Research Note 86-58

TRAINING FOR NIGHT/LIMITED VISIBILITY OPERATIONS

00

00 Jon C. Graber, Robert L. Rallier and

James A. Salter

Mellonics Systems Development Division

Litton Systems, Inc.

ITI

EECTE

ARI FORT BENNING FIELD UNIT

Joel Schendel, Acting Chief

TRA IN ING RESEARCHI LABORATORY

Seward Smith, Acting Director

U. S. Army

Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences
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A Field Operating Agency under the Jurisdiction of the

Deputy Chief of Staff for Personnel

L. NLAI.E C()SBY

[I)GAR M. J()HNSON Colocl, IN

Techiical I)irector CO:IIlIIaI Ii dtI

Techn icaI re I x' I)

John J. Kss-Ilc, r

IThis repor-t, as submitted by the contractor, has been cleared for release to Defense Technical Information Center

(DTICI to comply with regulatory requirements. It has been given no primary distribution other than to DTIC

and will be available only through DTIC or other reference services such as the National Technical Information

Service (NTIS]. The views. epirionb, and/or findings contained in this report are those of the authorls) end

should not be construed as an officia 1.epaitmellL of the Army position, policy, or decision, unless so designated

by other official documentation.

. -•. . .. * * . . . .. .
SECURITY CLASSIIFICATII N Of T.' S PA,,! ., ,u.Ir,1

REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE RfI:AD INSTRUCTIONS

IfIIORE. COMPILIETING, FORM

I HE PORT NUMHER 2GOVT ACCESSION NO RCIPIENT'S CAT ALOG NUMBER

API O-w.rrI otk -~ f~/

4.~~~~ TIL5., ~ F~I. 

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YPE OF R PRT PERIOD COVE F O

Training for Night/Li'm:ted Visibility Final Report

Operations January 1985-December 1985

6 PERFORMING ORG. REPORT NUMBE.R

.AUTR()8. CONR8ORGATN8ERs

Jon G. Graber, Robert L. Rallier, and 11D -3C04

James A. Salter

9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS 10. p 1-OURAM t LLMENT. PROJECT. TASK

Yellonics Systems Development Division AREA & WOR K UNcT NUMB3ERS

Litton Systems, Inc. 2Q263744A795

PO Box 3407, Sunnyvale, CA 94088-3407

i. CONTROLLING OFFICE NAME AND ADDRESS 12, REPORT DATE

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U.S. Army Research Institute for the Behavioral Unclassified

and Social Sciences, 5001 Eisenhower Avenue

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5 DISTRIB3UTION STATEMENT (of tia Report)

Approved for public release; distribution unli::ifted.

I L IST R1 BUTION ST ATEME NT .I t. ene- In [11 .c ) /0 I '1Iflr,, tr',, Rport)

18 SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

This re!searc-h was technically monitored by Dr. John C. 'orey.

9 KEY WBS C , flleers ,s I leSsrvSY flh!v h, trI., - e

Br tdhty Fgti V>ohSystem T ra 1ningq

infiantry Fighting hil

Night

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Alth~h tai~1r: Irjectives dictate ha oj-,e--third oft all tactical training be

ccn'~cedu~d ri:m. tud vi sibi lity condi tions~, ex-iinat ion at cur rent Bradlo-y

!'f tntry n tiOV-hiclt (BIFV) unt tra'irsiiio schodt01 0 5 indicated that this w a:c

nlot be1~i'tt a varieoty af ',I~l;.Flo pter sonrnol que-ried by research

oeax membcrs indicatcd that thte o,~~ ti iIiiiiq speciti c to limited visibi -

lity,()hi (,ris s 0 d by t Ie :& -f i dt qua, to tqui dance on tlie opt ima 1

c(n it .111( :.k, ,i ds () , 1r " -Ai~ Inii. A rpe o 1ight Training Program (1171 tIt:>. stn ly Yxis t Ino v, d in auidanct! to BIFV units

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SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE(Wh w Data FEntoed)

20. Abstract (Continued) I for conducting limited visibility training. The program integrates material

presently existing in scattered form into a coorainated approach to BIFV unit

night operations training. :

Accesiwn For

NTIS CRA&I, OTIC TAB

f o U rn a n n o ,. f c e~

JustIficatlu( LI

DS tflAva'Ijbil:ty Cok-es

Dist A\, d JiX1or

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11 SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIIS PAGE(;: ,,, . I 1-srd) 1
FOREWORD

Since 1975 the Army Research Institute has contributed to the U. S.

Army program to develop Bradley Infantry (M2) and Cavalry (M3) Fighting

Vehicles, including human factors evaluation of prototype vehicles and task

analyses of crew tasks to identify special aptitude requirememts. Further

task analysis resulted in preparation of a set of Procedures Guides for

Bradley Commanders, Gunners, and Drivers, identification of leader tactical

training device requirements, and recommendations for a Bradley Leader

Tactical Trainer.

As Bradley vehicles began to be introduced to combat units, the need to

evaluate tactical doctrine, operational effectiveness, and training issues

in a systems context became apparent. At the request of the Deputy Chief of

Staff for Training, U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC) a

research program was formalized among the Training Technology Agency,

TRADOC, the U. S. Army Infantry School, and the Army Research Institute, to

define emerging operational and training problems and to undertake research

to address the most critical issues affecting combat effectiveness. Because

Bradley vehicles incorporate advanced weapons systems and sights to be used

under darkness and reduced visibility, special emphasis was placed on

research which focused on operations under these conditions.

The first year of the project resulted in definition of critical

research issues and identified gunnery, tactical operations, equipment, and

training as topical areas for subsequent research and development. The

problem identification and supporting analyses are presented in a separate

report.

The results of the second year of research are documented in a series

of publications, of which the present report is one. The emphasis of the

second year effort was on making products available to Bradley users as they

were developed. These analyses, training materials, job performance aids,

improved procedures, and equipment prototypes have thereby served immediately

to increase combat effectiveness. Further interactions between the project

scientists and the user community have resulted in additional improvements

and refinements. As a result of this approach the project has been

unusually responsive to both the U. S. Army Infantry School and Bradley

units worldwide.

iii

,'.

[ . . .
TRAINING FOR NIGHT AND LIMITED VISIBILITY OPERATIONS

CONTENTS Sag

PROBLEM DEFINITION.. I...........................................1

APPROACH ...... I...........................................2

THE BIFV NIGHT TRAINING PROGRAM..................... I...............3

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS.II.....................................4

BIBLIOGRAPHY.............................. I...........................6

APPENDIX A: NIGHT TRAINING PROGRAM (BIFV, M12)......................A-i

iv
PROBLEM DEFINITION

The ARI/Litton research team conducted an up-to-date assessment of the

Threat during the problem analysis phase of this project. The focus was upon

those aspects of Soviet organization, tactics and techniques which have the

greatest impact upon the employment of the Bradley Infantry Fighting Vehicle.

Soviet operations are characterized by constant activity day and night.

Night insertions and extractions of mobile detachments by air, land or water

are likely. These forces may be large to provide extra firepower to the rear

or small to collect additional reconnaissance information. Night operations

are viewed as extensions of daylight activities. Limited visibility operations

can be expected when Soviet objectives have not been achieved before nightfall.

Soviet use of limited visibility conditions is comparable to use of an

offensive weapon. For example, the Soviets employ smoke in three ways; (1)

screening smoke is used to cover the movement of Soviet forces and hinder enemy

target acquisition efforts; (2) deceptive smoke is used to mislead the enemy

as to the true objective and avenue of approach; (3) blinding smoke is used on

the objective to blind enemy gunners and degrade their sighting systems.

Soviet forces are well practiced in many aspects of the training required

to implement their limited visibility doctrine. Lengthy marches, resupply of

troops and weapons, movement to alternative firing positions, and construction

of fortifications are emphasized and performed at night. During the night,

reconnaissance and security activities are increased. March columns are

shortened and extra traffic controllers are used. Observers with night vision

goggles are dispersed among the units.

The Threat assessment served as a perspective for research team members

during the field trips to observe BIFV units in USAREUR and CONUS. It was

noted that there was a particular lack of awareness of the need to train for

reaction to Soviet doctrine pertaining to limited visibility operations.

Comments to ARI/Litton research team members from company and higher level

commanders indicated that they believed subordinate units were conscious of the

problems associated with night operations and were taking proper action.

However, the actual field observations revealed a number of serious

deficiencies. It is difficult for mechanized Company Commanders to conduct

operational inspections at night when platoon elements are widely dispersed and

movement is difficult, occassionally dangerous, and always produces noise.

Therefore, command visitations are rare and perceptions of unit readiness to

operate at night do not coincide with reality.

It was observed that units failed to bring night vision goggles, Starlight

scopes, Dragon night sights and other Surveillance, Target Acquisition and

Night Vision (STANO) devices to the field for exercises. Only the BIFV

integrated sight unit (ISU) and the driver's night sight were employed in most

night operations. Occasionally, an individual platoon leader or a company

commander used the AN/PVS-5 night vision goggles for relatively short-range

surveillance or to check a map. However, night vision devices were not given

high priority by any of the forces observed.

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. . - r

Although training directives dictate that one-third of all tactical

training be conducted under limited visibility conditions, examination of

current unit training schedules indicates that this is not being done. Field

personnel queried by research team members indicated that the conduct of

training specific to limited visibility conditions is hampered by the lack of

adequate guidance on the optimal content and methods for such training.

Research team members verified that the BIFV community does not have a Program

of Instruction (POI) specific to limited-visibility conditions.

Therefore, the objective of preparation of an up-to-date program of

instruction for night operations training was identified as a high payoff

research topic to be pursued by the ARI/Litton research team during the second

year of the project. The following sections decribe the approach taken to

realize this objective and a brief description of the product.

APPROACH

The preparation for development of the training content and training

strategies to be included in the Night Training Program (NTP) involved the

meshing of multiple approaches. The training development expertise required

for this work was drawn from research team members who are experienced in

behavioral science applications to training development and/or knowledgeable

about the critical aspects of night operations through prior military service.

A number of varied sources were utilized during this work. The literature

review conducted by the research team during the first year problem analysis

phase was a primary source for identification of tasks and useful training

strategies. In particular, the literature pertaining to threat force

analysis, the capabilities and limitations of STANO devices, and human

performance under limited visibility conditions was re-examined.

A second source was the extensive review of USAIS mechanized infantry

training that was conducted by the research team. The advance courses for

officers and noncommissioned officers were re-examined, with the focus on

training blocks dealing with night operations content and practical

exercises. Also, the reverse cycle portions of BIFV-specific courses were

addressed particularly. Compilation of inforration from multiple resident

courses helps isolation of effective training approaches for retention in the

POI to be developed, and ineffective practices to be avoided.

Contact with SMEs in the field regarding their perceived requirements for a

nlqht training POI was a third important source of background information.

Points of contact among the USAIS training cadre were consulted. The trip

reports from the on-site visits to BIFV units in USAEUR and CONUS, conducted by

the research team during the problem analysis phase, were re-examined.

Finally, the research team member principally responsible for POI development was an invitud participant at a uight operitions workshop hosted by the

Combined Arms Center, 12-13 March, 1985. Other attendees were representatives from the branch centers/schools who could speak for their respective

2
commandant concerning night operations doctrine. Each representative briefed his functional area, at the maneuver battallion/ battallion task

force level, in the following format:

o Planning and employment considerations;

o Functional area support of combat operations at night;

o Training considerations.

The workshop was planned and hosted by CAC for the purpose of obtaining

input for the first draft of FC 90-1, Night Operations. The agenda afforded

the ARI/Litton research team member with ample opportunity to exchange views on

night operations doctrine and training with an Army-wide sample of SMEs.

Training approaches of proven effectiveness, and innovative ideas capable of

development and implementation, were incorporated in the development of the

BIFV NTP.

These multiple approaches were integrated to produce a comprehensive

listing of the individual and collective tasks to be emphasized in a BIFVspecific NTP. These included activities which are required only when limited

visibility conditions prevail, and daytime tasks which are particularly

difficult or performed in a modified manner when natural or artificial

obscurants limit visibility. Next, appropriate training strategies for the

identified tasks were selected or developed (using lessons learned from the

training community and innovative approaches formulated by the research team).

The complete program is presented at Appendix A and an overview is given in

the following section.

THE BIFV NIGHT TRAINING PROGRAM (NTP)

The ARI/Litton POI for BIFV NTP follows a standard military format. An

outline of the content and organization is presented below:

o PREFACE

POI Description

Training Notes

o BODY

o TRAINING ANNEXES

STANO Devices

Maintenance

Weapons

Gunnery

Tactics

Safety

o EQUIPMENT AND AMIMUNITION SUMMARY

3
o CORRELATION OF TRAINING OBJECTIVES TO REFERENCES

o REFERENCES

o TRAINING GRID

o STANO DEVICE DISTRIBUTION

The intended audience for this unit training NTP is the platoon/squad level

trainer. Therefore, the training notes directly address the needs and

characteristics of this user group. The initial notes establish the importance

of NTP, and the way to use the NTP to organize and condict maximally effective

unit training in night fighting. Additional notes address general aspects of

conducting night training and the potential distractors impacting upon the

motivation and learning of the troops being trained under limited visibility

conditions. Guidelines are given for innovative techniques to: (a) counteract

training distractors; (b) overcome limitations in training resources and

available training areas, and, (c) capitalize on available daytime training

hours and indoor training environments to simulate the essential aspects of

limited visibility conditions in the field.

The training annexes detail training objectives, conditions and standards

for essential night fighting tasks. The information necessary for tailoring

training content and sequencing to the needs of individual units is presented

in these sections. Other sections of the NTP list essential training

references readily available in the units and correlate the training objectives

to the appropriate reference(s). A training grid suggests appropriate

calendars for annual schedules. Finally, all essential administative details

for conducting effective unit training are treated in several sections.

The draft NTP was staffed with SMEs representing the U.S. Army Infantry

Center/School and cadre of TO&E units. Revisions of content and organization

per suggestions from this source were completed.

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

The ARI/Litton Night Training Program (NTP) is designed to fill the

presently existing void in guidance to BIFV units for conducting limited

visibility training. Unit trainers can draw immediate benefit from the

contents of the NTP in its present form. Therefore it is recommended

that:

o The present version of the Night Training Program be circulated among

trainers in active BIFV units. Requests for

Comment/Amplification/Modification are essential to development of

future, more detailed and specific training guidance.

Future work should be directed toward development of a second iteration of

this NTP. Comments and suggestions from the field should be used to improve

the initial version. Also, the recent training developments accomplished by

the ARI/Litton research team during work in other areas reported upon here and

in the companion report on gunnery procedures should be included in the second

4

.4
iteration. For example, the modified training in use of the thermal mode of

the ISU for target detection and range estimation could be inserted in an

appropriate section of the initial NTP. Therefore it is recommended that:

o Future work be performed by an appropriate action agency to produce and

evaluate an expanded Night Training Program that incorporates newly

developed night fighting concepts, training devices, job aids and

training strategies.

I-"

5

. . - -. . ; . ; .. .t .7...-... 
-7 777rBIBLIOGRAPHY

ARI Bradley Research Project Reports

The accomplishments of the project to date are documented in a series

of publications, of which the present report is one. Other publications in

the series are listed below for reference.

Rollier, R. i., Salter, M. S., Perkins, M. S., Bayer, G. C., Strasel, H. C.,

Lockhart, D. C., Kramer, A. J., and Hilligoss, R. E. (1984) Review and

analysis of BIFV operations under all visibility conditions. (ARI Working

Paper FB 85-01; to be reissued as an ARI Research Note).

Strasel, H. C., Lockhart, D. C., Hilligoss, R. E., and Fusha, J. A. (1984).

Anaysis of gunnery training for Bradley Infantry Fighting Vehicle. (ARI

Working Paper FB 85-02; to be reissued as an ARI Research Note).

Rollier, R. L., Salter, J. A., Graber, J. G., Roberson, P. R., Harbin, K. W.,

Wilkinson, C. S., Morey, J. C., and Salter, M. S. (1985). Bradley Fighting

Vehicle System combat effectiveness: Evaluations of developments in

tactics, training and equipment. (ARI Research Note).

Perkins, M. S. (1985). Analysis of BIFV gunnery with emphasis on factors

affecting first-round hit capability of the 25-mm gun. (ARI Research

Report).

Rollier, R. L., Roberson, P. R., Salter, J. A., Graber, J. G., and Harbin,

K. W. (1985). BIFV squad and platoon leader span of control. (ARI Research

Note).

Graber, J. G., Rollier, R. L., and Salter, J. A. (1985). Continuous

Operations SOP for BIFV units. (ARI Research Note).

Rollier, R. L., Salter, M. S., Morey J. C., and Roberson, P. R. (1985).

Effects of revised 25mm ammunition reloading procedures on ammunition

reloading time. (ARI Technical Report).

Rollier, R. L., Wilkinson, C. S., and Salter, J. A. (1985). Improved BIFV

troop compartment visibility: Development of a transparent, bulletproof dome. (ARI Research Note).

Rollier, R. L., Salter, M. S., Morey, J. C., Salter, J. A., and Graber, J. G.

(1985). Exploration of techniques for Bradley Infantry Fighting Vehicle

thermal sight training. (ARI Technical Report).

Perkins, :. S., and Rollier, R. L. (1985). Analysis of content and

organizition of the Bradley Infantry Fighting Vehicle Commanders Course.

(ARI Research Report)

Graber, J. G., Rollier, R. L., and Salter, J. A. (1985). Training for night

and limited visibility operations. (ARI Research Note). 

6
Morey, J. C., Rallier, R. L., Graber, 3. G., Salter, J. A., and Salter, M. S.

(1985). Througih-the-sight video: Equipment and concepts for gunnery

training. (ARI Research Note).

Morey, JT. C., Rollier, R. L., Salter, J. A., and Salter, M. S. (1985). Scaled

vehicles and ranges: Development of a scaled, reactive, mobile target and

range . (ARI Research Note).

7
APPENDIX A

NIGHT TRAINING PROGRAM

(BIFV, M2)
TABLE OF CONTENTS

SECTION TITLE PAGE

I. INTRODUCTION I-i

II. PREFACE

A. NTP Description IIAO1

B. Training Notes (TN) IIBOI

1. TNl: Night Training Program (NTP) Purpose

2. TN2: Training Annex Description

3. TN3: Explanation of Sections IV.-IX.

4. TN4: Training in Units

5. TN5: Distractors to Efficient Night Unit

Training

6. TN6: Techniques for NTP Implementation

7. TN7: NBC Night Training Tips

III. BODY III-i

IV. TRAINING ANNEXES

A. STANO Devices IVA0I

B. Maintenance IVB01

C. Weapons IVC01

D. Gunnery IVDO1

E. Tactics IVEOI

F. Safety IVFO"

V. EQUIPMENT AND AMMUNITION SUMMARY VAO 1

VI. TRAINING OBJECTIVES TO REFERENCES CORRELATION VIAOI

VII. BIBLIOGRAPHY VIIA0I

VIII. TRAINING GRID VIIIA0I

IX. STANO DEVICE DISTRIBUTION IXA0I

4 1
FOREWORD

This night training program (NTP) addresses the training of Bradley

Infantry Fighting Vehicle indivudals and units at night in the skills needed

for combat. The NTP presents technical aspects, tactical skills, and logistic

considerations associated with night combat training. The NTP was prepared

using data from CACDA sources; TRADOC school inputs; the USAIS programs of

instruction for IOAC, IOBC, ANCOC, and the BIFV specific Bradley Commander,

Master Gunner, and gunner courses; field manuals, circulars, research papers,

articles from military magazines, scientific studies, and related

documentation.

EDGAR M. JOHNSON

Technical Director
SECTION I

INTRODUCTION

1.1 General.

Training for night operations has always presented many large and confusing

problems to unit leaders. This night training program (NTP) addresses the

major areas of night training and ties together contemporary doctrine and the

technical aspects of planning, conducting, and improving night training. The

intent of the NTP is to provide the BIFV small unit trainer with answers to the

questions: What references can be used? What tasks require training? What

equipment is needed? How long will it take? Will it be worth it?

1.2 Purpose.

The purpose of this NTP is to provide the U.S. Army with a source document

which describes how to conduct effective night training. It addresses

doctrinal, training, personnel, equipment, and time constraints by:

1. Providing training notes, tips, and required references.

2. Listing the tasks to be trained.

3. Listing equipment and ammunition requirements.

4. Providing specific training objectives in task, condition, standard

format.

5. Establishing a training sequence.

6. Supplying training guidance which is realistic and attainable.

1.3 Scope.

This NTP is designed to provide the small unit trainer with guidance

required to train BIFV squad, platoon, and company level personnel in night and

limited visibility combat.

I-i.

' .* ' 2 - ' "2 " ' "" " -' -" ' ' f - * . .. . " " " * "
SECTION II

PREFACE

A. POI DESCRIPTION:

1. TITLE: Night Training Program (NTP) (BIFV, M2).

2. PURPOSE: To provide BIFV small unit trainers with guidelines for

conduct of night training unit readiness. MOS for which trained: 11M.

3. SCOPE: The key subjects in this NTP are STANO devices training,

maintenance, weapons, gunnery, tactics, and safety.

4. TRAINING ENVIRONMENT: Field environment, reversed cycle training, at

night.

5. DURATION: 115 hours, or, 8 work days, approximate.

II A0l

I,
B. TRAINING NOTES (TN):

TNl: The Soviets and Warsaw Pact nations pose the greatest threat to the US

forces and our allies. The Soviets train "at night -- according to daytime

standards" to maintain the doctrinal "spirit of the offense." Soviet ground

forces employ a large number of night operations equipment and their training

programs show that up to 40% of all individual and unit tactical training time

is night oriented. Soviet sources indicate that night operations are integral

to the Soviet Army doctrine of continuous operations.

Much of Soviet use of night combat comes from their war history. During

World War II, the Soviets were known for their night and early morning attacks

on the Germans. Artillery preparations frequently preceded these attacks and

artificial light was used to illuminate the targets once surprise was lost.

River crossings and retrograde operations also were accomplished under the

protection of darkness.

Soviet operations are characterized by constant pressure day and night.

Night operations are viewed as extensions of daylight activities. Mobile

detachments are likely to be inserted and extracted in the night by air, land,

or water to assist in accomplishment of the mission. These forces may be large

to provide extra firepower to the Soviet's enemy's rear or small to collect

additional reconnaissance information.

The night and limited visibility capabilities of the Soviets are extensive.

Soviet doctrine calls for continuous operations on the battlefield. Some of

the actual training is unrealistic and sporadic. At present, light discipline

is poor among troops and river crossings usually occur only in daylight hours.

However, Soviet forces are well practiced in some aspects of night

training. Lengthy marches, resupply of troops and ammunition, movement to

alternate firing positions, and construction of fortifications are emphasized

and performed at night. During the night, reconnaissance and security

activities are increased; march columns are shortened and extra traffic

controllers are used; observers with night vision equipment are dispersed among

the units. Night frontages are considered the same as day frontages but rates

of advance slow to 1.5 to 2 km per hour.

Limited visibility operations can be expected when objectives have not been

achieved by normal light. The Soviets train with different colored lights,

flares, guide posts, and armbands to mark objectives, troops and equipment.

Soviet use of limited visibility can be compared to an additional weapon which

is to be used when appropriate.

Conversely, there is no single document produced by the US which addresses

the night training of soldiers. Many documents address aspects of night

operations, but none focus on training of night skills and tasks as they

pertain to the BIFV. Because of this lack information, commanders and leaders

find it hard to concentrate their efforts on night training and are constantly

searching for the information that they need to train their units at night.

IIBO"
Although most training directives dictate that one-third of all tactical

training be performed in darkness or under limited visibility conditions,

examination of training schedules indicates that this is not being done. This

is reflected in the units' inability to operate at night and a general

unfamiliarity with night vision devices.

Field observations have revealed a number of serious training deficiencies.

Units failed to bring night vision goggles, Starlight scopes, Dragon night

sights and similar equipment to the field for exercises and a number of squad

leaders failed to bring or were unable to obtain binoculars for field use.

Even units with night vision devices did not use them in most cases. Only the

integrated sight unit (ISU) and the driver's night sight were employed in most

night operations. Occasionally, a platoon leader or a company commander used

the AN/PVS-5 night vision goggles for relatively short-range surveillance on an

individual basis and/or to check a map. However, night vision devices were not

high on the consciousness level of any of the forces observed.

The BIFV is exceptionally vulnerable to dismounted enemy destruction when

it does not employ dismounted crew-served weapons with night sights and make

use of other night fighting alert devices. The ISU is not intended to counter

local enemy operations and it does not. Only good local dismounted night

security will lessen the BIFV's inherent vulnerability during conditions of

limited visibility.

TN2: This NTP will provide leaders, trainers, and soldiers with the

information required to perform specific tasks under stated conditions to

specific standards to achieve BIFV training objectives in the areas of STANO

devices, maintenance, weapons, gunnery, and tactics. All of the tasks are to

be performed in darkened conditions (indoors or out).

The following synopsis of Annexes A through F provides a NTP summary.

Annex A, STANO Device Training: This annex provides task, condition, and

standard criteria for those STANO devices which are organic to BIFV units IAW

the J-series MTOE. Hands-on component device training is vital for soldiers if

they are to fight in combat using the unit's organic STANO devices. Night

vision devices do NOT turn the night into day. Each device exhibits

peculiarities soldiers must understand if they are to use the devices with

competence. Properly planned and executed training will insure success in the

accomplishment of the tasks found in this NTP.

Annex B, Maintenance: Addresses those maintenance tasks which all BIFV

personnel need to know how to do -- and how to do well -- at night.

Maintenance under night or LIMVIS conditions is slow and potentially hazardous.

If attempted during inclement weather without adequate training the tasks will

become frustrating and difficult to accomplish. Training and practice under

LIMVIS and inclement conditions is vital to accomplishment under combat stress.

Annex C, Weapons: This annex presents night oriented tasks which will

enable a member of a BIFV crew to successfully operate the weapons at his

disposal. Successful task completion provides the crew with cross-training so

that crew members can substitute for each other as combat losses occur.

IIB02
Annex D, Gunnery: BIFV night gunnery skills and techniques require

intensive and careful ISU training. Engagement requires that the gunner be

able to detect, acquire, identify and fire at targets whose images are very

different through the thermal sight than they appear in the daysight. Soldiers

must first be familiar with target signatures, fire commands, tracking

techniques, and the ammunition with which each type of target is engaged.

Annex E, Tactics: This portion of the POI is designed to provide all BIFV

soldiers with the ability to become proficient in critical combat skills. Each

soldier will be required to perform his tasks and those tasks his subordinates

perform, to the best of his ability, for his level of the operation, (e.g.

leaders will be required to perform leader's, gunner's, and crew tasks; gunners

will perform gunner's tasks as well as crew member tasks.)

Annex F, Safety: The objectives provided allow the trainer maximum

discretion in presenting the topic, as generally or as specifically, as is

required to fit the unit's current safety program. The safety topics permit

increased emphasis on the night/LIMVIS environment. Darkness makes manual

tasks more difficult than they are in lighted conditions: safety must be more

rigidly enforced to insure that training time is not lost and that senseless

injuries do not occur.

TN3: Section V contains an equipment and ammunition summary which allows the

trainer to see-at-a-glance what and how much equipment and ammunition is

required to conduct training; Section VI is a correlation of training

objectives to pertinent references; Section VII is a list of the references

required by the trainer for conduct of proper night training; Section VIII

depicts a training grid which shows the trainer who is to be trained and on

which training objective to achieve primary and alternate competency of the

duties to be performed; and Section IX is a STANO device distribution chart

(adapted from TO&E 07245J410, dated 05/08/84), which allows unit trainers to

know the items of equipment that should be present in the unit.

TN4: Training in units day, or night, is broken down into the following areas:

purpose, characteristics, and training methods used by units. FM 25-2 states

the following:

PURPOSES OF TRAINING

Leaders train soldiers, subordinate leaders, and units to:

+ Develop individual and collective proficiency on new tasks and missions

as assigned.

+ Sustain individual and collective proficiency on tasks and missions

previously trained to standard.

Training for cnmpany and below is concerned with:

+ Developing and sustaining company-level collective proficiency.

+ Developing and sustaining individual, leader, and collective proficiency

of subordinate company elements.

IIB03
The primary purpose of training is to develop and sustain unit proficiency.

Other purposes include conducting professional development classes for leaders,

motivating unit personnel, and building the soldier's self-confidence and sense

of team cohesiveness.

. Training is based on specific tasks, conditions, and standards provided by

unit leaders. During training, performance is continually evaluated by

trainers so they can effectively coach soldiers. At the end of training,

performance is measured for compliance with stated conditions and standards.

If routine work is performed in this same manner, it can also be considered as

* training.

The most important aspect of training is whether soldiers, leaders, and

units can perform their assigned missions or tasks after the training has

ended. How the trainer conducts the training session is less important than

the results attained. How training was conducted only becomes important when

it does not produce the desired resu'.s or uses resources inefficiently.

CHARACTERISTICS OF UNIT TRAINING

To plan, conduct, and evaluate training, the characteristics of training

must be understood. Good training --

IS TACTICALLY AND TECHNICALLY CORRECT, CAUSES LEADERS AND SOLDIERS TO LEARN,

* BUILDS TEAMS, IS CONDUCTED BY AND DEVELOPS LEADERS, IS REALISTIC, CORRECTS

WEAKNESSES AND CAUSES UNITS/SOLDIERS TO ATTAIN AND/OR RETAIN PROFICIENCY.

TRAINING IN UNITS

Training in units involves learning and sustaining proficiency in

individual and collective skills that units (including squads, crews, and

sections) need to accompli3h their mission. The commander must develop and

implement the best mix of individual and collective training in order to help

soldiers learn and sustain proficiency in skills needed. This training is

often part of platoon, company, and battalion exercises.

IIB04

.. -.... ..• .. . . ... . i-: -.- -: ... . .- ... . . .-- .- :.- . , ;i. .: -. ---) ; ?;< :ii ,- :<;-I'
TRAINING PHASE

Conduct

Soldier training

Leader and staff training

Guidance Squad, crew, or section

and training

Resources Platoon through corps

training

Evaluation f

/ Feedback/

/ rained Soldiers

and Units

INDIVIDUAL TRAINING

This is training of individual officers, NCOs, or enlisted soldiers on

tasks each individual must be able to perform. It is conducted to sustain

skills previously learned and to develop additional skills. Developing basic

individual skills before training more advanced skills results in less

confusion, more efficient use of resources, and higher morale. Most individual

training is conducted by unit leaders. However, some technical and leader

training is conducted within unit schools. Individual training programs

include:

Leader Training. Leader training is based on what leaders, soldiers, and

units will do in war and how they will do it. It develops a leader's ability

to train and lead. A unit's leader-training program prepares leaders to

perform their tasks, employ tactics, use equipment, and make the required

timely decisions.

Soldier Training. This is training of soldiers on MOS tasks. Critical MOS

tasks appear in MOS-specific soldier's manuals.

COLLECTIVE TRAINING

Teamwork in battle depends on those individual and collective skills

developed at squad, section, platoon, and company level. Collective training

builds combat teams that can accomplish their wartime missions. Initial squad.

crew, or section training helps leaders and individual soldurs indrstand 1'w

their actions relate to other team members' actions.

Training Individual Tasks During Collective Trv:to. V:. > >1>

tasks and missions are made up of individual, leadtir, a:i *'uV *sks, TSc

subordinate tasks can often be trained during coleur-.,: 'rilini:.1. This is
qPq

particularly true of sustainment training. Sustainment training maintains the

individual, leader, or team proficiency to desired standards on previously

learned tasks.

Multi-echelon Training. Soldiers are grouped by echelon or position then

the groups are trained separately, but simultaneously to meet specific training

needs at their echelons. The tasks trained are indiviudal, collective, or

both, and are not necessarily related.

Concurrent Training. Groups of soldiers train simultaneouly on different

tasks. These tasks may or may not be related. For example, a leader may

subdivide the unit at a night rifle range into firing orders. Soldiers who are

not firing may train on prcliminary night marksmanship, night target detection,

and similar subjects.

UNIT TRAINING OF NEWLY ASSIGNED AND INEXPERIENCED INDIVIDUALS

Training programs must make allowances for newly arrived individuals

without previous training on new equipment. Some may be reassigned from units

or agencies which do not have like equipment, and whose organization or

doctrine is different. For others, this may be their initial unit assignment.

Night operations training is conducted in the same manner as other unit

training, except that the training is performed during the hours of darkness.

CACDA FC 90-1 Night Operations states that training at night can be

accomplished in three ways: (1) at night as a follow-on to day training, (2)

at night for an extended period of time (reversed cycle training, e.g., 2100-

0600 hours), and (3) night and day for a designated time period as part of a

continuous operation scenario (e.g., 5 day FTX).

The best methods for the conduct of night training are:

A. Reversed Cycle Training. "Reversed cycle" training not only enables

the soldier to adjust physiologically and psychologically to night operations,

but provides continuity to a unit night training effort. The length of the

reversed training cycle and the frequency with which it is scheduled are

critical factors affecting the efficiency of the training and the proficiency

to be attained. The length and frequency of reversed training cycles will vary

from unit to unit. No optimum reversed cycle training period can be specified

for all units. However, the training goal is the same; to achieve and sustain

unit proficiency and confidence in operating at night. The following

guidelines are useful in tailoring a reversed cycle training program:

1. Individual soldiers require from three to five days to begin

physiological adaptation to a night training cycle. During the period of

adaptation, performance is likely to be impared and the benefits of the

reversed cycle not fully realized. To be effective, a reversed cycle should be

at least five days long.

2. After three to four weeks on a night cycle, physiological

adaptation is essentially complete. However, training efficiency will again be

IIB06

I
degraded during the period of adjustment back to a day cycle. Generally, the

night cycle should not exceed three weeks in length.

3. The length and frequency of reversed cycle training will vary with

unit size and level of operational proficiency. Generally, larger units will

schedule longer cycles to permit building up to integrated combined arms night

exercises. Those units that are already proficient in night operations will

use reversed cycle training primarily to sustain their capability. Trained

units can benefit more from frequent, shorter reversed cycles.

4. Extended duration reversed cycle training is difficult to schedule

and coordinate below battalion level because many necessary, but non-combat

essential, requirements occur during the soldier's "normal" duty day. These

demands can severely impact on night training much as they do on daylight

training. Reversed cycle training is most efficient when scheduled by the

brigade or division so that many of these competing demands can be rescheduled

or diverted to other units.

B. Continuous Cycle Training. Development of night operational

proficiency and confidence, to the level that units can fight as effectively at

night as during the day, require periodic, continuous cycle training. This

does not, however, minimize the importance of normal and reversed cyclc

training. Each of these three techniques has value and should be used in

*. combination to achieve and sustain night fighting proficiency and confidence.

1. Continous cycle training enables units to train under conditions

that closely approximate those of the modern battlefield. The stress on the

combined arms team resulting from continuous combat operations is best

accomplished by continuous cycle training. Sleep plans, "maintenalce-as-yougo," and a constant "tactical mind-set" required for successful combat

operations are approximated best through continuous cycle training.

2. In USAREUR, continuous cycle training is best done during a unit's

rotation through a major training area (MTA) or maneuver rights area (MRA).

The various elements of the combined arms team are integrated into the training

as the individual units focus their training on the mission-critical tasks.

Commanders enforce the multiechelon training approach by establishing realistic

training objectives for each echelon, by concurrently training, and through

conduct of after-action reviews and critiques.

3. Continuous cycle training is a culmination of the unit night and

day training program. Common sense indicates that to maximize the training

value of continuous cycle training, units should first achieve night operations

proficiency from reversed cycle night training techniques.

TNJ5: A lack of imagination in training plan development, poor use of training

aids and unrealistic scenarios unfavorably impact on the soldier's motivation

to train. Night operations training is hampered in most units by the

soldier's negative reactions to previous poorly executed night training.

Usually, the soldier is tired, bored, and nonproductive. In order to overcome

this negative attitude, leaders and trainers must develop rigidly enforced

training schedules which enable the soldiers to obtain sufficient fest betweun

training periods. Soldiers must become used to the idea of training at night,

IIB07
and compensatory time must be provided for those soldiers who must attend

appointments during the daytime, their new sleeping hours. Additionally,

leaders must reduce the disruptions caused by working in a reversed cycle when

support activities are operating on a normal daytime schedule.

Biologically and psychologically, fatigue causes disorientation, confusion,

and error. The soldiers must be made to adjust to and understand that although

the clock indicates 0230 hours, the training "day" still has 3-4 hours left. A

"chow break" (e.g., soup, coffee, cocoa, and sandwiches) at, or about, 0200-

0330 hours nightly will interrupt the soldier's normal sleep cycle and help

keep him awake. An interruption of the normal sleep cycle causes some chemical

imbalances in the body which also add to individual stress. The physical

reaction to the added stress may result in aggressive behavior in some

soldiers, or lethargic attitudes in others. Lethargy may cause some soldiers

to become unsafe in their actions around the BIFV. Until soldiers are adjusted

to reversed cycle body rhythms, stress will be a large factor impacting upon

the success of a unit's training program. Once the reversed training cycle is

completed, a 30-day period may be required to completely readjust the soldier's

body rhythms to the "normal" cycle.

TN6: This proposed Night Training Program (NTP) encompasses approximately 115

total training hours. If a concurrent, round-robin, or station-to-station

concept is used, the training time may be shortened for those tasks which do

not involve a tactical combat scenario. Many training objectives can be

accomplished in garrison or in the field. These train-up tasks, when

completed, will give the soldiers the skills needed for night tactical combat

operations.

Some examples of these train-up task are: Night movement; light, noise,

and movement discipline; and assembly/disassembly/maintenance/functioning of

NODS, STANO devices.

TN7: Night nuclear, biological, and chemical (NBC) activities are hampered by

a lack of visual cues: i.e., inability to see oily substances on leaves or

grass. Because visual cues are lacking, individuais and units must rely upon

training, sound, and smell. The overflight of unidentified aircraft or the

sound of impacting motar/artillery fire can alert a unit that enemy NBC

activities may be taking place in the area. Unidentifiable odors or odors

which are characteristic of known harmful NBC agents also can warn of hostile

NBC activity. However, since these sound and smell cues are not always

reliable, the unit must train its personnel in various Mission Oriented

Protective Posture (MOPP) levels so the unit is competent in all MOPP

conditions and can operate freely, whether it is at MOPP 1 or MOPP 4.

When attackina, the continuous monitoring of forward areas is essential to

preclude a unit from moving into and through a contaminated area without

realizing it. Therefore NBC trained personnel and their equipment must be well

forward. On the defense, units must remain alert, continuously monitor the

environment, and in the appropriate m'!OPP level clothing to insure it is not

surprised by a sudden hostile NBC attack. When NBC agents have been employed

in the unit's vicinity, all leiders down throuah squad must insure their

personnel are informed and able to taKe protective action as required.

TIBOS
-|---- . ' -- - - . .-- :w--*.w ";---;---

White lights must be uscd to "read" the NBC litmus test kit results to

preclude colored light (red or blue) from falsifyinig the results. White light

can be quickly used, under cover of a poncho, and the personnel exposed to the

light can keep one eye closed to minimize night vision degradation.

Dismounted movement at night exposes soldiers to the effects of agents

which are lingering in an area, undetected by testing, but possessing residual

or cummulative effects. Mounted movement in a BIFV can be rapid. Therefore,

the NBC monitoring devices and trained personnel must be placed far enough

forward to give the unit adequate and early detection.

IIB09

* . . . . . . . .-. . .- . . ; ..-.. .. ,, -. i. . .. '- . : .. ; ,, - i .:: - .. . : . . i : - . ._ . - , , . , I
SECTION III

BODY

COURSE TITLE: NIGHT TRAINING (BIFV, M2)

SUBJECT HOURS: 115 (Approximate)

ANNEX TITLE HOURS ANNEX PAGE

STANO Device Training 24 A IIIA01

*Maintenance 18 B IIIB01

Weapons 1 C IIIC0l

Gunnery 10 D IIID01

Tactics 60 E IIIE01 -

Safety 2 F IIIF01
SECTION IV

Training Annexes

ANNEX A: STANO DEVICES

TRAINING OBJECTIVE: A001

TASK: Perform before operating checks on the AN/PVS-4; night vision sight,

individual served weapons (starlight scope).

CONDITION: In darkness, given an AN/PVS-4.

STANDARD: Entire unit will be able to perform all checks IAW

TM 11-5855-312-10 within 10 minutes.

TRAINING OBJECTIVE: A002

TASK: Place AN/PVS-4 into operation.

CONDITION: In darkness, in a tactical environment, given an AN/PVS-4 and

individual weapon.

STANDARD: Entire unit will be able to place the AN/PVS-4 into operation IAW

TM 11-5855-312-10 within 5 minutes.

TRAINING OBJECTIVE: A003

TASK: Utilize an AN/PVS-4 in a surveillance role.

CONDITION: In darkness, in a tactical environment, given an AN/PVS-4 and

individual weapon.

STANDARD: Entire unit will properly employ an AN/PVS-4 and correctly identify

9 of 10 prepositioned/preplanned targets/activities placed within 600 meters

to his front within 60 minutes of continuous observation time. (The SM is to

use the AN/PVS-4 for the full 60 minutes to gain more complete training on the

device.)

TRAINING OBJECTIVE: A004

TASK: Take an AN/PVS-4 out of operation and perform after operations checks.

CONDITION: In darkness, given an AN/PVS-4.

STANDARD: Entire unit will be able to perform all operations IAW TM 11-5855-

312-10 within 5 minutes.

IVA01

.o4
TRAINING OBJECTIVE: A005

TASK: Perform before operating checks on the AN/TVS-4; night observation

device, medium range.

CONDITION: In darkness. given an AN/TVS-4.

STANDARD: CO, XO, PL, PSG, SL, ASL, will be able to perform all checks IAW TM

11-5855-312-10 within 10 minutes.

TRAINING OBJECTIVE: A006

TASK: Place AN/TVS-4 into operation.

CONDITION: In darkness, in a tactical environment, given an AN/TVS-4 and

with tripod.

STANDARD: CO, XO, PL, PSG, SL, ASL, will place the AN/TVS-4 into operation

IAW TM 11-5850-223-13 within 10 minutes.

TRAINING OBJECTIVE: A007

TASK: Utilize an AN/TVS-4 in a surveillance role.

CONDITION: In darkness, in a tactical environment, given an AN/TVS-4 and

with tripod.

STANDARD: CO, XO, PL, PSG, SL, ASL, will properly employ an AN/TVS-4 and

correctly identify 9 of 10 prepositioned/preplanned targets/activities placed

within 2,000 meters to his front within 60 minutes of continuous observation

time. (The soldier is to use the AN/TVS-4 for the full 60 minutes to gain

more complete training on the device.)

TRAINING OBJECTIVE: A008

TASK: Take an AN/TVS-4 out of operation and perform after operations checks.

CONDITION: In darkness, given an AN/TVS-4 with tripod.

STANDARD: CO, XO, PL, PSG, SL, ASL will perform all operations IAW TM 11-

5850-228-13 within 10 minutes.

IVA02

W4
* . ' -7-7K Z' T~,-.~

TRAINING OBJECTIVE: A009

TASK: Perform before operating checks on the AN/TVS-5, crew served weapons

night vision sight.

CONDITION: In darkness, given an AN/TVS-5.

STANDARD: PL, PSG, MGNR, SL, ASL, AR will perform all checks IAW TM 11-5855-

214-10 within 10 minutes.

TRAINING OBJECTIVE: A010

TASK: Place AN/TVS-5 into operation.

CONDITION: In darkness, in a tactical environment, given an AN/TVS-5 and

crew served weapon.

STANDARD: PL, PSG, MGNR, SL, ASL, AR will place the AN/TVS-5 into operation

IAW TM 11-5855-214-10 within 5 minutes.

TRAINING OBJECTIVE: A011

TASK: Utilize an AN/TVS-5 in a surveillance role.

CONDITION: In darkness, in a tactical environment, given an AN/TVS-5 and

crew served weapon.

STANDARD: PL, PSG, MGNR, SL, ASL, AR will properly employ an AN/TVS-5 and

correctly identify 9 of 10 prepositioned/preplanned targets/activities placed

within 1200 meters to his front within 60 minutes of continuous observation

time. (The soldier is to use the AN/TVS-5 for the full 60 minutes to gain

more complete training on the device.)

TRAINING OBJECTIVE: A012

TASK: Take an AN/TVS-5 out of operation and perform after operations checks.

CONDITION: In darkness, given an AN/TVS-5.

STANDARD: CO, PL, PSG, MGNR, SL, ASL perform all operations IAW TM 11-5855-

214-10 within 10 minutes.

IVA03

. . . ... .
TRAINING OBJECTIVE: A013

TASK: Perform before operating checks on the AN/PVS-5, night vision goggles.

CONDITION: In darkness, given an AN/PVS-5.

STANDARD: CO, PL, PSG, MGNR, SL, ASL, perform all checks IAW TM 11-5855-238-

10 within 10 minutes.

TRAINING OBJECTIVE: A014

TASK: Place AN/PVS-5 into operation.

CONDITION: In darkness, in a tactical environment, given an AN/PVS-5.

STANDARD: CO, PL, PSG, MGNR, SL, ASL place the AN/PVS-5 into operation IAW TM

11-5855-238-10 within 10 minutes.

TRAINING OBJECTIVE: A015

TASK: Utilize an AN/PVS-5 in a surveillance role.

CONDITION: In darkness, in a tactical environment, given an AN/PVS-5.

STANDARD: CO, PL, PSG, MGNR, SL, ASL will properly employ an AN/PVS-5 and

correctly identify 9 of 10 prepositioned/preplanned targets/activities placed

within 150 meters to his front within 60 minutes of continuous observation

time. (The soldier is to use the AN/PVS-5 for the full 60 minutes to gain

more complete training on the device.)

TRAINING OBJECTIVE: A016

TASK: Take an AN/PVS-5 out of operation and perform after operations checks.

CONDITION: In darkness, given an AN/PVS-5.

STANDARD: CO, PL, PSG, MGNR, SL, ASL perform all operations IAW TM 11-5855-

238-10 within 10 minutes.

TRAINING OBJECTIVE: A017

TASK: Perform before operating checks on the AN/PAS-7, hand-held thermal

viewer (HHTV).

CONDITION: In darkness, given an AN/PAS-7.

STANDARD: CO, PL, PSG, MGNR perform all checks IAW TM 11-5855-246-10 within

10 minutes.

IVA04
TRAINING OBJECTIVE: A018

TASK: Place AN/PAS-7 into operation.

CONDITION: In darkness, in a tactical environment, given an AN/PAS-7.

STANDARD: CO, PL, PSG, MGNR place the AN/PAS-7 into operation IAW TM 11-5855-

246-10 within 10 minutes.

TRAINING OBJECTIVE: A019

TASK: Utilize an AN/PAS-7 in a surveillance role.

CONDITION: In darkness, in a tactical environment, given an AN/PAS-7.

STANDARD: CO, PL, PSG, MGNR will properly employ an AN/PAS-7 and correctly

identify 9 of 10 prepositioned/preplanned targets/activities placed within

400-1000 meters to his front within 30 minutes of continuous observation tinle.

(The soldier is to use the AN/PAS-7 for the full 30 minutes to gain more

complete training on the device.)

TRAINING OBJECTIVE: A020

TASK: Take an AN/PAS-7 out of operation and perform after operations checks.

CONDITION: In darkness, given an AN/PAS-7.

STANDARD: CO, PL, PSG, MGNR perform all operations IAW TM 11-5855-246-10

within 10 minutes.

TRAINING OBJECTIVE: A021

TASK: Perform before operating checks on the AN/TAS-6; night observation

device, long range.

CONDITION: In darkness, given an AN/TAS-6.

STANDARD: CO, XO, PL, PSG perform all checks IAW TM 11-5855-253-10 within 10

minutes.

TRAINING OBJECTIVE: A022

TASK: Place AN/TAS-6 into operation.

CONDITION: In darkness, in a tactical environment, given an AN/TAS-6.

STANDARD: CO, XO, PL, PSG place the AN/TAS-6 into operation IAW TM 11-5855-

253-10 within 10 minutes.

IVA05

I

-~~~~~~~~. ... ......... -..-.. ........ .-i...ill'...-..-....'. .. A..'.i-..... '
TRAINING OBJECTIVE: A023

TASK: Utilize an AN/TAS-6 in a surveillance role.

CONDITION: In darkness, in a tactical environment, given an AN/TAS-6.

STANDARD: CO, XO, PL, PSG will properly employ an AN/TAS-6 and correctly

identify 9 of 10 prepositioned/preplanned targets/activities placed within

3500 meters to his front within 60 minutes of continuous observation time.

(The soldier is to use the AN/TAS-6 for the full 60 minutes to gain more

complete training on the device.)

TRAINING OBJECTIVE: A024

TASK: Take an AN/TAS-6 out of operation and perform after operations checks.

CONDITION: In darkness, given an AN/TAS-6.

STANDARD: CO, XO, PL, PSG perform all operations IAW TM 11-5855-253-10 within

10 minutes.

TRAINING OBJECTIVE: A025

TASK: Perform before operating checks on the AN/TAS-5, Dragon thermal night

sight (DTNS).

CONDITION: In darkness, given an AN/TAS-5.

STANDARD: PL, PSG, MGNR, SL, ASL, AAS perform all checks IAW TM 9-1425-484-10

within 10 minutes.

TRAINING OBJECTIVE: A026

TASK: Place AN/TAS-5 into operation.

CONDITION: In darkness, in a tactical environment, given an AN/TAS-5.

STANDARD: PL, PSG, MGNR, SL, ASL, AAS place the AN/TAS-5 into operation IAW

TM 9-1425-484-10 within 10 minutes.

IVA06

Lq
TRAINING OBJECTIVE: A027

TASK: Utilize an AN/TAS-5 in a surveillance role.

CONDITION: In darkness, in a tactical environment, given an AN/TAS-5.

STANDARD: PL, PSG, MGNR, SL, ASL, AAS will properly employ an AN/TAS-5 and

correctly identify 9 of 10 prepositioned/preplanned targets/activities placed

within 1000 meters to his front within 30 minutes of continuous observation

time. (The soldier is to use the AN/TAS-5 for the full 30 minutes to gain

more complete training on the device.)

TRAINING OBJECTIVE: A028

TASK: Take an AN/TAS-5 out of operation and perform after operations checks.

CONDITION: In darkness, given an AN/TAS-5.

STANDARD: PL, PSG, MGNR, SL, ASL, AAS perform all operations IAW TM 9-1425-

484-10 within 10 minutes.

TRAINING OBJECTIVE: A029

TASK: Perform before operating checks on the AN/VVS-2; driver's viewer, night

vision.

CONDITION: In darkness, given an AN/VVS-2.

STANDARD: PL, PSG, DVR perform all checks IAW TM 9-2350-252-10 within 5

minutes.

TRAINING OBJECTIVE: A030

TASK: Place AN/VVS-2 into operation.

CONDITION: In darkness, in a tactical environment, given an AN/VVS-2 and

BIFV, 112.

STANDARD: PL, PSG, DVR place the AN/VVS-2 into operation IAW TM 9-2350-252-10

within 5 minutes.

IVA07

F -- - ' ' ' '' ' , £ "l g | - i -l 7 t '. .m . . .- ,• . . . '
TRAINING OBJECTIVE: A031

TASK: Utilize an AN/VVS-2 in a surveillance role.

CONDITION: In darkness, in a tactical environment, given an AN/VVS-2 and

BIFV, M2.

STANDARD: PL, PSG, DVR will properly employ an AN/VVS-2 and correctly

identify 9 of 10 prepositioned/preplanned targets/activities placed within 500

meters to his front within 60 minutes of continuous observation time. (The

soldier is to use the AN/VVS-2 for the full 60 minutes to gain more complete

training on the device.)

TRAINING OBJECTIVE: A032

TASK: Take an AN/VVS-2 out of operation and perform after operations checks.

CONDITION: In darkness, given an AN/VVS-2.

STANDARD: PL, PSG, DVR perform all operations IAW TM 9-2350-252-10 within 5

minutes.

TRAINING OBJECTIVE: A033

TASK: Perform before operating checks on the AN/TRS-2, platoon early warning

system (PEWS).

CONDITION: In darkness, given an AN/TRS-2.

STANDARD: PL, PSG, MGNR, SL perform all checks IAW TM 11-5895-1047-10 within

15 minutes.

TRAINING OBJECTIVE: A034

TASK: Place AN/TRS-2 into operation.

CONDITION: In darkness, in a tactical environment, given an AN/TRS-2.

STANDARD: PL, PSG, MGNR, SL place the AN/TRS-2 into operation IAW TM within

minutes.

IVA08
TRAINING OBJECTIVE: A035

TASK: Utilize an AN/TRS-2 in a '.urveillance role.

CONDITION: In darkness, in a tactical environment, given an AN/TRS-2.

STANDARD: PL, PSG, MGNR, SL will properly employ an AN/TRS-2 and correctly

identify 9 of 10 prepositioned/preplanned targets/activities placed within 15

meters to his front within 60 minutes of continuous observation time. (The

soldier is to use the AN/TRS-2 for the full 60 minutes to gain more complete

training on the device.)

TRAINING OBJECTIVE: A036

TASK: Take an AN/TRS-2 out of operation and perform after operations checks.

CONDITION: In darkness, given an AN/TRS-2.

STANDARD: PL, PSG, MGNR, SL perform all operations IAW TM within 30 minutes.

TRAINING OBJECTIVE: A037

TASK: Utilize M19 (7x50) military binoculars in a night surveillance role.

CONDITION: In darkness, in a tactical environment, given the MI19 binoculars.

STANDARD: Entire unit will properly employ the M19 binoculars and correctly

identify 9 of 10 prepositioned targets/activities placed within 1000 meters to

his front within 30 minutes of continuous observation time. (The soldier is

to use the M19 binoculars for the full 30 minutes to gain more complete

training on the binoculars.)

IVA 
im

ANNEX B: MAINTENANCE

TRAINING OBJECTIVE: BOO1

TASK: Perform preventive maintenance checks and services on the hull of a

Bradley M2 (071-324-1008).

CONDITION: At night, given a Bradley M2 with basic issue items (BII), TM 9-

2350-252-10-1, LO 9-2350-252-12, DA Form 2404, pencil, and one assistant.

STANDARD: CO, XO, PL, PSG, MGNR, SL, ASL within 2 hours, perform before- a

operation (B), during-operation (D), after-operation (A) PMCS, to include

lubricating and troubleshooting the Bradley M2 IAW the instructions listed in

TM 9-2350-252-12, and insure all uncorrected faults are noted on DA Form 2404.

TRAINING OBJECTIVE: B002

TASK: Inspect an Infantry Fighting Vehicle (M2) for accurate crew PMCS.

CONDITION: At night, given an operator's manual for the vehicle, ompleted

Form 2404, and tracked vehicle (M2).

STANDARD: CO, XO, PL, PSG, MGNR, SL, ASL within 3 hours, all deficiencies and

70 percent of the vehicle's shortcomings must have been recorded on a DA Form

2404.

TRAINING OBJECTIVE: B003

TASK: Break/join track on a M2 Bradley (071-324-6007).

CONDITION: At night, given a M2 Bradley with basic issue items (BII), grease

(GAA), and one assistant.

STANDARD: PL, PSG, MGNR, SL, ASL, GNR, DVR within 2 hours; IAW TM 9-2350-252-

10-1 and STP 7-11Ml-SM, disconnect and connect track without causing damage to

the track suspension system or injury to personnel.

TRAINING OBJECTIVE: B004

TASK: Remove and replace a track shoe.

CONDITI3N: At night, acting as a vehicle commander or crew member, given a M2,

all necessary tools, and TM 9-2350-252-10.

STANDARD: PL, PSG, MGNR, SL, ASL, GNR, DVR employ the sequence and procedures

to remove and replace a track shoe consisting of disconnecting track, removing

track shoe, installing track shoe, connecting track in accordance with TM 9-

2350-252-10, within 2 hours.

IVBO1
TRINING OBJECTIVE: B005

TASK: Tow/tow-start a M2 Bradley (SM 071-324-6021).

CONDITION: At night, given a M2 Bradley with basic issue items (BII), a

similar operational vehicle with driver and vehicle commander for the towed

nonoperational vehicle.

STANDARD: PL, PSG, MGNR, SL, ASL, GNR, DVR within 1 hour, IAW FM 21-2 and TM

9-1005-249-10, tow/tow-start the M2 Bradley without causing damage to equipment

or injury to personnel.

TRAINING OBJECTIVE: B006

TASK: Perform before-, during-, and after-operation maintenance on a BIFV

turret.

CONDITION: At night, given a BIFV with BII complete, 25mm automatic gun and

M240C machinegun installed, DA Forms 2404 and 2408-14, vehicle logbook, and TM

9-2350-252-10-2.

STANDARD: The PL, PSG, MGNR, SL, ASL, GNR, DVR must perform before-, during-,

and after-operation checks on the BIFV turret to include locating all faults

and correcting or reporting them to organizational maintenance within 2 hours.

TRAINING OBJECTIVE: B007

TASK: Perform operator maintenance and inspect an MI6AI rifle.

CONDITION: At night, given training in accordance with Task No. 071-311-2001,

FM 21-2, and the PMCS in TM 9-1005-249-10 w/c 1.

STANDARD: Within 1 hour, PL, PSG, MGNR, SL, ASL will be familiar with the

procedure and be required to actually perform operator maintenance upon

completion of battlesight zero.

TRAINING OBJECTIVE: B008

TASK: Perform operator maintenance on an M231 firing port weapon (SH 071-311-

6001).

CONDITION: At night, given a cleared M231 firing port weapon (FPW), magazine

small arms cleaning kit, STP 7-11M2-SM, and TM 9-2350-252-10-2.

STANDARD: PL, PSG, MGNR, SL, ASL within 1 hour, disassemble, inspect, clean,

lubricate, and assemble the '!231 FWP an- have the weapon pass a function check

without causing injury to operator or damage to equipment. Defective parts

that cannot be corrected by the operator are reported to organizational

maintenance personnel.

IVB02
TRAINING OBJECTIVE: B009

TASK: Perform operator maintenance on an M240C machinegun.

CONDITION: At night, given an M2 with an installed M240C machinegun that has

been cleared, an M240 machinegun cleaning kit, and TM 9-1005-315-10-2.

STANDARD: PL, PSG, MGNR, SL, ASL, GNR within 1.5 hours, remove, disassemble,

inspect, clean, lubricate, assemble, and install the M240C machinegun and pass

a functions check without injury to operator or damage to equipment.

TRAINING OBJECTIVE: BOO

TASK: Perform operator maintenance on a 25mm automatic gun.

CONDITION: At night, given an M2 with an installed 25mm automatic gun which

has been cleared, a 25mm gun cleaning kit, and TM 9-2350-252-10-2.

STANDARD: PL, PSG, MGNR, SL, ASL, GNR within 2 hours, remove, disassemble,

inspect, clean, lubricate, assemble, install, and time the 25mm automatic gun

so that it functions properly without injury to operator or damage to

equipment.

TRAIN4ING OBJECTIVE: BOll

TASK: Perform operator maintenance on M257 smoke grenade launcher.

CONDITION: At night, given a BIFV, with the M257 smoke grenade launchers

attached, master power off, turret power off, eight dummy smoke grenades, and

cleaning equipment.

STANDARD: PL, PSG, MGNR, SL, ASL, GNR within .5 hour, inspect, clean and

lubricate the 1257 smoke grenade launcher without causing injury to operator or

damage to equipment and IAW TM 9-2350-10-2.

I B C~
ANNEX C: WEAPONS

TRAINING OBJECTIVE: C001

TASK: Disassemble, assemble, and perform a functions check on the M16AI rifle,

and disassemble and assemble the magazine for the M16Al rifle.

CONDITION: At night, given an Ml6Al rifle and magazine.

STANDARD: PL, PSG, MGNR, SL, ASL, GNR, DVR, RATELO, AAS, G, R/S disassemble

the M16A1 rifle within 2 minutes and assemble it within 2 minutes, disassemble

the magazine for the Ml6A1 rifle within 1 minute and assemble it within 1

minute, and perform the functions check without missing any steps in accordance

with FM 23-9, Chapter 2, Section II.

TRAINING OBJECTIVE: C002

TASK: Disassemble, assemble, and perform a functions check on the M203 grenade

launcher, and identify the four major groups of ammunition for the M203 at

night.

CONDITION: At night, given an M203 grenade launcher and dummy ammunition and

STP 7-11MI-SM.

STANDARD: PL, PSG, SL, ASL, G disassemble the M203 within 2 minutes and

assemble it within 2 minutes, perform the functions check within 1 minute, and

identify the four major groups of ammunition in accordance with soldier's

manual.

TRAINING OBJECTIVE: C003

TASK: Disassemble and assemble the squad automatic weapon.

CONDITION: At night, given an M249 squad automatic weapon.

STANDARD: PL, PSG, MGNR, SL, ASL, AR without error, disassemble the M249 squad

automatic weapon within 4 minutes and assemble the M249 squad automatic weapon

within 4 minutes in accordance with TM 9-1005-201-10.

TRAINING OBJECTIVE: C004

TASK: Install and remove the M231 firing port weapon.

CONDITION: At night, given an M2 and a firing port weapon.

STANDARD: All platoon personnel will, within 4 minutes, install and remove the

* firing port weapon without causing damage to equipment or injury to personnel.

IVC01
TRAINING OBJECTIVE: C005

TASK: Load/unload and clear the M231 FPW (SM 071-311-6003).

CONDITION: At night, given an M231 firing port weapon (FPW), magazine, 30

rounds of 5.56mm tracer ammunition, and STP 7-11M2-SM.

STANDARD: All platoon personnel will inspect, clean, and load ammunition into

the magazine. Load the FPW so that it is ready to fire. Within 2 minutes

load, unload, and clear the FPW without damaging equipment or injuring

personnel.

TRAINING OBJECTIVE: C006

TASK: Perform misfire procedures on a M231 firing port weapon (SM 071-311-

6004).

CONDITION: At night, given a M2 Bradley, a magazine loaded with 5.56mm tracer

ammunition, a 1,1231 firing port weapon (FPW) that fails to fire, and STP 7-11M2-

SM.

STANDARD: All platoon personnel will within 1 minute perform misfire

procedures without damaging equipment or injuring personnel.

TRAINING OBJECTIVE: C007

TASK: Select appropriate 40mm ammunition for the M203 grenade launcher.

CONDITION: At night, given five different rounds of 40mm ammunition to include: HEDP M433; CS M651; Star Parachute M583 (White), M662 (Red), M661

(Green); Star Cluster M585 (White), M663 (Green), M664 (Red); Smoke, Ground

Marker, M715 (Green), M716 (Yellow), M713 (Red). Given the requirement to

match the correct ammunition for a specific intended use and FM 23-3.

STANDARD: PL, PSG, SL, ASL, G within 5 minutes correctly match the types of

ammunition for its intended use as follows:

A. Ammo: HEDP. Use: Against exposed personnel, light armored vehicles, and

moderately fortified fighting positions. B. AMMO: CS. Use: To drive the

enemy from bunkers or enclosed positions in built-up areas. C. Ammo: Star

Parachute. Use: To signal and illuminate. D. Ammo: Star Cluster. Use: To

signal only. E. Ammo: Smoke. Use: To mark targets and locations, not for

screening.

IVC02
TRAINING OBJECTIVE: C008

TASK: Load/unload a TOW launcher on a Bradley M2 (SM 071-316-3009).

CONDITION: At night, given a Bradley M2 with basic issue items (BII), TOW

launcher in load position, TOW missles and STP 7-11M1-SM.

STANDARD: PL, PSG, MGNR, SL, ASL, RATELO, AAS, AR, G, R/S within 2 minutes

inspect TOW missiles and luancher. Load TOW missles into launcher so that it

is ready to fire. Unload and clear TOW launcher without causing any damage to

equipment or personnel.

TRAINING OBJECTIVE: C009

TASK: Remove a misfired TOW missle from a Bradley M2 (SM 071-316-3015).

CONDITION: Given a Bradley M2 with turret at either 1600 mils or 4800 mils,

the TOW launcher raised to firing position, all hatches closed, a misfired

missile that failed to launch after the gunner applied immediate action, a

voice directive to unload a misfired missle in number 1 or number 2 launch

tube, a TOW that has been selected, an assistant, and STP 7-11MI-SM.

STANDARD: PL, PSG, MGNR, SL, ASL, RATELO, AAS, AR, G, R/S within 2 minutes

remove misfired TOW missile from a fighting vehicle, making sure the missile is

kept pointed away from friendly troops so that no equipment is damaged and no

personnel are hurt.

IVC03

.. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . -1. . . . . .
ANNEX D: GUNNERY

TRAINING OBJECTIVE: D001

TASK: Identify target signature.

CONDITION: In a training area, at night; and using audio/visual aids, given FM

23-9, TC 23-11, STP 7-11M2-SM.

STANDARD: Within .5 hour, CO, PL, PSG, MGNR, SL, ASL, GNR must identify seven

out of 10 various signatures that will reveal target location.

TRAINING OBJECTIVE: D002

TASK: Identify friendly and enemy combat vehicles.

CONDITION: At night, given a simulated combat situation in a mounted or

dismounted role with assorted targets at ranges from 300 to 3,000 meters, and

STP 7-11M2-SM.

STANDARD: CO, PL, PSG, MGNR, SL, ASL, GNR must identify type of target as

friendly or enemy, within 2 minutes.

TRAINING OBJECTIVE: D003

TASK: Identify the characteristics and capabilities of combat vehicles.

CONDITION: At night, given the characteristics and capabilities of NATO and

Soviet combat vehicles, given STP 7-11MI-SM, 7-11M2-SM, and FM 23-1.

STANDARD: Entire unit must correctly identify six NATO and six Soviet combat

vehicles, and state their general capabilities, within 30 seconds.

TRAINING OBJECTIVE: D004

TASK: Issue a fire command.

CONDITION: At night, given a BIFV stationary or moving at speeds of 15 to 20

miles per hour, simulated targets at ranges of 0 to 3,750 meters and FM 23-1,

TM 9-23-50-252-10-2, STP 7-11-11-SM, 7-11M2-SM.

STANDARD: Entire unit will be able to initiate the appropriate fire command

within 5 seconds.

IVD01

IF
TRAINING OBJECTIVE: D005

TASK: Track a moving target.

CONDITION: At night, given a stationary BIFV with master power switch on,

handbrake set, the turret and ISU placed into night operation, the turret drive

switch on, travel lock engaged, four tracking exercise lines (progressing from

easy to difficult) simulating BMP/BRDM targets, and references (FM 23-1, TM 9-

2350-250-10-2, STPs 7-llMl(2)-SM.

STANDARD: CO, PL, PSG, MGNR, SL, ASL, GNR, DVR must track each simulated

target while keeping the 1-mil reticle circle between the parallel lines.

Complete one tracking cycle (top to bottom or bottom to top) within the time

standard listed below:

Target Speed (Sim) Tracking Cycle

5 MPH (8 KPH) 180 seconds

15 MPH (24 KPH) 60 seconds

25 MPH (36 KPH) 40 seconds

TRAINING OBJECTIVE: D006

TASK: Prepare a range card for an M2 Bradley (SM 071-324-2003).

CONDITION: Given an M2 Bradley during daylight hours, a stationary firing

position, a sector of fire, and night RPs at lO00m, 2000m, and 3000m.

STANDARD: The CO, PL, PSG, MGNR, SL, ASL, GNR will prepare a range card that

includes a sketch section, which is a representative sketch of the terrain, and

a data section, sectors of fire, and military symbols.

TRAINING OBJECTIVE: D007

TASK: Engage targets from a stationary BIFV.

CONDITION: At night, given an M2 in a hull defilade position, with BIFV M2

MILES mounted, moving T-71 silhouettes (1,500 to 1,800 meters), stationary or

moving BMP, BRDM, or ZSU-23-4 silhouettes (800 to 2,500 meters), and troop

silhouettes (600 to 800 meters), and references (FM 23-1, TM 9-2350-252-10-2,

STPs 7-11M1(2)-SM).

STANDARD: CO, PL, PSG, MGNR, SL, ASL, GNR obtain a direct hit on a moving tank

silhouette with one TOW MILES, launch missile within 15 seconds after target

exposure, kill (five rounds on the target) all single stationary targets within

15 seconds using 10 rounds per target, kill all multiple moving and/or

stationary targets (BMP, BRD, and ZSU-23-4).

IVD02
I XW~lI% 

TRAINING OBJECTIVE: D008

TASK: Engage targets from a moving BIFV.

CONDITION: At night, given a moving BIFV, with BIFV M2 MILES mounted,

stationary and/or moving BMP or BRDM silhouettes (600 to 2,000 meters), and

troop silhouettes (600 to 800 meters), and references (FM 23-1, TM 9-2350-252-

10-2, STPs 7-11Ml(2)-SM).

STANDARD: CO, PL, PSG, MGNR, SL, ASL, GNR will kill (two rounds on target) all

single stationary targets within 20 seconds using 10 rounds of 25mm MILES

ammunition per target. Kill all multiple moving and/or stationary

targets (BMP, BRDM, and ZSU-23-4) within 40 seconds using 10 MILES rounds per

target, and suppress all troop targets within seconds using 100 rounds of

*. 7.62mm MILES ammunition.

TRAINING OBJECTIVE: D009

TASK: Engage targets with the 25mm automatic gun.

CONDITION: Given a BIFV which is stationary or moving at the speed of 15 to 20 miles per hour, turret power on, turret drive on, ARM-SAFE-RESET switch on

safe, 25mm gun MILES and stationary or moving BMP, BRDM, ZSU 23-4 silhouettes

at a range of 800 to 2,500 meters, and references (FM 23-1, TM 9-2350-252-10-2,

STPs 7-11Ml(2)-SM).

STANDARD: CO, PL, PSG, MGNR, SL, ASL, GNR will engage single or multiple

staionary or moving lightly armored vehicle silhouettes within 30 seconds from

a stationary BIFV.

TRAINING OBJECTIVE: DO10

TASK: Use limited visiblity firing techniques with an Ml6Al rifle (071-311-

2006).

CONDITION: As a member of a rifle squad in a defensive position during

daylight, given an M16AI rifle, a magazine and ammunition, sticks or rocks and

a board or log available in the area, with instructions on the individual's

preplanned sector of fire for use during limited visibility and left and right

limits.

STANDARD: PL, PSG, MGNR, SL, ASL, RATELO, AAS, R/S will within 30 minutes

emplace and align aiming and firing stakes on identifiable probable enemy

avenues of approach, assault positions, and automatic weapons positions.

Include left and right limiting stakes (one may be the parapet) indicating the

preplanned sector of fire. When the weapon is employed using the stakes, the

rounds can be placed on selected target areas/positions or are within the

sector of fire (final protective fire [FPF] or fires on sector limits must be

grazing fire).

IVD03

?,
TRAINING OBJECTIVE: DO11

TASK: Zero an AN/PVS-4 to an M16AI rifle (071-315-2307).

CONDITION: During daylight or darkness, given an AN/PVS-4 mounted on a zeroed

MI6Al rifle, a magazine with 18 rounds of ammunition, a silhouette target 25

meters from the firing point, and sandbags.

NOTE: Ensure that the AN/PVS-4 has the M16, M203 sight reticle installed.

STANDARD: PL, PSG, MGNR, SL, ASL, RATELO, AAS, R/S will within 1 hour place

the center of a three-round shot group 7 centimeters, or five squares, below

the target aiming point.

NOTE: The sight may be zeroed during daylight or darkness. If done during

daylight, the daylight cover must be used.

CAUTION: Prolonged use of the sight under high light without a daylight cover

will damage the image intensifier assembly.

TRAINING OBJECTIVE: D012

TASK: Engage targets with an MI6Al rifle using an AN/PVS-4 (071-315-2308).

CONDITION: During darkness, given an Ml6Al rifle with a mounted and zeroed

AN/PVS-4, one silhouette target between 50 and 100 meters, one at 150 meters

and one between 200 and 250 meters, and one M16AI magazine with rounds of

ammunition.

STANDARD: PL, PSG, MGNR, SL, ASL, RATELO, AAS, R/S will within 5 minutes fire

all 18 rounds and hit the targets a minimum of-aine times (there must be a

minimum of five hits on the 150-meter target and a minimum of two hits each on

the 50- to 100-meter target and the 200- to 250-meter target).

TRAINING OBJECTIVE: D013

TASK: Use limited visibility firing techniques with an M203 grenade launcher

(071-311-2105).

CONDITION: As a member of a rifle squad in a defensive position during

daylight, given an M203 grenade launcher, M203 practice rounds, sticks or rocks

and boards or logs available in the area, instructions on the individual's

preplanned sectors of fire for use during limited visibility, and left and

right limits.

STANDARD: Grenadier will within 30 minutes construct and place out aiming and

firing stakes that will cause rounds to hit targets during periods of limited

visibility in sector of fire, deadspace, likely avenues of enemy approach, and

enemy assault positions.

IVD04

I.
, 

,

TRAINING OBJECTIVE: D014

TASK: Zero an AN/PVS-4 to an M203 grenade launcher.

CONDITION: During daylight or darkness on a zero firing range, given a

magazine with 18 rounds of 5.56mm ammuntiion, a silhouette target 25 meters

from the firing point, and sandbags.

CAUTION: Prolonged use of the sight under high light without a daylight cover

will damage the image intensifier assembly.

STANDARD: Grenadier will, within 60 minutes, zero the AN/PVS-4 to the M203 so

that the AN/PVS-4 reticle is aligned on the target aiming point and the center

of the shot group is 9.8 centimeters below the target aiming point and 4.2

centimeters to the right.

TRAINING OBJECTIVE: D015

TASK: Engage target with an M203 grenade launcher using an AN/PVS-4 (071-315- 2352).

CONDITION: During darkness on an M203 range with a target at 200 meters, given

a zeroed M203 with an AN/PVS-4 mounted and three rounds of 40mm ammunition.

STANDARD: Within 3 minutes, Grenadier will, from a prone support position,

engage a target at 200 meters and place two out of the three rounds within 5

meters of the target.

* TRAINING OBJECTIVE: D016

* TASK: Zero an AN/PVS-4 to an M60 machinegun (071-315-2313).

CONDITION: During daylight or darkness, on a firing range with targets at a

distance of 25 meters, given a zeroed M60 machinegun with a mounted AN/PVS-4

and 20 rounds of ammunition.

STANDARD: Within 60 minutes, Auto Rifleman will zero the AN/PVS-4 to the M60

machinegun so that when complete the shot group is 11.9 centimeters or 8 1/2

squares directly below the target aiming point.

TRAINING OBJECTIVE: D017

TASK: Engage a target with an M60 mahcinegun using an AN/PVS-4.

CONDITION: Given a zeroed M460 machinegun with an AN/PVS-4 nightsight mounted,

target(s), 7.62mm ammunition, and a sector of responsibility.

STANDARD: Within 5 minutes, Auto Rifleman will acquire and effectively engage

the target or targets.

IVD05
NOTE: The M249 and the AN/PVS-4 are not currently compatible. Developmental

efforts will provide a bracket which will allow mounting the AN/PVS-4 on the

M249. The following training objectives are provided for future use.

TRAINING OBJECTIVE: D018

TASK: Zero an AN/PVS-4 to a M249 Squad Automatic Weapon (SAW).

CONDITION: During daylight or darkness, on a firing range with targets at a

distance of 25 meters, given a zeroed M249 SAW with a mounted AN/PVS-4 and 20

rounds of ammunition.

STANDARD: Within 50 minutes, Auto Rifleman will zero the AN/PVS-4 to the M249

SAW so that when complete the shot group is 11.9 centimeters or 8 1/2 squares

directly below the target aiming point.

TRAINING OBJECTIVE: D019

TASK: Engage a target with a M249 Squad Automatic Weapon (SAW) using an

AN/PVS-4.

CONDITION: Given a zeroed M249 SAW with an AN/PVS-4 night sight mounted,

target(s), 5.56mm ammunition, and a sector of responsibility.

STANDARD: Within 5 minutes, Auto Rifleman will acquire and effectively engage

the target or targets.

IVD06

...... ..............................
ANNEX E: TACTICS

NOTE: Leader tasks may be conducted during daylight in garrison to maximize

the utilization of time in the night training field location.

TRAINING OBJECTIVE: E001

TASK: As a commander, CO, XO, PL will write paragraphs 2 and 3 of an operation

order for an Infantry company night attack.

CONDITION: Given a battalion fragmentary order, a tactical situation, a map,

and references (FM 7-10, -20; 100-5).

*" STANDARD: Within 60 minutes: A. Paragraph 2 must include the who, what,

when, where, and why of the operation. B. Paragraph 3 must include a scheme

of maneuver based on the factors of METT, a fire support plan which complements

the scheme of maneuver, subordinate unit subparagraphs, and coordinating

instructions to include a plan for the consolidation and reorganization on the

objective and locations of critical control measures.

TRAINING OBJECTIVE: E002

TASK: As a commander, CO, XO, PL will write a company night reconnaissance and

surveillance plan.

CONDITION: Use TC 30-28, a reconnaissance and surveillance plan from

battalion, and references (FM 7-20; 71-1, -2; 7-7J).

STANDARD: Within 30 minutes, the company night reconnaissance and surveillance

plan must be in accordance with the requirements of the battalion

reconnaissance and surveillance plan and must support the TF OPSEC, INTELL and

operations plans and be IAW TC 30-28, page 31.

TRAINING OBJECTIVE: E003

TASK: CO, XO, PL will determine the key considerations involved in the

planning and execution of a company night attack.

CONDITION: Given 30 minutes, use TT 71-2J, TF OPORD, and references (FM 7-7J,

-20; 71-1, -2).

STANDARD: The Platoon Leader or Commander must be able to describe orally or

in writing the techniques and considerations for the employment of illumination

and STAUO devices, techniques of command and control, navigation,

identification, coordination and use of supporting fires that are peculiar to

the conduct of a limited visibility attack, in accordance with TT 71-2J, pages

4-91 through 4-103 and Appendix F.

IVE01

6-6.
TRAINING OBJECTIVE: E004

TASK: As a commander; CO, XO, PL will determine a task organization and write

paragraph 3 of the TM operations order.

CONDITION: Given 60 minutes, additional information about the enemy, a brigade

operations order and the TF commander's guidance using TT 71-2J as a reference.

STANDARD: The task organization must support the scheme of maneuver.

Paragraph 3 must address those key considerationsfor conducting limited

visibility operations.

TRAINING OBJECTIVE: E005

TASK: Modify and refine the original plan, based on the changing tactical

situation.

CONDITION: Given 15 minutes, a change in the tactical situation, TT 71-2J, and

the original OPORD developed previously, while serving as a battalion/TF

commander or staff officer.

STANDARD: Platoon-Leaders and Commanders will prepare in writing and orally

brief a fragmentary order which, when implemented, will offer the greatest

change of successful mission accomplishment.

TRAINING OBJECTIVE,: E006

TASK: CO, XO, PL will plan a night defense with a BIFV company.

CONDITION: Acting as a company commander in the *field during a TEWT, given 60

minutes, a task force operation order with map and overlays, and references (FM

7-7J; .71-1, -2).

STANDARD: Company Commander will conduct a reconnaissance and develop a

commander's estimate. The reconnaissance must include sighting of all major

weapon systems,".obstacles, indirect fire, and logistics.

TRAINING OBJECTIVE: E007

TASK: CO, XO, PL will plan for the night occupation of a BIFV company

defensive battle position.

CONDITION: Given a company OPORD and overlay, acting as a company commander

with 30 minutes to complete the task, and references (FM 5-34; 7-10, -20).

STANDARD: The company commander's plan must ensure occupation is complete by

the time designated, security is established and maintained throughout, and

that proper coordination is effected so that minimum change to the layout will

be necessary at first light.

IVE02
TRAINING OBJECTIVE: E008 I

TASK: CO, XO, PL will plan a company delay operation.

CONDITION: As a company commander in the field, given a mission statement,

general situation, a task organization, and FM 71-2J.

STANDARD: Within 1-1/2 hours, the commander must develop paragraphs 2 and 3 of

the company operation order with accompanying overlay. The order must be

tactically sound.

TRAINING OBJECTIVE: E009

TASK: CO, XO, PL will prepare a company night withdrawal order.

CONDITION: In a field environment, present an oral operation order, as a

commander, given FM 71-2J.

STANDARD: Company Commander must successfully apply sound tactical principles.

TRAINING OBJECTIVE: EOO

TASK: CO, XO, PL will compare a night hasty attack and a deliberate night

attack on urbanized terrain.

CONDITION: In a field environment, given 30 minutes.

STANDARD:: The Company Commander and Platoon Leaders must verbally express that

the hasty attack hat three common tasks (find a weak point, fix forward enemy

elements, and quickly move through or- around the weak point)-and that the

deliberate attack has three phases (isolate the area, secure a foothold and

clear the area). He should also point out that the main differences between a

hasty and a deliberate attack at night are the amount of reconnaissance,

coordination, and planning time. This explanation will be IAW FM 90-10, page

2-13, and FM 90-10-,!, pages 3-5 through 3-8.

TRAINING OBJECTIVE: E011

TASK: CO, XO, PL will complete paragraph 3 of a company operation order.

CONDITION: Given 60 minutes, a tactical situation and mission in a field

environment.

STANDARD: Paragraph 3 must contain the concept of operation, subordinate

instructions for combat and combat support assets, and coordinating

instructions. This paragraph should be based upon the company commander's or

platoon leader's analysis of METT and be IAW FM 90-10-1, Chapter 3.

IVE03
TRAINING OBJECTIVE: E012

TASK: CO, XO, PL will plan a night movement to contact.

CONDITION: At night, given 60 minutes, as the leader of a Bradley M2 platoon

that is the lead platoon of a company/company team about to conduct a movement

to contact, given an axis of advance, a march objective to seize or bypass, and

an enemy situation which is vague.

STANDARD: IAW FM 7-7J, select a route, establish movement control measures and

tire control measures, and designate platoon weapons-ready posture.

TRAINING OBJECTIVE: E013

TASK: Acting as a Company Commander; CO, XO, PL will complete paragraph 4 of a

company operation order.

CONDITION: Given 30 minutes, a tactical situation and mission in field

environment.

STANDARD: Company Commander and Platoon Leaders must insure that paragraph 4

includes instructions tor the movement of the company trains, provisions for

the evacuation of wounded, handling of POWs, vehicle recovery and refueling,

and instructions on meals and ammunition. These instructions should be IAW FM

90-10-1, Chapter 3.

TRAINING OBJECTIVE: E014

TASK: CO, XO, PL will prepare a company operation order for night defense of

urbanized terrain.

CONDITION: Given 120 minutes, the commander's decision and concept and the

battalion operation order, while acting as a company commander in a field

environment.

STANDARD: Company Commander and Platoon Leaders insure that the operation

order must be consistent with the tactical doctrine in FM 90-10, Chapter 3,

pages 3-13 to 3-42; FM 71-2, Chapter 5, pages 5-16 to 5-32, Appendix B,

Appendix F, pages F-i to F-4, F-8, and F-9; and FM 100-5, Chapter 14, pages 14-

15 to 14-27.

IVE04
TRAINING OBJECTIVE: E015

TASK: CO, XO, PL, PSG will plan for the use of indirect fire, smoke, and

illumination.

CONDITICN: In a field environment, given 60 minutes, a tactical situation that

calls for battlefield obscuration or illumination and FM 60-20, 101-31-1.

STANDARD: The Co.mander must select the appropriate obscurant or illumination

projectile based on the characteristics of the munitions. The placement of the

munition must be consistent with the commander's guidance, scheme of maneuver,

munition availability and weather.

TRAINING OBJECTIVE: E016

TASK: Identify the different forms of battlefield obsuration.

CONDITION: In the field, FC 21-41, and 15 minutes.

STANDARD: The Company Commander and Y'latoon Leaders must correctly identify

and describe four forms of battlefield cbscuration in accordance with FC 21-41,

FMs 3-4, -50, -87, -100.

TRAINING OBJECTIVE: E017

TASK: CO, XO, PL will list the advantages and disadvantages of operations

during obscured battlefield conditions.

CONDITION: In the field, given 15 minutes, and FC 21-41.

STANDARD: Correctly list at least two advantages and disadvantages of

operations during obscured battlefield conditions in accordance with Chapter 6,

FC 21-41.

TRAINING OBJECTIVE: E013

TASK: CO, XO, PL will list and define four applications of smoke.

CONDITION: In the field without references, given 30 minutes.

STANDARD: IAW Fis 3-4, -50, -37, -100 the applications should be listed and

dtfinc:d as follows, or words to that effect: A. Obscuring smoke is employed

on tn.my positions. It dr'qrades the enemy's vision both within and beyond his

locaticn. Smcke dulivered on an enemy antitank guided missile (ATG'M) position

may prevent the enecny trom sceing or tracking targets, thereby reducing

etfecti-.eness. Emplcymnt of obscurina smoke on in attacking armored force may

cause i. to reduce speed, change its direction, duploy prematurely, and/or rely

on non',isual means of command and control. Obscuring smoke may also be

emplloyAd on forward observers to limit target acquisition capability. B.

Screening sooke is employed within areas of friendly operation or in areas

IVE05
between friendly and enemy forces to degrade enemy ground and aerial

observation and fire. C. Deceiving smoke is used to deceive the enemy

regarding US intentions. For example, smoke can be employed on several avenues

of approach to confuse the enemy as to the actual avenue of the main

attack. D. Identifying/signaling smoke is employed to identify targets,

supply and evacuation points, and friendly unit positions. It is also used to

provide for prearranged battlefield communications.

TRAINING OBJECTIVE: E019

TASK: CO, XO, PL will list and describe three types of screening smoke.

CONDITION: In the field without reference, given 30 minutes.

STANDARD: IAW FMs 3-4, -50, -87, -100 the types of screening smoke should be

listed and defined as follows, or words to that effect. A. Smoke blanket is

used primarily over friendly areas to screen them from enemy visual observation

and hinder enemy aerial observation. The use of a smoke blanket may restrict

movement and activity within the screen, thus hampering operations of friendly

troops. The smoke blanket is produced by smoke generators. B. A smoke haze

is used to hinder aerial and ground observation by concealing the location of

friendly units. The smoke haze increases the survivability of friendly forces

without reducing visibility of friendly forces to such an extent that the

mission cannot be accomplished. It is produced by smoke generators. C. A

smoke curtain is a dense vertical development of smoke rather than a

horizontal blanket over an area. It is placed between friendly and enemy

positions. It is used to obscure or restrict enemy ground observation of

friendly positions and activities. It does not prevent enemy aerial

observation. Aircraft-mounted smoke systems are best for producing hasty smoke

curtains.

TRAINING OBJECTIVE: E020

TASK: CO, XO will describe Soviet/Warsaw Pact smoke doctrine and capabilities.

CONDITION: Given FC 21-41 and 15 minutes.

STANDARD: Identify one Soviet/Warsaw Pact use and source of smoke in

accordance with Chapter 6, FC 21-41.

TRAINING OBJECTIVE: E021

TASK: CO, XO will describe Soviet/Warsaw Pact smoke effects on US electrooptical observation/weapon systems.

CONDITION: Given FC 21-41 and 15 minutes.

STANDARD: Correctly describe the effects of Soviet/Warsaw Pact smoke on one US

electro-optical observation/weapon system in accordance with Chapter 6, FC 21-

41.

IVE06
TRAINING OBJECTIVE: E022

TASK: CO, XO, PL will plan for the employment and calculate the number of

smoke pots required to accomplish a mission.

CONDITION: In the field; given 20 minutes, a mission situation requiring

employment of smoke and the charts and nomographs booklet FC 21-46 and FC 21-

41.

STANDARD: Calculate the spacing between smoke pot positions, distance from

smoke line to the near edge of the area to be smoked, and the total number of

smoke pots required to accomplish the mission in accordance with Chapter 6, FC

21-41.

TRAINING OBJECTIVE: E023

TASK: CO, XO, PL, PSG, MGNR, SL, ASL analyze the considerations to be made to

conduct an operation during periods of limited visibility.

CONDITION: Given FM 90-10-1 and 15 minutes.

STANDARD: Analysis for offense and defense is to comply with FM 90-10-1,

Chapters 3 and 4.

TRAINING OBJECTIVE: E024

TASK: CO, XO, PL will plan fires to support either an offensive or defensive

operation.

CONDITION: In a field environment, given 15 minutes, and a tactical situation.

STANDARD: For offensive operations, soldier must plan for fire from the line

of departure to the objective, on top of the objective, and beyond the

objective. For defensive operations, soldier must plan for fire in front of

the position, on top of the position and behind the position. Fires must be

planned on all known, suspected, and likely enemy locations that influence the

unit's area of operation. Fires must be planned on prominent terrain features

through the battle area. Fires must be planned without regard to weapon

capabilities or unit boundaries in accordance with FC 7-170, Chapter 4.

TRAINING OBJECTIVE: E025

TASK: CO, XO, PL, PSG, MGNR, SL will determine direction using celestial

bodies.

CONDITION: In a field environment, given five situations and a pencil.

STANDARD: Within 10 minutes, determine the correct direction in four of the

five situations, and IAW FM 5-36.

IVE07
TRAINING OBJECTIVE: E026

TASK: All unit personnel will navigate from one position on the ground to

another point.

CONDITION: Given FM 21-26, a standard 1:50,000 scale military map, compass, a

coordinate scale and protractor, and designated start and finish points no more

than 3,000 meters apart. The field location of the task should appear on the

military map and contain varying types of terrain. Weather conditions should

not be considered a limiting factor.

STANDARD: Within 2 hours, move from the start point to the finish point.

TRAINING OBJECTIVE: E027 1

TASK: All unit personnel will determine distance while moving between two

points on the ground.

CONDITION: Given FM 21-26, a 600-meter pace course, a pace factor conversion

table to determine your pace count, and a requirement to move by foot over

varying types of terrain during night hours in all types of weather from a

start point to a finish point not less than 500 meters nor greater than 700

meters in length.

STANDARD: Determine the distance between the start point and finish point to

within 5 percent of the actual distance in a maximum of 90 minutes.

TRAINING OBJECTIVE: E028

TASK: All uit personnel will navigate from one point on the ground to another,

utilizing dead reckoning.

CONDITION: Given FM 21-26, using the technique of dead reckoning, in the

field, dismounted, during the hours of darkness, over hilly and wooded terrain,

in wet or dry weather, given a compass and a requirement sheet which provides

the azimuths and distances of two position stakes that are a maximum distance

of 1,500 meters from each other, on a self-correcting course.

STANDARD: Identify two out of two position stakes, with an error tolerance of u

one position stake to either the left or the right of the correct position -1

stake (the position stakes are separated by approximately 125 meters), within

180 minutes or less.

IVE08
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TRAINING OBJECTIVE: E029

TASK: Identify/operate turret controls and indicators.

CONDITION: Given TM 9-2350-252-10-2, a BIFV with master power on, turret power

and turret driver off, turret in power mode, and M240 machinegun and 25mm

automatic gun installed.

STANDARD: Within .5 minute; CO, XO, PL, PSG, MGNR, SL, ASL, GNR will be able

to identify and operate turret components, controls, and indicators so that he

can place the turret into operation duringj limited visibility using the turret

power source.

TRAINING OBJECTIVE: E030

TASK: Identify the controls and indicators on the integrated sight unit.

CONDITION: Per TM 9-2350-252-10-2, Giv n a BIFV with master power on, turret

power and drive switches off, turret in power mode, and M240 machinegun and

25mm automatic gun installed.

STANDARD: Within 2 minutes; CO, XO, PL, PSG, MGNR, SL, ASL, GNR must be able

to identify and explain the functions of the controls and indicators associated

with the integrated sight unit.

TRAINING OBJECTIVE: E031

TASK: Operate turret in the power mode.

CONDITION: Given TM 9-2350-252-10-2, a BIFV with master power on, turret power

and turret drive switches off, and driver and cargo hatches closed.

STANDARD: Within 30 seconds; CO, XO, PL, PSG, MGNR, SL, ASL, GNR must be able

to place the turret into power mode operation and control operation from both

the gunner and track commander positions.

TRAINING OBJECTIVE: E032

TASK: Operate the turret in the manual mode.

CONDITION: Given TM 9-2350-252-10-2, a BIFV with master power on, turret power

and drive switches off, and driver and cargo hatches closed.

STANDARD: Within 20 seconds; CO, XO, Pb, PSG, SL, ASL, GNR must be able to

place the turret into manual operation and control operation from the gunner

-. position.

IVE09

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TRAINING OBJECTIVE: E033

TASK: Operate the turret using the back-up mode.

CONDITION: Given TM 9-2350-252-10-2, a BIFV with master power on, turret power

and drive switches off, and driver and cargo hatches closed.

STANDARD: Within 20 seconds; CO, XO, PL, PSG, SL, ASL, GNR must be able to

place the turret into back-up mode operation and control operation from the

gunner position.

TRAINING OBJECTIVE: E034

TASK: Operate the integrated sight unit.

CONDITION: Within 10 seconds, given TM 9-2350-252-10-2, a BIFV with master

power, turret power, and turret drive switches on, turret in power mode, track

commander and gunner hatches closed, and ballistic sight doors closed.

STANDARD: CO, XO, PL, PSG, SL, ASL, GNR must be able to operate the integrated

sight unit in the night mode.

TRAINING OBJECTIVE: E035

TASK: Operate the integrated sight unit in the thermal mode.

CONDITION: Per TM 9-2350-252-10-2, given a BIFV with ISU installed and targets

arrayed from 300 to 3,750 meters.

STANDARD: CO, XO, PL, PSG, SL, ASL, GNR must place thermal sight into

operation and acquire four or five targets within 20 seconds of target

exposure.

TRAINING OBJECTIVE: E036

TASK: Each soldier acting as a member of a squad will assist in combat loading

a M2 BFV.

CONDITION: At night, given 10 minutes, a Bradley M2, a vehicle squad, a

loading plan, and equipment authorized to be loaded into the vehicle.

STANDARD: PL, PSG, MGNR, SL, ASL will inspect all items to be loaded for

accountability and serviceability. Correctly stow ammunition, weapons,

missiles and equipment in accordance with the loading plan designated in TM 9-

2350-252-10-1 Appendix E and stowage guide, or local SOP, to include:

1. Driver's compartment.

2. Engine compartment.

3. Troop compartment.

4. Turret.

5. Vehicle exterior.

IVE10
TRAINING OBJECTIVE: E037

TASK: Start/stop the engine on a M2.

CONDITION: Given TM 9-2350-252-10-1, an M2 with master power and fuel control

handle off, handbrake set, and range selector in neutral (N).

STANDARD: Within 2 minutes; PL, PSG, MGNR, SL, ASL, DVR will start and stop

the engine of the M2 without damaging equipment or injuring personnel.

TRAINING OBJECTIVE: E038

TASK: Shut down a SL~dley M2.

CONDITION: Given TM 9-2350-252-10-1, an M2 with the engine stopped and one

assistant.

STANDARD: Within 15 seconds; PL, PSG, MGNR, SL, ASL, DVR will set fire

suppression system on automatic, turn fuel valve off, and secure firing ports,

ramp door, and hatches.

TRAINING OBJECTIVE: E039

TASK: Start a M2 Bradley engine using auxilary power (SM 071-324-6025).

CONDITION: Given 10 minutes, a Bradley vehicle M2, with discharged batteries,

a slave cable, and another vehicle with 24-volt system.

STANDARD: IAW STP 7-11Ml-SM; XO, PL, PSG, MGNR, SL, ASL, DVR will start the

engine of the Bradley, which has discharged batteries, using a slave cable and

another vehicle without damage to equipment or injury to personnel.

TRAINING OBJECTIVE: E040

TASK: Tow/tow-start an M2.

CONDITION: Given TM 9-2350-252-10-1, 20 minutes, a nonoperational M2 with BII,

a similar operational vehicle with driver and vehicle commander, and a track

commander for the towed vehicle.

STANDARD: XO, PL, PSG, MGNR, SL, ASL, DVR will tow and tow start the M2

without causing damage to equipment or injury to soldiers.

IVEI-
TRAINING OBJECTIVE: E041

TASK: Use visual signals to control mounted and dismounted movements.

CONDITION: In a field environment, at night, given FM 21-17 and a requirement

to move dismounted and mounted using visual signals.

STANDARD: Within 1 minute, all unit personnel will demonstrate the correct

procedure for each visual signal given.

TRAINING OBJECTIVE: E042

TASK: Drive a Bradley M2 at night.

CONDITION: At night, given a .5-1km course, and 5 minutes, an operational M2

with BII; before-operation preventive maintenance checks and services (PMCS)

completed; engine running, handbrake set, and throttle handle pushed in;

operational armored vehicle crewman (AVC) helmet for the driver and the track

commander; and references (TM 9-2350-252-10-1, STP 7-11MI-SM).

STANDARD: Negotiate varied terrain and terrain obstacles safely and without

injury to occupants or damage to the vehicle.

TRAINING OBJECTIVE: E043

TASK: All unit personnel will operate a Bradley M2 in the water (SM 071-324-

6019)

CONDITION: Given STP 7-11M1-SM, 20 minutes for preparation and predip, a 300m

course, 15 minutes swim time, a Bradley M2 with basic issue items (BII), a

squad/crew, and a water obstacle.

STANDARD: Prepare the M2 for swim operations, swim the water obstacle with the

Bradley M2 without causing damage to equipment or injury to personnel.

TRAINING OBJECTIVE: E044

TASK: Drive a M2 Bradley using night vision equipment (SM 071-324-6033).

CONDITION: Given STP 7-11MI-SM, an operational M2 Bradley with basic issue

item (BII), during darkness, AN/VVS-2 night vision viewer, vehicle blackout

drive and blackout markers operational, AN/PVS-5 night vision goggles,

operational armored vehicle crewman (AVC) helmet, a 5km course, and 45 minutes.

STANDARD: CO, XO, PL, PSG, SL, ASL, DVR will drive the M2 Bradley using night

vision device without causing damage to equipment or injury to personnel.

IVE12

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TRAINING OBJECTIVE: E045

TASK: Drive in a convoy at night.

CONDITION: Given FMs 21-7 and 21-306, a M2 BFV in a training environment

suitable for conducting a mounted night road march over a 1.5km road distance,

and 120 minutes.

STANDARD: CO, XO, PL, PSG, SL, ASL, DVR will perform all basic driving

techniques and comply with the following:

1. Order of movement.

2. Convoy speed.

3. Catch up speed.

4. Interval.

5. Emergency procedures.

TRAINING OBJECTIVE: E046

TASK: CO, XO, PL, PSG, SL, ASL, DVR will drive the BFV in various tactical

formations at night.

CONDITION: In a field environment, at night, acting as a BFV driver, given the

requirement to move as part of a platoon formation. (Each will drive the

vehicle for NLT 50 minutes, for a total of all drivers of 6 hours.)

STANDARD: IAW FM 7-7J, -8, STP 7-11M34-SM, on command execute movement to

proper formation without damage to equipment or personnel.

TRAINING OBJECTIVE: E047

TASK: Conduct a night movement to contact.

CONDITION: As the leader of a Bradley M2 squad, at night, given an axis of

advance, moving mounted in various tactical situations under night conditions.

Given a BIFV in a hull defilade position, with all organic weapons MILES

systems installed.

STANDARD: IAW FM 7-7J, -8; STP 7-11M34-SM; CO, XO, PL, PSG, SL, ASL, DVR will

obtain a direct hit on moving tank with one TOW MILES per target, launch

missile within 15 seconds after target exposure, kill (five rounds on target)

all single stationary targets within 20 seconds using 10 rounds of 25mm MILES

per target, kill all multiple stationary and/or moving BMP targets within 10

seconds using 10 rounds of 25mm MILES per target, suppress (90 percent of

rounds hit or impact within 1 meter of target) all troop targets within 20

seconds using 100 rounds of 7.62mm coax MILES and suppress all RPG-7

silhouettes within 20 seconds using 120 rounds of 5.56mm MILES.

IVE13
TRAINING OBJECTIVE: E048

TASK: CO, XO, PL, PSG, SL, ASL, DVR will implement security forrwztions while

mounted and identify defensive positions.

CONDITION: In a field environment, at night, acting as a driver and given the

requirement to conduct mounted movement.

STANDARD: IAW FM 7-7J, -8, STP 7-11134-SM and on visual command, move the BFV

into security formations and identify defensive positions within 5 minutes.

TRAINING OBJECTIVE: E049

TASK: Select temporary battlefield postions at night.

CONDITION: During darkness; at an overwatch position; after initial movement

into tentative defensive positions; at a halt during movement; or upon

receiving direct fire; given STP 7-11M34-SM and 2 minutes.

STANDARD: CO, XO, PL, PSG, SL, ASL, DVR will: A. Select and occupy a firing

position which allows good observation, fields of fire, and provides (in order

of priority): (1) cover and concealment, or (2) cover only, or (3) concealment

only. B. Remain as low as possible (prone where possible) and look (aim)

around rather than over objects.

TRAINING OBJECTIVE: E050

TASK: Prepare a Bradley M2 squad defensive position at night.

CONDITION: As a squad leader, at night, given STP 7-11M34-SM, 10 minutes, a

requirement to occupy a specified area within the platoon and cover a specified

sector with fire. The positions of the key weapons (M2 organic weapons, NEDATGM and M60 machinegun) have been designated by the platoon leader.

STANDARD: PL, PSG, MGNR, SL, ASL will emplace positions so that all are

mutually supporting, utilize cover and concealment, and establish fields of

fire for each weapon and tie-in with adjacent squads.

TRAINING OBJECTIVE: E051

TASK: Insure operational security of a Bradley Y,2 squad at night.

CONDITION: As a leader of a Bradley M2 squad in a field environment, at night

operating as part of a larger unit against an opposing force, given STP 7-

11 34-SM.

STANDARD: PL, PSG, MGNR, SL, ASL, will insure squad and Bradley M2 are

camouflaged and concealed, provide for physical security, enforce noise and

light discipline and communications security, and provide for security while

traveling mounted.

IVE14
TRAINING OBJECTIVE: E052

TASK: Insure operational security of a Bradley M2 platoon.

CONDITION: As a Bradley M2 platoon leader, at night, in a field environment,

operating as part of a larger unit against an opposing force.

STANDARD: CO, XO, PL, PSG, MGNR, SL will insure squads are following OPSEC

procedures by providing security, conducting silent watch, and employing

communications security, IAW STP 7-11M34-SM.

TRAINING OBJECTIVE: E053

TASK: Prepare a Bradley M2 platoon night defensive position.

CONDITION: At night, as the leader of a Bradley M2 platoon preparing to defend

as part of a larger force, given a platoon sector of r-qponsibility.

STANDARD: IAW STP 7-11M34-SM, CO, XO, PL, PSG, MGNR, SL will use cover and

concealment, position key weapons to cover all avenues of approach into platoon

sector.

TRAINING OBJECTIVE: E054

TASK: Direct Bradley M2 platoon night defensive fires.

CONDITION: As the leader of a Bradley 142 platoon defending against an

attacking enemy force at night.

STANDARD: IAW STP 7-11M34-SM; CO, XO, PL, PSG, MGNR, SL will engag with

longest range weapons first. Engage targets with the proper weapons systems

and establish control of fires, indirect and direct.

TRAINING OBJECTIVE: E055

TASK: Employ an M2 on night battle positions.

CONDITION: As the leader of a Bradley M2 platoon, at night, operating as part

of a company team conducting a defense, given a company defense order that

includes commander's concept, mission, and platoon sector of fire.

STANDARD: IAW STP 7-011'134-SM, CO, XO, PL, PSG, MGNR, Sb will position

fighting vehicle teams and dismount teams to optimize the platoon's total

combat power. Establish and maintain control of the platoon. Assign sectors

of fire for the entire platoon and for each elcment, squad, and team, as

appropriate.

IVE15

!
TRAINING OBJECTIVE: E056

TASK: Load/unload 25mm ready boxes.

CONDITION: At night, within 15 minutes, given an M2 with 230 rounds of HEI-T

(inert) and 70 rounds of APDS-T (inert) ammunition and a gunner in the turret

to assist in loading the ready boxes.

STANDARD: IAW TM 9-2350-10-2, PL, PSG, MGNR, SL, ASL, RATELO, AAL, AR, G, R/S

will identify, inspect, clean, and load the HEI-T and APDS-T ammunition into

the ready boxes so that the ammunition can be fed into the feed chutes without

ending. Set ammunition switches to match type of ammunition loaded. Unload

the ready boxes without causing damage to equipment or injury to personnel.

TRAINING OBJECTIVE: E057

TASK: Enforce noise, light and litter discipline.

CONDITION: As the leader of a unit conducting any tactical mission during the

hours of darkness.

STANDARD: IAW STP 7-11M34-SM, PL, PSG, MGNR, SL, ASL will insure that: A.

Noise is kept to a minimum. 3. No light is visible to the enemy. C. The

area is free of litter and other evidence.

TRAINING OBJECT 'E: E058

TASK: Establish a night listening/observation post.

CONDITION: At night, as a squad leader or platoon sergeant in a defensive

position, given a squad or platoon, assigned TO&E equipment, a TA-312/PT (or

TA-I/PT) and/or a radio, and a requirement to establish an observation point to

observe a designated area or probable avenue of approach forward of or on the

flanks of your squad or platoon.

STANDARD: IAW STP 7-11M34-SM; PL, PSG, MGNR, SL, ASL; upon moving into the

assigned defensive position, select and emplace a two-man postion which: A.

Is within effective small arms range of the squad/platoon. B. Allows

detection of enemy activity within the designated area or avenue of approach

before it would be detectable from the defensive positions and before the enemy

could detect the defensive area. C. Has a means of communication (w:r. or

radio) with the platoon leader (may be through squad leader).

IVE16

* . , . . . ~~•. . .
TRAINING OBJECTIVE: E059

TASK: Emplace an electronic anti-intrusion device (platoon early warning

system--PEWS).

CONDITION: Given 15 minutes, the setting of a platoon in the defense, and TRS2 (PEWS) complete with nine sensors, and the need to supplement the unit's

security plan, and references (FM 7-7J, STP 7-11M34-SM, TM 11-5895-1047-10)

STANDARD: PL, PSG, SL, ASL will emplace the PEWS and insure that: A. Each of

the nine sensors are ground implanted. B. The sensors are correctly placed

along the most probable mounted or dismounted avenues of approach into the

platoon sector. C. The system is properly activated for reception in either

the wire or radio mode. D. The system is properly camouflaged so that it

cannot be detected by an enemy force. IAW FM 7-7, page 3-7.

TRAINING OBJECTIVE: E060

TASK: Plan for and emplace obstacles.

CONDITION: At night, as the platoon leader of a mechanized infantry platoon

operating as a part of a larger force during the conduct of a defensive

operation, given a team commander directive to, at a minimum, plan for and, if

given the time, materials, and personnel, employ obstacles to supplement the

platoon position.

STANDARD: Obstacle/barrier must be emplaced by PL, PSG, SL, ASL IAW the

following considerations given the aforementioned conditions. A. Augmentation

to the platoon defensive fire plan. B. Obstacles planned for and sited along

principal mounted and dismounted avenues of approach, as appropriate, into the

platoon sector. C. Platoon plan to include wire (supplementary, tactical, and

protective), hasty protective minefield, stump and post obstacles, abatis, log

cribs, tank ditches/walls, etc., as appropriate. IAW FM 7-7, Appendix N.

TRAINING OBJECTIVE: E061

TASK: Install a hasty protective minefield at night.

CONDITION: In darkness, given platoon leader's mission directive, platoon

personnel with TO&E tools and equipment, lensatic compass, necessary mines and

material, and DA Form 1355-1 (Hasty Protective Minefield Record). You have

been placed into a situation in which a minefield is to be used to supplement a

defensive position. Engineer assistance is not available or needed. You will

use the allocated antitank mines (M21 inert) and antipersonnel mines (M16Ainert) from the company basic load.

STANDARD: PL, PSG, SL, ASL will assist the platoon leader or, as an acting

platoon leader accomplish the following in order: A. Report intention to lay

a hasty protective minefield and obtain authorization to lay. B. Make a

reconnaissance. Determine the best locations for mines based on likely enemy

avenues of approach and your platoon's ability to keep the mines under

IVE17
observation. C. Report initiation of the minefield. D. Emplace the mines on

the avenues of appraoch. Do not arm the mines at this time. (1) Use only

metallic mines. (2) Don't use boobytrap devices. E. Record the minefield on

DA Form 1355-1-R. F. Arm the mines, working from the enemy side to the

friendly side. G. Report completion of the minefield.

TRAINING OBJECTIVE: E062

TASK: Plan the night withdrawal of a BIFV infantry platoon.

CONDITION: In the field, at night acting as a BIFV infantry platoon leader,

given instruction on M2 infantry withdrawal operations, a map, a company

operation order, FM 7-7, and FM 71-1.

STANDARD: PL, PSG, MGNR will plan for the withdrawal of an infantry platoon

utilizing information from instruction, map, operation order, and FM. Plan

will include withdrawal not under enemy pressure and disengagement and

withdrawal under enemy pressure in accordance with FM 7-7J, Chapter 5.

TRAINING OBJECTIVE: E063

TASK: Conduct night passage of lines.

CONDITION: As the platoon leader of a BIFV infantry platoon conducting either

a forward or rearward passage of friendly lines at night during the conduct of

an offensive or defensive oepration while acting as the team commander's

representative.

STANDARD: PL, PSG, MGNR passage of friendly lines will be properly coordinated

and executed IAW the following consideration: A. The disposition of the

stationary friendly force. B. Contact points. C. Passage lanes. D. Attack

position for forward passage or assembly areas. E. Initial location of combat

support and service support elements. F. Time of transfer of area

responsibility. G. Communications. H. Supporting fires. I. Use of guides

during the execution of the passage. IAW FM 71-1, pages L-1 and L-2.

TRAINING OBJECTIVE: E064

TASK: Conduct night surveillance without the aid of electronic devices.

CONDITION: At night with good visibility to 500 meters or beyond, given an

unspecified number of moving and stationary OPFOR soldiers skylined at not more

than 300 meters; and moving and stationary OPFOR soldiers in open/semi-open

areas, not rn the skyline at ranges less than 100 meters; and given sounds of

wheeled/trac.,ed vehicle movement and sounds of friendly and enemy weapons fire.

, .,
STANDARD: lAW STP 7-11MI-SM all platoon personnel will locate 75 percent of-. soldiers on skyline, locate 50 percent of all soldiers not skylined,

differenciate between tracked and wheeled vehicle sounds, and identify all

weapons fire as heavy machinegun fire, light machinegun/assault rifle fire,

indirect fire, and rocket/recoilless rifle fire.

TRAINING OBJECTIVE: E065

TASK: Conduct night surveillance using an AN/PVS-4.

CONDITION: At night, given TM 11-5855-213-10, an operational AN/PVS-4 in your

defensive position, five BA-1100 batteries, and one enemy squad moving within

your assigned sector.

STANDARD: IAW STP 7-1lMl-SM, all platoon personnel will detect and report all

movement within your sector of observation in open areas out to 300 meters.

TRAINING OBJECTIVE: E066

TASK: Emplace/recover pyrotechnic early warning devices at night.

CONDITION: A. Situation 1: Given an M49A1 trip flare (either live or inert)

and a designated area for employment of an early warning device. B. Situation

2: Given WD-I/TT field wire or string, an M3 pull release training device

(either live or inert), nonelectric blasting cap, crimpers, and a designated

area for employment of an early warning device.

STANDARD: All platoon personnel will insure that when: A. Installing devices: (1) Install trip flare (M49A1) or M3 firing device so that the

devices are firmly attached in place across designated area. (2) Arm devices

so that anyone moving the trip wire/string will make the device go off. B.

Removing devices: (1) Remove trip flare by first inserting the safety pin and

then reversing installation procedures. (2) the M3 (live) is dangerous to

disarm. It should be blown in place. If the device must be disarmed, proceed

as outlined in the performance measures.

TRAINING OBJECTIVE: E067

TASK: Recover electronic anti-intrusion devices a. night.

CONDITION: Given FM 5-25, -34; 20-32; TM 9-1345-203-12 and P, a platoon early

warning system (PEWS) detector unit (in storage), an emplacement of the PEWS, a

detection range setting, and a PEWS receiver and receiver operator in the area

of emplacement.

STANDARD: IAW STP 7-11M2-SM,,; all platoon personnel will, within 10 minutes,

recover the PEWS and return to storage configuration IAW the performance

measure for recovery.

IV;'I9
TRAINING OBJECTIVE: E068

TASK: Mount and dismount a Bradley M2, as a member of a dismount team.

CONDITION: At night, given TM 11-5895-1047-10, a M2 Bradley, M16A1 rifle, in a

field environment with a designated position in the BFV other than assistant

squad leader.

STANDARD: IAW STP 7-11M2-SM, all platoon dismount personnel will dismount left

or right on orders from the squad leader or assistant squad leader, maintain

position within the dismount team.

TRAINING OBJECTIVE: E069

* TASK: Move as a member of a dismount team (SM 071-326-5921).

CONDITION: At night, given a designated position (other than team leader) in a

moving dismount team wedge formation, in any climate or terrain at night.

STANDARD: IAW FM 7-7J, all platoon dismount personnel will maintain the same

position within the wedge and react immediately to the fire team leader's moves

by doing as he does.

TRAINING OBJECTIVE: E070

TASK: Prepare and orally issue a warning order for a night patrol.

CONDITION: As a patrol leader, given a mission briefing and ranger handbook.

STANDARD: PL, PSG, SL, ASL will accomplish task IAW Chapter 5, Section 1, FM

7-8.

TRAINING OBJECTIVE: E071

TASK: Conduct coordination for a night patrol mission.

CONDITION: As a patrol leader, given a mission briefing.

STANDARD: PL, PSG, SL, ASL will accomplish task IAW Chapter 5, Section 1, FM

7-8.

TRAINING OBJECTIVE: E072

TASK: Prepare and orally issue an operation order for a night patrol.

CONDITION: As a patrol leader, given a mission briefing, a ranger handbook,

and TO&E rifle platoon with equipment.

STANDARD: PL, PSG, SL, ASL will perform IAW Chapter 5, Section 1, FM 7-S.

IVE2L
TRAINING OBJECTIVE: E073

TASK: Conduct a night departure through forward lines (departure through FF).

CONDITION: As a patrol leader, at night, given a ranger handbook, a friendly

unit in the defense with a deliberate barrier.

STANDARD: PL, PSG, SL, ASL will perform IAW Chapter, Section 2, FM 7-8.

TRAINING OBJECTIVE: E074

TASK: Tactically control a patrol's movement.

CONDITION: As a patrol leader, at night, in varying and insecure terrain,

given a likelihood of enemy contact.

STANDARD: PL, PSG, SL, ASL will perform IAW Chapter 5, Section 2, FM 7-8.

TRAINING OBJECTIVE: E075

TASK: Lead a night patrol in the execution of immediate action drills.

CONDITION: As a patrol leader, at night, in a near ambush, aerial or artillery

attack, or chance contact.

STANDARD: PL, PSG, SL, ASL will perform IAW Chapter 5, Section 2, FM 7-8.

TRAINING OBJECTIVE: E076

TASK: Cross a danger area at night.

CONDITION: As a patrol leader, at night, given a linear area, a small open

area, and a large open area to negotiate.

STANDARD: PL, PSG, SL, ASL will perform IAW Chapter 5, Section 2, FM 7-8.

TRAINING OBJECTIVE: E077

TASK: Plan for and occupy a patrol base at night.

CONDITION: As a patrol leader, at night, given the mission to establish a

patrol base and a ranger handbook.

STANDARD: PL, PSG, SL, ASL will perform IAW Chapter 5, Section 5, FM 7-8.

IVE21
TRAINING OBJECTIVE: E078

TASK: Lead a patrol through actions at the objective (Recon).

CONDITION: As a patrol leader, at night, given a combat patrol mission, a TO&E

platoon with equipment, an enemy objective, and a ranger handbook.

STANDARD: PL, PSG, SL, ASL will perform IAW Chapter 5, Section 4, FM 7-8.

TRAINING OBJECTIVE: E079

TASK: Conduct reconnaissance and surveillance patrolling.

CONDITION: As a squad or platoon leader of a mechanized infantry unit

(dismounted), during period of limited visibility, during the conduct of the

defense (hasty or deliberate). Given a specified area and time.

STANDARD: PL, PSG, SL, ASL will plan and conduct reconnaissance and

surveillance patrolling well enough to: A. Organize the element into the

command, reconnaissance, and security areas of responsibility necessary to

accomplish the mission. B. Employ one of the three techniques of

reconnaissance (fan, box, or successive sectors). C. Obtain and report

information about the terrain and/or enemy within the specified area in order

to enhance the security of the squad/platoon position. D. Infiltrate and

exfiltrate the target area without being detected by the enemy. IAW FM 7-7,

pages 6-1 through 6-8; STP 7-11M4-SM, pages 2-VII-B-6.1 through 2-VII-B-6.6.

TRAINING OBJECTIVE: E080

TASK: React to flares.

CONDITION: At night, upon hearing a flare rising or when suddenly illuminated

by a ground or overhead flare.

STANDARD: IAW FM 21-48, 3-5, 21-40, entire unit will react to each situation

as follows: A. Ground flares: Move out of the illuminated area, and regroup,

reorient yourself, and continue with mission. B. Overhead flare with warning:

Assume a prone position (behind concealment when available) before the flare

burst. C. Overhead flare without warning: Get into the prone position,

making maximum use of nearby cover, concealment, and shadows until the flare

burns out. Close one eye to protect your night vision; observe with the other

eye. D. Ground or overhead flare while under direct enemy fire or followed by

direct enemy fire; use fire and maneuver as you would during daylight.

IVE22

-.]
TRAINING OBJECTIVE: E081

TASK: Implement mission-oriented protective posture (MOPP) at night.

CONDITION: As an infantry platoon leader/sergeant or squad leader, at night,

in the field, during the conduct of the defense, given the commander's guidance

for MOPP-I level and the necessary TO&E chemical protective clothing and

equipment.

STANDARD: PL, PSG, SL, ASL will insure that MOPP will be implemented for a -.

period of not less than 6 hours and will be adjusted for heat stress or fatigue

as necessary. IAW FM 21-40, pages 8-4 through 8-7.

TRAINING OBJECTIVE: E082

TASK: Apply the seven decontamination techniques at night.

CONDITION: In a field environment, at night, given instruction and a

demonstration of each technique and FM 3-5.

STANDARD: Entire unit must be able to identify and perform the decontamination

techniques in accordance with pages 20 through 26, FM 3-5.

TRAINING OBJECTIVE: E083

TASK: Perform survival decontamination at night.

CONDITION: In a field environment, at night, given an M58A1 training kit and

FM 3-5.

STANDARD: Unit will adequately remove liquid contaminant from skin using the

kit in accordance with pages 20 through 26, FM 3-5.

TRAINING OBJECTIVE: E084

TASK: The soldier will become familiar with and apply the safety precautions

pertaining to NBC equipment and NBC training, as specified by the trainer.

CONDITION: In a field environment, at night, given specific safety precautions

and FM 21-48.

STANDARD: CO, XO, PL, PSG, MGNR, SL, ASL will adhere to all safety precautions

as given by the instructor in accordance with FM 21-48.

IVE23
TRAINING OBJECTIVE: E085

TASK: Conduct a reentry through a friendly unit (reenter FFU).

CONDITION: As a patrol leader, at night, given a friendly unit occupying a

defense and deliberate barrier and a ranger handbook.

STANDARD: CO, XO, PL, PSG, MGNR, SL, ASL will perform IAW Chapter 5, Section

2, FM 7-8, and Chapter 4, ST 21-75-2.

TRAINING OBJECTIVE: E086

TASK: Conduct chemical decontamination at night.

CONDITION: As the mechanized infantry platoon leader/sergeant or squad leader,

at night, in a field environment, having been exposed to chemical or

radiological contamination, and given a decontamination detachment and

individual/equipment decontamination materials as appropriate.

STANDARD: CO, XO, PL, PSG, MGNR, SL, ASL will insure that the element will

decontaminate personnel and equipment using individual decontamination kits,

the ABC-Mil, and/or the M12 system provided by the decontamination detachment.

IAW STP 7-11BI/2-SM pages 2-I-B-5.1 through 2-I-B-5.3, 2-I-B-6-l and 2-I-B-6.2,

and 2-I-B-15.1 through 2-I-B-15.3; STP 7-11M3-SM, pages S-I-B-19.1 through 2-IB-19.3; and STP 7-11M4; SM, pages 2-I-B-32.1 through 2-I-B-32.3.

TRAINING OBJECTIVE: E087

TASK: Consolidate and reorganize Bradley M2 platoon following contact.

CONDITION: At night, as the leader of a Bradley M2 platoon that is attacking

or defending a position. Your platoon has just repelled an enemy assault

(defense) or has just siezed an objective (offense).

STANDARD: IAW FM 7-7J, CO, XO, PL, PSG, MGNR, SL, ASL will reestablish local

security and man the potent weapons first. Reestablish chain of command.

Redistribute or resupply ammunition and weapons. Reorganize platoon to

compensate for personnel/vehicle losses. Consolidate position using terrain or

clock method. Prepare to continue the attack. Replace obstacles and

camouflage. Restore communications. Supervise evacuation of dead or seriously

wounded.

IVE24

1 . . . . . .o.
TRAINING OBJECTIVE: E088

TASK: React to enemy antiarmor fire at night.

CONDITION: At night, as the track commander of a Bradley M2 moving to contact

and being fired on by an enemy antitank guided missile, given FM 7-7J.

STANDARD: IAW STP 7-1134-SM, CO, XO, PL, PSG, MGNR, SL, ASL will return fire.

If the return fire does not suppress the enemy, fire smoke grenades. Direct

driver to move evasively at top speed to a covered position.

TRAINING OBJECTIVE: E089

TASK: React to direct fire while mounted.

CONDITION: At night, as the track commander of the lead squad of a Bradley M2

platoon conducting a mounted movement to contact, upon receiving direct fire

from an enemy position given FM 78-7J.

STANDARD: IAW FM 7-7J, CO, XO, PL, PSG, MGNR, SL, ASL will return fire

immediately, direct driver to move to the nearest covered position, report the

contact to your platoon leader, and follow his instructions.

TRAINING OBJECTIVE: E090

TASK: Conduct a withdrawal/disengagement under enemy pressure.

CONDITION: At night, as a platoon leader of a mechanized infantry platoon as

part of a larger force which is withdrawing while the enemy is attacking or is

expected to attack.

STANDARD: CO, XO, PL, PSG, MGNR, SL, ASL will insure that the platoon must, at

a minimum, accomplish the following: A. Select as well covered and concealed

disengagement routes as possible. B. At least a map reconnaissance

(preferably an on-the-ground leaders' reconnaissance) of disengagement routes,

assembly areas, and follow-on battle positions. C. Use all available fire to

stop or slow the enemy's advance in order to maneuver away from the enemy. D.

Make maximum use of at fires, smoke, indirect fire, and crew-served weapons to

cover the withdrawal. E. Make maximum use of bounding overwatch in "reverse."

F. Maximize positioning of infantry and carriers such that rapid mounting and

subsequent maneuver is made possible. IAW FM 7-7, pages 5-47 through 5-56.

IVE25

-1
V- 16- ...

TRAINING OBJECTIVE: E091

TASK: Conduct a withdrawal/disengagement not under enemy pressure at night.

CONDITION: At night, as the platoon leader of a mechanized infantry platoon as

part of a larger force which is withdrawing by stealth before the enemy can

react.

STANDARD: CO, XO, PSG, MGNR, SL, ASL will insure that the platoon must, as a

minimum, accomplish the following: A. Perform at least a map reconnaissance

(prefereably an on-the-ground leaders' reconnaissance) of disengagement routes

and assembly areas. B. Select as well covered and concealed disengagement

routes as possible (disengagement not under enemy pressure should be conducted

during period of limited visibility). C. Maximize positioning of infantry and

carriers such that rapid and covert mounting and subsequent maneuver is made

possible. D. Element disengages either using overwatch or simultaneous

movement of all troops (no overwatch). IAW Fm 7-7, pages 5-57 through 5-59.

TRAINING OBJECTIVE: E092

TASK: Conduct a delay.

CONDITION: At night, as the platoon leader of a mechanized infantry platoon as

part of a larger force which is delaying in order to slow the enemy's advance

as much as possible while at the same time inflicting maximum equipment and

personnel casualties upon the enemy.

STANDARD: CO, XO, PL, PSG, MGNR, SL, ASL insure that at night, the platoon, as

part of the company/team operation, must accomplish the following: A. Prevent

bypass by the enemy force. B. Maximize bounding overwatch, in reverse, by

planning battle positions to the rear and by withdrawing just prior to becoming

decisively engaged. C. Prepare battle positions in depth in an effort to

support tanks and TOWs, which will do the bulk of the fighting, when they are

attached. D. Provide local security for tanks and TOWs when those elements

are attached. IAW FM 7-7, pages 5-59 through 5-61.

TRAINING OBJECTIVE: E093

TASK: Conduct a night or limited visibility attack.

CONDITION: As the platoon leader of a BIFV platoon (mounted or dismounted)

operating as part of a larger force during the conduct of a night attack or an

attack under conditions of limited visibility.

STANDARD: IAW FM 7-7J, PL, PSG, SL, ASL insure the platoon, as part of the

company/team operation, must accomplish the following: A. Conduct a

reconnaissance of the objective area and routes to the objective area. B.

Rehearse the conduct of movement and assault in order to maximize control.

IVE26

. * . ..
C. Adhere to all control measures as directed the team commander. D. Achieve

surprise and exploit weak points of the enemy's defense as determined by way of

the reconnaissance. E. Effect infiltration by moving in small elements at

intervals along one route or along multiple routes. F. Maximize cover and

concealment and provide for protection from a mounted enemy attack.

TRAINING OBJECTIVE: E094

TASK: Direct dismount of a Bradley M2.

CONDITION: At night, as the track commander of a Bradley squad moving against

an enemy force and on order to deploy the dismount team.

STANDARD: IAW FM 7-7J, designate composition of dismount team, give dismount

alert, and direct vehicle to be placed in a covered and concealed position.

TRAINING OBJECTIVE: E095

TASK: Control dismount element formations at night.

CONDITION: At night, as the leader of a dismount element moving in various

tactical situations that require changes in formations and movement techniques.

STANDARD: IAW FM 7-7J, PL, PSG, MGNR, SL, ASL will select formations that

provide security, allow fighting vehicle element to support, disperse the

dismount teams, and provide a position from which maximum firepower can be

placed on a known enemy position without jeopardizing security. Employ correct

night movement techniques based on mission and liklihood of contact.

TRAINING OBJECTIVE: E096

TASK: Control mounted Bradley M2 platoon formations at night.

CONDITION: As the leader of a Bradley M2 platoon, at night, and moving mounted

in various tactical situations that require a change in formation.

STANDARD: IAW FM 7-7J, PL, PSG, MGNR, SL, ASL will select the formation that

provides maximum security, maximum firepower dispersion, and mutual support.

TRAINING OBJECTIVE: E097

TASK: Direct fire and maneuver of a Bradley M2 platoon at night.

CONDITION: As a platoon leader of a Bradley M2 platoon under fire, at night,

conducting a movement to contact.

STANDARD: IAW FM 7-7J, PL, PSG, MGNR, SL, ASL will select position for baseof-fire force, direct fire of base-of-fire force, and direct actions of

maneuver force.

IVE27

• 1
o 

... . . . . .. . , 

 . . . . . .  L

TRAINING OBJECTIVE: E098

TASK: Direct actions on contact.

* CONDITION: Given a Bradley M2 platoon that is part of a company team

conducting a night movement to contact; the platoon suddenly encounters enemy

direct fires.

STANDARD: IAW FM 7-7J, PL, PSG, MGNR, SL, ASL will direct the platoon to

return fire and deploy to develop the situation and report to the company team

commander.

TRAINING OBJECTIVE: E099

TASK: Conduct a night mounted assault (illuminated).

CONDITION: As the leader of a Bradley M2 platoon assaulting an objective, at

night, as part of a company team. The enemy is occupying a hasty fighting

position, and tte terrain in the vicinity of the objective is suitable for

rapid movement onto the objective and across it.

STANDARD: IAW FM 7-7J, PL, PSG, MGNR, SL, ASL, will control the movement of

the Bradley M2s, direct the platoon fires, control indirect fires, and control

illuminating fires.

TRAINING OBJECTIVE: El00

TASK: Conduct a night disengagement.

CONDITION: As the leader of a Bradley M2 platoon disengaging at night as part

of a larger unit in contact.

STANDARD: IAW FM 7-7J, PL, PSG, MGNR, SL, ASL will prepare a disengagement

plan, control vehicle movement, direct fire maneuver to the rear, maximize the

firepower of the fighting vehicle team to cover rearward movement.

TRAINING OBJECTIVE: E1OI

TASK: Organize a night antiarmor ambush.

CONDITION: Given a mission to conduct a night antiarmor ambush, a location for

the ambush, and a Bradley M2 squad.

STANDARD: IAW FM 7-7J, PL, PSG, MGNR, SL, ASL will organize the antiarmor

ambush so that the squad can destroy enemy armored vehicles and provide fire

support and security.

IVE28
TRAINING OBJECTIVE: E102

TASK: Conduct a night antiarmor ambush

CONDITION: As the leader of a Bradley M2 squad task organized to conduct a

night antiarmor ambush, given the ambush site.

STANDARD: IAW FM 7-7J, PL, PSG, MGNR, SL, ASL will destroy or disable enemy

vehicles without being discovered before the ambush is executed.

TRAINING OBJECTIVE: E103

TASK: Conduct night defensive military operations in urban terrain.

CONDITION: As the leader of a Bradley M2 platoon that is part of a larger

force defending in urban terrain, at night, given a sector to defend.

STANDARD: IAW FM 7-7J, PL, PSG, MGNR, SL, ASL will employ the fighting vehicle

teams and dismounted teams in their proper roles. Position the platoon, using

urbanized terrain to maximize weapons capability.

TRAINING OBJECTIVE: E104

TASK: Control movement through urban terrain at night.

CONDITION: As the leader of a Bradley M2 platoon operating as part of a larger

unit moving through urban terrain, at night, given a mission to move through

urban terrain to an objective.

STANDARD: IAW FM 7-7J, PL, PSG, MGNR, SL, ASL, will employ the proper movement

techniques into and through the urban terrain.

IVE29

-" . . " .' " . '.. . . . . . .I" .. .. .. .... "I ' ° -"" . .. .. . . . . . . .
ANNEX F: SAFETY

[. TRAINING OBJECTIVE: FO01

TASK: State the safety requirements in the following areas of general safety:

vehicle movement, hull, turret, and maintenance safety.

CONDITION: At night, given an M2 with complete equipment.

* STANDARD: The unit should know and be able to comply with all safety

considerations applicable to the M2 as contained in FM 9-2350-252-10-2, local

regulations and SOPs.

TRAINING OBJECTIVE: F002

TASK: Extinguish a fire on the M2.

CONDITION: Given an M2, with squad and a fire anywhere in the vehicle.

STANDARD: IAW FM 9-2350-252-10-2, local regulations and SOP, the unit must

accomplish the following: A. Alert other squad members. B. Evacuate the

vehicle. C. Extinguish fire with fixed and/or portable fire extinguishers.

TRAINING OBJECTIVE: F003

TASK: Evacuate a casualty from an M2.

CONDITION: At night, given an M2 with complete equipment and a simulated

injury to a squad member.

STANDARD: All soldiers will evacuate a casualty following the correct

procedures and utilizing the correct hatches to minimize injury. Reference:

TM 9-2350-252-10-2.

TRAINING OBJECTIVE: F004

TASK: Conduct night movement of an 12 using ground guides.

CONDITION: Given an M2, at night, in a field environment, with 2 assistants,

and flashlights.

STANDARD: The soldier, IAW FM 9-2350-252-10-2, local regulations and unit

SOPs, will when acting as a Bradley commander, utilize the proper visual

signals to safely start, move, and stop the M2 over a 50 meter course using

varied terrain and vegetation.

IVF01

Ik
SECTION V

Equipment and Ammunition Summary

*TRAINING 1 EQUIPMENT-TO-SM IAMMUNITION-TO-SM

OBJECTIVE 1 EQUIPMENT RATIO AMMUNITION RATIO

A001-004 1ANIPVS-4, Individual! 1:1

Weapon

A005-008 1AN/TVS-4 1 1:3

A009-012 1AN/TVS-5, Crew- 1 :BIFV Crew

Served Weapon

A013-016 AN/PVS-5 1 1:3

*A017-020 AN/PAS-7 1 1:3

A021-024 AN/TAS-6 1:3

A025-028 1AN/TAS-5 1 1:3 DRAGON, Inert 1:3

A029-032 1AN/VVS-2; BIFV, M2 11:1

*A033-036 1AN/TRS-2 11:BIFV Platoon

A037 1M19(7X50) Binoculars!1 1:3

B001 BIFV, M2; GAA 1:BIFV Crew

B002 IFVM2 1 :BIF Cre

B003 BIFV, M2 1:BIFV Crew

B0043 BIFV, M2 1 1:BIFV Crew

B005 M16, Cleaning Kit 1:1

bOO6 M231, Cleaning Kit 11:1

B007 M240C; BIFV, M2 11:BIFV Crew

BOOS BIFV, M2; M242 1:BIFV Crew

B009 BIFV, M2; M4257, 1 l:BIFV Crew 1Dummy Smoke Grenades 1 8:1

Cleaning Equipment For M257

B010O M202A1 1 1:3

cool M16 1:1

VA0 1
TRAINING 1 EQUIPMENT-TO-SN AMMUNITION-TO-SM

*OBJECTIVE EQUIPMENT RATIO i AMMUNITION RATIO

*C002 1M20311

*C003 M249 SAW 11:2

C004 1M231 FPW; BIFV, M2 1 1:BIFV Crew -

C005 1M231 FPW w/Magazine 1 1:1 5.56 Dummy or Blank 30:1

C006 11M231 FPW w/Magazine 11:1 5.56 Dummy or Blank 1 30:1

*C007 1HEDP M433 1:

CS M65111

1 SP M583, 661, M662 11

1SC M585, M1663, M664 11:1

1GM 713, 715, 716

C008 1BIFV, M2 w/Dummy TOW! 1:BIFV Crew

Missile

C009 BIFV, M2 w/Dummy TOW! l:BIFV Crew

1Missile

D005-006 BIFV, M2 1:Crew

D007-009 1BIFV, M12 w/Complete

BIFV MILES

D010 M16A21:

DOII-012 M16A2 w/AN/PVS-4 and: 1:1 5.56 Ball 18:1

1Magazine

D013 1M203 1:1

D014 M203 w/AN/PVS-4 11:1

D015 M203 w/AN/PVS-4 and 11:1 40mm, M407AI1 3:1

magazine

D016 1M6OA1 MG w/AN/PVS-4 11:1 7.62 Link (4:1) 20:1

*D017 1M6OA1 MG w/AN/PVS-4 1:1 17.62 Link (4:1) 200:1

D018 1M249 SAW w/AN/PVS-4 1 5.56 Link (4:1) 20:1

D019 1M249 SAW wIANIPVS-4 1 5.56 Link (4:1) 1200:1

E026-0238 1:50,000 Scale Map, 1:1

1 M1 Compass, Protrac-1

1 tor

VA 02
TRAINING EQUIPMENT-TO-SM AMMUNITION-TO-SM

OBJECTIVE EQUIPMENT RATIO AMMUNITION RATIO

E029-045 BIFV, M2; AN/PVS-5 1:BIFV Crew

E046-055 BIFV, M2 w/MILES I l:BIFV Crew DRAGON w/MILES 1:BIFV Crew

Individual Weapons

w/MILES

E056 BIFV, M2 HEIT (Inert) 230:BIFV

APDS (Inert) 70:BIFV

E058 TA-312/PT l:LP/OP

1 (or TA-IPT) w/Wire

or PRC-77 w/BA-4386

E059 AN/TRS-2 1 I:BIFV PlATOON

E060-061 Ml Compass, Barrier l:BIFV Platoon 1 M21 (Inert)

Material to Cover M16AI Mines (Inert)

Platoon Frontage

E063 1 BIFV, M2 w/BIFV 1:BIFV Crew

MILES Complete

E065 BIFV, M2; AN/PVS-4 l:BIFV Crew

BA-1100 5:AN/PVS-4

E066 WD-l TT 25':i M49A1 Flare 1:1

Crimpers 1:1 M3 Pull Device 1:1

Non-electric Blasting! 1:1

V Cap

E067 AN/TRS-2 l:BIFV Platoon

E068-104 BIFV, 12 I:BIFV Crew 5.56mm, Blank 120:1

117 NBC Mask 1:1 7.62mm, Blank 800:1

1 Individual Weapon 1:1 Ground Flares 100:BIFV Company

NBC Garments 1:1

M58A1 Decon Kit 1:1 SC M585, M663, M664 lO:Platoon

M11 Decon Apparatus l:BIFV

Individual Weapon 1:1 SP M583, 661, 662 10:Platoon

MILES

DRAGON MILES I:BIFV GM M713, 715, 716 10:Platoon

VIPER w/MILES 5:BIFV

BIFV MILES Complete I:BIFV

FOO1-003 BIFV, M2 Complete 1I:BIFV Crew

VA03

- . .C C C* C *
70: W. T- 0 7

SECTION VI

TRAINING OBJECTIVES TO REFERENCES CORRELATION

TRAINING

OBJECTIVES REFERENCES

A001-004 TM 11-5855-312-10

A005-008 TM 11-5850-228-13

A009-012 TM 11-5855-214-10

A013-016 TM 11-5855-238-10

A017-020 TM 11-5855-246-10

A021-024 TM 11-5855-253-10

*A025-028 TM 9-1425-484-10

A029-032 TM 9-2350-252-10

A033-036 TM 11-5895-1047-10

*BOOl TM 9-2350-252-10-1, STP 7-11M1-SM, LO 9-2350-252-12

B002 DA PAM 738-750; TM 9-2350-252-10-1, TM 9-2350-252-10-2

B003 TM 9-2350-252-10-1, STP 7-11M1-SM

B004 DA PA'M 738-750, TM 9-2350-252-10-2

B005 FM 21-2, TM 9-1005-249-10

B 006 TM 9-1005-309-10, STP 7-11MI-SM

BJCi TM 9-1005-315-10-2, STP 7-11M2-SM

B008 TM 9-2350-252-10-2, STP 7-11M2-SM

B009 TM 9-2350-252-10-2, STP 7-11M2-SM

cool STP 7-11M1-SM

C002 STP 7-l1M1-SM

* C003-006 TM 9-1005-201-10, 6TP 7-11112-SM

C,007 TM 9-1010-221-10, FM 23-3, STP 7-11112-SM

C008-009 TM 9-2350-252-10-1, 9-2350-252-10-2, STP 7-11M1-SM

VIA01
TRAINING

OBJECTIVES REFERENCES

DOOI-002 FM 23-9, TC 23-11, STP 7-11142-SM

*D003-009 FM 23-1, TM 9-2350-252-10-2, STP 7-11I11, 2-SM -

D010 STP 7-11141-SM, FM 23-9

D011-012 STP 7-11M1-SM, TM 11-5855-213-10

*D013 STP 7-11M1-SM

D014-017 STP 7-11141-SM, TM 11-5855-213-10

D018-019 No references currently available

E001 FM 7-10, 7-20, 100-5

*E002-005 FM 7-20, 71-1, 71-2, 7-71

E006 FM 7-7J, 71-1, 71-2

-E007 FM 5-34, 7-10, 7-20

*E008-009 FM 71-2J

E010-011 FM 90-10, 90-10-1, 71-2, 100-5

*E012 FM 7-71

*E013-014 FM 90-10-1, 90-10, 71-2, ioG-5

*E015 FM 6-20, 101-31-1

E6-022 F 3-4, 3-50, 3-87, 3-100; FC 21-41

*E023 FM 90-10-1

*E024 FC 7-170

E025 FM 5-36, Ranger Handbook

E026-028 FM 21-26

E029-035 TM 9-2350-252-10-2

*E036-040 T%1 9-2350-252-10-1

E041 FM 21-17

*E042-044 TM 9-2350-252-10-1, STP 7-1111I-SM

VIAO2

* *C- 7
TRAINING OBJECTIVES REFERENCES

E045 FM 21-7, 21-306

E046-055 STP 7-11M34-SM; FM 7-7J, 7-8

E056 TM 9-2350-252-10-2

E057-058 STP 7-11M34-SME059 FM 7-7J, STP 7-11M34-SM, TM 11-5895-1047-10

E060 TM 7-7J

E061 GTA 5-10-27, STANAG 2036, STP 7-11M34-SM

E062-063 FM 7-7J, 7-8, STP 7-11M34-SM

E064 STP 7-11MI-SM

E065-066 TM 11-5855-213-10, STP 7-11M1-SM

E067 FM 5-25, 5-34, 20-32, TM 9-1345-203-12 &P, STP 7-11M2-SM

E068 TM 11-5895-1047-10, STP 7-11M2-SM

E069 FM 7-7J

E070 FM 7-7J, STP 7-1111-SM

EO1-081 FM 7-7J, 7-8, 21-48, 3-5, 21-40; STP 7-11M34-SM,

Ranger Handbook

E082-084 FM 21-40, 3-5, 21-48

E085 FM 7-7J, 21-75-2

E086 FM 7-8, STP 7-11M34-SM

E087 FM 7-7J, 21-48, 21-2, 3-5, 21-3, TM 11-6665-209-10,

11-6665-232-12

E088-094 FM 7-7J, STP 7-11M34-SM

E095-104 FM 7-7J

F001-003 FM 9-2350-252-10-2 Applicable local regulations, and unit SOP

VIA03

. .*
SECTION VII

Bibliography

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sustained field activity on tank crew performance (Technical Report 71-16).

Alexandria, VA: Human Resources Research Organization.

Baker, R. M. (1978). Concept evaluation of night operational vision devices

for the individual combat engineer (Final Report). Fort Knox, KY: U.S.

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Banks, J. H., Sternberg, J. J., & Farrell, J. P. (1970). Effects of

continuous military operations on selected military tasks (Research Report

1166). Alexandria, VA: Army Research Instituta for the Behavioral and

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Banks, J. H., Sternbert, J. J., Cohen, B. J., & DeBow, H. (1971). Improved

search techniques with passive vision devices (Technical Research Report

1169). Washington, DC: BESRL.

Bauer, R. W. & Bleda, P. R. (1979). Night armor training in simulated

darkness (Research Report 1212). Alexandria, VA: Army Research Institute

for the Behavioral and Social Sciences.

Bishop, H. P. (1971). Hardware parameters related to operator training

capabilities (Professional Paper 9-71). Alexandria, VA: Human Resources

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Bleda, P. GO (1979). Application of light-attenuating devices (LADs) to night

rifle marksmanship training (Research Memorandum 79-2). Alexandria, VA:

Army Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences.

Bleda, P. R. & Bauer, R. W. (1978, May-June). Night training simulations.

Armor, pp. 39-42.

Bleda, P. R. & Farrell, J. P. (1979). Development of light-attenuating

devices (LADs) to simulate night visibility during daylight (Technical

Paper 375). Alexandria, VA: Army Research Institute for the Behavioral

and Social Sciences.

Bleda, P. R. & Johnson, T. M. (1978, March). The goggles that turn off the

sun. Army, pp. 36-39.

Bleda, P. R. & Labrozzi, A. (1979, March-April). In the dark of the day.

Infantry, pp. 32-34.

Bleda, P. R. (1979). Simulating various moon illumination levels with lightattenuating devices (LADs) (Technical Paper 374). Alexandria, VA: Army

Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences.

VIIAO

:'J " " -' " " " ' I , ". " " -. " " " " ' " . . . i " - " " " ' ,
Boycan, G. G. & Osborn W. C. (1972). Methods for training ground surveillance

radar operators (Consulting Report CR-D2-72-2). Alexandria, VA: Human

Resources Research Organization.

Chastain, G. D., Ton, W. H. & Kubala. A. L. (1979). Fatigue effectc from

wearing the AN/PVS-5 night vision goggles (Technical Report TR-79-A16).

Alexandria, VA: Army Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social

Sciences.

Cockrell, J. T. (1979). Effective training for target identification under

degraded conditions (Technical Paper 358). Alexandria, VA: Army Research

Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences.

Collins, A. S., Jr. (1978). Common sense in training. Novato, CA: Presidio

Press.

Department of the Army Field manual FM 1-88: Aviator's recognition manual.

(1980). Washington, DC: HQ Department of the Army.

* Department of the Army Field manual (draft) FM 7-11M/TG: Trainer's guide MOS

11M, fighting vehicle infantryman. (1982). Washington, DC: HQ Department

of the Army.

Department of the Army Field manual FM 7-20: The infantry battalion. (1978).

Washington, DC: HQ Department of the Army.

Department of the Army Field manual 21-2: Soldier's manual of common tasks,

skill level 1. (1983). Washington, DC: HQ Department of the Prmy.

Department of the Army Field manual 23-1 (Test): Bradley fighting vehicle

gunnery. (1983). Washington, DC: HQ Department of the Army.

Department of the Army Field manual FM 23-34-i: Improved TOW vehicle, M901.

(1982). Washington, DC: HQ Department of the Army.

Department of the Army Field manual FM 25-2 (Test): How to manage training

units. (1982). Washington, DC: HQ Department of the Army.

Department of the Army Poster, TA-G-127: Warsaw pact tank and armored vehicle

recognition guide. (1984). Fort Benning, GA: U.S. Army Infantry School.

Department of the Army Soldier training publication, STP 7-11M1-SM: Soldier's

manual, MOS 11M 1, Skill Level 1. (1984). Washington, DC: HQ Department

of the Army.

Department of the Army soldier training publication, STP 7-111M2-SM: Soldier's

manual, MOS 1lM 2, Skill Level 2. (1984). Washington, DC: HQ Department

of the Army.

Department of the Army Soldier training publication, STP 7-11M34-SM: Soldier's

manual, MOS 11M 34, Skill Level 34. (1984). Washington, DC: HQ

Department of the Army.

VIIA02

dl- .7
Department of the Army Special text ST 7-7-1: The mechanical infantry platoon

and squad (IFV). (1979). Fort Benning, GA: U.S. Army Infantry School.

Department of the Army Special text (draft) ST 17-99: Mounted night

operations. (1983). Fort Knox, KY: U.S. Army Armor School.

Department of the Army Technical manual (draft) TM 9-2350-252-10-2: Fighting

vehicle, infantry, M2, and fighting vehicle, cavalry, M3, turret. (1982).

Washington, DC: HQ Department of the Army.

Department of the Army Training text TT 71-1J: The mechanized infantry company

team. (1982). Fort Monroe, VA: Training and Doctrine Command.

*Drucker, E. H., Cannon, L. D., & Ware, J. R. (1969). The effects of sleep

deprivation on performance over a 48-hour period (Technical Report 69-8).

Alexandria, VA: Army Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social

Sciences.

Edwards, L. R., Sterling, S. P., & Martinek, H. (1977). Error analysis of

unattended ground sensor operators' reports (Research Memorandum 77-1).

Alexandria, VA: Army Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social

Sciences.

Edwards, L. R., Sterling, S. P., Biggs, B. E., & Martinek, H. (1978). The

effects of workload on performance of operators monitoring unattended

ground sensors (Technical Paper 321). Alexandria, VA: Army Research

Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences.

Emanski, J. J., Jr. (1977). Continuous land combat (Technical Rcport 4940).

Washington, DC: Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency.

Engel, J. D. (1970). A comparison of instructional approaches for training

operators of the night operations device, long range, AN/TSS-7 (Consulting

Report). Alexandria, VA: Human Resources Research Organization.

Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology (1970). A study of

individual variability in dark adaptation and night vision in man

(Technical Report). Rockville, MD: FASEB.

Flannery, C. 1. (1978). Night operations - the Soviet approach (Final

Report). Fort Leavenworth, KS: U.S. Army Command and General Staff

College.

Frank, R. J. D., Gipe, W. N., & Warnick, W. L. (1969). A pictorial program

for the starlight scope (Research Byproduct). Alexandria, VA: Human

Resources Research Organization.

Gordon, D. A. (1957). A survey of human factors in night operations (Special

Report 11). Washington, DC: Human Resources Research Office, The George

Washington University.

VIIA03
Kopstein, F. F., Siegel, A. I., Wilson, L. B., & Ozkaptan, H. (1979). Human

performance in continuous operations. Vol. II. Management guide (Research

Product 80-4c). Alexandria, VA: Army Research Institute for the

Behavioral and Social Sciences.

Manning, F. J. (1979). Continuous operations in Europe: Feasibility and the

effects of leadership and training. Parameters, 9(3), 8-16.

Maaning, F. J. & Ingraham, L. H. (1981). Who melts, when, and why? Field

Artillery Journal, 49(3), 13-16.

Marshall, A., Bond, G., & Shaw, B. (1983). Battlefield identification friendor-foe (BIFF) - thermal sight trainer (Report No. PM TRADE-ET-0002-83).

Orlando, FL: DARCOM Project Manager Training Devices.

Morgan, B. B., Jr., Brown, B. R., & Alluisi, E. A. (1970). Effects of 48

hours of continous work and sleep loss on sustained performance (Report No.

ITR-70-16). Louisville, KY: Louisville University, Performance Research

Laboratory.

Night show. (1983, Summer). Army Trainer, pp. 4-7.

Packard, J. W. (1982). Independent evaluation report for remotely monitored

battlefield sensor system (REMBASS-IA) operational test II (Final Report).

Fort Huachuca, AZ: U.A. Army Intelligence Center and School.

Palmer, J. E., D'Agostino, J., & Little, T. J. (1982). Infrared recognition

and target handbook. Fort Belvoir, VA: Night Vision and Electro-Optics

Laboratory.

Pilette, S., Biggs, B., & Martinek, H. (1978). The value of special training

and job aids for improving unattended ground-sensor operator performance

(Technical Paper 304). Alexandria, VA: Army Research Institute for the

Behavioral and Social Sciences.

Shriver, E. L., Sivy, J., & Rosenquist, H. S. (1955). Training the rifle

squad in night techniques of fire (Technical Report 17). Washington, DC:

Human Resources Research Office, George Washington University.

Siegel, A. I., Pfeiffer, M. G., Kopstein, F. F., Wilson, L. G., & Ozkaptan, H.

(1979). Human performance in continuous operations: Vol. I. Human

performance guidelines (Research Product 80-4a). Alexandria, VA: Army

Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences.

Siegel, A. I., Pfeiffer, M. G., Kopstein, F. F., Wolf, J. J. & Ozkaptan, H.

(1979). Human performance in continuous operations: Vol. III. Technical

documentation (Research Product 80-4a). Alexandria, VA: Army Research

Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences.

VIIA04
V!v -,-r-n %-k7-7m: L

Smith, N. D., Heuckeroth, 0. H., Warnick, W. L., & Essig, S. S. (1980).

k. Evaluation of a new approach to target acquisition training: The combat

vehicle identification (CVI) training program (Research Report 1304).

Alexandria, VA: Army Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social

Sciences.

Smith, N. D. (1983, April). Thermal target identification. Presentation at

2nd Armured Division Night Fighting Symposium, Fort Hood, TX.

Smootz, E. R. (1980). Human factocs evaluation of selected STANO devices

employed in a mechanized infantry platoon (Research Report 1305).

Alexandria, VA: Army Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social

Sciences.

TRADOC Combined Arms Test Activity (TCATA) (1980). Mechanized infantry in a

smoke environment (MISE) (Test Report 426). Fort Hood, TX: Training and

Doctrine Command Combined Arms Test Activity.

U.S. Defense Intelligency Agency (1976). Soviet ground forces, night

operations (Report No. DDI-1100-128-176). Washington, DC: U.S. Defense

Intelligence Agency.

Weitzman, D. D. & Ozkaptan, H. (1977). A survey of some human factor problems

in night operations (Research Memorandum 77-4). Alexandria, VA: Army

Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences.

Wood, W. C. (1978, July). Human factor aspects of AN/PVS-5 night vision

goggles. U.S. Army Aviation Digest, pp. 32-50.

Woodward, D. P. & Nelson, P. D. (1974). A user oriented review of the

literature on the effects of sleep loss, work-rest schedueles and recover

on performance (Report ACR-206). Washington, DC: Office of Naval

Research.

Young, H. R. & Erickson, J. A. (1980). Effects of combat vehicle interior

light colors on dark adaptation and detection by night vision devices

(Technical Report 12485). Warren, MI: U.S. Army Tank Research and

Development Command.

VIIA05
SECTION VIII

Training Grid: Correlation of Training Objective to Duty Position

by Training Quarter

*TRAINING *DUTY POSITION THAT MUST BE 1QUARTER TO,.~

OBJECTIVE FAMILIAR WITH THE TRAINING OBJECTIVE BE TRAINED

*A001-004 1CO, XO, PL, PSG, MGNR, SL, ASL, GNR, DVR, RATELO, AAS, AR, G, R/S 1 4, 3, 2, 1

*A005-008 1CO, XO, PL, PSG, SL, ASL 1 4, 3, 2, 1

*A009-012 1PL, PSG, MGNR, SL, ASL, AR 4, 3, 2, 1

A013-016 1CO, PL, PSG, MGNR, SL, ASL 14, 3, 2, 1

A017-020 1 CO, PL, PSG, MGNR, 4, 3, 2, 1

*A021-024 1CO, XO, PL, PSG, i4, 3, 2, 1

*A025-028 1PL, PSG, MGNR, SL, ASL, AAS i4, 3, 2, 1

A029-032 PL, PSG, DVR, PSG0 4, 3, 2, 1

A033-036 1PL, PSG, MGNR, SL 1 4, 3

A037 CO. XO, PL, PSG, MGNR, SL, ASL, RATELO, AAS, AR, G, R/S 14, 3, 2, 1

B001 PL, PSG, MGNR, SL, ASL, GNR, DVR, RATELO, AAS, AR, G, R/S 14, 3, 2

B002 CO, XO, PL, PSG, MGNR, SL, ASL 14, 3, 2

B003-006 F L, PSG, MGNR, SL, ASL, GNR, DVR 14, 3, 2

B0708 PPG.MNSAh i 4,3

B007-0081 PL, PSG, MGNR, SL, ASL, GRi4, 3, 2

* CB09-01 PL, PSG, MGNR, SL, ASL, GNR, DVRTL4,AG / 3, 1

cool PL, PSGN, SL, ASL, NR DVRTL, IG 3, 1

C002 P L, PSG, SLN, LSL, GAR 3, 1

C003-0 PL, PSG, MGR, SL, AShGR V, AR, EO A, G R/, 31

C0047 0 PL, PSG, G. SL, ASL, ,,DR ATLAS AG / 3,-1

*C008-009 PL, PSG, MGNR, SL, ASh, RATELO, AAS, AR, G, R/S 1 3, 1

VII 101
TRAINING *DUTY POSITION THAT MUST BE QUARTER TO OBJECTIVE FAMILIAR WITH THE TRAINING OBJECTIVE BE TRAINED

D001-002 CO, PL, PSG, MGNR, SL, ASL, GNR 1 3, 1

D003-004 CO. XO, PL, PSG. MGNR, SL, ASL, GNR, DVR, AAS, AR, G, R/S 3, 1

D005 CO, PL, PSG, MGNR, SL, ASL, GNR, DVR, 3, 1

D006-009 CO. PL, PSG, MGNR, SL, ASL, GNR 3, 1

D010-12 PL, PSG, MGNR, SL, ASL, RATELO, AAS, R/S 3, 1

D013-015 1 G 3, 1

D016-019 AR (For future use)

E001-014 CO, XO, PL 4, 3

E015 CO, XO, PL, PSG 4, 3, 2, 1

E016-019 CO, XO, PL 4, 3, 2, 1

E020-021 CO, XO 1 4, 3, 2 1

E022 CO, XO, PL 4, 3, 2, 1 -K

E023 CO, XO, PL, PSG, MGNR, SL, ASL 4, 3, 2, 1

E024 CO, XO, PL 4, 3, 2, 1

E025 CO, XO, PL, PSG, MGNR, SL, 4, 3, 2, 1

E026 1 CO, XO, PL, PSG. MGNR, SL, ASL, GNR, DVR, RATELO, AAS, AR, G, R/S 4, 3, 2, 1

E027-028 CO, XO, PL, PSG, MGNR, SL, ASL, GNR, DVR, RATELO, AAS, AR, G, R/S 1 4, 3, 2, 1

E02)-035 1 CO, PL, PSG, MGNR, SL, ASL, GNR 4, 3, 2, 1

E036 PL, PSG, MGNR, SL, ASL 4, 3, 2, 1

E037-038 PL, PSG, MGNR, SL, ASL, DVR 1 4, 3, 2, 1

E039-040 XO, PL, PSG. MGNR, SL, ASL, DVR 4, 3, 2, 1

E041-043 CO, XO, PL, PSG, MGNR, SL, ASL, GNR, DVR, RATELO, AAS, AR, G, R/S 4, 3, 2, 1

E044-049 CO, XO, PL, PSG. SL, ASL, DVR 1 4, 3, 2, 1 J..

E050-051 PL, PSG, I!-GNR, SL, ASL 4, 3, 2, 1

VIII02
TRAINING I*DUTY POSITION THAT MUST BE QUARTER TO

OBJECTIVE 'FAMILIAR WITH THE TRAINING OBJECTIVE BE TRAINED

E052-055 CO, XO, PL, PSG, MGNR, Sb 4, 3, 2, 1

E056 PL, PSG, MGNR, SL, ASL, RATELO, AAS, AR, G, R/S 4, 3, 2, 1 ~

E057-058 PL, PSG, IGNR, Sbi, ASL 14, 3, 2, 1 ,

E059-061 1 PL, PSG, SL, ASL 14, 3, 2, 1-

E062-063 PL, PSG, MGNR 4, 3, 2, 1

E064-069 PL, PSG, SL, ASb, RATELO, AAS, AR, G, R/S 14, 3, 2, 1

E070-079 Pb, PSG, Sb, ASL 4, 3, 2, 1

E080 CO, XO, Pb, PSG, MGNR, Sb, ASb, GNR, DVR, RATELO, AAS, AR, G, R/S 14, 3, 2, 1

E081 PL, PSG, Sb, ASb 4, 3, 2, 1

E082-083 CO, XO, Pb, PSG, MGNR, Sb, ASL, GNR, DVR, RATEIJO, AAS, AR, C, R/S 4, 3, 2, 1

E084-092 CO, XO, Pb, PSG, MGNR, Sb, ASb 4, 3, 2, 1

E093-104 1Pb, PSG, Sb, ASb 1 4, 3, 2, 1 -

F001-003 1CO, XO, Pb, PSG, Sb, ASb, GNR, DVR, RATEbO, AAS, AR, G, R/S 14., 3, 2, 1

*COMPANY COMMANDER (CO), COMPANY EXECUTIVE OFFICER (XO), PLATOON bEADER (Pb), PLATOON

SERGEANT (PSG), MASTER GUNNER (MGNR), SQUAD LEADER (Sb), ASST Sb (ASL), GUNNER (GNR),

DRIVER (DVR) , RADIO TELEPHONE OPERATOR (RATEbO), ANTI-ARMOR SPEC (AAS), AUTO RIFLE (AR),

GRENADIER (G), SNIPER (RIS)

VIII03
SECTION VIII

ANNEX A: QUARTERLY TRAINING GOALS BY SUBJECT

A B C D E F I I I I

I STANO iI

QUARTER 1 DEVICES I MAINT 1 WEAPONS I GUNNERY 1 TACTICS SAFETY SI III

II I

I I I INDIVIDUAL! I I I A

XA i XA 1 XA, C _ XA I I I I I I I

(MINUS ISQDI

TRS-2) C

I I Q A I 

SI I I I I I SQUAD c

I I C

2 XB 1 XA, C _ XA

I TR - 1 I I I I C I (MINUS i IPLTI

TRS-2) CI

I I I I I PLA OO

I I I C c, D 

I I I

I I I III

3 XC 1 XB, D i XB XB, D I __ XA

4 XD XB, D i 1 COMPANY XA

IC, D C

II I I

NOTE: (1) "X" indicates those annexes that should be trained during a

certain quarter. 2) A, B, C, or D indicates the following level or type training

required:.

A: Individual task mastery/proficiency.

B: Sustainment/reinforcement training.

C: Unit task mastery/proficiency. (Entire uinit, element, or

selected individuals able to perform tasks as a team: e.g.,

all of squad performs combat vehicle loading, as a unit/team.)

D: Unit task sustainment/reinforcement training.

(3) Tactics is intended to be trained as a build-up process, culminating in a company exercise. Column "E" depicts a suggested training

program (i.e., 3/4 of time shown in column "E" (1st quarter) is

dedicated to individual training and /4 of the time is dedicated

squad training).

VIII004

C: Uit tsk astey/poficenc. (Etir uni, eemen,-o
SECTION IX

Distribution of STANO Devices in the BIFV Infantry Battalion

1 210-INF BN 1 3 210

1MECH E/W J210 RIFLE

BIFV HHC CO.

AN/PVS-4 1 74 1 26 9

PrAN/TVS-5 1 42 30 1 2

AN/PVS-5 1 208 1 75 125

AN/TVS-4 2 2 --

I NOTE: See Section V

for Allocation of

AN/PAS-7 1 14 1 2 3 Equipment by Task

AN/TAS-6 36 9 2 1

AN/TAS-5 1 3 3 9

AN/TRS-21 1 14 2 3

AN/GVS-12 312

AN/UAS-ll 1033

AN/PS-5 ANIGT UVSION 12GLE -- UA-1 =-IH-IS0 E w/NT

ANPS7= ADHLDTEML IRAN/PSS-11 DEECIN SE-MN

AN/PVS-4 = NIHTRA VISION SIGHT (INDVD) ANM 2 IT EARLY SIAR NI SE

AN/TAS-5 = THERMAL VISION SIGHT (DRAGON)

TYA01