J01o fP- FD- LV s. FISH AND WILDUFE

RECEIVED

RETWiN TO THe OFFIce or: ENGlNEUHNG

lUJG 1 9 1998

ENGINEERING" REGION 5 

HADLEY. MA 

. ._.. ... .

EFFICIENCY OF THE LOUVER SYSTE~

TO FACILITATE PASSAGE OFEMIGRAT~

ATLANTIC SALMON SMOLTS

AT VERNON HYDROELECTRIC STATION,

SPRING, 1995

Prepared for:

New England Power Company

25 Research Drive

Westborough, MA 01582

Prepared by:

Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Vermont Office

224 Old Ferry Road

Brattleboro, VT 05301

Normandeau Project No. 15030.002

May 1996

NORMANDEAU ASSOCIATES

ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS
EFFICIENCY OF THE LOUVER SYSTEM

TO FACILITATE PASSAGE OF EMIGRATING ATLANTIC SALMON

SMOLTS AT VERNON HYDROELECTRIC STATION,

SPRING, 1995

Prepared for:

New England Power Company

25 Research Drive

Westborough, MA 01582

Prepared by:

Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Vermont Office

224 Old Ferry Road

Brattleboro, VT 05301

May 1996
TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ......................................... ES1.0 IN1RODUCTION ..................

;........... .................. 

SITEDESCRIP'TION ..............................................

METHODS AND MATERIALS .......................................

3.4

3.5

StudyDesign..,

...........................................

Telemetry Dataloggers and Transmitters. 

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 

MonitorInstallations 

.......................................... 

SmoltProcurementandTagging.................................. DataCollectionandAnalysis.................................... 

RESULTS ....................................................

DISCUSSION .................................................

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

; 

LITERATURE CITED 

............................................

APPENDIX TABLES .................................

...........
Table 1.

Table 2.

Table 3.

Table 4.

Table 5.

Table 6.

Table 7.

Table 8.

LIST OF TABLES

Page

Data summary for all Atlantic salmon smolts released and/or monitored at

Vernon Station, spring, 1995. ...............................

Comparison of passage route utilization by radio tagged Atlantic salmon smolts

grouped by residency times.. ................................

Comparison of residency and passage of radio tagged Atlantic salmon smolts

grouped by Vernon Station discharge upon arrival. 

....... . . . . . . . . . . . 

Comparison of residency and passage of east and mid-river approaching radio

tagged Atlantic salmon smolts grouped by Vernon Station discharge upon

arrival. .................................... ~........ 27

Comparison of residency and passage of radio tagged Atlantic salmon smolts

grouped by Vernon Station discharge upon passage.. . . . 

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Listing of radio tagged Atlantic salmon smolts that were recaptured at Cabot

Station or detected in the Holyoke Project tailwaters after passage at

Vernon Station, spring, 1995. 

............................... 

Comparison of Atlantic salmon smolt approach and passage at Vernon Station

over five study years... ...................................

Summary of approach and residency time for all Atlantic salmon smolts which

passed Vernon Station, spring, 1995, grouped by passage route. 

......... 
Figure 1.

Figure 2.

Figure 3.

Figure 4.

Figure 5.

Figure 6.

Figure 7.

LIST OF FIGURES

Page

Map of the Connecticut River showing the location of Vernon Project. ..... 32

Map of Vernon Project.. ..................................

Map of Vernon Project Monitoring Stations 1, 2, and 7 reception areas.. .... 34

Map of Vernon Project Monitoring Stations 3 6 and 8 reception areas.. . 35

Water temperature at Veroon Station during the presence of radio tagged

Atlantic salmon smolts, spring, 1995. 

.......................... 

Atlantic salmon smolt passage at Vernon Station by time of day, spring, 1995... 37

Vernon Station discharge during the presence of radio tagged Atlantic salmon

smolts, 1995.. 

......................................... 

iii

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

A study was conducted at Vernon Hydroelectric Station in the spring of 1995 to determine

the efficiency of the louver system to facilitate passage of emigrating Atlantic salmon smolts

(Salmo salar) through the fishpipe bypass. In addition, the effectiveness of the west fishtube

bypass to pass smolts which migrate beyond the louver array into the western forebay was

assessed. The movement and behavior of 185 radio tagged smolts were monitored at the Station; 

134 were released 4. 1 miles upstream of Vernon and 51 had arrived

after passage at Bellows FaIls Station, 32 miles upstream.

Approach by radio tagged smolts to the Station was predominately from the east shoreline

(45.4%) and mid river (40.5%). Fish released at Broad Brook arrived in an average 9 hr 57 min;

smolts which passed Bellows FaIls Station arrived in an average 2 days 14 hr 25 min. Overall

residency times ranged from 10 min to 3 days 7 hr 5 min and averaged 12 hr. A total of 118

smolts resided from 1 min to 1 day 6 hr 35 min in the far western portion of the forebay near Unit

10 intake. Mean residency time in this area was 2 hr 19 min.

A total of 173 radio tagged smolts passed Vernon Station. Forty one (23.7%) passed

through the fishpipe, 68 (39.3%) passed via west fishtube and 60 (34.7%) passed through turbines.

Passage routes for 4 (2.3 %) radio tagged smolts were not determined. Of all turbine passed

smolts, 18 passed by Units 1 - 4, 1 passed Unit 9, and 41 passed via Unit 10.

The louver system excluded from the western forebay 42. 1 % of the smolts which

approached the dam from the east and mid-river. Fishpipe passage for these smolts, however, was

ES-
not instantaneous. For those smolts never detected in the west forebay, 16.4% did not pass the

Station, 6.0% passed by unknown routes, 25.4% passed through Units 1 - 4, and 52.2% passed

via fishpipe. Those that passed via the fishpipe resided in the east forebay area for an average 12

hr before passing. Failure for smolts to quickly pass through the fishpipe was probably due to the

fishpipe entrance trashrack which clogged periodically during the study and severely altered

attraction flows, even when not clogged. Unusually low river flows may have contributed to the

relatively poor louver efficiency.

Some 117 smolts migrated beyond the louver system into the western forebay area. 

these, 6 migrated back and exited via the fishpipe, 1 migrated back and passed through one of

Units 1 - 4, 1 passed via Unit 9, 41 exited through Unit 10, and 68 passed through the fishtube.

Fishtube passage represented 61.8 % of all western forebay passage. Installation of the fishtube

flow diverter may have facilitated passage. In 1994, 53.4% of all smolts passing the Station from

the west forebay did so through the fishtube without the flow diverter.

ES-
INTRODUCl'ION

Passage of emigrating anadromous fishes at hydroelectric facilities along the Connecticut

River has long been a concern of resource agencies and power utilities. On July 26, 1990, New

England Power Company (NEP) and the Connecticut River Atlantic Salmon Commission

(CRASC), and its member agencies, signed a Memorandum of Agreement to establish a schedule

for the resolution of the downstream passage issue at selected dams. In continued cooperation

with the Agreement, NEP has engaged in extensive studies to investigate the utilization of all

available safe passage routes (tainter gates, log/ice sluice, fishpipe, and west fishtube) by

anadromous fishes, and engaged in innovative means to facilitate fish passage (sonic guidance).

Emigrating radio tagged Atlantic salmop. smolts generally did not utilize the downstream routes in

proportions desired to assure safe, expeditious passage (RMC 1990 and 1992). Highly variable

water currents within the forebay along with strong intake flows in the area of Units 9 and 10

tended to complicate the attraction of downstream passage facilities and draw smolts to the western

intake areas where they congregated for long periods of time. Methods implemented (low

frequency ensonification) to alleviate these problems and to guide' smolts to available passage

routes were largely unsuccessful (RMC and Sonalysts 1993).

In response, NEP constructed two new structures in late 1993 and early 1994 to facilitate

downstream passage of anadromous fishes. A louver system was installed within the forebay to

guide migrating fish to the entrance of the fishpipe. In addition, a fishtube was installed near the

west corner of the powerhouse where Units 9 and 10 intake flows tended to attract fish.
This report presents findings of a second-year study to evaluate the louver system and west

fishtube at Vernon Station during the spring of 1995. The study was conducted to determine the

efficiency of the louver system to guide emigrating smolts to the fishpipe and effectiveness of the

west fishtube to' alleviate turbine passage by smolts congregating in the western forebay.
SITE DESCRIPTION

Vernon Dam is located on the Connecticut River at river kilometer 228.3 (141.9 miles) in

the towns of Vernon, VT and Hinsdale, NH (Figure 1). A concrete gravity type structure, the

dam was constructed in 1909. The station is a run-of-thEHiver type with a nominal generating

capacity of 27 megawatts (Mw). Ten Francis type generating turbines are housed in the

powerhouse; four of these (Units 1-4) are single runner with a maximum discharge of 1280 cubic

feet per second (cfs) each, four (Units 5-8) are triple runner with discharge rates of 978 cis each

and two are larger Francis types with a maximum discharge of 1834 cfs each. Two turbines,

Units 5 and 8, have been retired and were inoperable during the study. Normal operating head at

the Station is 34 ft. The turbine intake trashracks are 2 in on center for units 1 through 8 and 4 in

on center for ~ts 9 and 10. The dam creates a pond with a surface area of 2550 acres at a

normal pond elevation of 220 ft above mean sea level. Total length' of the dam is 956 it; the

eastern 600 ft contains six tainter gates to discharge surplus water. Also in this area are eight 7 ft

by 9 ft underwater sluice gates (flood gates) used to regulate smaller amounts of surplus water.

Each flood gate can pass approximately 2 000 cis, depending on pond elevation. A log/ice boom

anchored to 5 concrete piers, forms an inner forebay area and diverts floating debris and ice to a

log/ice sluice at the eastern end of the powerhouse (Figure 2). A skimmer gate regulates flow

down the 13 ft wide, 90 ft long concrete sluiceway. Flow varies from 43 cis to 2770 cis at gate

openings of 1 ft to 16 it, respectively. The gate is normally set at 3.5 ft head under the pond level

(approximately 280 cfs) for fiSh passage. However, it remained closed for the duration of this

study in order to improve flows to the fishpipe bypass. The fishpipe, installed in 1991, is surface

fed and allows downstream passage of fish from the forebay to the tailrace. The fishpipe measures

approximately 82.5 ft in length, is 4 ft high throughout its length and measures 7.6 ft wide at it
entrance, tapering to approximately 2.6 ft at the discharge end. At normal pond elevation, the sill

of the fishpipe is 10 ft below the water surface. Flow through the pipe is 350 cis.

A 156 ft long louver system, installed in the inner forebay in 1994, extends from log boom

pier number 1 (third pier from the west shoreline) to the entrance of the fishpipe (Figure 2).

Eleven 12 ft wide by 10 ft high removable louver panels are housed in the system. Each

individual stainless steel louver measures 2 in wide, 3/8 in thick and 10 ft long and are angled 6()0;

louvers are spaced 3 in apart. At normal pond elevation, the louver panels extend 15 ft below the

water surface. This louver system was installed to intercept emigrating fish following prevalent

flows towards units 9 and 10 and guide them to the fishpipe. This design also compensates for

any increased flows from the operation of two proposed generating units (Units 11 and 12).. The

second fish passage facility, installed in 1994, utilized existing conduit that supplied an attraction

flow for the fish ladder collection gallery; modifications were made to the structure in an attempt

to ' attract and pass fish. A surface fed entrance was constructed in the western forebay wall of the

Station, approximately 25 ft upstream of the Unit 10 trashrack (Figure 2). The entrance measures

8 ft high by approximately 3 ft wide and at normal pond elevation the bottom sill is approximately

6 ft underwater. At approximately 4 ft from the lower sill of the entrance, the passage tapers from

4 ft in diameter to 2 ft in diameter, and extends through the powerhouse, discharging near the fish

ladder collection channel in the tailrace. Flow through the fishtube at normal.pond elevation is

approximately 50 cfs. A debris diversion/flow modification board was mounted at an approximate

30" angle to the entrance of the west fishtube early in 1995. The laminated plywood board

measures approximately 4 ftby 8 ft, and at normal pond elevation it extends about 3 ft beneath the

water. It was installed to divert floating debris away from the west fishtube, towards the unit 10
trashrack and to alter the attraction flow to the entrance from primarily upstream of the tube to the

area from Unit 10 intake. The purpose of the west fishtube was to provide an alternate passage

route, other than turbines, to fish that congregate in the western corner intake areas.

MEIHODS AND MATERIALS

Study Design

Movement and behavior of hatchery reared Atlantic salmon smolts were monitored in the

vicinity of Vernon Hydroelectric Station to determine the relative efficiencies of: 1 - the louver

system to guide smolts to the fishpipe entrance and 2 - the utilization of the West Fishtube by

smolts which approach the area of Unit 10 intake. Six groups of radio tagged smolts were to be

released upstream of the Dam so movement and passage could be monitored. In addition, the

frequencies of radio tagged smolts released at Bellows Falls Station would be programmed into

receivers at Vernon to monitor their movement and behavior. The study design was based.on the

availability of four passage routes: fishpipe, turbines, west tube and fish ladder, after it was

opened. The log/ice sluice was closed for the duration of the study to enhance flows to the

fishpipe bypass. The tainter and flood gates were closed because of unusually low flow conditions

in the river.

Telemetry Dataloggers and Transmitters .

Lotek SRX - 400 telemetry receivers were used to monitor radio tagged smolts. Prior to

release of tagged fish, electromagnetic noise floor levels were determined at the Station. Receivers

were configured to exclude background noise by utilizing several features in the receiver

software. Receivers were set to scan each frequency for specific time periods, depending on

location, ranging from 0. 8 to 3.0 seconds. When a signal was received, the scan program

temporarily suspended and the validity of the signal was verified and logged or rejected. The
receivers recorded the specific code of each frequency and if the code was inconsistent with the

group of known codes it was rejected. A ~tek Model DSP _500 Digital Spectrum Processor was

used to monitor passage through the fishpipe and west fishtube. The DSP 500 when coupled to

the SRX - 400 is a broad spectrum receiver capable of detecting a wide band of frequencies without

scanning. When a frequency within this band is detected, the signal is processed by the SRX - 400

and data is logged in the SRX memory banks.

Data were stored in the SRX - 400 as either a single event or a period of multiple events,

depending on the amount of time a tagged smolt resided in a particular reception area. Data stored

for each event were: start date, start time, channel, channel code, average signal strength, number

of events, end date, and end time.

Smolts were tagged with small radio transmitters manufactured by Lotek Engineering Inc,

Newmarket, Ontario, Canada. Each transmitter was approximately 1.8 em in length, 0. 8 to 1.0

cm in diameter, and weighed less than 2 g in water. Signals were transmitted through a short

length whip antenna extending from the transmitter. A total of 20 frequencies between 149.320

and 149.700 MHz were used during the study; each frequency was separated by 20 kHz. Up to

15 tags transmitted on the same frequency; each transmitted a unique identification code.
Monitor Installations

Eight monitoring stations were installed at the Vernon Project (Figures 3 and 4). Several

steps were followed prior to release of fish to insure that valid signals were received and recorded

at each monitoring location. Noise floor levels were defined at each monitoring location to

determine the best possible noise exclusion settings for each receiver. Each radio tag used for the

study was tested to determine best frequency reception and to verify it' s identification code. The

zone of detection for each monitoring station was established by deploying several activated tags at

various distances and water depths from each station.

Monitor Station 1 (Figure 3) utilized one receiver and was deployed to survey the portion

of river around the tainter gate/spillway area. The receiver was coupled through a multiple

antenna switch box to four 4-element Yagi (Cushcraft Model PI50-4) antennas spaced equidistant

across the dam face; each antenna was oriented upstream and perpendicular to the dam. All

antennas were utilized as one master antenna system and four discrete auxiliary antennas. When a

signal was detected on any antenna, that frequency was sequentially searched for with each

auxiliary antenna. The radio frequency gain of the antennas in auxiliary mode was set lower than

that for the master mode, thus providing greater accuracy in determining the location of tagged

smolts along the spillway area. The reception area of Monitor Station 1 in master mode

encompassed from the east shoreline of the river to the log sluice and approximately 300 ft

upstream. Each antenna in auxiliary mode had a reception range of approximately 100 ft.

Monitor Station 2 (Figure 3) utilized one receiver coupled to one 9-element Yagi antenna

(Cushcraft Model PLC-1429) attached to the middle concrete log boom support pier. The
reception area covered slightly over one half of the west side of the river to a distance of

approximately 400 ft upstream. This station was configured to detect tagged smolts approaching

the forebay area from that side of the river.

Monitor Station 3 (Figure 4) was installed to detect the presence and movement of tagged

smolts along the louver system. One receiver was coupled through an antenna switch box to one 4

element Yagi main antenna and three stripped coaxial cable (SCC) auxiliary antennas. The main

antenna surveyed the area from the fishpipe entrance, approximately 50 ft on either side of the

louver system to roughly 75 ft upstream of the louver system. Each SCC antenna was placed

equidistant along the louver system, about 10ft beneath the water surface. Each antenna had an

approximate 35 ft reception sphere.

Monitor Stations 4 and 5 (Figure 4) were deployed to detect passage through the fishpipe

and west fishtube. A single receiver .coupled with a fast-switching Digital Spectrum Processor

(DSP _500) was used to simultaneously monitor both of these passage routes. Monitor Station 4

(fishpipe) antennas were comprised of three 120 ft lengths of SCC serially connected through the

fast switching box to the DSP _500. The stripped portions (reception portions) of the coaxial

cables were placed approximately 10 it, 40 ft, and 70 ft inside the fishpipe. The reception area of

this antenna configuration extended from approximately 5 ft within the pipe to approximately 15 ft

from the end. The Monitor Station 5 (west shore fishtube) antenna system was also comprised of

three equal lengths of stripped coaxial cables serially coupled through the fast switcher (separate

input port than that for the fishtube antenna) to the DSP. The stripped portions were placed 10 it,

25 it, and 50 ft inside the fishtube. The reception range was from about 1 ft in front of the

entrance to approximately 80 ft within the fishtube.
Monitor Station 6 surveyed the inner forebay along the turbine intake trashracks. One

receiver was coupled through a switch box to one 4-element Yagi main antenna and four lengths of

12 gauge insulated copper wire auxiliary antennas. The main antenna was positioned on the

concrete wall located on the west side of the power house and was oriented parallel to the intakes.

The reception area extended across the inner forebay in front of the intakes to the entrance of the

log/ice sluice. The four auxiliary antennas were attached to pre-existing safety cables strung along

the intakes at a height of about 4 it above the water surface. Auxiliary antenna 1 was

approximately 90 it long and stretched from the east side of the fishpipe to within approximately

15 it of the sluice gate, monitoring units one through four intakes. Auxiliary antenna 2, also 90 ft

long, stretched from the west side of the fishpipe to the end of unit eight intake and covered units

five through eight. Auxiliary antennas 3 and 4, roughly 40 ft long each, spanned the width of the

unit nine and ten intakes.

Monitor Station 7 surveyed the tailrace of Vernon Station (Figure 3). One receiver was

coupled to a 9 element Yagi antenna located on the west shore fish ladder wall above the public

viewing window. The antenna was directed at the east shoreline and its reception area covered the

width of the river from approximately 50 it downstream of the dam to roughly 600 it.downstream.

This Monitor Station was installed to confirmed passage of tagged smolts through Vernon Station.

Monitor Station 8 (Figure 3) surveyed the mid-section of the fish ladder which was opened

on 18 May. This Station utilized one 4-element Yagi antenna coupled to one receiver. The

antenna was mounted approximately 8 it above the water s sUrface at a 450 vertical angle. It'

reception area encompassed the entire width of the fish ladder to approximately 40 it on either side

of the antenna.
Smolt Procurement and Tagging

Hatchery reared Atlantic salmon smolts were obtained from the United States Fish and

Wildlife Service s White River National Hatchery in Bethel VT. Smolts were held in 3 circular

fiberglass holding tanks that were 6 ft in diameter and 35 in deep. The tanks were installed on the

fisWadder exit platform in the forebay of Vernon Station. Water was continually supplied to each

tank at a rate of 48 gal per minute by one pump submerged in the forebay. Dissolved oxygen

temperature and pH were monitored daily in each pool for the first two weeks of holding to ensure

stable water quality for the smolts. All smolts were fed pelletized food on a daily basis except for

those scheduled for tagging on a given day.

Groups of 30 to 35 smolts were transferred from the holding tanks to a 180 gal aerated

transport tank and taken to the Normandeau Associates (NAI) Vermont office in Brattleboro, VT

for tagging. Smolts were netted three to five at a time from the transport tank and sedated in a

bath of tricane methanesulfonate (25 mgll). A radio transmitter was inserted through the mouth

and esophagus and deposited in the stomach of each fish. Tagged smolts were measured to the

nearest 1 mm fork length (FL), placed in temporary 22 gal holding barrels to regain equilibrium

and returned to the transport tank for overnight holding. The following day, all tagged smolts

were inspected for fitness and transported to the release site at the confluence" of the Connecticut

River and Broad Brook, 4. 1 miles upstream of Vernon Station. Smolts were transferred to 30 gal

holding containers and boated out to the middle of the river. Fish were released by partially

submerging and gently overturning the containers in the river.
Data Collection and Analysis

Data were retrieved from receivers nearly every day. Proper operation of receivers was

checked at time of data retrieval. Data were off loaded onto 3.5 in diskettes with an ffiM

compatible laptop computer. Backups of all data were made at time of downloading to assure

complete data retrieval. Raw data were compiled and analyzed with Microsoft Excel software and

were critically analyzed to determine the validity of records. Water temperatures were monitored

during the study period (Figure 5).
. ,
RESULTS

A total of 142 Atlantic salmon smolts was tagged and released upstream of Vernon Station

between 4 May and 15 May, 1995 (Table 1). One group of 26 smolts, four groups of 25, and one

group of 16 fish were released at mid Connecticut River off the mouth of Broad Brook, 4. 1 miles

upstream of Vernon Station. Smolts ranged in size from 162 to 220 mID fork length (FL) and

averaged 184 mm FL. Water temperatures at time of release varied from 11.0 to 13.0 C.

Some 134 radio tagged smolts released off Broad. Brook approached and were monitored 

the vicinity of the Station. Approach to Vernon Station was predominately from the east

shoreline and mid-river. Of the smolts released off Broad Brook, 65 (48.5%) approached from the

east, 52 (38. 8%) approached from mid-river, and 17 (12.7%) approached from the west shoreline.

Times for tagged fish to arrive at Vernon Station after release varied from 2 hr, 41 min to 1 day 9

hr 40 min, and averaged 9 hr 57 min. An additional 51 radio tagged smolts released upstream of

Bellows Falls Station were monitored at Vernon after passage at Bellows Falls. Of these, 19

(37.3%) approached from the east, 23 (45. 1 %) approached from mid-river, and 9 (17.6%)

approached from the west shoreline. Travel times from Bellows Falls varied from 1 day 6 hr 5

min to 5 days 7 hr 22 min and averaged 2 days 14 hr25 min.

Vernon Station residence for Broad Brook released smolts ranged from 10 min to 2 days

22 hr 30 min, and averaged 11 hr 15 min. Of" these, 82 (61.2%) were detected in the far western

corner of the forebay in the vicinity of Units 9 and 10 intakes (Table 1). Total residency times in

this area ranged from 1 min to 1 day 6 hr 35 min; mean time was 2 hr 13 min. Residency times

for the 51 smolts which passed Bellows Falls ranged from 26 min to 3 days 7 hr 5 min; mean time
was 14 hr 1 min. A total of 36 (70.6%) of these smolts was monitored in Units 9 and 10 intake

areas. They spent from 1 min to 14 hr 4 min in this area. Mean time spent there was 2 hr 30

min. Water temperature during the presence of tagged smolts ranged from 11.0 to 14.0 C (Figure

5).

Overall, 185 radio tagged Atlantic salmon smolts were monitored at Vernon Station from 4

May to 19 May, 1995. Approach to the Station was predominately from the east and mid-river

with 84 (45.4%) approaching from the east, 75 (40.5%) approaching down mid-river, and 26

(14. 1 %) approaching down the west shoreline (Table 1). Residence times ranged from 10 min to

3 days 7 hr 5 min; mean residence time was 12 hr. A total of 173 tagged ~molts passed Vernon

Station. The fishpipe and west fishtube passed 41 (23.7%) and 68 (39.3%) smolts, respectively.

Turbine passage occurred for a total of 60 smolts. Eighteen (10.4%) passed through Units 1

through 4, 1 (0.6%) passed through Unit 9 and 41 (23.7%) passed through Unit 10. ' Overall, 109

(63'. 0%) smolts passed the Station via fishpipe or fishtube and 60 (34.7%) passed via turbine.

Passage generally occurred throughout the day, however, most occurred during hours of darkness

(Figure 6). Passage numbers peaked for all routes between the hours of dusk (roughly 8:30 PM)

and midnight. The passage route for 4 (2.3%) smolts was undetermined. A total of 12 tagged

smolts was monitored at the Station and did not pass.

The vast majority of tagged smolts (147 - 85.0% of those passing) resided less than 1 day

before passing the Station (Table 2). Of the 173 smoltS which passed, 117 (67.6 %) were

monitored in the area of Units 9 and 10 intakes for times. ranging from 1 min to more than 1 day.

The percentage of salmon which passed via fishpipe generally increased with increased residency

time. Passage through the west fishtube and Unit 10 varied with increasing residency time, but no
general relationship was evident. Most passage (11 of 18 - 61.1 %) through Units 1 through 4

occurred in less than 4 hr of residence.

Total Station discharge during the approach and residence of tagged smolts ranged from

075 to 11,340 cis (Figure 7); no spillage occurred during the time of smolt presence at Vernon

Station. Tagged smolts were exposed to various Station generating regimes upon arrival (Table 3).

Generation ranged from one small and one large unit operating (mean flow = 2 136 cis) to all

units operating (six small and two large units, mean flow = 9 820); almost half of all smolts (n=

48%) arrived during the full generation regime. Residency times were, on average, highest

(mean time = 1 day 4 hr 3 min) for those smolts initially exposed to the lowest generation;

average residency times for smolts initially exposed to all other generation regimes were

substantially lower. The percentage of smolts monitored in the area of Unit 9 and 10 intakes was

lowest (60.2 %) for those smolts initially exposed to the full generation regime.

In total, 150 tagged smolts which passed the Station approached from the east and mid

portions of the river. Residency times for these fish were longest, on average, for those smolts

initially exposed to the lowest generation and were shortest for those initially exposed to the

generation regime with 1 Unit east of the louver and 4 Units west of the louver operating (Table

4). Of these 150 fish, 99 (66.0%) were monitored in the western corner of the forebay near Unit

10 intake and the fishtube entrance. The fishpipe was utilized for passage at the highest rates by

smolts initially exposed to the lowest and highest generating regimes; 36.4% and 33.

respectively.
Just over half (50.3%) of the 173 tagged smolts which passed Vernon Station did so during

times of full generation (fable 5); some 17.4 % (n = 30) passed during times of lowest generation.

The fishpipe was utilized at the highest rate (44.4%) by smolts which passed during operation of 2

small Units east of the louver and 1 small and 1 large Unit west of the louver. Passage through

the west fishtube was most prevalent (70.0%) for smolts which passed during the lowest

generating regime.

At least 7 radio tagged smolts continued emigration after passage at Vernon Station and

were recaptured at the Cabot Station log sluice sampler or were detected below Hadley Falls

Station in Holyoke, MA by Northeast Utilities Service Company (NUSCO) personnel. Data

supplied by NUSCO personnel (fable 6) indicate that 2 smolts released for the Vernon study were

recaptured at Cabot Station; dates and times for recapture were not available. Radio signals from

an additional 17 smolts, 5 of which were released for the Bellows Falls study, were tentatively

identified as being present in the tailwaters of Hadley Falls Station. Inspection of data supplied by

NUSCO, however, revealed that only 5 had signal strengths of a magnitude that confl11Iled

presence. It is not certain that the other 12 were actually present. Of the 7 smolts which were

confirmed to have arrived at Cabot or Hadley Falls, 3 had passed Vernon Station via fishpipe, 1

had passed by the fishtube, 2 had passed through Unit 10, and 1 had passed via an unknown route.

Travel times from Vernon to Hadley Falls (56 river miles) ranged from just under 2 days to 7

days 16 hr 31 min.
DISCUSSION

The movement and behavior of 185 radio tagged Atlantic salmon smolts were monitored

at Vernon Station. Unlike the previous year s study (RMC 1995), all smolts were released and

monitored during times of no spillage over the dam, thus, the efficiency of the louver system to

intercept and guide emigrating smolts to the fishpipe entrance could be assessed without

complicating flow variables caused by spill. In addition, all smolts monitored at Vernon Station

were either released approximately 4 miles upstream of the Station or had passed Bellows Falls

Station (32 miles upstream of Vernon), during no spill, which allowed for a more reliable

indication of preferred approach routes to Vernon Station by emigrating smolts. Approach to the

Station is important because only those smolts which approach from the east or mid river and

migrate westerly along the dam will encounter the louver array. Those approaching down the west

shoreline enter the forebay under the log boom and follow prevailing flows toward Units 9 and 10.

The predominate approach to Vernon Station was from the east and mid-river (85.9% of

all approaches). This, and data gathered from previous studies (Table 7), supports the concept that

emigrating smolts primarily approach Vernon Station from the eastern and middle portions of the

river. Most emigrating smolts, then, should either pass through tainter gates, if open, or move

westerly along the dam and encounter the louver system.

The efficiency of the louver system to facilitate passage by emigrating smolts through the

fishpipe can be measured by two variables. One, the exclusion effectiveness, can be determined

by the proportion of tagged smolts which approached the Station from the east and mid-river that

were not detected on the western side of the louver, i.e. near Units 5 through 10 and the west
fishtube entrance. The second variable is the expeditious utilization of the fishpipe by smolts

which were excluded from the western forebay and can be measured by fishpipe usage and

residence times. In total, 159 tagged smolts approached Vernon Station from the east and midriver, migrated across the dam and entered the forebay. Of these, 92 continued westerly beyond

the louver and were detected in the Unit 10, fishtube area. This results in a louver exclusion

efficiency of 42. 1 %. Those excluded smolts did not, however, promptly utilize the fishpipe for

passage. Of the 67 smolts which were never detected in the western forebay, 11 smolts were

never detected passing the Station, 4 passed by unknown routes, 17 passed through Units 1

through 4 and 35 passed via fishpipe after an average 12 hr residency time (Table 8). These data

indicate relatively poor louver and/or fishpipe efficiency.

Reasons for the relatively poor performance of the louver system are unclear but may be

due, in part, to two primary considerations: low spring river flows and a probable deterrence

effect to smolt fishpipe utilization by the entrance trashrack. The winter and spring of 1995 were

severely dry which resulted in low river flows during the salmon emigration period. Vernon

Station operated at less than capacity for much of the time and no turbine cycling protocol, other

than Unit 10 being first on, last off, had been established. Consequently, during times of less than

capacity generation, generation regimes were utilized that were probably not optimum for louver

guidance. Poor fishpipe utilization by tagged smolts was most likely due to the fishpipe entrance

trashrack which was in place for most of the study. The bars of the rack are spaced approximately

1 ft apart and create increased turbulence and water velocity from that which exists at the entrance

when the trashrack is not in place. In addition, the rack was clogged with debris several times

during the study, which further increased turbulence and velocity, as well as prevented easy access

to the fishpipe. The rack was cleared of debris when it was noticeably clogged, however, data
suggest that even a cleared rack may have impeded entrance to the fishpipe. Of all smolts (n=41)

which utilized the fishpipe for passage, only two passed in less than 1 hI, and most (n=28

68.3%) passed after 4 hr (fable 2); 6 passed via the fishpipe after migrating into the western

forebay and back again (fable 8). Mean residence times for smolts which had remained in the

east forebay and eventually passed by the fishpipe were longer than the mean residency times for

fishtube and Unit 10 passing fish (fable 7). In addition, 17 of the 18 smolts which passed through

Units 1 through 4 (a route observed for the first time in 6 years of studies) resided an average 4 hr

9 min in the forebay east of the louver before passing. These high residency times in the eastern

forebay and selection of Units 1 through 4 for passage by smolts excluded from the western

forebay strongly suggest an attraction to the flow but a reluctance by smolts to enter the fishpipe

through the trashrack. Many smolts may have been guided to the fishpipe entrance, but after

encountering the trashrack, chose to migrate beyond the louver into the western forebay.

Unfortunately, the trashrack was not suspected to be a problem until late into the study. The rack

was raised out of the water, however, not before all tagged smolts had passed.

The observed reluctance of smolts to enter the fishpipe complicates the accurate assessment

of the relationship between generation and louver efficiency (exclusion, guidance and passage via

fishpipe). Station generation undoubtedly affected the performance of the louver system, however

no clear relationship is discernible from the data. Exclusion efficiency was greatest (42.6%) for

east and mid river approaching smolts during the full generation regime but was substantially

lower (16.7%) during the generation regime with all units except Unit 7 operating (fable 4).

The mean flow differential (total flow into turbines east vs west of the louver) during the full 

generation regime was 48.4% of the total turbine flow through east turbines and 51.6% of total

flow through west turbines (fable 4). A similar flow differential occurred with the generation
regime with Units 1 and 2 (east - 48.7% of flow) and Units 6 and 10 (west - 51.3% of flow)

operating. Although only 5 smolts arrived during this regime, all migrated into the west forebay

area, representing an exclusion of 0%. Without clear evidence of a relationship between

generation and west forebay exclusionlfishpipe passage, the importance of Unit operation

particularly Units east vs west of the louver, during times of less than capacity generation, is not

clear.

The west fishtube was a viable alternative passage route for smolts which entered the

western forebay. A total 39.3 % of all smolts passing the Station exited by this route. In addition

of the 110 smolts which passed via western routes (Units 6 - 10, fishtube), 61.8% (n=68) passed

through the fishtube (Table 8); the remainder passed via Unit 9 (n= 1) and Unit 10 (n=41).. This

suggests that smolts which congregated in the western forebay preferred a surface fed passage

route. Addition of the flow deflector board in front of the fishtube entrance may have contributed

to an increased utilization of this route. In 1994, 32.3% of all smolts which passed Vernon

Station during non spill conditions passed via the fishtube (Table 7). This percentage increased to

39.3% in 1995. Additionally, fishtube utilization by smolts which passed via western routes

increased from 53.4% in 1994 (31 of 58 - RMC 1995) to 61.8% during 1995.
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Guidance to the fishpipe entrance by the louver system for emigrating Atlantic salmon

smolts can only be effective for smolts which approach Vernon Station along the east shoreline or

rid-river. Data from this and past studies suggest that approaches from upriver by emigrating

smolts are predominately from these sections of the river. The louver array excluded 42. 1 % of

the tagged smolts which entered the forebay from the east and mid portions of the river; the

remainder migrated westerly beyond the louver and congregated in the far west corner of the

forebay near Unit 10. Probable deterrence to smolts from entering the fishpipe caused by the

entrance trashrack may have resulted in lower fishpipe utilization, increased turbine passage

through Units 1 through 4, and increased residency time. Unusually low river flows and nonstandard turbine cycling may have contributed additionally to the relatively poor louver efficiency.

The west fishtube passed 61.8% of all smolts which passed the Station from the western forebay.

This increase from 53.4% passed in 1994 may be due to installation of the flow deflector board.

RMC recommends duplicating the 1995, study, with some alteration. The fishpipe

trashrack, which was installed to prevent large logs from entering the fishpipe, should be removed

for the duration of the study. During 1995, there was no evidence of very large debris entering

the eastern forebay and tb,e benefit to fish passage will probably outweigh any potential damage to

the fishpipe. In addition, a turbine cycling protocol should be adopted for times of less than

capacity generation. The random operation of turbines during 1995, in addition to the fishpipe

trashrack, complicated assessment of louver efficiency. However, since there were no direct

relationships evident between generation regimes and fishpipe passage and residence times, the
importance of Unit operation, particularly Units east vs west of the louver, during times of less

than capacity generation, is not clear. Perhaps a standard generator operating procedure will

delineate the importance to louver efficiency.
LITERATURE CITED

Saunders, W.P. and I.M. Mudre. 1988. An evaluation of the effectiveness offish bypass

modifications of the log and ice sluice gate at Bellows Falls Station. IS&T, Inc.

RMC. 1990. Determination of movement and behavior of Atlantic salmon smolts

at Vernon Hydroelectric Station. Oct 1990. 31 pp.

RMC. 1992. Movement and behavior of Atlantic salmon smolts at Wilder, Bellows Falls and

Vernon Hydroelectric Stations and of American shad at Vernon Station. July 1992. 164

pp.

RMC and Sonalysts. 1993. Effect of ensonification on the movement and behavior of Atlantic

salmon smolts at Vernon Hydroelectric Station. January 1993. 121 pp.

RMC. 1995. Movement and behavior of radio tagged Atlantic salmon smolts at Vernon

Hydroelectric Station, spring, 1994. 66 pp.

Table 1. Data summary for all Atlantic salmon smolts released and/or monitored at Vernon Station, spring, 1995.

RELEASE GROUP VERNON FROM

TOTAL BHLWWS TOTAL

Date May May May II-May 13-May IS-May

rune 9:32 9:04 10:05 9:40 9:10 9:41

IhO Temp (C) 11.0 11. 11.5 12. 12. 13.

No. Released 142

Size (mm Fl.)

Low 165.0 162. 165. 175. 173. 175. 162. 170. 162.

Mean 183. 177.6 181. 185.0 186. 192. 184. 190. 185.

High 200. 201.0 208. 200. 201.0 220. 220. 118. 120.

No. Monitored 134 185

Approach

HaltMid

WestUnk.

Time to Station (D:H:M) I

Low 0:02:41 . 0:03:48 0:06:31 0:04:13 0:04:16 0:03:15 0:02:41 1:06:05

Mean 0:05:46 0:12:55 0:11:25 0:10:39 0:06:50 0:13:27 0:09:57 2:14:25

High 0:13:10 1:09:40 1:00:16 1:00:40 0:13:07 1:05:31 1:09:40 5:07:22

4=00 Residency Time (D:II:M)

West ForebBY 2

118

Low 0:00:01 0:00:01 0:00:01 0:00:02 0:00:01 0:00:01 0:00:01 0:00:01 0:00:01

Mean 0:01:22 0:01:04 0:02:29 0:01:36 0:02:00 0:06:31 0:02: 13 0:02:30 0:02:19

High 0:08:35 0:11:00 1:06:35 0:09:06 0:07:00 0:15:37 1:06:35 0:14:04 1:06:35

Total

Low 0:01:06 0:00:20 0:00:10 0:00:56 0:00:21 0:11:53 0:00:10 0:00:26 0:00:10

Mean 0:07:43 0:22:00 0:08:50 0:06:58 0:10:58 0:09:50 0:11:15 0:14:01 0:12:00

High 1:12:46 2:16:01 1 :19:33 I: II :27 2:22:30 1:00:46 2:22:30 3:07:05 3:07:05

Passaae Route

Flehplpo . 5

Welt Tube

Turblno 1-4Turbino 6,

Turbine 9

Turbine 

Unk.

Total Passed 126 173

No Pallage

I - Time to ltatlon for Beliowl fish II travel tlmo from Bellows Falls.

2 - Total time .pent In vicinity of Unit 9 and 10 Intakes.

,.._...

,

o"n__-""-----' S'"

.,., ,
Table 2. Comparison of passage route utilization by radio tagged Atlantic salmon smolts grouped by residency times.

Overall ResidencyNear Passage Route (n - %)

Residenc Total (n) Unit 10 (n) Fish W. Fishtube Turbines 1-4 Turbine 9 Turbine 10 Unk.

1 hr 2 10. 9 45. 3 15. S 25.

1 - 2 hr S 21.7 21.7 17.4 8 34.

2 - 4 hr 6 28. 38. 4 19. 3 14.

8hr 10 26. 17 44. 21.1

8 hr - 1 day 9 20. 19 42. 12 26.

t-..)

1 - 2 days 42.1 31.6 4 21.1

2 - 4 days 14. 4 57. 14. 14.

TOTAL 173 117 41 23. 39. 18 10.4 41 23.

..

::t.WF...

., 
Table 3. Comparison of residency and passage of radio tagged Atlantic salmon smolts grouped by Vernon Station discharge upon arrival.

ARRIVAL RESIDENCY PASSAGE

# Units Residency

Mean Operating Mean Median Near Unit Route (n - %) Mean

Flow ers EastlWest* Total d:h:m d:h: 10 n - Fish ' W. Tube Units 1-4 Unit 9 Unit 10 Unk. Flow ers

2136 0 lit 1 1 :04:03 1:12:37 76. 30. 38. 30. 6175

4544 2/1t 0:09:11 0:09:13 6 100. 83. 16. 956

5115 1/2 0:08:00 0:01:48 71.4 14. 42. 21.4 14. 8398

5900 3 lit 1 0:16:51 0:06:59 63. 14. 51. 14. 11.1 7.4 6439

7118 4/1, 0:04:37 0:03:45 80. 20. 20. 60. 6618

8876 4/1 0:08:31 0:05:03 80. 24. 32. 40. 4828

9820 4/2, 0: 10: 17 0:06:36 60. 30. 34. 10. 1.2 21.7 1.2 8454

TOTAL 173 0: 12:00 0:06:36 117 61. 23. 39. 10.4 23.

* - Number of Units on east of the louver I number of units on west of the louver - bold = large unit (9 or 10).
Table 4. Comparison of residency and passage of east and mid-river approaching radio tagged Atlantic salmon smolts grouped by Vernon Station

discharge upon arrival.

ARRIVAL RESIDENCY PASSAGE

Units Mean Flow Residency

Mean Operating'" Differential (efs)'" Mean Median Near Unit Route n - %

Flow ers Total East/West EastlW est d:h:m d:h:m 10 0 - Fish W. Tube Units 1-4 Unit 9 Unit 10 Unk.

2122 0/2122 1:08:34 1:13:24 8 '72. 4 36. 3 27. 4 36.

4555 2/6, 2217/2334 0:10:29 0: 10:07 S 100. 4 80. 1 20.

5115 1/6 1030/4085 0:06:24 0:01:40 69. 15.4 S 38. 3 23. 15.

5900 4/6 3479/2430 0: 16:51 0:06:59 63. 14. 14 51.9 14. ILl

6993 4/6, 4563/2430 0:05:01 0:05:01 50. 1 50. 1 50.

.......

9089 4/6, 5094/3973 0:08:14 0:04:58 83. 5 20. 8 33. 10 41.7

9787 4/6, 4735/5053 0: 10:01 0:06:34 57.4 23 33. . 21 30. 10. 16 23. 1.5

TOTAL 150 0: 12: 15 0:06:41 66. 38 25. S6 37. 10. 36 24.

* - East and west of the louver.

.

, ..

........._
Table 5. Comparison of residency and passage of radio tagged Atlantic salmon smolts grouped by Vernon Station discharge upon passage.

ARRIV AL RESIDENCY PASSAGE

Residency # Units

Mean Mean Median Near Unit Mean Operating Route n - %

Flow eCa Total d:h: d:h: 10 n - Flow crs EastlWest'" ~ Fish W. Tube Units 1-4 Unit 9 Unit 10 Unk.

296 0: 14:00 0:07:28 96. 203 0/1, 1 13. 70. 16.243 0: 15:43 0:09:38 55. 696 2/1, 44.4 33. 22.

635 0:23:34 0: 19: 11 40. 279 1/2, 40. 20. 20. 20.

743 0:04:18 0:02:09 42. 885 3/1, 15. 42. 26. 15.

514 0:09: 12 0:04: 15 5 100. 903 4/1, 60. 40.

288 0:04:26 0:03:45 66. 697 4/1 , 22. 11.1 11.1 55.

514 0:12:30 0:06:58 62. 762 4/2 25. . 28 32. 12. 1.1 24.

TOTAL 173 0:12:00 0:06:36 114 65. 23. 39. 10.4 23.

'" - Number of Units on east of the louver I number of units on west of the louver - bold = large unit (9 or 10).

..

 

 ,

"l!Ii1'f'
.

,

.

Table 6.

0201

03010101

0405

1002

0411

10041001

01150809

1301

1201

1304

19041702

2001

170919111612

FISH

nun

176

178

178188185

210

162168

182

203

181

178

180186185186

178

192191

Listing of radio tagged Atlantic salmon smolts that were recaptured at Cabot Station or detected in the HolyokeProject tail waters after passage at Vernon Station, spring, 1995.

Date

5/45/4

5/45/4

5/6

5/65/6

5/65/7

5/8

5/125/125/12

51135/13

5/13

5/165/185/19

VERNON ARRIVAL AND PASSAGE

Time to Arrival

Station Flow

d:h:m cCs

0:04:59 10 450

0:04:59 10,4500:05:01 10,4500:05:42 9,905

. 0:07: 13 6 050

3:04:26 6,050

0:12:26 6 120

0: 13:09 6,0502:01:28 8,9450:09:47 5 115

0:20:41 2,3550:23:50 10,220

1:()():40 9,095

0:04:26 8,485

0:04:36 8,485

0:04:38 8 485

1:18:48 9 090

2:02:53 9,4502:14:15 10 560

Time A roach

14:31 Mid

14:31 Mid

14:33 Mid15: 14 East16: 17 Mid

20:54 East21:30 East

22:13 East :40 Mid

19:52 Mid 6:21 West 9:30 West

10:20 East

13:36 East

13:46 East13:48 East

10:10 Mid

16:44 East

1:10 West

Residency

d:h:m

0:06:20

0:06:230:07:430:01: 12

0:05:130:03: 100:00:200:00:22

2:05:390:01:57

0:00:580:02:210:05:23

0:06:440:04:53

1:00:50

0:09:360:04:26

0:00:47

Passage

Route

UNK

Pipe

Tube

Unit 10

Pipe

Tube

Unit 10

Tube

Pipe

UNKTube

Pipe

Unit 10

Pipe

Unit 10

Pipe

Unit 10

Pipe

Unit 9

Passage

Flow

cCs

355

355

905905

120

980

120

050

900950

370

10,015

790

495

195

400540

10,030

10,560

HOLYOKE TAILWATERS

Time From

Vernon

Date Time d:h:m51t7 13:48 12: 16:575/12 13:25 7: 16:31 5/17 13:52 12: 15:26 5/13 11:31 8:19:05

Recaptured at Cabot Station 5/12 1: 16 5:00: 12

5/21 17: II 14: 19:21

Recaptured at Cabot Station 5/14 1:48 4:05:29

5/12 23:21 4:01:32 5/16 8:50 4:01 :31 5/15 12:49 3:()():58 5/16 12: 14 3:20:31

5/17' 17:49 3:21:29 5/16 18:32 2:23:53 5/16 17:31 2:02:53 5/19 16:58 2:21: 12 5/20 18:19 1:21:09 5/21 18:55 2: 16:58

B = Smolts released upstream of Bellows Falls.S = Strong signal - indicative of positive detection.

Note - These Holyoke detection data were obtained Crom NUSCO personnel with the caveat that some signals may have been questionable.

One of the frequencies and codes supplied by NUSCO as detected at Holyoke was recaptured at Cabot Station.

..,.
Table 7. Comparison of Atlantic salmon smolt approach and passage at Vernon Station over five study years.

Stud Year

1990 1991 * 1992 1994** 1995

Approach (%)

East 88. 46. 41.7 50. 45.4

Mid-River 23. 10. 40.

West 2.4 23.1 50. 37. 14.

Unknown 1.6

Passage Route (%)

Tainter Gate 42. 1.8

Flood Gate

Sluice Gate 21.4 28. N/A N/A

Fishpipe N/A 12. 21.7 35. 23.

West Fishtube N/A N/A N/A 32. 39.

Turbine 30. 63. 47.5 29. 37.

Unknown 14.

Fishladder 2.5

* - Approach results reflect only smolts released mid-river off Vermont Yankee (n= 13),

passage results discount smolts released in forebay (n=55).

** - Data reflect only smolts initially exposed to non spill conditions upon arrival to the Station (n=64 approach, n=62 passed).

, 

$P.;? 
Table 8. Summary of approach and residency time for all Atlantic salmon smolts which passed Vernon Station, spring, 1995, grouped by passage route.

Passage Route

Fishpipe Fishtube Units 1- Unit 9 Unit 10 Unknown TOTAL

East. West. East. West. East. West. East. West. East. West. East* West. East* West*

Number 117Approach

East

Mid

West

Residency Time (D:II:M)West Forebay 2

Low 0:00:09 0:00:01 0:00: I 1 0:00:08 0:00:01 0:00:01

Mean 0:03:20 0:02:11 0:00:1 I 0:00:08 0:02:13 0:02:19

Median 0:00:56 0:00:23 0:00: 11 0:00:08 0:00:23 0:00:23

High 0:14:04 0:15:37 0:00: II 0:00:08 1:06:35 1:06:35

Total

Low 0:00:10 0:03: 11 0:00:21 0:00:35 0:23:25 0:00:41 0:00:20 0:01:57 0:00:10 0:00:20

Mean 0:12:31 0:17:36 0:11:19 0:04:09 0:23:25 0:00:47 0:11:12 0:23:55 0:10:40 0:12:11

Median 0:01:21 0:12:59 0:06:41 0:02:31 0:23:25 0:00:47 0:05:29 0:14:51 0:06:20 0:06:38

High 2:05:39 1:11:57 3:01:05 1 :01 :26 0:23:25 0:00:47 2:22:30 2:16:01 2:16:01 3:01:05

.....

. - East = smolts never detected in the western intake corner, West = smolts that were detected in western intake corner.

, 

.....

.

:

,.;::,
I Wilder Dam 

Lebanon, NH

White River

Junction, VT

Bellows Falls

Dam

i!'

Vernon

Dam

iHinSda,e

MIles

Figure 1. Map of the Connecticut River showing the location of Vernon Project.
-t,

.......

G-..

cr, II)

t\I

oS! C') (I)

"I:t 

:g.

to .

(/)

CO .

r-- 

::0. CD . 0).

'P"

Figure 2. Map of Vernon Project.
Cii

CI)

::J

Ulliill 

....

L1.

...  . g

of .

Figure 3. Map of Vernon Project Monitoring Stations 1, 2. and 7 reception areas.
:!! ...... ::;: ... ... ()) ....

lIS

c::

::J

::J

C/)pot.

::JCII

(.0)

::J

Station 8

(Flshladder)

Station 5

(West

Fishtube)

I:I:I:!I,1:I:I' II!111

;:;:;:;:;,

;:;:;:;:;:;:;1

j'::::':dInI:1

:llll!i!liillillliiil!1!,

rmmntITlliJ

Forebay

Station 6

(Intakes)

Main Antenna

Auxiliary Antenna

Station 3

(Louver)

:::

: m m:m: m 1m m m m mm m m::::::m i:::m i: m: m m i I mm m m:::: mmm!illill~

: :

.mmm! mmmm mm m: mm mmm m mm: m mm!;:

iliii!III!I~1!11imll!III'~lillllliI1!1' li!IIIII' II

:;:;:;:!:;:::;,;:;,;,;,;,;:::;:;:;,::::;,;:;:;:::;:;:;:;

;:;:;:,:;;,;:;:;:::;:;:;:::::;:::;,;,;:;:;:;::,;:;,;:;:;:::;:;:;:;:;

;:;, ; 

1111111'

111 II i!IIII~!1!1! 'liil!!!!!I! !!~ilil!I!I~~!j! li1ji! Ii!!:

liiilil,iiiiiil,

;"""I""':::I

~:ili:

.

;::

~!ilijlilli!lilil~jlilii Ii ~111: l~llill!li,lll~

;~i~1~;:m~!::~!!1~t;t:" . :I:,iimnmm;:"t. . ,,:;:!~1~!mm~!:iim:i:m~im:im:m:m:i:1:i:m:mi!g~m::ii:!~!:!:iI!:i :: :!:mi!:mImmm~!i!iii!I:~m:m:!~!iii:::m!i!i:iEmmmi1I:::

!mm:m~::mi!imimimim:m:mmm:m:m:!~m:m:1~mi!~i:m:mmillmH:mmm:m:m:m:i:m:!Im~m:::m

Ii :mmmmm:m:!m:mmmm:::mmm:mmm:immmnm:iI;

...

Station 4

(Flshpipe)

i'fj;"
Figure S. Water temperature at Vernon Station during the presence of radio tagged

Atlantic salmon smolts, spring, 1995.

Temp (C)

5/3 5/4 5/5 5/6 5/7 5/8 5/9 5/10 5/11 5/12 5/13 5/14 5/15 5/16 5/17 5/18 5/19 5/20 5/21 5/22

Date

's-
Figure 6. Atlanti(::~almon smolt passage at Vernon Station by time of day, spring, 1995.

Number 

_r,

_

N..

i .

i i, 'i

:1:

. i:

Pipe

Tube

. . . 

Unit

:

.

:;1

. ,

; 9

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 

Hour Ending

, ,. , ;

1RI" '-----"P

.. 
Figure 7. Vernon Station discharge during the presence of radio tagged

Atlantic salmon smolts, 1995.

, .

12000

, 4-May

10000 

.

8000

l.)

CFS 6000

/ 

4000

2000

3 ' 4

,.

,

'N'~--' 

,

.,

.. 

9 10 , 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 

Hour

_...
Figure 7. Coot.

1200010000 . .

8000 ..

CFS 6000

40002000

.

May

Hour

w-"

DUnit 10. Unit 9a Unit 7

mUnlt 6

m Unit 4

Ii Unit 3

III Unit 2II Unit 1m Pipe& Tube

..,.

.......

 ......
Figure 7. Coot.

7000

6000 '. May

5000

1000

_...., .

.

..,.,.,

DUnlt 10.. Unit 9a Unit 7m Unit 6

m Unit 4

a Unit 3

mUnit 2II Unit 1

m Pipe& Tube

4000

CFS

~()O()2000

Hour

:!li.
Figure 7. Cont.

12000

. 10000 ..

8000

.....

CFS 6000

40002000

. ...,

,

. ,

,_........

May

10 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 

Hour

4 .

ilJ\tf.

OUnit 

.. Unit 9a Unit 7

m Unit 6

m Unit 4

m Unit 3

m Unit 2

II Unit 1m Pipe& Tube ..'. ., h,_"'U"- .
Figure 7. Cont.

1200010000 ,.

8000

CFS 6000

40002000

,

.. 

,

,

May

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 

Hour

;Wc

DUnil10

III Unit 9aUnil7m Unit 6

m Unit 4

~ Unit 3mUnit 2III Unit 1 

m Pir~& Tuhe I
Figure 7. Cont.

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Table At.

Table A2.

Table A3.

Table A4.

Table AS.

Table A6.

Table A7.

DRAFT

APPENDIX TABLES

Listing of pertinent data for all group 1 radio tagged Atlantic salmon smolts

released for the Vernon Station study, spring, 1995. Fish were released at 9:32

AM on 4 May at a water temperature of 11 C. . . 

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 

Listing of pertinent data for all group 2 radio tagged Atlantic salmon smolts

released for the Vernon Station study, spring, 1995. Fish were released at 9:04

AM on 6 May at a water temperature of 11.5 C. 

................... 

Listing of pertinent data for all group 3 radio tagged Atlantic salmon smolts

released for the Vernon Station study, spring, 1995. Fish were released at 10:05

AM on 8 May at a water temperature of 11.5 C. 

................... 

Listing of pertinent data for all group 4 radio tagged Atlantic salmon smolts

released for the Vernon Station study, spring, 1995. Fish were released at 9:40

AM on 11 May at a water temperature of 12 C. 

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Listing of pertinent data for all group 5 radio tagged Atlantic salmon smolts

released for the Vernon Station study, spring, 1995. Fishwere released at 9:10

AM on 13 May at a water temperature of 12.5 C. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 59

Listing of pertinent data for all group 6 radio tagged Atlantic salmon smolts

released for the Vernon Station study, spring, 1995. Fish were released at 9:41

AM on 15 May at a water temperature of 13 C. 

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Listing of pertinent data for all radio tagged Atlantic salmon smolts which passed

Bellows Falls Station and were monitored at Vernon Station, spring, 1995. .. 61
Table AI.

Table A2.

Table A3.

Table A4.

Table AS.

Table A6.

Table A7.

APPENDIX TABLES

Listing of pertinent data for all group 1 radio tagged Atlantic salmon smolts

released for the Vernon Station study, spring, 1995. Fish were released at 9:32

AM on 4 May at a water temperature of 11 C. . . 

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Listing of pertinent data for all group 2 radio tagged Atlantic salmon smolts

released for the Vernon Station study, spring, 1995. Fish were released at 9:04

AM on 6 May at a water temperature of 11.5 C. 

................... 

Listing of pertinent data for all group 3 radio tagged Atlantic salmon smolts

released for the Vernon Station study, spring, 1995. Fish were released at 10:05

AM on 8 May at a water temperature of 11.5 C. 

................... 

Listing of pertinent data for all group 4 radio tagged Atlantic salmon smolts

released for the Vernon Station study, spring, 1995. Fish were released at 9:40

AM on 11 May at a water temperature of 12 C. 

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Listing of pertinent data for all group 5 radio tagged Atlantic salmon smolts

released for the Vernon Station study, spring, 1995. Fish were released at 9:10

AM on 13 May at a water temperature of 12.5 C. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

. . . . . . 

Listing of pertinent data for all group 6 radio tagged Atlantic salmon smolts

released for the Vernon Station study, spring, 1995. Fish were released at 9:41

AM on 15 May at a water temperature of 13 C. 

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Listing of pertinent data for all radio tagged Atlantic salmon smolts which passed

Bellows Falls Station and were monitored at Vernon Station, spring, 1995. 

. .
'Table AI. Listing of pertinent data for all group 1 radio tagged Atlantic salmon smolts released for the Vernon Station study, spring, 1995.

Fish were released at 9:32 AM on 4 May at a water temperature of 11 C.

FISH ARRIVAL RESIDENCY PASSAGE

Time to West

Station Flow Units Total Forebay Flow Units Time

(mm) Date Time Approach (d:h:m) (cfs) Operating (d:h:m) (d:h:m) Route (cfs) Operating of Day

0102 196 5/4 12:13 East 0:02:4 I 905 All 0:07:48 0:00:00 Unit 1-4 355 All 8:01 PM

0204 179 5/4 13:56 East 0:04:24 ~1O All 0:09:52 0:00:01 Tube 905 All 11:48 PM

0206 200 5/4 14:14 East 0:04:42 450 All 0:09:09 0:00:00 Unit 1~ 905 All 11:22 PM

0504 168 5/4 14:19 Mid 0:04:47 450 All 0:07:25 0:00:00 Pipe 905 All 9:44 PM

0505 178 5/4 14:29 East 0:04:57 450 All 0:07:33 0:00:00 Unit 1-4 905 All 10:02 PM

0201 176 5/4 14:31 Mid 0:04:59 450 All 0:06:20 0:00:00 UNK 355 All 8:50 PM

0301 178 5/4 14:31 Mid 0:04:59 450 All 0:06:23 0:00:00 Pipe 355 All 8:54 PM

0402 185 5/4 14:32 East 0:05:00 450 All 0:06:46 0:00:59 Unit 10 905 All 9:18 PM

0403 175 5/4 14:32 East 0:05:00 450 All 0:06:58 0:00:00 Pipe 905 All 9:29 PM0101 178 5/4 14:33 Mid ' 0:05:01 450 All 0:07:43 0:00:04 Tube 905 All 10: 15 PM

0104 178 5/4 14:33 East 0:05:01 450 All 0:07:41 0:00:00 Pipe 905 All 10: 13 PM

0306 178 5/4 14:33 West 0:05:01 450 All 0: 10:49 0:00:00 Unit 1-4 356 1 :22 

0205 196 5/4 14:34 Mid 0:05:02 450 All 0:08:44 0:00:00 Unit 1- 905 All 11:17 PM0304 192 5/4 14:34 East 0:05:02 450 All 0:07:21 0:00:00' Pipe 905 All 9:54 PM

0305 188 5/4 14:36 Mid 0:05:04 450 All 0:05:29 0:03:18 Unit 10 355 All 8:05 PM

0503 189 5/4 15:09 East 0:05:37 905 All 0:09:48 0:08:35 Unit 10 515 All 12:57 AM

0202 180 5/4 15: 11 East 0:05:39 905 All 0:01: 14 0:00:04 Unit 10 905 All 4:24 PM

0405 188 5/4 15:14 East 0:05:42 905 All 0:01:12 0:00:06 Unit 10 905 All 4:25 PM

0105 180 5/4 15:.17 Mid 0:05:45 905 All 0:06:08 0:01: 11 Tube 905 All 9:25 PM

0303 195 5/4 15:20 Mid 0:05:48 905 All 0:05:14 0:00:01 Tube 355 All 8:34 PM

0501 195 5/4 15:36 East 0:06:04 905 All 0:05:39 ' 0:00:00 Pipe 905 All 9:15 PM

0502 175 5/4 18:51 Mid 0:09:19 905 All 1: 12:46 0:00:24 Tube 08~ 7:37 AM

0401 192 5/4 19:18 Mid 0:09:46 905 All 0:02:05 0:00:00 Unit 1-4 905 All 9:22 PM0103 175 5/4 22:42 West 0:13:10 905 All 0:01 :06 0:00:23 Unit 10 905 All 11:48 PM0203 165 No Data0404 188 No Data

'1';
Table A2. Listing of pertinent data for all group 2 radio tagged Atlantic salmon smolts released for the Vernon Station study. spring. 1995.

Fish were released at 9:04 AM on 6 May at a water temperature of 11.5 C.

FISH ARRIVAL RESIDENCY PASSAGE

Time to West

Station Flow Units Total Forebay Flow Units Time

(mm) Date Time Approach (d:h:rn) (cfs) Operating (d:h:m) (d:h:m) Route (cfs) Operating of Day

0703 174 5/6 12:52 East 0:03:48 305 6~ 10 I :0 1:26 0: oo: oo Unit 1-4 945 All 2: 18 PM

0701 175 5/6 12:53 Mid 0:03:49 305 2:05:36 O:()(): 13 Tube 525 6:29 PM

0905 182 5/6 12:57 East 0:03:53 305 0: 14:29 0:()():34 Tube 965 3:25 AM

0604 185 5/6 12:58 East 0:03:54 305 1:22: 12 0:()():45 Unit 10 535 All 11:09 AM

0801 162 5/6 15:08 East 0:06:04 080 0:oo:32 O:oo:O I Tube 080 3:39 PM

1002 185 5/6 16:17 Mid 0:07: 13 050 0:05: 13 o:oo:oo Pipe 120 9:30 PM

0904 195 5/6 19:26 East 0: 10:22 080 0:02:09 O:oo:oo Pipe 120 9:35 PM

0601 172 5/6 20:51 East 0: 11 :47 050 NONE

0804 185 5/6 20:56 East 0: 11:52 050 0:()():35 O:()():OO Unit 1- 120 9:30 PM

0902 175 5/6 21:06 Mid 0: 12:02 120 0:()():40 O:()():OO Unit 1-4 120 3,4, 9:45 PM

t.J\ 0704 175 5/6 21:07 East 0: 12:03 120 0:oo:30 0:00: II Tube 120 9:36 PM

0802 185 5/6 21:23 East 0: 12: 19 120 10 . 0:02:31 O:()():()() Unit 1- 080 3,4, 11:54 PM

1004 162 5/6 21:30 East 0:12:26 120 0:()():20 0:()():02 Unit 10 120 9:50 PM

0901 180 5/6 21:37 East 0: 12:33 120 2:16:01 O:oo:OO UNK 105 All 1 :37 

0705 170 5/6 21:40 Mid 0: 12:36 120 0:()():28 0:()():05 Tube 050 10:08 PM

0806 201 5/6 22:05 East 0: 13:01 050 0:23:23 O:()():OO UNK 495 All 9:28 PM

loo1 168 5/6 22:13 East 0: 13:09 050 0:oo:22 0:00:03 Tube 050 10:35 PM

0605 182 5/6 23:03 East 0: 13:59 080 0:21 :56 0: 11 :00 Tube 9,495 All 8:59 PM0602 167 5/6 23:08 East 0: 14:04 080 2:07:42 0:00: 17 Tube 980 6:49 AM

oo5 175 5/6 23:09 East 0: 14:05 080 0: 10:52 0:00:00 Pipe 905 All 10:01 AMoo3 165 5/7 2:15 East 0: 17: 11 050 1:17:19 O:oo:oo Pipe 115 7:34 PM

0903 166 5/7 2:24 Mid 0: 17:20 050 1:13:24 0:00:00 Pipe 115 All 3:47 PM

0603 170 5/7 7:23 East 0:22: 19 770 I: 18:58 0:00:0 I Tube 075 2:21 AM0803 2 ()() 5/7 12:41 East 1:03:37 585 All 0:23:25 0:00: II Unit 1-4 425 All 12:06 PM

0702 185 5/7 18:44 West 1 :09:40 525 All 2:06:10 0:00:38 Tube 725 12:53 AM

, . ....

. .. 

, 
Table A3. Listing of pertinent data for all group 3 radio tagged Atlantic salmon smolts released for the Vernon Station study, spring, 1995.

Fish were released at 10:05 AM on 8 May at a water temperature of 1 1.5 C.

FISH ARRIVAL RESIDENCY PASSAGE

Time to West

Station Flow Units Total Forebay Flow Units Time

Date Time Approach (d:h:m) (cfs) Operating (d:h:m) (d:h:m) Route eratin of Da

0811 168 5/8 16:36 West 0:06:31 535 All 0:02:39 0:00:00 Unit 1- 115 7: 14 PM0907 180 5/8 16:37 Mid 0:06:32 535 All 0:01:07 . 0:00:00 Pipe 115 5:43 PM

1009 178 5/8 17:23 West 0:07:18 115 1 :04:41 0:01: 13 Tube 030 10:04 PM

0808 172. 5/8 17:33 Mid 0:07:28 115 0: 19: 15 0:03:39 Pipe 705 All 12:48 PM0807 168 5/8 17:58 East 0:07:53 115 0:02:45 0:00:01 Tube 015 All 8:42 PM

0610 173 5/8 19:19 East 0:09: 14 115 0:01:40 0:00:00 Unit 1- 015 All 8:59 PM

0908 194 5/8 19:50 Mid 0:09:45 115 0: 17:48 0:00:50 Unit 10 105 All 1 :38 

1008 195 5/8 19:51 Mid 0:09:46 115 0:00:55 0:00:02 Tube 015 All 8:46 PM

0809 203 5/8 19:52 Mid 0:09:47 115 0:01:57 0:00:00 UNK 950 All 9:49 PM0607 183 5/8 19:54 Mid 0:09:49 115 0:01: 10 0:00:00 Unit 1- 950 All 9:04 PM

0709 208 5/8 19:54 Mid 0:09:49 115 0:03: II 0:00: 15 Pipe 750 11:04 PM

-....I 0810 173 5/8 19:54 Mid 0:09:49 115 1:06:23 0:00: 11 Tube 100 2: 17 AM

0706 190 5/8 19:55 East 0:09:50 , 115 0:01:14 0:00:02 Tube. 950 All 9:09 PM

1007 190 5/8 19:55 Mid 0:09:50 115 0:0 I: II 0:00:01 Unit 10 950 All 9:05 PM

1010 197 5/8 19:55 Mid 0:09:50 115 0:00:56 0:00:00 Unit 1- 015 All 8:51 PM

0609 181 5/8 19:56 East 0:09:51 115 0:00:57 0:00:03 Tube 015 All 8:52 PM0906 177 5/8 20:06 Mid 0: 10:01 015 All 0:00:39 ' 0:00:05 Tube 015 All 8:44 PM

0608 182 5/8 21:24 West 0:11:19 950 All 0: 13:52 0:00:00 Pipe 970 All 11:16 AM

1006 195 5/8 21:39 East 0: 11 :34 950 All 0:00: 10 0:00:00 Pipe 950' All 9:49 PM

0708 174 519 0:27 Mid 0: 14:22 410 1:19:33 I :06:35 Unit 10 630 8:00 PM

0910 167 519 2:53 West 0:16:48 075 0:05:30 0:00:06 Tube 495 All 8:23 AM

0606 172 5/9 5:31 East 0: 19:26 0:70 Stationary at Spillway

0707 172 519 9:35 West 0:23:30 495 All 0:12:32 0:00:07 Unit 10 030 10:06 PM0909 172 5/9 10:21 East 1 :00: 16 10,230 All 0:11:13 . 0:00:05 Tube 900 All 9:33 PM

0710 165 No Data
Table A4. Listing of pertinent data for all group 4 radio tagged Atlantic salmon smolts released for the Vernon Station study, spring, 1995.

Fish were released at 9:40 AM on II May at a water temperature of 12 C.

FISH ARRlV AL RESIDENCY PASSAGE

Time to West

Station Flow Units Total Forebay Flow Units Time

(mm) Date Time Approach (d:h:m) . (cfs) Operating (d:h:m) (d:h:mL Route (cfs) Operating of Day

1402 185 5/11 13:53 West 0:04:13 , 110 All 0:06:45 0:00: 13 Tube 850 8:37 PM1404 186 5/11 14:46 East 0:05:06 030 All 0:01:06 0:00:00 Pipe 945 All 3:51 PM

1302 179 5/11 15:06 East 0:05:26 945 All NONE

1105 180 5/11 15:20 Mid 0:05:40 945 All 0:01: 11 0:00:36 Tube 875 4:30 PM

1101 183 5/11 15:21 Mid 0:05:41 945 All 0:04:02 0:00:00 Pipe 490 7:23 PM1502 195 5/11 15:25 East 0:05:45 945 All 0:01:33 0:00:00 Pipe 875 4:57 PM1503 190 5/11 15:25 East 0:05:45 945 All 0: 14:46 0:00:45 Tube 355 6: 11 AM

1405 195 5/11 15:26 East 0:05:46 945 All 0:01:32 O:OO:QO Pipe 875 4:57 PM

1504 182 5/11 15:26 East 0:05:46 945 All 0:03:57 0:00:00 Pipe 490 7:23 PM

1205 190 5/11 15:28 East 0:05:48 945 All 0:03:42 0:00:00 Pipe 490 7:10 PM1403 180 5/11 15:28 East 0:05:48 945 All NONE

1202 175 5/11 15:48 Mid 0:06:08 945 All 0:17:36 0:02:14 Unit 10 220 All 9:23 AM

1501 200 5/11 15:56 Mid 0:06: 16 945 All 0: 15:54 0:00:32 Unit 10 370 7:50 AM1505 183 5/11 16:14 Mid 0:06:34 875 0:00:56 0:00: Unit 875 5:10 PM1102 178 5/11 16:30 East 0:06:50 875 , 10 0: 10:07 0:00:06 Tube 355 2:37 AM

1305 190 5/11 19:22 Mid 0:09:42 490 0:08: 19 0:00:02 Tube 390 3:41 AM

1203 190 5/11 19:41 West 0: 10:01 490 Stationary Upstream

1204 194 5/11 19:57 West 0: 10: 17 490 0:02:39 0:00: 14 Tube 440 10:36 PM

1401 181 5/11 22:52 East 0: 13: 12 440 0:01 :06 0:00:07 Unit 10 395 11:57 PM

1301 181 5/12 6:21 West 0:20:41 355 0:00:58 0:00: 18 Tube 370 7:19 AM

1104 178 5/12 7:03 Mid 0:21:23 370 0: 12:54 0:09:06 Tube 910 7:56 PM

1103 186 5/12 8:10 Mid 0:22:30 10,030 All 0:01:14 0:00:24 Tube 220 All 9:24 AM

1303 186 5/12 9:24 West 0:23:44 10,220 All 1: 11 :27 0:04:20 Tube 495 8:50 PM

1201 178 5/12 9:30 West 0:23:50 220 All 0:02:21 0:00:00 Pipe 015 All 11:51 AM1304 180 5/12 10:20 East 1 :00:40 095 All 0:05:23 0:05:04 Unit 10 790 All 3:43 PM

,

,
Table A5. Listing of pertinent data for all group 5 radio tagged Atlantic salmon smolts released for the Vernon Station study, spring, 1995.

Fish were released at 9: 10 AM on 13 May at a water temperature of 12. 5 C.

FISH ARRIV AL RESIDENCY PASSAGE

Time to West

Station Flow Units Total Forebay Flow Units Time

(mm) Date Time Approach (d:h:m) (cfs) Operating (d:h:m) (d:h:m) Route (crs) Operating of Day

1604 190 5/13 13:26 East 0:04: 16 8,485 0: 13:55 0:00:02 Unit 10 725 3:20 AM1605 186 5/13 13:32 East 0:04:22 485 0:01:55 0:01:31 Unit 10 535 3:27 PM

1904 186 5/13 13:36 East 0:04:26 485 0:06:44 0:00:09 Pipe 495 8:20 PM

1902 180 5/13 13:37 East 0:04:27 485 0:07: 15 0:02: 19 Tube 495 8:51 PM

1903 185 5/13 13:45 East 0:04:35 8,485 UNK

1102 185 5/13 13:46 East 0:04:36 485 0:04:53 0:00:05 Unit 10. 195 6:39 PM

200 I 186 5/13 13:48 East 0:04:38 485 1:00:50 0:00:00 Pipe 400 2:37 PM

2003 185 5/13 13:48 East 0:04:38 485 0: 17:47 0:00:00 Pipe 785 7:34 AM

1905 189 5/13 13:49 East 0:04:39 485 Stationary in Spillway Area

1603 178 5/13 16:28 Mid 0:07: 18 205 0:03:55 0:01 :33 Pipe 495 8:23 PM

1705 189 5/13 16:35 East 0:07:25 205 0:02: 16 0:00:01 Unit 10 195 6:51 PM

1801 186 5/13 16:36 East 0:07:26 205 0:03:40 0:0 1:26 Tube 495 8:16 PM

1802 198 5/13 16:36 Mid 0:07:26 205 0:03:41 0:01 :27 Unit 10 495 8:16 PM

1602 190 5/13 16:37 Mid 0:07 :27 205 0:03:49 0:01 :35 Unit 10 2,495 8:25 PM

1804 184 5/13 16:38 Mid 0:07:28 205 0:04:06 0:01 :43 Tube 495 8:43 PM

1805 180 5/13 16:38 Mid 0:07:28 205 0:09:05 0:06:51 Tube 825 I :43 AM

2004 194 5/13 16:39 Mid 0:07:29 205 0:04: 11 0:02:00 Unit 10 495 8:50 PM

2005 185 5/13 16:39 East 0:07:29 205 9, 10 0:07:42 0:05:31 Tube 825 12:20 AM

1703 189 5/13 16:40 Mid 0:07:30 205 0:09: 10 0:07:00 Tube 825 1:49 AM

2002 187 5/13 16:42 Mid 0:07:32 205 0:05:03 0:02:55 Tube 510 9:45 PM

1803 201 5/13 19:21 Mid 0: 10: 11 590 1:01:46 0:00:01 Unit 10 945 9:07 PM1701 190 5/13 20:41 Mid 0: 11 :31 495 2:22:30 0:01 :48 Unit 10 540 . All 7:11 PM

1104 190 5/13 22:11 East 0:13:07, 2,495 0:00:21 0:00:03 Tube 495 10:37 PM

1601 173 No Data

1901 187 No Data

 

.. ,_..., ...,
Table A6. Listing of pertinent data for all group 6 radio tagged Atlantic salmon smolts released for the Vernon Station study, spring, 1995.

Fish were released at 9:41 AM on 15 May at a water temperature of J3 C.

FISH ARRIVAL RESIDENCY PASSAGE

Time to West

Station Flow Units Total Forebay Flow Units Time

(mmt Date Time Approach (d:h:m) (cfs) Operating (d:h:m) (d:h:m) Route (cfs) Operating of Day

1412 200 5/15 12:56 Mid 0:03: 15 695 All 0: 11 :53 0: 11 :21 Tube 210 12:49 AM1169 204 5/15 13:54 West 0:04:13 110 All Stationary Upstream1312 195 5/15 14:06 Mid 0:04:25 525 All 0:06: 18 0:05:05 Tube 815 8:23 PM

1411 178 5/15 17:27 West 0:07:46 255 0;09:56 0:09:25 Unit 10 270 3:23 AM

1313 185 5/15 17:44 Mid 0:08:03 255 0:06: 17 0:00:01 Unit 10 270 12:01 AM

1514 190 5/15 18: 16 East 0:08:35 730 0:03:45 0:00:00 Unit 1-4 290 10:01 PM

1513 195 5/15 20:22 Mid 0: 10:41 815 0:01:47 0:00:00 Pipe 290 10:09 PM

1511 185 5/15 23:19 Mid 0: 13:38 305 0:01:24 0:00:00 Unit 1-4 210 12:42 AM

1207 195 5/16 2:40 Mid 0: 16:59 270 0:09:20 0:05:52 Unit 10 600 12:00 PM

1314 190 5/16 4:25 Mid 0: 18:44 165 0:20: 13 0:04:47 Tube 765 12:38 AM

1515 175 5/16 8:23 West 0:22:42 805 0: 15:05 0:00:00 Pipe 540 All 11:21 PM

1415 220 5/16 12:03 East :02:22 105 :00:46 0: 15:37 Tube 810 All 12:49 PM1512 181 5/16 15:12 East :05:31 110 All 0:07:23 0:00:03 Unit 10 495 All 10:34 PM

1414 208 Entrained at Vermont Yankee

1315 185 No Data

1413 200 No Data

., 

 .,

'm" 
Table A 7 LIsting of pertinent data for all radio tagged Atlantic salmon smoIts which passed Bellows Falls Station and were monitored at Vernon Station

spring, 1995.

FISH PASSED BELLOWS ARRIV AL RESIDENCY PASSAGE

Time to West

Water Station Flow Units Total Forebay Flow Units Time

(nun) Date Time Temp(C) Date Time Approach (d:h:m) (cfs) Operating (d:h:m) (d:h:m) Route cfs eratin of 

0307 218 5/3 11:57 10. 5/8 2:52 East 4: 14:55 045 NONE

0407 185 5/3 11:58 10. 515 11:35 Mid :i3:37 465 NONE

0508 204 5/3 11:58 10. 516 3:53 Mid 2: 15:55 085 1:12:37 0:00:00 Pipe 10,005 All 4:30 

0511 186 5/3 12:05 10. 5/7 19:18 East 4:07:13 495 All 1:20:54 0:00:00 Pipe 515 4: 11 PM

0109 194 5/3 12:07 10. 516 20:56 East 3:08:49 050 0:00:39 0:00:00 Pipe 120 9:35 PM

0209 185 5/3 12: 11 10. 516 13:14 East 3:01 :03 120 3:07:05 0: 12:48 Tube 900 All 8: 18 PM

0207 190 5/3 12:54 10. 516 9:19 Mid 2:20:25 330 0:08:37 0:00:02 Tube 120 5:56 PM

0411 210 513 16:28 10. 516 20:54 East 3:04:26 050 0:03: 10 0:00:23 Tube 980 12:03 AM

0208 208 5/3 18:04 10. 516 8:35 Mid 2: 14:31 150 0:06:59 0:06:30 Tube 080 3:33 PM

0111 184 5/3 20:41 10. 5/6 11:37 Mid 2: 14:56 720 0:11:53 0:00:07 Tube 080 11:29 PM

0114 210 515 10:45 5/7 19: 17 Mid 2:08:32 495 All 0:01:33 0:00:00 Unit 1-4 495 All 8:49 PM0213 170 515 11:13 11.0 516 23:31 East 1: 12: 18 080 0:06:38 0:00:21 Tube 045 6:09 AM

0113 175 515 11:17 11.0 5/7 19:15 Mid 2:07:58 495 All 1: 16:30 0: 14:04 Pipe 970 All 11:44 AM

00302 192 515 11:23 11.0 5/7 16:21 East 2:05:04 005 All 1: 16:50 0:01 :46 Unit 10 495 All 9: 17 AM

....

0515 119 515 11:29 11.0 5/8 0:25 East 2: 12:56 100 NONE

0613 198 515 11:40 11.0 5/8 2:24 East 2:14:44 045 1:17:57 0:00:20 Pipe 900 All 8:20 PM

0212 172 515 11:43 11.0 5/7 19:18 East 2:07:35 495 All 1:20:23 0:00:00 Pipe 990 3:41 PM0313 180 515 11:43 11.0 5/1 21:45 East 2: 10:02 495 All 0:09:08 0:07:01 Tube 445 All 8:53 AM

0214 172 515 11:43 11.0 5/7 23:30 East 2: 11 :47 750 0:23:24 0:00:29 Tube 610 10:54 PM

0312 205 515 11:43 11. 519 8:43 Mid 3:21:00 495 All 0: 11 :37 0:00:00 Pipe 900 All 8:20 PM

0112 178 515 12:40 11. 5/7 23:15 East 2:10:35 750 0: 19: 11 0:07: 15 Unit 10 525 6:25 PM

0115' 182 515 13:12 11.0 5/7 14:40 Mid 2:01:28 945 All 2:05:39 0:00:00 Pipe 900 All 8:18 PM

0315 180 515 13:40 11.0 5/7 21:39 Mid 2:07:59 495 All 0: 13:34 0:01:39 Unit 10 535 All 11:12 AM

1111 185 5/10 12:21 12. 5/12 16:04 East 2:03:43 10,260 All 0:04: 15 0:02:21 Tube 400 8:18 PM

0814 198 5/10 12:23 12. 5/13 15:09 Mid 3:02:46 538 1, 0:00:37 0:00:04 Unit 535 1 3:45 PM

1108 200 5/12 11:57 12. 5/15 10:35 West 2:22:38 110 All 0:02:28 0:00:01 Tube 10, 110 All 1:02 PM1410 188 5/12 12:02 12. 5/15 8:40 West 2:20:38 905 All NONE1214 184 5/12 12:02 12. 5/16 16:31 Mid 4:04:29 495 All 0:00:28 0:00:01 Unit 10 495 All 4:58 PM1107 188 5/12 12:03 12. 5/14 22:12 West 2: 10:09 970 3,4, 0:01:31 0:00:03 Tube 945 11:43 PM

1109 188 5/12 12:29 12. 5/14 18:59 West 2:06:30 380 0:01:36 0:00:13 Unit 10 315 8:35 PM

1209 185 5/12 12:43 12. 5/15 11:31 Mid, 2:22:48 540 All 0:09:08 0:00:00 Pipe 815 1, 8:39 PM

1210 188 5/13. 3:40 12. 5/18 11:02 Mid 5:07:22 10, 185 All 0:08:59 0:00:00 Pipe 570 All 8:01 PM

~__H -'

_. _.,. 
Table A 7 Coot.

FISH PASSED BELLOWS ARRIVAL RESIDENCY PASSAGE

Time to West

Water Station Flow Unils Total Forebay Flow Units Time

(mm) Date Time Temp(C) Date Time Approach (d:h:m) (eCs) Operating (d:h:m) (d:h:m) Route eCs ratin of Da

1809 190 5/14 15:09 13.5 5/16 14:48 Mid 1 :23:39 125 All 0:05: 18 0:01:42 Unit 10 10,110 All 8:05 PM

1606 200 5/14 15:11 13. 5/18 6:50 West 3: 15:39 715 All 0:06:36 0:01:21 Tube 240 All 1:26 PM

1607 195 5/14 15: 15 13. 5/16 14:48 Mid 1 :23:33 125 All 0:05:23 0:02:10 Tube 110 All 8: 10 PM

1709 178 5/14 15:22 13. 5/16 10:10 Mid 1:18:48 090 1, 0:09:36 0:00:06 Unit 10 540 All 7:46 PM

2009 191 5/14 15:22 13. 5/17 22:10 East 3:06:48 905 All 0:21:25 0:00:00 Pipe 005 All 7:34 PM

2010 210 5/14 16:02 13. 5/16 16:54 East 2:00:52 495 . All 0:01:30 0:00:21 Unit 10 480 All 6:24 PM

1808 207 5/14 20:08 13. 5/16 16:35 East 1:20:27 495 All 0:03:56 0:02:53 Tube 10, 110 All 8:31 PM

1707 180 5/16 0:28 13. 5/17 22:14 Mid 1:21:46 905 All 0: 14:39 0:00:05 Unit 10 715 All 12:53 PM1913 203 5/16 10:24 13. 5/18 6:50 West 1 :20:26 715 All 0:14:26 0:09:12 Tube 030 All 9:16 PM

2012 188 5/16 10:25 13. 5/17 23:53 Mid 1:13:28 10, 175 All 0:00:26 0:00:01 Unit 10 250 All 12:18 AM

1613 198 5/16 10:25 13. 5/18 7:12 East 1 :20:47 715 All 0:04:22 0:00:07 Tube 10, 185 All 11:33 AM

1615 190 5/16 10:26 13. 5119 5:34 West 2: 19:08 120 All 0:05:34 0:02: 14 Tube 945 All 11:08 AM

.. 1830 205 5/16 10:28 13. 5/18 15:09 Mid 2:04:41 225 All 0:02:04 0:00:07 Tube 10,570 All 5:13 PM

1712 186 5/16 10:28 13. 5119 4:36 Mid 2:18:08 10,005 All 0:17:23 0: 12:59 Tube 905 All 8:59 PM

~813 182 5/16 10:30 13. 5/18 19:58 Mid 2:09:28 005 All 0:01:05 0:00:01 Tube 10,030 All 9:03 PM

~614 186 5/16 10:55 13. 5117 17:00 West 1:06:05 905 All 0:03: 16 0:01:22 Tube 10, 180 All 8:15 PM

1711 187 5116 10:55 13. 5/18 6:30 Mid 1:19:35 715 All 0:09: 19 0:00: 11 Tube 225 All 3:48 PM1612 191 5/16 10:55 13. 5/19 1:10 West 2:14:15 10,560 All 0:00:47 0:00:08 Unit 9 10,560 All 1:57 AM

1911 192 5/16 13:51 13. 5/18 16:44 East 2:02:53 450 All 0:04:26 0:00:00 Pipe 10,030 All 9:10 PM

.

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