# Air Resources Board Mary 

### D. Nichols, Chairman

10011 Street P.O. Box 2815 LindaS. Adams Sacramento,California 9581 2 www.arb.ca.gov Arnold Schwarzenegger Secretaryfor Governor EnvironmentalProtection



### September 16, 2010

Ms. DeborahJordan, Director Air Division U.S. Environmental ProtectionAgency Region 

### 9 75 HawthorneStreet San Francisco, California 941 05 Dear Ms. Jordan: 

### Iam writing to underscorethe important role that the California Regional Particulate MatterAir Quality Study (Study) has played inthe development of the 2008 PM2.5 State Implementation Plan (SIP) for the San Joaquin Valley. The $27 rr~illion study was a landmark example of collaborative environmental management that has providedthe most advanced scientific understandingavailable for SIP development. This state-ofthe-science effort significantlyadvanced our understanding of the nature 

### of PM2.5 inthe Valley and the control approach needed to providefor attainment of federal standards. Data collected at over 100 monitoring sites has resulted in a publicly availabledatabase containing over 180,000,000 records and a comprehensivewebsite provides study documentation and reports. To date, over 60 papers have been published in peerreviewed journals such as Atmospheric Environment, Environmental Science and Technology, and the Journal of the Air and Waste Management Association. In addition, over 50 presentations have been given at national and international conferences. Attachment A provides the extensive Study bibliography. Data and findings from the Study provided a rigorous basis for the attainment demonstration modeling conductedfor the SIP byAir Resources Board staff. This was further supplemented by extensive modeling by academic researchers which further corroborate the SIP modeling results. United States EnvironmentalProtection Agency (U.S. EPA) staff has been active participants over the last fifteen years in boththe Policy and Technical Corr~mittees where frequent updates on study findings have been presented. Results from the Study have already been relied upon by U.S. EPA in previous rulemakings for PMIO inthe San Joaquin Valley. For example, in 2004 (Federal RegisterNol.69, No. 102 1 

### Wednesday, May 26, 2004), U.S. EPA concluded that VOC's were not a significant precursorfor PMIO ammonium nitrateformation, citing work conducted as part of the Study (Attachment B). Additional Study analyses coriducted since that time have further refinedand continueto support EPA's findings.

The energy challenge facing California is real. Every Californian needs to take immediate action to reduce energyconsumption. For a list ofsimple ways you can reduce demand and cutyour energy costs, see our website: 

### California Environmental ProtectionAgency
Printedon Recycled Paper

### Ms. Deborah Jordan, Director September 16,2010 Page 2

We appreciate U.S. EPA's ongoirlg support of this important Study and we wo~~ld be happy to provide 

### a briefing for the Regional Administrator on the key findings and how they have supported the San JoaquinValley PM2.5 SIP. Ifyou have any questions, pleasecontact LynnTerry, Deputy Executive Officer at (916) 322-2739, or via email at

Sincerely,

James N. ~oldpne Executive Offi er Attachments

cc: Ms. Lynn Terry Deputy Executive Officer

### ATTACHMENTA

CALIFORNIA REGIONAL 

### PM101PM2.5 AIR QUALITY STUDY PUBLICA1'IONS

1. Roth, P. M. et al., 1993, "A Proposed PM-10 Program for the San Joaquin Valley", prepared by Envair for the San Joaquin Valleywide Air Pollution Study Agency.


### 2. Gray, H.A. et al. 1995, "San Joaquin Valley Regional PMIO Study Technical Support Study 5A: Characterizing Micrometeorological Phenomena: Mixing and Diffusion in LowWind Speed Stable Conditions", prepared by Systems Applications Internationalfor the San Joaquin Valleywide Air Pollution Study Agency.
3. Gillies, J. et al., 1995, "Literature Review Plan for the San Joaquin Valley Regional Particulate Study Technical Support Study No. 5: Particle Resuspension", prepared by the Desert Research lnstitutefor the San Joaquin Valleywide Air Pollution Study Agency.
4. Gillies, J. et al., 1995, "Resuspension of Particlesby the Wind: A Literature Review for the San Joaquin Valley Regional Particulate Study Technical Support Study No. 5: Particle Resuspension", prepared by the Desert Research lnstitute for the San Joaquin Valleywide Air Pollution StudyAgency.
5. 

### Gillies, J. et al., 1996, "Resuspension of Particles by the Wind: Research lnitiatives for California Regional Particulate Study Technical Support Study No. 5: 

### Particle Resuspension", prepared by the Desert Research lnstitute for the San Joaquin Valleywide Air Pollution Study Agency. 6. Gillies, J. et al., 1996, "Resuspension of Particles by the Wind: Modeling, DataAnalysis Initiatives for California Regional Particulate Study Technical Support Study No. 5: Particle Resuspension", prepared by the Desert Research lnstitute for the San Joaquin Valleywide Air Pollution StudyAgency.


### 7. Hagan, C, et al., 1996, "California Regional PMIOAir Quality Study: Emissions Modeling Plan", prepared by Envair for the San Joaquin Valleywide Air Pollution Study Agency.
8. Roth, P. M. et al., 1996, "Revisions to Cost Estimates for the Central California Fine Particle Study", prepared by Envair for the San Joaquin Valleywide Air Pollution StudyAgency. 9. Watson, J. et al., 1996, "Data Analysis Activitiesfor the 1995 Integrated Monitoring Study (IMS95) of the California Regional Particulate Matter Study (CRPAQS)", prepared by Desert Research lnstitute for the San Joaquin Valleywide Air Pollution Study Agency. 10. Kumar, N,et al., 1996, "User's Guideto the UAM-AERO Model", prepared by 

### SonomaTechnology Inc. for the San Joaquin ValleywideAir Pollution Study Agency.
11. Kumar, N. et al., 1996, "User's Guide to the Speciated Rollback Model for Particulate Matter", prepared by Sonoma Technology Inc.for the San Joaquin Valleywide Air Pollution Study Agency.12. Lurmann, F. et al., 1996, "PMI0 Air Quality Modelsfor Application inthe San Joaquin Valley PMIO SIP", prepared by Sonoma Technology, Inc. for the San Joaquin Valleywide Air Pollution Study Agency. 13. Lehrman, D. E. et al., 1996, "SARIVIAP II Design: Analysis of the San Joaquin Valley Meteorological Environment During High PMI0 Loading", prepared by Technical & Business Systems, Inc. for the San Joaquin ValleywideAir Pollution Study Agency. 14. Rogge, 

### W., 1996, "Feasibility of Using Organic Tracers for Tracking the Fate of Primary and Secondary Aerosols from Combustion Sources", prepared by Florida lnternational University for the San Joaquin Valleywide Air Pollution Study Agency.
15. Chinkin, L. R. et al., 1996, "FinalWorkplan for Evaluation and Improvement of Methods for Determining Ammonia Emissions inthe San Joaquin Valley Technical Support Study 

### 5", prepared by Sonoma Technology, Inc. for the San Joaquin Valleywide Air Pollution Study Agency. 16.Chinkin, L. R., 1996, "CRPAQS TSSI5: Task 

### 3, Initial Ammonia Inventory for the San Joaquin Valley", prepared by Sonoma Technology, Inc.for the San Joaquin ValleywideAir Pollution Study Agency.
17.Chinkin, L. R. et al., 1996, "Review of Current Methodologies for Estimating Ammonia Emissions", prepared by Sonoma Technology, Inc. for the San Joaquin Valleywide Air Pollution Study Agency: 18. Watson, J. G. et al., 1996, "Final Study Planfor: Effectiveness Demonstrationof Fugitive Dust Control Methods for Public Unpaved Roads and Unpaved Shoulders on Paved Roads", prepared by the Desert Research Institutefor the San Joaquin Valleywide Air Pollution Study Agency. 19. Watson, 

### J. 

### G. et al., 1996, "Final Report: Effectiveness Demonstrationof Fugitive Dust Control Methods for Public Unpaved Roads and Unpaved Shoulders on Paved Roads", prepared by Desert Research lnstitute for the San Joaquin Valleywide Air Pollution Study Agency. 20. Solomon, P.A. et al., 1996, "1995 lntegrated Monitoring Study: Objectives and Design", presented at the 1996 U.S. EPA/A&WMA lnternational Symposium on Measurement of Toxic and Related Air Pollutants, Research Triangle Park, NC. 21. Magliano, K.L. et al., 1996, "1995 lntegrated Monitoring Study: Temporal Variability of Particulate Matter 

## - Preliminary Results", presented at the 1996 U.S. EPNA&WMA lnternational Symposium on Measurementof Toxic and RelatedAir Pollutants, Research Triangle Park, NC. 22. Solomon, P.A. et al., 1996, "1995 lntegrated Monitoring Study: Spatial and Temporal Variability of PMIO Duringthe Fall Saturation Study 

### - Preliminary Results", presented at the 1996 U.S. EPNA&WMA International Symposium on Measurement of Toxicand RelatedAir Pollutants, ResearchTriangle Park, NC. 

### 23. Coe, D. et al., 1996, "EmissionActivity Measurement During the Fall andd Winter IMS95 Components

## - Preliminary Results", presented at the 1996 U.S. EPA/A&WMA

### lnternational Symposium on Measurement of Toxicand Related Air Pollutants, Research Triangle Park, NC. 24. Bush, D.H. et al., 1996, "IMS95 Winter Study 

### - Quality Assurance", presented at the 1996 

### U.S. EPA,A&WMA lnternational Symposium on Measurement of Toxic and Related Air Pollutants, Research Triangle Park, NC. 25. Collett, J. et al., 1996, "1995 lntegrated Monitoring Study: Fog Measurements in the Southern Valley 

## - Preliminary Results", presentedat the 1996 

### U.S. EPA/A&WMA lnternational Symposium on Measurement of Toxic and Related Air Pollutants, Research Triangle Park, NC. 26. Collett, J. et al., 1996, "1995 lntegrated Monitoring Study: Fog Measurements in the Northern Valley 

## - Preliminary Results",.presentedat the 1996 

### U.S. EPA/A&WMA lnternational Symposium on Measurement of Toxic and RelatedAir Pollutants, Research Triangle Park, NC.


### 27. Gray, H.A., 1996, "1995 lntegrated Monitoring Study: Low Wind Speed Study

## - Preliminary Results", presented at the 1996 

### U.S. EPA/A&WMA lnternational Symposium on Measurement of Toxicand Related Air Pollutants, Research Triangle Park, NC. 

### 28. Lindsey, C. et al., 1996, "Data Collected by a Network of Radar Profilers, Rawinsonde Sounding Stations, and Surface Meteorological Monitoring Sites During IMS95", prepared by Sonoma Technology Inc. for the San Joaquin Valleywide Air Pollution Study Agency.
29. Barnett, A. et al., 1996, "lntegrated MeasurementsStudy 

## - 1995Audit Program Final Report", prepared by Aerovironment EnvironmentalServices Inc.for the San Joaquin Valleywide Air Pollution Study Agency. 30. Bush, D.et al., 1996, "IMS95Winter Study Meteorological Measurements Audits", prepared by Aerovironment Environmental Services, Inc.for the San Joaquin ValleywideAir Pollution Study Agency. 31. Ashbaugh, L.A. et al., 1996, "Road Silt Loadings in the San Joaquin Valley During IMS-95", prepared by U.C. Davisfor the San JoaquinValleywide Air Pollution Study Agency. 32. Wilson, M., 1996, "Traffic Counts in Support of the 1995 lntegrated Monitoring Study", prepared by WILTEC for the San JoaquinValleywide Air Pollution Study Agency.
33. Wilson, M., 1996, "Traffic Counts in Support of the 1995 lntegrated Monitoring Study -Axle Classification Counts", prepared by WILTEC. 34. Coe, D. et al., 1996, "IMS95 DailyActivity Surveys", prepared by Sonoma Technology Inc.for the San JoaquinValleywide Air Pollution Study Agency. 35. Roberts, P. et al., 1996, "Collectionof Continuous Gas-Phase Data at Two Sites During IMS95", prepared by Sonoma Technology Inc.for the San Joaquin Valleywide Air Pollution Study Agency. 36. Westerinin, A. et at., 1996, "FinalAudit Results for the lntegrated Monitoring Study1', prepared by the Air Resources Boardfor the San Joaquin Valleywide Air Pollution StudyAgency.37. Watson, J. G. et al., 1997, "The Fugitive Dust Characterization Study (FDCS): Potential Methods and Research Needs for Receptor Methodsto Distinguish Among Fugitive Dust Sources", prepared by Desert Research lnstitute for the San Joaquin Valleywide Air Pollution Study Agency.
38. Watson, J. G. et al., 1997, "Analysis of Historical PM10 and PM2.5 Measurements in Central California", prepared by Desert Research lnstitute for the San Joaquin Valleywide Air Pollution Study Agency. 39. Ondov, J., 1997, "Technical Support Study No. 13: Feasibility of Using Rare Earth Isotope and Activatable Tracers for Tracking the Fate of Primary and Secondary Aerosols from Combustion Sources", prepared by John Ondov for the San Joaquin Valleywide Air Pollution Study Agency.
40. Pankratz, D., 1997, "Quality Assurance Project Planfor Evaluation and Improvement of Methods for Determining Ammonia Emissions inthe San Joaquin Valley", prepared by Aerovironment for the San Joaquin Valleywide Air Pollution Study Agency. 41. Richards, 

### L. W., 1997, "Technical Support Study 11

### : lnvestigating the Dynamics and Chemistry of Fog Formation and Dissipation

## - Literature Review", prepared by Sonoma Technology Inc. for the San Joaquin Valleywide Air Pollution Study Agency.
42. Collett, J. et al., 1997, "Technical Support Study 11: lnvestigating the Dynamics and Chemistry of Fog Formation and Dissipation 

### - San Joaquin Valley Fog Measurements During the 1995 lntegrated Monitoring Study", prepared by Colorado State University for the San Joaquin Valleywide Air Pollution Study Agency.
43. Pankratz, D. et al., 1997, "Measurements Reportfor High Resolution Meteorological Monitoring in the San Joaquin Valley1',prepared by Aerovironment Environmental Service Inc. for the San Joaquin Valleywide Air Pollution Study Agency. 44. Pandis, S. et al., 1997, "Technical Support Study 11: lnvestigating the Dynamics and Chemistry of Fog Formation and Dissipation Paper Copies of References Cited inthe Review of Literature on Fogs", prepared by Carnegie Mellon University for the San Joaquin Valleywide Air Pollution Study Agency.
45. Richards, L. W, et al., 1997, "Technical Support Study 11: lnvestigating the Dynamics and Chemistry of Fog Formation and Dissipation Phase II Report Measurement at the Candalabra Tower", prepared by SonomaTechnology Inc. for the San Joaquin Valleywide Air Pollution Study Agency. 46. Pandis, S. et al., 1997, "Technical Support Study 11: lnvestigating the Dynamics and Chemistry of Fog Formation and Dissipation Fog Modeling", prepared by Carnegie Mellon University for the San Joaquin Valleywide Air Pollution Study Agency.
47. Chow, J. C. et al., 1997, "San Joaquin Valley 1995 lntegrated Monitoring Study: Documentation, Evaluation, and Descriptive DataAnalysis of PMI0, PM2.5 and Precursor Gas Measurements Technical Support Studies No. 4 and 8", prepared by the Desert Research lnstitute for the San Joaquin Valleywide Air Pollution Study Agency.

### 48. Chow, J. C. et al., 1997, "Size-resolved Particle and Light Extinction Measurements During IMS95", presented at the A&WMA Visual Air Quality

## - Aerosols and Global Radiation Balance Conference, Bartlett, N

### H. 49. Solomon, P.A. et al., 1997. "Operational Field Monitoring Plan for the 199511 996 lntegrated Monitoring Study (IMS95) of the California Regional PMIOAir Quality Study (CRPAQS), Post FieldVersion, Draft Report", prepared by Pacific Gas & 

### Electric Company for the San Joaquin Valleywide Air Pollution Study Agency. 50. Solomon, P.A. et al., 1997, "Site Description Report for the 1995 lntegrated Monitoring Study (IMS95) of the California Regional PMIOAir Quality Study (CRPAQS), Post Field Version, Final Report", prepared by Pacific Gas & 

### Electric Company for the San Joaquin Valleywide Air PollutionStudy Agency. 51. Fitz, D., 1997, "Evaluation and Improvement of Methods for Determining Ammonia Emissions in the San Joaquin Valley Field Data Report", prepared by University of California, Riverside CE-CERT for the San Joaquin Valleywide Air Pollution Study Agency. 52. McDade, C., 1997, "lms95 DataAnalysis DraftWork Planfor Work Elements 7.3, 7.4, 7.5", prepared by ENSR Consulting& 

### Engineering for the San Joaquin Valleywide Air Pollution Study Agency. 53. Magliano, 

### K. L., 1997, "Work Planfor Chemical Mass Balance Modeling of IMS95 Data", prepared by the California Air Resources Board for the San Joaquin Valleywide Air Pollution Study Agency. 54. Blanchard, C., 1997, "California Regional PMIOAir Quality Study 1995 lntegrated Monitoring Study Data Analysis CombinedWorkplanfor Tasks 4.2.1 and4.5.6", prepared by Envairfor the San Joaquin Valleywide Air Pollution Study Agency.
55. Chinkin, L. 

### R. et al., 1997, "IMS 95 Data Analysis Workplans for Tasks 4.1.2, 4.5.1, 4.5.3, 4.6.1, 4.6.2, 4.7.1, and 4.7.2", prepared by Sonoma Technology, Inc.for the San Joaquin Valleywide Air Pollution Study Agency. 56. Collins, J., 1997, "IMS95 Data Analysis Workplan for Work Element 3.3 Boundaries and Backgrounds", prepared by the Universityof California, Riverside, CE-CERT for the San Joaquin Valleywide Air Pollution Study Agency.
57. Collet, J., 1997, "~&k Plan for Work Element4.6.711,prepared by Colorado State University for the San Joaquin Valleywide Air Pollution Study Agency. 58. Collet, J., 1997, "Work Plan for Work Element4.6.8", prepared by Colorado State University for the San Joaquin Valleywide Air Pollution Study Agency. 59. Pandis, S., 1997, "Work Plan for Work Element4.6.4", prepared by Carnegie Mellon Universityfor the San Joaquin Valleywide Air Pollution Study Agency. 60. "Lehrman, D. L., 

### 1997, "Work Planfor IMS95Analysis Elements 2.2.2 and 2.2.3", prepared by Technical & 

### Business Systems, Inc. for the San Joaquin Valleywide Air Pollution Study Agency.61. McDade, C. E., 1997, "Draft Final Report IM95 Data Analysis Work Elements 7.3 Contributions of Chemical Constituentsto Visibility Reduction, 7.4 Contributions of Chemical Constituents to Light Extinction Budget, 7.5 Contributions of Emission Sources to Light Extinction Budget", prepared by ENSR Consulting and Engineering for the San Joaquin Valleywide Air Pollution Study Agency.
62. Chinkin, L. 

### R. et al., 1998, "Use of Ambient Data to Evaluate a Regional Emission lnventory in the San Joaquin Valley", presented at the A&WMA PM2.5: A Fine Particle Standard Conference, Long Beach, CA. 63. Coe, D. L. et al., 1998, "Technical Support Study 15: Evaluation and Improvement of Methods for Determining Ammonia Emissions inthe San Joaquin Valley Final Report", prepared by Sonoma Technology, Inc. for the San Joaquin Valleywide Air Pollution Study'Agency. 64. Hackney, R. A. et at., 1998, "Meteorological Data Analysis of Surface, UpperAir, and Synoptic Conditions during the lntegrated Monitoring System 1995 (IMS95) Study Period, from November 1995 through January 1996", presented at the A&WMA PM2.5: A Fine Particle Standard Conference, Long Beach, CA. 65. Hughes,V. et al., 1998, "Development of the Baseline PM-10 Emissions Inventory for Modeling and Data Analysis of the IMS-95 Wintertime Field Study", presented at the A&WMA PM2.5: A Fine Particle Standard Conference, Long Beach, CA.
66. Hoag, K. et al., 1998, "lntegrated Monitoring Study 1995: Variations in Fog Chemistry as a Function of Drop Size and Their Effects on Aerosol Processing", presented at the A&WMA PM2.5: A Fine Particle Standard Conference, Long Beach, CA.
67. Collett, J. L. et at., 1998, "lntegrated Monitoring Study 1995: The Effect of InternalAcid Buffering on Aerosol Formation in San Joaquin Valley Fogs", presented at the A&WMA PM2.5: 

### A Fine Particle Standard Conference, Long Beach, CA. 68. Schauer, J. J. et al., 1998, "Source Apportionment of Wintertime Gas-Phase and Particle-Phase Air Pollutants Using Organic Compounds as Tracers", presentedat the A&WMA PM2.5:A Fine Particle Standard Conference, Long Beach, CA. 69. Kaduwela, A. P. et al., 1998, "Numerical Simulation of Particulate Matter inthe San Joaquin Valley: Application of UAM-AERO to the January 4-6, 1996Winter Episode", presented at the A&WMA PM2.5: A Fine Particle Standard Conference, Long Beach, CA.
70. Magliano, K. L. et al., 1998, "Chemical Mass Balance Modeling of the 1995 lntegrated Monitoring Study Database", presented at the A&WMA PM2.5: 

### A Fine Particle Standard Conference, Long Beach, CA. 71. Coe, D. L. et al., 1998, "The Use of a Day-Specific Source Activity Database to Augment CMB Source Apportionment Modeling", presented at the A&WMA PM2.5:A Fine Particle Standard Conference; Long Beach, CA.
72. Kumar, N. et al., 1998, "Evaluation of Gas-Aerosol Phase Distribution of Nitrogen and Sulfur in the IMS95 Winter Study", presented at the A&WMA PM2.5: A Fine Particle Standard Conference, Long Beach, CA.73. Richards, L. 

### W. et al., 1998, "1995 lntegrated Monitoring Study: Comparison of Light Scattering Measurements During Winter in the San Joaquin Valley", presented at the 

### A&WMA PM2.5: A Fine Particle Standard Conference, Long Beach, CA.
74. Dye, 

### T. S. et al., 1998, "Mixing Depth Structure and Evolution Durirlgthe Wintertime inthe San Joaquin Valley as Diagnosed from Upper-Air Meteorological Data", presentedat the 

### A& WMA PM2.5:A Fine Particle Standard Conference, Long Beach, CA.
75. McDade, C. et al., 1998, "Optical Properties of the San Joaquin Valley Aerosol Collected During the 1995 lntegrated Monitoring Study", presented at the 

### A&WMA PM2.5 : 

### A Fine Particle Standard Conference, Long Beach, CA.
76. Solomon, P.A. et al., 1998, "Overview of the 1995 lntegrated Monitoring Study: Field Study, Data Analysis, and Modeling", presented at the 

### A&WMA PM2.5:A Fine Particle Standard Conference,; Long Beach, CA.
77. Collett, J. L. et al., 1998, "1995 lntegrated Monitoring Study: Measurements at Several Heights on a 

### TV Tower During Fog Events in the San Joaquin Valley", presented at the 

### A&WMA PM2.5: A Fine Particle Standard Conference, Long Beach, CA.
78. Blanchard, C. L. et al., 1998, "Spatial andTemporal Variability of Particulate Concentrations and Composition as Measured in Four Saturation Monitoring Networks During the 1995 lntegrated Monitoring Study in the San Joaquin Valley, California", presented at the 

### A&WMA PM2.5:A Fine Particle Standard Conference, Long Beach, CA.
79. Collett, J. L. et al., 1998, "Final Report: 1MS95 DataAnalysis Work Element 4.6.8 How Does Acidification of Drops DuetoAqueous Phase Acid Production Limit Aerosol Formation in Fog Drops", prepared by Colorado State University for the San Joaquin Valleywide Air Pollution Study Agency. 80. Collett, J. L. et al., 1998, "Final Report: IMS95 DataAnalysis Work Element 4.6.7 The Influence of Drop Size-Dependent Fog Chemistry on Aerosol Production and Deposition in San Joaquin Valley Fogs", prepared by Colorado State University for the San Joaquin Valleywide Air Pollution Study Agency. 81. Lehrman, D. 

### E. et al., 1998, "Final Report California Regional PMlOlPM2.5Air Quality Study (CRPAQS) 1995 lntegrated Monitoring Study DataAnalysis Work Element2.2.2 

## - Meteorological Representativeness and Work Element 2.2.3 

## - FogAnd Low Clouds Characteristics", prepared by Technical 

### & Business Systems, Inc. for the San Joaquin Valleywide Air Pollution Study Agency. 

### 82. Strader, R. et al., 1998, "Final Report 1995 lntegrated Monitoring Study Data Analysis 6.5 Evaluation of Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation in Winter", prepared 

### by Carnegie Mellon University for the San Joaquin Valleywide Air Pollution Study Agency.
83. Pandis, S. et al., 1998, "Final Report 1995 lntegrated Monitoring Study Data Analysis Fog Effects on PM Concentration and Composition inthe SJV", prepared by Carnegie Mellon University for the San Joaquin Valleywide Air Pollution Study Agency.84. Blanchard, C. L. et al., 1998, "Final Report for Tasks 4.2.1 and 4.5.6 Spatial Representativeness of Monitoring Sites and Zones of Influence of Emission Sources", prepared by Envair for the San Joaquin Valleywide Air Pollution Study Agency.
85. Magliano, K. L. et al., 1998, "Final Report Chemical Mass Balance Modeling of Data from the 1995 lntegrated Monitoring Study", prepared by the CaliforniaAir Resources Boardfor the San Joaquin Valleywide Air Pollution Study Agency.
86. Carr, 

### E. L. et al., 1998, "Final Report San Joaquin Valley Regional PM-10 Study Characterizing Micrometeorological Phenomena: Mixing and Diffusion in LowWind Speed Conditions Phase Ill: Monitoring and Data Analysis", prepared by Systems Applications International for the San Joaquin Valleywide Air Pollution Study Agency. 87. Dye, T. S. et al., 1998, "Measurement Methods Validation: Adequacy and Validation of Meteorological Measurements Aloft During IMS9513, prepared by SonomaTechnology, Inc.for the San Joaquin Valleywide Air Pollution Study Agency. 88. Coe, D. L. et al., 1998, "Emission Source Activity Detection: Analysis of CMB Model Results and Daily Activity Datafor IMS95", prepared by SonomaTechnology, Inc. for the San Joaquin Valleywide Air Pollution Study Agency. 89. Main, 

### H. H. et al., 1998, "Characterizationof the Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Visibility in the San Joaquin Valley During IMS95, prepared by Sonoma Technology, Inc,for the San Joaquin ValleywideAir Pollution Study Agency. 90. Carr, E. 

### L. et al., 1998, "1995 lntegrated Monitoring Study Data Analysis Work Element 4.6.3: Time and Length Scales for Mixing of Secondary Aerosols During Stagnation Periods1', prepared by Systems Applications International for the San Joaquin Valleywide Air Pollution Study Agency.
91. Collins, J. F., 1998, "Characterizationof Boundaries and Backgrounds inthe San Joaquin Valley lntegrated Monitoring Study 1995", prepared by University of California Riverside CECERT for the San Joaquin Valleywide Air Pollution Study Agency.
92. Haste,T. L. et al., 1998, "Use of Ambient Data Collected During IMS95to Evaluate a Regional Emissions Inventory for the San Joaquin Valley", prepared by Sonoma Technology Inc. for the San Joaquin Valleywide Air Pollution Study Agency.
93. Kumar, 

### N., et al., 1998, "Analysis of Atmospheric Chemistry During 1995 lntegrated Monitoring Study", prepared by Sonoma Technology, Inc. for the San Joaquin ValleywideAir Pollution Study Agency.
94.. Magliano, K. L., et al., 1998, "Draft Modeling Protocolfor the California Regional PMIO/PIbl2.5Air Quality Study: Preliminary Approaches and Data Requirements", prepared by the California Air Resources Board for the San Joaquin Valleywide Air Pollution Study Agency. 95. Pun, B. et al., 1998, "Comments on Field Program Plan for the California Regional PMlOlPM2.5 Air Quality Study", prepared by Atmospheric and Environmental Researchfor Pacific Gas & Electric.96. Pun, B. et al., 1998, "Phase II Reports lntegrated Monitoring Study 95: Assessment of Mathematical Models and Associated Data Needs", prepared by Atmospheric and Environmental Research for Pacific Gas & Electric. 97. Pun, B-et al., 1998, "Conceptual Model of Particulate Matter Pollution in'the California San Joaquin Valley", prepared by Atmospheric and Environmental Researchfor Pacific Gas 

### & Electric. 98. Richards, W. L. et al., 1998, "Characterization of the Validity of Light Scattering Measurements During the 1995 lntegrated Monitoring Study", prepared by Sonoma Technology Inc. for the San Joaquin Valleywide Air Pollution Study Agency. 99. Schauer, J. 

### J. et al., 1998, "Source Contributionsto Airborne Particles inthe San Joaquin Valley During the IMS95 Study", prepared by California Institute of Technology for the San Joaquin Valleywide Air Pollution Study Agency.
100. Seinfeld, J. H. et al., 1998, "Grid-Based Aerosol Modeling: A Tutorial", prepared by California lnstitute of Technology for the San Joaquin Valleywide Air Pollution Study Agency.
101. Watson, J. G. et al., 1998, "Aerometric Field Program Plan for the California Regional PM2.5lPM10Air Quality Study", prepared by Desert Research lnstitutefor the San Joaquin Valleywide Air Pollution Study Agency.
102. Wilkinson, J. G., et al., 1998, "A Modelto Estimate Temporally ResolvedAmmonia Emissions at a Dairy", presented at the A&WMA 9IS'Annual Meeting, San Diego, CA.


### 103. Richards, 

### W. L. et al., 1999, "Effects of Atmospheric Dynamics and Chemical Concentrations on Aerosol Formation in Fog " prepared by Sonoma Technology, Inc. for the San Joaquin Valleywide Air Pollution Study Agency.
104. Magliano, K. L. et al., 1999, "California Regional PMlOlPM2.5 Air Quality Study: Objectives and Associated Data Analysis and Modeling Approaches", prepared by the California Air Resources Board for the San Joaquin Valleywide Air Pollution Study Agency.
105. Chow, J.C. et al., 1999, "Temporal Variations of PM2.5, PM10, and Gaseous Precursors During the 1995 lntegrated Monitoring Study in Central California", Atmospheric Environment (33). 

### 106. Collett, J. 

### L. et al., 1999, "Spatial and Temporal Variations in San Joaquin Valley Fog Chemistry", Atmospheric Environment (33).
107. Magliano, 

### K. L. et al., 1999, "Recommendations for Emissions Work in Support of the California Regional PMI0lPM2.5 Air Quality Study", prepared by the California Air Resources Board for the San Joaquin Valleywide Air Pollution Study Agency. 108. Solomon, P. A. et al., 1999, "The 1995 lntegrated Monitoring Study (IMS95) of the California Regional PMlOlPM2.5Air Quality Study (CRPAQS): Study Overview", Atmospheric Environment (33).Solomon, P. A. et at., 1999, "Objectives and Design of Central California's 1995 lntegrated Monitoring Study of the California Regional PM10lPM2.5Air Quality Study", Journal A&WMA. Magliano, K. L. et al., 1999, "Spatial and Temporal Variations in PM10 and PM2.5 Source Contributions and Comparison to Emissions During the 1995 lntegrated Monitoring Study", Atmospheric Environment (33). Lehrman, D. E.,et al., 1999, "Assessment of the Methods and Adequacy of Meteorology Measurements for IMS95",Atmospheric Environment (33). McDade, C. et al., 1999,"Optical Properties of the San Joaquin Valley Aerosol Collected During the 1995 lntegrated Monitoring Study",Atmospheric Environment (33). Blanchard, C. L. et al., 1999, "Spatial Scales of Transport and Influence During the 1995 lntegrated Monitoring Study in California's San Joaquin Valley", Atmospheric Environment (33). Lillis, D. et al., 1999, "Production and Removalof Aerosol in a Polluted Fog Layer 

### - Part I Model Development and Evaluation",Atmospheric Environment (33). Lillis, D. et al., 1999, "Production and Removal of Aerosol in a Polluted Fog Layer

## - Part II Effects of Fogs on PM in the San Joaquin Valley",Atmospheric Environment (33). Collett, J. L. et al., 1999, "Internal Acid Buffering in San Joaquin Valley Fog Drops and its Influence on Aerosol Processing",Atmospheric Environment (33). Hoag, K, J., et al., 1999, "The Influence of Drop Size-Dependent Fog Chemistry on Aerosol Processing by San Joaquin Valley Fogs", Atmospheric Environment (33). Strader, R. et al., 1999, "Evaluation of Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation in Winter", Atmospheric Environment (33). Pun, 

### B. et al., 1999, "Understanding Particulate Matter Formation in the California San Joaquin Valley: Conceptual Model and Data Needs",Atmospheric Environment (33). Magliano, 

### K. L. et al., 1999, "Field Program Plansfor the California Regional PMlOlPM2.5Air Quality Study", in Proceedings of the A&WMA 9znd Annual Meeting. Wittig, A. E. et al., 1999, "Health and Safety Plan for the California Regional PMlOlPM2.5 Air Quality Study (CRPAQS)", prepared by SonomaTechnology Inc.for the San Joaquin Valleywide Air Pollution Study Agency, STI-999215-1894-HASP. Magliano, K.L. et al, 2000, "Coordinated Efforts of the California Regional PMlOlPM2.5Air Quality Study and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Supersite in Fresno, California", in Proceedings of the 9? AnnualA&WMA Conference,Salt Lake City, UT, June 19-24, 2000. Magliano, K. L. et at., 2000, "Light Scattering Measurements in the California Regional PM10lPM2.5 Air Quality Study", In Proceedings of the 93rd Annual A&WMA Conference,Salt Lake City, UT, June 19-24, 2000.

### Schauer, J. J. et al., 2000, "Source Apportionment of Wintertime Gas-Phase and ParticlePhase Air Pollutants Using Organic Compounds as Tracers", Environmental Science and Technology (34), 

### 1821 -1832. Blanchard, C. L. et al. 2000, "The Use of Ambient Measurementsto Identify Which Precursor Species Limit Aerosol Nitrate Formation",Journal of theAir and Waste Management Association (50), 

### 2073-2084. Wittig, A. E. et al.,2000, "Quality IntegratedWorkplan for the Continuous and Filter Air Quality Measurements inthe California Reqional PM10lPM2.5Air Quality Study (CRPAQS)", prepared by Sonoma Technology Inc.for the San Joaquin Valleywide Air Pollution Study Agency, 81-1-999214-1921 -QIWP. Flocchini, R. G. et al., 2001, "Sources and Sinks of PMIO inthe San Joaquin Valley", Interim Report to U.S. Department of Agriculture, Contract Nos. 94-33825-0383 and 98-38825- 6063, prepared by University of California Davis. Main, H. 

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### Bend, OR, October 2-5, 2001. Magliano, K.L. et al., 2001, "The California Regional PMlOlPM2.5 Air Quality Study (CRPAQS): Field Study Description and Initial Findings1',in Proceedings of the A&WMNAGU Regional Haze and Global Radiation Balance Conference,

### Bend, OR, October 2-5, 2001. Richards, L.W. et al., 2001, "Light Scattering Measurements During the California Regional PMlOlPM2.5Air Quality Study", in Proceedings of theA&WMA/AGU Regional Haze and Global Radiation Balance Conference, 

### Bend, OR, October 2-5, 2001. Watson, J. G. et al., 2001, "Comparison of Nephelometer Light Scattering Measurements in Central California as a Function of Meteorological Variables Particle Size, and Particle Composition", in Proceedings of theA&WMA/AGU Regional Haze and Global Radiation Balance Conference, 

### Bend, OR, October 2-5, 2001. Chow, J. C. et al., 2001, "Particle Nitrate Measurementsat the Fresno Supersite", in Proceedings of theA&WMA/AGU RegionalHaze and Global Radiation Balance Conference, 

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141. Bush, D. et al., 2002, "An Evaluation of Portable Nephelometer Performance During CRPAQS", presented atA&WMA Symposium on Air Quality Measurement Methods and Technology, November 13-1 5, 2002.
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## - Part II: Emission Factors", Atmospheric Environment, (35), 3265-3277.Technical & Business Systems Inc.,2002, "Satellite Network Operationsfor the California Regional PMlOlPM2.5 Air Quality Study1',prepared by Technical & Business Systems Inc.for the San Joaquin Valleywide Air Pollution Study Agency. Bush, D. et. al., 2002, "Final Quality Assurance Audit Report California Regional PM10lPM2.5 Air Quality Study", prepared by Parsons Engineering Science for the San Joaquin Valleywide Air Pollution Study Agency. Stiefer, P. et al., 2002, "Atlas of Ground Truth Surveys", prepared by Sonoma Technology Inc. for the San Joaquin Valleywide Air Pollution Study Agency. Engelbrecht, J. P., 2002, "Laboratory Measurement Systems Audit", prepared by Desert Research Institute for the San Joaquin Valleywide Air Pollution Study Agency. Countess Environmental, 2002, "Quantifying the Contribution of Fugitive Geological Dust to Ambient PMI0 and PM2.5 Concentrations in the San Joaquin Valley", prepared for the San Joaquin Valley Air Pollution Control District. Whiteaker, J.R., 2002, "Effects of Meteorological Conditions on Aerosol Composition and Mixing State in BakersfieldCAIEnvironmental Science andTechnology, (36), 2345- 2353. Ashbaugh, L.L. et al., 2003, "Soil Sample Collectionand Analysis for the Fugitive Dust Characterization Study", Atmospheric Environment, (37)) 1163-1173. Chow, J.C. et al., 2003, "Similarities and Differences in PMIO Chemical Source Profilesfor Geological Dust Fromthe San Joaquin Valley, California", Atmospheric Environment, (37), 1317-1340. Rinehart, L.R. et al., 2003, "Characterizationof PM2.5 Associated Organic Compounds of Emission Sources Collected During the California Regional PMlOlPM2.5 Air Quality Study", in Proceedings ofthe 96th AnnualA&WMA Conference, San Diego, CA, June 2003. Najita, T. et al., 2003, "Relationship Between PM2.5 and PMIO Duringthe California Reqional Particulate Air Quality StudyJ1, presented at the 2003Annual Conferenceofthe American Association forAerosol Research, Anaheim, CA, October 20-24,2003. Velasco, P. et al., 2003, "Diurnal Variations in PM2.5, PMIO, Chemical Components, Gaseous Precursors, and Co-Pollutants during the California Regional Particulate Air Quality Study1',presentedatthe 2003Annual Conference ofthe AmericanAssociation for Aerosol Research, Anaheim, CA, October 20-24, 2003. Turkiewicz, 

### K. et al., 2003, "Spatial and Temporal Variations of PM2.5, PM10, and their Chemical Components during the California Regional ParticulateAir Quality Study", presented at the 2003Annual Conferenceofthe AmericanAssociation forAerosol Research, Anaheim, CA, October 20-24, 2003. Casuccio, 

### G. et al., 2003, "Characterizationof San Joaquin Valley Samples Using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) Techniques", presented at the 2003Annual Conference of the American Association for Aerosol Research, Anaheim, CA, October 20-24,2003.Chow, J. C. et al., 2003, "Spatial and Temporal Variations in PM2.5 Chemical Composition during Winter, 200012001 Episodes in Central California", presented at the 2003 Annual Conference of the American Association for Aerosol Research, Anaheim, CA, October 20-24, 2003. Watson, J., et al., 2003, "Equivalence and Comparability Among Different PM2.5 Mass Measurements in Central California", presented at the 2003Annual Conference of the American Association forAerosol Research,Anaheim, CA, October 20-24, 2003. Countess, R. et. al. 2003, "Fugitive Dust Concentrations in the San Joaquin Valley", presented at the 2003Annual Conference of the American Association for Aerosol Research, Anaheim, CA, October 20-24,2003. Herckes, P. et. al., 2003, '!Fog Processing of Atmospheric Organic Compounds Duringthe California Regional PMI01PM2.5 Air Quality Study (CRPAQS)", presented at the 2003 Annual Conference of theAmerican Association for Aerosol Research, Anaheim, CA, October 20-24, 2003. McDonald, C. et. al., 2003, "Evaluation of Transport of Particulate Matter and Its Precursors Into and Out of the San Joaquin Valley, California, UsingTwo Approaches presented at the 2003Annual Conference of the American Association for Aerosol Research, Anaheim, CA,October 20-24, 2003. Kleeman, M, et. al., 2003, "Characterizationof Atmospheric Nano-Fine Particles at Bakersfield California", presented at the 2003Annual Conference of the American Association for Aerosol Research, Anaheim, CA, October 20-24, 2003. Kleeman, M. et. al., 2003, "SimulatingAir Quality in the San Joaquin Valley with a SourceOriented Externally Mixed Airshed Model; Evaluation of Model Performance and Control Strategy Effectiveness", presented at the 2003Annual Conference of the American Association forAerosol Research,Anaheim, CA, October 20-24, 2003. Heissler, S. 2003, "Contributions of Chemical Constituentsto Visibility Reduction during the California Regional PMlOlPM2.5 Air Quality Study", presented at the 2003Annual Conference of the American Association for Aerosol Research, Anaheim, CA, October 20-24, 2003. Countess, R. et. al., 2003, "Contribution of Vegetative Burning to PM2.5 Concentrations in the San Joaquin Valley", presented at the 2003Annual Conference of the American Association for Aerosol Research,Anaheim, CA, October 20-24, 2003. Rappolt, T.J. et. al., 2003, "Near-Term and LowWind Dispersion Measurements of Plumes from Steam Generators during the CRPAQS presented at the 2003Annual Conference of the American Association for Aerosol Research, Anaheim, CA, October 20-24, 2003. Alcorn, S. et. at., 2003, "Comparisons Between California Regional PMlOlPM2.5Air Quality Study (CRPAQS) Particle Light Scattering and Fine Particle Mass Data1', presented at the 2003Annual Conference of the American Association for Aerosol Research, Anaheim, CA, October 20-24, 2003.Chen, A. et. al., 2003, "Evaluating Similarities of Source Profiles Using Pair Slope Distribution (PSD) Method: Applications to PM2.5 Source Profiles from the BRAVO and CRPAQS Studies", presented at the 2003

### Annual Conference of the American Association for Aerosol Research,Anaheim, CA, October 20-24, 2003. Hyslop, N. et. al., 2003, "Vertical Variations in PM and PM Precursor Concentrations in the San Joaquin Valley, California", presented at the 2003

### Annual Conference of the American Association for Aerosol Research,Anaheim, CA, October 20-24, 2003. Chang, et. al., 2003, "Aerosol Processing and Removal by Fogs: Observations in Radiation Fogs Duringthe CRPAQS Study", presentedat the 2003

### Annual Conference of the American Association for Aerosol Research,Anaheim, CA, October 20-24, 2003. Chin, et. al., 2003, "Comparison Between Particulate Matter Sampled at Urban and Rural Locations in the San Joaquin Valley: Continuous Measurement of Single Particle Size and Composition", presented at the 2003

### Annual Conference of theAmerican Association for Aerosol Research, Anaheim, CA, October 20-24., 2003. Rinehart, L. et. al., 2003, "Semi-volatile Organic Compound Characterization and Evaluationof PM2.5 Emission Sources Collected Duringthe California Regional PM101PM2.5Air Quality Study", presented at the 2003

### Annual Conference of the American Association forAerosol Research,Anaheim, CA, October 20-24, 2003. Hering, S. et. al.,2003, "Temporal and Spatial Distributionof Fine Particle Nitrate and Black Carbon inthe San Joaquin Valley of California, USA", presented at the 2003

### Annual Conference of theAmerican Association for Aerosol Research, Anaheim, CA, October 20-24. 2003. Scow, 

### K. M. et al., 2003, "DNA Profiling Analysis of Dust and Source Material Collected inthe CRPAQS Fall 2000 Sampling Campaign", prepared by the University of California, Davis for the San Joaquin ValleywideAir Pollution Study Agency. Hafner, 

### H. R., et. al., 2003, "California Reqional PMlOlPM2.5 Air Quality Study (CRPAQS) Management of Anchor Site Data", prepared by Sonoma Technology Inc for the San Joaquin Valleywide Air Pollution Study Agency, STI-999242-2087-FR. Wittig, A.E., et. al., 2003, "California Regional PMlOlPM2.5 Air Quality Study (CRPAQS) Anchor Site Measurements and Operations", prepared by SonomaTechnology Incfor the San Joaquin Valleywide Air PollutionStudy Agency, STI-999231-2332-FR. Hyslop, N. P., et. al., 2003, "California Regional PMlOlPM2.5Air Quality Study (CRPAQS) Data Quality Summary Reports", prepared by Sonoma Technology Incfor the San Joaquin Valleywide Air Pollution Study Agency, SPI-999242-2310-FR. Neff, 

### W.D., et. al., 2003, "Final Report Contract 99-4PM A Study of Mesoscale Transport and Boundary Layer Processes in the CentralValley of California", prepared by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration for the San Joaquin Valleywide Air Pollution Study Agency.Zielinska, B. et. al., 2003, "California Regional PM10/PM2.5 Air Quality Study 

## - Organic Compound Measurements", prepared by Desert Research Institutefor the San Joaquin Valleywide Air Pollution Study Agency. Ervens, B. et. al., 2003, "Onthe Drop-Size Dependenceof Organic Acid and Formaldehyde Concentrations in Fog", Journal ofAtmospheric Chemistry, (46),239-269. Whiteaker, J.R., 2003, "Hydroxymethanesulfonate as a Tracer for Fog Processing of Individual Aerosol Particles",Atmospheric Environment, (37), 1033-1 043. Fitz, D. et. al., 2004, "Development of a Gas and Particulate Matter Organic Speciation Profile Database", prepared by the University of California, Riverside Center for Environmental Engineering and Technology for the San Joaquin Valleywide Air Pollution Study Agency. Prather, 

### K., 2004, ATOFMS Field Study Operations Final Report, prepared by the Universityof California, San Diego, Prather Research Group for the San Joaquin ValleywideAir Pollution Study Agency. Chow, J.C. et. al., 2004, "Comparison of PM2.5 Chemical Composition from the Fresno Supersite During Wintertime Pollution Episodes in Central California", presented at the 

### 13'~ World CleanAir and Environmental Protection Congress and Exhibition, London England, August 2004. Watson, J.G. et. al., 2004, "Particle Nitrate Sampling Artifacts in California's San Joaquin Valley", presented at the 

### 13'~ World CleanAir and Environmental Protection Congress and Exhibition, London England, August 2004. DeYoung, R.J. et. al., 2004, "Aerosol Transport inthe California Central Valley Observed by Airborne Lidar" Collett, J.L. et. al., 2004, "The Organic Compositionof California Fogs", submitted to the 

### 3rd lnternational Conference on Fog and Fog Collection, Capetown, South Africa, October 2004. Carillo, 

### J.H. et. al., 2004, "An Economical Optical Fog Detector", submitted to the 

### 3rd lnternational Conference on Fog and Fog Collection, Capetown, South Africa, October 2004. Hyslop, N.P., et. al., 2004, "Exploratory DataAnalysis of Particulate Matter Concentrations in Corcoran, California", prepared by SonomaTechnology, Inc, for the San Joaquin Valleywide Air Pollution Study Agency, S-TI-999300-2485-FR. Bahm, K.E. et. al., 2004, "Detecting Source Activities and Reconciling Ambient Measurement Variations with Field Observations 

## - California Regional PlbllO and PM2.5Air Quality Study (CRPAQS) Data Analysis Task 4.3", preparedfor the San Joaquin Valleywide Air Pollution Study Agency by Sonoma Technology Inc., S-TI-902328-2579-TM. Baxter, B. et. al., 2004, "Task 1.3Adequacy and Validity of Meteorological Measurements", prepared by Technical & Business Systems for the San Joaquin Valleywide Air Pollution Study Agency.Lehrman D. et. al., 2004, "Task 3.3 HowWell Do Measurements Characterize Critical Meteorological Features", prepared by Technical 

### & Business Systems for the San Joaquin Valleywide Air Pollution Study Agency. Knuth, B., 2004, "Task 5.1 CRPAQS Synoptic Conditions Weather Typing", prepared by Technical 

### & Business Systems for the San Joaquin Valleywide Air Pollution Study Agency. Held,T. et. al., 2004, "Modeling Particulate Matter inthe San Joaquin Valley with a SourceOriented Externally Mixed'Three-Dimensional Photochemical Grid Model:

### Atmospheric Environment, 

### 38(22), 3689-3711. Heisler, S. 

### L,2004, "Contributions of Chemical Constituents to Visibility Reduction During the California Regional PMIO/PM2.5 Air Quality Study", prepared by ENSR Corporationfor the San Joaquin Valleywide Air Pollution Study Agency. Tracer ES&T, 2004, "California Regional PMlOlPM2.5 Air Quality Study (CRPAQS) Initial Data Analysis of Clean Airship 1 Measurements (Task 6.4)", prepared by Tracer Environmental Sciences & Technologies, Inc., for the San Joaquin Valleywide Air Pollution Study Agency. Buhr, M.P. et. al., 2004, Examinationof Reactive Nitrogen Partitioning at the Bakersfield and Angiola Field Sites", prepared by Sonoma Technology Inc,for the San Joaquin Valleywide Air Pollution Study Agency. Buhr, M.P. et. al., 2004, "comparison and Descriptive Evaluation of the Airborne and GroundBased Measurements Collected Duringthe CCOS Field Experiment", prepared by Sonoma Technology Inc. for the San Joaquin Valleywide Air Pollution Study Agency. Yoho, D. et. al., 2004, "How isVisibility Affected by Atmospheric Constituents, Sources, and Meteorology 

## - Sources of Light Extinction inthe Mojave Desert", prepared by Technical & Business Systems for the San Joaquin Valleywide Air Pollution Study Agency. Alcorn, S.A. et. al., 2004, "Comparisons Between Light Scattering and Fine-Particle Mass Data", prepared by Sonoma Technology Inc. for the San Joaquin Valleywide Air Pollution Study Agency. Pun, 

### B., 2004, "CRPAQS Task 2.7When and Where Does High 03Correspond to High PM2.5? How Much PM2.5 Correspondsto Photochemical End Products?", prepared by Atmospheric and Environmental Research, Inc. for the San Joaquin Valleywide Air

. Pollution Study Agency. Collett, J. L. et. al., 2005, "Examination of the influence of California Regional ParticuiateAir Quality Study Fog Episodes on Aerosol Formation and Removal", prepared by Colorado State Universityfor the San Joaquin Valleywide Air Pollution Study Agency. Raffuse, S. M. et. al., 2005, "Emission Inventory Reconciliation in the San Joaquin Valley", prepared by Sonoma Technology Inc. for the San Joaquin Valleywide Air Pollution Study Agency.Held, T, et. al., 2005, "A Comparison of the UCDlClTAir Quality Model and the CMB SourceReceptor Model for Primary Airborne Particulate Matter", Atmospheric Environment, (39),2281 -2297. Kleeman, M.J., Ying, Q., Kaduwela,A. 2005. "Control Strategies for the Reduction of Airborne Particulate Nitrate in California's San Joaquin Valley". Atmospheric Environment, (39): 5325-5341. Fahey, 

### K.M., Pandis, S.N., Collett, Jr. J.L., Herckes, P. 2005. "The influence of sizedependent droplet composition on pollutant processing by fogs1'.Atmospheric Environment, (39): 4561 -4574. Blanchard, C., 2005, "Comparison of Particulate Nitrate Formation in Different Chemical Regimes", presented at the American Association for Aerosol Research (AAAR), Supersites Conference, February 2005, Atlanta, GA. Cahill, T., 2005, "Continuous Analysis of Fresno Aerosols by Size, Time, and Elemental Concentrations, March

## - December 200In,presented at the American Association for Aerosol Research (AAAR), Supersites Conference, February 2005, Atlanta, GA. Collett, J., 2005, "Pollution Processing by Radiation Fogs During the California Regional PMlOlPM2.5Air Quality Study (CRPAQS)", presented at the American Association for Aerosol Research (AAAR), Supersites Conference, February 2005, Atlanta, GA. Goohs, 

### K., 2005, "Function and Performance of a New Real-Time Black Carbon Monitor During the 2004 Fresno Study", presented at the American Association for Aerosol Research (AAAR), Supersites Conference, February 2005, Atlanta, GA. Herckes, P., 2005, "Fog Processing of Atmospheric Organic Matter", presented at the American Association for Aerosol Research (AAAR), Supersites Conference, February 2005, Atlanta, GA. Lurmann, F., 2005, "Spatial Representativeness of the Fresno Supersite PM and Gaseous CoPollutant Measurements", presented at the American Association for Aerosol Research (AAAR), Supersites Conference, February 2005, Atlanta, GA. Magliano, 

### K., 2005, "Comparison of Air Quality DuringTwo Winter Episodes", presented at the American Association for Aerosol Research (AAAR), Supersites Conference, February 2005, Atlanta, GA. M'agliano, K., 2005, "PM2.5 Concentrations in Urban and Rural Areas", presented at the American Association for Aerosol Research (AAAR), Supersites Conference, February 2005, Atlanta, GA. McCarthy, M.,2005, "The Role of Nighttime Chemistry in Winter Ammonium Nitrate Formation in the San Joaquin Valley", presented at the American Association for Aerosol Research (AAAR), Supersites Conference, February 2005, Atlanta, GA.221. Pun, 

### B., 2005, "Relationships Between Ozone and PM During CRPAQS", presented at the American Association for Aerosol Research (AAAR), Supersites Conference, February 2005, Atlanta, GA.
222. Qin, X., 2005, "ATOFMS Measurements at Urban and Rural Locations: Comparison of Single Particle Size and Composition", presentedat the American Association forAerosol Research (AAAR), Supersites Conference, February 2005, Atlanta, GA.
223. Watson, J., 2005, "Spatial Variability of PM2.5 Species in the California Central Valley", presented at the American Association for Aerosol Research (AAAR), Supersites Conference, February 2005, Atlanta, GA.
224. Zielinska, B.,2005, "Semi-volatile Organic Compounds: Characterization at the Fresno Supersite During Wintertime Stagnation Episodes", presented at the American Association forAerosol Research (AAAR), Supersites Conference, February 2005, Atlanta, GA.
225. Cassucio, G., 2005, "Corcoran Fall 2000 study: Apportionment of ambient PMIO using scanning electron microscopy", presentedat theAmerican Association forAerosol Research (AAAR), Supersites Conference, February 2005, Atlanta, GA.
226. Chow, J., 2005, "Particulate carbon measurements in California's San Joaquin Valley", presented at the American Association for Aerosol Research (AAAR), Supersites Conference, February 2005, Atlanta, GA.
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### & Waste ManagementAssociation, (56) 4.17-430. 229. Gorin, C.A., et. al., 2005, "Wood Smoke Contributionsto Ambient Aerosol 

### in Fresno During Winter 2003-2004". Preparedfor the San Joaquin Valley Air Pollution Control District. Fresno, California. 230. Park, K., et. at., 2005, "Comparison of continuous and filter-based carbon measurements at the Fresno Supersite". Journal of the Air 

### & Waste Management Association, (56) 474- 491. 231. Herner,J.D., et. al., 2005, "Size and Composition Distribution of Airborne Particulate Matter in Northern California 1. Particulate Mass, Carbon, andWater Soluble Ions", Journal of theAir & Waste Management Association, (55), 30-51. 232. Turkiewicz, 

### K., et. al., 2006, "Comparison of Two Winter Air Quality Episodes During the California Regional Particulate Air Quality Study". Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (56):467-473. 233. Rinehart, L.R., et. al., 2006, "Spatial Distributionof PM2.5Associated Organic Compounds in Central California". Atmospheric Environment (40): 290-303.Chow, J.C., Watson, J.G., Park, K., Lowenthal, D.H., Robinson, N.F., Magliano, K.L., 2006. "Comparison of Particle Light Scattering and PM2.5 Mass in Central California". Journal ofthe Air & Waste Management Association (56): 398-410. Chow, J.C., Watson, J.G., Lowenthal, D.H., Chen,A.L-W., Magliano, K.L.,2006. "Particulate Carbon Measurements in California's San Joaquin Valley". Chemosphere (62): 337- 348. Chow, J.C., Chen, A.L-W., Watson, J.G., Lowenthal, D.H., Magliano, K.L., Turkiewicz, K., Lehrman, D.,2006. "PM2.5 Chemical Composition and Spatiotemporal Variability During the California Regional PM10lPM2.5Air Quality Study (CRPAQS)". Journal of Geophysical Research, (111): Dl 0S04, doi:10.102912005.1D006457. Ying, Q., Kleeman, M.J., 2006. "Source Contributions to the Regional Distribution of Secondary Particulate Matter in California". Atmospheric Environment (40): 736-752. Herner, J.D., Green, P.G., Kleeman, M.J. 2006. "Measuringthe Trace Elemental Composition of Size-Resolved Airborne Particles". Environmental Science and Technology (40): 1925-1 933. Chow, J.C., Watson, J.G., Lowenthal, D.H., Chen, A.L-W., Tropp, R., Park, K., Magliano, K.L., 2006. "PM2.5 and PMIO Mass Measurements in California's San Joaquin Valley". Aerosol Science & Technology (40): 796-81 0. Lurmann, 

### F. et. al., 2006, "Processes Influencing SecondaryAerosol Formation in the San Joaquin Valley During Winter", Journal ofthe Air & Waste Management Association, (56): 1679-1 693. Brown, S.G. et. al., 2006, "Wintertime Vertical Variations in Particulate Matter (PM) and Precursor Concentrations in the San Joaquin Valley During the California Regional Coarse PMIFine PMAir Quality Study", Journal ofthe Air & Waste Management Association, (56): 1267-1 277. MacDonald, C.P. et. al., 2006, "Transport and Dispersion During Wintertime Particulate Matter Episodes in the San Joaquin Valley, California,Journalofthe Air & Waste Management Association, (56): 961-976. Gorin, C.A. et. at., 2006, "Wood Smoke Contributionto Winter Aerosol in Fresno, CA,Journal ofthe Air & Waste Management Association, (56): 1584-1 590. Chow, J.C. et. al., 2006, "Evaluation of Organic markers for Chemical Mass Balance Source Apportionment at the Fresno Supersite",Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss. (6) 10341- 10372 Grover, B.D. et. al., 2006, "Measurement of Both Volatile and Semi-volatile Fractions of Fine Particulate Matter in Fresno, CA",Aerosol Science & Technology, (40): 811-826. 246. Liang, J. et. at., 2006, "Off-line Diagnostic Analyses of a -Three-dimensional PNI lblodel Using Two Matrix Factorization Methods", Atmospheric Environment, (40):Qin, 

### X. et. al., 2006, "Impact of Biomass Emissions on Particle Chemistry Duringthe California Regional ParticulateAir Quality Study", International Journal of Mass Spectrometry, (258): 142-1 50. Qin, 

### X. et. al., 2006, "Comparison of Two Methodsfor Obtaining Quantitative Mass Concentrations from Aerosol Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry Measurements", Anal. Chem., (78): 61 69-6178. Chen, A.L-W., et. al., 2007, "Quantifying PM2.5 Source Contributionsfor the San Joaquin Valley with Multivariate Receptor Models". Environmental Science andTechnology, (41), 2818-2826. Hering, et. al., 2007, "Comparison of Particle Size Distributions at Urban and Agricultural Sites in California's San Joaquin Valley". Aerosol Science andTechnology, (41:1), 86-96. Watson, J.G. et. al., 2008;"Estimating Aerosol Light Scattering at the Fresno Supersite", Atmospheric Environment, (42), 1186-1196. Chow, J.C. et.al., 2008, "Size Resolved Aerosol Chemical Concentrations at Rural and Urban Sites in Central California, USA,Atmospheric Research, (go), 243-252. Ying, Q. et. al., 2008, "Modeling Air Quality Duringthe California Regional PMI0lPM2.5 Air Quality Study (CRPAQS) Usingthe UCDICIT Source Oriented Air Quality Model

# - Part I. Base Case Model Results", Atmospheric Environment, (42), 8954-8966. Ying, Q. et. al., 2008, "Modeling Air Quality Duringthe California Regional PMlOlPM2.5 Air Quality Study (CRPAQS) Using the UCDlClT Source Oriented Air Quality Model

# - Part II. Regional Source Apportionment of Primary Airborne Particulate Matter", Atmospheric Environment, (42), 8967-8978. Kleeman, M.J. et.al., 2008, "Size Distribution of Particle-Phase Molecular Markers During a Severe Winter Pollution Episode", EnvironmentalScience 

### & Technology, (42), 6469- 6475. Ying, Q. et. al., 2008, "ModelingAir Quality Duringthe California Regional PMlOlPM2.5 Air Quality Study (CRPAQS) Using the UCDICIT Source Oriented Air Quality Model

## - Part Ill. Regional Source Apportionment of Secondary and Total Airborne PM2.5 and PMO.1 

### ",Atmospheric Environment, (43), 41 9-430. Chen, 

### J. et. al., 2009, "Source Apportionment of Visual Impairment Duringthe California Regional PMI01PM2.5 Air Quality Study, Atmospheric Environment, (43), 6136-6144. Kleeman, M.J.,et. al., 2009, "Source Apportionment of Fine (PMI.8) and Ultrafine (PMO.l) Airborne Particulate Matter During a Severe Winter Pollution Episode, Environmental Science & Technology, (43), 272-279. Livingstone, P.L., et.al., 2009, "Simulating PM Concentrations During a Winter Episode in a SubtropicalValley and Sensitivity Simulations and Evaluation methods", Atmospheric Environment, (43), 5971-5977.260. Ying, Q., et. al., 2009, "Regional Contributions to Airborne Particulate Matter in Central California During a Severe Pollution Episode",Atmospheric Environment, (43), 1218- 1228.
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263. 

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### 5- 226.

### ATTACHMENT 

### B Excerpts from: Federal Register/ 

### Vol. 69, No. 102/ 

### Wednesday, May 26, 2004 / 

### Rules and Regulations

, 

### 40 CFR Part 52



### Approval and Promulgation of Implementation Plansfor California San Joaquin Valley PM-10 Nonattainment Area; Serious Area Plan for Attainment of the 24-Hour and Annual PM-10 Standards; Final Rule
II. Public Comments and EPA Responses
A. 

### NOWPM Strategy 

### The Plan relies on an oxides of nitrogen (NOX)/PM strategy as the most effective and expeditious strategy for attainingthe PM-10 standards in the SJV, based on the best available information at this time. The California Air Resources Board (CARB) and the SJVUAPCD have examinedthe effects of controlling ammonia, volatile organic compo~lnds (VOC) and oxides of sulfur (SOX),and have determined that the effect of controls for ammonia is uncertain,the effect of additional VOC controls will not leadto PM-10 reductions throughout the SJV, and that the effect of SOXcontrols would be very limited because the contribution of ammonium sulfate to the particulate problem in the SJV is small. EPA concurs that these findings are supported by the c1.1rrentanalysis of the best available data. However,the more extensive California Regional PM-10IPM-2.5 Air Quality Study (CRPAQS) field study and modeling will provide an improved basis to assess the relationship of precursors in forming secondary particulates. EPA expects 'thatthe results of the CRPAQS study will provide additionaltechnical information and is approving the SJVUAPCD's commitmentto re-evaluatethe 2003 PM-10 Plan with the results of CRPAQS and to submit a new plan to EPA by March 2006. 

### (69 FR 5412, 5414).
The attainment demonstration for the Plan is based on receptor modeling based on chemical analysis of filter samples collected during the CRPAQSfield study. These samples include filters from days representing typically high PM-10 concentrations in the SJV. However,the photochemical grid modeling, UAMAero, presented in the Plan was based on the previous, smaller field study inthe SJV, IMS 95, because the modeling from the CRPAQS field study was not complete at the time of the Plan approval. The proposed modeling analysis based on CRPAQS will better characterizethe interaction of precursors to form secondary particulates, because of the more robust CRPAQS database and the more extensive CRPAQS modeling approach.

### Responsesto comments regarding individual precursors are addressed below. 2. 

### VOC Comment 1: 

### Earthjustice comments that the proposalto determine that VOCs "do not significantly contribute" to PM-10 NAAQS exceedances is inappropriate because it is based on the UAM-Aero modelingwhich relies on three days of data from 1996, during a period of unusually low PM levels. Response: EPA agrees that the IMS 95 database is not ideal; however, itwas the best available data set at the time of the Plan submittal. The modeling presented in the Plan is based on ,thetime period most representativeof high PM-10 during the IMS 95 Study. Modeling based on the more extensive CRPAQS field program will not be available until late 2005. The District has made an enforceable commitmentto reevaluatethe 2003 PM-10 Plan with the resultsof CRPAQS and to submit a new plan to EPA by March 2006. The District's WAM-Aero modelingwas usedto deterrr~ine the sensitivity of ammonium nitrate to VOC controls (whetherVOC controlswould increase or decreasethe ammonium nitrate inthe SJV).The chemical nature of the atmosphere is not likelyto significantly change from one winter period to another and, therefore, the response of the atmosphereto reductions inVOC during the IMS 95 time period is likelyto be similar to the response in different winter time periods. Therefore, despite the fact that the PM-10 levels were relatively low, the IMS 95 modeling is usefulto determine the relative impact of VOC controls on the formation of ammonium nitrate. As part of the technical support for the Plan, CARB determined the expected response to emission reductions through modeling. The sensitivity of ammonium nitrate concentrationsto VOC controls is presented in the Plan (Appendix 

### M, M-6). A 50% reductionof VOCs results 

### in only a small reduction of ammonium nitrate concentrationsthroughout the modeling domain. Plan at Appendix M, M-10. This suggests that even with large reductions of VOC concentrations, the reduction of the concentrationsof ammonium nitrate will be small. Comment2: 

### Earthjusticecomments that there is evidence that VOCs have muchto do with facilitating the rate of 

### PMformulation in the Valley. To support this argument, Earthjustice refersto an analysis by Pun and Seigneur, (Pun and Seigneur C, Conceptual Model of Particulate Matter Pollution inthe San Joaquin Valley. September 8, 

### 1998 at 3-12). Response: EPA agrees that VOC plays a 

### role inthe formation of ammonium nitrate in the Valley. However, EPA believes that the control of VOC is not an effective methodto reduce ammonium nitrate in the SJV. EPA has examined the

### analysis by Pun and Seigneur, as well as other material, in considering the efficacy of a VOC control strategy inthe SJV. The Pun and Seigneur conceptual model is also based on the IMS 95 database, and is therefore subject to the same limitations as the photochemical modeling used in the Plan. In addition, Pun and Seigneur is based on a less sophisticated box model, and is subject to the limitations of a box model, compared to the more refined grid model, UAMAero, presented in the 2003 PM-10 Plan. The commenter overstates the conclusion of Pun and Seigneur with respect to the efficacy of VOC control. Although the paper states that the basin may be either NOX or oxidant sensitive, it does not conclude which of the precursors is most influential inthe SJV: The ambient formation of HN03 may be either NOx or oxidant driven. Although information regardingthe dominant reaction was not available, indirect evidence from the diurnal profile of total nitrate (peak concentrations inthe afternoon) seemd to be indicate that the N02+OH reaction was an important nitric acid production route. Thus to understand which primary pollutants govern the formation of ammonium nitrate, we need to address the oxidation potential of the atmosphere and determine which pollutants (i.e. NOx or VOCs) are the most influential for the formation of oxidants inthe system. Although Pun and Seigneur raises the need to address the oxidation potential of the atmosphere and determine which pollutants are the most influential, it does not conclude that VOC controls are absolutely required in the SJV. The Plan's more refined modeling, based on the IMS 95 study, discussed above, indicates ,thatammonium nitrate concentrations are not very sensitive to VOC control (Plan at Appendix M, 

### M-6) in the SJV. In other words, VOC controls will not have as great an effect on PMformation. The CRPAQS study sho~~ld provide an improved database for more definitive resl-~lts regardingthe effect of VOC controls in reducing PM-10 inthe SJV. Comment

### 3: Earthjustice comments that the NARSTO report indicates "In the case of secondary winter PM nitrate inthe SJV * * * 

### nitrate formation is thought to be sensitiveto VOC concentrations in many urban areas." The report opines: Reductions in NOX may not be the best course of action for reducing particulate nitrate in the possible VOC-sensitive wintertime condition. Box model simulations indicate that NOX reductions may have the counterintuitive effect of increasing particulate nitrate formation during winter (Pun and Seigneur, 2001). Therefore, coordinated efforts will be required to formulate control strategies beneficial to both ozone and 

### PM air quality. Response:

### We believe that the NARSTO report's conclusions are subject to several limitations. They are based on "Sensitivity of Particulate Matter Nitrate Formation to Precursor Emissions in the California San Joaquin Valley," Pun and Seigneur, 2001. 

### As mentioned above, this study is based on the IMS 95 field study and therefore is subject to the same database limitations as the UAM-Aero

### modeling included inthe Plan. In addition, Pun and Seigneur,2001, is based on a less sophisticated box model, and is subjectto the limitationsof a box model compare to the more refined grid model, UAM-Aero, presented in the 2003 PM10 plan. Pun and Seigneur conclude: It should be noted that the box model represents some domain-average chemistry but cannot characterizethe locally specific cherr~ical regimes. Other assumptions include stagnant conditions and aloft carry-overs of gaseous and PM pollutants. Furtherwork should extendthis box model analysis to a three-dimensional modeling study so that transport processes can be simulated and the spatial variability of the responseof PM to precursors can be addressed. However, an extensive reliable database is neededfor the application of a 3-D model. 'The forthcoming California Regional PM Air Quality Study (CRPAQS) database may provide such an opportunity. While Pun and Seigneur indicates that the San Joaquin Valley air basin should not be sensitive to ammonia concentrationsand may be sensitiveto VOC, each of these conclusions is subjectto the limitationsof the investigation. EPA concurs that it is importantto extend this analysis to a three dimensional model. The results of that modeling exercise indicate that nitrate concentrations are not very sensitiveto VOC concentrations (Plan at Appendix M, 

### M-6). Therefore, control of VOC will not be as effective as NOx control. The forthcoming CRPAQS database will provide a more extensive, reliable databaseto support additional modeling. EPA expects that the modeling results of the CRPAQS study will provide additional technical informationand is approving the SJVAPCD's commitmentto re-evaluate the 2003 PMI0 Planwith the results of CRPAQS and to submit a new plan to EPA by March 2006. Comment4: 

### Earthjusticecomments that the VOC emissions are probably underestimated for the SJV and that it is irresponsibleof the Planto not include controls for livestockwaste, a significantVOC source, when the negative effects of 

### VOC pollution are well-known. Furthermore, Earthjustice points out that the South Coast Air Quality Management Plan relies on VOC reductionsto attain the PM-10 standard and that the SJV should, as the South Coast has, take the prudent course of action by includingVOC reductions. Response:As discussed above, EPA has determined that for the purposes of section 189(b)(l)(B) and (e),VOC does not contribute significantlyto PM-10 levelswhich exceed the standards in the SJV. While the South Coast and the SJV each have a high level of ammonium nitrate,the air basins are quite different in terrain, meteorology,and emissions. In addition, the South Coast is primarily an urban area, while the SJV is a mix of rural and urban areas. Differences in relative emissions of precursors and the atmospheric conditions uniqueto each basin lead to different optimal control strategies for each basin.

### Comment5: Earthjustice comments that EPA's proposal to find that VOCs "do not significantly contribute to PM-I 0 levelswhich exceed the standard" may make it extremely difficult to regulate CAFOs at all under SB 700, which contains provisions requiring the District to show that either source categories of agricultural practices "cause or contribute to violations of an ambient air quality standard" before issuing a perrr~it or BACMIBACT analysis. Response:As discussed above, EPA has determined that VOCs do not significantly contributeto PM-10 levels which exceed the standard; however, the CRPAQS results may change this determination. In addition, VOC reductions may be necessary for ozone attainment,and the determination with respectto PM-10 does not alter that fact. 

### E. Five Percent Demonstration Comment I:Earthjustice and CRPE comment that the Plan fails to demonstrate

11* 

### * * 

### an annual reduction of PM-10 or PM-10 precursors of not less than five percent 

### * * 

### *" (emphasis added) as required by 

### CAA section 189(d). The commenters assert that the statute is clear in requiring PM-10 or PM-10 precursor emissions to be reduced by at least 5% in each year. The commenters also point to legislative history which they assert precludes any interpretation of the statute that would allow less than 5% reduction of PM-10 or PM-10 precursors in each and every year until attainment. Finally, the commenters note that the SJV is the first area subject to the requirements of section 189(d), making this an important question of first impression: Response:

. . . EPA has evaluated the 2003 Plan as a whole and concurs that, based upon currently available information, the PM-10 and NOX reduction strategy will be the most effective approach to attain the PM-10 NAAQS as expeditiously as practicable. Accordingly, EPA believes that the reference in section 1 89(d) to 5% emission reductions of "PM-10 precursors" should be interpretedto mean 5% of the precursors that have been determined to be effective for achieving the NAAQS, i.e.,

### 5% of the type of emissions that are PM-10 precursors for regulatory purposes. Forthe 2003 Plan, for example, the District has argued and EPA agrees that it would not be an effective strategy for the District to obtain 5% reductions of ammonia because this degree of ammonia reduction would not appreciably movethe SJV towards attainment given that most portions of the area appear to be NOX-limited so that reductions of ammonia would not be as effective. Similarly, the District has argued and €PA agrees that reductions of VOC would not be as useful as reductions of NOX to reduce PMformation, so that achieving reductions of 5% of VOC emissions would not be as effective.With respectto SOX,the relatively small amount of SOX emissions in the District compels the conclusion that achieving annual reductions of 5% of SOX emissions would not significantly affect the ambient PM-10 levels in the SJV.