

Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy

November 3, 2011
2 | Building Technologies Program eere.energy.gov

Draft Life-Cycle Cost, Payback Period and National Impacts Analysis 

Results for Medium Voltage Dry-Type Transformers

Prepared for the Medium Voltage Distribution Transformers Negotiated 

Rulemaking Working Group

November 5, 2011

Contents

• Life-Cycle Cost Results for Design Lines 9 – 13B

• Payback Period Results for Design Lines 9 – 13B

• Materials Selection Results for Design Lines 9 – 13B

• National Impacts Results by Efficiency Level for Equipment Classes 5 - 10

• Proposed Trial Standard Levels and Mapping of TSLs to ELs

• National Impacts Results by Trial Standard Level for Equipment Classes 5 - 10

Contents
3 | Building Technologies Program eere.energy.gov

Design Line 9 LCC Results

Efficiency Level

1 2 3 4 5 6

Efficiency (%) 98.99% 99.12% 99.28% 99.38% 99.50% 99.59%

Transformers with Net Increase in LCC (%) 0.90% 1.05% 7.38% 6.21% 15.51% 60.55%

Transformers with No Impact on LCC (%) 99.05% 98.95% 92.62% 93.79% 84.49% 39.45%

Transformers with Net LCC Savings (%) 0.05% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%

Mean LCC Savings ($) 2886 4401 4492 5526 4688 -685

Median LCC Savings ($) 2726 4239 4028 5161 4139 -1436

-10000

-5000

0

5000

10000

15000

CSL 1 CSL 2 CSL 3 CSL 4 CSL 5 CSL 6

Average LCC Savings ($)

Efficiency Level

Design Line 9 Average LCC Savings

Average; Median; Box 25%-75%; Whisker 5%-95%

median

average
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Design Line 10 LCC Results

Efficiency Level

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Efficiency (%) 99.31% 99.40% 99.50% 99.53% 99.60% 99.67% 99.31%

Transformers with Net LCC Cost (%) 1.99% 21.49% 30.31% 30.04% 40.69% 75.51% 1.99%

Transformers with No Change in LCC (%) 97.98% 78.51% 69.69% 69.96% 59.31% 24.49% 97.98%

Transformers with Net LCC Benefit (%) 0.03% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.03%

Mean LCC Savings ($) 4162 4823 4918 5584 4188 -8423 4162

Median LCC Savings ($) 3952 3874 3870 4382 2439 -10599 3952

-40000

-30000

-20000

-10000

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

CSL 1 CSL 2 CSL 3 CSL 4 CSL 5 CSL 6

Average LCC Savings ($)

Efficiency Level

Design Line 10 Average LCC Savings

Average; Median; Box 25%-75%; Whisker 5%-95%

median

average
5 | Building Technologies Program eere.energy.gov

Design Line 11 LCC Results

Efficiency Level

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Efficiency (%) 98.81% 98.94% 99.06% 99.13% 99.32% 99.50% 98.81%

Transformers with Net Increase in LCC (%) 5.17% 41.35% 17.29% 16.89% 32.13% 72.71% 5.17%

Transformers with No Impact on LCC (%) 94.79% 58.65% 82.71% 83.11% 67.87% 27.29% 94.79%

Transformers with Net LCC Savings (%) 0.04% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.04%

Mean LCC Savings ($) 1888 513 2558 2726 2089 -2498 1888

Median LCC Savings ($) 1926 344 2249 2420 1731 -3083 1926

-15000

-10000

-5000

0

5000

10000

15000

CSL 1 CSL 2 CSL 3 CSL 4 CSL 5 CSL 6

Average LCC Savings ($)

Efficiency Level

Design Line 11 Average LCC Savings

Average; Median; Box 25%-75%; Whisker 5%-95%

median

average
6 | Building Technologies Program eere.energy.gov

Design Line 12 LCC Results

Efficiency Level

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Efficiency (%) 99.21% 99.30% 99.39% 99.46% 99.53% 99.59% 99.63%

Transformers with Net LCC Cost (%) 6.94% 8.67% 18.86% 16.70% 23.51% 45.22% 81.29%

Transformers with No Change in LCC (%) 93.06% 91.33% 81.14% 83.30% 76.49% 54.78% 18.71%

Transformers with Net LCC Benefit (%) 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%

Mean LCC Savings ($) 4103 6572 7548 9337 8968 2998 -12277

Median LCC Savings ($) 3698 6060 6645 8613 8012 1538 -13976

-40000

-30000

-20000

-10000

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

CSL 1 CSL 2 CSL 3 CSL 4 CSL 5 CSL 6 CSL 7

Average LCC Savings ($)

Efficiency Level

Design Line 12 Average LCC Savings

Average; Median; Box 25%-75%; Whisker 5%-95%

median

average
7 | Building Technologies Program eere.energy.gov

Design Line 13A LCC Results

Efficiency Level

1 2 3 4 5 6

Efficiency (%) 98.76% 98.85% 98.92% 99.10% 99.29% 99.48%

Transformers with Net Increase in LCC (%) 32.02% 39.01% 49.67% 47.77% 49.68% 93.88%

Transformers with No Impact on LCC (%) 67.98% 60.99% 50.33% 52.23% 50.32% 6.12%

Transformers with Net LCC Savings (%) 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%

Mean LCC Savings ($) 698 707 359 392 481 -9654

Median LCC Savings ($) 518 442 20 164 35 -10453

-20000

-15000

-10000

-5000

0

5000

10000

CSL 1 CSL 2 CSL 3 CSL 4 CSL 5 CSL 6

Average LCC SAvings ($)

Efficiency Level

Design Line 13A Average LCC Savings

Average; Median; Box 25%-75%; Whisker 5%-95%

median

average
8 | Building Technologies Program eere.energy.gov

Design Line 13B LCC Results

Efficiency Level

1 2 3 4 5 6

Efficiency (%) 99.23% 99.31% 99.38% 99.43% 99.49% 99.58%

Transformers with Net Increase in LCC (%) 9.62% 15.86% 31.28% 55.80% 45.98% 55.45%

Transformers with No Impact on LCC (%) 90.38% 84.14% 68.72% 44.20% 54.02% 44.55%

Transformers with Net LCC Savings (%) 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%

Mean LCC Savings ($) 4193 7109 5624 91 2422 -775

Median LCC Savings ($) 3749 5964 4186 -1605 1333 -2276

-30000

-20000

-10000

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

CSL 1 CSL 2 CSL 3 CSL 4 CSL 5 CSL 6

Average LCC Savings ($)

Efficiency Level

Design Line 13B Average LCC Savings

Average; Median; Box 25%-75%; Whisker 5%-95%

median

average
9 | Building Technologies Program eere.energy.gov

Design Line 9 PBP Results

Efficiency Level

1 2 3 4 5 6

Mean Payback (Years) 3.0 3.5 9.4 9.3 12.4 21.5

Median Payback (Years) 2.9 3.4 9.1 9.1 12.1 20.7

Transformers having Well Defined Payback (%) 99.95% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%

Transformers having Undefined Payback (%) 0.05% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%

Mean Retail Cost ($) 12,883 13,304 15,781 16,653 19,056 24,764

Mean Installation Costs ($) 3,127 3,147 3,567 3,737 4,051 4,725

Mean Operating Costs ($) 925 819 658 546 444 390

Mean Incremental First Cost ($) 499 941 3,838 4,880 7,597 13,979

Mean Operating Cost Savings ($) 183 288 450 562 663 718

Payback of Average Transformer 2.7 3.3 8.5 8.7 11.5 19.5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

CSL 1 CSL 2 CSL 3 CSL 4 CSL 5 CSL 6

Average Payback Period (years)

Efficiency Level

Design Line 9 Average Payback Period

Average; Median; Box 25%-75%; Whisker 5%-95%

median

average
10 | Building Technologies Program eere.energy.gov

Design Line 10 PBP Results

Efficiency Level

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Mean Payback (Years) 2.9 13.3 15.6 15.5 17.6 26.6 2.9

Median Payback (Years) 2.0 11.0 15.0 15.0 16.7 24.8 2.0

Transformers having Well Defined Payback (%) 99.80% 99.95% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 99.80%

Transformers having Undefined Payback (%) 0.20% 0.05% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.20%

Mean Retail Cost ($) 43,910 49,012 58,503 59,907 65,164 81,054 43,910

Mean Installation Costs ($) 6,474 6,847 7,858 7,977 8,391 9,477 6,474

Mean Operating Costs ($) 2,772 2,440 1,869 1,750 1,520 1,284 2,772

Mean Incremental First Cost ($) 469 5,943 16,446 17,967 23,639 40,615 469

Mean Operating Cost Savings ($) 250 581 1,153 1,271 1,502 1,737 250

Payback of Average Transformer 1.9 10.2 14.3 14.1 15.7 23.4 1.9

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

CSL 1 CSL 2 CSL 3 CSL 4 CSL 5 CSL 6

Average Payback Period (years)

Efficiency Level

Design Line 10 Average Payback Period

Average; Median; Box 25%-75%; Whisker 5%-95%

median

average
11 | Building Technologies Program eere.energy.gov

Design Line 11 PBP Results

Efficiency Level

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Mean Payback (Years) 0.5 19.7 12.9 12.8 15.9 24.6 0.5

Median Payback (Years) 0.0 15.9 12.5 12.5 15.3 23.5 0.0

Transformers having Well Defined Payback (%) 95.23% 98.04% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 95.23%

Transformers having Undefined Payback (%) 4.77% 1.96% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 4.77%

Mean Retail Cost ($) 22,538 25,170 26,766 27,015 29,817 35,976 22,538

Mean Installation Costs ($) 3,846 4,220 4,263 4,288 4,620 5,203 3,846

Mean Operating Costs ($) 1,003 915 716 692 557 441 1,003

Mean Incremental First Cost ($) -88 2,917 4,557 4,830 7,964 14,706 -88

Mean Operating Cost Savings ($) 97 185 384 408 542 659 97

Payback of Average Transformer -0.9 15.8 11.9 11.8 14.7 22.3 -0.9

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

CSL 1 CSL 2 CSL 3 CSL 4 CSL 5 CSL 6

Average Payback Period (years)

Efficiency Level

Design Line 11 Average Payback Period

Average; Median; Box 25%-75%; Whisker 5%-95%

median

average
12 | Building Technologies Program eere.energy.gov

Design Line 12 PBP Results

Efficiency Level

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Mean Payback (Years) 9.3 10.5 13.4 13.0 14.3 18.3 26.7

Median Payback (Years) 9.0 10.1 13.1 12.8 13.9 17.8 25.8

Transformers having Well Defined Payback (%) 99.97% 99.99% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%

Transformers having Undefined Payback (%) 0.03% 0.01% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%

Mean Retail Cost ($) 59,981 63,536 70,586 73,250 78,188 87,377 103,382

Mean Installation Costs ($) 7,026 7,241 8,132 8,312 8,621 9,268 10,260

Mean Operating Costs ($) 2,965 2,629 2,147 1,897 1,634 1,426 1,333

Mean Incremental First Cost ($) 3,413 7,183 15,125 17,969 23,215 33,051 50,048

Mean Operating Cost Savings ($) 406 742 1,224 1,473 1,736 1,945 2,038

Payback of Average Transformer 8.4 9.7 12.4 12.2 13.4 17.0 24.6

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

CSL 1 CSL 2 CSL 3 CSL 4 CSL 5 CSL 6 CSL 7

Average Payback Period (years)

Efficiency Level

Design Line 12 Average Payback Period

Average; Median; Box 25%-75%; Whisker 5%-95%

median

average
13 | Building Technologies Program eere.energy.gov

Design Line 13A PBP Results

Efficiency Level

1 2 3 4 5 6

Mean Payback (Years) 18.0 19.4 21.6 18.8 19.1 36.0

Median Payback (Years) 12.4 15.2 18.0 18.5 18.6 34.1

Transformers having Well Defined Payback (%) 98.63% 99.93% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%

Transformers having Undefined Payback (%) 1.37% 0.07% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%

Mean Retail Cost ($) 28,159 29,238 30,509 34,312 36,608 47,828

Mean Installation Costs ($) 4,696 4,808 4,948 5,094 5,342 6,429

Mean Operating Costs ($) 1,084 1,019 962 747 605 488

Mean Incremental First Cost ($) 1,226 2,416 3,827 7,776 10,320 22,627

Mean Operating Cost Savings ($) 104 168 226 441 583 700

Payback of Average Transformer 11.8 14.3 16.9 17.6 17.7 32.3

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

CSL 1 CSL 2 CSL 3 CSL 4 CSL 5 CSL 6

Average Payback Period (years)

Efficiency Level

Design Line 13A Average Payback Period

Average; Median; Box 25%-75%; Whisker 5%-95%

median

average
14 | Building Technologies Program eere.energy.gov

Design Line 13B PBP Results

Efficiency Level

1 2 3 4 5 6

Mean Payback (Years) 9.2 12.1 15.7 21.2 18.5 20.2

Median Payback (Years) 7.7 11.3 14.5 19.5 18.2 19.7

Transformers having Well Defined Payback (%) 98.72% 99.94% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%

Transformers having Undefined Payback (%) 1.28% 0.06% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%

Mean Pretail Price ($) 72,264 78,359 84,764 93,784 101,240 113,457

Mean Installation Costs ($) 8,563 9,075 9,445 9,524 9,647 10,251

Mean Operating Costs ($) 4,220 3,707 3,421 3,229 2,694 2,175

Mean Incremental First Cost ($) 2,831 9,437 16,211 25,310 32,890 45,711

Mean Operating Cost Savings ($) 379 893 1,178 1,370 1,905 2,425

Payback of Average Transformer 7.5 10.6 13.8 18.5 17.3 18.9

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

CSL 1 CSL 2 CSL 3 CSL 4 CSL 5 CSL 6

Average Payback Period (years)

Efficiency Level

Design Line 13B Average Payback Period

Average; Median; Box 25%-75%; Whisker 5%-95%

median

average
15 | Building Technologies Program eere.energy.gov

Core Materials Selection

Materials Efficiency Level

Basecase 1 2 3 4 5 6

M12

M6 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

M5 96.4% 0.0% 0.0%

M4

M3 3.6% 36.3% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

M2

H0 0.0% 63.7% 100.0% 97.8% 0.0%

ZDMH 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

SA1 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 2.2% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

Materials Efficiency Level

Basecase 1 2 3 4 5 6

M12

M6

M5 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

M4 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

M3 100.0% 99.7% 31.6% 0.0% 0.0%

M2

H0 0.0% 0.3% 68.4% 1.4% 0.0%

ZDMH

SA1 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 98.7% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

Design Line 9 Design Line10

•These results represent the fraction of each core material sampled 

in the LCC simulation.

•NULL (blank) values indicate the were no designs available for a 

given core material and efficiency level
16 | Building Technologies Program eere.energy.gov

Core Materials Selection (cont)

Materials Efficiency Level

Basecase 1 2 3 4 5 6

M12

M6 0.0%

M5

M4 68.1% 0.0% 0.0%

M3 11.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

M2

H0 20.7% 0.0% 0.3% 0.0% 0.0%

ZDMH 99.2% 97.4% 0.0% 0.0%

SA1 0.0% 0.8% 2.3% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

Design Line 11

Materials Efficiency Level

Basecase 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

M12

M6

M5 0.0% 0.0%

M4 98.2% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

M3 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

M2

H0 1.8% 100.0% 99.6% 0.9% 0.0%

ZDMH

SA1 0.0% 0.0% 0.4% 99.2% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

Design Line 12
17 | Building Technologies Program eere.energy.gov

Core Material Selection (cont)

Design Line 13A

Materials Efficiency Level

Basecase 1 2 3 4 5 6

M12

M6

M5 0.0%

M4 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

M3 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 99.1%

M2

H0 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 1.0%

ZDMH 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

SA1 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

Design Line 13B

Materials Efficiency Level

Basecase 1 2 3 4 5 6

M12

M6

M5 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

M4 97.4% 8.3% 0.0%

M3 1.3% 91.7% 99.9% 86.5%

M2

H0 1.4% 0.0% 0.1% 13.5% 98.3% 0.0%

ZDMH

SA1 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 1.7% 100.0% 100.0%
18 | Building Technologies Program eere.energy.gov

National Impacts Summary Results 

for MV Dry-Type, by Efficiency Level

Summary Results by Efficiency Level for Medium-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers

Efficiency Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer Shipments 2015-2044 (Billion KVA) 0.223 0.224 0.223 0.223 0.223 0.222 0.221 0.221

Equipment Cost ($Billions) 4.827 0.127 -0.109 -0.686 -0.792 -2.202 -3.117 -4.139

Operating Cost (Savings in TSLs) ($Billions) 5.709 0.973 1.610 2.294 2.716 2.690 3.151 3.284

Cumulative Source Savings 2044 (Quads) 0.107 0.182 0.252 0.302 0.299 0.355 0.371

Net Present Value at 3% Discount Rate ($Billions) 1.100 1.501 1.608 1.924 0.487 0.034 -0.856

Net Present Value at 7% Discount Rate ($Billions) 0.375 0.456 0.377 0.457 -0.275 -0.598 -1.081
19 | Building Technologies Program eere.energy.gov

Summary Results by EL for Equipment Class 5

National Impacts Results for MV DryType, by Efficiency Level

Summary Results by EL for Equipment Class 6

Efficiency Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer Shipments 2015-2044 (Billion KVA) 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004

Equipment Cost ($Billions) 0.0087 0.0021 0.0020 0.0008 0.0015 -0.0058 -0.0092 -0.0092

Operating Cost (Savings in TSLs) ($Billions) 0.0122 0.0041 0.0056 0.0071 0.0082 0.0059 0.0069 0.0069

Cumulative Source Savings 2044 (Quads) 0.0005 0.0007 0.0008 0.0009 0.0007 0.0008 0.0008

Net Present Value at 3% Discount Rate ($Billions) 0.0062 0.0077 0.0079 0.0097 0.0001 -0.0023 -0.0023

Net Present Value at 7% Discount Rate ($Billions) 0.0024 0.0028 0.0027 0.0034 -0.0011 -0.0025 -0.0025

Efficiency Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer Shipments 2015-2044 (Billion KVA) 0.0329 0.0330 0.0330 0.0328 0.0329 0.0327 0.0325 0.0325

Equipment Cost ($Billions) 0.5993 0.0545 0.0097 -0.1005 -0.0942 -0.3293 -0.5434 -0.5434

Operating Cost (Savings in TSLs) ($Billions) 0.8131 0.1460 0.2467 0.3712 0.4167 0.3969 0.4658 0.4658

Cumulative Source Savings 2044 (Quads) 0.0166 0.0291 0.0426 0.0479 0.0461 0.0547 0.0547

Net Present Value at 3% Discount Rate ($Billions) 0.2005 0.2564 0.2707 0.3225 0.0676 -0.0776 -0.0776

Net Present Value at 7% Discount Rate ($Billions) 0.0744 0.0834 0.0665 0.0842 -0.0428 -0.1309 -0.1309
20 | Building Technologies Program eere.energy.gov

Summary Results by EL for Equipment Class 7

National Impacts Results for MV DryType, by Efficiency Level

Summary Results by EL for Equipment Class 8

Efficiency Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer Shipments 2015-2044 (Billion KVA) 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005

Equipment Cost ($Billions) 0.0157 0.0033 0.0030 0.0019 0.0031 -0.0078 -0.0111 -0.0140

Operating Cost (Savings in TSLs) ($Billions) 0.0162 0.0054 0.0072 0.0089 0.0103 0.0073 0.0088 0.0092

Cumulative Source Savings 2044 (Quads) 0.0006 0.0008 0.0010 0.0011 0.0008 0.0010 0.0010

Net Present Value at 3% Discount Rate ($Billions) 0.0087 0.0102 0.0109 0.0134 -0.0005 -0.0023 -0.0049

Net Present Value at 7% Discount Rate ($Billions) 0.0034 0.0038 0.0038 0.0049 -0.0017 -0.0029 -0.0043

Efficiency Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer Shipments 2015-2044 (Billion KVA) 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005

Equipment Cost ($Billions) 0.0157 0.0033 0.0030 0.0019 0.0031 -0.0078 -0.0111 -0.0140

Operating Cost (Savings in TSLs) ($Billions) 0.0162 0.0054 0.0072 0.0089 0.0103 0.0073 0.0088 0.0092

Cumulative Source Savings 2044 (Quads) 0.0006 0.0008 0.0010 0.0011 0.0008 0.0010 0.0010

Net Present Value at 3% Discount Rate ($Billions) 0.0087 0.0102 0.0109 0.0134 -0.0005 -0.0023 -0.0049

Net Present Value at 7% Discount Rate ($Billions) 0.0034 0.0038 0.0038 0.0049 -0.0017 -0.0029 -0.0043
21 | Building Technologies Program eere.energy.gov

Summary Results by EL for Equipment Class 9

National Impacts Results for MV DryType by Efficiency Level

Summary Results by EL for Equipment Class 10

Efficiency Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer Shipments 2015-2044 (Billion KVA) 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001

Equipment Cost ($Billions) 0.0024 0.0004 0.0004 0.0003 -0.0003 -0.0038 -0.0046 -0.0046

Operating Cost (Savings in TSLs) ($Billions) 0.0031 0.0008 0.0012 0.0015 0.0013 -0.0003 0.0004 0.0004

Cumulative Source Savings 2044 (Quads) 0.0001 0.0001 0.0002 0.0002 -0.0001 0.0000 0.0000

Net Present Value at 3% Discount Rate ($Billions) 0.0012 0.0016 0.0017 0.0011 -0.0042 -0.0042 -0.0042

Net Present Value at 7% Discount Rate ($Billions) 0.0005 0.0006 0.0006 0.0003 -0.0021 -0.0022 -0.0022

Efficiency Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer Shipments 2015-2044 (Billion KVA) 0.0164 0.0164 0.0164 0.0164 0.0164 0.0163 0.0163 0.0163

Equipment Cost ($Billions) 0.3524 0.0118 -0.0093 -0.0341 -0.0868 -0.3134 -0.3895 -0.3891

Operating Cost (Savings in TSLs) ($Billions) 0.4554 0.0675 0.1221 0.1517 0.1599 0.0892 0.1648 0.1647

Cumulative Source Savings 2044 (Quads) 0.0079 0.0142 0.0177 0.0187 0.0088 0.0182 0.0182

Net Present Value at 3% Discount Rate ($Billions) 0.0793 0.1127 0.1177 0.0731 -0.2242 -0.2247 -0.2245

Net Present Value at 7% Discount Rate ($Billions) 0.0275 0.0340 0.0308 0.0063 -0.1325 -0.1476 -0.1474
22 | Building Technologies Program eere.energy.gov

EC5 EC6 EC7 EC8 EC9 EC10

DL9 DL10 DL11 DL12 DL13A DL13B

TSL1 EL3 EL2 EL4 EL4 EL1 EL2

TSL2 EL6 EL6 EL6 EL7 EL6 EL4

TSL3 EL2 EL3 EL3 EL3 EL4 EL4

TSL4 EL4 EL4 EL4 EL4 EL3 EL3

TSL5 EL5 EL5 EL5 EL5 EL4 EL5

TSL6 EL6 EL6 EL6 EL7 EL6 EL6

Proposed Trial Standard Levels 

and Mapping of TSLs to ELs

The following draft Trial Standard Levels are presented for discussion.

Draft Trial Standard Levels (TSLs) Description

1. Minimum LCC / Max NPV

2. Max Energy Savings with positive (or near zero) NPV at 3% discount rate

3. 30% Reduction in Operating Costs

4. Materials constraint (greatest LCC Savings with M3 steel available as a 

design option)

5. Materials constraint plus (gap-fill between TSL 4 and TSL 6)

6. Maximum Technology
23 | Building Technologies Program eere.energy.gov

National Impacts Results for MV Liquidimmersed, by Trial Standard Level

Summary Results by TSL for Liquid-immersed Transformers

Draft Trial Standard Levels (TSLs) Description

1. Minimum LCC / Max NPV

2. Max Energy Savings with positive (or near zero) NPV at 3% discount 

rate

3. 30% Reduction in Operating Costs

4. Materials constraint (greatest LCC Savings with M3 steel available as 

a design option)

5. Materials constraint plus (gap-fill between TSL 4 and TSL 6)

6. Maximum Technology

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6

Transformer Shipments 2015-2044 (Billion KVA) 0.223 0.223 0.221 0.223 0.223 0.222 0.221

Equipment Cost ($Billions) 4.869 -0.794 -2.940 -0.722 -0.765 -2.243 -4.189

Operating Cost (Savings in TSLs) ($Billions) 5.709 2.421 3.530 2.306 2.697 2.690 3.284

Cumulative Source Savings 2044 (Quads) 0.268 0.400 0.254 0.299 0.299 0.371

Net Present Value at 3% Discount Rate ($Billions) 1.627 0.590 1.584 1.932 0.447 -0.905

Net Present Value at 7% Discount Rate ($Billions) 0.363 -0.387 0.363 0.465 -0.296 -1.106
24 | Building Technologies Program eere.energy.gov

Summary Results by EL for Equipment Class 5

National Impacts Results for MV DryType, by Trial Standard Level

Summary Results by EL for Equipment Class 6

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6

Transformer Shipments 2015-2044 (Billion KVA) 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004

Equipment Cost ($Billions) 0.0087 0.0011 -0.0026 0.0014 0.0015 -0.0058 -0.0092

Operating Cost (Savings in TSLs) ($Billions) 0.0122 0.0059 0.0090 0.0064 0.0082 0.0059 0.0069

Cumulative Source Savings 2044 (Quads) 0.0007 0.0011 0.0007 0.0009 0.0007 0.0008

Net Present Value at 3% Discount Rate ($Billions) 0.0069 0.0064 0.0078 0.0097 0.0001 -0.0023

Net Present Value at 7% Discount Rate ($Billions) 0.0024 0.0015 0.0027 0.0034 -0.0011 -0.0025

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6

Transformer Shipments 2015-2044 (Billion KVA) 0.0329 0.0329 0.0326 0.0328 0.0329 0.0327 0.0325

Equipment Cost ($Billions) 0.5993 -0.0082 -0.3585 -0.0948 -0.0942 -0.3293 -0.5434

Operating Cost (Savings in TSLs) ($Billions) 0.8131 0.2426 0.5217 0.3643 0.4167 0.3969 0.4658

Cumulative Source Savings 2044 (Quads) 0.0287 0.0611 0.0417 0.0479 0.0461 0.0547

Net Present Value at 3% Discount Rate ($Billions) 0.2344 0.1632 0.2695 0.3225 0.0676 -0.0776

Net Present Value at 7% Discount Rate ($Billions) 0.0729 -0.0182 0.0672 0.0842 -0.0428 -0.1309
25 | Building Technologies Program eere.energy.gov

Summary Results by EL for Equipment Class 7

National Impacts Results for MV DryType, by Trial Standard Level

Summary Results by EL for Equipment Class 8

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6

Transformer Shipments 2015-2044 (Billion KVA) 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005

Equipment Cost ($Billions) 0.0157 0.0008 -0.0033 0.0019 0.0031 -0.0078 -0.0140

Operating Cost (Savings in TSLs) ($Billions) 0.0162 0.0091 0.0119 0.0089 0.0103 0.0073 0.0092

Cumulative Source Savings 2044 (Quads) 0.0010 0.0013 0.0010 0.0011 0.0008 0.0010

Net Present Value at 3% Discount Rate ($Billions) 0.0099 0.0086 0.0109 0.0134 -0.0005 -0.0049

Net Present Value at 7% Discount Rate ($Billions) 0.0033 0.0021 0.0038 0.0049 -0.0017 -0.0043

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6

Transformer Shipments 2015-2044 (Billion KVA) 0.1731 0.1724 0.1714 0.1726 0.1726 0.1719 0.1710

Equipment Cost ($Billions) 3.8909 -0.7717 -2.5004 -0.5593 -0.6270 -1.5820 -3.2281

Operating Cost (Savings in TSLs) ($Billions) 4.4093 2.0464 2.8179 1.7540 2.1198 2.1906 2.6368

Cumulative Source Savings 2044 (Quads) 0.2243 0.3167 0.1900 0.2327 0.2422 0.2965

Net Present Value at 3% Discount Rate ($Billions) 1.2747 0.3175 1.1947 1.4928 0.6086 -0.5913

Net Present Value at 7% Discount Rate ($Billions) 0.2547 -0.3876 0.2707 0.3523 -0.1156 -0.8189
26 | Building Technologies Program eere.energy.gov

Summary Results by EL for Equipment Class 9

National Impacts Results for MV DryType by Trial Standard Level

Summary Results by EL for Equipment Class 10

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6

Transformer Shipments 2015-2044 (Billion KVA) 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001

Equipment Cost ($Billions) 0.0024 0.0002 0.0000 0.0001 0.0000 -0.0038 -0.0046

Operating Cost (Savings in TSLs) ($Billions) 0.0031 0.0011 0.0015 0.0016 0.0012 -0.0003 0.0004

Cumulative Source Savings 2044 (Quads) 0.0001 0.0002 0.0002 0.0001 -0.0001 0.0000

Net Present Value at 3% Discount Rate ($Billions) 0.0014 0.0015 0.0016 0.0012 -0.0042 -0.0042

Net Present Value at 7% Discount Rate ($Billions) 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0004 -0.0021 -0.0022

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6

Transformer Shipments 2015-2044 (Billion KVA) 0.0164 0.0164 0.0163 0.0164 0.0164 0.0164 0.0163

Equipment Cost ($Billions) 0.3524 -0.0159 -0.0747 -0.0712 -0.0483 -0.3141 -0.3891

Operating Cost (Savings in TSLs) ($Billions) 0.4554 0.1161 0.1678 0.1704 0.1407 0.0893 0.1647

Cumulative Source Savings 2044 (Quads) 0.0135 0.0196 0.0199 0.0164 0.0088 0.0182

Net Present Value at 3% Discount Rate ($Billions) 0.1002 0.0931 0.0992 0.0924 -0.2247 -0.2245

Net Present Value at 7% Discount Rate ($Billions) 0.0287 0.0150 0.0176 0.0199 -0.1328 -0.1474