2013 Decisions

Opinions of the United

States Court of Appeals

for the Third Circuit

6-13-2013

USA v. State of New Jersey

Precedential or Non-Precedential: Non-Precedential

Docket No. 12-2964

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Recommended Citation

"USA v. State of New Jersey" (2013). 2013 Decisions. Paper 692.

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NOT PRECEDENTIAL

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS 

FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT

_____________

No. 12-2964

_____________

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

v.

STATE OF NEW JERSEY; NEW JERSEY 

CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION,

 *Francisco Brito, et al.,

 Appellants

 *(Pursuant to Fed. R. App. P. 12(a))

_____________

On Appeal from the United States District Court for the District of New Jersey

(Case No. 2-10-cv-00091)

District Judge: Honorable Katharine S. Hayden 

_____________

Submitted Under Third Circuit L.A.R. 34.1(a)

May 10, 2013 

_____________

Before: SLOVITER, FUENTES, and ROTH, Circuit Judges.

(Opinion Filed: June 13, 2013)

_____________

OPINION OF THE COURT

_____________
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FUENTES, Circuit Judge:

On June 12, 2012, the Honorable Katharine S. Hayden of the United States District Court

for the District of New Jersey approved a consent decree (“Decree”) between the United States 

and the State of New Jersey and the New Jersey Civil Service Commission (“NJCSC,” and 

together with the State of New Jersey, the “State” ). The Decree was the end result of a 

complaint that the United States had filed against the State in 2010 alleging that the NJCSC’s 

selection process for police sergeant positions had a disparate impact on African American and 

Hispanic applicants in violation of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. The Decree 

requires the State to take actions such as obtaining pre-approval from the United States before 

certifying candidates for police sergeant promotions; establishing a new examination and 

promotion process for police sergeants; and providing back pay for eligible claimants.

Prior to reaching this settlement, the parties engaged in extensive discovery, exchanged 

expert reports on disparate impact, job-relatedness and validity, and engaged in settlement 

conferences before the Honorable Michael A. Shipp. The parties twice amended the contents of 

the original consent decree, and a fairness hearing was held on March 12, 2012 before Judge 

Hayden. Objectors to the Decree were invited to submit any written objections by January 27, 

2012, and had the right to appear and voice objections at the fairness hearing. Over 400 

objections were received and most of the fairness hearing was devoted to hearing from objectors.

On February 9, 2012, twenty-seven police officers employed by the City of Paterson, 

New Jersey (the “Objectors”) filed a motion to intervene as of right, a motion for discovery, and 

a motion for a preliminary injunction. The Objectors also submitted objections to the Decree. 

On March 8, 2012, the Objectors also filed a motion for postponement of the initial fairness 

hearing. On that same day, the District Court denied the motion for discovery, for a preliminary 
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injunction, and for postponement of the fairness hearing, but ordered the motion to intervene to 

be heard at the fairness hearing. 

After conducting the fairness hearing, the District Court found, in a thoughtful and 

extensive written opinion, that the Decree is fair, adequate, reasonable and consistent with the 

law. After properly considering the totality of the circumstances, the District Court also denied 

the Objectors’ motion to intervene as untimely since it was filed at a time when the notice for 

objections had already closed and at a point that would unduly prejudice the parties. 

The appellants in this matter consist of the Objectors and of another group of police 

officers affected by the Decree who objected to the Decree at the fairness hearing but did not 

move to intervene (the “Non-Intervenors”). We have jurisdiction over the appeal of the 

Objectors pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1291. However, we do not have jurisdiction over the appeal 

of the Non-Intervenors, as they are not parties to the proceedings in the District Court. United 

States v. Stoerr, 695 F.3d 271, 275-76 (3d Cir. 2012). Although non-parties to a district court’s 

proceedings may appeal under certain circumstances, Binker v. Pennsylvania, 977 F.2d 738, 

745-47 (3d Cir. 1992), we do not find such circumstances present here, as the Non-Intervenors 

had an opportunity to intervene as parties but declined to do so. Therefore, we proceed only as 

to the Objectors’ appeal. 

We review a district court’s denial of a motion to intervene for abuse of discretion but 

apply a more stringent standard to denials of intervention as of right. Benjamin ex rel. Yock v. 

Dep’t of Pub. Welfare of Pennsylvania, 701 F.3d 938, 947 (3d Cir. 2012). “We will reverse a 

district court’s determination on a motion to intervene of right if the court applied an improper 

standard or reached a decision that we are confident is incorrect.” Id. (internal citations omitted). 

We review the judgment of a district court to approve a consent decree for abuse of discretion. 
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In re Tutu Water Wells CERCLA Litig., 326 F.3d 201, 207 (3d Cir. 2003). Parties challenging a 

district court’s decision to approve a consent decree bear a heavy burden. Id. (internal citations 

omitted). 

On appeal, the Objectors challenge the District Court’s denial of their motion to intervene 

and the approval of the Decree. They argue that the United States has not sufficiently shown that 

the State’s promotion procedures had a disparate impact on African American and Hispanic 

applicants in Paterson, and that the Decree violates their constitutional rights to equal protection 

and due process. 

After carefully reviewing the record and the arguments on appeal, we find no basis for 

disturbing the District Court’s well-reasoned and thorough opinion. We agree that the Decree 

represents a settlement that is fair, adequate, reasonable, and consistent with the law. We also 

agree that the Objector’s motion to intervene was untimely, and, therefore, properly denied. 

Accordingly, we hereby affirm substantially for the reasons stated by Judge Hayden in her 

opinion.