MUA/

Research Note 86-74

In

M

0

SYMBOLOGY SOURCEBOOK FOR MILITARY APPLICATIONS

NBeverly G. Knapp

TI=

Battlefield Information Systems Technical Area

Franklin L. Moses, Chief

SYSTEMS RESEARCH LABORATORY

Robin L. Keesee, Director

CT E

~c1 9 1986

L

*U. S. Army

Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences

APRIL 1986

Approved for public release; disrbution unlimited.

X.-
U. S. ARMY RESEARCH INSTITUTE

FOR THE BEHAVIORAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCES

A Field Operating Agency under the Jurisdiction of the

Deputy Chief of Staff for Personnel

W DARRYL HENDERSON

EDGAR M. JOHNSON (X)L, IN

Technical Director Commanding

DTIC

or II #open hI bee clae o ees o f ee s hi I a no m t n Cete I C) I h b gi ve

"' , ,o ue S

,,j .. or

Thi , epot is be n cleare o r releas to e Def ense Techica , nfom atio e nte ( TiC..f h as bee. gven noother primary distribution and will be avalleble to requestors only through DTIC or other reference services such

as 1w National Technical Inforeaion Saerni INTIS). The vilew, opinions, and/or findings contained in this

report we those of the author(s) and should not be construed as an official Department of the Army position. I

policy. or decision, IJunless so designated by other official documentation. I
UNCLASSIFIED

SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE (hen Date Entered)

REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE READ INSTRUCTIONS

BEFORE COMPLETING FORM

. REPORT NUMBER 2. GOVT ACCESSION NO. S. RECIPIENT'S CATALOG NUMUER

ARI Research Note 8 6-74 )- / rl7 3) 1/

. TITLE dSm titl.) S. TYPE OF REPORT A PERIOD COVERED

SYMBOLOGY SOURCEBOOK FOR MILITARY APPLICATIONS September 1984 - January 1985

6. PERFORMING ORG. REPORT NUMBER

7. AUTNOR(') S. CONTRACT OR GRANT NUMBER(&)

Beverly G. Knapp

S. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS 10. PROGRAM ELEMENT, PROJECT, TASK

U.S. Army Research Institute for the Behavioral AREA& WORK UNIT NUMBERS

and Social Sciences. 5001 Eisenhower Avenue 2QI62717A790

Alexandria, VA 22333-5600

It. CONTROLLING OFFICE NAME AND ADDRESS 12. REPORT DATE

U.S. Army Research Institute for the Behavioral April 1986

and Social Sciences. 5001 Eisenhower Avenue 13. NUMBER OF PAGES

4 Alexandria, VA 22333-5600 138

14. MONITORING AGENCY NAME & ADDRESS(ff different from Controlling Office) 15. SECURITY CLASS. (of this report)

UNCLASSIFIED

IS&. DECLASSI FI CATION/OOWNGRAOING

SCHEDULE

16. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (of this Report)

Approved for public release; distribution unlimited

17. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (of the abstract entered in Block 20, It different from Report)

1S. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

19. KEY WORDS (Continue on revrse side It neceary and identify by block number)

Symbols Symbology Needs

Military Symbology Symbology Survey

TACSYM FM 21-30

/ 7 /,, cJ ( t' j)' *- -,.

20. A8STWAC7 (Cmitu* mi rversen shb N negeeamy, ad Identiftp by block numbsr)

The purpose of this document is to provide an up-to-date reference of all

available military symbols currently being used. This listing is preceded by a

summary of recent ARI research efforts in the area of the design and use of

military symbology. The research efforts proceeded in three stages. The first

stage required the collection and organization of many currently used military symbols to allow comparisons and identify conflicts. This catalog included the

Army Field Manual 21-30 and was the basis for a comprehensive database of

military symbols, known as TACSYM. TACSYM and several other sources 4not

Aritmed by ARI) are listed in this document. -, (continued on back)

i0 OM ,, EDITIO or,, NOV 6sIS OBSOETE o v3o vUNCLASSIFIED

i SECURITY CLASSIFCATIOR OF THIS PAGE (When Data Entered)
UNCIASSIFIED

SECURITY CLASSIFICATION Of THIS PAGE(hon Dala ABnfotd)

item #20 Abstract - continuation

e second research stage was a survey of user's symbology needs.

It revealed two major issues: (1) symbols did not exist for many concepts, and

(2) therefore, users developed their own personalized illustrations for the

concepts, resulting in a myriad of symbols representing the same concept.

The third research stage was to experimentally investigate how to best develop

and portray military symbols. Symbol characteristics such as perceptual

discri~ainablity, associative value, and configuration have been found to affect

symbol detection. A systematic technique for choosing among alternative

symbols was developed and procedures for designing new ones are presently being

investigated.

/4

ii UNCLASSIFIED

SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE(ft~an Data Enteted)
FOREWORD

Military symbology is a widespread communication system used by the Army

to convey battlefield information. For a number of years, the U.S. Army

Research Institute has been oriented toward developing better methods of

displaying symbols. Because new weapons are being developed at a rapid

pace, the Army Field Manual FM 21-30 does not contain symbols for many new

concepts. Research efforts have concluded that FM 21-30 needs to be updated so that new symbols are standardized, hence facilitating communication throughout the Army. This document summarizes recent ARI research in

symbology and catalogs many available sets of military symbols.

The U.S. Army Research Institute has been actively investigating the best

methods of graphically portraying military symbols. Research has identified specific factors that either improve or degrade symbol detection and

subsequent performance. Methods of designing and evaluating new symbols

are being studied, and a method for selecting among alternative symbols

has already been found. The ongoing efforts at ARI will ultimately lead

to a more clear understanding of visual battlefield information.

I

• ,-,ii. .
Table of Contents

General Introduction and Research on Design and Use of Symbols 1

Symbol Sets

Introduction 14

TACSYM automated symbol catalog (17 military sources) 15

Air Defense Symbols 85

Radar Symbols 115

TACFIRE DPM Symbols 126

Wargaming Symbols 128

Experimental Symbologies 129

v
General Introduction and Research on Design and Use of Symbols

Military symbols are an integral part of conveying information pertinent to the battlefield. Symbols are used to identify and summarize important unit information of all kinds. Because they are used so

frequently, symbols have become a language, specified in Army Field Manual

21-30, Military Symbols. Unfortunately, the needs and usefulness of symbols have advanced beyond that specified by the FM and there are many

cases in Which two or more different symbols are used to portray the same

concept. Furthermore, individual units have often found it necessary to

develop their own specialized symbols to convey information specific to

their needs. See Figure 1. With the increased deployment of distributed

C2 and automation, these practices may give rise to numerous problems,

including errors, time delays, confusion, and misunderstandings about the

intended message. Therefore the overall quality of communication may be

degraded.

Researchers at the Battlefield Information Systems Technical Area of

The Army Research Institute developed a three-step program to investigate

the above-mentioned problems and issues in military symbology and to of:er

remedial steps and guidelines for using symbols. The first stage involved

collecting and indexing many military symbols and compiling them into a

single database. The product of this research stage was an automated

vs

,°-

,. -° -.
"'ao

CA:I- a0d

926.

1 - 3 -

0~ u

4A

'I6
catalog of military symbols (TACSYM). The development of TACSYM induced a

second stage of research in which the symbolic needs of the military

community were surveyed. The third stage of research was a series of

experiments aimed at determining the best methods of symbolic portrayal.

The current sourcebook includes a summary of ARM research completed at

each of the three stages and a comprehensive hard copy listing of

available military symbols.

The first stage of research was to compile military symbols in a

cataloguing effort. The result of such efforts was TACSYM, an automated

symbol database. The database contains over 1000 military tactical

symbols (including the Army Standard FM 21-30) which are catalogued by

concept, category, and symbol source.

The completion of TACSYH highlighted the mismatches between symbols

such as those included in FM 21-30 and those actually used. This was the

basis for initiating the second research stage, which was a survey of the

users' symbology needs (Landee, Geiselman, & Clark, 1981). The purpose of

the survey was to a) identify military concepts that did not have a

standard method (in FM 21-30) of graphic portrayal, and b) examine the

existing non-standard, personalized ways. It was therefore concluded

that FM 21-30 needed to be updated so that new concepts could be

represented.

%

%

P,3

OP. .- *
A rAmber of research efforts for resolving symbol conflicts comprised

stage 3: a method for generating new symbols for FM 21-30 proposed by

Knapp (1983). The method required concepts to be identified which were

either represented by too many symbols or were not represented at all.

Eight such concepts were presented to military personnel, who were asked

to illustrate each one by a drawing. The elicited drawings were then

clustered according to obvious visual similarities. The method thus

provides a systematic means of eliciting likely candidates for future use.

Once the candidates are generated and clustered, experts are then

presented with clear-cut options from which to determine a standard.

Symbol structure. Geiselman, Landee, and Christen (1982) addressed

the problem of selecting among alternative graphic symbols by developing a

prototype index of perceptual discriminability. Regression analysis of

inter-symbol similarity indicated that judged similarity was based on the

number of shared versus unique configural attributes (e.g., an X, a

triangle) as opposed to primitive symbol attributes (e.g., number of

lines, arcs). These results were used to derive the prototype

discriminability-index formula, which was tested in a subsequent

experiment. The formula can be adapted for general use to decide among ! alternative symbols.

4
The distinction between primitive and configural attributes is

conceptually similar to a distinction between local (detailed) and global

(general) features. Using a detection-task paradigm, Knapp (1985) found

that speed and accuracy of target symbol detection declined when the

target and distractor symbols were both from the same global category.

Consistent with a serial model of perceptual processing, speed and

accuracy of target symbol detection were better when the target was

presented alone than when the target was presented with the distractor.

Symbol meaning. Once a symbol set has been chosen, the best method of

portraying each symbol must be determined. In an early study (Bersh,

Moses, & Maisano, 1978), enlisted men rank ordered the strength of

association between simple graphic codes or symbols and military concepts.

Results indicated that half of all associations were classified as high or

medium and the other half were classified as minimal or insignificant,

suggesting that high associations may be "natural" and that low

associations may be "unnatural".

Earl (1982) examined the ability to learn symbols as a function of

symbol type (U.S., Soviet, or "pictographic"). Both learning and

detection performance were found to be significantly better for the

5

4 4

* .*
ARI-developed pictographic symbols than for the U.S. and Soviet symbols.

These findings support the use of pictographic images for ease of

learning.

More recently, Knapp (1984) compared two techniques for evaluating

symbol meaningfulness. One group of military personnel was given a

paired-comparison task in which two symbols were presented; participants

chose the one that best represented a given concept. A second group was

presented with a single symbol and was asked to rate how well it

represented a given concept. Results indicated that abstract symbols -

those with a meaningful shape and outline, but little detail - were more

meaningful than either "picture" type images or arbitrary images which had

to be learned. The meaningfulness of a symbol is a critical factor when

detailed map study is required; and abstract symbols are desirable for use

on computer generated displays.

Ciccone, Samet, and Channon (1979) developed a query-based methodology

for eliciting tactical requirements for constructing military symbols.

Experienced officers were asked to generate task-related tactical questions and their answers. The question and answer sets were organized

according to tactical theme and level of detail. These data sets represented information requirements which could form the basis for a dynamic,

flexible database for tactical symbology. Ciccone et al. also analyzed

i.

6

• % € • -• w ,. , " . ,- - * -" - -" -'-'" " ',''*" -'.""'.""- " " *- ' " " " " " """1
the effectiveness of symbol design based on behaviors such as symbol discrimination, display search, and symbol learnability. Guidelines for

improving symbol effectiveness, such as eliminating unnecessary detall/complexity and maximizing symbol discriminability, were suggested.

In summary, the Army Research Institute has taken steps toward

resolving symbol conflicts and developing techniques for creating new

symbols:

(1) Survey of user needs for symbology. Officers with field unit

experience and familiarity with current doctrine were surveyed to produce

an inventory of user needs for symbols to portray battlefield information.

In matching the needs cited with current symbols available for use (FM

21-30), it was shown that over 60% of user requirements are not

symbolized.

(2) Step-wise procedure for designing new symbols. ARI has

developed a method for isolating the components of "good" (easily located

and identified in a display) symbols based on the geometric and primitive

structures of the symbol, the associative value ("meaning") of the symbol,

and the understandability of the symbol. The technique used symbols

*selected from the TACSYM automated catalogue and compared them using

experimental means.

7
(3) Development of an algorithm to resolve symbol conflicts. A

formula has been developed which allows discrimination between two or more

symbols which portray the same concept. The formula assigns a numerical

rating to each symbol based on the user's perception of various configural

aspects of the symbol. A higher value indicates a more highly

discriminable (more recognizable) symbol.

The research has clearly identified several recommendations for using

military symbology. These recommendations are summarized in a flow chart

(next page, followed by specific examples), which suggests courses of

action for choosing or designing symbols. Other recommendations include

incorporating the production and selection techniques used in ARI research

to update FM 21-30 to include previously unsymbolized concepts. New

symbols should be empirically investigated prior to being implemented

because some lead to inadequate performance. Once good symbol candidates

have been selected, they should be standardized so that widespread

communication is facilitated (see Landee & Geiselman, 1984).

8
Pocedres for Design and Uise of 'mctical Syirhols

710-2 tndidul im 

Prolulc rfbo fort~~K a * Snulrftoi one incl e uikttc

to~cncp al:dipa a:e rutn 

very disixila

statistica aandlyste

clusererse

by Ixesatusagal

fori 

e 7d tar 

askin

Note. Immediat Prlogefliesatmtak

* Siiaitis reontinMP nlde uck-tc

I-vr simia, c -1lugoudssarhsn

verf dissniar 1tePteloaio fani.ngu

whee 1-15indv- pbos 9 fl~molseynol;leanin 

idual rat a-., fo %*%l for the retention
General Guidelines - Design and Use of Tactical Symbols

o For decisions regarding conflicts among 5 or fewer symbols, user judgments

are sufficient to select a standard symbol.

o Selecting symbols for associative meaning:

1. Symbols which carry allot of associative meaning (rated high in terms

of relationship to intended concept relevant) are best used in tasks which

require prolonged map study and heed to be remembered through time.

2. Symbols with abstract (outline) shapes that highlight the concept, are

just as meaningful as symbols which are more pictoral in nature. The abstract

ones are thus recommended for use since they are easy to identify and learn,

and will be more amenable for use in computer generated displays.

Example: Concept HELICOPTER

Abstract Pictoral

Recommended Not Recommended

o Selecting symbols for immediate recognition value: The structure of symbols

(shapes, lines, orientation, etc.), is important in tasks where it is necessary

to search for and locate a particular symbol quickly.

In selecting a symbol for use in this application, particular attention must

be paid to the symbol structure to insure that it is not too similar to other

symbols to be used on the map display.

10

*.* . .
Procedure for Design and Use of Tactical Symbols: Example

Symbol Condition: Too many symbols for one concept (helicopter)

1. Determine usage requirement: immediate recognition on map display

2. Rate symbols for similarity: use 15-20 individuals

I I I I

very similar very dissimilar

3. Select top 2-3 symbols for similarity/dissimilarity.

4. Conduct performance task: devise map display task using 15-20 individuals.

ask each individual to find

predetermined target symbol

after brief map exposure.

5. Recommend best (easiest to detect) symbols for use; have task force finalize

selection of one symbol.

%

!i

...........-
REFERENCES

Bersh, P., Moses, F. L., & Maisano, R. E. Investigation of the strength of

association between graphic symbology and military information. (Technical

Paper No. 324), September, 1978, U.S. Army Research Institute for the

Behavioral & Social Sciences.

Ciccone, D. S., Samet, M. G., & Channon, J. B. A framework for the

development of improved tactical symbology. (Technical Report

PATR-1063-79-4-(1). April, 1979. Prepared for the U.S. Army Research

Institute for the Behavioral & Social Sciences by Perceptronics.

Earl, W. K. Learning & recognition of U.S., Soviet & pictographic military

symbology. (Technical Report No. 583). June, 1982. U.S. Army Research

Institute for the Behavioral & Social Sciences.

Geiselmar, R. E., Lardee, B. H., & Christen, F. G. Perceptual discriminability as selecting graphic symbols. Human Factors, 1982, 24(3),

329-337.

Knapp, B. G. Production method for designing tactical symbols: A case

study. (BISTA Working Paper No. 83-2). August, 1983. U.S. Army Research

Institute for the Behavioral & Social Sciences.

Knapp, B. G. Scaling military symbols: A comparison of techniques to derive

associative meaning. Paper presented at the Human Factors Society Meeting,

October 1984, San Antonio, TX.

Knapp, B. G. The precedence of global features in the perception of map

symbols. (Research Report, in press). U.S. Army Research Institute for

Behavioral & Social Sciences.

Landee, B. H., & Geiselman, R. E. Graphic portrayal of battlefield

information: Executive summary. (Research Report No. 1369). March, 1984.

Prepared for the U.S. Army Research Institute for the Behavioral & Social

Sciences by Perceptronics.

Landee, B. M., Geiselman, R. E., & Clark, C. S. Military symbology: A usercommunity survey. (Technical Report No. 582). September, 1981. Prepared

for the U.S. Army Research Institute for the Behavioral & Social Sciences

by Perceptronics.

12

I,-7~.%*f~ * ~ ? ~ ...d%.1 - - \fI
SYMBOL SETS

5. 13
Introduction

This section of the sourcebook presents sets of symbols for military

applications.

It Is divided into subsections based on the source of the symbol collection. Part 1 contains over 900 symbols from 17 current standard or

proposed military systems compiled as TACSYM - the automated tactical

symbology catalog-produced for the Army Research Institute. This catalog,

in its automated version, allows personnel to call up the TACSYM program

on a computer display terminal and view symbols by indexing them according

to selected categories or concepts. The user has control over which symbols may be viewed by selecting from a menu of categories and concepts. A

hard copy print out of these categories in Part 1. Part 2 contains Air

Defense symbols from 7 sources. Part 3 contains radar symbols used in

various experimental activities. Part 4 contains symbols currently

available for printing on the digital plotter map of the TACFIRE system.

Part 5 are examples of symbols in a wargaming application. Part 6 contains symbols used in various experimental programs with a military scenario. All of the symbols contained in parts 2 - 6 are planned for

eventual inclusion 'n the TACSYM automated catalog of symbols, so that

they may be categorized and thus available for viewing and indexing. Each

collection of symbols is preceded by a brief introduction explaining its

nature and background.

14
Part 1. TACSYM Automated Symbol Catalog

An automated catalog of tactical symbols has been compiled and designated "TACSYM" (tactical symbology). Over 900 military symbols are catalogued by concept, category, and symbol source (see lists of each on pages

to follow). TACSYN is accessed by interacting with a computer terminal ,

so that in realtime a user may index and view symbols by any of the three

parameters (source, category concept). TACSYM also contains a tutorial of

overall TACSYN structure, methods for constructing and inputting new symbols, and text describing current studies in symbology.

The TACSYM catalog highlights the facts that (1) There are a vast

quantity of unique symbols in existence, many of which portray the same

concept: (2) That there are no current available symbols to portray

certain types of battlefield information projected as critical for future

needs (e.g., unit status, threat, mobility, etc.).

TACSYM is currently deployed at the computer graphics facility at

CASAA, Ft. Leavenworth, KS, and is soon to be installed at the laboratory

facility at HQ ARI, Alexandria, VA.

i1

,IS
Symbology Sources currently contained in TACSYM

1. DIVRAS - DARCOM Division Realtime Applications Study

2. NATO D-49 - NATO Standard (1970)

3. TCO - Marine Corps Tactical Control Operations

4. FM 31-30 - Army Standard Symbols (1970)

5. TOS - Tactical Operations System

6. CPS - Combat Power Symbology

7. BETA Test Bed - Battlefield Exploitation/Target Acquisition

8. MIFASS - Marine Integrated Fire and Air Support System

9. TAOC-85 - Marine Tactical Air Operations Center - 1985

10. TACC - Marine Tactical Command Center

11. ITAOC - Marine Improved Tactical Air Operations Center

12. AF-E-3A PPI - Air Force Tactical Air Control Systems

13. AF 407L/485 LT - Air Force Tactical Air Control Systems

14. PLRS - Position Location/Reporting System

15. AFR 55-25 - Air Force Tactical Air Control Systems

16. FM 101-5-1 - Staff Officer's Field Manual

17. CDEC-VIDS - Combat Developments Experimentation Center -

Vehicle Integrated Defense System

a

16

Un
Symbol Categories in TACSYM

1. Activity

2. Aviation

3. Communication

4. Vehicles

5. Tactical Unit

6. Measle

7. Combat Service Support

8. Nuclear-Rio-Chemical

9. Obstacles and Fort

10. Installations

11. Weapon

17
Symbol Concepts in TACSYM

1 Action 45 Boat 89 CBR

2 Bridging 46 C-Cube 90 Chemical

3 Ferrying 47 Cargo 91 Combined Arms Army

4 Movement 48 Engine 92 CE]I

5 Destroyed 49 Ferry 93 C2 Element

6 Phoney 58 Air Cavalry 94 Decontamination

7 Propoganda 51 Hovercraft 95 Command

69 Responsibility 52 Operational 96 Electronic

9 Snorkeling 53 Communication 97 Electronic Warfare

10 Aerial 54 Over-snow 98 Engineer

11 Antisubmarine 55 Personnel Food

12 Aviation 56 Missile 100 Infantry

13 Bomber 57 Railway 101 Fuel

-14 Close Air Support 58 Shooter 102 Irregular Forces

15 Drone Aircraft 59 Sledge/sled 103 Maneuver Unit

16 Fighter 60 Vehicle 104 Marines

17 Fixed Wing Aircraft 61 Ship 105 Brigade

18 Helicopter 62 Airfield 106 Military

19 Marine 63 Submarine 107 Mortar Fire Unit

28 High Performance 64 Tracked 108 Motor Rifle

21 Medevac 65 Landing Site 109 Mountain

22 Rescue 66 Train 110 Movers

23 Seaplane 67 Wheeled i1 Navy

24 Transport 68 Unspecified 112 Ordnance

25 Emit 69 Landing Zone 113 Parachute

26 Message Center 70 Vehicles 114 Reinforcement

27 Signal 71 Surface 115 Shooters

28 uclear 72 Seaplane Station 116 Special Forces

29 Formation 73 Landing Vehicle 117 Bio or Chem Event

30 Reconnaissance 74 MICV 118 Contamination

31 Jamming 75 Air Defense 119 Radioactive Area

32 Radar 76 Ammunition 120 Radioactive

33 Radio 77 Air Mobile 121 Targets

34 Telephone 78 Air Transportable 122 Booby Trap

3 Teleprinter 79 Air Naval Ground 123 Bridge

36 Television 80 Airborne 124 DemolItion

37 ADP Central 61 Antiaircraft 125 Fence

36 Elec. Navig. Aid Antitank 126 Data Processing Unit

39 Microphones 83 Armour 127 Dental

48 Target Designator 84 ArwN Security Agcy 128 Maintenance

41 Visual Station 85 Artilleru 129. Major. End Items

42 Amphibious 96 Collecting Point 130 Medical

43 Animal 87 FA 131 Hospital

44 Armoured 88 Construction 132 Medical Supply

18
SYMBOL CONCEPTS

133 Mines

134 Missile Supply

135 Multi-Class

136 Multirole

137 Nuclear Storage

13a Personal Demand

139 Repair Parts

140 Wire

141 Obstacle

142 Subsistence

143 Traffic Control

144 Unknown Logistic

145 Water

146 Force

147 Headquarters

148 Landing

149 Logistics Unit

150 Marine Amphibious

151 Aero Medical

152 Motor Transport

153 Petroleum Supply

154 Shore Party Team

155 Support

156 Rear Area Operations

157 Service

158 Trains

159 Ground Attack

168 ICV

161 Tank

162 Clothing

163 Plane

164 Flame Thrower

165 Gun

166 Mortar

167 Naval Gunfire

168 Rifle

169 Rocket

170 Rocket Launcher

171 Weapon

172 Smoke Generator

173 Track:

174 Vegetation

175 Toxic Agent

176 Trenches

177 Zone

178 Commo Site

179 Howitzer

19
GOSRYWUS L SCLRCE A D RV

1.1.1 TCTOL WIT/ FM 21-30

Air Cavalrvl DI a 1.6

1.1.2 TACTrICAL UIT.-# NATO I)-49(1980)

Air Cav/k/ 

DI s 3.53

1.1.3 TACICI. LM- 7WTC

Air Cavlr/ Z

1.2.1 TACTICAL INIT/ NTO D-49(198), TOG

Air Defense/ B ETA TEST BD (Ao)

1.2.2 TACTI UNIT/ FM 21-30, ETA EST ]ED

Air Def ense/

rtillerM DI a 1.63

1.2.3 TACICA. IT ' BETA TEST 20

Air Defense"

artiller ADA unknown, or Rqt or Stry.

DI 2.13

1.2.4 TACTICAL Air Dfense UIT'/ IjiI I,:S

Air ee t Unilt size is noted below artlller target Ir A ~l

1.2.5 TACTICA. LT/ "ETA TEST 10

Air W ~fense

missile See Missile for related

1.2.6 TCTICAL T1I CP

• Air Deene'

* missile Can@~j

20
CATEGORY,,,cOaT/ SW OL SOLRCE AN FVV

1.2.7 TACrlC L UNIT/ CPS

Air Defense/ tube mnwWIl

1.3.1 TACTICFG. LIMIT/ D M 21-30t NATO D-49(198) Air Pbbi It/

DI a 9. 73

1.3.2 TACT1M LIIT/ TOG

Air flobile/ DI a 2.63

1.3.3 TCTI: LIMIT/ C

Air lbb ie/

has sufficient air web helos

to conduct air mob operations

*1.4.1 TACTICAL LIIITI NATO D-49(1980)

Air Transportable.I

1.5.1 TACTICF. UNIT- TCO

Air Naval ground/

liaison

1.6.1 TACTICL NIY FmI 21-38, TO!

Airborne/ I 97 ~DI a 9.73

1.6.2 TACTIC.L IUMT/ ETA TEST BED

Airbornu/ [~ ] ywbo I same as NATO D-49

parachute alimbol. DI *1.63

1.6.3 TACTIIF LIIT B-ETA TEST IM

Airborne/

CP

21

-'Ie
O1TEGORYC CaPT/ SYMBOL S0MRM ANC q

1.6.4 TACTICL. UIT/ FI 21-30t Tr6

Airborne/

inmntraU

1.7.1 TACTIAL. UIT/ Y CO

Afphlbious/

1.7.2 TACTIC L LIIT/ FM 21-30, IiTO D-49(10)

arphlb iousi

1.3.1 TACTICAL MT/ AF -3A "PPI

nt itank/ F V ,TO

DI a 1.63

1.9.2 TACTICAL UNIT/ CPS

. Ant itank/ DI 0 " 4.Ze

1.9.3 TACTICAL WIT/ NATO D-49(19w)

Altitwtk/

hel ,opter

1.9.4 TACTICAL IT/ N A:TO D-49( 190)

Ait itank/ I \ missile missi e I/ I M A See sy bol Missile $* for related

1.16.1 TACTICAL UIT/ PM 21-30, HATO D-49(199e)

rmowr/ T TOS, BETA TEST D

22
1.18.2 TxTcFL UiI"CP

A-aw DI 0 5. 18

1.1.3 WOICFL LtII1 nl213

wrmr/ DI a 1.58

A.Nm** Uit size is noted below

A-mo r Set InfenttUV for rela e

infamum avbo. 1.

1.18.6 TFCTIC(. L UIT/ P1 21-30* 106. DET14 lET

recce or cay

1.11.1 4rrCTIF LMIT/ 12-3

wayd Secur ity AgcW Ai

1.121 r~TIVLL31r/HTO -49(190)

frtillew~ Immiediate request 600b1,

3 s ia z e n t d b e lo w O v16 l %b 

23
CATEGORY/CONCEPT/ SYMBOL SOLPM Mt FiraM

1.12.3 TCTICF. LIlY WArS

m(~~)Im Imirdate request symb*ol1, size noted below s*Whol.

1.124 TACTICF. LHZT/- WASF

Pet I IlerVI

taget Size noted below sjVjirol.

1.12.5 TATICR.L UNIT/ FM 21-3, TOG

Artiller~

1.12.6 TACTIO.L tII?' HATO D-49(1990)

rocket E

1.12.? TFCTICF. UNIT/CP

A-t i I rV/

rocket (eneN)

1.12.8 TCTIO. LI4IT/ BTA ~T 3ED

A-t llervd'

PR. See weapons section for other

mutrocket launcher s*Vmbo is.

1.13.1 TACTICF1L LIT/ cp

b tube Cenwj)

1.14.1 TACIL UaII? F" 21-30

DI 0 2. 63

1.14.2 TA~TI. iLHITo MATO D-49C19W) [~J DI a 1.38

24
OUEQMCRO'cu7T/ SVIUO SOLRC AMFO

1.15.1 TACTICAL UZT/ TOS

Chemical/

Symbol represents chemical or

chemical decontamination unit

1.15.2 TACTIC U.IT/ BTETA TEST lE

Chemical/

defense

1.16.1 TCTI. L WlIT/ TOG

Combined Arms Arwj/ I a .7

1.16.2 TACTICAL. UMIT/ BETA TEST IM

I Combined Irm B rm / C A DI * 6.73

1.17.1 TACTICI:L UNTr/_,- HATO D-49(190))

CEWI/ s ETA TEST 10

1.19.1 TACTIC LWIT/ if £-3A PPI

CE Element/ -

1.19.1 TACTICAl. Cowmsn/ UT/ iF E-3A PI + R

1.19.2 TACTICAL LIIT/ FMI 21-30, IPTO D-49(1980)

COMM , TOSG BETA TEST ED

post DI a 1.63

1.19.3 TACTIOa. LT/ cps

- post DI s S.19

25

. . ..-- ., , * ,.. . . . . . .., .-....-., , _ . , ,-. , .+ , . . . .
CAiEOCmCCK/ SYBLSOLPRCA CV

1..1 TACOL IMIT/ FMI 21-3U

Elecrni Wefarel inl ~ eae

(EetoiW)Irae See sinlfor related

(DI) Sial DI a 1.63

1.21.1 TACTIOL IMT/ NATO 2-1- fiOP-9198

Eng lnees 0 aI 1.6.3

Engi~/DI a 4.3

1.21.3 TACTIL LWIT#' CPSO~491

Eng ~DI a 421

bridging LI 2i1

1.21.4 TACTIO:L WT/ FMI 21-30, BETA TEST BED

Engineer/

bridging I*~'4 .13

1.21.5 TACTIOLt UWT META TEST IID

EngiSneer/'

pipeline bridge

1.32.1 TWCI. UIIT/ FMI 21-3U, TOGS, BETA TEST IM

Infaitrg/

1.32.2 VCTIC. LWT FMI 21-U0

26
AI x1eVR'ONETZ Swl'UO 9CiRCE AM O

1.2.3 TACTI. LIIT/ IRTO D-"(190)

DI

1.2.4 TACTICA LT T, tATO D-49(190), TOS

InfantW~

mechanized

1.2.5 TACTICAL LUIT HATO D-49C 199

Infantry/

mtor ized

IrregulJar Forove/

1.24.1 TACTIAL UNIT/ UCTA TEST 30

1Mneuver Lbhit

1.25.1 TACTCAL LH1T/ NA___1TO D-49(19ES)

11sr nhs/

1.56.1 TACTICAL WtT/ P1M 21-30, TOG

"It Ittwv/ t HATO D-49(980)

into I Iipec J.L also refers to security and

Interrogation

1.5.2 TACTCAL LIT/ P11 21-38, NATO "(4190)

"I I taw. aTOG

27
CATEGORAMWNPT4 S'iUC SOURC F RENNGAc

1.V7.3 TACTICA.L UWZ/ _ ___FM 21-30

missile,

rocket annd guided I (i I For related symbols see AD

uit and AD weapon symb~ols.

1.27. TFCTICAL UIITe NATO D-49(1988)

missi I@/

1.27.5 TACTICI..LIIT WZ eo AF -3 PPX

niissile/

1.27.6 TACTICA.. LIIT' W E-IR PPI

1.27.? TACTXCA LW4T/ HATO D43(19U)

Miss iIs/ For related symbols see P-T tAIL]eapons symbols. DI a 1.63

1.27.0 TACTICA. LtZT/ 3ETA TEST BED Hliss ilt/ [il] DI .213

1.V.J TACIA. UNIIT/IO

Hiss ilIt

tactical

Mrtr ireZhto Size to noted an top of

I symbol with size vyv~ols28
c:ITrGRY-c ,'~T S'UOL. SOLR W

1.29.1 TACTICA:L LHT CPS

Pbtoe Rifl1e/

1.3.1 TACTIO:L UIT/ Fi 21-30, HATO D-49(199)

Mountain/

1.31.1 TCTICIIL .IIT/ ETA TEST 1E

row~ers/ DI a S.18

1.31.2 TACTICFL LIT/ DZI¥1AS

"Wers/DI a 3.83

1.32.1 TACTICL. HL"i I.IT/ NA:TO D-49(199)

1.33.1 TACTICL. Ll'T/ FYI 21-3

Ordnane/ DI w 1.63

1.33.2 TACTIA. IT,' HATO D-49(19W)

Ordnance/ DI - 1.63

1.34.1 TATICA UIT/ F"I 21-30

parachute/ DI -1.18

l-1.34.2 I'ACTICFL WIT/ HATO D-49(19M0)

parchue/ aoAirborne unit sOW*ol

S[iETA lEW.

29

* *'L~%-*.* *.*
aCTER'iAtCET/ SyIUOL SOIRCE FM El'V(

1.35.1 TACTIL UI.T/ FM 21-30, AfTO D-49(1980)

oconnaisalncel u TOG, BETA TEST BED, IASS

1.36.1 TACTIF LW4T/ IMTO D-49(980) Re Inforcement/ IT -91 )

holding unit

1 .3 7 .1 T :C T I FL W IT / B E T A T E S T ED

ShoterT1 unknown shoters

1.W7.2 TACTIO:L LJWT/ DIYRFIS Shooters/

artillery 0

1.7.3 TCTICOL Shootef's/U4T/ DI'S

mlssileA(cket

1.38.1 TACTICAL LJIT/ FM 21-30, NATO D-49(1980)

Signal/ v BETA TESTB ED

1.38.2 TACTIAL LiN / BETA TEST IM

Si gnal/

intol igence See electronic warfare

1.39.1 TACTICR. UICIT/ iTO D-49(19M)

Special Foc/F

1.40.1 TACTICFL LlT TCO

Vehicle/

light assmlt

30

! ' * * * *%-
2.1.1 frY/MOK/

1.2.1 VIA1ZCW

A rc r af t( A)C P

2.4.1 VIATIOtV

2.4.2 1~' AV1A ii 2 -~ ATO D-49(19 80)

Fm at jon/ X

2.4.3~~F Ii Z17~ 30. DIMS

2.4.4 04TIOWtTOD9C

98

gi t I on/ DI m 5.18

Ajt~ttAn' D -49(51 0

-. 2..4. WIATIr CT ES

fmialbw I als -p19n

$Waton DtI kheiOt

* .5.1 OATIOWVF~ 

13

9"W1Q. this s*iCk1O represents trans-

- Air frce port viat~ in In HTO V49

31
P/ SSM/IE S OL SOLRC IA S

2.5.2 AVIATIOrV ) WTO D-49 19W)

mber/

Air Fore

2.6.1 ArIfATIOW iIFWS

Close Air Support/

2.7.1 AVIATIOI FMl 21-30

Done Aircraft/

Air Force

2.8.1 AVUTOIV M 21-30, NATO D-99(19 )

Fighter/

Air Force

2.3.2 AVIATIOWV A F 21-30

Fighter/

Air Force alI

h eather

2.0.3 AYVATIOK' FI1 21-30

righter/

boer Air Force

2.3.4 AVIATIOW a F" 21-30

righter/

Air Force tactical

IIght wight strike

2.9.5 =,O C3:C-WDs

2.8.6 AV1ATIOWV VR 55 UZ

righter/

32
CA7EQR/C*WGT/ SYMBOL 5CLRCE AN IC1"(

2.1.? AVIATIOW TOS

Fi ghter/ one"

Fighter/ A Ta Interceptor Air Track

unpaired

2.9.9 AVTIGV F -3 PPC9 

Fixhter/ A raat Inte¢eptor l rc

paired

2.9.1 AflVATIOW YITO D-49(1 8)

Fixed Wing Aircraft/

Air Force

2.9.2 AVIATIOWN FT 21-3 0

Fixed wing Aircraft/ I joht-Air forc e

2.9.3 AVIATIOI HATO D-49(1IF)

Fixed Wing Aircraft/

2.9.4 FVIAIOW MIF:S

Fixed Wing Aircraft/ Air Track

*2.9.5 AVIATIOW Te

Fixed Wing Aircraft/ C Tsn

attack squadron jVI plus three nuuets

2.9.6 tAW1TII0V TCO

Fixed Wing Aircraft/

fighter attack C :I VA plus 3 nuuer

33
CAtT/RY'NCsPT/ SBOL SOIRCE N

2.9.? AVIATI- W TCO

Fixed Wing Aircraft/

HO and Iaintenance

2.9.S AVIATIGCV TCO

Fixed Wing Aircraft/

observat ion

2.19.1 AVIATION/ ETA TEST ED

Ground Attack/

aircraft

2.19.2 AVIATIOW CDCC-VIIS

Ground Attack/

aircraft A1l NTC Test

2.11.1 AVIATION ETA TEST ED

Helicopter/ note ArmW helicopter symbol- HATO

2.11.2 AVIATIOW ETA TEST BED

Hel icopter/ symbol represents helos or helo lz

2.11.3 AVIATION MIFASS

He I copter/ Air Track

2.11.4 AVIATION/Wl PLRS

l*1 i copters rotary wing or low

performance aircraft

2.11.5 AVIATIOW FMI 21-30, NATO D-49(1968)

He I copter' ,TCO

Air Force
2.11.6 ffmP1AT-V P 21-31

Hel icopter/ DI - 4.33

2.1? AVIATIOW tTO W D-49(19U)

He I itopter/ S.6

2.11.8 A/1ATIOWHAOD4190

He1 I iopter/

antitank

2.11.9 AVIATIOW VO

Hit I copter/DIa56

attackIDI*68

2.11.19 AVIATICW 9ETA TWS BED

1*1 icopter/ or~ett

attack as er~l [ : Z cowrb5t aviation DI *1.63

2.11.11 AVIATIONW CDEC-VIDS

He Ictopter/

attack

2.11.12 AVIATICW TCO

Hel icopter/

attack1 1

2.11.13 AVIATION' 

W' TO D-49(1988)

He I Icoptt/

combat

2.11.14 AVIATIOW .. TOM

He I 7ojIw sighted tnsumj helicopter

35
CATEaRY/CCPT-' SuL 9LRE NFt

2.11.15 AVATIOW TADC-0

H I icopter' u

air track enemb unknow' he oI tansport-elemI

or friend

2.11.16 AVIATIOG TAOC-5 He |iCOpter'

eIlemr / Air Track symbol for hostile,

general, helo/transport

2.11.17 fVIATIOIV TACC, ITADC Hel!icopter' enelm [J Air Track symbol for unknown, assumed enemy helo

2.11.19 AVIATIOK HIFASS

He I icopte' 2*.11.19A Air Terget Smbol

2.11.19 AVIATIOW AF £-3A PPI

Hlicopters/ Air Track for unpaired friend friendl helo

2.11.20 AVIATIOW AF E-3A PPI

FRicopters Air Track for paired friend friendly halo

2.11.21 AVXATIO/ AF 4M485 L T

Siope Air Track for unpaired

frie friendly heo

2.11.22 AVIATIOW AF 40L/465 L T

fe I icopterd Air Track for paired friendly helo

2.11.2 tWVIATIOW TACC, ITAOC, TOC-"65

friend ttAir Track for friendly helo, general. no statement

36

ZVI~**~
CPTEGORY/cOt4WPT r4UOL SUM AN

2.11.24 AWIATIOtV TACC, IT:C

He I! icoptwer'

r nd 1 Air Track for unknown, assumed friendly helo/transport

2.11.5 AVIATIOI' TOC

He I icopter/

heavy see also transport helo

Ir smb~ol_

2.11.2 AVIATION AR l21-30

He I icopter/ hea wmj see also transport helo s~wd~o 1

2.11.28 AVIATIOW' CDEC-vIDS

He I icopter/

2.11.29 AVIATIOW H/MFS

HI l eopter/

pickup

2.11.30 AVIATIOV .. ,IFASS

Heilicopter/

2.11.31 AVIATIOW' F 21o30

He I icopter/

t nsport Air royce

2.12.1 AYIATIOV MRS

High Perfermmnce/

aircraft

37

-.PU

* ,.. ,. .-. +,,.,....,. . +. ,- ,,. ,. - . +, . ,. , . . -, +. ..... .. . ....... _ ... ... r,. . . . . -
CTEGOR/CUMCEPT/ SflEC SOLRCE AND Fea

2.13.1 AVIATIOW TCO Mlar itl

Air Control Group H

2.13.2 AVIATION TC

Ibr ie/

Air Control __

2.13.3 AVIATON' TCO

Marine/

Air Support CXD

2.13.4 AVIATIO V TC

Marine/

Wing Command CXD

2.13.5 AVIATIOW TC

Marino/

Wing NO Squadron

2.13.6 AVIATIOtV TC

Marine/

Wing Support Group j

2.14.1 AVIATIOIV MIiFSS

edevac/ unit size is noted

below syulbol

2.15.1 AVIATIOV TOS

Plane/ sighted enem plane with

Ccargo characteristics

2.16.1 AVIATIO/ I-49(19M) FM 21-30, NATO 

Reconnaisesance/

Air Force

38

d~ J*
uaconnaisssnce, 9

light Wight

A ir Force rm~ Z - 30

2.1 .1 AVIATIOW rte imi lart y to

Air Force 

4 1d'a

~ fill21-30

tWTO 1)-491 90)

2.19.1 AVITIw Trans ort'bowber ti 01rp~e in F Mu 24 13 n9

2.19.2 AvIAT1 

fu'213

Air Force F 130

~~ RiIAT1OW'fu2-0 

~

Airfitold/ ® CTA tTw IRE

2.2.2 fr4ATIOW Airfitold/

.1.1 AV1I~'fl' 13.

Lan Min S TO D -4 ( 9

2.212 PIATICW

Land ing Site/

39
CATEORY/CONCET' SYMBOL SOLRE

2.21.3 AVIATIOW FN 21-30, TCD

Landing Site/

he! icopter

2.21.4 AVZATIOIV tTO D-49(1988)

Landing Site/

he I icopter

2.22.1 AVIATION ETA TEST BD

Landing Zone/

he I icopter L Z

2.2.1 AVIATIOCV FN 21-30, TCO

Seaplane Station"

3.1.1 COBT SER. SUPPORT/ TCO

D igade/ service support

3.2.1 COMBAT SO. S.PPORT/ NATO D-49(1990)

Data R-ocessing/ ID U

3.3.1 COI1WT SER. SPPORT/ TC

Dental/

3.4.1 ,T ER. SUPORT/ , - C

Engineer/

3 2.5.1 COMBT SER. SJPRT/ TC

' service support [SiG

40

V. -
CTGORYA1CONCIEPTe SYMBCL SOUR EtV A ESM

3.6;.1 COMBAT SE]R. SUPPORT3/ T(:0

Headquarters/

and service AS

3.7.1 CW1T SER. SUIPQRT/ TOO

Landing/

support LS

3.9.1 COMAT SEP. SUPPORT/ t:TO D-49(1988) LogisticsLht/ I ( unspecific or multirole

E ,,, DI a 1.63

3.9.2 CO BAT SE. SUPPORT/ HIATO D-49(1968)

* - Logistics Lbn1V

STunspecified multirole

for some nations DI 0 9.73

3.9.1 COMBAT SER. SUPPORT/ FI 21-30, WTO D-49(19680)

Maintenance/ B NETA TEST ID

" 3.9.2 COMBAT ER. SUPPORT/ TS

Phaintenancu/

aviation note s8ubol for maintenance

transportation - 3.9.4

3.9.3 COMIT SER. SUPPORT/ TOS,

Majntenance/ F

s ignal note s8mbol 3.9.5

3.9.4 CO T SE. S.IPORT/ FI 21-38

MPintenance/ I )

transportation J note synwol 3.9.2

3.9.5 COWIT SDR. SUPPORT/ I 21-31

Phi ntena'ice/

and muif note sauwol 3.9.3

41

'I
cATEG;oRY, CmaPT' 90201. orx c

3.10.1 COBA ER. S.FPORT/ TOD

rwrine Aphihious/

service support grp. M 2 -0 A O D 4 1 W

3.11.1 CMM1T SMR. 9.FpCR/ FM 2130 BET M D(58

redical/DI w 1. 63

3.11.2 COMIAT sER. SLFPORT/ NATO V-49(18)

Mrdital/specific to Turkey

DI a 1.63

3.12.1 COMAT SER. 9.FPORT/ TOG

Alero redical/

3.13.1 COMAT MR- S.FPMR/ TCO

Mtor Transport/

3.14.1 COPMAT SER. 9POR FM 21-30 TMG

Personnel & Admin./P

3.15.1 WSAT SER. 9.FPORT/ TOG

Petroleum supply/'

3.16.1 COCIAT SER. 9FPWT ICO

S o r t P a r t y T e a m /S

2.17.1 COIWT SER. ULPORT/ TCO

Spp lyl 

L

42
O ''[OILY ' 5YrD2. r

rCATEGMCoCHPT/ StlM= FM~ RD

3.19.1 COI:T SR. SJPPORT/

SuppoV DEl *.2.

3.1.2 COMT 5. 9NPO" F" 21-30, 9ipprV n .

support/DI a 0.73

TS .j

3.19.3 CMT So. IPPOT' .. Toss, BETA ET BED

support/

3.19.4 COMBAT S. I5s BETA TEST ID

combtat servi ce

3.19.5 COMAT SM. S.FPORTI BETA TEST ID

9jporV I~j

i3.19.6 COBT 9C. S "RT TO Support/

corps D • 0o73

3.18.? CO'MT SR. .FPRT/ T-3iO

Support/ DI v 4.73 corps

I: 3.18.7 COM T SE. Support/DI SJ'POVRT ,F2-3 a 4.79

corps

3.19.9 COMT SER. S.FPORT TOG

support/

3.19.1 CMT SER. Sl.OR/ TOS

center [ :% (.

43
CA17EGOR/Ch1VT/e SYMBOL SOLRC E MM

2.20.1 COPMAT SUR. SYRT' - FM 21-300 TIOG

Servical

3.21.1 COMBI 9CR. SJPORT flI 21-30

SUPPIV/ L:DI 0.2

3.21.2 COBAT SCR. 9LP1ORT/ NTO D-49(1980)

Sff IV/note D syfltol 3.22.1

DI e 1. 63

3.21.3 COIDAT 9CR. S3PC /d rIOS

sippi/ L~jDI a 1. 63

3.21.4 COMBAT SO-. &LPCRT/ TOG

Supp lv'

*1class V I

3.21.5 COMBAT SR- SFPORT/ 706

and transportation EATS

3.22.1 COIT goR. S.FPWR/BEABTI

Tr i m DI a 1. 63

note synbc 1 3.21.2

3.22.2 COIWT SE. S1L*RT/' FM 21-39

-Trains/' DI *2.13

&2.1~ WmT SR. SLPWr/ FM 21-30, HATO D-49(1980)

Transportat ton/' TOS, BETA TEST KD
CA TGOCRYACICP1 S'YMOL SOLA= AM F1';

4.1.1 IHTlbrLA..TIOW6 FMH 21-30,TO

Aiurtjolt DI a 4.39

4.1.2 IDWT.LIATIOW' NATO D-49(1980)

Auumjnit i~DI a 4.33

4.1.3 ItTFLLATIOIE' NA HTO D-49(1980)

Amunit ion

air defene

4.1.4 IWETPLLATIOI NATO D-49(1980)

alr defense

missi les

4.1.5 ThA.LATIOt' NTO D-49(19)

Ammun it ion/

rwsured

4.1.6 ISTA.LATIOt W IFM 21-30

AuM Ition/

rtll.er

4.1.? D ASTALATIOB' IATO D-49(1999)

Ammnit ion/

art I er Sun

4.1.3 ' ATLIATIO ' iTO A D-49(1980)

Amjnition/

art i I ll1

missile

4.1.9 VI5TP.ATIO', ITO D-49(1999)

obtiltio/ art i I lieu

rocket

45

-:.

* .'%~.'7
CATEGORYWItot1T/ 9~ULSOLRE AND .FdMMG

4.1.19 TA.LATOW P1 M' 21-30, TOD

l un it i /D a .

aviation DI • 5.79

Air Force

4.1.11 IDSTU.LATIOIPW inTO D-49(1980)

Amon ition/

aviation DI - 5.73

Air Force

4.1.12 I6TPLL.ATIOHS FM 21-39

Ammun it ion/

aviation DI a 5.78

4.1.13 I TqLLATIS/ FATO D-49(190C)

Aun nition/

aviation a.a73 D a 

4.1.14 1 IT.LATIO FM 21-30, T1

Aun it ion/ conventional

4.1.15 MALT L.OWX FM 2 1-30, TO

rocket and

guided missile

4.1.16 IrNSTI.LATIOG' FM 21-38, TC

Amun it ion/

small r5.78 rn Da 

4.1.17 I PMT OWATXO16' ITO 1>-49(190) ,.

s tall uirn DI - 3.48

4.1.1 IITR.LATIOI/ , 21-3.

imjn it In

p."
CATEGOR/CONCET/ SYMBOL SOLM AN DR

4.1.19 INS,6T.IONS/ - BETA TEST BED

Aiamunition/

storage DI 5.23

4.1.20 INSTATI.LTINS/ TOS

Amn ition/

storage DI * 5.73

4.2.1 IHST.LATIOW4 FM I1 21-30

Clothing

'~$~ lass U Letters B,E,F,M or T below

s irbol show subclaslfcation

4.3.1 INSTL.LATIONS/ FM 21-30, TO

Collecting Point/

civilian

COLL

4.3.2 INSTALATIONS/ P1 21-30, TCO

Collecting Point/

maintenance

COLL

4.3.3 INSTALLATIONS/ FM 21-30, TCO

Collecting Point/

prisoners of war

4.3.4 INSTLLATIONS/ F 21-30, TCO

Collecting Point/

salvage

4.3.5 I LLATIONS/ P 21-39, TCO

Collecting Point/

stragglers

4.4.1 IHETLLATIONS/ FM 21-30

Construct ion/

47

"del le 7,. . . . ; - . . . . % ., . ,, . . : . ,, .. , . - . . . . . . - - . - . . , - .- . . . - . . ., - . . . - . .
ICATERy/c EPT/ SynBOL SOLRE F

4.4.2 IISTPLLATICI46/ HAN-:: TO D-49(199)

Construct ion/

bridging

4.4.3 INSTALRTZO6/ B DETA TEST ED

Construct ion/

bridging

4.4.4 INSTLL.ATIOIS/ HATO D-49(1980)

Construct ion/ I

engineers

4.5.1 IHSTPL.LATII1/ HATO D-49(1980)

o Dec n t a m l n a t n /io 

4.6.1 INET~uATIOW'\ - tGTO D-49C19)

Electronic/

air defense radar see also COMlI1CATIOMS

sambo ls

4.6.2 INSTIALLATIOIS/ HATO D-49(199E)

Electron ic/

artiIler

locating

4.6.3 IHSTLLATION/ NATO D-49(1980)

Electronic/

emitting

4.6.4 I6 .. TIOS/ HATO D-49(1980)

Electronic/

electronic

warfare

4.6.5 ]ITLL.TZOI/ HATO D-49(1980)

Electronic/

ground sensor

surw i I lance

48

m ~
CArcEoM/cOtEr/ SYMBOL SOK A EM0

4.6.6 INSTALLATIOS/ NATO D-49(198)

Electronlic/

intercept irgM

4.6.7 IZ SA..ATIOIM/ ,TO D-49(10)

Electronic/ Jwrulng 4.ami8 

W 

T AXO 

ITO D-49(19Me)

Electronic/

signal

comumJnicat ion

4.6.9 INSTq.LAT1C 6 & NTO D-49(1980)

Electronic/

target designator

4.6.18 IH6TMLATIOt4S/ ? TO D-49(1980)

Electronic/

unknovn

4.7.1 INSTA.LA.TIONS/ t'TO W D-49(1988)

rood/ see also 4.20.1

4.8.1 INSTA ATIOC' NATO D-49(19)

Fuel/ DI - S.23

ETA TEST ED

Fuel/ DI - 5.23

4.6.3 DWTU.ATIOt5 TOS

Fuel/ DI " 5.73

49
CATEGRY/CONET/ s'nhwO,. SOLiC AN FEMs

4.8.4 INSTALLATIONtS/ F 21-30, TCO

Fuel/

aviation DI - 6.68

Air Force

4.9.5 ID"rLLATIONS/ r ITO D-49(19)

Fuel/

aviation DI - 6.63

Air Force

4.8.6 INSALELATIONS/ P1 21-30

Fuel/

aviation inconsistent with 4.1.12

Air Force DI - 5.33

4.9.7 ZIETALATIO6' IATO D-49(1%)

Fuel/

aviation DI w 6.63

4.9.8 INSTALLATIO/ F1 21-30, TCO

Fuel /

ground

4.9.9 ISTALLATIO'S FM 21-30

Fuel/

solid

4.9.1 I6"TA.LATIOIE/ IATO D-49(1980)

Maintenance/

4.10.1 INSTALLATION'/ FM 21-30

Major End Item/

4.11.1 INSRTALATIONS/ N ATO D-49(1980)

Medical/ DI • 5.23

50

*, ]
C:TEGoR y,c rT/ SYSOLL O A V VRG

4.11.2 INSTALLATIOMS' OS

Medical/ DI a 4.33

4.11.3 INSTALLATIONI6 Fm 21-30, TCO

Medical SuppIW/ DI a 4.38

4.11.4 IHI"TRLLTIO6/ TO

Medical Supplj/ DI 5.'3

4.12.1 INSTALJ.TOt6/ FM 21-38, TOS, TCO

Hospital/

or aid station DI - 4.33

4.12.2 INSTALLATIONS/ NATO D-49(190)

Hospital/

or aid station DI a 4.33

4.13.1 INSTALLATIONS/ IWTO D-49 (1980)

Mines/

explosives

4.14.1 ImSTATLATIOS/ T CO, BETA "E-ST BD

Missile Supplu/

~4.15.1 IHS'TAU, ATION5l* F I 21-30, TOO)

mllt-Cla$/ classes available placed ' wlyI lbelow skfmbo I

4.15.2 IHT.LATIOMe, 0 TOS

• Slt i-Clas/

supplwD

51

,,,r7,- % U S % p % S * *
CArEGRY/CONPT/ SYMBOCL SOLPM ANFDr f

4.15.3 I6TAI'LATIOHS/ TIOS

I it i.Class/

aviation supplU

4.16.1 INST4.LATICHS/ HATO D-9(19) Imultirole/

also represents

unspecifled role

4.17.1 IMTL.ATIN6/ iTO D-49(18)

tuc lear Storage/

4.19.1 It LTILATIOH/ 1OS

Ordrance/

DI • 5.73

4.18.2 INSTLLATIOS,'/ AilTO D-49(1980)

Ordnance/( DI •6.18

4.19.1 IM6TAILATIOW- FMI 21-30

Personal Demand/

items

4.2.1 INST .ATIOS/ FI 21-30

Repair Parts/

4.21.1 ITLATIOS6- M 21-30

Subs istence/

subclssification shou with

letters R, S, C below s*mbol

4.22.1 VVALTtNJIOPWS WTO D)-49(1980)

Supp IV"

52 r*,**~. q , l - -

*.-,~.-- ..- * *- .-
T-w~" W.' -. I- -. 4 -i I

CTEGORY0OHPT/ 5"IL goLR Fti ~aN 

Traffic Control/

4.gj2 imsTALLATIOPWNAOD-9190

4.24.1 IJNTqLATIOr6/ WTO D-49119W)

Unknouna Loistic/

installation

4251 ImSTALLATIOW6 NTO D-49(1980)

Water/

Commriru cat ion/

5.Z.1 t'ESL' TCO

W* I copter/

Miile/

5.3.2 MELE/ DII

Mlissile/

or rocket

Radar/

53
CATEGORY/CMtCCPT/ SOLPCE JM

5.4.2 W'EG-E/ TCDO, BETA TEST 16

Rader/(

Radio/ /

5.6.1 WASIV TCOD, BETA T.ST 3D

5.6.2 lC SE/ DI T E

Shooter/

5.7.1 MCALE/ TCO, BETA TEST BM, DIVAS

Vehicle/

tracked

5.7.2 Wax BTA TEST BE

Vehicle/

bheeled

5.7.3 MEA-L/ TCD

Vehiele/

%heeled

Actions

tAceat force 4 merals indicate count of teacing ocnuever battal ion

6.1.2 ACTIVM/ HAqTO D-.49 (1980)

Action/

delaing, eneu

"' 54
CTEGORY/CMCrEPT/ SYMBOL SCP.P AN DA

6.1.3 ACTIVITY/ HTO D-49(19) *

Art ion/

delaying friend -i - non-static

6.1.4 ATIVITY/ WITO D-49(19U

Act ion/

direction enemWno-tai

6.1.5 ACTIVITY/ MATO D-49

Act ion/

direction friend L......4/ non-static

6.1.6 ACTIVITY/ DI"

Act ion/

blocked 4numerals indicate count of

E * III mmnuever battalion

6.1.7 ACTIVITY/ TCO, FM 21-30

Art ion/

amb~ush 'J ~Point of arrow at maplocation.

6.1.9 ACTIVITY/ TCOD FM 21-30

Act ion'

f iref ights - E - po int of arrow at map

location

6.1.9 ACTVTY/ TCO, FM 21-30

Art ion/

harrassing f ire point of last arrow at map

'location

6.2.1 ACTIVITY/ TIOG

Widging/

6.3.1 ACTIVITY/ T0G

Ferying/ %

55
c~T~oy~cI~' SflOLSOLRCE AMRV

6.4.1 ACTIVITY/ TCO, I 21-30

1tbveant/ soild arrow-unit position

broken arrow-possible mmt.

6.4.2 ACTIVITY/ nTO D-49(19) evement/ F O

air force friendly non-static

6.4.3 ACTIVITY/ t:TO D-49(1980)

Ivement/ non-static

army air friendly

6.4.4 ACTIVI'Y/ iTO D-49(1980)

air, ment -Y Sjwol in center of arrow

LirJ line indicates unit type.

6.4.5 ACTIVITY/ HATO D-49 (19)

Ploveent/non-static

round

6.4.6 ACTIVITY/ inTO D-49(19M)

Ploement/

reconnaissance non-static

6.5.1 A:CTIVITY/ IWTO D-49(1980)

Format ion/

artillery r-- static

6.5.2 ACTIVITY/ ::TO D-49(1998),

rormation/ (04^E 4

defense enen static

6.5.3 ACTIVITY/ IWTO -49(1980)

rormat ion/

defense fr iend static

56
- .- .Oru-.

CATEGRY'cCMCET/ SWIMO NOLR FOO

6.5.4 ACTIVITY/ DI"

F'ormat ion/ .

reserve stat lonhry

6.5.5 ACTIVITY/ DIVIS

Formt ion/

blocking1 numeral indicates amount

Li of force

6.6.1 ACTIVITY/ TCO, FM 21-30

DustroForce

Destroyed/ super imposed over referred

symbol

6.7.1 ACTIVITY/ TCO, FM 21-30

Phoney' / norma ly placed over

ref erred sWmbo I

6.9.1 ATIVITY/ TCO, FM 21-30

Propoganda' mouthp iece of megaphone

at map location

6.9.1 ACTIVITY/ HATO D-49(198)

Reconnaissance/

area static

6.10.1 ACTIVITY/'r--I TOS

Respons ib t I ity/

arc of

6.11.1 ACTIVITY/ TOS

Snorke I ing/

7.1.1 C01rJICIlOW'b W TO 1)-49(19W)

[pit/

Emitting

57

V.- -- -- , .. , .dS ~ ~ t~ b * ~.'.
CGORYAQN1EPT/ SOLR. cr AND RG

7.1.2 CrIlt4ICATIOrv DIVr'S

Exit/

Emitters

7.1.3 COl'LJ4CATIOIV DI IVS

Exit/

emitter - radar see also Radar

7.Z. 1 Co"ICATIOW, FM 21-38

Message Cnter/

?,3.1 COMMUNICATIOI CPS

Signal/

7.3.2 COIMMJICATIOIV xx r 21-30

Signal/

center sg. ttr. not at CP post or

signal area HO (unit code inside circle)

7.3.3 COMMMICATIOlV FI ZI-30

Signal/

center see also INSTALLATIONS,

Electronic (4.6)

7.3.4 COMMlHCATIO/ NATO D-49(196M)

Signal/

comun icat ion

7.4.1 COMMWICATIOV ETA TEST 80

Camw Site/

7.5.1 COMJ ICATIO1s "TO D-49(1W)

58
CATEGORY/ccrN4PT/ SYMBOL SCi.RCE AMFVa

7.5.2 CE1'JICATIOtV TCO, FM 21-30

comiunicat ion

7.5:3 COMLJ41CATXIW TCO

Jaming

radar

7.5.4 CtllUHICATICIV TCO, BETA TEST 3D

" surface

7.6.1 CCE"JICATICOV BETA TEST BED

Radar/

antenna

7.6.2 CY'"ICATIOV BETA TEST BED, DIVR:S

Radar/

letters placed below symol

indicite type ie AD, GCI

7.6.3 OMMUNICATIOW WTO D-49(180

Radar/

7.6.4 Wflh1ICTIOW CPS

Radar/

7.6.5 CWt"tICATIOW CP

Radar/

fan

Radar/

%-. . . 6 COM Z" ICATI 

TcO

intercept wW

W stat ion

59

, d -

- ,:. . ? . , , .,.-. ,. .. - .€ .o...-... . .. , .
.ATEGRY/C~ftI~r/ SYi90L SOLRCE " EM

7.6.7 1JHIICViO TcO, M 21-30 :

Radtr , letters placed below sutnmol

station indicate tupe

7.6.- COMW ICATIOW Ai E-3: PPI

Radar/

site - enemy

7.6.9 COMItCRTIOIVAF E-3A PPI

Radar,

site - friendly

7.6.11 CO, CATIW WTO D 9(180)

Radar /

air defense

7.6.12 CiW'ICTIOt/ ITO D-49(19t)

Radar /

art i I lery locat ing .

7.6.13 COVMICICTIOW HFiTO D-49(1980)

Radar/

electronic warfare

7.6.14 IIMMICATICIV FR 55-2

Radar/

electronic wafae

below SAM ft.

7.6.15 COIWCLIc7Ci iR 55-2

Radar/

electronic warfare

aboie 5,M ft.

7.6.16 CMUMATlOW WR ft

CM below

60
CATEGRY/CICT/ S*PUO SOLRCE FMFN

7.6.17 COt13C1ATICOl VR 55.25

GCS above

7.6.118 CO1MICIAITIOtV NATO D-49 (1980)

Radar/

Intercept

7.6.19 COMMLNICATIOV NATO D-49(1980)

Radar/

ground sensor

sure i I lance

7.6.2 IqtiCTIOV TCO

Radar/ 4 sensor

omndale0

7.6.21 CC 'tJtICTIOIV Teo

Radar/

sensor monitor

station

7.6.22 C'"ICATIOIV TCO

Radar /

sensor man itor receiving on1W

7.6.23 COl'tICTITOW TCO

Radar/

sensor monitor with extended range receiving a

mtst antenna controlling capabilities

7.6.24 CO"WqtICTIWtV TcO

Radar/

sensor relIaV

stat ion

7.6.25 CM1ICATIOC TCO

Radar/

sensor oWsteum

(sector of scan)

61
CArEMPcMtEPT/ SnIact.. SOK-A OO

9.9.1 OBSTA LS FORT/ DIVRAS

Vegetat Ion/ reen

swanp or marsh t

9.9.2 OBTALES M FORT/ DIRS

vegetationl/ 4 >

9.10.1 OBSTACLES M FORT/ Fi 21

Toxic Agent/ HD HD type shon on outside of

symbol

9.11.1 OBSTA A FORT/ Fis 21-30

Trenches/

dug-out

9.11.2 OSTAC .ES A FORT/ F z-30

Trenches/ fort if ied

9.11.3 OBTIACLE5 ;M FORT/ FI 21-30

Trenches'

fort ifIed rea

9.11.4 OBSTACLES 90 FORT/ TCOI

Trenches/

foxhole, felons, F7

imp I cemnt

9.11.5 OBTACLES P FORT/ TCO FIM 21-30

Trenches/

p I I lbox or casement 1]

9.11.6 OBSTALES FM FORT/ FIM 21-30

Trenches/ w

surface strong 4 be €ontined pith unit

point size sto1

62
CTEGOR/CONCEPT/ SfllDO SORC AM~ WVMG

9.11.7 OBTCE AND FORT/ FM 21-30

Trenches/

she) ter surface

(above ground)

9.11.8 OBSTACIES A FORT/ FM 21-30

Trenches/

shelter underground

9.11.9 OSTP7LES AN FORT/ FM 21-30

Trenches/

anu trench austem

9.11.18 OBSTA.LES A FORT/ FM 21-30

Trenches/

trench with firin9 bagjs

9.11.11 OBSTACLS AN FORT' FM 21-30

Trenches/ O

weapon slit, foxhole F7 Other sole end nuwbers

or emplacement maW be added.

9.12.1 OSTACES AND FOR D

Zone' 

DR

air attack

9.12.2 OBST .LES A FORT' DIVRAS Zone/.

artiI ler fire

1.1.1 V"IIOE,.I ' FM 21-30

Amphibious/

arwured bodW %ipe

19.1I.2 VE.ICL.ESV TCO

Amphibious/

light assault

wheeled Q

63

* ? ' * .**1 ~ .' '
.n w~~W W 

-- S pe S.FWfl nfl rS lft.,a

CATEGORYCO PT/ SYMOL SC4RCE ANFEYMS

10.1.3 VD4ICL/ FI 21-30

Amphibious/

cargo body type

1.2.1 VD CLS " P 21-30

Animal/ A A mans of mobility

18.3.1 VE4ICLS/ 21-30, TCD

Armoured/

assault sun -

Slight

1.3.2 VEHICLE/ FM 21-30, lCD

Armoured/

assault Sun -

medium

10.3.3 VEI0.£5/ IM 21-313, TCO

Armoured/

assault Sun -

heavy

10.3.4 VEHIOM/ NATO D-4919W) ArmouredJ/

personne I carrier

10.3.5 VHIOM.S/ TCD FM 21-30

Ar moured/

personne I carr ter

I ight

10.3.6 VEHIQCS/ TCOD, FM 21-30

Procured/

personnel carrier medium

16.3.7 VEHICLS TCO, FPi 21-30

personnel carrier

he"v

64

v* e w ~ h~e e et • 4st *4 . • ', -. 'e'q~ee,' '.* " , o . * . * *" * . * * ., ,.. 
CATEGORY/CNCEPT/ SVIMO S0JRCE AN O M

10.3.8 VEHICES/ FM 21-30, TCO

Pimoured/

reconnaissance

vehicle, light

19.3.9 .I1ES/ FM 21-30, TCO

Arnmoured/

reconnaissance

vehicle, medium

10.3.10 VEHICLS/ FM 21-0, TCO

rmoured/

reconnaissance

vehicle, heavy

19.4.1 VEHICLM./ TCO, FM 21-30

Boat/

or barge means of eobility

1.5.1 V4HICL/ BETA TEST BE

C-Cbe/

10.6.1 VDICO.S/ TCO cargo/

%eeled vehicle

19.7.1 ycHi% I/ FM 21-30

Engine/

Iocomot ive body types

10.8.1 VEH~ICLES/: TCO

19.9.1 VICL./ NATO D-49(1980)

Ibvertraft/

65
CATEGcERY/COICt1T/ SYMBOL 6cO.RM F'O VAGS

10. 10.1 I 1ES/ CDEC-VIDS

ICV/

threat vehicle arMal

Thin

18.11.1 VEHIIC../ ATCO

Landing Vehlcle/ TC

6. 11. 12 v4,VI.m,/ TCO

Landing Vehlcle/ TE

10. 11.13 VEICLES/ A TCO

Landing Vehlcle/ TP

10.11.14 V .4I./ A TCO

Landing Vehicle/

10.12.1 VD41CL.ES/ NATO D-49(1980)

MICY/ V

18.13.1 VE%4HIa / CEC-VIDS

Mlar ine/ E& f ava surrogate, LCV ama

10. 14.1 VEH4IC.S/ FM 21-30

Opertional, Oprated ( body types (see also 12.23.2 and 12.26.1)

l9.14.2 ME}410..ES '/Zl

Opeational/

un eed L.J body tpes

: +,'. " %' .--''\,' . ;' % . ;'j . ' - ' '+' ".,.;.,''+ ",.,'''','.",',.,.".,,-+'+. ".'. ""' ",-.66.,.''..

.: + + ._ . a! :. ' . , % a+-. +-. k _ + .+.+ ,+, . .'a . , , . ,,.T . v: -++,+' ri*. r,' ._ ',,',-, ,-
CATE;C,'0co"4T/ S"IL S0LR'X :

10.15.1 VEHICLES,' I 21-38

means of mobilit

19.16.1 VICL/ FM 21-30

Personnel/ 126

and/or cargo body types see also 18.2S.2

carry ing

19.17.1 VEHLES F 21-30

Ri0 C means of mobility

19.19.1 VE4ICLES/ BErTA TEST BED

Reconnaissance/ A

V

19.18.2 VEICES' CEC-VIDS

Reconnaissance/

threat B tDM

19.18.3 VE.ICLI' NATO D-49(19M)

Reconnaissance/

Sledge/sled' C.... man bf mobility to""r

11.1.1 VEH1.IMES HATO D-49(1980)

SS/bmuv me

67
CA~TGORYVOMMPT/ SYMfl'gL SOREAt O

19.22.1 VEIMM'3 CI C-VIDS

Tank/

WI -I: vc

10.22.2 VEHIOESo' NATO D-49(110), I" 21-38

Tank/ L , TCO, BTA TEST BD

I ight

10.22.3 VEHICLES" NATO D-49(19S0), I1 21-30

Tank/ , TCO, BETA EST BED

medium

19.22.4 VDIICLES/ HATO D-49(1980), FI 21-30

Tank/ L , TCO, BETA TEST BE

heasii

19.23.1 V4ICU.ES FIM 21-3

Tracked/

sel f-propelled means of mobility

119.23.2 V4ICLES/ FM 21-30

Tracked/

or half-tracked mans of mbilit!

19.24.1 VVCIWES/ BETA TEST BED

Train/

19.25.1 VEHICLES/ rI 21-38

/0 means of mbility

19.2.2 VHICLS/ FM 21-30

Uee led/

cross countrv means of mobilttW

68

-. r * * .~ *,. j * *.~ b *.p~ * .4,
OATEGORY/C0NCT- SYMBOL SOLUKE AN RDMAGS

10.25.3 VEHICLES/ FM 21-30

Iee led/

self-propelled -0 0 means of mobility

18.26.1 %D41CLES/ HATO D-49(19M)

Inspecif i ed/

armoured s see also 19.23.2

10.26.2 V LO.ES/ HATO D-49(1980)

LUhspec if ied/

unprotected see also 10.16.1

19.Z7.1 VEHII.S BETA TEST BD

Vehicles/ti i

10. 7.2 VEHIOES/ PLRS

Surf ace/

11.1.1 IAPOV iASS

Artillery/ Iii target symbol

11.1.2 WElPOlr E'TA TEST BE3D, TOS

Art ilIlery/ i

light or unknown I I

11.1.3 bCAPOV BTA TEST BED, TOS

Art l lery/

edium+

11.1.4 WmE1 Ol BETA TEST D , TOE

irt iI lerd/

69
CTEGRY/CONET/' SYMBOL SCW..RCE FM' FVVF4S

11.1.5 WErW MIASS frtI1 erw/

D/S lireedlate request

11.1.6 I, PO WAFSS

Arti11er/

VS immediate request

11.1.? WCPOW BETA TEST BD

11.1.9 iW E PO W BETA TEST D

rti 1 ]erw/

11.1.9 WE__ BETA TEST BD Anl 1 lerll

11.1.113 IAP, Ar 5"-25

Art i I1 erw/

air defense L, I or H may be placed below

to specifW It, wed or hv iAA.

11.1.11 WE POI WA:S

Pr i1 lerw/

air defense target *Wmol

11.1.12 ELW ToS

Pet i I lerw/

air defense see also Gun

11.1.13 ICt- ETA TEST I3

air defense/

light or unknown

70

" I" *1 'S'. ' ,', i, ' i h .t,,..."" , . ". . " .v" .' '. " : ".,. ,
CATEGORY/CMW7/T SYIUCL SOLRCE AN DA

11.1.14 .ImPE]O ETA TEST ED

tI1lerV1 /

air .defense/medium.

11.1.15 lCAoV BETA TEST BED

At I I ery/

air defense/heajy

11.1.16 WW- BETA TEST ED

A tie 1 lerv / 1

11.1.17 AW AI'ETA TEST ED

Arti I lerw/ t

11.1.19 EP_ "ETA TEST BD

11.2.1 WCAOW rP1 21-30, HATO D-49(198)

Ml Thrower/ TCO

portable 

11.2.2 I4EW f'1 21-30, NATO D-49(19W )

Ilwe 'Thrower/ TO

whicle mounted

11.3.1 lmCPV FM1 21-30, ATO D-49(19W)

Gun/ TCO, TOS

howit Zer, light

11.3.2 5E*W FM 21-30, NATO D-49(19M) Gun,/.I TCO, TOS

howitzers medium

71

"." ~~~~~~-',:- ,-' , ".' :.;,::, 'I,-,.-."-',"-:-,i
C$ATEGORY/CNMPT/ SYMIBOL ScE.RCE " FIM

11.3.4 bCFP*r FM 21-30, NATO D-1980

hobwitzer, ev

11.3.5 ICPPMV FM 21-0, T06, TCO

Howi tzer/

11.3.5 WEA0rv FM 21-30, 106, TCO

Howtzer/

heavy

Gun/ j

SPI ight

11.3.8 ImE*Qt HI

SP/medium

11.3.9 iWPIV TCO

Gun/

SP/heavy

11.3.183 WE.FPOW 106, TCO

Hobwitzer/

11.311 IF~0T 10, TCO

medium0

72
CATEGORY/' ET/ SYMOL SOLRM A

11.3.12 WEAPOW t TOS, TCO

Howitzer/

SMB8vv-203fn heajg

0

11.3.13 iAOv FM 21-30, NATO D-49(19)

Cum/ *TCO

air defense/l ight

11.3.14 WEAPOQ FI 21-30, IATO D-49(19)

Gun/ , TCO

air defense/medium

11.3.15 WL*Or I1 21-30, TCO Gun/

air defense/heavl

11.3.16 ILWW TOS

Gun/

air defense

arti I lerw/low

11.3.17 tE.EPOW4 TOS

GUn/

air defense artil lery/md, -

11.3.18 WEAPOW TOS

Gun/

air defense

artillerW/hish

11.3.19 WECPOW IM 21-30, TCO

air defense/

machine, light

11.3.0 A RI 21' 0, TCO

air defense/

machine, medium

73
C~ATEGORY/CONCEPT/ 5l9 SOLRCE FrO EPO

11.3.21 WEF.PWW FM 21-30, TCO

Gun/

air defense/

machine, heavy

12.3.22 WEPO TCO

Gun/

air defense/

SP ight 0

11.3.23 b:POWV TCO

Gun/

air defense/

SP, medium

11.3.24 WEAPOV TCO

Gun/

air defense/ SP, heavy

11.3.25 WFEPOW CDEC-VIDS

Gun/

air defense/ armal test

Soviet-ZSUJ

11.3.26 WIWW CIEC-VIDS

Gun/

air defense' armval test

Soviet-ZSU-234

11.3.27 WEPOt CDC-VDS

Gun/

air defense/ a-mN'a test

Soviet-ZSLI

11.3 . 28 WlF.IP O / 

'TOS

air defense/

234-Aaolcan

1 1 .3 .2 9 & c w w T o s

air defense/

thaparrel-' lCafl

74
CATEMOYCIEtT/ SYMBO~L SOuRCE " EM

11.33 WEPOW TOS

ant i-tank/1i 9 ht

11.3 .31 WEAPOW NATRIO D-,49(19ee), TCO

ant --tank/l ight

11.3.32 WEACPOF TO D-49(1980), TCO

Gun/

ant i-tank/ed iur

11.3.33 WECPOW HATO D-49(190), TCO

Gun/

ant I-tankhea' W

11.3.34 WEPOW P 21-30, tIATO D-49(198)

ant i-tank role/

1ight

11.3.35 WEePOW FM 21-30, HATlO D-4911910)

Gun /, , BETA TEST B

anti-tank role/

meditu

11.3.36 WWW F1 21-10, ITO D-49(198)

anti-tank GO nkVoe role/ BETA TEST ED

he"j

11.3.37 WCAPOW BETA TEST 3D

ant i -tank,0 SP/

Iight or unknowni

11.3.38 WPVI" BETA TEST BE

anti-tank, medium SP/

75

LW.X
CATEOFY/COMCET/ SflIBO SciLRE R[I

11. 3.39 I.WEPOt KT TEST E

Gun/ anti--tank, heavy 4

11.4.1 W-AIV flI 21-30, TCO, MIFW S

Missile/

light ni see also Rocket

11.4.2 W.qCOtV FM 21-30, TCO

Missile/

medium see also Rocket

11.4.3 WEFPOV FM 21-30, TCO

Miss i le/ hea~j see also Iocket

11.4.4 WEACOIV FM 21-30

Missile/

air defense

l ight--

Miss iles

airt defense

medium

11.4.6 WIEMCV /M 21-30

Hmissiles/

air defense

heavy

11.4.7 WMPWIWTO D-4d9(1980)

missile/

surface to air l ight

11.4.9 WE POW:WTO D-49(1980)

milsi le/'

smrfce to ir

medium

76
CATEGORY'COtET/ SYIIBL SaLR;KT-C

11.4.9 bAOI W NATO D-49(19M)

Miss ile/

surface to air

11.4.10 WEP TCO

isle'/ Olp

surface to air

Iight

11.4.11 WEAPOWV TOO)

Mlissle/

surface to air

medium

11.4.12 WE =WW TO

Missile/

surface to air

heavy

11.4.13 WEFWQtV ( TCO

Missile/

surface to air, SP

light

11.4.14 WEW v TCO

Missile/

surface to air

11.4.15 W-APOl 

TCO

Missile/

surface to air

11.4.16 bCF*t - ~CDCC-VIDS

MIssile/

surface to air/ KTC test

enemy

11.4.17 WEWW CDEC-VYIDS

Mliss I ls

surface to air/ N'c tet

fri endly

77
CATEMc/vCCET/ SYMBOL SOLRM gmO M 0R

11.4.18 WJFeI BETA TEST B

Mi ss lid/,

sursace to it numerals placed beneath show

unknown size.N numerals mean unk.

11.4.19 .EAPOt P1M 21-30, TOS

Miss i t/

surface to air

1 i9ht

11.4.M W;CW r-M 21-30, TOS

Missil e/

surface to air

medium

11.4.21 WE4P1 F', 21-30, TOS

Missile/ 42

surface to air

heavy

11.4.2 W-APW T05

Missile/

surface to air

chaparral 0

11.4.M FAPt (AF0R 55-25

Miss iIe/

surface to alr/

chaparral- ica

11.4.24 WI.AP TOS

Missile/

surface to air ni

11.4.25 IP A E-C PII

Missile/

surface to air

enewt

11.4.2r WEP AF E-3 PP I

Miss iIe/

surface to air

friendly

78

S: 'S *9::* 

;:.: : .<.: .::: :;:: \ :;::: , . ,
CA~TGCM /CQ4T/ SlJLSCX.RCE 4 (

1M 21-30, BTA TT ED, TOS

Missile/, 

HTO D-49(19"X

surface to surface

light or unknown

1.4.Z 21-30, TA TEST BED, TOS 1142 WEllPOW , WT D10l-4,9(1980)

.surface tO surface

medium

11&4.29 IC V FM 21-30, IETA ST I, TOS

Missle4 HA t4,TO D-49(19W)

surface to surface

* heayl

11.4.30 I.APW TCO

Missi le/

surface to surface 1

'wheeled, light

11.4.31 WEAPOV TCO missile/

surface to surface .%hee led, medlium0

11.4.32 WEA.-V TOO

Missi1le/

surface to surface

beeled, heavy0 11.4.33 WrEqlPO W TCO

Missile/

surl ace to surface 0 0 0

11.4.34 1EFAP! - ' Missile/ TCO

surf'ce to surface 4p

0 0 0

11.4.35 Wc-Mr TO

.Miss le/

slurface to surface i 0 O0

.. 79
CATEGORY/CONCEPT/ 9YM SOJR E

11.4.36 WAPO IWTO D-49 (1980 )

Mlss le/

ant i-tank/In

11.4.37 aEnP- TtS

Missile/

wti-tank

I ight

11.4.38 WPO* V FM 21-30, TCO

Miss ile/

anti-tank

w ight

11.4.39 W-* V F1 21-30, TCO

Missile/

ant i-tnk

mredium

11.4.40 WI:Ol F" 21-30, TCO

Miss ile/ wnt -tanmk

heavy(

11.4.41 t.APOV BETA TEST BED

Missi le/

SP/9d ant i-t&nk

11.4.42 IEFO O TcO

Missile/

ant i-tank nj SP, l ight 0

11.4.43 WEAPOI TCO

Mliii| le/

ant i-tank SP, wdium 0

11.4.44 WWW0' TCO

Misile/ ant I -tak

,heavy 0

80

, ., .,. , . . . ;.%,v + €. - . . -I':.. . ';.: .v:°: . . .?
CATEGORY/CO ,'T S'n/.. SCP M

11.4.45 Wm Wm CDEC-VIDS

Ni38.1 It/ NTC test

11.4.46 WEROW CDEC-V]IS

Missile/

tow, FC mounted KTC test

11.4.47 I '~mmmC~DEC-VIDS Miss i le/ 

M- - h I fi

tow, ground hellfire test

11.4.48 WEAPW CDEC-VIDS Missile/ ar vl t s

U.S. Dragonlams!ts

11.5.1 WEAPW BETA TEST ED

Mobrtar/

11.5.2 IF.POWV TOE

Pbrtar/

undifferenlt iated

11.5.3 WEAPOW WAFSS

brtir/ 0 immediate request

11.5.4 IE.CP WlrASS

Pbrtar/ target

11.5.5 l V I" 21-30, NTO D -49(118)

Pbrtar/ * TCO

8ight

81
CATEGOCRV/CHt~T SYMBWOL SOLRC AN EM

11.5.6 WE4POW IM 21-30, NATO D-49(198)

, br tar, TCO•

medium

11.5.7 W QtV FM 21-39, NTO D-49110)

11.6.1 I.EPPOt TCO, MIFFSS

Naval Gunfire/

.! (DSS)

11.6.2 WEPPOW TCO, MIFS

Naval Gunfire/ i

11.6.3 WEWCV TCO, MIFIS

Naval Gunf ire/

unassilned ship

11.7.1 WAPO/ FM 21-30, TCO

RiflIt/ ~i'I

recoilless, light

11.7.2 ICq3O F'M 21-30, TCO

Rifle/

recollless, edlum

11.7.3 IUPOIV 21-30, TCO

Rif4le/

recoilless, heavy

11.9.1 WEPO TOS

Rocket/

undifferentiated

82
CATEGORY/CCEPT/ SYMBOL SOLRCE " EAK

11.8.2 121EAPOV F 21-30, NATO D-49(198)

Rocket/ . TC)

I ight

11.9.3 .EPPO/ I 21-30, NATO D-49(1e)

Rocket/ , TCO

medium

11.9.4 WEWW FI 21-30, HATO D-49(198)

Rocket/ , TCO

heavT

11.8.5 IaEC:OW CEC-VIDS

Rocket/

uanheld, laser NTC test

guided

11.8.6 WEAPOW FM 21-30, I:SS

Rocket/

l ight eI e &)so Missile and 6.8.2.

11.8.7 WEAPOW RI 21-3, MIFSS

Rocket/

medium See also Missile and 6.9.3

11.9.8 WE W FI 21-30, SIFS

Rocket/

he"j. See also Missile and 6.8.4.

11.9.1 WEFPOV TCO

Rocket Launcher/

SP/light, tracked

11.9.2 EPPW , TCO

Rocket Launcher/

SP/medium, tracked

83

s .
CATEGORYCOMCEPT/ SYM'BOL soiiE P ,IV4G

11.9.3 IWEAPOV ?COC 

Rocket Launcher/

SPheavi, tracked

* 11.9.4 IEAPOV & TCO

Rocket Launcher/

SP/I ght, wheeled

11.9.5 W.WW & TCO

Rocket Launcher/

SP/ned lum, he led

o0o

11.9.6 WC.POW/& TCO

Rocket Launcher/

SPeav, h'eeled 000

11.9.7 WEAFW BETA TEST BD

Rocket Launcher/

* jtl-barrel

11.9.8 b l I FM 21-30, I1TO D-49(1i )

Rocket Launcher/ , TOS

mlti-barrel,

artillero, llht

11.9.9 ICPV IM 21-30, NATO D-49(1980)

Rocket Launcher/ , TOS

mutil-barrelI,

ertl!lerv, idium

11.9.10 kE V FIFM 21-30, NATO D-4910)

Rocket Launcher/ , TOS

multi-barrel,

art IIer, he"

11.19.1I WEO WAI:S

Skapon/ I

84

'4 t% ', . '' ." . "..' J' ", ' . ' . " "
Part 2. Air Defense Symbols

Included in this section are symnbology sets from the following systems:

AN/TSQ-51

AN/TSQ-73

Improved Hawk

Nike-Hercules

PATRIOT

ROLAND

DIVAD GUN

The symbols with explanations are taken from technical manuals associated

with the specific system.

85
-94

TM 9-1430-560-10/1 . Af

T. Ball Tab. The ball tab market (fig. 1-4) is a 1-16 .Alphanumeric Data

,/S.inch diameter cice.Tis make ndicatres th Mg. 1- and 1-6)

position of the track ball. Each letter of the alphabet and each digit, zero

b. Hook. The hook marker (fit. 1-5) is a 2/2-inch through nine, can be displayed on the ppi. Alphadiameter circle. A hook marker surrounds the track numeric data accompanies its related symbol and conmarker symbol or target video that is in close control ssso w ie ffu hrcesec fg -)

of a console. It also surrounds the ire unit site or This data can be associated with track markers, fire

tracking marker when the console is paired with the unit site markers, and fire unit tracking markers. Fire

fire unit or when a command is transmitted to the unit site markers and special track markers are always

ire unit. accompanied by an alphanumeric data display; a fire

unit tracking marker has its data displayed only when

. lo Strobe. A jam strobe (fig. 1.5) is a straight the marker is in close control. Unknown, friendly,

line that originates at (he position of the generating and hostile track markers are displayed with their

* site and points toward the source of an interference associated alphanumeric data when track data is se-

* signal. lected for ppi display.

LOCAL SLEBI EOE REMOERNE

REFERENJCED FRIENDLYY EEEND

'TRACK FRIACKOL

TRACKMMRRKE

LOCAL REFERENCED

FRIENDLY

TTRACK

M&KRMARKER.

WITH

VELOCITY

VECTOR 

LC,

TRAC

SPECIA 1. ' Tat dtn gmbl

TRACK

MARK8R

LOCA
IM 9-1430-.560-10/1

1

40O0KEb FIRE UNIT

?RACK,1.~ MJARKf ft

LOCAL SPECIAL.

(TO BE DROPPED) F0

AfR NG LIN E 3 9 2 F' t s s -e

01UNTSITE QTE0 Qi L10A

*RS 5ITE UINW

TRACK ~JAMMIC

JAM

STROSES

CORRELATED 

U04RK!ER

VI E Co 

E b)

LOCAL Ax

LONINOWN

TR AC L23

NOOK 3 R C

IIYMBOL o F-o0v

NOS!ILEINBTE

E4 7

Swee p I&EECED

F ig.,.j mad pp0drle Ot G 3210M

87
CS TM 9-1430-60-.10/1

a. Local Track Displays. Information contained in e. SAGE/BUIC Track Displays. Informaton con.

the alphanumeric display for local friendly, unknown, tained in the alphanumeric data display for friendly

and hostile track markers is shown in figure 1-8. The and hostile track markets is shown in figure 1-13.

type of alphanumeric data displayed for local special There is no display of unknaown SAGE/BUIC tracks

track markers is shown in figure 1-9. A local simu- and, therefore, no alphanumeric data display. The

lated track display is shown in figure 1-10. type of alphanumeric data displayed for special

b. Remote Track Displays. Information contained SAGE/BUIC track markers is shown in figure 1-14.

in the alphanumeric display for remote friendly, un- . Fire Unit Displays. Information contained in the

known, and hostile track markers is shown in figures alphanumeric data display for fire unit site markers

1-11 through 1-11.3. The type of alphanumeric data is shown in figure 1-15. The type of alphanumeric

displayed for remote special track markers is shown data displayed when a fire unit tracking marker is

in figure 1-12. hooked is shown in figure 1.16.

3/S IN. - 4-1is IN.-0141 I 3.116 IN.-4- 3,116 I4

I I I I I

II I I I I I I I I

II I I I

]0

SYMBOL

ALPHANUMERIC FIELD

CENTER -TO-CENTER MEk SURtEAENTS

03t0 Q 12109S

Figue 1.7. Data diplay hield.

LOCAL FRIENDLV iRRACK NU AMRER TRACKING METHOD

TRACK MARKER LX LOCAL 1z DIGIIS) At AUTOMATIL.

- M * MANUAL

L dM

~02 

V 

3F

RAID SIZE

"I4EGHT(3 DIGITS) 5z INrvLE

L'SOIOOO FEET F'$:EW

M MANY

W: NO ESTIMATE

ORD G 1 L0436

Figvve I-8. Laca track display.

1-7
I ~ ~TM 9-1430-560-.10/1 C SP C B LSPECIAL rvSr

TRAC~K Num8a~s A:TIYPEA

L&LOCAL (2 DIGITS) Cz TYPEC.

~23F

R AID StIZE

H4EIGH4T (3 DIGITS) STSINGLE

LSD '5000 FEET F-FEW

bdz O E STIMA&TE

ORD & 3ZI097

LOCAL Fiure 1-9. Lord spetril d ,Iji,,pay. SIMULATED TRACK 

MAKRSIMULATED S:LOCAL TRACK NUIARER (2 DGITS) M MAWIUAL SL± 5H

~02 3N.

j RAID SIZE

M4EIGHT (3 DIG ITS) F2 FEW

LSD cIDODo :EE-rwTN

NaWO ESIwATE5

ORD G 321114

Figure 1-10. Local jimulagel irwd dawptay.

REMOTE REMOTE SOURCE

M OSTILE As SOURCE NO. I TRACK~ B* SOURCE NO.? MARKER C-- SOUREE NO.3 TRACK NUMBER ENA MNTSAU

V'- SOUJRCE NO.4 (Z DIGITS) E: NGAGEDTSAU

> DLIf8.N 0 21S RADSI

HEIGH4T (3 DIGITS) Mz MANY

LSD-- 1000 FEET ORO

Figure 1-11. AADCP remote track display.

89
CS TM 9-1430-560-10/1

NO.AL 3L PRMARY TRAL( %UMBCRq EN&ACCIENT STATUS

MARKER AADD (a. Diis) N F4T E NGAGEO

IL 2 CNGAGCO

V RAID SIIL

M4Ea&WT (3oIG,17) wt POO CSTIM4rg

LS068O00 FEET S: SINGLE

OM MANY

*Fiagre1.1 RRIS remote track wilb parent AADC? selecedeL

s SECONDCARY TRACK NUMBER GEMEWT STATUS

@,A~k[R AAOCP (a DIGI'TS) IM NOT CKC.A.Et

MAID sz

4164T( iriT) MO ESrTIT

110:1000 vIE!FIE

01to 6 323337 3Figure 1-11.2. RRIS remoe track wi alternate AADCP selected.

NOSTILt arkrivorr TRACK NUMBER CNhGA~ftAENT STATUS

0MA#WR TRACK (z DirmITS) 042ND? LNG&GE'0

C ENGAGE D

ROIN

6CGNT (3 DIGITS) So60CL

L SO% 1000 CET to:-MAN V

ORD& X 23311

3Fisure 1.1.3.IRS remoe fro froIm sOur osbr thans paret or allierel AADCP.

90
TM 9.-143"-60-10/1

REMO'E SOURCE

A. gioulcu No. I SPECIAL TYPES

t T OURCE wo.z A slYPE A

SPECIAL C a jOUf'CE NO TRACK NUMBER 91z TYPE &

MARKER 0 %SOuQCE, JO.i (11,CvTS) CsVTYPE C

E :SOURCE NO.A v 0- oRop RE QuEST

D~SB Rmb SIZE

14EmmyH 13 DI6'T1s) OD6ILo

LSD:- 1000 FEET ObC119

Fig.,,' 1412 RIMe:1, sPIIltrack 44p0a7

swrihNOiY ALWAYS

RICENDLYE yE5ASEISUIC TRACK NUMA3ER ZERO

TIRACK tARKR St

HOSTILE L-.. I wC2 0 2 W: NO ETuIblE

1IMUL&I EDTRkCst KEKHEIGHT (3 IITS) ORD & *621100

LSIDIOOO FEE7

Figwve 1-13 S.4GE/BVIC track iisPlay

SPECIALSPEClAL TYPES

S PER IA L ah 'T P E k

y:SAG,&fBUIC. TRACK NUMBER Do DROP REQUEST

Y 

7A

us MANY

mIto MO fTIUATf

6.O0: 1000 FEET ORD s st1101

Fig,,, 1-14 SAGE/BI)IC DPec~il track diSPIOY

v 1-9

91
TM 9-1430-560-10/I

SITE 

FIRE 

MARI 

UNIT FIRE UNIT FIRE UNIT .RK LABEL NUMBER

o FU 12

CONSOLE 

70 STATUS

RtR, ItTE

FIRE UlfIt RuREADY €oufts.Ur, 'T TRACKINIG

EaEFFICTVE PRIMARY SECODAR'r

1: INEFFICTgVp CMeDCMA~

USKILL. 0 OUT OP Cr"

ACT IOu CfgGAGE UsIs KNTU 14OLD FIRE UNKNwtN€ CEASEFIRE

09 NO COMMAND

AS BEEN

GIVEN ORD 6 321102

Figure 1-15 Firt auxl sit d upty (U).

FIRE UNIT FIRE UNIT FIRE UNIT

SRACKING MA.RKER LABEL NUMBER

FU 2

0 23 F RJU& :LE

V~M MANMY HEIGHT (S DIGITS) Nu NO ESTsIATE

LSIDIO10 FEET ORO G 321103

FiASW 1-1 . Fire /tradaug di APL

Section IV . CONTROLS AND INDICATORS

1-17 . General TOM, 1.1 Cr COOe,,I Pati C.wir0l, The operating controls and information display in- Col Functio, dicators for the AN/TSQ.51 system are those located SWEEP FOCUS 18 €oiunction with SWEEP ASTIG, on the back-lighted panels and on the shelf of the con- controls sharpness of radar sweep. sole (fig. 1-17) and the ire unit status board. Con. SWEEP ASTIG In controls conjunction sharpness with SWEEP FOCUS. trots on the shelf are the of radar sweep. track ball and the TRACK: SWEEP INT Controls brighaess of sweep. BALL ENABLE pushbutton. The panel marking and SYm FOCUS In conjunction with SYM ASTIG. function of all other operator's controls except those controls sharpness of symbols. on the communications panel are listed in paragraphs SYM ASTIG In conjunction with SYAI FOCUS. 1.13 through 1-21 and in tables 1-1 through 1-7. controls sharpness of symbols. SYM INT Controls brightmess of symbols. 1-18 . Crt Control Panel (Fig. 1-18) CENTER: P beam horizontally. The controls on this panel, used to establish the S--N Positions beam vertically. overall crt display characteristics, are listed in table RANGE MARK Controls brightness of range marks. !-1. INT

* 1-10

92
TM 9.1430-652-10-1

t facilitate console operator in:t.rpretation and decision 1-14. Symbol Flash Characteristics. Various ovmmaking. Figures 1-7 thru 1-17 show the format of the bology used in the system will flash to call the attention

alphanumeric block associated with each type of symbol of the Olerator to some specific condition. Table 1-3

and define the meaning of each character in the block, provides this information.

SIZE (INCH)

TYPE SYMBOL

LOCAL REMOTE

TAB SYMBOL

(SEE NOTES 1 AND 2) 0 1/8 N/A

HOOK SYMBOL 1/2 N/A

(SEE NOTES 1.2, AND 3)

06

POINTER N/A 1/4

(SEE NOTE 4) v

NOTES:

1. THE TAB AND HOOK SYMBOLS ARE UNDER THE OPERATOR'S CONTROL THROUGH USE OF THE

CONSOLE POSITION TAB. THE OPERATOR POSITIONS THE TAB SYMBOL OVER THE OBJECT TO BE

HOOKED AND THEN PUSHES THE POSN HOOK BUTTON IN THE TASK FUNCTIONS SECTION OF

THE DISPLAY CONSOLE.

2. THE TAB AND HOOK SYMBOLS ARE LOCAL FOR AN INDIVIDUAL CONSOLE AND ARE NOT

TRANSMITTED. NO ALPHANUMERIC DATA BLOCK APPEARS WITH THEM.

3. THE OPERATOI1 USES THE HOOK ACTION TO REQUEST INFORMATION FROM THE COMPUTER ON

THE SYMBOL HE HAS HOOKED. THE COMPUTER DISPLAYS THE APPROPRIATE DATA ON BOTH

THE PPI AND ARO SECTIONS OF THE DISPLAY CONSOLE CRT.

4. THE POINTER SYMBOL IS USED TO DESIGNATE A SPECIFIC LOCATION OR SYMBOL ON THE

SITUATION DISPLAY. THE POINTER IS SENT BY ANY OTHER ATDL-1 OR TADIL-B SITE. ONLY

ONE POINTER SYMBOL MAY BE DISPLAYED AT A TIME. THE POINTER IS DISPLAYED WITH

ALPHANUMERICS REPRESENTING THE TRACK NUMBER/ADDRESS OF THE SENDING SITE.

THE POINTER IS USED TO FACILITATE VOICE COORDINATION BETWEEN TWO SITES.

MS 202140

Figure 1-2. Designation and ControlSymbols

93

1. Chang
TM 9-1430-652-10-1

SIZE (INCH) (SEE NOTE 2)

TYPE SYMBOL LOCAL REMOTE

UNKNOWN

U 1/4 I/5

FRIEND 0 114 1/8

INTERCEPTOR 1/4 1/3

HOSTILE 1/4 I/8

PRIORITY 1/4 1t's

SPECIAL + 1/4 1/

COMMAND TRANSMITTED ( 114 11

COMMAND RECEIVED , 114 1i

NOTES:

1. EACH AIR TRACK SYMBOL HAS AN ASSOCIATED ALPHANUMERIC DATA BLOCK CONSISTING OF

TWO LINES OF FIVE CHARACTERS EACH.

2. SYMBOL SIZE MA'" VARY SO THAT ALL SYMBOLS HAVE THE SAME APPARENT SIZE.

MS 15I740A

Figure 1-S. Air Truck Symbols

Change 2 1-7

94
TM 9-1430-652-10-1

TP SIZE (INCH) (SEE NOTE 3) TYPE

(SEE NOTE 1 SYML/LINE LOCAL REMOTE

DEFENDED POINT 1/8 N/A

(SEE NOTE 4)

COMMAND PO6T SITE [N

(SEE NOTE?) 1/8 N/A

TRUCK PARK SITE N

(SEE NOTE 2) 1/8 N/A

ORDNANCE STORAGE SITE 1/8 N/A

(SEE NOTE 2) A N

POL STORAGE SITE CN

(SEE NOTE 2) n1/ N/A

AIR FIELD SITE 1N

(SEE NOTE 2) L1/8 N/A

RADAR SITE 1/8 N/A

(SEE NOTE 2)

ECM FIX (SITE) c 1/8 N/A

GEOREF MARKER 1/4 N/A

+

MAP LINES NIA N/A

SAFE CORRIDOR IUNES) A N/A N/A

(SEE NOTE 5)

NOTES:

1. THESE SYMBOLS AND LINES MAY BE ENTERED AT THE KPU AND DISPLAYED AS PART OF A MAP.

SYMBOLS ENTERED AS PART OF A MAP ARE NEITHER HOOKABLE NOR TRANSMITTABLE OVER

ADL. IF EITERED DURING MAP GENERATION, ALL SYMBOLS MAY BE ACCOMPANIED BY A TWO.

CHARACTER DISCRIPTOR.

2. THESE SYMBOLS MAY BE ENTERED FROM AND DISPLAYED AT THE DISPLAY CONSOLE. DISPLAY

CONSOLE ENTERED SITE SYMBOLS ARE HOOKABLE BUT NOT TRANSMITTABLE OVER ADL (EXCEPT

ECM FIX). DISPLAY CONSOLE ENTERED SITES ARE ACCOMPANIED BY ONE OR TWO ROWS OF UP TO

FOUR ALPHANUMERIC CHARACTERS EACH, IF THE CHARACTERS ARE ENTERED AT THE DISPLAY

CONSOLE.

3. SYMBOL SIZE MAY VARY SO THAT ALL MARKERS HAVE THE SAME APPARENT SIZE.

4. DEFENDED POINTS MAY BE ENTERED DURING MAPGEN OR BY A CC121. IF ENTERED DURING

PROGRAM DATA ENTRY (CC121), DEFENDED POINTS ARE ACCOMPANIED BY TWO ROWS

OF THREE ALPHANUMERICS EACH.

5. THE LETTERS A THRU L, AS LABELED BY THE OPERATOR, IDENTIFY THE END POINT OF EACH

SAFE CORRIDOR.

MS202136A

Figure 1-5. Fixed Point, Site and Map Symbols, and Lines

95 Change 5 1-9

'M . . * .. i- *• , **! • i i * 4 .. * ., 1 111 11 %.* .. v v
TM 9.1430-652-10-1

/

SIZE

TYPE LINE LOCAL REMOTE )

JAM STROBE 

M -. ;

(SEE NOTE 1)I E- N/A N/A 4

PAIRING LINES: ~NIA NIA"'

PRIMARY ASSIGNMENT

SECONDARY ASSIGNMENT

(SEE NOTE 2)

VECTORS:

VELOCITY NIA NIA

TIME-TO-GO

SEE NOTE 3) N/A N/A

NOTES:

1. A JAM STROBE IS A STRAIGHT LINE ORIGINATING AT THE SITE. FU. OR TRACK BEING JAMMED AND

EXTENDING THROUGH THE JAMMING SOURCE TO THE EDGE OF THE DISPLAY.

2. PAIRING LINES ARE USED TO INDICATE ASSIGNMENTS TO AND ENGAGEMENTS BY FIRE UNITS.

PRIMARY ASSIGNMENT PAIRING LINES INDICATE THAT AN ASSIGNMENT HAS BEEN MADE TO A

FIRE UNIT. A SECONDARY ASSIGNMENT PAIRING LINE INDICATES THE NEXT ASSIGNMENT TO

BE MADE TO THE FIRE UNIT WHEN THE CURRENT PRIMARY ASSIGNMENT IS COMPLETED. PAIRING

LINES INDICATING ENGAGEMENTS AGAINST JAM STROBES TERMINATE WITH A HOOKABLE POINT.

THIS HOOKABLE POINT EXPANDS AND BLINKS IF THERE IS AN OUTSTANDING ALERT TO THE JAM

STROBE. SECONDARY ASSIGNMENT PAIRING LINES ARE DISPLAYED ONLY AT THE BATTALION LEVEL

2. VECTORS ARE USED TO INDICATE AIRCRAFT SPEED AND DIRECTION OR THE DISTANCE TRAVELED

BY AN AIRCRAFT IN A SPECIFIED TIME. A VELOCITY VECTOR IS A LINE EXTENDING OUTWARD

FROM THE AIR TRACK SYMBOL IN THE DIRECTION OF FLIGHT. THE LENGTH OF WHICH INDICATES

THE SPEED OF THE AIRCRAFT (1 INCH - 1800 DATA MILES PER HOUR). A TIME-TO-GO VECTOR IS

A LINE EXTENDING OUTWARD FROM THE AIR TRACK SYMBOL IN THE DIRECTION OF F LIGHT. THE

OUTWARD END OF THE LINE INDICATES THE EXPECTED POSITION OF THE AIRCRAFT AT A SPECIFIED

FUTURE TIME. ASSUMING THE AIRCRAFT MAINTAINS ITS CURRENT SPEED AND HEADING.

MS 195743A

Figure-6. Linn Used with Air Track and Defen.e System Symbol. ("

1.to Catog4

96

--, e Z1 % % w 9 * " % " ' - - • . .- * " ...-.. -.,. ,* .. • .
IM 9-1430-1535-12-2-3 (L4 -t 4 v,,

Table 5-1. Composite Symbol Generation

X AMP v 1ST SYMBOLLK

SYMBOL IST bNM I ST COMPOSITE BLANKING SYMBOL

NAME X AMP V AMP 2ND SYMBOL SYMBOL DISPLAYED _____140 2NDYM 2140 JVM _____ISI

ADP REQUEST SYMBOLS OSVA - MOST THREATING TARGET

LOCAL FULL HALF C) NONE

HOSTILE OFF . FULL II

LOCAL FFFULL HALF CQ IST SYM

UNKNOWN OFF FULL POSITIVE

PLATOON THREAT

LOCAL FULL HALF 0 NONE

HOSTILE HALF FULL 0

LOCAL FULL* HALF c0 1ST SYM

UNKNOWN HALF FULL POSITIVE

4 ~~COMMAND/TRACK/POINTER SYMBOLS______

HOOK FULL FULL 0 ( NONE (

OFF OFF __G

COMMAND FULL FULL 0O NONE

TRACK NONE NONE NONE 0NE 0

HP, FULL FULL El -- I--E

TRACK NONE NONE NONE NONE

HPI FULL FULL

TRACK E3 NONE

& PIV OFF PI I4 J~ OFF_______________

AADCP OFF FULL +

POINTER FULL OFF -NONE

I HAWK OFF. HALF I

POINTER / NONE

JOYSTICK HALF OFF -

QUEUE FULL FULL 0 1ST SYM

COMMAND NONE NONE NONE NEGATIVE

ENGAGED FULL OFF -NONE

TRACK NONE NONE NONE

97

5-4 Part 3
Table $-1. Composite Symbol Generotion-Continued

"X AMP tAMP " _ SYMB _ SYMBOL IST . AMP 1ST SYMBOL COMPOSITE BLANKING SYMBOL

NAME X AMP V AMP 2ND SYMBOL SYMBOL DISPLAYED

N1D NO DYM 2ND SYM

TARGET IDENTIFICATION SYMBOLS

LOCAL FULL HALF C . c NONE

HOSTILE NONE NONE NONE

REMOTE HALF HALF 0 NONE

HOSTILE NONE NONE NONE 0 0

*LCLFULL HALF QD 1: ST SYM

FRIEND NONE NONE NONE NEGATIVE .... symbol:

REMOTE HALF HALF 0 1ST SYM senerat

FRIEND NONE NONE NONE NEGATIVE via the

LOCAL FULL HALF ( IST SYM 5-19.

UNKNOON NONE NONE NONE POSITIVE K The

..ALF.. operati

REMOTE HALF HALF 01 ST SYM produc

UNKNOWN NONE NONE NONE forPOSITIV

etwot a 

IDENTIFICATION CONFLICT SYMBOLS IST/2ND SYM sistor

ier. 7I

LOCAL HOSTILE/ FULL HALF C_) Q NONE 6oscila

REMOTE FRIEND HALF HALF 0 NEGATIVE degre(

gener.

LOCAL HOSTILE/ FULL HALF C)NONE

REMOTE UNKNOWN HALF HALF 0 POSITIVE 5-2).

Tht

LOCAL FRIEND/ FULL HALF C) NEGATIVE Ompli

REMOTE HOSTILE HALF HALF ~ident; 0 NONE analo.

LOCAL FRIEND/ FULL HALF C) NEGATIVE TRA

REMOTE UNKNOWN HALF HALF 0 _ _ POSITIVE hag .. . .. age FULL HALF C) POSITIVE 20-K

LOCAL UNKNOWN/ ~Q an b~ REMOTE HOSTILE HALF HALF 0 NONE_ _ isazi

FULLHAL C) OSIIVEthe

LOCAL UNKNOWN/ FULL HALF O Swit

REMOTE FRIEND HALF HALF 0 NEGATIVE allel

imp

OFF FULL ,I___ ---- 50

RIPPLEsigr FIRE FULL OFF "--N" circ

HALF OFF - sist

gro

W~h

98 tNIM

er(

,' ;' _' , ;: - -* *,. * :,-.* .. > .,,*.. .. -- .. _ . . , ,
"SUMN U "t

VA~ar 0 I@STIL9 $"IDOL

my etwum

1 y,6.CA ws.

Figure 22. M15 display.

(f) The flashing azimuth line appears as a brightened radial line once per rotation of the radial

sweep. The line is positioned in azimuth by a knob on the target designate control-indicator. In target designation, the flashing azimuth line and range circle are positioned to intersect the designated target video.

(g) The electronic cross (local track) is formed by bisecting range and azimuth marks that

represent the range and azimuth, respectively, of the TTR system. When the TTR is tracking a target, the

cross appears superimposed on the tracked target video. Appearance of the electronic cross on the PPI is

controlled by the TRACK CROSS switch on the target designate control-indicator.

(h) Portions of the 1 display may be expanded according to range or sector. When a particular

sector Is selected, that sector occupies the whole area of the 1 with the origin of the sweep at the edge of the

display instead of the center. Range and sector expansions are controlled by switches on the P15 (fig 17).

(2) The F1 on the battery control console displays an expanded portion of the P1 presentation

centered about the intersection of the acquisition range circle and flashing azimuth line (fig 23). Thereby,

targets can be more accurately distinguished and located in range and azimuth. The PI displays a vertical

sweep, which represents a portion of the PPI sweep and acquisition and tFF video. The FPI range circle and

flashing azimuth line are represented by horizontal and vertical lines, respectively, etched in the protective face of the M.

I - RAW~ lift (efchew 4 - Blectronic cross

2 - TFsrSet video (designated asp*t S - sweep h -Axlmu. The (atched)

Figure 23. PI display.

p9
DEP 9-1430-602-10

Table 3-30. Basic Track and Ground Point Symbols

Symbol/name/description Symbol

Null symbol No symbol

Hostile, single

Hostile, multiple

Hostile, single (not eligible for engagement) >

Hostile, multiple (not eligible for engagement) (

Unknown, single U

Unknown, multiple U

Unknown, single (not eligible for engagement) !

Unknown, multiple (not eligible for engagement)

Friendly, single 0

Friendly, multiple

Defended point C3

Intercept point

Firing platoon (FP)

Digital Display Communication Set (DDCS)

Communication Relay Group (CRG)

Pointer

Ambiquous Jammer Position ,

Cursor (situation display)

Special S

Jammer /

Probable kill

(VOA1 0 iTr-1 -V

" -- 3-99 "
IDEP .9-1430-602-10

Table 3-31. Modifier symbols

Modifier name Modifier

Null NO MODIFIER

Engaged Q

To-Be-Engaged (TEE) )

Special (D~

True T

Jamer

Probable kill

Engage hold r H

101

3-200 CmftmGC 3

L-~ lei ****%%*.:v ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ *...
DEP 9-1430-602-10

Table 3-32. Speed/Heading Symbol Selection- Velocity

Speed Symbol length CRT Display

Null No speed/heading symbol shown (example)

(1/2 in.:) Dia ref

1.27 cm ~ Y ( S- /3

Low 2 n.)

(1/2 in.) Dia ref

1.27 cm

High *-~ .635 cm

(1/4 in.)

(1/2 in.) DIA REF

1.27 cm

01- i$.318 cm,

Medium +

(1/16 in.)

_.159 cm_

102

3-101

-" " ,/ . , .", " .. " .*- ". -,.," ..-".',... . .v .. " • ", , .. ...-. .-.- . . .. . . . . . - . . . . . . .
DEP 9-1430-602-10.

Table 3-33. Speed/Heading Symbol Selection -7 Heading

Vector Symbol

reference heading (deg)* ange of

target heading (deg)

1. 0 349 < Heading _5 11

2. .22.5 11 <Heading <_ 34

3. 45.0 34 < Heading _< 56

4. 67.5 56 < Heading g < 79

5. 90.0 79 < Heading < 101

6. 40L 112.5 101 < Heading S 124

7. 4 135.0 124 < Heading < 146

8. 4 157.5 146 < Heading S 169

9. 49> 180.0 169 < Heading S 191

10. 202.5 191 < Heading 1 214

11. 225.0 214 < Heading S 236

12. 247.5 236 < Heading 5S259

13. 270.0 259 < Heading < 281

14. 292.5 281 < Heading S 304

15. 315.0 304 < Heading _5 326

16. 337.5 326 < Heading < 349

.Relative to Y axis of FP or DDCS coordinate system.

103

3-102- _ . . . . . , ,, _ . . * - .. . . . . . . . . .
* DEP 9-1430-602-10

Table 3-34. Static Data Symbology

Category Symbology Coding pe'"arks

_MAP SzLXCT F

Subordinate FP Basic symbol plus a - I to 6

one numeric

Battalion no (DDcS) 3a Basic symbol plus Zncludes 3 Adj Sbs

two alphas as - AA to ZZ

Comma Relay Group Basic symbol plus rI to 6 (CRG) re one numeric

General point aOG Basic symbol plus a&& - AAA to ZZZ

three alphas

DEFEND AREAS

Defended point r a asic symbol plum a - A to Z

one alpha

Defended area I Solid lines plus Squares l one alpha

Forward Edge of --- v Short dash - short Average 4 line

attle Area (FnBA) VESA space lines plus S"mente

FERA

WPM CONTR AREAS

iapon control Solid lines plus Average of 6 sides

volumes one numeric and a - I to 9 one alpha a a r (Free) u (Hold). or T (Tight)

10 APLAS I---'

Restrictea volume Short dash - short Average of 4 sides _ space lines plus R a - I to 99

and two numerics

Prohibited volume (PnnM long dash - long Average of S sides

space lines plus P nn - I to 99

and two numerics

*Safe passage Solid paired lines Average of 4 paired

plus C and two parallel line seg- ¢ n ft numerics wants nn a I to 99

ORIGXh VOLS

Friendly point of Fnn Short dash - short Averaqe of 6 sides

origin volume space lines plus F nn = I to 99 o- and two numerics

Hostile point of l ong dash - long Average of 6 sides

origin volume - $ space lines plus H nn - to 99

and two numerics

GEOREF GRID

Major grid point ,O0 Asteris. or as f Major Grid I asterisk plus 2

alphas at high brightness

intermediate grid Asterisk at low as Major Grid 1D

point brightness

MASK TERR

* • y...emasked terrain . .. _ _j Short dath - short n - I to 25 (kn

spice line plus

four characters

104 3-103

"r "*. . . . " ". * ' ." *" " " ' ,. . " . " ." " . * "~ " -.. . . ..
DEP 9-1430-602-10

ALTERNATE SECTOR BOUNOARY

IMUlUALLY EXCLUSIVE WITH GE REF MARREN

FULL SECTOR BOUNS, DOERAEOICAWE GR1D POINT)

CEO RlEr WARREN ME *SRETRICTEO AREA

(IBAJON GRID POINTS RORWGR EDGNGO

ADJACENT PP TRACKFOWREDEF

COVERAGE SOUNDS 

GA~ ARE

% %FES

% %

% oo

%RrSTOAE

GEOGRAPHIC~~~~ NOT YSO AKOERI

COMMAD COTROLGROU

SAFEA"I CORNTHO DSYMBOLL AREAIIOAE

&A~~O CORDRFENED REA

COMNMO RELAY GROUPDEF I Ojv

GENERAL POINT

TRACK SECTOR DOUNDAlty WEAPON CONTROL VOLUME

MS 182051

Figure 3-30. Static Data Symbology

3-104 105
ROLAZL

ITMI Din 9-1425-625-10

2.10. Rtaa Suroillanc- Continued

- b. Swwilbni - Continued

*(1) Determine roaning of DPI display

as follows:

J .

fI

IOM~t al e#- ~ Siv 

I I~~~~~~. egRos. - Cu*AGIS - %0 C*?E S DREP0'IS~vao SI O' %0ICPABThGN£Z UY

a. , 1.1 O&S GOO.. -. A SOSLAVO ANSIS sC

IIL%* .sD'.m '.Oq~. TAOS -TO*%T.0h11.G 0 "h CooS s - O CootSo

II I6 IFSC~ .3ST*O TANI T - Coot '.I fMT O%0

SfA %*fDIM& otI#00AIB6

so N2t$ feuM &CTCo

Change I 2-I5O.1f(-15O0t blank)

106

IL-
Cv IV ofCP :)P-V A

Lower than second Priority.

No dots inside.

Lower than second priority.

No dots inside.

3

Radar being jammed and

sector affected. Spans

GRadar pointer mark to

command track radar

search of sector.

29

Target being trackced.

30

Blinking 107
Unengageable fixed wing aircraft deleted.

31

Lower than second priority missile. No dots inside.

Engageable.

9

Gunsight line-of-sight with

* respect to north. Outside

10Kmn range ring.

24

Friendly aircraft

108

14
Confidence block.

Indicates a fair chance

of achieving an early

hit.

26

Confidence block.

* Indicates a good chance

of achieving an early hit

27

Confidence block.

Indicates an excellent

ai chance of achieving

an early hit.

28_

.... .

Ground vehicle. Fixed

orientation. One size for

engageable or unengageable.

Only range priority

indicated.

109 .19
* -.- 

.. 

 

 2 -- V 

Comnmander's periscope

line-of-sight with respect to

north. Outside '10Km range

ring.

25

Second priority Missile.

Engageable.

lot%,Hostility unknown.

Symbol surrounds

helicopter.

13

Second priority Helicopter

target. Engageable.

110
North on display. Positioned at top of 81(m range circle.

*Top priority Missile. p

Engageable.

Second priority D'Unengageableel Fixed-wing target, or object of

unknown classification. Dot

pattern same as engageable

target, only smaller.

10

Top priority Fixed-wing Aircraft. Target, or object of unknown classification.

Engageable.
On left; Top priority helicopter

target, engageable.

On right;

Helicopter, NOT engageable.

16

Pointer to manually select

engageable and unengageable

targets.

20

/

Hull heading with respect

to north.

22

* Hostility unknown,

Symbol surrounds fixed-

*wind aircraft.

112 12
Engageable helicopter

target deleted.

On left;

Top priority fixed-wing

aircraft target,, engageable.

On right;

Fixed-wing aircraft, NOT

engageable.

15

Top priority Helicopter

target. Engageable.

4

___________Top priority 'Unengageable" Helicopter target. Dot

pattern same as engageable

target, only smaller.

1131

1 13 %A
Second priority Fixed-wing

Aircraft. Target, or object

of unknown classification.

Engageable.

2

Unengageable helicopter

target deleted.

32

Engageabie fixed-wing

target deleted.

17

Short-range line-of-sight

indicator at 2Km range ring.

S 114 

2
Part 3. Radar Symbols.

Many perceptual studies have used radar-like symbols to derive standard

symbols for use by radar operators. The following sets have been part of

experimental programs to attempt radar symbol standardization. These sets are

from the following source:

Hoxigfeld, A. Radar Symbology: A Literature Review. Technical

Memorandum 14-64, Human Engineering Laboratories, 1964.

The symbols portrayed represent a wide range of experimental work. A complete

reference list and discussing of the implications of the work performed is

contained in the above review.

115
FORMS

* U A 4'

21 A1 + *

4. +

Fig. 10. FORMS USED BY CASPERSON (1950)

116
Airplane ±Heart Shield

Circle Heptagon Ship,

Crescent (Hexagon Square

Cross +Octagon Star*

Diamond Pentagon *Swastika

Double JRectangleTrpzi ConcaveTrpoi

Ellipse Semicircle itTriangle A

Fig. 11. FORMS USED BY SLEIGHT (1952)

117
9f "16C m'w NWM4 saw 9" P 5""

I Fig. 12. FORMS USED FOR CHARACTRON TUBE

118
6 7

Q 10 11 .12

____ 15__ 16

17 18 19 , 20

Fig. 14. SYMBOLS USED BY BOWEN et al. (1959)

119

- "~ ~.*"',,..,+. .. ,.,,-,..-.r, --- ,, .,,-. '-- •t
Symbol: / /

Inclination• 0P I00 270 450 630 800 900 I000 1170 1350 1530 170

Symbo \

Inclination '180P 190°20'7 225 ° 243 260 ° 2700 2800 z97° 3150 3330 350'

24-Symbol Alphabet

Symbol, J / - -

Inclination a 00 120 30P 600 780 90 ° 10r 1200 150 ° 168

symbol '0

Inclination 1800 1920 2100 2400 258o 2700 28o 300 330° 3480

20-Symbol Alphabet

Symbol' I I / ....

Inclinationt 00 150 45 75* 90 W05° 1350 1650

Symbola

Inclination' 180 195P 225° 255P 2700 2850 3150 345c

16-Symbol Alphabet

Symbol'

Inclination' 00 20 70 9 l100 1600

Symbol 1 / - - %m.

Inclination' 10 200P 2500 2700 2900 3400

12-Symbol Alphabet

Fig. 16. INCLJNAT1ON CODES

120

.,. - .,..% .',.','..*.,..,.S._,-._,-. .-, .,,,......, ,_.._,.. ,.._, _
8-Symbol Alphabet

Symbol: - ()Q

Axis Ratio# 0.00 0L05 0.11 0.O21 0.37 0.58 0.82 1.00

7-Symbol Alphabet

Symbol: 0

Axis Ratio; Q0.0 0.05 0.13 0.24 0.45 0.76 1.00

6-Symbol Alphabet

Symbol:~ -> Q

Axis Ratio: 0.00 0.05 0.16 0.37 0.70 1.00

5-Symbol Alphabet

Symbo:: - :

Is Ratio: 0.00 0.05 0.21 0.58 1.00

Fig. 22. ELLIPSE CODES

121
BASIC SYMBLS

GEN4ER.AL FRIENDLY UNKNOWN HOSTILE

Air Kn

Surface 0 [1311

Sub-Surface

Fig. 25. BASIC SYMBOL DESIGNS

122
* Fig. 26. FORMS USED BY NEWMAN AND DAVIS (1961)

123
AFPEIDIX C

Rank Orders of Geometric Symbols Studied

Highest ranking H ighest ranking Synbols used

symbols used in symbols used in deserving more

four or more fewer than four intensive study

studies studies

1 24

IN I.

LII

t 124

'l|Hip i ' ll E .Ill 
rocket

O-bar

flag

ball

Iradar

ost

lane2

125
Part 4. TACFIRE DPM Symbols.

The following symbols and symbol primitives are from the digital plotter

map of the tactical fire direction system (TACFIRF). This is a printer overlay

to a large map board where characters and symbols may be transferred to the

hard copy map posted on the board.

126
TM 11-7440.242-23-1

A-, C (SYMBOL LIBRARY)

BOX WITH ---- B (CHARACTER LIBRARY)

DPM DISPLAY

HQ SYMBOL UNIT SYMBOL

A

A BC D E F H I J K L M k0 P 0 RB 7

U VW xvZ X 

$%+

B

O (0) C o00Q

C C

Figure 14-2. DPM Test Pattern Display

14.4

127
Part 5. Wargaming Symbols.

The following symbols are examples of the kinds of information portrayed

in a battlefield wargame exercise. The important thing to noteis the need to

summarize information and condense it into a small square area.

EXAMPLES OF PLAYING PIECES (from various SPI games)

Land Units Naval Units Air Units

GwMneSas DdenoStrelli

3 thru Sheox raspe 24~t

6 thro 7heboxage 13 A~ mdm" ek,

H 6 thm 10 box: ran 4 120 Rolm 1

7,;*AbfVW6N"i law- sabUit D Attach Strengt 61 20 RisegrAtlo-- Aiw Coboe# is Netioeuiy

Sn... Sregth Dcune '31hA Mv~mnt Strength F4 Airref Tpe

41achStrenghh 16m12 1 Rang GE 41j Allowance Greud -

0,imsetm. [ebrsm17]16 Mo..,,n. someS~ ame ID" W COm U Rannge AIIowence

Fleet Nationaisty and ID number Nationaitly Ond ID Dumbe"

Cla- -IB 3-dentity od Anti-Air Strength 9 s4 movemesit Anti-Air Strength BSo 7 Rang Allowance~

Fre Stength 1 <'f> Ramp AniSrface 1 6 1Defeat.Stregth Anti-Surface 42 3DfneSrnt

FieSregh 

2 3 -lwac -RIL strength 962Strength12 3DfneSo

%ieeeJ.F S Anti-Submarine jSCG4 IEcm value Anti-Submarine 0+ ECM Value b-69 F 5 iWW- t Strength A~. Strength

~. AllwanceShpTp and Silhouet Type a&d Silhouette an Carrier-based Ind ionac

Anti-Aircraft Strength (at indica erne")-. Oto2 3104 5106

i fiso u0 W Attck N9_.. -seonaMk Nat ESC Rag

7 Shipgt iaatSen TY.0~D M.bF 

Ambe"04r lwnName -ueahuY lpec

Nationality: FRANCE Nationality: USRNationality: USA

PSmo:Ty"e Abbe: Surf-S Type Abbrew: LRB ~eT~peyinbolTyp Symbol: Iqm4hmIType Symbo :~ '

(unks, Strength. 4/214 Fleet Quantity A2c 2/4'- Fiet Quantity

Attack Strength: Defens Strength Aackg Dcfenw ent

The above samples ame arranged In three columns (by general typel and In ascending order of scale reading down

* the columns Iie., from tactical leve games through strategic). Land column: atro, MechWar 77, Prestags,

Asnzergruppe Gudwran, Glbal War. Naval column: Frigsa Dedhought, Sixth Fleet, Fast Carriers, Global

War.~ Air Column: Foxhat & Phantomj, OAF War, Sixth Flet, Invasion 4nmeric, Global War. Note that in general,

the low level and high level counters are relatively simple, wherees the middle level tactical counters are more

enomple. Note that the naval units awe something of an exception to this, since on all leves except the highest.

they represent Indivdual 04S.

128
Part 6. Experimental Symbologies.

Each of the following symbol sets has been selected from studies of

symbols using a military scenario, or from new systems ideas. The references

for each are as follows:

1. Smith, S. L. and Thomas, D. W. Display Color Coding Compared with Three

Shape Codes for a Class Counting Task. MITRE Technical Series Report

No. 12, 1963.

2. Howell, W. C., and Fuchs, A. H. Population Sterotyping in Code Design.

Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 1968, (3), 310-339.

3. Earl, W. K. Learning and Recognition of U.S., Soviet, and Pictographic

Military Symbology. US ARI Technical Report, Dec 1981.

4. Moses, F. M. More Efficient Symbols for Present and Future Needs. Paper

presented at the Symposium on Computer Graphics in Support of Tactical

Command and Control, HQ, TCATA, Ft. Hood, 1977.

5. MICROFIX Symbols for the Microprocessors for the Tactical Intelligence

Community. Prepared by U.S. Army FORSCOM and the George Institute of

Technology, 1982.

129

gW. . 51 
SMITbi -- rWOM4

MILITARY GEOMETRIC AIRCRAFT

SYMBOLS FORMS SHAPES

RADAR TRIANGLE C-54

GUN DIAMOND C-47

AIRCRAFT SEMICIRCLE F-IO0

MISSILE CIRCLE F- 102

Fig. I Shape codes used in display slides. For 1 0 4

consistency, military designations are used to SHIP STAR S-52

denote the aircraft shapes. As actually projected,

the diameter of the circle was 1/2" on the screen,

with the other symbols in proportion as shown.

130
832 NOWELL AND FUCHS

SUPERIOR (! 0 6000 PO00 6"S PL*U STEEL ftU.L 

A BCAM0t Vaoa kst

CaPaOMI.,1 CAPaer.ilvy

all ND]m~

CALKC 11"K?~ &a Fact mavy am., 5.1 WE0* 1 C g~v m~ Aftti~av

= = ke. A SLPGA bOUI SiU *l9Or ma"

e r -> 0 W c L o

am ca~ fta*A 1 0 Ot Wi ST SSIh STE Stg *An

Ro. 3. The intelligence terms and symbols used in Experiment V.

control condition was included. 'Mis condition consisted of 14 nonsense

symbols (nonsense code) to whic6i the unique concepts of both codes were

assigned. Ten subjects learned the 24-item military code and 14-item non.

sense code vith military concept responses. Ten more subjects learned the

intelligence code and the 14-item nonsense code with intelligence concepi

( C60MT rVURV V AWFTRI a*C¢AhV S1*1G[ DEPO

M[OWWSS % U;17S

ACM WCOK" EARLY dMIT-ICMr &aV/i tfI

INICL GIl 3 1 . LM ADAN

Fia. 4. The military terms and symbols used in Experiment V. I~iRCIO MWICPA&. AS (cLO SIOSM MWSIL 010006" 100up a0~

S1 a. = I -=- a

Usm g.Th imli (Memwabol) sad m*p0i0I (Ilitsr " a tlUg e

HOI) end anl a I u (Nitl fa ExpeimenIt V.

131

* 00'.Wa ,a
qn- -.

n24uo-xLL AND CHS

each sign in turn with one of the intelligence concepts. Signs were chos

to represent the extremes of stereotype values obtained in the earlier

studies; for each concept the sign ranked highest in applicability (high

stereotypy) and that ranked lowest (low stereotypy)' were used.

'1.,' - _-_. i -, - ,,~

'isOn 1 0 05 -- a & .42 0_ - 7

=,. 0Ct or, am om W Z 3 )

" ,,11107 0 A1- 4G -a 

I bb',II .ei i&, ** !

"i.%" "Y o o am -O s .. i (" L ' - 47 G + -II u 1 0b 9 "ii.MM 0g

*=-~ , 10 52 U&-M I

swa IS 1_ 3 soW8

-. ,..--- .. g+ €.o -- a- *.W- 6

seals £~- 23 8

Mr& a'.1 0 go Ono

- . 28. • 62 , vew mmia . 92

OIL.Im~ ~& 30 - 65 : 9 *

11 32 Nt £7 95

- b 83 33 lwfaf . 69 so Mi o .9

-. mm

~337

4 - ' ~ -~ .. m "'Ad in~ an ica

132
CONCEPT SYMBOL CODE

Nam AbreiatonSoviet Pic tographic

Nam...........Abbevaton US Code Code Code

Artillery.Thiit ..... (Arty) ATR

Artillery Gun (FA-Gun) + ~

Self Propelled Gun (SP-Gun) +I

Anti-Tank Gun (AT-Gun)ijt

AA

Anti-Aircraft Gun (AA-Gun) j

Anti-Aircraft Missile (AA-MSL) IA

Artillery Missile (FA-MSL)

* Mortar (Obne)

Machine Gun (MG)+

Armored Personnel (APC)

Carrier C

* Mechanized Inf. Unit (Mach Inf)MI

Helicopter (Heli) IV i.1

Airmobile Inf. Unit (Airmo Inf)AM

Airborne Inf. Unit (Airbru mI) e A I

*Motorized Inf. Unit (Motor Inf) MTI

Infantry Unit (Inf) 1

Tank (None) -

Armor Unit (Armor) L iA

FIGURE5 1. The three 19-item symbol codes used in the experiment.

133
AU

Z, 0

cDcg LLSS

Nb c

oG

UU

0e%6df

domm -

* us

'see uju@a 

e. @a 1

IV

t4 &

&U z 134 ft c

doe - o9. * 9 9 9 , ** *
Color association b imaJor category:

lue - Motorized fT1i

Violet - Tank

Red - Artillery and Air Defense

White - Chemical

To give you a feel for what the Green - Engineer

initial MICROFIX symbols will look like,

the following description is provided. Multiple color association by type unit in

Symbology: 

diamond figiue: ------ Atley soi a r. . Artllery.

Red with Green base ---- Surface to

Shape represents the following: surface missile.

Red base with Violet --- Free Rockets

over Ground (FROG).

Solid Green ----------- Engineer.

Green base with White -- River Crossing.

Solid White ----------- Chemical.

Solid Violet ---------- Anti Tank.

Violet base with White - Reconnaissance.

Control Combat Support Detailed -- R FROMT list ----- of Players and Symbols: Large Blue Box.

Headquarters or or Combat Service AR CA ------- Large Box. Blue base

Combat Units Support Units wth Whte.

AR TK -------- Large Box, Violet base

with White.

Hierarchy is represented by size: DV AN ------- Medium Box, Blue base

with White.

DV MR -------- Medium Box, Blue.

DV K -------- edium Box, Violet.

RG ARTY-A ---- Large Diamond, Red.

N SSM ------- Large Diamond, Red base

with Green.

Amy, Front Division Battalion BD SAM-A ----- Large Diamond, Red base

with White.

BD ENGR ------ Large Diamond, Green.

RG PONBR ----- Large Diamond, Green

base with White.

BN CHEM-A ---- Large Diamond. White.

RG MR -------- M edium Box, Blue base

with White.

RG TK ------- Medium Box, Red.

RG ARTY-T ---- Medium Box, Red.

RG ARTY-T ---- Medium Box, Red.

Regimnt, Battalion opany RG AAA ------ Medium Diamond. Red

Brigade base with White.

BN MRL ------- Medium Diamond, Red

base with Green.

BN FROG ---.-- Medium Diamond, Red

base with Violet.

BN AT-M ------ Medium Diamond, Violet.

BN RECN-T ---- Medium Diamond, Violet

base with White.

BN RECN-M ---- Medium Diamond, Violet

base with White.

BN ENGR ------ Medium Diamond, Green.

BN CHEM ------ M edium Diamond, White.

BN R -------- Small Box. Blue.

SN TK -------- Small Box, Violet.

CO AM ------- Small Diamond, Red base

with White.

CO ARTY ------ Small Diamond, Red.

135 CO ANTK ------ *Small Diamond, Violet.