# Guam Territory Energy Profile

Guam Quick Facts • Guam has no conventional energy resources and relies on p etroleum products shipped in by tanker to meet almost all its energy needs. • As of November 2014, Guam Power Authority residential prices averaged 23 cents per kilowatthour. • In 2011, the Public Utility Commission approved two G uam Power Authority contracts for the first commercial wind and solar projects, which total 35 megawatts and are due to begin operation in 2015-2016. The Navy and Air Force bases on Guam are installing solar arrays and water heaters in living quarters and linking electricity generation from solar energy to the main grid to redu ce fuel use. • Guam Power Authority is pursuing the potential for sea water air-conditioning, in which cold water drawn fro m offshore chills seaside building air-conditioning systems. • Guam's Renewable Energy Portfolio goal calls for 5% o f net electricity sales to come from renewable energy resources by 2015, increasing to 25% by 2035. Last Updated: April 16, 2015


# Data Last Update: June 18, 2015 | Next Update: July 16, 2015 Economy Population and Industry Guam United States Period Population 0.2 million 311.6 million 2011 Energy Intensity 6,892 Btu per 2005 U.S. dollar 7,328 Btu per 2005 U.S. dollar 2011 Reserves & Supply Reserves Guam United States Period Crude Oil 0 billion barrels 23 billion barrels 2011 Natural Gas Reserves 0 billion cu ft 305 billion cu ft 2011 Recoverable Coal -- 260,551 million short tons 2008 Production Guam United States Period Total Energy 0 quadrillion Btu 78 quadrillion Btu 2011 Crude Oil 0 thousand barrels/day 8,653 thousand barrels/day 2014 

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Natural Gas - Marketed 0 billion cu ft 25,319 billion cu ft 2012 Coal 0 thousand short tons 1,016,458 thousand short tons 2012 Capacity Guam United States Period Crude Oil Refinery Capacity (as of Jan. 1) 0 barrels/calendar day 17,823,659 barrels/calendar day 2013 Total Electricity Installed Capacity 1 million kW 1,063 million kW 2012 Net Electricity Generation Guam United States Period Total Net Electricity Generation 2 billion kWh 4,048 billion kWh 2012 Petroleum, Natural Gas, and Coal Net Electricity Generation 2 billion kWh 2,775 billion kWh 2012 Total Electricity Generation from Renewable Sources 0 billion kWh 508 billion kWh 2012

» Hydroelectric 0 billion kWh 276 billion kWh 2012
» Other Renewables 0 billion kWh 232 billion kWh 2012 Production Facilities Guam Major Coal Mines None Petroleum Refineries None Major Non-Nuclear Electricity Generating Plants Cabras 1 - 4 (Guam Power Authority) ; Dededo: CT 1 & 12/ Diesel 1 - 4 (Guam Power Authority) ; Macheche (Guam Power Authority) ; Marbo (Guam Power Authority) ; Piti 7 - 9 (Guam Power Authority) ; Pulantat (Guam Power Authority) ; Talofofo (Guam Power Authority) ; Tanguisson 1 & 2 (Guam Power Authority) ; Tenjo 1 - 6 (Guam Power Authority) ; Yig o (Guam Power Authority) Nuclear Power Plants None Imports & Exports Total Imports Guam United States Period Crude Oil Imports 0 thousand barrels/day 9,213 thousand barrels/day 2010 Total Petroleum Product Imports 7 thousand barrels/day 2,580 thousand barrels/day 2010
» Motor Gasoline Imports 3 thousand barrels/day 134 thousand barrels/day 2010
» Jet Fuel Imports 3 thousand barrels/day 98 thousand barrels/day 2010
» Kerosene Imports 0 thousand barrels/day 2 thousand barrels/day 2010
» Distillate Fuel Imports 1 thousand barrels/day 228 thousand barrels/day 2010
» Residual Fuel Imports 0 thousand barrels/day 366 thousand barrels/day 2010
» Liquefied Petroleum Gas Imports * 179 thousand barrels/day 2010 

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» Other Petroleum Products Imports 0 thousand barrels/day 1,572 thousand barrels/day 2010 Natural Gas Imports 0 billion cu ft 3,138 billion cu ft 2012 Coal Imports 0 thousand short tons 10,294 thousand short tons 2012 Total Exports Guam United States Period Crude Oil Exports 0 thousand barrels/day 42 thousand barrels/day 2010 Total Petroleum Product Exports 0 thousand barrels/day 2,311 thousand barrels/day 2010
» Motor Gasoline Exports 0 thousand barrels/day 296 thousand barrels/day 2010
» Jet Fuel Exports 0 thousand barrels/day 84 thousand barrels/day 2010
» Kerosene Exports 0 thousand barrels/day 1 thousand barrels/day 2010
» Distillate Fuel Exports 0 thousand barrels/day 656 thousand barrels/day 2010
» Residual Fuel Exports 0 thousand barrels/day 405 thousand barrels/day 2010
» Liquefied Petroleum Gas Exports 0 thousand barrels/day 164 thousand barrels/day 2010
» Other Petroleum Products Exports 0 thousand barrels/day 705 thousand barrels/day 2010 Natural Gas Exports 0 billion cu ft 1,619 billion cu ft 2012 Coal Exports 0 thousand short tons 126,720 thousand short tons 2012 Distribution & Marketing Distribution Centers Guam Oil Seaports/Oil Import Sites Apra Harbor (Piti) Natural Gas Market Centers None Major Pipelines None Consumption per Capita Guam United States Period Total Energy 199 million Btu/person 313 million Btu/person 2011 by Source Guam United States Period Total Energy * 95 quadrillion Btu 2012 Total Petroleum Products 6.6 thousand barrels/day 19,180.1 thousand barrels/day 2010

» Motor Gasoline 2.7 thousand barrels/day 8,992.7 thousand barrels/day 201 0
» Distillate Fuel 0.8 thousand barrels/day 3,800.3 thousand barrels/day 201 0
» Liquefied Petroleum Gases 0.4 thousand barrels/day 2,265.3 thousand barrels/day 201 0
» Jet Fuel 2.7 thousand barrels/day 1,431.6 thousand barrels/day 201 0
» Kerosene 0 thousand barrels/day 20 thousand barrels/day 2010 

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» Residual Fuel 0 thousand barrels/day 535 thousand barrels/day 2010
» Other Petroleum Products 0 Thousand Barrels/Day 2,135 Thousand Barrels/Day 2010 Natural Gas 0 Billion cu ft 25,533 Billion cu ft 2012 Coal 0 Thousand Short Tons 889,185 Thousand Short Tons 2012
Carbon Dioxide Emissions by Source Guam United States Period Total Fossil Fuels 2 million metric tons 5,270 million metric tons 2012 Petroleum 2 million metric tons 2,269 million metric tons 2013 Natural Gas 0 million metric tons 1,374 million metric tons 2012 Coal 0 million metric tons 1,656 million metric tons 2012 

# Analysis Last Updated: April 16, 2015 

## Overview Guam, the largest island in Micronesia, is located in th e Pacific Ocean about three -fourths of the way from Hawaii to the Philippines. Su rrounded by coral reef, Guam sits on the edge of the Mariana Trench and its Cha llenger Deep, the deepest known place on earth. Guam, like the neighborin g Mariana Islands, is the top of an undersea mountain, part of a volcanic subsea ch ain stretching northwest toward Japan. Just 30 miles long and 4 to 12 miles wide, Guam has nearly threeand-a-half times the land area of Washington, DC. Gua m has a tropical marine climate that is warm and humid with little seasonal tem perature variation. The dry season runs from December to June, and the rainy season r uns from July to November. The wet season can bring destructive typhoons. Guam has no conventional energy resources and meets nearl y all of its energy needs, including electricity, with petroleum products shipp ed in by tanker. Guam's population is estimated to be about 161,000, plus 12,0 00 to 14,000 military personnel and their dependents. Tourism and the U.S. m ilitary are the two pillars of Guam's economy. Pending m ilitary plans to move some personnel from Okinawa, Japan, to Join t Region Marianas on Guam could bring a substantial influx of people to the island. The military already accounts f or more than one-fifth of Guam's energy consumption. P er capita energy consumption on Guam is about two-thirds of the U. S. average, and the island's energy intensity is typically slightly higher than the U.S. average. 

## Petroleum Guam has no petroleum production or refineries. All pe troleum products are shipped in through its only port, l ocated at Apra. About half of petroleum consumed is residual fuel oil, used to generate electricity. Motor gasoline and jet fuel each make up about one-fifth of consumption. Diesel fuel an d propane make up the balance of petroleum consumed. Gu am's petroleum consumption per capita varies by year, but recen tly it has averaged nearly twice the U.S. consumption per capita. 

## Guam has few energy resources and imports petroleum products to meet almost all of its energy needs.

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## Natural gas

Guam does not produce or consume natural gas. As part of its integrated resource planning, the Guam Power Autho rity (GPA) has proposed replacing or converting some older ge nerators to use liquefied natural gas (LNG) instead of petroleum. The conversion would diversify GPA's energy sources and enable the utility to comply with stricter environmental requirements. 

## Coal Guam does not produce or consume coal. 

## Electricity Electricity is provided by the GPA, a public corporation ove rseen by the elected Consolidated Commission on Utilitie s (CCU) and regulated by the Guam Public Utilities Comm ission (PUC). GPA owns and manages the island's power gri d. GPA's electricity is generated primarily from No. 6 resi dual fuel oil, with a small amount from No. 2 distil late. Some hotels also independently generate their own power and hot water. In the 1990s, facing the need for major reinvestment i n its base-load electricity generating facilities, GPA began contracting with indep endent power providers (IPPs) to upgrade and operate the island's base-load power generators. All GPA base-load generating facilities are now managed by IPP s under long-term contracts. The GPA's nominal generating capacity is about twice its historic peak load of 280 megawatts, giving the island grid backup cap acity. New Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) rules now require substantial ba ckfits to these generating plants. In late 2014, GPA received CCU app roval for a plan to replace GPA's baseload petroleum-fired capacity with a single new generating plant that can burn both LNG and clean diesel. The high cost of petroleum products in recent years has spur red electricity conservation among Guam consumers, producing a downward trend in consumption after 2008. Electricity costs about 2.5 times mo re on Guam than on the U.S. mainland, although that is still less than on many Pacific islands. The commercial sector is the largest e lectricity consumer, using more than one-third of all power. Thatsector includes hotels and restaurants serving tourists. The residential sector accounts for three-tenths of electricity u se, and the U.S. military, one-fifth. Facing the high cost of petroleum fuels, GPA, the CCU, and the Guam PUC havebeen exploring possible future alternatives including LN G and small-scale nuclear power. GPA is also funding energy ef ficiency management programs. 

## Renewable energy A prime goal of Guam's economic development strategy is tosubstitute sustainable local energy resources for imported petroleum. Guam's energy goal is to reduce fossil fuel con sumption in all sectors by 20% from 2010 levels by 2020. Multiple opportunities for energy efficiency and renewa ble energy applications are being studied. Little renew able energy has been available on the island beyond a few solar ph otovoltaic (PV) units used for cell phone towers and remo te weather stations, solar thermal units used for water he ating, and a few small wind generators (less than 5 kil owatts capacity) operated by commercial and residential users. In 2008, Guam's legislature enacted a renewable portfo lio goal to have renewable sources provide 5% of net electricity sales by 2015 and 25% of sales by 2035. Any new base-load electrical generating plant must obtai n 10% of its total generating capacity from alternative energy sources. Solar PV, wind, biomass, wave energy and ocean thermal energy are all recognized as renewable sources. 

## The Guam Power Authority is planning to replace costly petroleum-fired generators with an LNG-fired plant.

Wind turbines require special engineering to

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ready for solar hot water heating. Military bases are ad ding solar arrays and solar water heaters to their living quarters. The Guam Power Authority released its first renewables so licitation in 2011 and accepted two bids, one for a 20-megawatt solar PV proje ct by Quantum Guam Power and one for a 15-megawatt combined solar-wind p roject by Pacific Green Resources (PGR). In 2013, NRG Energy acquired both the Quantum project and the 5.7-megawatt solar component from PGR and plans tocomplete both in 2015. PGR is scheduled to complete a 9 .4- megawatt wind project in 2016. GPA is soliciting furthe r renewables projects of all types. Guam has substantial w ind potential but also unique siting issues. Guam is seismically active and is in the Pacific's Typhoon Alley, so wind turbin es must be engineered to resist both earthquakes and typhoo n-force winds. Wind turbine siting must consider impacts on military facilities, endangered species, and other local environmental concerns. Another challenge is maintaining stability of the island's small electric grid given the variability of wind power. Guam has limited known geothermal resources, and use of i ts principal biomassâ€“municipal solid wasteâ€“as an energ y source has not been extensively explored. Two ocean-based te chnologies being investigated are Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (creating electricity from the temperature di fferences between ocean layers) and Sea Water Air Condi tioning (using cold ocean water for chillers). Both technologies w ould involve pipes to access deep ocean layers, and applications may be limited by pipe impacts on the fragil e coral reef surrounding Guam. 

# Other Resources **Energy-Related Regions and Organizations**

• Petroleum Administration for Defense District (PADD) : 7 

### Other Websites

• Guam Energy Office

• Guam Public Utilities Commission

• (Guam) Consolidated Commission on Utilities

• Guam Energy Office, Weatherization Works on Guam

• Alternative Fuels and Advanced Vehicle Data Center - Fed eral and State Incentives and Laws

• U. S. Department of the Interior, Office of Insular Affairs, Guam

• DSIRE - Database of State Incentives for Renewables and Efficiency

• National Association of Regulatory Utility Commissioners (N ARUC)

• National Association of State Energy Officials (NASEO)

• National Conference of State Legislatures (NCSL)-Issues a nd Research - News Highlights: Issues and Research - Energy

• National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL)-Dynamic Map s, Geographic Information System (GIS) Data and Analysis Tools - Maps

• U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Maps, Imagery, and Publica tions - Maps

• Bureau of Ocean Energy Management

• Guam Power Authority

• United States Department of Health and Human Services -Administration for Children and Families - Low Income Home Energy Assistance Program Email suggestions for additional Guam website resources to : states@eia.gov

. 

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