Fusulinidae From the 

Graford Formation and 

Winchell Limestone 

Canyon Group 

Upper Pennsylvanian 

in Brown County, Texas 

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 573-C 

Fusulinidae From the 

Graford Formation and 

Winchell Limestone 

Canyon Group 

Upper Pennsylvanian 

in Brown County, Texas 

By DONALD A. MYERS 

CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEONTOLOGY 

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 573-C 

Systematic descriptions of eight species, including 

ftve new species, of Jusulinid Foraminifera from 

the lower part of the Canyon Group, Upper 

Pennsylvanian, central Texas 

UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON 1967 
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 

STEWART L. UDALL, Secretary 

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

William T. Pecora, Director 

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office 

Washington, D.C. 20402 - Price 30¢ (paper cover) 
CONTENTS 

Page Page 

Abstract___________________________________________ C1 Description of species-Continued 

Introduction_______________________________________ 1 Triticites procerus Myers, var. A__________________ C6 

Previous investigations_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 Triticites nebraskensis Thompson, 1934 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 

Acknowledgments_______________________________ 3 Tritic£tes subrnagdalium Myers, n. sp_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 

Description of species_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 Triticites muscerda Myers, n. sp___ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 

Oketaella earglei Myers, 1966_____________________ 3 Tritic1"tes exilimumtus Myers, n. sp__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 

Kansanella voluminosa Myers, n. sp_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 Collecting localities_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 

Triticites procerus Myers, n. sp_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 References cited____________________________________ 16 

ILLUSTRATIONS 

[Plates follow index] 

PLATE 1. Kansanella and Oketaella from the Adams Branch Limestone Member of the Graford Formation. 

2. Triticites from the Graford Formation and the Winchell Limestone. 

FIGURE 1. Generalized outcrop pattern of the Graford Formation and the Winchell Limestone in Brown County, Tex_ ____ _ 

2-8. Graphs showing measurements: 

2. Kansanella volundnosa Myers, n. sp_ .. ___________________________________________________________ _ 

3. Triticites procerus Myers, n. sp __________________________________________________________________ _ 

4. Trit£cites procerus M vers, var. A ________________________________________________________________ _ 

5. Trit1"cites nebraskensis Thompson, 1 934 _______________________________________________________ - ___ _ 

6. Triticites subrnagdalium Myers, n. sp ____________________________________________________________ _ 

7. Triticites musce1·da Myers, n. sp _________________________________________________________________ _ 

8. Triticites exilimuratus Myers, n. sp __________________________________________________________ - ___ -

III 

Page 

C2 

5 

7 

8 

10 

12 

13 

15 

CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEONTOLOGY 

FUSULINIDAE FROM THE GRAFORD FORMATION AND WINCHELL LIMESTONE, CANYON 

GROUP, UPPER PENNSYLVANIAN, IN BROWN COUNTY, TEXAS 

By DONALD A. MYERS 

ABSTRACT 

Eight species of fusulinids referred to the genera Oketaella, 

Kansanella, and Triticites are found in the Graford Formation 

and Winchell Limestone of Brown and northern McCulloch 

Counties in north-central Texas. These formations represent 

the lower part of the Canyon Group of early Late Pennsylvanian age. 

INTRODUCTION 

Marine rocks of Middle and Late Pennsylvanian and 

Early Pern1ian ages in north-central Texas contain an 

abundance of well-preserved fusulinid Foraminifera. 

The differences in the fusulinid faunas in the various 

subformational units are sufficiently distinct that the 

fusulinids rnay be used to identify the member, and in 

some instances, the individual bed from which collections were made. These faunal differences are 

apparent in assen1blages; only rarely are they discernible in a few specimens. 

The area of this report lies entirely within the Colorado River drainage basin in central Texas. It is 

bounded on the east by the base of the Graford Formation and on the west by the top of the Winchell 

Limestone. The north edge of the area is in Brown 

County, where the Graford Formation is overlapped by 

rocks of Cretaceous age. The south edge is in McCulloch County, near the town of Mercury (fig. 1). 

This report describes fusulinids from the Graford 

Formation and Winchell Limestone, of early Late 

Pennsylvanian age, in Brown and McCulloch Counties, 

Tex. The fusulinid collections were made between 

1950 and 1963. 

Eargle (1960) has given a detailed account of the 

Pennsylvanian stratigraphy of the area, n,nd only a 

general summary is presented in this report. 

The Graford Formation, the lowermost forn1ation 

assigned to the Canyon Group, is underlain by the 

Strawn Group, and is overlain by the Winchell Limestone of the Canyon Group. In midcontinent 

terminology, the Graford Formation is of early Missouri 

age. It lies at the base of the faunal zone of Triticites. 

The Graford Formation has been divided in ascending 

order into the Brownwood Shale, the Adams Branch 

Limestone, and the Cedarton Shale Members. Fusulinids are locally abundant in the Brownwood, common 

throughout the Adams Branch, and sparse in the 

Cedarton. 

The Brownwood Shale Member, named by Drake 

(1893, p. 389-391) for exposures near Brownwood, is 

225-300 feet thick in central and southern Brown 

County (Eargle, 1960, p. 64). It consists dominantly 

of gray to red shale and lenticular beds of sandstone, 

and it contains a few thin beds of limestone and ealeareous shale in the lower part. About 50 feet below 

the top of the member there is a zone containing numerous marine fossils and a thin bed that is a coquina 

of fusulinids. 

The Adams Branch Limestone Mernber was named 

by Drake (1893, p. 391) for rocks that crop out along 

the headwaters of Adams Branch west of Brownwood. 

The following stratigraphic section was measured by 

the writer in 1963. The rocks exposed in this section 

are fairly typical of outcrops of the member in Brown 

County, and the thickness of about 36 feet is in dose 

agreement with that reported by Drake (1893, p. 391). 

Section of the Adams Branch Limestone Member of the Graford 

Formation in cuts of the Gulf, Colorado and Santa Fe Railway 

along Adams Branch, 3 miles west-southwest of the traffi.c circle 

in Brownwood, Tex. 

Top of Adams Branch Limestone Member. ft 

Limestone, poorly exposed, locally concealed _____ -- 10 (est.) 

Limestone, light-olive-gray, fine calcarenite; wavy 

bedded in lower 12ft; beds 6-8 in. thick; mediumto light-gray shale partings between limestone 

beds; beds between 12 ft above base and top of 

unit arc evenly bedded and are 6-18 in. thick, 

averaging about 1 ft thick; fusulinids are common 

in lower 14ft and at the top of the unit_________ 22 

Limestone, yellowish-gray, fine calcarenite; locally 

contains minor amounts of pyrite; beds about 1 ft 

thick; contains algal pia tes and sparse fusulinids- - 2 

Concealed; probably limestone to top of Brownwood 

Shale Member of the Graford Formation __ ------ 2 (est.) 

Total Adams Branch Limestone Member_ --- 36 

Cl 
C2 CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEONTOLOGY 

99°00' 

0 5 10 MILES 

Base from Army Map Service 1:250,000 series: 

Brownwood, 1954 

FIGURE I.-Generalized outcrop areas of the Graford Formation (stippled) and the Winchell Limestone (crosshatch) in Brown 

County, Tex (from Cheney and Eargle, 1951). Numbers refer to localities from which collections of fusulinids were made. 
UPPER PENNSYLVANIAN FUSULINIDAE, BROWN COUNTY, TEXAS C3 

The Cedarton Shale ~Iember, named by Drake 

(1893, p. 391-392) for exposures near Cedarton, is 

15-25 feet thick. Exposures of the Cedarton are 

generally lin1ited to roadcuts and strean1 enlbankrnents. According to Eargle (1960, p. 65), gray shale 

near the base of the Cedarton grades upward into red 

shale containing lenticular beds of sandstone. Thin 

beds of argillaceous lirnestone occur near the rniddle 

of the n1en1ber, but fusulinids have been found in 

these beds only in northern McCulloch County. 

The Winchell Lin1estone was nan1ed by Nickell 

(1938, p. 105) and was defined by hin1 as the upperrnost member of the Graford Formation. He used 

the name for a "group of thin lin1estones separated 

by thick shale beds and thin sandstones in the Winchell 

area, in Brown County * * *" Eargle (1960, p. 63, 65) 

redefined the Graford Forrnation, restricting it to beds 

beneath the Winchell Lirnestone and elevated the 

Winchel} to formational rank. According to Eargle, 

the Winchell is about 100 feet thick and consists of 

about one-third limestone, in two sequenees of resistant beds, separated by shale. Fusulinids have been 

found at only two localities, both in the upper part 

of the Winchell. 

PREVIOUS INVESTIGATIONS 

Little information has been published on the fusulinid 

faunas from rocks of the Canyon Group. White (1932) 

deseribed and illustrated several species of fusulinids 

fron1 the Pennsylvanian and lower Permian roeks of 

central Texas, and he briefly discussed their stratigraphic distribution. Myers (1960) illustrated, but did 

not describe several species of fusulinids from the Canyon Group, and related them to the stratigraphic sequence. Myers (1966) described a new species of 

Oketaella fron1 the Adams Branel1 Lirnestone Member of 

the Graford Formation. Other inforn1ation has been 

restricted to ineiden talrnen tion of fusulinids by various 

workers in conjunetion with stratigraphic studies of the 

region. 

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 

The stratigraphie non1enelature used in this report is 

the revised terrninology prepared by Eargle ( 1960), 

whieh is based on his geologic mapping in Brown and 

Colernan Counties and on that by Stafford (1960) and 

Terriere (1960, 1963). lVIueli of the fusulinid n1aterial 

used in this report was eollected by Eargle during his 

geologic mapping. 

DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES 

All figured specimens (pls. 1, 2) have been deposited at 

the U.S. National ~fuseum. All localities mentioned in 

the text are plotted on figure 1 and are described on 

pages 14 and 16. 

Measuren1ents of specimens used to describe the 

various species have been plotted on semilogarithmic 

graphs (figs. 2-8). Graphieal presentation of the data 

has been used in preferenee to the more conventional 

tabulation of data because the writer believes the forn1er 

to be easier to compare and interpret and less susceptible 

to error in transcription. Sen1ilogarithmie graphs 'vere 

used in preference to nonlogarithmic graphs because, as 

pointed out by Burma (1942, p. 742), grmvth in organisms follows "more or less elosely a logarithmic function." By plotting the data on a logarithmie scale, 

n1easurements of the inner vt>lutions are given prominence proportionate to those of the outer volutions. 

Terminology used in the descriptions of species is that 

of Dunbar and Henbest (1942, p. 35-48). The morphology of the fusulinid test and definition of terms are 

also given by Thornpson (1964, p. C360-C381). 

Genus OKETAELLA Thompson, 1951 

Oketaella earglei Myers, 1966 

Pia te 1, figures 1 Q-13 

Staff ella? sp. Myers, 1960, pl. 17, fig. 25. 

Oketaella earglei Myers, 1966, p. B4 7-B50. 

Description.-A small, subspherical to inflated fusifornl species with rounded ends and a maxirnum length 

of about 0.9 mm (millimeter) and a maximum width of 

about 0.6 n1n1. Average length and width of 30 specimens are 0.7 rum and 0.5 mm, respeetively, in mature 

specimens of two to three volutions. 

The height of the volution increases fron1 an average 

of 0.037 mm in the first whorl to 0.053 mm in the 

second, to 0.090 n1rn in the third. The forn1 ratio 

averages 1.2 in the first whorl and 1.4 in the second 

and third whorls. 

The pro loculus is large for the genus. Its external 

dian1eter ranges from 0.085 to 0.158 mrn and averages 

0.124 mn1. It is generally spherical, although it may 

be subquadrate in cross section. The wall of the 

proloculus is about 0.012 mn1 thick. 

The chomata are low and broad. The tunnel is 

poorly defined. The tunnel angle averages about 33° 

in the first volution and about 38° in the seeond. 

The septa are plane except in the polar regions 

where the fluting may be very weak or absent. Septal 

pores have not been noted. The number of septa 

ranges frorn 7 to 9 in the first volution, 11 to 15 in the 

second, and is about 18 in the third. 

The spiral wall has an average thickness of 0.011 rnn1 

in the first volution, 0.016 n1n1 in the second, n,nd 

0.018 mm in the third. It consists of a thin teetun1, 

n,bout 0.0063 n1m thiek, and a keriotheea about 0.0093 

nun thick in the outer whorl. Ten alveoli occupy 

about 0.080 mm. 
C4 CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEONTOLOGY 

Discussion.-Oketaella earglei differs from other 

described species of Oketaella chiefly by its low and 

broad chomata and larger proloculus. 

Age and distribution.-The illustrated specimens are 

from the upper part of the Adams Branch Limestone 

Member of the Graford Formation at locality f10109. 

Other specimens of this species have been noted in the 

upper part of the n1ember elsewhere in Brown County 

and vicinity. Specimens referable to this species have 

also been noted in the Winchell Limestone; however, 

they are very sparse in that unit. 

Figured specimens.-Holotype, USNM 642564; 

paratypes, USN.l\1 642560, 642561; figured specimen 

USN.l\1 686755. 

Genus KANSANELLA Thompson, 1957 

Kansanella voluminosa Myers, n. sp. 

Plate 1, figures 1-9; text figure 2 

Kansanella cf K. neglectus (Newell). Myers, 1960, p. 43, pl. 16, 

fig. (i. 

Kansanella ex gr. K. osagensis (Newell). l\,fyers, 1960, p. 43, 

pl. 16, figs. 7, 8. 

Description.-An elliptical to subcylindrical species, 

with bluntly rounded to pointed ends, that averages 

about 8.5 mn1 long and '2.3 mn1 wide in rnature specimens. l\1

laximum and n1inin1un1length of 30 specimens 

was 11.2 n1n1 and 6.4 rnm, respectively. Maximum and 

n1inimmn width of 33 specimens was 3.0 mm and 1.8 rnrn 

respectively. The forn1 ratio of the exterior whorl 

ranges frmn 2.6 to 4.4 and averages about 3.7. 

l\1ost mature specirnens have seven volutions, but 

some have six or, more rarely, eight. The height of the 

volution increases rapidly from an average of 0.048 mm 

in the second volution to 0.218 mrn in the seventh. 

In the eighth volution, the height averages 0.240 mm 

and n1ay be as much as 0.360 n1m. The form ratio 

increases at a fairly uniform rate from about 1.4 in the 

first volution to 3.9 in the eighth volution. 

Most proloeuli are spherical. The externaJ dian1eter 

of 45 proloculi ranged from 0.073 to 0.194 mm and 

averaged 0.128 mm. The thickness of the proloculus 

wall of 39 specimens ranged from 0.006 to 0.024 mm 

and averaged 0.014 mm. 

The tunnel angle increases uniformly from about 18° 

in the first volution to 27° in the third; it increases to 

an average of 36° between the third and fourth volutions. Thence, it increases uniformly to 58° in the 

seventh volution. An angle as high as 93° has been 

recorded in the sixth volution. The path of the tunnel 

is generally straight, although in smne specimens there 

n1ay be lateral shifting. 

The chon1ata are well developed in all whorls except 

the penultimate. In the juvenile whorls they are low 

broad ridges that extend to the poles; in later whorls 

they are distinct asyn1metric leveelike ridges having 

the steep side toward the tunnel. The chomata generally occupy 40-70 percent of the height of the 

chamber. 

The septa are strongly and irregularly fluted. The 

fluting is most nearly regular in the inner whorls, and 

it becomes extremely variable in intensity in the outer 

whorls. In some specimens, the fluting in the outer 

two or three whorls may be very strong; in others, the 

fluting may be plane. Septal pores are not common; 

however, they have been noted in a few specirnens in 

the outermost whorls. The pores range from 0.012 to 

0.024 rnm in diameter. The number of septa increases 

fron1 9 or 10 in the first whorl to about 30 in the se,~enth 

whorl. 

The spiral wall increases in thickness from an average 

of 0.011 mn1 in the first volution to 0.067 mm in the 

eighth volution. It consists of a thin tectum and n 

keriotheca in which 10 alveoli occupy 0.122-0.150 mm 

in the outer volutions. 

Measurements of this species are shown in figure 2. 

Discussion.-Kansanella voluminosa is similar to 

K. neglecta (Newell), 1934; however, K. voluminosa is 

larger, has a lower form ratio, and has a greater height 

of volution in all whorls. From K. plicatula (Merchant 

and Keroher), 1939, it may be distinguished by its 

slightly sn1aller size, lower form ratio, larger proloculus, and by its more strongly developed chomata. 

The intensity of the septal fluting of K. voluminosa is 

most similar to that of K. osagensis (Newell), however, 

K. osagensis is much n1ore slender, has a smaller proloculus, and has a higher form ratio in all volutions. 

Age and distribution.-This species has been found 

in the lower part of the Adams Branch Limestone 

Member near Brownwood at localities f10001, f1001:3, 

f10112, f10113, and £10114. Specimens referable to 

the genus Kansanella have not been found above the 

basal few feet of the Adams Branch Limestone l\fember 

in Central Texas. 

Types.-Holotype, USN.l\~1 686749 ;paratypes, USNl\f 

686746-686748, 686750-686754. 

Genus TRITICITES Girty, 1904 

Triticites procerus Myers, n. sp. 

Plate 2, figures 1-6, 8; text figure:~ 

Descripti.on.-A slender fusiform species, with rounded 

to slightly pointed ends, that averages 5.7 mm in 

length and 1.6 n1n1 in width in n1atnre specimens of 

six to seven volutions. The form ratio of the exterior 

whorl ranges from 3.2 to 5.0 and averages :3.7. The 

axis is straight or slightly arcuate. 

l\1ost mature specimens have six volutions, but 

son1e have five or seven. The rate of coiling is generally 

uniform from the second volntion to n1aturity, although 
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C6 CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEONTOLOGY 

the seventh whorl Inay be somewhat Inore tightly 

roiled than the preceding ones. The form ratio ranges 

from 1.0 to 1.9 in the first whorl to a maximun1 of 4.6 

in the fifth whorl, 4.2 in the sixth, and 5.0 in the 

seventh. 

The pro loculus is spherical; its outside dia1neter 

ranges from 0.056 to 0.126 n1m and averages 0.099 mm. 

The thickness of the prolorulus wall averages 0.011mm. 

The tunnel is broad. The tunnel angle ranges from 

an average of 23° in the first volution to an average of 

67° in the sixth. The greatest change in tunnel angle 

is between the third and fourth volutions where the 

angle averages 34° and 47°, respectively. The path 

of the tunnel is relatively straight; however, there may 

be slight lateral shifting in the outern1ost whorls. 

The chomata are well developed in all whorls but 

the penultimate. They generally occupy about half 

the height of the chamber, and in the earlier whorls 

extend almost to the poles of the volution. In the 

later whorls, the chomata are less broad and form distinct leveelike ridges on the floor of the volution. 

The septa in the axial region of the test may be 

weakly and irregularly fluted, but are generally plane 

except in the polar regions where they are weakly 

fluted. Septal pores were noted in the outer whorls of 

a few specimens, where they range from 0.007 to 0.018 

mm in dian1eter. The number of septa in a single 

specimen gradually increases from 10 in the first volution to 26 in the sixth (pl. 2, figs. 6, 8). 

The spiral wall is thin, ranging from 0.007-0.012 mm 

in the first volution to 0.050-0.084 n1n1 in the outer 

whorl of mature specimens. It consists of a thin tectum 

and a keriotheca in which 10 alveoli occupy 0.087-

0.136 n1n1 in the sixth whorl. 

Measurements of this species are shown in figure 3. 

Discussion.-Triticites procer·us is one of the earlier 

species referable to the genus Triticites. It is characterized by the very thin wall, by the fusulinelloid chomata in the early whorls, by the small proloculus, by 

the close spacing and small size of the alveoli, and by 

the weak to plane septal fluting. T. procerus is most 

similar to T. ohioensis Thompson, 1936 (of Thompson, 

1957), but is somewhat smaller, has a larger proloculus, larger tunnel angle, and thicker spiral wall. 

Age and distribution.- Triticites procerus has been 

found in a limestone lentil about 60 feet above the base 

of the Brownwood Shale Member at localities fl0016 

and f10097. It has also been found at the typical 

sections of the Palo Pinto Limestone of Plummer and 

Hornberger (1935), in Palo Pinto County, at locality 

f10098. 

Types.-Holotype USNM 686756; paratypes USNM 

686757-686762. 

Triticites procerus Myers, var. A 

Plate 2, figures 7, 13; text figure 4 

Description.-A subcylindrical to fusiform forn1 with 

rounded ends; mature speciinens average 6.6 mm in 

length and 1.8 mm in width. The form ratio of the 

exterior whorl ranges from 2.8 to 4.6 and averages 3.9. 

11ost mature specin1ens have six whorls. The rate 

of coiling increases rather uniformly from the first 

whorl to the last. The form ratio inereases uniformly 

from 2.2 in the first whorl to 2.6 in the third; it increases 

to 3.3 in the fourth whorl and to 4.0 in the fifth. In 

most specimens, the form ratio decreases to an average 

of 3.9 in the sixth whorl. 

The pro loculus is spherical; its external diameter 

ranges from 0.097 to 0.170 mn1 and averages 0.122 mm. 

The tunnel angle increases more or less nniforn1ly 

fron1 an average of 24° in the first whorl to 75° in 

the sixth. The path of the tunnel is straight. 

The chomata are well developed in all whorls but 

the penultimate, where they n1ay be poorly developed. 

In the juvenile whorls, the chomata are broad ridges 

that may extend to the poles; in later whorls, they 

form distinct leveelike sym1netric to slightly asymmetric ridges. They generally occupy about half the 

height of the chamber. 

The septa are irregularly fluted. The fluting is 

moderate to strong in the polar regions of the test 

and weak to moderate in the equatorial regions. No 

septal pores were noted. The number of septa 

increases fron1 about 10 in the first volution to about 

23 in the fifth. 

The spiral wall is about 0.012 Inm thick in the 

first volution. It inereases uniformly in thickness fron1 

0.014 mn1 in the second volution to an average of 0.055 

mn1. in the sixth. It consists of a thin teet. tun and a 

keriotheca in which 10 alveoli occupy 0.136-0.152 mm 

in the fifth volution. 

Measurements of this species are shown in figure 4. 

Discussion.-Triticites procerus lVIyers, var. A, fron1 

the Cedarton Shale l\1ember differs from typical 

T. procerus of the Brownwood Shale l\!Ien1ber (pl. 2, 

figs. 1-6, 8) only in minor details, but these differences 

apparently have stratigraphic value; hence, the Cedarton fonn has been described separately from the 

Brownwood form. From the Brownwood form of 

T. procerus, the Cedarton form differs in having a 

slightly greater forn1 ratio, somewhat larger proloculus, 

slightly coarser alveolar texture in the keriotheca, and 

minor variance in the tunnel angle. The differences 

between the two forn1s are so slight that the writer 

does not believe that they are of subspecific value. 

Age and d1:stribu.tion.-The material came from 

about the middle of the Cedarton Shale 1\!Iember, 
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south-southwest of ~1ercury, McCulloch County, 

locality £10117. 

Figured specimens.-USNl\1 686763, 686764. 

Triticites nebraskensis Thompson, 1934 

Plate 2, figures 9-11, 14, 15; text figure .5 

Triticites irregularis (Schellwien and Staff, 1912, first form). 

White, 1932, p. 47-49, pl. 4, figs. 1-3. 

Triticites irregularis (Schellwien and Staff, 1912, second form)? 

White, 1932, p. 49-50, pl. 4, figs. 4-6. 

Triticites ex gr. T. irregularis (Schellwicn and Staff, 1912). 

Myers, 1960, pl. 16, figs. 14, 15. 

Description.-An elliptical to fusiforn1 species, with 

rounded ends, which in mature specin1ens of six whorls 

averages 3.9 mn1 in length and 1.2 1nm in width. The 

form ratio of the exterior whorl of n1ature specimens 

ranges from 2.4 to 3.8 and averages 3.0. The axis is 

straight to slightly arcuate. 

Most mature specimens have six whorls, but some 

have five or seven. The rate of coiling is uniform in 

the first five whorls, but declines somewhat in the sixth. 

The form ratio ranges fron1 1.0 to 2.4 in the first whorl 

to a maximu1n of 4.2 in the fifth. The forn1 ratio shows 

the greatest rate of increase in the first three whorlsfronl an average of 1.3 in the first to an average of 2.5 

in the third. It increases more slowly, to an average of 

3.2, in the sixth whorl. 

The proloculus is spherical; its external diameter 

ranges from 0.061 to 0.122 1nm and averages 0.097mm. 

The thickness of the proloculus wall averages 0.013 mm. 

The tunnel is broad. The tunnel angle ranges from 

an averao·e of 21° in the first volution to an average of b 

50° in the fourth. A single specimen measured 74° in 

the fifth volution. The tunnel angle inereases at a 

nwre or less uniforn1 rate throughout the test. The 

path of the tunnel is relatively straight; however, there 

n1ay be slight lateral shifting in the outermost whorls. 

The ehomata are well developed. They generally 

occupy frmn two- to three-fifths of the height of the 

chamber, and in the earlier whorls n1ay extend almost 

to the poles of the volution. In the later whorls, 

though still broad, the elwn1ata usually do not extend 

1nore than a fraction of the distance to the poles, and 

they forn1 distinet leveelike ridges on the floor of the 

volution. 

The septa are plane throughout the axial regions of 

the test but beeome weakly fluted in the polar extrenllhes. No septal pores were observed. The number of 

septa increases gradually frmn about 7 in the first 

volution to about 17 in the fifth. 

The spiral wall is thin, ranging from 0.012 to 0.024 

mm in thiekness in the early volutions. It gradually 

increases in thiekness to about 0.050 mn1 in the fifth 

whorl. It consists of a thin teetum and keriotheca in 

which 10 alveoli oecupy 0.136-0.152 mm in the sixth 

245-715 0-67--2 

whorl. Preservation of the alveoli is such that they 

are rarely diseernible. 

Measurements of this species are shown in figure 5. 

Discussion.-The primitive eharaeter of Triticites 

nebraskensis, one of the earlier speeies of the genus 

Triticites, is indieated by the very thin wall, by the 

fusulinelloid chomata in the early whorls, by the small 

proloeulus, and by the close spacing of the alveoli. T. 

nebraskensis may be distinguished from the other 

members of this group chiefly by its sn1all size and by its 

elliptical axial eross section. 

Triticites nebraskensis from the Brownwood Shale 

Member has a thieker wall and larger tunnel angle in 

all volutions than the form of T. nebraskensis from the 

Cherryvale Shale of Iowa and Missouri as deseribed by 

Thompson (1957, p. 319). The ~ize of the test, the form 

ratio, and the number and height of volutions are about 

the same in both forms. The average diameter of the 

proloeulus of the Cherryvale Shale form described by 

Thompson is 0.072 mm; that of the Brownwood Shale 

lVIember form is 0.097 mm. The above differenees 

between the two forms are slight; they are believed to be 

due to geographie or environmental faetors, and are 

not of speeific or subspecific value. 

Age and distribution.-Triticites nebraskensis has 

been found in a 6-inch-thick argillaceous limestone bed, 

a coquina of fusulinids assigned to this species, about 

50 feet below the top of the Brownwood Shale Mmnber 

of the Graford Formation at locality fl0014, west of 

Brownwood. It has also been found in less abundance 

in a limestone lentil about 60 feet above the base of the 

Brownwood Shale Men1ber at locality f10032, and at 

locality f10096. 

Figured specimens.-USNM 686765-686769. 

Triticites submagdalium Myers, n. sp. 

Plate 2, figures 12, 16-19; text figure 6 

Triticites irregularis Myers, 1960, pl. 16, figs. 16-17 · 

Description.-An elongate subcylindrical species, 

with bluntly rounded ends, as nuwh as 8 mm long and 

2 mm wide in n1ature specimens of six volutions. The 

form ratio of the exterior whorl ranges from 3.6 to 5.9 

and averages 4.3. The axis is straight to slightly 

arcuate. 

l\1ost n1ature specimens have six volutions. The rate 

of coiling is generally uniform from the second whorl to 

maturity. The forn1 ratio increases uniformly from an 

average of 1.7 in the first volution to an average of 4.2 

in the fifth, and decreases to an average of 4.1 in the 

sixth. 

The proloculus is spherieal; its external dian1eter 

ranges from 0.098 to 0.146 mn1 and averages 0.122 mm. 

The thiekness of the proloeulus wall averages 0.012 mm. 
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The tunnel is broad. The tunnel angle increases 

uniformly from an average of 30° in the first volution to 

48° in the third. It increases abruptly to 67° in the 

fourth volution and is about 80° in the fifth. The 

path of the tunnel displays lateral shifting in the outer 

whorls of most specimens. 

The chomata are low and broad. In the earlier 

whorls the epithecal deposits that form the chomata 

extend to the poles. In later whorls, these deposits 

form distinct leveelike ridges on either side of the tunnel. 

The chomata occupy about half the height of the chamber in the earlier whorls; they decrease in.height in later 

whorls, and they may be absent in the penultimate 

whorl. 

The septa are weakly to moderately fluted along the 

axis and in the polar regions. They are plane to weakly 

fluted in the outer whorls. The number of septa gradually increases from 7 to 10 in the first volution to about 

20 in the sixth. Septal pores were not noted. 

The spiral wall is about 0.012 mm thick in the first 

volution and gradually increases to about 0.060 mm in 

the sixth. The spirotheca consists of a thin tectum and 

a keriotheca in which 10 alveoli occupy 0.136-0.174 mm 

in the outer whorls of n1ature specimens. 

Measurements of this species are shown in figure 6. 

Discussion.-Triticites submagdalium is a member of 

the group of T. irregularis. It most closely resentbles 

T. procerus; however, it may be distinguished from that 

species by its somewhat larger form ratio, by the much 

larger tunnel angle in the fifth whorl, and by the more 

rapid rate of uncoiling. ~rom T. nebraskensis it may be 

distinguished by its greater size, greater form ratio, 

faster rate of uncoiling, and greater tunnel angles. 

Age and distribution.-This species has been found in 

the Brownwood Shale Member of the Graford Formation in a limestone lentil about 60 feet above the base of 

the member at locality f10033. 

Types.-Holotype, USNl\1 686771; para types, USNM 686770, 686772-68677 4. 

Triticites muscerda. Myers, n. sp. 

Plate 2, figures 2D-27, 29, 31; text figure 7 

Triticites ohioensis Thompson, 1936. Myers, 1960, p. 43, pl. 16, 

figs. 1-4. 

Description.-An elliptical to subcylindrical species 

with rounded ends. It averages 6.2 n1n1 in le~gth and 

1.8 mm in width. The forn1 ratio of the exterior whorl 

ranges from 2.4 to 5.1 and averages 3.4. 

Most mature specimens have six whorls, but they rnay 

have seven or eight. The rate of coiling increases at a 

uniforn1 rate to the sixth whorl and decreases son1ewhat 

in the outer whorls. The form ratio increases uniformly 

fron1 an average of 1.8 in the first whorl to an average of 

3.3 in the fifth; the rate decreases to an average of 3.6 in 

the seventh whorl. 

The proloculus is usually spherical, although in a few 

specimens it may be elliptical. The outside diameter 

ranges from 0.097 to 0.215 mm and averages 0.129 mm. 

The wall of the proloculus has an average thickness of 

about 0.012 mm. 

The tunnel angle increases at a fairly uniform rate 

from about 21° in the first whorl to about 57° in the 

fifth; the rate of increase diminishes in the sixth whorl 

where the average is 61°. A single specimen has n 

tunnel angle of 72° in the seventh whorl. The path of 

the tunnel is generally straight, although lateral shifting 

of the tunnel has been noted in the outer whorls. 

The chomata are well developed in all whorls but the 

penultimate. In the earlier whorls the chomata are 

broad ridges that extend to the poles of the volution; in 

the later whorls, the chomata form distinct leveelike 

ridges having the steep side toward the tunnel. They 

generally occupy from half to three-fourths of the 

height of the chamber. 

The septa are weakly to moderately fluted; the 

strongest fluting is in the axial and polar regions of the 

inner whorls. Fluting may be absent in the outer 

whorls, especially in the equatorial regions of the test. 

Septal pores are sparse, occurring mostly in the outer 

whorls where they average 0.012 mm in diameter in the 

sixth whorl. The number of septa increases at an 

irregular rate from an average of 9 in the first whorl to 

an average of 26 in the sixth whorl. A single specimen 

had 28 septa in the seventh whorl. 

The spiral wall increases in thickness from 0.012 mn1 

in the first whorl to 0.056 mm in the sixth. It is composed of a thin tectum and a keriotheca in which 10 

alveoli occupy 0.90-0.152 mm in the outer volutions of 

n1ature specimens. 

Measurements of this species are shown in figure 7. 

Discussion.-Triticites muscerda Myers, n. sp., n1ost 

closely resembles T. ohioensis Thompson, 1936. T. 

muscerda has a larger proloculus and has fewer volutions 

and fewer septa per volution. Fron1 other members of 

the group of T. irregularis, T. muscerda may be distinguished by its larger size, its larger proloculus, and by 

the shape of the volutions in axial sections. 

Age and distribution.-This species has been found 

near the top of the Adams Branch Limestone Member 

of the Graford Formation at many localities. The 

specin1ens used for description of this species came from 

localities £10018, f10028, f10099, £10100, £10110, £10115, 

and £10116. 

Types.-Holotype, USNI\-1 686778; para types, 

USNM 686775-686777, 686779-686784. 
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C14 CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEONTOLOGY 

Triticites exilimuratus Myers, n. sp. 

Plate 2, figures 28, 30, 32-36; text figure 8 

Triticites ex gr. T. irregularis (Schellwien and Staff), 1912. 

Myers, 1960, p. 43, pl. 17, figs. 19, 20, 22-24. 

Description.--An elliptical fusiform to subcylindrical species with bluntly rounded to pointed ends; 

mature specimens average about 3 mm in length and 

about 1.1 mm in width. The forn1 ratio of the exterior 

whorl ranges from 2.2 to 3.2 and averages 2.9. 

11ost mature specimens have five or six volutions. 

The rate of coiling increases in an almost parabolic 

curve from an average volution height of 0.021 mm in 

the first volution to an average volution height of 0.126 

mm in the sixth volution. The form ratio increases 

uniformly from an average of 1.5 in the first volution to 

2.8 in the sixth. 

The proloculus is spherical; in 41 specimens the 

external diameter ranged frmn 0.055 to 0.110 mm and 

averaged 0.073 mm. In these specimens the thickness 

of the proloculus wall ranged from 0.008 to 0.012 mn1 

and averaged 0.009 n1m. 

The tunnel angle increases from an average of 21° in 

the first volution to an average of 46° in the fifth. The 

path of the tunnel is generally straight. 

The chomata are well developed. In the earlier 

whorls the chomata extend to the poles; in later whorls, 

they form distinct leveelike ridges having the steep 

side toward the tunn,el. They generally occupy more 

than half the height of the chamber. 

The septa are plane or weakly fluted in the equatorial 

regions of the test and moderately fluted in the polar 

regions. Septal pores have not been noted. The nunlber of septa increases uniformly from an average of 9 in 

the first volution to an average of 24 in the sixth. 

The spiral wall is composed of a thin tectun1 that is 

about 0.005 mn1 thick in the outer whorls, and an 

alveolar keriotheca in which 10 alveoli oeeupy 0.100-

0.13 6 rnrn in the outer whorls. The wall is very thin 

for a triticite. Its thickness averages 0.007 mn1 in the 

first whorl and inereases gradually to an average of 

0.049 mn1 in the sixth whorl. 

Measurements of this species are shown in figure 8. 

Discussion.-Triticites exilimuratus differs from other 

members of the group of T. irregulan:s in being somewhat smaller and in having a lower form ratio, a smaller 

proloculus, a narrow tunnel that increases uniformly in 

width frmn the first volution to the outer volutions, 

and a thinner wall. 

Age and distribution.- Triticites exilimuratU-8 has been 

found in the Winchell Limestone at localities f10080 

and fl0081. Poorly preserved specimens referable to 

this species have also been found in the Cedarton Shale 

Member of the Graford Formation at loeality f10118, 

at about the middle of the member. The Cedarton 

forms are somewhat smaller and usually have one less 

volution than the Winchell forms; in other characteristics, the forms are virtually the same. 

Type8.-Holotype, USN11 686785; paratype~, 

USN~f 686786-686791. 

COLLECTING LOCALITIES 

The following register of collecting localities has been 

compiled in large part from notes taken by the collector 

and is arranged in stratigraphic sequence starting with 

the oldest units. Localities from the same member 

have been placed in numerical order. The "f" preceding 

the digits identifies the locality as a U.S. Geologieal 

Survey Foraininifern collecting locality; the localities 

are shown on figure 1. 

Brownwood Shale Member of the Graford Formation 

f10014. Brown County. Collected from a 6-in. limestone bed 

that is a fusulinid coquina, 53ft below the top of the member. 

Roadcut of U.S. Highways 67 and 84 in steep hill overlooking Brownwood, 1 mile west of junction with State 

Highway 279 and crossing of Gulf, Colorado and Santa Fe 

Railway. Collected by D. H. Eargle, Apr. 20, 1950. 

f10016. Brown County. Collected from 6-in. bed of impure 

ferruginous limestone, which is a coquina of fusulinids, and 

from overlying brown-weathering 4-in clay bed 0.7 mile 

northeast of Owens, 0.2 mile south of road crossing, in ditch 

on east side of road. Collected by D. H. Eargle, 

July 11, 1951. 

fl0032. Brown County. Fusulinids occur in gray-weathering 

limestone. North of east-trending road in badland type 

of topography, 2.1 miles S. 85° E. of Winchell. Collected 

by D. A. Myers, May 8, 1953. 

f10033. Brown County. Limestone slightly above the middle 

of the Brownwood Shale Member. On old BrownwoodBrady highway, 0. 7 mile northeast of right-angle bend of 

highway; 3.8 miles N. 55° E. of Winchell; 3.4 miles S. 

15° E. of Brookesmith. Collected by D. H. Eargle and 

D. A. Myers, May 7, 1953. 

f10096. Brown County. Fusulinid-bearing fossiliferous limestone about 2 ft thick. In bed of small dry creek 2.5 miles 

southwest of Owens on Cox and McGinnis Ranch (1951). 

Collected by D. H. Eargle, July 11, 1951. 

f10097. McCulloch County. Calcareous siltstone and shale 

containing calcareous concretions. On south side of Colorado River, on river bend convex to the south; 0.2 mile 

southeast of junction of Colorado River and Crooked 

Branch (Rough Hollow); 0. 7 mile southeast of Winchell; 

0.1 mile east of old Winchell crossing on the Colorado 

River. Collected by D. A. Myers and D. H. Eargle, 

May 7, 195:3. 

f10098. Palo Pinto County. Typical sections of Palo Pinto 

Limestone (Plummer and Hornberger, 1935, p. 47). 4-in.-

thick lenticular limestone ledge about midway up west 

wall of quarry, beneath a layer of bellerophontict anrl 

other gastropods, and brachiopods, mostly Cornposita. 

Collected by D. A. Myers, June 18, 1953. 
UPPER PENNSYLVANIAN FUSULINIDAE, BROWN COUNTY, TEXAS 

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PLATES l and 2 
PLATE 1 

FIGUREs 1-9. Kansanella voluminosa Myers, n. sp. (X 10) (p. C4). 

1-5. Axial sections. 

1. USNM 686746 from USGS loc. f10114, slide 8. 

2. USNM 686747 from USGS loc. f10113, slide 3. 

3. Note septal pores in the outer whorls. USNM 686748 from USGS loc. f10112, slide 5. 

4. Holotype, USNM 686749 from USGS loc. f10114, slide .5. 

5. USNM 686750 from USGS loc. f10112, slide 12. 

6. Equatorial section. USNM 686751 from USGS loc. f10001, slide 9. 

7. Equatorial section. USNM 686752 from USGS loc. f10013, slide 8. 

8. Axial section. USNM 686753 from USGS loc. f10001, slide A. 

9. Axial section. USNM 686754 from USGS loc. f10013, slide 1. 

10-13. Oketaella earglei Myers, 1966 (X 100) (p. C3). 

10-12. Axial sections. 

1') .:>. 

10. Characteristic lack of septal fluting and large proloculus. USNM 686755 from USGS loc. f10109, 

slide 34. 

11. Paratvpe showing alveolar wall in outer whorl. USNM 642564 from USGS loc. f10109, slide 24. 

12. USNM 642560 from USGS loc. f10109, slide 28. 

Equatorial section. USNM 642561 from USGS loc. f10109, slide 36. 
GEOLOG ICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 573-C PLATE I 

KA NSANELLA AND OKETAELLA FROM THE ADAMS BRANCH LIMESTONE MEMBER OF THE GRAFORD FORMATION 
PLATE 2 

[All figures X J] 

FIGURES 1- 6, 8. Trit?:cites procerus Myers, n. sp. (p. C4). 

From the Brownwood Shale Member of the Graford Formation. 

1. Axial section of the holotypc. "CSX:\I 686756 from USGS loc. f10097 , slide 4. 

2-5. Axial sections. 

2. USN M 686757 from USGS loc. f100!)7, slide 5. 

3. USNM 686758 from USGS loc. f10098, slid e :2. 

4. "CS IM 68675!) from "CSGS loc. f 10016, slide 3. 

5. USN JYI 686760 from USGS loc. f 100U7, slide 1. ;\ ote t he septal pores in the outer whorls. 

6. Equatorial section. USK :\1 68676 1 from USGS loc. f10098, slide 3. 

8. Equatorial section. USN:\1 686762 from USGS loc. f10016, slide 10. 

7, 13. Triticites prow·us Myers, var. A (p. C6). 

From the Ccclarton Shale :\Iembcr of the Graford Formation. 

7. Axial section. US~ M 686763 from USGS loc. f 10117, slide 8. 

13. Equatorial section. US~ :\1 686764 from USGS loc. f10117, slide 3. 

9-11, 14, 15. Triticites nebraskensis Thompson, 1934 (p. C9). 

From the Bro\Yll\Yood Shale Member of the Graford Formation. 

H. Ax ial section. USK :\1 686765 from USGS loc. f10096, slide 2. 

10. Equatorial section. US~M 686766 from USGS loc. f10096, slide 6. 

ll. Equatorial section. US ~:\-1 686767 from USGS loc. f10014, slide 4. 

14. Axial section. US:\ :\1 686768 from USGS loc. f100!l6, slide 4. 

15. Axial section. USNM 686769 from USGS loc. f10014, slide 12. 

12, 16- 19. Trilicites submagdaliwn Myers, n. sp. (p. C9). 

From the Browmrood Shale :\1cmbcr of the Graford Formation. 

1:2. Equatorial section. US~ :\1 686770 from USGS loc. fl0033, slide 19. 

16. Axial section of t he holoty pe. USX:\1 686771 from USGS loc. fl003 3, slide 8. 

17. Axial section. USN :\1 686772 from uSGS loc. f10033, slide 3. 

18. Axial section. USNl\1 686773 from USGS loc. f10033, slide 1. 

1!). Ax ial section. "CSNJ\I 686774 from l: SGS loc . f10033, slide 7. 

20-27, 29, 31. Triticites muscerda 1\'Iycrs, n. sp. (p. Cll). 

From the Adams Branch Limestone Member of the Graford Formation. 

:W. Axial section. Xotc septal pores 'n the outer \rhorls. US ~:\I 686775 from USG::-l loc. f10018, slide 16. 

21. Axial section. USK:\I 686776. from USGS loc. f10099, slide 23. 

22. Axial section. US~:\I 686777 from 'CSCS loc. f10018, slide 3G . 

23. Axial section of the holotype. US~l\I 686778 from USGS loc. fl0100, slide 8. 

24. Axial section. 'CS:\:\I 68677!J from 'CSCS loc. f10116, slide G. 

25. Eq11atorial section. l:S:\:\[ 686780 from 'CSCS Joe. £10018, !id e 10. 

26. Eqttaturial section. \;S X:\I 686781 from LSCS loc. f10116, slide 7. 

27. Axial sect ion. "CS~l\I 686782 from "CSGS Joe. f 10115, slide 5. 

2U. Equatorial section. LS:\:\1 G8678::! from U':iCS loc. flOOUU, slide 21. 

31. Equatorial section. "CS:\:\I 686784 from D3GS Joe. f10115, slide o. 

28, 30, :l:2- 36. Tn:ticiles e:rilimnmlus :\fycrs, n. sp. (p. CI-t). 

Specimens llu ~lr:tted :IS figures ;;o :tttd :J6 :m; from Lite Ce<b rlon ~!ta e \lumber of t he Uraford Formation ; 

:Ill others :ll'<' from tit<' \\'inclwll Liineslon<'. 

:21\. Axial sect ion of t lw itolo1 ypl'. l'S \' :\1 68678:> front n;us lac. flOOS l , slide 6. 

:lO. Axial sect ion . l ;s \i :\[ 68678o from UiGS Joe. f I 0 l l R, slidn 4. 

32 Equalori:tl section. Di\i:\[ 6867S7 from LSGS Joe. flOQ8J, slide :22 . 

33. Axial s<'ct ion. l'S\' :\[ 61\6788 from LSCS loc . f10080, slide :25. 

:l4. Eqttn!ori:tl S<'ction. l:S:\:\f 68678\J from l if'CS Joe. f10080, slide ZU. 

35. Axi al sect ion. l'S:\:\1 6867\JO from t;scs loc. 1'10080, slid<' 17. 

36. Ax ial section. S~:\ 1 o8679 1 from USGS Joe. f10 11 8, slid<' 1. 
GEOLOG ICAL · S C. RVEY 

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TRITIC/1'ES F ROM THE GRAF 

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34 ' 

U.S. GOVERN MENT PRINTING OF FICE: 1967- 0 - 245- 71 5