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UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

ADDITIONS TO THE WILCOX FLORA 

FROM KENTUCKY AND TEXAS

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 193-E

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 

Harold L. Ickes, Secretary

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

W. C. Mendenhall, Director

Professional Paper 193-E

ADDITIONS TO THE WILCOX FLORA 

FROM KENTUCKY AND TEXAS

BY

EDWARD W. BERRY

Shorter contributions to general geology, 1938-40

(Pages 83-99)

UNITED STATES

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 

WASHINGTON : 1941

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D. C. - ... - - - - Price 15 cents
CONTENTS

Page

Abstract- _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 83

Introduction __________________________________________________________ ________________________________________ 83

Localities. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 83

Kentucky._________________________________________________________________________________________________ 83

Texas____________________________________________________________________________________________ 84

Systematic descriptions_________________________________________________________________________________________ 85

Index____________________________________________________________ ___________________________________ 91

ILLUSTRATIONS

Page 

PLATES 20-24. Additions to the Wilcox flora from Kentucky and Texas. ___________ __________________________________ 91

IT
ADDITIONS TO THE WILCOX FLORA FROM KENTUCKY AND TEXAS

By EDWARD W. BERRY

ABSTRACT

Five new species from localities in Texas and four from localities in Kentucky are described in this paper. A number of 

previously known species are also discussed or figured.

INTRODUCTION

Since the manuscript of Professional Paper 156 1 was 

submitted for publication the writer has received considerable additional material on the Wilcox flora from 

various sources. By far the largest amount was collected in western Kentucky by Prof. Joseph K. Roberts, 

of the University of Virginia, during the summer of 

1929. As the Wilcox flora is unique not only in the 

number and variety of its botanical types, but in the 

excellence of their preservation, it would seem desirable 

to bring the literature on it up to date insofar as the 

material in the hands of the writer is concerned, especially as all this material has now been transferred to 

the Geological Survey and is stored in the National 

Museum. The present paper attempts this and, after 

listing the species occurring at scattered localities from 

Kentucky to Texas, discusses and figures a limited 

number of new or noteworthy species.

LOCALITIES

KENTUCKY

Fossil plants were first discovered in Kentucky over 

50 years ago at Wicklift'e, in Ballard County, by R. H. 

Loughridge, and 12 species were identified by Lesquereux. I visited the region in 1913 and recorded 28 

species in 1916.* The collections made by Joseph K. 

Roberts represent the following plant species, associated with which are the shells of small Unioniclae and 

caddis worm cases (Folindusia):

Anona robertsi.

Apocynophyllum mississippieiise.

Banisteria pseudolaurifolia.

Banksia saffordi.

Bumelia wilcoxiana.

Capparis eocenica.

Carapa eoligiiitica.

Carpolithus fagaraformis.

Cassia glenni.

glenni major, 

puryearensis.

Cedrela odoratifolia.

1 Berry, E. W., Revision of the lower Eocene Wilcox flora of the Southeastern 

States, with descriptions of new species, chiefly from Tennessee and Kentucky: 

U. 8. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 156, 196 pp., 1930.

- Berry, E. W., The lower Eocene floras of southeastern North America: IT. S. 

Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 91, pp. 51, 52, 1916.

Celastrocarpus eocenicus. 

Dalbergia eocenica. 

Dryophyllum puryearense.

tennesseense. 

Drypetes prelateriflora. 

Ficus puryearensis. 

Leguminosites drepanocarpoides. 

Magnolia angustifolia.

leei.

Mespilodaphne eoligiiitica. 

Mimosites lanceolatus.

variabilis.

Mimusops eolignitica. 

Myrcia bentonensis.

wortheni. 

Nectandra pseudocoriacea.

wilcoxensis.

Palaeodendron americanum. 

Persea wilcoxiana. 

Poacites sp.

Reynosia praenuntia longepetiolata. 

Sabalites grayanus. 

Sapindus eoligniticus.

formosus.

knowltoni.

linearifolius.

mississippiensis. 

Sophora mucronata. 

Schefflera? elliptica.

The folio whig are figured without discussion: Dryophyllum puryearense (pi. 20, fig. 1), Magnolia leei 

Knowlton (pi. 20, fig. 2), Anona i^obertsi Berry (pi. 23, 

fig. 11), and Cassia puryearensis Berry (pi. 23, fig. 21).

The locality at Boaz, in Graves County, was also 

discovered by Loughridge, and his collections were 

studied by Lesquereux. In 1930 I recorded six species 

from this locality.3 Following are the forms recognized 

in the Roberts collection, which brings the total to 44 

species:

Anona ampla.

Apocynophyllum mississippiense.

Artocarpoides wilcoxensis.

Banksia saffordi.

Canavalia eocenica.

Carapa eolignitica.

Carpolithus burseraformis.

gronovi. 

Cassia fayettensis.

puryearensis. 

Coccolobis eoligiiitica. 

Cryptocarya wilcoxiana. 

Dillenites microdentatus.

3 Berry, E. W., Revision of the lower Eocene Wilcox flora of the southeastern 

States, with descriptions of new species, chiefly from Tennessee and Kentucky: 

U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 156, 196 pp., 1930.

83
84 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY, 1938-40

Diospyros wilcoxiana. 

Dryophyllum puryearense.

tennesseense.

Engelhardtia ettingshauseni. 

Euonymus splendens. 

Ficus myrtifolia.

pseudolmediafolia. 

Gleditsiophyllum eocenicum. 

Heisteria sapindifolia. 

Juglans schimperi. 

Laguncularia preracemosa. 

Magnolia angustifolia. 

Mespilodaphne coushatta. 

Metopium wilcoxianum. 

Mimosites variabilis. 

Mimusops eolignitica. 

Myrcia vera.

wortheni.

Myrica elaenoides? 

Nectandra lancifolia.

puryearensis. 

Oreodaphne mississippiensis.

obtusifolia. 

Poacites sp. 

Sapindus forniosus.

linearifolius. 

Schefflera formosa. 

Sideroxylon ellipticus. 

Sophora wilcoxiana.

Tlie third locality, which was discovered by Roberts, 

is Viola, in Graves County, just south of Boaz. The 

following 75 species are contained in the Roberts 

collection:

Anacardites puryearensis. 

Anona eolignitica. 

Antholithes amentiferus. 

Apocynophyllum mississippiense.

mississippiense ovatum.

wilcoxense.

Banisteria repandifolia. 

Banksia saffordi. 

Bombacites eocenicus.

cf. catha.

Canavalia acuminata. 

Capparis eocenica. 

Carapa eolignitica. 

Carpolithus puryearensis. 

Cassia emarginata.

fayettensis.

glenni.

puryearensis. 

Cedrela mississippiensis.

odoratifolia.

puryearensis. 

Celastrus minor.

taurinensis.

violensis.

robertsi.

Chrysobalanus inaequalis. 

Combretum wilcoxense. 

Dalbergia wilcoxiana. 

Diospyros wilcoxiana. 

Dodonaea wilcoxiana. 

Dryophyllum puryearense.

tennesseense. 

Drypetes prelateriflora. 

Engelhardtia ettings.hauseni.

Ficus fructus rostrata.

myrtifolia.

pandurifolia.

pseudopopulus.

puryearensis.

tennesseensis.

wilcoxensis. 

Heisteria sapindifolia. 

Heterocalyx saportana. 

Icacorea prepaniculata. 

Ilex eolignitica. 

Juglans occidentalis. 

Leguminosites andiraformis. 

Melastomites verus. 

Meniphylloides tennesseensis. 

Mespilodaphne coushatta.

eolignitica.

Metopium wilcoxianum. 

Mimusops sieberifolia. 

Myrica puryearensis. 

Nectandra parvula.

pseudocoriacea.

puryearensis. 

Nyssa wilcoxiana. 

Oreodaphne mississippiensis. 

Paliurus mississippiensis. 

Paraengelhardtia eocenica. 

Psychotria grandifolia?. 

Reynosia praenuntia longepetiolata. 

Rhamnites knowltoni. 

Rhamnus coushatta. 

Sabalites grayanus. 

Sapindus eoligniticus.

linearifolius.

mississippiensis. 

Sophora mucronata.

repandifolia.

wilcoxiana.

Ternstroemites lanceolatus. 

Vantanea wilcoxiana. 

Folindusia. 

A sand grain caddis case.

Figured without discussion are Ficus myrtifolia 

Berry (pi. 21, fig. 8), Sapindus linearifolius B^rry (pi. 

23, figs. 13-15), Melastomites verus (Berry) (pi. 23, fig. 

18), Celastrus taurinensis Ward (pi. 23, fig. 12), Combretum wilcoxense Berry (pi. 23, fig. 22), the caddis 

case (pi. 23, fig. 16), and a fish scale (pi. 23, fi§:. 17).

TEXAS

In the summer of 1929 I received from Albert J. Kirn, 

of Somerset, Tex., a considerable collection of Wilcox 

flora, which had been made about 1 mile northwest of 

Lytle, on the Laredo road. This locality is in Atascosa 

County, about 22 miles southwest of San Antonio, on 

the Gillam land. The collection contains 35 species:

Ampelocissites lytlensis. 

Anacardium kirni. 

Anemia eocenica. 

Anona ampla.

eolignitica.

Apocynophyllum wilcoxense. 

Artocarpoides kirni. 

Artocarpus pungens. 

Banistsria repandifolia.
WILCOX FLORA FROM KENTUCKY AND TEXAS 85

Celastrus taurineiisis. 

Cinnamomum postnewberryi. 

Cucurbites scrobiculatus. 

Dryophyllum tennesseense. 

Engelhardtia ettingshauseni. 

Euonymus splendens. 

Ficus mississippiensis.

occidentalis.

pseudopopulus.

schimperi.

vaughani.

Gleditsiophyllum eocenicuni. 

Glyptostrobus europaeus. 

Heisteria sapindifolia. 

Lauras? caudata. 

Lygodiuni kaulfussi. 

Magnolia angustifolia.

leei.

Nectandra sp. 

Nyssa eolignitica. 

Oreodaphne obtusifolia. 

Palmocarpon butlerene. 

Proteoides wilcoxensis. 

Sabalites grayanus. 

Terminalia eolignitica.

hilgardiana.

In a locality about 7 miles northeast of Lexington, 

Lee County, Tex., Glenn Stewart collected specimens 

of Wilcox flora from the Carrizo sand. The following 

plants have been determined from this collection:

Cinnamomum sp.

Diospyros cf. D. miriflorianum.

Dryophyllum tennesseense.

Juglans schimperi.

From a collection made by Julia Gardner on the old 

Parmenter place, northeast of Mount Pleasant, Titus 

County, Tex., the following plants have been determined :

Leguminosites arachioides minor. 

Liquidambar wilcoxianum. 

Palmocarpon butlerense.

SYSTEMATIC DESCRIPTIONS

MORACEAE 

Artocarpoides kirni Berry, n. sp.

Plate 24, figures 1-5

Leaves relatively large, but showing considerable 

variability in size. Elongate elliptical in outline, margins entire, sometimes markedly undulatory. Texture 

coriaceous. Length ranging from 15 to 20 centimeters. 

Maximum width ranging from 7.75 to 10 centimeters. 

Petiole missing. Midvein stout, prominent. Secondaries stout, prominent, irregularly spaced, camptodrome. Tertiaries thin, percurrent, oblique to the 

secondaries and nearly at right angles with the midvein. 

Areolation indistinct.

This form is characteristic as based on a considerable 

number of incomplete specimens that collectively show 

all the features of this interesting species. The species 

is rather close to the previously described Artocarpoides

balli* from which it differs in lacking the ovate form 

and pointed tip, in the less prominent areolatior and 

thinner tertiaries, and in the attitude of the tertiaries, 

which are transverse instead of oblique and at right 

angles to the midvein instead of to the secondaries. 

The secondaries in the new form are also less regular 

in both spacing and arrangement and more ascending.

The venation is that characteristic of AtLocarjioides 

and is exceedingly like that of various Eecent entire 

species of Artocarpus, as, for example, Artocarpus rigida 

Linne or Artocarpus integrifolia Linne. It is also much 

like the American tropical Tertiary and Eecent genus 

Coussapoa to which it may really be related, although 

Coussapoa has never been certainly recognized outside 

of equatorial America.

This is the third species of Artocarpoides to be recognized in the Wilcox.

Occurrence: Near Lytle, Atascosa County, Tex.; 

collected by A. J. Kirn. Dezierzanowski farm, 2 miles 

northeast of Carpenter, Bexar County, Tex.; collected 

by Lewis W. MacNaughton.

Artocarpus sp.

Plate 20, figures 3 and 4

Ball 5 ill 1930 and again in 1931 expressed the cpinioii that all the nominal species of Artocarpus in our 

late Cretaceous and early Eocene, as well as some 

extreme variants which he discovered in Texas, are 

varieties of a single botanical species, which he calls 

Artocarpus lessigniana (Lesquereux) Kiiowlton. I am 

quite prepared to admit that this contention ma^ be 

partly if not wholly true, but I do not think that Ball 

has proved this, and I doubt very much if it is possible 

of proof with the material that is now at the disposal 

of paleobotanists or is ever likely to be available. 

Meanwhile there are other, and as it seems to me, 

most important considerations to be kept in mind.

The whole trend of work in paleobotany (at least 

the work that I regard as good) has been in the direction 

of fine discriminations and away from the lumping of 

doubtful relatives under a single name unless the 

evidence was particularly strong and no violence was 

done to the reasonableness of both the geographic and 

geologic range. I thoroughly believe in the propriety 

of calling attention to the possibility or probability of 

botanical identity in forms that have been given differt names, and that is why Ball has been able to quote 

opinions of mine in support of his conclusions. I do 

not, however, believe in going so far as formally to 

change the names and to quote the synonymy as if the 

matter were conclusively established, as it is in the 

minds of systematists who use the work. If all of the

< Berry, E. W., Additions to the flora of the Wilcox group: IT. S. Geol. Survey,

rof. Paper 131, p. 8, pi. 4, figs. 8-10; pi. 5, 1922.

« Ball, O. M., Bot. Gazette, vol. 90, pp. 312-325, figs. 1-16, 1930; Texas Agr. and 

Mech. Coll. Bull., 4th ser., vol. 2, no. 5, p. 52, pi. 37, figs. 1-3, pi. 38, figs. 1-8, pi. 39, 

gs. 1, 2,1931.
86 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY, 1938-40

forms included by Ball in Artocarpus lessigniana are 

correctly identified, then we have a single species with 

the remarkable range from the Laramie and Vermejo 

to the Wilcox, or in terms of European chronology, 

from the Danian to the Ypresian stages—a range that 

extends through millions of years and includes quite 

different ecologic groups. It is exactly the sort of thing 

exemplified in Ettingshausen's studies of the Tertiary 

flora of New Zealand and Australia 50 years ago and 

responsible for the widespread opinion among geologists 

that fossil plants lack any precise stratigraphic value. 

This opinion has been formed, as I have pointed out in 

many connections, through no fault of the fossil plants.

Some of Ball's material from Bastrop County, Tex., 

passed through my hands, and I am figuring two of the 

more interesting specimens, from photographs made at 

the time in the Geological Survey laboratory, because 

they show more detail than those figured in the publications cited above.

Occurrence: Bastrop County, Tex.

ANONACEAE 

Anona ampla Berry

Plate 24, figure 6

Anona ampla Berry, U. S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Paper 91, p. 217, 

pi. 39, fig. 1; pi. 40, fig. 1; pi. 41, fig. 3, 1916.

This species has been recorded from seven localities 

between west Tennessee and southwestern Texas. The 

size of the species has ranged from 17 to 22 centimeters 

in length and from about 8 to 8.5 centimeters in width. 

A basal half of an enormous leaf from a locality near 

Lytle, Atascosa County, Tex., is about 50 percent 

larger than any specimens hitherto encountered and 

suggests a total length of about 30 centimeters and a 

measured width of 12.5 centimeters.

Occurrence: Near Lytle, Atascosa County, Tex.

LEGUMINOSAE 

Leguminosites violensis Berry, n. sp.

Plate 21, figure 9

This species is represented by a narrow, linear, rather 

flat pod with circular compressed seeds about a centimeter in diameter. Both ends are gone in the single 

specimen, which has a length of 9 centimeters without 

any signs of tapering. The width is about 1.5 centimeters.

More than 80 species of Legimiinosae are recorded 

from the Wilcox, and the majority of these are based 

upon foliage. The pod here described very probably 

represents one of these species. Rather numerous 

genera among the three principal families of this alliance 

could be mentioned whose living representatives have 

pods like this fossil pod, for example, some Cassia, 

Leucaena, and Mimosa. In particular I have seen 

existing South American Cassia pods that are practically

identical with this fossil, but such comparisons are regarded as relatively profitless and probably misleading. 

Occurrence: Viola, Graves County, Kentucky?-.

MALPIGHIACEAE 

Banisteria repandifolia Berry

Plate 21, figures 1-5

Banistefia repandifolia Berry, U. S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Paper 

91, p. 256, pi. 56, figs. 3, 4, 1916.

It is always desirable in studying fossil leaves, and 

indeed all types of fossils, to have a large amount of 

material in order that the student may get some idea of 

the extent of variation within the species. There is an 

unusually large series of leaves of this specie? in the 

collection from Viola, Ky., which, in addition to showing 

a considerable range in the size of the leaves, indicates a 

rather constant short stout petiole, a considerable 

narrowing from the normally rounded base, winch last 

is sometimes quite inequilateral, and great variability 

in the extent to which the tip is developed into a typical 

apiculate "dripping point."

Occurrence: Viola, Graves County, Ky.

ANACARDIAGEAE 

Anacardium kirni Berry

Plate 23, figures 8, 9

Anacardium kirni Berry, Wash. Acad. Sci. Jour., vol. 19, p. 38, 

figs. 1, 2, 1929.

Seeds unsymmetrically reniform in side vievr? somewhat compressed, broadly rounded distad, narrowed 

and pointed proximad, somewhat bean-shaped but less 

symmetrical than any legume known to me. Length, 

17 millimeters; maximum width, 12 millimeters; maximum thickness, 9 millimeters; decreasing proximad. 

Surface smooth. Sinus about 4 millimeters above the 

base. No trace of the seed coat.

As this species is based upon a single specimen, it 

cannot be described properly, nor can the possible limits 

of variation be determined.

The genus Anacardium contains 8 or 10 species of 

shrubs and trees in the existing flora. Outside of cultivation these are confined to the American wet tropics. 

The leaves are rather characteristic and the fruits are 

exceedingly so.

Saporta long ago proposed a form genus, Anacardites, 

for fossil leaves supposed to belong to the family 

Anacardiaceae, but which could not be referred with 

certainty to any of the existing genera of the family. 

About a score of species have been referred to Anacardites, but these, with the single exception to te noted 

presently, resemble those of genera such as Mangi/era, 

Anaphremium, and Spondias, and are not like the 

leaves of Anacardium itself.

The exception mentioned is Anacardites balli Berry 6

6 Berry, E. W., The middle and upper Eocene floras of southeastern North America: U. S. Geol. Surv, Prof, Paper 92, p. 177, pi. 62, fig. 7,1924.
WILCOX FLOEA FEOM KENTUCKY AND TEXAS 87

from the Jackson Eocene (Fayette sandstone) in 

Brazos and Grimes Counties, Tex. Although it cannot 

be demonstrated conclusively, I believe that this form 

is closely related to Anacardmm, and this identification 

is rendered more probable by the discovery of the seed 

described above. These nuts, although they greatly 

resemble the fruits of the leguminous genus Dalbergia, 

have been found in Colombia, 7 Ecuador, 8 and Peru,9 and 

the very abundant material from the Oligoceiie of Peru 

has made it possible to demonstrate the inner secretory 

layer and the outer seed coat, so that there is no doubt 

of their identity. It adds an interesting and tropical 

element to the Wilcox flora.

Occurrence: Near Lytle, Atascosa County, Tex.

SAPINDACEAE 

Carpolithus pseudimaformis Berry, n. sp.

Plate 23, figure 5

An excellent specimen of a fruit that appears to be 

related to the fruits of several existing genera of Sapindaceae is contained in the collection from Wickliffe, 

Ballard County, Ky. It is bicarpellary, papillate, somewhat compressed, iiidehiscent, about 1 centimeter high 

and 1.75 centimeters wide, and the central axis is terminated by a small persistent sytle. It shows a superficial resembalance to some members of the Rutaceae, 

for example, Fagara piperitum De Candolle, but is 

larger and lacks the two persistent styles of the mostly 

disjunct capsules of this family.

The general resemblances are to certain genera of the 

Sapindaeeae, such as the African genus Aporrhiza 

Radlkofer or more particularly the South American 

genus Pseudima Radlkofer. The resemblance to the 

latter has suggested the specific name. The genus is 

monotypic in the existing flora and is based on a shrub 

or tree of northern South America (the Guianas and 

northern Brazil).

Occurrence: Wickliffe, Ballard County, Ky.

CELASTRACEAE 

Celastrus violensis Berry, n. sp.

Plate 23, figure 19

Leaves small, ovate in outline with a stout petiole, a 

broad ultimately decurrent base, and acute tip. Margin with serrulatioiis widely spaced by interspersed 

shallow-curved sinuses. Length, about 2.5 centimeters; 

maximum width, about 1.7 centimeters. Midvein relatively stout. Secondaries, about 5 pairs, diverging from 

the midvein at angles of about 45°, irregularly spaced, 

camptodrome. This characteristic little leaf resembles 

a group of existing South African species such as Celastrus

i Berry, E. W., Am. Jour. Sci., 5th ser., vol. 8, p. 124, figs. 1-8, 1924.

* Berry, E. W., Jour. Paleontology, vol. 3, p. 301, fig. 3, 1929.

• Berry, E. W., Johns Hopkins Univ. Studies in Geology, No. 10, p. 159, pi. 2, figs. 

1-16,1929.

buxifolius, C. leptopus, (7. nemorosus, C. rupestris, C. 

acuminatus, and C. cassinoides and also Putterlwkia 

pyracantha from that same general region. This resemblance is interesting, but is not believed to be of any 

significance. The present contribution adds two species 

to this genus already represented in the Wilcox by six 

species.

Occurrence: Viola, Graves County, Ky.

Celastrus robertsi Berry, n. sp.

Plate 23, figure 20

Leaves of medium size, ovate in outline, with a 

broadly rounded base and acute tip. Length, about 7 

centimeters; maximum width, about 5 centimeters. 

Midvein stout, prominent. Secondaries stout, opposite 

or subopposite, 6 or 7 pairs, diverging from the midvein 

at angles of about 45°, rather straight, subparaJlel, 

camptodrome. Tertiaries percurrent between the 

secondaries, camptodrome from the outside of the br.sal 

secondaries extending into the fairly prominent serrate 

teeth of the margin as short curved branches as shewn 

in the accompanying illustration.

This species is similar in form, size, and other features to Celastrus ferrugineus Ward, 10 of the Fort Union 

formation of Montana, but differs in minor particulars, 

chiefly in its fewer secondaries.

Associated with this small and medium-sized Celastrus is a much larger species that has been recorded 

from several localities in the Wilcox and has been called 

Celastrus taurinensis Ward. A specimen from Viola, 

Ky., is figured on plate 23, figure 12, of the present 

contribution. Certain unevaluated differences between 

the Wilcox material and the Fort Union type are obvious, chiefly the finer marginal teeth of the former, 

and the student may well doubt the validity of the 

identification. Recently Sanborn ll has referred this 

species of Ward to Aralia.

Occurrence: Viola, Graves County, Ky

OLACACEAE 

Heisteria sapimlifolia (Hollick) Berry

Heisteria sapindifolia (Hollick) Berry, Torreya, vol. 38, p. 6,

1938. 

Apocynophyllum sapindifolium Hollick, in Harris and Veatcl . A

preliminary report on the geology of Louisiana, p. 288,

pi. 46, fig. 3, 1899. 

Berry, U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 91, p. 344, pi. 102,

fig. 1; pi. 108, fig. 5, 1916; Prof. Paper 156, p. 129, pi. 19,

figs. 13, 14; pi. 44, fig. 19, 1930. 

Calycites milanensis Berry, U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 156,

p. 142, pi. 49, figs. 6-8, 1930.

It has recently been shown that the concrescent cilices described as a species of Calycites in 1930 are those of 

the genus Heisteria of the family Olacaceae, and among

K* Ward, L. F., Types of the Laramie flora: F. S. Geol. Surv. Bull. 37, p. 78, pi. 34, 

figs. 1-4, 1887. 

11 Sanborn, E. I., Carnegie Inst. Pub. 465, p. 27,1935.
88 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY, 1938-40

the fossil leaves associated with these calices the only 

ones that show features of identity with the leaves of 

existing species of Heisteria are those long known and 

widely distributed in the Wilcox under the name of 

Apocynopliyllum sapindijolium. It is believed that the 

available evidence warrants uniting these leaves and 

calices, which are recorded from 28 different localities 

along both the eastern and western shores of the Wilcox 

embayment, under a single specific name.

The disconnected modern range of the 20 to 25 genera 

of the Olacaceae strongly suggests that the family has 

had an extended Tertiary history, although paleobotanists have usually ignored it, and but two species have 

been recorded, representing the genera Olax Linne and 

Erythropalum Blume. The identification of these was 

based on carpologic material, and both were described by 

Reid and Chandler from the London clay. 12 These 

species, like the American representatives, are of lower 

Eocene age and show that thus early in the Tertiary the 

family was present on two continents.

The genus Heisteria, to which the present Wilcox 

species is referred, contains over a score of existing 

species of trees almost wholly confined to tropical 

Central and South America but sparingly represented 

in tropical West Africa. The fossil calices are closest to 

those of various Central American species, such as 

H. acuminata and H. costaricensis, and the leaves resemble those of a large number of existing species in the 

genus that have minimum-sized leaves.

As conceived by the writer, who follows Hutchinson's 

recent arrangement, the Olacales should be placed 

between the Celastrales and Rhamnales and should 

be considered to be derived from the Celastrales, from 

which the Rhamnales, also, are believed to be derived.

VITACEAE 

Ampelocissites lytlensis Berry

Plate 23, figure 1-3

Ampelocissites lytlensis Berry, Wash. Acad. Sci. Jour., vol. 19, 

p. 39, fig. 1, 1929; Kirn and Parks, Texas Acad., Trans., 

vol. 19, p. 14, fig. 1, 1936.

Seed relatively small, ovate in profile, broadly rounded distad, bluntly and obliquely pointed proximad, 

with an inflated crustaceous coat. Somewhat flattened 

in the region of the furrows, which result from the conduplicate habit of the embryo. There is a fairly sharp 

keel between these furrows, and the furrows themselves 

diverge somewhat clistacl and extend for slightly more 

than half the length of the seed. On the side opposite 

the furrows there is a well-marked central elongated 

depression containing the hilum. This depression is 

continued upward to the apex as a shallow furrow and 

downward as a narrower raphe groove to the base at 

the chalazal pointed end. The surface of the seed is not

" Reid, E. M., and Chandler, M. E. J., The London clay flora, 56] pp., 33 pis., 17 

figs., British Mus. (Nat. History), 1933.

evenly rounded but is thrown into irregular obliquely 

transverse ridges, as in Ampelocissus and Tetrastigma. 

Length, 4 millimeters; maximum width, 3.5 millimeters; 

maximum thickness, 1.75 millimeters.

This seed differs from those of Vitis in the shorter 

and less prominent raphe, in the less prominent furrows, 

and in the transverse ornamentation, which is hinted 

at in the southern ancestor of Vitis rotundi/olia Michaux. 

The fossil lacks also the cordate apex and the stipitate 

base of Vitis. It resembles the seeds of Ampelocissus 

in all these features, and I therefore regard it as intermediate between Ampelocissus and Vitis and propose 

for it the generic term Ampelocissites.

The existing genus Ampelocissus of Planchon contains about 60 species found in the tropics of both 

hemispheres. It is largely Old World (Asia and Africa) 

in its habitat but is represented also in the Antilles and 

Central America. In the western tropics, however, 

it is largely replaced by numerous species of the prolific 

tropical genus Cissus. The fact that Ampelocissus 

occurs on three continents is in itself an indication 

of its antiquity, and a characteristic seed indistinguishable from those of the existing species has been 

described by the writer from the Eogene of northwestern Peru. 13

The genus Vitis, with about 40 existing sp°cies, is 

confined to the northern hemisphere, although it 

thrives in cultivation in antipodean regions in both the 

equatorial and temperate zones. The genu? Tetrastigma contains about 40 existing species native to 

tropical and subtropical Asia and Malaysia eastward 

as far as New Guinea. Several characteristic fossil 

species of seeds have been described from the London 

clay (Ypresian) 14 and from the upper Eocene of the 

Hampshire basin, 15 in England, and also from the 

brown coal of Germany. 16 Kirn and Parks have 

referred to this species certain leaves which ?,re associated with the seeds at the type locality. These 

leaves are very similar to those from the Grenada 

formation of western Tennessee which I have described 

as Cissites asymmetricus. 1 "*

Occurrence: Near Lytle, Atascosa County, Tex.

BOMBACACEAE 

Bombacites eocenicus Berry

Plate 22, figures 1-7

Bombacites eocenicus Berry, U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Faper 156, 

p. 106, pi. 36, fig. 8, 1930.

The genus Bombacites was proposed in 1916 with 

Bombacites formosus, from the lower Eocene, as the

w Berry, E. W., Johns Hopkins Univ. Studies in Geology, No. 10, p. 161, pi. 3, 

figs. 1, la, 1929.

» Reid, E. M., and Chandler, M. E. J., The London clay flora, p. 383, pi. 19, figs. 

6-9, British Mus. (Nat. History), 1933.

i' Reid, E. M., and Chandler, M. E. J., The upper Eocene flora of Handle, Hants: 

Palaeont. Soc. Pub., p. 32, pi. 5, fig. 3a-c, 1925.

" Kirchheimer, F., Braunkohle, 36. Jahrg., Heft 50, p. 118, fig. 18, 1937.

i? Berry, E. W., U. S, Oeol. Survey Prof. Paper 156, p. 103, pi. 35, fig?. 1-5, 1930.
WILCOX FLORA FROM KENTUCKY AND TEXAS 89

type. One other species was described from the lower 

Eocene (Wilcox), and some years later a third species 

was described 18 from the upper Eocene (Jackson). The 

last may be regarded, with some justice, as not conclusively identified. The present species was described 

from the Wilcox Eocene of Galloway County, Ky., and 

its identification was based upon a very limited amount 

of material. In the more recently collected material 

from Viola, Graves County, which is between 25 and 

30 miles northwest of the type locality, the leaflets of 

this species are very abundant (about 30 specimens) 

and in an excellent state of preservation, although 

invarably detached. This abundance of specimens and 

their well-preserved condition affords one an opportunity to get an idea of the range in variation of the 

species not usually vouchsafed to students of foliar 

remains. That all appertain to a single botanical 

species, despite the rather wide limits of variation, is 

demonstrated by their close association, their identity 

in facies, texture, and areolation. A few of the specimens are illustrated, but it is obviously impossible to 

figure all of them.

They range in size from lanceolate forms measuring 

5.5 by 1.7 centimeters or slightly ovate forms measuring 4 by 2 centimeters though broadly lanceolate, 

oblanceolate, or subelliptical forms, the largest being 

as much as 12 centimeters in length. The base is narrowly to widely cuneate, sometimes slightly acuminate. 

The apex varies from rounded to acute and is frequently 

acuminate. The petiolule is always very short and 

stout, and the midvein is invariably stout and prominent. The secondaries are numerous, the angle of 

divergence becoming less with the decrease in relative 

width of the leaflets. The areolation and texture are 

rather uniform throughout. The degree of prominence 

and the character of the marginal teeth vary considerably, ranging from straight serrate to dentate or 

even crenate. The teeth may be very minute and 

absent proximad, or present throughout the extent of 

the margins, or prominent.

The differences between the present species and the 

other two Wilcox species were pointed out in the original 

discussion and hold good for the variant matepXl subsequently collected.

Individual leaves may be picked out which show a 

superficial resemblance to Bombacites formosus, but 

careful comparison at once discloses the differences 

already pointed out. The species is a fine one, and the 

present series is a striking illustration of the hazards of 

describing a species from a single specimen, since any 

one of the variants—if the only one known, might be 

taken as the type of a distinct species.

Occurrence: Bell City Pottery pit and 100 yards 

east of it, Galloway County, Ky. (pi. 22, fig. 6); Viola, 

Graves County, Ky. (pi. 22, figs. 1-5, 7).

» Berry, E. W., IT. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 92, p. 180, pi. 31, fig. 14; pi. 35, 

figs. 1, 5, 1924.

264406—40——2

COMBRETACEAE 

Bucida eocenica Berry, n. sp.

Plate 21, figure 6

Leaves obovate, subsessile, frequently somewhat inequilateral, rounded at the apex or broadly angled, 

narrowly cuneate to slightly decurrent at the base. 

Margins entire. Texture coriaceous but not excessively 

thickened. Length, about 6 centimeters. Maximum 

width, at or above the middle, about 2.5 centimeters. 

Midveiii unusually stout and prominent, expanding at 

the base. Secondaries, about 6 pairs, stout, not very 

regularly spaced; they diverge from the midvein at an 

angle of about 35 degrees, ascending in more or less 

subparallel curves, eventually camptodrome. Tertiaries immersed in the leaf substance.

The present form is entirely unlike anything p^eviously known from the Wilcox, but it is as yet unfortunately represented only by a small amount of 

material. It agrees remarkably in size, outline, and 

other features with the leaves of the existing black olive, 

Bucida buceras Linne, a shrub or tree of shores and 

brackish marshes in equatorial America, where it ranges 

from southern Florida through the Antilles to Central 

America and northern South America. The genus is 

moiiotypic in the existing flora.

There are genera in other families which contain 

species that resemble the present fossil more or less 

closely, for example, Eugenia of the Myrtaceae, 

Bumelia of the Sapotaceae, and Oitharexylon of the 

Verbenaceae; but, although there may be some skepticism as to the fossil representing Bucida exactly, I 

believe that it represents, if not the modern genus, then 

a closely related extinct one and that it belongs in the 

family Combretaceae. The oriental red mangrove, 

Lumnitzera, often has very similar leaves, but in general 

its leaves are more coriaceous and differ in other details, 

and there is slight probability that it was ever rep^esented in the Mississippi embayment.

Occurrence: Wickliffe, Ballard County, Ky.

Combretum wilcoxense Berry

Plate 23, figure 22

Combretum wilcoxense Berry, U. S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Paper 91, 

p. 321, pi. 89, figs. 1, 2, 1916.

An incomplete but perfectly characteristic leaf of this 

species is illustrated here because it shows the extent to 

which, after falling in the water, it has been galleried by 

Cecidomyia larvae.

Occurrence: Viola, Graves County, Ky.

ARALIACEAE 

Schefflera? elliptica Berry

Plate 23, figure 10

Schefflera? elliptica Berry, U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 156, 

p. 124, pi. 41, fig. 10, 1930.

The single small leaf that is here figured undoubtedly 

belongs to the same species as the specimens from the
90 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY, 1938-40

Holly Springs sand of Henry County, Tenn., which 

were described under the above name and which were 

rather tentatively referred to the genus Schefflera. 

The present specimen is somewhat shorter and more 

rounded than the type, but the tip is not complete, 

which makes it appear more rounded than it really is. 

In size, texture, and venation and in character of the 

petiolule this leaf is clearly identical with the Tennessee 

type.

Occurrence: Wickliffe, Ballard County, Ky.

MYRSINACEAE 

Icacorea prepaniculata Berry

Plate 21, figure 7

Icacorea prepaniculata Berry, U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 91, 

p. 332, pi. 107, fig. 5, 1916; Am. Jour. Sci., vol. 21, pp. 

301-303, fig. 1, 1931.

This species is of wide geographic extent in the later 

Wilcox, but it is rather uncommon, having been found 

heretofore only at three localities in western Tennessee 

and one in Texas, in Smith County. The specimen 

figured shows unmistakable evidence of the ravages of 

leaf-cutting bees.

Occurrence: Viola, Graves County, Ky.

EBENACEAE 

Diospyros cf. D. miriflorianum Berry

Plate 23, figure 4

This identification is based upon the single specimen 

figured, which is compared to Diospyros miriflorianum 

Berry from the sandstone (of Jackson age) formerly

designated Fayette sandstone, in Webb Count}", Tex. 19 

The present specimen is probably distinct from this 

Texas form, but it is too incomplete for accurate distinction or characterization. It represents a rather 

large five-parted concrescent calyx with five narrow 

parallel-sided lobes surrounding the characteristic collared disk. The disk is about 6 millimeters in diameter, 

and the whole calyx from 3 to 3.5 centimeters. This 

fossil agrees with Diospyros miriflorianum in being 

five-lobed, but differs in the smaller disk and parallelmargined lobes. There is a striking resemblance to 

the five-lobed concrescent calyx of Heisteria guianensis 

Engler of the family Olacaceae, but after the most 

careful comparisons I have decided in favor of a relationship to Diospyros.

Occurrence: 7 miles northeast of Lexington, Lee

County, Tex.

CUCURBITACEAE

Cucurbites scrobiculatus Berry, n. sp.

Plate 23, figures 6, 7

Seeds relatively large, compressed lenticular, obovate 

in profile, asymmetrically rounded distad, truncated 

proximad, with a slight smooth border about 0.5 millimeters in diameter widening toward the hilum. Surface prominently ornamented by irregularly rounded 

pits about a millimeter in diameter. Length, 2.1 

centimeters; maximum width, 1.3 centimeters; maximum thickness, about 3.5 millimeters. Texture coriaceous.

Occurrence: Near Lytle, Atascosa County, Tex.

19 Berry, E. W., U. S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Paper 92, p. 195, pi. 40, fig. 5; pi. 43, fig. 5, 

1924.
PLATES 20-24

91
PLATE 20

FIGURE 1. Dryophyllum puryearense Berry. Wickliffe, Ky.

2. Magnolia leei Knowlton. Wickliffe, Ky. 

3, 4. Artocarpus sp. Bastrop County, Tex. 

92
GEOLOGICAL SUKVEY PEOFESSIONAL PAPER 193 PLATE 20

Kf

\

WILCOX FLORA.

264400—41———3
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

"~

rr

PROFESSIONAL PAPER 193 PLATE 21

WILCOX FLORA.
PLATE 21

FIGURES 1-5. Banisteria repandifolia Berry. Viola, Ky.

6. Bucida eocenica Berry, n. sp. Wickliffe, Ky.

7. Leaf of Icacorea prepaniculata Berry, cut by insects. Viola, Ky.

8. Ficus myrtifolia Berry. Viola, Ky.

9. Leguminosites violensis Berry, n. sp. Viola, Ky.

93
PLATE 22

FIGURES 1-7. Bombacites eocenicus Berry. 1-5, 7, Viola, Ky.; 6, Bell City pottery pit, Ky. (From Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 156, 

pi. 36, fig. 8, 1930.)

94
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 193 PLATE 22

WILCOX FLORA.
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 193 PLATE 23

11

17

22;

WTLCOX FLORA.

20 13
PLATE 23

FIGURES 1—3. Ampelocissites lytlensis Berry, dorsal, ventral, and side views, x 2. Near Lytle, Atascosa County,Tex.

4. Diospyros cf. D. miriflorianum Berry. 7 miles norteast of Lexington, Lee County, Tex.

5. Carpolithus pseudimaformis Berry, n. sp. Wickliffe, Ky.

6, 7. Cucurbites scrobiculatus Berry, n. sp. Slightly enlarged. Near Lytle, Atascosa County, Tex. 

8, 9. Anacardium kirni Berry. Near Lytle, Atascosa County, Tex.

10. Schefflera elliptica Berry. Wickliffe, Ky.

11. Anona robertsi Berry. Seed. Wickliffe, Ky.

12. Celastrus taurinensis Ward. Viola, Ky. 

13-15. Sapindus linearifolius Berry. Viola, Ky.

16. Caddis case. Viola, Ky.

17. Fish scale. Mandy, Tenn.

18. Melastomites verus (Berry) Berry. Viola, Ky.

19. Celastrus violensis Berry, n. sp. Viola, Ky.

20. Celastrus robertsi Berry, n. sp. Viola, Ky.

21. Cassia puryearensis Berry. Wickliffe, Ky.

22. Leaf of Combretum wilcoxense Berry, with Cecidomyia galleries. Viola, Ky.

95
PLATE 24

[All figures three-fourths natural size]

FIGURES 1-5. Artocarpoides kirni Berry, n. sp. Near Lytle, Atascosa County, Tex. 

6. Anona ampla Berry. Near Lytle, Atascosa County, Tex. 

96
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 193 PLATE 24

WILCOX FLORA.

INDEX

A Page 

Abstract-..-..-__________________________________________ ________________ 83

acuminata, Canavalia_____________________ _______________________ 84

Heisteria___________________________ _________________________________ 88

acuminatus, Celastrus__-_--____-________________________________ 87

amentiferus, Antholithes_.___________________________________________________ 84

americanum, Palaeodendron.________________________________________________ 83

Ampelocissites.___________________________________________ _________________ 88

lyt.ensis._________________________________________________________ 84,88, pi.23

Ampelocissus_______________________________________ __________________ 88

ampla, Anona___________________________________________________________ 86, pi. 24

Anacardiaeeae______________________________________________ _________________ 86-87

Anacardites.. _________________________________________________________ 86

balli___.__-_______________________________________________________________ 86-87

puryearensis__________________________________________________________ 84

Anacardium__________________________________________________________ 86,87

kirni—- — — ---------------_.----- — ---..._---.-._.----- 84, 86-87, pi. 23

Anaphremium..______________________________________________________________ 86

andiraformis, Leguminosites__________________________________________________ 84

Anemia eoeenica_—-____-__________________________________________________ 84

angustifolia, Magnolia.____________________________________________________ 83,84,85

Anonaampla______________________ ___________________________ 83,84, 86, pi.24

eolignitica. _----__.___________________________________________ 84

robertsi________________________________________________________ 83, pi.23

Anonaceae___________________________________________________________ 86

Antholithes amentiferas..____________________________________________--_--_ 84

Apocynophyllum mississippiense__________________________________________ 83,84

mississippiense ovatum_.______________________________________________ 84

sapindifolium. ______________________________________________________ 87,88

_ __________________________ 84

___________________________________________ 87

______________________________________ 85

.-_ — . — — — —..... — — . — . — . — -. 87

____________________________________________ 89-90

___________________________________________ 85

___________________________________________ 85

_______________________________________ 84, 85, pi.24

wilcoxensis- ___________________________________________ 83

Artocarpus. _____-_____-____--- ______________________________________

integrifolia________________________________________________________

lessigniana_____________________________________________________________

pungens--------------- ----------------------------------------------

rigida___________________________________________________________

sp________---___________________________________________ 85-86

asymmetricus, Cissites.------------------------------------------------------

B 

balli, Anacardites__-__--__--_____---______--_____-______---_______________

Artoearpoides.-_._--_-_---__-_____.________________________________

Banisteriapseudolaurifolia__ _---_-__--__-_-__---__----___-_-___-_-

repandifolia..___._____.-__-__--_-___-______________________ 84,86,

Banksia saffordi_ _______________---_____---_________-_-_____.______________

bentonensis, Myrcia._________________________________________________________

Boaz, Ky., list of species from______________________________________________

Bombacaceae_____ ________---___--__ ___________________________________

Bombaeites_____________________________________________________________

eocenicus_______________________________________________ 84,88-89,

formosus—------------------------------- ___-._-___--_______

cf. B. catha_ _________ ___________________ ___________________________

buceras, Bucida__ _______________________________________________

Bucidabueeras-------________________________________________________.

eocenica__________________________________________________________ 89,

Bumelia__ _____________________________________________________________

wilcoxiana______ ____________________________________________________

burseraformis, Carpolithus____-_--_______--________-_____---_______-_______

butlerense, Palmocarpon__._______________________--_________-_

buxifolius, Celastrus,. __--_______-_-_________ — -_----_____________

arachioides, Leguminosites. 

Aralia__-_ — ___- — _______

Araliaceae.,. — ___________

Artocarpoides ______________

balli

Calyeites-__________

milanensis______

Canavalia acuminata_

85 

pi. 20

85 

83

pi. 21

83,81

83

83-84 

88-89 

88-89 

pi. 22 

88-89

89 

pi. 2]

83

Cappariseocenica_________ ___________________________________________________ 83,84

Carapaeolignitiea_______________ __________________________________________ 83,84

Carpolithusburseraformis_____________________ ___ _______________________ 83

fagaraformis____________________________________ _________________________ 83

gronovi.______________________________________________________________ 83

pseudimaformis.-_.__-______________________________________________ 87, pi. 23

puryearensis__________________________________________________________ 84

Carrizo sand, flora from. ___________________________________________________ 85

Cassia emarginata. ___________________________________________________________ 84

fayettensis______________________________________________________________ 83,84

glennL____________________________________________________________ 83,84

glenni major ______________________ _____________________________________ 83

puryearensis____________________________________________________ 83,84, pi. 23

cassinoides, Celastrus.______________________________________________________ 87

caudata. Lauras._____________________________________________________________ 85

Cecidomyia. _____________________________________________________________ 89

Cedrelamississippiensis__-_-_-_-____.____-__________________________________ 84

odoratifolia_________________________________________________________ 83,84

puryearensis.-. ___________________________________________________ 84

Celastraceae _______________________________________________________________ 87

Celastrocarpuseocenicus___.__ ______________________________________________ 83

Celastrus_____________________________________________________________________ 87

aeuminatus__. __________________________-_____-____-__--__-_-_-______

buxifolius_____ ________________________________________________________

cassinoides_________________________________________________________

ferrugineus.--________________-_______-_._-_-_-________________________

leptopus______________________ ______________-_____-___-_-_-___-_-_____---

minor____________________________________ ______________________________

nemorosus_ ___-__-____-__-______________--_-__-__---__-

robertsi_____________________________________________________________ 84,87, pi.

rupestris_________ ___________________________________________________

taurinensis---__-----____------____-----__---------------------_ 84,85,87, pi.

violensis----------------------- ----------- - - - --- -~ 84,87, pi.

Chrysobalanus inaequalis___.__________________________-____.._____-______

Cinnamomum postnewberryi_______________________________________

sp_

Cissites asymmetricus____________________________________

Cissus____________________________ ________________________________ — ______

Citharexylon __________ ________________________________

Coccolobis eolignitica ______________________________ — — ________________

Combretaoeae.------------------------------------------------------------ —

Combretum wilcoxense___________________-______—________—________ 84,89, pi.

eostaricensis, Heisteria_______________________________ — ___________________

coushatta, Mespilodaphne___ ______________ _____-__---__-__----.---

Rhamnus,__________ _______-_-_-__--___----____---___-

Coussapoa___—__________ ——_________——_._—_——________——_ —

Cryptoearya wileoxiana ________________ — -._. — __________--___--___

Cucurbitaceae... — _ — _--____ — ____ —— - — __-_--------______-- — _-------

Cucurbites scrobiculatus________________-_.-______---------------- 85,90, pi.

D

eoeenica.--------------------------------------- — --____.____------------ 83

wilcoxiana__------------------------------------------------ ------------- 84

Dillenites mierodentatus__ ______ ____________ _____ ____ — ______________ 83

Diospyros. __________________________________________ 90

miriflorianum ____________-___--___---__----_-_---_-- 90

wDcoxiana—-------------------------------------------------------------- 84

ef. D.mirfflorianurn--..------------------------------------------- 85,90, pi. 23

Dodonaea wilcoxiana.----------------------------------- — _______---___----, 84

drepanocarpoides, Leguminosites.-_______--____-------------_- — ___-_-_ 83

Dryophyllum puryearense _____-_________-___----__----------------_ 83,84, pi. 20

tennesseense______________-____--_----__----_----------_ — __________ 83,84,85

Drypetes prelateriflora___-'.___________---__--_ — ___-__---_ — _______ — _— 83,84

E 

Ebenaceae___—___-__-__--__---__-_--__-------_--__--__--- 90

elaenoides, Myrica_________-___________-_-____------_----_------- — __--_--- 84

elliptica, Schefflera.--—-- — -------.-------- — - — --—- 89-90, pi. 23

ellipticus, Sideroxylon._---_-------------------------__ — _-- — -------------- 84

pmarginata, Cassia____-________---____-------------_--- — ------------------ 84

Engelhardtiaettingshauseni. —.—— ———. ———...-—- —— - — ---------- 84,85

97
98 INDEX

eocenica. Anemia.______ ____ _ _____________________________________________

Bucida._.__---_---_----_--__-__------______-_______________________ 89,

Canavalia_-_________________________________________

Capparis— —._________________________________________________

Dalbergia____ _ __________________________________ _________

Paraengelhardtia_______________________________________________________

eocenicum, Gleditsiophyllum_ _______________________________________________

eocenicus, Bombacites_______________________________________________ 88-89,

Celastrocarpus._______________________________________________________

eolignitica, Anona_____-___-__.-_-_____-__--______ _________________________

Carapa____________________________________________________

Coccolobis_— — — — — __ — ___-_ — __ — _— — — _-___ — — — — — — — ___ —

Ilex...—— —— _-___ —— _-———_ —— — _ — __- —— —— ——— _ — __ — _ Mespilodaphne__ _________________________________________________________

Mimusops____________________________________________________________

Nyssa—— — - — - — - — — — — --__ —— _ — -- — — _ — - — _- ——-_- — -_ — — _ —

Terminalia— — — — — — — — — — — —— ———_-_- —— — — --- — --_-_ — — _

eoligniticus, Sapindus____________________________________________________

Erythropalum ________________________________________________________________

ettingshauseni, Engelhardtia________________________________________ _

Eugenia._____________________________________ _____________________________

Euonymus splendens..___________________________________________________

europaeus, Glyptostrobus___________________________________ _ _____________

Page 

84

pi. 21 

83

83,84

83

84

84,85 

pi. 22

83

84

83,84

83

84

83,84

83,84

85

85

83,84

88

84,85

89

84,85

85

Fagara piperitum_____________________________ ___________________________ 87

fagaraformis, Carpolithus_____________________________________________________ 83

fayettensis, Cassia__________________________________________________________ 83,84

ferruginous, Celastrus—— — — —— — — — — — — —— — — — — — ——— — — ——— 87

Ficus fructusrostrata_______________________________________________________ 84

mississippiensis_________________-___--________--___-__ — 85

myrtifolia_-____________________________________________________________84, pi. 21

occidentalis_______________________________________________________________ 85

pandurifolia ____________________________________________________________ 84

pseudolmediafolia_____ _-_______-__--__-___-_--_____-_______-_______-_-_-__ 84

pseudopopulus_________________________________________________________ 84,85

puryearensis____________________________________________________________ 83,84

schimperi____________________________________________________ _ ______ 85

tennesseensis___________________-__-__--___-_________ — _____-__ 84

vaughani.____________ __________ — --_____-_-_--___-__-__-____.--__--__ 85

wilcoxensiS-----------------------_-_-_---_-----_-_ ——————————— 84

Folindusia.——— —— --_ — — —— - — — — — ———— —— —— —— _ —— — 83,84

formosa, Schefflera,________________________________ ____________________ 84

formosus, Bombacites___._-___-____-__-____---___________________________ 88,89

Sapindus__——_ — — -_____-______— — — —— — —_______________ 83,84

fructus, Ficus—— — — ———— — _. ——————-- — — ————— — — — — — 84

G 

Gardner, Julia, collection hy_____ — — — ——— — - — — __—— — ______—- — . — — — 85

Gleditsiophyllum eocenicum_-__-______--._—_—___-_-__ — __ — ____________ — 84,85

glenni, Cassia___.____________________________________________________________ 83,84

Glyptostrobus europaeus_— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —____._____- 85

grandifolia, Psychotria______________- — __-- — -—— — — — —_............ 84

grayanus, Sabali.es.___________________________________________ 83,84,85

gronovi, Carpolithus.__— — — — — ——— — —— ——___— _——-_ — .___-___ 83

guianensis, Heisteria_________________ _---____--_-_— — — — _ — — ____— — — 90

H

— — — - — — — —— —— -- —— — - —— — ——— - — —— 87-88

—— — — — — — — — — — — —— — — — — —___........... 88

costarieensis—— — — — — —— —————— —— — — — —— — — — ———— — —. 88

guianensis—— _. — — — — __ — — __ ——— — — — — — — — — ——— — — — — — — 90

sapindifolia—— — — —————— — ——— ——- — ———— —— — - 84,85,87-88

Heterocalyx saportana______________________---._..._......__......._......... 84

hilgardiana, Terminalia__________.____—________________________________ 85

I 

Icacorea prepaniculata__ __________________-___--_—___--___---_--_ 84,90, pi. 21

Ilex eolignitica________ __________________________________________________ _ _ 84

inaequalis, Chrysobalanus__— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 84

integrifolia, Artocarpus._________________________________________________ _ 85

J 

Juglans occidentalis______-_---______--___.-----________________________-___ 84

schimperi_.__._...__.__.._._._.....---------.-----.......----..-----_-. 84, 85

K 

kaulfussi, Lygodium_ ....________________________________________________ 85

Kentucky, localities in________________-----------_--_---------_-----------___ 83-84

Kirn, A. J., collection by._._._._____..-__________________________-_---___-_._ 84-85

kirni, Anacardium__—__________________________________________ 86-87 pi. 23

Artocarpoides_._________________-_-___-__-___-__-__--_-__--____-___ 85, pi. 24

knowltoni, Khamnites____......__..-__--_--_______-_-_--_______________... 84

Sapindus--,..-,-.„-.,.,.--------------------..---.-------------.-..---.. 83

Laguncularia preracemosa__--__-__--_----_--_-------_-____._____-__________

lanceolatus, Mimosites.__-_-____--_--_---_----_--____________________-____-

Terns troemites. __________________________________________________________

lancifolia, Nectandra.____________________________________________________

Laurus caudata____________________________________________________________

leei, Magnolia...__________________________________________________ 83, 85,

Leguminosae. ____________________________________________________________

Leguminosites andiraformis______________________________________________

arachioides minor. ____________________________________________________

drepanocarpoides_--------------_-_--_-----------.___-__--__---___--__-_-_

violensis__--_----__----_--------__-_-_---_--_---__-_______-__-______-. 86,

leptopus, Celastrus..-______________________________________________________

lessigniana, Artocarpus_______________________________________________________

Lexington, Tex., species from_____________________________________________

linearifolius, Sapindus____________________________________.____________ 83, 84,

Liquidambar wilcoxianum___________________________________________________

longepetiolata, Reynosia praenuntia._________________________________________

Lumnitzera.________---__-__--____-___--_--_-__-_-__-_-________-________-_-__

Lygoilium kaulfussi______--_-------_-----_-----_--___-__-_-__________________

Lytle, Tex., list of species from. ______________ ________________________________

lytlensis, Ampeloeissites__._-__-_--__-__--_-___-__-____________.__________ 88,

M 

Magnolia angustifolia _______--_-_-_---_----__.____________________ 83,

leei_______________________________________________________________ 83, 85,

major, Cassia glenni._______________________________________________________

Malpighiaoeae___________________________________________________________

Mangifera_-__-__-__------------_---_-------_--------_--_----------_-__----__-

Melastomites verus._-__-__--_--_-______-__-__--__--_-____--__________-___ 84,

Meniphylloides tennesseensis...--_._____-___---__-_-_______________-___._._._

Mespilodaphne coushattn._-____-____--_____-_____--__-___-__________---.____

eolignitica._______________________________________________________________

Metopium wilcoxianum. ___________________________________________________

microdentatus, Dillenites.--_-___.--_---------_-_____-_____---________----.___

milanensis, Calycites_________________________________________________________

Mimosites lanceolatus____-____________-__--__----__-__---_-__-__-____________

variabilis _______-__-____-_-_-----_---------_-_---_____--_-__---__-------_

Mimusops eolignitica.--.------_--------__-_----------------------------------

sieberifolia_---.-____-___-____-__-__-____-___-----_---_--___-___----_-__ 

minor, Celastrus______---_--_-__-__-_--.____-_-_-__-_--__--_-_---__-----_-.

Leguminosites arachioides._______________________________________________

miriflorianum, Diospyros..---------------------------------------- — --------

mississippiense, Apocynophyllum____________________________________________

Cedrela._-__-__--__-----_-------_---—_-__-___--__-_____-----____-__-____

Ficus_____------------------------ —— - — _---_-_----__-_------_--_-----_-

Mount Pleasant, Tex., species from_-_--.._____--.-_-.____-_____________-____ 85

mucronata, Sophora_______--._-_-_-__---_-_--_---__--____-____-____-__------- 83,84

Myrcia bentonensis_-—______________________________________________________ 83

vera.--------------------------------------------------- — --------------- 84

wortheni---------------------------------------------------------------- 83,84

Myrica elaenoides.______--_------_-_-_--__-_.--_-_____-_____-___-_____------- 84

puryearensis___-_-_-----_____------—_-___---_--__-_______--.___-__------ 84

Myrsinaceae__________________-____-_---_--_-----_---___----_-_______-_-___- 90

myrtifolia, Ficus.__-___________.__________.___-___-_.______-______--_ 84, pi. 21

N 

Nectandra lancifolia_._------------------------------------------------------- 84

parvula—----------------------------------------------------------------- 84

pseudocoriacea.__ _______-_.______________________________.__.__-___ 83,84

puryearensis.--------.-.-------------------- — -----_-_-_-_-_-_-__--_----_ 84

wilcoxensis.________-------------------------------_-----_------_--------- 83

sp_ — ____________ ________ — — -_- — — --.-- —_ — —— -- — - — — — — - 85

nemorosus, Celastrus . 

Nyssa eolignitica _

\vilcoxiana_ __--_-_

O

obtusifolia, Oreodaphne.____________-----------_-_-----___-_----_-____------- 84,85

occidentalis, Ficus____________________________________________________________ 85

Juglans.--------- — ______--.--_-----__---_-__--_----_---._---_---_-----_- 84

odoratifolia, Cedrela-. — --.------ — ------- — ----------. — --- — --- 83,84

Olacaceae——---———— — — ————--———— — — — — — - 87-88

Olax— ————— —— ——— ——— — -- —— ————- —— — — — . 88

Oreodaphne mississippiensis_ — _____.______________ — __-_-_- — _-__ — __-_-__ 84

obtusifolia.-______-_-._________._______---___-_----------------.---------_ 84,85

ovatum, Apocynophyllum mississippiense--_-----_-_-_-__------_------------- 84

Palaeodendron americanum. 

Paliurus mississippiensis__
IXDEX 99

Page 

Palmocarpon butlerense___-____________.______________ ____________ 85

pandurifolia, Ficus.___________________________________—_ ____________ _ 84

Paraengelhardtia eocenica_- — _____-_—____________________ _____— ______ 84

parvula, Nectandra__-____________________________________________ 84

Persea wilcoxiana__._____---______--___________-_-__------_-_-____-__-_-_-___- 83

piperitum, Fagara_______________________________ ____ — ___ —______ 87

Poacitessp —- —— ———— —— _ —— ——- —— — —— — _ ——- ____________ ___ 83,84

postnewberryi, Cinnamomum____________________________________________ 85

praenuntia, Reynosia_______________________________________________________ 83,84

prelateriflora, Drypetes___---___-__---__-_____________________________ 83,84

prepaniculata, Icacorea______________________________ _ _______________ 90, pi. 21

preracemosa, Laguncularia_______.______________________________________ 84

Proteoides wilcoxensis__---_-_____--______——_______—_____--____--________ 85

Pseudima.-_-_._________________________________________ _ ________ 87

pseudimaformis, Carpolithus___ ___________ — __ — _—__-____—-__ 87, pi. 23

pseudocoriacea, Nectandra____________________________________________ 83,84

pseudolaurifolia, Banisteria___________________________________________________ 83

pseudomediafolia, Ficus______---_-__-______--___-__________-_-_____-__-______ 84

pseudopopulus, Ficus____________________________________________________ 84,85

Psychotria grandifolia.______-___-_______-_--___-___-__-_-______-_______ — _- 84

pungens, Artocarpus..—— —— — — —_...________________.._______ 84

puryearense, Dryophyllum__.________________ _ ___________________ 83, 84, pi. 20

puryearensis, Anacardites__. _______________________________._ —____ 84

Carpolithus----___--___-____—______________________ 84

Cassia— —— — — —————— —— — —— — ——— — —— — — 83, 84, pi. 23

Cedrela.-——— — ————— — ———— ——— ——— — ————-—— 84

Ficus__________________._______-_______--____._ 83,84

Myrica. ___________________________________________ _ __________________ 84

Nectandra___________________________________________________________ 84

Putterlickia pyracantha_ _ _ ______________ _ _______________________________ 87

pyracantha, Putterlickia_______________________________________ ___________ 87

R 

repaadifolia, Banisteria._---___------__-___--_________________________ 86, pi. 21

Sophora. ___-_--___-__---._-______________________________________ 84

Reynosia praenuntia longepetiolata_________________________________ 83,84

Rhamnites knowltonL._________ — _______________________________________ 84

Rhamnus coushatta.____________--_-__--_-___-___-_-_-______- — --________ 84

rigida, Artocarpus______________-_-_____-____--__—_____ — ____—_ — _______ 85

Roberts, J. K., collections by—— — — — — ————— —— — ———— — — —— 83-84

robertsi, Anona_______-—_-_--_-__— ______________ _ _________ _ _ 83, pi. 23

Oelastrus-___________-______________-_______ 87, pi. 23

rostrata, Ficus fructus_________________________.--____________ 84

rotundifolia, Vitis__________.__________ __________________ 88

rupestris, Celastrus_______-.-_______ — — — — — - — —______________ 87

Sabalites grayanus__________—_________-_-.._____________ 83,84,85

saffordi, Banksia_.____________________________________,_.. 83,84

Sapindaceae.- ______________._-__-____-_____________________________ 87

sapindifolia, Heisteria—-- ———_ — - ——— — —— — — -_- — ——____________ 87

sapindifolium, Apocynophyllum___---__________-______-.__________ 87,88

Sapindus eoligniticus.__________________________________________________ 83,84

formosus____________________________________________________________ 83,84

knowltoai. ___________________________________________________ 83

linearifolius-.___________________________________ 83, 84, pi. 23

mississippiensis.--———————--—— — -—_- — — --———— — --——— — — — 83,84

saportana, Heterocalyx_ _______________.____.._____ _ _____-.-________ 84

Page 

Schefflera-. ————————————— —————— — —————— 90

elliptica--...---------------------------------------- 83,89-90 pi.23

formosa__ _-----___----------------_—__-_________________ — __-__.___--- 84

schimperi, Ficus__ ______________________________________________________ 85

Juglans—— — —— — — —————- — — — — -- —- — — . — — 84,85

scrobiculatus, Cucurbites__--_____-__——-_-_--___ ______________________ _ 90,pi.23

Sideroxylon ellipticus________________—— — — — —__ — — — _— ________ — — 84

sieberifolia, Mimusops.______________________________________——— 84

Sophora mucronata_______________________________________________________ 83,84

repandifolia___________________________________________________________ 84

wileoxiana _ ——— ———___ — _ —————- — — — _ — ————— ————_ — — 84

splendens, Euonymus.._-____-_-____ — ____________________________________ 84,85

Spondias.--_.___--_________________________________________—____________ 86

Stewart, Qlenn, collection by.-- —-------------------------------------------- 85

T 

taurinensis, Celastrus_—--_-- — ---_------------_-----_----- — -----—--_ — — 84 85,87

tennesseense, Dryophyllum___________________________._____-.___- 83 84,85

tennesseensis, Ficus._______-_--____-__----__-___-__ — _________ — _______—— 84

Meniphylloides. ______________.______________________-._._...- 84

Terminalia eolignitica. _.__._.-____ — -___.___-______-_-__-____-._--__-_- 85

hilgardiana_-____—__-_____-.____-___-_-_____.__-_-_-__---_-_ —.- 85

Ternstroemiteslanceolatus.--__---__-_._____.__.__-_---___--_-__-_--- 84

Tetrastigma. __--_-___----_-------_----------------_----------------_--_----- 88

Texas, localities iti_______________..___________-.__ — — 84-85

V 

Vantanea wilcoxiana__—_______________ — ____________.-___--_____--__ — __ 84

variabilis, Mimosites._____________________________________________________— 83,84

vaughani, Ficus.. __________ __-___--_______-____-___ — _-__-_-___-_-___-_--- 85

vera, Myrcla_______.____-.-.__________________________-_-___—--- 84

verus, Melastomites_______________.___—_______.___._____-.____-__ 84,pi. 23

Viola, Ky., list of species from__.________...________________.._-______ 84

violensis, Celastrus__-____-_______-__________--.______._____ 87, pi. 23

Leguminosites_--_-______-_--___-____-_-_-___- — _-_-___-.- 86, pi. 21

Vitaceae-—— — —— — ._ ——- ———- —————— —— — ——— - — ---— 88

Vitis——.. — — —--—-— —— — — - — — - — — ——— — ————— 88

rotundifolia—.._----_---_-_____-_____-.-___---_---_--_-__--__--_-__----_ 88

W 

Wickliffe, Ky., list of species from._______________________________________ 83

wilcoxease, Apocynophyllum______._______________________________, 84

Combretum...__--__-_-____---_____----__-__-_-___-_-__-.---__--__--- 89, pi. 23 

wilcoxensis, Artocarpoides.____________.._____________.-___.______-- 83

Ficus———— — — --——-——— —— —— —— — — — ———— — — 84

Nectandra___ 

Proteoides—_____

wilcoxiana, Bumelia. 

Oryptocarya__ 

Dalbergia_____ 

Diospyros_______

Dodonaea_______

Nyssa_--__________,_-__---_____--__-______--__________-______-__-_-_

Persea___.__________________________________________ _ — -—_ — ___

Sophora_.________________________________._____._—_-_——

"Vantanea_.____-___-_-_--____-__ — -- ---_-_--_--___---_------_----_-----

wilcoxianum, Liquidambar__________-_____-__________-._-_-_--- ——.__- — -

Metopium_______________-_______________—____—__—-_—— ——_

wortheni, Myrcia.__--_._____-_-__-_____---_-._._.__ _.-.--_-_--_---- —. 83,

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