69–006 

115TH CONGRESS REPORT " ! HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 1st Session 115–111 

JUVENILE JUSTICE REFORM ACT OF 2017 

MAY 4, 2017.—Committed to the Committee of the Whole House on the State of the 

Union and ordered to be printed 

Ms. FOXX, from the Committee on Education and the Workforce, 

submitted the following 

R E P O R T 

[To accompany H.R. 1809] 

[Including cost estimate of the Congressional Budget Office] 

The Committee on Education and the Workforce, to whom was 

referred the bill (H.R. 1809) to reauthorize and improve the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974, and for other 

purposes, having considered the same, reports favorably thereon 

with an amendment and recommends that the bill as amended do 

pass. 

The amendment is as follows: 

Strike all after the enacting clause and insert the following: 

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 

This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Juvenile Justice Reform Act of 2017’’. 

SEC. 2. TABLE OF CONTENTS. 

The table of contents for this Act is as follows: 

Sec. 1. Short title. 

Sec. 2. Table of contents. 

TITLE I—DECLARATION OF FINDINGS, PURPOSE, AND DEFINITIONS 

Sec. 101. Findings. 

Sec. 102. Purposes. 

Sec. 103. Definitions. 

TITLE II—JUVENILE JUSTICE AND DELINQUENCY PREVENTION 

Sec. 201. Concentration of Federal efforts. 

Sec. 202. Coordinating Council on Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. 

Sec. 203. Annual report. 

Sec. 204. Allocation of funds. 

Sec. 205. State plans. 

Sec. 206. Repeal of juvenile delinquency prevention block grant program. 

Sec. 207. Research and evaluation; statistical analyses; information dissemination. 

Sec. 208. Training and technical assistance. 

Sec. 209. Authorization of appropriations. 

Sec. 210. Administrative authority. 

TITLE III—INCENTIVE GRANTS FOR LOCAL DELINQUENCY PREVENTION PROGRAMS 

Sec. 301. Short Title. 

Sec. 302. Definitions. 

Sec. 303. Duties and functions of the administrator. 

Sec. 304. Grants for delinquency prevention programs. 

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Sec. 305. Grants for tribal delinquency prevention and response programs. 

Sec. 306. Authorization of appropriations. 

Sec. 307. Technical amendment. 

TITLE IV—MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS 

Sec. 401. Evaluation by Government Accountability Office. 

Sec. 402. Accountability and oversight. 

TITLE I—DECLARATION OF FINDINGS, 

PURPOSE, AND DEFINITIONS 

SEC. 101. FINDINGS. 

Section 101(a)(9) of the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974 

(42 U.S.C. 5601(a)(9)) is amended by inserting ‘‘, including offenders who enter the 

juvenile justice system as the result of sexual abuse, exploitation, and trauma,’’ 

after ‘‘young juvenile offenders’’. 

SEC. 102. PURPOSES. 

Section 102 of the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974 (42 

U.S.C. 5602) is amended— 

(1) in paragraph (1), by inserting ‘‘, tribal,’’ after ‘‘State’’; 

(2) in paragraph (2)— 

(A) by inserting ‘‘, tribal,’’ after ‘‘State’’; and 

(B) by striking ‘‘and’’ at the end; 

(3) by amending paragraph (3) to read as follows: 

‘‘(3) to assist State, tribal, and local governments in addressing juvenile crime 

through the provision of technical assistance, research, training, evaluation, and 

the dissemination of current and relevant information on effective and evidencebased programs and practices for combating juvenile delinquency; and’’; and 

(4) by adding at the end the following: 

‘‘(4) to support a continuum of evidence-based or promising programs (including delinquency prevention, intervention, mental health, behavioral health and 

substance abuse treatment, family services, and services for children exposed to 

violence) that are trauma informed, reflect the science of adolescent development, and are designed to meet the needs of at-risk youth and youth who come 

into contact with the justice system.’’. 

SEC. 103. DEFINITIONS. 

Section 103 of the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974 (42 

U.S.C. 5603) is amended— 

(1) in paragraph (8)— 

(A) in subparagraph (B)(ii), by adding ‘‘or’’ at the end; 

(B) by striking subparagraph (C); and 

(C) by redesignating subparagraph (D) as subparagraph (C); 

(2) in paragraph (18)— 

(A) by inserting ‘‘for purposes of title II,’’ before ‘‘the term’’; and 

(B) by adding at the end the following: 

‘‘that has a law enforcement function, as determined by the Secretary of the Interior in consultation with the Attorney General;’’. 

(3) by amending paragraph (22) to read as follows: 

‘‘(22) the term ‘jail or lockup for adults’ means a secure facility that is used 

by a State, unit of local government, or law enforcement authority to detain or 

confine adult inmates;’’; 

(4) by amending paragraph (25) to read as follows: 

‘‘(25) the term ‘sight or sound contact’ means any physical, clear visual, or 

verbal contact that is not brief and inadvertent;’’; 

(5) by amending paragraph (26) to read as follows: 

‘‘(26) the term ‘adult inmate’— 

‘‘(A) means an individual who— 

‘‘(i) has reached the age of full criminal responsibility under applicable State law; and 

‘‘(ii) has been arrested and is in custody for or awaiting trial on a 

criminal charge, or is convicted of a criminal offense; and 

‘‘(B) does not include an individual who— 

‘‘(i) at the time of the time of the offense, was younger than the maximum age at which a youth can be held in a juvenile facility under applicable State law; and 

‘‘(ii) was committed to the care and custody or supervision, including 

post-placement or parole supervision, of a juvenile correctional agency 

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by a court of competent jurisdiction or by operation of applicable State 

law;’’; 

(6) in paragraph (28), by striking ‘‘and’’ at the end; 

(7) in paragraph (29), by striking the period at the end and inserting a semicolon; and 

(8) by adding at the end the following: 

‘‘(30) the term ‘core requirements’— 

‘‘(A) means the requirements described in paragraphs (11), (12), (13), and 

(15) of section 223(a); and 

‘‘(B) does not include the data collection requirements described in subparagraphs (A) through (K) of section 207(1); 

‘‘(31) the term ‘chemical agent’ means a spray or injection used to temporarily 

incapacitate a person, including oleoresin capsicum spray, tear gas, and 2- 

chlorobenzalmalononitrile gas; 

‘‘(32) the term ‘isolation’— 

‘‘(A) means any instance in which a youth is confined alone for more than 

10 minutes in a room or cell; and 

‘‘(B) does not include— 

‘‘(i) confinement during regularly scheduled sleeping hours; 

‘‘(ii) separation based on a treatment program approved by a licensed 

medical or mental health professional; 

‘‘(iii) confinement or separation that is requested by the youth; or 

‘‘(iv) the separation of the youth from a group in a nonlocked setting 

for the limited purpose of calming; 

‘‘(33) the term ‘restraints’ has the meaning given that term in section 591 of 

the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 290ii); 

‘‘(34) the term ‘evidence-based’ means a program or practice that— 

‘‘(A) is demonstrated to be effective when implemented with fidelity; 

‘‘(B) is based on a clearly articulated and empirically supported theory; 

‘‘(C) has measurable outcomes relevant to juvenile justice, including a detailed description of the outcomes produced in a particular population, 

whether urban or rural; and 

‘‘(D) has been scientifically tested and proven effective through randomized control studies or comparison group studies and with the ability to replicate and scale; 

‘‘(35) the term ‘promising’ means a program or practice that— 

‘‘(A) is demonstrated to be effective based on positive outcomes relevant 

to juvenile justice from 1 or more objective, independent, and scientifically 

valid evaluations, as documented in writing to the Administrator; and 

‘‘(B) will be evaluated through a well-designed and rigorous study, as described in paragraph (34)(D); 

‘‘(36) the term ‘dangerous practice’ means an act, procedure, or program that 

creates an unreasonable risk of physical injury, pain, or psychological harm to 

a juvenile subjected to the act, procedure, or program; 

‘‘(37) the term ‘screening’ means a brief process— 

‘‘(A) designed to identify youth who may have mental health, behavioral 

health, substance abuse, or other needs requiring immediate attention, 

intervention, and further evaluation; and 

‘‘(B) the purpose of which is to quickly identify a youth with possible 

mental health, behavioral health, substance abuse, or other needs in need 

of further assessment; 

‘‘(38) the term ‘assessment’ includes, at a minimum, an interview and review 

of available records and other pertinent information— 

‘‘(A) by an appropriately trained professional who is licensed or certified 

by the applicable State in the mental health, behavioral health, or substance abuse fields; and 

‘‘(B) which is designed to identify significant mental health, behavioral 

health, or substance abuse treatment needs to be addressed during a 

youth’s confinement; 

‘‘(39) for purposes of section 223(a)(15), the term ‘contact’ means the points 

at which a youth and the juvenile justice system or criminal justice system officially intersect, including interactions with a juvenile justice, juvenile court, or 

law enforcement official; 

‘‘(40) the term ‘trauma-informed’ means— 

‘‘(A) understanding the impact that exposure to violence and trauma have 

on a youth’s physical, psychological, and psychosocial development; 

‘‘(B) recognizing when a youth has been exposed to violence and trauma 

and is in need of help to recover from the adverse impacts of trauma; and 

‘‘(C) responding in ways that resist retraumatization; 

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‘‘(41) the term ‘racial and ethnic disparity’ means minority youth populations 

are involved at a decision point in the juvenile justice system at higher rates, 

incrementally or cumulatively, than non-minority youth at that decision point; 

‘‘(42) the term ‘status offender’ means a juvenile who is charged with or who 

has committed an offense that would not be criminal if committed by an adult; 

‘‘(43) the term ‘rural’ means an area that is not located in a metropolitan statistical area, as defined by the Office of Management and Budget; 

‘‘(44) the term ‘internal controls’ means a process implemented to provide reasonable assurance regarding the achievement of objectives in— 

‘‘(A) effectiveness and efficiency of operations, such as grant management 

practices; 

‘‘(B) reliability of reporting for internal and external use; and 

‘‘(C) compliance with applicable laws and regulations, as well as recommendations of the Office of Inspector General and the Government Accountability Office; and 

‘‘(45) the term ‘tribal government’ means the governing body of an Indian 

tribe.’’. 

TITLE II—JUVENILE JUSTICE AND 

DELINQUENCY PREVENTION 

SEC. 201. CONCENTRATION OF FEDERAL EFFORTS. 

Section 204 of the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974 (42 

U.S.C. 5614) is amended— 

(1) in subsection (a)— 

(A) in paragraph (1), in the first sentence— 

(i) by striking ‘‘a long-term plan, and implement’’ and inserting the 

following: ‘‘a long-term plan to improve the juvenile justice system in 

the United States, taking into account scientific knowledge regarding 

adolescent development and behavior and regarding the effects of delinquency prevention programs and juvenile justice interventions on adolescents, and shall implement’’; and 

(ii) by striking ‘‘research, and improvement of the juvenile justice system in the United States’’ and inserting ‘‘and research’’; and 

(B) in paragraph (2)(B), by striking ‘‘Federal Register’’ and all that follows 

and inserting ‘‘Federal Register during the 30-day period ending on October 

1 of each year.’’; and 

(2) in subsection (b)— 

(A) by striking paragraph (7); 

(B) by redesignating paragraphs (5) and (6) as paragraphs (6) and (7), respectively; 

(C) by inserting after paragraph (4), the following: 

‘‘(5) not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of the Juvenile Justice 

Reform Act of 2017, in consultation with Indian tribes, develop a policy for the 

Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention to collaborate with representatives of Indian tribes with a criminal justice function on the implementation of the provisions of this Act relating to Indian tribes;’’; 

(D) in paragraph (6), as so redesignated, by adding ‘‘and’’ at the end; and 

(E) in paragraph (7), as so redesignated— 

(i) by striking ‘‘monitoring’’; 

(ii) by striking ‘‘section 223(a)(15)’’ and inserting ‘‘section 223(a)(14)’’; 

and 

(iii) by striking ‘‘to review the adequacy of such systems; and’’ and 

inserting ‘‘for monitoring compliance.’’. 

SEC. 202. COORDINATING COUNCIL ON JUVENILE JUSTICE AND DELINQUENCY PREVENTION. 

Section 206 of the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974 (42 

U.S.C. 5616) is amended— 

(1) in subsection (a)— 

(A) in paragraph (1)— 

(i) by inserting ‘‘the Assistant Secretary for Mental Health and Substance Use, the Secretary of the Interior,’’ after ‘‘the Secretary of 

Health and Human Services,’’; and 

(ii) by striking ‘‘Commissioner of Immigration and Naturalization’’ 

and inserting ‘‘Assistant Secretary for Immigration and Customs Enforcement’’; and 

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(B) in paragraph (2), by striking ‘‘United States’’ and inserting ‘‘Federal 

Government’’; and 

(2) in subsection (c)— 

(A) in paragraph (1), by striking ‘‘paragraphs (12)(A), (13), and (14) of section 223(a) of this title’’ and inserting ‘‘the core requirements’’; and 

(B) in paragraph (2)— 

(i) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by inserting ‘‘, on an 

annual basis’’ after ‘‘collectively’’; and 

(ii) by striking subparagraph (B) and inserting the following: 

‘‘(B) not later than 120 days after the completion of the last meeting of 

the Council during any fiscal year, submit to the Committee on Education 

and the Workforce of the House of Representatives and the Committee on 

the Judiciary of the Senate a report that— 

‘‘(i) contains the recommendations described in subparagraph (A); 

‘‘(ii) includes a detailed account of the activities conducted by the 

Council during the fiscal year, including a complete detailed accounting 

of expenses incurred by the Council to conduct operations in accordance 

with this section; 

‘‘(iii) is published on the Web sites of the Office of Juvenile Justice 

and Delinquency Prevention, the Council, and the Department of Justice; and 

‘‘(iv) is in addition to the annual report required under section 207.’’. 

SEC. 203. ANNUAL REPORT. 

Section 207 of the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974 (42 

U.S.C. 5617) is amended— 

(1) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking ‘‘a fiscal year’’ and inserting ‘‘each fiscal year’’; 

(2) in paragraph (1)— 

(A) in subparagraph (B), by striking ‘‘and gender’’ and inserting ‘‘, gender, 

and ethnicity, as such term is defined by the Bureau of the Census,’’; 

(B) in subparagraph (E), by striking ‘‘and’’ at the end; 

(C) in subparagraph (F)— 

(i) by inserting ‘‘and other’’ before ‘‘disabilities,’’; and 

(ii) by striking the period at the end and inserting a semicolon; and 

(D) by adding at the end the following: 

‘‘(G) a summary of data from 1 month of the applicable fiscal year of the 

use of restraints and isolation upon juveniles held in the custody of secure 

detention and correctional facilities operated by a State or unit of local government; 

‘‘(H) the number of status offense cases petitioned to court, number of status offenders held in secure detention, the findings used to justify the use 

of secure detention, and the average period of time a status offender was 

held in secure detention; 

‘‘(I) the number of juveniles released from custody and the type of living 

arrangement to which they are released; 

‘‘(J) the number of juveniles whose offense originated on school grounds, 

during school-sponsored off-campus activities, or due to a referral by a 

school official, as collected and reported by the Department of Education or 

similar State educational agency; and 

‘‘(K) the number of juveniles in the custody of secure detention and correctional facilities operated by a State or unit of local government who report being pregnant.’’; and 

(3) by adding at the end the following: 

‘‘(5) A description of the criteria used to determine what programs qualify as 

evidence-based and promising programs under this title and title V and a comprehensive list of those programs the Administrator has determined meet such 

criteria in both rural and urban areas. 

‘‘(6) A description of funding provided to Indian tribes under this Act or for 

a juvenile delinquency or prevention program under the Tribal Law and Order 

Act of 2010 (Public Law 111–211; 124 Stat. 2261), including direct Federal 

grants and funding provided to Indian tribes through a State or unit of local 

government. 

‘‘(7) An analysis and evaluation of the internal controls at the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention to determine if grantees are following 

the requirements of the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention 

grant programs and what remedial action the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention has taken to recover any grant funds that are expended 

in violation of the grant programs, including instances— 

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‘‘(A) in which supporting documentation was not provided for cost reports; 

‘‘(B) where unauthorized expenditures occurred; or 

‘‘(C) where subrecipients of grant funds were not compliant with program 

requirements. 

‘‘(8) An analysis and evaluation of the total amount of payments made to 

grantees that the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention recouped from grantees that were found to be in violation of policies and procedures of the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention grant programs, including— 

‘‘(A) the full name and location of the grantee; 

‘‘(B) the violation of the program found; 

‘‘(C) the amount of funds sought to be recouped by the Office of Juvenile 

Justice and Delinquency Prevention; and 

‘‘(D) the actual amount recouped by the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention.’’. 

SEC. 204. ALLOCATION OF FUNDS. 

(a) TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE.—Section 221(b)(1) of the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974 (42 U.S.C. 5631(b)(1)) is amended by striking ‘‘2 percent’’ and inserting ‘‘5 percent’’. 

(b) OTHER ALLOCATIONS.—Section 222 of the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency 

Prevention Act of 1974 (42 U.S.C. 5632) is amended— 

(1) in subsection (a)— 

(A) in paragraph (1), by striking ‘‘age eighteen’’ and inserting ‘‘18 years 

of age, based on the most recent data available from the Bureau of the Census’’; and 

(B) by striking paragraphs (2) and (3) and inserting the following: 

‘‘(2)(A) If the aggregate amount appropriated for a fiscal year to carry out this title is less than $75,000,000, then— 

‘‘(i) the amount allocated to each State other than a State described in clause 

(ii) for that fiscal year shall be not less than $400,000; and 

‘‘(ii) the amount allocated to the United States Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands for that 

fiscal year shall be not less than $75,000. 

‘‘(B) If the aggregate amount appropriated for a fiscal year to carry out this title is not less than $75,000,000, then— 

‘‘(i) the amount allocated to each State other than a State described in clause 

(ii) for that fiscal year shall be not less than $600,000; and 

‘‘(ii) the amount allocated to the United States Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands for that 

fiscal year shall be not less than $100,000.’’; 

(2) in subsection (c), by striking ‘‘efficient administration, including monitoring, evaluation, and one full-time staff position’’ and inserting ‘‘effective and 

efficient administration of funds, including the designation of not less than 1 

individual who shall coordinate efforts to achieve and sustain compliance with 

the core requirements and certify whether the State is in compliance with such 

requirements’’; and 

(3) in subsection (d), by striking ‘‘5 per centum of the minimum’’ and inserting 

‘‘not more than 5 percent of the’’. 

SEC. 205. STATE PLANS. 

Section 223 of the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974 (42 

U.S.C. 5633) is amended— 

(1) in subsection (a)— 

(A) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking ‘‘and shall describe 

the status of compliance with State plan requirements.’’ and inserting ‘‘and 

shall describe how the State plan is supported by or takes account of scientific knowledge regarding adolescent development and behavior and regarding the effects of delinquency prevention programs and juvenile justice 

interventions on adolescents. Not later than 60 days after the date on 

which a plan or amended plan submitted under this subsection is finalized, 

a State shall make the plan or amended plan publicly available by posting 

the plan or amended plan on the State’s publicly available website.’’; 

(B) in paragraph (1), by striking ‘‘described in section 299(c)(1)’’ and inserting ‘‘as designated by the chief executive officer of the State’’; 

(C) in paragraph (3)— 

(i) in subparagraph (A)— 

(I) in clause (i), by inserting ‘‘adolescent development,’’ after ‘‘concerning’’; 

(II) in clause (ii)— 

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(aa) in subclause (II), by inserting ‘‘publicly supported courtappointed legal counsel with experience representing juveniles 

in delinquency proceedings,’’ after ‘‘youth,’’; 

(bb) in subclause (III), by striking ‘‘mental health, education, 

special education’’ and inserting ‘‘child and adolescent mental 

health, education, child and adolescent substance abuse, special education, services for youth with disabilities’’; 

(cc) in subclause (V), by striking ‘‘delinquents or potential 

delinquents’’ and inserting ‘‘delinquent youth or youth at risk 

of delinquency’’; 

(dd) in subclause (VI), by striking ‘‘youth workers involved 

with’’ and inserting ‘‘representatives of’’; 

(ee) in subclause (VII), by striking ‘‘and’’ at the end; 

(ff) by striking subclause (VIII) and inserting the following: 

‘‘(VIII) persons, licensed or certified by the applicable State, with 

expertise and competence in preventing and addressing mental 

health and substance abuse needs in delinquent youth and youth 

at risk of delinquency; 

‘‘(IX) representatives of victim or witness advocacy groups, including at least 1 individual with expertise in addressing the challenges of sexual abuse and exploitation and trauma, particularly 

the needs of youth who experience disproportionate levels of sexual 

abuse, exploitation, and trauma before entering the juvenile justice 

system; and 

‘‘(X) for a State in which 1 or more Indian tribes are located, an 

Indian tribal representative or other individual with significant expertise in tribal law enforcement and juvenile justice in Indian 

tribal communities;’’; 

(III) in clause (iv), by striking ‘‘24 at the time of appointment’’ 

and inserting ‘‘28 at the time of initial appointment’’; and 

(IV) in clause (v) by inserting ‘‘or, if not feasible and in appropriate circumstances, who is the parent or guardian of someone 

who has been or is currently under the jurisdiction of the juvenile 

justice system’’ after ‘‘juvenile justice system’’; 

(ii) in subparagraph (C), by striking ‘‘30 days’’ and inserting ‘‘45 

days’’; and 

(iii) in subparagraph (D)— 

(I) in clause (i), by striking ‘‘and’’ at the end; and 

(II) in clause (ii), by striking ‘‘at least annually recommendations 

regarding State compliance with the requirements of paragraphs 

(11), (12), and (13)’’ and inserting ‘‘at least every 2 years a report 

and necessary recommendations regarding State compliance with 

the core requirements’’; and 

(iv) in subparagraph (E)— 

(I) in clause (i), by adding ‘‘and’’ at the end; and 

(II) in clause (ii), by striking the period at the end and inserting 

a semicolon; 

(D) in paragraph (5)(C), by striking ‘‘Indian tribes’’ and all that follows 

through ‘‘applicable to the detention and confinement of juveniles’’ and inserting ‘‘Indian tribes that agree to attempt to comply with the core requirements applicable to the detention and confinement of juveniles’’; 

(E) in paragraph (7)— 

(i) in subparagraph (A), by striking ‘‘performs law enforcement functions’’ and inserting ‘‘has jurisdiction’’; and 

(ii) in subparagraph (B)— 

(I) in clause (iii), by striking ‘‘and’’ at the end; and 

(II) by striking clause (iv) and inserting the following: 

‘‘(iv) a plan to provide alternatives to detention for status offenders, 

survivors of commercial sexual exploitation, and others, where appropriate, such as specialized or problem-solving courts or diversion to 

home-based or community-based services or treatment for those youth 

in need of mental health, substance abuse, or co-occurring disorder 

services at the time such juveniles first come into contact with the juvenile justice system; 

‘‘(v) a plan to reduce the number of children housed in secure detention and corrections facilities who are awaiting placement in residential 

treatment programs; 

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‘‘(vi) a plan to engage family members, where appropriate, in the design and delivery of juvenile delinquency prevention and treatment 

services, particularly post-placement; 

‘‘(vii) a plan to use community-based services to respond to the needs 

of at-risk youth or youth who have come into contact with the juvenile 

justice system; 

‘‘(viii) a plan to promote evidence-based and trauma-informed programs and practices; and 

‘‘(ix) not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of the Juvenile 

Justice Reform Act of 2017, a plan, which shall be implemented not 

later than 2 years after the date of enactment of the Juvenile Justice 

Reform Act of 2017, to— 

‘‘(I) eliminate the use of restraints of known pregnant juveniles 

housed in secure juvenile detention and correction facilities, during 

labor, delivery, and post-partum recovery, unless credible, reasonable grounds exist to believe the detainee presents an immediate 

and serious threat of hurting herself, staff, or others; and 

‘‘(II) eliminate the use of abdominal restraints, leg and ankle restraints, wrist restraints behind the back, and four-point restraints 

on known pregnant juveniles, unless— 

‘‘(aa) credible, reasonable grounds exist to believe the detainee presents an immediate and serious threat of hurting 

herself, staff, or others; or 

‘‘(bb) reasonable grounds exist to believe the detainee presents an immediate and credible risk of escape that cannot be 

reasonably minimized through any other method;’’; 

(F) in paragraph (8), by striking ‘‘existing’’ and inserting ‘‘evidence-based 

and promising’’; 

(G) in paragraph (9)— 

(i) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by inserting ‘‘, with priority in funding given to entities meeting the criteria for evidence-based 

or promising programs’’ after ‘‘used for’’; 

(ii) in subparagraph (A)— 

(I) in clause (i)— 

(aa) by inserting ‘‘status offenders and other’’ before ‘‘youth 

who need’’; and 

(bb) by striking ‘‘and’’ at the end; 

(II) in clause (ii) by adding ‘‘and’’ at the end; and 

(III) by inserting after clause (ii) the following: 

‘‘(iii) for youth who need specialized intensive and comprehensive 

services that address the unique issues encountered by youth when 

they become involved with gangs;’’; 

(iii) in subparagraph (B)(i)— 

(I) by striking ‘‘parents and other family members’’ and inserting 

‘‘status offenders, other youth, and the parents and other family 

members of such offenders and youth’’; and 

(II) by striking ‘‘be retained’’ and inserting ‘‘remain’’; 

(iv) in subparagraph (E)— 

(I) in the matter preceding clause (i), by striking ‘‘delinquent’’ 

and inserting ‘‘at-risk or delinquent youth’’; and 

(II) in clause (i), by inserting ‘‘, including for truancy prevention 

and reduction’’ before the semicolon; 

(v) in subparagraph (F), in the matter preceding clause (i), by striking ‘‘expanding’’ and inserting ‘‘programs to expand’’; 

(vi) by redesignating subparagraphs (G) through (S) as subparagraphs (H) through (T), respectively; 

(vii) by inserting after subparagraph (F), the following: 

‘‘(G) programs— 

‘‘(i) to ensure youth have access to appropriate legal representation; 

and 

‘‘(ii) to expand access to publicly supported, court-appointed legal 

counsel who are trained to represent juveniles in adjudication proceedings, 

except that the State may not use more than 2 percent of the funds received under section 222 for these purposes;’’; 

(viii) in subparagraph (H), as so redesignated, by striking ‘‘State,’’ 

each place the term appears and inserting ‘‘State, tribal,’’; 

(ix) in subparagraph (M), as so redesignated— 

(I) in clause (i)— 

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(aa) by inserting ‘‘pre-adjudication and’’ before ‘‘post-adjudication’’; 

(bb) by striking ‘‘restraints’’ and inserting ‘‘alternatives’’; and 

(cc) by inserting ‘‘specialized or problem-solving courts,’’ after 

‘‘(including’’; and 

(II) in clause (ii)— 

(aa) by striking ‘‘by the provision by the Administrator’’; and 

(bb) by striking ‘‘to States’’; 

(x) in subparagraph (N), as redesignated— 

(I) by inserting ‘‘and reduce the risk of recidivism’’ after ‘‘families’’; and 

(II) by striking ‘‘so that such juveniles may be retained in their 

homes’’; 

(xi) in subparagraph (S), as so redesignated, by striking ‘‘and’’ at the 

end; 

(xii) in subparagraph (T), as so redesignated— 

(I) by inserting ‘‘or co-occurring disorder’’ after ‘‘mental health’’; 

(II) by inserting ‘‘court-involved or’’ before ‘‘incarcerated’’; 

(III) by striking ‘‘suspected to be’’; 

(IV) by striking ‘‘and discharge plans’’ and inserting ‘‘provision of 

treatment, and development of discharge plans’’; and 

(V) by striking the period at the end and inserting a semicolon; 

and 

(xiii) by inserting after subparagraph (T) the following: 

‘‘(U) programs and projects designed— 

‘‘(i) to inform juveniles of the opportunity and process for sealing and 

expunging juvenile records; and 

‘‘(ii) to assist juveniles in pursuing juvenile record sealing and 

expungements for both adjudications and arrests not followed by adjudications; 

except that the State may not use more than 2 percent of the funds received under section 222 for these purposes; 

‘‘(V) programs that address the needs of girls in or at risk of entering the 

juvenile justice system, including pregnant girls, young mothers, victims of 

sexual abuse, survivors of commercial sexual exploitation or domestic child 

sex trafficking, girls with disabilities, and girls of color, including girls who 

are members of an Indian tribe; and 

‘‘(W) monitoring for compliance with the core requirements and providing 

training and technical assistance on the core requirements to secure facilities;’’; 

(H) by striking paragraph (11) and inserting the following: 

‘‘(11)(A) in accordance with rules issued by the Administrator, provide that a 

juvenile shall not be placed in a secure detention facility or a secure correctional 

facility, if— 

‘‘(i) the juvenile is charged with or has committed an offense that would 

not be criminal if committed by an adult, excluding— 

‘‘(I) a juvenile who is charged with or has committed a violation of 

section 922(x)(2) of title 18, United States Code, or of a similar State 

law; 

‘‘(II) a juvenile who is charged with or has committed a violation of 

a valid court order issued and reviewed in accordance with paragraph 

(23); and 

‘‘(III) a juvenile who is held in accordance with the Interstate Compact on Juveniles as enacted by the State; or 

‘‘(ii) the juvenile— 

‘‘(I) is not charged with any offense; and 

‘‘(II)(aa) is an alien; or 

‘‘(bb) is alleged to be dependent, neglected, or abused; and 

‘‘(B) require that— 

‘‘(i) not later than 3 years after the date of enactment of the Juvenile Justice Reform Act of 2017, unless a court finds, after a hearing and in writing, 

that it is in the interest of justice, juveniles awaiting trial or other legal 

process who are treated as adults for purposes of prosecution in criminal 

court and housed in a secure facility— 

‘‘(I) shall not have sight or sound contact with adult inmates; and 

‘‘(II) except as provided in paragraph (13), may not be held in any 

jail or lockup for adults; 

10 

‘‘(ii) in determining under subparagraph (A) whether it is in the interest 

of justice to permit a juvenile to be held in any jail or lockup for adults, 

or have sight or sound contact with adult inmates, a court shall consider— 

‘‘(I) the age of the juvenile; 

‘‘(II) the physical and mental maturity of the juvenile; 

‘‘(III) the present mental state of the juvenile, including whether the 

juvenile presents an imminent risk of harm to the juvenile; 

‘‘(IV) the nature and circumstances of the alleged offense; 

‘‘(V) the juvenile’s history of prior delinquent acts; 

‘‘(VI) the relative ability of the available adult and juvenile detention 

facilities to not only meet the specific needs of the juvenile but also to 

protect the safety of the public as well as other detained youth; and 

‘‘(VII) any other relevant factor; and 

‘‘(iii) if a court determines under subparagraph (A) that it is in the interest of justice to permit a juvenile to be held in any jail or lockup for 

adults— 

‘‘(I) the court shall hold a hearing not less frequently than once every 

30 days, or in the case of a rural jurisdiction, not less frequently than 

once every 45 days, to review whether it is still in the interest of justice 

to permit the juvenile to be so held or have such sight or sound contact; 

and 

‘‘(II) the juvenile shall not be held in any jail or lockup for adults, 

or permitted to have sight or sound contact with adult inmates, for 

more than 180 days, unless the court, in writing, determines there is 

good cause for an extension or the juvenile expressly waives this limitation;’’. 

(I) in paragraph (12)(A), by striking ‘‘contact’’ and inserting ‘‘sight or 

sound contact’’; 

(J) in paragraph (13), by striking ‘‘contact’’ each place it appears and inserting ‘‘sight or sound contact’’; 

(K) in paragraph (14)— 

(i) by striking ‘‘adequate system’’ and inserting ‘‘effective system’’; 

(ii) by inserting ‘‘lock-ups,’’ after ‘‘monitoring jails,’’; 

(iii) by inserting ‘‘and’’ after ‘‘detention facilities,’’; 

(iv) by striking ‘‘, and non-secure facilities’’; 

(v) by striking ‘‘insure’’ and inserting ‘‘ensure’’; 

(vi) by striking ‘‘requirements of paragraphs (11), (12), and (13)’’ and 

inserting ‘‘core requirements’’; and 

(vii) by striking ‘‘, in the opinion of the Administrator,’’; 

(L) by striking paragraphs (22) and (27); 

(M) by redesignating paragraph (28) as paragraph (27); 

(N) by redesignating paragraphs (15) through (21) as paragraphs (16) 

through (22), respectively; 

(O) by inserting after paragraph (14) the following: 

‘‘(15) implement policy, practice, and system improvement strategies at the 

State, territorial, local, and tribal levels, as applicable, to identify and reduce 

racial and ethnic disparities among youth who come into contact with the juvenile justice system, without establishing or requiring numerical standards or 

quotas, by— 

‘‘(A) establishing or designating existing coordinating bodies, composed of 

juvenile justice stakeholders, (including representatives of the educational 

system) at the State, local, or tribal levels, to advise efforts by States, units 

of local government, and Indian tribes to reduce racial and ethnic disparities; 

‘‘(B) identifying and analyzing data on race and ethnicity at all decision 

points in State, local, or tribal juvenile justice systems to determine which 

key points create racial and ethnic disparities among youth who come into 

contact with the juvenile justice system; and 

‘‘(C) developing and implementing a work plan that includes measurable 

objectives for policy, practice, or other system changes, based on the needs 

identified in the data collection and analysis under subparagraph (B);’’; 

(P) in paragraph (16), as so redesignated, by inserting ‘‘ethnicity,’’ after 

‘‘race,’’; 

(Q) in paragraph (21), as so redesignated, by striking ‘‘local,’’ each place 

the term appears and inserting ‘‘local, tribal,’’; 

(R) in paragraph (23)— 

(i) in subparagraphs (A), (B), and (C), by striking ‘‘juvenile’’ each 

place it appears and inserting ‘‘status offender’’; 

(ii) in subparagraph (B), by striking ‘‘and’’ at the end; 

11 

(iii) in subparagraph (C)— 

(I) in clause (i), by striking ‘‘and’’ at the end; 

(II) in clause (ii), by adding ‘‘and’’ at the end; and 

(III) by adding at the end the following: 

‘‘(iii) if such court determines the status offender should be placed in 

a secure detention facility or correctional facility for violating such 

order— 

‘‘(I) the court shall issue a written order that— 

‘‘(aa) identifies the valid court order that has been violated; 

‘‘(bb) specifies the factual basis for determining that there is 

reasonable cause to believe that the status offender has violated such order; 

‘‘(cc) includes findings of fact to support a determination that 

there is no appropriate less restrictive alternative available to 

placing the status offender in such a facility, with due consideration to the best interest of the juvenile; 

‘‘(dd) specifies the length of time, not to exceed 7 days, that 

the status offender may remain in a secure detention facility 

or correctional facility, and includes a plan for the status offender’s release from such facility; and 

‘‘(ee) may not be renewed or extended; and 

‘‘(II) the court may not issue a second or subsequent order described in subclause (I) relating to a status offender unless the status offender violates a valid court order after the date on which the 

court issues an order described in subclause (I);’’; and 

(iv) by adding at the end the following: 

‘‘(D) there are procedures in place to ensure that any status offender held 

in a secure detention facility or correctional facility pursuant to a court 

order described in this paragraph does not remain in custody longer than 

7 days or the length of time authorized by the court, whichever is shorter; 

and 

‘‘(E) not later than September 30, 2020 (with a 1-year extension for each 

additional fiscal year that a State can demonstrate hardship, as determined 

by the State, and submits in writing evidence of such hardship to the Administrator which shall be considered approved unless the Administrator 

justifies to the State in writing that the hardship does not qualify for an 

exemption), the State will eliminate the use of valid court orders to provide 

secure confinement of status offenders, except that juveniles may be held 

in secure confinement in accordance with the Interstate Compact for Juveniles if the judge issues a written order that— 

‘‘(i) specifies the factual basis to believe that the State has the authority to detain the juvenile under the terms of the Interstate Compact for Juveniles; 

‘‘(ii) includes findings of fact to support a determination that there 

is no appropriate less restrictive alternative available to placing the juvenile in such a facility, with due consideration to the best interest of 

the juvenile; 

‘‘(iii) specifies the length of time a juvenile may remain in secure confinement, not to exceed 15 days, and includes a plan for the return of 

the juvenile to the home State of the juvenile; and 

‘‘(iv) may not be renewed or extended;’’; 

(S) in paragraph (26)— 

(i) by inserting ‘‘and in accordance with confidentiality concerns,’’ 

after ‘‘maximum extent practicable,’’; and 

(ii) by striking the semicolon at the end and inserting the following: 

‘‘, so as to provide for— 

‘‘(A) data in child abuse or neglect reports relating to juveniles entering 

the juvenile justice system with a prior reported history of arrest, court intake, probation and parole, juvenile detention, and corrections; and 

‘‘(B) a plan to use the data described in subparagraph (A) to provide necessary services for the treatment of such victims of child abuse or neglect;’’; 

(T) in paragraph (27), as so redesignated, by striking the period at the 

end and inserting a semicolon; and 

(U) by adding at the end the following: 

‘‘(28) provide for the coordinated use of funds provided under this title with 

other Federal and State funds directed at juvenile delinquency prevention and 

intervention programs; 

‘‘(29) describe the policies, procedures, and training in effect for the staff of 

juvenile State correctional facilities to eliminate the use of dangerous practices, 

12 

unreasonable restraints, and unreasonable isolation, including by developing effective behavior management techniques; 

‘‘(30) describe— 

‘‘(A) the evidence-based methods that will be used to conduct mental 

health and substance abuse screening, assessment, referral, and treatment 

for juveniles who— 

‘‘(i) request a screening; 

‘‘(ii) show signs of needing a screening; or 

‘‘(iii) are held for a period of more than 24 hours in a secure facility 

that provides for an initial screening; and 

‘‘(B) how the State will seek, to the extent practicable, to provide or arrange for mental health and substance abuse disorder treatment for juveniles determined to be in need of such treatment; 

‘‘(31) describe how reentry planning by the State for juveniles will include— 

‘‘(A) a written case plan based on an assessment of needs that includes— 

‘‘(i) the pre-release and post-release plans for the juveniles; 

‘‘(ii) the living arrangement to which the juveniles are to be discharged; and 

‘‘(iii) any other plans developed for the juveniles based on an individualized assessment; and 

‘‘(B) review processes; 

‘‘(32) provide an assurance that the agency of the State receiving funds under 

this title collaborates with the State educational agency receiving assistance 

under part A of title I of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 

(20 U.S.C. 6311 et seq.) to develop and implement a plan to ensure that, in 

order to support educational progress— 

‘‘(A) the student records of adjudicated juveniles, including electronic 

records if available, are transferred in a timely manner from the educational program in the juvenile detention or secure treatment facility to 

the educational or training program into which the juveniles will enroll; 

‘‘(B) the credits of adjudicated juveniles are transferred; and 

‘‘(C) adjudicated juveniles receive full or partial credit toward high school 

graduation for secondary school coursework satisfactorily completed before 

and during the period of time during which the juveniles are held in custody, regardless of the local educational agency or entity from which the 

credits were earned; and 

‘‘(33) describe policies and procedures to— 

‘‘(A) screen for, identify, and document in records of the State the identification of victims of domestic human trafficking, or those at risk of such 

trafficking, upon intake; and 

‘‘(B) divert youth described in subparagraph (A) to appropriate programs 

or services, to the extent practicable.’’; 

(2) by amending subsection (c) to read as follows: 

‘‘(c)(1) If a State fails to comply with any of the core requirements in any fiscal 

year, then— 

‘‘(A) subject to subparagraph (B), the amount allocated to such State under 

section 222 for the subsequent fiscal year shall be reduced by not less than 20 

percent for each core requirement with respect to which the failure occurs; and 

‘‘(B) the State shall be ineligible to receive any allocation under such section 

for such fiscal year unless— 

‘‘(i) the State agrees to expend 50 percent of the amount allocated to the 

State for such fiscal year to achieve compliance with any such core requirement with respect to which the State is in noncompliance; or 

‘‘(ii) the Administrator determines that the State— 

‘‘(I) has achieved substantial compliance with such applicable requirements with respect to which the State was not in compliance; and 

‘‘(II) has made, through appropriate executive or legislative action, an 

unequivocal commitment to achieving full compliance with such applicable requirements within a reasonable time. 

‘‘(2) Of the total amount of funds not allocated for a fiscal year under paragraph 

(1)— 

‘‘(A) 50 percent of the unallocated funds shall be reallocated under section 222 

to States that have not failed to comply with the core requirements; and 

‘‘(B) 50 percent of the unallocated funds shall be used by the Administrator 

to provide additional training and technical assistance to States for the purpose 

of promoting compliance with the core requirements.’’; 

(3) in subsection (d)— 

(A) by striking ‘‘described in paragraphs (11), (12), (13), and (22) of subsection (a)’’ and inserting ‘‘described in the core requirements’’; and 

13 

(B) by striking ‘‘the requirements under paragraphs (11), (12), (13), and 

(22) of subsection (a)’’ and inserting ‘‘the core requirements’’; 

(4) in subsection (f)(2)— 

(A) by striking subparagraph (A); and 

(B) by redesignating subparagraphs (B) through (E) as subparagraphs (A) 

through (D), respectively; and 

(5) by adding at the end the following: 

‘‘(g) COMPLIANCE DETERMINATION.— 

‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—For each fiscal year, the Administrator shall make a determination regarding whether each State receiving a grant under this title is in 

compliance or out of compliance with respect to each of the core requirements. 

‘‘(2) REPORTING.—The Administrator shall— 

‘‘(A) issue an annual public report— 

‘‘(i) describing any determination described in paragraph (1) made 

during the previous year, including a summary of the information on 

which the determination is based and the actions to be taken by the 

Administrator (including a description of any reduction imposed under 

subsection (c)); and 

‘‘(ii) for any such determination that a State is out of compliance with 

any of the core requirements, describing the basis for the determination; and 

‘‘(B) make the report described in subparagraph (A) available on a publicly available website. 

‘‘(3) DETERMINATIONS REQUIRED.—The Administrator may not— 

‘‘(A) determine that a State is ‘not out of compliance’, or issue any other 

determination not described in paragraph (1), with respect to any core requirement; or 

‘‘(B) otherwise fail to make the compliance determinations required under 

paragraph (1).’’. 

SEC. 206. REPEAL OF JUVENILE DELINQUENCY PREVENTION BLOCK GRANT PROGRAM. 

Part C of title II of the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974 

(42 U.S.C. 5651 et seq.) is repealed. 

SEC. 207. RESEARCH AND EVALUATION; STATISTICAL ANALYSES; INFORMATION DISSEMINATION. 

Section 251 of the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974 (42 

U.S.C. 5661) is amended— 

(1) in subsection (a)— 

(A) in paragraph (1)— 

(i) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by striking ‘‘may’’ and 

inserting ‘‘shall’’; 

(ii) in subparagraph (A), by striking ‘‘plan and identify’’ and inserting 

‘‘annually publish a plan to identify’’; and 

(iii) in subparagraph (B)— 

(I) by striking clause (iii) and inserting the following: 

‘‘(iii) successful efforts to prevent status offenders and first-time minor offenders from subsequent involvement with the juvenile justice and criminal 

justice systems;’’; 

(II) by striking clause (vii) and inserting the following: 

‘‘(vii) the prevalence and duration of behavioral health needs (including 

mental health, substance abuse, and co-occurring disorders) among juveniles pre-placement and post-placement in the juvenile justice system, including an examination of the effects of secure confinement;’’; 

(III) by redesignating clauses (ix), (x), and (xi) as clauses (xvi), 

(xvii), and (xviii), respectively; and 

(IV) by inserting after clause (viii) the following: 

‘‘(ix) training efforts and reforms that have produced reductions in or 

elimination of the use of dangerous practices; 

‘‘(x) methods to improve the recruitment, selection, training, and retention of professional personnel who are focused on the prevention, identification, and treatment of delinquency; 

‘‘(xi) methods to improve the identification and response to victims of domestic child sex trafficking within the juvenile justice system; 

‘‘(xii) identifying positive outcome measures, such as attainment of employment and educational degrees, that States and units of local government should use to evaluate the success of programs aimed at reducing recidivism of youth who have come in contact with the juvenile justice system 

or criminal justice system; 

14 

‘‘(xiii) evaluating the impact and outcomes of the prosecution and sentencing of juveniles as adults; 

‘‘(xiv) evaluating the impact of fines, fees, and other costs assessed by the 

juvenile justice system on the long-term disposition of status offenders and 

other juveniles; 

‘‘(xv) successful and cost-effective efforts by States and units of local government to reduce recidivism through policies that provide for consideration 

of appropriate alternative sanctions to incarceration of youth facing nonviolent charges, while ensuring that public safety is preserved;’’; and 

(B) in paragraph (4)— 

(i) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A)— 

(I) by striking ‘‘date of enactment of this paragraph, the’’ and inserting ‘‘date of enactment of the Juvenile Justice Reform Act of 

2017, the’’; and 

(II) by inserting ‘‘in accordance with relevant confidentiality requirements’’ after ‘‘wards of the State’’; and 

(ii) in subparagraph (D), by inserting ‘‘and Indian tribes’’ after 

‘‘State’’; 

(iii) in subparagraph (F), by striking ‘‘and’’ at the end; 

(iv) in subparagraph (G), by striking the period at the end and inserting a semicolon; and 

(v) by adding at the end the following: 

‘‘(H) a description of the best practices in discharge planning; and 

‘‘(I) an assessment of living arrangements for juveniles who, upon release 

from confinement in a State correctional facility, cannot return to the residence 

they occupied prior to such confinement.’’; 

(2) in subsection (b), in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking ‘‘may’’ 

and inserting ‘‘shall’’; and 

(3) by adding at the end the following: 

‘‘(f) NATIONAL RECIDIVISM MEASURE.—The Administrator, in accordance with applicable confidentiality requirements and in consultation with experts in the field 

of juvenile justice research, recidivism, and data collection, shall— 

‘‘(1) establish a uniform method of data collection and technology that States 

may use to evaluate data on juvenile recidivism on an annual basis; 

‘‘(2) establish a common national juvenile recidivism measurement system; 

and 

‘‘(3) make cumulative juvenile recidivism data that is collected from States 

available to the public.’’. 

SEC. 208. TRAINING AND TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE. 

Section 252 of the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974 (42 

U.S.C. 5662) is amended— 

(1) in subsection (a)— 

(A) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking ‘‘may’’; 

(B) in paragraph (1)— 

(i) by inserting ‘‘shall’’ before ‘‘develop and carry out projects’’; and 

(ii) by striking ‘‘and’’ after the semicolon; 

(C) in paragraph (2)— 

(i) by inserting ‘‘may’’ before ‘‘make grants to and contracts with’’; 

and 

(ii) by striking the period at the end and inserting ‘‘; and’’; and 

(D) by adding at the end the following: 

‘‘(3) shall provide periodic training for States regarding implementation of the 

core requirements, current protocols and best practices for achieving and monitoring compliance, and information sharing regarding relevant Office resources 

on evidence-based and promising programs or practices that promote the purposes of this Act.’’; 

(2) in subsection (b)— 

(A) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking ‘‘may’’; 

(B) in paragraph (1)— 

(i) by inserting ‘‘shall’’ before ‘‘develop and implement projects’’; 

(ii) by inserting ‘‘, including compliance with the core requirements’’ 

after ‘‘this title’’; and 

(iii) by striking ‘‘and’’ at the end; 

(C) in paragraph (2)— 

(i) by inserting ‘‘may’’ before ‘‘make grants to and contracts with’’; 

and 

(ii) by striking the period at the end and inserting a semicolon; and 

(D) by adding at the end the following: 

15 

‘‘(3) shall provide technical assistance to States and units of local government 

on achieving compliance with the amendments to the core requirements and 

State Plans made by the Juvenile Justice Reform Act of 2017, including training 

and technical assistance and, when appropriate, pilot or demonstration projects 

intended to develop and replicate best practices for achieving sight and sound 

separation in facilities or portions of facilities that are open and available to the 

general public and that may or may not contain a jail or a lock-up; and 

‘‘(4) shall provide technical assistance to States in support of efforts to establish partnerships between a State and a university, institution of higher education, or research center designed to improve the recruitment, selection, training, and retention of professional personnel in the fields of medicine, law enforcement, the judiciary, juvenile justice, social work and child protection, education, and other relevant fields who are engaged in, or intend to work in, the 

field of prevention, identification, and treatment of delinquency.’’; 

(3) in subsection (c)— 

(A) by inserting ‘‘prosecutors,’’ after ‘‘public defenders,’’; and 

(B) by inserting ‘‘status offenders and’’ after ‘‘needs of’’; and 

(4) by adding at the end the following: 

‘‘(d) BEST PRACTICES REGARDING LEGAL REPRESENTATION OF CHILDREN.—In consultation with experts in the field of juvenile defense, the Administrator shall— 

‘‘(1) share best practices, which may include sharing standards of practice developed by recognized entities in the profession, for attorneys representing children; and 

‘‘(2) provide a State, if it so requests, technical assistance to implement any 

of the best practices shared under paragraph (1). 

‘‘(e) TRAINING AND TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE FOR LOCAL AND STATE JUVENILE DETENTION AND CORRECTIONS PERSONNEL.—The Administrator shall coordinate training and technical assistance programs with juvenile detention and corrections personnel of States and units of local government— 

‘‘(1) to promote methods for improving conditions of juvenile confinement, including methods that are designed to minimize the use of dangerous practices, 

unreasonable restraints, and isolation and methods responsive to cultural differences; and 

‘‘(2) to encourage alternative behavior management techniques based on positive youth development approaches, which may include policies and procedures 

to train personnel to be culturally competent. 

‘‘(f) TRAINING AND TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TO SUPPORT MENTAL HEALTH OR SUBSTANCE ABUSE TREATMENT INCLUDING HOME-BASED OR COMMUNITY-BASED CARE.— 

The Administrator shall provide training and technical assistance, in conjunction 

with the appropriate public agencies, to individuals involved in making decisions regarding the disposition and management of cases for youth who enter the juvenile 

justice system about the appropriate services and placement for youth with mental 

health or substance abuse needs, including— 

‘‘(1) juvenile justice intake personnel; 

‘‘(2) probation officers; 

‘‘(3) juvenile court judges and court services personnel; 

‘‘(4) prosecutors and court-appointed counsel; and 

‘‘(5) family members of juveniles and family advocates. 

‘‘(g) TRAINING AND TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TO SUPPORT JUVENILE COURT JUDGES

AND PERSONNEL.—The Attorney General, acting through the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention and the Office of Justice Programs, shall provide 

training and technical assistance, in conjunction with the appropriate public agencies, to enhance the capacity of State and local courts, judges, and related judicial 

personnel to— 

‘‘(1) improve the lives of children currently involved in or at risk of being involved in the juvenile court system; and 

‘‘(2) carry out the requirements of this Act. 

‘‘(h) FREE AND REDUCED PRICE SCHOOL LUNCHES FOR INCARCERATED JUVENILES.— 

The Attorney General, in consultation with the Secretary of Agriculture, shall provide guidance to States relating to existing options for school food authorities in the 

States to apply for reimbursement for free or reduced price lunches under the Richard B. Russell National School Lunch Act (42 U.S.C. 1751 et seq.) for juveniles who 

are incarcerated and would, if not incarcerated, be eligible for free or reduced price 

lunches under that Act.’’. 

SEC. 209. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS. 

Section 299 of the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974 (42 

U.S.C. 5671) is amended— 

16 

(1) by striking subsections (b) and (c), and redesignating subsection (d) as 

subsection (b); 

(2) in subsection (a)— 

(A) in the heading, by striking ‘‘(EXCLUDING PARTS C AND E)’’; 

(B) by striking paragraph (1) and inserting the following: 

‘‘(1) There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this title— ‘‘(A) $76,125,000 for fiscal year 2018; 

‘‘(B) $76,125,000 for fiscal year 2019; 

‘‘(C) $77,266,875 for fiscal year 2020; 

‘‘(D) $78,425,878 for fiscal year 2021; and 

‘‘(E) $79,602,266 for fiscal year 2022.’’; and 

(C) in paragraph (2)— 

(i) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by striking ‘‘(other than 

parts C and E)’’; and 

(ii) in subparagraph (C), by striking ‘‘part D’’ and inserting ‘‘parts D 

and E’’. 

SEC. 210. ADMINISTRATIVE AUTHORITY. 

Section 299A of the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974 (42 

U.S.C. 5672) is amended— 

(1) in subsection (d)— 

(A) by inserting ‘‘(1)’’ before ‘‘The Administrator’’; 

(B) by striking ‘‘, after appropriate consultation with representatives of 

States and units of local government,’’; 

(C) by inserting ‘‘guidance,’’ after ‘‘regulations,’’; and 

(D) by adding at the end the following: ‘‘In developing guidance and procedures, the Administrator shall consult with representatives of States and 

units of local government, including those individuals responsible for administration of this Act and compliance with the core requirements. 

‘‘(2) The Administrator shall ensure that— 

‘‘(A) reporting, compliance reporting, State plan requirements, and other similar documentation as may be required from States is requested in a manner 

that respects confidentiality, encourages efficiency and reduces the duplication 

of reporting efforts; and 

‘‘(B) States meeting all the core requirements are encouraged to experiment 

with offering innovative, data-driven programs designed to further improve the 

juvenile justice system.’’; and 

(2) in subsection (e), by striking ‘‘requirements described in paragraphs (11), 

(12), and (13) of section 223(a)’’ and inserting ‘‘core requirements’’. 

TITLE III—INCENTIVE GRANTS FOR LOCAL 

DELINQUENCY PREVENTION PROGRAMS 

SEC. 301. SHORT TITLE. 

Section 501 of the Incentive Grants for Local Delinquency Prevention Programs 

Act of 2002 (42 U.S.C. 5601 note) is amended— 

(1) by inserting ‘‘Youth Promise’’ before ‘‘Incentive Grants’’; and 

(2) by striking ‘‘2002’’ and inserting ‘‘2017’’. 

SEC. 302. DEFINITIONS. 

Section 502 of the Incentive Grants for Local Delinquency Prevention Programs 

Act of 2002 (42 U.S.C. 5781) is amended to read as follows: 

‘‘SEC. 502. DEFINITIONS. 

‘‘In this title— 

‘‘(1) the term ‘at-risk’ has the meaning given that term in section 1432 of the 

Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 6472); 

‘‘(2) the term ‘eligible entity’ means— 

‘‘(A) a unit of local government that is in compliance with the requirements of part B of title II; or 

‘‘(B) a nonprofit organization in partnership with a unit of local government described in subparagraph (A); 

‘‘(3) the term ‘delinquency prevention program’ means a delinquency prevention program that is evidence-based or promising and that may include— 

‘‘(A) alcohol and substance abuse prevention or treatment services; 

‘‘(B) tutoring and remedial education, especially in reading and mathematics; 

‘‘(C) child and adolescent health and mental health services; 

17 

‘‘(D) recreation services; 

‘‘(E) leadership and youth development activities; 

‘‘(F) the teaching that individuals are and should be held accountable for 

their actions; 

‘‘(G) assistance in the development of job training skills; 

‘‘(H) youth mentoring programs; 

‘‘(I) after-school programs; 

‘‘(J) coordination of a continuum of services, which may include— 

‘‘(i) early childhood development services; 

‘‘(ii) voluntary home visiting programs; 

‘‘(iii) nurse-family partnership programs; 

‘‘(iv) parenting skills training; 

‘‘(v) child abuse prevention programs; 

‘‘(vi) family stabilization programs; 

‘‘(vii) child welfare services; 

‘‘(viii) family violence intervention programs; 

‘‘(ix) adoption assistance programs; 

‘‘(x) emergency, transitional and permanent housing assistance; 

‘‘(xi) job placement and retention training; 

‘‘(xii) summer jobs programs; 

‘‘(xiii) alternative school resources for youth who have dropped out of 

school or demonstrate chronic truancy; 

‘‘(xiv) conflict resolution skill training; 

‘‘(xv) restorative justice programs; 

‘‘(xvi) mentoring programs; 

‘‘(xvii) targeted gang prevention, intervention and exit services; 

‘‘(xviii) training and education programs for pregnant teens and teen 

parents; and 

‘‘(xix) pre-release, post-release, and reentry services to assist detained 

and incarcerated youth with transitioning back into and reentering the 

community; and 

‘‘(K) other data-driven evidence-based or promising prevention programs; 

‘‘(4) the term ‘local policy board’, when used with respect to an eligible entity, 

means a policy board that the eligible entity will engage in the development of 

the eligible entity’s plan described in section 504(e)(5), and that includes— 

‘‘(A) not fewer than 15 and not more than 21 members; and 

‘‘(B) a balanced representation of— 

‘‘(i) public agencies and private nonprofit organizations serving juveniles and their families; and 

‘‘(ii) business and industry; 

‘‘(C) at least one representative of the faith community, one adjudicated 

youth, and one parent of an adjudicated youth; and 

‘‘(D) in the case of an eligible entity described in paragraph (1)(B), a representative of the nonprofit organization of the eligible entity; 

‘‘(5) the term ‘mentoring’ means matching 1 adult with 1 or more youths for 

the purpose of providing guidance, support, and encouragement through regularly scheduled meetings for not less than 9 months; 

‘‘(6) the term ‘State advisory group’ means the advisory group appointed by 

the chief executive officer of a State under a plan described in section 223(a); 

and 

‘‘(7) the term ‘State entity’ means the State agency designated under section 

223(a)(1) or the entity receiving funds under section 223(d).’’. 

SEC. 303. DUTIES AND FUNCTIONS OF THE ADMINISTRATOR. 

Section 503 of the Incentive Grants for Local Delinquency Prevention Programs 

Act of 2002 (42 U.S.C. 5782) is amended— 

(1) by striking paragraph (1); and 

(2) by redesignating paragraphs (2) through (4) as paragraphs (1) through (3), 

respectively. 

SEC. 304. GRANTS FOR DELINQUENCY PREVENTION PROGRAMS. 

Section 504 of the Incentive Grants for Local Delinquency Prevention Programs 

Act of 2002 (42 U.S.C. 5781 et seq.) is amended to read as follows: 

‘‘SEC. 504. GRANTS FOR LOCAL DELINQUENCY PREVENTION PROGRAMS. 

‘‘(a) PURPOSE.—The purpose of this section is to enable local communities to address the unmet needs of at-risk or delinquent youth, including through a continuum of delinquency prevention programs for juveniles who have had contact with 

the juvenile justice system or who are likely to have contact with the juvenile justice 

system. 

18 

‘‘(b) PROGRAM AUTHORIZED.—The Administrator shall— 

‘‘(1) for each fiscal year for which less than $25,000,000 is appropriated under 

section 506, award grants to not fewer than 3 State entities, but not more than 

5 State entities, that apply under subsection (c) and meet the requirements of 

subsection (d); or ‘‘(2) for each fiscal year for which $25,000,000 or more is appropriated under 

section 506, award grants to not fewer than 5 State entities that apply under 

subsection (c) and meet the requirements of subsection (d). 

‘‘(c) STATE APPLICATION.—To be eligible to receive a grant under this section, a 

State entity shall submit an application to the Administrator, which includes the 

following: 

‘‘(1) An assurance the State entity will use— 

‘‘(A) not more than 10 percent of such grant, in the aggregate— 

‘‘(i) for the costs incurred by the State entity to carry out this section, 

except that not more than 3 percent of such grant may be used for such 

costs; and 

‘‘(ii) to provide technical assistance to eligible entities receiving a 

subgrant under subsection (e) in carrying out delinquency prevention 

programs under the subgrant; and 

‘‘(B) the remainder of such grant to award subgrants to eligible entities 

under subsection (e). 

‘‘(2) An assurance that such grant will supplement, and not supplant, State 

and local efforts to prevent juvenile delinquency. 

‘‘(3) An assurance the State entity will evaluate the capacity of eligible entities receiving a subgrant under subsection (e) to fulfill the requirements under 

such subsection. 

‘‘(4) An assurance that such application was prepared after consultation with, 

and participation by, the State advisory group, units of local government, community-based organizations, and organizations that carry out programs, 

projects, or activities to prevent juvenile delinquency in the local juvenile justice 

system served by the State entity. 

‘‘(d) APPROVAL OF STATE APPLICATIONS.—In awarding grants under this section 

for a fiscal year, the Administrator may not award a grant to a State entity for a 

fiscal year unless— 

‘‘(1)(A) the State that will be served by the State entity submitted a plan 

under section 223 for such fiscal year; and 

‘‘(B) such plan is approved by the Administrator for such fiscal year; or 

‘‘(2) after finding good cause for a waiver, the Administrator waives the plan 

required under subparagraph (A) for such State for such fiscal year. 

‘‘(e) SUBGRANT PROGRAM.— 

‘‘(1) PROGRAM AUTHORIZED.— 

‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—Each State entity receiving a grant under this section 

shall award subgrants to eligible entities in accordance with this subsection. 

‘‘(B) PRIORITY.—In awarding subgrants under this subsection, the State 

entity shall give priority to eligible entities that demonstrate ability in— 

‘‘(i) plans for service and agency coordination and collaboration including the collocation of services; 

‘‘(ii) innovative ways to involve the private nonprofit and business 

sector in delinquency prevention activities; 

‘‘(iii) developing data-driven prevention plans, employing evidencebased prevention strategies, and conducting program evaluations to determine impact and effectiveness; 

‘‘(iv) identifying under the plan submitted under paragraph (5) potential savings and efficiencies associated with successful implementation 

of such plan; and 

‘‘(v) describing how such savings and efficiencies may be used to 

carry out delinquency prevention programs and be reinvested in the 

continuing implementation of such programs after the end of the 

subgrant period. 

‘‘(C) SUBGRANT PROGRAM PERIOD AND DIVERSITY OF PROJECTS.— 

‘‘(i) PROGRAM PERIOD.—A subgrant awarded to an eligible entity by 

a State entity under this section shall be for a period of not more than 

5 years, of which the eligible entity— 

‘‘(I) may use not more than 18 months for completing the plan 

submitted by the eligible entity under paragraph (5); and 

‘‘(II) shall use the remainder of the subgrant period, after planning period described in subclause (I), for the implementation of 

such plan. 

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‘‘(ii) DIVERSITY OF PROJECTS.—In awarding subgrants under this subsection, a State entity shall ensure, to the extent practicable and applicable, that such subgrants are distributed throughout different areas, 

including urban, suburban, and rural areas. 

‘‘(2) LOCAL APPLICATION.—An eligible entity that desires a subgrant under 

this subsection shall submit an application to the State entity in the State of 

the eligible entity, at such time and in such manner as determined by the State 

entity, and that includes— 

‘‘(A) a description of— 

‘‘(i) the local policy board and local partners the eligible entity will 

engage in the development of the plan described in paragraph (5); 

‘‘(ii) the unmet needs of at-risk or delinquent youth in the community; 

‘‘(iii) available resources in the community to meet the unmet needs 

identified in the needs assessment described in paragraph (5)(A); 

‘‘(iv) potential costs to the community if the unmet needs are not addressed; 

‘‘(B) a specific time period for the planning and subsequent implementation of its continuum of local delinquency prevention programs; 

‘‘(C) the steps the eligible entity will take to implement the plan under 

subparagraph (A); and 

‘‘(D) a plan to continue the grant activity with non-Federal funds, if proven successful according to the performance evaluation process under paragraph (5)(D), after the grant period. 

‘‘(3) MATCHING REQUIREMENT.—An eligible entity desiring a subgrant under 

this subsection shall agree to provide a 50 percent match of the amount of the 

subgrant, which may include the value of in-kind contributions. 

‘‘(4) SUBGRANT REVIEW.— 

‘‘(A) REVIEW.—Not later than the end of the second year of a subgrant 

period for a subgrant awarded to an eligible entity under this subsection 

and before awarding the remaining amount of the subgrant to the eligible 

entity, the State entity shall— 

‘‘(i) ensure that the eligible entity has completed the plan submitted 

under paragraph (2) and that the plan meets the requirements of such 

paragraph; and 

‘‘(ii) verify that the eligible entity will begin the implementation of 

its plan upon receiving the next installment of its subgrant award. 

‘‘(B) TERMINATION.—If the State entity finds through the review conducted under subparagraph (A) that the eligible entity has not met the requirements of clause (i) of such subparagraph, the State entity shall reallocate the amount remaining on the subgrant of the eligible entity to other 

eligible entities receiving a subgrant under this subsection or award the 

amount to an eligible entity during the next subgrant competition under 

this subsection. 

‘‘(5) LOCAL USES OF FUNDS.—An eligible entity that receives a subgrant under 

this subsection shall use the funds to implement a plan to carry out delinquency 

prevention programs in the community served by the eligible entity in a coordinated manner with other delinquency prevention programs or entities serving 

such community, which includes— 

‘‘(A) an analysis of the unmet needs of at-risk or delinquent youth in the 

community— 

‘‘(i) which shall include— 

‘‘(I) the available resources in the community to meet the unmet 

needs; and 

‘‘(II) factors present in the community that may contribute to delinquency, such as homelessness, food insecurity, teen pregnancy, 

youth unemployment, family instability, lack of educational opportunity; and 

‘‘(ii) may include an estimate— 

‘‘(I) for the most recent year for which reliable data is available, 

the amount expended by the community and other entities for delinquency adjudication for juveniles and the incarceration of adult 

offenders for offenses committed in such community; and 

‘‘(II) of potential savings and efficiencies that may be achieved 

through the implementation of the plan; 

‘‘(B) a minimum 3-year comprehensive strategy to address the unmet 

needs and an estimate of the amount or percentage of non-Federal funds 

that are available to carry out the strategy; 

20 

‘‘(C) a description of how delinquency prevention programs under the plan 

will be coordinated; 

‘‘(D) a description of the performance evaluation process of the delinquency prevention programs to be implemented under the plan, which shall 

include performance measures to assess efforts to address the unmet needs 

of youth in the community analyzed under subparagraph (A); 

‘‘(E) the evidence or promising evaluation on which such delinquency prevention programs are based; and 

‘‘(F) if such delinquency prevention programs are proven successful according to the performance evaluation process under subparagraph (D), a 

strategy to continue such programs after the subgrant period with non-Federal funds, including a description of how any estimated savings or efficiencies created by the implementation of the plan may be used to continue 

such programs.’’. 

SEC. 305. GRANTS FOR TRIBAL DELINQUENCY PREVENTION AND RESPONSE PROGRAMS. 

The Incentive Grants for Local Delinquency Prevention Programs Act of 2002 (42 

U.S.C. 5781 et seq.) is amended by redesignating section 505 as section 506 and by 

inserting after section 504 the following: 

‘‘SEC. 505. GRANTS FOR TRIBAL DELINQUENCY PREVENTION AND RESPONSE PROGRAMS. 

‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The Administrator shall make grants under this section, on a 

competitive basis, to eligible Indian tribes (or consortia of Indian tribes) as described 

in subsection (b)— 

‘‘(1) to support and enhance— 

‘‘(A) tribal juvenile delinquency prevention services; and 

‘‘(B) the ability of Indian tribes to respond to, and care for, at-risk or delinquent youth upon release; and 

‘‘(2) to encourage accountability of Indian tribal governments with respect to 

preventing juvenile delinquency, and responding to, and caring for, juvenile offenders. 

‘‘(b) ELIGIBLE INDIAN TRIBES.—To be eligible to receive a grant under this section, 

an Indian tribe or consortium of Indian tribes shall submit to the Administrator an 

application in such form as the Administrator may require. 

‘‘(c) CONSIDERATIONS.—In providing grants under this section, the Administrator 

shall take into consideration, with respect to the Indian tribe to be served, the— 

‘‘(1) juvenile delinquency rates; 

‘‘(2) school dropout rates; and 

‘‘(3) number of youth at risk of delinquency. 

‘‘(d) AVAILABILITY OF FUNDS.—Of the amount available for a fiscal year to carry 

out this title, 11 percent shall be available to carry out this section.’’. 

SEC. 306. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS. 

Section 506, as redesignated by section 305, is amended to read as follows: 

‘‘SEC. 506. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS. 

‘‘There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this title— 

‘‘(1) $91,857,500 for fiscal year 2018; 

‘‘(2) $91,857,500 for fiscal year 2019; 

‘‘(3) $93,235,362 for fiscal year 2020; 

‘‘(4) $94,633,892 for fiscal year 2021; and 

‘‘(5) $96,053,401 for fiscal year 2022.’’. 

SEC. 307. TECHNICAL AMENDMENT. 

Title V of the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974 as enacted 

by Public Law 93-415 (88 Stat. 1133) (relating to miscellaneous and conforming 

amendments) is repealed. 

TITLE IV—MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS 

SEC. 401. EVALUATION BY GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTABILITY OFFICE. 

(a) EVALUATION.—Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, 

the Comptroller General of the United States shall— 

(1) conduct a comprehensive analysis and evaluation regarding the performance of the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (referred to 

in this section as ‘‘the agency’’), its functions, its programs, and its grants; 

(2) conduct a comprehensive audit and evaluation of a selected, sample of 

grantees (as determined by the Comptroller General) that receive Federal funds 

under grant programs administered by the agency including a review of internal 

21 

controls (as defined in section 103 of the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974 (42 U.S.C. 5603), as amended by this Act) to prevent fraud, 

waste, and abuse of funds by grantees; and 

(3) submit a report in accordance with subsection (d). 

(b) CONSIDERATIONS FOR EVALUATION.—In conducting the analysis and evaluation 

under subsection (a)(1), and in order to document the efficiency and public benefit 

of the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974 (42 U.S.C. 5601 et 

seq.), excluding the Runaway and Homeless Youth Act (42 U.S.C. 5701 et seq.) and 

the Missing Children’s Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5771 et seq.), the Comptroller General shall take into consideration— 

(1) the outcome and results of the programs carried out by the agency and 

those programs administered through grants by the agency; 

(2) the extent to which the agency has complied with the Government Performance and Results Act of 1993 (Public Law 103–62; 107 Stat. 285); 

(3) the extent to which the jurisdiction of, and the programs administered by, 

the agency duplicate or conflict with the jurisdiction and programs of other 

agencies; 

(4) the potential benefits of consolidating programs administered by the agency with similar or duplicative programs of other agencies, and the potential for 

consolidating those programs; 

(5) whether less restrictive or alternative methods exist to carry out the functions of the agency and whether current functions or operations are impeded or 

enhanced by existing statutes, rules, and procedures; 

(6) the number and types of beneficiaries or persons served by programs carried out by the agency; 

(7) the manner with which the agency seeks public input and input from 

State and local governments on the performance of the functions of the agency; 

(8) the extent to which the agency complies with section 552 of title 5, United 

States Code (commonly known as the Freedom of Information Act); 

(9) whether greater oversight is needed of programs developed with grants 

made by the agency; and 

(10) the extent to which changes are necessary in the authorizing statutes of 

the agency in order for the functions of the agency to be performed in a more 

efficient and effective manner. 

(c) CONSIDERATIONS FOR AUDITS.—In conducting the audit and evaluation under 

subsection (a)(2), and in order to document the efficiency and public benefit of the 

Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974 (42 U.S.C. 5601 et seq.), 

excluding the Runaway and Homeless Youth Act (42 U.S.C. 5701 et seq.) and the 

Missing Children’s Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5771 et seq.), the Comptroller General 

shall take into consideration— 

(1) whether grantees timely file Financial Status Reports; 

(2) whether grantees have sufficient internal controls to ensure adequate 

oversight of grant fund received; 

(3) whether disbursements were accompanied with adequate supporting documentation (including invoices and receipts); 

(4) whether expenditures were authorized; 

(5) whether subrecipients of grant funds were complying with program requirements; 

(6) whether salaries and fringe benefits of personnel were adequately supported by documentation; 

(7) whether contracts were bid in accordance with program guidelines; and 

(8) whether grant funds were spent in accordance with program goals and 

guidelines. 

(d) REPORT.— 

(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this 

Act, the Comptroller General of the United States shall— 

(A) submit a report regarding the evaluation conducted under subsection 

(a) and audit under subsection (b), to the Speaker of the House of Representatives and the President pro tempore of the Senate; and 

(B) make the report described in subparagraph (A) available to the public. 

(2) CONTENTS.—The report submitted in accordance with paragraph (1) shall 

include all audit findings determined by the selected, statistically significant 

sample of grantees as required by subsection (a)(2) and shall include the name 

and location of any selected grantee as well as any findings required by subsection (a)(2). 

22 

SEC. 402. ACCOUNTABILITY AND OVERSIGHT. 

(a) IN GENERAL.—The Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974 

(42 U.S.C. 5601 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following: 

‘‘TITLE VI—ACCOUNTABILITY AND OVERSIGHT 

‘‘SEC. 601. ACCOUNTABILITY AND OVERSIGHT. 

‘‘(a) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Congress that, in order to ensure that 

at-risk youth, and youth who come into contact with the juvenile justice system or 

the criminal justice system, are treated fairly and that the outcome of that contact 

is beneficial to the Nation— 

‘‘(1) the Department of Justice, through its Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, must restore meaningful enforcement of the core requirements in title II; and 

‘‘(2) States, which are entrusted with a fiscal stewardship role if they accept 

funds under title II must exercise vigilant oversight to ensure full compliance 

with the core requirements for juveniles provided for in title II. 

‘‘(b) ACCOUNTABILITY.— 

‘‘(1) AGENCY PROGRAM REVIEW.— 

‘‘(A) PROGRAMMATIC AND FINANCIAL ASSESSMENT.— 

‘‘(i) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 60 days after the date of enactment 

of the Juvenile Justice Reform Act of 2017, the Director of the Office 

of Audit, Assessment, and Management of the Office of Justice Programs at the Department of Justice (referred to in this section as the 

‘Director’) shall— 

‘‘(I) conduct a comprehensive analysis and evaluation of the internal controls of the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency 

Prevention (referred to in this section as the ‘agency’) to determine 

if States and Indian tribes receiving grants are following the requirements of the agency grant programs and what remedial action 

the agency has taken to recover any grant funds that are expended 

in violation of grant programs, including instances where— 

‘‘(aa) supporting documentation was not provided for cost reports; 

‘‘(bb) unauthorized expenditures occurred; and 

‘‘(cc) subrecipients of grant funds were not in compliance 

with program requirements; 

‘‘(II) conduct a comprehensive audit and evaluation of a selected 

statistically significant sample of States and Indian tribes (as determined by the Director) that have received Federal funds under 

title II, including a review of internal controls to prevent fraud, 

waste, and abuse of funds by grantees; and 

‘‘(III) submit a report in accordance with clause (iv). 

‘‘(ii) CONSIDERATIONS FOR EVALUATIONS.—In conducting the analysis 

and evaluation under clause (i)(I), and in order to document the efficiency and public benefit of titles II and V, the Director shall take into 

consideration the extent to which— 

‘‘(I) greater oversight is needed of programs developed with 

grants made by the agency; 

‘‘(II) changes are necessary in the authorizing statutes of the 

agency in order that the functions of the agency can be performed 

in a more efficient and effective manner; and 

‘‘(III) the agency has implemented recommendations issued by 

the Comptroller General or Office of Inspector General relating to 

the grant making and grant monitoring responsibilities of the 

agency. 

‘‘(iii) CONSIDERATIONS FOR AUDITS.—In conducting the audit and evaluation under clause (i)(II), and in order to document the efficiency and 

public benefit of titles II and V, the Director shall take into consideration— 

‘‘(I) whether grantees timely file Financial Status Reports; 

‘‘(II) whether grantees have sufficient internal controls to ensure 

adequate oversight of grant funds received; 

‘‘(III) whether grantees’ assertions of compliance with the core requirements were accompanied with adequate supporting documentation; 

‘‘(IV) whether expenditures were authorized; 

23 

‘‘(V) whether subrecipients of grant funds were complying with 

program requirements; and 

‘‘(VI) whether grant funds were spent in accordance with the program goals and guidelines. 

‘‘(iv) REPORT.—The Director shall— 

‘‘(I) submit to the Congress a report outlining the results of the 

analysis, evaluation, and audit conducted under clause (i), including supporting materials, to the Speaker of the House of Representatives and the President pro tempore of the Senate; and 

‘‘(II) shall make such report available to the public online, not 

later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this section. 

‘‘(B) ANALYSIS OF INTERNAL CONTROLS.— 

‘‘(i) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 30 days after the date of enactment 

of the Juvenile Justice Reform Act of 2017, the Administrator shall initiate a comprehensive analysis and evaluation of the internal controls 

of the agency to determine whether, and to what extent, States and Indian tribes that receive grants under titles II and V are following the 

requirements of the grant programs authorized under titles II and V. 

‘‘(ii) REPORT.—Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment 

of the Juvenile Justice Reform Act of 2017, the Administrator shall 

submit to Congress a report containing— 

‘‘(I) the findings of the analysis and evaluation conducted under 

clause (i); 

‘‘(II) a description of remedial actions, if any, that will be taken 

by the Administrator to enhance the internal controls of the agency 

and recoup funds that may have been expended in violation of law, 

regulations, or program requirements issued under titles II and V; 

and 

‘‘(III) a description of— 

‘‘(aa) the analysis conducted under clause (i); 

‘‘(bb) whether the funds awarded under titles II and V have 

been used in accordance with law, regulations, program guidance, and applicable plans; and 

‘‘(cc) the extent to which funds awarded to States and Indian 

tribes under titles II and V enhanced the ability of grantees to 

fulfill the core requirements. 

‘‘(C) REPORT BY THE ATTORNEY GENERAL.—Not later than 180 days after 

the date of enactment of the Juvenile Justice Reform Act of 2017, the Attorney General shall submit to the appropriate committees of the Congress a 

report on the estimated amount of formula grant funds disbursed by the 

agency since fiscal year 2010 that did not meet the requirements for awards 

of formula grants to States under title II. 

‘‘(2) OFFICE OF INSPECTOR GENERAL PERFORMANCE AUDITS.— 

‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—In order to ensure the effective and appropriate use 

of grants administered under this Act (excluding title III) and to prevent 

waste, fraud, and abuse of funds by grantees, the Inspector General of the 

Department of Justice shall periodically conduct audits of grantees that receive grants under this Act covering each grant recipient at least once every 

3 years. 

‘‘(B) PUBLIC AVAILABILITY ON WEBSITE.—The Attorney General shall make 

the summary of each review conducted under this section available on the 

website of the Department of Justice, subject to redaction as the Attorney 

General determines necessary to protect classified and other sensitive information. 

‘‘(C) MANDATORY EXCLUSION.—A recipient of grant funds under this Act 

(excluding titles II and III) that is found to have an unresolved audit finding shall not be eligible to receive grant funds under this Act (excluding 

title III) during the first 2 fiscal years beginning after the 12-month period 

beginning on the date on which the audit report is issued. 

‘‘(D) PRIORITY.—In awarding grants under this Act (excluding title III), 

the Administrator shall give priority to an eligible entity that did not have 

an unresolved audit finding during the 3 fiscal years prior to the date on 

which the eligible entity submits an application for the grant involved. 

‘‘(E) REIMBURSEMENT.—If a grant recipient under this Act (excluding title 

III) is awarded such funds under this Act during the 2-fiscal-year period in 

which the recipient is barred from receiving grants under subparagraph (C), 

the Attorney General shall— 

24 

‘‘(i) deposit an amount equal to the amount of the grant funds that 

were improperly awarded to the grantee into the general fund of the 

Treasury; and 

‘‘(ii) seek to recoup the costs of the repayment to the general fund 

under clause (i) from the grantee that was erroneously awarded grant 

funds. 

‘‘(F) DEFINITION.—In this paragraph, the term ‘unresolved audit finding’ 

means a finding in the final audit report of the Inspector General— 

‘‘(i) that the audited recipient has used grant funds for an unauthorized expenditure or otherwise unallowable cost; and 

‘‘(ii) that is not closed or resolved during the 12-month period beginning on the date on which the final audit report is issued. 

‘‘(3) CONFERENCE EXPENDITURES.— ‘‘(A) LIMITATION.—No amounts authorized to be appropriated to the Department of Justice under this Act may be used by the Attorney General, 

or by any individual or organization awarded discretionary funds through 

a cooperative agreement under this Act, to host or support any expenditure 

for conferences that uses more than $20,000 in funds made available to the 

Department of Justice, unless the Deputy Attorney General or such Assistant Attorney Generals, Directors, or principal deputies as the Deputy Attorney General may designate, provides prior written authorization that the 

funds may be expended to host a conference. 

‘‘(B) WRITTEN APPROVAL.—Written approval under subparagraph (A) shall 

include a written estimate of all costs associated with the conference, including the cost of all food and beverages, audiovisual equipment, honoraria 

for speakers, and entertainment. 

‘‘(C) REPORT.—The Deputy Attorney General shall submit an annual report to the Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate and the Committee 

on Education and the Workforce of the House of Representatives on all conference expenditures approved under this paragraph. 

‘‘(4) PROHIBITION ON LOBBYING ACTIVITY.— 

‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—Amounts authorized to be appropriated under this Act 

may not be utilized by any recipient of a grant made using such amounts— 

‘‘(i) to lobby any representative of the Department of Justice regarding the award of grant funding; or 

‘‘(ii) to lobby any representative of a Federal, State, local, or tribal 

government regarding the award of grant funding. 

‘‘(B) PENALTY.—If the Attorney General determines that any recipient of 

a grant made using amounts authorized to be appropriated under this Act 

has violated subparagraph (A), the Attorney General shall— 

‘‘(i) require the recipient to repay the grant in full; and 

‘‘(ii) prohibit the recipient to receive another grant under this Act for 

not less than 5 years. 

‘‘(C) CLARIFICATION.—For purposes of this paragraph, submitting an application for a grant under this Act shall not be considered lobbying activity 

in violation of subparagraph (A). 

‘‘(c) PREVENTING DUPLICATIVE GRANTS.— 

‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Before the Attorney General awards a grant to an applicant under this Act, the Attorney General shall compare potential grant awards 

with other grants awarded under this Act to determine if duplicate grant 

awards are awarded for the same purpose. 

‘‘(2) REPORT.—If the Attorney General awards duplicate grants to the same 

applicant for the same purpose the Attorney General shall submit to the Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate and the Committee on Education and the 

Workforce of the House of Representatives a report that includes— 

‘‘(A) a list of all duplicate grants awarded, including the total dollar 

amount of any duplicate grants awarded; and 

‘‘(B) the reason the Attorney General awarded the duplicative grant. 

‘‘(d) COMPLIANCE WITH AUDITING STANDARDS.—The Administrator shall comply 

with the Generally Accepted Government Auditing Standards, published by the 

General Accountability Office (commonly known as the ‘Yellow Book’), in the conduct of fiscal, compliance, and programmatic audits of States.’’. 

(b) TECHNICAL AND CONFORMING AMENDMENT.— 

(1) IN GENERAL.—The Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 

1974 is amended by striking paragraphs (6) and (7) of section 407 (42 U.S.C. 

5776a). 

(2) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendment made by paragraph (1) shall take effect on the 1st day of the 1st fiscal year that begins after the date of enactment 

of this Act. 

25 

(3) SAVINGS CLAUSE.—In the case of an entity that is barred from receiving 

grant funds under paragraph (7)(B)(ii) of section 407 of the Juvenile Justice and 

Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974 (42 U.S.C. 5776a), the amendment made 

by paragraph (1) of this subsection shall not affect the applicability to the entity, or to the Attorney General with respect to the entity, of paragraph (7) of 

such section 407, as in effect on the day before the effective date of the amendment made by paragraph (1). 

(c) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.— (1) TITLE III.—Section 388(a) of the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974 (42 U. S. C. 5751(a)) is amended— 

(A) in paragraph (1), by striking ‘‘140,000,000’’ and all that follows 

through ‘‘2013’’, and inserting ‘‘101,980,000 for each of the fiscal years 2018 

through 2022’’ before the period; 

(B) in paragraph (3)(B), by striking ‘‘There’’ and all that follows through 

‘‘2013’’, and inserting ‘‘Of the amount made available for a fiscal year to 

carry out this title, not more than 1 percent may be used to carry out section 345’’ before the period; and (C) in paragraph (4), by striking ‘‘$25,000,000’’ and all that follows through ‘‘2013’’, and inserting ‘‘$17,141,000 for each of the fiscal years 2018 

through 2022’’. 

(2) TITLE IV.—Section 408 of the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention 

Act of 1974 (42 U. S. C. 5777) is amended by striking ‘‘2018’’ and inserting 

‘‘2022’’. 

PURPOSE

H.R. 1809, the Juvenile Justice Reform Act of 2017, reauthorizes 

the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act (JJDPA), 

which supports state and local efforts to address the needs of atrisk youth and juvenile offenders. JJDPA provides both core protections for youth in the juvenile justice system and federal assistance 

to encourage innovative and evidence-based approaches in the delivery of services to youth. By promoting delinquency prevention 

and practices grounded in research on adolescent development, 

JJDPA fosters the growth and holistic rehabilitation of at-risk 

youth and juvenile offenders at the state and local levels. 

COMMITTEE ACTION

114TH CONGRESS

Full Committee hearing on Reviewing the Juvenile Justice System 

and How It Serves At-Risk Youth 

On October 8, 2015, the Committee on Education and the Workforce (Committee) held a hearing in Washington, D.C., on ‘‘Reviewing the Juvenile Justice System and How It Serves At-Risk Youth.’’ 

The purpose of the hearing was to examine the juvenile justice system and federal, state, and local efforts to serve at-risk youth and 

juvenile offenders. Testifying before the committee were Mr. Derek 

Cohen, Deputy Director, Center for Effective Justice, Texas Public 

Policy Foundation, Austin, Texas; Mr. Sloane Baxter, Youth Advocate, Washington, D.C.; The Honorable Steven Teske, Chief Judge, 

Clayton County Juvenile Court, Jonesboro, Georgia; and Dr. Tim 

Goldsmith, Chief Clinical Officer, Youth Villages, Memphis, Tennessee. 

Introduction of H.R. 5963, Supporting Youth Opportunity and Preventing Delinquency Act of 2016 

On September 8, 2016, Rep. Carlos Curbelo (R–FL) and Ranking 

Member Robert C. ‘‘Bobby’’ Scott (D–VA), along with then-Chairman John Kline (R–MN) and Reps. Susan Davis (D–CA), Earl 

26 

‘‘Buddy’’ Carter (R–GA), and Frederica Wilson (D–FL), introduced 

H.R. 5963, the Supporting Youth Opportunity and Preventing Delinquency Act of 2016. The bill reauthorized and reformed federal 

juvenile justice programs to focus on long-term success for at-risk 

youth and juvenile offenders, prioritized effective services, and provided accountability for federal funds. 

Committee passage of H.R. 5963, Supporting Youth Opportunity 

and Preventing Delinquency Act of 2016 

On September 14, 2016, the Committee considered H.R. 5963, 

the Supporting Youth Opportunity and Preventing Delinquency Act 

of 2016, in legislative session and reported the bill favorably, as 

amended, to the U.S. House of Representatives (House) by voice 

vote. There were two amendments offered: 

• Amendment in the Nature of a Substitute: Rep. Curbelo offered an amendment in the nature of a substitute. The amendment 

(1) updated the definition of ‘‘Indian tribe’’ to include Alaska Natives; (2) added ‘‘victims of sexual abuse’’ to the categories of girls 

for whom states may consider creating specific programs; (3) added 

‘‘after-school programs’’ to the definition of juvenile delinquency 

program; and (4) made other technical and clarifying changes. The 

amendment was adopted by voice vote. 

• Amendment 1: Rep. Jared Polis (D–CO) offered an amendment 

to prohibit corporal punishment in public schools. The amendment 

was withdrawn. 

Rep. David P. Roe (R–TN) offered a motion to report the bill as 

amended. The motion was adopted by voice vote. 

House passage of H.R. 5963, Supporting Youth Opportunity and 

Preventing Delinquency Act of 2016 

On September 22, 2016, H.R. 5963 passed the House by a vote 

of 382 to 29. On September 27, H.R. 5963 was received in the U.S. 

Senate; however, there was no further action taken during the 

114th Congress. 

115TH CONGRESS

Subcommittee hearing on Providing Vulnerable Youth the Hope of 

a Brighter Future Through Juvenile Justice Reform 

On February 15, 2017, the Subcommittee on Early Childhood, Elementary, and Secondary Education (Subcommittee) held a hearing 

in Washington, D.C., on ‘‘Providing Vulnerable Youth the Hope of 

a Brighter Future Through Juvenile Justice Reform.’’ The purpose 

of the hearing was to examine JJDPA and the state of the juvenile 

justice system. Testifying before the subcommittee were Ms. Meg 

Williams, MPA, Manager, Office of Adult and Juvenile Justice Assistance, Division of Criminal Justice, Colorado Department of Public Safety, Denver, Colorado; Chief Patrick J. Flannelly, Chief of 

Police, Lafayette Police Department, Lafayette, Indiana; The Honorable Denise Navarre Cubbon, Juvenile Judge, Lucas County, 

Ohio; and Mr. Matt Reed, Executive Director, Safe Place Services, 

YMCA of Greater Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky. 

27 

Introduction of H.R. 1809, Juvenile Justice Reform Act of 2017 

On March 30, 2017, Rep. Jason Lewis (R–MN) and Ranking 

Member Scott, along with Chairwoman Virginia Foxx (R–NC) and 

Reps. Susan Davis (D–CA), Todd Rokita (R–IN), and Frederica Wilson (D–FL), introduced H.R. 1809, the Juvenile Justice Reform Act 

of 2017. The bill reauthorizes and reforms federal juvenile justice 

programs to focus on long-term success for at-risk youth and juvenile offenders, prioritizes effective services, and improves accountability for federal funds. 

Committee passage of H.R. 1809, Juvenile Justice Reform Act of 

2017 

On April 4, 2017, the Committee considered H.R. 1809, Juvenile 

Justice Reform Act of 2017, in legislative session and reported the 

bill favorably, as amended, to the House by voice vote. There was 

one amendment offered: 

• Amendment in the Nature of a Substitute: Rep. Lewis offered 

an amendment in the nature of a substitute. The amendment was 

adopted by voice vote. 

Rep. Glenn ‘‘GT’’ Thompson (R–PA) offered a motion to report the 

bill as amended. The motion was adopted by voice vote. 

SUMMARY OF H.R. 1809 

The first juvenile court was established in Illinois in 1899, and 

by 1925, nearly every state had established a juvenile court system. 

The capacity to rehabilitate, rather than punish, children became 

the focus of the system. As a result, there continues to be significant procedural and substantive differences between juvenile and 

adult courts. 

In 1974, Congress passed JJDPA to formalize the federal government’s efforts to improve state juvenile justice systems. To receive 

grants, states must adhere to core protections regarding the treatment of children in the juvenile justice system. JJDPA authorizes 

formula and competitive grants to assist states in the administration of their juvenile justice systems and to help states prevent 

youth from entering the system. Finally, it authorizes the Office of 

Juvenile Justice Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) to oversee federal juvenile justice programs. 

The 21st Century Department of Justice Appropriations Authorization Act reauthorized JJDPA in 2002, but many of the programs 

expired in fiscal years 2007 and 2008 and have continued to receive 

appropriations. In the 2002 reauthorization, Congress continued 

federal support of state and local initiatives to administer juvenile 

justice systems and combat juvenile delinquency. Congress placed 

a focus on the education and rehabilitation needs of, and services 

for, at-risk youth and offenders. At its core, JJDPA encourages 

every state to have a juvenile justice system that provides a 

healthy intervention in the lives of delinquent youth and supports 

state and local efforts to deliver effective delinquency prevention 

services. These activities should limit juveniles’ contact with the juvenile justice system or keep children at-risk of involvement with 

the juvenile justice system from entering the system. 

H.R. 1809 continues these efforts by providing states and local 

entities with flexibility to offer juveniles and at-risk youth imporVerDate Sep 11 2014 05:43 May 06, 2017 Jkt 069006 PO 00000 Frm 00027 Fmt 6659 Sfmt 6602 E:\HR\OC\HR111.XXX HR111
28 

1The interstate compact on juveniles is an agreement between the states that regulates the 

interstate movement of children who are under court supervision or who have run away from 

home and left their state of residence. 

tant services to address their offenses and acquire skills that will 

foster growth and reintegration into society. Further, the bill 

strengthens protections for juveniles in secure confinement. Specifically, the legislation improves current law in the following areas: 

Prioritizing Evidence-Based Strategies in Juvenile Systems 

and Delinquency Prevention 

• The Administrator of OJJDP (Administrator) coordinates the 

federal government’s activities related to the treatment of juvenile 

offenders and develops objectives, priorities, strategies, and longterm plans concerning juvenile offenders. To meet the needs of 

these juveniles, H.R. 1809 requires the Administrator to prioritize 

evidence-based and promising strategies and to use current, reliable data to reduce juvenile delinquency. Prioritizing programs and 

strategies proven to work ensures the Administrator focuses on solutions for addressing juvenile delinquency that are based on 

science and research and designed to yield the best results for juveniles. 

Improving the Protection of Youth in the Juvenile Justice 

System 

• JJDPA provides core protections for youth in the juvenile justice system that are designed to reinforce the distinct differences 

between the juvenile and adult justice systems. H.R. 1809 updates 

each of these core protections, increasing the chances that a juvenile’s time in secure detention is productive and results in rehabilitation and growth. • Under current law, the ‘‘jail removal’’ core protection prohibits 

youth under the jurisdiction of a juvenile court from being held in 

adult jails. H.R. 1809 furthers the goal of this protection by requiring a judge to determine whether it is in the ‘‘interest of justice’’ 

for the youth awaiting trial in an adult criminal court to be held 

in an adult facility. • Current law promotes the deinstitutionalization of status offenders by prohibiting juveniles charged with status offenses— 

crimes that would not be crimes if committed by an adult (e.g., 

under-age drinking, truancy)—from being placed in a secure detention facility. There are two exceptions to this requirement under 

JJDPA: (1) if the youth violates a valid court order (VCO) or (2) 

if a youth is being held by the interstate compact on juveniles.1

H.R. 1809 eliminates the blanket VCO exception and provides 

hardship exemptions awarded to states through OJJDP. If a VCO 

is used, H.R. 1809 provides additional safeguards for status offenders in locked facilities, including limits on how long status offenders may be detained and requirements for periodic hearings to determine if the detention is still necessary. 

• Current law also includes the disproportionate minority contact (DMC) core protection that directs states to assess and address 

the disproportionate contact of minority youth at all points in the 

juvenile justice system—from arrest to detention to confinement. 

H.R. 1809 updates the DMC core requirement by requiring states 

to collect data at all points in the juvenile justice system, so the 

29 

state can analyze the key decision points where racial and ethnic 

disparities are created or increased. 

Increasing Oversight of Federal Activities 

• To ensure the federal interest in juvenile justice is conducted 

and administered properly, H.R. 1809 updates the purpose, duties, 

and panel for the Coordinating Council on Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (Council). The Council serves as an independent entity that coordinates all federal juvenile delinquency 

programs and activities. The Council also is required to review the 

programs and practices conducted by federal agencies relating to 

juvenile justice and report on the degree to which those programs 

and practices are consistent with the core requirements outlined in 

state plans. With proper oversight, federal efforts for addressing juvenile delinquency will result in positive outcomes. • H.R. 1809 updates the information included in the Administrator’s annual report to Congress and requires information on the 

treatment of juveniles and their circumstances prior to and after 

release. In addition, the annual report now must provide information on whether state and local programs receiving funding are 

considered promising and if they are built upon current, reliable 

evidence. These updates will provide a more accurate and transparent accounting of juvenile justice efforts occurring across the 

country. 

Ensuring Effective State and Local Services and Programs 

for Juveniles and At-Risk Youth 

• To ensure states and local entities that receive funding provide 

evidence-based and promising services to juveniles, H.R. 1809 ensures the state advisory group assisting each state be knowledgeable and active in the multiple disciplines required to successfully 

provide juvenile justice and delinquency prevention services. • The bill updates requirements in a state’s plan to ensure vulnerable juvenile populations receive the services they need. Such 

services include identifying alternatives to detention; screening for 

human trafficking victims; and providing appropriate accommodations for pregnant juveniles. Additionally, H.R. 1809 encourages 

state agencies to collaborate on providing youth a smooth transition out of the juvenile justice system, specifically in the areas of 

education and re-entry as well as family engagement and community-based services and strategies. 

Research and Evaluation of Juvenile Justice 

• H.R. 1809 requires the Administrator to issue an annual plan 

for research and evaluation in order to better understand juveniles’ 

experiences and needs, with emphasis on reentry, mental and behavioral health, and the conditions in secure confinement settings. 

In addition, H.R. 1809 adds new areas for research, including identifying successful methods used to recruit and retain personnel in 

the juvenile justice system; examining the effects of involvement 

with the juvenile justice system; and identifying successful, cost-effective efforts to reduce recidivism. H.R. 1809 also requires the Administrator to study the barriers faced by states and Indian tribes 

in providing services to juveniles, to provide a description of best 

practices in discharge planning, and to provide an assessment of 

30 

living arrangements for juveniles who cannot return to their 

homes. This information will help efforts to understand how best 

to serve at-risk youth. 

Technical Assistance and Professional Development for 

States and Local Entities 

• H.R. 1809 requires the Administrator to provide technical assistance and professional development to help states properly administer and comply with the requirements of the Act. H.R. 1809 

also requires the Administrator to issue best practices regarding 

legal representation of children and provide technical assistance to 

the states if requested. This will help ensure juveniles receive appropriate representation during court proceedings and individuals 

who work with juveniles have access to education and resources 

needed to meet the unique needs of this population. 

Support for State and Local Initiatives 

• H.R. 1809 restructures the existing local delinquency prevention grant program to allow localities to better assess and respond 

to the unmet needs within the community. Eligible states award 

five-year grants to local communities to deliver a continuum of evidence-based prevention and intervention programs to at-risk youth, 

with a focus on community engagement and coordination among 

existing efforts and programs. The engagement and coordination 

are designed to ensure the cost-saving potential of these programs 

is realized and to increase the chances they will continue after federal funding is no longer available. This comprehensive assessment 

and response will help states and local communities improve public 

safety and meet unique needs in a systematic way that offers opportunities for long-term success for at-risk and delinquent youth. 

Program Accountability Within Federal Efforts 

• H.R. 1809 requires the Department of Justice to conduct accountability and oversight related to state and tribal compliance 

with the legislative requirements, and internal controls at OJJDP. 

This accountability is necessary to prevent waste, fraud, and abuse 

within the system. Additionally, H.R. 1809 encourages meaningful 

enforcement of the core requirements and state compliance with 

federal law through a Sense of Congress reinforcing the importance 

of federal oversight of taxpayer dollars. 

COMMITTEE VIEWS

Introduction 

Helping juvenile offenders and at-risk youth reject a life of crime 

and violence requires more than a detention facility or incarceration. Successful juvenile justice systems rely on collaboration 

among community leaders, parents, guardians, and teachers to prevent youth from starting down a path of delinquency and entering 

the system; responsive juvenile courts focused on intervening and 

making a difference in children’s lives if they do become delinquent; and—only when necessary—appropriate detention facilities 

that encourage a juvenile’s rehabilitation, education, and reintegration into society. With this focus, the Committee worked with 

stakeholders, including young people who have been in the system, 

31 

2OJJDP Statistical Briefing Book. Online. Available: http://www.ojjdp.gov/ojstatbb/crime/ 

JAR—Display.asp?ID=qa05235. December 13, 2015. 

to draft legislation that assists, not hampers, the actions of the 

states and local entities as they work to combat and address juvenile delinquency within their communities. 

H.R. 1809 helps states, parents, teachers, and community members come together to prevent more children from becoming delinquent, intervene in the lives of those that do, and provide secure, 

safe, and nurturing environments for juvenile offenders to restore 

ownership and purpose to their lives. H.R. 1809 re-emphasizes the 

belief that juvenile justice is rooted not in punishment but rehabilitation. Decades of research into adolescent behavior show that with 

the right support services for young offenders can change their life 

trajectories. 

In order to provide more young people that chance, H.R. 1809 

prioritizes the use of promising programs and strategies that are 

based on research and proven effective with at-risk youth and juvenile offenders to help ensure that widely-used resources have the 

greatest impact. It provides states and local communities more 

flexibility to address the unique needs and circumstances of every 

child. In addition to a renewed focus on what works, the bill strives 

to ensure that federal agencies focused on juvenile delinquency are 

working in collaboration by updating the membership of the established Coordinating Council on Juvenile Justice and Delinquency 

Prevention (Council). Bringing diverse perspectives to the table to 

coordinate federal efforts means more opportunities to succeed for 

affected youth who have a variety of challenges and needs that 

may not be met by a single entity. Updating the required contents 

of the Council’s annual report to Congress allows for better information about whether federal efforts are meeting the intended purposes. 

Annual Report 

Accurate information on state juvenile systems is necessary for 

effective oversight and administration of federal resources. Under 

JJDPA, the Administrator is required to submit to Congress and 

the President an annual report providing in-depth statistical information and analysis of the juvenile justice system. This information provides policymakers and practitioners with feedback useful 

for understanding how state systems are administered. 

The bill updates the requirements of the annual report to ensure 

that Congress continues to have the pertinent information needed 

to advance effective juvenile justice policy. 

Since the last reauthorization of JJDPA, many trends have 

emerged regarding the number and types of juveniles entering the 

system, the offenses they commit, and their disposition and treatment. For example, 2014 data reported by OJJDP shows that while 

the male arrest rate for aggravated assault reached its lowest level 

since at least 1980, the female arrest rate for aggravated assault 

in 2014 was 14 percent above its 1980 low-point.2 Statistics like 

these demonstrate that while juvenile crime is falling nationwide, 

more girls are entering the juvenile justice system now than in the 

past. 

32 

3 E.g., National Academy of Science, Reforming Juvenile Justice 82 (2013) 

4Federal Advisory Committee on Juvenile Justice Annual Report. Online. Available: http:// 

www.facjj.org/annualreports/00-facjj%20annual%20report-final%20508.pdf. November 2010. 5 Children’s Defense Fund, America’s Cradle to Prison Pipeline 16 (2007). available at http:// 

www.childrensdefense.org/library/data/cradle-prison-pipeline-report-2007-full-lowres.pdf. 

The bill requires better information about girls in the juvenile 

justice system to ensure we have an accurate reflection of the population, including their rates of pregnancy. Additionally, annual report provisions in H.R. 1809 require data on the usage of restraints 

and other conditions of confinement and reporting on the characteristics of juvenile cases involving status offenses. H.R. 1809 will also 

phase-out the VCO exception to the deinstitutionalization of status 

offenders core protection, and the Committee believes information 

about the use of VCOs will aid in the phase-out of this practice. 

Reliable information on the number of status offense cases petitioned to court, the number of status offenders held in secure detention, the findings used to justify the use of secure detention, and 

the average period of time a status offender was held in secure detention will improve transparency as well as ensure young people 

are placed in the best possible setting. Also, it is the view of the 

Committee that institutionalization of a status offender as a result 

of a failure to remit a fee, fine, or any other cost assessed by the 

juvenile justice system arising from the underlying status offense 

is generally not in the interest of justice and hinders a status offender’s ability to be successful in society. 

Additionally, H.R. 1809 requires the Administrator’s annual report to provide data on the number of juveniles whose offenses 

originated on school grounds, occurred during school activities, or 

were referred by school officials. This information will help policymakers determine whether school-based referrals serve as the predominant point of entry for many children, particularly low-income 

and minority children, into the juvenile justice system, as research 

has suggested.3 The escalation of a school-based offense into a juvenile delinquency case can be the start of a child’s descent into the 

adult criminal justice system, contributing to what the Federal Advisory Committee on Juvenile Justice refers to as the ‘‘school to 

prison pipeline.’’ 4 In a recent report, the Children’s Defense Fund 

cites a number of factors that resulted in its estimate that AfricanAmerican boys born in the year 2000 had a one in three chance of 

going to prison in their lifetimes.5

Data providing a comprehensive look at the characteristics of the 

juvenile justice system will help policymakers better understand 

what services are needed, if gaps in services exist, or if policies 

have unintended consequences resulting in poor outcomes for 

youth. With better data, intervention and prevention services can 

keep more young people from becoming involved with the system 

and provide young people the support they need after release from 

secure confinement or community-based programs to improve their 

chances at success. 

State plans 

JJDPA requires states seeking federal funding through the Act 

to submit to the Administrator a plan outlining their juvenile justice efforts. Included in this plan are designations for what state 

agency will have jurisdiction over the state’s system and the makeVerDate Sep 11 2014 05:43 May 06, 2017 Jkt 069006 PO 00000 Frm 00032 Fmt 6659 Sfmt 6602 E:\HR\OC\HR111.XXX HR111
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6See, e.g., Adam Gelb, West Virginia’s 2015 Juvenile Justice Reform, The Pew Charitable 

Trusts, May 12, 2016, available at: http://www.pewtrusts.org/en/research-and-analysis/issuebriefs/2016/05/west-virginias-2015-juvenile-justice-reform, Jim Shuler, Juvenile Justice Reforms [Georgia] Spotlighted in 2014, (January 21, 2014), https://georgia.gov/blog/2014-01-24/ 

juvenile-justice-reforms-spotlighted-2014, Richard Mendel, Juvenile Justice Reform in Connecticut: How Collaboration and Commitment Have Improved Public Safety and Outcomes for 

Youth, Justice Policy Institute, 2013 available at http://www.justicepolicy.org/uploads/ 

justicepolicy/documents/jpi-juvenile-justice-reform-in-ct.pdf, Marc Levin, The Texas Model, Comprehensive Juvenile Justice Reform: Cutting Costs, Saving Lives, Texas Public Policy Foundation, 2011 available at http://www.texaspolicy.com/library/doclib/2011-09-PB43-TexasModelJuvenileJustice-CEJ-MarcLevinJeanetteMoll-online.pdf, Richard Mendel, The Missouri Model: 

Reinventing the Practice of Rehabilitating Youthful Offenders, Annie E. Casey Foundation, 

2010, available at http://www.aecf.org/m/resourcedoc/aecf-MissouriModelFullreport-2010.pdf. 

up of the state’s advisory group (SAG) that will bring their expertise to the creation of the plan. While each state looks to JJDPA 

in developing its plan, the plan itself is a creation of state and local 

officials and reflects the state’s priorities in juvenile justice. 

Each young person has unique challenges that are best met by 

those closest to him or her. A program that achieves positive results with the young people of New York City may not be as successful in assisting those living in rural Oklahoma, and vice versa. 

States have distinct challenges and different perspectives, and 

JJDPA allows those differences to flourish while providing clear 

protections for juveniles and requirements for states to address in 

their plans. The Committee believes this balance in federal policy 

encourages state and local innovation to address the circumstances 

facing the young people in their communities while protecting the 

ability for those children to succeed. Helping at-risk youth make 

decisions that improve their future requires commitment from their 

communities, their states, and the federal government. Part of that 

help requires flexibility for state and local governments to address 

the needs of this population, and H.R. 1809 includes provisions to 

protect that flexibility. 

The bill promotes the use by states of relevant data relating to 

adolescent development and juvenile delinquency to improve efficiency and effectiveness. In juvenile justice, states have truly been 

the laboratories of democracy, and in the 14 years since JJDPA 

was last reauthorized, several states have developed, implemented, 

evaluated, and expanded successful approaches to juvenile justice.6

While the work of these states varied, H.R. 1809 recognizes there 

is a core framework of ideas states have implemented successfully. 

These include reserving secure detention for only the most severe 

cases; placing lower-level offenders in community-based alternatives to secure detention; prioritizing mental and behavioral 

services; recognizing that delinquent behavior can often be a response to sexual abuse, exploitation, and other traumas; and using 

assessments and screening tools to determine effective allocations 

of services. Over the last decade, states have consistently shown 

these reforms can be implemented at lower public costs, while 

maintaining public safety. 

As more states implement reforms, we will see success and failure. However, H.R. 1809 recognizes the evidence has grown enough 

to encourage more states to adopt these common-sense reforms, 

and it allows states that have begun to reform their systems to innovate even further in the delivery of services and administration 

of justice. 

Without the proper information, it is difficult to develop, create, 

or administer effective programs. This foundation is necessary to 

34 

7Full Committee hearing entitled ‘‘Reviewing the Juvenile Justice System and How it Serves 

At-Risk Youth’’ on October 8, 2015. Testimony from Mr. Sloane Baxter, Youth Advocate, Washington, D.C. U.S. House of Representatives, Committee on Education and the Workforce, Washington, D.C. 

8 Ibid. 

inform actions, make logical choices, and proceed with the expectation of success. However, this cannot happen if knowledgeable individuals involved in the field are not engaged in creating the goals. 

They are most familiar with the children and the system; therefore, 

their input is essential to the thoughtful development of the goals 

in the state plans. This is a critical way communities and local 

stakeholders can be engaged in helping address juveniles’ needs at 

the local level. 

For example, Mr. Sloane Baxter, a youth activist from Washington, D.C., testified before the Committee about his firsthand experience in the juvenile justice system. Mr. Baxter, at age 14 and 

in retaliation to family problems at home, tried to steal a car. After 

being apprehended by the police, Mr. Baxter was placed on probation. As he explained, ‘‘There was no positive intervention with me 

at this point. Probation monitored me but didn’t do anything to implement help or assistance in my circumstances.’’ 7

Mr. Baxter continued to explain that he was placed in a detention facility that was an arena for fights and unsupervised actions. 

At age 15, Mr. Baxter faced depression and did not see hope for 

his future. However, Boys Town, an organization that provides atrisk youth and their families with services to help them succeed, 

interviewed Mr. Baxter for a spot within their program. He explained, 

I didn’t know what to expect, but when I arrived, it was 

so different from the institutional, locked facilities where 

I had been. Boys Town was the first place that I had went 

where I felt that people actually cared about what they did 

and they actually care[d] about what I did. 

It was a positive, non-hostile environment. The expectations to learn and succeed were clear. It was a family oriented atmosphere.8

Today, because of the alternative interventions he received, Mr. 

Baxter has been continuously employed for four years and has 

begun his own home improvement business. He is self-reliant and 

has cultivated a relationship with his parents. This was all possible 

due to the positive reinforcement and guidance he received through 

an alternative, community-based setting. 

Research and evaluation, statistical analyses, and information dissemination 

Recognizing the positive impact of reliable, up-to-date information, the Juvenile Justice Reform Act of 2017 requires the Administrator annually to support new research, evaluations, statistical 

analyses, and information dissemination on topics related to improving the juvenile justice system. The Administrator is required 

to review recidivism; health needs; possible ways to reduce dangerous practices; recruiting, educating, and retaining qualified, 

high-quality personnel; and changes in victim treatment and response. The Administrator is also required to identify positive outVerDate Sep 11 2014 07:31 May 06, 2017 Jkt 069006 PO 00000 Frm 00034 Fmt 6659 Sfmt 6602 E:\HR\OC\HR111.XXX HR111
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comes and the most cost-effective efforts to reduce recidivism, and 

to evaluate the impact of trying juveniles as adults. 

Professional development, technical assistance, and accountability 

and oversight 

To successfully adhere to program requirements at the state and 

local levels, states and grant recipients need technical assistance. 

The more states and local entities are able to innovate, the more 

programs and initiatives on the local level will succeed in positively 

addressing juvenile justice. To ensure continuous growth, H.R. 

1809 requires oversight and accountability, particularly in relation 

to the adherence to the core requirements. For example, the bill requires a Government Accountability Office review of the internal 

controls at OJJDP to ensure the appropriate grant management 

structures are in place. Additionally, the Committee recognizes professional development can bridge cultural gaps between local and 

state juvenile detention and corrections personnel and the youth 

they serve. Incorporating policies and procedures responsive to cultural differences and cultural competency, the bill supports professional development that will be more effective and result in better 

administration of safer facilities for youth and personnel. Effective 

professional development and technical assistance outlined in H.R. 

1809 ensures states properly implement reforms to their juvenile 

justice systems. 

Youth promise incentive grants for local delinquency prevention programs 

While reform of state juvenile justice facilities is timely and necessary, the Committee believes if states and localities wait until a 

youth has committed a detainable offense to begin offering support, 

they have missed opportunities to change the course of that child’s 

life. Primary prevention and intervention programs have the potential to stop the youth from becoming involved initially with the juvenile or criminal justice system. Research shows that a continuum 

of comprehensive, evidence-based prevention and intervention programs for youth identified as being at risk of delinquent behavior, 

and for those already involved, can greatly reduce juvenile delinquency and crime and save money as compared to law enforcement, 

corrections, and social welfare expenditures. 

By restructuring the Title V Delinquency Prevention Grant Program, H.R. 1809 includes provisions long championed by members 

of Congress to help address the many challenges facing at-risk 

youth. Those efforts include targeting reforms for young people who 

are at-risk of becoming involved, or who are involved, in gangs or 

the criminal justice system, and redirecting them toward productive and law-abiding alternatives. Title III of H.R. 1809 is modeled 

on the Youth PROMISE Act and provides states and localities with 

competitive grants to implement continuums of locally-tailored, evidence-based and promising delinquency prevention and intervention programs. The flexibility and reforms included in the bill allow 

communities to assess and identify where additional services are 

needed to address the needs of at-risk and delinquent youth. These 

services are designed to be offered in a continuum focused on longterm success for vulnerable youth and may include mentoring, 

workforce development, mental health, and substance abuse preVerDate Sep 11 2014 05:43 May 06, 2017 Jkt 069006 PO 00000 Frm 00035 Fmt 6659 Sfmt 6602 E:\HR\OC\HR111.XXX HR111
36 

vention and treatment or a combination of services identified by 

the community, recognizing the continuum of services will vary 

based on the needs of each community. The Committee believes 

this continuum-based approach will provide communities the opportunity to streamline and increase the efficiency of existing programs in order to serve at-risk and delinquent youth in a more 

cost-effective manner. 

CONCLUSION

H.R. 1809 prioritizes what works; provides flexibility for states 

and local communities to meet the needs of delinquent and at-risk 

youth; and improves accountability of juvenile justice programs at 

all levels. Ultimately, this bill will help more children acquire the 

skills and knowledge to hold themselves accountable for their actions, grow into productive members of society, and seize opportunities to work toward a brighter future. 

SECTION-BY-SECTION

The following is a section-by-section analysis of the Amendment 

in the Nature of a Substitute offered by Rep. Lewis and reported 

favorably by the Committee. 

Section 1. Short title 

Lists the short title of the Act as the ‘‘Juvenile Justice Reform 

Act of 2017.’’ 

Section 1. Table of contents 

Lays out the table of contents for the Act. 

TITLE I—DECLARATION OF FINDINGS, PURPOSE, AND DEFINITIONS

Section 101. Findings 

Updates the findings of the Act. 

Section 102. Purposes 

Updates the purposes of the Act. 

Section 103. Definitions 

Updates and provides the definitions for the Act. 

TITLE II—JUVENILE JUSTICE AND DELINQUENCY PREVENTION

Section 201. Concentration of Federal efforts 

Clarifies the Administrator (the Administrator) of the Office of 

Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) must develop and issue a long-term plan to improve juvenile justice systems in the country. The plan must reflect the latest scientific 

knowledge regarding adolescent development and behavior and 

consider the effects prevention and intervention programs have on 

adolescents. 

Section 202. Coordinating Council on Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention 

Updates the panel, procedures, rules, and purpose for the Coordinating Council on Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention 

37 

9 United States Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands. 

(the Council). The primary function of the Council is to coordinate 

all federal juvenile delinquency programs or activities that detain 

or care for delinquent youth or youth at risk of delinquency. Updates the reviews required of the Council. 

Section 203. Annual report 

Updates the timeline for the submission of the annual report by 

the Administrator. The report must contain a detailed summary 

and analysis regarding the current landscape of the juvenile justice 

system in the country. Updates the requirements in the report to 

include specific information related to juveniles, juvenile cases, and 

the internal controls at OJJDP. 

Section 204. Allocation of funds 

Limits the amount of technical assistance grants to five percent 

of the total funds made available for state formula grants. 

Updates the formula for state grants to be based on the most recent census data for state populations under 18 years of age. Updates the ratios for appropriated and allocated funds to states and 

select territories.9

Section 205. State plans 

Makes changes to the state plan to include a description of how 

the state plan is supported by, or takes into account, scientific 

knowledge regarding adolescent development and requires the plan 

to be made public after submission. Updates the state advisory 

group to include publicly-supported, court-appointed legal counsel; 

Indian tribes in states that have Indian tribes; victim advocacy 

groups; and parents of juveniles currently involved in the juvenile 

justice system, as appropriate. 

Updates the state plan to include alternatives to detention for 

status offenders and juveniles who have been induced to perform 

commercial sex acts and plans to reduce the number of children 

housed in secure detention and corrections facilities. The plan also 

includes descriptions on how states will engage family members, 

use community-based services, and promote evidence-based and 

trauma-informed programs and practices. The plan also requires a 

description of how the state will eliminate the use of restraints on 

known pregnant juveniles during labor, delivery, and recovery. 

Updates the plan to include a review when a juvenile may be 

placed in an adult facility or in contact with adult inmates to ensure it is in the interest of justice and requires regular periodic reviews if a juvenile stays in an adult facility or in sight and sound 

contact with adult inmates. Also updates the plan to ensure there 

is a system to monitor facilities, that states are examining key decision points in the system that contribute to disproportionate minority contact, and phases out the use of the valid court order exception for status offenders by September 30, 2020, with a one-year 

hardship exemption for each year a state can prove hardship in removing this exception. Further updates the plan to include descriptions of reentry planning, mental health and substance abuse services, coordination of funding, identification of human trafficking 

38 

survivors, professional development for personnel working with juveniles, and an assurance that the state juvenile justice agency will 

work with the state educational agency to ensure continuity of education services. 

Adds new uses of funds under state grants and requires a priority for evidence-based or promising programs. The uses of funds 

now include programs that provide community-based services for 

youth who have been in, or are at-risk of being involved in, gangs 

and access to appropriate legal representation; inform juveniles of 

the opportunity and process for sealing and expungements of 

records; address the needs of girls at risk of entering the system, 

including human trafficking survivors; provide services for youths 

whose parents or guardians are or were incarcerated or under federal jurisdiction; and provide monitoring and professional development for compliance with the core requirements. 

Updates the Administrator’s responsibilities in determining state 

compliance with the core requirements to ensure a determination 

is made each fiscal year and improves the transparency of the determination as well as action taken. 

Section 206. Repeal of Juvenile Delinquency Prevention Block Grant 

Program 

Repeals a grant program for local delinquency prevention programs that has never been funded. 

Section 207. Research and evaluation; statistical analyses; information dissemination 

Requires the Administrator to annually publish a plan for research and evaluation of issues in juvenile justice and juvenile justice programs. The section adds new research to be considered, including (1) successful efforts to prevent reentry for first-time offenders; (2) behavioral health needs among juveniles; (3) professional development efforts and reforms that result in the reduction 

or elimination of dangerous practices; (4) methods to improve recruitment, selection, and retention of personnel who work in the juvenile justice system; (5) reforms in sex trafficking identification 

and response; (6) identifying positive outcome measures to evaluate 

success; (7) the effects of prosecution and sentencing of juveniles as 

adults; and (8) successful and cost-effective efforts to reduce recidivism. 

Requires the Administrator to conduct a study no later than one 

year after enactment that analyzes the barriers faced by states and 

Indian tribes providing services to juveniles, a description of best 

practices in discharge planning, and an assessment of living arrangements for juveniles who cannot return home. Requires the 

Administrator to develop a metric to determine recidivism rates 

that states may use. 

Section 208. Training and technical assistance 

Updates the requirement that the Administrator provide professional development and technical assistance to public and private 

agencies in order to help them successfully meet the requirements 

of the Act. 

39 

Section 209. Authorization of appropriations 

Authorizes appropriations for Title II. 

Section 210. Administrative authority 

Updates the administrative authority to ensure the Administrator requests information in a manner that respects confidentiality, encourages efficiency, and reduces duplicative reporting. 

Also, requires the Administrator to ensure states meeting the core 

requirements are encouraged to attempt innovative, data-driven 

programs designed to improve the states’ juvenile justice systems. 

TITLE III—INCENTIVE GRANTS FOR LOCAL DELINQUENCY PREVENTION

PROGRAMS

Section 301. Title 

States the short title as ‘‘Youth Promise Incentive Grants for 

Local Delinquency Prevention Programs Act of 2017.’’ 

Section 302. Definitions 

Adds definitions for state entity, mentoring, eligible entities for 

local grants, local policy board, and juvenile delinquency program. 

Section 303. Duties and functions of the administrator 

Strikes the explicit requirement that the Administrator issue 

regulations for this Title. 

Section 304. Grants for delinquency prevention programs 

Lists the purpose of this section as helping local communities address the unmet needs of youth involved in, or at risk of being involved in, juvenile delinquency or gang activity, which includes a 

continuum of evidence-based or promising prevention programs 

and activities. Also specifies the number of states eligible to receive 

an award depending on the appropriated amount. 

Updates the state application to limit the amount a state can 

spend on administrative costs, prohibits grants from supplanting 

state and local efforts in preventing juvenile delinquency, requires 

states to properly evaluate subgrantees’ capacity to carry out the 

duties for receiving the grants, and requires the application be prepared in consultation with those in the field. States must submit 

state plans under Title II to be eligible for this program; however, 

the Administrator can waive that requirement for due cause. 

States that receive grants under this section are authorized to 

make subgrants to local entities for a five-year period of which no 

more than 18 months can be used for planning. Eligible local entities applying for a subgrant must analyze the unmet needs of 

youth in the community in terms of delinquency prevention, develop a minimum three-year comprehensive strategy to address the 

unmet needs with a description of the delinquency prevention programs to be used and how they are to be coordinated, and potential 

savings and efficiencies that may be achieved as a result of the implementation. The plan must also describe how the continuum of 

services will be evaluated, the evidence on which they will be 

based, and how they plan to continue the program after the period 

of federal investment. 

40 

Section 305. Grants for tribal delinquency prevention and response 

programs 

Moves the existing grant program for Indian tribes to its own 

section and makes minor updates to reflect the terminology used 

in juvenile justice. 

Section 306. Authorization of appropriations 

Authorizes appropriations for the title. 

Section 307. Technical and conforming amendment 

Makes a technical and conforming change. 

TITLE IV—MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS

Section 401. Evaluation by government accountability office 

Requires an evaluation by the Government Accountability Office 

no later than one year after enactment of the performance of 

OJJDP and its grantees to prevent waste, fraud, and abuse. 

Section 402. Accountability and oversight 

SENSE OF CONGRESS

Adds a Sense of Congress that states OJJDP should meaningfully enforce the core requirements of the Act and states should exercise oversight of compliance with the core requirements. 

ACCOUNTABILITY

Requires the Director of the Office of Audit, Assessment, and 

Management of the Office of Justice Programs at the Department 

of Justice (DOJ) to, within 60 days of enactment, conduct oversight 

relating to states’ and tribes’ compliance with agency grant program requirements, review and audit internal controls of OJJDP, 

and use the information provided to determine additional oversight 

where needed and the circumstances relating to the audits. The Director is required to submit the report to Congress and make it 

available to the public. 

Requires the Administrator to, within 30 days after enactment, 

evaluate and analyze whether states and tribes are following the 

requirements of the grant programs authorized under this Act. 

And, within 180 days of enactment, the Administrator shall submit 

the findings and recommended actions to Congress. 

Requires the U.S. Attorney General to submit a report on the estimated amount of grant funds disbursed since 2010 that failed to 

meet the requirements for awards no later than 180 days after enactment. 

Prohibits the use of funds for conference expenditures above 

$20,000 without written approval by DOJ and prohibits using 

funds for lobbying activity. 

Requires the U.S. Attorney General to compare potential grant 

awards with other grants awarded to prevent duplication, and if 

duplication occurs, submit to the Senate Committee on the Judiciary and the House Committee on Education and the Workforce 

that information and reasons for duplicative grants. 

Extends the authorization of appropriations for Titles III and IV 

of JJDPA. 

41 

EXPLANATION OF AMENDMENTS

The amendments, including the amendment in the nature of a 

substitute, are explained in the body of this report. 

APPLICATION OF LAW TO THE LEGISLATIVE BRANCH

Section 102(b)(3) of Public Law 104–1 requires a description of 

the application of this bill to the legislative branch. H.R. 1809 supports state and local efforts to address the needs of at-risk youth 

and juvenile offenders. 

UNFUNDED MANDATE STATEMENT

Section 423 of the Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act (as amended by Section 101(a)(2) of the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act, P.L. 104–4) requires a statement of whether the 

provisions of the reported bill include unfunded mandates. This 

issue is addressed in the CBO letter. 

EARMARK STATEMENT

H.R. 1809 does not contain any congressional earmarks, limited 

tax benefits, or limited tariff benefits as defined in clause 9 of 

House rule XXI. 

ROLL CALL VOTES

Clause 3(b) of rule XIII of the Rules of the House of Representatives requires the Committee Report to include for each record vote 

on a motion to report the measure or matter and on any amendments offered to the measure or matter the total number of votes 

for and against and the names of the Members voting for and 

against. No roll call votes were taken for H.R. 1809. 

STATEMENT OF GENERAL PERFORMANCE GOALS AND OBJECTIVES

In accordance with clause (3)(c) of House Rule XIII, the goal of 

H.R. 1809 is to support state and local efforts to address the needs 

of at-risk youth and juvenile offenders. 

DUPLICATION OF FEDERAL PROGRAMS

No provision of H.R. 1809 establishes or reauthorizes a program 

of the Federal Government known to be duplicative of another Federal program, a program that was included in any report from the 

Government Accountability Office to Congress pursuant to section 

21 of Public Law 111–139, or a program related to a program identified in the most recent Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance. 

DISCLOSURE OF DIRECTED RULE MAKINGS

The committee estimates that enacting H.R. 1809 does not specifically direct the completion of any specific rule makings within 

the meaning of 5 U.S.C. 551. 

42 

STATEMENT OF OVERSIGHT FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS OF

THE COMMITTEE

In compliance with clause 3(c)(1) of rule XIII and clause 2(b)(1) 

of rule X of the Rules of the House of Representatives, the committee’s oversight findings and recommendations are reflected in the 

body of this report. 

NEW BUDGET AUTHORITY AND CBO COST ESTIMATE

With respect to the requirements of clause 3(c)(2) of rule XIII of 

the Rules of the House of Representatives and section 308(a) of the 

Congressional Budget Act of 1974 and with respect to requirements 

of clause 3(c)(3) of rule XIII of the Rules of the House of Representatives and section 402 of the Congressional Budget Act of 1974, the 

committee has received the following estimate for H.R. 1809 from 

the Director of the Congressional Budget Office: 

U.S. CONGRESS, 

CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE, 

Washington, DC, April 28, 2017. 

Hon. VIRGINIA FOXX, 

Chairwoman, Committee on Education and the Workforce, 

House of Representatives, Washington, DC. 

DEAR MADAM CHAIRWOMAN: The Congressional Budget Office 

has prepared the enclosed cost estimate for H.R. 1809, the Juvenile 

Justice Reform Act of 2017. 

If you wish further details on this estimate, we will be pleased 

to provide them. The CBO staff contact is Mark Grabowicz. 

Sincerely, 

MARK P. HADLEY

(For Keith Hall, Director). 

Enclosure. 

H.R. 1809—Juvenile Justice Reform Act of 2017 

Summary: H.R. 1809 would authorize the appropriation of about 

$1.6 billion over the 2018–2022 period for the Department of Justice (DOJ) and the Department of Health and Human Services 

(HHS) to operate programs to reduce juvenile justice delinquency, 

assist runaway and homeless youths, and locate missing children. 

Assuming appropriation of the authorized amounts, CBO estimates 

that implementing H.R. 1809 would cost about $1.1 billion over the 

2018–2022 period, with the remaining $500 million being spent in 

years after 2022. 

Enacting the bill would not affect direct spending or revenues; 

therefore, pay-as-you-go procedures do not apply. CBO estimates 

that enacting H.R. 1809 would not increase net direct spending or 

on-budget deficits in any of the four consecutive 10-year periods beginning in 2028. 

H.R. 1809 contains no intergovernmental or private-sector mandates as defined in the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act (UMRA). 

Estimated cost to the Federal Government: The estimated budgetary impact of H.R. 1809 is shown in the following table. The costs 

of this legislation fall within budget functions 500 (education, trainVerDate Sep 11 2014 05:43 May 06, 2017 Jkt 069006 PO 00000 Frm 00042 Fmt 6659 Sfmt 6602 E:\HR\OC\HR111.XXX HR111
43 

ing, employment, and social services) and 750 (administration of 

justice). 

By fiscal year, in millions of dollars 

2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2017– 

2022 

INCREASES IN SPENDING SUBJECT TO APPROPRIATION 

Department of Justice: 

Authorization Level ........................................................................ 0 168 208 211 213 216 1,015 

Estimated Outlays ......................................................................... 0 20 72 125 170 205 593 

Department of Health and Human Services: 

Authorization Level ........................................................................ 0 119 119 119 119 119 596 

Estimated Outlays ......................................................................... 0 13 107 117 119 119 475 

Total 

Authorization Level ............................................................... 0 287 327 330 332 335 1,611 

Estimated Outlays ................................................................ 0 33 179 243 289 324 1,068 

Note: Components may not sum to totals because of rounding. 

Basis of estimate: For this estimate, CBO assumes that the bill 

will be enacted by the end of fiscal year 2017, that authorized 

amounts will be appropriated each year, and that outlays will follow the historical rate of spending for the programs authorized by 

the legislation. 

Department of Justice 

H.R. 1809 would authorize the appropriation of $855 million over 

the 2018–2022 period, mostly for DOJ to make grants to state, 

local, and tribal governments for programs aimed at reducing juvenile delinquency and improving the juvenile justice system. The bill 

also would authorize the appropriation of $40 million annually over 

that period for programs to help locate missing children and prevent child abductions. A full year appropriation has not been enacted for 2017, but on an annualized basis, about $240 million was 

appropriated for similar programs in 2017. CBO estimates that implementing the DOJ provisions would cost $593 million over the 

2018–2022 period; the remaining funds would be spent in years 

after 2022. 

Department of Health and Human Services 

H.R. 1809 would authorize the appropriation of $102 million annually over the 2018–2022 period for HHS programs to assist runaway and homeless youth, including outreach services and the provision of temporary and long-term shelter. The bill also would authorize the appropriation of $17 million annually over the five-year 

period for a program to prevent sexual abuse of homeless street 

youth. A full year appropriation has not been enacted for 2017, but 

on an annualized basis, about $119 million for those programs was 

appropriated for 2017. CBO estimates that implementing those 

HHS provisions would cost $475 million over the 2018–2022 period; 

the remaining funds would be spent in years after 2022. 

Pay-as-you-go considerations: None 

Increase in long–term direct spending and deficits: CBO estimates that enacting H.R. 1809 would not increase net direct spending or on-budget deficits in any of the four consecutive 10-year periods beginning in 2028. 

Intergovernmental and private-sector impact: H.R. 1809 contains 

no intergovernmental or private-sector mandates as defined in 

44 

UMRA. State, local, and tribal governments could benefit from authorized appropriations for juvenile justice programs. Any costs to 

those governments would be incurred voluntarily as a condition of 

receiving federal assistance. 

Estimate prepared by: Federal Costs: Mark Grabowicz (DOJ); 

Jennifer Gray (HHS); Impact on State, Local, and Tribal Governments: Rachel Austin; Impact on the Private Sector: Paige Piper/ 

Bach. 

Estimate approved by: H. Samuel Papenfuss, Deputy Assistant 

Director for Budget Analysis. 

COMMITTEE COST ESTIMATE

Clause 3(d)(1) of rule XIII of the Rules of the House of Representatives requires an estimate and a comparison of the costs 

that would be incurred in carrying out H.R. 1809. However, clause 

3(d)(2)(B) of that rule provides that this requirement does not 

apply when the committee has included in its report a timely submitted cost estimate of the bill prepared by the Director of the Congressional Budget Office under section 402 of the Congressional 

Budget Act. 

CHANGES IN EXISTING LAW MADE BY THE BILL, AS REPORTED

In compliance with clause 3(e) of rule XIII of the Rules of the 

House of Representatives, changes in existing law made by the bill, 

as reported, are shown as follows (new matter is printed in italic 

and existing law in which no change is proposed is shown in 

roman): 

CHANGES IN EXISTING LAW MADE BY THE BILL, AS REPORTED

In compliance with clause 3(e) of rule XIII of the Rules of the 

House of Representatives, changes in existing law made by the bill, 

as reported, are shown as follows (existing law proposed to be omitted is enclosed in black brackets, new matter is printed in italics, 

and existing law in which no change is proposed is shown in 

roman): 

JUVENILE JUSTICE AND DELINQUENCY PREVENTION 

ACT OF 1974 

* * * * * * * 

TITLE I—FINDINGS AND DECLARATION OF PURPOSE 

FINDINGS

SEC. 101. (a) The Congress finds the following: 

(1) Although the juvenile violent crime arrest rate in 1999 

was the lowest in the decade, there remains a consensus that 

the number of crimes and the rate of offending by juveniles nationwide is still too high. 

(2) According to the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, allowing 1 youth to leave school for a life 

of crime and of drug abuse costs society $1,700,000 to 

$2,300,000 annually. 

45 

(3) One in every 6 individuals (16.2 percent) arrested for 

committing violent crime in 1999 was less than 18 years of 

age. In 1999, juveniles accounted for 9 percent of murder arrests, 17 percent of forcible rape arrests, 25 percent of robbery 

arrest, 14 percent of aggravated assault arrests, and 24 percent of weapons arrests. 

(4) More than 1⁄2 of juvenile murder victims are killed with 

firearms. Of the nearly 1,800 murder victims less than 18 

years of age, 17 percent of the victims less than 13 years of age 

were murdered with a firearm, and 81 percent of the victims 

13 years of age or older were killed with a firearm. 

(5) Juveniles accounted for 13 percent of all drug abuse violation arrests in 1999. Between 1990 and 1999, juvenile arrests 

for drug abuse violations rose 132 percent. 

(6) Over the last 3 decades, youth gang problems have increased nationwide. In the 1970’s, 19 States reported youth 

gang problems. By the late 1990’s, all 50 States and the District of Columbia reported gang problems. For the same period, 

the number of cities reporting youth gang problems grew 843 

percent, and the number of counties reporting gang problems 

increased more than 1,000 percent. 

(7) According to a national crime survey of individuals 12 

years of age or older during 1999, those 12 to 19 years old are 

victims of violent crime at higher rates than individuals in all 

other age groups. Only 30.8 percent of these violent victimizations were reported by youth to police in 1999. 

(8) One-fifth of juveniles 16 years of age who had been arrested were first arrested before attaining 12 years of age. Juveniles who are known to the juvenile justice system before attaining 13 years of age are responsible for a disproportionate 

share of serious crimes and violence. 

(9) The increase in the arrest rates for girls and young juvenile offenders, including offenders who enter the juvenile justice 

system as the result of sexual abuse, exploitation, and trauma, 

has changed the composition of violent offenders entering the 

juvenile justice system. 

(10) These problems should be addressed through a 2-track 

common sense approach that addresses the needs of individual 

juveniles and society at large by promoting— 

(A) quality prevention programs that— 

(i) work with juveniles, their families, local public 

agencies, and community-based organizations, and 

take into consideration such factors as whether or not 

juveniles have been the victims of family violence (including child abuse and neglect); and 

(ii) are designed to reduce risks and develop competencies in at-risk juveniles that will prevent, and reduce the rate of, violent delinquent behavior; and 

(B) programs that assist in holding juveniles accountable 

for their actions and in developing the competencies necessary to become responsible and productive members of 

their communities, including a system of graduated sanctions to respond to each delinquent act, requiring juveniles 

to make restitution, or perform community service, for the 

damage caused by their delinquent acts, and methods for 

46 

increasing victim satisfaction with respect to the penalties 

imposed on juveniles for their acts. 

(11) Coordinated juvenile justice and delinquency prevention 

projects that meet the needs of juveniles through the collaboration of the many local service systems juveniles encounter can 

help prevent juveniles from becoming delinquent and help delinquent youth return to a productive life. 

(b) Congress must act now to reform this program by focusing on 

juvenile delinquency prevention programs, as well as programs 

that hold juveniles accountable for their acts and which provide opportunities for competency development. Without true reform, the 

juvenile justice system will not be able to overcome the challenges 

it will face in the coming years when the number of juveniles is expected to increase by 18 percent between 2000 and 2030. 

PURPOSES

SEC. 102. The purposes of this title and title II are— 

(1) to support State, tribal, and local programs that prevent 

juvenile involvement in delinquent behavior; 

(2) to assist State, tribal, and local governments in promoting public safety by encouraging accountability for acts of 

juvenile delinquency; øand¿ 

ø(3) to assist State and local governments in addressing juvenile crime through the provision of technical assistance, research, training, evaluation, and the dissemination of information on effective programs for combating juvenile delinquency.¿ 

(3) to assist State, tribal, and local governments in addressing juvenile crime through the provision of technical assistance, 

research, training, evaluation, and the dissemination of current 

and relevant information on effective and evidence-based programs and practices for combating juvenile delinquency; and 

(4) to support a continuum of evidence-based or promising 

programs (including delinquency prevention, intervention, mental health, behavioral health and substance abuse treatment, 

family services, and services for children exposed to violence) 

that are trauma informed, reflect the science of adolescent development, and are designed to meet the needs of at-risk youth 

and youth who come into contact with the justice system. 

DEFINITIONS

SEC. 103. For purposes of this Act— 

(1) the term ‘‘community based’’ facility, program, or service 

means a small, open group home or other suitable place located 

near the juvenile’s home or family and programs of community 

supervision and service which maintain community and consumer participation in the planning operation, and evaluation 

of their programs which may include, but are not limited to, 

medical, educational, vocational, social, and psychological guidance, training, special education, counseling, alcoholism treatment, drug treatment, and other rehabilitative services; 

(2) the term ‘‘Federal juvenile delinquency program’’ means 

any juvenile delinquency program which is conducted, directly, 

or indirectly, or is assisted by any Federal department or agency, including any program funded under this Act; 

47 

(3) the term ‘‘juvenile delinquency program’’ means any program or activity related to juvenile delinquency prevention, 

control, diversion, treatment, rehabilitation, planning, education, training, and research, including drug and alcohol 

abuse programs; the improvement of the juvenile justice system; and any program or activity designed to reduce known 

risk factors for juvenile delinquent behavior, provides activities 

that build on protective factors for, and develop competencies 

in, juveniles to prevent, and reduce the rate of, delinquent juvenile behavior; 

(4)(A) the term ‘‘Bureau of Justice Assistance’’ means the bureau established by section 401 of title I of the Omnibus Crime 

Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968; 

(B) the term ‘‘Office of Justice Programs’’ means the office established by section 101 of title I of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968; 

(C) the term ‘‘National Institute of Justice’’ means the institute established by section 202(a) of title I of the Omnibus 

Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968; and 

(D) the term ‘‘Bureau of Justice Statistics’’ means the bureau 

established by section 302(a) of title I of the Omnibus Crime 

Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968; 

(5) the term ‘‘Administrator’’ means the agency head designated by section 201(b); 

(6) the term ‘‘law enforcement and criminal justice’’ means 

any activity pertaining to crime prevention, control, or reduction or the enforcement of the criminal law, including, but not 

limited to police efforts to prevent, control, or reduce crime or 

to apprehend criminals, activities of courts having criminal jurisdiction and related agencies (including prosecutorial and defender services), activities of corrections, probation, or parole 

authorities, and programs relating to the prevention, control, 

or reduction of juvenile delinquency or narcotic addiction; 

(7) the term ‘‘State’’ means any State of the United States, 

the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, 

the Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands; 

(8) the term ‘‘unit of local government’’ means— 

(A) any city, county, township, town, borough, parish, 

village, or other general purpose political subdivision of a 

State; 

(B) any law enforcement district or judicial enforcement 

district that— 

(i) is established under applicable State law; and 

(ii) has the authority to, in a manner independent of 

other State entities, establish a budget and raise revenues; or 

ø(C) an Indian Tribe that performs law enforcement 

functions, as determined by the Secretary of the Interior; 

or¿ 

ø(D)¿ (C) for the purposes of assistance eligibility, any 

agency of the government of the District of Columbia or 

the Federal Government that performs law enforcement 

functions in and for— 

(i) the District of Columbia; or 

48 

(ii) any Trust Territory of the United States; 

(9) the term ‘‘combination’’ as applied to States or units of 

local government means any grouping or joining together of 

such States or units for the purpose of preparing, developing, 

or implementing a juvenile justice and delinquency prevention 

plan; 

(10) the term ‘‘construction’’ means acquisition, expansion, 

remodeling, and alteration of existing buildings, and initial 

equipment of any such buildings, or any combination of such 

activities (including architects’ fees but not the cost of acquisition of land for buildings); 

(11) the term ‘‘public agency’’ means any State, unit of local 

government, combination of such States or units, or any department, agency, or instrumentality of any of the foregoing; 

(12) the term ‘‘secure detention facility’’ means any public or 

private residential facility which— 

(A) includes construction fixtures designed to physically 

restrict the movements and activities of juveniles or other 

individuals held in lawful custody in such facility; and 

(B) is used for the temporary placement of any juvenile 

who is accused of having committed an offense or of any 

other individual accused of having committed a criminal 

offense; 

(13) the term ‘‘secure correctional facility’’ means any public 

or private residential facility which— 

(A) includes construction fixtures designed to physically 

restrict the movements and activities of juveniles or other 

individuals held in lawful custody in such facility; and 

(B) is used for the placement, after adjudication and disposition, of any juvenile who has been adjudicated as having committed an offense or any other individual convicted 

of a criminal offense; 

(14) the term ‘‘serious crime’’ means criminal homicide, forcible rape or other sex offenses punishable as a felony, mayhem, 

kidnapping, aggravated assault, drug trafficking, robbery, larceny or theft punishable as a felony, motor vehicle theft, burglary or breaking and entering, extortion accompanied by 

threats of violence, and arson punishable as a felony; 

(15) the term ‘‘treatment’’ includes but is not limited to medical, educational, special education, social, psychological, and 

vocational services, corrective and preventive guidance and 

training, and other rehabilitative services designed to protect 

the public, including services designed to benefit addicts and 

other users by eliminating their dependence on alcohol or other 

addictive or nonaddictive drugs or by controlling their dependence and susceptibility to addiction or use; 

(16) the term ‘‘valid court order’’ means a court order given 

by a juvenile court judge to a juvenile— 

(A) who was brought before the court and made subject 

to such order; and 

(B) who received, before the issuance of such order, the 

full due process rights guaranteed to such juvenile by the 

Constitution of the United States; 

49 

(17) the term ‘‘Council’’ means the Coordinating Council on 

Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention established in 

section 206(a)(1); 

(18) for purposes of title II, the term ‘‘Indian tribe’’ means— 

(A) a federally recognized Indian tribe; or 

(B) an Alaskan Native organization; 

that has a law enforcement function, as determined by the Secretary of the Interior in consultation with the Attorney General; 

(19) the term ‘‘comprehensive and coordinated system of 

services’’ means a system that— 

(A) ensures that services and funding for the prevention 

and treatment of juvenile delinquency are consistent with 

policy goals of preserving families and providing appropriate services in the least restrictive environment so as to 

simultaneously protect juveniles and maintain public safety; 

(B) identifies, and intervenes early for the benefit of, 

young children who are at risk of developing emotional or 

behavioral problems because of physical or mental stress 

or abuse, and for the benefit of their families; 

(C) increases interagency collaboration and family involvement in the prevention and treatment of juvenile delinquency; and 

(D) encourages private and public partnerships in the 

delivery of services for the prevention and treatment of juvenile delinquency; 

(20) the term ‘‘gender-specific services’’ means services designed to address needs unique to the gender of the individual 

to whom such services are provided; 

(21) the term ‘‘home-based alternative services’’ means services provided to a juvenile in the home of the juvenile as an 

alternative to incarcerating the juvenile, and includes home detention; 

ø(22) the term ‘‘jail or lockup for adults’’ means a locked facility that is used by a State, unit of local government, or any 

law enforcement authority to detain or confine adults— 

ø(A) pending the filing of a charge of violating a criminal 

law; 

ø(B) awaiting trial on a criminal charge; or 

ø(C) convicted of violating a criminal law;¿ 

(22) the term ‘‘jail or lockup for adults’’ means a secure facility that is used by a State, unit of local government, or law enforcement authority to detain or confine adult inmates; 

(23) the term ‘‘nonprofit organization’’ means an organization 

described in section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 

1986 that is exempt from taxation under section 501(a) of the 

Internal Revenue Code of 1986; 

(24) the term ‘‘graduated sanctions’’ means an accountabilitybased, graduated series of sanctions (including incentives, 

treatment, and services) applicable to juveniles within the juvenile justice system to hold such juveniles accountable for 

their actions and to protect communities from the effects of juvenile delinquency by providing appropriate sanctions for every 

act for which a juvenile is adjudicated delinquent, by inducing 

50 

their law-abiding behavior, and by preventing their subsequent 

involvement with the juvenile justice system; 

ø(25) the term ‘‘contact’’ means the degree of interaction allowed between juvenile offenders in a secure custody status 

and incarcerated adults under section 31.303(d)(1)(i) of title 28, 

Code of Federal Regulations, as in effect on December 10, 

1996; 

ø(26) the term ‘‘adult inmate’’ means an individual who— 

ø(A) has reached the age of full criminal responsibility under applicable State law; and 

ø(B) has been arrested and is in custody for or 

awaiting trial on a criminal charge, or is convicted of 

a criminal offense;¿ 

(25) the term ‘‘sight or sound contact’’ means any physical, 

clear visual, or verbal contact that is not brief and inadvertent; 

(26) the term ‘‘adult inmate’’— 

(A) means an individual who— 

(i) has reached the age of full criminal responsibility 

under applicable State law; and 

(ii) has been arrested and is in custody for or awaiting trial on a criminal charge, or is convicted of a 

criminal offense; and 

(B) does not include an individual who— 

(i) at the time of the time of the offense, was younger 

than the maximum age at which a youth can be held 

in a juvenile facility under applicable State law; and 

(ii) was committed to the care and custody or supervision, including post-placement or parole supervision, 

of a juvenile correctional agency by a court of competent jurisdiction or by operation of applicable State 

law; 

(27) the term ‘‘violent crime’’ means— 

(A) murder or nonnegligent manslaughter, forcible rape, 

or robbery, or 

(B) aggravated assault committed with the use of a firearm; 

(28) the term ‘‘collocated facilities’’ means facilities that are 

located in the same building, or are part of a related complex 

of buildings located on the same grounds; øand¿ 

(29) the term ‘‘related complex of buildings’’ means 2 or more 

buildings that share— 

(A) physical features, such as walls and fences, or services beyond mechanical services (heating, air conditioning, 

water and sewer); or 

(B) the specialized services that are allowable under section 31.303(e)(3)(i)(C)(3) of title 28 of the Code of Federal 

Regulations, as in effect on December 10, 1996ø.¿; 

(30) the term ‘‘core requirements’’— 

(A) means the requirements described in paragraphs (11), 

(12), (13), and (15) of section 223(a); and 

(B) does not include the data collection requirements described in subparagraphs (A) through (K) of section 207(1); 

(31) the term ‘‘chemical agent’’ means a spray or injection 

used to temporarily incapacitate a person, including oleoresin 

capsicum spray, tear gas, and 2-chlorobenzalmalononitrile gas; 

51 

(32) the term ‘‘isolation’’— 

(A) means any instance in which a youth is confined 

alone for more than 10 minutes in a room or cell; and 

(B) does not include— 

(i) confinement during regularly scheduled sleeping 

hours; 

(ii) separation based on a treatment program approved by a licensed medical or mental health professional; 

(iii) confinement or separation that is requested by 

the youth; or 

(iv) the separation of the youth from a group in a 

nonlocked setting for the limited purpose of calming; 

(33) the term ‘‘restraints’’ has the meaning given that term in 

section 591 of the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 290ii); 

(34) the term ‘‘evidence-based’’ means a program or practice 

that— 

(A) is demonstrated to be effective when implemented 

with fidelity; 

(B) is based on a clearly articulated and empirically supported theory; 

(C) has measurable outcomes relevant to juvenile justice, 

including a detailed description of the outcomes produced 

in a particular population, whether urban or rural; and 

(D) has been scientifically tested and proven effective 

through randomized control studies or comparison group 

studies and with the ability to replicate and scale; 

(35) the term ‘‘promising’’ means a program or practice that— 

(A) is demonstrated to be effective based on positive outcomes relevant to juvenile justice from 1 or more objective, 

independent, and scientifically valid evaluations, as documented in writing to the Administrator; and 

(B) will be evaluated through a well-designed and rigorous study, as described in paragraph (34)(D); 

(36) the term ‘‘dangerous practice’’ means an act, procedure, 

or program that creates an unreasonable risk of physical injury, 

pain, or psychological harm to a juvenile subjected to the act, 

procedure, or program; 

(37) the term ‘‘screening’’ means a brief process— 

(A) designed to identify youth who may have mental 

health, behavioral health, substance abuse, or other needs 

requiring immediate attention, intervention, and further 

evaluation; and 

(B) the purpose of which is to quickly identify a youth 

with possible mental health, behavioral health, substance 

abuse, or other needs in need of further assessment; 

(38) the term ‘‘assessment’’ includes, at a minimum, an interview and review of available records and other pertinent information— 

(A) by an appropriately trained professional who is licensed or certified by the applicable State in the mental 

health, behavioral health, or substance abuse fields; and 

(B) which is designed to identify significant mental 

health, behavioral health, or substance abuse treatment 

needs to be addressed during a youth’s confinement; 

52 

(39) for purposes of section 223(a)(15), the term ‘‘contact’’ 

means the points at which a youth and the juvenile justice system or criminal justice system officially intersect, including 

interactions with a juvenile justice, juvenile court, or law enforcement official; 

(40) the term ‘‘trauma-informed’’ means— 

(A) understanding the impact that exposure to violence 

and trauma have on a youth’s physical, psychological, and 

psychosocial development; 

(B) recognizing when a youth has been exposed to violence and trauma and is in need of help to recover from the 

adverse impacts of trauma; and 

(C) responding in ways that resist retraumatization; 

(41) the term ‘‘racial and ethnic disparity’’ means minority 

youth populations are involved at a decision point in the juvenile justice system at higher rates, incrementally or cumulatively, than non-minority youth at that decision point; 

(42) the term ‘‘status offender’’ means a juvenile who is 

charged with or who has committed an offense that would not 

be criminal if committed by an adult; 

(43) the term ‘‘rural’’ means an area that is not located in a 

metropolitan statistical area, as defined by the Office of Management and Budget; 

(44) the term ‘‘internal controls’’ means a process implemented to provide reasonable assurance regarding the achievement of objectives in— 

(A) effectiveness and efficiency of operations, such as 

grant management practices; 

(B) reliability of reporting for internal and external use; 

and 

(C) compliance with applicable laws and regulations, as 

well as recommendations of the Office of Inspector General 

and the Government Accountability Office; and 

(45) the term ‘‘tribal government’’ means the governing body 

of an Indian tribe. 

TITLE II—JUVENILE JUSTICE AND DELINQUENCY 

PREVENTION 

PART A—JUVENILE JUSTICE AND DELINQUENCY PREVENTION OFFICE

* * * * * * * 

CONCENTRATION OF FEDERAL EFFORTS

SEC. 204. (a)(1) The Administrator shall develop objectives, priorities, and øa long-term plan, and implement¿ a long-term plan to 

improve the juvenile justice system in the United States, taking into 

account scientific knowledge regarding adolescent development and 

behavior and regarding the effects of delinquency prevention programs and juvenile justice interventions on adolescents, and shall 

implement overall policy and a strategy to carry out such plan, for 

all Federal juvenile delinquency programs and activities relating to 

prevention, diversion, training, treatment, rehabilitation, evaluation, øresearch, and improvement of the juvenile justice system in 

the United States¿ and research. In carrying out the functions of 

53 

the Administrator, the Administrator shall consult with the Council. 

(2)(A) The plan described in paragraph (1) shall— 

(i) contain specific goals and criteria for making grants and 

contracts, for conducting research, and for carrying out other 

activities under this title; and 

(ii) provide for coordinating the administration programs and 

activities under this title with the administration of all other 

Federal juvenile delinquency programs and activities, including 

proposals for joint funding to be coordinated by the Administrator. 

(B) The Administrator shall review the plan described in paragraph (1) annually, revise the plan as the Administrator considers 

appropriate, and publish the plan in the øFederal Register—¿ Federal Register during the 30-day period ending on October 1 of each 

year. 

ø(i) not later than 240 days after the date of enactment of 

this paragraph, in the case of the initial plan required by paragraph (1); and 

ø(ii) except as provided in clause (i), in the 30-day period 

ending on October 1 of each year.¿ 

(b) In carrying out the purposes of this Act, the Administrator 

shall— 

(1) advise the President through the Attorney General as to 

all matters relating to federally assisted juvenile deliquency 

programs and Federal policies regarding juvenile delinquency; 

(2) assist operating agencies which have direct responsibilities for the prevention and treatment of juvenile delinquency 

in the development and promulgation of regulations, guidelines, requirements, criteria, standards, procedures, and budget 

requests in accordance with the policies, priorities, and objectives the Administrator establishes; 

(3) conduct and support evaluations and studies of the performance and results achieved by Federal juvenile delinquency 

programs and activities; 

(4) implement Federal juvenile delinquency programs and 

activities among Federal departments and agencies and between Federal juvenile delinquency programs and activities 

and other Federal programs and activities which the Administrator determines may have an important bearing on the success of the entire Federal juvenile delinquency effort; 

(5) not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of the Juvenile Justice Reform Act of 2017, in consultation with Indian 

tribes, develop a policy for the Office of Juvenile Justice and 

Delinquency Prevention to collaborate with representatives of 

Indian tribes with a criminal justice function on the implementation of the provisions of this Act relating to Indian tribes; 

ø(5)¿ (6)(A) develop for each fiscal year, and publish annually in the Federal Register for public comment, a proposed 

comprehensive plan describing the particular activities which 

the Administrator intends to carry out under parts D and E in 

such fiscal year, specifying in detail those activities designed to 

satisfy the requirements of parts D and E; and 

(B) taking into consideration comments received during the 

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54 

lished, develop and publish a final plan, before December 31 of 

such fiscal year, describing the particular activities which the 

Administrator intends to carry out under parts D and E in 

such fiscal year, specifying in detail those activities designed to 

satisfy the requirements of parts D and E; and 

ø(6)¿ (7) provide for the auditing of ømonitoring¿ systems required under øsection 223(a)(15)¿ section 223(a)(14) øto review 

the adequacy of such systems; and¿ for monitoring compliance. 

ø(7) not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment of 

this paragraph, issue model standards for providing mental 

health care to incarcerated juveniles.¿ 

(c) The Administrator may require, through appropriate authority, Federal departments and agencies engaged in any activity involving any Federal juvenile delinquency program to provide the 

Administrator with such information as may be appropriate to prevent the duplication of efforts, and to coordinate activities, related 

to the prevention of juvenile delinquency. 

(d) The Administrator shall have the sole authority to delegate 

any of the functions of the Administrator under this Act. 

(e) The Administrator is authorized to utilize the services and facilities of any agency of the Federal Government and of any other 

public agency or institution in accordance with appropriate agreements, and to pay for such services either in advance or by way of 

reimbursement as may be agreed upon. 

(f) All functions of the Administrator under this title shall be coordinated as appropriate with the functions of the Secretary of 

Health and Human Services under title III of this Act. 

* * * * * * * 

COORDINATING COUNCIL ON JUVENILE JUSTICE AND DELINQUENCY

PREVENTION

SEC. 206. (a)(1) There is hereby established, as an independent 

organization in the executive branch of the Federal Government a 

Coordinating Council on Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention composed of the Attorney General, the Secretary of Health and 

Human Services, the Assistant Secretary for Mental Health and 

Substance Use, the Secretary of the Interior, the Secretary of Labor, 

the Secretary of Education, the Secretary of Housing and Urban 

Development, the Administrator of the Office of Juvenile Justice 

and Delinquency Prevention, the Director of the Office of National 

Drug Control Policy, the Chief Executive Officer of the Corporation 

for National and Community Service, the øCommissioner of Immigration and Naturalization¿ Assistant Secretary for Immigration 

and Customs Enforcement, such other officers of Federal agencies 

who hold significant decisionmaking authority as the President 

may designate, and individuals appointed under paragraph (2). 

(2)(A) Ten members shall be appointed, without regard to political affiliation, to the Council in accordance with this paragraph 

from among individuals who are practitioners in the field of juvenile justice and who are not officers or employees of the øUnited 

States¿ Federal Government. 

(B)(i) Three members shall be appointed by the Speaker of the 

House of Representatives, after consultation with the minority 

leader of the House of Representatives. 

55 

(ii) Three members shall be appointed by the majority leader of 

the Senate, after consultation with the minority leader of the Senate. 

(iii) Three members shall be appointed by the President. 

(iv) One member shall be appointed by the Chairman of the 

Committee on Indian Affairs of the Senate, in consultation 

with the Vice Chairman of that Committee and the Chairman 

and Ranking Member of the Committee on Natural Resources 

of the House of Representatives. 

(C)(i) Of the members appointed under each of clauses (i), (ii), 

and (iii)— 

(I) 1 shall be appointed for a term of 1 year; 

(II) 1 shall be appointed for a term of 2 years; and 

(III) 1 shall be appointed for a term of 3 years; 

as designated at the time of appointment. 

(ii) Except as provided in clause (iii), a vacancy arising during 

the term for which an appointment is made may be filled only for 

the remainder of such term. 

(iii) After the expiration of the term for which a member is appointed, such member may continue to serve until a successor is 

appointed. 

(b) The Attorney General shall serve as Chairman of the Council. 

The Administrator of the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention shall serve as Vice Chairman of the Council. 

The Vice Chairman shall act as Chairman in the absence of the 

Chairman. 

(c)(1) The function of the Council shall be to coordinate all Federal juvenile delinquency programs (in cooperation with State and 

local juvenile justice programs) all Federal programs and activities 

that detain or care for unaccompanied juveniles, and all Federal 

programs relating to missing and exploited children. The Council 

shall examine how the separate programs can be coordinated 

among Federal, State, and local governments to better serve at-risk 

children and juveniles and shall make recommendations to the 

President and to the Congress at least annually with respect to the 

coordination of overall policy and development of objectives and priorities for all Federal juvenile delinquency programs and activities 

and all Federal programs and activities that detain or care for unaccompanied juveniles. The Council shall review the programs and 

practices of Federal agencies and report on the degree to which 

Federal agency funds are used for purposes which are consistent or 

inconsistent with the mandates of øparagraphs (12)(A), (13), and 

(14) of section 223(a) of this title¿ the core requirements. The Council shall review, and make recommendations with respect to, any 

joint funding proposal undertaken by the Office of Juvenile Justice 

and Delinquency Prevention and any agency represented on the 

Council. The Council shall review the reasons why Federal agencies take juveniles into custody and shall make recommendations 

regarding how to improve Federal practices and facilities for holding juveniles in custody. 

(2) In addition to performing their functions as members of the 

Council, the members appointed under subsection (a)(2) shall collectively, on an annual basis— 

(A) make recommendations regarding the development of the 

objectives, priorities, and the long-term plan, and the impleVerDate Sep 11 2014 05:43 May 06, 2017 Jkt 069006 PO 00000 Frm 00055 Fmt 6659 Sfmt 6602 E:\HR\OC\HR111.XXX HR111
56 

mentation of overall policy and the strategy to carry out such 

plan, referred to in section 204(a)(1); and 

ø(B) not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment 

of this paragraph, submit such recommendations to the Administrator, the Chairman of the Committee on Education and the 

Workforce of the House of Representatives, and the Chairman 

of the Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate.¿ 

(B) not later than 120 days after the completion of the last 

meeting of the Council during any fiscal year, submit to the 

Committee on Education and the Workforce of the House of 

Representatives and the Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate a report that— 

(i) contains the recommendations described in subparagraph (A); 

(ii) includes a detailed account of the activities conducted 

by the Council during the fiscal year, including a complete 

detailed accounting of expenses incurred by the Council to 

conduct operations in accordance with this section; 

(iii) is published on the Web sites of the Office of Juvenile 

Justice and Delinquency Prevention, the Council, and the 

Department of Justice; and 

(iv) is in addition to the annual report required under 

section 207. 

(d) The Council shall meet at least quarterly. 

(e) The Administrator shall, with the approval of the Council, appoint such personnel or staff support as the Administrator considers necessary to carry out the purposes of this title. 

(f) Members appointed under subsection (a)(2) shall serve without compensation. Members of the Council shall be reimbursed for 

travel, subsistence, and other necessary expenses incurred by them 

in carrying out the duties of the Council. 

(g) Of sums available to carry out this part, not more than $200,000 shall be available to carry out this section. 

ANNUAL REPORT

SEC. 207. Not later than 180 days after the end of øa fiscal year¿ 

each fiscal year, the Administrator shall submit to the President, 

the Speaker of the House of Representatives, and the President pro 

tempore of the Senate a report that contains the following with respect to such fiscal year: 

(1) A detailed summary and analysis of the most recent data 

available regarding the number of juveniles taken into custody, 

the rate at which juveniles are taken into custody, and the 

trends demonstrated by the data required by subparagraphs 

(A), (B), and (C). Such summary and analysis shall set out the 

information required by subparagraphs (A), (B), (C), and (D) 

separately for juvenile nonoffenders, juvenile status offenders, 

and other juvenile offenders. Such summary and analysis shall 

separately address with respect to each category of juveniles 

specified in the preceding sentence— 

(A) the types of offenses with which the juveniles are 

charged; 

(B) the race øand gender¿, gender, and ethnicity, as such 

term is defined by the Bureau of the Census, of the juveniles; 

57 

(C) the ages of the juveniles; 

(D) the types of facilities used to hold the juveniles (including juveniles treated as adults for purposes of prosecution) in custody, including secure detention facilities, secure correctional facilities, jails, and lockups; 

(E) the number of juveniles who died while in custody 

and the circumstances under which they died; øand¿ 

(F) the educational status of juveniles, including information relating to learning and other disabilities, failing 

performance, grade retention, and dropping out of 

schoolø.¿; 

(G) a summary of data from 1 month of the applicable 

fiscal year of the use of restraints and isolation upon juveniles held in the custody of secure detention and correctional facilities operated by a State or unit of local government; 

(H) the number of status offense cases petitioned to court, 

number of status offenders held in secure detention, the 

findings used to justify the use of secure detention, and the 

average period of time a status offender was held in secure 

detention; 

(I) the number of juveniles released from custody and the 

type of living arrangement to which they are released; 

(J) the number of juveniles whose offense originated on 

school grounds, during school-sponsored off-campus activities, or due to a referral by a school official, as collected 

and reported by the Department of Education or similar 

State educational agency; and 

(K) the number of juveniles in the custody of secure detention and correctional facilities operated by a State or 

unit of local government who report being pregnant. 

(2) A description of the activities for which funds are expended under this part, including the objectives, priorities, accomplishments, and recommendations of the Council. 

(3) A description, based on the most recent data available, of 

the extent to which each State complies with section 223 and 

with the plan submitted under such section by the State for 

such fiscal year. 

(4) An evaluation of the programs funded under this title 

and their effectiveness in reducing the incidence of juvenile delinquency, particularly violent crime, committed by juveniles. 

(5) A description of the criteria used to determine what programs qualify as evidence-based and promising programs 

under this title and title V and a comprehensive list of those 

programs the Administrator has determined meet such criteria 

in both rural and urban areas. 

(6) A description of funding provided to Indian tribes under 

this Act or for a juvenile delinquency or prevention program 

under the Tribal Law and Order Act of 2010 (Public Law 111– 

211; 124 Stat. 2261), including direct Federal grants and funding provided to Indian tribes through a State or unit of local 

government. 

(7) An analysis and evaluation of the internal controls at the 

Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention to determine if grantees are following the requirements of the Office of 

58 

Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention grant programs 

and what remedial action the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention has taken to recover any grant funds that 

are expended in violation of the grant programs, including instances— 

(A) in which supporting documentation was not provided 

for cost reports; 

(B) where unauthorized expenditures occurred; or 

(C) where subrecipients of grant funds were not compliant with program requirements. 

(8) An analysis and evaluation of the total amount of payments made to grantees that the Office of Juvenile Justice and 

Delinquency Prevention recouped from grantees that were found 

to be in violation of policies and procedures of the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention grant programs, including— 

(A) the full name and location of the grantee; 

(B) the violation of the program found; 

(C) the amount of funds sought to be recouped by the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention; and 

(D) the actual amount recouped by the Office of Juvenile 

Justice and Delinquency Prevention. 

PART B—FEDERAL ASSISTANCE FOR STATE AND LOCAL PROGRAMS

AUTHORITY TO MAKE GRANTS AND CONTRACTS

SEC. 221. (a) The Administrator is authorized to make grants to 

States and units of local government or combinations thereof to assist them in planning, establishing, operating, coordinating, and 

evaluating projects directly or through grants and contracts with 

public and private agencies for the development of more effective 

education, training, research, prevention, diversion, treatment, and 

rehabilitation programs in the area of juvenile delinquency and 

programs to improve the juvenile justice system. 

(b)(1) With not to exceed ø2 percent¿ 5 percent of the funds available in a fiscal year to carry out this part, the Administrator shall 

make grants to and enter into contracts with public and private 

agencies, organizations, and individuals to provide technical assistance to States, units of general local governments (and combinations thereof), and local private agencies to facilitate compliance 

with section 223 and implementation of the State plan approved 

under section 223(c). 

(2) Grants and contracts may be made under paragraph (1) only 

to public and private agencies, organizations, and individuals that 

have experience in providing such technical assistance. 

ALLOCATION

SEC. 222. (a)(1) Subject to paragraph (2) and in accordance with 

regulations promulgated under this part, funds shall be allocated 

annually among the States on the basis of relative population of 

people under øage eighteen¿ 18 years of age, based on the most recent data available from the Bureau of the Census. ø(2)(A) Subject to paragraph (3), if the aggregate amount appropriated for a fiscal year to carry out this title is less than 

59 

$75,000,000, then the amount allocated to each State for such fiscal 

year shall be not less than $325,000, or such greater amount up 

to $400,000 as is available to be allocated without reducing the 

amount of any State or territory’s allocation below the amount allocated for fiscal year 2000, except that the amount allocated to the 

Virgin Islands of the United States, Guam, American Samoa, and 

the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands shall be not 

less than $75,000, or such greater amount up to $100,000 as is 

available to be allocated without reducing the amount of any State 

or territory’s allocation below the amount allocated for fiscal year 

2000, each. 

ø(B) Subject to paragraph (3), if the aggregate amount appropriated for a fiscal year to carry out this title equals or exceeds 

$75,000,000, then the amount allocated to each State for such fiscal 

year shall be not less than $600,000, except that the amount allocated to the Virgin Islands of the United States, Guam, American 

Samoa, and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands 

shall be not less than $100,000, or such greater amount up to 

$100,000 as is available to be allocated without reducing the 

amount of any State or territory’s allocation below the amount allocated for fiscal year 2000, each. 

ø(3) If, as a result of paragraph (2), the amount allocated to a 

State for a fiscal year would be less than the amount allocated to 

such State for fiscal year 2000, then the amounts allocated to satisfy the requirements of such paragraph shall be reduced pro rata 

to the extent necessary to allocate to such State for the fiscal year 

the amount allocated to such State for fiscal year 2000.¿ 

(2)(A) If the aggregate amount appropriated for a fiscal year to carry out this title is less than $75,000,000, then— 

(i) the amount allocated to each State other than a State described in clause (ii) for that fiscal year shall be not less than 

$400,000; and 

(ii) the amount allocated to the United States Virgin Islands, 

Guam, American Samoa, and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands for that fiscal year shall be not less than 

$75,000. 

(B) If the aggregate amount appropriated for a fiscal year to carry 

out this title is not less than $75,000,000, then— 

(i) the amount allocated to each State other than a State described in clause (ii) for that fiscal year shall be not less than 

$600,000; and 

(ii) the amount allocated to the United States Virgin Islands, 

Guam, American Samoa, and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands for that fiscal year shall be not less than 

$100,000. 

(b) If any amount so allocated remains unobligated at the end of 

the fiscal year, such funds shall be reallocated in a manner equitable and consistent with the purpose of this part. Any amount so 

reallocated shall be in addition to the amounts already allocated 

and available to the State, the Virgin Islands, American Samoa, 

Guam, and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands 

for the same period. 

(c) In accordance with regulations promulgated under this part, 

a portion of any allocation to any State under this part shall be 

available to develop a State plan or for other pre-award activities 

60 

associated with such State plan, and to pay that portion of the expenditures which are necessary for øefficient administration, including monitoring, evaluation, and one full-time staff position¿ effective and efficient administration of funds, including the designation of not less than 1 individual who shall coordinate efforts to 

achieve and sustain compliance with the core requirements and certify whether the State is in compliance with such requirements. Not 

more than 10 percent of the total annual allocation of such State 

shall be available for such purposes, except that any amount expended or obligated by such State, or by units of local government 

or any combination thereof, from amounts made available under 

this subsection shall be matched (in an amount equal to any such 

amount so expended or obligated) by such State, or by such units 

or combinations, from State or local funds, as the case may be. The 

State shall make available needed funds for planning and administration to units of local government or combinations thereof within 

the State on an equitable basis. 

(d) In accordance with regulations promulgated under this part, 

ø5 per centum of the minimum¿ not more than 5 percent of the annual allocation to any State under this part shall be available to 

assist the advisory group established under section 223(a)(3) of this 

Act. 

STATE PLANS

SEC. 223. (a) In order to receive formula grants under this part, 

a State shall submit a plan for carrying out its purposes applicable 

to a 3-year period. Such plan shall be amended annually to include 

new programs, projects, and activities. The State shall submit annual performance reports to the Administrator which shall describe 

progress in implementing programs contained in the original plan, 

øand shall describe the status of compliance with State plan requirements.¿ and shall describe how the State plan is supported by 

or takes account of scientific knowledge regarding adolescent development and behavior and regarding the effects of delinquency prevention programs and juvenile justice interventions on adolescents. 

Not later than 60 days after the date on which a plan or amended 

plan submitted under this subsection is finalized, a State shall 

make the plan or amended plan publicly available by posting the 

plan or amended plan on the State’s publicly available website. In 

accordance with regulations which the Administrator shall prescribe, such plan shall— 

(1) designate the State agency ødescribed in section 

299(c)(1)¿ as designated by the chief executive officer of the 

State as the sole agency for supervising the preparation and 

administration of the plan; 

(2) contain satisfactory evidence that the state agency designated in accordance with paragraph (1) has or will have authority, by legislation if necessary, to implement such plan in 

conformity with this part; 

(3) provide for an advisory group that— 

(A) shall consist of not less than 15 and not more than 

33 members appointed by the chief executive officer of the 

State— 

(i) which members have training, experience, or special knowledge concerning adolescent development, the 

61 

prevention and treatment of juvenile delinquency, the 

administration of juvenile justice, or the reduction of 

juvenile delinquency; 

(ii) which members include— 

(I) at least 1 locally elected official representing 

general purpose local government; 

(II) representatives of law enforcement and juvenile justice agencies, including juvenile and 

family court judges, prosecutors, counsel for children and youth, publicly supported court-appointed legal counsel with experience representing 

juveniles in delinquency proceedings, and probation workers; 

(III) representatives of public agencies concerned with delinquency prevention or treatment, 

such as welfare, social services, ømental health, 

education, special education¿ child and adolescent 

mental health, education, child and adolescent 

substance abuse, special education, services for 

youth with disabilities, recreation, and youth services; 

(IV) representatives of private nonprofit organizations, including persons with a special focus on 

preserving and strengthening families, parent 

groups and parent self-help groups, youth development, delinquency prevention and treatment, neglected or dependent children, the quality of juvenile justice, education, and social services for children; 

(V) volunteers who work with ødelinquents or 

potential delinquents¿ delinquent youth or youth 

at risk of delinquency; 

(VI) øyouth workers involved with¿ representatives of programs that are alternatives to incarceration, including programs providing organized 

recreation activities; 

(VII) persons with special experience and competence in addressing problems related to school 

violence and vandalism and alternatives to suspension and expulsion; øand¿ 

ø(VIII) persons with special experience and competence in addressing problems related to learning 

disabilities, emotional difficulties, child abuse and 

neglect, and youth violence;¿ 

(VIII) persons, licensed or certified by the applicable State, with expertise and competence in preventing and addressing mental health and substance abuse needs in delinquent youth and youth 

at risk of delinquency; 

(IX) representatives of victim or witness advocacy groups, including at least 1 individual with 

expertise in addressing the challenges of sexual 

abuse and exploitation and trauma, particularly 

the needs of you who experience disproportionate 

62 

levels of sexual abuse, exploitation, and trauma before entering the juvenile justice system; and 

(X) for a State in which 1 or more Indian tribes 

are located, an Indian tribal representative or 

other individual with significant expertise in tribal 

law enforcement and juvenile justice in Indian 

tribal communities; 

(iii) a majority of which members (including the 

chairperson) shall not be full-time employees of the 

Federal, State, or local government; 

(iv) at least one-fifth of which members shall be 

under the age of ø24 at the time of appointment¿ 28 

at the time of initial appointment; and 

(v) at least 3 members who have been or are currently under the jurisdiction of the juvenile justice system or, if not feasible and in appropriate circumstances, who is the parent or guardian of someone 

who has been or is currently under the jurisdiction of 

the juvenile justice system; 

(B) shall participate in the development and review of 

the State’s juvenile justice plan prior to submission to the 

supervisory board for final action; 

(C) shall be afforded the opportunity to review and comment, not later than ø30 days¿ 45 days after their submission to the advisory group, on all juvenile justice and delinquency prevention grant applications submitted to the 

State agency designated under paragraph (1); 

(D) shall, consistent with this title— 

(i) advise the State agency designated under paragraph (1) and its supervisory board; øand¿ 

(ii) submit to the chief executive officer and the legislature of the State øat least annually recommendations regarding State compliance with the requirements of paragraphs (11), (12), and (13)¿ at least every 

2 years a report and necessary recommendations regarding State compliance with the core requirements; 

and 

(iii) contact and seek regular input from juveniles 

currently under the jurisdiction of the juvenile justice 

system; and 

(E) may, consistent with this title— 

(i) advise on State supervisory board and local criminal justice advisory board composition; and 

(ii) review progress and accomplishments of projects 

funded under the State planø.¿; 

(4) provide for the active consultation with and participation 

of units of local government or combinations thereof in the development of a State plan which adequately takes into account 

the needs and requests of units of local government, except 

that nothing in the plan requirements, or any regulations promulgated to carry out such requirements, shall be construed to 

prohibit or impede the State from making grants to, or entering into contracts with, local private agencies or the advisory 

group; 

63 

(5) unless the provisions of this paragraph are waived at the 

discretion of the Administrator for any State in which the services for delinquent or other youth are organized primarily on 

a statewide basis, provide that at least 662⁄3 per centum of 

funds received by the State under section 222 reduced by the 

percentage (if any) specified by the State under the authority 

of paragraph (25) and excluding funds made available to the 

state advisory group under section 222(d), shall be expended— 

(A) through programs of units of local government or 

combinations thereof, to the extent such programs are consistent with the State plan; 

(B) through programs of local private agencies, to the extent such programs are consistent with the State plan, except that direct funding of any local private agency by a 

State shall be permitted only if such agency requests such 

funding after it has applied for and been denied funding 

by any unit of local government or combination thereof; 

and 

(C) to provide funds for programs of øIndian tribes that 

perform law enforcement functions (as determined by the 

Secretary of the Interior) and that agree to attempt to 

comply with the requirements specified in paragraphs (11), 

(12), and (13), applicable to the detention and confinement 

of juveniles¿ Indian tribes that agree to attempt to comply 

with the core requirements applicable to the detention and 

confinement of juveniles, an amount that bears the same 

ratio to the aggregate amount to be expended through programs referred to in subparagraphs (A) and (B) as the population under 18 years of age in the geographical areas in 

which such tribes perform such functions bears to the 

State population under 18 years of age. 

(6) provide for an equitable distribution of the assistance received under section 222 within the State, including in rural 

areas; 

(7)(A) provide for an analysis of juvenile delinquency problems in, and the juvenile delinquency control and delinquency 

prevention needs (including educational needs) of, the State 

(including any geographical area in which an Indian tribe 

øperforms law enforcement functions¿ has jurisdiction), a description of the services to be provided, and a description of 

performance goals and priorities, including a specific statement 

of the manner in which programs are expected to meet the 

identified juvenile crime problems (including the joining of 

gangs that commit crimes) and juvenile justice and delinquency prevention needs (including educational needs) of the 

State; and 

(B) contain— 

(i) an analysis of gender-specific services for the prevention and treatment of juvenile delinquency, including the 

types of such services available and the need for such services; 

(ii) a plan for providing needed gender-specific services 

for the prevention and treatment of juvenile delinquency; 

64 

(iii) a plan for providing needed services for the prevention and treatment of juvenile delinquency in rural areas; 

øand¿ 

ø(iv) a plan for providing needed mental health services 

to juveniles in the juvenile justice system, including information on how such plan is being implemented and how 

such services will be targeted to those juveniles in such 

system who are in greatest need of such services;¿ 

(iv) a plan to provide alternatives to detention for status 

offenders, survivors of commercial sexual exploitation, and 

others, where appropriate, such as specialized or problemsolving courts or diversion to home-based or communitybased services or treatment for those youth in need of mental health, substance abuse, or co-occurring disorder services at the time such juveniles first come into contact with 

the juvenile justice system; 

(v) a plan to reduce the number of children housed in secure detention and corrections facilities who are awaiting 

placement in residential treatment programs; 

(vi) a plan to engage family members, where appropriate, 

in the design and delivery of juvenile delinquency prevention and treatment services, particularly post-placement; 

(vii) a plan to use community-based services to respond 

to the needs of at-risk youth or youth who have come into 

contact with the juvenile justice system; 

(viii) a plan to promote evidence-based and trauma-informed programs and practices; and 

(ix) not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of 

the Juvenile Justice Reform Act of 2017, a plan, which 

shall be implemented not later than 2 years after the date 

of enactment of the Juvenile Justice Reform Act of 2017, 

to— 

(I) eliminate the use of restraints of known pregnant 

juveniles housed in secure juvenile detention and correction facilities, during labor, delivery, and postpartum recovery, unless credible, reasonable grounds 

exist to believe the detainee presents an immediate and 

serious threat of hurting herself, staff, or others; and 

(II) eliminate the use of abdominal restraints, leg 

and ankle restraints, wrist restraints behind the back, 

and four-point restraints on known pregnant juveniles, 

unless— 

(aa) credible, reasonable grounds exist to believe 

the detainee presents an immediate and serious 

threat of hurting herself, staff, or others; or 

(bb) reasonable grounds exist to believe the detainee presents an immediate and credible risk of 

escape that cannot be reasonably minimized 

through any other method; 

(8) provide for the coordination and maximum utilization of 

øexisting¿ evidence-based and promising juvenile delinquency 

programs, programs operated by public and private agencies 

and organizations, and other related programs (such as education, special education, recreation, health, and welfare programs) in the State; 

65 

(9) provide that not less than 75 percent of the funds available to the State under section 222, other than funds made 

available to the State advisory group under section 222(d), 

whether expended directly by the State, by the unit of local 

government, or by a combination thereof, or through grants 

and contracts with public or private nonprofit agencies, shall 

be used for, with priority in funding given to entities meeting 

the criteria for evidence-based or promising programs— (A) community-based alternatives (including home-based 

alternatives) to incarceration and institutionalization including— 

(i) for status offenders and other youth who need 

temporary placement: crisis intervention, shelter, and 

after-care; øand¿ 

(ii) for youth who need residential placement: a continuum of foster care or group home alternatives that 

provide access to a comprehensive array of services; 

and 

(iii) for youth who need specialized intensive and 

comprehensive services that address the unique issues 

encountered by youth when they become involved with 

gangs; 

(B) community-based programs and services to work 

with— 

(i) øparents and other family members¿ status offenders, other youth, and the parents and other family 

members of such offenders and youth to strengthen 

families, including parent self-help groups, so that juveniles may øbe retained¿ remain in their homes; 

(ii) juveniles during their incarceration, and with 

their families, to ensure the safe return of such juveniles to their homes and to strengthen the families; 

and 

(iii) parents with limited English-speaking ability, 

particularly in areas where there is a large population 

of families with limited-English speaking ability; 

(C) comprehensive juvenile justice and delinquency prevention programs that meet the needs of youth through 

the collaboration of the many local systems before which 

a youth may appear, including schools, courts, law enforcement agencies, child protection agencies, mental health 

agencies, welfare services, health care agencies, and private nonprofit agencies offering youth services; 

(D) programs that provide treatment to juvenile offenders who are victims of child abuse or neglect, and to their 

families, in order to reduce the likelihood that such juvenile offenders will commit subsequent violations of law; 

(E) educational programs or supportive services for ødelinquent¿ at-risk or delinquent youth or other juveniles— 

(i) to encourage juveniles to remain in elementary 

and secondary schools or in alternative learning situations, including for truancy prevention and reduction; 

(ii) to provide services to assist juveniles in making 

the transition to the world of work and self-sufficiency; 

and 

66 

(iii) enhance coordination with the local schools that 

such juveniles would otherwise attend, to ensure 

that— 

(I) the instruction that juveniles receive outside 

school is closely aligned with the instruction provided in school; and 

(II) information regarding any learning problems identified in such alternative learning situations are communicated to the schools; 

(F) øexpanding¿ programs to expand the use of probation officers— 

(i) particularly for the purpose of permitting nonviolent juvenile offenders (including status offenders) 

to remain at home with their families as an alternative to incarceration or institutionalization; and 

(ii) to ensure that juveniles follow the terms of their 

probation; 

(G) programs— 

(i) to ensure youth have access to appropriate legal 

representation; and 

(ii) to expand access to publicly supported, court-appointed legal counsel who are trained to represent juveniles in adjudication proceedings, 

except that the State may not use more than 2 percent of 

the funds received under section 222 for these purposes; 

ø(G)¿ (H) counseling, training, and mentoring programs, 

which may be in support of academic tutoring, vocational 

and technical training, and drug and violence prevention 

counseling, that are designed to link at-risk juveniles, juvenile offenders, or juveniles who have a parent or legal 

guardian who is or was incarcerated in a Federal, øState,¿ 

State, tribal, or local correctional facility or who is otherwise under the jurisdiction of a Federal, øState,¿ State, 

tribal, or local criminal justice system, particularly juveniles residing in low-income and high-crime areas and juveniles experiencing educational failure, with responsible 

individuals (such as law enforcement officials, Department 

of Defense personnel, individuals working with local businesses, and individuals working with community-based 

and faith-based organizations and agencies) who are properly screened and trained; 

ø(H)¿ (I) programs designed to develop and implement 

projects relating to juvenile delinquency and learning disabilities, including on-the-job training programs to assist 

community services, law enforcement, and juvenile justice 

personnel to more effectively recognize and provide for 

learning disabled and other juveniles with disabilities; 

ø(I)¿ (J) projects designed both to deter involvement in 

illegal activities and to promote involvement in lawful activities on the part of gangs whose membership is substantially composed of youth; 

ø(J)¿ (K) programs and projects designed to provide for 

the treatment of youths’ dependence on or abuse of alcohol 

or other addictive or nonaddictive drugs; 

67 

ø(K)¿ (L) programs for positive youth development that 

assist delinquent and other at-risk youth in obtaining— 

(i) a sense of safety and structure; 

(ii) a sense of belonging and membership; 

(iii) a sense of self-worth and social contribution; 

(iv) a sense of independence and control over one’s 

life; and 

(v) a sense of closeness in interpersonal relationships; 

ø(L)¿ (M) programs that, in recognition of varying degrees of the seriousness of delinquent behavior and the 

corresponding gradations in the responses of the juvenile 

justice system in response to that behavior, are designed 

to— 

(i) encourage courts to develop and implement a continuum of pre-adjudication and post-adjudication ørestraints¿ alternatives that bridge the gap between traditional probation and confinement in a correctional 

setting (including specialized or problem-solving 

courts, expanded use of probation, mediation, restitution, community service, treatment, home detention, 

intensive supervision, electronic monitoring, and similar programs, and secure community-based treatment 

facilities linked to other support services such as 

health, mental health, education (remedial and special), job training, and recreation); and 

(ii) assist in the provision øby the provision by the 

Administrator¿ of information and technical assistance, including technology transfer, øto States¿ in the 

design and utilization of risk assessment mechanisms 

to aid juvenile justice personnel in determining appropriate sanctions for delinquent behavior; 

ø(M)¿ (N) community-based programs and services to 

work with juveniles, their parents, and other family members during and after incarceration in order to strengthen 

families and reduce the risk of recidivism øso that such juveniles may be retained in their homes¿; 

ø(N)¿ (O) programs (including referral to literacy programs and social service programs) to assist families with 

limited English-speaking ability that include delinquent 

juveniles to overcome language and other barriers that 

may prevent the complete treatment of such juveniles and 

the preservation of their families; 

ø(O)¿ (P) programs designed to prevent and to reduce 

hate crimes committed by juveniles; 

ø(P)¿ (Q) after-school programs that provide at-risk juveniles and juveniles in the juvenile justice system with a 

range of age-appropriate activities, including tutoring, 

mentoring, and other educational and enrichment activities; 

ø(Q)¿ (R) community-based programs that provide follow-up post-placement services to adjudicated juveniles, to 

promote successful reintegration into the community; 

68 

ø(R)¿ (S) projects designed to develop and implement 

programs to protect the rights of juveniles affected by the 

juvenile justice system; øand¿ 

ø(S)¿ (T) programs designed to provide mental health or 

co-occurring disorder services for court-involved or incarcerated juveniles øsuspected to be¿ in need of such services, including assessment, development of individualized 

treatment plans, øand discharge plans¿ provision of treatment, and development of discharge plans ø.¿; 

(U) programs and projects designed— 

(i) to inform juveniles of the opportunity and process 

for sealing and expunging juvenile records; and 

(ii) to assist juveniles in pursuing juvenile record 

sealing and expungements for both adjudications and 

arrests not followed by adjudications; 

except that the State may not use more than 2 percent of 

the funds received under section 222 for these purposes; 

(V) programs that address the needs of girls in or at risk 

of entering the juvenile justice system, including pregnant 

girls, young mothers, victims of sexual abuse, survivors of 

commercial sexual exploitation or domestic child sex trafficking, girls with disabilities, and girls of color, including 

girls who are members of an Indian tribe; and 

(W) monitoring for compliance with the core requirements 

and providing training and technical assistance on the core 

requirements to secure facilities; 

(10) provide for the development of an adequate research, 

training, and evaluation capacity within the State; 

ø(11) shall, in accordance with rules issued by the Administrator, provide that— 

ø(A) juveniles who are charged with or who have committed an offense that would not be criminal if committed 

by an adult, excluding— 

ø(i) juveniles who are charged with or who have 

committed a violation of section 922(x)(2) of title 18, 

United States Code, or of a similar State law; 

ø(ii) juveniles who are charged with or who have 

committed a violation of a valid court order; and 

ø(iii) juveniles who are held in accordance with the 

Interstate Compact on Juveniles as enacted by the 

State; 

shall not be placed in secure detention facilities or secure 

correctional facilities; and 

ø(B) juveniles— 

ø(i) who are not charged with any offense; and 

ø(ii) who are— 

ø(I) aliens; or 

ø(II) alleged to be dependent, neglected, or 

abused; 

shall not be placed in secure detention facilities or secure 

correctional facilities;¿ 

(11)(A) in accordance with rules issued by the Administrator, 

provide that a juvenile shall not be placed in a secure detention 

facility or a secure correctional facility, if— 

69 

(i) the juvenile is charged with or has committed an offense that would not be criminal if committed by an adult, 

excluding— 

(I) a juvenile who is charged with or has committed 

a violation of section 922(x)(2) of title 18, United States 

Code, or of a similar State law; 

(II) a juvenile who is charged with or has committed 

a violation of a valid court order issued and reviewed 

in accordance with paragraph (23); and 

(III) a juvenile who is held in accordance with the 

Interstate Compact on Juveniles as enacted by the 

State; or 

(ii) the juvenile— 

(I) is not charged with any offense; and 

(II)(aa) is an alien; or 

(bb) is alleged to be dependent, neglected, or abused; 

and 

(B) require that— 

(i) not later than 3 years after the date of enactment of 

the Juvenile Justice Reform Act of 2017, unless a court 

finds, after a hearing and in writing, that it is in the interest of justice, juveniles awaiting trial or other legal process 

who are treated as adults for purposes of prosecution in 

criminal court and housed in a secure facility— 

(I) shall not have sight or sound contact with adult 

inmates; and 

(II) except as provided in paragraph (13), may not be 

held in any jail or lockup for adults; 

(ii) in determining under subparagraph (A) whether it is 

in the interest of justice to permit a juvenile to be held in 

any jail or lockup for adults, or have sight or sound contact 

with adult inmates, a court shall consider— 

(I) the age of the juvenile; 

(II) the physical and mental maturity of the juvenile; 

(III) the present mental state of the juvenile, including whether the juvenile presents an imminent risk of 

harm to the juvenile; 

(IV) the nature and circumstances of the alleged offense; 

(V) the juvenile’s history of prior delinquent acts; 

(VI) the relative ability of the available adult and juvenile detention facilities to not only meet the specific 

needs of the juvenile but also to protect the safety of the 

public as well as other detained youth; and 

(VII) any other relevant factor; and 

(iii) if a court determines under subparagraph (A) that it 

is in the interest of justice to permit a juvenile to be held 

in any jail or lockup for adults— 

(I) the court shall hold a hearing not less frequently 

than once every 30 days, or in the case of a rural jurisdiction, not less frequently than once every 45 days, to 

review whether it is still in the interest of justice to permit the juvenile to be so held or have such sight or 

sound contact; and 

70 

(II) the juvenile shall not be held in any jail or lockup for adults, or permitted to have sight or sound contact with adult inmates, for more than 180 days, unless the court, in writing, determines there is good 

cause for an extension or the juvenile expressly waives 

this limitation; 

(12) provide that— 

(A) juveniles alleged to be or found to be delinquent or 

juveniles within the purview of paragraph (11) will not be 

detained or confined in any institution in which they have 

øcontact¿ sight or sound contact with adult inmates; and 

(B) there is in effect in the State a policy that requires 

individuals who work with both such juveniles and such 

adult inmates, including in collocated facilities, have been 

trained and certified to work with juveniles; 

(13) provide that no juvenile will be detained or confined in 

any jail or lockup for adults except— 

(A) juveniles who are accused of nonstatus offenses and 

who are detained in such jail or lockup for a period not to 

exceed 6 hours— 

(i) for processing or release; 

(ii) while awaiting transfer to a juvenile facility; or 

(iii) in which period such juveniles make a court appearance; 

and only if such juveniles do not have øcontact¿ sight or 

sound contact with adult inmates and only if there is in effect in the State a policy that requires individuals who 

work with both such juveniles and adult inmates in collocated facilities have been trained and certified to work 

with juveniles; 

(B) juveniles who are accused of nonstatus offenses, who 

are awaiting an initial court appearance that will occur 

within 48 hours after being taken into custody (excluding 

Saturdays, Sundays, and legal holidays), and who are detained in a jail or lockup— 

(i) in which— 

(I) such juveniles do not have øcontact¿ sight or 

sound contact with adult inmates; and 

(II) there is in effect in the State a policy that 

requires individuals who work with both such juveniles and adults inmates in collocated facilities 

have been trained and certified to work with juveniles; and 

(ii) that— 

(I) is located outside a metropolitan statistical 

area (as defined by the Office of Management and 

Budget) and has no existing acceptable alternative 

placement available; 

(II) is located where conditions of distance to be 

traveled or the lack of highway, road, or transportation do not allow for court appearances within 

48 hours (excluding Saturdays, Sundays, and legal 

holidays) so that a brief (not to exceed an additional 48 hours) delay is excusable; or 

71 

(III) is located where conditions of safety exist 

(such as severe adverse, life-threatening weather 

conditions that do not allow for reasonably safe 

travel), in which case the time for an appearance 

may be delayed until 24 hours after the time that 

such conditions allow for reasonable safe travel; 

(14) provide for an øadequate system¿ effective system of 

monitoring jails, lock-ups, detention facilities, and correctional 

facilitiesø, and non-secure facilities¿ to øinsure¿ ensure that 

the ørequirements of paragraphs (11), (12), and (13) ¿ core requirements are met, and for annual reporting of the results of 

such monitoring to the Administrator, except that such reporting requirements shall not apply in the case of a State which 

is in compliance with the other requirements of this paragraph, which is in compliance with the requirements in paragraphs (11) and (12), and which has enacted legislation which 

conforms to such requirements and which containsø, in the 

opinion of the Administrator,¿ sufficient enforcement mechanisms to ensure that such legislation will be administered effectively; 

(15) implement policy, practice, and system improvement 

strategies at the State, territorial, local, and tribal levels, as applicable, to identify and reduce racial and ethnic disparities 

among youth who come into contact with the juvenile justice 

system, without establishing or requiring numerical standards 

or quotas, by— 

(A) establishing or designating existing coordinating bodies, composed of juvenile justice stakeholders, (including 

representatives of the educational system) at the State, 

local, or tribal levels, to advise efforts by States, units of 

local government, and Indian tribes to reduce racial and 

ethnic disparities; 

(B) identifying and analyzing data on race and ethnicity 

at all decision points in State, local, or tribal juvenile justice systems to determine which key points create racial and 

ethnic disparities among youth who come into contact with 

the juvenile justice system; and 

(C) developing and implementing a work plan that includes measurable objectives for policy, practice, or other 

system changes, based on the needs identified in the data 

collection and analysis under subparagraph (B); 

ø(15)¿ (16) provide assurance that youth in the juvenile justice system are treated equitably on the basis of gender, race, 

ethnicity, family income, and disability; 

ø(16)¿ (17) provide assurance that consideration will be 

given to and that assistance will be available for approaches 

designed to strengthen the families of delinquent and other 

youth to prevent juvenile delinquency (which approaches 

should include the involvement of grandparents or other extended family members when possible and appropriate and the 

provision of family counseling during the incarceration of juvenile family members and coordination of family services when 

appropriate and feasible); 

ø(17)¿ (18) provide for procedures to be established for protecting the rights of recipients of services and for assuring apVerDate Sep 11 2014 05:43 May 06, 2017 Jkt 069006 PO 00000 Frm 00071 Fmt 6659 Sfmt 6602 E:\HR\OC\HR111.XXX HR111
72 

propriate privacy with regard to records relating to such services provided to any individual under the State plan; 

ø(18)¿ (19) provide assurances that— 

(A) any assistance provided under this Act will not cause 

the displacement (including a partial displacement, such 

as a reduction in the hours of nonovertime work, wages, or 

employment benefits) of any currently employed employee; 

(B) activities assisted under this Act will not impair an 

existing collective bargaining relationship, contract for 

services, or collective bargaining agreement; and 

(C) no such activity that would be inconsistent with the 

terms of a collective bargaining agreement shall be undertaken without the written concurrence of the labor organization involved; 

ø(19)¿ (20) provide for such fiscal control and fund accounting procedures necessary to assure prudent use, proper disbursement, and accurate accounting of funds received under 

this title; 

ø(20)¿ (21) provide reasonable assurances that Federal funds 

made available under this part for any period will be so used 

as to supplement and increase (but not supplant) the level of 

the State, ølocal,¿ local, tribal, and other non-Federal funds 

that would in the absence of such Federal funds be made available for the programs described in this part, and will in no 

event replace such State, ølocal,¿ local, tribal, and other nonFederal funds; 

ø(21)¿ (22) provide that the State agency designated under 

paragraph (1) will— 

(A) to the extent practicable give priority in funding to 

programs and activities that are based on rigorous, systematic, and objective research that is scientifically based; 

(B) from time to time, but not less than annually, review 

its plan and submit to the Administrator an analysis and 

evaluation of the effectiveness of the programs and activities carried out under the plan, and any modifications in 

the plan, including the survey of State and local needs, 

that it considers necessary; and 

(C) not expend funds to carry out a program if the recipient of funds who carried out such program during the preceding 2-year period fails to demonstrate, before the expiration of such 2-year period, that such program achieved 

substantial success in achieving the goals specified in the 

application submitted by such recipient to the State agency; 

ø(22) address juvenile delinquency prevention efforts and 

system improvement efforts designed to reduce, without establishing or requiring numerical standards or quotas, the disproportionate number of juvenile members of minority groups, 

who come into contact with the juvenile justice system;’’,¿ 

(23) provide that if a juvenile is taken into custody for violating a valid court order issued for committing a status offense— 

(A) an appropriate public agency shall be promptly notified that such øjuvenile¿ status offender is held in custody 

for violating such order; 

73 

(B) not later than 24 hours during which such øjuvenile¿ 

status offender is so held, an authorized representative of 

such agency shall interview, in person, such øjuvenile¿ status offender; øand¿ 

(C) not later than 48 hours during which such øjuvenile¿ 

status offender is so held— 

(i) such representative shall submit an assessment 

to the court that issued such order, regarding the immediate needs of such øjuvenile¿ status offender; 

øand¿ 

(ii) such court shall conduct a hearing to determine— 

(I) whether there is reasonable cause to believe 

that such øjuvenile¿ status offender violated such 

order; and 

(II) the appropriate placement of such øjuvenile¿ status offender pending disposition of the 

violation alleged; and 

(iii) if such court determines the status offender 

should be placed in a secure detention facility or correctional facility for violating such order— 

(I) the court shall issue a written order that— 

(aa) identifies the valid court order that has 

been violated; 

(bb) specifies the factual basis for determining that there is reasonable cause to believe that the status offender has violated such 

order; 

(cc) includes findings of fact to support a determination that there is no appropriate less 

restrictive alternative available to placing the 

status offender in such a facility, with due 

consideration to the best interest of the juvenile; 

(dd) specifies the length of time, not to exceed 7 days, that the status offender may remain in a secure detention facility or correctional facility, and includes a plan for the status offender’s release from such facility; and 

(ee) may not be renewed or extended; and 

(II) the court may not issue a second or subsequent order described in subclause (I) relating to a 

status offender unless the status offender violates a 

valid court order after the date on which the court 

issues an order described in subclause (I); 

(D) there are procedures in place to ensure that any status offender held in a secure detention facility or correctional facility pursuant to a court order described in this 

paragraph does not remain in custody longer than 7 days 

or the length of time authorized by the court, whichever is 

shorter; and 

(E) not later than September 30, 2020 (with a 1-year extension for each additional fiscal year that a State can 

demonstrate hardship, as determined by the State, and 

submits in writing evidence of such hardship to the AdminVerDate Sep 11 2014 05:43 May 06, 2017 Jkt 069006 PO 00000 Frm 00073 Fmt 6659 Sfmt 6603 E:\HR\OC\HR111.XXX HR111
74 

istrator which shall be considered approved unless the Administrator justifies to the State in writing that the hardship does not qualify for an exemption), the State will 

eliminate the use of valid court orders to provide secure 

confinement of status offenders, except that juveniles may 

be held in secure confinement in accordance with the Interstate Compact for Juveniles if the judge issues a written 

order that— 

(i) specifies the factual basis to believe that the State 

has the authority to detain the juvenile under the terms 

of the Interstate Compact for Juveniles; 

(ii) includes findings of fact to support a determination that there is no appropriate less restrictive alternative available to placing the juvenile in such a facility, with due consideration to the best interest of the juvenile; 

(iii) specifies the length of time a juvenile may remain in secure confinement, not to exceed 15 days, and 

includes a plan for the return of the juvenile to the 

home State of the juvenile; and 

(iv) may not be renewed or extended; 

(24) provide an assurance that if the State receives under 

section 222 for any fiscal year an amount that exceeds 105 percent of the amount the State received under such section for 

fiscal year 2000, all of such excess shall be expended through 

or for programs that are part of a comprehensive and coordinated community system of services; 

(25) specify a percentage (if any), not to exceed 5 percent, of 

funds received by the State under section 222 (other than 

funds made available to the State advisory group under section 

222(d)) that the State will reserve for expenditure by the State 

to provide incentive grants to units of general local government 

that reduce the caseload of probation officers within such 

units; 

(26) provide that the State, to the maximum extent practicable, and in accordance with confidentiality concerns, will 

implement a system to ensure that if a juvenile is before a 

court in the juvenile justice system, public child welfare 

records (including child protective services records) relating to 

such juvenile that are on file in the geographical area under 

the jurisdiction of such court will be made known to such 

courtø;¿ , so as to provide for— 

(A) data in child abuse or neglect reports relating to juveniles entering the juvenile justice system with a prior reported history of arrest, court intake, probation and parole, 

juvenile detention, and corrections; and 

(B) a plan to use the data described in subparagraph (A) 

to provide necessary services for the treatment of such victims of child abuse or neglect; 

ø(27) establish policies and systems to incorporate relevant 

child protective services records into juvenile justice records for 

purposes of establishing and implementing treatment plans for 

juvenile offenders; and¿ 

ø(28)¿ (27) provide assurances that juvenile offenders whose 

placement is funded through section 472 of the Social Security 

75 

Act (42 U.S.C. 672) receive the protections specified in section 

471 of such Act (42 U.S.C. 671), including a case plan and case 

plan review as defined in section 475 of such Act (42 U.S.C. 

675)ø.¿; 

(28) provide for the coordinated use of funds provided under 

this title with other Federal and State funds directed at juvenile delinquency prevention and intervention programs; 

(29) describe the policies, procedures, and training in effect 

for the staff of juvenile State correctional facilities to eliminate 

the use of dangerous practices, unreasonable restraints, and unreasonable isolation, including by developing effective behavior 

management techniques; 

(30) describe— 

(A) the evidence-based methods that will be used to conduct mental health and substance abuse screening, assessment, referral, and treatment for juveniles who— 

(i) request a screening; 

(ii) show signs of needing a screening; or 

(iii) are held for a period of more than 24 hours in 

a secure facility that provides for an initial screening; 

and 

(B) how the State will seek, to the extent practicable, to 

provide or arrange for mental health and substance abuse 

disorder treatment for juveniles determined to be in need of 

such treatment; 

(31) describe how reentry planning by the State for juveniles 

will include— 

(A) a written case plan based on an assessment of needs 

that includes— 

(i) the pre-release and post-release plans for the juveniles; 

(ii) the living arrangement to which the juveniles are 

to be discharged; and 

(iii) any other plans developed for the juveniles based 

on an individualized assessment; and 

(B) review processes; 

(32) provide an assurance that the agency of the State receiving funds under this title collaborates with the State educational agency receiving assistance under part A of title I of 

the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (20 

U.S.C. 6311 et seq.) to develop and implement a plan to ensure 

that, in order to support educational progress— 

(A) the student records of adjudicated juveniles, including electronic records if available, are transferred in a timely manner from the educational program in the juvenile detention or secure treatment facility to the educational or 

training program into which the juveniles will enroll; 

(B) the credits of adjudicated juveniles are transferred; 

and 

(C) adjudicated juveniles receive full or partial credit toward high school graduation for secondary school 

coursework satisfactorily completed before and during the 

period of time during which the juveniles are held in custody, regardless of the local educational agency or entity 

from which the credits were earned; and 

76 

(33) describe policies and procedures to— 

(A) screen for, identify, and document in records of the 

State the identification of victims of domestic human trafficking, or those at risk of such trafficking, upon intake; 

and 

(B) divert youth described in subparagraph (A) to appropriate programs or services, to the extent practicable. 

(b) The State agency designated under subsection (a)(1), after receiving and considering the advice and recommendations of the advisory group referred to in subsection (a), shall approve the State 

plan and any modification thereof prior to submission to the Administrator. 

ø(c) If a State fails to comply with any of the applicable requirements of paragraphs (11), (12), (13), and (22) of subsection (a) in 

any fiscal year beginning after September 30, 2001, then— 

ø(1) subject to paragraph (2), the amount allocated to such 

State under section 222 for the subsequent fiscal year shall be 

reduced by not less than 20 percent for each such paragraph 

with respect to which the failure occurs, and 

ø(2) the State shall be ineligible to receive any allocation 

under such section for such fiscal year unless— 

ø(A) the State agrees to expend 50 percent of the 

amount allocated to the State for such fiscal year to 

achieve compliance with any such paragraph with respect 

to which the State is in noncompliance; or 

ø(B) the Administrator determines that the State— 

ø(i) has achieved substantial compliance with such 

applicable requirements with respect to which the 

State was not in compliance; and 

ø(ii) has made, through appropriate executive or legislative action, an unequivocal commitment to achieving full compliance with such applicable requirements 

within a reasonable time.¿ 

(c)(1) If a State fails to comply with any of the core requirements 

in any fiscal year, then— 

(A) subject to subparagraph (B), the amount allocated to such 

State under section 222 for the subsequent fiscal year shall be 

reduced by not less than 20 percent for each core requirement 

with respect to which the failure occurs; and 

(B) the State shall be ineligible to receive any allocation 

under such section for such fiscal year unless— 

(i) the State agrees to expend 50 percent of the amount 

allocated to the State for such fiscal year to achieve compliance with any such core requirement with respect to which 

the State is in noncompliance; or 

(ii) the Administrator determines that the State— 

(I) has achieved substantial compliance with such 

applicable requirements with respect to which the State 

was not in compliance; and 

(II) has made, through appropriate executive or legislative action, an unequivocal commitment to achieving 

full compliance with such applicable requirements 

within a reasonable time. 

(2) Of the total amount of funds not allocated for a fiscal year 

under paragraph (1)— 

77 

(A) 50 percent of the unallocated funds shall be reallocated 

under section 222 to States that have not failed to comply with 

the core requirements; and 

(B) 50 percent of the unallocated funds shall be used by the 

Administrator to provide additional training and technical assistance to States for the purpose of promoting compliance with 

the core requirements. 

(d) In the event that any State chooses not to submit a plan, fails 

to submit a plan, or submits a plan or any modification thereof, 

which the Administrator, after reasonable notice and opportunity 

for hearing, in accordance with sections 802, 803, and 804 of title 

I of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968, determines does not meet the requirements of this section, the Administrator shall endeavor to make that State’s allocation under 

the provisions of section 222(a), excluding funds the Administrator 

shall make available to satisfy the requirement specified in section 

222(d), available to local public and private non-profit agencies 

within such State for use in carrying out activities of the kinds ødescribed in paragraphs (11), (12), (13), and (22) of subsection (a)¿ described in the core requirements. The Administrator shall make 

funds which remain available after disbursements are made by the 

Administrator under the preceding sentence, and any other unobligated funds, available on an equitable basis to those States that 

have achieved full compliance with øthe requirements under paragraphs (11), (12), (13), and (22) of subsection (a)¿ the core requirements. (e) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Administrator shall establish appropriate administrative and supervisory 

board membership requirements for a State agency designated 

under subsection (a)(1) and permit the State advisory group appointed under subsection (a)(3) to operate as the supervisory board 

for such agency, at the discretion of the chief executive officer of 

the State. 

(f) TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE.— 

(1) IN GENERAL.—The Administrator shall provide technical 

and financial assistance to an eligible organization composed of 

member representatives of the State advisory groups appointed 

under subsection (a)(3) to assist such organization to carry out 

the functions specified in paragraph (2). 

(2) ASSISTANCE.—To be eligible to receive such assistance, 

such organization shall agree to carry out activities that include— 

ø(A) conducting an annual conference of such member 

representatives for purposes relating to the activities of 

such State advisory groups;¿ 

ø(B)¿ (A) disseminating information, data, standards, 

advanced techniques, and program models; 

ø(C)¿ (B) reviewing Federal policies regarding juvenile 

justice and delinquency prevention; 

ø(D)¿ (C) advising the Administrator with respect to particular functions or aspects of the work of the Office; and 

ø(E)¿ (D) advising the President and Congress with regard to State perspectives on the operation of the Office 

and Federal legislation pertaining to juvenile justice and 

delinquency prevention. 

78 

(g) COMPLIANCE DETERMINATION.— (1) IN GENERAL.—For each fiscal year, the Administrator 

shall make a determination regarding whether each State receiving a grant under this title is in compliance or out of compliance with respect to each of the core requirements. 

(2) REPORTING.—The Administrator shall— 

(A) issue an annual public report— 

(i) describing any determination described in paragraph (1) made during the previous year, including a 

summary of the information on which the determination is based and the actions to be taken by the Administrator (including a description of any reduction imposed under subsection (c)); and 

(ii) for any such determination that a State is out of 

compliance with any of the core requirements, describing the basis for the determination; and 

(B) make the report described in subparagraph (A) available on a publicly available website. 

(3) DETERMINATIONS REQUIRED.—The Administrator may 

not— 

(A) determine that a State is ‘‘not out of compliance’’, or 

issue any other determination not described in paragraph 

(1), with respect to any core requirement; or 

(B) otherwise fail to make the compliance determinations 

required under paragraph (1). 

øPART C—JUVENILE DELINQUENCY 

PREVENTION BLOCK GRANT PROGRAM 

øSEC. 241. AUTHORITY TO MAKE GRANTS. 

ø(a) GRANTS TO ELIGIBLE STATES.—The Administrator may make 

grants to eligible States, from funds allocated under section 242, 

for the purpose of providing financial assistance to eligible entities 

to carry out projects designed to prevent juvenile delinquency, including— 

ø(1) projects that provide treatment (including treatment for 

mental health problems) to juvenile offenders, and juveniles 

who are at risk of becoming juvenile offenders, who are victims 

of child abuse or neglect or who have experienced violence in 

their homes, at school, or in the community, and to their families, in order to reduce the likelihood that such juveniles will 

commit violations of law; 

ø(2) educational projects or supportive services for delinquent or other juveniles— 

ø(A) to encourage juveniles to remain in elementary and 

secondary schools or in alternative learning situations in 

educational settings; 

ø(B) to provide services to assist juveniles in making the 

transition to the world of work and self-sufficiency; 

ø(C) to assist in identifying learning difficulties (including learning disabilities); 

ø(D) to prevent unwarranted and arbitrary suspensions 

and expulsions; 

ø(E) to encourage new approaches and techniques with 

respect to the prevention of school violence and vandalism; 

79 

ø(F) which assist law enforcement personnel and juvenile justice personnel to more effectively recognize and provide for learning-disabled and other juveniles with disabilities; 

ø(G) which develop locally coordinated policies and programs among education, juvenile justice, and social service 

agencies; or 

ø(H) to provide services to juveniles with serious mental 

and emotional disturbances (SED) in need of mental 

health services; 

ø(3) projects which expand the use of probation officers— 

ø(A) particularly for the purpose of permitting nonviolent juvenile offenders (including status offenders) to remain at home with their families as an alternative to incarceration or institutionalization; and 

ø(B) to ensure that juveniles follow the terms of their 

probation; 

ø(4) counseling, training, and mentoring programs, which 

may be in support of academic tutoring, vocational and technical training, and drug and violence prevention counseling, 

that are designed to link at-risk juveniles, juvenile offenders, 

or juveniles who have a parent or legal guardian who is or was 

incarcerated in a Federal, State, or local correctional facility or 

who is otherwise under the jurisdiction of a Federal, State, or 

local criminal justice system, particularly juveniles residing in 

low-income and high-crime areas and juveniles experiencing 

educational failure, with responsible individuals (such as law 

enforcement officers, Department of Defense personnel, individuals working with local businesses, and individuals working 

with community-based and faith-based organizations and agencies) who are properly screened and trained; 

ø(5) community-based projects and services (including literacy and social service programs) which work with juvenile offenders and juveniles who are at risk of becoming juvenile offenders, including those from families with limited Englishspeaking proficiency, their parents, their siblings, and other 

family members during and after incarceration of the juvenile 

offenders, in order to strengthen families, to allow juvenile offenders to be retained in their homes, and to prevent the involvement of other juvenile family members in delinquent activities; 

ø(6) projects designed to provide for the treatment (including 

mental health services) of juveniles for dependence on or abuse 

of alcohol, drugs, or other harmful substances; 

ø(7) projects which leverage funds to provide scholarships for 

postsecondary education and training for low-income juveniles 

who reside in neighborhoods with high rates of poverty, violence, and drug-related crimes; 

ø(8) projects which provide for an initial intake screening of 

each juvenile taken into custody— 

ø(A) to determine the likelihood that such juvenile will 

commit a subsequent offense; and 

ø(B) to provide appropriate interventions (including 

mental health services) to prevent such juvenile from committing subsequent offenses; 

80 

ø(9) projects (including school- or community-based projects) 

that are designed to prevent, and reduce the rate of, the participation of juveniles in gangs that commit crimes (particularly violent crimes), that unlawfully use firearms and other 

weapons, or that unlawfully traffic in drugs and that involve, 

to the extent practicable, families and other community members (including law enforcement personnel and members of the 

business community) in the activities conducted under such 

projects; 

ø(10) comprehensive juvenile justice and delinquency prevention projects that meet the needs of juveniles through the collaboration of the many local service systems juveniles encounter, including schools, courts, law enforcement agencies, child 

protection agencies, mental health agencies, welfare services, 

health care agencies (including collaboration on appropriate 

prenatal care for pregnant juvenile offenders), private nonprofit agencies, and public recreation agencies offering services 

to juveniles; 

ø(11) to develop, implement, and support, in conjunction 

with public and private agencies, organizations, and businesses, projects for the employment of juveniles and referral to 

job training programs (including referral to Federal job training programs); 

ø(12) delinquency prevention activities which involve youth 

clubs, sports, recreation and parks, peer counseling and teaching, the arts, leadership development, community service, volunteer service, before- and after-school programs, violence prevention activities, mediation skills training, camping, environmental education, ethnic or cultural enrichment, tutoring, and 

academic enrichment; 

ø(13) to establish policies and systems to incorporate relevant child protective services records into juvenile justice 

records for purposes of establishing treatment plans for juvenile offenders; 

ø(14) programs that encourage social competencies, problemsolving skills, and communication skills, youth leadership, and 

civic involvement; 

ø(15) programs that focus on the needs of young girls at-risk 

of delinquency or status offenses; 

ø(16) projects which provide for— 

ø(A) an assessment by a qualified mental health professional of incarcerated juveniles who are suspected to be in 

need of mental health services; 

ø(B) the development of an individualized treatment 

plan for those incarcerated juveniles determined to be in 

need of such services; 

ø(C) the inclusion of a discharge plan for incarcerated juveniles receiving mental health services that addresses 

aftercare services; and 

ø(D) all juveniles receiving psychotropic medications to 

be under the care of a licensed mental health professional; 

ø(17) after-school programs that provide at-risk juveniles and 

juveniles in the juvenile justice system with a range of age-appropriate activities, including tutoring, mentoring, and other 

educational and enrichment activities; 

81 

ø(18) programs related to the establishment and maintenance of a school violence hotline, based on a public-private 

partnership, that students and parents can use to report suspicious, violent, or threatening behavior to local school and law 

enforcement authorities; 

ø(19) programs (excluding programs to purchase guns from 

juveniles) designed to reduce the unlawful acquisition and illegal use of guns by juveniles, including partnerships between 

law enforcement agencies, health professionals, school officials, 

firearms manufacturers, consumer groups, faith-based groups 

and community organizations; 

ø(20) programs designed to prevent animal cruelty by juveniles and to counsel juveniles who commit animal cruelty offenses, including partnerships among law enforcement agencies, animal control officers, social services agencies, and school 

officials; 

ø(21) programs that provide suicide prevention services for 

incarcerated juveniles and for juveniles leaving the incarceration system; 

ø(22) programs to establish partnerships between State educational agencies and local educational agencies for the design 

and implementation of character education and training programs that reflect the values of parents, teachers, and local 

communities, and incorporate elements of good character, including honesty, citizenship, courage, justice, respect, personal 

responsibility, and trustworthiness; 

ø(23) programs that foster strong character development in 

at-risk juveniles and juveniles in the juvenile justice system; 

ø(24) local programs that provide for immediate psychological evaluation and follow-up treatment (including evaluation and treatment during a mandatory holding period for not 

less than 24 hours) for juveniles who bring a gun on school 

grounds without permission from appropriate school authorities; and 

ø(25) other activities that are likely to prevent juvenile delinquency. 

ø(b) GRANTS TO ELIGIBLE INDIAN TRIBES.—The Administrator 

may make grants to eligible Indian tribes from funds allocated 

under section 242(b), to carry out projects of the kinds described in 

subsection (a). 

øSEC. 242. ALLOCATION. 

ø(a) ALLOCATION AMONG ELIGIBLE STATES.—Subject to subsection (b), funds appropriated to carry out this part shall be allocated among eligible States proportionately based on the population that is less than 18 years of age in the eligible States. 

ø(b) ALLOCATION AMONG INDIAN TRIBES COLLECTIVELY.—Before 

allocating funds under subsection (a) among eligible States, the Administrator shall allocate among eligible Indian tribes as determined under section 246(a), an aggregate amount equal to the 

amount such tribes would be allocated under subsection (a), and 

without regard to this subsection, if such tribes were treated collectively as an eligible State. 

82 

øSEC. 243. ELIGIBILITY OF STATES. 

ø(a) APPLICATION.—To be eligible to receive a grant under section 

241, a State shall submit to the Administrator an application that 

contains the following: 

ø(1) An assurance that the State will use— 

ø(A) not more than 5 percent of such grant, in the aggregate, for— 

ø(i) the costs incurred by the State to carry out this 

part; and 

ø(ii) to evaluate, and provide technical assistance relating to, projects and activities carried out with funds 

provided under this part; and 

ø(B) the remainder of such grant to make grants under 

section 244. 

ø(2) An assurance that, and a detailed description of how, 

such grant will supplement, and not supplant State and local 

efforts to prevent juvenile delinquency. 

ø(3) An assurance that such application was prepared after 

consultation with and participation by the State advisory 

group, community-based organizations, and organizations in 

the local juvenile justice system, that carry out programs, 

projects, or activities to prevent juvenile delinquency. 

ø(4) An assurance that the State advisory group will be afforded the opportunity to review and comment on all grant applications submitted to the State agency. 

ø(5) An assurance that each eligible entity described in section 244 that receives an initial grant under section 244 to 

carry out a project or activity shall also receive an assurance 

from the State that such entity will receive from the State, for 

the subsequent fiscal year to carry out such project or activity, 

a grant under such section in an amount that is proportional, 

based on such initial grant and on the amount of the grant received under section 241 by the State for such subsequent fiscal year, but that does not exceed the amount specified for 

such subsequent fiscal year in such application as approved by 

the State. 

ø(6) Such other information and assurances as the Administrator may reasonably require by rule. 

ø(b) APPROVAL OF APPLICATIONS.— 

ø(1) APPROVAL REQUIRED.—Subject to paragraph (2), the Administrator shall approve an application, and amendments to 

such application submitted in subsequent fiscal years, that satisfy the requirements of subsection (a). 

ø(2) LIMITATION.—The Administrator may not approve such 

application (including amendments to such application) for a 

fiscal year unless— 

ø(A)(i) the State submitted a plan under section 223 for 

such fiscal year; and 

ø(ii) such plan is approved by the Administrator for such 

fiscal year; or 

ø(B) the Administrator waives the application of subparagraph (A) to such State for such fiscal year, after finding good cause for such a waiver. 

83 

øSEC. 244. GRANTS FOR LOCAL PROJECTS. 

ø(a) GRANTS BY STATES.—Using a grant received under section 

241, a State may make grants to eligible entities whose applications are received by the State, and reviewed by the State advisory 

group, to carry out projects and activities described in section 241. 

ø(b) SPECIAL CONSIDERATION.—For purposes of making grants 

under subsection (a), the State shall give special consideration to 

eligible entities that— 

ø(1) propose to carry out such projects in geographical areas 

in which there is— 

ø(A) a disproportionately high level of serious crime committed by juveniles; or 

ø(B) a recent rapid increase in the number of nonstatus 

offenses committed by juveniles; 

ø(2)(A) agreed to carry out such projects or activities that are 

multidisciplinary and involve more than 2 private nonprofit 

agencies, organizations, and institutions that have experience 

dealing with juveniles; or 

ø(B) represent communities that have a comprehensive plan 

designed to identify at-risk juveniles and to prevent or reduce 

the rate of juvenile delinquency, and that involve other entities 

operated by individuals who have a demonstrated history of involvement in activities designed to prevent juvenile delinquency; and 

ø(3) the amount of resources (in cash or in kind) such entities will provide to carry out such projects and activities. 

øSEC. 245. ELIGIBILITY OF ENTITIES. 

ø(a) ELIGIBILITY.—Except as provided in subsection (b), to be eligible to receive a grant under section 244, a unit of general purpose 

local government, acting jointly with not fewer than 2 private nonprofit agencies, organizations, and institutions that have experience dealing with juveniles, shall submit to the State an application that contains the following: 

ø(1) An assurance that such applicant will use such grant, 

and each such grant received for the subsequent fiscal year, to 

carry out throughout a 2-year period a project or activity described in reasonable detail, and of a kind described in one or 

more of paragraphs (1) through (25) of section 241(a) as specified in, such application. 

ø(2) A statement of the particular goals such project or activity is designed to achieve, and the methods such entity will use 

to achieve, and assess the achievement of, each of such goals. 

ø(3) A statement identifying the research (if any) such entity 

relied on in preparing such application. 

ø(b) LIMITATION.—If an eligible entity that receives a grant 

under section 244 to carry out a project or activity for a 2-year period, and receives technical assistance from the State or the Administrator after requesting such technical assistance (if any), fails 

to demonstrate, before the expiration of such 2-year period, that 

such project or such activity has achieved substantial success in 

achieving the goals specified in the application submitted by such 

entity to receive such grants, then such entity shall not be eligible 

to receive any subsequent grant under such section to continue to 

carry out such project or activity. 

84 

øSEC. 246. GRANTS TO INDIAN TRIBES. 

ø(a) ELIGIBILITY.— 

ø(1) APPLICATION.—To be eligible to receive a grant under 

section 241(b), an Indian tribe shall submit to the Administrator an application in accordance with this section, in such 

form and containing such information as the Administrator 

may require by rule. 

ø(2) PLANS.—Such application shall include a plan for conducting programs, projects, and activities described in section 

241(a), which plan shall— 

ø(A) provide evidence that the applicant Indian tribe 

performs law enforcement functions (as determined by the 

Secretary of the Interior); 

ø(B) identify the juvenile justice and delinquency problems and juvenile delinquency prevention needs to be addressed by activities conducted with funds provided by the 

grant for which such application is submitted, by the Indian tribe in the geographical area under the jurisdiction 

of the Indian tribe; 

ø(C) provide for fiscal control and accounting procedures 

that— 

ø(i) are necessary to ensure the prudent use, proper 

disbursement, and accounting of grants received by 

applicants under this section; and 

ø(ii) are consistent with the requirement specified in 

subparagraph (B); and 

ø(D) comply with the requirements specified in section 

223(a) (excluding any requirement relating to consultation 

with a State advisory group) and with the requirements 

specified in section 222(c); and 

ø(E) contain such other information, and be subject to 

such additional requirements, as the Administrator may 

reasonably require by rule to ensure the effectiveness of 

the projects for which grants are made under section 

241(b). 

ø(b) FACTORS FOR CONSIDERATION.—For the purpose of selecting 

eligible applicants to receive grants under section 241(b), the Administrator shall consider— 

ø(1) the resources that are available to each applicant Indian 

tribe that will assist, and be coordinated with, the overall juvenile justice system of the Indian tribe; and 

ø(2) with respect to each such applicant— 

ø(A) the juvenile population; and 

ø(B) the population and the entities that will be served 

by projects proposed to be carried out with the grant for 

which the application is submitted. 

ø(c) GRANT PROCESS.— 

ø(1) SELECTION OF GRANT RECIPIENTS.— 

ø(A) SELECTION REQUIREMENTS.—Except as provided in 

paragraph (2), the Administrator shall— 

ø(i) make grants under this section on a competitive 

basis; and 

ø(ii) specify in writing to each applicant selected to 

receive a grant under this section, the terms and conditions on which such grant is made to such applicant. 

85 

ø(B) PERIOD OF GRANT.—A grant made under this section shall be available for expenditure during a 2–year period. 

ø(2) EXCEPTION.—If— 

ø(A) in the 2-year period for which a grant made under 

this section shall be expended, the recipient of such grant 

applies to receive a subsequent grant under this section; 

and 

ø(B) the Administrator determines that such recipient 

performed during the year preceding the 2–year period for 

which such recipient applies to receive such subsequent 

grant satisfactorily and in accordance with the terms and 

conditions applicable to the grant received; 

then the Administrator may waive the application of the competition-based requirement specified in paragraph (1)(A)(i) and 

may allow the applicant to incorporate by reference in the current application the text of the plan contained in the recipient’s 

most recent application previously approved under this section. 

ø(3) AUTHORITY TO MODIFY APPLICATION PROCESS FOR SUBSEQUENT GRANTS.—The Administrator may modify by rule the 

operation of subsection (a) with respect to the submission and 

contents of applications for subsequent grants described in 

paragraph (2). 

ø(d) REPORTING REQUIREMENT.—Each Indian tribe that receives 

a grant under this section shall be subject to the fiscal accountability provisions of section 5(f)(1) of the Indian Self-Determination 

and Education Assistance Act (25 U.S.C. 450c(f)(1)), relating to the 

submission of a single-agency audit report required by chapter 75 

of title 31, United States Code. 

ø(e) MATCHING REQUIREMENT.—(1) Funds appropriated for the 

activities of any agency of an Indian tribal government or the Bureau of Indian Affairs performing law enforcement functions on any 

Indian lands may be used to provide the non-Federal share of any 

program or project with a matching requirement funded under this 

section. 

ø(2) Paragraph (1) shall not apply with respect to funds appropriated before the date of the enactment of the Juvenile Justice 

and Delinquency Prevention Act of 2002. 

ø(3) If the Administrator determines that an Indian tribe does 

not have sufficient funds available to meet the non-Federal share 

of the cost of any program or activity to be funded under the grant, 

the Administrator may increase the Federal share of the cost thereof to the extent the Administrator deems necessary.¿ 

PART D—RESEARCH; EVALUATION; 

TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE; TRAINING 

SEC. 251. RESEARCH AND EVALUATION; STATISTICAL ANALYSES; INFORMATION DISSEMINATION. 

(a) RESEARCH AND EVALUATION.—(1) The Administrator ømay¿ 

shall— 

(A) øplan and identify¿ annually publish a plan to identify 

the purposes and goals of all agreements carried out with 

funds provided under this subsection; and 

86 

(B) conduct research or evaluation in juvenile justice matters, for the purpose of providing research and evaluation relating to— 

(i) the prevention, reduction, and control of juvenile delinquency and serious crime committed by juveniles; 

(ii) the link between juvenile delinquency and the incarceration of members of the families of juveniles; 

ø(iii) successful efforts to prevent first-time minor offenders from committing subsequent involvement in serious crime;¿ 

(iii) successful efforts to prevent status offenders and 

first-time minor offenders from subsequent involvement 

with the juvenile justice and criminal justice systems; 

(iv) successful efforts to prevent recidivism; 

(v) the juvenile justice system; 

(vi) juvenile violence; 

ø(vii) appropriate mental health services for juveniles 

and youth at risk of participating in delinquent activities;¿ 

(vii) the prevalence and duration of behavioral health 

needs (including mental health, substance abuse, and co-occurring disorders) among juveniles pre-placement and postplacement in the juvenile justice system, including an examination of the effects of secure confinement; 

(viii) reducing the proportion of juveniles detained or 

confined in secure detention facilities, secure correctional 

facilities, jails, and lockups who are members of minority 

groups; 

(ix) training efforts and reforms that have produced reductions in or elimination of the use of dangerous practices; 

(x) methods to improve the recruitment, selection, training, and retention of professional personnel who are focused 

on the prevention, identification, and treatment of delinquency; 

(xi) methods to improve the identification and response to 

victims of domestic child sex trafficking within the juvenile 

justice system; 

(xii) identifying positive outcome measures, such as attainment of employment and educational degrees, that 

States and units of local government should use to evaluate 

the success of programs aimed at reducing recidivism of 

youth who have come in contact with the juvenile justice 

system or criminal justice system; 

(xiii) evaluating the impact and outcomes of the prosecution and sentencing of juveniles as adults; 

(xiv) evaluating the impact of fines, fees, and other costs 

assessed by the juvenile justice system on the long-term disposition of status offenders and other juveniles; 

(xv) successful and cost-effective efforts by States and 

units of local government to reduce recidivism through policies that provide for consideration of appropriate alternative sanctions to incarceration of youth facing nonviolent 

charges, while ensuring that public safety is preserved; 

ø(ix)¿ (xvi) evaluating services, treatment, and aftercare 

placement of juveniles who were under the care of the 

87 

State child protection system before their placement in the 

juvenile justice system; 

ø(x)¿ (xvii) determining— 

(I) the frequency, seriousness, and incidence of drug 

use by youth in schools and communities in the States 

using, if appropriate, data submitted by the States 

pursuant to this subparagraph and subsection (b); and 

(II) the frequency, degree of harm, and morbidity of 

violent incidents, particularly firearm-related injuries 

and fatalities, by youth in schools and communities in 

the States, including information with respect to— 

(aa) the relationship between victims and perpetrators; 

(bb) demographic characteristics of victims and 

perpetrators; and 

(cc) the type of weapons used in incidents, as 

classified in the Uniform Crime Reports of the 

Federal Bureau of Investigation; and 

ø(xi)¿ (xviii) other purposes consistent with the purposes 

of this title and title I. 

(2) The Administrator shall ensure that an equitable amount of 

funds available to carry out paragraph (1)(B) is used for research 

and evaluation relating to the prevention of juvenile delinquency. 

(3) Nothing in this subsection shall be construed to permit the 

development of a national database of personally identifiable information on individuals involved in studies, or in data-collection efforts, carried out under paragraph (1)(B)(x). 

(4) Not later than 1 year after the ødate of enactment of this 

paragraph, the¿ date of enactment of the Juvenile Justice Reform 

Act of 2017, the Administrator shall conduct a study with respect 

to juveniles who, prior to placement in the juvenile justice system, 

were under the care or custody of the State child welfare system, 

and to juveniles who are unable to return to their family after completing their disposition in the juvenile justice system and who remain wards of the State in accordance with relevant confidentiality 

requirements. Such study shall include— 

(A) the number of juveniles in each category; 

(B) the extent to which State juvenile justice systems and 

child welfare systems are coordinating services and treatment 

for such juveniles; 

(C) the Federal and local sources of funds used for placements and post-placement services; 

(D) barriers faced by State and Indian tribes in providing 

services to these juveniles; 

(E) the types of post-placement services used; 

(F) the frequency of case plans and case plan reviews; øand¿ 

(G) the extent to which case plans identify and address permanency and placement barriers and treatment plansø.¿; 

(H) a description of the best practices in discharge planning; 

and 

(I) an assessment of living arrangements for juveniles who, 

upon release from confinement in a State correctional facility, 

cannot return to the residence they occupied prior to such confinement. 

(b) STATISTICAL ANALYSES.—The Administrator ømay¿ shall— 

88 

(1) plan and identify the purposes and goals of all agreements carried out with funds provided under this subsection; 

and 

(2) undertake statistical work in juvenile justice matters, for 

the purpose of providing for the collection, analysis, and dissemination of statistical data and information relating to juvenile delinquency and serious crimes committed by juveniles, to 

the juvenile justice system, to juvenile violence, and to other 

purposes consistent with the purposes of this title and title I. 

(c) GRANT AUTHORITY AND COMPETITIVE SELECTION PROCESS.— The Administrator may make grants and enter into contracts with 

public or private agencies, organizations, or individuals and shall 

use a competitive process, established by rule by the Administrator, to carry out subsections (a) and (b). 

(d) IMPLEMENTATION OF AGREEMENTS.—A Federal agency that 

makes an agreement under subsections (a)(1)(B) and (b)(2) with the 

Administrator may carry out such agreement directly or by making 

grants to or contracts with public and private agencies, institutions, and organizations. 

(e) INFORMATION DISSEMINATION.—The Administrator may— 

(1) review reports and data relating to the juvenile justice 

system in the United States and in foreign nations (as appropriate), collect data and information from studies and research 

into all aspects of juvenile delinquency (including the causes, 

prevention, and treatment of juvenile delinquency) and serious 

crimes committed by juveniles; 

(2) establish and operate, directly or by contract, a clearinghouse and information center for the preparation, publication, 

and dissemination of information relating to juvenile delinquency, including State and local prevention and treatment 

programs, plans, resources, and training and technical assistance programs; and 

(3) make grants and contracts with public and private agencies, institutions, and organizations, for the purpose of disseminating information to representatives and personnel of public 

and private agencies, including practitioners in juvenile justice, 

law enforcement, the courts, corrections, schools, and related 

services, in the establishment, implementation, and operation 

of projects and activities for which financial assistance is provided under this title. 

(f) NATIONAL RECIDIVISM MEASURE.—The Administrator, in accordance with applicable confidentiality requirements and in consultation with experts in the field of juvenile justice research, recidivism, and data collection, shall— 

(1) establish a uniform method of data collection and technology that States may use to evaluate data on juvenile recidivism on an annual basis; 

(2) establish a common national juvenile recidivism measurement system; and 

(3) make cumulative juvenile recidivism data that is collected 

from States available to the public. 

SEC. 252. TRAINING AND TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE. 

(a) TRAINING.—The Administrator ømay¿— 

(1) shall develop and carry out projects for the purpose of 

training representatives and personnel of public and private 

89 

agencies, including practitioners in juvenile justice, law enforcement, courts (including model juvenile and family courts), 

corrections, schools, and related services, to carry out the purposes specified in section 102; øand¿ 

(2) may make grants to and contracts with public and private agencies, institutions, and organizations for the purpose of 

training representatives and personnel of public and private 

agencies, including practitioners in juvenile justice, law enforcement, courts (including model juvenile and family courts), 

corrections, schools, and related services, to carry out the purposes specified in section 102ø.¿; and 

(3) shall provide periodic training for States regarding implementation of the core requirements, current protocols and best 

practices for achieving and monitoring compliance, and information sharing regarding relevant Office resources on evidencebased and promising programs or practices that promote the 

purposes of this Act. 

(b) TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE.—The Administrator ømay¿— 

(1) shall develop and implement projects for the purpose of 

providing technical assistance to representatives and personnel 

of public and private agencies and organizations, including 

practitioners in juvenile justice, law enforcement, courts (including model juvenile and family courts), corrections, schools, 

and related services, in the establishment, implementation, 

and operation of programs, projects, and activities for which financial assistance is provided under this title, including compliance with the core requirements; øand¿ 

(2) may make grants to and contracts with public and private agencies, institutions, and organizations, for the purpose 

of providing technical assistance to representatives and personnel of public and private agencies, including practitioners in 

juvenile justice, law enforcement, courts (including model juvenile and family courts), corrections, schools, and related services, in the establishment, implementation, and operation of 

programs, projects, and activities for which financial assistance 

is provided under this titleø.¿; 

(3) shall provide technical assistance to States and units of 

local government on achieving compliance with the amendments to the core requirements and State Plans made by the 

Juvenile Justice Reform Act of 2017, including training and 

technical assistance and, when appropriate, pilot or demonstration projects intended to develop and replicate best practices for 

achieving sight and sound separation in facilities or portions of 

facilities that are open and available to the general public and 

that may or may not contain a jail or a lock-up; and 

(4) shall provide technical assistance to States in support of 

efforts to establish partnerships between a State and a university, institution of higher education, or research center designed 

to improve the recruitment, selection, training, and retention of 

professional personnel in the fields of medicine, law enforcement, the judiciary, juvenile justice, social work and child protection, education, and other relevant fields who are engaged in, 

or intend to work in, the field of prevention, identification, and 

treatment of delinquency. 

90 

(c) TRAINING AND TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TO MENTAL HEALTH

PROFESSIONALS AND LAW ENFORCEMENT PERSONNEL.—The Administrator shall provide training and technical assistance to mental 

health professionals and law enforcement personnel (including public defenders, prosecutors, police officers, probation officers, judges, 

parole officials, and correctional officers) to address or to promote 

the development, testing, or demonstration of promising or innovative models (including model juvenile and family courts), programs, 

or delivery systems that address the needs of status offenders and 

juveniles who are alleged or adjudicated delinquent and who, as a 

result of such status, are placed in secure detention or confinement 

or in nonsecure residential placements. 

(d) BEST PRACTICES REGARDING LEGAL REPRESENTATION OF

CHILDREN.—In consultation with experts in the field of juvenile defense, the Administrator shall— 

(1) share best practices, which may include sharing standards of practice developed by recognized entities in the profession, for attorneys representing children; and 

(2) provide a State, if it so requests, technical assistance to 

implement any of the best practices shared under paragraph 

(1). 

(e) TRAINING AND TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE FOR LOCAL AND STATE

JUVENILE DETENTION AND CORRECTIONS PERSONNEL.—The Administrator shall coordinate training and technical assistance programs 

with juvenile detention and corrections personnel of States and 

units of local government— 

(1) to promote methods for improving conditions of juvenile 

confinement, including methods that are designed to minimize 

the use of dangerous practices, unreasonable restraints, and isolation and methods responsive to cultural differences; and 

(2) to encourage alternative behavior management techniques 

based on positive youth development approaches, which may include policies and procedures to train personnel to be culturally 

competent. 

(f) TRAINING AND TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TO SUPPORT MENTAL

HEALTH OR SUBSTANCE ABUSE TREATMENT INCLUDING HOME- BASED OR COMMUNITY-BASED CARE.—The Administrator shall provide training and technical assistance, in conjunction with the appropriate public agencies, to individuals involved in making decisions regarding the disposition and management of cases for youth 

who enter the juvenile justice system about the appropriate services 

and placement for youth with mental health or substance abuse 

needs, including— 

(1) juvenile justice intake personnel; 

(2) probation officers; 

(3) juvenile court judges and court services personnel; 

(4) prosecutors and court-appointed counsel; and 

(5) family members of juveniles and family advocates. 

(g) TRAINING AND TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TO SUPPORT JUVENILE

COURT JUDGES AND PERSONNEL.—The Attorney General, acting 

through the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention 

and the Office of Justice Programs, shall provide training and technical assistance, in conjunction with the appropriate public agencies, to enhance the capacity of State and local courts, judges, and 

related judicial personnel to— 

91 

(1) improve the lives of children currently involved in or at 

risk of being involved in the juvenile court system; and 

(2) carry out the requirements of this Act. 

(h) FREE AND REDUCED PRICE SCHOOL LUNCHES FOR INCARCER- ATED JUVENILES.—The Attorney General, in consultation with the 

Secretary of Agriculture, shall provide guidance to States relating 

to existing options for school food authorities in the States to apply 

for reimbursement for free or reduced price lunches under the Richard B. Russell National School Lunch Act (42 U.S.C. 1751 et seq.) 

for juveniles who are incarcerated and would, if not incarcerated, 

be eligible for free or reduced price lunches under that Act. 

* * * * * * * 

PART F—GENERAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE PROVISIONS

AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS

SEC. 299. (a) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS FOR TITLE II 

ø(EXCLUDING PARTS C AND E)¿.—ø(1) There are authorized to be 

appropriated to carry out this title such sums as may be appropriate for fiscal years 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, and 2007.¿ (1) There 

are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this title— 

(A) $76,125,000 for fiscal year 2018; 

(B) $76,125,000 for fiscal year 2019; 

(C) $77,266,875 for fiscal year 2020; 

(D) $78,425,878 for fiscal year 2021; and 

(E) $79,602,266 for fiscal year 2022. 

(2) Of such sums as are appropriated for a fiscal year to carry 

out this title ø(other than parts C and E)¿— 

(A) not more than 5 percent shall be available to carry out 

part A; 

(B) not less than 80 percent shall be available to carry out 

part B; and 

(C) not more than 15 percent shall be available to carry out 

øpart D¿ parts D and E. ø(b) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS FOR PART C.—There are 

authorized to be appropriated to carry out part C such sums as 

may be necessary for fiscal years 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, and 2007. 

ø(c) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS FOR PART E.—There are 

authorized to be appropriated to carry out part E, and authorized 

to remain available until expended, such sums as may be necessary 

for fiscal years 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, and 2007.¿ 

ø(d)¿ (b) No funds appropriated to carry out the purposes of this 

title may be used for any bio-medical or behavior control experimentation on individuals or any research involving such experimentation. For the purpose of this subsection, the term ‘‘behavior 

control’’ refers to experimentation or research employing methods 

which involve a substantial risk of physical or psychological harm 

to the individual subject and which are intended to modify or alter 

criminal and other anti-social behavior, including aversive conditioning therapy, drug therapy or chemotherapy (except as part of 

routine clinical care), physical therapy of mental disorders, 

electroconvulsive therapy, or physical punishment. The term does 

not apply to a limited class of programs generally recognized as involving no such risk, including methadone maintenance and certain 

92 

alcohol treatment programs, psychological counseling, parent training, behavior contracting, survival skills training, restitution, or 

community service, if safeguards are established for the informed 

consent of subjects (including parents or guardians of minors). 

ADMINISTRATIVE AUTHORITY

SEC. 299A. (a) The Office shall be administered by the Administrator under the general authority of the Attorney General. 

(b) Sections 809(c), 811(a), 811(b), 811(c), 812(a), 812(b), and 

812(d) of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968, 

as so designated by the operation of the amendments made by the 

Justice Assistance Act of 1984, shall apply with respect to the administration of and compliance with this Act, except that for purposes of this Act— 

(1) any reference to the Office of Justice Programs in such 

sections shall be deemed to be a reference to the Assistant Attorney General who heads the Office of Justice Programs; and 

(2) the term ‘‘this title’’ as it appears in such sections shall 

be deemed to be a reference to this Act. 

(c) Sections 801(a), 801(c), and 806 of the Omnibus Crime Control 

and Safe Streets Act of 1968, as so designated by the operation of 

the amendments made by the Justice Assistance Act of 1984, shall 

apply with respect to the administration of and compliance with 

this Act, except that for purposes of this Act— 

(1) any reference to the Attorney General, the Assistant Attorney General who heads the Office of Justice Programs, the 

Director of the National Institute of Justice, the Director of the 

Bureau of Justice Statistics, or the Director of the Bureau of 

Justice Assistance shall be deemed to be a reference to the Administrator; 

(2) any reference to the Office of Justice Programs, the Bureau of Justice Assistance, the National Institute of Justice, or 

the Bureau of Justice Statistics shall be deemed to be a reference to the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention; and 

(3) the term ‘‘this title’’ as it appears in such sections shall 

be deemed to be a reference to this Act. 

(d) (1) The Administrator is authorizedø, after appropriate consultation with representatives of States and units of local government,¿ to establish such rules, regulations, guidance, and procedures as are necessary for the exercise of the functions of the Office 

and only to the extent necessary to ensure that there is compliance 

with the specific requirements of this title or to respond to requests 

for clarification and guidance relating to such compliance. In developing guidance and procedures, the Administrator shall consult 

with representatives of States and units of local government, including those individuals responsible for administration of this Act and 

compliance with the core requirements. 

(2) The Administrator shall ensure that— 

(A) reporting, compliance reporting, State plan requirements, 

and other similar documentation as may be required from 

States is requested in a manner that respects confidentiality, 

encourages efficiency and reduces the duplication of reporting 

efforts; and 

93 

(B) States meeting all the core requirements are encouraged 

to experiment with offering innovative, data-driven programs 

designed to further improve the juvenile justice system. 

(e) If a State requires by law compliance with the ørequirements 

described in paragraphs (11), (12), and (13) of section 223(a)¿ core 

requirements, then for the period such law is in effect in such State 

such State shall be rebuttably presumed to satisfy such requirements. 

TITLE III—RUNAWAY AND HOMELESS YOUTH 

* * * * * * * 

PART F—GENERAL PROVISIONS

* * * * * * * 

SEC. 388. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS. 

(a) IN GENERAL.— 

(1) AUTHORIZATION.—There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this title (other than section 345 and part 

E) $ø140,000,000 for fiscal year 2009, and such sums as may 

be necessary for fiscal years 2010, 2011, 2012, and 2013¿ 

101,980,000 for each of the fiscal years 2018 through 2022. 

(2) ALLOCATION.— 

(A) PARTS A AND B.—From the amount appropriated 

under paragraph (1) for a fiscal year, the Secretary shall 

reserve not less than 90 percent to carry out parts A and 

B. 

(B) PART B.—Of the amount reserved under subparagraph (A), 45 percent and, in those fiscal years in which 

continuation grant obligations and the quality and number 

of applicants for parts A and B warrant not more than 55 

percent, shall be reserved to carry out part B. 

(3) PARTS C AND D.— 

(A) IN GENERAL.—In each fiscal year, after reserving the 

amounts required by paragraph (2), the Secretary shall 

use the remaining amount (if any) to carry out parts C and 

D (other than section 345). 

(B) PERIODIC ESTIMATE.—øThere are authorized to be 

appropriated to carry out section 345 such sums as may be 

necessary for fiscal years 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, and 

2013¿ Of the amount made available for a fiscal year to 

carry out this title, not more than 1 percent may be used 

to carry out section 345. 

(4) PART E.—There are authorized to be appropriated to 

carry out part E ø$25,000,000 for fiscal year 2009 and such 

sums as may be necessary for fiscal years 2010, 2011, 2012, 

and 2013¿ $17,141,000 for each of the fiscal years 2018 through 

2022. 

(b) SEPARATE IDENTIFICATION REQUIRED.—No funds appropriated 

to carry out this title may be combined with funds appropriated 

under any other Act if the purpose of combining such funds is to 

make a single discretionary grant, or a single discretionary payVerDate Sep 11 2014 05:43 May 06, 2017 Jkt 069006 PO 00000 Frm 00093 Fmt 6659 Sfmt 6602 E:\HR\OC\HR111.XXX HR111
94 

ment, unless such funds are separately identified in all grants and 

contracts and are used for the purposes specified in this title. 

* * * * * * * 

TITLE IV—MISSING CHILDREN 

* * * * * * * 

SEC. 407. OVERSIGHT AND ACCOUNTABILITY. 

All grants awarded by the Department of Justice that are authorized under this title shall be subject to the following: 

(1) AUDIT REQUIREMENT.—For 2 of the fiscal years in the period of fiscal years 2014 through 2018, the Inspector General 

of the Department of Justice shall conduct audits of the recipient of grants under this title to prevent waste, fraud, and 

abuse by the grantee. 

(2) MANDATORY EXCLUSION.—If the recipient of grant funds 

under this title is found to have an unresolved audit finding, 

then that entity shall not be eligible to receive grant funds 

under this title during the 2 fiscal years beginning after the 

12-month period described in paragraph (4). 

(3) REPAYMENT OF GRANT FUNDS.—If an entity is awarded 

grant funds under this title during the 2-fiscal-year period in 

which the entity is barred from receiving grants under paragraph (2), the Attorney General shall— 

(A) deposit an amount equal to the grant funds that 

were improperly awarded to the grantee into the General 

Fund of the Treasury; and 

(B) seek to recoup the costs of the repayment to the fund 

from the grant recipient that was erroneously awarded 

grant funds. 

(4) DEFINED TERM.—In this section, the term ‘‘unresolved 

audit finding’’ means an audit report finding in the final report 

of the Inspector General of the Department of Justice that the 

grantee has utilized grant funds for an unauthorized expenditure or otherwise unallowable cost that is not closed or resolved within a 12-month period beginning on the date when 

the final audit report is issued. 

(5) NONPROFIT ORGANIZATION REQUIREMENTS.— 

(A) DEFINITION.—For purposes of this section and the 

grant programs described in this title, the term ‘‘nonprofit’’, relating to an entity, means the entity is described 

in section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 

and is exempt from taxation under section 501(a) of such 

Code. 

(B) PROHIBITION.—The Attorney General shall not award 

a grant under any grant program described in this title to 

a nonprofit organization that holds money in off-shore accounts for the purpose of avoiding paying the tax described 

in section 511(a) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986. 

(C) DISCLOSURE.—Each nonprofit organization that is 

awarded a grant under this title and uses the procedures 

prescribed in regulations under section 53.4958–6 of title 

26 of the Code of Federal Regulations to create a rebuttable presumption of reasonableness of the compensation for 

its officers, directors, trustees and key employees, shall 

95 

disclose to the Attorney General the process for determining such compensation, including the independent persons involved in reviewing and approving such compensation, the comparability data used, and contemporaneous 

substantiation of the deliberation and decision. Upon request, the Attorney General shall make the information 

available for public inspection. 

ø(6) CONFERENCE EXPENDITURES.— ø(A) LIMITATION.—No amounts authorized to be appropriated under this title may be used to host or support any 

expenditure for conferences that uses more than $20,000 

unless the Deputy Attorney General or the appropriate Assistant Attorney General, Director, or principal deputy director as the Deputy Attorney General may designate, provides prior written authorization that the funds may be expended to host a conference. 

ø(B) WRITTEN APPROVAL.—Written approval under subparagraph (A) shall include a written estimate of all costs 

associated with the conference, including the cost of all 

food and beverages, audio/visual equipment, honoraria for 

speakers, and any entertainment. 

ø(C) REPORT.—The Deputy Attorney General shall submit an annual report to the Committee on the Judiciary of 

the Senate, the Committee on the Judiciary of the House 

of Representatives, and the Committee on Education and 

the Workforce of the House of Representatives on all conference expenditures approved by operation of this paragraph. 

ø(7) PROHIBITION ON LOBBYING ACTIVITY.— 

ø(A) IN GENERAL.—Amounts authorized to be appropriated under this title may not be utilized by any grant 

recipient to— 

ø(i) lobby any representative of the Department of 

Justice regarding the award of any grant funding; or 

ø(ii) lobby any representative of a Federal, State, 

local, or tribal government regarding the award of 

grant funding. 

ø(B) PENALTY.—If the Attorney General determines that 

any recipient of a grant under this title has violated subparagraph (A), the Attorney General shall— 

ø(i) require the grant recipient to repay the grant in 

full; and 

ø(ii) prohibit the grant recipient from receiving another grant under this title for not less than 5 years. 

ø(C) CLARIFICATION.—For purposes of this paragraph, 

submitting an application for a grant under this title shall 

not be considered lobbying activity in violation of subparagraph (A).¿ 

* * * * * * * 

AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS

SEC. 408. (a) IN GENERAL.—To carry out the provisions of this 

title, there are authorized to be appropriated $40,000,000 for each 

of the fiscal years 2014 through ø2018¿ 2022, up to $32,200,000 of 

96 

which shall be used to carry out section 404(b) for each such fiscal 

year. 

(b) EVALUATION.—The Administrator may use not more than 5 

percent of the amount appropriated for a fiscal year under subsection (a) to conduct an evaluation of the effectiveness of the programs and activities established and operated under this title. 

øTITLE V—MISCELLANEOUS AND CONFORMING 

AMENDMENTS 

øPART A—AMENDMENTS TO THE FEDERAL JUVENILE DELINQUENCY

ACT

øSEC. 501. Section 5031 of title 18, United States Code, is 

amended to read as follows: 

ø‘‘§ 5031. Definitions 

ø‘‘For the purposes of this chapter, a ‘juvenile’ is a person who 

has not attained his eighteenth birthday, or for the purpose of proceedings and disposition under this chapter for an alleged act of juvenile delinquency, a person who has not attained his twenty-first 

birthday, and ‘juvenile delinquency’ is the violation of a law of the 

United States committed by a person prior to his eighteenth birthday which would have been a crime if committed by an adult.’’ 

øDELINQUENCY PROCEEDINGS IN DISTRICT COURTS

øSEC. 502. Section 5032 of title 18, United States Code, is 

amended to read as follows: 

ø‘‘§ 5032. Delinquency proceedings in district courts; transfer for criminal prosecution 

ø‘‘A juvenile alleged to have committed an act of juvenile delinquency shall not be proceeded against in any court of the United 

States unless the Attorney General, after investigation, certifies to 

an appropriate district court of the United States that the juvenile 

court or other appropriate court of a State (1) does not have jurisdiction or refuses to assume jurisdiction over said juvenile with respect to such alleged act of juvenile delinquency, or (2) does not 

have available programs and services adequate for the needs of juveniles. 

ø‘‘If the Attorney General does not so certify, such juvenile shall 

be surrendered to the appropriate legal authorities of such State. 

ø‘‘If an alleged juvenile delinquent is not surrendered to the authorities of a State or the District of Columbia pursuant to this section, any proceedings against him shall be in an appropriate district court of the United States. For such purposes, the court may 

be convened at any time and place within the district, in chambers 

or otherwise. The Attorney General shall proceed by information, 

and no criminal prosecution shall be instituted for the alleged act 

of juvenile delinquency except as provided below. 

ø‘‘A juvenile who is alleged to have committed an act of juvenile 

delinquency and who is not surrendered to State authorities shall 

be proceeded against under this chapter unless he has requested 

in writing upon advice of counsel to be proceeded against as an 

adult, except that, with respect to a juvenile sixteen years and 

older alleged to have committed an act after his sixteenth birthday 

97 

which if committed by an adult would be a felony punishable by 

a maximum penalty of ten years imprisonment or more, life imprisonment, or death, criminal prosecution on the basis of the alleged 

act may be begun by motion to transfer of the Attorney General in 

the appropriate district court of the United States, if such court 

finds, after hearing, such transfer would be in the interest of justice. 

ø‘‘Evidence of the following factors shall be considered, and findings with regard to each factor shall be made in the record, in assessing whether a transfer would be in the interest of justice: the 

age and social background of the juvenile; the nature of the alleged 

offense; the extent and nature of the juvenile’s prior delinquency 

record; the juvenile’s present intellectual development and psychological maturity; the nature of past treatment efforts and the juvenile’s response to such efforts; the availability of programs designed 

to treat the juvenile’s behavioral problems. 

ø‘‘Reasonable notice of the transfer hearing shall be given to the 

juvenile, his parents, guardian, or custodian and to his counsel. 

The juvenile shall be assisted by counsel during the transfer hearing, and at every other critical stage of the proceedings. 

ø‘‘Once a juvenile has entered a plea of guilty or the proceeding 

has reached the stage that evidence has begun to be taken with respect to a crime or an alleged act of juvenile delinquency subsequent criminal prosecution or juvenile proceedings based upon such 

alleged act of delinquency shall be barred. 

ø‘‘Statements made by a juvenile prior to or during a transfer 

hearing under this section shall not be admissible at subsequent 

criminal prosecutions.’’ 

øCUSTODY

øSEC. 503. Section 5083 of title 18, United States Code is amended to read as follows: 

ø‘‘§ 5033. Custody prior to appearance before magistrate 

ø‘‘Whenever a juvenile is taken into custody for an alleged act of 

juvenile delinquency, the arresting officer shall immediately advise 

such juvenile of his legal rights, in language comprehensive to a juvenile, and shall immediately notify the Attorney General and the 

juvenile’s parents, guardian, or custodian of such custody. The arresting officer shall also notify the parents, guardian, or custodian 

of the rights of the juvenile and of the nature of the alleged offense. 

ø‘‘The juvenile shall be taken before a magistrate forthwith. In 

no event shall the juvenile be detained for longer than a reasonable 

period of time before being brought before a magistrate.’’ 

øDUTIES OF MAGISTRATE

øSEC. 504. Section 5034 of title 18, United States Code, is 

amended to read as follows: 

ø‘‘§ 5034. Duties of magistrate 

ø‘‘The magistrate shall insure that the juvenile is represented by 

counsel before proceeding with critical stages of the proceedings. 

Counsel shall be assigned to represent a juvenile when the juvenile 

and his parents, guardian, or custodian are financially unable to 

obtain adequate representation. In cases where the juvenile and his 

98 

parents, guardian, or custodian are financially able to obtain adequate representation but have not retained counsel, the magistrate 

may assign counsel and order the payment of reasonable attorney’s 

fees or may direct the juvenile, his parents, guardian, or custodian 

to retain private counsel within a specified period of time. 

ø‘‘The magistrate may appoint a guardian ad litem if a parent or 

guardian of the juvenile is not present, or if the magistrate has 

reason to believe that the parents or guardian will not cooperate 

with the juvenile in preparing for trial, or that the interests of the 

parents or guardian and those of the juvenile are adverse. 

ø‘‘If the juvenile has not been discharged before his initial appearance before the magistrate, the magistrate shall release the juvenile to his parents, guardian, custodian, or other responsible 

party (including, but not limited to, the director of a shelter-care 

facility upon their promise to bring such juvenile before the appropriate court when requested by such court unless the magistrate 

determines, after hearing, at which the juvenile is represented by 

counsel, that the detention of such juvenile is required to secure his 

timely appearance before the appropriate court or to insure his 

safety or that of others.’’ 

øDETENTION

øSEC. 505. Section 5035 of this title is amended to read as follows: 

ø‘‘§ 5035. Detention prior to disposition 

ø‘‘A juvenile alleged to be delinquent may be detained only in a 

juvenile facility or such other suitable place as the Attorney General may designate. Whenever possible, detention shall be in a foster home or community based facility located in or near his home 

community. The Attorney General shall not cause any juvenile alleged to be delinquent to be detained or confined in any institution 

in which the juvenile has regular contact with adult persons convicted of a crime or awaiting trial on criminal charges. Insofar as 

possible, alleged delinquents shall be kept separate from adjudicated delinquents. Every juvenile in custody shall be provided 

with adequate food, heat, light, sanitary facilities, bedding, clothing, recreation, education, and medical care, including necessary 

psychiatric, psychological, or other care and treatment.’’ 

øSPEEDY TRIAL

øSEC. 506. Section 5036 of this title is amended to read as follows: 

ø‘‘§ 5036. Speedy trial 

ø‘‘If an alleged delinquent who is in detention pending trial is not 

brought to trial within thirty days from the date upon which such 

detention was begun, the information shall be dismissed on motion 

of the alleged delinquent or at the direction of the court, unless the 

Attorney General shows that additional delay was caused by the 

juvenile or his counsel, or consented to by the juvenile and his 

counsel, or would be in the interest of justice in the particular case. 

Delays attributable solely to court calendar congestion may not be 

considered in the interest of justice. Except in extraordinary cirVerDate Sep 11 2014 05:43 May 06, 2017 Jkt 069006 PO 00000 Frm 00098 Fmt 6659 Sfmt 6602 E:\HR\OC\HR111.XXX HR111
99 

cumstance, an information dismissed under this section may not be 

reinstituted.’’ 

øDISPOSITION

øSEC. 507. Section 5037 is amended to read as follows: 

ø‘‘§ 5037. Dispositional hearing 

ø‘‘(a) If a juvenile is adjudicated delinquent, a separate 

dispositional hearing shall be held no later than twenty court days 

after trial unless the court has ordered further study in accordance 

with subsection (c). Copies of the presentence report shall be provided to the attorneys for both the juvenile and the Government a 

reasonable time in advance of the hearing. 

ø‘‘(b) The court may suspend the adjudication of delinquency or 

the disposition of the delinquent on such conditions as it deems 

proper, place him on probation, or commit him to the custody of the 

Attorney General. Probation, commitment, or commitment in accordance with subsection (c) shall not extend beyond the juvenile’s 

twenty-first birthday or the maximum term which could have been 

imposed on an adult convicted of the same offense, whichever is 

sooner, unless the juvenile has attained his nineteenth birthday at 

the time of disposition, in which case probation, commitment, or 

commitment in accordance with subsection (c) shall not exceed the 

lesser of two years or the maximum term which could have been 

imposed on an adult convicted of the same offense. 

ø‘‘(c) If the court desires more detailed information concerning an 

alleged or adjudicated delinquent, it may commit him, after notice 

and hearing at which the juvenile is represented by counsel, to the 

custody of the Attorney General for observation and study by an 

appropriate agency. Such observation and study shall be conducted 

on an outpatient basis, unless the court determines that inpatient 

observation and study are necessary to obtain the desired information. In the case of an alleged juvenile delinquent, inpatient study 

may be ordered only with the consent of the juvenile and his attorney. The agency shall make a complete study of the alleged or adjudicated delinquent to ascertain his personal traits, his capabilities, his background, any previous delinquency or criminal experience, any mental or physical defect, and any other relevant factors. 

The Attorney General shall submit to the court and the attorneys 

for the juvenile and the Government the results of the study within 

thirty days after the commitment of the juvenile, unless the court 

grants additional time.’’ 

øJUVENILE RECORDS

øSEC. 508. Section 5038 is added, to read as follows: 

ø‘‘§ 5038. Use of juvenile records 

ø‘‘(a) Throughout the juvenile delinquency proceeding the court 

shall safeguard the records from disclosure. Upon the completion of 

any juvenile delinquency proceeding whether or not there is an adjudication the district court shall order the entire file and record 

of such proceeding sealed. After such sealing, the court shall not 

release these records except to the extent necessary to meet the following circumstances: 

ø‘‘(1) inquiries received from another court of law; 

100 

ø‘‘(2) inquiries from an agency preparing a presentence report for another court; 

ø‘‘(3) inquiries from law enforcement agencies where the request for information is related to the investigation of a crime 

or a position within that agency; 

ø‘‘(4) inquiries, in writing, from the director of a treatment 

agency or the director of a facility to which the juvenile has 

been committed by the court; and 

ø‘‘(5) inquiries from an agency considering the person for a 

position immediately and directly affecting the national security. 

Unless otherwise authorized by this section, information about the 

sealed record may not be released when the request for information 

is related to an application for employment, license, bonding, or 

any civil right or privilege. Responses to such inquiries shall not 

be different from responses made about persons who have never 

been involved in a delinquency proceeding. 

ø‘‘(b) District courts exercising jurisdiction over any juvenile shall 

inform the juvenile, and his parent or guardian, in writing in clear 

and nontechnical language, of rights relating to the sealing of his 

juvenile record. 

ø‘‘(c) During the course of any juvenile delinquency proceeding, 

all information and records relating to the proceeding, which are 

obtained or prepared in the discharge of an official duty by an employee of the court or an employee of any other governmental agency, shall not be disclosed directly or indirectly to anyone other than 

the judge, counsel for the juvenile and the government, or others 

entitled under this section to receive sealed records. 

ø‘‘(d) Unless a juvenile who is taken into custody is prosecuted 

as an adult— 

ø‘‘(1) neither the fingerprints nor a photograph shall be 

taken without the written consent of the judge; and 

ø‘‘(2) neither the name nor picture of any juvenile shall be 

made public by any medium of public information in connection with a juvenile delinquency proceeding.’’ 

øCOMMITMENT

øSEC. 509. Section 5039 is added, to read as follows: 

ø‘‘§ 5039. Commitment 

ø‘‘No juvenile committed to the custody of the Attorney General 

may be placed or retained in an adult jail or correctional institution 

in which he has regular contact with adults incarcerated because 

they have been convicted of a crime or are awaiting trial on criminal charges. 

ø‘‘Every juvenile who has been committed shall be provided with 

adequate food, heat, light, sanitary facilities, bedding, clothing, 

recreation, counseling, education, training, and medical care including necessary psychiatric, psychological, or other care and treatment. 

ø‘‘Whenever possible, the Attorney General shall commit a juvenile to a foster home or community-based facility located in or near 

his home community.’’ 

101 

øSUPPORT

øSEC. 510. Section 5040 is added, to read as follows. 

ø‘‘§ 5040. Support 

ø‘‘The Attorney General may contract with any public or private 

agency or individual and such community-based facilities as halfway houses and foster homes for the observation and study and the 

custody and care of juveniles in his custody. For these purposes, 

the Attorney General may promulgate such regulations as are necessary and may use the appropriation for ‘support of United States 

prisoners’ or such other appropriations as he may designate.’’ 

øPAROLE

øSEC. 511. Section 5041 is added to read as follows: 

ø§ 5041. Parole 

ø‘‘The Board of Parole shall release from custody, on such conditions as it deems necessary, each juvenile delinquent who has been 

committed, as soon as the Board is satisfied that he is likely to remain at liberty without violating the law and when such release 

would be in the interest of justice.’’ 

øREVOCATION

øSEC. 512. Section 5042 is added to read as follows. 

ø‘‘§ 5042. Revocation of parole or probation 

ø‘‘Any juvenile parolee or probationer shall be accorded notice 

and a hearing with counsel before his parole or probation can be 

revoked.’’ 

øSEC. 513. The table of sections of chapter 403 of this title is 

amended to read as follows: 

ø‘‘Sec. 

ø‘‘5031. Definitions. 

ø‘‘5032. Delinquency proceedings in district courts; transfer for criminal prosecution. 

ø‘‘5033. Custody prior to appearance before magistrate. 

ø‘‘5034. Duties of magistrate. 

ø‘‘5035. Detention prior to disposition. 

ø‘‘5036. Speedy trial. 

ø‘‘5037. Dispositional hearing. 

ø‘‘5038. Use of juvenile records. 

ø‘‘5039. Commitment. 

ø‘‘5040. Support. 

ø‘‘5041. Parole. 

ø‘‘5042. Revocation of parole or probation.’’. 

øPART B—NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF CORRECTIONS

øSEC. 521. Title 18, United States Code, is amended by adding 

a new chapter 319 to read as follows: 

ø‘‘CHAPTER 319.—NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF CORRECTIONS 

ø‘‘SEC. 4351. (a) There is hereby established within the Bureau 

of Prisons a National Institute of Corrections. 

ø‘‘(b) The overall policy and operations of the National Institute 

of Corrections shall be under the supervision of an Advisory Board. 

The Board shall consist of sixteen members. The following six indiVerDate Sep 11 2014 05:43 May 06, 2017 Jkt 069006 PO 00000 Frm 00101 Fmt 6659 Sfmt 6602 E:\HR\OC\HR111.XXX HR111
102 

viduals shall serve as members of the Commission ex officio: the 

Director of the Federal Bureau of Prisons or his designee, the Administrator of the Law Enforcement Assistance Administration or 

his designee, Chairman of the United States Parole Board or his 

designee, the Director of the Federal Judicial Center or his designee, the Deputy Assistant Administrator for the National Institute for Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention or his designee, and the Assistant Secretary for Human Development of the 

Department of Health, Education, and Welfare or his designee. 

ø‘‘(c) The remaining ten members of the Board shall be selected 

as follows: 

ø‘‘(1) Five shall be appointed initially by the Attorney General 

of the United States for staggered terms; one member shall 

serve for one year, one member for two years, and three members for three years. Upon the expiration of each member’s 

term, the Attorney General shall appoint successors who will 

each serve for a term of three years. Each member selected 

shall be qualified as a practitioner (Federal, State, or local) in 

the field of corrections, probation, or parole. 

ø‘‘(2) Five shall be appointed initially by the Attorney General 

of the United States for staggered terms, one member shall 

serve for one year, three members for two years, and one member for three years.’’ Upon the expiration of each member’s 

term the Attorney General shall appoint successors who will 

each serve for a term of three years. Each member selected 

shall be from the private sector, such as business, labor, and 

education, having demonstrated an active interest in corrections, probation, or parole. 

ø‘‘(d) The members of the Board shall not, by reason of such 

membership, be deemed officers or employees of the United States. 

Members of the Commission who are full-time officers or employees 

of the United States shall serve without additional compensation, 

but shall be reimbersed for travel, subsistence, and other necessary 

expenses incurred in the performance of the duties vested in the 

Board. Other members of the Board shall, while attending meetings of the Board or while engaged in duties related to such meetings or in other activities of the Commission pursuant to this title, 

be entitled to receive compensation at the rate not to exceed the 

daily equivalent of the rate authorized for GS–18 by section 5332 

of title 5, United States Code, including travel-time, and while 

away from their homes or regular places of business may be allowed travel expenses, including per diem in lieu of subsistence 

equal to that authorized by section 5703 of title 5, United States 

Code, for persons in the Government service employed intermittently. 

ø‘‘(e) The Board shall elect a chairman from among its members 

who shall serve for a term of one year. The members of the Board 

shall also elect one or more members as a vice-chairman. 

ø‘‘(f) The Board is authorized to appoint, without regard to the 

civil service laws, technical, or other advisory committees to advise 

the Institute with respect to the administration of this title as it 

deems appropriate. Members of these committees not otherwise 

employed by the United States, while engaged in advising the Institute or attending meetings of the committees, shall be entitled 

to receive compensation at the rate fixed by the Board but not to 

103 

exceed the daily equivalent of the rate authorized for GS–18 by section 5332 of title 5, United States Code, and while away from their 

homes or regular places of business may be allowed travel expenses, including per diem in lieu of subsistence equal to that authorized by section 5703 of title 5, United States Code, for persons 

in the Government service employed intermittently. 

ø‘‘(g) The Board is authorized to delegate its powers under this 

title to such persons as it deems appropriate. 

ø‘‘(h) The Institute shall be under the supervision of an officer to 

be known as the Director, who shall be appointed by the Attorney 

General after consultation with the Board. The Director shall have 

authority to supervise the organization, employees, enrollees, financial affairs, and all other operations of the Institute and may employ such staff, faculty, and administrative personnel, subject to 

the civil service and classification laws, as are necessary to the 

functioning of the Institute. The Director shall have the power to 

acquire and hold real and personal property for the Institute and 

may receive gifts, donations, and trusts on behalf of the Institute. 

The Director shall also have the power to appoint such technical 

or other advisory councils comprised of consultants to guide and 

advise the Board. The Director is authorized to delegate his powers 

under this title to such persons as he deems appropriate. 

ø‘‘SEC. 4352. (a) In addition to the other powers, express and implied, the National Institute of Corrections shall have authority— 

ø‘‘(1) to receive from or make grants to and enter into contracts with Federal, State, and general units of local government, public and private agencies, educational institutions, organizations, and individuals to carry out the purposes of this 

chapter; 

ø‘‘(2) to serve as a clearinghouse and information center for 

the collection, preparation, and dissemination of information 

on corrections, including, but not limited to, programs for prevention of crime and recidivism, training of corrections personnel, and rehabilitation and treatment of criminal and juvenile offenders; 

ø‘‘(3) to assist and serve in a consulting capacity to Federal, 

State, and local courts, departments, and agencies in the development, maintenance, and coordination of programs, facilities, 

and services, training, treatment, and rehabilitation with respect to criminal and juvenile offenders; 

ø‘‘(4) to encourage and assist Federal, State, and local government programs and services, and programs and services of 

other public and private agencies, institutions, and organizations in their efforts to develop and implement improved corrections programs; 

ø‘‘(5) to devise and conduct, in various geographical locations, 

seminars, workshops, and training programs for law enforcement officers, judges, and judicial personnel, probation and parole personnel, correctional personnel, welfare workers, and 

other persons, including lay ex-offenders, and paraprofessional 

personnel, connected with the treatment and rehabilitation of 

criminal and juvenile offenders; 

ø‘‘(6) to develop technical training teams to aid in the development of seminars, workshops, and training programs within 

the several States and with the State and local agencies which 

104 

work with prisoners, parolees, probationers, and other offenders; 

ø‘‘(7) to conduct, encourage, and coordinate research relating 

to corrections, including the causes, prevention, diagnosis, and 

treatment of criminal offenders; 

ø‘‘(8) to formulate and disseminate correctional policy, goals, 

standards, and recommendations for Federal, State, and local 

correctional agencies, organizations, institutions, and personnel; 

ø‘‘(9) to conduct evaluation programs which study the effectiveness of new approaches, techniques, systems, programs, 

and devices employed to improve the corrections system; 

ø‘‘(10) to receive from any Federal department or agency 

such statistics, data, program reports, and other material as 

the Institute deems necessary to carry out its functions. Each 

such department or agency is authorized to cooperate with the 

Institute and shall, to the maximum extent practicable, consult 

with and furnish information to the Institute; 

ø‘‘(11) to arrange with and reimburse the heads of Federal 

departments and agencies for the use of personnel, facilities, or 

equipment of such departments and agencies; 

ø‘‘(12) to confer with and avail itself of the assistance, services, records, and facilities of State and local governments or 

other public or private agencies, organizations, or individuals; 

ø‘‘(13) to enter into contracts with public or private agencies, 

organizations, or individuals, for the performance of any of the 

functions of the Institute; and 

ø‘‘(14) to procure the services of experts and consultants in 

accordance with section 3109 of title 5 of the United States 

Code, at rates of compensation not to exceed the daily equivalent of the rate authorized for GS–18 by section 5332 of title 

5 of the United States Code. 

ø‘‘(b) The Institute shall on or before the 31st day of December 

of each year submit an annual report for the preceding fiscal year 

to the President and to the Congress. The report shall include a 

comprehensive and detailed report of the Institute’s operations, activities, financial condition, and accomplishments under this title 

and may include such recommendations related to corrections as 

the Institute deems appropriate. 

ø‘‘(c) Each recipient of assistance under this shall keep such 

records as the Institute shall prescribe, including records which 

fully disclose the amount and disposition by such recipient of the 

proceeds of such assistance, the total cost of the project or undertaking in connection with which such assistance is given or used, 

and the amount of that portion of the cost of the project or undertaking supplied by other sources, and such other records as will facilitate an effective audit. 

ø‘‘(d) The Institute, and the Comptroller General of the United 

States, or any of their duly authorized representatives, shall have 

access for purposes of audit and examinations to any books, documents, papers, and records of the recipients that are pertinent to 

the grants received under this chapter. 

ø‘‘(e) The provision of this section shall apply to all recipients of 

assistance under this title, whether by direct grant or contract from 

105 

the Institute or by subgrant or subcontract from primary grantees 

or contractors of the Institute. 

ø‘‘SEC. 4353. There is hereby authorized to be appropriated such 

funds as may be required to carry out the purposes of this chapter.’’ 

øPART C—CONFORMING AMENDMENTS

øSEC. 541. (a) The section titled ‘‘DECLARATION AND PURPOSE’’ in 

title I of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968, 

as amended (82 Stat. 197; 84 Stat. 1881; 87 Stat. 197), is amended 

by inserting immediately after the second paragraph thereof the 

following new paragraph: 

ø‘‘Congress finds further that the high incidence of delinquency 

in the United States today results in enormous annual cost and immeasurable loss in human life, personal security, and wasted 

human resources, and that juvenile delinquency constitutes a growing threat to the national welfare requiring immediate and comprehensive action by the Federal Government to reduce and prevent delinquency.’’. 

ø(b) Such section is further amended by adding at the end thereof the following new paragraph: 

ø‘‘It is therefore the further declared policy of Congress to provide the necessary resources, leadership, and coordination to (1) develop and implement effective methods of preventing and reducing 

juvenile delinquency; (2) to develop and conduct effective programs 

to prevent delinquency, to divert juveniles from the traditional juvenile justice system and to provide critically needed alternatives 

to institutionalization; (3) to improve the quality of juvenile justice 

in the United States; and (4) to increase the capacity of State and 

local governments and public and private agencies to conduct effective juvenile justice and delinquency prevention and rehabilitation 

programs and to provide research, evaluation, and training services 

in the field of juvenile justice and delinquency prevention.’’. 

øSEC. 542. The third sentence of section 203(a) of title I of the 

Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 as amended 

(82 Stat. 197; 84 Stat. 1881; 87 Stat. 197), is amended to read as 

follows: ‘‘The State planning agency and any regional planning 

units within the State shall, within their respective jurisdictions, 

be representative of the law enforcement and criminal justice agencies including agencies directly related to the prevention and control of juvenile delinquency, units of general local government, and 

public agencies maintaining programs to reduce and control crime, 

and shall include representatives of citizens, professional, and community organizations including organizations directly related to delinquency prevention.’’. 

øSEC. 543. Section 303(a) of title I of the Omnibus Crime Control 

and Safe Streets Act of 1968 is amended by adding after the first 

sentence the following: ‘‘In order to receive formula grants under 

the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974 a 

State shall submit a plan for carrying out the purposes of that Act 

in accordance with this section and section 223 of that Act.’’. 

øSEC. 544. Section 520 of title I of the Omnibus Crime Control 

and Safe Streets Act of 1968 is amended by (1) inserting ‘‘(a)’’ after 

‘‘SEC. 520.’’ and (2) by inserting at the end thereof the following: 

106 

ø‘‘(b) In addition to the funds appropriated under section 261(a) 

of the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974, 

the Administration shall expend from other Law Enforcement Assistance Administration appropriations, other than the appropriations for administration, at least the same level of financial assistance for juvenile delinquency programs as was expended by the Administration during fiscal year 1972.’’. 

øSEC. 545. Part F of title I of the Omnibus Crime Control and 

Safe Streets Act of 1968 is amended by adding at the end thereof 

the following new sections: 

øSEC. 526. The Administrator is authorized to accept and employ, in carrying out the provisions of this Act, voluntary and uncompensated services notwithstanding the provisions of section 

3679(b) of the Revised Statutes (31 U.S.C. 665(b)). 

øSEC. 527. All programs concerned with juvenile delinquency and 

administered by the Administration shall be administered or subject to the policy direction of the office established by section 201(a) 

of the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974. 

øSEC. 528. (a) The Administrator is authorized to select, employ, 

and fix the compensation of such officers and employees, including 

attorneys, as are necessary to perform the functions vested in him 

and to prescribe their functions. 

ø‘‘(b) Notwithstanding the provisions of section 5108 of title 5, 

United States Code, and without prejudice with respect to the 

number of positions otherwise placed in the Administration under 

such section 5108, the Administrator may place three positions in 

GS–16, GS–17, and GS–18 under section 5332 of such title 5.’’¿ 

TITLE V—INCENTIVE GRANTS FOR 

LOCAL DELINQUENCY PREVENTION 

PROGRAMS 

SEC. 501. SHORT TITLE. 

This title may be cited as the ‘‘Youth Promise Incentive Grants 

for Local Delinquency Prevention Programs Act of ø2002¿ 2017’’. 

øSEC. 502. DEFINITION. 

øIn this title, the term ‘‘State advisory group’’ means the advisory group appointed by the chief executive officer of a State under 

a plan described in section 223(a).¿ 

SEC. 502. DEFINITIONS. 

In this title— 

(1) the term ‘‘at-risk’’ has the meaning given that term in section 1432 of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 

1965 (20 U.S.C. 6472); 

(2) the term ‘‘eligible entity’’ means— 

(A) a unit of local government that is in compliance with 

the requirements of part B of title II; or 

(B) a nonprofit organization in partnership with a unit 

of local government described in subparagraph (A); 

(3) the term ‘‘delinquency prevention program’’ means a delinquency prevention program that is evidence-based or promising 

and that may include— 

107 

(A) alcohol and substance abuse prevention or treatment 

services; 

(B) tutoring and remedial education, especially in reading and mathematics; 

(C) child and adolescent health and mental health services; 

(D) recreation services; 

(E) leadership and youth development activities; 

(F) the teaching that individuals are and should be held 

accountable for their actions; 

(G) assistance in the development of job training skills; 

(H) youth mentoring programs; 

(I) after-school programs; 

(J) coordination of a continuum of services, which may 

include— 

(i) early childhood development services; 

(ii) voluntary home visiting programs; 

(iii) nurse-family partnership programs; 

(iv) parenting skills training; 

(v) child abuse prevention programs; 

(vi) family stabilization programs; 

(vii) child welfare services; 

(viii) family violence intervention programs; 

(ix) adoption assistance programs; 

(x) emergency, transitional and permanent housing 

assistance; 

(xi) job placement and retention training; 

(xii) summer jobs programs; 

(xiii) alternative school resources for youth who have 

dropped out of school or demonstrate chronic truancy; 

(xiv) conflict resolution skill training; 

(xv) restorative justice programs; 

(xvi) mentoring programs; 

(xvii) targeted gang prevention, intervention and exit 

services; 

(xviii) training and education programs for pregnant 

teens and teen parents; and 

(xix) pre-release, post-release, and reentry services to 

assist detained and incarcerated youth with 

transitioning back into and reentering the community; 

and 

(K) other data-driven evidence-based or promising prevention programs; 

(4) the term ‘‘local policy board’’, when used with respect to 

an eligible entity, means a policy board that the eligible entity 

will engage in the development of the eligible entity’s plan described in section 504(e)(5), and that includes— 

(A) not fewer than 15 and not more than 21 members; 

and 

(B) a balanced representation of— 

(i) public agencies and private nonprofit organizations serving juveniles and their families; and 

(ii) business and industry; 

108 

(C) at least one representative of the faith community, 

one adjudicated youth, and one parent of an adjudicated 

youth; and 

(D) in the case of an eligible entity described in paragraph (1)(B), a representative of the nonprofit organization 

of the eligible entity; 

(5) the term ‘‘mentoring’’ means matching 1 adult with 1 or 

more youths for the purpose of providing guidance, support, 

and encouragement through regularly scheduled meetings for 

not less than 9 months; 

(6) the term ‘‘State advisory group’’ means the advisory group 

appointed by the chief executive officer of a State under a plan 

described in section 223(a); and 

(7) the term ‘‘State entity’’ means the State agency designated 

under section 223(a)(1) or the entity receiving funds under section 223(d). 

SEC. 503. DUTIES AND FUNCTIONS OF THE ADMINISTRATOR. 

The Administrator shall— 

ø(1) issue such rules as are necessary or appropriate to carry 

out this title;¿ 

ø(2)¿ (1) make such arrangements as are necessary and appropriate to facilitate coordination and policy development 

among all activities funded through the Department of Justice 

relating to delinquency prevention (including the preparation 

of an annual comprehensive plan for facilitating such coordination and policy development); 

ø(3)¿ (2) provide adequate staff and resources necessary to 

properly carry out this title; and 

ø(4)¿ (3) not later than 180 days after the end of each fiscal 

year, submit a report to the chairman of the Committee on 

Education and the Workforce of the House of Representatives 

and the chairman of the Committee on the Judiciary of the 

Senate— 

(A) describing activities and accomplishments of grant 

activities funded under this title; 

(B) describing procedures followed to disseminate grant 

activity products and research findings; 

(C) describing activities conducted to develop policy and 

to coordinate Federal agency and interagency efforts related to delinquency prevention; and 

(D) identifying successful approaches and making recommendations for future activities to be conducted under 

this title. 

øSEC. 504. GRANTS FOR DELINQUENCY PREVENTION PROGRAMS. 

ø(a) PURPOSES.—The Administrator may make grants to a State, 

to be transmitted through the State advisory group to units of local 

government that meet the requirements of subsection (b), or to federally recognized Indian tribe or consortia of federally recognized 

Indian tribes under subsection (d), for delinquency prevention programs and activities for juveniles who have had contact with the 

juvenile justice system or who are likely to have contact with the 

juvenile justice system, including the provision to juveniles and 

their families of— 

ø(1) alcohol and substance abuse prevention services; 

109 

ø(2) tutoring and remedial education, especially in reading 

and mathematics; 

ø(3) child and adolescent health and mental health services; 

ø(4) recreation services; 

ø(5) leadership and youth development activities; 

ø(6) the teaching that people are and should be held accountable for their actions; 

ø(7) assistance in the development of job training skills; and 

ø(8) other data-driven evidence based prevention programs. 

ø(b) ELIGIBILITY.—The requirements of this subsection are met 

with respect to a unit of general local government if— 

ø(1) the unit is in compliance with the requirements of part 

B of title II; 

ø(2) the unit has submitted to the State advisory group a 

minimum 3-year comprehensive plan outlining the unit’s local 

front end plans for investment for delinquency prevention and 

early intervention activities; 

ø(3) the unit has included in its application to the Administrator for formula grant funds a summary of the minimum 3- 

year comprehensive plan described in paragraph (2); 

ø(4) pursuant to its minimum 3-year comprehensive plan, 

the unit has appointed a local policy board of not fewer than 

15 and not more than 21 members, with balanced representation of public agencies and private nonprofit organizations 

serving juveniles, their families, and business and industry; 

ø(5) the unit has, in order to aid in the prevention of delinquency, included in its application a plan for the coordination 

of services to at-risk juveniles and their families, including 

such programs as nutrition, energy assistance, and housing; 

ø(6) the local policy board is empowered to make all recommendations for distribution of funds and evaluation of activities funded under this title; and 

ø(7) the unit or State has agreed to provide a 50 percent 

match of the amount of the grant, including the value of inkind contributions, to fund the activity. 

ø(c) PRIORITY.—In considering grant applications under this section, the Administrator shall give priority to applicants that demonstrate ability in— 

ø(1) plans for service and agency coordination and collaboration including the colocation of services; 

ø(2) innovative ways to involve the private nonprofit and 

business sector in delinquency prevention activities; 

ø(3) developing or enhancing a statewide subsidy program to 

local governments that is dedicated to early intervention and 

delinquency prevention; 

ø(4) coordinating and collaborating with programs established in local communities for delinquency prevention under 

part C of this subtitle; and 

ø(5) developing data-driven prevention plans, employing evidence-based prevention strategies, and conducting program 

evaluations to determine impact and effectiveness. 

ø(d) GRANTS FOR TRIBAL DELINQUENCY PREVENTION AND RE- SPONSE PROGRAMS.— 

ø(1) IN GENERAL.—The Administrator shall make grants 

under this section, on a competitive basis, to eligible Indian 

110 

tribes or consortia of Indian tribes, as described in paragraph 

(2)— 

ø(A) to support and enhance— 

ø(i) tribal juvenile delinquency prevention services; 

and 

ø(ii) the ability of Indian tribes to respond to, and 

care for, juvenile offenders; and 

ø(B) to encourage accountability of Indian tribal governments with respect to preventing juvenile delinquency and 

responding to, and caring for, juvenile offenders. 

ø(2) ELIGIBLE INDIAN TRIBES.—To be eligible to receive a 

grant under this subsection, an Indian tribe or consortium of 

Indian tribes shall submit to the Administrator an application 

in such form and containing such information as the Administrator may require. 

ø(3) CONSIDERATIONS.—In providing grants under this subsection, the Administrator shall take into consideration, with 

respect to the Indian tribe to be served, the— 

ø(A) juvenile crime rates; 

ø(B) dropout rates; and 

ø(C) number of at-risk youth. 

ø(4) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There is authorized to be appropriated $25,000,000 for each of fiscal years 

2011 through 2015.¿ 

SEC. 504. GRANTS FOR LOCAL DELINQUENCY PREVENTION PROGRAMS. 

(a) PURPOSE.—The purpose of this section is to enable local communities to address the unmet needs of at-risk or delinquent youth, 

including through a continuum of delinquency prevention programs 

for juveniles who have had contact with the juvenile justice system 

or who are likely to have contact with the juvenile justice system. 

(b) PROGRAM AUTHORIZED.—The Administrator shall— 

(1) for each fiscal year for which less than $25,000,000 is appropriated under section 506, award grants to not fewer than 

3 State entities, but not more than 5 State entities, that apply 

under subsection (c) and meet the requirements of subsection 

(d); or 

(2) for each fiscal year for which $25,000,000 or more is appropriated under section 506, award grants to not fewer than 

5 State entities that apply under subsection (c) and meet the requirements of subsection (d). 

(c) STATE APPLICATION.—To be eligible to receive a grant under 

this section, a State entity shall submit an application to the Administrator, which includes the following: 

(1) An assurance the State entity will use— 

(A) not more than 10 percent of such grant, in the aggregate— 

(i) for the costs incurred by the State entity to carry 

out this section, except that not more than 3 percent of 

such grant may be used for such costs; and 

(ii) to provide technical assistance to eligible entities 

receiving a subgrant under subsection (e) in carrying 

out delinquency prevention programs under the 

subgrant; and 

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(B) the remainder of such grant to award subgrants to eligible entities under subsection (e). 

(2) An assurance that such grant will supplement, and not 

supplant, State and local efforts to prevent juvenile delinquency. 

(3) An assurance the State entity will evaluate the capacity of 

eligible entities receiving a subgrant under subsection (e) to fulfill the requirements under such subsection. 

(4) An assurance that such application was prepared after 

consultation with, and participation by, the State advisory 

group, units of local government, community-based organizations, and organizations that carry out programs, projects, or 

activities to prevent juvenile delinquency in the local juvenile 

justice system served by the State entity. 

(d) APPROVAL OF STATE APPLICATIONS.—In awarding grants 

under this section for a fiscal year, the Administrator may not 

award a grant to a State entity for a fiscal year unless— 

(1)(A) the State that will be served by the State entity submitted a plan under section 223 for such fiscal year; and 

(B) such plan is approved by the Administrator for such fiscal year; or 

(2) after finding good cause for a waiver, the Administrator 

waives the plan required under subparagraph (A) for such 

State for such fiscal year. 

(e) SUBGRANT PROGRAM.— 

(1) PROGRAM AUTHORIZED.— 

(A) IN GENERAL.—Each State entity receiving a grant 

under this section shall award subgrants to eligible entities 

in accordance with this subsection. 

(B) PRIORITY.—In awarding subgrants under this subsection, the State entity shall give priority to eligible entities that demonstrate ability in— 

(i) plans for service and agency coordination and collaboration including the collocation of services; 

(ii) innovative ways to involve the private nonprofit 

and business sector in delinquency prevention activities; 

(iii) developing data-driven prevention plans, employing evidence-based prevention strategies, and conducting program evaluations to determine impact and 

effectiveness; 

(iv) identifying under the plan submitted under 

paragraph (5) potential savings and efficiencies associated with successful implementation of such plan; and 

(v) describing how such savings and efficiencies may 

be used to carry out delinquency prevention programs 

and be reinvested in the continuing implementation of 

such programs after the end of the subgrant period. 

(C) SUBGRANT PROGRAM PERIOD AND DIVERSITY OF

PROJECTS.— 

(i) PROGRAM PERIOD.—A subgrant awarded to an eligible entity by a State entity under this section shall be 

for a period of not more than 5 years, of which the eligible entity— 

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(I) may use not more than 18 months for completing the plan submitted by the eligible entity 

under paragraph (5); and 

(II) shall use the remainder of the subgrant period, after planning period described in subclause 

(I), for the implementation of such plan. 

(ii) DIVERSITY OF PROJECTS.—In awarding subgrants 

under this subsection, a State entity shall ensure, to 

the extent practicable and applicable, that such subgrants are distributed throughout different areas, including urban, suburban, and rural areas. 

(2) LOCAL APPLICATION.—An eligible entity that desires a 

subgrant under this subsection shall submit an application to 

the State entity in the State of the eligible entity, at such time 

and in such manner as determined by the State entity, and that 

includes— 

(A) a description of— 

(i) the local policy board and local partners the eligible entity will engage in the development of the plan 

described in paragraph (5); 

(ii) the unmet needs of at-risk or delinquent youth in 

the community; 

(iii) available resources in the community to meet the 

unmet needs identified in the needs assessment described in paragraph (5)(A); 

(iv) potential costs to the community if the unmet 

needs are not addressed; 

(B) a specific time period for the planning and subsequent implementation of its continuum of local delinquency 

prevention programs; 

(C) the steps the eligible entity will take to implement the 

plan under subparagraph (A); and 

(D) a plan to continue the grant activity with non-Federal funds, if proven successful according to the performance evaluation process under paragraph (5)(D), after the 

grant period. 

(3) MATCHING REQUIREMENT.—An eligible entity desiring a 

subgrant under this subsection shall agree to provide a 50 percent match of the amount of the subgrant, which may include 

the value of in-kind contributions. 

(4) SUBGRANT REVIEW.— 

(A) REVIEW.—Not later than the end of the second year 

of a subgrant period for a subgrant awarded to an eligible 

entity under this subsection and before awarding the remaining amount of the subgrant to the eligible entity, the 

State entity shall— 

(i) ensure that the eligible entity has completed the 

plan submitted under paragraph (2) and that the plan 

meets the requirements of such paragraph; and 

(ii) verify that the eligible entity will begin the implementation of its plan upon receiving the next installment of its subgrant award. 

(B) TERMINATION.—If the State entity finds through the 

review conducted under subparagraph (A) that the eligible 

entity has not met the requirements of clause (i) of such 

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subparagraph, the State entity shall reallocate the amount 

remaining on the subgrant of the eligible entity to other eligible entities receiving a subgrant under this subsection or 

award the amount to an eligible entity during the next 

subgrant competition under this subsection. 

(5) LOCAL USES OF FUNDS.—An eligible entity that receives a 

subgrant under this subsection shall use the funds to implement a plan to carry out delinquency prevention programs in 

the community served by the eligible entity in a coordinated 

manner with other delinquency prevention programs or entities 

serving such community, which includes— 

(A) an analysis of the unmet needs of at-risk or delinquent youth in the community— 

(i) which shall include— 

(I) the available resources in the community to 

meet the unmet needs; and 

(II) factors present in the community that may 

contribute to delinquency, such as homelessness, 

food insecurity, teen pregnancy, youth unemployment, family instability, lack of educational opportunity; and 

(ii) may include an estimate— 

(I) for the most recent year for which reliable 

data is available, the amount expended by the 

community and other entities for delinquency adjudication for juveniles and the incarceration of 

adult offenders for offenses committed in such 

community; and 

(II) of potential savings and efficiencies that may 

be achieved through the implementation of the 

plan; 

(B) a minimum 3-year comprehensive strategy to address 

the unmet needs and an estimate of the amount or percentage of non-Federal funds that are available to carry out the 

strategy; 

(C) a description of how delinquency prevention programs under the plan will be coordinated; 

(D) a description of the performance evaluation process of 

the delinquency prevention programs to be implemented 

under the plan, which shall include performance measures 

to assess efforts to address the unmet needs of youth in the 

community analyzed under subparagraph (A); 

(E) the evidence or promising evaluation on which such 

delinquency prevention programs are based; and 

(F) if such delinquency prevention programs are proven 

successful according to the performance evaluation process 

under subparagraph (D), a strategy to continue such programs after the subgrant period with non-Federal funds, 

including a description of how any estimated savings or efficiencies created by the implementation of the plan may be 

used to continue such programs. 

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SEC. 505. GRANTS FOR TRIBAL DELINQUENCY PREVENTION AND RESPONSE PROGRAMS. 

(a) IN GENERAL.—The Administrator shall make grants under 

this section, on a competitive basis, to eligible Indian tribes (or consortia of Indian tribes) as described in subsection (b)— 

(1) to support and enhance— 

(A) tribal juvenile delinquency prevention services; and 

(B) the ability of Indian tribes to respond to, and care 

for, at-risk or delinquent youth upon release; and 

(2) to encourage accountability of Indian tribal governments 

with respect to preventing juvenile delinquency, and responding 

to, and caring for, juvenile offenders. 

(b) ELIGIBLE INDIAN TRIBES.—To be eligible to receive a grant 

under this section, an Indian tribe or consortium of Indian tribes 

shall submit to the Administrator an application in such form as 

the Administrator may require. 

(c) CONSIDERATIONS.—In providing grants under this section, the 

Administrator shall take into consideration, with respect to the Indian tribe to be served, the— 

(1) juvenile delinquency rates; 

(2) school dropout rates; and 

(3) number of youth at risk of delinquency. 

(d) AVAILABILITY OF FUNDS.—Of the amount available for a fiscal 

year to carry out this title, 11 percent shall be available to carry out 

this section. 

øSEC. 505. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS. 

øThere are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this title 

such sums as may be necessary for fiscal years 2004, 2005, 2006, 

2007, and 2008.¿ 

SEC. 506. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS. 

There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this title— 

(1) $91,857,500 for fiscal year 2018; 

(2) $91,857,500 for fiscal year 2019; 

(3) $93,235,362 for fiscal year 2020; 

(4) $94,633,892 for fiscal year 2021; and 

(5) $96,053,401 for fiscal year 2022. 

TITLE VI—ACCOUNTABILITY AND 

OVERSIGHT 

SEC. 601. ACCOUNTABILITY AND OVERSIGHT. 

(a) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Congress that, in 

order to ensure that at-risk youth, and youth who come into contact 

with the juvenile justice system or the criminal justice system, are 

treated fairly and that the outcome of that contact is beneficial to 

the Nation— 

(1) the Department of Justice, through its Office of Juvenile 

Justice and Delinquency Prevention, must restore meaningful 

enforcement of the core requirements in title II; and 

(2) States, which are entrusted with a fiscal stewardship role 

if they accept funds under title II must exercise vigilant oversight to ensure full compliance with the core requirements for 

juveniles provided for in title II. 

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(b) ACCOUNTABILITY.— (1) AGENCY PROGRAM REVIEW.— (A) PROGRAMMATIC AND FINANCIAL ASSESSMENT.— (i) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 60 days after the 

date of enactment of the Juvenile Justice Reform Act of 

2017, the Director of the Office of Audit, Assessment, 

and Management of the Office of Justice Programs at 

the Department of Justice (referred to in this section as 

the ‘‘Director’’) shall— 

(I) conduct a comprehensive analysis and evaluation of the internal controls of the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (referred 

to in this section as the ‘‘agency’’) to determine if 

States and Indian tribes receiving grants are following the requirements of the agency grant programs and what remedial action the agency has 

taken to recover any grant funds that are expended 

in violation of grant programs, including instances 

where— 

(aa) supporting documentation was not provided for cost reports; 

(bb) unauthorized expenditures occurred; 

and 

(cc) subrecipients of grant funds were not in 

compliance with program requirements; 

(II) conduct a comprehensive audit and evaluation of a selected statistically significant sample of 

States and Indian tribes (as determined by the Director) that have received Federal funds under title 

II, including a review of internal controls to prevent fraud, waste, and abuse of funds by grantees; 

and 

(III) submit a report in accordance with clause 

(iv). 

(ii) CONSIDERATIONS FOR EVALUATIONS.—In conducting the analysis and evaluation under clause (i)(I), 

and in order to document the efficiency and public benefit of titles II and V, the Director shall take into consideration the extent to which— 

(I) greater oversight is needed of programs developed with grants made by the agency; 

(II) changes are necessary in the authorizing 

statutes of the agency in order that the functions of 

the agency can be performed in a more efficient 

and effective manner; and 

(III) the agency has implemented recommendations issued by the Comptroller General or Office 

of Inspector General relating to the grant making 

and grant monitoring responsibilities of the agency. 

(iii) CONSIDERATIONS FOR AUDITS.—In conducting 

the audit and evaluation under clause (i)(II), and in 

order to document the efficiency and public benefit of 

titles II and V, the Director shall take into consideration— 

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(I) whether grantees timely file Financial Status 

Reports; 

(II) whether grantees have sufficient internal 

controls to ensure adequate oversight of grant 

funds received; 

(III) whether grantees’ assertions of compliance 

with the core requirements were accompanied with 

adequate supporting documentation; 

(IV) whether expenditures were authorized; 

(V) whether subrecipients of grant funds were 

complying with program requirements; and 

(VI) whether grant funds were spent in accordance with the program goals and guidelines. 

(iv) REPORT.—The Director shall— 

(I) submit to the Congress a report outlining the 

results of the analysis, evaluation, and audit conducted under clause (i), including supporting materials, to the Speaker of the House of Representatives and the President pro tempore of the Senate; 

and 

(II) shall make such report available to the public online, not later than 1 year after the date of 

enactment of this section. 

(B) ANALYSIS OF INTERNAL CONTROLS.— 

(i) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 30 days after the 

date of enactment of the Juvenile Justice Reform Act of 

2017, the Administrator shall initiate a comprehensive 

analysis and evaluation of the internal controls of the 

agency to determine whether, and to what extent, 

States and Indian tribes that receive grants under titles II and V are following the requirements of the 

grant programs authorized under titles II and V. 

(ii) REPORT.—Not later than 180 days after the date 

of enactment of the Juvenile Justice Reform Act of 

2017, the Administrator shall submit to Congress a report containing— 

(I) the findings of the analysis and evaluation 

conducted under clause (i); 

(II) a description of remedial actions, if any, that 

will be taken by the Administrator to enhance the 

internal controls of the agency and recoup funds 

that may have been expended in violation of law, 

regulations, or program requirements issued under 

titles II and V; and 

(III) a description of— 

(aa) the analysis conducted under clause (i); 

(bb) whether the funds awarded under titles 

II and V have been used in accordance with 

law, regulations, program guidance, and applicable plans; and 

(cc) the extent to which funds awarded to 

States and Indian tribes under titles II and V 

enhanced the ability of grantees to fulfill the 

core requirements. 

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(C) REPORT BY THE ATTORNEY GENERAL.—Not later than 

180 days after the date of enactment of the Juvenile Justice 

Reform Act of 2017, the Attorney General shall submit to 

the appropriate committees of the Congress a report on the 

estimated amount of formula grant funds disbursed by the 

agency since fiscal year 2010 that did not meet the requirements for awards of formula grants to States under title II. 

(2) OFFICE OF INSPECTOR GENERAL PERFORMANCE AUDITS.— 

(A) IN GENERAL.—In order to ensure the effective and appropriate use of grants administered under this Act (excluding title III) and to prevent waste, fraud, and abuse of 

funds by grantees, the Inspector General of the Department 

of Justice shall periodically conduct audits of grantees that 

receive grants under this Act covering each grant recipient 

at least once every 3 years. 

(B) PUBLIC AVAILABILITY ON WEBSITE.—The Attorney 

General shall make the summary of each review conducted 

under this section available on the website of the Department of Justice, subject to redaction as the Attorney General determines necessary to protect classified and other 

sensitive information. 

(C) MANDATORY EXCLUSION.—A recipient of grant funds 

under this Act (excluding titles II and III) that is found to 

have an unresolved audit finding shall not be eligible to receive grant funds under this Act (excluding title III) during 

the first 2 fiscal years beginning after the 12-month period 

beginning on the date on which the audit report is issued. 

(D) PRIORITY.—In awarding grants under this Act (excluding title III), the Administrator shall give priority to an 

eligible entity that did not have an unresolved audit finding during the 3 fiscal years prior to the date on which the 

eligible entity submits an application for the grant involved. 

(E) REIMBURSEMENT.—If a grant recipient under this Act 

(excluding title III) is awarded such funds under this Act 

during the 2-fiscal-year period in which the recipient is 

barred from receiving grants under subparagraph (C), the 

Attorney General shall— 

(i) deposit an amount equal to the amount of the 

grant funds that were improperly awarded to the 

grantee into the general fund of the Treasury; and 

(ii) seek to recoup the costs of the repayment to the 

general fund under clause (i) from the grantee that was 

erroneously awarded grant funds. 

(F) DEFINITION.—In this paragraph, the term ‘‘unresolved 

audit finding’’ means a finding in the final audit report of 

the Inspector General— 

(i) that the audited recipient has used grant funds 

for an unauthorized expenditure or otherwise unallowable cost; and 

(ii) that is not closed or resolved during the 12- 

month period beginning on the date on which the final 

audit report is issued. 

(3) CONFERENCE EXPENDITURES.— 

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(A) LIMITATION.—No amounts authorized to be appropriated to the Department of Justice under this Act may be 

used by the Attorney General, or by any individual or organization awarded discretionary funds through a cooperative agreement under this Act, to host or support any expenditure for conferences that uses more than $20,000 in 

funds made available to the Department of Justice, unless 

the Deputy Attorney General or such Assistant Attorney 

Generals, Directors, or principal deputies as the Deputy Attorney General may designate, provides prior written authorization that the funds may be expended to host a conference. 

(B) WRITTEN APPROVAL.—Written approval under subparagraph (A) shall include a written estimate of all costs 

associated with the conference, including the cost of all food 

and beverages, audiovisual equipment, honoraria for speakers, and entertainment. 

(C) REPORT.—The Deputy Attorney General shall submit 

an annual report to the Committee on the Judiciary of the 

Senate and the Committee on Education and the Workforce 

of the House of Representatives on all conference expenditures approved under this paragraph. 

(4) PROHIBITION ON LOBBYING ACTIVITY.— 

(A) IN GENERAL.—Amounts authorized to be appropriated 

under this Act may not be utilized by any recipient of a 

grant made using such amounts— 

(i) to lobby any representative of the Department of 

Justice regarding the award of grant funding; or 

(ii) to lobby any representative of a Federal, State, 

local, or tribal government regarding the award of 

grant funding. 

(B) PENALTY.—If the Attorney General determines that 

any recipient of a grant made using amounts authorized to 

be appropriated under this Act has violated subparagraph 

(A), the Attorney General shall— 

(i) require the recipient to repay the grant in full; 

and 

(ii) prohibit the recipient to receive another grant 

under this Act for not less than 5 years. 

(C) CLARIFICATION.—For purposes of this paragraph, 

submitting an application for a grant under this Act shall 

not be considered lobbying activity in violation of subparagraph (A). 

(c) PREVENTING DUPLICATIVE GRANTS.— 

(1) IN GENERAL.—Before the Attorney General awards a grant 

to an applicant under this Act, the Attorney General shall compare potential grant awards with other grants awarded under 

this Act to determine if duplicate grant awards are awarded for 

the same purpose. 

(2) REPORT.—If the Attorney General awards duplicate grants 

to the same applicant for the same purpose the Attorney General shall submit to the Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate and the Committee on Education and the Workforce of the 

House of Representatives a report that includes— 

119 

(A) a list of all duplicate grants awarded, including the 

total dollar amount of any duplicate grants awarded; and 

(B) the reason the Attorney General awarded the duplicative grant. 

(d) COMPLIANCE WITH AUDITING STANDARDS.—The Administrator 

shall comply with the Generally Accepted Government Auditing 

Standards, published by the General Accountability Office (commonly known as the ‘‘Yellow Book’’), in the conduct of fiscal, compliance, and programmatic audits of States. 

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