The Distribution of 

Rare-Earth Elements in · 

Minerals of the Monazite Family 

U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 2140 
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The Distribution of 

Rare-Earth Elements in 

Minerals of the Monazite Family 

By Sam Rosenblum and Michael Fleischer 

U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 2140 

UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON, D.C. : 1995 
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 

BRUCE BABBITT, Secretary 

U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

Gordon P. Eaton, Director 

For sale by U.S. Geological Survey, Map Distribution 

Box 25286, MS 306, Federal Center 

Denver, CO 80225 

Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and 

does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government 

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data 

Rosenblum, Sam. 

The distribution of rare-earth elements in minerals of the monazite family I by Sam 

Rosenblum and Michael Fleischer. 

p. cm.-(U.S. Geological Survey bulletin; 2140) 

Includes bibliographical references. 

Supt. of Docs. no.: I 19.3:2140 

1. Monazite. 2. Earths, Rare. I. Fleischer, Michael, 1908- II. Title. III. Series. 

QE75.B9 no. 2140 

[QE391.M75] 

557.3 s-dc20 95-32912 

[549'.72] CIP 
CONTENTS 

Abstract. ............................................................................................................................... . 

Introduction ......................................................................................................................... . 

Background Information....................................................................................................... 1 

Computation of Atomic Percentages from Analyses........................................................... 2 

Descriptions of Tables and Discussion................................................................................. 3 

Explanation of Tables 2-9 .. . . . . .. . .. . ... ........ .............. .................... .. . ... ........... ........... ........... .... 4 

References Cited................................................................................................................... 58 

FIGURES 

1. Ternary diagram showing relations in the monoclinic system 

(Ce, La, Nd)P04- CaTh(P04h-ThSi04 ................................................................................................................... :.. 2 

2. Graph showing relations of atomic ratios from the data of table 8.......... .... .. . . . .. .. .. . .. ... . .. .. . . ... .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. . . . . .. .. ... .. .. . . . . . 4 

TABLES 

1. Computation of atomic percentages and their use in deriving chondrite-normalized ratios .. .. .. ... .... ....... ... .............. 3 

2. Monazite-(Ce) from igneous and metamorphic rocks............................................................................................... 5 

3. Monazite-(Ce) from placers....................................................................................................................................... 29 

4. Dark monazite-(Ce) ................................................................................................................................................... 36 

5. Monazite-(La), monazite-(Nd), and gasparite-(Ce) ................................................................................................... 38 

6. Cheralite ... . .. ... . .... ...... ... ... ... . . . . . . . .............. .. ..... ........... ... . .. .. ............ ............ .............. ........... ..... ... . . . . . . ..... ... . . . . . . .. . .. . ...... 38 

7. Huttonite ... ... ..... ........ ...... ........ .... .................... ........ .............. ........... ... ... . . . ...... .... ... . . . . .. ......... .. ...... ... . .. ... ... .. . . . . . . . ........ 39 

8. Average compositions of monazite-(Ce).................................................................................................................... 40 

9. Previously published average compositions of monazite .... . . . . . . .. ....... ........ ... .. ....... ........... ..... . . . . ................ ...... ......... 41 

10. Sources of data for monazites given in tables 2-7 ..................................................................................................... 41 

11. Locality index ........................... ................ ... ................... .. .......... ....... ....... ...... .... ... . . . ............ ........... .................. ........ 55 

III 

THE DISTRIBUTION OF RARE-EARTH ELEMENTS IN 

MINERALS OF THE MONAZITE FAMILY 

By Sam Rosenblum1 and Michael Fleischer2 

ABSTRACT 

Minerals of the monazite structural group include phosphates (predominant), arsenates, and silicates that have the 

general formula AB04, where A=Bi, Ca, Ce, La, Nd, Th, U, 

Fe, Pb, Y and B=P+5, As+5, Al+3, and (or) Si+4. Monazite-family minerals contain essential P04 and the light 

rare-earth elements lanthanum, cerium, and neodymium; 

they contain minor amounts of other light rare-earth elements and heavy rare-earth elements. Monazite-(Ce) is the 

predominant species. 

Tables 2-4 contain analyses of 772 monazites wherein 

the 14 naturally occurring rare-earth elements are given in 

atomic percentages. In addition, a derived atomic percentage 

for yttrium is given, and values are shown for sigma (:L) (the 

sum of La+Ce+Pr), for La-Nd, Sm-Ho, and Er-Lu sums, for 

weight percentages of RE203 (RE is the sum of rare-earth 

elements), Th02, and U303, and for La/Nd. Eighteen analyses for other varieties of monazite, gasparite-(Ce), cheralite, 

and huttonite are given in tables 5-7. The average compositions of monazite-(Ce) from various sources are given in 

tables 8 and 9. Analyses of monazite-(Ce) are crossreferenced by author and location in tables 10 and 11. 

INTRODUCTION 

The monazite structural group of minerals consists of 

monoclinic arsenates, phosphates, and silicates of the general formula AB04, where A=Bi, Ca, Ce, La, Nd, Th, U, Fe, 

Pb, andY and B=As+5, p+5, Al+3, and (or) Si+4. The presently known minerals in this group are: 

Brabantite CaTh(P04h 

1

U.S. Geological Survey, retired; 12165 W. Ohio Place, Lakewood, 

Colorado 80228. 

2Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560. 

Cheralite (Ca,Ce,Th)(P,Si)04 

Gasparite-(Ce) (Ce,La,Nd)As04 

Huttonite ThSi04 

Monazite-(Ce) (Ce,La,Nd)(P,Si)04 

Monazite-(La) (La,Ce,Nd)P04 

Monazite-(Nd) (Nd,La,Ce)P04 

Rooseveltite BiAs04 

Rooseveltite has not been reported to contain rare-earth 

elements; hence, it will not be considered further here. Brabantite has been reported to contain 3.05 percent RE20 3 

(Wang, 1978) (RE is the sum of rare-earth elements), but 

individual lanthanides were not determined. 

The relationships of monazite, cheralite, huttonite, and 

brabantite are shown in figure 1. 

Within the monazite group, the monazite family consists of minerals containing light rare-earth elements (mainly 

lanthanum, cerium, and neodymium) as essential cations and 

phosphate as the essential anion. Nonessential thorium, as 

well as minor amounts of calcium, iron, uranium, and lead, 

may substitute for as much as 25 percent of the rare-earth 

elements; and silicon, as well as minor amounts of aluminum, may substitute for as much as 25 percent of the phosphorus, as indicated in Bowie and Home (1953, fig. 1). 

If the cerium content of monazite-(Ce) is exceeded by 

another rare-earth element or if normally minor elements 

exceed 10 percent, then the analysis represents an unusual 

variety (see table 5). Thus, the high uranium content (15.64 

percent) of a single analysis as described in the headnote of 

table 8 would allow a varietal name of monazite-(Ce,U) or 

uranian monazite-(Ce), according to the system proposed by 

Levinson (1966) and Bayliss and Levinson (1988). 

BACKGROUND INFORMATION 

The distribution of the lanthanides and yttrium in monazite family minerals has been the subject of many papers. 

Monazite was recognized long ago to be a mineral that 

concentrates the light lanthanides, in accordance with their 
2 RARE-EARTH ELEMENTS IN MINERALS OF THE MONAZITE FAMILY 

ThSi04 

Huttonite 

(Ce, La, Nd)P04 

Monazite-(Ce) 

..._I\~ 

(J~i' \~ I \ 

IQI\ 

':'I \~ ulftl \> 

I \ 

CaTh(P04)2 

Brabantite 

Figure 1. Relations in the monoclinic system (Ce, La, Nd)P04-CaTh(P04)2-ThSi04. 

Modified from Bowie and Home (1953). 

occupancy of positions with co-ordination number ten (10). 

The considerable effect resulting from the geologic environment of formation on the distribution of the lanthanides was 

not recognized, however, until the work of Murata and 

co-workers (1953, 1957, 1958), confirmed in a review by 

Fleischer and Altschuler (1969). 

Other reports describing monazite (and other rare-earth 

element minerals) in specific rock types include those by 

Holt (1965) (carbonatites), Marchenko (1967) (gneisses and 

migmatites), Heinrich and Wells (1980) (several associations), and Clark (1984) (several associations). In addition, 

papers by Ploshko ( 1961) and Marchenko and Goncharova 

( 1964) discuss formation of monazite by pneumatolytic and 

hydrothermal processes. Rosenblum and Mosier (1983) 

described a dark monazite that is neoblastically formed in 

carbonaceous shale at temperatures of as much as 300°C in 

contact-metamorphic zones; other investigators preferred 

low-grade regional metamorphism for the origin of this variety of monazite. 

Finally, we note that some papers dwell on the physical-chemical reasons for fractionation of rare-earth elements 

found in rocks and minerals. Balashov and Pozharitskaya 

(1968) indicated that decrease in temperature and change of 

alkalinity are the main factors determining the composition 

of rare-earth elements in minerals of carbonatites, but that 

the distribution of rare-earth elements between coexisting 

minerals is determined by their crystal chemistry. Wells 

(1977) condensed a survey of geochemical literature to illustrate the various factors that control partitioning of chemically similar light rare-earth elements. These factors include 

(1) ionic radius, (2) crystal structure, (3) basicity, (4) oxidation state, and (5) stability of complexes. 

COMPUTATION OF ATOMIC 

PERCENTAGES FROM ANALYSES 

The literature is replete with mineral analyses done by 

a number of different methods and reported in metal or oxide 

percentages, parts per million, parts per billion, counts per 

second, and other units. Comparing such data from article to 

article is usually difficult; thus, a need became apparent for 

comparable dimensionless data. We recommend that chemical analyses of minerals, reported in any units, be converted 

into atomic percentages to allow easy comparison of any and 

all data. 

Atomic percentages are calculated by dividing the 

reported analytical value (in any units) of each element by 

the atomic weight of the element to obtain an atomic proportion. Each atomic proportion, multiplied by 100 percent and 

divided by the sum of all the atomic proportions, yields the 

atomic percent for the element. The sum of all atomic percentages should equal 100 percent. 
DESCRIPTIONS OF TABLES AND DISCUSSION 3 

Table 1. Computation of atomic percentages and their use in deriving chondrite-normalized ratios. 

[Chondrite atomic percentages were computed from abundances in Evensen and others (1978, p. 1203). Leaders(--) indicate no value reported] 

Weight Atomic 

Element percent proportion 

La 24.2 0.17420 

Ce 48.1 0.34325 

Pr 5.3 0.03761 

Nd 17.5 0.12130 

Sm 2.7 0.01796 

Eu 

Gd 1.4 0.00890 

Tb 0.1 0.00063 

Dy 0.5 0.00308 

Ho 

Er 0.1 0.00060 

Tm 

Yb 0.1 0.00058 

Lu 

Total 100.00 0.70811 

In addition to allowing rapid comparisons of analytical 

data, atomic percentages of such data may be converted 

into chondrite-normalized ratios (CNR) by simply dividing 

these values by the atomic percentages of the same elements in chondrites. In table 1, the fifth column shows the 

atomic percentages of the 14 lanthanides in the average 

chondrite (Evensen and others, 1978), and in the sixth column are the chondrite-normalized ratios of the lanthanides 

in the example. 

DESCRIPTIONS OF TABLES AND 

DISCUSSION 

This report is an update of Fleischer and Altschuler 

(1969) and includes a compilation of all available determinations, as of 1988 (with only two exceptions), of the rare-earth 

elements (lanthanides and yttrium) in minerals of the monazite structural group, 790 in all. Monazite-(Ce) is the overwhelmingly dominant mineral, accounting for 772 of the 

analyzed samples. 

In tables 2-7, atomic percentages of the lanthanides are 

listed in order of increasing sigma (2.) (the sum of the atomic 

percentages of La+Ce+Pr). Also given is the ratio of the 

atomic percentage of yttrium to the sum of the atomic percentages of yttrium and all lanthanides [IOOY/(Y+Ln)]. This 

value was computed from the weight percentages of the 

reported lanthanides and yttrium and is shown in parentheses 

to indicate that it is not directly comparable to the atomic 

percentages for the 14 lanthanides (which are summed to 

100 percent, excluding yttrium). In addition, the weight percentages of Th02 and U30s in the analyzed samples are 

given where available. 

Atomic Chondrite Chondritepercentage atomic percentage normalized ratio 

24.60 10.14 2.43 

48.47 26.21 1.85 

5.31 3.94 1.35 

17.13 18.92 0.91 

2.54 5.89 0.43 

2.20 

1.26 7.48 0.17 

0.09 1.36 0.07 

0.43 9.00 0.05 

1.98 

0.08 5.71 0.01 

0.84 

0.08 5.49 0.01 

0.84 

99.99 100.00 

The averages tabulated in tables 8 and 9 show the effect 

of the type of geological occurrence on the distribution of 

rare-earth elements in monazite-(Ce)-namely, the general 

increase of the light lanthanides and the decrease of yttrium 

from granitic pegmatites to granitic rocks to alkalic rocks 

and carbonatites. These generally antithetic relations may 

not be used, however, with any precision to determine provenance. We note that total rare-earth oxide contents increase 

in monazite from gneisses to granitic rocks to granitic pegmatites to metamorphosed black shales, for the rock types 

for which averages could be calculated. 

From the data of table 8, we plotted points on log-normal graph paper (see fig. 2) for La/Nd (circles) versus sigma 

and IOOY/(Y+Ln) (squares) versus sigma. For the La/Nd, a 

straight line was easily drawn from the points for monazites 

from metamorphosed black shales (F) and granitic pegmatites (A) to those from carbonatites (E) and alkalic rocks (D). 

Why this trend line indicates a log-normal distribution of the 

light rare-earth elements is not apparent at this time; however, it is apparent from the moderate rise in the trend line for 

the circled points that the content of light rare-earth elements 

increases as sigma increases. An opposite relation for the 

squared points is expected, but we hesitate to draw a trend 

line between squared points A and E, considering the divergence of points D and F. Perhaps more data are needed to 

better define this relation. 

If a trend line is drawn between squared points A and D, 

to show the distribution of heavy rare-earth elements (represented by the yttrium content) in monazites, then we might 

speculate that heavy rare-earth elements apparently remain 

static with increasing sigma. In addition, monazites from 

strongly metamorphosed rocks (C), carbonatites (E), and 

black shales (F) apparently are depleted in heavy rare-earth 

elements. The heavy rare-earth element distribution in mon-
4 RARE-EARTH ELEMENTS IN MINERALS OF THE MONAZITE FAMILY 

10~--------~--------~--------~------~ 

9 

8 

7 

6 

5 

4 

3 

2 

1 

0.9 

0.8 

0.7 

0.6 

0.5 

0.4 

0.3 

0.2 

A 

• 

•F 

•G 

B 

• 

.c 

EXPLANATION 

• lOOY 

(Y+Ln) 

La . -

Nd 

E 

• 

0.1 L------------'-----------'----------..J....._----------' 

70 75 80 

l: 

85 90 

Figure 2. Relations of atomic ratios from the data of table 8. Points 

A-G are discussed in text. 

azites from placers (G) lying between squared points A (granitic pegmatite) and B (granitic rocks) indicates sources in 

the calc-alkaline series, obviously a mixture of pegmatitic 

and granitic rocks. 

The range of composition for rare-earth elements in 

monazite is relatively less than that in minerals of low 

rare-earth element content. Also, the variation in the 

amounts of rare-earth elements in monazite is far less satisfactory as a guide to type of host rock than is true for either 

apatite (Fleischer and Altschuler, 1969, 1986) or titanite 

(Fleischer, 1978). 

We infer from tables 2 and 3 that the compositions of 

monazite-(Ce) in granitic rocks and in gneisses are not notably different. Rosenblum and Mosier (1983) showed, however, that the average composition of dark monazites (table 

8, column F) is distinct from that of yellow monazites of different genesis, especially in their high europium and low thorium contents. 

Table 10 lists authors, localities and sources for monazite analyses in tables 2-7. Table 11 gives localities for monazite-(Ce) analyses in tables 2-4. 

EXPLANATION OF TABLES 2-9 

The compositions in these tables are given in atomic 

percentages of the elements, and the sum of the lanthanides 

in each columns is 100 percent. The ratio 1 OOY /(Y +Ln) is 

also an atomic ratio. Footnotes in tables 2 and 3 indicate if 

any of the following calculations were done: 

Footnote 1 Tb+ Y calculated as Y 

Footnote 2 

Footnote 3 

Eu+Gd calculated as Gd 

Th+Dy+ Y calculated as Y 

A leader (-) indicates either not reported or less than 0.1 

atomic percent. The entry "Method" gives the analytical 

method used, with the following abbreviations: 

AAS 

CH 

EP 

ICP 

INA 

OS 

Atomic absorption spectrophotometry 

Chromatography 

Electron microprobe 

Inductively coupled plasma 

Instrumental neutron activation 

Optical spectrography 

XF X-ray fluorescence 

The following sums are reported: 

La-Nd Sum of La+Ce+Pr+Nd 

Sm-Ho Sum of Sm+Eu+Gd+ Th+Dy+Ho 

Er-Lu Sum of Er+ Tm+ Yb+Lu 

RE203, Th02, and U30s are in weight percent, as 

reported by references author (s). La!Nd is the ratio of atomic 

percentage of La divided by the atomic percentage of Nd. 

Acknowledgments.-The writers wish to express their 

gratitude to the following members of the U.S. Geological 

Survey for help in improving this paper: Mary Woodruff, 

for generating table 10, keypunching the initial draft, and 

checking the computations; Margo Johnson, whose computer expertise was vital in getting this report into final copy 

form for review; and Edward C.T. Chao, Eugene E. Foord, 

Andrew E. Grosz (retired), William C. Overstreet (retired), 

and G.B. Sidder for useful reviews. 
TABLES 5 

Table 2. Monazite-(Ce) from igneous and metamorphic rocks. 

[Atomic percent except RE20 3, Th02, and U30 8, which are in weight percent] 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 

La 11.9 21.5 20.3 9.9 21.3 8.6 13.7 10.3 12.4 10.4 10.3 10.4 

Ce 35.4 29.7 32.3 35.2 32.8 39.8 41.7 39.3 37.3 42.1 41.9 41.9 

Pr 8.4 5.8 6.6 8.4 5.8 6.2 6.1 

Nd 31.9 23.8 30.4 26.1 28.0 24.1 26.0 38.0 24.2 28.5 24.4 26.6 

Sm 12.7 6.0 8.9 11.3 5.3 16.3 9.2 5.8 9.7 10.1 10.1 11.1 

Eu 0.8 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.2 0.5 

Gd 5.4 4.7 3.3 7.7 4.2 5.4 9.4 5.6 3.1 6.6 3.9 

Tb 0.6 0.9 0.7 0.5 0.8 0.6 

Dy 1.3 5.3 2.8 0.9 3.5 1.2 

Ho 0.1 

Er 1.9 0.2 0.8 0.3 

Tm 

Yb 5.6 0.4 2.7 

Lu 

1 OOY /(Y +Ln) (2.6) (33.7) (4.5) (23.1) (4.7) (8.9) (5.3) (4.0) (4.6) 

Method OS OS OS XF OS XF INA EP XF XF INA XF 

I:=La+Ce+Pr 47.3 51.2 52.6 53.5 54.1 54.2 55.4 56.2 58.1 58.3 58.4 58.4 

La-Nd 79.2 75.0 83.0 79.6 82.1 78.3 81.4 94.2 82.3 86.8 82.8 85.0 

Sm-Ho 20.8 17.5 16.4 20.4 14.4 21.7 18.6 5.8 17.4 13.2 17.2 15.0 

Er-Lu 7.5 0.6 3.5 

RE20 3 60.12 68.96 66.48 

La/Nd 0.37 0.90 0.67 0.38 0.76 0.36 0.53 0.27 0.51 0.36 0.42 0.39 

Th02 4.1 6.18 0.20 3.8 1.21 4.0 

U30s 0.26 0.1 

13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 

La 24.2 13.7 7.9 11.9 16.6 16.2 19.0 14.2 15.3 19.0 20.9 16.6 

Ce 35.9 40.9 47.3 40.1 36.9 38.3 37.9 40.6 38.6 36.4 30.8 40.7 

Pr 6.0 5.4 9.0 7.8 7.1 5.0 7.1 8.1 6.8 10.7 5.4 

Nd 28.1 33.2 36.1 31.1 27.0 20.3 19.9 21.1 20.8 22.1 35.3 14.6 

Sm 6.1 4.3 2.3 5.1 3.4 10.2 11.0 8.7 10.5 9.2 1.1 9.7 

Eu 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.2 

Gd 2.9 1.9 0.4 2.5 8.3 5.3 7.2 5.2 5.1 4.7 1.2 10.3 

Tb 0.4 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 

Dy 1.5 0.2 1.1 1.8 0.7 1.0 2.4 

Ho 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 

Er 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 

Tm 0.1 0.1 

Yb 0.3 0.2 0.2 

Lu 0.1 

100Y/(Y+Ln) (3.7) (4.2) (0.3) (4.6) (5.0) (1.2) (5.3) 

Method OS OS OS OS XF XF XF XF XF OS 

I:=La+Ce+Pr 60.1 60.6 60.6 61.0 61.3 61.6 61.9 61.9 62.0 62.2 62.4 62.7 

La-Nd 88.2 93.8 96.7 92.1 88.3 81.9 81.8 83.0 82.8 84.3 97.7 77.3 

Sm-Ho 11.3 6.2 3.3 7.9 11.7 17.7 18.2 16.4 17.0 15.5 2.3 22.6 

Er-Lu 0.5 0.4 0.6 0.2 0.2 0.1 

RE20 3 69.36 53.26 

La/Nd 0.86 0.41 0.22 0.38 0.61 0.80 0.95 0.67 0.74 0.86 0.59 1.14 

Th02 0.17 13.00 5.47 

U30s 
6 RARE-EARTH ELEMENTS IN MINERALS OF THE MONAZITE FAMILY 

Table 2. Monazite-(Ce) from igneous and metamorphic rocks-Continued. 

25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 

La 15.2 19.3 21.7 9.1 13.6 19.5 14.4 24.1 18.5 17.6 25.4 15.1 

Ce 38.3 38.4 35.3 47.7 45.7 38.9 44.3 39.8 39.9 39.6 29.2 43.3 

Pr 9.2 5.1 6.1 6.5 4.2 5.1 5.2 5.6 7.1 10.0 6.5 

Nd 20.6 19.7 20.3 25.1 14.7 20.5 24.8 28.9 15.5 22.3 33.0 26.2 

Sm 10.3 11.2 6.4 7.7 12.7 12.1 4.7 4.7 4.5 6.0 1.0 6.2 

Eu 0.5 0.2 0.1 

Gd 4.9 6.3 6.2 3.5 8.5 3.9 5.2 1.2 4.5 5.0 1.1 2.7 

Tb 0.4 I 0.4 0.2 0.7 0.3 

Dy 0.7 2.7 0.3 0.6 0.6 0.5 3.5 1.6 

Ho 0.2 0.9 

Er 0.2 1.3 0.1 2.4 0.3 0.3 

Tm 0.3 

Yb 0.4 0.1 3.0 0.1 

Lu 0.5 

100Y/(Y +Ln) (2.2) (6.7) 1 (2.9) (8.1) (1.6) (7.8) 

Method XF CH OS XF OS XF XF OS OS 

L=La+Ce+Pr 62.7 62.8 63.1 63.3 63.5 63.5 63.9 63.9 64.0 64.3 64.6 64.9 

La-Nd 83.3 82.5 83.4 88.4 78.2 84.0 88.7 92.8 79.5 86.6 97.6 91.1 

Sm-Ho 16.5 17.5 15.3 11.5 21.8 16.0 10.9 7.1 14.3 13.0 2.1 8.9 

Er-Lu 0.2 1.3 0.1 0.4 0.1 6.2 0.4 0.3 

RE20 3 55.2 59.2 64.5 54.8 

La/Nd 0.74 0.98 1.07 0.36 0.93 0.95 0.58 0.83 1.19 0.79 0.77 0.58 

Th02 9.0 5.53 8.3 4.36 16.3 

U30s 0.34 

37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 

La 15.6 19.8 17.3 22.9 25.3 19.8 20.0 21.1 18.2 21.8 20.2 21.8 

Ce 43.5 36.0 41.4 34.0 39.7 39.7 40.2 35.1 41.5 35.1 37.9 37.0 

Pr 6.7 9.1 6.3 8.1 5.7 5.0 9.2 6.3 9.1 8.2 7.5 

Nd 25.3 27.5 19.5 20.9 28.6 22.0 22.1 22.2 24.3 24.8 27.7 29.2 

Sm 6.0 5.7 6.6 7.4 3.5 12.8 8.3 6.4 5.8 6.0 4.4 1.5 

Eu 0.5 0.8 0.1 0.2 

Gd 2.9 1.9 3.3 4.9 1.4 4.4 3.6 3.9 3.0 1.6 2.1 

Tb 0.5 0.4 

Dy 1.8 1.2 0.5 1.5 

Ho 0.4 0.3 

Er 1.8 0.6 0.1 0.5 

Tm 0.2 

Yb 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.1 

Lu 0.3 

1 OOY /(Y +Ln) (8.3) (2.6) (1.7) (7.4) (6.2) (3.1) (0.8) 

Method OS OS XF XF OS XF OS OS XF OS OS OS 

L=La+Ce+Pr 65.8 64.9 65.0 65.0 65.0 65.2 65.2 65.4 66.0 66.0 66.3 66.3 

La-Nd 91.1 92.4 84.5 85.9 93.6 87.2 87.3 87.6 90.3 90.8 94.0 95.5 

Sm-Ho 8.9 7.6 13.1 13.5 6.2 12.8 12.7 12.3 9.7 9.2 6.0 3.6 

Er-Lu 2.4 0.6 0.2 0.1 0.9 

REz03 51.6 47.0 

La/Nd 0.62 0.72 0.89 1.10 0.89 0.90 0.91 0.95 0.75 0.88 0.73 0.75 

Th02 15.5 12.1 9.89 

U308 
TABLES 7 

Table 2. Monazite-(Ce) from igneous and metamorphic rocks-Continued. 

49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 

La 15.7 15.3 16.8 17.2 26.8 16.6 21.8 22.6 14.9 17.1 20.3 17.6 

Ce 45.6 43.4 42.2 41.2 40.1 46.3 38.8 39.0 47.5 45.7 38.7 43.5 

Pr 5.1 7.7 7.6 8.4 4.2 6.8 5.8 5.1 5.0 8.8 7.1 

Nd 12.9 26.6 24.9 23.9 25.3 21.9 20.5 20.6 20.4 21.1 24.1 23.2 

Sm 9.8 4.0 3.3 3.4 4.2 3.7 6.0 5.7 6.0 8.3 3.8 3.2 

Eu 0.2 0.4 0.7 0.1 0.1 2 

Gd 6.9 1.7 5.2 5.9 1.5 5.8 3.5 3.8 4.12 2.8 3.9 5.4 

Th 0.9 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.3 

Dy 1.5 0.4 0.9 0.7 1.5 1.5 1.4 

Ho 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.1 

Er 0.4 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.4 

Tm 0.1 

Yb 0.7 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.1 

Lu 0.1 

100Y/(Y +Ln) (20.7) (4.8) (6.6) (3.3) (8.4) (6.7) (5.3) (8.1) (2.0) (5.0) 

Method XF XF OS OS OS XF OS OS CH XF OS OS 

S=La+Ce+Pr 66.4 66.4 66.6 66.8 66.9 67.1 67.4 67.4 67.5 67.8 67.8 68.2 

La-Nd 79.3 93.0 91.5 90.7 92.2 89.0 87.9 88.0 87.9 88.9 91.9 91.4 

Sm-Ho 19.5 6.7 8.5 9.3 7.3 10.5 11.8 11.9 11.9 11.1 7.7 8.6 

Er-Lu 1.2 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.4 

RE203 65.0 60.63 73.1 56.2 58.5 

La/Nd 1.22 0.58 0.67 0.72 1.06 0.76 1.06 1.10 0.73 0.81 0.84 0.76 

Th02 7.01 8.90 14.8 10.7 

U30s 0.34 

61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 

La 21.0 23.4 18.3 22.5 23.3 18.2 19.0 22.7 24.9 20.9 15.4 18.3 

Ce 41.9 38.8 38.7 38.4 45.3 43.3 43.4 42.0 41.6 41.7 46.2 43.4 

Pr 5.4 6.2 11.5 7.6 7.2 6.4 4.1 4.1 6.2 7.3 7.2 

Nd 21.0 20.4 24.9 27.8 23.6 27.5 18.1 21.6 21.0 22.0 23.0 27.3 

Sm 4.8 5.3 4.9 1.5 3.4 3.8 9.5 3.5 3.3 5.7 4.3 3.8 

Eu 0.1 0.3 

Gd 5.9 2.9 1.7 2.2 1.8 3.6 6.1 5.1 3.5 1.9 

Th 0.5 0.4 0.1 

Dy 1.9 1.4 0.9 

Ho 0.3 

Er 0.2 0.3 

Tm 0.1 0.3 

Yb 0.1 0.3 0.3 

Lu 

100Y/(Y+Ln) (6.3) (2.0) (3.7) (4.9) (8.3) (2.6) (5.3) 

Method XF OS OS OS OS EP EP EP XF XF 

L=La+Ce+Pr 68.3 68.4 68.5 68.5 68.6 68.7 68.8 68.8 70.6 68.8 68.9 68.9 

La-Nd 89.3 88.8 93.4 96.3 92.2 96.2 86.9 90.4 91.6 90.8 91.9 96.2 

Sm-Ho 10.7 11.0 6.6 3.7 7.3 3.8 13.1 9.6 8.4 9.2 7.2 3.8 

Er-Lu 0.2 0.5 0.9 

RE203 52.6 53.5 

La/Nd 1.00 1.12 0.74 0.81 0.99 0.66 1.05 1.05 1.19 0.95 0.67 0.67 

Th02 12.1 18.5 

U30s 0.6 
8 RARE-EARTH ELEMENTS IN MINERALS OF THE MONAZITE FAMILY 

Table 2. Monazite-(Ce) from igneous and metamorphic rocks-Continued. 

73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 

La 24.5 14.3 16.7 17.4 18.5 19.0 22.3 14.3 22.0 24.8 21.9 16.5 

Ce 35.4 46.9 44.9 45.9 43.5 43.3 42.4 50.7 41.7 35.7 41.8 47.8 

Pr 9.1 8.0 7.6 6.0 7.3 7.2 4.8 4.5 5.8 9.0 5.9 5.3 

Nd 25.1 18.4 21.6 19.0 27.5 20.0 21.1 22.8 23.1 25.2 21.9 22.7 

Sm 2.2 7.2 4.I 4.6 3.2 4.2 6.5 4.3 4.4 2.2 4.8 6.0 

Eu 0.1 0.2 

Gd 3.0 5.2 3.3 2.8 3.7 2.9 3.1 3.0 3.1 3.7 1.7 

Tb 0.3 0.4 0.4 

Dy 1.2 1.5 1.3 

Ho 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.3 

Er 0.4 0.1 0.2 0.3 

Tm 0.2 

Yb 0.1 0.1 1.5 0.3 

Lu 0.2 O.I 

1 OOY /(Y +Ln) (2.7) 1 (4.0) (4.6) (4.0) (5.4) (5.1) 

Method OS CH,INA XF XF XF OS CH XF OS XF XF 

1:=La+Ce+Pr 69.0 69.2 69.2 69.3 69.3 69.5 69.5 69.5 69.5 69.5 69.6 69.6 

La-Nd 94.I 87.6 90.8 88.3 96.8 89.5 90.6 92.3 92.6 94.7 91.5 92.3 

Sm-Ho 5.2 12.4 9.0 9.7 3.2 9.9 9.4 7.7 7.4 5.3 8.5 7.7 

Er-Lu 0.7 0.2 2.0 0.6 

RE20 3 50.9 

La/Nd 0.98 0.78 0.77 0.92 0.67 0.95 1.06 0.63 0.95 0.98 1.00 0.73 

Th02 10.7 10.1 

U30s 

85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 

La 18.1 24.4 22.5 I 7.4 17.5 17.9 21.9 17.4 28.6 21.8 19.6 22.2 

Ce 51.5 37.8 39.9 47.I 45.9 46.6 41.8 44.4 41.2 39.7 50.3 40.8 

Pr 7.5 7.3 5.2 6.3 5.3 6.1 8.0 8.4 7.0 

Nd 30.4 19.2 19.9 20.1 24.3 21.8 21.9 22.5 24.5 25.9 30.1 17.4 

Sm 4.2 5.1 7.5 5.4 6.1 5.0 3.1 3.4 2.0 6.6 

Eu 0.1 0.4 0.1 

Gd 5.1 2.7 2.7 2.3 3.3 4.6 1.4 2.2 3.4 

Tb 0.4 0.4 

Dy 1.2 1.81 0.6 0.4 1.6 

Ho 0.2 0.2 

Er 0.6 

Tm 0.1 

Yb 0. I 0.2 

Lu 

I OOY /(Y +Ln) (9.3) (5.8) (1.5) (3.0) (1.2) (6.0) (2.0) (2.9) (8.3) (7.2) 

Method OS XF OS XF EP XF XF OS OS OS OS OS 

1:=La+Ce+Pr 69.6 69.7 69.7 69.7 69.7 69.8 69.8 69.8 69.8 69.9 69.9 70.0 

La-Nd IOO.O 88.9 89.6 89.8 94.0 91.6 91.7 92.3 94.3 95.8 100.0 87.4 

Sm-Ho 10.5 10.3 I0.2 6.0 8.4 8.3 7.7 5.6 4.2 12.3 

Er-Lu 0.6 O.I 0.1 0.3 

RE203 61.8 70.7 

La/Nd 0.60 1.27 1.13 0.87 0.72 0.82 1.00 0.77 1.17 0.84 0.65 1.28 

Th02 I I .4 2.0 I4.3 I1.2 3.3 9.5 5.3 I2.2 

U30R 0. I 
TABLES 9 

Table 2. Monazite-(Ce) from igneous and metamorphic rocks-Continued. 

97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 

La 20.8 19.6 15.9 20.8 20.3 15.9 22.4 17.9 23.0 28.5 22.4 20.4 

Ce 43.1 40.5 46.1 44.0 44.5 48.8 39.4 52.3 36.9 41.8 42.5 43.8 

Pr 6.1 9.9 8.1 5.4 5.4 5.5 8.4 10.4 5.6 6.3 

Nd 19.2 22.9 24.7 20.8 22.2 22.8 25.5 29.8 21.6 24.0 22.4 25.8 

Sm 4.7 3.5 3.5 5.6 5.8 6.0 2.0 6.0 3.5 4.9 1.8 

Eu 0.8 0.2 

Gd 3.5 3.6 1.0 3.4 1.8 1.0 2.1 2.1 1.0 2.2 1.2 

Tb 0.2 

Dy 1.1 0.3 0.3 0.3 

Ho 0.9 0.2 

Er 0.6 0.1 0.2 

Tm 

Yb 0.1 0.1 

Lu 

lOOY /(Y +Ln) (5.4)1 (4.1) (2.1) (3.3) (1.0) (1.9) (4.2) (1.6) 

Method CH OS EP XF OS XF OS OS OS OS XF XF 

L=La+Ce+Pr 70.0 70.0 70.1 70.2 70.2 70.2 70.2 70.2 70.3 70.3 70.5 70.5 

La-Nd 89.2 92.9 94.8 91.0 92.4 93.0 95.7 100.0 91.9 94.3 92.9 96.3 

Sm-Ho 10.2 7.1 5.0 9.0 7.6 7.0 4.1 8.1 5.6 7.1 3.7 

Er-Lu 0.6 0.2 0.2 0.1 

RE203 71.6 54.0 52.3 

La!Nd 1.08 0.85 0.64 1.00 0.91 0.70 0.88 0.60 1.06 1.19 1.00 0.79 

Th02 7.37 15.5 9.9 8.0 

U30s 0.08 0.1 

109 110 Ill 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 

La 18.7 22.3 15.6 21.2 16.5 19.0 18.3 11.3 21.3 11.4 18.9 32.5 

Ce 48.1 42.1 49.3 48.1 45.7 42.6 52.4 55.3 42.6 55.4 46.8 33.6 

Pr 3.8 6.2 5.7 1.4 8.5 9.1 4.2 6.9 4.1 5.2 4.9 

Nd 20.2 21.6 22.4 22.2 22.4 23.6 29.3 16.2 23.7 16.2 20.7 20.1 

Sm 3.6 4.8 5.4 4.2 3.4 3.8 9.0 2.8 9.0 5.9 3.5 

Eu 0.3 

Gd 4.7 3.0 1.6 2.5 1.6 1.9 4.0 2.3 3.9 2.5 4.4 

Tb 0.2 

Dy 0.9 0.6 1.0 

Ho 0.4 

Er 0.3 

Tm 

Yb 0.5 

Lu 0.4 

100Y/(Y+Ln) (12.8) (4.8) (1.8) (7.2) (1.5) (7.5) (4.3) (4.0) (3.2) (7.2) 

Method OS XF XF EP OS OS OS CH XF 

L=La+Ce+Pr 70.6 70.6 70.6 70.7 70.7 70.7 70.7 70.8 70.8 70.9 70.9 71.0 

La-Nd 90.8 92.2 93.0 92.9 93.1 94.3 100.00 87.0 94.5 87.1 91.6 91.1 

Sm-Ho 9.2 7.8 7.0 6.7 6.1 5.7 13.0 5.5 12.9 8.4 8.9 

Er-Lu 0.4 0.8 

RE203 57.4 69.1 59.9 

La!Nd 0.93 1.03 0.70 0.95 0.74 0.81 0.62 0.70 0.90 0.70 0.91 1.62 

Th02 8.3 9.2 5.7 7.35 7.7 

U30s 0.30 0.24 
10 RARE-EARTH ELEMENTS IN MINERALS OF THE MONAZITE FAMILY 

Table 2. Monazite-(Ce) from igneous and metamorphic rocks-Continued. 

121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 

La 24.3 19.6 17.7 22.9 15.5 21.2 21.4 22.6 20.3 24.3 24.1 19.7 

Ce 42.1 44.8 47.5 43.4 49.9 44.0 43.4 43.4 44.4 43.3 38.3 46.2 

Pr 4.7 6.7 5.9 4.9 5.8 6.0 6.4 5.3 6.6 3.7 9.0 5.5 

Nd 17.7 19.1 22.5 19.9 22.0 23.0 23.6 18.9 20.6 21.0 19.9 20.5 

Sm 7.6 4.2 5.2 3.5 5.7 4.3 2.6 6.0 3.5 2.8 4.5 6.2 

Eu 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.1 

Gd 3.6 3.6 1.2 2.6 1.1 1.3 3.8 2.1 2.2 2.0 1.9 

Tb 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 

Dy 1.2 1.3 0.4 1.2 1.1 1.4 

Ho 0.1 1.5 0.1 0.2 0.3 

Er 0.1 1.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 

Tm 

Yb 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.7 0.1 

Lu 

100Y/(Y+Ln) (4.6) (5.0) (6.3) (2.9) (6.9) (8.6) (5.4) (2.4) 

Method OS XF XF CH XF OS XF XF XF OS XF 

1:=La+Ce+Pr 71.1 71.1 71.1 71.2 71.2 71.2 71.2 71.3 71.3 71.3 71.4 71.4 

La-Nd 88.8 90.2 93.6 91.1 93.2 94.2 94.8 90.2 91.9 92.3 91.3 91.9 

Sm-Ho 11.2 9.6 6.4 7.4 6.8 5.8 4.8 9.8 7.5- 6.7 0.1 

Er-Lu 0.2 1.5 0.4 0.6 1.0 8.6 8.1 

RE20 3 52.4 49.2 59.8 36.3 

La/Nd 1.37 1.03 0.79 1.15 0.70 0.92 0.91 1.20 0.99 1.16 1.21 0.96 

Th02 1.59 7.1 7.80 7.3 19.4 7.65 10.4 

U30s 0.1 0.1 

133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 

La 18.9 20.0 25.0 26.5 19.5 17.9 14.9 13.5 24.7 19.6 20.7 26.1 

Ce 46.9 44.9 41.3 40.4 46.4 50.1 52.9 58.4 39.6 46.5 45.6 41.1 

Pr 5.6 6.5 5.2 4.9 5.9 3.9 4.1 7.7 5.9 5.8 4.9 

Nd 20.7 25.6 19.2 19.5 21.2 17.4 19.4 28.1 19.0 21.2 18.9 21.6 

Sm 6.1 1.8 5.6 4.1 4.1 3.4 4.6 4.4 4.0 5.0 2.6 

Eu 0.4 2.4 0.1 0.4 0.5 

Gd 1.8 1.2 3.7 2.7 2.0 5.1 1.7 2.2 2.0 4.0 2.6 

Tb 0.1 0.5 0.4 0.1 

Dy 1.9 0.4 0.9 1.6 0.3 

Ho 0.2 0.1 

Er 0.1 0.3 

Tm 

Yb 0.7 0.1 0.2 

Lu 

1 OOY /(Y +Ln) (1.9) (12.4) (6.6) (5.5) (6.4) (5.3) 

Method XF XF XF XF EP OS OS OS 

1:=La+Ce+Pr 71.4 71.4 71.5 71.8 71.8 71.9 71.9 71.9 72.0 72.0 72.1 72.1 

La-Nd 92.1 97.0 90.7 91.3 93.0 89.3 91.3 100.0 91.0 93.2 91.0 93.7 

Sm-Ho 7.9 3.0 9.3 8.7 7.0 9.9 8.7 8.9 6.8 9.0 5.8 

Er-Lu 0.8 0.1 0.5 

REz03 56.29 47.2 59.0 

La/Nd 0.91 0.78 1.30 1.36 0.92 1.03 0.77 0.48 1.30 0.92 1.10 1.21 

Th02 11.8 8.35 25.4 2.6 10.2 17.5 3.6 

U30s 0.56 
TABLES 11 

Table 2. Monazite-(Ce) from igneous and metamorphic rocks-Continued. 

145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 

La 23.6 18.6 22.0 21.6 19.3 23.2 19.8 24.7 27.7 18.7 20.9 17.0 

Ce 43.3 47.0 45.0 41.4 47.0 45.7 46.6 41.9 39.7 47.0 44.6 51.0 

Pr 5.3 6.6 5.2 9.2 5.9 3.3 5.9 5.7 4.9 6.6 6.8 4.4 

Nd 19.7 20.3 20.9 22.8 24.2 24.8 17.5 18.8 19.3 20.3 20.8 18.0 

Sm 5.1 3.6 4.6 2.7 0.4 1.4 4.1 3.6 3.8 3.6 4.3 3.5 

Eu 0.3 0.7 2 0.3 2 

Gd 3.0 2.6 2.3 2.1 0 1.6 3.42 2.3 2.92 2.5 2.6 2.82 

Tb 0.2 0.3 I I 0.2 I 

Dy 0.6 0.9 1.4 0.6 0.6 1.8 

Ho 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.1 

Er 0.2 1.0 1.4 0.4 0.7 

Tm 0.2 0.1 

Yb 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.6 

Lu 

IOOY /(Y +Ln) (3.5) (4.9) 1 (1.5) (5.3) 1 (12.8) 1 

Method XF XF OS OS CH CH CH EP CH 

1:=La+Ce+Pr 72.2 72.2 72.2 72.2 72.2 72.2 72.3 72.3 72.3 72.3 72.3 72.4 

La-Nd 91.9 92.5 93.1 95.0 96.4 97.0 89.8 91.1 91.6 92.6 93.1 90.4 

Sm-Ho 8.1 7.5 6.9 4.8 3.6 3.0 8.8 7.3 7.5 7.4 6.9 8.2 

Er-Lu 0.2 1.4 1.6 0.9 1.4 

RE20 3 52.8 67.89 57.1 52.42 58.0 55.14 68.92 55.6 

La/Nd 1.20 0.92 1.05 0.95 0.80 0.94 1.13 1.31 1.44 0.92 1.00 0.94 

Th02 4.10 8.52 5.50 8.50 8.0 

U30s 0.08 

157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 

La 21.5 23.9 22.4 19.3 22.7 22.7 24.6 24.4 25.0 21.7 27.4 21.1 

Ce 41.6 42.5 44.2 47.3 45.3 39.0 39.4 43.1 42.4 45.2 41.0 45.9 

Pr 9.3 6.1 6.0 6.0 4.6 11.1 8.8 5.5 5.6 6.2 4.9 6.3 

Nd 23.0 22.7 18.1 21.3 21.6 20.6 23.9 22.1 24.8 18.3 18.9 22.8 

Sm 2.6 2.9 4.0 3.4 4.0 5.1 2.0 4.9 1.2 3.7 3.3 2.4 

Eu 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 

Gd 2.0 1.9 2.7 1.8 1.8 1.3 1.2 1.0 3.2 2.5 0.7 

Tb 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.2 

Dy 1.1 0.5 1.3 1.2 0.5 

Ho 0.1 0.3 

Er 0.4 0.3 0.1 

Tm 0.3 

Yb 0.1 0.1 

Lu 0.1 

1 OOY /(Y +Ln) (1.8) (0.9) (3.5) (4.6) (1.2) (1.8) (1.4) (5.7) 

Method OS XF XF OS OS XF CH XF OS 

1:=La+Ce+Pr 72.4 72.5 72.6 72.6 72.6 72.8 72.8 73.0 73.0 73.1 73.3 73.3 

La-Nd 95.4 95.2 90.7 93.9 94.2 93.4 96.7 95.1 97.8 91.4 92.2 96.1 

Sm-Ho 4.6 4.8 8.4 6.1 5.8 6.6 3.3 4.9 2.2 8.3 7.7 3.8 

Er-Lu 0.9 0.3 0.1 0.1 

RE20 3 63.8 

La/Nd 0.93 1.05 1.24 0.91 1.05 1.10 1.03 1.10 1.01 1.19 1.45 0.92 

Th02 5.7 6.46 

U30s 0.1 
12 RARE-EARTH ELEMENTS IN MINERALS OF THE MONAZITE FAMILY 

Table 2. Monazite-(Ce) from igneous and metamorphic rocks-Continued. 

169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 

La 21.6 21.0 19.3 22.4 24.4 27.3 24.8 23.8 20.2 21.9 27.6 24.3 

Ce 45.3 52.3 47.8 45.5 41.0 41.6 43.5 40.9 47.1 47.0 39.9 45.0 

Pr 6.4 6.3 5.5 8.1 4.6 5.2 8.9 6.3 4.8 6.2 4.4 

Nd 23.7 26.7 18.7 19.0 18.0 20.0 20.7 21.5 24.4 13.7 14.9 16.0 

Sm 1.8 3.6 3.6 4.1 3.1 3.7 2.0 0.8 3.5 4.7 3.8 

Eu 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 

Gd 0.6 2.9 2.32 2.2 1.9 2.1 2.9 0.7 2.5 3.4 3.72 

Tb 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.6 I 

Dy 0.4 1.4 0.6 1.5 0.8 0.2 1.6 3.3 1.8 

Ho 0.5 0.2 0.3 0.6 

Er 0.2 0.6 1.1 0.4 

Tm 0.6 

Yb 0.1 1.1 0.6 

Lu 0.8 

1 OOY /(Y +Ln) (10.3) (3.1) (7.4)1 (5.1) (2 .. 3) (1.5) (1.6) (13.3) (0.5)1 

Method OS XF CH OS OS XF XF XF XF OS CH 

:L=La+Ce+Pr 73.3 73.3 73.4 73.4 73.5 73.5 73.5 73.6 73.6 73.7 73.7 73.7 

La-Nd 97.0 100.0 92.1 92.4 91.5 93.5 94.2 95.1 98.0 87.4 88.6 89.7 

Sm-Ho 2.8 7.9 7.0 8.4 6.5 5.8 4.9 2.0 9.0 11.4 9.3 

Er-Lu 0.2 0.6 0.1 3.6 1.0 

RE20 3 43.65 75.5 66.1 53.8 44.8 45.4 

La/Nd 0.91 0.79 1.03 1.18 1.36 1.37 1.20 1.11 0.83 1.60 1.85 1.52 

Th02 6.3 3.0 9.41 11.5 5.92 4.4 8.62 

U30s 

181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 

La 19.1 24.8 22.5 23.5 18.2 24.0 26.2 28.2 19.8 21.5 27.6 24.4 

Ce 48.2 43.5 45.5 45.6 49.5 40.9 37.5 40.8 48.9 46.9 41.7 44.0 

Pr 6.4 5.4 5.8 4.7 6.1 8.9 10.2 5.0 5.3 5.6 4.7 5.6 

Nd 20.1 20.7 10.2 18.6 20.2 21.3 21.4 18.5 18.7 19.1 19.8 20.5 

Sm 3.7 3.9 11.8 3.4 2.0 1.9 1.8 3.4 3.9 3.8 3.1 3.3 

Eu 2 0.2 0.1 2 0.1 0.2 2 

Gd 1.72 1.7 4.2 3.5 2.3 2.8 2.6 2.2 2.32 2.2 1.9 1.92 

Tb I 0.2 0.3 I 0.2 0.2 

Dy 0.8 0.7 0.8 1.1 0.6 0.4 0.6 

Ho 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.3 

Er 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.1 

Tm 0.1 

Yb 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 

Lu 

lOOY/(Y+Ln) (3.9) 1 (8.4) (6.8) (4.3) (6.1)1 (2.3) (0.3) 

Method CH XF EP OS OS OS OS CH OS CH 

:L=La+Ce+Pr 73.7 73.7 73.8 73.8 73.8 73.8 73.9 74.0 74.0 74.0 74.0 74.0 

La-Nd 93.8 94.4 84.0 92.4 94.0 95.1 95.3 92.5 92.7 93.1 93.8 94.5 

Sm-Ho 6.2 5.6 16.0 7.6 5.6 4.7 4.4 7.4 6.9 6.7 6.2 5.5 

Er-Lu 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.4 0.2 

RE203 58.8 46.3 60.6 56.8 57.15 65.9 55.6 63.2 49.6 

La/Nd 0.95 1.20 2.21 1.26 0.90 1.13 1.22 1.52 1.06 1.13 1.39 1.19 

Th02 19.5 7.1 6.44 8.0 6.34 

U30s 1.6 
TABLES 13 

Table 2. Monazite-(Ce) from igneous and metamorphic rocks-Continued. 

193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 

La 18.7 25.6 25.9 21.1 26.2 23.0 24.9 25.0 23.9 23.4 30.0 23.4 

Ce 55.3 44.2 42.5 46.6 37.6 44.8 44.7 43.8 44.9 45.3 39.4 45.6 

Pr 4.3 5.7 6.4 10.3 6.3 4.6 5.4 5.4 5.5 4.9 5.3 

Nd 26.0 16.0 18.5 19.2 21.5 22.3 17.3 20.0 20.8 21.6 18.8 20.3 

Sm 3.6 4.3 2.9 1.8 1.4 2.7 3.4 3.3 2.3 3.4 3.5 

Eu 0.5 

Gd 1.5 3.1 2.2 2.6 1.5 2.6 2.4 1.7 0.8 2.2 1.7 

Tb 0..7 0.1 0.1 1.3 

Dy 2.7 1.2 0.3 1.3 0.3 

Ho 0.7 0.2 

Er 0.7 0.3 0.2 1.7 0.2 

Tm 

Yb 0.1 0.2 

Lu 0.1 

lOOY /(Y +Ln) (7.2) (2 .. 6) (2 .. 6) (1.5) (1.5) (2.6) 

Method OS XF XF XF OS OS CH XF XF XF XF OS 

l:=La+Ce+Pr 74.0 74.1 74.1 74.1 74.1 74.1 74.2 74.2 74.2 74.2 74.3 74.3 

La-Nd 100.0 90.1 92.6 93.3 95.6 96.4 91.5 94.2 95.0 95.8 93.1 94.6 

Sm-Ho 9.2 7.4 6.4 4.4 3.2 6.6 5.8 5.0 4.2 6.9 5.2 

Er-Lu 0.7 0.3 0.4 1.9 0.2 

RE203 37.1 56.6 

La/Nd 0.72 1.60 1.40 1.10 1.22 1.03 1.44 1.25 1.15 1.08 1.60 1.15 

Th02 17.0 8.61 6.00 9.63 

U30s 0.12 0.13 

205 206 207a 207b 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 

La 19.9 25.0 23.8 24.2 20.5 22.4 23.2 23.7 23.8 24.4 25.6 23.8 

Ce 48.8 49.4 45.0 46.2 49.0 46.2 45.2 45.4 50.8 44.8 40.0 45.7 

Pr 5.6 5.6 5.4 4.9 5.9 6.2 5.5 5.5 9.2 5.4 

Nd 23.3 16.8 18.9 17.8 19.0 17.0 17.3 19.7 25.4 20.4 18.1 19.9 

Sm 2.4 2.3 3.8 3.3 2.8 3.2 3.4 3.7 3.3 3.6 3.2 

Eu 

Gd 6.5 2.9 3.1 2.62 3.4 2.9 2.0 1.6 3.0 2.0 

Tb 0.1 0.1 

Dy 1.0 1.4 1.3 

Ho 0.1 

Er 0.4 0.4 0.4 

Tm 0.1 

Yb 0.1 

Lu 

100Y/(Y +Ln) (4.5) (9.2) (9.1) (1.9)1 (8.4) 

Method EP INA OS OS CH XF XF XF OS XF OS XF 

l:=La+Ce+Pr 74.3 74.4 74.4 75.8 74.4 74.5 74.6 74.6 74.6 74.7 74.8 74.9 

La-Nd 97.6 91.2 93.3 93.6 93.4 91.5 91.9 94.3 100.0 95.1 92.9 94.8 

Sm-Ho 2.4 8.8 6.7 6.4 6.5 8.1 7.7 5.7 4.9 6.6 5.2 

Er-Lu 0.1 0.4 0.4 0.5 

RE20 3 53.55 71.63 53.29 45.7 

La/Nd 0.85 1.49 1.26 1.36 1.08 1.32 1.34 1.20 0.94 1.20 1.41 1.20 

Th02 1.94 21.3 19.5 16.30 10.3 

U30s 
14 RARE-EARTH ELEMENTS IN MINERALS OF THE MONAZITE FAMILY 

Table 2. Monazite-(Ce) from igneous and metamorphic rocks-Continued. 

216a 216b 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 

La 23.7 23.3 22.9 25.5 23.8 21.8 20.3 25.5 20.9 18.9 22.9 21.9 

Ce 45.5 47.0 46.1 40.2 45.6 47.1 49.6 40.6 48.7 51.6 47.4 46.5 

Pr 5.7 5.4 6.0 9.3 5.6 6.2 5.2 9.0 5.6 4.7 4.9 6.8 

Nd 20.4 19.8 16.2 18.4 19.8 18.9 20.1 21.3 15.3 15.9 16.2 17.0 

Sm 3.6 3.4 6.3 3.7 3.2 2.7 1.6 2.0 5.2 3.4 2.6 3.3 

Eu 0.2 0.1 0.3 

Gd 1.1 1.1 2.5 2.9 2.0 2.0 2.9 1.2 4.3 2.6 5.5 1.8 

Tb 3 0.3 0.3 

Dy 1.1 0.1 1.6 0.5 1.3 

Ho 0.1 

Er 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 

Tm 0.2 

Yb 0.4 0.3 

Lu 

lOOY /(Y +Ln) (1.0) (1.0) (7.2) (5.5) (2.8)3 (1.2) (4.4) 

Method OS OS EP OS XF XF OS CH INA XF OS XF 

L=La+Ce+Pr 74.9 75.7 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.1 75.1 75.1 75.2 75.2 75.2 75.2 

La-Nd 95.3 95.5 91.2 93.4 94.8 94.0 95.2 96.4 90.5 91.1 91.4 92.2 

Sm-Ho 4.7 4.5 8.8 6.6 5.2 5.8 4.6 3.4 9.5 8.0 8.6 7.1 

Er-Lu 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.9 0.7 

RE203 60.3 58.5 38.4 62.2 

La/Nd 1.16 1.18 1.41 1.39 1.20 1.15 1.01 1.20 1.37 1.19 1.41 1.29 

Th02 10.9 7.7 5.6 5.6 

U30 8 0.4 

227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 

La 21.0 24.0 22.6 24.3 23.6 21.9 23.6 21.4 24.8 23.2 20.5 21.9 

Ce 47.3 46.2 46.9 45.8 46.9 47.6 41.8 48.7 45.5 47.0 50.2 47.7 

Pr 6.9 5.0 5.7 5.2 4.8 5.9 10.0 5.3 5.1 5.2 4.8 5.9 

Nd 17.7 19.2 20.0 18.6 21.7 17.0 18.8 19.2 19.8 21.4 16.8 16.9 

Sm 3.2 3.3 2.4 3.8 3.0 2.5 1.8 3.5 3.0 1.4 2.8 2.5 

Eu 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 

Gd 2.0 2.3 1.3 1.9 2.1 3.7 1.9 1.8 1.1 2.6 2.1 

Tb 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.5 0.3 

Dy 1.2 0.6 1.4 0.3 1.0 1.4 

Ho 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.3 

Er 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.6 0.3 0.2 0.6 

Tm 0.2 

Yb 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.3 

Lu 

lOOY/(Y +Ln) (4.4) (3.1) (12.8) (6.7) (1.0) 

Method XF XF XF OS EP XF OS OS XF XF XF XF 

L=La+Ce+Pr 75.2 75.2 75.2 75.3 75.3 75.4 75.4 75.4 75.4 75.4 75.5 75.5 

La-Nd 92.9 94.4 95.2 93.9 97.0 92.4 94.2 94.6 95.2 96.8 92.3 92.4 

Sm-Ho 6.8 5.6 4.6 5.9 3.0 6.7 5.5 5.4 4.8 3.2 7.1 6.7 

Er-Lu 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.9 0.3 0.6 0.9 

RE20 3 56.2 66.53 57.0 44.6 43.4 

La/Nd 1.19 1.25 1.13 1.31 1.09 1.29 1.26 1.11 1.25 1.08 1.22 1.30 

Th02 9.97 3.66 

U30 8 0.20 
TABLES 15 

Table 2. Monazite-(Ce) from igneous and metamorphic rocks-Continued. 

239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 

La 22.3 22.0 25.4 19.7 20.3 24.8 25.3 25.7 21.1 21.4 26.6 23.3 

Ce 49.8 47.7 45.0 47.6 49.3 45.8 45.2 46.0 48.6 47.4 43.7 42.0 

Pr 3.4 5.8 5.1 8.3 6.0 5.1 5.2 4.1 6.2 7.1 5.7 10.7 

Nd 18.7 19.3 19.6 20.7 21.89 19.0 20.1 15.3 17.1 20.0 17.3 18.4 

Sm 3.1 4.8 2.9 3.7 2.6 3.4 2.4 2.7 3.2 2.5 4.1 1.9 

Eu 2 0.1 

Gd 1.7 2.0 1.9 1.32 2.4 2.2 1.2 2.6 3.7 

Tb 1 0.1 

Dy 0.6 0.5 2.2 1.0 0.4 

Ho 0.1 0.4 0.2 

Er 0.2 1.3 0.1 

Tm 

Yb 0.1 0.3 0.1 

Lu 

1 OOY /(Y +Ln) (5.7) (1.2)1 (2.6) (2.0) (3.7) 

Method EP XF XF XF XF CH XF XF CH OS 

L=La+Ce+Pr 75.5 75.5 75.5 75.6 75.6 75.7 75.7 75.8 75.9 75.9 76.0 76.0 

La-Nd 94.2 94.8 95.1 96.3 97.4 94.7 95.8 91.1 93.0 95.9 93.3 94.4 

Sm-Ho 5.5 5.2 4.9 3.7 2.6 5.3 4.2 7.3 6.8 4.1 6.7 5.6 

Er-Lu 0.3 1.6 0.2 

RE20 3 48.32 63.03 56.0 

La/Nd 1.19 1.14 1.30 0.95 0.93 1.31 1.26 1.68 1.23 1.07 1.54 1.27 

Th02 5.93 6.14 

U30s 

251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 

La 21.2 25.3 22.5 22.2 26.0 24.0 21.1 24.4 23.7 24.3 23.7 25.7 

Ce 49.1 45.9 47.4 49.4 50.0 46.2 49.9 45.4 47.6 46.8 47.4 45.7 

Pr 5.7 4.8 6.1 4.4 5.9 5.1 6.3 4.9 5.1 5.1 4.9 

Nd 18.6 18.7 19.0 21.2 24.0 18.7 19.2 19.5 13.4 18.7 19.0 19.0 

Sm 2.7 3.2 3.3 2.8 2.9 2.5 3.7 6.9 3.6 2.9 3.2 

Eu 0.1 

Gd 1.5 2.1 1.5 1.7 1.82 3.5 1.5 1.9 1.5 

Tb 0.3 I 

Dy 0.7 0.5 0.3 0.7 

Ho 0.1 

Er 0.2 0.1 0.1 

Tm 

Yb 

Lu 

100Y/(Y +Ln) (9.1) (4.0) (5.8) 1 (4.6) (6.4) 

Method XF XF OS EP OS ID CH EP EP XF XF XF 

L=La+Ce+Pr 76.0 76.0 76.0 76.0 76.0 76.1 76.1 76.1 76.2 76.2 76.2 76.3 

La-Nd 94.6 94.7 95.0 97.2 100.00 94.8 95.3 95.6 89.6 94.9 95.2 95.3 

Sm-Ho 5.4 5.3 4.8 2.8 5.1 4.6 4.4 10.4 5.1 4.8 4.7 

Er-Lu 0.2 0.1 0.1 

RE203 52.13 46.8 63.75 60.2 

La/Nd 1.14 1.35 1.18 1.05 1.08 1.28 1.10 1.25 1.77 1.30 1.25 1.35 

Th02 6.46 15.3 8.12 4.00 11.6 4.5 

U30s 0.09 0.30 2.5 
16 RARE-EARTH ELEMENTS IN MINERALS OF THE MONAZITE FAMILY 

Table 2. Monazite-(Ce) from igneous and metamorphic rocks-Continued. 

263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 273 273 274 

La 25.9 22.1 25.7 26.9 26.4 25.5 19.2 25.6 23.2 21.7 19.3 21.0 

Ce 46.4 49.7 46.0 44.4 45.2 51.0 51.5 45.9 48.1 52.3 53.4 49.3 

Pr 4.1 4.6 4.8 5.2 4.9 5.9 5.1 5.3 2.7 4.0 6.5 

Nd 15.5 18.4 18.4 18.5 18.8 23.5 16.8 17.6 19.6 18.0 18.6 16.0 

Sm 2.7 2.4 2.9 3.0 3.2 3.8 3.0 1.4 2.9 3.0 2.4 

Eu 0.2 0.1 0.1 

Gd 2.4 1.2 2.2 2.0 1.5 2.1 2.8 1.2 1.6 1.1 1.3 

Tb 0.2 0.2 0.2 

Dy 1.4 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.4 1.3 

Ho 0.2 0.1 0.3 

Er 1.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.6 

Tm 0.1 0.1 

Yb 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.8 

Lu 0.1 

1 OOY /(Y +Ln) (2.6) (8.0) (0.9) 1 

Method CH XF XF XF XF OS CH XF XF EP XF XF 

:E=La+Ce+Pr 76.4 76.4 76.5 76.5 76.5 76.5 76.6 76.6 76.6 76.7 76.7 76.8 

La-Nd 91.9 94.8 94.9 95.0 95.3 100.0 93.4 94.2 96.2 94.7 95.3 92.8 

Sm-Ho 6.5 4.7 5.1 5.0 4.7 6.6 5.8 3.8 5.1 4.5 5.6 

Er-Lu 1.6 0.5 0.2 0.2 1.6 

RE20 3 62.4 55.1 49.05 68.3 

La/Nd 1.67 1.20 1.40 1.45 1.40 1.09 1.14 1.45 1.18 1.21 1.04 1.31 

Th02 8.75 11.7 8.48 

U30s 0.04 

275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 

La 23.1 25.2 26.2 23.3 22.0 25.2 28.0 23.3 21.5 24.3 26.3 28.3 

Ce 47.8 47.1 42.1 46.4 50.7 51.6 42.9 51.9 52.8 46.8 45.5 46.8 

Pr 5.9 4.5 8.5 7.1 4.1 6.0 1.7 2.6 5.8 5.1 1.8 

Nd 18.4 19.0 19.3 19.6 20.3 23.2 13.9 14.7 17.2 17.3 17.5 18.3 

Sm 2.1 2.4 2.3 2.0 2.0 4.2 3.1 3.1 2.7 3.2 4.4 

Eu 0.2 0.7 0.1 0.1 

Gd 1.8 1.8 1.6 0.6 0.72 3.8 2.6 1.7 2.02 2.4 0.4 

Tb 0.2 0.1 

Dy 0.6 0.4 0.2 1.9 0.6 0.4 

Ho 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3 

Er 0.1 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.4 

Tm 

Yb 0.2 0.3 0.1 

Lu 

I OOY /(Y +Ln) (7.2) (2.2) (1.9) (0.9) 1 (7.2) (2.4) (10.1) (8.7) 1 (21.5) 

Method OS OS XF CH OS XF EP CH XF 

:E=La+Ce+Pr 76.8 76.8 76.8 76.8 76.8 76.8 76.9 76.9 76.9 76.9 76.9 76.9 

La-Nd 95.2 95.8 96.1 96.4 97.1 100.0 90.8 91.6 94.1 94.2 94.4 95.2 

Sm-Ho 4.7 4.2 3.9 3.4 2.9 8.8 7.7 5.6 5.4 5.6 4.8 

Er-Lu 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.7 0.3 0.4 

RE20 3 61.0 53.99 50.13 

La!Nd 1.26 1.33 1.36 1.19 1.08 1.09 2.01 1.59 1.25 1.40 1.50 1.55 

Th02 6.7 7.23 9.7 5.77 

U30s 
TABLES 17 

Table 2. Monazite-(Ce) from igneous and metamorphic rocks-Continued. 

287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 

La 23.8 23.1 22.8 26.4 22.3 26.6 25.9 25.0 24.1 24.1 25.9 22.5 

Ce 46.8 48.0 48.3 42.1 48.1 46.9 46.2 52.1 47.9 48.3 46.3 51.1 

Pr 6.3 5.8 5.8 8.4 6.6 3.6 5.0 5.2 4.8 5.0 3.6 

Nd 18.3 18.4 18.9 19.2 16.2 14.8 18.5 22.9 12.7 17.2 18.5 18.7 

Sm 2.4 2.1 1.6 2.2 2.6 1.9 2.9 3.7 2.8 2.8 1.8 

Eu 0.2 0.2 0.3 

Gd 1.6 1.8 2.0 1.5 1.7 3.3 1.5 2.8 2.8 1.5 1.3 

Tb 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.5 0.3 

Dy 0.7 0.5 0.2 1.1 2.0 1.9 0.7 

Ho 0.2 0.2 0.3 

Er 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.4 

Tm 0.2 0.1 

Yb 0.1 0.5 0.4 

Lu 

I OOY /(Y +Ln) (3.2) (2.3) (6.3) 

Method XF XF OS OS XF XF XF OS XF XF XF 

1:=La+Ce+Pr 76.9 76.9 76.9 76.9 77.0 77.1 77.1 77.1 77.2 77.2 77.2 77.2 

La-Nd 95.2 95.3 95.8 96.1 93.2 91.9 95.6 100.0 89.9 94.4 95.7 95.9 

Sm-Ho 4.8 4.6 3.8 3.7 6.0 7.9 4.4 9.2 5.6 4.3 4.1 

Er-Lu 0.1 0.4 0.2 0.8 0.2 0.9 

RE20 3 51.15 

La/Nd 1.30 1.26 1.21 1.38 1.38 1.80 1.40 1.09 1.90 1.40 1.40 1.20 

Th02 9.17 10.0 

U30R 0.18 

299 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309a 309b 

La 24.4 23.9 28.3 29.0 26.6 25.0 24.1 26.9 16.3 23.0 22.3 24.5 

Ce 47.8 48.1 43.5 43.1 45.8 475. 48.4 46.3 55.3 48.7 41.6 47.4 

Pr 5.1 5.3 5.5 5.2 5.0 5.0 5.1 4.4 6.0 5.9 9.1 6.2 

Nd 18.1 18.4 18.9 19.6 18.3 15.5 14.4 17.3 17.5 18.2 20.1 19.4 

Sm 2.7 3.3 3.8 1.8 2.8 5.0 5.4 2.9 3.0 1.5 3.3 1.8 

Eu 0.3 2 0.2 

Gd 1.9 1.0 0.9 1.5 2.0 2.6 2.2 1.92 1.9 2.6 

Tb 

Dy 0.1 0.3 1.0 0.3 

Ho 0.1 

Er 0.4 

Tm 0.1 

Yb 0.1 

Lu 

IOOY /(Y +Ln) (0.9) (1.4) (1.7) (2.0) (3.2) (2.8) 

Method XF OS XF XF XF EP EP XF CH XF XF 

1:=La+Ce+Pr 77.3 77.3 77.3 77.3 77.4 77.5 77.6 77.6 77.6 77.6 73.0 78.1 

La-Nd 95.4 95.7 96.2 96.9 95.7 93.0 92.0 94.9 95.1 95.8 93.1 97.5 

Sm-Ho 4.6 4.3 3.8 3.1 4.3 7.0 8.0 5.1 4.9 3.7 6.9 2.4 

Er-Lu 0.5 0.1 

RE20 3 63.4 59.7 50.0 54.71 54.0 54.0 

La/Nd 1.35 1.30 1.50 1.48 1.45 1.61 1.67 1.55 0.93 1.26 1.11 1.26 

Th02 9.3 4.1 5.6 7.64 2.39 2.39 

U30s 0.1 0.2 0.29 
18 RARE-EARTH ELEMENTS IN MINERALS OF THE MONAZITE FAMILY 

Table 2. Monazite-(Ce) from igneous and metamorphic rocks-Continued. 

309c 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 

La 23.2 25.2 24.6 25.7 26.9 23.3 26.9 20.0 23.8 22.3 23.1 26.2 

Ce 52.9 48.3 48.2 47.0 46.6 51.3 40.3 52.8 51.9 51.5 48.9 47.1 

Pr 5.5 4.2 4.9 5.1 4.3 3.3 10.7 5.1 2.3 4.2 6.0 4.7 

Nd 16.3 16.2 17.3 17.8 17.9 15.2 18.5 22.1 15.6 16.6 17.3 18.1 

Sm 1.7 3.0 3.3 3.0 2.9 3.1 1.4 2.8 2.7 2.3 2.5 

Eu 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 

Gd 0.2 1.3 1.7 1.4 1.4 1.8 2.0 2.3 1.8 1.4 1.4 

Tb 0.2 0.2 

Dy 0.1 0.9 1.7 1.0 0.6 0.5 

Ho 

Er 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 

Tm 0.2 

Yb 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 

Lu 

1 OOY /(Y +Ln) (1.0) (4.4) (6.5) (15.1) 1 (6.0) (2.7) 

Method CH XF OS XF XF XF OS CH XF XF XF XF 

l:=La+Ce+Pr 81.6 77.7 77.7 77.8 77.8 77.9 77.9 77.9 78.0 78.0 78.0 78.0 

La-Nd 97.9 93.9 95.0 95.6 95.7 93.1 96.4 100.0 93.6 94.6 95.3 96.1 

Sm-Ho 2.1 5.6 5.0 4.4 4.3 6.7 3.4 6.2- 5.2 4.5 3.9 

Er-Lu 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 

RE203 54.0 47.5 50.8 52.9 

La/Nd 1.42 1.56 1.42 1.44 1.50 1.53 1.45 0.90 1.53 1.34 1.34 1.45 

Th02 2.39 11.0 18.7 7.57 

U30s 

321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 

La 30.1 26.8 23.9 26.7 24.7 25.6 14.3 24.4 20.1 23.5 22.8 23.0 

Ce 42.6 40.5 51.9 46.2 47.0 47.4 56.5 47.3 50.8 49.6 49.5 52.0 

Pr 5.3 10.7 2.3 5.2 6.4 5.1 7.3 6.5 7.3 5.1 6.0 3.3 

Nd 18.3 18.5 15.5 17.8 17.9 18.9 20.0 17.1 17.6 18.8 14.7 15.2 

Sm 3.5 1.4 2.8 2.5 1.7 3.0 1.3 1.6 1.7 2.1 5.3 3.0 

Eu 0.1 0.1 0.2 2 0.1 

Gd 2.1 2.3 1.6 1.3 0.4 2.5 1.4 0.92 1.7 2.3 

Tb 

Dy 1.0 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.9 

Ho 0.2 

Er 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.4 0.1 

Tm 

Yb 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 

Lu 

IOOY /(Y +Ln) (3.3) (1.1) (6.4) (2.0) (3.1) (2.4) (0.6)3 (5.4) (6.1) 

Method OS OS XF XF OS XF OS XF CH EP XF 

l:=La+Ce+Pr 78.0 78.0 78.1 78.1 78.1 78.1 78.1 78.2 78.2 78.2 78.3 78.3 

La-Nd 96.3 96.5 93.6 95.9 96.0 97.0 98.1 95.3 95.8 97.0 93.0 93.5 

Sm-Ho 3.7 3.5 6.2 4.1 3.6 3.0 1.9 4.5 3.6 3.0 7.0 6.3 

Er-Lu 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.6 0.2 

RE203 64.6 61.3 

La/Nd 1.64 1.45 1.54 1.50 1.38 1.35 0.72 1.43 1.14 1.25 1.55 1.51 

Th02 0.18 1.04 5.60 6.5 

U30s 1.38 0.25 0.2 
TABLES 19 

Table 2. Monazite-(Ce) from igneous and metamorphic rocks-Continued. 

333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 

La 24.0 27.9 26.2 26.0 24.6 32.2 25.1 25.3 27.8 26.3 23.2 27.2 

Ce 52.0 44.6 47.4 47.6 48.8 40.0 48.4 49.0 46.3 47.5 49.1 51.3 

Pr 2.3 5.8 4.7 4.8 5.0 6.2 4.9 4.2 4.4 4.7 6.2 

Nd 15.4 17.0 17.5 16.7 16.9 17.3 18.4 13.0 16.1 17.5 19.6 21.5 

Sm 2.8 2.2 2.6 1.9 2.9 2.7 2.5 2.7 2.1 2.6 1.3 

Eu 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 

Gd 2.1 1.12 1.6 1.4 1.8 0.4 0.7 1.6 1.5 1.4 0.5 

Tb 0.3 0.1 0.5 0.3 

Dy 1.1 0.5 0.5 0.3 1.0 1.3 

Ho 0.2 0.1 

Er 0.1 0.4 0.3 0.7 0.9 

Tm 0.4 

Yb 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.8 

Lu 0.4 

100Y/(Y+Ln) (6.1) (2.4)1 (2.4) (0.3) (7.1) (5.5) (1.3) (1.6) (5.8) 

Method XF CH XF CH XF ICP OS XF XF XF OS 

I:=La+Ce+Pr 78.3 78.3 78.3 78.4 78.4 78.4 78.4 78.5 78.5 78.5 78.5 78.5 

La-Nd 93.7 95.3 95.8 95.1 95.3 95.7 96.8 91.5 94.6 96.0 98.1 100.0 

Sm-Ho 6.1 4.0 4.2 4.4 4.7 3.6 3.2 6.0 5.4 4.0 1.9 

Er-Lu 0.2 0.7 0.5 0.7 2.5 

RE20 3 60.84 61.8 65.1 42.5 61.21 

La/Nd 1.56 1.64 1.50 1.56 1.46 1.86 1.36 1.95 1.73 1.50 1.18 1.27 

Th02 4.26 3.32 7.7 8.1 

U30s 0.87 

345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 

La 24.1 26.6 20.3 27.8 24.5 26.1 25.2 27.0 28.5 19.3 24.2 27.7 

Ce 52.2 47.2 52.4 45.6 52.8 47.9 48.1 41.9 44.0 54.3 52.4 46.7 

Pr 2.4 4.9 6.0 5.4 1.5 4.8 5.5 9.9 6.4 5.3 2.3 4.5 

Nd 15.7 16.1 16.7 13.5 14.9 16.6 17.6 17.8 14.3 14.5 15.5 16.1 

Sm 2.6 2.4 1.9 3.0 3.0 1.9 1.5 1.5 3.3 2.6 2.6 2.1 

Eu 2 0.7 2 0.6 0.2 0.1 2 

Gd 2.0 1.62 2.2 3.5 1.9 1.62 1.2 1.8 2.9 1.9 1.7 1.72 

Th I I 0.2 0.2 I 

Dy 0.9 0.6 0.3 1.2 0.5 0.6 1.2 1.0 1.2 

Ho 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 

Er 0.4 0.1 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.1 

Tm 

Yb 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 

Lu 

1 OOY /(Y +Ln) (3.8) (1.9)1 (2.4) (4.8) (2.8) 1 (1.6) (5.2) (1.9)' 

Method XF CH XF XF CH XF OS XF XF CH 

I:=La+Ce+Pr 78.7 78.7 78.7 78.8 78.8 78.8 78.8 78.8 78.9 78.9 78.9 78.9 

La-Nd 94.4 94.8 95.4 92.3 93.7 95.4 96.4 96.6 93.2 93.4 94.4 95.0 

Sm-Ho 5.5 4.8 4.4 7.3 6.1 4.1 3.6 3.3 6.8 6.2 5.4 5.0 

Er-Lu 0.1 0.4 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.5 0.1 0.4 0.2 

RE203 58.48 61.69 59.7 61.21 

La/Nd 1.54 1.65 1.22 2.06 1.64 1.57 1.43 1.52 1.99 1.33 1.56 1.72 

Th02 4.96 4.62 5.32 

U30s 
20 RARE-EARTH ELEMENTS IN MINERALS OF THE MONAZITE FAMILY 

Table 2. Monazite-(Ce) from igneous and metamorphic rocks-Continued. 

357 358 359 360 361 362 363 364 365 366 367 368 

La 26.4 28.6 28.4 29.5 23.0 27.1 28.6 29.2 27.2 17.2 27.4 23.9 

Ce 47.4 43.0 43.3 45.0 51.5 46.8 41.0 41.7 46.3 56.8 51.9 52.3 

Pr 5.1 7.3 7.2 4.5 4.6 5.3 9.6 8.3 5.8 5.3 3.2 

Nd 17.6 17.9 18.0 15.5 15.1 15.2 17.4 20.8 16.9 17.7 20.7 15.2 

Sm 2.5 1.3 1.3 3.9 2.9 2.3 1.5 2.7 1.8 2.4 

Eu 0.2 0.2 0.1 

Gd 1.0 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.42 1.9 1.12 1.22 1.5 

Tb I I 

Dy 0.6 1.4 

Ho 1.2 0.3 

Er 0.1 0.7 

Tm 

Yb 0.1 0.3 

Lu 

1 OOY /(Y +Ln) (5.0) (2.4)1 (1.3) (2.2)1 (1.6) (6.3) (4.5) 

Method XF OS OS XF XF CH OS XF CH CH OS XF 

:E=La+Ce+Pr 78.9 78.9 78.9 79.0 79.1 79.2 79.2 79.2 79.3 79.3 79.3 79.4 

La-Nd 96.5 96.8 96.9 94.5 94.2 94.4 96.6 100.0 96.2 97.0 100.00 94.6 

Sm-Ho 3.5 3.1 3.1 5.5 5.7 4.6 3.4 3.8 3.0 5.4 

Er-Lu 0.1 0.1 1.0 

RE20 3 60.0 39.69 62.08 55.1 

La/Nd 1.50 1.60 1.58 1.90 1.52 1.78 1.64 1.40 1.61 0.97 1.32 1.57 

Th02 8.94 3.00 8.2 

U30R 

369 370 371 372 373 374 375 376 377 378 379 380 

La 25.8 25.8 26.1 25.7 29.7 24.2 27.7 31.3 25.4 23.2 23.2 27.8 

Ce 49.1 53.6 49.7 50.4 45.9 52.8 47.1 43.2 54.1 51.8 52.9 41.6 

Pr 4.5 3.7 3.4 3.9 2.5 4.7 5.0 4.6 3.5 10.2 

Nd 18.0 18.0 12.3 13.0 15.0 15.3 16.8 18.0 20.5 14.8 14.9 16.8 

Sm 2.3 2.4 2.6 2.7 1.6 2.5 2.4 1.8 2.8 2.5 1.8 

Eu 0.2 0.1 

Gd 1.5 1.5 2.6 1.8 1.3 0.7 1.6 1.6 0.92 

Tb 0.4 0.4 0.2 

Dy 0.3 0.2 1.3 1.1 1.1 0.8 1.0 1.3 0.6 

Ho 0.2 0.2 0.1 

Er 0.7 0.5 0.1 

Tm 0.3 0.3 

Yb 0.5 0.5 0.1 0.2 0.1 

Lu 0.5 0.3 

1 OOY /(Y +Ln) (2.7) (2.6) (1.2) (1.0) (1.2) (3.6) (8.9) (5.4) (3.7 (1.5)1 

Method EP EP XF XF XF XF XF XF OS XF XF CH 

:E=La+Ce+Pr 79.4 79.4 79.5 79.5 79.5 79.5 79.5 79.5 79.5 79.6 79.6 79.6 

La-Nd 97.4 97.4 91.8 92.5 94.5 94.8 96.3 97.5 100.0 94.4 94.5 96.4 

Sm-Ho 2.6 2.6 6.2 5.9 5.5 5.1 3.7 2.5 5.4 5.5 3.4 

Er-Lu 2.0 1.6 0.1 0.2 0.2 

RE203 57.65 59.06 48.8 49.4 48.3 58.92 

La/Nd 1.43 1.43 2.12 1.98 1.98 1.58 1.65 1.74 1.24 1.57 1.56 1.65 

Th02 8.04 8.07 12.2 7.07 

U30R 0.64 0.91 
TABLES 21 

Table 2. Monazite-(Ce) from igneous and metamorphic rocks-Continued. 

381 382 383 384 385 386 387 388 389 390 391 392 

La 22.9 22.1 25.0 24.0 23.4 26.2 24.0 23.2 26.6 28.3 23.6 24.2 

Ce 53.4 53.4 52.4 49.2 51.1 49.0 53.1 53.2 48.8 46.6 53.4 52.3 

Pr 3.4 4.2 2.3 6.5 5.2 4.6 2.7 3.4 4.4 4.9 2.9 3.4 

Nd 14.8 14.9 15.0 15.5 18.2 14.4 14.8 14.9 15.3 16.0 14.7 14.7 

Sm 2.5 1.9 2.5 2.2 1.4 5.1 2.5 2.4 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.4 

Eu 0.1 0.1 2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 

Gd 1.2 1.4 1.8 1.0 0.72 0.7 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.0 1.7 1.5 

Tb 0.2 0.1 3 0.1 

Dy 1.2 0.6 0.9 0.7 1.0 1.0 0.5 0.7 1.0 1.3 

Ho 0.2 0.1 

Er 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.1 

Tm 0.2 0.1 

Yb 0.1 0.7 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.2 

Lu 

100Y/(Y +Ln) (4.6) (0.6) (4.4) (1.1 )3 (1.6) (3.9) (5.5) (4.4) (4.0) 

Method XF XF XF XF CH EP XF XF XF CH XF XF 

L=La+Ce+Pr 79.7 79.7 79.7 79.7 79.7 79.8 79.8 79.8 79.8 79.8 79.9 79.9 

La-Nd 94.5 94.6 94.7 95.2 97.9 94.2 94.6 94.7 95.1 95.8 94.6 94.6 

Sm-Ho 5.0 4.3 5.2 4.2 2.1 5.8 5.3 5.1 4.8 4.2 5.3 5.4 

Er-Lu 0.5 1.1 0.1 0.6 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 

RE20 3 45.5 64.6 64.7 67.2 

La/Nd 1.55 1.48 1.67 1.55 1.29 1.82 1.62 1.56 1.74 1.77 1.61 1.65 

Th02 5.6 0.7 1.68 

U30s 1.3 0.035 

393 394 395 396 397 398 399 400 401 402 403 404 

La 20.4 24.4 23.9 25.4 15.5 26.8 24.5 28.4 23.1 23.5 25.9 24.2 

Ce 54.3 53.8 52.8 52.9 42.5 44.1 55.5 46.6 53.8 51.2 49.9 54.0 

Pr 5.2 1.8 3.3 1.7 22.0 9.1 5.1 3.2 5.4 4.3 2.0 

Nd 17.3 14.1 14.6 14.7 15.6 17.2 20.0 14.4 14.5 15.1 17.0 14.1 

Sm 2.2 2.6 2.5 2.5 3.0 1.3 1.5 2.4 2.2 2.8 2.6 

Eu 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 

Gd 0.62 1.7 1.6 1.8 1.4 1.4 1.9 1.6 1.6 

Tb 0.1 

Dy 1.4 1.1 0.8 1.4 0.9 0.6 0.1 1.3 

Ho 0.1 0.9 0.1 

Er 0.1 1.2 0.1 0.1 

Tm 

Yb 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.1 

Lu 

lOOY /(Y +Ln) (0.9) (4.2) (4.6) (3.3) (1.2) (0.7) (4.2) (1.9) (3.9) 

Method CH XF XF XF CH OS OS OS XF XF EP XF 

L=La+Ce+Pr 79.9 80.0 80.0 80.0 80.0 80.0 80.0 80.1 80.1 80.1 80.1 80.2 

La-Nd 97.2 94.1 94.6 94.7 95.6 97.2 100.0 94.5 94.6 95.2 97.1 94.3 

Sm-Ho 2.8 5.7 5.3 5.2 4.4 2.8 3.9 5.2 4.7 2.9 5.5 

Er-Lu 0.2 0.1 0.1 1.6 0.2 0.1 0.2 

RE20 3 54.4 60.08 

La/Nd 1.18 1.73 1.64 1.73 0.99 1.56 1.23 1.97 1.59 1.56 1.52 1.72 

Th02 13.7 -o.2 8.27 

U30s 0.82 
22 RARE-EARTH ELEMENTS IN MINERALS OF THE MONAZITE FAMILY 

Table 2. Monazite-(Ce) from igneous and metamorphic rocks-Continued. 

405 406 407 408 409 410 411 412 413 414 415 416 

La 25.0 27.0 28.2 25.3 20.6 24.5 26.6 27.7 26.9 27.1 29.5 27.2 

Ce 53.7 44.0 52.0 54.9 53.6 51.5 49.5 52.6 48.0 53.2 46.6 53.2 

Pr 1.5 9.2 6.1 4.3 4.2 5.4 4.3 

Nd 14.9 17.2 17.2 19.8 16.7 17.1 17.3 17.4 18.0 19.7 15.5 19.6 

Sm 2.4 1.2 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.3 2.2 1.0 1.6 

Eu 0.1 

Gd 1.7 1.4 0.6 2.5 

Tb 

Dy 0.7 0.2 0.5 0.1 0.1 0.1 

Ho 

Er 

Tm 

Yb 0.1 

Lu 

1 OOY /(Y +Ln) (3.6) (1.9) (2.7) (6.2) (3.5) (2.7) (1.9) (1.8) (7.4) (0.6) 

Method XF OS EP OS EP EP EP EP XF OS XF OS 

1:=La+Ce+Pr 80.2 80.2 80.2 80.2 80.3 80.3 80.3 80.3 80.3 80.3 80.4 80.4 

La-Nd 95.1 97.4 97.4 100.0 97.0 97.4 97.6 97.7 98. 100.0 95.9 100.0 

Sm-Ho 4.8 2.6 2.6 3.0 2.6 2.4 2.3 1.7 4.1 

Er-Lu 0.1 

RE20 3 58.53 59.72 57.67 58.85 

La/Nd 1.68 1.57 1.64 1.28 1.23 1.43 1.54 1.59 1.49 1.38 1.90 1.39 

Th02 7.59 9.1 8.91 7.35 7.16 7.5 

U308 

417 418 419 420 421 422 423 424 425 426 427 428 

La 26.3 29.5 24.9 25.8 22.6 25.8 8.7 23.0 28.1 24.7 25.1 24.6 

Ce 49.8 47.1 51.0 50.5 53.9 49.9 65.2 53.5 43.8 53.6 51.5 51.9 

Pr 4.4 3.9 4.6 4.2 4.0 4.8 6.7 4.1 8.7 2.4 4.1 4.2 

Nd 11.6 14.9 14.9 16.1 16.4 17.0 11.6 16.4 17.1 13.8 16.5 16.5 

Sm 2.7 1.1 2.0 2.5 1.9 2.4 4.8 1.9 1.0 2.4 2.5 2.7 

Eu 0.1 2 2 2 

Gd 1.5 1.7 1.62 1.22 3.0 1.02 1.3 2.0 

Tb 0.5 0.2 

Dy 1.1 1.2 0.4 0.9 0.1 1.0 0.3 0.1 

Ho 0.5 0.2 0.1 

Er 0.1 0.2 

Tm 0.5 0.2 

Yb 0.7 0.3 0.1 

Lu 0.2 

1 OOY /(Y +Ln) (0.9) (1.2) (3.9) 1 (1.9) (1.1) (2.2) (0.15) (2.83

) (1.2) (4.6) (3.0) (1.9) 

Method XF XF CH EP CH EP XF CH OS XF EP EP 

1:=La+Ce+Pr 80.5 80.5 80.5 80.5 80.5 80.5 80.6 80.6 80.6 80.7 80.7 80.7 

La-Nd 92.1 95.4 95.4 96.6 96.9 97.5 92.2 97.0 97.7 94.5 97.2 97.2 

Sm-Ho 6.4 4.4 4.1 3.4 3.1 2.5 7.8 2.9 2.3 5.4 2.8 2.8 

Er-Lu 1.5 0.2 0.5 0.1 

RE20 3 49.2 48.2 61.76 60.38 56.3 59.71 50.6 53.45 54.87 60.8 

La/Nd 2.27 1.98 1.67 1.60 1.38 1.52 0.75 1.40 1.64 1.79 1.52 1.49 

Th02 6.20 7.85 9.05 5.77 5.55 10.89 8.44 

U30R 0.55 
TABLES 23 

Table 2. Monazite-(Ce) from igneous and metamorphic rocks-Continued. 

429 430 431 432 433 434 435 436 437 438 439 440 

La 19.5 25.7 24.3 24.6 28.4 24.9 22.7 26.3 27.7 28.0 23.9 23.7 

Ce 55.2 49.9 56.5 51.2 47.8 51.4 52.0 49.2 53.2 44.5 51.2 53.9 

Pr 6.1 5.2 5.1 4.7 4.6 6.2 5.4 8.4 5.9 3.4 

Nd 17.0 17.0 19.2 14.0 16.2 16.6 17.2 17.6 19.1 19.1 13.4 14.5 

Sm 2.2 2.2 1.9 1.9 2.4 1.9 0.9 2.8 2.3 

Eu 0.2 0.1 

Gd 1.0 1.0 0.5 1.62 1.0 

Tb 

Dy 1.6 0.1 1.2 1.1 

Ho 

Er 

Tm 

Yb 0.4 0.1 

Lu 

100Y/(Y+Ln) (5.4) (9.2) (2.4) (0.4) (6.5) (2.5) 1 (3.6) 

Method XF EP OS XF XF EP EP XF OS XF CH XF 

L=La+Ce+Pr 80.8 80.8 80.8 80.9 80.9 80.9 80.9 80.9 80.9 80.9 81.0 81.0 

La-Nd 97.8 97.8 100.0 94.9 97.1 97.5 98.1 98.5 100.0 100.0 94.4 95.1 

Sm-Ho 2.2 2.2 4.7 2.9 2.5 1.9 1.5 5.6 4.4 

Er-Lu 0.4 0.1 

RE203 62.46 62.33 69.4 62.75 

La/Nd 1.15 1.51 1.27 1.76 1.75 1.50 1.32 1.49 1.45 1.47 1.78 1.63 

Th02 2.45 7.5 8.71 1.79 6.9 

U30s 0.48 

441 442 443 444 445 446 447 448 449 450 451 452 

La 24.4 25.7 25.8 26.0 30.0 29.8 24.6 27.0 26.0 26.0 26.7 27.5 

Ce 51.6 50.3 50.2 50.0 51.1 45.4 51.8 48.8 50.4 50.6 49.7 53.7 

Pr 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.1 6.0 4.8 5.4 4.8 4.6 4.8 

Nd 15.7 16.6 16.6 16.3 18.9 12.0 16.0 16.1 16.2 16.3 17.3 18.8 

Sm 2.2 2.4 2.4 2.6 2.4 2.5 1.6 1.9 2.4 1.5 

Eu 0.6 0.3 

Gd 0.8 2.9 0.6 0.7 

Tb 0.1 

Dy 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.1 

Ho 0.2 

Er 0.5 

Tm 

Yb 0.2 

Lu 

lOOY /(Y +Ln) (6.5) (5.2) (6.6) (8.0) (6.2) (2.8) (0.3) (1.6) (1.8) (7.5) 

Method EP EP EP OS EP AAS OS EP EP OS 

L=La+Ce+Pr 81.0 81.0 81.0 81.1 81.1 81.2 81.2 81.2 81.2 81.2 81.2 81.2 

La-Nd 96.7 97.6 97.6 97.4 100.0 93.2 97.2 97.3 97.4 97.5 98.5 100.0 

Sm-Ho 3.3 2.4 2.4 2.6 6.1 2.8 2.7 2.6 2.5 1.5 

Er-Lu 0.7 

RE20 3 59.55 69.88 61.40 68.56 

La/Nd 1.55 1.55 1.55 1.60 1.59 2.48 1.54 1.68 1.60 1.60 1.54 1.46 

Th02 1.88 2.46 2.42 6.1 2.1 8.45 13.0 8.04 1.26 7.0 

U30 8 0.24 0.64 
24 RARE-EARTH ELEMENTS IN MINERALS OF THE MONAZITE FAMILY 

Table 2. Monazite-(Ce) from igneous and metamorphic rocks-Continued. 

453 454 455 456 457 458 459 460 461 462 463 464 

La 28.7 26.4 26.3 22.3 22.8 23.4 30.2 31.5 22.6 22.2 31.3 25.0 

Ce 49.0 54.9 49.1 53.4 52.7 52.3 51.3 50.0 47.9 48.3 47.1 52.4 

Pr 3.6 6.0 5.7 6.0 5.8 11.1 11.1 3.2 4.2 

Nd 14.0 18.7 16.4 16.6 16.2 16.5 18.5 18.5 13.0 13.1 14.6 15.8 

Sm 0.9 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.0 2.2 2.3 0.9 2.4 

Eu 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 

Gd 2.2 0.72 0.2 0.5 0.5 2.9 3.0 1.6 

Tb 0.2 3 0.2 

Dy 1.2 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.9 0.2 

Ho 

Er 0.3 

Tm 

Yb 

Lu 

1 OOY /(Y +Ln) (0.7) (5.7) (1.0)3 (0.6) (3.1) (5.2) (2.5) (0.9) (2.2) 

Method XF OS CH XF XF OS OS OS OS XF EP 

l:=La+Ce+Pr 81.3 81.3 81.4 81.4 81.5 81.5 81.5 81.5 81.6 81.6 81.6 81.6 

La-Nd 95.3 100.0 97.8 98.0 97.7 98.0 100.0 100.0 94.6 94.7 96.2 97.4 

Sm-Ho 4.7 2.2 2.0 2.3 2.0 5.1 5.3 3.8 2.6 

Er-Lu 0.3 

RE203 49.8 60.5 54.0 61.0 68.93 59.8 50.4 60.68 

La/Nd 2.05 1.41 1.60 1.34 1.41 1.42 1.63 1.70 1.74 1.69 2.14 1.58 

Th02 7.9 1.47 2.39 3.8 9.4 5.9 8.13 

U30 8 0.03 2.28 

465 466 467 468 469 470 471 472 473 474 475 476 

La 21.4 23.7 27.6 22.9 26.8 29.6 29.8 27.2 26.7 23.2 22.7 27.6 

Ce 54.7 53.2 50.8 53.0 50.2 46.3 46.3 50.5 51.0 53.9 53.7 50.3 

Pr 5.5 4.8 3.5 6.2 5.1 6.3 6.1 4.6 4.6 5.3 6.0 4.5 

Nd 16.0 13.6 13.9 14.5 16.0 13.2 13.7 15.4 15.5 15.0 15.2 15.8 

Sm 1.4 2.0 1.9 2.1 1.0 2.0 2.0 2.2 2.1 1.4 1.4 1.8 

Eu 2 2 0.2 0.5 0.2 

Gd 1.02 0.9 2.3 0.82 2.1 1.9 1.2 0.4 

Tb 0.2 I 

Dy 0.6 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.3 

Ho 

Er 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.1 

Tm 0.3 

Yb 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.2 

Lu 0.2 

1 OOY /(Y +Ln) (1.1) (0.4) (1.7) (4.0) 1 (2.9) (1.9) (1.9) (2.2) (2.0) (1.1) (0.8) 

Method CH XF OS CH XF EP EP CH XF EP 

l:=La+Ce+Pr 81.6 81.7 81.9 82.1 82.1 82.2 82.2 82.3 82.3 82.4 82.4 82.4 

La-Nd 97.6 95.3 95.8 96.6 98.1 95.4 95.9 97.7 97.8 97.4 97.6 98.2 

Sm-Ho 2.4 3.7 4.2 3.1 1.4 4.6 4.1 2.3 2.2 2.6 2.1 1.8 

Er-Lu 1.0 0.3 0.5 0.3 

RE20 3 46.2 63.2 63.0 61.44 60.83 56.06 52.7 62.61 

La/Nd 1.34 1.74 1.99 1.58 1.68 2.24 2.18 1.77 1.72 1.55 1.49 1.75 

Th02 4.6 5.46 2.6 1.8 8.45 8.33 6.42 

U30R trace 0.50 0.58 0.77 
TABLES 25 

Table 2. Monazite-(Ce) from igneous and metamorphic rocks-Continued. 

477 478 479 480 481 482 483 484 485 486 487 488 

La 22.0 21.7 30.7 28.7 27.1 27.9 22.9 28.0 27.0 34.7 23.5 18.2 

Ce 57.0 54.7 45.2 50.0 51.4 50.1 49.8 49.8 51.4 38.6 54.8 58.8 

Pr 3.5 6.1 6.8 4.0 4.2 4.7 10.1 5.1 4.6 9.7 4.8 6.1 

Nd 10.4 15.1 11.9 13.8 14.9 16.4 12.5 15.6 15.3 17.0 13.9 14.8 

Sm 1.8 1.2 1.0 1.4 2.2 0.9 2.2 1.5 1.2 1.9 1.5 

Eu 0.4 0.2 

Gd 4.9 0.6 0.2 1.4 2.3 0.5 1.12 0.62 

Tb 0.4 ._ 3 

Dy 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.1 0.2 

Ho 

Er 0.2 1.8 0.2 0.2 

Tm 1.6 

Yb 0.2 

Lu 

1 OOY /(Y +Ln) (0.3) (0.6) (0.6) (2.3) (0.3) (1.4) (3.4)3 

Method EP XF XF EP XF XF XF OS XF CH CH 

L=La+Ce+Pr 82.5 82.5 82.7 82.7 82.7 82.7 82.8 82.9 83.0 83.0 83.1 83.1 

La-Nd 92.9 97.6 94.6 96.5 97.6 99.1 95.3 98.5 98.3 100.0 97.0 97.9 

Sm-Ho 6.9 2.4 1.8 3.3 2.4 0.9 4.5 1.5 1.7 3.0 2.1 

Er-Lu 0.2 3.6 0.2 0.2 

RE203 70.11 62.5 52.3 59.55 54.7 60.05 

La/Nd 2.12 1.44 2.58 2.08 1.82 1.70 1.83 1.79 1.76 2.04 1.69 1.23 

Th02 7.47 6.7 7.95 

U30s 

489 490 491 492 493 494 495 496 497 498 499 500 

La 20.6 28.6 23.5 27.8 31.2 29.3 26.5 28.3 24.7 27.5 31.21 27.7 

Ce 60.3 50.7 55.1 55.5 47.5 50.0 53.5 55.5 53.8 51.3 48.4 56.5 

Pr 2.3 4.0 4.7 4.8 4.3 3.8 5.4 5.2 4.6 

Nd 5.9 7.9 13.2 16.7 14.9 14.1 14.0 16.2 13.5 15.0 14.2 15.8 

Sm 0.8 2.5 1.6 1.8 1.5 1.6 0.6 1.5 

Eu 0.1 0.3 

Gd 1.5 0.52 0.2 0.72 0.82 0.4 0.1 

Tb 0.2 0.1 

Dy 2.0 5.4 0.3 0.1 

Ho 0.2 

Er 0.9 1.7 0.2 

Tm 0.1 

Yb 4.7 1.7 

Lu 0.4 

1 OOY I(Y +Ln) (0.9) 1 (0.6) (2.8)3 (0.4) (2.1) (0.3) (0.4) (0.4) 

Method XF XF CH OS XF EP CH OS CH OS 

L=La+Ce+Pr 83.2 83.3 83.3 83.3 83.5 83.6 83.8 83.8 83.9 84.0 84.2 84.2 

La-Nd 89.1 91.2 96.5 100.0 98.4 97.7 97.8 100.0 97.4 99.0 98.4 100.0 

Sm-Ho 4.8 5.4 3.3 1.6 2.3 2.2 2.6 1.0 1.6 

Er-Lu 6.1 3.4 0.2 

RE20 3 60.85 57.45 56.2 59.01 69.36 56.63 

La/Nd 3.49 3.62 1.78 1.66 2.09 2.08 1.89 1.75 1.83 1.83 2.20 1.75 

Th02 4.15 8.4 2.78 8.7 0.17 9.1 

U30s 
26 RARE-EARTH ELEMENTS IN MINERALS OF THE MONAZITE FAMILY 

Table 2. Monazite-(Ce) from igneous and metamorphic rocks-Continued. 

501 502 503 504 505 506 507 508 509 510 511 512 

La 24.1 27.3 26.5 28.2 31.7 33.9 26.6 35.0 32.1 22.9 25.4 31.3 

Ce 55.0 53.2 52.9 56.5 48.9 42.5 54.0 47.3 48.7 50.3 55.2 49.8 

Pr 5.3 3.9 5.1 4.3 8.8 4.8 3.1 4.7 12.6 5.2 4.7 

Nd 13.1 13.5 14.3 15.3 14.4 12.1 10.6 11.6 12.8 7.7 12.6 14.2 

Sm 1.5 1.8 0.7 0.7 1.7 2.6 1.0 0.9 0.9 

Eu 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3 2.2 0.2 

Gd 0.7 0.4 0.8 1.1 0.8 0.4 0.4 

Tb 0.1 0.4 2.3 

Dy 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.3 0.6 0.1 0.1 

Ho 

Er 0.2 

Tm 

Yb 

Lu 

lOOY/(Y +Ln) (2.0) (3.2) (0.5) (3.2) (1.5) (0.3) (0.5) (1.4) 

Method EP OS XF XF CH XF OS XF 

I-=La+Ce+Pr 84.4 84.4 84.5 84.7 84.9 85.2 85.4 85.4 85.5 85.8 85.8 85.8 

La-Nd 97.5 97.9 98.8 100.0 99.3 97.3 96.0 97.0 98.3 93.5 98.4 100.0 

Sm-Ho 2.5 2.1 1.2 0.7 2.7 4.0 2.8 1.7- 4.5 1.6 

Er-Lu 0.2 

REz03 59.01 48.57 70.84 68.6 54.1 70.99 69.66 

La/Nd 1.84 2.02 1.85 1.84 2.20 2.80 2.51 3.02 2.51 2.97 2.02 2.20 

Th02 2.42 12.61 0.23 9.4 0.11 6.25 

U30 

513 514 515 516 517 518 519 520 521 522 523 524 

La 27.3 21.2 31.3 24.5 27.5 28.1 29.5 30.5 30.5 25.7 32.1 25.1 

Ce 53.3 58.4 50.1 55.7 54.4 54.2 53.2 52.1 50.9 56.8 51.2 57.5 

Pr 5.4 6.6 5.0 6.4 4.9 4.5 4.3 4.5 5.8 4.7 4.0 5.1 

Nd 10.1 10.1 13.6 11.2 11.1 12.1 11.9 9.7 10.3 12.0 11.4 11.1 

Sm 1.3 1.5 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.4 1.4 0.5 1.1 0.9 

Eu 0.4 

Gd 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.3 1.2 0.8 0.32 0.2 0.2 

Tb 0.2 

Dy 0.6 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.1 

Ho 

Er 3.7 0.1 0.1 

Tm 

Yb 0.6 0.2 0.1 

Lu 0.2 

100Y/(Y+Ln) (0.15) (0.3) (3.6) (2.7) (0.4)3 

Method XF XF OS OS EP XF CH XF XF 

I.=La+Ce+Pr 86.0 86.2 86.4 86.6 86.8 86.8 87.0 87.1 87.2 87.2 87.3 87.7 

La-Nd 96.1 96.3 100.0 97.8 97.9 98.9 98.9 96.8 97.5 99.2 98.7 98.8 

Sm-Ho 0.2 2.9 2.2 1.8 1.1 1.1 3.0 2.5 0.8 1.3 1.2 

Er-Lu 3.7 0.8 0.3 0.2 

RE20 3 62.6 63.1 

La/Nd 2.70 2.10 2.30 2.19 2.48 2.32 2.48 3.14 2.96 2.14 2.82 2.26 

Th02 0.2 2.8 4.5 

U30& 0.003 
TABLES 27 

Table 2. Monazite-(Ce) from igneous and metamorphic rocks-Continued. 

525 526 527 528 529 530 531 532 533 534 535 536 

La 24.9 27.3 39.3 35.6 40.2 35.2 38.9 40.3 37.0 40.8 36.8 29.1 

Ce 58.5 56.8 45.0 49.4 44.4 50.0 46.1 44.4 48.5 43.9 48.6 56.8 

Pr 4.7 4.1 4.0 3.4 3.9 3.3 3.6 3.9 3.1 4.1 3.5 3.1 

Nd 10.7 10.3 10.7 11.0 9.6 11.1 9.6 9.6 9.9 10.2 10.3 8.2 

Sm 0.8 0.8 1.0 0.6 0.7 0.4 0.5 1.0 1.0 0.6 1.0 

Eu 0.1 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.1 

Gd 0.42 0.3 0.6 1.4 0.6 0.1 0.7 

Tb 3 0.1 0.1 0.1 

Dy 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.5 

Ho 0.1 

Er 0.1 0.1 0.2 

Tm 

Yb 0.1 0.1 0.2 

Lu 

100Y/(Y +Ln) (5.6)3 (0.3) (0.9) (1.1) (0.9) (2.0) (0.1) (4.3) 

Method CH EP EP OS OS XF 

I:=La+Ce+Pr 88.1 88.2 88.3 88.4 88.5 88.5 88.6 88.6 88.6 88.8 88.9 89.0 

La-Nd 98.8 98.5 99.0 99.4 98.1 99.6 98.2 98. 98.5 99.0 99.2 97.2 

Sm-Ho 1.2 1.4 1.0 0.6 1.8 0.4 1.8 1.7 1.5 1.0 0.7 2.4 

Er-Lu 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.4 

RE20 3 62.92 65.20 9.2 59.24 68.1 

La/Nd 2.33 2.65 3.67 3.24 4.19 3.17 4.05 4.2 3.74 4.00 3.57 3.55 

Th02 3.23 1.8 11.6 0.08 

U308 0.4 

537 538 539 540 541 542 543 544 545 546 547 548 

La 34.7 25.8 35.5 37.6 24.3 29.7 39.5 39.4 32.8 35.2 35.3 44.9 

Ce 51.0 61.1 49.4 45.2 59.9 55.0 46.4 46.3 52.6 50.8 50.9 44.9 

Pr 3.3 2.2 4.2 6.3 5.0 4.5 3.4 3.8 4.2 3.7 3.5 

Nd 9.8 9.2 9.6 10.9 8.1 9.8 9.9 8.5 9.5 8.9 9.8 10.2 

Sm 0.9 1.2 1.1 1.1 0.4 0.8 0.4 0.6 0.5 

Eu 0.6 0.3 

Gd 0.3 0.52 0.2 0.6 0.4 1.3 0.4 0.5 

Tb 3 

Dy 0.3 0.2 0.1 

Ho 

Er 0.4 

Tm 

Yb 0.3 0.1 

Lu 

1 OOY /(Y +Ln) (0.8)3 (0.7) (1.6) (0.3) (1.7) (0.2) (0.2) (2.0) 

Method EP CH XF CH XF XF OS 

I:=La+Ce+Pr 89.0 89.1 89.1 89.1 89.2 89.2 89.3 89.5 89.6 89.7 89.7 89.8 

La-Nd 98.8 98.3 98.7 100.0 97.3 99.0 99.2 98.0 99.1 98.6 99.5 100.0 

Sm-Ho 1.2 1.7 1.3 2.0 1.0 0.8 1.9 0.9 1.4 0.5 

Er-Lu 0.7 0.1 

RE20 3 63.9 63.2 69.96 70.36 

La/Nd 3.54 2.80 3.70 3.45 3.00 3.03 3.99 4.64 3.45 3.96 3.60 4.40 

Th02 5.07 3.1 0.29 3.0 

U30s 
28 RARE-EARTH ELEMENTS IN MINERALS OF THE MONAZITE FAMILY 

Table 2. Monazite-(Ce) from igneous and metamorphic rocks-Continued. 

549 550 551 552 553 554 555 556 557 

La 21.9 37.8 36.9 36.8 37.7 39.5 33.2 37.9 38.4 

Ce 65.0 48.7 49.4 49.1 48.9 47.2 53.1 49.5 48.9 

Pr 3.0 3.5 3.7 4.2 3.5 3.5 3.9 3.1 3.6 

Nd 9.0 9.2 9.6 9.4 9.4 8.5 9.1 9.0 8.4 

Sm 0.7 0.8 0.2 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.4 0.5 0.2 

Eu 0.2 

Gd 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.4 

Tb 

Dy 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 

Ho 

Er 

Tm 

Yb 

Lu 

1 OOY /(Y +Ln) (1.3) (0.5) (0.2) 

Method XF EP XF XF XF 

I:=La+Ce+Pr 89.9 90.0 90.0 90.1 90.1 90.2 90.2 90.5 90.9 

La-Nd 98.9 99.2 99.6 99.5 99.5 98.7 99.3 99.5 99.3 

Sm-Ho 1.1 0.8 0.4 0.5 0.5 1.3 0.7 0.5 0.7 

Er-Lu 

RE203 69.95 

La/Nd 2.43 4.11 3.84 3.91 4.01 4.65 3.65 4.21 4.57 

Th02 0.40 

U30 8 

558 559 560 561 562 563 564 565 

La 35.4 33.2 32.4 37.4 30.8 35.6 39.1 40.4 

Ce 52.2 54.4 56.0 50.1 58.2 50.2 50.8 47.0 

Pr 3.4 3.4 2.7 3.8 2.6 5.9 2.0 4.7 

Nd 8.2 8.5 8.5 8.7 8.0 7.3 6.6 6.6 

Sm 0.5 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.7 0.2 

Eu 

Gd 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.5 1.3 

Tb 

Dy 0.3 0.1 0.3 

Ho 

Er 0.3 

Tm 

Yb 0.2 

Lu 

100Y/(Y+Ln) (0.6) (4.1) 

Method EP XF XF XF XF CH XF EP 

I:=La+Ce+Pr 91.0 91.0 91.1 91.3 91.6 91.7 91.9 92.1 

La-Nd 99.2 99.5 99.6 100.0 99.6 99.0 98.5 98.7 

Sm-Ho 0.8 0.5 0.4 0.4 1.0 1.0 1.3 

Er-Lu 0.5 

RE20 3 70.3 35.24 

La/Nd 4.32 3.91 3.81 4.30 3.85 4.88 5.92 6.12 

Th02 0.7 11.34 

U30s 15.64 1

Tb+ Y calculated as Y. 2

Eu+Gd calculated as Gd. 3

Tb+Dy+ Y calculated as Y. 
TABLES 29 

Table 3. Monazite-(Ce) from placers. 

[Atomic percent except RE203, ThOz, and U30R, which are in weight percent] 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 lla lib 

La 12.7 16.4 19.1 19.2 16.6 28.0 20.0 19.5 18.3 17.8 20.4 25.5 

Ce 41.3 41.5 37.1 40.2 40.3 29.3 37.9 41.7 41.1 44.5 42.8 45.7 

Pr 5.1 4.7 7.3 4.9 8.0 7.6 7.4 4.5 8.1 5.7 4.8 4.9 

Nd 32.7 24.8 28.7 14.2 24.0 28.2 24.7 26.1 23.5 17.8 22.2 17.2 

Sm 7.4 7.2 6.9 3.3 4.7 5.7 6.3 3.3 5.8 2.9 

Eu 

Gd 5.4 7.8 3.1 1.9 5.7 4.0 3.8 

Tb 

Dy 0.8 0.9 8.2 2.2 0.4 5.3 

Ho 

Er 5.4 0.8 2.8 

Tm 

Yb 5.5 2.8 

Lu 2.4 3.3 

1 OOY /(Y +Ln) (2.5) (5.4) (6.7) (2.7) 1 (6.8) (11.3) (3.5) (4.9) (3.2) 1 (3.5) (3.5) 

Method EP OS EP CH OS EP XF OS OS CH XF XF 

I:=La+Ce+Pr 59.1 62.6 63.5 64.3 64.9 64.9 65.3 65.7 67.5 68.0 68.0 76.1 

La-Nd 91.8 87.4 92.2 78.5 88.9 93.1 90.0 91.8 91.0 85.8 90.2 93.3 

Sm-Ho 8.2 12.6 7.8 8.2 11.1 6.9 9.2 8.2 9.0 5.3 9.8 6.7 

Er-Lu 13.3 0.8 8.9 

RE203 59.2 54.0 60.6 55.34 

La/Nd 0.39 0.66 0.67 1.35 0.69 0.99 0.81 0.75 0.78 1.00 0.92 1.48 

Th02 6.6 6.49 9.2 1.14 5.9 0.67 6.67 1.01 

U30s 0.50 0.41 0.40 0.41 

llc lld lie llf 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 

La 26.7 27.7 28.3 28.8 17.9 16.2 18.2 16.8 19.0 20.5 17.0 20.3 

Ce 48.5 48.9 49.7 50.3 45.2 44.2 44.6 47.0 45.2 41.1 43.9 43.5 

Pr 4.5 4.8 4.3 4.7 5.1 8.0 5.6 5.0 4.6 7.4 8.3 5.6 

Nd 15.0 13.1 12.7 11.9 25.2 23.2 24.0 24.5 24.9 22.0 22.6 21.6 

Sm 2.0 2.4 1.9 1.5 5.9 2.8 6.4 5.9 5.0 3.3 3.1 5.4 

Eu 

Gd 3.3 3.1 3.1 2.8 5.6 5.7 4.1 2.0 

Tb 

Dy 0.7 1.2 0.8 1.3 1.6 

Ho 

Er 

Tm 

Yb 

Lu 

1 OOY /(Y +Ln) (1.6) ( 1.2) (1.1) (3.6) (4.1) (4.1) (4.8) (8.3) (5.6) (5.4) (5.9) 

Method XF XF XF XF EP OS EP EP EP OS OS OS 

I:=La+Ce+Pr 79.7 81.4 82.3 83.8 68.2 68.4 68.4 68.8 68.8 69.0 69.2 69.4 

La-Nd 94.7 94.5 95.0 95.7 93.4 91.6 92.4 93.3 93.7 91.0 91.8 91.0 

Sm-Ho 5.3 5.5 5.0 4.3 6.6 8.4 7.6 6.7 6.3 9.0 7.2 9.0 

Er-Lu 

RE20 3 50.0 

La/Nd 1.78 2.11 2.23 2.42 0.71 0.70 0.76 0.69 0.76 0.93 0.75 0.94 

Th02 1.01 8.2 7.4 6.4 6.09 

U30s 5.43 
30 RARE-EARTH ELEMENTS IN MINERALS OF THE MONAZITE FAMILY 

Table 3. Monazite-(Ce) from placers-Continued. 

20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 

La 17.3 15.7 15.3 18.5 12.4 19.4 19.0 15.4 16.5 20.0 17.2 19.6 

Ce 46.8 49.3 48.7 45.9 55.2 45.8 43.9 48.9 48.7 43.9 47.0 44.7 

Pr 5.3 4.5 5.5 5.2 2.0 4.5 6.8 5.7 4.8 6.1 5.9 5.8 

Nd 24.6 22.8 23.7 17.9 17.9 24.7 25.7 22.8 24.4 24.6 23.0 25.0 

Sm 4.6 6.6 5.9 4.8 9.6 3.7 4.3 6.0 -4.3 4.0 6.0 3.6 

Eu 0.2 1.0 

Gd 6.2 1.8 

Tb 0.2 

Dy 1.4 1.1 0.9 0.8 0.1 1.9 0.3 1.2 1.3 1.4 0.9 1.3 

Ho 0.1 

Er 

Tm 

Yb 0.2 

Lu 

IOOY /(Y +Ln) (7.0) (1.0) (0.5) (4.6) (1.3) (9.6) (3.3) (2.2) (4.5) (7.6) (5.6) (6.7) 

Method EP EP EP XF EP EP EP EP EP EP EP 

l:=La+Ce+Pr 69.4 69.5 69.5 69.6 69.6 69.7 69.7 70.0 70.0 70.0· 70.1 70.1 

La-Nd 94.0 92.3 93.2 87.5 87.5 94.4 95.4 92.8 94.4 94.6 93.1 95.1 

Sm-Ho 6.0 7.7 6.8 12.3 12.5 5.6 4.6 7.2 5.6 5.4 6.9 4.9 

Er-Lu 0.2 

RE20 3 

La/Nd 0.70 0.69 0.65 1.03 0.69 0.79 0.74 0.68 0.68 0.81 0.75 0.78 

Th02 14.4 5.7 7.3 10.3 5.5 7.8 6.3 13.4 11.0 10.7 

U30s 

32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 

La 17.6 21.3 21.4 21.4 18.1 22.2 17.7 15.4 19.0 17.9 20.3 17.0 

Ce 47.8 43.5 45.1 45.4 48.2 43.2 48.9 48.1 47.9 48.9 45.9 49.5 

Pr 4.9 5.7 4.6 4.5 5.0 5.9 4.9 8.1 4.7 4.8 5.6 5.5 

Nd 24.2 22.9 21.2 21.5 22.5 23.9 22.9 16.6 23.2 23.8 23.2 21.3 

Sm 4.6 5.2 4.6 5.3 4.4 4.1 4.6 8.0 4.1 3.7 4.4 6.0 

Eu 

Gd 3.1 2.0 3.8 

Tb 

Dy 0.9 1.4 1.8 0.7 1.0 1.1 0.9 0.6 0.7 

Ho 

Er 

Tm 

Yb 

Lu 

100Y/(Y +Ln) (4.1) (3.6) (4.6) (3.5) (6.2) (4.2) (4.3) (6.2) (4.7) (3.9) (4.1) (0.9) 

Method EP EP OS OS EP EP EP CH EP EP EP EP 

l:=La+Ce+Pr 70.3 70.5 71.1 71.3 71.3 71.3 71.5 71.6 71.6 71.6 71.8 72.0 

La-Nd 94.5 93.4 92.3 92.8 93.8 95.2 94.4 88.2 94.8 95.4 95.0 93.3 

Sm-Ho 5.5 6.6 7.7 7.2 6.2 4.8 5.6 11.8 5.2 4.6 5.0 6.7 

Er-Lu 

RE20 3 60.5 60.5 63.35 

La/Nd 0.73 0.93 1.01 1.00 0.81 0.93 0.77 0.93 0.82 0.75 0.88 0.80 

Th02 8.8 10.9 6.33 6.09 13.15 11.2 16.39 2.85 11.2 11.2 5.4 12.3 

U30 8 0.41 5.43 
TABLES 31 

Table 3. Monazite-(Ce) from placers-Continued. 

44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 

La 20.3 17.4 19.4 19.3 17.5 19.6 17.6 22.9 18.9 19.9 20.6 21.0 

Ce 45.5 49.8 48.1 48.7 50.2 48.5 50.6 45.4 49.5 46.4 46.3 46.8 

Pr 6.2 4.8 4.6 4.4 4.8 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.5 6.7 6.3 5.5 

Nd 22.1 23.0 23.9 22.9 19.9 23.7 22.4 20.9 23.7 23.2 21.2 18.4 

Sm 5.2 4.2 3.1 3.3 6.2 2.9 4.1 4.2 2.8 3.5 4.9 4.5 

Eu 0.1 

Gd 2.0 1.9 

Tb 0.2 

Dy 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.4 1.4 0.9 0.8 0.6 0.3 0.7 1.0 

Ho 

Er 0.4 

Tm 

Yb 0.2 

Lu 

100Y/(Y+Ln) (3.9) (2.8) (2.1) (8.7) (5.1) (3.6) (3.1) (4.2) (2.6) (1.6) (4.2) (3.1) 

Method EP EP EP EP EP EP EP OS EP EP EP 

L=La+Ce+Pr 72.0 72.0 72.1 72.4 72.5 72.5 72.7 72.9 72.9 73.0 73.2 73.3 

La-Nd 94.1 95.0 96.0 95.3 92.4 96.2 95.1 93.8 96.6 96.2 94.4 91.7 

Sm-Ho 5.9 5.0 4.0 4.7 7.6 3.8 4.9 6.2 3.4 3.8 5.6 7.7 

Er-Lu 0.6 

RE20 3 58.5 

La/Nd 0.92 0.75 0.82 0.84 0.88 0.83 0.79 1.10 0.80 0.86 0.97 1.14 

Th02 4.3 6.8 9.45 9.2 6.4 10.8 8.0 7.0 4.5 5.5 0.55 

U308 0.32 

56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 

La 18.8 19.9 23.4 18.9 20.6 21.6 19.0 17.6 17.3 27.6 20.4 23.9 

Ce 49.4 48.0 45.4 48.6 48.1 47.0 48.7 51.2 51.8 39.9 48.3 45.4 

Pr 5.1 5.4 4.6 5.9 4.9 5.0 5.9 4.8 4.5 6.2 5.0 4.5 

Nd 21.4 22.1 20.4 22.3 20.8 21.9 22.1 22.2 23.0 14.9 23.6 20.4 

Sm 4.6 4.2 4.3 5.1 3.6 3.6 3.4 2.8 4.7 2.2 3.4 

Eu 0.9 

Gd 2.0 3.4 1.5 

Tb 

Dy 0.7 4.6 0.5 0.9 0.7 0.8 0.6 3.3 0.5 

Ho 

Er 

Tm 

Yb 

Lu 

100Y/(Y+Ln) (2.7) (7.6) (4.3) (2.1) (2.77) (3.9) (3.5) (2.9) (13.3) (1.0) (2.5) 

Method EP EP OS XF EP EP EP EP EP OS EP OS 

L=La+Ce+Pr 73.3 73.3 73.4 73.4 73.6 73.6 73.6 73.6 73.6 73.7 73.7 73.8 

La-Nd 94.7 95.4 93.8 95.7 94.4 95.5 95.7 95.8 96.6 88.6 97.3 94.2 

Sm-Ho 5.3 4.6 6.2 4.3 5.6 4.5 4.3 4.2 3.4 11.4 2.7 5.8 

Er-Lu 

RE20 3 59.0 

La/Nd 0.88 0.90 1.15 0.85 0.98 0.99 0.86 0.79 0.75 1.85 0.86 1.17 

Th02 0.95 2.3 7.07 9.2 9.2 7.3 9.7 7.8 13.5 2.00 

U308 0.07 
32 RARE-EARTH ELEMENTS IN MINERALS OF THE MONAZITE FAMILY 

Table 3. Monazite-(Ce) from placers-Continued. 

68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 

La 21.6 18.1 19.7 23.6 23.4 22.9 24.1 20.9 19.5 23.5 18.3 22.8 

Ce 47.6 51.2 49.0 46.3 46.0 46.0 45.4 48.1 50.0 44.2 50.6 45.3 

Pr 4.6 4.5 5.1 4.0 4.6 5.1 4.5 5.0 4.6 6.5 5.3 6.1 

Nd 21.2 21.2 21.9 22.0 20.6 20.8 21.1 22.1 21.6 21.8 22.2 22.5 

Sm 3.4 3.8 3.6 3.2 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.2 2.9 3.6 3.1 3.0 

Eu 0.2 0.2 

Gd 1.6 2.0 1.6 1.5 

Tb 

Dy 1.2 0.7 0.9 0.7 1.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 

Ho 

Er 

Tm 

Yb 

Lu 

IOOY /(Y +Ln) (4.4) (6 . .4) (2.4) (5.6) (4.2) (3.3) (3.0) (3.3) (6.4) (3.0) (1.2) (7.3) 

Method OS EP EP EP OS OS OS EP EP EP EP EP 

L=La+Ce+Pr 73.8 73.8 73.8 73.9 74.0 74.0 74.0 74.0 74.1 74.2 74.2 74.2 

La-Nd 95.0 95.0 95.7 95.9 94.6 94.8 95.1 96.1 95.7 96.0 96.4 96.7 

Sm-Ho 5.0 5.0 4.3 4.1 5.4 5.2 4.9 3.9 4.3 4.0 3.4 3.3 

Er-Lu 

RE203 

La/Nd 1.02 0.85 0.90 1.07 1.14 1.10 1.14 0.95 0.90 1.08 0.82 1.01 

Th02 8.8 7.15 8.4 6.24 4.2 6.9 8.2 8.8 9.1 

U30s 

80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 

La 20.3 23.5 18.9 21.6 18.4 19.9 19.2 20.9 19.3 24.4 19.6 18.9 

Ce 48.7 45.9 50.0 47.5 49.5 51.3 50.8 48.6 50.7 45.8 50.5 51.7 

Pr 5.3 4.9 5.5 5.4 6.6 3.3 4.5 5.1 4.6 4.5 4.6 4.3 

Nd 21.6 21.9 19.6 21.4 21.6 21.9 22.0 21.9 22.1 21.0 21.9 20.9 

Sm 3.2 3.3 4.5 2.2 3.2 2.7 2.6 2.8 2.8 3.4 2.9 3.3 

Eu 0.2 

Gd 0.7 

Tb 

Dy 0.9 0.5 1.5 0.9 0.7 0.9 0.9 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.9 

Ho 

Er 

Tm 

Yb 

Lu 

IOOY /(Y +Ln) (4.5) (1.0) (8.4) (6.0) (5.7) (8.8) (0.9) (3.8) (1.6) (3.3) (3.9) (4.8) 

Method EP EP EP EP EP EP EP EP EP OS EP EP 

L=La+Ce+Pr 74.3 74.3 74.4 74.5 74.5 74.5 74.5 74.6 74.6 74.7 74.7 74.9 

La-Nd 95.9 96.2 94.0 95.9 96.1 96.4 96.5 96.5 96.7 95.7 96.6 95.8 

Sm-Ho 4.1 3.8 6.0 4.1 3.9 3.6 3.5 3.5 3.3 4.3 3.4 4.2 

Er-Lu 

RE20 3 58.3 

La/Nd 0.94 1.07 0.96 1.01 0.85 0.91 0.87 0.95 0.87 1.16 0.89 0.90 

Th02 10.1 7.2 15.6 9.7 5.9 9.7 5.0 7.8 11.5 7.5 8.2 5.4 

U30s 0.3 
TABLES 33 

Table 3. Monazite-(Ce) from placers-Continued. 

92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 

La 23.0 20.4 20.1 21.7 20.5 23.4 21.2 23.6 22.1 23.7 22.8 22.1 

Ce 46.7 49.5 49.7 47.4 49.8 46.3 49.4 47.2 47.8 47.1 46.9 48.7 

Pr 5.3 5.1 5.2 5.9 4.8 5.5 4.6 4.5 5.4 4.6 5.7 4.6 

Nd 18.8 21.5 21.67 21.7 20.5 19.7 21.0 20.6 20.7 19.6 20.6 21.5 

Sm 3.1 2.9 2.7 3.0 3.5 3.8 2.7 3.4 3.2 3.4 3.1 2.6 

Eu 0.1 

Gd 1.8 0.7 1.6 0.9 

Tb 0.2 

Dy 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.3 0.9 1.3 1.1 0.8 0.5 

Ho 0.1 

Er 0.2 

Tm 

Yb 

Lu 

IOOY /(Y +Ln) (3.0) (3.2) (3.7) (3.7) (5.0) (4.0) (3.3) (3.7) (3.1) (0.7) (1.4) 

Method EP EP EP EP EP OS EP OS OS EP 

L=La+Ce+Pr 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.1 75.2 75.2 75.3 75.3 75.4 75.4 75.4 

La-Nd 93.8 96.5 96.6 96.7 95.6 94.9 96.2 95.9 96.0 95.0 96.0 96.9 

Sm-Ho 6.0 3.5 3.4 3.3 4.4 5.1 3.8 4.1 4.0 5.0 4.0 3.1 

Er-Lu 0.2 

RE203 62.6 61.45 

La/Nd 1.22 0.95 0.93 1.00 1.00 1.19 1.01 1.15 1.07 1.21 1.11 1.03 

Th02 7.9 9.3 6.0 9.8 8.2 4.44 8.6 4.91 12.4 11.6 

U30s 0.23 0.26 

104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 

La 26.0 21.6 26.7 20.8 19.7 18.1 22.4 22.1 24.9 24.4 22.7 21.2 

Ce 44.3 48.5 44.5 49.2 50.9 52.7 48.1 49.6 45.9 47.7 49.4 49.9 

Pr 5.2 5.4 4.5 5.8 5.2 5.0 5.4 4.3 5.5 4.3 4.3 5.4 

Nd 19.2 20.9 19.2 19.9 20.5 20.7 20.3 19.0 18.4 16.0 17.9 19.2 

Sm 2.8 3.0 2.9 2.4 2.7 3.0 3.5 3.8 3.7 3.0 2.9 3.3 

Eu 0.2 0.1 0.2 

Gd 1.7 1.5 1.0 1.9 1.7 

Tb 0.1 0.1 0.2 

Dy 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.6 1.0 0.5 0.3 1.2 1.6 0.9 0.6 1.0 

Ho 0.1 

Er 0.1 0.5 0.1 

Tm 0.5 

Yb 0.4 

Lu 0.1 

IOOY /(Y +Ln) (2.4) (2.6) (2.4) (5.0) (1.2) (1.7) (4.5) (4.4) (3.4) (3.2) 

Method CH EP XF EP EP EP EP OS XF EP 

L=La+Ce+Pr 75.5 75.5 75.7 75.8 75.8 75.8 75.9 76.0 76.3 76.4 76.4 76.5 

La-Nd 94.7 96.4 94.9 95.7 96.3 96.5 96.2 95.0 94.7 92.4 94.3 95.7 

Sm-Ho 5.3 3.6 5.1 4.2 3.7 3.5 3.8 5.0 5.3 6.1 5.6 4.3 

Er-Lu 0.1 1.5 0.1 

RE20 3 51.21 60.32 

La/Nd 1.35 1.03 1.39 1.05 0.96 0.87 1.10 1.16 1.35 1.53 1.27 1.10 

Th02 9.7 3.85 11.0 6.8 3.1 10.5 10.3 7.4 4.6 

U30 8 
34 RARE-EARTH ELEMENTS IN MINERALS OF THE MONAZITE FAMILY 

Table 3. Monazite-(Ce) from placers-Continued. 

116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 

La 25.8 23.7 19.8 20.0 25.2 21.5 23.7 21.3 19.6 21.2 23.1 27.1 

Ce 45.1 47.1 52.4 50.7 46.6 49.2 47.7 51.8 52.9 49.7 49.4 45.6 

Pr 5.6 5.2 4.4 6.0 4.9 6.0 5.4 3.7 4.4 6.2 4.8 4.7 

Nd 19.3 19.6 20.5 18.9 19.1 19.3 18.0 19.6 20.2 17.8 18.2 17.8 

Sm 3.5 3.1 2.3 2.4 3.0 3.3 3.5 2.0 2.4 4.0 2.5 3.8 

Eu 0.2 0.1 0.2 

Gd 1.3 1.0 1.2 1.2 1.4 

Tb 0.1 

Dy 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.3 0.5 1.1 0.3 1.0 

Ho 0.7 1.7 

Er 0.2 

Tm 

Yb 

Lu 

1 OOY I(Y +Ln) (2.9) (2.3) (1.6) (3.0) (4.8) (3.8) (12.2) (2.2) (9.8) (2.2) (4.4) 

Method OS OS EP OS EP OS XF EP EP XF OS 

It=La+Ce+Pr 76.5 76.0 76.6 76.7 76.7 76.7 76.8 76.8 76.9 77.1 77.3 77.4 

La-Nd 95.8 95.6 97.1 95.6 95.8 96.0 94.8 96.4 97.1 94.9 95.5 95.2 

Sm-Ho 4.2 4.4 2.9 4.2 4.2 4.0 5.2 3.6 2.9- 5.1 4.5 4.8 

Er-Lu 0.2 

REz03 51.31 62.37 58.8 

La/Nd 1.34 1.21 0.97 1.07 1.32 1.11 1.32 1.09 0.97 1.19 1.27 1.52 

Th02 7.35 11.0 7.5 2.85 7.2 4.2 6.2 6.06 5.6 12.1 6.4 5.20 

U30s 

128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 

La 25.0 20.4 24.4 27.5 24.7 22.7 23.7 26.5 26.9 24.1 19.2 24.7 

Ce 47.9 53.3 49.2 45.9 49.5 52.1 50.6 47.4 49.4 50.6 56.0 50.9 

Pr 5.2 4.4 4.7 5.0 4.3 3.9 4.5 4.9 4.4 4.3 4.3 4.2 

Nd 17.6 18.8 17.3 17.4 19.5 18.1 17.3 18.0 16.6 16.6 18.1 15.9 

Sm 2.5 2.4 2.3 4.2 1.8 2.4 2.3 2.5 2.4 2.5 1.8 2.2 

Eu 0.3 0.3 0.3 

Gd 1.4 1.3 1.1 0.7 0.3 1.1 1.3 

Tb 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 

Dy 0.1 0.7 0.3 0.2 0.8 0.3 0.3 0.6 0.3 

Ho 

Er 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 

Tm 

Yb 0.1 

Lu 

1 OOY /(Y +Ln) (3.5) (3.3) (2.5) (2.1) (3.0) (1.5) (2.6) (2.2) (2.2) (0.7) (2.2) 

Method EP XF OS EP EP XF OS XF XF EP XF 

It=La+Ce+Pr 78.1 78.1 78.3 78.4 78.5 78.7 78.8 78.8 80.7 79.0 79.5 79.8 

La-Nd 95.7 96.9 95.6 95.8 98.0 96.8 96.1 96.8 97.3 95.6 97.6 95.7 

Sm-Ho 4.0 3.1 4.3 4.2 2.0 3.2 3.8 3.2 2.7 4.3 2.4 4.2 

Er-Lu 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 

RE20 3 63.42 58.64 58.77 58.22 

La/Nd 1.42 1.09 1.41 1.58 1.27 1.25 1.37 1.47 1.62 1.45 1.06 1.55 

Th02 6.8 7.0 9.2 4.7 6.5 12.2 6.6 3.6 7.3 

U308 6.1 
TABLES 35 

Table 3. Monazite-(Ce) from placers-Continued. 

140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 

La 22.9 25.6 24.5 18.5 25.9 27.2 20.1 22.2 20.1 26.4 24.4 30.1 

Ce 52.5 50.2 51.1 55.3 50.0 49.7 53.9 51.3 56.9 51.7 56.0 52.4 

Pr 4.5 4.3 4.5 6.5 4.7 3.8 6.8 7.4 4.4 4.2 5.3 3.9 

Nd 16.3 15.6 16.1 15.8 16.7 12.4 12.2 16.0 15.8 14.6 13.7 12.1 

Sm 3.3 2.3 2.1 3.6 1.6 1.2 5.1 2.5 2.5 1.8 0.6 0.9 

Eu 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 

Gd 1.3 0.9 1.0 5.5 0.8 0.3 

Tb 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 

Dy 0.5 0.3 0.5 0.3 0.1 1.9 0.6 0.3 0.3 

Ho 

Er 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 

Tm 

Yb 

Lu 

1 OOY /(Y +Ln) (4.7) (2.5) (1.5) (4.6) (0.9) (0.9) (5.2) (3.2) (0.8) (1.7) (0.5) 

Method EP XF XF EP OS XF EP EP EP XF EP XF 

L=La+Ce+Pr 79.9 80.1 80.1 80.3 80.6 80.7 80.8 80.9 81.4 82.3 85.7 86.4 

La-Nd 96.2 95.7 96.2 96.1 97.3 93.1 93.0 96.9 97.2 96.9 99.4 98.5 

Sm-Ho 3.8 4.2 3.7 3.9 2.6 6.9 7.0 3.1 2.8 3.0 0.6 1.4 

Er-Lu 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 

RE20 3 58.03 58.60 62.51 58.24 68.90 61.86 

La!Nd 1.40 1.64 1.52 1.17 1.55 2.19 1.65 1.39 1.27 1.81 1.78 2.49 

Th02 11.4 7.9 8.4 3.3 8.1 7.5 11.7 6.3 5.75 8.1 1.28 6.6 

U30s 0.3 1

Tb+ Y calculated as Y. 
36 RARE-EARTH ELEMENTS IN MINERALS OF THE MONAZITE FAMILY 

Table 4. Dark monazite-(Ce). 

[Atomic percent except REz03, ThOz, and U30s, which are in weight percent] 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 

La 10.5 11.4 18.5 14.0 15.3 16.4 15.7 19.6 15.8 17.8 18.2 17.9 

Ce 40.2 41.4 33.3 42.9 44.0 43.8 44.4 42.3 44.4 44.2 44.5 44.0 

Pr 6.4 6.8 9.1 6.1 6.1 5.5 6.0 4.2 6.0 5.7 5.2 7.4 

Nd 32 .. 0 28.5 25.5 28.4 25.5 23.6 24.9 25.6 25.1 25.9 25.7 24.5 

Sm 7.6 6.5 5.4 6.0 5.2 5.0 5.3 5.1 5.1 4.5 3.7 3.1 

Eu 0.9 1.2 1.7 0.7 0.9 0.8 0.9 1.0 0.9 0.6 0.6 0.6 

Gd 2.4 3.8 6.1 1.9 3.0 4.9 2.8 1.5 2.7 1.3 2.1 1.9 

Tb 0.2 

Dy 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 

Ho 

Er 0.2 

Tm 0.3 

Yb 

Lu 

1 OOY /(Y +Ln) (1.3) (1.4) (1.3) (2.5) (1.0) (2.5) (0.6) (2.6) (1.2) (1.2) (1.6) 

Method OS XF OS OS XF XF XF XF XF OS OS 

L=La+Ce+Pr 57.1 59.6 60.9 63.0 65.4 65.7 66.1 66.1 66.2 67.7 67.9 69.3 

La-Nd 89.1 88.1 86.4 91.4 90.9 89.3 91.0 91.7 91.3 93.6 93.6 93.8 

Sm-Ho 10.9 11.9 13.6 8.6 9.1 10.7 9.0 8.1 8.7 6.4 6.4 5.9 

Er-Lu 0.2 0.3 

RE20 3 70.70 67.45 55.70 72.72 66.32 67.55 61.4 52.75 

La/Nd 0.33 0.40 0.73 0.49 0.60 0.69 0.63 0.77 0.63 0.69 0.71 0.73 

Th02 0.75 0.32 0.001 0.35 0.54 1.0 0.53 0.66 

U30 8 

13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 

La 19.8 21.3 17.9 20.3 21.2 23.3 19.9 19.5 19.6 20.5 23.0 20.3 

Ce 44.9 44.1 47.9 44.7 44.8 43.0 46.7 46.5 46.6 46.2 43.5 46.2 

Pr 5.7 5.2 5.0 5.9 5.3 5.1 4.8 5.6 5.4 5.0 5.4 5.5 

Nd 24.7 24.3 23.9 23.9 23.2 22.6 22.8 23.5 23.5 23.4 22.2 22.1 

Sm 2.8 3.1 3.1 3.4 3.6 3.4 2.9 3.2 3.1 3.0 3.3 3.4 

Eu 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.6 

Gd 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.3 1.4 2.0 1.5 1.2 1.4 1.5 2.1 1.9 

Tb 

Dy 0.4 

Ho 

Er 

Tm 

Yb 

Lu 

IOOY /(Y +Ln) (1.1) (1.4) (4.6) (1.2) (1.2) (1.5) (1.4) (0.8) (0.8) (1.35) (3.5) (1.4) 

Method OS OS XF OS OS OS OS OS OS OS OS OS 

L=La+Ce+Pr 70.4 70.6 70.8 70.9 71.3 71.4 71.4 71.6 71.6 71.7 71.9 72.0 

La-Nd 95.1 94.9 94.7 94.8 94.5 94.0 94.2 95.1 95.1 95.1 94.1 94.1 

Sm-Ho 4.9 5.1 5.3 5.2 5.5 6.0 4.8 4.9 4.9 4.9 5.9 5.9 

Er-Lu 

RE20 3 71.8 55.08 56.4 69.95 71.96 60.99 55.56 65.02 64.90 54.57 49.8 60.07 

La/Nd 0.80 0.88 0.75 0.85 0.91 1.03 0.87 0.83 0.83 0.88 1.04 0.92 

Th02 0.70 0.59 0.65 0.68 3.2 0.58 0.60 1.02 0.59 0.57 0.5 

U30 8 
TABLES 37 

Table 4. Dark monazite-(Ce)-Continued. 

25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 

La 19.7 19.8 17.6 24.7 22.0 21.4 21.6 22.0 21.7 21.9 17.2 22.0 

Ce 47.1 47.5 48.9 42.4 45.5 46.1 46.4 46.2 46.9 48.8 51.4 47.5 

Pr 5.6 5.5 6.4 5.8 5.5 5.5 5.3 5.2 5.5 3.4 5.7 4.9 

Nd 20.3 21.6 21.1 19.9 22.1 22.5 21.8 21.8 20.5 20.6 18.6 21.3 

Sm 3.5 3.2 2.9 4.7 2.7 2.7 3.2 2.9 3.4 2.7 4.2 2.6 

Eu 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.1 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.3 0.4 

Gd 2.0 1.8 2.2 2.4 1.8 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.1 2.1 1.3 

Tb 0.2 0.2 0.1 

Dy 0.7 0.4 0.3 0.4 

Ho 0.1 

Er 0.2 0.2 

Tm 

Yb 

Lu 

lOOY /(Y +Ln) (1.7) (1.2) (1.4) (5.6) (1.0) (1.3) (1.1) (1.1) (1.2) (0.8) (1.7) (1.3) 

Method OS OS OS OS OS OS OS XF OS 

I:=La+Ce+Pr 72.4 72.8 72.9 72.9 73.0 73.0 73.3 73.4 74.1 74.1 74.3 74.4 

La-Nd 92.7 94.4 94.0 92.8 95.1 95.5 95.1 95.2 94.6 94.7 92.9 95.7 

Sm-Ho 7.1 5.6 6.0 7.2 4.9 4.5 4.9 4.8 5.4 5.1 7.1 4.3 

Er-Lu 0.2 0.2 

RE20 3 61.47 46.36 65.21 70.69 56.85 58.70 63.21 62.26 66.82 50.82 

La/Nd 0.97 0.92 0.83 1.24 1.00 0.95 0.99 1.01 1.06 1.06 0.92 1.03 

Th02 0.5 0.06 9.6 0.70 0.82 0.70 0.83 0.70 0.53 0.58 

U30 8 

37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 

La 17.3 23.6 23.9 21.1 24.3 22.1 25.3 29.1 31.7 26.3 21.3 

Ce 51.6 46.1 47.5 49.2 47.7 52.4 50.2 48.1 48.3 57.9 63.5 

Pr 5.7 5.4 4.9 6.3 5.0 4.1 4.5 4.8 2.9 2.6 7.0 

Nd 18.8 19.3 19.9 18.6 20.1 17.7 16.3 17.0 13.8 2.8 

Sm 4.2 3.1 2.2 2.0 2.3 1.4 2.2 0.8 1.6 3.8 5.2 

Eu 0.3 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4 

Gd 2.1 1.5 1.2 2.0 1.3 1.1 0.9 4.6 2.6 

Tb 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 

Dy 0.3 0.2 0.3 1.5 

Ho 

Er 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 

Tm 

Yb 

Lu 

lOOY/(Y +Ln) (1.6) (1.7) (1.2) (0.5) (1.3) (0.7) (0.8) (1.9) (1.7) (2.0) 

Method OS CH XF OS XF OS XF 

I:=La+Ce+Pr 74.6 75.1 76.3 76.6 77.0 78.6 80.0 82.0 82.9 86.8 91.8 

La-Nd 93.4 94.4 96.2 95.2 97.1 96.3 96.3 99.0 96.7 89.6 91.8 

Sm-Ho 6.6 5.6 3.8 4.7 2.9 3.5 3.7 1.0 3.2 10.3 8.2 

Er-Lu 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 

RE203 44.74 56.85 68.45 59.32 62.46 60.04 69.88 66.09 

La/Nd 0.92 1.22 1.20 1.13 1.21 1.25 1.55 1.71 2.30 9.39 

Th02 1.3 0.78 0.66 0.78 1.40 0.36 0.06 1.3 

U30 8 
38 RARE-EARTH ELEMENTS IN MINERALS OF THE MONAZITE FAMILY 

Table 5. Monazite-(La), monazite-(Nd), and gasparite-(Ce). 

[Atomic percent except RE203, Th02, and U30s, which are in weight percent. Entries 1-3 are monazite-(La), entries 

4-8 are monazite-(Nd), and entry 9 is gasparite-(Ce)] 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 

La 35.1 44.5 41.7 5.7 8.2 3.6 12.8 24.4 22.1 

Ce 12.8 33.4 37.9 29.9 15.2 28.9 30.3 27.0 51.4 

Pr 8.9 3.3 11.3 4.6 17.1 9.4 8.8 7.0 

Nd 30.0 18.5 9.1 39.0 54.6 43.0 34.3 30.9 19.5 

Sm 5.2 0.3 12.4 2.9 12.1 13.8 5.0 

Eu 1.8 2.1 0.3 0.8 

Gd 3.8 4.9 1.7 3.0 5.7 2.9 

Tb 0.3 0.4 0.7 

Dy 1.6 0.7 1.5 1.0 

Ho 

Er 0.5 0.3 

Tm 

Yb 0.1 

Lu 

100Y/(Y+Ln) (2.7) (1.7) (2.7) 

Method EP CH XF XF EP OS EP 

L=La+Ce+Pr 56.8 81.2 90.9 40.2 40.5 41.9 43.1 60.2 80.5 

La-Nd 86.8 99.7 100.0 79.2 95.1 84.9 77.4 91.1 100.0 

Sm-Ho 12.7 0.3 20.5 4.9 15.1 22.5 8.9 

Er-Lu 0.5 0.3 0.1 

RE20 3 67.34 68.03 70.19 69.6 55.31 

La/Nd 1.17 2.41 4.58 0.15 0.15 0.08 0.37 0.79 1.13 

Th02 0.12 1.95 

U30R 

Table 6. Cheralite. 

[Atomic percent except RE203, Th02 , and U30 8, which are in weight 

percent] 

1 2 3 4 

La 19.5 18.3 20.3 20.7 

Ce 45.1 48.1 48.2 50.7 

Pr 4.4 5.9 5.9 5.6 

Nd 21.5 22.9 19.9 17.7 

Sm 6.3 4.8 4.1 3.8 

Eu 0.9 

Gd 1.5 1.3 1.2 

Tb 0.2 0.1 0.1 

Dy 0.2 0.2 0.2 

Ho 

Er 

Tm 0.4 

Yb 

Lu 

lOOY/(Y+Ln) (0.4) (0.6) (0.7) 

Method EP XF ICP ICP 

L=La+Ce+Pr 69.0 72.3 74.4 77.0 

La-Nd 90.5 95.2 94.3 94.7 

Sm-Ho 9.1 4.8 5.7 5.3 

Er-Lu 0.4 

RE203 27.25 38.2 31.9 

La/Nd 0.91 0.80 1.02 1.17 

Th02 31.64 27.5 25.7 

U30s 4.33 2.05 6.24 
TABLES 39 

Table 7. Huttonite. 

[Atomic percent except REz03, ThOz , and U30s, SiOz, and PzOs, which are in weight percent] 

2 3 4 5 6 7 

La 17.9 14.9 18.6 16.4 20.2 19.7 

Ce 52.4 56.2 48.4 58.9 60.2 71.3 

Pr 5.9 4.2 

Nd 29.7 28.9 22.5 20.5 19.6 9.0 

Sm 4.6 

Eu 

Gd 11.0 

Tb 5.2 

Dy 25.3 

Ho 5.0 

Er 24.7 

Tm 2.4 

Yb 24.0 

1 OOY /(Y +Ln) (40.2) 

Method OS EP EP XF EP EP EP 

L=La+Ce+Pr 0 70.3 71.1 72.9 79.5 80.4 91.0 

La-Nd 0 100.0 100.0 95.4 100.0 100.0 100.0 

Sm-Ho 46.5 4.6 

Er-Lu 53.5 

RE203 5.5 11.7 13.6 24.61 16.7 4.5 20.5 

La/Nd 0.60 0.52 0.83 0.80 1.03 2.18 

Th02 43.2 64.0 63.6 40.56 58.3 69.9 56.4 

U30s 2.44 0.83 <0.47 1.63 <0.47 1.04 <0.47 

Si02 17.2 13.5 10.4 10.05 11.1 12.8 8.1 

P20s 0.7 7.1 8.9 10.00 10.5 7.4 11.2 
40 RARE-EARTH ELEMENTS IN MINERALS OF THE MONAZITE FAMILY 

Table 8. Average compositions of monazite-(Ce). 

[Atomic percent except RE203, Th02, and U30 8, which are in weight percent. Entries A-E are from table 2: A, average of 

117 analyses for granitic pegmatite; B, average of 187 analyses for granite, granodiorite, and quartz monzonite; C, average 

of 44 analyses for gneiss; D, average of 13 analyses for alkalic rocks and alkalic pegmatite; E, average of 25 analyses for 

carbonatite. Entry F is average of 47 analyses for dark monazites (table 5). Entry G is average of 151 analyses for placers 

(table 4). Note : The averages for rare-earth element compositions do not include data from analyses in which La, Ce, Pr, or 

Nd was not determined; however, determinations of lOOY/(Y +Ln) and for Th02 or U30 8 from such analyses were used in 

calculating the averages above. The averages for U30s are considered to be uncertain. For example, for entry A, the average 

of 1.18 percent becomes 0.40 percent if the highest determination (15.64 percent) is omitted; the average for entry G of 1.16 

percent becomes 0.33 percent if the two highest determinations (5.43, 6.1 percent) are omitted] 

A B c D E F G 

La 21.2 24.2 25.2 29.7 28.3 20.5 21.5 

Ce 45.4 48.1 43.5 51.8 49.3 46.0 48.2 

Pr 5.8 5.3 8.5 4.3 4.8 5.4 5.3 

Nd 19.3 17.5 20.2 12.5 15.2 22.0 21.0 

Sm 5.1 2.7 2.1 1.3 1.7 3.5 2.0 

Eu 0.1 0.6 

Gd 2.5 1.4 0.2 0.1 0.4 1.9 0.8 

Tb 0.1 0.1 0.1 

Dy 0.4 0.5 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3 

Ho 0.1 

Er 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.1 

Tm 

Yb 0.1 0.1 

Lu 

1 OOY /(Y +Ln) (3.8) (3.3) (2.6) (4.4) (0.8) (1.55) (4.0) 

Number of determinations 138 120 24 6 6 44 145 

L=La+Ce+Pr 72.4 77.6 77.2 85.8 82.4 71.9 75.0 

La-Nd 91.7 95.1 97.4 98.3 97.6 93.9 96.0 

Sm-Ho 8.1 4.7 2.6 1.4 2.3 6.1 4.0 

Er-Lu 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.1 

RE20 3 58.9 56.5 55.3 61.6 

Number of determinations 17 79 20 38 

Th02 9.0 6.3 6.0 2.1 0.9 7.9 

Number of determinations 80 71 3 8 37 130 

U30 8 1.18 0.62 1.16 

Number of determinations 20 18 13 
TABLES 41 

Table 9. Previously published average compositions of monazite. 

[Atomic percent. Entry 1 (Fleischer and Altschuler, 1969), 104 granitic pegmatites. Entries 2-5 (Lyakhovich and 

Balanova, 1971): entry 2, 5 granitic pegmatites; entry 3, 19 granites of palingenic intrusions; entry 4, 14 

metasomatic granites; entry 5, 22 gneisses and migmatites. Entries 6-7 (Fleischer and Altschuler, 1969): entry 6, 

123 granites, granodiorites, and quartz monzonites; entry 7, 23 alkalic rocks and carbonatites. Entry 8 (Mineev, 

1963), average for all monazites] 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 

La 20.6 18.0 21.3 21.7 24.2 24.0 31.3 23.9 

Ce 44.2 45.7 48.8 49.4 42.4 46.6 51.2 46.0 

Pr 5.7 7.1 5.6 5.7 8.3 5.4 4.3 5.5 

Nd 20.0 16.8 18.5 18.6 20.8 18.2 11.2 18.8 

Sm 5.1 3.7 2.3 2.3 2.0 3.1 0.7 3.7 

Eu 0.1 0.2 0.1 

Gd 3.8 2.8 1.3 1.7 2.1 1.9 0.3 1.7 

Tb 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.1 

Dy 0.2 3.3 1.2 0.3 0.7 0.4 0.2 

Ho 0.3 0.2 0.1 

Er 0.1 1.0 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.40 0.1 

Tm 0.3 

Yb 0.1 0.8 0.2 0.1 

Lu 

1 OOY I(Y +Ln) (4.9) (3.6) (0.7) 

L=La+Ce+Pr 70.5 70.8 75.7 76.8 74.9 76.0 86.8 75.4 

La-Nd 90.5 87.6 94.2 95.4 95.7 94.2 98.0 94.2 

Sm-Ho 9.3 10.6 5.3 4.5 4.1 5.7 1.4 5.6 

Er-Lu 0.2 1.8 0.5 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.6 0.2 

La/Nd 1.03 1.07 1.15 1.17 1.16 1.31 2.79 1.27 

Table 10. Sources of data for monazites given in tables 2-7. 

Sample no. Reference (author and date) Locality Source 

TABLE2 

1 Shukolyukov and others 1979 Alakurtti, northern Karelia, U.S.S.R. 

2 Shukolyukov and others 1979 Northern Karelia, U.S.S.R. 

3 Shukolyukov and others 1979 Chkalov, northern Karelia, U.S.S.R. 

4 Zhirov and others 1961 Alakurtti, northern Karelia, U.S.S.R. Granite pegmatite. 

5 Shukolyukov and others 1979 Chkalov, northern Karelia, U.S.S.R. 

6 Heinrich and others 1960 Brown Derby mine, Gunnison County, Colorado Granite pegmatite. 

7 Mittelfehldt and Miller 1983 Sweetwater pluton, California Pegmatite. 

8 Andersen 1986 Fen district, Norway Carbonatite. 

9 Kalita 1961 Kapraovo, Karelia, U.S.S.R. Granite pegmatite. 

10 Heinrich and others 1960 Brown Derby mine, Gunnison County, Colorado Granite pegmatite 

11 Rapp and Watson 1986 Raade, Norway Pegmatite. 

12 Heinrich and others 1960 Brown Derby mine, Gunnison County, Colorado Pegmatite. 

13 Shukolyukov and others 1979 Chernaya Salma, Karelia, U.S.S.R. 

14 Murata and others 1957 Jamestown, Colorado Aplite-pegmatite zone. 

15 Zhang and Tao 1986 Bayan Obo, China Aegirine-type ore. 

16 I vantishin and others 1964 Ukrainian shield Granite. 

17 McCarty 1935 New Mexico. 

18 Kalita 1961 Kaita, Karelia, U.S.S.R. Granite pegmatite. 

19 Vainshtein and others 1956b Karelia, U.S.S.R. Granite pegmatite. 

20 Kornetova and Kazakova 1982 Siberia, U.S.S.R. Pegmatite. 

21 Kalita 1961 Alakurtti, Karelia, U.S.S.R. Granite pegmatite. 

22 Kalita 1969 Northwestern Karelia, U.S.S.R. Granite pegmatite. 

23 Ivantishin and others 1964 Ukrainian shield Granite gneiss. 

24 Semenov and Khomyakov 1981 Northern Karelia, U.S.S.R. 

25 Kalita 1969 Eastern Baltic shield Granite pegmatite. 

26 Quoted by Vlasov 1964 Chernaya Salma, Karelia, U.S.S.R. Granite pegmatite. 

27 Sahama and Vahatalo 1941 Luikohlahti, Karelia, U.S.S.R. Granite pegmatite. 
42 RARE-EARTH ELEMENTS IN MINERALS OF THE MONAZITE FAMILY 

Table 10. Sources of data for monazites given in tables 2-7-Continued. 

Sam12le no. Reference (author and date) Localit~ Source 

TABLE 2-Continued 

28 Kornetova and Osolodkina 1966 Siberia, U.S.S.R. Granite pegmatite. 

29 Leonova and Nikitin 1962 Karelia, U.S.S.R. Granite pegmatite. 

30 Vainshtein and others 1956b Chernaya Salma, Karelia, U.S.S.R. Pegmatite. 

31 Hugo 1970 Styr Kraal, South Africa. Granite pegmatite. 

32 Shukolyukov and others 1979 Temryuk, Karelia, U.S.S.R. 

33 Kalita 1961 Neblogera, Karelia, U.S.S.R. Granite pegmatite. 

34 Zhirov and others 1961 Northern Karelia, U.S.S.R. Granite pegmatite. 

35 Zayats and Kuts 1964 Dniepr region, Ukraine Biotite gneiss. 

36 Murata and others 1957 Grans, Sao Paulo, Brazil Granite pegmatite; inner part of 

crystal37. 

37 Murata and others 1957 Grans, Sao Paulo, Brazil Granite pegmatite; outer part of 

crystal36. 

38 I vantishin and others 1964 Ukraine Granite pegmatite. 

39 Kalita 1961 Nuoleinnieme, Karelia, U.S.S.R. Granite pegmatite. 

40 Sahama and Vahatalo 1939 Impilahti, Karelia, U.S.S.R. 

41 Shukolyukov and others 1979 Given, Karelia, U.S.S.R. 

42 V ainshtein and others 1955 Karelia, U.S.S.R. Pegmatite. 

43 Murata and others 1953 Crabtree Creek, North Carolina. Pegmatite. 

44 Lee and Bastron 1967 Mt. Wheeler area, Nevada Granodiorite-quartz monzonite. 

45 Vainshtein and others 1956b Mozambique Pegmatite. 

46 Ivantishin and others 1964 Ukrainian shield Granite pegmatite. 

47 Ivantishin and others 1964 Kirovgrad-Zhitomir Granite. 

48 Zayats and Kuts 1964 Gnilopyat River basin, Ukraine Archean garnet-biotite gneiss. 

49 Semenov 1963 Southern Asia Spodumene pegmatite. 

50 Khomyakov 1964 Western Tannu-Ola, U.S.S.R. Calcite vein. 

51 McCarty 1935 Not known. 

52 McCarty 1935 Cleveland County, North Carolina. 

53 Shukolyukov and others 1979 Glukhovets, U.S.S.R. 

54 Hugo 1970 Debares, South Africa. Granite pegmatite. 

55 Lee and Bastron 1967 Mt. Wheeler area, Nevada Granodiorite-quartz monzonite. 

56 Lee and Bastron 1967 Mt. Wheeler area, Nevada Granodiorite-quartz monzonite. 

57 Orsa and others 1967 Ukraine Garnet-muscovite pegmatite. 

58 Heinrich and others 1960 Petaca, New Mexico Granite pegmatite. 

59 Zayats and Kuts 1964 Ukraine Archean biotite gneiss. 

60 McCarty 1935 McDowell County, North Carolina. 

61 V ainshtein and others 1955 Brazil. 

62 Lee and Bastron 1967 Mt. Wheeler area, Nevada Granodiorite-quartz monzonite. 

63 lvantishin and others 1964 Ukraine Pegmatitic granite. 

64 Ivantishin and others 1964 Ukraine Gneiss. 

65 Shukolyukov and others 1979 Not known. 

66 Quoted by Vlasov 1964 Mongolia Alkali hydrothermalite 

67 Mannucci and others 1986 Val Vigazzo, Italy Pegmatite 

68 Mohr 1984 North Carolina Core of zoned porphyroblast 

69 Mohr 1984 North Carolina Rim of zoned porphyroblast 

70 Vainshtein and others 1956b Hittero, Norway. 

71 Zhirov and others 1961 Impilahti, Karelia, U.S.S.R. Granite pegmatite. 

72 Zhang and Tao 1986 Bayan Obo, China Main ore. 

73 Zayats and Kuts 1964 Gnilopat River basin, Ukraine Archean biotite gneiss. 

74 Fujii 1961 Fukushima Prefecture, Japan. 

75 Zhirov and others 1961 Kupchinit, Karelia Granite pegmatite. 

76 Zhirov and others 1961 Popernaloke, Karelia Granite pegmatite. 

77 Zhang and Tao 1986 Bayan Obo, China East ore, dolomite. 

78 Zhirov and others 1961 Tedino, Karelia, U.S.S.R. Granite pegmatite. 

79 Murata and others 1953 Petaca, New Mexico Granite pegmatite. 

80 Shmakin and Shiryayeva 1970 Gutero, Biryasin area, Siberia, U.S.S.R. Pegmatite. 

81 Vainshtein and others 1956b Kurumkan, eastern Siberia, U.S.S.R. Cordierite gneiss. 

82 lvantishin and others 1964 Ukraine Gneiss. 

83 Vainshtein and others 1956b Pysstinoc, Siberia, U.S.S.R. Quartzite. 
TABLES 43 

Table 10. Sources of data for monazites given in tables 2-7-Continued. 

SamEle no. Reference (author and date) Localit~ Source 

TABLE 2-Continued 

84 Heinrich and others 1960 Chaffee County, Colorado Granite pegmatite. 

85 Murata and others 1958 Gramma, Sao Paulo, Brazil Granite pegmatite. 

86 Sahama and Vahatalo 1941 Turku, Finland Granite 

87 Lee and Bastron 1967 Mt. Wheeler area, Nevada Granodiorite-quartz monzonite. 

88 Heinrich and others 1960 Petaca, New Mexico Granite pegmatite. 

89 Pluhar 1979 Takua Pa, southern Thailand Granite pegmatite. 

90 Lee and Bastron I967 Mt. Wheeler area, Nevada Granodiorite-quartz monzonite. 

9I Vainshtein and others I956b Zhezholev, Ukraine. 

92 McCarty I935 Arendel, Norway. 

93 Shukolyukov and others 1979 Eki Varaki, northern Karelia, U.S.S.R. 

94 I vantishin and others 1964 Chudnov-Berdichevskii, Ukraine Granite. 

95 Murata and others I958 Pemba, Minas Gerais, Brazil Granite pegmatite. 

96 Lee and Bastron 1967 Mt. Wheeler area, Nevada Granodiorite-quartz monzonite. 

97 Konetova 1963 Siberia, U.S.S.R. Granite pegmatite. 

98 Ivantishin and others 1964 Ukraine Gneiss. 

99 Amli 1975 Troland, Norway Granite pegmatite. 

100 Vainshtein and others 1956b Arendal, Norway Pegmatite. 

101 Murata and others 1953 Amelia, Virginia Granite pegmatite. 

102 Heinrich and others 1960 Pecos, New Mexico Granite pegmatite. 

103 Zayats and Kuts 1964 Gnilopyat River basin, Ukraine Garnet-biotite gneiss. 

I04 Murata and others 1958 Ferros, Minas Gerais, Brazil Granite pegmatite. 

105 Ivantishin and others 1964 Kirovgrad-Zhitomir, Ukraine Granite. 

106 Shukolyukov and others 1979 Nova Pavlova, Karelia, U.S.S.R. 

107 V ainshtein and others 1956b Gnilopyat River, Ukraine Pegmatite. 

108 Lyakhovich 1962 Eastern Sayan Granite. 

109 Leonova and Nikitin I962 Chkalov, Karelia Granite pegmatite. 

110 V ainshtein and others I956b Zhalzhosk, Ukraine Gneissic granite. 

1 I 1 Heinrich and others 1960 Chaffee County, Colorado Granite pegmatite. 

112 Bernstein 1982 North Carolina Quartz vein in slate. 

I13 Quoted by Vlasov 1964 European S.S.R. Alkali granite. 

114 I vantishin and others 1964 Kirovgrad-Zhitomir, Ukraine Granite. 

115 Murata and others 1958 Minas Gerais, Brazil Granite pegmatite. 

116 Leonova and Nikitin 1962 Chkalov, Karelia, U.S.S.R Granite pegmatite. 

I I 7 Shmakin and Shiryayeva 1970 Morna, Siberia, U.S.S.R. Pegmatite 

118 Kalita 1969 Eastern Baltic shield, U.S.S.R. Granite pegmatite. 

119 Heinrich and others 1960 Petaca, New Mexico Granite pegmatite. 

120 Kostin and Volzhenkova I965 Not stated Quartz-oligoclase vein in 

gabbro. 

I21 Murata and others 1953 Portland, Connecticut Granite pegmatite. 

I22 Zhirov and others I961 Tedina, Karelia, U.S.S.R. Granite pegmatite. 

123 Heinrich and others 1960 Park County, Colorado Granite pegmatite. 

124 Marchenko 1967 Southeast Ukraine Biotite gneiss. 

125 Heinrich and others 1960 Park County, Colorado Granite pegmatite. 

126 Wylie I950 Normanville district, Australia Pegmatite. 

127 Lyakhovich 1962 Talitsk massif, Gornyi Altai Biotite granite. 

128 Vainshtein and others 1956b Arendal, Norway. 

129 Lyakhovich and Barinskii 196I Kurokhol massif, western Tuva Granite. 

130 Fishman and others 1968 Sol'ner massif, Polar Urals Granite. 

131 Lee and Bastron 1967 Mt. Wheeler area, Nevada Granodiorite-quartz monzonite. 

132 Heinrich and others 1960 Petaca, New Mexico Granite pegmatite. 

133 Heinrich and others 1960 Petaca, New Mexico Granite pegmatite. 

134 Zhang and Tao I986 East ore, Bayan Obo, China. 

135 Vainshtein and others 1956b Tedino, Karelia, U.S.S.R. 

136 Pav lenko and others 1959 Uzuntaig massif, eastern Tuva Granos yeni te. 

137 Fishman and others I968 Source of the Bolshaya Pobk River, U.S.S.R. 

138 Hugo 1970 Kroma Puts, South Africa Pegmatitic granodiorite. 

139 Kucha 1980 Bogatyne area, Lower Silesia, Poland. 

140 Murata and others I958 Sao Bento, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil Granite pegmatite. 
44 RARE-EARTH ELEMENTS IN MINERALS OF THE MONAZITE FAMILY 

Table 10. Sources of data for monazites given in tables 2-7-Continued. 

SamEle no. Reference (author and date) Localit~ Source 

TABLE 2-Continued 

141 Lee and Bastron 1967 Mt. Wheeler area, Nevada Granodiorite-quartz monzonite. 

142 Komov and others 1974 Polar Urals Hydrothermal quartz vein. 

143 Murata and others 1953 Hollis, North Carolina Quartz monzonite pegmatite. 

144 Komov and others 1974 Pamirs, Siberia, U.S.S.R. Albitized quartzite. 

145 Vainshtein and others 1956b Kiev district, Ukraine Kaolinized granite. 

146 Bukanov and Shvetsova 1966 Near-Polar Urals Quartz vein. 

147 Vainshtein and others 1956a Borshchevoch Ridge, Transbaikal (average of 1 0). 

148 Zayats and Kuts 1964 Pobozhe, Ukraine Garnet-biotite gneiss. 

149 Zhang and Tao 1986 Bayan Obo, China Riebeckite-type ore. 

150 Zayats and Kuts 1964 Azov region, U.S.S.R. Biotite gneiss. 

151 Bel'kov 1979 Kola Peninsula, U.S.S.R. Metasomatic granite. 

152 Marchenko 1967 Southeast Ukraine Biotite-garnet gneiss. 

153 Shukolyukov and others 1979 Not given. 

154 Komov and others 1974 Polar Urals Quartz vein (same as 146?). 

155 Graeser and Schwander 1987 Italy Pegmatite vein in gneiss. 

156 Povilaitis and Varshal 1969 Kuu massif, Kazakstan Metasomatic feldspar rock. 

157 lvantishin and others 1964 Ukraine Gneiss. 

158 Haapala and others 1969 Puumala, Finland Biotite vein in Precambrian 

granite. 

159 Zhirov and others 1961 Chkalov, Karelia, U.S.S.R. Granite pegmatite. 

160 Bukanov and Shvetsova 1966 Near-Polar Urals Quartz vein. 

161 Choong 1971 Malaysia (average of 5). 

162 I vantishin and others 1964 Ukraine Kirovgrad-Zhitomir granite. 

163 Ivantishin and others 1964 Ukraine Gneiss. 

164 Pavlenko and others 1959 Ilektag massif, eastern Tuva Biotite granite. 

165 Shmakin and Shiryayeva 1970 Gutaro-Biryagin area, Siberia, U.S.S.R. Pegmatite. 

166 Znamenskii and others 1967 Myakulski River, eastern Sayan Two-mica granite. 

167 Lee and Bastron 1967 Mt. Wheeler area, Nevada Granodiorite-quartz monzonite. 

168 Mineev 1963 Tarbagatay, Kazakhstan Exocontact metasomatite. 

169 Mineev 1963 Tarbagatay, Kazakhstan Exocontact metasomatite. 

170 Murata and others 1958 Uba, Minas Gerais, Brazil Granite pegmatite. 

171 Bearth 1934 Perdatech, Switzerland Alpine cleft. 

172 Bel'kov 1979 Kola Peninsula, U.S.S.R. Leucocratic granite. 

173 Lee and Bastron 1967 Mt. Wheeler area, Nevada Granodiorite-quartz monzonite. 

174 Lee and Bastron 1967 Mt. Wheeler area, Nevada Granodiorite-quartz monzonite. 

175 Vainshtein and others 1956b Azov region, U.S.S.R. Pegmatite. 

176 I vantishin and others 1964 Chudnov-Berdichevskii, Ukraine Granite. 

177 Lyakhovich 1962 Kuu massif, Kazakhstan Granite. 

178 L'vov 1965 Borisovskii massif, Kochkar, Urals Pegmatite. 

179 Trace 1960 Hicks Dome, Illinois Cherty residuum overlying 

limestone. 

180 Lee and Bastron 1967 Mt. Wheeler area, Nevada Granodiorite-quartz-monzonite. 

181 Kovalenko and others 1971 Buge-Gaziyan, Mongolia Microclinite. 

182 V ainshtein and others 1956b Temryuk, Azov region, U.S.S.R. 

183 Mannucci and others 1986 Val Vigezzo, Italy Pegmatite. 

184 Leonova and Nikitin 1962 Perti Vokera, Karelia, U.S.S.R. Granite pegmatite. 

185 Kapustin 1986 Novopoltov massif, U.S.S.R. Carbonatite. 

186 Zayats and Kuts 1964 Gnilopyat River basin, Ukraine Biotite gneiss. 

187 Zayats and Kuts 1964 Gnilopyat River basin, Ukraine Garnet-biotite gneiss. 

188 Lee and Bastron 1967 Mt. Wheeler area, Nevada Granodiorite-quartz monzonite. 

189 Povilaitis and Varsha1 1959 Kuu massif, Kazakhstan Metasomatic feldspar rock. 

190 Semenov and Khomyakov 1981 India Strongly magnetic. 

191 Lee and Bastron 1967 Mt. Wheeler area, Nevada Granodiorite-quartz monzonite. 

192 Kirillov and Ryzhova 1968 Karelia, U.S.S.R. Sulfatian carbonatite. 

193 Murata and others 1958 Nazarene, Minas Gerais, Brazil Granite pegmatite. 

194 L'vov and Zhangurov 1968 Borisovskii massif, Urals Pegmatite. 

195 Vainshtein and others 1956b Hittero, Norway Pegmatite. 

196 Znamenskii and others 1967 Tickhaya River, eastern Sayan Biotite granite. 
TABLES 45 

Table 10. Sources of data for monazites given in tables 2-7-Continued. 

Samele no. Reference (author and date) Locali~ Source 

TABLE 2-Continued 

197 Ivantishin and others 1964 Ukraine Gneiss. 

198 Kuts 1966 Azov region, U.S.S.R. Xenolith in granite. 

199 Marchenko 1967 Southeast Ukraine Garnet-biotite pegmatite. 

200 Vainshtein and others 1956b Yuzhakova, Ukraine Granite. 

201 V ainshtein and others 1956b Torgevitsy, Ukraine Granite 

202 Lyakhovich 1962 East Sayan Granite 

203 Pav lenko and others 1959 Milzei massif, eastern Tuva Alaskite. 

204 Kuts 1966 Belmichaya, Azov region, U.S.S.R. 

205 White and Nelen 1987 Foote mine, North Carolina Pegmatite. 

206 Mittelfehldt and Miller 1983 Sweetwater Washington pluton, California Granite. 

207a Murata and others 1958 Juiz de Fera, Minas Gerais, Brazil Granite pegmatite, outer part of 

crystal. 

207b Murata and others 1958 Juiz de Fera, Minas Gerais, Brazil Inner part of crystal. 

208 Bel'kov 1979 Kola Peninsula, U.S.S.R. Metasomatic granite. 

209 Znamenskii and others 1967 Eastern Sayan Biotite granite. 

210 Znamenskii and others 1967 Eastern Sayan Biotite granite. 

211 Vainshtein and others 1956b Kalchik River, Ukraine Pegmatite. 

212 Murata and others 1958 Juiz de Fera, Minas Gerais, Brazil Granite pegmatite. 

213 Vainshtein and others 1956b Temryuk, Azov region, U.S.S.R. Pegmatite. 

214 Zayats and Kuts 1964 Pobozhe, Ukraine Archean biotite gneiss. 

215 V ainshtein and others 1955 Torgevitsy, Ukraine Granite. 

216a,b Murata and others 1957 Shelby district, North Carolina Quartz monzonite (same species 

collected separately). 

217 Mannucci and others 1986 Alps, Italy Pegmatite. 

218 Ivantishin and others 1964 Ukraine Proterozoic gneiss 

219 V ainshtein and others 1955 Zhelzhoskii, Ukraine Gneissic granite (same as 215?). 

220 Znamenskii and others 1967 Tiskhaya River, eastern Sayan Biotite granite. 

221 Kuts 1966 Berda River, Azov region, U.S.S.R. Aplitic granite. 

222 Zayats and Kuts 1964 Sluch River basin, Azov region Proterozoic biotite gneiss. 

223 Fujii 1961 Ishikawa-Cho, Fukushima Prefecture, Japan 

224 L'vov 1965 Borisovskii massif, Urals Kyanite schist. 

225 Leonova and Nikitin 1962 Lake Laakensko, Karelia, U.S.S.R. Granite pegmatite. 

226 Lyakhovich 1962 Eastern Sayan Biotite granite. 

227 Yalovenko and Yur'yeva 1967 Lazovatka, Ukraine Granite. 

228 V ainshtein and others 1955 Brazil Granite. 

229 Lyakhovich 1962 Eldzhurtin massif, Caucasus Biotite granite. 

230 Kuts 1966 Torgevitsy, Ukraine Pegmatite. 

231 Anderson 1986 Fen district, Norway Carbonatite 

232 Semenov 1963 Ras-Iz, Polar Urals Plagiogranite pegmatite. 

233 Zayats and Kuts 1964 Sluch River basin, Ukraine Garnet-biotite gneiss 

234 Murata and others 1957 Yucca Valley, California Granite pegmatite. 

235 V ainshtein and others 1955 Torgevitsy, Ukraine Pegmatite. 

236 Lyakhovich 1962 Korovischin massif, Gornyi Altai Granite. 

237 L'vov 1965 Varlamoff massif, Urals Granite. 

238 Lyakovich 1968 Urals Quartz vein 

239 Jefferies 1985 Carnmenellis pluton, Cornwall, England Biotite granite 

240 Wylie 1950 Cooglegong, W. Australia Pegmatite. 

241 Vainshtein and others 1956b Temryuk, Azov region, U.S.S.R. 

242 V ainshtein and others 1956b Blyunov mine, Urals Pegmatite. 

243 Zhang and Tao 1986 Bayan Obo, China Main magnetic ore. 

244 V ainshtein and others 1956b Kiev district, U.S.S.R. Granite. 

245 Bel'kov 1979 Kola Peninsula, U.S.S.R. Metasomatic granite. 

246 Yurk and others; quoted by 1980 Ukraine Aplitic granite. 

Lazarenko and others 

247 Lyakhovich 1962 Ukraine Biotite granite. 

248 Yalovenko nd Yur'yeva 1967 Rovno, Ukraine Pegmatite granite. 

249 Shmakin and Shiryayeva 1970 Gutero-Biryasin area, Siberia, U.S.S.R. 

250 I vantishin and others 1964 Ukraine Gneiss. 
46 RARE-EARTH ELEMENTS IN MINERALS OF THE MONAZITE FAMILY 

Table 10. Sources of data for monazites given in tables 2-7-Continued. 

Sample no. Reference (author and date) Locality Source 

TABLE 2-Continued 

251 Lyakhovich 1962 Talitsk massif, Gornyi Altai Biotite granite. 

252 Vainshtein and others 1956b Fukushima, Japan. 

253 Kuts 1966 Temryuk, Azov region, U.S.S.R. Pegmatite. 

254 Andersen 1986 Fen district, Norway Carbonatite 

255 Murata and others 1958 Juiz de Fera, Minas Gerais, Brazil Granite pegmatite. 

256 Charoy 1986 Cornwall, England Granite. 

257 Povilaitis and V arshal 1969 Kuu massif, Kazakhstan Quartz-scheelite vein in 

serpentinite. 

258 Pluhar 1979 Phukat, southern Thailand Granite pegmatite. 

259 Mannucci and others 1986 Alps, Italy Pegmatite. 

260 Vainshtein and others 1956b Temryuk, Azov region, U.S.S.R. 

261 Vainshtein and others 1955 Ostropol, Ukraine Granite. 

262 Vainshtein and others 1956b Urals Granite. 

263 Marchenko 1967 Southeast Ukraine Aplitic biotite granite. 

264 Lyakhovich 1968 Kazakhstan Biotite granite. 

265 V ainshtein and others 1955 Urals Two-mica granite. 

266 Vainshtein and others 1955 Krivoi Rog, Ukraine. 

267 Vainshtein and others 1956b Krutocheg, Urals Granite. 

268 Murata and others 1958 Juiz de Fera, Minas Gerais, Brazil Granite pegmatite. 

269 Kornetova 1963 Siberia, U.S.S.R. Granite pegmatite. 

270 Vainshtein and others 1956b Buzivka, Ukraine Kaolinized granite. 

271 Lyakhovich 1962 Talitsk massif, Gornyi Altai Biotite granite. 

272 Jefferies 1985 Carnmenellis pluton, Cornwall, England Biotite granite. 

273 Kapustin 1966 Vuorijarvi, Karelia, U.S.S.R. Carbonatite. 

274 Lyakhovich 1962 Kochkar massif, Urals Granite. 

275 Kuts, quoted by Lazarenko 1980 Berda, Ukraine Aplitic granite. 

and others 

276 Murata and others 1957 Shelby district, North Carolina Sillimanite schist. 

277 Ivantishin and others 1964 Ukraine Gneiss. 

278 Lyakhovich 1962 Eastern Sayan Granite. 

279 Povilaitis and Varshal 1969 Kuu massif, Kazakhstan Quartz-wolframite vein in 

greisen. 

280 Murata and others 1958 Juiz de Fera, Minas Gerais, Brazil Granite pegmatite. 

281 Komov and others 1974 Polar Urals Quartz vein. 

282 Aleksiev and Tsvetkova 1962 Rila Mountains, Bulgaria Granite. 

283 Jefferies 1985 Carnmenellis pluton, Cornwall, England Biotite granite. 

284 Bel'kov 1979 Kola Peninsula, U.S.S.R. Granodiorite-tonalite. 

285 Vainshtein and others 1956b Kirovgrad, Ukraine Granite. 

286 Khamrabaev and Azimov 1964 Aktau massif, western Uzbekistan Granite pegmatite. 

287 Zhirov and others 1961 Kheto-Lambina, Karelia, U.S.S.R. Granite pegmatite. 

288 Lyakhovich 1962 Ekaterinov massif, Ukraine Biotite granite. 

289 Kuts 1966 Anatolskii, Azov region, U.S.S.R. Granite. 

290 Zayats and Kuts 1964 Gnilopyat River basin, Ukraine Archean biotite granite. 

291 Lyakhovich 1968 Eastern Sayan Biotite granite. 

292 L'vov and Zhangurov 1968 Dzebyk region, eastern Urals 

293 Vainshtein and others 1956a Borshchevoch Ridge, Transbaikal Gneissic granite (average of 6). 

294 Murata and others 1958 Ferros, Minas Gerais, Brazil Granite pegmatite. 

295 Lyakhovich 1962 Kochkar massif, Urals Pegmatite. 

296 Vainshtein and others 1955 Badeiba, Transvaal Pegmatite. 

297 V ainshtein and others 1956b Temryak, Azov region, U.S.S.R. Pegmatite. 

298 Lyakhovich and Kasaeva 1968 Kabaridi-Balkarsk, U.S.S.R. Precambrian granite. 

299 Vainshtein and others 1955 Korea Pegmatite. 

300 Murata and others 1953 Shelby district, North Carolina Quartz monzonite pegmatite. 

301 Pavlenko and others 1966 Milzei massif, eastern Tuva Biotite granite. 

302 Lyakhovich and Barinskii 1961 Edygai massif, western Tuva Quartz vein. 

303 Vainshtein and others 1956b Temryuk, Azov region, U.S.S.R. Pegmatite. 

304 Mannucci and others 1986 Alps, Italy Fissure. 

305 Mannucci and others 1986 Alps, Italy Pegmatite. 
TABLES 47 

Table 10. Sources of data for monazites given in tables 2-7-Continued. 

Samele no. Reference (author and date) Localit~ Source 

TABLE 2-Continued 

306 Gavrilova and Turanskaya 1958 Kirovgrad, Ukraine Granite. 

307 Orsa and others 1967 Middle Dniepr region, Ukraine Pegmatitic granite. 

308 Lazarenko and others 1980 Ukraine. 

309a, b,c Ploshko and Knyazeva 1965 Urushten complex, Caucasus Three analyses of one sample. 

310 L'vov 1965 Demerinskii massif, Urals Granite gneiss. 

311 Murata and others 1957 Chesterfield, Virginia Granite. 

312, 313 Vainshtein and others 1956b Gorevka, Ukraine. 

314 Aleksiev and Tsvetkova 1962 Rila Mountains, Bulgaria Granite. 

315 Zayats and Kuts 1964 Gnilopyat River basin, Ukraine Archean biotite gneiss. 

316 Nedashovskii and others 1969 Far Eastern U.S.S.R. Alkali granite. 

317,318 Vainshtein and others 1956b Gorovka, Ukraine Granite. 

319 Lyakhovich 1962 Murzinsk massif, Urals Granite. 

320 Vainshtein and others 1955 Ostrope, Austria Pegmatite. 

321 Wylie 1950 Olary, South Australia Gold mine. 

322 I vantishin and others 1964 Chudnov-Berdesinskii, Ukraine Granite. 

323 Aleksiev and Tsvetkova 1962 Rila Mountains, Bulgaria Biotite granite. 

324 Vainshtein and others 1956b Suberov, Ukraine. 

325 Kuts 1966 Anatolisk, Azov region, U.S.S.R. Granite. 

326 Vainshtein and others 1956b Kurumkan, eastern Siberia, U.S.S.R. 

327 Zhang and Tao 1986 Bayan Obo, China. East ore 

328 Aleksiev and Tsvetkova 1962 Rila Mountains, Bulgaria Biotite granite. 

329 Semenov 1963 Trans baikal Granite. 

330. Povilaitis and Varshal 1969 Kuu massif, Kazakhstan Quartz vein. 

331 Mannucci and others 1986 Alps, Italy Pegmatite. 

332 Aleksiev and Tsvetkova 1962 Rila Mountains, Bulgaria Biotite granite. 

333 Aleksiev and Tsvetkova 1962 Rila Mountains, Bulgaria Biotite granite. 

334 Bel'kov 1979 Kola Peninsula, U.S.S.R. Alkali granite. 

335 Vainshtein and others 1956b Zasentriskoi, eastern Siberia, U.S.S.R. 

336 Belolipetskii and Elina 1967 Not given Alkali granite. 

337 Pinkney and Wood, quoted 1963 Van Reinsdorf, South Africa Hydrothermal granite. 

by Semenov 

338 Bermanec and others 1988 Yugoslavia Hydrothermal vein in syenite. 

339 Murata and others 1957 Shelby district, North Carolina Biotite schist. 

340 L' vov 1965 Samarskii massif, Urals Granite. 

341 Batieva 1976 Kola Peninsula, U.S.S.R. Alkali granite. 

342 Vainshtein and others 1956b Pastinnec, eastern Siberia, U.S.S.R. 

343 Khomyakov 1964 Tannu-Ola Quartz syenite. 

344 Murata and others 1958 San Rafael, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil Granite. 

345 Aleksiev and Tsvetkova 1962 Rila Mountains, Bulgaria Biotite granite. 

346 Bel'kov 1979 Polar Urals Alkali granite. 

347 Kapustin 1966 Nama Vara, Karelia, U.S.S.R. 

348 Komov and others 1974 Polar Urals Quartz vein. 

349 Aleksiev and Tsvetkova 1962 Rila Mountains, Bulgaria Biotite granite. 

350 Bel'kov 1979 Polar Urals Alkali granite. 

351 Lyakhovich 1962 Trans baikal Biotite granite. 

352 Zayats and Kuts 1964 Basin of Sluch River, Ukraine Proterozoic garnet-biotite 

gneiss. 

353 Komov and others 1974 Polar Urals Quartz vein. 

354 Lyakhovich 1968 Gornyi Altai Pegmatite. 

355 Aleksiev and Tsvetkova 1962 Rila Mountains, Bulgaria Biotite granite. 

356 Bel'kov 1979 Kola Peninsula Alkali granite. 

357 V ainshtein and others 1956b Temryuk, Azov region, U.S.S.R. Pegmatite. 

358 Zayats and Kuts 1964 Sluch River basin, Ukraine Biotite gneiss. 

359 I vantishin and others 1964 Ukraine Lower Proterozoic gneiss (same 

as 358?). 

360 Vainshtein and others 1956a Borshchevoch ridge, Transbaikal Granite. 

361 Aleksiev and Tsvetkova 1962 Rila Mountains, Bulgaria Biotite granite. 

362 Bel'kov 1979 Kola Peninsula, U.S.S.R. Metasomatic granite. 
48 RARE-EARTH ELEMENTS IN MINERALS OF THE MONAZITE FAMILY 

Table 10. Sources of data for monazites given in tables 2-7-Continued. 

Sample no. Reference (author and date) Locality Source 

TABLE 2-Continued 

363 Ivantishin and others 1964 Ukraine Gneiss. 

364 Borovskii and Gerasimovskii 1945 Urusika River, Siberia, U.S.S.R. Granite pegmatite. 

365 Bel'kov 1979 Kola Peninsula, U.S.S.R. Alkali granite. 

366 Orsa and others 1967 Middle Dniepr region, Ukraine Pegmatitic granite. 

367 Murata and others 1958 Mar de Espinha, Minas Gerais, Brazil Granite pegmatite. 

368 Aleksiev and Tsvetkova 1962 Rila Mountains, Bulgaria Biotite granite. 

369,370 Jefferies 1985 Cornwall, England Biotite granite. 

371,372 L'vov 1965 Samarskii massif, Urals Granite. 

373 L'vov and Zhangurov 1968 Dzhabyk region, eastern Urals Granite. 

374 Aleksiev and Tsvetkova 1962 Rila Mountains, Bulgaria Biotite granite. 

375 Vainshtein and others 1956b Zasentiske, eastern Siberia, U.S.S.R. 

376 Van Wambeke 1977 Karonge deposit, Burundi Republic. 

377 Murata and others 1958 Mar de Espinha, Minas Gerais, Brazil Granite pegmatite. 

378,379 Aleksiev and Tsvetkova 1962 Rila Mountains, Bulgaria Biotite granite. 

380 Bel'kov 1979 Kola Peninsula, U.S.S.R. Metasomatic granite. 

381 Aleksiev and Tsvetkova 1962 Rila Mountains, Bulgaria Biotite granite. 

382 L'vov 1965 Varlamoffski massif, Urals Granite. 

383 Aleksiev and Tsvetkova 1962 Rila Mountains, Bulgaria Biotite granite. 

384 Lyakhovich 1962 Ukraine Biotite granite. 

385 Povilaitis and Varshal 1969 Kuu massif, Kazakhstan Metasomatic albite-quartz 

replacement of granite. 

386 Mannucci and others 1986 Rauris, Italy Fissure. 

387,388 Aleksiev and Tsvetkova 1962 Rila Mountains, Bulgaria Biotite granite. 

389 Zhirov and others 1961 Eki Varaka, northern Karelia, U.S.S.R. Granite pegmatite. 

390 Kupriyanova and others 1964 European S.S.R. Quartz-fluorite-molybdenite 

vein. 

391,392 Aleksiev and Tsvetkova 1962 Rila Mountains, Bulgaria Biotite granite. 

393 Orsa and others 1967 Zaporozh'ye, Ukraine Plagiomigmatite 

394-396 Aleksiev and Tsvetkova 1962 Rila Mountains, Bulgaria Biotite granite. 

397 Shiryayeva 1971 Mamsk region, Siberia, U.S.S.R. Muscovite pegmatite. 

398 Kuts 1966 Ingulets region, Ukraine Gneiss. 

399 Murata and others 1958 Consicao de Meto, Ventre, Minas Gerais, Brazil Granite pegmatite. 

400 McKie 1962 Kangankunde, Malawi Carbonatite. 

401 Aleksiev and Tsvetkova 1962 Rila Mountains, Bulgaria Biotite granite. 

402 Lyakovich 1968 Kazakhstan Biotite granite. 

403 Jefferies 1985 Cornwall, England Biotite granite. 

404,405 Aleksiev and Tsvetkova 1962 Rila Mountains, Bulgaria Biotite granite. 

406 Ivantishin and others 1964 Ukraine Gneiss. 

407 Jefferies 1985 Cornwall, England Biotite granite. 

408 Murata and others 1958 Mar de Espinha, Minas Gerais, Brazil Granite pegmatite. 

409 Pluhar 1979 Takua Pa, southern Thailand Granite pegmatite. 

410-412 Jefferies 1985 Cornwall, England Biotite granite. 

413 Semenov and Barinskii 1958 Tennet, Y akutia Alkaline pegmatite. 

414 Murata and others 1958 Mar de Espinha, Minas Gerais, Brazil Granite pegmatite. 

415 Vainshtein and others 1955 Aldan Pegmatite. 

416 Murata and others 1958 Juiz de Fera, Minas Gerais, Brazil Schist wallrock of pegmatite. 

417 L'vov 1965 Varlamoff massif, Urals Granite. 

418 L'vov and Zhangurov 1968 Dzhabyk region, eastern Urals Granite. 

419 Bel'kov 1979 Kola Peninsula Metasomatic granite. 

420 Jefferies 1985 Cornwall, England Biotite granite. 

421 Orsa and others 1967 Middle Dniepr region, Ukraine Granite. 

422 Jefferies 1985 Cornwall, England Biotite granite. 

423 Kukharenko and others 1961, Namo Vara, Karelia Carbonatite 

424 Povilaitis and Varshal 1969 Kuu massif, Kazakhstan. 

425 Ivantishin and others 1964 Ukraine Gneiss. 

426 Aleksiev and Tsvetkova 1962 Rila Mountains, Bulgaria Biotite granite. 

427-428 Jefferies 1985 Cornwall, England Biotite granite. 

429 Vainshtein and others 1956b Il'men Mountains, Urals Pegmatite. 
TABLES 49 

Table 10. Sources of data for monazites given in tables 2-7-Continued. 

SamEle no. Reference (author and date) Localit~ Source 

TABLE 2-Continued 

430 Shlyukova 1986 Khibina massif, Kola Peninsula, U.S.S.R. Pegmatite. 

431 Murata and others 1958 Mar de Espinha, Minas Gerais, Brazil Granite pegmatite. 

432 Lyakhovich 1968 Kazakhstan Granite. 

433 Vainshtein and others 1956a Borshchevoch ridge, Transbaikal Granite (average of 8). 

434 Vainshtein and others 1956b Il'men Mountains, Urals Pegmatite. 

435 Andersen 1986 Fen district, Norway Carbonatite. 

436 Proshchenko 1967 Eastern Siberia, U.S.S.R. Albitite. 

437 Murata and others 1958 Mar de Espinha, Minas Gerais, Brazil Granite pegmatite. 

438 Borovskii and Gerasimovskii 1945 Elizavetinsk, Urals Granite pegmatite. 

439 Kovalenko and others 1971 Ink-Khairken, Mongolia Microclinite. 

440 Aleksiev and Tsvetkova 1962 Rila Mountains, Bulgaria Biotite granite. 

441 Semenov and Khomyakov 1981 India Weakly magnetic concentrate. 

442-444 Shlyukova 1986 Khibina massif, Kola Peninsula, U.S.S.R. 

445 Murata and others 1958 Mar de Espinha, Minas Gerais, Brazil Schist wallrock of granite 

pegmatite. 

446 Komov and others 1974 Pamirs, Siberia, U.S.S.R. Quartz-carbonate vein. 

447 Jefferies 1985 Cornwall, England Biotite granite. 

448 Papunen and Lindsjo 1972 Korsnas, Finland Skarn, lead deposit. 

449 Murata and others 1957 Hollis, North Carolina Quartz monzonite dike. 

450 Jefferies 1985 Cornwall, England Biotite granite. 

451 Andersen 1986 Fen district, Norway Carbonatite. 

452 Murata and others 1958 Mar de Espinha, Minas Gerais, Brazil Granite pegmatite. 

453 L'vov and Zhangurov 1968 Dzhabyk region, eastern Urals Granite 

454 Murata and others 1958 Mar de Espinha, Minas Gerais, Brazil Carbonatite. 

455 Povilaitis and Varshal 1959 Kuu massif, Kazakhstan Granite. 

456 Ploshko 1961 Malaya Laba River, Caucasus, U.S.S.R. Talc-actinolite rock. 

457 Yalovenko and Yur'eva 1967 Roches, Ukraine Granite. 

458 Zhang and Tao 1986 Bayan Obo, China Main ore. 

459 Murata and others 1958 Juiz de Feros, Minas Gerais, Brazil Granite pegmatite. 

460 Murata and others 1958 Mar de Espinha, Minas Gerais, Brazil Granite pegmatite. 

461 Zayats and Kuts 1964 Ukraine Archean biotite gneiss. 

462 lvantishin and others 1964 Ukraine Gneiss (same as 461 ?). 

463 L'vov and Zhangurov 1968 Dzhabyk region, eastern Urals Granite. 

464 Jefferies 1985 Cornwall, England Biotite granite. 

465 Orsa and others 1967 Zaporzhge, Ukraine Plagiogranite. 

466 L'vov 1965 Demarinskii massif, Urals Granite. 

467 Leonova and Nikitin 1962 Karelia, U.S.S.R. Granite pegmatite. 

468 Povilaitis and Varshal 1959 Kuu massif, Kazakhstan Metasomatic feldspar rock. 

469 Semenov 1963 Magadcherea, U.S.S.R. Pegmatite. 

470 Komov and others 1974 Polar Urals Quartz vein. 

471 Komov and others 1974 Pamirs, Siberia, U.S.S.R. Dolomitized quartzite. 

472,473 Jefferies 1985 Cornwall, England Biotite granite. 

474 Vladykin and others 1982 Mongolia Arfvedsonite granite. 

475 Lyakhovich 1967 Azov region, U.S.S.R. 

476 Jefferies 1985 Cornwall, England Biotite granite. 

477 Kretser and Zamoryanskaya 1986 Not given. 

478 Zhang and Tao 1986 Bayan Obo, China Main ore. 

479 Meliksetyan 1963 Megri pluton, Armyan S.S.R. Syenite. 

480 L'vov and Zhangurov 1968 Sucundu region, eastern Urals Granite. 

481 Jefferies 1985 Cornwall, England Biotite granite. 

482 V ainshtein and others 1955 Central Asia Quartz vein. 

483 Zayats and Kuts 1964 Pobuzhe, Ukraine Garnet-biotite gneiss. 

484 V ainshtein and others 1956b Pyat Palsen, Aldan Graphite granite. 

485 Murata and others 1958 Shelby district, North Carolina Biotite gneiss. 

486 Borovskii and Gerasimovskii 1945 Andermanskii, Uriskiken River, Siberia, U.S.S.R. Granite. 

487 Orsa and others 1967 Middle Dniepr region, Ukraine Plagiomigmatite. 

488 Povilaitis and Varshal 1959 Kuu massif, Kazakhstan Vein granite. 
50 RARE-EARTH ELEMENTS IN MINERALS OF THE MONAZITE FAMILY 

Table 10. Sources of data for monazites given in tables 2-7-Continued. 

Samele no. Reference (author and date) Localit~ Source 

TABLE 2-Continued 

489 Mineev and others 1962 Vishnevye Mountains, Urals Alteration product of chevkinite, 

fenite. 

490 Es'kova and Ganzeev 1964 Urals Fenitized granite pegmatite. 

491 Povilaitis and Varshal 1959 Kuu massif, Kazakhstan Quartz-wolframite vein in 

gneiss. 

492 Murata and others 1958 San Rafael, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil Pegmatite. 

493 V ainshtein and others 1961 Eastern Sayan Carbonatite. 

494 Murata and others 1957 Mt. Pass, California Carbonatite. 

495 Povilaitis and Varshal 1959 Kuu massif, Kazakhstan Vein granite. 

496 Murata and others 1958 Sabinopolis, Brazil Granite pegmatite. 

497 Vinogradov and Elina 1968 Northwestern Kola Peninsula, U.S.S.R. Granite. 

498 Zhang and Tao 1986 East ore, Bayan Obo, China Aegirine-rich ore. 

499 Kuznetsova and others 1980 Northern Siberia, U.S.S.R. Dolomite-ankerite carbonatite. 

500 Murata and others 1958 Sabinopolis, Brazil Granite pegmatite. 

501 Dubrovskii 1968 Yuroeisk complex, Kola Peninsula Granite. 

502 Jefferies 1985 Cornwall, England Biotite granite. 

503 Zhang and Tao 1986 East ore zone, Bayan Obo, China Late-stage vein. 

504 Murata and others 1958 Sabinopolis, Brazil Granite pegmatite. 

505 V ainshtein and others 1955 Urals Pegmatite. 

506 Serdyuchenko and others 1967 Byelorussia Precambrian biotite gneiss. 

507 Chistyakova and Kazakova 1968 Kazakhstan Granite pegmatite. 

508 L'vov and Zhangurov 1968 Chelyabin district, eastern Urals Granite. 

509 Zhang and Tao 1986 Bayan Obo, China. 

510 Ivantishin and others 1964 Ukraine Gneiss. 

511 Zhang and Tao 1986 Bayan Obo, China. 

512 V ainshtein and others 1961 Eastern Sayan Carbonatite. 

513 Kalenor and others 1963 Far Eastern U.S.S.R. Pseudomorph after loparite in 

hydrothermally altered syenite. 

514 Zhang and Tao 1986 Bayan Obo, China Late-stage vein. 

515 Kapustin 1966 Eastern Sayan Carbonatite. 

516 Mineev 1968 Northwestern Tarbagatau, Kazakhstan Pegmatite. 

517 Mineev 1968 Northwestern Tarbagatau, Kazakhstan Biotite apogranite. 

518 Chistov 1965 Eastern Siberia, U.S.S.R. Carbonatite. 

519 Murata and others 1953 Mt. Pass, California Carbonatite. 

520 V etoshkina and others 1980 Ploska Mountain, Kola Peninsula, U.S.S.R. Amazonite pegmatite. 

521 Semenov and others 1967 Tarbagatau, Kazakhstan Quartz-fluorite pegmatite. 

522 Povilaitis and Varshal 1959 Kuu massif, Kazakhstan Granite. 

523 Zuev and Kosterin 1961 Central Asia Hydrothermal (average of 4). 

524 Lyakhovich 1968 Kazakhstan Biotite granite. 

525 Povilaitis and Varshal 1959 Kuu massif, Kazakhstan Granite. 

526 Mineev 1968 Northwestern Tarbagatau, Kazakhstan Biotite apogranite. 

527 Quoted by Vlasov 1964 Mongolia Alkali hydrothermalite. 

528 Michael 1988 Bishop Tuff, California Inclusion in pyroxene. 

529 Zhang and Tao 1986 Bayan Obo, China Aegirine-rich ore. 

530 Semenov and others 1978 Tamil Nadu, India Carbonatite. 

531 Komov and others 1974 Pamirs Quartzite. 

532 Zhang and Tao 1986 Bayan Obo, China Aegirine-rich ore (same as 529?). 

533 Jobbins and others 1977 Sri Lanka Gem. 

534 Murata and others 1957 Magnet Cove, Arkansas Aplite-pyrite dike in carbonatite. 

535 Bloomfield and Garson 1965 Kangankunde Hill, Malawi Carbonatite. 

536 Semenov 1963 Kazakhstan Greisen. 

537 Plaksenko and others 1982 Shiryaeva, pluton, U.S.S.R. Gabbro-dolerite. 

538 Povilaitis and Varshal 1969 Kuu massif, Kazakhstan Granite. 

539 Kuznetsova and others 1980 Northern Siberia, U.S.S.R. Dolomite-ankerite carbonatite. 

540 Borovskii and Gerasimovskii I 945 Kounrad deposit, Balkhesh, U.S.S.R. Granite. 

541 Marchenko 1967 Southeastern Ukraine Hydrothermal gneissic xenolith in 

syenite. 

542 Zhang and Tao 1986 Bayan Obo, China Late-stage vein. 
TABLES 51 

Table 10. Sources of data for monazites given in tables 2-7-Continued. 

SamEleno. Reference (author and date) Localit_y Source 

TABLE 2-Continued 

543 Pavlenko and others 1959 Dugdin massif, eastern Tuva Pegmatite schlieren in 

granosyenite. 

544 Komov and others 1974 Polar Urals Quartz vein. 

545 Zhang and Tao 1986 East ore, Bayan Obo, China Banded layer. 

546 Zhang and Tao 1986 Bayan Obo, China. 

547 Vainshtein and others 1955 Kazakhstan Hydrothermally altered pegmatite. 

548 Rose and others 1958 Magnet Cove, Arkansas Carbonatite. 

549 Lyakhovich 1962 Eldzhurtin massif, northern Caucasus. 

550 Quoted by Vlasov 1964 Kounrad, Kazakhstan. 

551 Pluhar 1979 Phuket, southern Thailand Granite pegmatite. 

552 Vainshtein and others 1955 Vishnevye Mountains, Urals Carbonate vein. 

553 V ainshtein and others 1955 Central Kazakstan. Quartz vein. 

554 Zhang and Tao 1986 Bayan Obo, China 

555 Es 'kova and Ganzeev 1964 Vishnevye Mountains, Urals Dolomite vein in ultramafic rock. 

556 Vainshtein and others 1955 Kazakhstan Hydrothermally altered pegmatite. 

557 Zhang and Tao 1986 Bayan Obo, China Dolomite type, main ore. 

558 Pluhar 1979 Phuket, southern Thailand Granite pegmatite. 

559 Es'kova and Ganzeev 1964 Vishnevye Mountains, Urals Alkalic muscovite-corundum 

pegmatite. 

560 Es'kova and Ganzeev 1964 Vishnevye Mountains, Urals Albitite in miaskite. 

561 Heinrich and Levinson 1961 Ravalli County, Montana Carbonatite. 

562 Zhabin and Svyazhin 1962 Vishnevye Mountains, Urals Albitite. 

563 Somina and Bulakh 1966 Eastern Sayan Carbonatite. 

564 Es 'kova and Ganzeev 1964 Vishnevye Mountains, Urals Alkali pegmatite. 

565 Gramaccioli and Segelstad 1978 Piani, Ital~ Pegmatite. 

TABLE3 

1 Pluhar 1979 Ranang Province, southern Thailand. 

2 Flinter and others 1963 Johore State, Malaysia Alluvial. 

3 Pluhar 1979 Phang Nge Province, southern Thailand. 

4 Nekrasov 1972 Kular region, Far Eastern U.S.S.R. Si02 12.04 percent; P20 5 24.08 

percent. 

5 McCarty 1935 China 

6 Pluhar 1979 Phuket Province, southern Thailand. 

7 Li and Grebennikova 1962 Siberia, U.S.S.R. 

8 Flinter and others 1963 Parak, Malaysia Alluvial. 

9 McCarty 1935 India. 

10 Nekrasov 1972 Kular region, Far Eastern U.S.S.R. Si02 12.04 percent; P20 5 24.08 

percent. 

11a-f Richartz 1961 Brazil Black sand (separated into 

magnetic fractions; listed in 

order of increasing magnetism. 

12 Pluhar 1979 Ranang Province, southern Thailand. 

13 McCarty 1935 India. 

14-16 Pluhar 1979 Ranang Province, southern Thailand. 

17 McCarty 1935 Idaho. 

18 McCarty 1935 Florida. 

19 Flinter and others 1963 Kadah State, Malaysia Alluvial. 

20-22 P1uhar 1979 Ranang Province, southern Thailand. 

23 Hedrick 1988 Florida. 

24 Zemel 1936 Aldan, U.S.S.R. Gold placer. 

25 Pluhar 1979 Ranang Province. southern Thailand. 

26 Pluhar 1979 Phang Nge Province, southern Thailand. 

27,28 Pluhar 1979 Ranang Province, southern Thailand. 

29 Pluhar 1979 Phang Nge Province, southern Thailand. 

30-33 Pluhar 1979 Ranang Province, southern Thailand. 

34 Flinter and others 1963 Silian, Malaysia Alluvial. 

35 Flinter and others 1963 Trong Parak, Malaysia Alluvial. 

36-38 Pluhar 1979 Ranang Province, southern Thailand. 
52 RARE-EARTH ELEMENTS IN MINERALS OF THE MONAZITE FAMILY 

Table 10. Sources of data for monazites given in tables 2-7-Continued. 

Sample no. Reference (author and date) Locality Source 

TABLE 3-Continued 

39 Lozinski 1969 Baltic Sea coast Black sand. 

40-43 Pluhar 1979 Ranang Province, southern Thailand. 

44 Pluhar 1979 Phang Nge Province. 

45-50 Pluhar 1979 Ranang Province, southern Thailand. 

51 Flinter and others 1963 Kanper Perak, Malaysia Alluvial. 

52 Pluhar 1979 Ranang Province, southern Thailand. 

53,54 Pluhar 1979 Phang Nge Province, southern Thailand. 

55 Hedrick 1988 Eastern Australia. 

56,57 Pluhar 1979 Ranang Province, southern Thailand. 

58 Flinter and others 1963 Serenban, Malaysia. Alluvial. 

59 Kosterin and others 1962 Maritime Province, Far Eastern, U.S.S.R. 

60 Pluhar 1979 Phuket Province, southern Thailand. 

61-64 Pluhar 1979 Ranang Province, southern Thailand. 

65 Trace 1960 Hardin County, Illinois Cherty residuum overlying 

limestone. 

66 Pluhar 1979 Ranang Province, southern Thailand. 

67 Flinter and others 1963 Semeling, Kedah State, Malaysia Alluvial. 

68 Flinter and others 1963 Batu Gugel, Perak State, Malaysia Alluvial. 

69-71 Pluhar 1979 Ranang Province, southern Thailand. 

72 Flinter and others 1963 Pertang, Perak State, Malaysia Alluvial. 

73 Flinter and others 1963 Bider, Perak State, Malaysia Alluvial. 

74 Flinter and others 1963 Petaling, Salanger State, Malaysia Alluvial. 

75 Pluhar 1979 Ranang Province, southern Thailand. 

76 Pluhar 1979 Ranang Province, southern Thailand. 

77 Pluhar 1979 Phang Nge Province, southern Thailand. 

78 Pluhar 1979 Ranang Province, southern Thailand. 

79 Pluhar 1979 Phang Nge Province, southern Thailand. 

80,81 Pluhar 1979 Ranang Province, southern Thailand. 

82 Pluhar 1979 Phang N ge Province, southern Thailand. 

83 Pluhar 1979 Ranang Province, southern Thailand. 

84 Pluhar 1979 Phang Nge Province, southern Thailand. 

85 Pluhar 1979 Ranang Province, southern Thailand. 

86-88 Pluhar 1979 Ranang Province, southern Thailand. 

89 Flinter and others 1963 Selangor State, Malaysia Alluvial. 

90,91 Pluhar 1979 Ranang Province, southern Thailand. 

92 Soong 1978 Taiwan Beach sand. 

93 Pluhar 1979 Phukat Province, southern Thailand. 

94 Pluhar 1979 Ranang Province, southern Thailand. 

95 Pluhar 1979 Phang Nge Province, southern Thailand. 

96 Pluhar 1979 Phang Nge Province, southern Thailand. 

97 Pluhar 1979 Ranung Province, southern Thailand. 

98 Hedrick 1988 India. 

99 Flinter and others 1963 Sunghai, Perak State, Malaysia Alluvial. 

100 Pluhar 1979 Ranung Province, southern Thailand. 

101 Flinter and others 1963 Pulau Besur, Malacca State, Malaysia Alluvial. 

102 Murata and others 1953 Travancore, India. 

103 Pluhar 1979 Ranung Province, southern Thailand. 

104 Hwang and others 1981 Australia. 

105 Pluhar 1979 Ranung Province, southern Thailand. 

106 Semenov and Turanskaya, 1964 Korea. 

quoted by Vlasov (v. 2, p. 

283) 

107 Chen and others 1973 Taiwan Beach sand. 

108-110 Pluhar 1979 Ranang Province, southern Thailand. 

111 Pluhar 1979 Phang Nge Province, southern Thailand. 

112 Wylie 1950 Scottsdale district, Tasmania. 

113 Hedrick 1988 China. 

114 Rosenblum 1974 Liberia Beach sand. 
TABLES 53 

Table 10. Sources of data for monazites given in tables 2-7-Continued. 

SamEle no. Reference (author and date) Localit~ Source 

TABLE 3-Continued 

115 Pluhar 1979 Phuket Province, southern Thailand. 

116 Wylie 1950 Byron Bay, New South Wales, Australia. 

117 Murata and others 1957 Byron Bay, New South Wales, Split of sample 116 

118 Pluhar 1979 Ranang Province, southern Thailand. 

119 Chen and others 1973 Taiwan Beach sand. 

120 Murata and others 1953 Pacific Grove, California. 

121 Pluhar 1979 Ranang Province, southern Thailand. 

122 Wylie 1950 Stannum, New South Wales, Australia Alluvial. 

123 Smirnov 1969 Riphaen sediments, Middle Dniester area, 

Ukraine. 

124 Pluhar 1979 Ranang Province, southern Thailand. 

125 Pluhar 1979 Phang Nge Province, southern Thailand. 

126 Rosenblum 1974 Liberia Beach sand. 

127 Wylie 1950 Cape Everard, Victoria, Australia Beach sand. 

128 Hedrick 1988 W. Australia. 

129 Pluhar 1979 Ranang Province, southern Thailand. 

130 Rosenblum 1974 Liberia Beach sand. 

131 Wylie 1950 King Island, Australia Beach sand. 

132 Pluhar 1979 Ranang Province, southern Thailand. 

133 Pluhar 1979 Phuket Province, southern Thailand. 

134 Rosenblum 1974 Liberia Beach sand. 

135 Murata and others 1953 Pacific Grove, California. 

136 Heinrich and others 1960 Pacific Grove, California Split of sample 135. 

137 Rosenblum 1974 Liberia Beach sand. 

138 Pluhar 1979 Phuket Province, southern Thailand. 

139 Rosenblum 1974 Liberia Beach sand. 

140 Pluhar 1979 Ranang Province, southern Thailand. 

141, 142 Rosenblum 1974 Liberia Beach sand. 

143 Pluhar 1979 Phong Nge Province, southern Thailand. 

144 Hammond 1946 Travancore, India Beach sand. 

145 Rosenblum 1974 Liberia Beach sand. 

146 Pluhar 1979 Phang Nge Province, southern Thailand. 

147 Pluhar 1979 Phuket Province, southern Thailand. 

148 Pluhar 1979 Ranang Province, southern Thailand. 

149 Rosenblum 1974 Liberia Beach sand. 

150 Styles and Young 1983 Afu Hills, Nigeria. 

151 Rosenblum 1974 Liberia Beach sand. 

TABLE4 

1 Rosenblum and Mosier 1983 Kivu, Zaire Alluvial. 

2 Nekrasova and Nekrasov 1983 Indigirka River, northeastern Yakutia Alluvial. 

3 Kosterin and others 1962 Maritime Province, eastern Siberia, U.S.S.R. Cassiterite placer. 

4 Rosenblum and Mosier 1983 Kivu, Zaire Alluvial. 

5-7 Donnot and others 1973 Brittany, France Paleozoic gray schist. 

8 Nekrasova and Nekrasov 1983 Indigirka River, northeastern Yakutia. 

9 Donnot and others 1973 Brittany, France Paleozoic gray schist. 

10 Rosenblum and Mosier 1983 Kivu, Zaire Alluvial. 

11 Rosenblum and Mosier 1983 France Alluvial. 

12 Chen, Li, and Wu 1973 Taiwan Beach sand. 

13 Rosenblum and Moser 1983 Livengood, Alaska Alluvial. 

14 Rosenblum and Moser 1983 Taiwan Beach sand. 

15 Serdyuchenko and 1974 Timan, U.S.S.R. Riphaen shale. 

Kochetkov 

16, 17 Rosenblum and Mosier 1983 Kivu, Zaire Alluvial. 

18 Rosenblum and Mosier 1983 Ruby, Alaska Alluvial. 

19 Rosenblum and Mosier 1983 Southwestern Taiwan Beach sand. 

20 Rosenblum and Mosier 1983 Eagle, Alaska Alluvial. 

21 Rosenblum and Mosier 1983 Teller, Alaska Alluvial. 

22 Rosenblum and Mosier 1983 Southwestern Taiwan Beach sand. 
54 RARE-EARTH ELEMENTS IN MINERALS OF THE MONAZITE FAMILY 

Table 10. Sources of data for monazites given in tables 2-7-Continued. 

Sample no. Reference (author and date) Locality Source 

TABLE 4-Continued 

23 Rosenblum and Mosier 1983 Montana Alluvial. 

24 Rosenblum and Mosier 1983 Rio San Juan, Peru Alluvial. 

25 Soong 1978 Taiwan Beach sand. 

26 Rosenblum and Mosier 1983 Rio Morro, Peru Alluvial. 

27 Chen, Li, and Wu 1973 Taiwan Beach sand. 

28,29 Rosenblum and Mosier 1983 Taiwan Beach sand. 

30 Rosenblum and Mosier 1983 Tanana, Alaska Alluvial. 

31 Rosenblum and Mosier 1983 Livengood, Alaska Alluvial. 

32 Rosenblum and Mosier 1983 Talkeetna, Alaska Alluvial. 

33 Rosenblum and Mosier 1983 Livengood, Alaska Alluvial. 

34 N ekrasova and N ekrasov 1983 Obrivisty River, northeastern Yakutia Alluvial. 

35 Soong 1978 Taiwan Beach sand. 

36 Rosenblum and Mosier 1983 Taiwan Beach sand. 

37 Soong, quoted by Rosenblum 1983 Southwestern Taiwan Beach sand (same as sample 

and Mosier 35?). 

38 Hwang and others 1981 Taiwan Beach sand. 

39 Rosenblum and Mosier 1983 Tanana, Alaska Alluvial. 

40 Nekrasova and Nekrasov 1983 Sclar River, northeastern Yakutia Alluvial. 

41 Rosenblum and Mosier 1983 Tanana, Alaska Alluvial. 

42 Nekrasova and Nekrasov 1983 Dzhatuk River, northeastern Yakutia Alluvial. 

43 Rosenblum and Mosier 1983 Ophir, Alaska Alluvial. 

44 Soong 1978 Taiwan Beach sand. 

45 Nekrasova and Nekrasov I983 Vera River, northeastern Yakutia Alluvial. 

46 Vaquero 1979 Spain Alluvial. 

47 Soong 1978 Taiwan Beach sand. 

TABLES 

I Maksimovic and Panto 1983 Liverici, Yugoslavia Bauxite. 

2 Semenov 1969 Ilimaussaq, Greenland Alkalic rock. 

3 Borovskii and Gerasimovskii 1945 Balkhash Granite. 

4 Nekrasova and Nekrasov 1983 Uruselekh River, Siberia, U.S.S.R. Dark monazite. 

5 Proshchenko, quoted by 1964 Northern Y akutia Alkali granite pegmatite. 

Vlasov, v. 1, p. 243 

6 Graeser and Schwander 1987 Italy Pegmatite vein in gneiss. 

7 Shukolyukov and others 1979 Alakurtti, northern Karelia, U.S.S.R. 

8 Maksimovic and Panto 1980 Greece Marmora bauxite deposit. 

9 Graeser and Schwander I987 Italy Pegmatite vein in gneiss. 

TABLE6 

1 Bowles and others I980 Kuttakhuzhi, Travancore, India Kaolinized pegmatite. 

2 Pavlenko and others I959 Bayankul massif, eastern Tuva Amazonite pegmatite. 

3,4 Foard and others 1993 Kuttakuzhi,Trivandrum, Kerala State, India Pegmatite dike. 

TABLE7 

I Kosterin and Zuev 1962 Not given V einlet in granophyre. 

2,3 Kucha I980 Bogatyn area, Lower Silesia, Poland Huttonite-monazite. 

4 Pavlenko and others 1966 Southeastern Siberia, U.S.S.R. ''Cerphos phorhuttoni te,'' 

amazonite pegmatite. 

5 Kucha I980 Bogatyn area, Lower Silesia, Poland Huttonite-monazite. 

6 Kucha 1980 Bogatyn area, Lower Silesia, Poland Huttonite-monazite. 

7 Kucha 1980 Bogatyn area, Lower Silesia, Poland Huttonite-monazite. 
Table 11. Locality index. 

Country 

Burundi Republic 

Liberia 

Malawi 

Mozambique 

Nigeria 

South Africa 

Zaire 

"South Asia" 

China 

India 

Japan 

Korea 

Malaysia 

Mongolia 

Sri Lanka 

Taiwan 

Thailand 

U.S.S.R. 

Siberia 

Central Asia 

East Siberia, Far Eastern 

U.S.S.R., Maritime Province 

Northern Siberia 

Aldan 

Balkhash 

Gornyi Altai 

Kabaridi-Balkarsk, A.S.S.R. 

Kazakhstan 

Pamirs 

Polar Urals 

Sayan 

Tannu-Ola 

Timan 

Trans baikal 

Tuva 

Urals 

Uzbekistan 

Yakutia 

Table 

2 

3 

2 

2 

3 

2 

4 

2 

2 

3 

2 

3 

2 

2 

3 

2 

3 

2 

2 

3 

4 

2 

3 

2 

3 

2 

2 

3 

4 

2 

2 

3 

2 

2 

2 

2 

2 

2 

2 

2 

4 

2 

2 

2 

2 

2 

4 

TABLES 

Sample number 

Africa 

376 

114, 126, 130, 134, 137, 139, 141, 142, 145, 149, 151 

400,535 

45 

150 

31,54,138,296,337 

I, 4, 10, 16, 17 

Asia 

49 

15, 72, 77,134,149,243,327,458,478,498,503,509,511,514,529,532,542,545,546, 

554,557 

5, 113 

190,441,530 

9, 13, 98, 102, 144 

74,223,252 

299 

106 

161 

2,8, 19,34,35,51,58,67,68, 72-74,89,99,101 

66,181,439,474,527 

533 

92, 107, 119 

12, 14,19,22,25,27-29,35-38,44,47 

89,258,409,551,558 

55 

1,3,6, 12, 14, 15,16,20-22,25-33,36-38,40-50,52-54,56,57,60-64,66,69-71,75-88, 

90, 91,93-97, 100, 103, 105, 108-111, 115, 118, 121, 124, 125, 129, 132, 133, 138, 140, 

143, 146-148 

20,28,80,83,97, 117,165,249,269,364,397,486 

7 

482,523 

81,316,326,335,342,375,436,513,518 

4, 10,59 

3 

499,539 

415,484 

24 

540 

127,236,251,271,354 

298 

156,168,169,177,189,257,264,279,330,385,402,424,432,455,468,488,491,495, 

507,516,517,521,522,524-526,536,538,547,550,553,556 

144,446,471, 531 

130,142,146,154,160,232,281,346,348,350,353,470,471,544 

108,166,196,202,209,210,220,226,278,291,493,512,515,563 

50,343 

15 

147,293,329,351,360,433 

129,136,164,203,301,302,543 

178,194,224,237,238,242,262,265,267,274,292,295,310,319,340,371-373,382, 

417,418,429,434,438,453,463,466,480,489,490,505,508,552,555,559,560,562,564 

286 

413 

2,8,34,40,42,45 
56 RARE-EARTH ELEMENTS IN MINERALS OF THE MONAZITE FAMILY 

Table 11. Locality index-Continued. 

Country 

Australia 

East Australia 

South Australia 

New South Wales 

Tasmania 

Victoria 

West Australia 

Austria 

Bulgaria 

England 

Finland 

France 

Italy 

Norway 

Poland 

Spain 

Switzerland 

U.S.S.R. 

Azov region 

Baltic region 

Armenia 

Byelorussia 

Caucasus 

Karelia and Kola Peninsula 

Ukraine 

Yu oslavia 

United States 

Alaska 

Arkansas 

California 

Colorado 

Connecticut 

Florida 

Idaho 

Illinois 

Montana 

Nevada 

New Mexico 

North Carolina 

Virginia 

Table 

2 

3 

3 

2 

3 

3 

3 

2 

3 

2 

2 

2 

2 

4 

2 

2 

2 

4 

2 

2 

2 

2 

3 

2 

2 

2 

2 

2 

3 

2 

4 

2 

2 

3 

2 

2 

3 

3 

2 

3 

2 

4 

2 

2 

2 

2 

Sample number 

Australia 

126 

131 

55, 104 

321 

116,117,122 

112 

127 

240 

128 

Europe 

320 

282,314,323,328,332,333,345,349,355,361,368,374,378,379,381,383,387,388, 

391,392,394-396,401,404,405,426,440 

239,256,272,283,369,370,403,407,410-412,420,422,427,428,447,450,464,472, 

473,476,481,502 

86,158,448 

5-7, 9, 11 

67,155,183,217,259,304,305,331,386,565 

8, 11, 70, 92, 99, 100, 128, 195, 231,254,435,451 

139 

46 

171 

53,113,137,185,390,469,537 

150,175,182,198,204,213,221,222,241,253,260,289,297,303,325,357,475 

25, 118 

39 

479 

506 

229,309a,b,c,456,549 

1-5,9, 13, 18, 19,21,22,24,26,27,29,30,32-34,39-42, 71, 75, 76, 78,93, 106,109,116, 

122, 135, 151,159, 172, 184, 192,208,225,245,273,284,287,334,341,347,356,362,365, 

380,389,419,423,430,442-444,467,497,501,520 

16,23,35,38,46-48,57,59,63,64, 73,82,91,94,98, 103,105,107,110,114,124,145, 

148,152,157,162,163,176,186,187,197,199-201,211,214,215,218,219,227,230, 

233,235,244,246-248,250,261,263,266,270,275,277,285,288,290,306-308,312, 

313,315,317,318,322,324,352,358,359,363,366,384,393,398,406,421,425,457, 

461,462,465,483,487,510,541 

123 

338 

North America 

13, 18,20,21,30-33,39,41,43 

534,548 

7,206,234,494,519,528 

120, 135, 136 

6, 10, 12, 14, 84, 111, 123, 125 

121 

18,23 

17 

179 

65 

561 

23 

44, 55, 56, 62, 87, 90, 96, 131, 141, 167, 173, 174, 180, 188, 191 

17, 58, 79, 88,102,119,132,133 

43,52,60,68,69, 112, 143,205,216a, b,276, 300,339,449,485 

101,311 
Table 11. Locality index-Continued. 

Country 

Brazil 

Peru 

Table 

2 

3 

4 

TABLES 

Sample number 

South America 

36,37,61,85,95, 104,115,140,170, 193,207a,b,212,228,255,268,280,294,344,367, 

377,399,408,414,416,431,437,445,452,454,459,460,492,496,500,504 

11a-f 

24,26 

No locality given 

2 51,65, 120,153,336,477 

57 
58 RARE-EARTH ELEMENTS IN MINERALS OF THE MONAZITE FAMILY 

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60 RARE-EARTH ELEMENTS IN MINERALS OF THE MONAZITE FAMILY 

Kupriyanova, 1.1., Volkova, M.l., and Goroshchenko, Z.l., 1964, 

Rare-earth minerals of a molybdenum deposit in the European 

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Leonova, V.A., and Nikitin, Yu.V., 1962, Mineralogy of monazites 

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Li, A.F., and Grebennikova, C.T., 1962, Low-thorium monazite: 

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Lozinski, Jan, 1969, The chemical composition of monazites from 

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Marchenko, E.Ya., and Goncharova, E.l., 1964, Role of halides in 

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62 RARE-EARTH ELEMENTS IN MINERALS OF THE MONAZITE FAMILY 

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Published in the Central Region, Denver, Colorado 

Manuscript approved for publication June 13, 1995 

Edited by Judith Stoeser 

Graphics by Dennis L. Welp 

Photocomposition by Joan Nadeau 

Table composition by Judith Stoeser 

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[In Russian.] 

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Building 810, Denver Federal Center, Denver, CO 80225. (See latest 

Price and Availability List.) 

"Publications of the Geological Survey, 1879-1961"may be purchased by mail and over the counter in paperback book form and as a set 

microfiche. 

"Publications of the Geological Survey, 1962-1970" may be purchased by mail and over the counter in paperback book form and as a set 

of microfiche. 

"Publications of the U.S. Geological Survey, 1971-1981"may be 

purchased by mail and over the counter in paperback book form (two volumes, publications listing and index) and as a set of microfiche. 

Supplements for 1982, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986, and for subs~­

quent years since the last permanent catalog may be purchased by mall 

and over the counter in paperback book form. 

State catalogs, "List of U.S. Geological Survey Geologic and Water-Supply Reports and Maps For (State)," may be purchased by mail and 

over the counter in paperback booklet form only. 

"Price and Availability List of U.S. Geological Survey Publications," issued annually, is available free of charge in paperback booklet 

form only. 

Selected copies of a monthly catalog "New Publications of the 

U.S. Geological Survey" is available free of charge by mail or may be obtained over the counter in paperback booklet form only. Those wishing a 

free subscription to the monthly catalog "New Publications of the U.S. 

Geological Survey" should write to the U.S. Geological Survey, 582 National Center, Reston, VA 22092. 

Note.-Prices of Government publications listed in older catalogs, 

announcements, and publications may be incorrect. Therefore, the prices 

charged may differ from the prices in catalogs, announcements, and publications.