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UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 

Ray Lyman Wilbur, Secretary

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

W. C. Mendenhall, Director

Professional Paper 170—B

THE UPPER CRETACEOUS AMMONITE GENUS BARROISICERAS

IN THE UNITED STATES

BY

JOHN B. REESIDE, JR.

Shorter contributions to general geology, 1931

( Pages 9—29)

UNITED STATES

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 

WASHINGTON : 1932

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D. C. - - - Price 20 cents
CONTENTS

Page 

__-__-________________________________--__.____ s.__._____________________________________________ 9

Taxonomic history of the genus Barroisiceras Grossouvre-_-----_-----_-----------------_--_----------------_------ 9

Species recorded in theliterature-_--__-_______________-_____-__---___-_---_____-_-___--_-----_--_---__-__-_---_ 11

Scope of the genus___-__-______________________..______________________-.._______--._______-__-_____--___-_____-_ 13

North American species of J3arr0isiV;eras-__-_-_____-_-_____-____-__---------_-_---_---_--_------_.._--____-__--- 15

ILLUSTRATIONS

Page 

PLATES 3-10. Species of Barroisiceras.^ ______ — — ______________-__--_--__ — ———— — —— _ — - — — — — ——— __. — — _ 21

il
THE UPPER CRETACEOUS AMMONITE GENUS BARROISICERAS IN THE UNITED STATES

By JOHN B. REESIDE, Jr.

INTRODUCTION

The ammonite genus Barroisiceras Grossouvre is 

noteworthy because of its wide geographic distribution 

and its apparently small stratigraphic range. It is 

reported from deposits of Coniacian age in Europe, 

Africa, South America, and North America. In the 

North American Upper Cretaceous it is rather rare, 

authentic species having been recognized hitherto 

only in the Austin chalk of Texas, in the Coniacian 

beds of Zumpango del Kio, Guerrero, Mexico, and, 

with doubt as to the source, in New Jersey. The 

Texan species, B. dentatocarinatum (Roemer), is by no 

means an abundant form, though among those described in early work in the region. The Mexican 

representatives of the genus thus far described include 

only fragmentary specimens not specifically named. 

The occurrence ascribed to New Jersey is based on a 

fragment that seems to belong to Barroisiceras but 

whose source is very doubtful.

The present paper records, in addition to B. dentatocarinatum, five new species from the Interior Province 

and one from Texas. Five of these are represented by 

single specimens and one by two specimens, but all 

are well characterized and deserving of recognition in 

spite of scant material. Three of the new species are 

associated with other invertebrates of early Niobrara 

(early Coniacian) age and come from one locality in 

the Mancos shale of central Utah. A fourth is likewise associated with invertebrates of Niobrara age 

and comes from the Frontier sandstone near Lander, 

Wyo. The fifth new species is from the Timpas limestone, the lower formation of Niobrara age, near Carlile Springs, Colo. The sixth is from the Austin 

chalk north of Sabinal, Tex.

Mr. W. O. Hazard photographed the specimens 

shown in the plates, and Miss Frances Wieser retouched the photographs and assembled the plates.

TAXONOMIC HISTORY OF THE GENUS BARROISICERAS 

GROSSOUVRE

The genus Barroisiceras was instituted by 

Grossouvre 1 in 1894, with Ammonites haberfellneri 

Hauer 2 as the first species and chief basis of the genus.

1 Grossouvre, Albert de, Les ammonites de la Craie supfirieure: Carte geol. France 

Mem., Reeherches sur la Craie superieure, pt. 2, PalSontologie, pp. 80-81,1893 [1894].

8 Hauer, Franz von, Neue Cephalopoden aus den Oosaugebilden der Alpen: 

K. Akad. Wiss. Wien Sitzungsber., Band 53, Abt. 1, p. 301, pi. 1, figs. 1-5,1866.

The name was printed in the original text as Barroisia, but as this name had been applied to a genus 

of sponges in 1882 by Munier-Chalmas, Grossouvre in 

an added note altered the form of his new term to 

Barroisiceras. Grossouvre's characterization of the 

genus consisted chiefly of a comparison of the suture 

with that of Tissotia Douville, in which it was stated 

that Barroisiceras differed in having fewer lobes, 

greater incision of the elements, and the larger member 

of the unsymmetrically bifid external saddle on the 

siphonal side. Grossouvre's figures and discussion of 

the species afforded other characters, however, useful 

for recognition of the genus. The species haberfellneri 

was given a very wide scope and included besides the 

typical form the varieties alstadenensis Schluter,3 desmoulinsi Grossouvre, and harlei Grossouvre. The 

other species recognized were B. nicklesi Grossouvre, 

B. seguens Grossouvre, and B. boisseUeri Grossouvre. 

Under B. haberfellneri Grossouvre included—in addition to Schliiter's Ammonites alstadenensis—A. petrocoriensis Coquand,4 A. neptuni Fritsch, and Schlonbach (not Geinitz),5 A. dentato-carinatus Fritsch and 

Schlonbach (not Roemer),6 A. paeon Redtenbacher,7 

and Buchiceras nardini Fallot.8 Grossouvre suggested 

also that Schloenbachia tunetana Peron 9 may be a 

Barroisiceras but stated that he did not know any 

Indian or American species.

Peron 10 in 1897 noted B. haberfellneri Grossouvre 

in Algeria, doubting, however, the validity of uniting 

with it Ammonites petrocoriensis Coquand.

Anderson n in 1902 included Barroisiceras in ScMoenbachia, referring to it two species, S. (B.) siskiyouensis

3 Sehliiter, Clemens, Cephalopoden der oberen deutschen Kreide: Palaeontographica, Band 24, p. 151, pi. 40, figs. 13-16, 1876.

4 Coquand, Henri, Synopsis des animaux et des v§g§taux fossiles observes dans la 

formation cretacee du sud-ouest de la France: Soc. geol. France Bull;, 2d ser., vol. 16, 

p. 995, 1858.

8 Fritsch, Anton, and Schlonbach, Urban, Cephalopoden der bohmisehen Kreideformation, p. 30, pi. 15, fig. 3, Prague, 1872.

e Idem, p. 32, pi. 16, figs. 1-3.

7 Redtenbacher, Anton, Die Cephalopodenfauna der Gosauschiehten in den 

nordostlichen Alpen: K.-k. geol. Beichsantsalt Abh., Band 5, p. 103, pi. 23, fig. 3, 

1875.

8 Fallot, J. E., fitude geologique sur les Stages moyens et superieurs du terrain 

cretace dans le sud-est de la France: Annales sci. g§ol., vol. 18, p. 241, pi. 3, figs. 

3-4,1885.

6 Peron, Alphonse, Description des inverte'bres fossiles des terrains cr§taces de la 

region sud des hauts-plateaux de la Tunisie recueillis en 1885 et 1886 par M. Philippe 

Thomas, pp. 21-23, pi. 17, figs. 6-8, 1893.

'» Peron, Alphonse, Les ammonites du Cretace superieur de 1' Algerie: Soc. geol. 

France Mem. 17, p. 48,1897.

11 Anderson, F. M., Cretaceous deposits of the Pacific coast: California Acad. Sci. 

Proc., 3d ser., vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 119-120,1902.

9
10 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY, 1931

Anderson and S. (B.) knighteni Anderson, from the 

lower part of the Chico formation of Oregon and 

California. It is difficult to judge Anderson's figures 

and descriptions, but the assignment to Barroisiceras 

seems doubtful because of the sigmoid curvature of 

the ribs, weak marginal tubercles, and other features. 

It is also highly probable that the lower Chico is 

older than any beds containing true Barroisiceras.

Hyatt 12 in 1900 in a general arrangement of the 

Ammonoidea assigned Barroisiceras to the family 

Mammitidae, giving only a brief discussion of the 

family. He included with Barroisiceras and Mammites 

his new genera Calycoceras and Metacanthoplites, the 

latter based on Ammonites rhotomagensis Defrance, 

now generally accepted as the genotype of Acanthoceras.

Hyatt 13 in 1903 interpreted the genus, apparently 

on the basis of Grossouvre's published data only, as 

possessing smooth, compressed young with continuous 

keel; successive later stages with ribs and a smooth 

keel; with ribs, nodes, and a nodose keel; finally with 

a smooth keel again. He considered the several varieties of B. haberfellneri to be distinct species and named 

one of Grossouvre's figured but unnamed variants of 

this species B. haueri.

Shattuck u in 1903 referred to Barroisiceras two 

species from the Buda limestone of Texas as B. texanum 

Shattuck and B. hyatti Shattuck. The horizon of 

these forms is considerably below that of other species 

included in the genus, and both have since been placed 

in Budaiceras Bose, as noted below.

Solger 15 in 1904, in a discussion of fossils from 

Kamerun, gave the first real description of Barroisiceras, which may be translated as follows:

Shell high-whorled and with rather narrow umbilicus except 

in the old-age stages of some forms. Periphery with a smooth 

or nodose keel accompanied on either side by a row of nodes or 

a smooth slope.

Flanks smooth or bearing rounded ribs, sometimes also 

umbilical nodes and a row of median-lateral nodes, both in 

smaller number than the marginal nodes, to which they send 

rounded ribs/

Suture with three saddles of about equal height, sometimes 

the beginning of a fourth. Lobes plump, toothed over the entire 

outline or running out into shoit, toothed branches. First 

lateral more strongly dissected on the external side than on the 

internal (umbilical) side. Saddles rounded, more or less clearly 

bifid.

Type: Barroisiceras haberfellneri (F. v. Hauer).

Solger thought Barroisiceras better separated from 

Tissotia by the general form of the lobes and the entire 

saddles of the second genus. He also considered it 

close to Mortoniceras, but separable by its smaller

u Hyatt, Alphens, in Zittel, K. A. von, Textbook of paleontology, 1st ed. (translated by C. R. Eastman), Ammonoidea, p. 688,1900.

18 Hyatt, Alpheus, Pseudoceratites of the Cretaceous: U. S. Qeol. Survey Mon. 44, 

p 104,1903.

" Shattuck, O. B., The Mollusca of the Buda limestone: U. S. Oeol. Survey 

Bull. 206, pp. 35-36, pi. 25,1903.

1S Solger, Friedrich, Die Fossilien der Mungokreide in Kamerun und ihre geologische Bedeutung, in Esch, Ernst, and others, Beitrftge zur Geologic von Kamerun, 

pt. 2, pp. 163-179, Stuttgart, 1904.

umbilicus and forked ribs, and to Gauthiericeras, but 

separable by its lesser involution, shallow furrows 

bordering the median keel, and the sharp decrease 

inward in the height of the sutural elements. Solger 

raised the variety desmoulinsi Grossouvre to specific 

rank because specimens from Africa studied by him 

and assigned to it possess a smooth keel at all stages, 

and he described the new species B. brancoi, dividing 

it into the two varieties mitis and armata.

Lasswitz 16 in 1904 assigned to Schloenbachia (Barroisiceras) a number of species from Texas, supposing 

them to be of Coniacian age. They have since been 

found to be much older and recently have been placed 

by Bose 17 for the greater part in his genus Budaiceras. 

Only the species dentatocarinatum Roemer 18 appears 

to be an authentic Barroisiceras.

Pervinquiere 19 in 1907 accepted Solger's diagnosis 

of the genus; added a new species, B. romieuxi, and a 

new variety, byzacenicum, of B. haberfellneri; and, 

following Grossouvre's suggestion, assigned to the 

genus Schloenbachia tunetana Thomas and Peron with 

a new variety, inerme, under it. He listed as species 

of Barroisiceras B. haberfellneri (Von Hauer), with 

varieties alstadenense (Schliiter), harlei Grossouvre, 

and byzacenicum Pervinquiere; B. nicklesi Grossouvre; 

B. desmoulinsi Grossouvre; B. tunetanum (Thomas and 

Peron), with variety inerme Pervinquiere; B. seguens 

Grossouvre; B. boisselleri Grossouvre; B. brancoi Solger, with varieties mite Solger and armatum Solger; 

and B. romieuxi Pervinquiere. He rejected B. texanum 

Shattuck and B. hyatti Shattuck as doubtful, a procedure justified by their later inclusion in Budaiceras. 

He did not note B. haueri Hyatt and ignored the forms 

cited by Lasswitz from Texas.

Weller *° in 1907 refigured and described as Barroisiceras dentato-carinatus Roemer a fragment of a whorl 

of an ammonite which Whitfield 31 had earlier figured 

as Ammonites dentato-carinatus. The specimen is 

hardly B. dentatocarinatum, for it is described as showing on the flanks "two lines of nodes which divide the 

surface into three nearly equal spaces," though it seems 

surely to be a Barroisiceras. The horizon and locality 

of the specimen are unknown, though Whitfield stated 

that it was labeled "Cretaceous of New Jersey" and 

suggested from the lithology that it might have come 

from the base of the "Lower Green Marls." This 

horizon is well above that of any species of Barroisiceras 

yet recorded from any part of the world, and the

i6 Lasswitz, Rudolf, Die Kreide-Ammoniten von Texas: Paleont. Abb., n. F., 

Band 6, pp. 246-250,1904.

« B6se, Einil, Cretaceous ammonites from Texas and northern Mexico: Texas 

Univ. Bull. 2748, pp. 91,162, 265, 1927.

w Roemer, Ferdinand, Die Kreidebildungen von Texas und ihre organisehen 

Einschlusse, p. 33, pi. 1, fig. 2, Bonn, 1852.

19 Pervinquiere, Leon, Etudes de palfiontologie tunisienne, pt. 1, Cfiphalopodes 

des terrains secondaires, pp. 379-385, Paris, 1907.

*> Weller, Stuart, Cretaceous paleontology of New Jersey: New Jersey Qeol. 

Survey, Paleont. ser., vol. 4, p. 836, pi. 101, figs. 5-6,1907.

21 Whitfield, R. P., Gasteropoda and Cephalopoda of the Raritan clays and 

greensand marls of New Jersey: U. S. Oeol. Survey Mon. 18, p. 260, pi. 41, figs. 3-4, 

1892.
THE UPPER CRETACEOUS GENUS BARROISICERAS 11

description of the lithology suggests to the writer that 

the specimen did not originate in New Jersey but came 

from some other source, possibly even as far away as 

the Austin chalk of Texas. The record is so doubtful 

that it would best be left out of consideration.

Boule, Lemoine, and Thevenin 22 in 1907 included 

Barroisiceras in Schloenbachia and reduced to the status 

of a variety of B. haberfellneri Grossouvre's B. nicklesi. 

They noted B. haberfellneri from Madagascar in the 

typical form and in the varieties harlei and nicklesi 

Grossouvre. A Senonian species described by them as 

Acanthoceras (Prionotropis) allaudi seems to the present 

writer almost surely a Barroisiceras.

Briiggen 23 in 1910 cited Barroisiceras haberfellneri 

and B. brancoi var. mite Solger from Peru, viewing the 

first species in the broad sense of Boule, Lemoine, and 

Thevenin.

Douville 24 in 1911 included Barroisiceras in the 

subfamily Mortoniceratinae under the family Pulchellidae, considering chiefly the suture. He placed 

the genus close to Prionocyclus and Prionotropis because 

of the dentate keel.

Smith 2S in 1913, in a general arrangement of the 

Ammonoidea, included Barroisiceras both in the subfamily Acanthoceratinae under the family Cosmoceratidae and in the family Prionotropidae. As the workwas 

a revision of Hyatt's earlier arrangement of the genera 

of ammonites, possibly the first assignment was an 

accidental inheritance from Hyatt and the second 

Smith's real opinion.

Liithy 2e> in 1918 identified Schloenbachia (Barroisiceras} brancoi var. mite Solger in Peru and a second, 

new but unnamed species.

Burckhardt 27 in 1919 described many fragmentary 

specimens of Barroisiceras from Mexico. He divided 

his specimens into four groups—(1) forms comparable 

to typical B. haberfellneri and to B. neptuni Fritsch 

and Schlonbach (not Geinitz), with ribs well developed 

and strong umbilical and marginal tubercles; (2) forms 

comparable to B. haberfellneri var. harlei Grossouvre, 

with ribs almost entirely suppressed and with umbilical 

and marginal tubercles fine and like short, delicate 

ribs; (3) forms comparable to B. petrocoriense Coquand and B. haberfellneri var. nicklesi Boule, Lemoine, 

and Thevenin (not Grossouvre), with weak ribs but 

strong umbilical and marginal tubercles; (4) forms 

comparable to B. alstadenense Solger (not of authors) 

and B. alstadenense (Schlilter), with ribs fairly well

M Boule, Marcellin, Lemoine, Paul, and Thevenin, Armand, Paleontologie de 

Madagascar; III, Cephalopodes crfitaces des environs de Di6go-Suarez: Annales 

de paleontologie, vol. 2, pp. 14, 23-25, 1907.

23 Briiggen, Hans, Die Fauna des unteren Senons von Nord-Peru: Neues Jahrb., 

Beilage-Band 30, pp. 730-733, 1910.

** Douville, Henri, Evolution et classification des pulchellides: Soc. geol. France 

Bull., 4th ser., vol. 11, p. 295,1911.

28 Smith, J. P., in Zittel, K. A. von, op. cit., 2d ed., Ammonoidea, pp. 669, 672, 

1913.

28 Liithy, Jacob, Beitrag zur Qeologie und Palaeontologie von Peru: Soc. paleont. 

Suisse Mem., vol. 43, pp. 48-50, pi. 4, figs. 1-2, 1918.

27 Burckhardt, Carlos, Faunas jurasicas de Symon (Zacatecas y faunas cretacieas 

de Zumpango del Rio (Qnerrero): Inst. geol. Mexico Bol. 33, pp. 99-108, pis. 24-25, 

1919.

marked but in some forms weak and with medianlateral tubercles in addition to the marginal tubercles, 

especially in youth. /

Broili x in 1924 included Barroisiceras in the Prionotropidae, giving the brief diagnosis:

Umbilicus narrow. Ribs mostly with lateral nodes, at which 

they fork, ending in marginal nodes. Saddles and lobes broad, 

little dissected.

Under the family diagnosis the suture is characterized as having bifid lateral lobes and one auxiliary lobe.

Scott M in 1926 assigned to Barroisiceras haberieUneri (Hauer) Roemer's 'Ammonites dentato-carinatus.

Adkins w in 1926 briefly characterized Barroisiceras 

as having a coarsely serrated carina and accepted 

B. dentatocarinatum (Roemer) as a valid species.

SPECIES RECORDED IN THE LITERATURE

The species and varieties recorded in the preceding 

summary of the literature and those described in this 

paper (pp. 15-19) constitute a rather varied assortment 

of forms. It has seemed worth while, as an aid in 

studying the genus, to state briefly the chief characters 

of each species and to attempt an arrangement into 

convenient groups on the basis of form and sculpture, 

even though the writer has had in hand material 

representing only the North American species and 

has had to use published descriptions and figures 

alone for the others. The species already removed 

from Barroisiceras and assigned to Budaiceras 

need no further consideration. Others originally 

called varieties seem in large part deserving of independent rank and are so treated. Some forms originally placed under a single name are separated, though 

in the absence of specimens new names are not applied. 

The groups, together with brief notes on the included 

species, are as follows:

I. Median-ventral nodes equal in number to the marginal nodes. 

1. Ribs straight.

A. Strong umbilical and marginal nodes, 

a. Ribs well developed.

haberfellneri (Hauer), s. s. Hauer, p. 300, 

pi. 1, figs. 1-4, 1866; Grossouvre, p. 51, 

pi. 1, figs. 1-3, 5 (not 4), 1894; Boule, 

Lemoine, and Thevenin, p. 43, pi. 11, 

fig. 3, 1907. Shell moderately stout; 

nodes strong, 6 to 9 per whorl at umbilicus, 

18 to 20 on venter. Large individuals 

lose the median-ventral nodes and acquire 

a concave venter bordered by the marginal 

nodes. Umbilicus one-sixth diameter. 

haueri Hyatt. Grossouvre, p. 51, pi. 2, 

fig. 1, 1894; Hyatt, p. 105, 1903. Much 

stouter than haberfellneri and with coarser 

sculpture. Umbilicus one-fifth diameter.

28 Broili, Ferdinand, in Zittel, K. A. von, Qrundzttge der Palaontologie (Palaozoologie), Abt. 1, Invertebrata, 6th ed., p. 593, Munich, 1924. Previous editions 

of this work treat Barroisiceras in the same manner.

29 Scott, Qayle, Etudes stratigraphiques et paleontologiques sur les terrains eretaces dn Texas: Qrenoble Univ. Annales, new ser., S*5i. sec., vol. 3, p. 109,1926.

3° Adkins, W. S., Handbook of Texas Cretaceous fossils: Texas Univ. Bull. 2838, 

pp. 203. 262, 1928.
12 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY, 1931

I. Median-ventral nodes equal in number to the marginal nodes. 

1. Ribs straight—Continued.

A. Strong umbilical and marginal nodes—Continued, 

a. Ribs well developed—Continued.

neptuni (Fritsch and Schlonbach) (not 

Geinitz). Fritsch and Schlonbach, p. 30, 

pi. 14, fig. 3, 1872. Much like, haberfellneri but with weaker sculpture. Umbilicus 

one-sixth diameter.

dentatocarinatum (Fritsch and Schlonbach) 

(not Roemer). Fritsch and Schlonbach, 

p. 32, pi. 16, figs. 1-3, 1872. Rather compressed, ribs on flanks weaker than in 

haberfellneri; nodes about same number as 

in haberfellneri, but umbilical nodes accentuated. Umbilicus one-fourth diameter.

paeon (Redtenbacher). Redtenbacher, p. 

103, pi. 23, fig. 3, 1875. Rather compressed; in earlier whorls 9 umbilical nodes 

and 24 ventral nodes; in later whorls 

ventral nodes unite in a high, smooth keel 

and marginal nodes weaken. Umbilicus 

one-eighth diameter. 

6. Ribs weak.

dentatocarinatum (Roemer). Roemer, p. 33, 

pi. 1, fig. 2, 1852. Shell much compressed; 

ventral nodes high and sharp; 5 umbilical, 

25 ventral nodes per whorl; in large adults 

the marginal nodes pass into distant blunt 

spines. Umbilicus one-fourth diameter.

petrocoriense (Coquand). Grossouvre, p. 51, 

pi. 2, fig. 5, 1894. In early stages ribs and 

nodes distinct, 8 umbilical and 18 ventral 

nodes per whorl; in later stages ribs 

and umbilical nodes vanish. Umbilicus 

one-sixth diameter.

dartoni Reeside. This paper, p. 16, pi. 6, 

figs. 8-10; pi. 5, figs. 8-9. Shell compressed, cross section of whorl high oval; 

11 umbilical, 20 marginal and ventral 

nodes per whorl, persisting to end of shell. 

Umbilicus two-sevenths diameter.

nicklesi Grossouvre. Grossouvre, p. 63, pi. 3, 

fig. 2, 1894. Shell much compressed; 8 

coarse umbilical and 20 ventral nodes per 

whorl; ribs obscure; keel faint and scarcely 

tuberculate in later stages. Mature cross 

section subquadrate. Umbilicus onefourth diameter.

nicklesi Boule, Lemoine, and Thevenin (not 

Grossouvre). Boule, Lemoine, and Thevenin, p. 45, pi. 11, fig. 2, 1907. Shell stouter 

than in nicklesi s. s., umbilicus smaller 

and umbilical nodes weaker; medianventral nodes persist to a larger stage. 

Umbilicus one-fifth diameter.

nardini (Fallot). FaUot, p. 241, pi. 3, figs. 

3-4, 1885. Shell compressed; 8 coarse 

umbilical and 16 marginal nodes per whorl; 

former on sharp umbilical shoulder; ribs 

weak in early stages and absent in middle 

and later stages. Mature cross section 

subquadrate. Umbilicus one-fifth diameter.

I. Median-ventral nodes equal in number to the marginal nodes. 

1. Ribs straight—Continued.

B. Median-lateral as well as umbilical and marginal

nodes.

a. Ribs distinct; median-lateral nodes not stronger 

than others; shell relatively compressed.

alstadenense (Schltiter). Schltiter, p. 151, 

pi. 40, figs. 13-16, 1876; Grossouvre, p. 51, 

pi. 1, fig. 4, pi. 2, fig. 4, 1894. In earlier 

stages 7 umbilical and median-lateral nodes 

and 21 ventral nodes per whorl; in later 

stages ribs and nodes disappear except 

marginal nodes. Umbilicus one-sixth diameter.

alstadenense Solger (not Schliiter). Solger, 

p. 170, pi. 5, fig. 6, 1904. Umbilical and 

median-lateral nodes weak, marginal and 

median-ventral nodes strong; ribs persist 

longer than in alstadenense s. s.; only 2 

marginal nodes for each umbilical node. 

Umbilicus one-fifth diameter.

sevierense Reeside. This paper, p. 16, pi. 4, 

figs. 4-8. Nodes and ribs moderately 

strong; 10 umbilical and median-lateral 

nodes, 16 marginal and median-ventral 

nodes per whorl, all persistent. Umbilicus 

one-fifth diameter.

b. Ribs very weak; median-lateral nodes prominent; shell relatively stout.

forresteri Reeside. This paper, p. 17, pi. 5, 

figs. 2-7. Blunt spinelike median-lateral 

and marginal nodes, weak umbilical and 

median-ventral nodes; 12 umbilical and 

median-lateral nodes, 18 marginal and 

median-ventral nodes per whorl. Umbilicus one-fourth diameter.

allaudi (Boule, Lemoine, and Thevenin). 

Boule, Lemoine, and Thevenin, p. 32, pi. 8, 

figs. 6-7; text, fig. 17, 1907. Blunt spinelike median-lateral and marginal nodes, 

weak umbilical and median-ventral nodes; 

15 umbilical and median-lateral nodes, 23 

marginal and median-ventral nodes per 

whorl. Umbilicus one-fourth diameter.

stantoni Reeside. This paper, p. 17, pi. 7, 

figs. 1-7; pi. 6, figs. 1-3; pi. 7, fig. 1. In 

early stages median-lateral nodes not much 

more prominent than the others; in later 

stages umbilical and median-lateral nodes 

are joined by high rib and become conspicuous; all the nodes persistent. Umbilicus 

one-third diameter.

hobsoni Reeside. This paper, p. 18, pi. 9, 

figs. 2-4; pi. 8, figs. 1-2. In early stages 

umbilical nodes fairly strong, others of 

same size; in later stages umbilical nodes 

disappear, each third median-lateral node 

becomes a strong blunt spine, and the 

median-ventral nodes weaken somewhat. 

Umbilicus one-third diameter.
THE UPPER CRETACEOUS GENUS BARROISICBRAS 13

I. Median-ventral nodes equal in number to the marginal nodes.

1. Bibs straight—Continued.

C. Sculpture very weak; ribs weak or absent; marginal 

nodes strongest, median-ventral next, 

umbilical nodes weak or absent. Shell 

compressed.

a. Small species with small umbilicus and sharpventered adults.

harlei Grossouvre. Grossouvre, p. 51, pi. 2, 

figs. 2, 7, 8, 1894; Boule, Lemoine, and 

Thevenin, p. 43, pi. 11, fig. 4, 1907. In 

early stages faint ribs, very weak elongated 

umbilical nodes, marginal and medianventral nodes; in later stages flanks, ventral 

slope, and keel smooth, only marginal nodes 

remain. Cross section of whorl subtriangular, .widest near umbilicus. Umbilicus 

one-eighth diameter.

byzacenicum Pervinquiere. Pervinquiere, p. 

381, 1907. Like harlei but with 6 rounded 

umbilical nodes per whorl.

castellense Reeside. This paper, p. 19, pi. 6, 

figs. 1-5. Ribs and nodes weak but persistent; 8 rounded umbilical nodes per 

whorl. Cross section of whorl suboval, 

widest at the middle. Umbilicus oneeighth diameter.

6. Large species with round-ventered adults; 

umbilicus large.

brancoi var. mite Solger. Solger, p. 174, pi. 

-5, figs. 4-5, 1904. In early stages umbilical nodes very weak, marginal and ventral 

nodes distinct, ribs 35 per whorl; in later 

stages ribs fade, nodes weaken, and venter 

becomes subrounded. Umbilicus one-sixth 

diameter.

brancoi var. armatum Solger. Solger, p. 177, 

pi. 5, figs. 1-2, 1904. In early stages ribs 

weak, 25 per whorl, umbilical nodes 

absent, marginal and ventral nodes strong; 

in later stages distantly spaced marginal 

spines replace marginal nodes, venter is 

rounded. Umbilicus one-fifth diameter.

romieuxi Pervinquiere. Pervinquiere, p. 383, 

pi. 12, fig. 12, 1907. Ribs only on outer 

half of flank, marginal and median-ventral 

nodes distinct at large stage. Cross section 

of whorl subquadrate. Umbilicus onefourth diameter.

2. Ribs sigmoid.

A. Keel nodose; ribs strong and coarse.

siskiyouense Anderson. Anderson, p. 119, 

pi. 1, figs. 19-20, 1902. Umbilical and 

marginal nodes, 25 marginal nodes per 

whorl; some intercalated ribs; marginal 

shoulder ill-defined. Umbilicus one-fourth 

diameter.

knighteni Anderson. Anderson, p. 119, pi. 1, 

figs. 1-4, pi. 2, figs. 39-40, 1902. Umbilical and marginal nodes, 30 marginal nodes 

per whorl; no intercalated ribs; marginal 

shoulder ill-defined. Umbilicus one-third 

diameter.

I. Median-ventral nodes equal in number to the marginal nodes. 

2. Ribs sigmoid.—Continued. 

B. Keel smooth; ribs weak.

sequens Grossouvre. Grossouvre, p. 64, pi. 3, 

fig. 1, 1894. Ribs broad, persistent into 

late stages; marginal nodes persistent. 

Umbilicus one-fourth diameter. 

boisselleri Grossouvre. Grossouvre, p. 65, 

pi. 3, fig. 3, 1894. Ribs narrow, persistent, 

fewer than in sequens; marginal nodes 

persistent. Umbilicus one-third diameter.

II. Median ventral nodes two or three times as numerous as 

marginal nodes.

tunetanum (Thomas and Peron). Peron, p. 

21, pi. 17, figs. 6-8,1893. Ribs and nodes 

persistent; 6 umbilical nodes, 24 marginal 

nodes, 58 median ventral nodes per whorl. 

Umbilicus one-fifth diameter.

inerme Pervinquiere. Pervinquiere, p. 382, 

pi. 12, fig. 11, 1907. Ribs and nodes distinct in earlier stages, only umbilical nodes 

persist in later stages and venter becomes 

rounded. Umbilicus one-fourth diameter.

III. Keel smooth at all stages.

desmoulinsi Grossouvre. Grossouvre, p. 51, 

pi. 2, fig. 6, 1894; Solger, p. 167, text figs. 

53 a-b, 1904.

SCOPE OF THE GENUS

Barroisiceras as conceived both by the proposer and 

by later authors seems to have an exceedingly wide 

scope and to include species departing much from the 

genotype species Barroisiceras haberfettneri. Some of 

this diversity in form and sculpture is due to ignorance 

of the stages of development of certain species—that 

is, only early stages of some species are known and only 

late stages of others, to the effect that they seem more 

strikingly unlike than they would be if similar stages 

were compared. Possibly some of the range of difference is accidental and is due to greater or lesser mechanical deformation of the specimens, presence or 

absence of the shell, difference in degree of corrosion, by 

weather, or other accidental conditions. Some of it is 

undoubtedly real.

Groups that seem to the writer to be inappropriate 

associates of Barroisiceras haberfellneri are (1) the 

species which have a continuous keel throughout life, 

as B. desmoulinsi (according to Solger); (2) the species 

with sigmoid ribs, as B, siskiyouense, B. knighteni, B. 

sequens, and B. boisselleri; and (3) the species with 

median-ventral nodes several times as numerous as 

the marginal nodes, as B. tunetanum and B. inerme. 

These groups are here excluded from the genus.

When these forms are removed from Barroisiceras 

the remaining six groups of species show marked similarities, though there are still some rather striking 

differences among them. In general the earlier stages
14 SHOETEE CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY, 1931

are much more alike than the later stages. The 

mature B. haberfellneri, for example, has a rather 

broad and concave venter, B. paeon has a smooth persistent high keel, B. harlei has an obtusely angulate 

venter, and B. brancoi has a rounded venter, though 

the earlier stages have many features in common. 

Some adults develop strong sculpture, others are nearly 

smooth. Some are much compressed shells, some are 

relatively stout.

All species of Barroisiceras have, at least in the early 

and middle stages, three rows of subequal nodes on the 

venter—one on the median line and one on each margin, forming a more or less sharply defined ventrolateral shoulder. Each median node is set forward of 

its corresponding pair of marginal nodes. Most species have also a row of nodes on the umbilical shoulder 

and some a row on the middle of the flank. The ribs 

are invariably straight, directed radially, and increase 

both by forking and intercalation. The suture is 

moderately dissected, has three or four rounded lateral 

saddles, all high, and a first lateral lobe as long as or 

longer than the siphonal lobe. The other lobes are 

small.

The six groups may be conveniently looked upon as 

subgenera, though doubtless some of the present-day 

students of ammonites would consider several of them 

genera.

The typical group, that of Barroisiceras haberfettneri (Hauer), contains small to medium-sized species, 

usually not much more than 100 millimeters in diameter. The cross section of the whorl is high and 

moderately compressed. The umbilicus is small, onefifth to one-eighth the diameter. The ribs are fairly 

strong and are ornamented by strong umbilical and 

marginal nodes. Large adults differ much. In J5. 

haberfellneri the median-ventral nodes fade out, but 

the marginal nodes remain and the venter is broad and 

concave; in B. paeon the median nodes fuse into a high 

smooth keel, but the marginal nodes weaken; in both 

species the ribs weaken greatly. Here belong B. 

haberfellneri, B. haueri, B. neptuni (Fritsch and 

Schlonbach), B. dentatocarinatum (Fritsch and Schlonbach), and B. paeon. This group is, of course, 

Barroisiceras s. s.

The group of Barroisiceras dentatocarinatum (Roemer) contains species that may reach a relatively 

large size, as much as 200 millimeters in diameter. 

The cross section of the earlier whorls is subtriangular, 

of the later whorls high and much compressed, subquadrate in most forms, oval in others. The umbilicus is relatively large, one-fourth or one-fifth the diameter. The ribs are weak in the early stages and disappear later, but the umbilical and marginal nodes 

remain strong and persistent. The median-ventral 

nodes remain throughout, becoming a faintly nodose 

keel. Here belong B. dentatocarinatum, B. petrocoriense, B. dartoni, B. nicklesi (jOrossouvre), B. nidelesi 

(Boule, Lemoine, and Thevenin), and B. nardini. 

For this subgeneric group the name Texasia is here 

proposed.

The group of Barroisiceras alstadenense contains 

small to medium-sized species, probably not exceeding 

100 millimeters in diameter. The cross section of the 

whorl is high and moderately compressed. The 

umbilicus is of medium size, one-fifth or one-sixth the 

diameter. The ribs are fairly strong and ornamented 

by a median-lateral row of nodes as well as umbilical, 

marginal, and median-ventral nodes. Here belong B. 

alstadenense (Schliiter), B. alstadenense (Solger), and B. 

sevierense. For this subgeneric group the name 

Alstadenites is proposed.

The group of Barroisiceras forresteri contains species 

that attain a large size, as much as 200 millimeters in 

diameter. The cross section of the whorl is stout, 

subquadrate. The umbilicus is relatively large, onethird or one-fourth the diameter. The ribs are weak, 

but the umbilical, median-lateral, marginal, and 

median-ventral nodes are strong, the median-lateral 

nodes in the later stages of some species becoming 

blunt spines. Here belong B. forresteri, B. allaudi, B. 

stantoni, and J5. hobsoni. For this subgeneric group 

the name Forresteria is proposed.

The group of Barroisiceras harlei contains small to 

medium-sized species, not much exceeding 100 millimeters in diameter. The cross section of the whorl is 

high and much compressed. The umbilicus is small, 

one-eighth the diameter. The sculpture is very weak; 

ribs weak or absent, marginal nodes only moderately 

strong, median-ventral weak, umbilical weak or absent. In late stages the shell is nearly smooth, with 

venter obtusely angulate. Here belong B. harlei, B. 

byzacenicum, and B. castettense. For this subgeneric 

group the name Harleites is proposed.

The group of Barroisiceras brancoi Solger contains 

fairly large shells, as much as 200 millimeters in 

diameter. The cross section is high and much compressed. The umbilicus is relatively large, one-fourth 

or one-fifth the diameter. The sculpture is very weak; 

ribs weak, the marginal and median-ventral nodes 

somewhat stronger, umbilical nodes very weak or 

absent. In adults the median-ventral nodes disappear and the venter is rounded. Here belong B. 

brancoi var. mite and B. romieuxi, B. brancoi var. armatum develops large, distant, blunt spines but otherwise 

agrees and may be tentatively included. For this 

subgeneric group the name Solgerites is here proposed.

Barroisiceras is superficially much like certain forms 

assigned to Prionotropis Meek of the Turonian. It 

has been much debated, for example, whether to 

admit Ammonites Jleuriausianus D'Orbigny31 into

M D'Orbigny, Alcide, PalSontologie francaise, Terrain cr6tac6, Cgphalopodes, p. 

350, pi. 107, 1841.
THE TJPPEE CRETACEOUS GENUS BAEEOISICEEAS 15

Barroisiceras, but it would seem better placed in 

Prionotropis, though certainly not typical. Prionotropis has simple ribs inclined forward on the flanks 

and bent sharply forward on the venter, of unequal 

prominence in the early stages, more nearly equal in 

the later stage. There are no umbilical nodes, but 

double marginal nodes; and the ventral nodes in 

early stages form a true, individualized keel. The 

umbilicus is relatively large. Several other genera 

also have been brought into comparison by authors. 

Gauthiericeras Grossouvre is separable by its continuous keel at all stages, simple ribs, and wide umbilicus. Tissotia Douville is easily separated by the 

suture, particularly by the entire saddles, and the 

continuous keel. Heterotissotia Peron has a truncated 

venter and lacks the median-ventral nodes. Psevdotissotia Peron has a continuous keel and very small 

umbilicus and differs in sutural detail.

NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF BARROISICERAS

Barroisiceras (Texasia) dentatocarinatum (Roemer) Lasswitz

Plate 3, Figures 1-10; Plate 4, Figures 1-3; Plate 5, Figure 1

1849. Ammonites dentato-carinatus Hoemer, Texas, p. 417. 

1852. Ammonites dentato-carinatus Roemer, Die Kreidebildungen von Texas, p. 33, pi. 1, figs. 2a, b, c. 

1904. Schloenbachia (Barroisiceras) dentato-carinata (Roemer).

Lasswitz, Paleont. Abh., n. F., vol. 6, p. 249. 

1926. Barroisiceras haberfellneri (Hauer) (part). Scott, Grenoble Univ. Annales, new ser., sci. sec., vol. 3, p. 109. 

1928. Barroisiceras dentatocarinatum (Roemer). Adkins, Texas

Univ. Bull. 2838, p. 252. 

Not 1872. Ammonites dentato-carinatus Roemer. Fritsch and

Schlonbach, Cephalopoden der bohmischen Kreideformation, p. 32, pi. 16, figs. 1-3. 

Not 1892. Ammonites dentato-carinatus Roemer. Whitfield,

U. S. Geol. Survey Mon. 18, p. 250, pi. 41, figs. 3-4. 

Not 1907. Barroisiceras dentato-carinatus (Roemer). Weller,

New Jersey Geol. Survey Paleont. Ser., vol. 4, p. 836,

pi. 101, figs. 5-6.

Diameter of shell, 3 inches (75 millimeters); height of last 

whorl, 1 inch 5 lines (35 millimeters); height of next to last whorl, 

8 lines (17 millimeters).

Shell discoid, compressed, umbilicate, keeled on the back 

(venter), ornamented on the flanks with nodes and poorly defined ribs. The whorls increasing rapidly in height, slowly in 

width, two-thirds covered. The flanks flat, almost parallel. 

The keel is interrupted and consists of large sharp-edged compressed teeth with rounded points. The back (venter) is bordered on either side by a row of nodes, which stand opposite the 

teeth of the keel and are 24 per whorl in number. From each of 

these nodes a weak fold runs toward the umbilicus. The most 

of these disappear, however, on the middle of the flank or 

beyond it. Only a few folds, indeed each third or fourth, reach 

the umbilicus and end in a blunt node standing on the edge of 

the steeply descending umbilical wall. Six such nodes are present 

on each side of a whorl. The lobes of the septum are strongly dissected and branched. Individual branches of the lobes are very 

slender and run out into pointed ends. The dorsal (ventral) 

lobe almost as deep as the first lateral lobe; the second lateral 

lobe much less deep and narrower than the first. In addition 

an oblique-lying small auxiliary Iqbe.

This beautiful species, excellently characterized by its flat, 

discoid form and its keel of distant, compressed teeth, is different from all other known species. * * *

Occurrence: Waterfall of the Guadalupe near New Braunfels. 

(Translated from Roemer, 1852.)

The great compression of the whorls, at least in 

part secondary, of all the available specimens and 

figures of this species makes comparisons of form 

difficult. It was very likely a much compressed species 

at all stages, however, even before fossilization. In 

sculpture its weak ribs from a diameter of 20 millimeters to that of 150 millimeters and the development 

of blunt spines in the very large stages separate it 

from most other species with only marginal and 

umbilical nodes. From B. petrocoriense Coquand 32 it 

differs in the earlier stages in its weaker ribs, larger 

umbilicus, and higher, coarser keel.

One of the specimens here figured, an internal mold 

collected by L. W. Stephenson, is from the type locality. It is smaller than the type and differs, if Roemer's 

figure and description are accurate, in that the medianventral nodes are not opposite those of the margins 

of the venter, but each lies somewhat forward of the 

corresponding marginal nodes, as in other species of 

Barroisiceras. Possibly the original description is 

faulty in this detail, but only the type itself can 

settle the matter. The umbilicus is a trifle wider and 

the ribs and nodes somewhat fewer—20 as against 24 

noted by Roemer.

A large internal mold, probably representing a nearly 

complete shell and associated with Inoceramus aff. /. 

defomnis Meek, was collected byJSL H. Darton at a 

locality north of Hondo, Tex. The earliest whorls 

exposed, at a diameter of 80 millimeters, are at a 

larger stage than the type or the other specimens in 

hand but agree sufficiently well with them to warrant 

the assignment of the specimen to B. dentatocarinatum. The later stages present features of considerable interest. The cross section of the whorl is high, 

subrectangular. The sculpture continues with little 

change to the stage at a diameter of 150 millimeters. 

There the marginal nodes, instead of remaining subequal, begin to differ in size, each third one on the 

remainder of the shell becoming a prominent blunt 

spine, whereas the intervening nodes become even 

smaller than those on the earlier parts of the shell. 

A little more than the last half whorl of this specimen 

is unseptate, the maximum diameter being 210 millimeters. The aperture is not preserved.

Another internal mold of part of a whorl, collected 

by T. W. Stanton at a locality in the Rio Grande 

Valley, agrees well with the species.

Formation and localities: Austin chalk at the falls 

of the Guadalupe River, 2 miles below the bridge east 

of New Braunfels, Comal County, Tex.; Cow Creek 

below Pinto Creek, about 24 miles below Del Rio,

32 Qrossouvre, Albert de, op. cit., p. 51, pL 2, fig. 5.
16 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY, 1931

Tex.; Verde Creek, 8 miles north of Hondo, Medina 

County, Tex.

Barroisiceras (Texasia) dartoni Reeside, n. sp.

Plate 6, Figures 8-10; Plate 7, Figures 8-9

One internal mold, somewhat compressed and not 

showing the sutures, is the basis of this species. 

Probably the last three-fifths of a whorl represents 

the living chamber, as the preceding part of the shell 

is much more compressed. The maximum diameter 

preserved is 145 millimeters; the earliest stage showing the venter, a volution earlier, is about 70 millimeters in diameter, though the flanks of the next 

preceding whorl, to a diameter of perhaps 25 millimeters, show in the umbilicus.

Shell a moderately stout disk. Very early stages 

unknown. Cross section of the whorl oval, twice as 

high as wide, with flanks evenly convex from the 

umbilical shoulder to the marginal nodes of the venter 

and with the ventral slope nearly flat. Umbilicus 41 

millimeters wide at the maximum diameter, or twosevenths the diameter; 25 millimeters at 70 millimeters diameter, or one-third the diameter; umbilical 

shoulder distinct, slightly rounded; umbilical wall high 

and at right angles to the flank. Aperture unknown.

Sculpture of the whorl shown in the umbilicus, ending at the diameter of 70 millimeters, consists of 9 

poorly defined umbilical nodes and 9 broad, fairly 

high primary ribs. The next whorl, to the end of 

the specimen, shows 11 umbilical nodes, some high and 

distinct, others obscure, perhaps owing to the manner 

of preservation. The 11 primary ribs on each flank 

of the whorl are broad and ill defined, though nearly 

all of them clearly fork, and the resulting secondary 

ribs end in 20 conical marginal nodes. Corresponding 

to each transverse pair of marginal nodes and slightly 

forward of them is a median-ventral node, high, much 

elongated. In the type specimen, as it now stands, 

most of these median-ventral nodes are suggested 

rather than actually represented on the median line, 

but there is no doubt that they were originally present 

and perhaps were high and bladelike on the shell 

itself. The sculpture as a whole is weak.

Suture dimly suggested at several places but nowhere enough to show the gross form.

B. dartoni is characterized by the ovate cross section 

of the whorl and by the weak sculpture, with only two 

rows of nodes on the flanks. It is not very much 

like any of the American species except possibly B. 

dentatocarinatum but differs from it in the shape of 

the cross section of the whorl and the lesser prominence 

of the marginal nodes of the later stages. Possibly 

the form noted on page 19 as Barroisiceras sp. is the 

young of B, dartoni, but the writer prefers to hold 

them separate for the present. None of the European 

species seems close to B. dartoni.

This species is named for Mr. N. H. Darton, who 

collected the type specimen.

Formation and locality: Austin chalk near the 

^abinal-Utopia road, 5 miles north of Sabinal, Uvalde 

County, Tex., associated with Inoceramus aff. /. 

deformis Meek and Gfryphaea aff. G. aucella Roemer.

Barroisiceras (Alstadenites) sevierense Reeside, n. sp.

Plate 4, Figures 4-8

One entirely septate internal mold showing a full 

whorl and the umbilical part of the preceding whorl is 

the basis of this species. Maximum diameter preserved is 60 millimeters; earliest stage showing the 

Venter is at 25 millimeters diameter.

Shell a moderately stout disk. Very early stages 

unknown. Cross section of whorl at 25 millimeters di-. 

ameter roughly hexagonal; at 60 millimeters somewhat 

higher and with the flanks somewhat less convex. 

Umbilicus 14 millimeters wide at 60 millimeters diameter, between one-fourth and one-fifth the diameter; 

umbilical shoulder distinct, slightly rounded; umbilical wall high and at right angles to the flank. 

Living chamber and aperture unknown.

Sculpture of the visible part of the whorl, from a 

diameter of 12 millimeters to that of 25 millimeters, 

consists of 9 umbilical nodes connected by coarse 

rounded primary ribs with 9 median-lateral nodes, 

which lie on the line of involution. The succeeding 

whorl bears 10 conical umbilical nodes; 10 low, 

rounded primary ribs; and 10 conical median-lateral 

nodes, at not quite half the distance across the flank. 

At the line of the median-lateral nodes several of the 

ribs fork and several secondary ribs are intercalated, 

with the effect that there are 16 secondary ribs which 

end at 16 marginal nodes, somewhat elongated transversely. On the median-ventral line .there are 16 

elongated nodes only faintly connected with the corresponding pairs of marginal nodes. The ribs are of 

even height throughout and the sculpture as a whole 

only moderately strong.

Suture moderately dissected, the first lateral lobe 

subequal to the siphonal lobe and the second lateral 

lobe much smaller; no distinct third lobe. First 

lateral saddle about one and one-half times the width 

of the first lateral lobe. Lobes and saddles both 

rounded in contour, though the lobes are trifid.

B. sevierense is characterized by its moderate stoutness, narrow umbilicus, and evenness and persistence 

of the sculpturing, with its three rows of nodes and 

connecting ribs. It resembles the younger stages of B. 

stantoni, but differs in its more compressed shell, less 

numerous ribs, and small umbilicus. From B. hobsoni 

it differs at all stages in its compressed shell and narrower umbilicus; in later stages it lacks the large 

spines of hobsoni. It is most like B. alstadenense 

(Schliiter) 33 but is stouter and has more persistent, 

stronger, and coarser sculpture. From B. alstadense

as Schliiter, Clemens, op. cit., p. 151, pi. 40, figs. 13-16. Grossouvre, Albert de, 

op. cit., p. 51, pi. 1, fig. 4; pi. 2, fig. 4.
THE UPPER CRETACEOUS GENUS BARROISICERAS 17

Solger ^not Schliiter) 34 it differs in its more persistent 

and coarser sculpture, having scarcely two-thirds as 

many ribs and nodes.

The specific name is derived from Sevier County, 

Utah, where the specimen was found by the late 

Robert Forrester, of Salt Lake City, Utah.

Formation and locality: Mancos shale, 200 feet 

above the Ferron sandstone member, at a locality in 

Sevier County, Utah, 4 miles east of Oak Spring and 

about 12 miles west of south of Emery. In the same 

beds were Barroisiceras jorresteri, B. castellense; 

species as yet unnamed of Scaphites, Bacvlites, Placenticeras, " Helicoceras," and Eutrephoceras; Inoceramus 

deformis Meek, and other pelecypods. At near-by 

localities the upper part of the Ferron sandstone 

member contains Prionocyclus wyomingensis Meek, 

P. macombi Meek, Prionotropis hyatti Stanton, Scaphites warreni Meek and Hayden, Ostrea lugubris 

Conrad, and Inoceramus fragilis Hall and Meek.

Barroisiceras (Forresteria) forresteri Reeside, n. sp.

Plate 5, Figures 2-7

One entirely septate internal mold showing parts 

of two whorls is the basis of this species. The entire 

whorl from a diameter of 13 millimeters to that of 28 

millimeters is present, though only about half of it is 

completely exposed; and the half whorl from a diameter of 42 millimeters to that of 55 millimeters is 

preserved.

Shell a very stout, spinose ovoid. At a diameter of 

14 millimeters the width of the whorl is three-fourths 

the height (4.5 by 6 millimeters) but gradually 

changes until at the diameter of 28 millimeters the 

whorl is as wide as high, excluding the nodes, and onefifth wider than high, including the nodes (16 by 13 

millimeters). At about 50 millimeters diameter the 

whorl is 25 millimeters high and 25 millimeters wide, 

excluding the nodes, and 33 millimeters wide across 

the. nodes. The general aspect of the later crosssection is depressed hexagonal. Umbilicus between 

one-third and one-fourth the diameter; umbilical 

shoulder fairly distinct and somewhat rounded; umbilical wall steep. Living chamber and aperture unknown. • Sculpture from 14 millimeters diameter to 20 millimeters diameter, a half whorl, shows no umbilical 

nodes; 6 rounded primary ribs which end hi conical 

median-lateral nodes and there mostly divide into 

secondary ribs, which in turn, end in conical marginal 

nodes 10 hi mumber; median-ventral nodes, each 

placed somewhat forward of the corresponding marginal nodes. On the succeeding half whorl, to 28 

millimeters diameter, weak umbilical nodes appear 

and the median-lateral and marginal nodes increase in 

relative strength. On the final half whorl preserved

*< Solger, Friedrien, op. cit., p. 170, pi. 5, fig. 6.

in the type the umbilical nodes are still weak, the ribs 

very weak, but the median lateral nodes have become 

blunt spines; the marginal nodes are still strong, but 

the median-ventral nodes are relatively weaker.

The suture shows the siphonal and first lateral lobes 

subequal in length, the second lateral lobe short, and 

the third very small; the first lateral saddle a little 

wider than the siphonal lobe; the first lateral lobe 

rounded-trifid, the second lateral lobe almost on the 

umbilical shoulder.

Barroisiceras Jorresteri is characterized by its stout 

shell and strong sculpture, particularly the development of the median-lateral and marginal nodes into 

blunt spines. The writer knows no close American 

relatives. B. desmovlinsi Grossouvre 35 has the general 

aspect of B. Jorresteri but lacks the median-lateral 

nodes and is said to have a smooth, continuous keel at 

all stages.36

B. jorresteri seems very close indeed to the form 

from the Senonian of Diego-Suarez, Madagascar, 

described by Boule, Lemoine, and Thevenin 37 as 

Acanthoceras (Prionotropis} allaudi, which seems to 

the writer to be a species of Barroisiceras. B. forresteri 

differs chiefly hi its fewer ribs and nodes.

The species is named for the late Robert Forrester, 

of Salt Lake City, Utah, who collected the type.

Formation and locality: Same as for B. semerense.

Barroisiceras (Forresteria) stantoni Reeside, n. sp.

Plate 7, Figures 1-7; Plate 8, Figures 1-3; Plate 9, Figure 1

This species is based on two internal molds from 

the same locality—a larger one, chosen as the type, 

with a maximum diameter of 130 millimeters, and a 

smaller one, with a maximum diameter of 39 millimeters. The part of the shell at less than 50 millimeters diameter shows only in the umbilicus of the 

larger specimen, and that below 14 millimeters only 

in the umbilicus of the smaller specimen.

Shell a thick disk, of medium size for the genus. 

Cross section roughly hexagonal from a diameter of 14 

millimeters to 80 millimeters (about the position of the 

last septum of the type), being relatively high in the 

early stages and much more depressed and broadventered in the later stages; cross section of the living 

chamber subquadrate. Umbilicus 40 millimeters wide 

at the end of the type, a little less than one-third the 

diameter, but in the earlier stages it is proportionately 

smaller, being a little more than one-fifth the diameter 

at 39 millimeters. Umbilical shoulders abrupt at all 

stages seen, with inner wall nearly at right angles to. 

the-flank. Living chamber of type occupies threefourths of last whorl, aperture unknown.

35 Grossouvre, Albert de, op. cit., p. 51, pi. 2, fig. 6.

36 Solger, Friedrich, op. cit., p. 167.

'» Boule, Mareellin, Lemoine, Paul, and Thevenin, Armand, op. cit., p. 32, pi. 8, 

figs. 6-7, text fig. 17.
18 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY, 1931

Sculpture at the diameter of 10 millimeters shown 

only in the umbilicus of the smaller specimen, where 

there are rather coarse primary ribs without welldefined umbilical nodes; any other nodes that may be 

present are covered by the succeeding whorl. At 14 

millimeters diameter umbilical, median-lateral, marginal, and median-ventral nodes are present, numbering 

on the succeeding whorl (to 39 millimeters diameter) 

11 umbilical, 12 median-lateral, 19 marginal and median-ventral ; the umbilical and median-lateral nodes are 

conical, the marginal and median-ventral elongated; 

5 of the primary ribs fork at the median-lateral line 

of nodes (outside the mid line of the flank), and there 

are two intercalated secondary ribs; ribs of even height 

throughout. At a diameter of 50 millimeters the 

umbilical and median-lateral nodes, both blunt conical, 

and the connecting ribs begin to increase in relative 

prominence and the median row shifts toward the 

umbilicus; on the 'other hand the secondary ribs on the 

outer part of the flank decrease much in prominence, 

though the marginal tubercles remain high; the 

median-ventral nodes decrease somewhat in height. 

The last half whorl of the type, from 80 millimeters to 

130 millimeters diameter, is much corroded, but apparently the median-ventral nodes are distinct to the 

end of the shell, the umbilical and median-lateral 

nodes and the primary ribs fuse into a lateral rib, and 

the marginal nodes become more prominent.

The suture at 25 millimeters diameter shows the 

usual character of moderate dissection; first lateral 

lobe subequal to the siphonal lobe; second lateral lobe 

much smaller; an ill-defined, broad third lobe; first 

lateral saddle about twice as broad as the first lateral 

lobe. At 65 millimeters diameter the suture is much 

the same, with all the elements rather rounded 

terminally.

B. stantoni is characterized by its relatively wide 

umbilicus in the later stages, its stout shell with hexagonal cross section of the whorl passing into subquadrate, the prominence of the umbilical and medianlateral nodes and the connecting primary ribs, and the 

persistence of the marginal and median-ventral nodes. 

In the early stages it resembles B. sevierense somewhat 

but is much stouter at equal diameters and has more 

numerous ribs. In the later stages it is somewhat like 

B. hobsoni but differs in its broader venter, the lack 

of large spines, and coarser sculpture. No species 

outside of America is very close in the later stages, 

though B. alstadenense (Schiilter) 33 resembles it in 

the early stages,being separable by weaker sculpture 

and more compressed shell. B. alstadenense Solger 

(not Schliiter) 39 also is more compressed and has less 

conspicuous median-lateral nodes.

as Sehliiter, Clemens, op. cit., p. 151, pi. 40, figs. 13-16. Orossouvre, Albert de, 

op. cit., p. 51, pi. 1, fig. 4, pi. 2, fig. 4. 

** Solger, Friedrich, op. cit., p. 170, pi. 5, fig. 6.

The species is named for Dr. T. W. Stanton, who 

collected the type and paratype.

Formation and locality: A sandstone in T. 33 N., 

R. 99 W., southeast of Lander, Wyo., included in the 

Frontier formation. The associated species include 

Scaphites ventricosus Meek and Hayden, Scaphites sp. 

undescribed, Inoceramus aff. I.fragilis Hall and Meek, 

/. stantoni Sokolow, and other pelecypods and gastropods. A sandstone 200 feet higher contains 

Scaphites ventricosus, Scaphites sp. undescribed (same 

as above), Placenticeras pseudoplacenta Hyatt, Inoceramus stantoni, I. aff. /. erectus Meek, and other 

mollusks. A third sandstone, apparently 300 feet 

higher still but possibly a duplication of the last, 

constituting the highest member of the Frontier, 

contains Scaphites ventricosus, Mortoniceras shoshonense 

Meek, Baculites codyensis Reeside, Inoceramus stantoni, 

I. umbonatus Meek and Hayden, and other mollusks. 

A sandstone 150 feet below that containing B. stantoni 

contains Inoceramus sp. and fossil plants *° and is the 

base of the Frontier formation.

Barroisiceras (Forresteria) hobsoni Reeside, n. sp.

Plate 9, Figures 2-4; Plate 10, Figures 1-2

A single entirely septate internal mold with a 

maximum diameter of 170 millimeters is the basis of 

this species.

Shell a stout disk, large for the genus, for a complete 

shell would certainly exceed 225 millimeters in diameter. Early stages unknown. At a diameter of 75 

millimeters the cross section of the whorl is roughly 

hexagonal, but in the succeeding whorl (to 170 millimeters) it becomes more nearly subquadrate. Living 

chamber and aperture unknown. Umbilicus wide for 

the genus, 58 millimeters at a diameter of 170 millimeters or one-third the diameter; umbilical shoulder 

distinct and rather sharp; umbilical wall at right 

angles to the flank.

Sculpture at earliest stage seen, the half whorl from 

70 millimeters to 90 millimeters diameter consists of 

7 primary ribs passing from a very weak umbilical 

node to the middle of the flank, where each bears a 

low but distinct node; 4 of the primary ribs fork at 

the median-lateral node and the ribs then pass to the 

11 rather high marginal nodes; from these faint ribs 

run diagonally forward to the high, much elongated, 

median-ventral nodes, which form a coarsely serrate 

keel. On the succeeding three-fourths of a whorl (to 

170 millimeters diameter) the umbilical nodes and 

primary ribs fade out completely; the median-lateral 

nodes gradually change in prominence, so that each 

third node becomes a large blunt spine and the others 

weaken; the spines move outward, so that the last 

preserved is nearly flush with the ventral surface; the

<» Berry, E. W., The flora of the Frontier formation: U. 8. Geol. Survey Prof. 

Paper 168, pp. 129-135, pis. 20-21, 1930.
THE UPPER CRETACEOUS GENUS BARROISICERAS 19

marginal nodes become coarser and blunt but relatively 

lower; the median-ventral nodes begin to lose their 

distinctness, at least on the internal mold, and appear 

to unite in a nearly smooth low keel.

Suture not well preserved, but enough may be 

discerned to show a long, slender first lateral lobe; first 

lateral saddle nowhere clear but seems to be about 

twice as wide as the first lateral lobe; second lateral 

lobe small and near the umbilical shoulder.

B. hobsoni is best characterized by its relatively 

wide umbilicus, fairly stout shell with hexagonal cross 

section passing into subquadrate, and the stout, widely 

spaced spines of the later stages. It is not very close 

to any species outside of America. B. stantoni is most 

like hobsoni in the earlier stages but may easily be 

separated by its broader venter and coarser sculpture— 

fewer ribs per whorl, more conspicuous umbilical nodes 

and primary ribs. In the later stages the umbilical 

nodes persist, and most other features of the ornamentation differ. Barroisiceras sp. No. 7 of Burckhardt 41 

has stout median-lateral nodes but seems to have a 

rather small umbilicus.

The species is named for Mr. W. A. Hobson, of 

Carlile Springs, Colo., who found the 'type specimen.

Formation and locality: The exact locality and horizon are not recorded, but there is little doubt because of 

the constitution of the matrix, that it came from the 

Timpas limestone, of Niobrara age, somewhere in the 

vicinity of Carlile Springs, Colo. The matrix contains abundant fragments of the shell of Inoceramus 

and abundant Globigerina.

Barroisiceras (Harleites) castellense Reeside, n. sp.

Plate 6, Figures 1-5

One entirely septate internal mold showing a complete whorl from the diameter of 20 millimeters to 

that of 48 millimeters and small parts of the inner 

whorls is the basis of this species.

Shell a compressed disk. Cross section of the whorl 

a high oval, nearly symmetrical, with widest part 

about the middle; at latest stage preserved the cross 

section is 28 millimeters high and 16 millimeters wide. 

Inner whorls below 16 millimeters diameter much 

stouter in proportions, though still oval in cross section. 

Umbilicus narrow, 5 nulHmeters wide at 48 millimeters 

diameter—that is one-ninth the diameter; umbilical 

shoulder sharp and inner wall steep. Living chamber 

and aperture unknown.

Sculpture of the outer whorl of the type shows 8 

low but distinct conical umbilical nodes, from each 

of which a flattened low primary rib passes outward 

to the middle of the flank, there passing into several 

obscure secondary ribs; other secondary ribs are inter-

« Burckhardt, Carlos, op, cit., p. 107, pi. 26, figs. 16,17.

calated. All these ribs are plainer on the early part 

of the whorl and decrease in distinctness toward the 

later part, suggesting that still later whorls would be 

smooth. The parts of the earlier whorls seen, particularly from 4 to 11 millimeters diameter, show about 

25 distinct ribs per whorl on the outer part of the flank, 

though the umbilical part shows only weak, distant 

ribs and no nodes. On the outer whorl the rather 

obscure ventrolateral shoulder is marked by a row of 

38 rounded nodes, from which weak ribs run diagonally 

forward to the median-ventral nodes.

The suture shows a relatively slender first lateral 

lobe only slightly longer than the siphonal lobe, small 

second lateral lobe, and very small third lateral lobe. 

First lateral saddle about one and one-half times as 

wide as the siphonal lobe.

B. castellense is characterized by its compressed 

form, the weak sculpture, umbilical nodes, and the 

oval cross section of the whorl. It is most like B. 

harlei Grossouvre ^ but differs in the umbilical nodes, 

greater persistence of both ribs and nodes, lesser 

distinctness of the ventrolateral shoulder, and the 

oval cross section of the whorl. From B. byzacenica 

Pervinquiere & it differs in the oval cross section of the 

whorl and the relatively persistent ribs and nodes, 

though resembling it in the presence of umbilical 

nodes.

The name is derived from that of Castle Valley, 

Utah, the physiographic feature formed by the Mancos 

shale of the region where the type was found by the 

late Kobert Forrester.

Formation and locality: Mancos shale, 200 feet 

above the Ferron sandstone member, at a locality in 

Sevier County, Utah, 4 miles east of Oak Spring and 

12 miles south of Emery.

Barroisiceras sp.

Plate 6, Figures 6-7

A single much compressed, entirely septate internal 

mold preserving nearly half a whorl with a maximum 

diameter of 80 millimeters is related to B. dentatocarinatum in its possession of weak ribs but differs in 

lacking well-defined, strong umbilical and marginal 

nodes, though both are present in feeble development. 

The suture is much like that of B. dentatocarinatum. 

Better material is needed before adequate description 

may be made, and the specimen would best remain 

unnamed, though it is possibly a new species.

Formation and locality: Austin chalk on Cow Creek 

below Pinto Creek, about 24 miles below Del Rio, Tex., 

associated with B. dentatocarinatum.

42 Orossouvre, Albert de, op. cit., p. 51, pi. 2, figs. 2, 7, 8. Boule, Marcellin, 

Lemoine, Paul, and Thevenin, Armand, op. cit., p. 49, pi. 11, fig. 4. Solger, Friedrich, op. cit., p. 172, text figs. 58-61.

« Pervinquiere, Leon, op. cit., p. 381.

PLATES 3-10

21
PLATE 3

1-10. Barroisiceras (Texasia) dentatocarinatum (Roemer) Lasswitz__---_-_-------___----_-----_--___ — ______________ 15

1-3. Side and front view and suture of the type specimen, from the Austin chalk at the falls of the Guadalupe

River, 2 miles below the bridge east of New Braunfels, Comal County, Tex. (Copied from Roemer, Die

Kreidebildungen von Texas, pi. 1, figs. 2a-c, 1852.) 

4-8. Front, rear, and side views, cross section, and suture at diameter of 45 millimeters of a small, entirely

septate internal mold from the type locality of the species. IT. S. Nat. Mus. catalogue No. 73753. 

9-10. Front view and cross section of a nearly complete internal mold from the Austin chalk on Verde Creek,

8 miles north of Hondo, Medina County, Tex. IT. S. Nat. Mus. catalogue No. 73754. 

22
3 PLATE 170 PAPER PROFESSIONAL SURVEY GEOLOGICAL S. U. 

63036°-32——2 BARROISICERAS OF SPECIES 
4 PLATE 170 PAPER PROFESSIONAL, SURVEY GEOLOGICAL, S. IT. 

BARROISICERAS OF SPECIES 
PLATE 4

Page 

1-3. Barroisiceras (Texasia) dentatocarinatum (Roemer) Lasswitz__ _________________________________________________ 15

1-2. Peripheral and side views of a fragment from the Austin chalk on Cow Creek below Pinto Creek, about

24 miles below Del Rio, Tex. U. S. Nat. Mus. catalogue No. 73755. 

3. Side view of specimen shown in Plate 3, Figures 9-10.

4-8. Barroisiceras (Alstadenites) sevierense Reeside, n. sp., side, front, and rear views, cross section, and suture at diameter 

of 42 millimeters of the type, an entirely septate internal mold from the Mancos shale, 200 feet above the top of 

the Ferron sandstone member, at a locality in Sevier County, Utah, 4 miles east of Oak Spring and 12 miles southwest of Emery. U. S. Nat. Mus. catalogue No. 73756_---_----__-____-___---___------_--__----------------.- 16

23
PLATE 5

Page 

1. Barroisiceras (Texasia) dentatocarinatitm (Roemer) Lasswitz, side view of specimen shown in Plate 3, Figures 9-10, with

part of outer whorl removed___---_-_______-,___-_-___-_---_-_-_---_,.___---_-___-_-_-_--__ .-_.__ 15

2-7. Barroisiceras (Forresterid) forresteri Reeside, n. sp., two side views, front and rear views, cross section, and suture at 

diameter of 36 millimeters of the type, an entirely septate internal mold from the Mancos shale, 200 

feet above the top of the Ferron sandstone member, at a locality in Sevier County, Utah, 4 miles east of 

Oak Spring and 12 miles southwest of Emery. U. S. Nat. Mus. catalogue No. 73757__-______________ 17

24
IT. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 170 PLATE 5

SPECIES OF BARROISICERAS
U. K. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 170 PLATE 6

10

SPECIES OF BARROISICERAS
PLATE 6

Page

1-5. Barroisiceras (Harleites) castellense Reeside, n. sp., side, rear, and front views, cross section, and suture at diameter of 

36 millimeters of the type, an entirely septate internal mold from the Mancos shale, 200 feet above the 

top of the Ferron sandstone member, at a locality in Sevier County, Utah, 4 miles east of Oak Spring and 

12 miles southwest of Emery. U. S. Nat. Mus. catalogue No. 73758-_____________________________ 19

6-7. Barroisiceras sp. Side and rear views of an internal mold retaining parts of the shell from the Austin chalk on Cow

Creek below Pinto Creek, about 24 miles below Del Rio, Tex. U. S. Nat. Mus. catalogue No. 73759---- 19

8-10. Barroisiceras (Texasia) dartoni Reeside, n. sp., side and front views and cross section of the type, an internal mold from 

the Austin chalk near the Sabinal-Utopia road, 5 miles north of Sabinal, Uvalde County, Tex. U. S. 

Nat. Mus. catalogue No. 73760____- —......._.-___.. —— .__ — —— ._... — — — -------- — — 16

25
PLATE 7

Page 

1-7. Barroisiceras (Forresteria) stantoni Reeside, n. sp., from the Frontier formation in T. 33, N., R. 99 W., southeast of

Lander, Wyo. U. S. Nat. Mus. catalogue No. 73761 ______---_____.---__-_-___-_--_-_---_-_--_--- 17

1-2. Front view and suture at diameter of 60 millimeters of the type, an internal mold showing part of the

living chamber. 

3-7. Side, front, and rear views, cross section, and suture at diameter of 27 millimeters of the paratype, a small

internal mold retaining traces of the shell. 

8-9. Barroisiceras (Texasia) dartoni Reeside, n. sp., side and rear views of the specimen shown in Plate 6, Figures 8-10-__ 16

26
IT. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 170 PLATE 7

SPECIES OF BARROISICERAS
TJ. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 170 PLATE 8

SPECIES OF BARROISICERAS
PLATE 8

Page 

1-3. Barroisiceras (Forresteria) stantoni Reesidc, n. sp., side and rear views and cross section of the specimen shown in Plate 7,

Figures l-2_____________________________________________________________________________ 17

27
PLATE 9

Page 

1. Barroisiceras (Forresteria) stantoni Reeside, n. sp., side view of the specimen shown in Plate 7, Figures 1-2..___________ 17

2-4. Barroisiceras (Forresteria) hobsoni Reeside, n. sp., front and rear views and suture of the type, an entirely septate

internal mold from the Tinipas limestone, of Niobrara age, near Carlile Springs, Colo. U. S. Nat. Mus.

catalogue No. 73762_..____.___.______._____._.___.__..______-___--______--__-.----_._-____.---- 18

28
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 170 PLATE 9

SPECIES OF BARROISICERAS
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 170 PLATE 10

l\

I \ \ \

SPECIES OF BARROISTCERAS
PLATE 10

Page 

1-2. Barroisiceras (Forresteria) hobsoni Reeside, n. sp., side view and cross section of the specimen shown in Plate 9, Figures

2-4_ _-_____-__________________________„..._________________________________________________ 18

29

O