Water-Quality and Lake-Stage Data 

for Wisconsin Lakes, Water Years 

2012–2013

Prepared in cooperation with the State of Wisconsin and local agencies

Open-File Report 2016–1050

U.S. Department of the Interior

U.S. Geological Survey

Water-Quality and Lake-Stage Data for 

Wisconsin Lakes, Water Years 

2012−2013

By S. Bridgett Manteufel and Dale M. Robertson

Prepared in cooperation with the State of Wisconsin

and with other agencies

Open-File Report 2016–1050

U.S. Department of the Interior

U.S. Geological Survey
U.S. Department of the Interior

SALLY JEWELL, Secretary

U.S. Geological Survey

Suzette Kimball, Acting Director

U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2016

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Suggested citation:

Manteufel, S.B., and Robertson, D.M., 2017, Water-quality and lake-stage data for Wisconsin lakes, water years 

2012–2013: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1050, 320 p., 

https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161050.

ISSN 2328-0328 (online)
Water-Quality and Lake-Stage 

Data for Wisconsin Lakes,

Water Year 2012
iv

CONTENTS

Introduction................................................................................................................................................................. 1 

Methods of data collection ......................................................................................................................................... 4 

Explanation of physical and chemical characteristics of lakes ................................................................................ 13

Water temperature and thermal stratification.............................................................................................. 13

Specific conductance .................................................................................................................................. 14

Water clarity ................................................................................................................................................ 14

pH .............................................................................................................................................................. 14 

Dissolved oxygen ........................................................................................................................................ 15

Phosphorus ................................................................................................................................................. 16

Nitrogen....................................................................................................................................................... 16

Chlorophyll a ............................................................................................................................................... 17

Classification of lakes............................................................................................................................................... 17

References cited ...................................................................................................................................................... 20

Lake data.................................................................................................................................................................. 22

Anvil

Deep Hole, 455638089034501................................................................. .............................. 23

Beulah

Deep Hole, 424840088241600 ............................................................... ............................................ 28

Station No. 2, 424929088231300............................................................ ............................................ 32

Big Cedar

North Site, near West Bend, 432409088151600.................................................................................. 36

South Site, near West Bend, 432224088154900................................................................................. 39

Delavan

Center near Delavan Lake, 423556088365001 ................................................................................... 43

North End near Lake Lawn, 423659088354401................................................................................... 49

SW End near Delavan Lake, 423526088380101................................................................................. 52

Devils near Baraboo, 05404500 ................................................................................................................. 55

Geneva 

Water level at Lake Geneva, 423525088260400................................................................................. 57

West End, near Williams Bay, 423329088323300............................................................................... 59

Gilbert

Deep Hole, 432204088152201............................................................................................................. 65

Tributary, 04086418 ............................................................................................................................. 66

Spring #1, 432514088151601 .............................................................................................................. 67

Spring #2, 432511088151801 .............................................................................................................. 68

Green

Water level at County Trunk Highway A near Green Lake (East End), 434928088553601 ................ 69

Deep Hole, 434756089020500............................................................................................................. 71

East End, 434928088570000............................................................................................................... 76

Inlet, Site 1, 435009088550100............................................................................................................ 80

Inlet, Site 2, 434948088552200............................................................................................................ 81

Kegonsa, 425715089164700...................................................................................................................... 82

Koshkonong near Newville, 05427235 ....................................................................................................... 84

Little Cedar

North Site, near West Bend, 432255088134700.................................................................................. 86

South Site, near West Bend, 432249088134500................................................................................. 89

Mendota at Madison, 05428000 ................................................................................................................. 93

Middle Genesee at Genesee Lake Road, near Oconomowoc, 430251088284700 ................................... 95

Monona at Madison, 05429000 .................................................................................................................. 97

Oconomowoc

No. 1 (Center) at Oconomowoc, 430551088273500 ......................................................................... 100

No. 2 (off Hewitt Point) at Oconomowoc, 430609088262200 ............................................................ 104
v 

Okauchee

Deep Hole, 430723088252100........................................................................................................... 107

No. 1, Crane’s Nest Bay, 430759088244200..................................................................................... 111

No. 2, Lower Okauchee, 430645088264500...................................................................................... 113

No. 3, Ice House Bay, 430642088252400 ......................................................................................... 115

No. 4, Crazyman’s Island, 430757088261700 ................................................................................... 117

Powers at Powers Lake, 423246088175800 ............................................................................................ 119

Waubesa, 05429485................................................................................................................................. 123

Wind, Headwater, at Outlet at Wind Lake, 424848088083100 ................................................................ 126

at Wind Lake, 424915088083900 ...................................................................................................... 128

Winnebago

Water level at Oshkosh, 04082500 .................................................................................................... 132

Water level near Stockbridge, 04084255 ........................................................................................... 135

Wisconsin Water Science Center publications pertaining to lakes........................................................................ 137

Appendix - Quality-Assurance/Quality-Control Plan .............................................................................................. 149

FIGURE

Figure 1. Map showing location of USGS lake water-quality and lake-stage stations in Wisconsin ....................... 2 

TABLES

Table 1. Discontinued lake stations ....................................................................................................................... 5

 2. Parameter identification numbers and laboratory reporting levels (LRL) for chemical

 parameters commonly measured in lakes, and analyzed at the National Water-Quality 

 Laboratory (NWQL) or the Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene (WSLH)........................................ 12

 
vi 

CONVERSION FACTORS, VERTICAL DATUM, AND ABBREVIATED WATER-QUALITY UNITS

Multiply By To Obtain

mile (mi) 1.609 kilometer

pound (lb) 453.6 gram

acre 0.4048 hectare

foot (ft) 0.3048 meter

meter (m) 3.281 foot

gallon (gal) 3.785 liter

square mile (mi2) 2.590 square kilometer

Temperature, in degrees Celsius (°C) can be converted to degrees Fahrenheit (°F) by use of the following 

equation

°F = 1.8(°C) + 32

Sea level: In this report “sea level” refers to either the National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 (NGVD 

of 1929)–a geodetic datum derived from a general adjustment of the first-order level nets of both the 

United States and Canada, formerly called Sea Level Datum of 1929– or the North American Vertical 

Datum of 1988 (NAVD 88). 

Abbreviated water-quality units: Chemical concentrations and water temperature are given in metric 

units. Chemical concentration is given in milligrams per liter (mg/L) or micrograms per liter (μg/L). 

Milligrams per liter is a unit expressing the concentration of chemical constituents in solution as weight 

(milligrams) of solute per unit volume (liter) of water. One thousand micrograms per liter is equivalent to 

one milligram per liter. For water with dissolved-solids concentrations less than 7,000 mg/L, the numerical 

values for concentrations expressed as mg/L and μg/L are the same as for concentrations in parts per 

million and parts per billion, respectively.

Specific conductance of water is expressed in microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius 

(μS/cm). This unit is equivalent to micromhos per centimeter (mmho/cm) at 25 degrees Celsius, formerly 

used by the U.S. Geological Survey.
1 

WATER-QUALITY AND LAKE-STAGE DATA

FOR WISCONSIN LAKES, WATER YEAR 2012

By Wisconsin Water Science Center

Lake-Studies Team

INTRODUCTION

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with local and other agencies, collects data at 

selected lakes throughout Wisconsin. These data, accumulated over many years, provide a data base for 

developing an improved understanding of the water quality of lakes. To make these data available to interested 

parties outside the USGS, the data are published annually in this report series. The locations of water-quality 

and lake-stage stations in Wisconsin for water year 2012 are shown in figure 1. A water year is the 12-month 

period from October 1 through September 30. It is designated by the calendar year in which it ends. Thus, the 

period October 1, 2011 through September 30, 2012 is called “water year 2012.”

The purpose of this report is to provide information about the chemical and physical characteristics of 

Wisconsin lakes. Data that have been collected at specific lakes, and information to aid in the interpretation of 

those data, are included in this report. Data collected include measurements of in-lake water quality and lake 

stage. Time series of Secchi depths, surface total phosphorus and chlorophyll a concentrations collected 

during non-frozen periods are included for all lakes. Graphs of vertical profiles of temperature, dissolved 

oxygen, pH, and specific conductance are included for sites where these parameters were measured. 

Descriptive information for each lake includes: location of the lake, area of the lake’s watershed, period for 

which data are available, revisions to previously published records, and pertinent remarks. Additional data, 

such as streamflow and water quality in tributary and outlet streams of some of the lakes, are published in 

another volume: “Water Resources Data-Wisconsin, 2012."

Water-resources data, including stage and discharge data at most streamflow-gaging stations, are 

available through the World Wide Web on the Internet. The Wisconsin Water Science Center’s home page is 

at http://wi.water.usgs.gov/. Information on the Wisconsin Water Science Center’s Lakes Program is found at 

http://wi.water.usgs.gov/lakes/index.html and http://wi.water.usgs.gov/projects/index.html. 

 
2 

WINNEBAGO CALUMET

JUNEAU

ADAMS

WAUSHARA

MONROE L A CROSSE GREEN

LAKE MARQUETTE

FOND DU LAC SHEBOYGAN

VERNON

COLUMBIA

SAUK

DODGE

OZAUKEE

WASHING

-TON

RICHLAND

CRAWFORD

DANE

GRANT

M IL W AUKEE

IOWA WAUKESHA

JEFFERSON

RACINE

GREEN

WALWORTH ROCK L AFAYETTE

KENOSHA

BROWN

DOUGLAS

VILAS

BURNETT WASHBURN SAWYER

FOREST

FLORENCE

PRICE

ONEIDA

MARINETTE

POLK BARRON RUSK

LINCOLN

LANGLADE

OCONTO

TAYLOR

DOOR

ST. CROIX CHIPPEWA

DUNN

MENOMINEE

MARATHON

CLARK SHAWANO PIERCE EAU CLAIRE

KEWAUNEE

PEPIN

PORTAGE

WAUPACA

WOOD BUFFALO

TREMPEA

-LEAU JACKSON

OUTAGAMIE

MANITOWOC

BAYFIELD

ASHLAND

IRON

EXPLANATION

Lake name

Lake-stage station

Lake water-quality

and stage station

Note: at some lakes more than one

site may be monitored.

Green

Winnebago

Devils

Green

Anvil

Mendota Monona

Waubesa

Kegonsa

Koshkonong

Wind

MiddleGenesee

Oconomowoc

Okauchee

Geneva

Delavan

Powers

BigCedar

LittleCedar

Gilbert

Beulah

0

0 20 40 60 KILOMETERS

20 40 60 MILES

44°

45°

43°

46°

92°

91°

90°

89°

88°

87°

Figure 1. Location of USGS lake water-quality and lake-stage stations in Wisconsin.
3 

The USGS has done cooperative lake monitoring with local and other agencies since 

1983. Cooperators in 2012 included:

Big Cedar Lake Protection and Rehabilitation District

Dane County

Geneva Lake Environmental Agency

Green Lake Sanitary District

Lake Beulah Management District

Little Cedar Lake Protection and Rehabilitation District

Middle Genesee Lake District

Okauchee Lake Management District

Powers Lake District

Rock County Public Works Department

Town of Delavan

Town of Washington

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

Village of Oconomowoc Lake

Wind Lake Management District

Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources
4 

Lake data-collection sites are identified by a unique identification number. Lake waterquality sites are identified by a 15-digit number that is a concatenation of the site’s latitude, 

longitude, and a two-digit sequence number. The sequence number is used to distinguish 

between sites located at the same latitude-longitude designation. The site identification number 

is permanently assigned to the site; actual latitude and longitude of the site are subject to 

update and are stored separately. For some lakes, which have historical records of lake stage, 

an eight-to-ten digit number is assigned according to downstream order. Gaps are left in the 

numerical series to allow for new stations; hence, the numbers are not consecutive. The first 

two digits of the complete eight-to-ten digit number, such as 04087000 or 054310157, designate 

the major river basin. For example, “04” designates the St. Lawrence River Basin and “05” 

designates the Upper Mississippi River Basin.

The water-quality lake stations that were discontinued prior to water year 2012 are listed 

in table 1. Discontinued lake-stage stations are not included in this table.

This report is the culmination of a concerted effort by a number of people who collected, 

compiled, analyzed, verified, and organized the data, and who typed, edited, and assembled the 

report. The authors had primary responsibility for assuring that the information contained herein 

is accurate, complete, and adheres to USGS policy and established guidelines. Technicians in 

charge of the field offices are: B.W. Olson (Rhinelander), and S.A. March (Middleton). The data 

were collected and processed by D.E. Housner, D.L. Olson, P.C. Reneau, Z.T. Scott, B.J. 

Siebers and C. Utzig. S.B. Manteufel assembled, edited, and formatted the report. Additional 

assistance in preparation of the report was provided by M.M. Greenwood, and D.L. Olson. 

METHODS OF DATA COLLECTION

Depth profiles of water temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, and specific conductance 

were collected using multi-parameter meters. Prior to measurements, the meters were 

calibrated using standards for pH and conductance, and dissolved oxygen was calibrated using 

the air calibration method. Generally, field measurements in profiles were made at 0.5-m 

intervals if the maximum depth of the lake was 5 m or less and at 1.0-m intervals if the 

maximum depth was greater than 5 m.
5 

Table 1. Discontinued lake stations

Station name Site identification number Period of record

Alma Lake near St. Germain 455426089254700 Oct. 1984–Sept. 1990,

May 1992–Sept.1996

Balsam Lake, off Cedar Island, at Balsam Lake 452755092264600 Feb. 1991–Aug. 1994

 off Little Narrows, near Balsam Lake 452858092265300 May 1991–Aug. 1994

 off Rock Island, near Balsam Lake 452754092234300 May 1991–Aug. 1994

Balsam Lake near Birchwood 453907091345800 Mar. 1993–Aug. 1994,

Mar. 1996–Aug. 1997,

Mar.–Sept. 2001

Bass Lake near Shawano 445215088300300 Feb. 1990–Aug. 1992

Bear Lake at Deep Hole near Haugen 453754091490900 Mar. 1992–Aug. 1993

Beaver Dam Lake, South end, at Beaver Dam 432814088515000 June–Oct. 1991

 North end, near Beaver Dam 433122088545700 June–Oct. 1991

Benedict Lake near Powers Lake 423201088180800 May 1998–Aug. 2000

Big Blacksmith Lake near Keshena 445401088334500 Feb. 1990–Aug. 1992

Big Hills (Hills) Lake near Wild Rose

 

440912089092000 June 1983–Aug. 1984,

Feb.–Aug. 1987, 

Feb.–Aug. 1990, 

Feb.–Aug. 1993,

Feb.–Aug. 1996,

Feb.–Aug. 1999

Big Muskego Lake, at North Site, near Muskego 425301088061300 Feb.–Aug. 1988

 Research Base, near Muskego 425235088075300 May–June 1994

Big Round Lake near Milltown 453142092180100 Feb.–Sept. 2001

Big St. Germain Lake, near St. Germain 455557089311000 Feb. 1992–Aug. 1996

 near Lake Tomahawk 05390750 1991–2001

Big Sand Lake, Deep Hole, near Hertel 454910092134000 Feb.–Sept. 2001

 East Site, near Hertel 454921092124300 Feb.–Sept. 2001

Big Sissabagama Lake, near Stone Lake 454724091303600 Apr. 1986–Sept. 1996,

Oct. 1997–Sept. 2002

 North Site, near Stone Lake 454800091312900 Mar. 1998–Sept. 2001

Booth Lake near East Troy 424800088254800 Feb. 1992–Aug. 1994,

Feb. 2001–Aug. 2003

Buffalo Lake, Center Site, at Packwaukee 434558089260600 May 1998–Sept. 2001

 East End, at Montello 434720089201600 May 1998–Sept. 2001

 West End, near Endeavor 434414089282400 May 1998–Sept. 2001
6 

Table 1. Discontinued lake stations--continued

Station name Site identification number Period of record

Butternut Lake, near Park Falls 455854090310300 Oct. 2002–Oct. 2004

 Deep Hole, near Park Falls 455803090310800 Mar. 2003–Sept. 2004

 North Site, near Butternut 455904090303400 Mar. 2003–Sept. 2004

 Far South Site, near Park Falls 455651090312700 Mar. 2003–Sept. 2004

Denoon Lake at Wind Lake 425044088100300 Feb. 1991–Aug. 1996

Druid Lake near Hartford 431643088243300 Feb. 1991–Sept. 1996

Eagle Lake near Kansasville 05544500 1936–64, 1975–77, 

1979,

Feb. 1993–Sept. 1996

Eagle Lake, at Deep Hole, near Kansasville

 

424207088072400 Feb. 1993–Aug. 1996

Eagle Spring Lake at Eagleville 425103088261500 Apr. 1991–Sept. 2001

Elizabeth Lake near Twin Lakes 423051088155300 Feb. 1995–Sept. 1997

Fish Lake near Sauk City 05406050 Nov. 1966–Sept. 1981,

Apr. 1985–May 1987,

May 1988, Apr. 1989–

Oct. 1990, Oct. 1990–

Nov. 1996, Nov. 1996–

Sept. 2004

Fowler Lake, Center, at Oconomowoc 430653088294601 Jan.–Dec. 1984,

Oct. 1986–Sept. 1996

Fox Lake Deep Hole at Fox Lake 433458088560600 June 1991–Mar. 1993

Geneva Lake, Geneva Bay, at Lake Geneva 423455088263800 Apr. 1997–Feb. 1999

 Williams Bay, at Williams Bay 423420088320500 Apr. 1997–Feb. 1999

 Center, near Lake Geneva 423402088301400 Apr. 1997–Mar. 1999

 East End, near Lake Geneva 423421088272300 Apr. 1997–May 2000

Hemlock Lake near Mikana 453421091333700 Mar. 1993–Aug. 1994,

Mar. 1996–Aug. 1997,

Mar.–Sept. 2001

Hooker Lake at Salem 423335088060300 Feb. 1992–Aug. 1993

Kawaguesaga, Deep Hole, near Minocqua 455208089435800 May–Sept. 2003

 South Site, near Minocqua 455145089442600 May–Sept. 2003

Kirby Lake near Cumberland 453554092042101 Nov. 1995–Oct. 1996

 (Site 1) near Cumberland 453608092035801 Nov. 1995–Nov. 1996

 (Site 2) near Cumberland 453601092035301 Nov. 1995–Nov. 1996

 (Site 3) near Cumberland 453612092034901 Nov. 1995–Nov. 1996

 (Site 4) near Cumberland 453603092035701 Nov. 1995–Nov. 1996

 (Site 5) near Cumberland 453608092041201 Nov. 1995–Nov. 1996

 (Site 6) near Cumberland 453555092040901 Nov. 1995–Nov. 1996
7 

Table 1. Discontinued lake stations--continued

Station name Site identification number Period of record

Lac La Belle at Oconomowoc 430733088305900 Feb. 1984–Aug. 1985,

Apr. –Aug. 1991,

Feb. 2001–Aug. 2003

 NW, at Oconomowoc 430809088313900 Feb. 1984–Aug. 1985

 SE, at Oconomowoc 430707088301400 Feb. 1984–Aug. 1985

Lake Bastine, Deep Hole, near Mercer 460511090153800 Apr. 2009–Mar. 2010

Lake Blass at Lake Delton 433545089482400 Mar. 1989–Aug. 1990

Lake Desair near Rice Lake 453446091465100 Aug. 2004

Lake Keesus, 

 East Bay, near Merton 430957088183400 Apr. 1991–Aug. 1995

 North Bay, near Merton 431006088191000 Apr. 1991–Aug. 1995

Lake Morris at Mount Morris 440654089120500 Jun. 1983–Sept. 1989

Lake Nebagamon, Northeast Bay, at Lake 

Nebagamon

463050091412300 May 1992–Aug. 1995

Southeast Bay, at Lake Nebagamon 462928091413500 Mar. 1992–Sept. 1995

 West Bay, at Lake Nebagamon 463034091425300 May 1992–Aug. 1995

Lake Noquebay near Crivitz 451511087550900 Feb. 1987–Aug. 1988,

Apr. 1991–Aug. 1994

 East End, near Crivitz 451540087525700 Apr. 1991–Aug. 1994

Lamotte Lake near Shawano 445305088361200 Feb. 1990–Aug. 1992

Lauderdale Lakes at Lauderdale

 Mill, at Lauderdale 

424554088332700

424555088335700

Oct. 1993–Oct. 1994

Nov. 1993–Nov. 1994,

Aug. 2002

Green, Auxiliary, Number 1, near Lauderdale 424640088341900 June 1999–Sept. 2000

Green, near Lauderdale 424652088341500 Nov. 1993–Nov. 1994,

Aug. 2002

Legend Lake (site 1) near Shawano 445342088312700 Feb. 1990–Feb. 1992

Little Arbor Vitae near Woodruff 455446089370300 Feb. 1991–Sept. 2002

Little Green Lake, at Center, near Markesan 434412088590700 Feb. 1991–Aug. 2003

Little Muskego Lake at Muskego 425425088083500 Oct. 1986–Aug. 2002

Little Rock Lake near Woodruff 455946089415702 Oct. 1983–Sept. 1996

Little St. Germain Lake, near Eagle River 05390700 (a)

 Upper East Bay, at St. Germain

 

455532089253900 Dec. 1996–Mar. 97,

Mar. 1999,

Mar. 2000–Aug. 2003

 Northeast Bay, near St. Germain 455545089262500 Apr. 1991–Aug. 1994,

Aug. 1996–Aug. 1997,

Mar. 1999–Aug. 2003

 South Bay, near St. Germain 455437089270800 Apr. 1991–Aug. 1994,

Aug. 1996–Aug. 1997,

Mar. 1999–Aug. 2003

 West Bay, at St. Germain 455428089282400 Apr. 1991–Aug. 1994,

Aug. 1996–Aug. 1997,

Mar. 1999–Aug. 2003
8 

Table 1. Discontinued lake stations--continued

Station name Site identification number Period of record

Little Sand Lake - Site No. 2 - near Mole Lake 452826088544101 May1996–Sept. 2003

Long (Kee Nong Go-Mong) Lake at Wind Lake 424937088103400 Feb. 1988–Aug. 1989,

Feb. 1991–Aug. 1996

Loon Lake near Shawano 445009088303700 Feb. 1991–Aug. 1993

Lost Lake near Beaver Dam 432640088580500 June–Oct. 1991

McKenzie Lakes

 McKenzie (Big McKenzie)

 Deep Hole, near Spooner 455507092013500 Feb. 1987–Aug. 1998

 Northern Site, near Spooner 455540092022000 June 1997–Aug. 1998

 South Site, near Spooner 455437092022300 June 1997–Aug. 1998

 Lower McKenzie, near Webb Lake 455902092011900 June 1997–Aug. 1998

 Middle McKenzie, near Spooner 455635092021800 June 1997–Aug. 1998

Mary (Marie) Lake at Twin Lakes 423128088151200 Feb. 1995–Aug. 1997

Max Lake near Woodruff 460128089423501 Mar. 1988–Dec. 1996

Mead Lake, East Bay near Willard 444720090445000 Apr. 1991–Aug. 1995

 West Bay near Willard 444733090460100 Feb. 1991–Sept. 1995

Mercer Lake, Deep Hole, at Mercer 460937090033100 Mar. 2008–Sept. 2009

 West basin, at Mercer 460945090040600 Mar. 2008–Sept. 2009

Minocqua Lake

 Deep Hole, at Minocqua 455214089412800 May–Sept. 2003

 North Bay, at Minocqua 455232089424100 May–Sept. 2003

 South Bay, at Minocqua 455206089425200 May–Sept. 2003

Montello Lake at Montello 434748089195800 Feb. 1995–Aug. 1998

Moon Lake near St. Germain 455504089260500 Feb. 1992–Aug. 1996

Morgan Lake near Fence 454622088324801 Oct. 1987–Sept. 1998.

Moshawquit Lake near Shawano 445352088295800 Feb. 1990–Aug. 1992

Muskego (Big Muskego)

 Auxiliary Number 1, near Muskego 425329088054000 June 1996–Aug. 2000

 Bass Bay, near Muskego 425344008807010 Feb. 1988–Aug. 2002

 near Wind Lake 425109088075000 Oct. 1987–Sept. 1989, 

Jan. 1991–Sept. 2002

 South Site, near Muskego 425212088072800 Feb. 1988–Aug. 2002

Muskellunge Lake near Eagle River 455700089224900 June 2000–Aug. 2001

Muskellunge Lake, near Lake Outlet near Eagle 

River

455706089232400 Nov. 2000–Oct. 2001

Nagawicka Lake, at Deep Hole, at Delafield 430417088230300 Feb. 2003–Sept. 2004
9 

Table 1. Discontinued lake stations--continued

Station name Site identification number Period of record

Namekagon Lakes

 Garden, near Cable 461224091033200 Mar. 1998–Aug. 1999

 Jackson, near Cable 461457091065900 Mar. 1998–Aug. 1999

 Namekagon

 Deep Hole, near Cable 461308091065100 Mar. 1998–Aug. 1999

 East Basin, near Cable 461228091044300 Mar. 1998–Aug. 1999

 Northeast Basin, near Cable 461410091050700 Mar. 1998–Aug. 1999

Park Lake (site 1) at Pardeeville 433239089175800 Feb. 1986–Aug. 1987,

May–Nov. 1993

 (site 2) at Pardeeville 433226089175500 May–Nov. 1993

 (site 3) at Pardeeville 433245089173000 May–Nov. 1993

 (site 4) at Pardeeville 433257089165100 May–Nov. 1993

Pike Lake near Hartford 431916088200501 Dec. 1998–Dec. 2000

Pike Lake-QW Site-near Hartford 431835088200600 Feb.–Aug. 2000

Potter Lake near Mukwonago 424905088204000 Feb. 1993–Sept. 2007

Pretty Lake, at Deep Hole, near Dousman 425722088295000 Feb. 1993–Aug. 1997

Puckaway Lake, West Basin, near Marquette 434515089124000 Apr. 2005–Sept. 2007

 East Basin, near Marquette 43454208907300 Apr. 2005–Sept. 2007

 River site, near Marquette 434824089083200 Apr. 2005–Sept. 2007

Red Cedar Lake, at Mikana 453522091360600 Mar. 1993–Aug. 1994,

Mar. 1996–Aug. 1997,

Oct. 2000–Sept. 2001

 Deep Hole, near Mikana 453725091345100 Mar. 1993–Aug. 1994,

Mar. 1996–Aug. 1997,

Mar. –Sept. 2001

 South End, at Mikana 453519091352500 Mar. 1993–Aug. 1994,

Mar. 1996–Aug. 1997,

Mar. –Sept. 2001

Rice Lake at Deep Hole near Whitewater 424629088415700 Apr.–Nov. 1991

Round Lake near Shawano 445328088335000 Feb. 1990–Aug. 1992

Sand Lake (Deep Hole) near Keshena 445321088323101 June–Aug. 1992

Shell Lake at Shell Lake 05334000 Aug. 1936–Sept. 1999

Silver Lake near Oconomowoc 430436088293300 Apr. 1992–Aug. 1996

Silver Lake near West Bend 432322088125000 Feb. 1996–Aug. 1997

Feb. 2009–Aug. 2009
10

Table 1. Discontinued lake stations--continued

Station name Site identification number Period of record

Sinissippi Lake, off Anthony Is., at Hustisford 432113088361100 Feb. 1991–Aug. 1993

 off Butternut Is., near Hustisford 432240088363900 Apr. 1991–Aug. 1993

 off Sam Point, near Hustisford 432300088374200 Apr. 1991–Aug. 1993

Spirit Lake near Keshena 445400088320100 Apr.–Aug. 1992

Spooner Lake, Deep Hole, near Spooner 455034091493300 June 2002–Aug. 2004

 Southeast Site, near Spooner 454945091483900 June 2002–Aug. 2004

Stewart Lake at Mt. Horeb 430117089442701 May 1992–Sept. 1993

Tichigan Lake near Waterford 424854088123300 Mar. 1994–Aug. 1996,

Apr. 2003–Aug. 2004

Tombeau Lake near Powers Lake 423153088184800 May 1998–Aug. 2000

Townline Lake near Mercer 460409090084100 Apr. 2009–Mar. 2010

Trude Lake, Deep Hole, near Mercer 460646090091900 Apr. 2009–Mar. 2010

Turtle-Flambeau Flowage, Deep Hole, near 

Mercer

460458090102700 Apr. 2009–Mar. 2010

 SW Basin, near Mercer 460344090124800 Apr. 2009–Mar. 2010

 Lake Bastine, Deep Hole, near Mercer 460511090153800 Apr. 2009–Mar. 2010

 Townline Lake, near Mercer 460409090084100 Apr. 2009–Mar. 2010

 Trude Lake, Deep Hole, near Mercer 460646090091900 Apr. 2009–Mar. 2010

Twin Lake, East Twin, near Westfield 435430089350700 June 2002–Aug. 2004

West Twin, near Westfield 435438089352300 June 2002–Aug. 2004

Winnebago, Buoy Site, near Oshkosh 440128088271201 May 2011–Sept. 2011

(a) Wisconsin Valley Improvement Co. currently collects stage data for this site.

 

In most lakes, water samples were collected at two depths - near the surface and near 

the bottom. Chemical analyses of water samples were performed using standard analytical 

methods by either the USGS National Water Quality Laboratory (Wershaw and others, 1987; 

Fishman and Friedman, 1989; Fishman, 1993) or the Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene 

(Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, 1993). Analyses for dissolved constituents were 

performed on samples that were filtered in the field through a 0.45-μm (micrometer) pore-size 

filter. Total or total recoverable constituents were determined by analyzing unfiltered water 

samples. Preservation and shipment of samples followed standard protocols established by the 

laboratories. Water-quality data were archived in the Water Quality Data Base (QWDATA) of 

the National Water Information System (NWIS). Additional descriptive information about water-
11

quality data is available in the data report: "Water Resources Data – Wisconsin, 2011". NWIS 

parameter codes and minimum laboratory reporting levels for chemical constituents are given in 

table 2. The parameter code for turbidity has changed from 00076 to 63675 or 63676 because 

the method of testing has changed.

Records of lake stage are considered complete when one or more manual or automatic 

measurements were obtained per day. Partial records of lake stage result when measurements 

were less frequent than daily. A complete description of manual or automatic measurements of 

lake stage is described by Rantz and others (1982). 
12

 

Table 2. Parameter identification numbers and laboratory reporting levels (LRL) for chemical parameters commonly 

measured in lakes, and analyzed at the National Water Quality Laboratory (NWQL) or the Wisconsin State Laboratory 

of Hygiene (WSLH). 

(NWQL) (WSLH) 

Standard 

Analysis

Low-Level 

Analysis

Parameter Name Units

CAS 

Number1 

Parameter 

Code2 LRL

Lab 

Code

LRL

Lab 

Code

LRL

Test 

Code

Calcium, diss. (Ca) mg/L 7440-70-2 00915 0.020 659 0.002 1895 0.02 I230IUD

Magnesium, diss. (Mg) mg/L 7439-95-4 00925 0.004 663 0.001 1897 0.02 I390IUD

Sodium, diss. (Na) mg/L 7440-23-5 00930 0.09 675 0.025 1898 0.09 I80IUD

Potassium, diss. (K) mg/L 7440-09-7 00935 0.24 54 0.01 833 0.3 I540IUD

Sulfate, diss. (SO4) mg/L 14808-79-8 00945 0.31 1572 0.01 1263 1.0 I600DLD

Chloride, diss. (Cl) mg/L 16887-00-6 00940 0.29 1571 0.01 1259 0.1 I240ELD

Fluoride, diss. (F) mg/L 16984-48-8 00950 0.100 31 0.01 1260 0.03 I330FLD

Iron, diss. (Fe) (μg/L) 7439-89-6 01046 10 645 3 1896 10 I370IUD

Manganese, diss. (Mn) (μg/L) 7439-96-5 01056 2.2 648 1 1793 0.4 I400IUD

Silica, diss. (SiO2) mg/L 7631-86-9 00955 0.1 56 0.02 1899 0.008 I560LLD

Nitrogen, NO2+NO3, 

diss. mg/L -- 00631 0.05 1975 0.005 1979 0.01 I460MLD

Nitrogen, ammonia, 

diss. mg/L 7664-41-7 00608 0.02 1976 0.002 1980 0.013 I440NLD

Nitrogen, amm.+org., 

total4 mg/L 17778-88-0 00625 0.100 1985 -- -- 0.2 I470BLT

Nitrogen, 

amm.+org.,diss. mg/L -- 00623 -- -- -- -- -- I470DLD

Nitrogen, total5 mg/L -- 00600 -- -- -- -- -- --

Nitrogen, dissolved mg/L -- 00602 -- -- -- -- -- --

Phosphorus, total mg/L 7723-14-0 00665 0.05 1984 0.004 2333 0.005 I520PLT

Phosphorus, ortho, diss. mg/L 14265-44-2 00671 0.01 1262 0.002 1978 0.002 I530CLD

Chlorophyll a, 

phytoplankton (μg/L) 479-61-8 70953 0.1 586 -- -- -- --

Chlorophyll a, 

phytoplankton (μg/L) 479-61-8 32210 -- -- -- -- 0.26 I250UNF

 

1: CAS (Chemical Abstracting Services) number = unique identification for each constituent 

2: Parameter Code - unique number for storage of data in database

3: Calculated as difference between total ammonia + organic nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen

4: Also known as Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN) 

5: Calculated as sum of TKN + Nitrogen as (NO2+NO3) 

 
13

EXPLANATION OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF LAKES

Following are brief, generalized explanations of some of the common measurements of 

water quality and some of the physical processes occurring in lakes that influence these 

measures of water quality. More detailed explanations of water-quality data and lake processes 

are given by Wetzel (1983), Hem (1985), and Shaw and others (1993).

Water Temperature and Thermal Stratification

Water temperature in lakes is important because of its role in stratification and because 

of the temperature dependence of many chemical reactions and life processes of aquatic 

organisms. The extent of thermal stratification in lakes depends on the interaction between the 

lake’s shape, water clarity, solar heating, and wind-driven mixing. Complete mixing of the lake is 

usually inhibited by thermal stratification in summer and by ice cover in winter. Thermal 

stratification affects water quality and the distribution of organisms in the lake. Summer thermal 

stratification can occur in any lake, but in Wisconsin it commonly occurs in lakes deeper than 

about 6 m (Shaw and others, 1993).

 

 

The density of water increases with decreasing temperature down to a temperature of 

4°C, then decreases with decreasing temperature between 4°C and the freezing point of water 

(0°C). For a brief period in the spring after the ice is out, water temperature is usually uniform 

through the entire water column and wind action causes the lake to mix completely. This 

process is known as “spring turnover.” As the lake absorbs the sun’s energy, the surface water 

becomes warmer and its density decreases, making it more resistant to complete mixing. The 

difference in density caused by different water temperatures can prevent warm and cold water 

from mixing. In most lakes, therefore, a density “barrier” forms between the warmer surface 

water (epilimnion) and the underlying colder water (hypolimnion). This barrier is often marked by 

a sharp temperature gradient known as the “thermocline (metalimnion).” During the stratified 

summer period, these three distinct layers of lake water are often present. As the temperature 

difference between surface and deep water increases, this “stratified” condition stabilizes and 

can persist until surface temperatures decrease in the fall, which decreases the stability of the 

stratification. The mixing of the lake water in the fall is known as “fall turnover.” 
14

Thermal stratification may also occur under ice cover in the winter. In the winter, the 

coldest water (near 0°C) under the ice at the surface of the lake is less dense than water deeper 

in the lake with warmer temperatures.

Specific Conductance

Specific conductance is a measure of the ability of water to conduct an electrical current 

and is an indicator of the concentration of dissolved solids in the water. Because conductance is 

temperature related, reported values are normalized at 25°C and are termed specific 

conductance. As the concentration of dissolved minerals increases, specific conductance 

increases. During winter and summer thermal stratification, concentrations of dissolved 

constituents near the lake bottom increase due to the decomposition of materials settling from 

the epilimnion, or release of dissolved materials (such as iron, manganese, and phosphorus) 

from the bottom sediments during anoxic periods. Therefore, differences in specific 

conductance with depth indicate differences in concentrations of dissolved solids.

Water Clarity

Water clarity, or transparency, is commonly measured using a Secchi disc. The range of 

depths within which photosynthetic activity occurs depends largely on depth of light penetration, 

which is influenced by water clarity. A Secchi disc, most commonly a 20-cm.-diameter disc with 

alternating black-and-white quadrants, is lowered to a depth at which it is no longer visible. This 

depth is referred to as the Secchi depth. Clarity can be reduced by algae, zooplankton, water 

color, and suspended sediment. Algae are often the most dominant influence on clarity in lakes 

and, therefore, Secchi depth is usually correlated with the algal abundance. Secchi depths are 

generally the least during summer when algal populations are largest.

pH

The pH is a measure of the acidity of the water. It is defined as the negative logarithm of 

hydrogen-ion concentration and varies over a 14-unit log scale, with a pH of 7 being neutral. 

Values less than 7 indicate acidic conditions; the lower the value, the stronger the acidity. 

Values greater than 7 indicate alkaline conditions. The pH of water is influenced in part by 

photosynthesis and respiration of planktonic algae and aquatic plants. It is important because it 

affects the solubility of many chemical constituents, and because aquatic organisms have 
15

limited pH tolerances. Planktonic algae and aquatic plants produce oxygen and consume 

carbon dioxide as they photosynthesize during daytime; they consume oxygen and produce 

carbon dioxide when they respire at night. Carbon dioxide combines with the water molecule to 

form carbonic acid; therefore respiration causes a decrease in pH at night and photosynthesis 

during the day causes an increase in pH. The result is a daily cycle in pH. Because 

phytoplankton are usually concentrated in the near-surface water, changes in pH in the 

epilimnion are more extreme than in the hypolimnion, where less photosynthesis usually occurs.

Lakes having good fish populations and productivity generally have a pH between 6.7 

and 8.2. Values of pH greater than 8.5 have been shown to cause the release of phosphorus 

from lake sediments (James and Barko, 1991). 

Dissolved Oxygen

Dissolved oxygen is one of the most critical factors affecting a lake ecosystem because 

it is essential to most aquatic organisms, and it is involved in many chemical reactions. Very 

low dissolved oxygen concentrations can control some types of chemical reactions. The 

solubility of oxygen in water is inversely related to temperature–that is, oxygen solubility 

decreases as water temperature increases. This relation is important because at warmer 

temperatures the metabolic rate of organisms increases but less oxygen is available for 

respiration. The primary sources of dissolved oxygen are from the air and from photosynthesis. 

The minimum dissolved oxygen concentration specified in national water-quality criteria for early 

life stages of warmwater aquatic life is 5.0 mg/L (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1986).

In early summer, if thermal stratification develops, the metalimnion restricts the surface 

supply of dissolved oxygen to the hypolimnion. The hypolimnion can become isolated from the 

atmosphere. Thus, as summer progresses, the dissolved oxygen concentration can decrease in 

response to decomposition of dead algae that settle from the epilimnion and in response to the 

biological and chemical oxygen demand of the sediments. The oxygen demand from these 

processes may completely deplete the oxygen (anoxia) in the water near the lake bottom. The 

oxygen depletion then progresses upward but usually is confined to the hypolimnion. 

Anoxia in the hypolimnion is common in stratified eutrophic (nutrient-rich) lakes in 

Wisconsin. Complete anoxia, however, is often not detected because of meter constraints. 

During anoxic conditions, many aquatic organisms cannot survive, but many other species 
16

(primarily bacteria) actually function only in such conditions. Therefore, a shift from oxic to 

anoxic conditions produces a rapid and dramatic change in the biological community and 

chemical environment. Anoxia also can cause release of phosphorus from the bottom 

sediments. This phosphorus then mixes throughout the water column during spring and fall 

turnover.

Phosphorus

Phosphorus is one of the essential nutrients for plant growth. High phosphorus 

concentrations can cause dense algal populations (blooms) and can therefore be a major cause 

of eutrophication in lakes. When phosphorus concentrations exceed 0.025 mg/L at the time of 

spring overturn in lakes and reservoirs, these water bodies may occasionally experience excess 

or nuisance growth of algae or other aquatic plants (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 

1986). In many regions of the country, including the upper Midwest, other nutrients, particularly 

nitrogen, tend to be in abundant supply. Phosphorus is often the nutrient in shortest supply, 

therefore limiting or controlling plant growth. About 90 percent of the lakes in Wisconsin are 

limited by phosphorus (Shaw and others, 1993). In water, dissolved orthophosphate is that part 

of total phosphorus that is most readily available for use by algae.

Internal phosphorus recycling occurs in many lakes. Phosphorus used by algae, aquatic 

plants, fish, and zooplankton is stored within these organisms. As these organisms die and 

decompose, this phosphorus is returned to the lake water and sediments. Anoxia in the 

hypolimnion makes phosphorus more soluble, adding further to the release of phosphorus from 

the falling particles and the lake sediments. During spring and fall turnover the phosphorus, 

which was released from the bottom sediments into the hypolimnion during anoxia, is mixed 

throughout the lake. The phosphorus is then available for algal growth. These phenomena are 

part of the internal-recycling processes of lakes.

Nitrogen

Nitrogen, like phosphorus, is an essential nutrient for plant and algal growth. Usually in 

Wisconsin lakes, nitrogen is in abundant supply from the atmosphere and other sources. If 

phosphorus is abundant relative to algal needs, nitrogen can become the limiting nutrient. In 

that case, algal blooms are more likely to be triggered by increases in nitrogen than by 

increases in phosphorus. Some bluegreen algal species can fix nitrogen from the atmosphere 
17

(Wetzel, 1983). Therefore, in situations where other types of algae are excluded because of a 

shortage of nitrogen, the nitrogen-fixing bluegreen algae have a competitive advantage and may 

be present in abundance.

Lakes with a nitrogen to phosphorus ratio larger than 15 to 1 near the surface may 

generally be considered phosphorus limited; a ratio from 10 to 1 to 15 to 1 indicates a transition 

situation; and a ratio smaller than 10 to 1 generally indicates nitrogen limitation. Total nitrogen is 

the sum of ammonia, organic nitrogen, and nitrate-plus-nitrite nitrogen. The near-surface 

concentration is commonly used to compute the total nitrogen to phosphorus ratio because 

most algal species grow near the lake surface.

Chlorophyll a

Chlorophyll a is a photosynthetic pigment found in algae (Wetzel, 1983) and other green 

plants. Its concentration, therefore, is commonly used as a measure of the density of the algal 

population in a lake. Chlorophyll a concentrations are generally highest during summer when 

algal populations are highest. Moderate populations of desirable algae are important in the food 

chain; however, excessive populations or algal blooms are undesirable. Algal blooms can cause 

taste and odor problems, and limit light penetration needed to support growth of submerged 

aquatic plants. Certain species of bluegreen algae can produce toxins (Rapavich and others, 

1987).

CLASSIFICATION OF LAKES

Two methods are commonly used to classify and evaluate Wisconsin lakes according to 

their water quality or trophic state: Lillie and Mason’s (1983) water-quality index and Carlson’s 

(1977) trophic state index (TSI). In previous USGS data reports, a modification of Carlson’s 

trophic state index for Wisconsin lakes by Lillie and others (1993) had been used; however, this 

approach did not properly classify oligotrophic and highly euthrophic lakes and, therefore, was 

discontinued. 
18

Lillie and Mason’s (1983) water quality indices for Wisconsin lakes were developed 

based on summer measurements of total phosphorus and chlorophyll a concentrations, and 

Secchi depth from a random set of lakes in Wisconsin. These data were used to classify the 

lakes’s water quality as shown below:

Water-quality index Total phosphorus 

range (mg/L)

Chlorophyll a range 

(μg/L)

Water clarity range 

(Secchi depth, in 

meters)

“Excellent” <0.001 <1.0 >6.0

“Very good” .001-.009 1.0-4.9 3.0-6.0

“Good” .010-.029 5.0-9.9 2.0-2.9

“Fair” .030-.049 10.0-14.9 1.5-1.9

“Poor” .050-.149 15.0-30.0 1.0-1.4

“Very poor” >.150 >30.0 <1.0

Carlson’s (1977) TSI approach to lake classification assigns numerical ranges to the 

three trophic conditions generally used to describe the wide range of lake water-quality 

conditions. Oligotrophic lakes are typically clear, algal populations and phosphorus 

concentrations are low, and the deepest water is likely to contain oxygen throughout the year. 

Mesotrophic lakes typically have a moderate supply of nutrients, experience moderate algal 

blooms, and have occasional oxygen depletions at depth. Eutrophic lakes are nutrient rich with 

relatively severe water-quality problems, such as frequent seasonal algal blooms, oxygen 

depletion in lower parts of the lakes, and poor clarity. When eutrophic conditions are very 

severe, the lake is considered hypereutrophic. 

Carlson’s (1977) TSI values are also based on near-surface total phosphorus and 

chlorophyll a concentrations, and Secchi depths. The indices were developed to place these 

three characteristics on similar scales to allow comparison of different lakes. TSI values based 

on phosphorus concentrations (TSIP), Secchi depths (TSISD), and chlorophyll a concentrations 

(TSIC) typically are computed only for measurements collected during the open-water period.
19

TSI values for a lake can be calculated using the following equations (Carlson, 1977):

TSIP = 4.15 + 14.42 x (ln [total phosphorus concentration x 1,000])

TSISD = 60.0 – 14.41 x (ln Secchi depth)

TSIC = 30.6 + 9.81 x (ln chlorophyll a concentration)

where: total phosphorus is in milligrams per liter, 

Secchi depth is in meters, and

chlorophyll a is in micrograms per liter.

The three main trophic conditions (Carlson, 1977) are defined with the following 

boundaries for total phosphorus, Secchi disc, and chlorophyll a: 

Trophic level Trophic State 

Index

Total phosphorus 

(mg/L) Secchi depth (m)

Chlorophyll a

(μg/L)

Eutrophic

----------------------- ---------50---------- -------0.024-------- ---------2.0--------- ---------7.2---------

Mesotrophic

----------------------- ---------40---------- -------0.012-------- ---------4.0--------- ---------2.6---------

Oligotrophic
20

REFERENCES CITED

Carlson, R.E., 1977, A trophic state index for lakes: Limnology and Oceanography, March, v.

22, no. 2, p. 361-369.

Fishman, M.J., ed., 1993, Methods of analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water

Quality Laboratory–Determination of inorganic and organic constituents in water and

fluvial sediments: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-125, 217 p.

Fishman, M.J., and Friedman, L.C., eds., 1989, Methods for determination of inorganic

substances in water and fluvial sediments (3rd ed.): U.S. Geological Survey Techniques

of Water-Resources Investigations, book 5, chap. A1, 545 p.

Hem, J.D., 1985, Study and interpretation of the chemical characteristics of natural water (3rd

ed.): U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 2254, 263 p.

James, W.F., and Barko, J.W., 1991, Littoral-pelagic phosphorus dynamics during nighttime

convective circulation: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 36, no. 5, p. 946-960.

Lillie, R.A., Graham, S., and Rasmussen, P., 1993, Trophic-State Index equations and regional

predictive equations for Wisconsin lakes: Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources

Research Management Findings No. 35, 4 p.

Lillie, R.A., and Mason, J.W., 1983, Limnological characteristics of Wisconsin lakes: Wisconsin

Department of Natural Resources Technical Bulletin No. 138, 116 p.

Rantz, S.E., and others, 1982, Measurement and computation of streamflow: U.S. Geological

Survey Water-Supply Paper 2175, 631 p.

Rapavich, W.M., Sonzogni, W.C., Standridge, J.H., Vennie J.G., and Wedepohl, R.E., 1987,

Incidence of algal toxins in Wisconsin water experiencing blue-green algae blooms: 

Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene and Wisconsin Department of Natural

Resources, Informational Paper, 8 p.
21

Shaw, B., Mechenich, C., and Klessig, L., 1993, Understanding Lake Data: University of

Wisconsin Extension, G3582: Madison, Wis., 19 p.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1986, Quality Criteria for Water 1986: U.S.

Environmental Protection Agency publication, EPA 440/5-86-001 [variously paged].

Wershaw, R.L., Fishman, M.J., Grabbe, R.R., and Lowe, L.E., eds., 1987, Methods for the

determination of organic substances in water and fluvial sediments: U.S. Geological

Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations, book 5, chap. A3, 80 p.

Wetzel, R.G., 1983, Limnology (2nd ed.): New York, W.B. Saunders, 767 p.

Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, 1992, Wisconsin water quality assessment– 

Report to Congress, 1992: Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources Publ-WR254- 

92-REV, 220 p.

Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, Environmental Sciences Section, 1993, Manual of

analytical methods, inorganic chemistry unit: Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene,

revised November 1993 [variously paged].
22

LAKE DATA

Remarks codes and symbols used in the following tables:

[<, less than; >, greater than; --, not available; E, estimated]
23

455638089034501 ANVIL LAKE, DEEP HOLE, NEAR EAGLE RIVER, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 45°56'38", long 89°03'45", in SW 1⁄4 sec.13, T.40 N., R.11 E., Vilas County, Hydrologic Unit 07070001, near Eagle River. 

SURFACE AREA.—0.62 mi2

. 

PERIOD OF RECORD.—May 2012 to August 2012. 

REMARKS.--Lake sampled at the deep hole at a depth of 9 m. Water-quality analyses by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene. A “*” indicates data that were 

collected by a Citizen Lake Monitoring Volunteer.

WATER-QUALITY DATA, MARCH 13 TO SEPTEMBER 25, 2012 

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated) 

 Specif- Chloro- Ortho- Ammonia Ammonia

 ic pH, phyll a Phos- phos- Total + + 

 Trans- conduc- water, trichro phorus, phate, nitro- Ammonia org-N, org-N,

 parency Sam- Temper- tance, unfltrd Dis- -matic water, water, gen, water, water, water,

 Secchi pling ature, wat unf field, solved method, unfltrd fltrd, water, fltrd, fltrd, unfltrd

 Date disc, depth, water, uS/cm @ std oxygen, uncorr, mg/L mg/L unfltrd mg/L mg/L mg/L 

 meters meters deg C 25 degC units mg/L ug/L as P as P mg/L as N as N as N 

 (00078) (00098) (00010) (00095) (00400) (00300) (32210) (00665) (00671) (00600) (00608) (00623) (00625)

 

MAR 2012 

 *13... -- .50 -- -- -- -- 1.01 .008 -- -- -- -- -- 

 *13... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- .011 -- -- -- -- -- 

 26... 3.10 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 26... -- .50 6.8 38 7.1 9.3 2.47 .019 <.002 .36 <.015 -- .24 

APR 

 *05... 4.30 -- -- -- -- -- -- .008 -- -- -- -- --

 *17... 3.10 .50 -- -- -- -- -- .021 -- -- -- -- -- 

 *17... -- 8.5 -- -- -- -- -- .019 -- -- -- -- -- 

MAY 

 *01... 4.30 .50 -- -- -- -- 3.23 .015 -- -- -- -- -- 

 *11... 3.70 .50 -- -- -- -- 2.85 .013 -- -- -- -- -- 

 *19... 4.30 .50 -- -- -- -- 2.10 .013 -- -- -- -- -- 

 22... 3.40 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 22... -- .50 17.8 38 8.0 9.3 2.06 .022 -- -- -- -- -- 

 22... -- 8.5 13.1 42 6.4 2.8 -- .026 -- -- -- -- -- 

 *23... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- .019 -- -- -- -- -- 

 *29... 2.90 -- -- -- -- -- 3.23 -- -- -- -- -- -- 

JUN 

 *03... 3.70 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 *04... 3.20 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 *15... 3.20 -- -- -- -- -- 4.37 .017 -- -- -- -- -- 

 18... 3.50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 18... -- .50 -- -- -- -- 5.77 .024 -- -- -- -- -- 

 18... -- 8.5 -- -- -- -- -- .023 -- -- -- -- -- 

 *25... 3.51 .50 -- -- -- -- 3.38 -- -- -- -- -- -- 
24

 

455638089034501 ANVIL LAKE, DEEP HOLE, NEAR EAGLE RIVER, WI

WATER-QUALITY DATA, MARCH 13 TO SEPTEMBER 25, 2012 

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

 Specif- Chloro- Ortho- Ammonia Ammonia

 ic pH, phyll a Phos- phos- Total + + 

 Trans- conduc- water, trichro phorus, phate, nitro- Ammonia org-N, org-N,

 parency Sam- Temper- tance, unfltrd Dis- -matic water, water, gen, water, water, water,

 Secchi pling ature, wat unf field, solved method, unfltrd fltrd, water, fltrd, fltrd, unfltrd

 Date disc, depth, water, uS/cm @ std oxygen, uncorr, mg/L mg/L unfltrd mg/L mg/L mg/L 

 meters meters deg C 25 degC units mg/L ug/L as P as P mg/L as N as N as N 

 (00078) (00098) (00010) (00095) (00400) (00300) (32210) (00665) (00671) (00600) (00608) (00623) (00625)

JUL 

 *03... 3.43 .50 -- -- -- -- 2.82 -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 *08... 3.66 .50 -- -- -- -- 2.86 -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 17... 3.95 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 17... -- .50 26.3 40 8.8 8.2 5.10 .024 .007 <.30 <.015 .37 .28 

 17... -- 8.0 -- -- -- -- -- .028 -- -- -- -- -- 

 *19... 3.20 .50 -- -- -- -- 3.89 .011 -- -- -- -- -- 

 *24... 3.96 .50 -- -- -- -- 4.07 .010 -- -- -- -- -- 

 *31... 2.74 .50 -- -- -- -- -- .012 -- -- -- -- -- 

AUG 

 *12... 2.59 -- -- -- -- -- -- .013 -- -- -- -- --

 *13... -- -- -- -- -- -- 7.73 .012 -- -- -- -- -- 

 14... 2.40 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 14... -- 8.0 -- -- -- -- -- .017 -- -- -- -- -- 

 14... -- 4.0 -- -- -- -- -- .013 -- -- -- -- -- 

 14... -- 5.0 -- -- -- -- -- .016 -- -- -- -- -- 

 *19... 2.16 -- -- -- -- -- 5.17 -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 *30... 1.83 -- -- -- -- -- 14.1 -- -- -- -- -- -- 

SEP 

 *09... 1.68 -- -- -- -- -- 9.23 .021 -- -- -- -- -- 

 18... 1.80 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 18... -- .50 -- -- -- -- 27.9 .021 -- -- -- -- -- 

 *18... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- .021 -- -- -- -- -- 

 *25... 1.75 -- -- -- -- -- 8.46 .021 -- -- -- -- -- 
25

455638089034501 ANVIL LAKE, DEEP HOLE, NEAR EAGLE RIVER, WI

WATER-QUALITY DATA, MARCH 13 TO SEPTEMBER 25, 2012 

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

 Nitrate Turbdty Appar- ANC, 

 + white ent wat unf 

 nitrite light, color, Hard- Magnes- Potas- fixed Chlor- Silica, 

 water, det ang water, ness, Calcium ium, Sodium, sium, end pt, ide, Sulfate water, Iron, 

 fltrd, 90+/-30 unfltrd water, water, water, water, water, lab, water, water, fltrd, water,

 Date mg/L degrees Pt-Co mg/L as fltrd, fltrd, fltrd, fltrd, mg/L as fltrd, fltrd, mg/L as fltrd,

 as N NTU units CaCO3 mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L CaCO3 mg/L mg/L SiO2 ug/L 

 (00631) (63675) (00081) (00900) (00915) (00925) (00930) (00935) (00417) (00940) (00945) (00955) (01046)

 

MAR 2012 

 *13... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 *13... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 26... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 26... .125 2.3 <5 15.6 3.60 1.60 1.50 .30 16 1.1 <4.5 .472 <100 

JUL 

 *03... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 *08... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 17... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 17... <.019 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 17... <.019 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 17... <.019 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 17... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 17... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 17... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 *19... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 *24... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 *31... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 Dis- 

 solved

 Manga- solids

 nese, dried @

 water, 180degC

 Date fltrd, wat flt

 ug/L mg/L 

 (01056) (70300)

 

MAR 2012 

 *13... -- -- 

 *13... -- -- 

 26... -- -- 

 26... <1.0 <50 
26

455638089034501 ANVIL LAKE, DEEP HOLE, NEAR EAGLE RIVER, WI

LAKE-DEPTH PROFILES, MARCH 26 TO JUNE 18, 2012

0 10 20 30

10

8

6

4

2

0

0 10 20

DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

0 10 20 30

10

8

6

4

2

0

0 10 20

0 10 20 30

10

8

6

4

2

0

0 10 20

SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELSIUS

03-26-12 04-17-12

25 30 35 40 45 50

10

8

6

4

2

0

6 7 8 9 10

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS

25 30 35 40 45 50

10

8

6

4

2

0

6 7 8 9 10

25 30 35 40 45 50

10

8

6

4

2

0

6 7 8 9 10

0 10 20 30

10

8

6

4

2

0

0 10 20

05-22-12 06-18-12

25 30 35 40 45 50

10

8

6

4

2

0

6 7 8 9 10

WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELSIUS

W.T.

D.O.

S.C.

pH

DEPTH, IN METERS DEPTH, IN METERS
27

455638089034501 ANVIL LAKE, DEEP HOLE, NEAR EAGLE RIVER, WI

LAKE-DEPTH PROFILES, JULY 17 TO SEPTEMBER 18, 2012

0 10 20 30

10

8

6

4

2

0

0 10 20

SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELSIUS

07-17-12

25 30 35 40 45 50

10

8

6

4

2

0

6 7 8 9 10

25 30 35 40 45 50

10

8

6

4

2

0

6 7 8 9 10

25 30 35 40 45 50

10

8

6

4

2

0

6 7 8 9 10

WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELSIUS

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS

0 10 20 30

10

8

6

4

2

0

0 10 20

09-18-12

W.T.

D.O.

S.C.

pH

0 10 20 30

10

8

6

4

2

0

0 10 20

DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

08-14-12

DEPTH, IN METERS DEPTH, IN METERS
28

424840088241600 LAKE BEULAH AT DEEP HOLE NEAR EAST TROY, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 42°48'40", long 88°24'16", in SW 1⁄4 NW 1⁄4 NW 1⁄4 sec.17, T.4 N., R.18 E., Walworth County, Hydrologic Unit 07120006, near East Troy. 

SURFACE AREA.--1.30 mi2

. 

PERIOD OF RECORD.--August 2007 to August 2012. 

REMARKS.--Lake sampled at the deep hole at a depth of 19 m. Water-quality analyses by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene.

WATER-QUALITY DATA, MAY 23 TO AUGUST 29, 2012 

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

 

 Specif- Chloro- Ortho- Ammonia Nitrate

 ic pH, phyll a Phos- phos- Total + + 

 Trans- conduc- water, trichro phorus, phate, nitro- Ammonia org-N, nitrite

 parency Sam- Temper- tance, unfltrd Dis- -matic water, water, gen, water, water, water,

 Secchi pling ature, wat unf field, solved method, unfltrd fltrd, water, fltrd, unfltrd fltrd,

 Date disc, depth, water, uS/cm @ std oxygen, uncorr, mg/L mg/L unfltrd mg/L mg/L mg/L 

 meters meters deg C 25 degC units mg/L ug/L as P as P mg/L as N as N as N 

 (00078) (00098) (00010) (00095) (00400) (00300) (32210) (00665) (00671) (00600) (00608) (00625) (00631)

 

MAY 2012 

 23... 5.45 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 23... -- .50 20.9 526 8.4 11.4 5.17 .013 <.002 .70 .031 .30 .400 

AUG 

 29... 2.35 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 29... -- 2.0 24.7 499 8.4 9.7 6.11 .016 <.002 <.48 <.015 .46 <.019 

 29... -- 8.0 16.7 551 7.6 3.1 -- .013 <.002 1.0 .188 .62 .379 

 29... -- 14.0 7.5 566 8.0 .1 -- .019 <.002 .88 .255 .49 .392 

 29... -- 17.0 6.6 577 7.7 0.0 -- .041 .002 1.3 .584 1.3 .030 

 29... -- 18.0 6.3 595 7.5 0.0 -- .034 <.002 1.8 1.26 1.8 .022 
29

424840088241600 LAKE BEULAH AT DEEP HOLE NEAR EAST TROY, WI

WATER-QUALITY DATA, MAY 23 TO AUGUST 29, 2012

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

 Turbdty ANC, Dis- 

 white wat unf solved

 light, Hard- Magnes- Potas- fixed Chlor- Silica, Manga- solids

 det ang ness, Calcium ium, Sodium, sium, end pt, ide, Sulfate water, Iron, nese, dried @

 90+/-30 water, water, water, water, water, lab, water, water, fltrd, water, water, 180degC

 Date degrees mg/L as fltrd, fltrd, fltrd, fltrd, mg/L as fltrd, fltrd, mg/L as fltrd, fltrd, wat flt

 NTU CaCO3 mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L CaCO3 mg/L mg/L SiO2 ug/L ug/L mg/L 

 (63675) (00900) (00915) (00925) (00930) (00935) (00417) (00940) (00945) (00955) (01046) (01056) (70300)

 

MAY 2012 

 23... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 23... <1.0 264 49.3 34.3 10.7 2.20 220 25.1 30.4 6.38 <100 <1.0 296 

AUG 

 29... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 29... <1.0 248 36.6 38.1 12.1 1.80 205 27.1 32.5 14.5 <100 <1.0 278 

 29... <1.0 287 54.7 36.5 10.7 1.90 240 24.7 31.5 9.61 <100 <1.0 304 

 29... <1.0 288 57.4 35.2 10.8 1.90 250 24.7 31.1 16.0 <100 130 322 

 29... <1.0 282 56.5 34.3 10.9 1.80 255 24.8 30.9 17.8 <100 250 324 

 29... <1.0 300 60.4 36.2 10.5 2.00 264 25.0 27.4 20.7 <100 430 336 
30

424840088241600 LAKE BEULAH AT DEEP HOLE NEAR EAST TROY, WI

LAKE-DEPTH PROFILES, MAY 23 TO AUGUST 29, 2012

0 10 20 30

20

16

12

8

4

0

0 10 20

05-23-12

DEPTH, IN METERS 400 500 600

20

16

12

8

4

0

6 7 8 9 10

DEPTH, IN METERS

400 500 600

20

16

12

8

4

0

6 7 8 9 10

0 10 20 30

20

16

12

8

4

0

0 10 20

08-29-12

W.T.

D.O.

S.C.

pH

SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELSIUS

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS

WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELSIUS

DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER
31

 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 20

30

40

50

60

70

Total Phosphorus

Chlorophyll a

Secchi depth

Eutrophic

 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 0.000

0.005

0.010

0.015

0.020

CHLOROPHYLL a CONCENTRATION, IN MICROGRAMS PER LITER SECCHI DEPTH, IN METERS TROPHIC STATE INDEX

August surface total phosphorus, chlorophyll a concentrations, Secchi depths,

and TSI data for Lake Beulah, Deep Hole, near East Troy, Wisconsin.

Mesotrophic

TOTAL PHOSPHORUS CONCENTRATION, IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

Oligotrophic
32

424929088231300 LAKE BEULAH STATION 2 NEAR EAST TROY, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 42°49'29", long 88°23'13", in SE 1⁄4 NE 1⁄4 NE 1⁄4 sec.8, T.4 N., R.18 E., Walworth County, Hydrologic Unit 07120006, near East Troy.

SURFACE AREA.--1.30 mi2

. 

PERIOD OF RECORD.--August 2007 to August 2012. 

REMARKS.--Lake sampled at a depth of 15 m. Water-quality analyses by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene.

WATER-QUALITY DATA, MAY 23 TO AUGUST 29, 2012

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

 Specif- Chloro- Ortho- Ammonia Nitrate

 ic pH, phyll a Phos- phos- Total + + 

 Trans- conduc- water, trichro phorus, phate, nitro- Ammonia org-N, nitrite

 parency Sam- Temper- tance, unfltrd Dis- -matic water, water, gen, water, water, water,

 Secchi pling ature, wat unf field, solved method, unfltrd fltrd, water, fltrd, unfltrd fltrd,

 Date disc, depth, water, uS/cm @ std oxygen, uncorr, mg/L mg/L unfltrd mg/L mg/L mg/L 

 meters meters deg C 25 degC units mg/L ug/L as P as P mg/L as N as N as N 

 (00078) (00098) (00010) (00095) (00400) (00300) (32210) (00665) (00671) (00600) (00608) (00625) (00631)

 

MAY 2012 

 23... 7.35 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 23... -- .50 21.4 468 8.5 10.5 4.74 .015 <.002 .44 .021 .42 .021 

AUG 

 29... 3.25 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 29... -- 2.0 25.0 456 8.5 9.4 5.03 .015 <.002 <.65 <.015 .63 <.019 

 29... -- 9.0 14.2 484 7.8 3.3 -- .012 -- -- -- -- -- 

 29... -- 12.0 8.5 505 7.6 .3 -- .020 -- -- -- -- -- 

 29... -- 14.0 7.2 516 7.4 .1 -- .045 -- -- -- -- -- 

 29... -- 15.0 6.9 529 7.2 .1 -- .047 <.002 <1.8 1.37 1.8 <.019 
33 

424929088231300 LAKE BEULAH STATION 2 NEAR EAST TROY, WI

WATER-QUALITY DATA, MAY 23 TO AUGUST 29, 2012

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

 Turbdty ANC, Dis- 

 white wat unf solved

 light, Hard- Magnes- Potas- fixed Chlor- Silica, Manga- solids

 det ang ness, Calcium ium, Sodium, sium, end pt, ide, Sulfate water, Iron, nese, dried @

 90+/-30 water, water, water, water, water, lab, water, water, fltrd, water, water, 180degC

 Date degrees mg/L as fltrd, fltrd, fltrd, fltrd, mg/L as fltrd, fltrd, mg/L as fltrd, fltrd, wat flt

 NTU CaCO3 mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L CaCO3 mg/L mg/L SiO2 ug/L ug/L mg/L 

 (63675) (00900) (00915) (00925) (00930) (00935) (00417) (00940) (00945) (00955) (01046) (01056) (70300)

 

MAY 2012 

 23... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 23... <1.0 223 34.8 33.0 11.4 2.20 182 26.5 27.2 6.70 <100 <1.0 260 

AUG 

 29... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 29... <1.0 226 28.6 37.5 12.3 2.00 182 28.2 29.9 13.1 <100 <1.0 250 

 29... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 29... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 29... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 29... <1.0 238 42.9 31.9 11.3 1.80 228 28.4 19.8 19.0 <100 260 298 

 
34

424929088231300 LAKE BEULAH STATION 2 NEAR EAST TROY, WI

LAKE-DEPTH PROFILES, MAY 23 TO AUGUST 29, 2012

0 10 20 30

16

12

8

4

0

0 10 20

05-23-12

DEPTH, IN METERS 400 500 600

16

12

8

4

0

6 7 8 9 10

DEPTH, IN METERS

400 500 600

16

12

8

4

0

6 7 8 9 10

0 10 20 30

16

12

8

4

0

0 10 20

08-29-12

W.T. D.O.

S.C.

pH

SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELSIUS

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS

WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELSIUS

DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER
35

 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 20

30

40

50

60

70

Total Phosphorus

Chlorophyll a

Secchi depth

Eutrophic

 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 0.000

0.005

0.010

0.015

0.020

CHLOROPHYLL a CONCENTRATION, IN MICROGRAMS PER LITER SECCHI DEPTH, IN METERS TROPHIC STATE INDEX

August surface total phosphorus, chlorophyll a concentrations, Secchi depths,

and TSI data for Lake Beulah, Station 2, near East Troy, Wisconsin.

Mesotrophic

TOTAL PHOSPHORUS CONCENTRATION, IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

Oligotrophic
36

432409088151600 BIG CEDAR LAKE, NORTH SITE, NEAR WEST BEND, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 43°24'09", long 88°15'16", in NE 1⁄4 SW 1⁄4 sec. 20, T.11 N., R.19 E., Washington County, Hydrologic Unit 04040003, near West Bend.

SURFACE AREA.--1.46 mi2

. 

PERIOD OF RECORD.--February 2000 to current year.

REMARKS.--Lake sampled on north side at a depth of 12 m. The lake was not sampled during winter ice cover because of unsafe winter conditions. Water-quality 

analyses by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene.

WATER-QUALITY DATA, MAY 4 TO SEPTEMBER 20, 2012

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated) 

 

 Specif- Chloro- 

 ic pH, phyll a Phos- 

 Trans- conduc- water, trichro phorus,

 parency Sam- Temper- tance, unfltrd Dis- -matic water,

 Secchi pling ature, wat unf field, solved method, unfltrd

 Date disc, depth, water, uS/cm @ std oxygen, uncorr, mg/L 

 meters meters deg C 25 degC units mg/L ug/L as P 

 (00078) (00098) (00010) (00095) (00400) (00300) (32210) (00665)

 

JUN 2012 

 21... 4.05 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 21... -- .50 25.6 557 8.6 8.2 4.54 .020 

 21... -- 10.0 13.3 575 7.4 .3 -- .021 

JUL 

 26... 2.55 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 26... -- .50 27.4 630 8.7 8.5 5.08 .016 

 26... -- 10.5 13.9 674 8.2 .1 -- .038 

AUG 

 24... 2.95 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 24... -- .50 23.2 543 8.7 8.8 4.16 .016 

 24... -- 10.5 13.6 627 7.1 .2 -- .040 

SEP 

 20... 2.85 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 20... -- .50 17.4 555 8.5 8.6 3.97 .014 

 20... -- 11.0 16.8 553 8.5 8.3 -- .015 

 
37

432409088151600 BIG CEDAR LAKE, NORTH SITE, NEAR WEST BEND, WI

LAKE-DEPTH PROFILES, JUNE 21 TO SEPTEMBER 20, 2012

0 10 20 30

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

0 10 20

SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELSIUS

06-21-12 07-26-12

500 600 700 800 900

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

6 7 8 9 10

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS

450 500 550 600

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

6 7 8 9 10

500 600 700 800 900

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

6 7 8 9 10

0 10 20 30

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

0 10 20

DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

0 10 20 30

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

0 10 20

0 10 20 30

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

0 10 20

08-24-12 09-20-12

500 600 700 800 900

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

6 7 8 9 10

WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELSIUS

W.T.

D.O.

S.C.

pH

DEPTH, IN METERS DEPTH, IN METERS

 
38

 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 20

30

40

50

60

70

Total Phosphorus

Chlorophyll a

Secchi depth

Eutrophic

 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 12

10

8

6

4

2

0

 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 0

5

10

15

20

25

 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 0.00

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

0.07

CHLOROPHYLL a CONCENTRATION, IN MICROGRAMS PER LITER SECCHI DEPTH, IN METERS TROPHIC STATE INDEX

 Surface total phosphorus, chlorophyll a concentrations, Secchi depths,

and TSI data for Big Cedar Lake, North Site, near West Bend, Wisconsin.

Mesotrophic

TOTAL PHOSPHORUS CONCENTRATION, IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

Oligotrophic
39

432224088154900 BIG CEDAR LAKE, SOUTH SITE, NEAR WEST BEND, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 43°22'24", long 88°15'49", in NE 1⁄4 SE 1⁄4 sec.31, T.11 N., R.19 E., Washington County, Hydrologic Unit 04040003, near West Bend.

SURFACE AREA.--1.46 mi2

. 

PERIOD OF RECORD.--February 2000 to current year.

REMARKS.--Lake sampled on south side at deep hole. The lake was not sampled during winter ice cover because of unsafe winter conditions. Water-quality 

analyses by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene.

WATER-QUALITY DATA, MAY 4 TO SEPTEMBER 20, 2012

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

 Specif- Chloro- Ortho- Ammonia Nitrate

 ic pH, phyll a Phos- phos- Total + + 

 Trans- conduc- water, trichro phorus, phate, nitro- Ammonia org-N, nitrite

 parency Sam- Temper- tance, unfltrd Dis- -matic water, water, gen, water, water, water,

 Secchi pling ature, wat unf field, solved method, unfltrd fltrd, water, fltrd, unfltrd fltrd,

 Date disc, depth, water, uS/cm @ std oxygen, uncorr, mg/L mg/L unfltrd mg/L mg/L mg/L 

 meters meters deg C 25 degC units mg/L ug/L as P as P mg/L as N as N as N 

 (00078) (00098) (00010) (00095) (00400) (00300) (32210) (00665) (00671) (00600) (00608) (00625) (00631)

 

MAY 2012 

 04... 8.95 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 04... -- .50 12.7 548 8.2 10.9 .770 .008 <.002 .95 .057 .72 .230 

JUN 

 21... 4.25 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 21... -- .50 24.3 549 8.6 8.8 2.81 .016 -- -- -- -- -- 

 21... -- 29.0 5.5 573 7.3 .6 -- .050 -- -- -- -- -- 

JUL 

 26... 3.55 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 26... -- .50 27.0 615 8.5 8.5 2.85 .011 .004 .45 -- -- -- 

 26... -- 30.0 5.5 669 7.8 .1 -- .042 -- -- -- -- -- 

AUG 

 24... 3.05 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 24... -- .50 22.8 532 8.6 9.0 3.53 .011 -- -- -- -- -- 

 24... -- 30.0 5.5 612 7.3 .1 -- .028 -- -- -- -- -- 

SEP 

 20... 4.25 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 20... -- .50 18.4 536 8.6 8.7 3.16 .011 -- -- -- -- -- 

 20... -- 30.0 5.7 591 7.0 .2 -- .078 -- -- -- -- -- 
40

432224088154900 BIG CEDAR LAKE, SOUTH SITE, NEAR WEST BEND, WI

WATER-QUALITY DATA, MARCH 9 TO AUGUST 26, 2011

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

 Turbdty Appar- ANC, 

 white ent wat unf 

 light, color, Hard- Magnes- Potas- fixed Chlor- Silica, Manga- 

 det ang water, ness, Calcium ium, Sodium, sium, end pt, ide, Sulfate water, Iron, nese, 

 90+/-30 unfltrd water, water, water, water, water, lab, water, water, fltrd, water, water,

 Date degrees Pt-Co mg/L as fltrd, fltrd, fltrd, fltrd, mg/L as fltrd, fltrd, mg/L as fltrd, fltrd,

 NTU units CaCO3 mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L CaCO3 mg/L mg/L SiO2 ug/L ug/L 

 (63675) (00081) (00900) (00915) (00925) (00930) (00935) (00417) (00940) (00945) (00955) (01046) (01056)

 

MAY 2012 

 04... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 04... <1.0 5 230 35.4 34.3 24.2 2.10 191 52.2 21.5 2.83 <100 <1.0 

JUN 

 21... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 21... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 21... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

JUL 

 26... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 26... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

AUG 

 24... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 24... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 24... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

SEP 

 20... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 20... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 20... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 Dis- 

 solved

 solids

 dried @

 180degC

 Date wat flt

 mg/L 

 (70300)

 

MAY 2012 

 04... -- 

 04... 296 
41

432224088154900 BIG CEDAR LAKE, SOUTH SITE, NEAR WEST BEND, WI

LAKE-DEPTH PROFILES, MAY 4 TO SEPTEMBER 20, 2012

0 10 20 30

32

28

24

20

16

12

8

4

0

0 10 20

0 10 20 30

32

28

24

20

16

12

8

4

0

0 10 20

SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELSIUS

05-04-12 06-21-12

0 10 20 30

32

28

24

20

16

12

8

4

0

0 10 20

07-26-12

DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

0 10 20 30

32

28

24

20

16

12

8

4

0

0 10 20

0 10 20 30

32

28

24

20

16

12

8

4

0

0 10 20

08-24-12 09-20-12

400 500 600 700

32

28

24

20

16

12

8

4

0

6 7 8 9 10

400 500 600 700

32

28

24

20

16

12

8

4

0

6 7 8 9 10

WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELSIUS

400 500 600 700

32

28

24

20

16

12

8

4

0

6 7 8 9 10

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS

400 500 600 700

32

28

24

20

16

12

8

4

0

6 7 8 9 10

400 500 600 700

32

28

24

20

16

12

8

4

0

6 7 8 9 10

W.T.

D.O.

pH S.C.

DEPTH, IN METERS DEPTH, IN METERS
42

 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 20

30

40

50

60

70

Total Phosphorus

Chlorophyll a

Secchi depth

Eutrophic

 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 12

10

8

6

4

2

0

 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 0

5

10

15

20

25

 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 0.00

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

0.07

CHLOROPHYLL a CONCENTRATION, IN MICROGRAMS PER LITER SECCHI DEPTH, IN METERS TROPHIC STATE INDEX

Surface total phosphorus, chlorophyll a concentrations, Secchi depths, 

and TSI data for Big Cedar Lake, South Site, near West Bend, Wisconsin.

Mesotrophic

TOTAL PHOSPHORUS CONCENTRATION, IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

Oligotrophic
43

423556088365001 DELAVAN LAKE AT CENTER NEAR DELAVAN LAKE, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 42°35'56", long 88°36'50", in SE 1⁄4 SW 1⁄4 sec.28, T.2 N., R.16 E., Walworth County, Hydrologic Unit 07090001, 2.6 mi southeast of Delavan.

SURFACE AREA.--3.24 mi2

. 

DRAINAGE AREA.--41.4 mi2

, of which 2.3 mi2 is non-contributing.

PERIOD OF RECORD.--October 1983 to September 2009, October 2011 to September 2012. 

REMARKS.-- Water-quality analyses by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene.

WATER-QUALITY DATA, MARCH 15 TO SEPTEMBER 26, 2012

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

 Specif- Chloro- Ortho- Ammonia Ammonia

 ic pH, phyll a Phos- phos- Total + + 

 Trans- conduc- water, trichro phorus, phate, nitro- Ammonia org-N, org-N,

 parency Sam- Temper- tance, unfltrd Dis- -matic water, water, gen, water, water, water,

 Secchi pling ature, wat unf field, solved method, unfltrd fltrd, water, fltrd, fltrd, unfltrd

 Date disc, depth, water, uS/cm @ std oxygen, uncorr, mg/L mg/L unfltrd mg/L mg/L mg/L 

 meters meters deg C 25 degC units mg/L ug/L as P as P mg/L as N as N as N 

 (00078) (00098) (00010) (00095) (00400) (00300) (32210) (00665) (00671) (00600) (00608) (00623) (00625)

 

MAR 2012 

 15... 2.85 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 15... -- .50 5.6 563 8.2 15.1 15.4 .007 <.002 .83 .021 -- .58 

 15... -- 16.0 5.0 564 8.4 14.8 -- .029 .002 -- -- -- -- 

APR 

 11... 6.85 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 11... -- .50 10.3 568 8.0 10.7 5.10 .020 .006 .73 .045 -- .52 

 11... -- 16.0 10.1 571 8.2 10.4 -- .026 -- -- -- -- -- 

MAY 

 22... 4.40 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 22... -- .50 18.8 572 8.5 10.7 15.4 .025 <.002 .59 .016 -- .55 

 22... -- 7.0 18.0 574 8.4 9.9 -- .026 <.002 -- -- -- -- 

 22... -- 10.0 15.1 578 8.0 6.6 -- .032 .012 -- -- -- -- 

 22... -- 16.0 13.6 583 7.7 3.8 -- .072 .047 -- -- -- -- 

JUN 

 27... 3.55 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 27... -- .50 23.8 578 8.2 8.6 7.12 .025 <.002 <.69 <.015 -- .67 

 27... -- 9.0 23.5 580 8.3 7.8 -- .034 .016 -- -- -- -- 

 27... -- 14.0 15.6 595 7.4 .3 -- .317 .292 -- -- -- -- 

 27... -- 16.0 14.8 599 7.4 .2 -- .418 .418 -- -- -- -- 

JUL 

 24... 2.25 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 24... -- .50 26.8 574 8.4 8.0 8.11 .024 <.002 <.43 <.015 .59 .41 

 24... -- 8.0 26.0 577 8.3 5.3 -- .026 <.002 -- -- -- -- 

 24... -- 13.0 16.4 605 7.5 .1 -- .431 .394 -- -- -- -- 

 24... -- 15.0 15.2 619 7.5 .1 -- .512 .465 -- -- -- -- 
44

423556088365001 DELAVAN LAKE AT CENTER NEAR DELAVAN LAKE, WI

WATER-QUALITY DATA, MARCH 15 TO SEPTEMBER 26, 2012

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

 Specif- Chloro- Ortho- Ammonia Ammonia

 ic pH, phyll a Phos- phos- Total + + 

 Trans- conduc- water, trichro phorus, phate, nitro- Ammonia org-N, org-N,

 parency Sam- Temper- tance, unfltrd Dis- -matic water, water, gen, water, water, water,

 Secchi pling ature, wat unf field, solved method, unfltrd fltrd, water, fltrd, fltrd, unfltrd

 Date disc, depth, water, uS/cm @ std oxygen, uncorr, mg/L mg/L unfltrd mg/L mg/L mg/L 

 meters meters deg C 25 degC units mg/L ug/L as P as P mg/L as N as N as N 

 (00078) (00098) (00010) (00095) (00400) (00300) (32210) (00665) (00671) (00600) (00608) (00623) (00625)

AUG 

 22... 3.35 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 22... -- .50 24.0 571 8.4 9.5 8.09 .022 <.002 .57 <.015 -- -- 

 22... -- 10.0 22.8 578 7.9 3.1 -- .040 .042 -- -- -- -- 

 22... -- 11.0 20.8 595 7.5 .3 -- .132 -- -- -- -- -- 

 22... -- 12.0 18.3 605 7.4 .3 -- .263 -- -- -- -- -- 

 22... -- 13.0 16.7 616 7.2 .2 -- .468 -- -- -- -- -- 

 22... -- 14.0 16.1 618 7.2 .2 -- .461 .457 -- -- -- -- 

 22... -- 15.0 15.2 637 7.1 .1 -- .501 .439 -- -- -- -- 

 Nitrate Turbdty Appar- ANC, 

 + white ent wat unf 

 nitrite light, color, Hard- Magnes- Potas- fixed Chlor- Silica, 

 water, det ang water, ness, Calcium ium, Sodium, sium, end pt, ide, Sulfate water, Iron, 

 fltrd, 90+/-30 unfltrd water, water, water, water, water, lab, water, water, fltrd, water,

 Date mg/L degrees Pt-Co mg/L as fltrd, fltrd, fltrd, fltrd, mg/L as fltrd, fltrd, mg/L as fltrd,

 as N NTU units CaCO3 mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L CaCO3 mg/L mg/L SiO2 ug/L 

 (00631) (63675) (00081) (00900) (00915) (00925) (00930) (00935) (00417) (00940) (00945) (00955) (01046)

 

MAR 2012 

 15... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 15... .250 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 15... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

APR 

 11... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 11... .214 <1.0 5 230 40.5 31.3 29.8 2.40 188 60.4 25.2 .532 <100 

 11... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

MAY 

 22... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 22... .035 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 22... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 22... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 22... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

JUN 

 27... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 27... <.019 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 27... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 27... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 27... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 
45

423556088365001 DELAVAN LAKE AT CENTER NEAR DELAVAN LAKE, WI

WATER-QUALITY DATA, MARCH 15 TO SEPTEMBER 26, 2012

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

 Nitrate Turbdty Appar- ANC, 

 + white ent wat unf 

 nitrite light, color, Hard- Magnes- Potas- fixed Chlor- Silica, 

 water, det ang water, ness, Calcium ium, Sodium, sium, end pt, ide, Sulfate water, Iron, 

 fltrd, 90+/-30 unfltrd water, water, water, water, water, lab, water, water, fltrd, water,

 Date mg/L degrees Pt-Co mg/L as fltrd, fltrd, fltrd, fltrd, mg/L as fltrd, fltrd, mg/L as fltrd,

 as N NTU units CaCO3 mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L CaCO3 mg/L mg/L SiO2 ug/L 

 (00631) (63675) (00081) (00900) (00915) (00925) (00930) (00935) (00417) (00940) (00945) (00955) (01046)

JUL 

 24... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 24... <.019 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 24... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 24... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 24... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

AUG 

 22... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 22... <.019 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 22... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 22... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 22... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 22... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 22... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

SEP 

 26... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 26... .033 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 26... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 Dis- 

 solved

 Manga- solids

 nese, dried @

 water, 180degC

 Date fltrd, wat flt

 ug/L mg/L 

 (01056) (70300)

 

MAR 2012 

 15... -- -- 

 15... -- -- 

 15... -- -- 

APR 

 11... -- -- 

 11... <1.0 314 

 11... -- -- 
46

423556088365001 DELAVAN LAKE AT CENTER NEAR DELAVAN LAKE, WI

LAKE-DEPTH PROFILES, MARCH 15 TO JUNE 27, 2012

 

0 10 20 30

18

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

0 10 20

DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

0 10 20 30

18

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

0 10 20

0 10 20 30

18

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

0 10 20

SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELSIUS

03-15-12 04-11-12 05-22-12

0 10 20 30

18

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

0 10 20

06-27-12

400 600 800 1000

18

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

6 7 8 9 10

400 600 800 1000

18

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

6 7 8 9 10

400 600 800 1000

18

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

6 7 8 9 10

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS

W.T.

D.O.

S.C.

pH

400 600 800 1000

18

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

6 7 8 9 10

WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELSIUS

DEPTH, IN METERS DEPTH, IN METERS
47

423556088365001 DELAVAN LAKE AT CENTER NEAR DELAVAN LAKE, WI

LAKE-DEPTH PROFILES, JULY 24 TO SEPTEMBER 26, 2012

0 10 20 30

18

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

0 10 20

SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELSIUS

07-24-12

400 600 800 1000

18

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

6 7 8 9 10

400 600 800 1000

18

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

6 7 8 9 10

400 600 800 1000

18

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

6 7 8 9 10

WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELSIUS

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS

0 10 20 30

18

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

0 10 20

09-26-12

W.T.

D.O.

S.C.

pH

0 10 20 30

18

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

0 10 20

DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

08-22-12

DEPTH, IN METERS DEPTH, IN METERS
48

 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

Total Phosphorus

Chlorophyll a

Secchi depth

Eutrophic

 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 0

20

40

60

80

100

120

329

 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

0.30

CHLOROPHYLL a CONCENTRATION, IN MICROGRAMS PER LITER SECCHI DEPTH, IN METERS TROPHIC STATE INDEX

Surface total phosphorus, chlorophyll a concentrations, Secchi depths,

 and TSI data for Delavan Lake, at Center, near Delavan, Wisconsin.

Mesotrophic

TOTAL PHOSPHORUS CONCENTRATION, IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

Oligotrophic
49

423659088354401 DELAVAN LAKE, AT NORTH END, NEAR LAKE LAWN, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 42°36'59", long 88°35'44", in NW 1⁄4 SW 1⁄4 sec.22, T.2 N., R.16 E., Walworth County, Hydrologic Unit 07090001, 2.6 mi southeast of Delavan.

SURFACE AREA--3.24 mi2

. 

DRAINAGE AREA.--41.4 mi2, of which 2.3 mi2 is non-contributing.

PERIOD OF RECORD.--October 1983 to August 2009, March to September 2012. 

 

WATER-QUALITY DATA, MARCH 15 TO SEPTEMBER 26, 2012

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

 

 Specif- Chloro- 

 ic pH, phyll a Phos- 

 Trans- conduc- water, trichro phorus,

 parency Sam- Temper- tance, unfltrd Dis- -matic water,

 Secchi pling ature, wat unf field, solved method, unfltrd

 Date disc, depth, water, uS/cm @ std oxygen, uncorr, mg/L 

 meters meters deg C 25 degC units mg/L ug/L as P 

 (00078) (00098) (00010) (00095) (00400) (00300) (32210) (00665)

 

MAR 2012 

 15... 2.55 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 15... -- .50 6.8 566 8.4 -- -- .021 

APR 

 11... 6.25 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 11... -- .50 10.4 564 8.4 10.7 -- .020 

MAY 

 22... 4.55 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 22... -- .50 19.2 576 8.4 10.0 15.3 .026 

JUN 

 27... 3.50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 27... -- .50 24.3 576 8.4 9.0 11.5 .026 

JUL 

 24... 2.45 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 24... -- .50 27.1 573 8.4 8.4 12.7 .028 

AUG 

 22... 3.35 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 22... -- .50 24.2 569 8.5 9.7 7.73 .022 

SEP 

 26... 2.05 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 26... -- .50 18.1 563 8.3 10.6 40.8 .062 
50

423659088354401 DELAVAN LAKE, AT NORTH END, NEAR LAKE LAWN, WI

LAKE-DEPTH PROFILES, MARCH 15 TO JUNE 27, 2012

 

0 10 20 30

10

8

6

4

2

0

0 10 20

SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELSIUS

03-15-12 04-11-12 05-22-12

0 10 20 30

10

8

6

4

2

0

0 10 20

06-27-12

0 10 20 30

10

8

6

4

2

0

0 10 20

DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

0 10 20 30

10

8

6

4

2

0

0 10 20

400 600 800 1000

10

8

6

4

2

0

6 7 8 9 10

S.C.

400 600 800 1000

10

8

6

4

2

0

6 7 8 9 10

400 600 800 1000

10

8

6

4

2

0

6 7 8 9 10

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS

W.T.

pH

400 600 800 1000

10

8

6

4

2

0

6 7 8 9 10

WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELSIUS

DEPTH, IN METERS DEPTH, IN METERS
51

423659088354401 DELAVAN LAKE, AT NORTH END, NEAR LAKE LAWN, WI

LAKE-DEPTH PROFILES, JULY 24 TO SEPTEMBER 26, 2012

0 10 20 30

10

8

6

4

2

0

0 10 20

SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELSIUS

07-24-12

400 600 800 1000

10

8

6

4

2

0

6 7 8 9 10

400 600 800 1000

10

8

6

4

2

0

6 7 8 9 10

400 600 800 1000

10

8

6

4

2

0

6 7 8 9 10

WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELSIUS

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS

0 10 20 30

10

8

6

4

2

0

0 10 20

09-26-12

W.T.

D.O.

S.C.

pH

0 10 20 30

10

8

6

4

2

0

0 10 20

DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

08-22-12

DEPTH, IN METERS DEPTH, IN METERS
52

423526088380101 DELAVAN LAKE, AT SW END, NEAR DELAVAN LAKE, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 42°35'26", long 88°38'01", in SE 1⁄4 NW 1⁄4 sec.32, T.2 N., R.16 E., Walworth County, Hydrologic Unit 07090001, 2.6 mi southeast of Delavan.

SURFACE AREA--3.24 mi2

. 

DRAINAGE AREA.--41.4 mi2

, of which 2.3 mi2 is non-contributing.

PERIOD OF RECORD.-- October 1983 to August 2009, March to September 2012. 

 

WATER-QUALITY DATA, MARCH 15 TO SEPTEMBER 26, 2012

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

 

 Specif- Chloro- 

 ic pH, phyll a Phos- 

 Trans- conduc- water, trichro phorus,

 parency Sam- Temper- tance, unfltrd Dis- -matic water,

 Secchi pling ature, wat unf field, solved method, unfltrd

 Date disc, depth, water, uS/cm @ std oxygen, uncorr, mg/L 

 meters meters deg C 25 degC units mg/L ug/L as P 

 (00078) (00098) (00010) (00095) (00400) (00300) (32210) (00665)

 

MAR 2012 

 15... 2.75 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 15... -- .50 6.7 561 8.4 -- -- .024 

APR 

 11... 7.50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 11... -- .50 10.2 571 8.2 10.6 -- .021 

MAY 

 22... 4.55 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 22... -- .50 19.4 576 8.2 10.6 14.3 .036 

JUN 

 27... 3.55 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 27... -- .50 23.5 580 8.2 7.4 7.09 .028 

JUL 

 24... 2.48 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 24... -- .50 26.5 574 8.4 7.4 9.60 .025 

AUG 

 22... 3.25 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 22... -- .50 23.8 571 8.3 8.5 7.90 .024 

SEP 

 26... 2.35 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 26... -- .50 17.8 567 8.3 8.7 34.2 .069 

 
53

423526088380101 DELAVAN LAKE, AT SW END, NEAR DELAVAN LAKE, WI

LAKE-DEPTH PROFILES, MARCH 15 TO JUNE 27, 2012

 

0 10 20 30

10

8

6

4

2

0

0 10 20

SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELSIUS

03-15-12 04-11-12 05-22-12

0 10 20 30

10

8

6

4

2

0

0 10 20

06-27-12

0 10 20 30

10

8

6

4

2

0

0 10 20

DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

0 10 20 30

10

8

6

4

2

0

0 10 20

400 600 800 1000

10

8

6

4

2

0

6 7 8 9 10

400 600 800 1000

10

8

6

4

2

0

6 7 8 9 10

400 600 800 1000

10

8

6

4

2

0

6 7 8 9 10

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS

W.T.

pH

400 600 800 1000

10

8

6

4

2

0

6 7 8 9 10

WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELSIUS

DEPTH, IN METERS DEPTH, IN METERS

D.O.

S.C.
54

423526088380101 DELAVAN LAKE, AT SW END, NEAR DELAVAN LAKE, WI

LAKE-DEPTH PROFILES, JULY 24 TO SEPTEMBER 26, 2012

0 10 20 30

10

8

6

4

2

0

0 10 20

SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELSIUS

07-24-12

400 600 800 1000

10

8

6

4

2

0

6 7 8 9 10

400 600 800 1000

10

8

6

4

2

0

6 7 8 9 10

400 600 800 1000

10

8

6

4

2

0

6 7 8 9 10

WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELSIUS

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS

0 10 20 30

10

8

6

4

2

0

0 10 20

09-26-12

W.T.

D.O.

S.C.

pH

0 10 20 30

10

8

6

4

2

0

0 10 20

DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

08-22-12

DEPTH, IN METERS DEPTH, IN METERS
55

05404500 DEVILS LAKE NEAR BARABOO, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 43°25′35′′, long 89°43′40′′ referenced to North American Datum of 1927, in SW 1⁄4 SE 1⁄4 sec.13, T.11 N., R.6 E., Sauk 

County, WI, Hydrologic Unit 07070004, in Devils Lake State Park, 3.5 mi south of Baraboo. 

SURFACE AREA.--0.56 mi2

. 

DRAINAGE AREA.--4.79 mi2

. 

PERIOD OF RECORD.--June 1922 to August 1930, June to August 1932, June 1934 to September 1981 (fragmentary). October 1981 

to September 1984, data unpublished in district files. October 1984 to current year. 

REVISED RECORDS.--WDR WI-78-1: Drainage area. 

GAGE.--Water-stage recorder installed July 17, 1991. Datum of gage is 954.88 ft, above NAVD of 1988. 

REMARKS.--Lake has no surface outlet. Water removed from lake by bottom withdrawal pipe, October 1-7, and 10-23.

EXTREMES FOR PERIOD OF RECORD.--Maximum observed, 14.83 ft, June 12, 2008; minimum observed, 1.49 ft, Feb. 8, 1965. 

EXTREMES FOR CURRENT YEAR.--Maximum observed, 8.68 ft, May 5 and 8; minimum observed, 6.30 ft, Sept. 30.

GAGE HEIGHT, FEET

WATER YEAR OCTOBER 2011 TO SEPTEMBER 2012

DAILY MEAN VALUES

Day Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep

1 7.50 6.97 7.19 7.30 7.34 7.37 8.10 8.48 8.29 7.62 7.25 6.76

2 7.48 6.99 7.18 7.29 7.34 7.38 8.11 8.51 8.26 7.61 7.24 6.74

3 7.46 7.05 7.21 7.28 7.34 7.40 8.11 8.55 8.24 7.60 7.23 6.73

4 7.45 7.04 7.28 7.28 7.33 7.41 8.11 8.56 8.22 7.58 7.21 6.73

5 7.44 7.04 7.29 7.27 7.33 7.41 8.11 8.58 8.20 7.57 7.18 6.77

6 7.41 7.02 7.29 7.29 7.33 7.41 8.11 8.62 8.18 7.55 7.16 6.75

7 7.40 7.01 7.28 7.29 7.33 7.45 8.10 8.65 8.16 7.53 7.13 6.73

8 7.38 7.06 7.28 7.29 7.32 7.56 8.09 8.65 8.14 7.50 7.11 6.71

9 7.37 7.22 7.27 7.28 7.32 7.60 8.08 8.65 8.12 7.47 7.10 6.71

10 7.35 7.28 7.26 7.28 7.32 7.61 8.07 8.65 8.10 7.44 7.08 6.69

11 7.33 7.28 7.26 7.28 7.31 7.63 8.05 8.64 8.09 7.41 7.05 6.67

12 7.32 7.28 7.26 7.29 7.31 7.69 8.05 8.63 8.06 7.38 7.03 6.64

13 7.36 7.28 7.25 7.31 7.31 7.73 8.04 8.62 8.03 7.39 7.02 6.61

14 7.33 7.28 7.29 7.31 7.31 7.75 8.03 8.61 8.00 7.44 7.00 6.60

15 7.29 7.28 7.31 7.31 7.31 7.77 8.10 8.60 7.98 7.42 6.99 6.58

16 7.26 7.26 7.31 7.30 7.31 7.78 8.11 8.58 7.96 7.40 7.00 6.56

17 7.23 7.25 7.31 7.31 7.31 7.81 8.11 8.56 7.94 7.37 6.98 6.54

18 7.20 7.24 7.32 7.32 7.31 7.82 8.10 8.53 7.93 7.37 6.96 6.51

19 7.17 7.23 7.31 7.32 7.30 7.85 8.12 8.51 7.91 7.39 6.94 6.49

20 7.12 7.22 7.31 7.32 7.30 7.88 8.30 8.49 7.89 7.36 6.92 6.48

21 7.09 7.22 7.31 7.33 7.30 7.88 8.34 8.46 7.86 7.34 6.90 6.46

22 7.07 7.21 7.32 7.33 7.30 7.89 8.35 8.45 7.83 7.33 6.88 6.44

23 7.05 7.20 7.32 7.34 7.29 7.91 8.35 8.42 7.81 7.31 6.86 6.42

24 7.05 7.21 7.31 7.34 7.30 7.93 8.36 8.40 7.79 7.33 6.85 6.40

25 7.04 7.20 7.31 7.34 7.30 7.94 8.38 8.37 7.76 7.33 6.83 6.38

26 7.03 7.22 7.31 7.33 7.30 7.94 8.39 8.40 7.73 7.36 6.85 6.36

27 7.01 7.22 7.30 7.33 7.29 7.94 8.38 8.40 7.70 7.35 6.86 6.34

28 7.00 7.21 7.29 7.34 7.29 7.92 8.38 8.39 7.68 7.33 6.84 6.33

29 6.99 7.20 7.29 7.34 7.35 7.92 8.39 8.36 7.66 7.31 6.83 6.32

30 6.99 7.20 7.29 7.34 --- 8.03 8.46 8.32 7.64 7.29 6.81 6.31

31 6.98 --- 7.30 7.34 --- 8.08 --- 8.31 --- 7.27 6.78 ---

Mean 7.23 7.18 7.28 7.31 7.31 7.73 8.19 8.51 7.97 7.42 7.00 6.56

Max 7.50 7.28 7.32 7.34 7.35 8.08 8.46 8.65 8.29 7.62 7.25 6.77

Min 6.98 6.97 7.18 7.27 7.29 7.37 8.03 8.31 7.64 7.27 6.78 6.31
56

1935 1939 1943 1947 1951 1955 1959 1963 1967 1971 1975 1979 1983 1987 1991 1995 1999 2003 2007 2011 2015

0

5

10

15

GAGE HEIGHT, IN FEET

MIN

MAX

 

Annual minimum and maximum water levels for Devils Lake, 1936-2012.
57

423525088260400 GENEVA LAKE AT LAKE GENEVA, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 42°35′25′′, long 88°26′04′′ referenced to North American Datum of 1927, in SE 1⁄4 NW 1⁄4 sec.36, T.2 N., R.17 E., 

Walworth County, WI, Hydrologic Unit 07120006, at Geneva Lake dam at Center Street at Lake Geneva. 

SURFACE AREA.--8.22 mi2

. 

DRAINAGE AREA.--28.7 mi2

. 

PERIOD OF RECORD.--October 1997 to August 2002, December 2002 to current year. 

GAGE.--Water-stage recorder. Datum of gage is 861.86 ft above NAVD of 1988 or 862.08 ft above NGVD of 1929. Intermittent staffgage readings during winter months. 

REMARKS.—Records good except for estimated days, which are poor. Gage-height telemeter at station. 

EXTREMES FOR PERIOD OF RECORD.--Maximum gage height, 3.35 ft, Aug. 20, 2007; minimum gage height, 1.44 ft, Nov. 5, 2005 

(affected by wind). 

EXTREMES FOR CURRENT YEAR.--Maximum gage height observed, 2.92 ft (affected by wind), May 6; minimum gage height, 1.58 ft

(affected by wind), Sept. 27. 

GAGE HEIGHT, FEET

WATER YEAR OCTOBER 2011 TO SEPTEMBER 2012

DAILY MEAN VALUES

[e, estimated]

Day Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep

1 2.40 2.29 2.44 2.50 2.50 2.56 2.57 2.55 2.52 2.34 2.18 1.89

2 2.40 2.29 2.43 2.48 2.50 2.57 2.56 2.57 2.51 2.34 2.16 1.87

3 2.40 2.34 2.47 e2.45 2.50 2.62 2.56 2.58 2.50 2.35 2.14 1.89

4 2.40 2.35 2.51 e2.43 2.50 2.60 2.55 2.58 2.48 2.35 2.14 1.90

5 2.40 2.35 2.49 e2.44 2.51 2.56 2.54 2.56 2.47 2.33 2.13 1.95

6 2.40 2.35 2.48 2.46 2.51 2.57 2.53 2.63 2.46 2.33 2.11 1.93

7 2.40 2.33 2.49 2.45 2.50 2.59 2.53 2.72 2.46 2.31 2.09 1.93

8 2.40 2.37 2.47 2.45 2.49 2.62 2.52 2.71 2.47 2.27 2.07 1.91

9 2.39 2.49 2.46 2.47 2.50 2.60 2.51 2.69 2.46 2.26 2.06 1.91

10 2.39 2.55 2.45 2.45 2.49 2.60 2.49 2.68 2.45 2.22 2.06 1.90

11 2.39 2.53 2.44 2.45 e2.46 2.58 2.47 2.67 2.45 2.20 2.04 1.88

12 2.39 2.53 2.42 2.47 e2.45 2.63 2.47 2.64 2.43 2.19 2.02 1.85

13 2.43 2.54 2.41 e2.46 e2.42 2.66 2.46 2.63 2.41 2.18 2.01 1.82

14 2.46 2.51 2.46 e2.46 e2.42 2.65 2.46 2.62 2.40 2.18 2.01 1.83

15 2.42 2.51 2.50 e2.45 e2.42 2.64 2.54 2.62 2.39 2.17 2.01 1.82

16 2.39 e2.49 2.48 2.41 2.44 2.64 2.61 2.59 2.41 2.17 2.04 1.83

17 2.37 e2.48 2.48 e2.43 2.47 2.63 2.56 2.57 2.47 2.16 2.04 1.82

18 2.34 e2.50 2.48 e2.45 2.46 2.63 2.55 2.56 2.49 2.13 2.02 1.79

19 2.33 e2.43 2.47 e2.46 2.46 2.62 2.55 2.55 2.47 2.28 2.02 1.79

20 2.32 e2.45 2.46 e2.46 2.46 2.63 2.58 2.56 2.47 2.26 2.01 1.74

21 2.30 e2.42 2.48 e2.46 2.47 2.62 2.57 2.55 2.44 2.26 2.01 1.73

22 2.30 2.42 2.47 e2.46 2.47 2.61 2.55 2.53 2.42 2.25 2.00 1.75

23 2.30 2.43 2.47 e2.46 2.47 2.62 2.55 2.52 2.41 2.24 1.98 1.71

24 2.32 2.45 2.47 e2.46 2.53 2.62 2.54 2.53 2.40 2.24 1.97 1.72

25 2.31 2.44 2.46 e2.46 2.51 2.61 2.54 2.51 2.37 2.26 1.96 1.69

26 2.30 2.45 2.46 e2.46 2.51 2.58 2.54 2.51 2.36 2.25 1.97 1.66

27 2.30 2.48 2.44 e2.46 2.52 2.59 2.52 2.52 2.36 2.24 1.99 1.65

28 2.30 2.46 2.43 e2.47 2.49 2.58 2.51 2.54 2.35 2.22 1.97 1.65

29 2.30 2.45 2.43 e2.48 2.56 2.56 2.54 2.54 2.34 2.21 1.96 1.65

30 2.30 2.45 2.46 e2.46 --- 2.56 2.57 2.50 2.34 2.20 1.97 1.64

31 2.30 --- 2.48 2.49 --- 2.56 --- 2.50 --- 2.19 1.95 ---

Mean 2.36 2.44 2.46 2.46 2.48 2.60 2.53 2.58 2.43 2.24 2.04 1.80

Max 2.46 2.55 2.51 2.50 2.56 2.66 2.61 2.72 2.52 2.35 2.18 1.95

Min 2.30 2.29 2.41 2.41 2.42 2.56 2.46 2.50 2.34 2.13 1.95 1.64
58

 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

GAGE HEIGHT, IN FEET

STAFF GAGE READING

 

Stage hydrograph for Geneva Lake, 1997-2012.
59

423329088323300 GENEVA LAKE AT WEST END NEAR WILLIAMS BAY, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 42°33'29", long 88°32'33", in NE 1⁄4 SE 1⁄4 sec.12, T.1 N., R.16 E., Walworth County, Hydrologic Unit 07120006, 1.3 mi south of Williams Bay.

SURFACE AREA.--8.22 mi2

. 

DRAINAGE AREA.--28.7 mi2

. 

PERIOD OF RECORD.--April 1997 to current year.

REMARKS.--Lake sampled at deep hole at a depth of about 43 m. Lake ice-covered during February sampling. Water-quality analyses done by Wisconsin State

 Laboratory of Hygiene. Samples for determination of chlorophyll a concentration are collected from the top 0.5 m of the lake.

WATER-QUALITY DATA, NOVEMBER 23, 2011 TO SEPTEMBER 25, 2012

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

 Specif- Chloro- Ortho- Ammonia Ammonia

 ic pH, phyll a Phos- phos- Total + + 

 Trans- conduc- water, trichro phorus, phate, nitro- Ammonia org-N, org-N,

 parency Sam- Temper- tance, unfltrd Dis- -matic water, water, gen, water, water, water,

 Secchi pling ature, wat unf field, solved method, unfltrd fltrd, water, fltrd, fltrd, unfltrd

 Date disc, depth, water, uS/cm @ std oxygen, uncorr, mg/L mg/L unfltrd mg/L mg/L mg/L 

 meters meters deg C 25 degC units mg/L ug/L as P as P mg/L as N as N as N 

 (00078) (00098) (00010) (00095) (00400) (00300) (32210) (00665) (00671) (00600) (00608) (00623) (00625)

 

NOV 2011 

 23... 9.75 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 23... -- .50 8.9 533 8.2 9.3 1.57 .016 -- -- -- -- -- 

 23... -- 42.0 8.6 536 8.0 7.2 -- .022 -- -- -- -- -- 

APR 2012 

 11... 7.85 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 11... -- .50 7.7 525 8.2 12.2 2.08 .006 <.002 .65 <.015 -- .57 

JUN 

 27... 5.20 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 27... -- .50 23.2 526 8.5 8.9 2.38 .012 .002 <.62 <.015 -- .60 

 27... -- 9.0 22.5 527 8.5 8.7 -- .015 -- -- -- -- -- 

 27... -- 16.0 11.4 528 7.9 7.9 -- .012 -- -- -- -- -- 

 27... -- 32.0 8.9 530 7.8 7.1 -- .011 -- -- -- -- -- 

 27... -- 37.0 8.6 530 7.8 6.8 -- .013 -- -- -- -- -- 

 27... -- 42.0 8.3 536 7.5 2.0 -- .016 -- -- -- -- -- 

JUL 

 24... 4.35 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 24... -- .50 26.5 528 8.5 8.2 3.10 .013 <.002 .40 <.015 -- -- 

 24... -- 9.0 25.8 531 8.5 7.6 -- .013 -- -- -- -- -- 

 24... -- 16.0 11.5 533 8.7 6.3 -- .013 -- -- -- -- -- 

 24... -- 33.0 8.6 535 8.2 7.8 -- .010 -- -- -- -- -- 

 24... -- 38.0 8.4 537 8.0 2.6 -- .012 -- -- -- -- -- 

AUG 

 22... 4.15 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 22... -- .50 23.7 524 8.4 9.0 4.00 .010 <.002 .48 <.015 -- -- 

 22... -- 10.0 23.4 526 8.4 7.7 -- .013 -- -- -- -- -- 

 22... -- 16.0 12.0 534 7.6 3.5 -- .007 -- -- -- -- -- 

 22... -- 33.0 8.6 536 7.4 2.8 -- .012 -- -- -- -- -- 

 22... -- 38.0 8.4 539 7.3 .5 -- .021 -- -- -- -- -- 

 22... -- 42.0 8.2 543 7.3 .1 -- .080 -- -- -- -- -- 
60

423329088323300 GENEVA LAKE AT WEST END NEAR WILLIAMS BAY, WI

WATER-QUALITY DATA, , NOVEMBER 23, 2011 TO SEPTEMBER 25, 2012

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

 Specif- Chloro- Ortho- Ammonia Ammonia

 ic pH, phyll a Phos- phos- Total + + 

 Trans- conduc- water, trichro phorus, phate, nitro- Ammonia org-N, org-N,

 parency Sam- Temper- tance, unfltrd Dis- -matic water, water, gen, water, water, water,

 Secchi pling ature, wat unf field, solved method, unfltrd fltrd, water, fltrd, fltrd, unfltrd

 Date disc, depth, water, uS/cm @ std oxygen, uncorr, mg/L mg/L unfltrd mg/L mg/L mg/L 

 meters meters deg C 25 degC units mg/L ug/L as P as P mg/L as N as N as N 

 (00078) (00098) (00010) (00095) (00400) (00300) (32210) (00665) (00671) (00600) (00608) (00623) (00625)

 

SEP 

 25... 4.35 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 25... -- .50 17.9 525 8.4 8.3 4.70 .013 <.002 <.49 <.015 .41 .47 

 25... -- 14.0 17.7 524 8.4 8.1 -- .013 <.002 <.52 <.015 <.14 .50 

 25... -- 16.0 12.8 535 7.7 .8 -- .010 <.002 .41 <.015 .22 .37 

 25... -- 33.0 8.8 536 7.4 1.4 -- .023 .015 .65 <.015 .26 .40 

 25... -- 38.0 8.5 539 7.4 .2 -- .049 .038 .59 .144 .53 .53 

 25... -- 42.0 8.3 542 7.4 .1 -- .073 .060 <.78 .293 .52 .76 

 Nitrate Turbdty Appar- ANC, 

 + white ent wat unf 

 nitrite light, color, Hard- Magnes- Potas- fixed Chlor- Silica, 

 water, det ang water, ness, Calcium ium, Sodium, sium, end pt, ide, Sulfate water, Iron, 

 fltrd, 90+/-30 unfltrd water, water, water, water, water, lab, water, water, fltrd, water,

 Date mg/L degrees Pt-Co mg/L as fltrd, fltrd, fltrd, fltrd, mg/L as fltrd, fltrd, mg/L as fltrd,

 as N NTU units CaCO3 mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L CaCO3 mg/L mg/L SiO2 ug/L 

 (00631) (63675) (00081) (00900) (00915) (00925) (00930) (00935) (00417) (00940) (00945) (00955) (01046)

 

NOV 2011 

 23... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 23... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 23... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

APR 2012 

 11... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 11... .076 <1.0 5 233 35.7 34.9 21.6 1.90 189 43.4 29.6 3.00 <100 

JUN 

 27... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 27... <.019 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 27... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 27... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 27... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 27... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 27... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

JUL 

 24... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 24... <.019 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 24... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 24... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 24... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 
61

423329088323300 GENEVA LAKE AT WEST END NEAR WILLIAMS BAY, WI

WATER-QUALITY DATA, , NOVEMBER 23, 2011 TO SEPTEMBER 25, 2012

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

 Nitrate Turbdty Appar- ANC, 

 + white ent wat unf 

 nitrite light, color, Hard- Magnes- Potas- fixed Chlor- Silica, 

 water, det ang water, ness, Calcium ium, Sodium, sium, end pt, ide, Sulfate water, Iron, 

 fltrd, 90+/-30 unfltrd water, water, water, water, water, lab, water, water, fltrd, water,

 Date mg/L degrees Pt-Co mg/L as fltrd, fltrd, fltrd, fltrd, mg/L as fltrd, fltrd, mg/L as fltrd,

 as N NTU units CaCO3 mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L CaCO3 mg/L mg/L SiO2 ug/L 

 (00631) (63675) (00081) (00900) (00915) (00925) (00930) (00935) (00417) (00940) (00945) (00955) (01046)

 

AUG 

 22... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 22... <.019 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 22... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 22... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 22... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 22... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

SEP 

 25... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 25... <.019 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 25... <.019 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 25... .041 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 25... .246 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 25... .061 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 25... <.019 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 Dis- 

 solved

 Manga- solids

 nese, dried @

 water, 180degC

 Date fltrd, wat flt

 ug/L mg/L 

 (01056) (70300)

 

NOV 2011 

 23... -- -- 

 23... -- -- 

 23... -- -- 

APR 2012 

 11... -- -- 

 11... <1.0 294 
62

423329088323300 GENEVA LAKE AT WEST END NEAR WILLIAMS BAY, WI

LAKE-DEPTH PROFILES, NOVEMBER 23, 2011 TO JUNE 27, 2012

0 10 20 30

45

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

0 10 20

SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELSIUS

11-23-11

0 10 20 30

45

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

0 10 20

06-27-12

450 475 500 525 550

45

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

6 7 8 9 10

450 475 500 525 550

45

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

6 7 8 9 10

450 475 500 525 550

45

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

6 7 8 9 10

WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELSIUS

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS

W.T. D.O.

S.C.

pH

0 10 20 30

45

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

0 10 20

DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

04-11-12

DEPTH, IN METERS DEPTH, IN METERS
63

423329088323300 GENEVA LAKE AT WEST END NEAR WILLIAMS BAY, WI

LAKE-DEPTH PROFILES, JULY 24 TO SEPTEMBER 26, 2012

0 10 20 30

45

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

0 10 20

SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELSIUS

07-24-12

0 10 20 30

45

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

0 10 20

DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

0 10 20 30

45

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

0 10 20

09-26-12

450 475 500 525 550

45

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

6 7 8 9 10

450 475 500 525 550

45

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

6 7 8 9 10

450 475 500 525 550

45

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

6 7 8 9 10

WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELSIUS

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS

W.T.

D.O.

S.C.

pH

08-22-12

DEPTH, IN METERS DEPTH, IN METERS
64

 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 10

20

30

40

50

60

Total Phosphorus

Chlorophyll a

Secchi depth

 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 0

5

10

15

 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 0.00

0.01

0.02

0.03

CHLOROPHYLL a CONCENTRATION, IN MICROGRAMS PER LITER SECCHI DEPTH, IN METERS TROPHIC STATE INDEX

 Surface total phosphorus, chlorophyll a concentrations, Secchi depths,

and TSI data for Geneva Lake, West End, near Williams Bay, Wisconsin.

(Open circles on the first two plots indicate laboratory detection limit for selected analyses.

 Actual concentrations for these particular analyses are less than the plotted circles.)

Eutrophic

Mesotrophic

TOTAL PHOSPHORUS CONCENTRATION, IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

Oligotrophic
65

432504088152201 GILBERT LAKE DEEP HOLE NEAR WEST BEND, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 43°25'04", long 88°15'22", in NW 1⁄4 SW 1⁄4 sec.17, T.11 N., R.19 E., Washington County, Hydrologic Unit 04040003.

SURFACE AREA.—0.07 mi2

. 

PERIOD OF RECORD.—April 2012 to July 2012. 

WATER-QUALITY DATA, APRIL 26 TO JULY 31, 2012

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

 Specif- Chloro- Ortho- Ammonia Nitrate

 ic pH, phyll a Phos- phos- Total + + 

 Trans- conduc- water, trichro phorus, phate, nitro- Ammonia org-N, nitrite

 parency Sam- Temper- tance, unfltrd Dis- -matic water, water, gen, water, water, water,

 Secchi pling ature, wat unf field, solved method, unfltrd fltrd, water, fltrd, unfltrd fltrd,

 Date disc, depth, water, uS/cm @ std oxygen, uncorr, mg/L mg/L unfltrd mg/L mg/L mg/L 

 meters meters deg C 25 degC units mg/L ug/L as P as P mg/L as N as N as N 

 (00078) (00098) (00010) (00095) (00400) (00300) (32210) (00665) (00671) (00600) (00608) (00625) (00631)

 

APR 2012 

 26... 2.50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 26... -- .50 12.5 716 8.4 12.6 5.51 .021 <.002 1.2 .031 .70 .504 

JUL 

 31... 1.55 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 31... -- .50 26.6 682 8.4 11.3 9.05 .027 -- -- -- -- -- 

 Turbdty Appar- ANC, Dis- 

 white ent wat unf solved

 light, color, Hard- Magnes- Potas- fixed Chlor- Manga- solids

 det ang water, ness, Calcium ium, Sodium, sium, end pt, ide, Sulfate Iron, nese, dried @

 90+/-30 unfltrd water, water, water, water, water, lab, water, water, water, water, 180degC

 Date degrees Pt-Co mg/L as fltrd, fltrd, fltrd, fltrd, mg/L as fltrd, fltrd, fltrd, fltrd, wat flt

 NTU units CaCO3 mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L CaCO3 mg/L mg/L ug/L ug/L mg/L 

 (63675) (00081) (00900) (00915) (00925) (00930) (00935) (00417) (00940) (00945) (01046) (01056) (70300)

 

APR 2012 

 26... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 26... <1.0 10 301 58.5 37.5 30.4 1.50 243 73.1 26.1 <100 <1.0 410 

JUL 

 31... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 31... <1.0 -- 277 40.2 42.8 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 
66

04086418 GILBERT LAKE TRIBUTARY NEAR WEST BEND, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 43°25'13", long 88°15'18", in NW 1⁄4 NE 1⁄4 SW 1⁄4 sec.17, T.11 N., R.19 E., Washington County, Hydrologic Unit 04040003. 

PERIOD OF RECORD.—April 2012 to July 2012. 

WATER-QUALITY DATA, APRIL 26 TO JULY 31, 2012

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

 Specif- Chloro- Ortho- Ammonia Nitrate

 ic pH, phyll a Phos- phos- Total + + 

 Trans- conduc- water, trichro phorus, phate, nitro- Ammonia org-N, nitrite

 parency Sam- Temper- tance, unfltrd Dis- -matic water, water, gen, water, water, water,

 Secchi pling ature, wat unf field, solved method, unfltrd fltrd, water, fltrd, unfltrd fltrd,

 Date disc, depth, water, uS/cm @ std oxygen, uncorr, mg/L mg/L unfltrd mg/L mg/L mg/L 

 meters meters deg C 25 degC units mg/L ug/L as P as P mg/L as N as N as N 

 (00078) (00098) (00010) (00095) (00400) (00300) (32210) (00665) (00671) (00600) (00608) (00625) (00631)

 

APR 2012 

 26... -- .50 10.5 781 7.9 15.1 27.8 .025 .002 1.3 <.015 .32 .949 

 26... .45 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

JUL 

 31... >.20 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 31... -- .20 16.2 844 7.5 8.1 2.23 .041 -- -- -- -- -- 

 Turbdty Appar- ANC, Dis- 

 white ent wat unf solved

 light, color, Hard- Magnes- Potas- fixed Chlor- Manga- solids

 det ang water, ness, Calcium ium, Sodium, sium, end pt, ide, Sulfate Iron, nese, dried @

 90+/-30 unfltrd water, water, water, water, water, lab, water, water, water, water, 180degC

 Date degrees Pt-Co mg/L as fltrd, fltrd, fltrd, fltrd, mg/L as fltrd, fltrd, fltrd, fltrd, wat flt

 NTU units CaCO3 mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L CaCO3 mg/L mg/L ug/L ug/L mg/L 

 (63675) (00081) (00900) (00915) (00925) (00930) (00935) (00417) (00940) (00945) (01046) (01056) (70300)

 

APR 2012 

 26... 1.2 5 338 71.8 38.5 28.7 1.90 270 70.4 27.6 <100 <1.0 438 

 26... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

JUL 

 31... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 31... <1.0 -- 373 79.7 42.3 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 
67

432514088151601 GILBERT LAKE SPRING #1 NEAR WEST BEND, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 43°25'14", long 88°15'16", in SE 1⁄4 NW 1⁄4 sec.17, T.11 N., R.19 E., Washington County, Hydrologic Unit 04040003. 

PERIOD OF RECORD.—April 2012 to July 2012. 

WATER-QUALITY DATA, APRIL 26 TO JULY 31, 2012

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

 Specif- Chloro- Ortho- Ammonia Nitrate

 ic pH, phyll a Phos- phos- Total + + 

 Trans- conduc- water, trichro phorus, phate, nitro- Ammonia org-N, nitrite

 parency Sam- Temper- tance, unfltrd Dis- -matic water, water, gen, water, water, water,

 Secchi pling ature, wat unf field, solved method, unfltrd fltrd, water, fltrd, unfltrd fltrd,

 Date disc, depth, water, uS/cm @ std oxygen, uncorr, mg/L mg/L unfltrd mg/L mg/L mg/L 

 meters meters deg C 25 degC units mg/L ug/L as P as P mg/L as N as N as N 

 (00078) (00098) (00010) (00095) (00400) (00300) (32210) (00665) (00671) (00600) (00608) (00625) (00631)

 

APR 2012 

 26... 1.50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 26... -- .50 9.5 815 7.7 2.5 1.84 .009 .004 1.9 <.015 .32 1.57 

JUL 

 31... 2.00 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 31... -- 1.5 9.9 814 7.7 2.1 <.260 .009 -- -- -- -- -- 

 Turbdty Appar- ANC, Dis- 

 white ent wat unf solved

 light, color, Hard- Magnes- Potas- fixed Chlor- Manga- solids

 det ang water, ness, Calcium ium, Sodium, sium, end pt, ide, Sulfate Iron, nese, dried @

 90+/-30 unfltrd water, water, water, water, water, lab, water, water, water, water, 180degC

 Date degrees Pt-Co mg/L as fltrd, fltrd, fltrd, fltrd, mg/L as fltrd, fltrd, fltrd, fltrd, wat flt

 NTU units CaCO3 mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L CaCO3 mg/L mg/L ug/L ug/L mg/L 

 (63675) (00081) (00900) (00915) (00925) (00930) (00935) (00417) (00940) (00945) (01046) (01056) (70300)

 

APR 2012 

 26... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 26... <1.0 <5 358 76.4 40.7 27.0 1.70 276 70.9 32.3 <100 <1.0 470 

JUL 

 31... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 31... <1.0 -- 357 75.3 41.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 
68

432511088151801 GILBERT LAKE SPRING #2 NEAR WEST BEND, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 43°25'11", long 88°15'18", in NE 1⁄4 SW 1⁄4 sec.17, T.11 N., R.19 E., Washington County, Hydrologic Unit 04040003. 

PERIOD OF RECORD.—April 2012 to July 2012. 

WATER-QUALITY DATA, APRIL 26 TO JULY 31, 2012

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

 Specif- Chloro- Ortho- Ammonia Nitrate

 ic pH, phyll a Phos- phos- Total + + 

 Trans- conduc- water, trichro phorus, phate, nitro- Ammonia org-N, nitrite

 parency Sam- Temper- tance, unfltrd Dis- -matic water, water, gen, water, water, water,

 Secchi pling ature, wat unf field, solved method, unfltrd fltrd, water, fltrd, unfltrd fltrd,

 Date disc, depth, water, uS/cm @ std oxygen, uncorr, mg/L mg/L unfltrd mg/L mg/L mg/L 

 meters meters deg C 25 degC units mg/L ug/L as P as P mg/L as N as N as N 

 (00078) (00098) (00010) (00095) (00400) (00300) (32210) (00665) (00671) (00600) (00608) (00625) (00631)

 

APR 2012 

 26... 1.50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 26... -- .50 10.6 900 7.8 5.7 .720 .009 .003 5.3 <.015 .15 5.19 

JUL 

 31... 1.50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 31... -- 1.0 9.7 947 7.9 4.9 .320 .011 -- -- -- -- -- 

 Turbdty Appar- ANC, Dis- 

 white ent wat unf solved

 light, color, Hard- Magnes- Potas- fixed Chlor- Manga- solids

 det ang water, ness, Calcium ium, Sodium, sium, end pt, ide, Sulfate Iron, nese, dried @

 90+/-30 unfltrd water, water, water, water, water, lab, water, water, water, water, 180degC

 Date degrees Pt-Co mg/L as fltrd, fltrd, fltrd, fltrd, mg/L as fltrd, fltrd, fltrd, fltrd, wat flt

 NTU units CaCO3 mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L CaCO3 mg/L mg/L ug/L ug/L mg/L 

 (63675) (00081) (00900) (00915) (00925) (00930) (00935) (00417) (00940) (00945) (01046) (01056) (70300)

 

APR 2012 

 26... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 26... <1.0 5 400 87.1 44.2 32.1 1.70 307 75.7 34.7 <100 <1.0 512 

JUL 

 31... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 31... <1.0 -- 369 77.9 42.3 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 
69

434928088553601 GREEN LAKE AT COUNTY TRUNK HIGHWAY A NEAR GREEN LAKE, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 43°49′28′′, long 88°55′36′′ referenced to North American Datum of 1927, in NE 1⁄4 SE 1⁄4 SE 1⁄4 

sec.27, T.16 N., R.13 E., Green Lake County, WI, Hydrologic Unit 04030201, on left bank at downstream side of 

County Trunk Highway A, 2.3 mi southeast of Green Lake. 

SURFACE AREA.--11.48 mi2

. 

DRAINAGE AREA.--103 mi2; including surface area of Green Lake.

PERIOD OF RECORD.--October 1993 to May 2012 (discontinued). 

GAGE.--Water-stage recorder. Datum of gage is 789.91 ft above NAVD of 1988. 

REMARKS.--Lake level regulated by dam at outlet at Green Lake. Gage-height telemeter at station. 

EXTREMES FOR PERIOD OF RECORD.--Maximum recorded gage height, 8.67 ft, June 15, 2008; minimum 

recorded, 5.27 ft, Nov. 5, 2005. 

EXTREMES FOR CURRENT YEAR.--Maximum recorded gage height, 7.58 ft, May 3; minimum recorded gage 

height, 5.93 ft, January 2. 

GAGE HEIGHT, FEET

WATER YEAR OCTOBER 2011 TO SEPTEMBER 2012

DAILY MEAN VALUES

Day Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep

1 6.30 6.25 6.43 6.09 6.09 6.20 6.33 6.63 --- --- --- ---

2 6.30 6.27 6.44 6.06 6.10 6.22 6.33 6.64 --- --- --- ---

3 6.30 6.34 6.45 6.06 6.10 6.26 6.34 7.24 --- --- --- ---

4 6.30 6.35 6.47 6.05 6.11 6.26 6.35 7.33 --- --- --- ---

5 6.30 6.35 6.46 6.05 6.11 6.26 6.34 7.30 --- --- --- ---

6 6.30 6.35 6.44 6.05 6.11 6.25 6.34 7.27 --- --- --- ---

7 6.30 6.34 6.43 6.04 6.11 6.26 6.35 7.24 --- --- --- ---

8 6.31 6.38 6.40 6.05 6.11 6.32 6.36 7.18 --- --- --- ---

9 6.30 6.51 6.38 6.05 6.11 6.31 6.35 7.09 --- --- --- ---

10 6.30 6.60 6.33 6.04 6.11 6.31 6.32 7.07 --- --- --- ---

11 6.30 6.59 6.27 6.05 6.14 6.31 6.32 7.05 --- --- --- ---

12 6.31 6.59 6.27 6.05 6.09 6.32 6.31 6.95 --- --- --- ---

13 6.35 6.59 6.26 6.07 6.11 6.33 6.32 6.90 --- --- --- ---

14 6.39 6.59 6.26 6.07 6.12 6.32 6.32 6.85 --- --- --- ---

15 6.37 6.58 6.29 6.07 6.12 6.32 6.38 6.76 --- --- --- ---

16 6.34 6.57 6.25 6.06 6.12 6.31 6.45 6.69 --- --- --- ---

17 6.32 6.53 6.22 6.06 6.12 6.31 6.43 6.64 --- --- --- ---

18 6.27 6.51 --- 6.08 6.12 6.30 6.43 6.61 --- --- --- ---

19 6.25 6.49 6.17 6.10 6.12 6.29 6.44 6.60 --- --- --- ---

20 6.24 6.48 6.16 6.06 6.12 6.28 6.60 6.65 --- --- --- ---

21 6.24 6.47 6.15 6.01 6.13 6.27 6.64 6.68 --- --- --- ---

22 6.24 6.45 6.13 6.00 6.13 6.25 6.64 6.70 --- --- --- ---

23 6.24 6.45 6.12 6.00 6.13 6.29 6.64 --- --- --- --- ---

24 6.26 6.44 6.11 6.00 6.13 6.30 6.64 --- --- --- --- ---

25 6.23 6.44 6.10 6.06 6.13 6.29 6.65 --- --- --- --- ---

26 6.24 6.45 6.08 6.09 6.12 6.27 6.63 --- --- --- --- ---

27 6.24 6.47 6.06 6.08 6.12 6.27 6.62 --- --- --- --- ---

28 6.24 6.47 6.06 6.10 6.12 6.27 6.60 --- --- --- --- ---

29 6.24 6.45 6.05 6.10 6.18 6.26 6.60 --- --- --- --- ---

30 6.24 6.44 6.05 6.09 --- 6.31 6.65 --- --- --- --- ---

31 6.25 --- 6.05 6.09 --- 6.33 --- --- --- --- --- ---

Mean 6.28 6.46 --- 6.06 6.12 6.29 6.46 --- --- --- --- ---

Max 6.39 6.60 --- 6.10 6.18 6.33 6.65 --- --- --- --- ---

Min 6.23 6.25 --- 6.00 6.09 6.20 6.31 --- --- --- --- ---
70

 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 5

6

7

8

9

10

GAGE HEIGHT, IN FEET

Stage hydrograph for Green Lake, 1993-2012.
71

434756089020500 GREEN LAKE AT DEEP HOLE NEAR GREEN LAKE, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 43°47'56", long 89°02'05", in NW 1⁄4 SE 1⁄4 sec.2, T.15 N., R.12 E., Green Lake County, Hydrologic Unit 04030201, about 5 miles southwest of the 

City of Green Lake.

SURFACE AREA.--11.48 mi2

. 

PERIOD OF RECORD.--May 2004 to current year. Lake sampled by Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources prior to 2004.

REMARKS.--Water-quality analyses done by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene. A “*” indicates data that were collected by Mary Jane Bumby, Citizen Lake 

Monitoring Volunteer.

WATER-QUALITY DATA, APRIL 12 TO SEPTEMBER 27, 2012

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

 Specif- Chloro- Ortho- Ammonia Nitrate

 ic pH, phyll a Phos- phos- Total + + 

 Trans- conduc- water, trichro phorus, phate, nitro- Ammonia org-N, nitrite

 parency Sam- Temper- tance, unfltrd Dis- -matic water, water, gen, water, water, water,

 Secchi pling ature, wat unf field, solved method, unfltrd fltrd, water, fltrd, unfltrd fltrd,

 Date disc, depth, water, uS/cm @ std oxygen, uncorr, mg/L mg/L unfltrd mg/L mg/L mg/L 

 meters meters deg C 25 degC units mg/L ug/L as P as P mg/L as N as N as N 

 (00078) (00098) (00010) (00095) (00400) (00300) (32210) (00665) (00671) (00600) (00608) (00625) (00631)

APR 2012 

 12... 3.95 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 12... -- .50 7.5 501 8.4 13.6 11.3 .036 .017 .84 <.015 .59 .255 

 12... -- 67.0 4.6 516 8.0 10.2 -- .046 -- -- -- -- -- 

MAY 

 *13... 1.30 .10 14.4 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 *19... 1.80 .10 18.9 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

JUN 

 *04... 8.50 .10 20.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 *07... 11.6 .10 23.3 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 *19... 9.00 .10 25.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 26... 9.10 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 26... -- .50 23.0 497 8.7 9.5 3.64 .018 -- -- -- -- -- 

 26... -- 67.0 5.8 519 7.5 3.9 -- .128 -- -- -- -- -- 

 *28... 6.60 .10 26.7 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

JUL 

 *08... 4.70 .10 27.2 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 11... 5.53 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 11... -- .50 27.7 490 8.7 9.2 1.19 .011 -- -- -- -- -- 

 11... -- 67.0 5.7 524 7.4 .2 -- .171 -- -- -- -- -- 

 *12... 4.10 .10 25.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 *27... 4.10 .10 25.6 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

AUG 

 *01... 4.30 .10 23.9 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 *14... 4.00 .10 22.2 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 *19... 4.00 .10 17.8 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 21... 4.55 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 21... -- .50 22.8 486 8.7 8.5 4.59 .009 <.002 .46 <.015 -- <.019 

 21... -- 67.0 5.8 533 7.5 .2 -- .213 -- -- -- -- -- 

 *25... 4.30 .10 17.2 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 
72

434756089020500 GREEN LAKE AT DEEP HOLE NEAR GREEN LAKE, WI

WATER-QUALITY DATA, APRIL 12 TO SEPTEMBER 27, 2012

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

 Specif- Chloro- Ortho- Ammonia Ammonia

 ic pH, phyll a Phos- phos- Total + + 

 Trans- conduc- water, trichro phorus, phate, nitro- Ammonia org-N, org-N,

 parency Sam- Temper- tance, unfltrd Dis- -matic water, water, gen, water, water, water,

 Secchi pling ature, wat unf field, solved method, unfltrd fltrd, water, fltrd, fltrd, unfltrd

 Date disc, depth, water, uS/cm @ std oxygen, uncorr, mg/L mg/L unfltrd mg/L mg/L mg/L 

 meters meters deg C 25 degC units mg/L ug/L as P as P mg/L as N as N as N 

 (00078) (00098) (00010) (00095) (00400) (00300) (32210) (00665) (00671) (00600) (00608) (00623) (00625)

SEP 

 *03... 5.50 .10 17.2 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 *12... 4.00 .10 17.2 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 27... 4.65 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 27... -- .50 17.0 493 8.6 9.0 3.24 .012 -- -- -- -- -- 

 27... -- 20.0 8.5 516 8.2 4.7 -- .010 -- -- -- -- -- 

 27... -- 50.0 6.1 519 7.7 6.2 -- .072 -- -- -- -- -- 

 27... -- 63.0 5.9 524 7.5 1.5 -- .142 -- -- -- -- -- 

 27... -- 66.0 5.7 539 7.2 .3 -- .236 -- -- -- -- -- 

 27... -- 67.0 5.7 542 7.3 .3 -- .331 -- -- -- -- -- 

 *27... 4.80 .10 17.2 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 Turbdty Appar- ANC, 

 white ent wat unf 

 light, color, Hard- Magnes- Potas- fixed Chlor- Silica, Manga- 

 det ang water, ness, Calcium ium, Sodium, sium, end pt, ide, Sulfate water, Iron, nese, 

 90+/-30 unfltrd water, water, water, water, water, lab, water, water, fltrd, water, water,

 Date degrees Pt-Co mg/L as fltrd, fltrd, fltrd, fltrd, mg/L as fltrd, fltrd, mg/L as fltrd, fltrd,

 NTU units CaCO3 mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L CaCO3 mg/L mg/L SiO2 ug/L ug/L 

 (63675) (00081) (00900) (00915) (00925) (00930) (00935) (00417) (00940) (00945) (00955) (01046) (01056)

 

APR 2012 

 12... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 12... 1.8 5 225 33.9 34.2 18.8 3.30 187 38.2 30.0 .915 <100 <1.0 

 12... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 
73

434756089020500 GREEN LAKE AT DEEP HOLE NEAR GREEN LAKE, WI

WATER-QUALITY DATA, APRIL 12 TO SEPTEMBER 27, 2012

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

 Dis- 

 solved

 solids

 dried @

 180degC

 Date wat flt

 mg/L 

 (70300)

 

APR 2012 

 12... -- 

 12... 280 

 12... -- 
74

434756089020500 GREEN LAKE AT DEEP HOLE NEAR GREEN LAKE, WI

LAKE-DEPTH PROFILES, APRIL 12 TO SEPTEMBER 27, 2012

0 10 20 30

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

0 10 20

0 10 20 30

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

0 10 20

SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELSIUS

04-12-12 06-26-12

0 10 20 30

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

0 10 20

07-11-12

DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

0 10 20 30

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

0 10 20

0 10 20 30

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

0 10 20

08-21-12 09-27-12

400 450 500 550 600

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

6 7 8 9 10

400 450 500 550 600

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

6 7 8 9 10

WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELSIUS

400 450 500 550 600

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

6 7 8 9 10

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS

400 450 500 550 600

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

6 7 8 9 10

400 450 500 550 600

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

6 7 8 9 10

W.T.

D.O.

S.C. pH

DEPTH, IN METERS DEPTH, IN METERS
75

 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Total Phosphorus

Chlorophyll a

Secchi depth Eutrophic

 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

USGS

CITIZEN MONITORING

 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 0

10

20

30

40

50

60

 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 0.00

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.10

0.12

CHLOROPHYLL a CONCENTRATION, IN MICROGRAMS PER LITER SECCHI DEPTH, IN METERS TROPHIC STATE INDEX

Surface total phosphorus, chlorophyll a concentrations, Secchi depths,

and TSI data for Green Lake, Deep Hole, near Green Lake, Wisconsin.

Mesotrophic

TOTAL PHOSPHORUS CONCENTRATION, IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

Oligotrophic
76

434928088570000 GREEN LAKE AT EAST END NEAR GREEN LAKE, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 43°49'28", long 88°57'00", in SE 1⁄4 SE 1⁄4 sec.28, T.16 N., R.13 E., Green Lake County, Hydrologic Unit 04030201, about one mile southeast of 

the City of Green Lake.

SURFACE AREA.--11.48 mi2

. 

PERIOD OF RECORD.--May 2004 current year. Lake sampled by Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources prior to 2004.

REMARKS.--Water-quality analyses done by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene. A “*” indicates data that were collected by Mary Jane Bumby, Citizen Lake 

Monitoring Volunteer.

WATER-QUALITY DATA, APRIL 12 TO SEPTEMBER 27, 2012

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

 Specif- Chloro- 

 ic pH, phyll a Phos- 

 Trans- conduc- water, trichro phorus,

 parency Sam- Temper- tance, unfltrd Dis- -matic water,

 Secchi pling ature, wat unf field, solved method, unfltrd

 Date disc, depth, water, uS/cm @ std oxygen, uncorr, mg/L 

 meters meters deg C 25 degC units mg/L ug/L as P 

 (00078) (00098) (00010) (00095) (00400) (00300) (32210) (00665)

 

APR 2012 

 12... 3.55 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 12... -- .50 6.9 507 8.4 13.8 12.9 .036 

 12... -- 33.0 5.3 513 8.2 11.6 -- .037 

MAY 

 *13... 1.20 .10 13.3 -- -- -- -- -- 

 *19... 1.20 .10 18.9 -- -- -- -- -- 

JUN 

 *04... 6.40 .10 20.0 -- -- -- -- -- 

 *07... 9.80 .10 24.4 -- -- -- -- -- 

 *19... 7.20 .10 24.4 -- -- -- -- -- 

 26... 6.50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 26... -- .50 22.7 498 8.7 9.7 1.91 .016 

 26... -- 33.0 6.4 515 7.7 7.6 -- .056 

 *28... 4.90 .10 27.8 -- -- -- -- -- 

JUL 

 *08... 5.00 .10 28.9 -- -- -- -- -- 

 11... 4.65 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 11... -- .50 27.4 488 8.8 10.4 1.30 .012 

 11... -- 31.0 6.7 516 7.7 7.0 -- .056 

 *12... 3.80 .10 25.0 -- -- -- -- -- 

 *27... 3.70 .10 26.7 -- -- -- -- -- 

 
77

434928088570000 GREEN LAKE AT EAST END NEAR GREEN LAKE, WI

WATER-QUALITY DATA, APRIL 12 TO SEPTEMBER 27, 2012

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

 Specif- Chloro- 

 ic pH, phyll a Phos- 

 Trans- conduc- water, trichro phorus, 

 parency Sam- Temper- tance, unfltrd Dis- -matic water,

 Secchi pling ature, wat unf field, solved method, unfltrd

 Date disc, depth, water, uS/cm @ std oxygen, uncorr, mg/L 

 meters meters deg C 25 degC units mg/L ug/L as P 

 (00078) (00098) (00010) (00095) (00400) (00300) (32210) (00665)

 

AUG 

 *01... 4.70 .10 24.4 -- -- -- -- -- 

 *14... 4.30 .10 22.8 -- -- -- -- -- 

 *19... 3.80 .10 17.8 -- -- -- -- -- 

 21... 4.25 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 21... -- .50 23.5 489 8.7 8.7 4.61 .012 

 21... -- 32.0 6.8 519 8.1 5.9 -- .056 

 *25... 3.70 .10 17.2 -- -- -- -- -- 

SEP 

 *03... 5.50 .10 17.2 -- -- -- -- -- 

 *12... 3.80 .10 17.2 -- -- -- -- -- 

 *27... 3.70 .10 17.2 -- -- -- -- -- 

 27... 3.75 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 27... -- .50 16.9 493 8.6 9.4 3.36 .013 

 27... -- 32.0 6.7 520 7.5 4.9 -- .062 
78

434928088570000 GREEN LAKE AT EAST END NEAR GREEN LAKE, WI

LAKE-DEPTH PROFILES, APRIL 12 TO SEPTEMBER 27, 2012

0 10 20 30

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

0 10 20

SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELSIUS

04-12-12 06-26-12

0 10 20 30

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

0 10 20

0 10 20 30

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

0 10 20

0 10 20 30

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

0 10 20

07-11-12

DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

0 10 20 30

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

0 10 20

08-21-12 09-27-12

400 450 500 550 600

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

6 7 8 9 10

400 450 500 550 600

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

6 7 8 9 10

WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELSIUS

400 450 500 550 600

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

6 7 8 9 10

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS

400 450 500 550 600

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

6 7 8 9 10

400 450 500 550 600

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

6 7 8 9 10

W.T.

D.O.

S.C.

pH

DEPTH, IN METERS DEPTH, IN METERS
79

 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 20

30

40

50

60

70

Total Phosphorus

Chlorophyll a

Secchi depth

Eutrophic

 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

USGS

CITIZEN MONITORING

 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 0

10

20

30

40

50

60

 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 0.00

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.10

CHLOROPHYLL a CONCENTRATION, IN MICROGRAMS PER LITER SECCHI DEPTH, IN METERS TROPHIC STATE INDEX

Surface total phosphorus, chlorophyll a concentrations, Secchi depths,

 and TSI data for Green Lake, East End, near Green Lake, Wisconsin.

Mesotrophic

TOTAL PHOSPHORUS CONCENTRATION, IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

Oligotrophic
80

435009088550100 GREEN LAKE INLET, SITE 1, NEAR GREEN LAKE, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 43°50'09", long 88°55'01", in NE 1⁄4 NW 1⁄4 sec.26, T.16 N., R.13 E., Green Lake County, Hydrologic Unit 04030201. 

PERIOD OF RECORD.--May 2006 to current year. 

REMARKS.--Water-quality analyses done by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene.

WATER-QUALITY DATA, APRIL 12 TO SEPTEMBER 27, 2012

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

 Specif- 

 ic pH, Phos- 

 Trans- conduc- water, phorus,

 parency Sam- Temper- tance, unfltrd Dis- water,

 Secchi pling ature, wat unf field, solved unfltrd

 Date disc, depth, water, uS/cm @ std oxygen, mg/L 

 meters meters deg C 25 degC units mg/L as P 

 (00078) (00098) (00010) (00095) (00400) (00300) (00665)

 

APR 2012 

 12... .80 -- -- -- -- -- -- 

JUN 

 26... .50 -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 26... -- .10 25.0 730 8.7 13.2 .079 

JUL 

 11... .50 -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 11... -- .10 28.4 814 8.9 10.8 .139 

AUG 

 21... 1.00 -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 21... -- .50 22.3 914 8.6 9.6 .076 

SEP 

 27... 1.00 -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 27... -- .50 15.1 1100 8.7 11.1 .044 
81

434948088552200 GREEN LAKE INLET, SITE 2, NEAR GREEN LAKE, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 43°49'48", long 88°55'22", in SW 1⁄4 NW 1⁄4 sec.26, T.16 N., R.13 E., Green Lake County, Hydrologic Unit 04030201, about one mile southeast of the City 

of Green Lake.

PERIOD OF RECORD.--May 2006 to current year.

REMARKS.--Water-quality analyses done by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene.

WATER-QUALITY DATA APRIL 12 TO SEPTEMBER 27, 2012

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

 Specif- 

 ic pH, Phos- 

 Trans- conduc- water, phorus,

 parency Sam- Temper- tance, unfltrd Dis- water,

 Secchi pling ature, wat unf field, solved unfltrd

 Date disc, depth, water, uS/cm @ std oxygen, mg/L 

 meters meters deg C 25 degC units mg/L as P 

 (00078) (00098) (00010) (00095) (00400) (00300) (00665)

 

APR 2012 

 12... .70 -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 12... -- .50 11.4 700 8.8 21.1 .039 

JUN 

 26... 1.00 -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 26... -- .10 25.1 758 8.6 11.6 .086 

JUL 

 11... 1.00 -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 11... -- .10 28.6 812 9.0 11.1 .156 

AUG 

 21... 1.00 -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 21... -- .50 22.6 898 8.7 9.9 .081 

SEP 

 27... 1.00 -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 27... -- .50 14.9 1050 8.8 11.8 .042 
82

425715089164700 LAKE KEGONSA AT BARBER DRIVE NEAR STOUGHTON, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 42°57′15′′, long 89°16′47′′ referenced to North American Datum of 1927, in SW 1⁄4 NE 1⁄4 NE 1⁄4 sec.26, T.6 N., R.10 E., 

Dane County, WI, Hydrologic Unit 07090001, on downstream side of bridge on Barber Drive, 3.5 mi northwest of Stoughton. 

SURFACE AREA.--1.05 mi2

. 

DRAINAGE AREA.--386 mi2

. 

PERIOD OF RECORD.--October 2003 to current year. 

GAGE.--Water-stage recorder. Datum of gage is 840.00 ft above sea level (levels from Wisconsin Department of Transportation 

benchmark). 

EXTREMES FOR PERIOD OF RECORD.--Maximum gage height observed, 5.73 ft, June 16, 2008; minimum observed, 2.07 ft, Jan.27, 

2006. 

EXTREMES FOR CURRENT YEAR.--Maximum gage height observed, 3.75 ft, May 7; minimum observed, 2.30 ft, Feb. 20, 21. 

GAGE HEIGHT, FEET

WATER YEAR OCTOBER 2011 TO SEPTEMBER 2012

DAILY MEAN VALUES

Day Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep

1 3.59 3.22 2.82 2.98 2.47 2.44 3.11 3.16 3.34 2.96 2.89 2.80

2 3.59 3.10 2.82 3.04 2.47 2.47 3.10 3.21 3.31 2.95 2.89 2.78

3 3.59 3.06 2.86 3.04 2.47 2.50 3.08 3.31 3.30 2.93 2.89 2.78

4 3.60 2.96 2.94 3.06 2.46 2.51 3.06 3.45 3.31 2.92 2.88 2.79

5 3.59 2.88 2.98 3.07 2.45 2.51 3.05 3.53 3.31 2.91 2.87 2.87

6 3.59 2.80 3.01 3.07 2.43 2.52 3.02 3.66 3.29 2.90 2.85 2.87

7 3.56 2.74 3.01 3.06 2.42 2.53 2.99 3.75 3.29 2.89 2.84 2.88

8 3.53 2.75 3.01 3.03 2.41 2.62 2.98 3.73 3.27 2.87 2.84 2.87

9 3.51 2.86 3.01 2.99 2.39 2.65 2.96 3.68 3.26 2.85 2.85 2.88

10 3.51 2.91 3.05 2.94 2.38 2.65 2.94 3.62 3.24 2.83 2.86 2.88

11 3.49 2.93 3.07 2.90 2.33 2.65 2.94 3.53 3.23 2.80 2.82 2.86

12 3.49 2.95 3.06 2.87 2.33 2.67 2.93 3.46 3.22 2.77 2.81 2.87

13 3.55 2.94 3.04 2.81 2.33 2.69 2.92 3.38 3.21 2.75 2.81 2.86

14 3.55 2.94 3.07 2.79 2.34 2.70 2.92 3.30 3.20 2.73 2.80 2.86

15 3.54 2.92 3.09 2.78 2.33 2.79 2.95 3.24 3.20 2.72 2.80 2.87

16 3.54 2.89 3.11 2.75 2.33 2.84 2.97 3.23 3.19 2.70 2.85 2.87

17 3.53 2.86 3.11 2.73 2.32 2.88 2.98 3.21 3.19 2.69 2.86 2.88

18 3.53 2.82 3.10 2.69 2.32 2.92 2.97 3.20 3.15 2.70 2.86 2.88

19 3.53 2.81 3.09 2.67 2.31 2.96 3.00 3.20 3.14 2.77 2.86 2.86

20 3.49 2.80 3.08 2.66 2.30 3.00 3.05 3.20 3.12 2.75 2.85 2.86

21 3.47 2.79 3.07 2.64 2.30 3.04 3.05 3.20 3.11 2.74 2.85 2.86

22 3.45 2.78 3.06 2.62 2.31 3.07 3.06 3.20 3.10 2.75 2.84 2.88

23 3.44 2.77 3.04 2.61 2.32 3.11 3.05 3.21 3.08 2.75 2.84 2.87

24 3.45 2.76 3.03 2.60 2.35 3.13 3.04 3.20 3.07 2.79 2.83 2.86

25 3.44 2.76 3.01 2.58 2.35 3.15 3.05 3.22 3.06 2.80 2.82 2.86

26 3.40 2.77 3.00 2.56 2.35 3.16 3.06 3.28 3.03 2.89 2.83 2.88

27 3.27 2.81 2.99 2.54 2.35 3.11 3.06 3.30 3.00 2.89 2.83 2.87

28 3.20 2.81 2.98 2.53 2.35 3.11 3.08 3.31 2.99 2.89 2.84 2.87

29 3.21 2.83 2.98 2.51 2.41 3.10 3.09 3.34 2.97 2.89 2.82 2.88

30 3.22 2.81 2.99 2.50 --- 3.12 3.13 3.33 2.97 2.89 2.81 2.89

31 3.24 --- 2.99 2.48 --- 3.12 --- 3.35 --- 2.89 2.80 ---

Mean 3.47 2.87 3.02 2.78 2.37 2.83 3.02 3.35 3.17 2.82 2.84 2.86

Max 3.60 3.22 3.11 3.07 2.47 3.16 3.13 3.75 3.34 2.96 2.89 2.89

Min 3.20 2.74 2.82 2.48 2.30 2.44 2.92 3.16 2.97 2.69 2.80 2.78
83

 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 1

2

3

4

5

6

GAGE HEIGHT, IN FEET

 

Stage hydrograph for Lake Kegonsa, 1993-2012.
84

05427235 LAKE KOSHKONONG NEAR NEWVILLE, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 42°51′27′′, long 88°56′27′′ referenced to North American Datum of 1927, in NW 1⁄4 NE 1⁄4 sec.34, T.5 N., R.13 E., 

Jefferson County, WI, Hydrologic Unit 07090001, 80 ft east of Pottawatomi Trail Bridge at Bingham Point Estates, and 4.5 mi 

northeast of Newville. 

SURFACE AREA.—16.34 mi2.

DRAINAGE AREA.--2,560 mi2

. 

PERIOD OF RECORD.--July 1987 to current year. 

GAGE.--Water-stage recorder. Datum of gage is 769.77 ft above NAVD of 1988 (Wisconsin Department of Transportation bench mark). 

REMARKS.--Lake level regulated by dam at Indianford. Gage-height telemeter at station. 

EXTREMES FOR PERIOD OF RECORD.--Maximum recorded gage height, 15.13 ft, June 21, 22, 2008; minimum recorded, 5.06 ft, 

Feb. 22, 2007.

EXTREMES FOR CURRENT YEAR.--Maximum recorded gage height, 8.19 ft, May 12, 13; minimum recorded gage height, 5.33 ft, 

Nov. 2. 

GAGE HEIGHT, FEET

WATER YEAR OCTOBER 2011 TO SEPTEMBER 2012

DAILY MEAN VALUES

Day Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep

1 6.35 5.37 6.78 6.68 5.89 6.46 7.69 7.14 6.75 6.09 6.18 6.03

2 6.30 5.41 6.76 6.62 5.95 6.58 7.67 7.17 6.66 6.08 6.17 6.00

3 6.25 5.51 6.77 6.55 6.03 6.73 7.66 7.19 6.58 6.08 6.16 6.00

4 6.20 5.53 6.85 6.50 6.09 6.82 7.63 7.23 6.50 6.08 6.17 6.00

5 6.16 5.56 6.88 6.48 6.16 6.88 7.59 7.28 6.42 6.07 6.23 6.06

6 6.12 5.60 6.89 6.45 6.22 6.94 7.53 7.41 6.34 6.06 6.19 6.06

7 6.11 5.68 6.93 6.42 6.27 7.01 7.48 7.65 6.26 6.05 6.16 6.06

8 6.14 5.75 6.95 6.39 6.29 7.18 7.46 7.82 6.19 6.00 6.14 6.07

9 6.16 5.94 6.96 6.38 6.32 7.32 7.43 7.96 6.17 5.98 6.14 6.07

10 6.17 6.09 6.92 6.37 6.34 7.43 7.36 8.07 6.18 5.96 6.16 6.05

11 6.18 6.23 6.87 6.37 6.29 7.57 7.26 8.13 6.23 5.94 6.12 6.04

12 6.19 6.41 6.84 6.35 6.26 7.68 7.20 8.18 6.26 5.92 6.10 6.05

13 6.27 6.59 6.82 6.29 6.24 7.77 7.12 8.18 6.23 5.92 6.09 6.05

14 6.33 6.73 6.86 6.21 6.23 7.82 7.08 8.15 6.23 5.94 6.08 6.04

15 6.34 6.84 6.94 6.15 6.23 7.86 7.06 8.11 6.23 5.94 6.07 6.03

16 6.33 6.94 6.94 6.10 6.23 7.88 7.13 8.04 6.24 5.93 6.16 6.03

17 6.34 6.97 6.97 6.07 6.25 7.88 7.11 7.95 6.26 5.92 6.19 6.04

18 6.33 6.96 6.99 6.04 6.26 7.89 7.08 7.86 6.23 5.92 6.18 6.04

19 6.32 7.00 7.00 6.00 6.26 7.90 7.06 7.78 6.24 6.00 6.18 5.98

20 6.24 7.00 7.01 5.98 6.26 7.90 7.09 7.70 6.22 5.99 6.18 6.02

21 6.11 6.97 7.01 5.95 6.26 7.90 7.05 7.61 6.25 5.99 6.17 6.01

22 5.96 6.94 7.00 5.91 6.26 7.89 7.06 7.49 6.22 6.00 6.16 6.05

23 5.85 6.91 6.98 5.90 6.26 7.91 7.08 7.38 6.20 6.01 6.14 6.03

24 5.80 6.88 6.93 5.89 6.28 7.89 7.08 7.23 6.19 6.04 6.13 6.01

25 5.72 6.87 6.88 5.88 6.29 7.88 7.10 7.18 6.15 6.05 6.12 6.01

26 5.67 6.87 6.84 5.88 6.29 7.83 7.13 7.11 6.13 6.16 6.11 6.01

27 5.60 6.90 6.82 5.87 6.30 7.77 7.11 7.03 6.10 6.17 6.12 6.00

28 5.54 6.84 6.74 5.86 6.31 7.80 7.11 6.98 6.12 6.16 6.10 6.00

29 5.50 6.85 6.69 5.86 6.38 7.73 7.11 7.00 6.11 6.16 6.08 6.00

30 5.42 6.79 6.67 5.85 --- 7.73 7.14 6.90 6.10 6.18 6.06 5.99

31 5.41 --- 6.65 5.86 --- 7.70 --- 6.81 --- 6.19 6.06 ---

Mean 6.05 6.43 6.88 6.16 6.23 7.53 7.26 7.54 6.27 6.03 6.14 6.03

Max 6.35 7.00 7.01 6.68 6.38 7.91 7.69 8.18 6.75 6.19 6.23 6.07

Min 5.41 5.37 6.65 5.85 5.89 6.46 7.05 6.81 6.10 5.92 6.06 5.98
85

 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

GAGE HEIGHT, IN FEET

Stage hydrograph for Lake Koshkonong, 1987-2012.
86

432255088134700 LITTLE CEDAR LAKE, NORTH SITE, NEAR WEST BEND, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 43°22'55", long 88°13'47", in NW 1⁄4 NE 1⁄4 sec.33, T.11 N., R.19 E., Washington County, Hydrologic Unit 04040003, 2.6 mi southwest of West 

Bend.

SURFACE AREA.--0.38 mi2

. 

PERIOD OF RECORD.--February 1997 to August 1999, February 2003 to current year.

REMARKS.--Lake sampled at center of northern basin at deep hole. The lake was not sampled during winter ice cover because of unsafe winter conditions. 

Water-quality analyses done by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene.

WATER-QUALITY DATA, JUNE 21 TO SEPTEMBER 20, 2012

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

 

 

 Specif- Chloro- 

 ic pH, phyll a Phos- 

 Trans- conduc- water, trichro phorus,

 parency Sam- Temper- tance, unfltrd Dis- -matic water,

 Secchi pling ature, wat unf field, solved method, unfltrd

 Date disc, depth, water, uS/cm @ std oxygen, uncorr, mg/L 

 meters meters deg C 25 degC units mg/L ug/L as P 

 (00078) (00098) (00010) (00095) (00400) (00300) (32210) (00665)

 

JUN 2012 

 21... 5.05 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 21... -- .50 26.2 520 8.8 8.5 1.72 .020 

 21... -- 7.0 13.8 568 7.5 .5 -- .040 

JUL 

 26... 4.25 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 26... -- .50 28.0 595 8.8 8.3 4.88 .017 

 26... -- 7.0 16.9 664 7.9 .4 -- .082 

AUG 

 24... 1.75 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 24... -- .50 23.5 522 8.8 9.9 10.9 .021 

 24... -- 7.0 17.5 601 7.2 .3 -- .089 

SEP 

 20... 4.25 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 20... -- .50 17.5 539 8.4 8.4 14.0 .027 

 20... -- 7.5 17.0 542 8.2 7.1 -- .031 
87

432255088134700 LITTLE CEDAR LAKE, NORTH SITE, NEAR WEST BEND, WI

LAKE-DEPTH PROFILES, JUNE 21 TO SEPTEMBER 20, 2012

0 10 20 30

8

6

4

2

0

0 10 20

DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

0 10 20 30

8

6

4

2

0

0 10 20

0 10 20 30

8

6

4

2

0

0 10 20

SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELSIUS

06-21-12 07-26-12

400 500 600 700

8

6

4

2

0

6 7 8 9 10

400 500 600 700

8

6

4

2

0

6 7 8 9 10

0 10 20 30

8

6

4

2

0

0 10 20

08-24-12 09-20-12

400 500 600 700

8

6

4

2

0

6 7 8 9 10

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS

400 500 600 700

8

6

4

2

0

6 7 8 9 10

WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELSIUS

W.T.

D.O.

S.C.

pH

DEPTH, IN METERS DEPTH, IN METERS
88

 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 20

30

40

50

60

70

Total Phosphorus

Chlorophyll a

Secchi depth

Eutrophic

 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 0

10

20

30

40

50

60

 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 0.00

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

0.07

0.08

0.09

CHLOROPHYLL a CONCENTRATION, IN MICROGRAMS PER LITER SECCHI DEPTH, IN METERS TROPHIC STATE INDEX

 Surface total phosphorus, chlorophyll a concentrations, Secchi depths,

and TSI data for Little Cedar Lake, North Site, near West Bend, Wisconsin.

Mesotrophic

TOTAL PHOSPHORUS CONCENTRATION, IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

Oligotrophic
89

432249088134500 LITTLE CEDAR LAKE, SOUTH SITE, NEAR WEST BEND, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 43°22'49", long 88°13'45", in NW 1⁄4 SE 1⁄4 sec.33, T.11 N., R.19 E., Washington County, Hydrologic Unit 04040003, 2.8 mi southwest of West 

Bend.

SURFACE AREA.--0.38 mi2. 

PERIOD OF RECORD.--February 1997 to August 1999, February 2003 to current year.

REMARKS.--Lake sampled in southern basin at deep hole. The lake was not sampled during winter ice cover because of unsafe winter conditions. Water-quality 

analyses done by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene.

WATER-QUALITY DATA, MAY 4 TO SEPTEMBER 20, 2012

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

 Specif- Chloro- Ortho- Ammonia Nitrate

 ic pH, phyll a Phos- phos- Total + + 

 Trans- conduc- water, trichro phorus, phate, nitro- Ammonia org-N, nitrite

 parency Sam- Temper- tance, unfltrd Dis- -matic water, water, gen, water, water, water,

 Secchi pling ature, wat unf field, solved method, unfltrd fltrd, water, fltrd, unfltrd fltrd,

 Date disc, depth, water, uS/cm @ std oxygen, uncorr, mg/L mg/L unfltrd mg/L mg/L mg/L 

 meters meters deg C 25 degC units mg/L ug/L as P as P mg/L as N as N as N 

 (00078) (00098) (00010) (00095) (00400) (00300) (32210) (00665) (00671) (00600) (00608) (00625) (00631)

 

MAY 2012 

 04... 5.65 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 04... -- .50 15.0 527 8.0 10.6 1.51 .051 <.002 .84 .033 .80 .036 

JUN 

 21... 4.65 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 21... -- .50 25.1 534 8.6 8.6 1.70 .016 -- -- -- -- -- 

 21... -- 15.0 7.3 577 7.3 .6 -- .035 -- -- -- -- -- 

JUL 

 26... 7.55 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 26... -- .50 27.3 615 8.6 8.3 1.84 .012 .004 .49 -- -- -- 

 26... -- 14.5 8.6 661 8.6 .1 -- .110 -- -- -- -- -- 

AUG 

 24... 4.15 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 24... -- .50 23.5 529 8.6 8.8 2.40 .013 -- -- -- -- -- 

 24... -- 15.5 8.4 588 7.5 .1 -- .170 -- -- -- -- -- 

SEP 

 20... 4.35 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 20... -- .50 18.4 534 8.5 8.2 3.15 .014 -- -- -- -- -- 

 20... -- 15.5 8.7 588 7.1 .2 -- .180 -- -- -- -- -- 
90

432249088134500 LITTLE CEDAR LAKE, SOUTH SITE, NEAR WEST BEND, WI

WATER-QUALITY DATA, MAY 4 TO SEPTEMBER 20, 2012

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

 Turbdty Appar- ANC, 

 white ent wat unf 

 light, color, Hard- Magnes- Potas- fixed Chlor- Silica, Manga- 

 det ang water, ness, Calcium ium, Sodium, sium, end pt, ide, Sulfate water, Iron, nese, 

 90+/-30 unfltrd water, water, water, water, water, lab, water, water, fltrd, water, water,

 Date degrees Pt-Co mg/L as fltrd, fltrd, fltrd, fltrd, mg/L as fltrd, fltrd, mg/L as fltrd, fltrd,

 NTU units CaCO3 mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L CaCO3 mg/L mg/L SiO2 ug/L ug/L 

 (63675) (00081) (00900) (00915) (00925) (00930) (00935) (00417) (00940) (00945) (00955) (01046) (01056)

 

MAY 2012 

 04... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 04... 1.1 10 222 34.2 33.1 24.7 1.70 182 52.3 18.8 1.41 <100 <1.0 

JUN 

 21... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 21... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 21... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

JUL 

 26... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 26... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

AUG 

 24... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 24... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 24... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

SEP 

 20... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 20... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 20... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 Dis- 

 solved

 solids

 dried @

 180degC

 Date wat flt

 mg/L 

 (70300)

 

MAY 2012 

 04... -- 

 04... 282 
91

432249088134500 LITTLE CEDAR LAKE, SOUTH SITE, NEAR WEST BEND, WI

LAKE-DEPTH PROFILES, MAY 4 TO SEPTEMBER 20, 2012

0 10 20 30

18

15

12

9

6

3

0

0 10 20

0 10 20 30

18

15

12

9

6

3

0

0 10 20

SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELSIUS

05-04-12 06-21-12

0 10 20 30

18

15

12

9

6

3

0

0 10 20

0 10 20 30

18

15

12

9

6

3

0

0 10 20

07-26-12

DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

0 10 20 30

18

15

12

9

6

3

0

0 10 20

08-24-12 09-20-12

500 550 600 650

18

15

12

9

6

3

0

6 7 8 9 10

500 550 600 650

18

15

12

9

6

3

0

6 7 8 9 10

WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELSIUS

500 550 600 650

18

15

12

9

6

3

0

6 7 8 9 10

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS

500 550 600 650

18

15

12

9

6

3

0

6 7 8 9 10

500 550 600 650

18

15

12

9

6

3

0

6 7 8 9 10

W.T.

D.O.

S.C.

pH

DEPTH, IN METERS DEPTH, IN METERS
92

 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 20

30

40

50

60

70

Total Phosphorus

Chlorophyll a

Secchi depth

Eutrophic

 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 11

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 0

10

20

30

40

50

60

 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 0.00

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

0.07

0.08

0.09

CHLOROPHYLL a CONCENTRATION, IN MICROGRAMS PER LITER SECCHI DEPTH, IN METERS TROPHIC STATE INDEX

 Surface total phosphorus, chlorophyll a concentrations, Secchi depths,

and TSI data for Little Cedar Lake, South Site, near West Bend, Wisconsin.

Mesotrophic

TOTAL PHOSPHORUS CONCENTRATION, IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

Oligotrophic
93

05428000 LAKE MENDOTA AT MADISON, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 43°05′42′′, long 89°22′12′′ referenced to North American Datum of 1927, in NW 1⁄4 SE 1⁄4 sec.12, T.7 N., R.9 E., Dane 

County, WI, Hydrologic Unit 07090001, in county boat house at dam at outlet, in Madison. 

SURFACE AREA.—15.2 mi2

. 

DRAINAGE AREA.--233 mi2 of which 36.6 mi2 probably is noncontributing. 

PERIOD OF RECORD.--January 1916 to January 1985 (incomplete), February 1985 to current year. 

REVISED RECORDS.--WDR WI-73-1: Drainage area. 

GAGE.--Water-stage recorder. Datum of gage is 840.00 ft above NGVD of 1929, or 5.60 ft below City of Madison datum. Prior to Oct. 1, 

1979, gage datum was 847.82 ft; prior to Nov. 15, 1971, nonrecording gage at same site at the higher datum. 

REMARKS.--Lake level regulated by concrete dam with two 12-foot gates and 20-foot lock at outlet. Gage-height telemeter at station. 

EXTREMES FOR PERIOD OF RECORD.--Maximum gage height observed, 12.75 ft, June 5, 2000; minimum observed, 8.02 ft, Feb. 24 

to Mar. 10, 1920, current datum. 

EXTREMES FOR CURRENT YEAR.--Maximum recorded gage height, 10.30 ft, Nov. 13; minimum recorded, 8.53 ft, Feb. 11, 12, 13. 

GAGE HEIGHT, FEET

WATER YEAR OCTOBER 2011 TO SEPTEMBER 2012

DAILY MEAN VALUES

Day Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep

1 9.92 9.87 9.50 8.73 8.43 8.55 9.51 9.92 9.79 9.57 9.49 ---

2 9.92 9.89 9.44 8.70 8.43 8.61 9.52 9.96 9.78 9.56 9.48 ---

3 9.92 9.93 9.43 8.57 8.44 8.64 9.55 9.99 9.76 9.55 9.47 ---

4 9.92 9.92 9.51 8.61 8.45 8.66 9.56 9.99 9.75 9.54 9.47 ---

5 9.93 9.89 9.50 8.60 8.45 8.67 9.56 9.97 9.74 9.52 9.47 9.37

6 9.93 9.88 9.47 8.60 8.45 8.68 9.56 10.02 9.74 9.51 9.44 9.37

7 9.92 9.87 9.44 8.59 8.45 8.71 9.56 10.08 9.74 9.49 9.42 9.36

8 9.93 9.92 9.40 8.58 8.45 8.81 9.57 10.08 9.74 9.45 9.41 9.35

9 9.93 10.08 9.36 8.56 8.44 8.85 9.58 10.07 9.73 9.43 9.43 9.34

10 9.93 10.15 9.29 8.55 8.45 8.87 9.56 10.05 9.71 9.40 9.44 9.31

11 9.94 10.16 9.24 8.55 8.44 8.89 9.54 10.03 9.73 9.38 9.41 9.29

12 9.95 10.16 9.20 8.56 8.43 8.95 9.54 10.02 9.73 9.35 9.40 9.29

13 10.05 10.16 9.16 8.56 8.43 8.99 9.53 10.00 9.70 9.33 9.39 9.29

14 10.08 10.15 9.17 8.54 8.44 9.01 9.54 9.97 9.68 9.32 9.39 9.27

15 10.06 10.14 9.20 8.52 8.43 9.03 9.61 9.95 9.68 9.30 9.38 9.26

16 10.05 10.11 9.15 8.51 8.43 9.05 9.66 9.92 9.69 9.29 9.42 9.25

17 10.03 10.05 9.11 8.51 8.43 9.07 9.66 9.87 9.70 9.28 9.42 9.25

18 10.02 9.98 9.08 8.51 8.44 9.09 9.65 9.84 9.68 9.32 9.40 9.23

19 10.02 9.95 9.05 8.49 8.43 9.13 9.67 9.81 9.68 9.42 9.40 9.19

20 10.01 9.92 9.01 8.50 8.43 9.16 9.77 9.80 9.67 9.40 9.42 9.19

21 9.98 9.87 8.98 8.50 8.43 9.18 9.79 9.78 9.69 9.39 9.41 9.17

22 9.98 9.84 8.96 8.49 8.43 9.21 9.80 9.76 9.67 9.38 9.39 9.18

23 9.99 9.79 8.91 8.50 8.44 9.28 9.81 9.73 9.64 9.37 9.36 9.15

24 10.00 9.75 8.87 8.49 8.46 9.31 9.81 9.70 9.64 9.41 9.35 9.13

25 10.02 9.71 8.83 8.48 8.46 9.34 9.82 9.71 9.62 --- 9.35 9.11

26 9.99 9.70 8.78 8.47 8.45 9.33 9.85 9.74 9.60 9.54 --- 9.11

27 9.97 9.69 8.76 8.46 8.45 9.33 9.83 9.76 9.58 9.54 --- 9.11

28 9.96 9.63 8.70 8.45 8.45 9.37 9.83 9.77 9.59 9.53 --- 9.10

29 9.95 9.60 8.67 8.45 8.52 9.37 9.85 9.82 9.59 9.52 --- 9.10

30 9.92 9.54 8.67 8.43 --- 9.44 9.91 9.79 9.58 9.52 --- 9.10

31 9.91 --- 8.66 8.43 --- 9.49 --- 9.79 --- 9.51 --- ---

Mean 9.97 9.91 9.11 8.53 8.44 9.03 9.67 9.89 9.69 --- --- ---

Max 10.08 10.16 9.51 8.73 8.52 9.49 9.91 10.08 9.79 --- --- ---

Min 9.91 9.54 8.66 8.43 8.43 8.55 9.51 9.70 9.58 --- --- ---
94

1916 1926 1936 1946 1956 1966 1976 1986 1996 2006 2016 0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

GAGE HEIGHT, IN FEET

DATUM CHANGE

Stage hydrograph for Lake Mendota, 1916-2012.
95

430251088284700 MIDDLE GENESEE LAKE, AT GENESEE LAKE ROAD, NEAR OCONOMOWOC, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 43°02'51", long 88°28'47", in SW 1⁄4 SW 1⁄4 SW 1⁄4 sec.22, T. 7 N., R.17 E., Waukesha County, Hydrologic 

Unit 07090001, at the southwest side of the lake about 2 miles south of Oconomowoc.

SURFACE AREA.--0.17 mi2. 

DRAINAGE AREA.--Unknown.

PERIOD OF RECORD.--April 1996 to current year.

GAGE.--Staff gage. Local observer, Tom Schubring provided most readings of gage. Datum of gage is about 0.0 ft above 

NGVD of 1929.

EXTREMES FOR THE PERIOD OF RECORD.--Maximum observed gage height, 869.65 ft, July 12, 2008; minimum observed, 

863.88 ft, Oct. 31, 2005.

EXTREMES FOR CURRENT YEAR.--Maximum observed gage height, 865.96 ft, May 29; minimum observed, 864.18 ft, Sept. 

30. 

Date Gage Height, ft Date Gage Height, ft Date Gage Height, ft

October 2 865.81 May 10 865.90 July 23 864.92

5 865.75 14 865.92 26 865.10

10 865.67 25 865.86 27 865.10

11 865.65 27 865.88 30 865.02

13 865.71 29 865.96 August 2 864.98

18 865.65 30 865.92 7 864.90

20 865.55 June 2 865.90 12 864.82

28 865.47 7 865.86 15 864.78

31 865.45 11 865.78 16 864.86

November 4 865.49 14 865.72 23 864.72

11 865.57 20 865.62 27 864.66

20 865.47 23 865.54 31 864.60

30 865.45 28 865.40 September 3 864.56

April 21 865.58 30 865.38 10 864.48

24 865.56 July 1 865.37 12 864.44

30 865.58 5 865.30 16 864.38

May 2 865.62 8 865.16 23 864.28

3 865.64 16 864.98 27 864.20

4 865.74 18 864.94 30 864.18

7 865.88 19 865.02

GAGE HEIGHT, FT

WATER YEAR OCTOBER 2011 TO SEPTEMBER 2012
96

 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 860

861

862

863

864

865

866

867

868

869

870

GAGE HEIGHT, IN FEET

 

Stage hydrograph for Middle Genesee Lake, 1996-2012.
97

05429000 LAKE MONONA AT MADISON, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 43°03′48′′, long 89°23′49′′ referenced to North American Datum of 1927, in SE 1⁄4 SW 1⁄4 sec.23, T.7 N., R.9 E., Dane 

County, WI, Hydrologic Unit 07090001, in Brittingham Park, in Madison. 

SURFACE AREA.--5.3 mi2

. 

DRAINAGE AREA.--279 mi2 of which 36.6 mi2 probably is noncontributing. 

PERIOD OF RECORD.--September 1915 to current year (fragmentary) in reports of the Geological Survey. For 1856 to March 1917 in 

reports of Wisconsin Railroad Commission, volume 19. 

REVISED RECORDS.--WSP 1338: Lake area. WDR WI-73-1: Drainage area. 

GAGE.--Water-stage recorder. Datum of gage is 840.00 ft above NGVD of 1929, or 5.60 ft below City of Madison datum. Prior to Oct. 1, 

1979, datum 843.61 ft; prior to Nov. 15, 1971, nonrecording gage at same site. 

REMARKS.--Lake level regulated by concrete dam with four 12-foot stop-log sections and 12-foot lock at outlet of Lake Waubesa. 

Gage-height telemeter at station. 

EXTREMES FOR PERIOD OF RECORD.--Maximum gage height observed, 7.92 ft, June 15, 2008; minimum observed, 3.22 ft, Jan. 

20, 1965, current datum. 

EXTREMES FOR CURRENT YEAR.--Maximum recorded gage height, 5.40 ft, May 7; minimum recorded, 4.10 ft, March 28, current 

datum. 
98

05429000 LAKE MONONA AT MADISON, WI

GAGE HEIGHT, FEET

WATER YEAR OCTOBER 2011 TO SEPTEMBER 2012

DAILY MEAN VALUES

Day Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep

1 4.95 4.50 5.05 4.96 4.45 4.26 4.27 4.94 4.96 4.51 4.78 4.64

2 4.93 4.55 5.04 4.90 4.44 4.24 4.30 5.00 4.93 4.51 4.77 4.62

3 4.91 4.63 5.09 4.90 4.41 4.23 4.30 5.08 4.93 4.50 4.77 4.61

4 4.89 4.65 5.19 4.89 4.39 4.21 4.30 5.18 4.94 4.49 4.76 4.61

5 4.88 4.66 5.20 4.87 4.36 4.19 4.31 5.20 4.94 4.49 4.74 4.64

6 4.86 4.68 5.20 4.84 4.35 4.17 4.30 5.30 4.91 4.48 4.72 4.63

7 4.85 4.68 5.18 4.79 4.33 4.18 4.31 5.40 4.89 4.48 4.70 4.63

8 4.83 4.74 5.17 4.76 4.31 4.21 4.32 5.39 4.86 4.45 4.70 4.60

9 4.81 4.90 5.15 4.73 4.29 4.20 4.30 5.37 4.84 4.44 4.73 4.60

10 4.78 5.00 5.15 4.69 4.28 4.20 4.28 5.34 4.83 4.42 4.72 4.59

11 4.76 5.03 5.15 4.67 4.26 4.19 4.30 5.30 4.81 4.40 4.69 4.58

12 4.74 5.03 5.15 4.65 4.25 4.21 4.33 5.27 4.76 4.38 4.68 4.56

13 4.80 5.03 5.14 4.63 4.24 4.21 4.35 5.23 4.73 4.37 4.68 4.54

14 4.76 5.02 5.21 4.61 4.25 4.20 4.37 5.21 4.71 4.36 4.67 4.52

15 4.69 5.00 5.21 4.59 4.24 4.20 4.47 5.20 4.69 4.35 4.66 4.51

16 4.65 4.99 5.21 4.58 4.22 4.18 4.50 5.20 4.67 4.34 4.71 4.50

17 4.60 4.97 5.21 4.57 4.21 4.17 4.50 5.19 4.66 4.33 4.72 4.48

18 4.57 4.99 5.20 4.55 4.20 4.15 4.51 5.18 4.65 4.49 4.72 4.45

19 4.53 5.00 5.19 4.53 4.19 4.16 4.56 5.18 4.65 4.70 4.72 4.42

20 4.45 4.99 5.18 4.52 4.19 4.15 4.67 5.15 4.64 4.67 4.73 4.41

21 4.43 4.99 5.18 4.52 4.19 4.14 4.71 5.09 4.65 4.65 4.72 4.40

22 4.42 4.99 5.17 4.51 4.18 4.14 4.73 5.05 4.61 4.64 4.70 4.39

23 4.39 4.99 5.15 4.53 4.17 4.17 4.72 5.03 4.60 4.63 4.69 4.37

24 4.42 5.00 5.14 4.52 4.18 4.16 4.74 5.00 4.59 4.70 4.68 4.35

25 4.43 5.04 5.12 4.51 4.17 4.15 4.78 4.97 4.58 4.72 4.68 4.35

26 4.43 5.07 5.10 4.50 4.17 4.14 4.79 5.02 4.54 4.82 4.69 4.35

27 4.43 5.08 5.10 4.48 4.15 4.13 4.80 5.01 4.53 4.82 4.68 4.34

28 4.43 5.07 5.08 4.47 4.15 4.10 4.83 5.00 4.52 4.82 4.67 4.33

29 4.44 5.05 5.08 4.45 4.24 4.11 4.84 4.98 4.51 4.80 4.67 4.33

30 4.47 5.04 5.08 4.44 --- 4.20 4.91 4.95 4.51 4.79 4.65 4.33

31 4.48 --- 5.03 4.44 --- 4.25 --- 5.00 --- 4.79 4.65 ---

Mean 4.65 4.91 5.15 4.63 4.26 4.18 4.51 5.14 4.72 4.56 4.70 4.49

Max 4.95 5.08 5.21 4.96 4.45 4.26 4.91 5.40 4.96 4.82 4.78 4.64

Min 4.39 4.50 5.03 4.44 4.15 4.10 4.27 4.94 4.51 4.33 4.65 4.33
99

1916 1926 1936 1946 1956 1966 1976 1986 1996 2006 2016 0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

GAGE HEIGHT, IN FEET

DATUM CHANGE

Stage hydrograph for Lake Monona, 1915-2012.
100

430551088273500 OCONOMOWOC LAKE NO. 1 (CENTER) AT OCONOMOWOC, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 43°05'51", long 88°27'35", in NW 1⁄4 SE 1⁄4 sec.2, T.7 N., R.17 E., Waukesha County, Hydrologic Unit 07090001, at Oconomowoc.

SURFACE AREA.--1.20 mi2

. 

PERIOD OF RECORD.--March 1986 to current year.

REMARKS.--Lake sampled near center at the deep hole. The lake was not sampled during winter ice cover because of unsafe winter conditions. Water-quality 

analyses done by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene.

WATER-QUALITY DATA, APRIL 3 TO SEPTEMBER 19, 2012

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

 Specif- Chloro- Ortho- Ammonia Nitrate

 ic pH, phyll a Phos- phos- Total + + 

 Trans- conduc- water, trichro phorus, phate, nitro- Ammonia org-N, nitrite

 parency Sam- Temper- tance, unfltrd Dis- -matic water, water, gen, water, water, water,

 Secchi pling ature, wat unf field, solved method, unfltrd fltrd, water, fltrd, unfltrd fltrd,

 Date disc, depth, water, uS/cm @ std oxygen, uncorr, mg/L mg/L unfltrd mg/L mg/L mg/L 

 meters meters deg C 25 degC units mg/L ug/L as P as P mg/L as N as N as N 

 (00078) (00098) (00010) (00095) (00400) (00300) (32210) (00665) (00671) (00600) (00608) (00625) (00631)

 

APR 2012 

 03... 5.95 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 03... -- .50 9.9 568 8.2 11.5 2.93 .010 .003 .63 .017 .53 .104 

JUN 

 19... 5.75 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 19... -- .50 24.8 552 8.2 9.2 1.26 .011 -- -- -- -- -- 

 19... -- 17.0 7.9 596 7.4 1.6 -- .024 -- -- -- -- -- 

JUL 

 25... 5.45 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 25... -- .50 26.7 541 8.5 8.1 2.12 .008 -- -- -- -- -- 

 25... -- 17.0 7.9 604 7.6 .1 -- .018 -- -- -- -- -- 

AUG 

 17... 4.25 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 17... -- .50 23.2 538 8.5 8.6 2.08 .006 -- -- -- -- -- 

 17... -- 18.0 7.9 616 8.2 .1 -- .050 -- -- -- -- -- 

SEP 

 19... 5.05 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 19... -- .50 19.3 544 8.5 8.4 3.07 .011 -- -- -- -- -- 

 19... -- 18.0 8.3 604 7.3 .2 -- .026 -- -- -- -- -- 
101

430551088273500 OCONOMOWOC LAKE NO. 1 (CENTER) AT OCONOMOWOC, WI

WATER-QUALITY DATA, APRIL 3 TO SEPTEMBER 19, 2012

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

 Turbdty Appar- ANC, 

 white ent wat unf 

 light, color, Hard- Magnes- Potas- fixed Chlor- Silica, Manga- 

 det ang water, ness, Calcium ium, Sodium, sium, end pt, ide, Sulfate water, Iron, nese, 

 90+/-30 unfltrd water, water, water, water, water, lab, water, water, fltrd, water, water,

 Date degrees Pt-Co mg/L as fltrd, fltrd, fltrd, fltrd, mg/L as fltrd, fltrd, mg/L as fltrd, fltrd,

 NTU units CaCO3 mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L CaCO3 mg/L mg/L SiO2 ug/L ug/L 

 (63675) (00081) (00900) (00915) (00925) (00930) (00935) (00417) (00940) (00945) (00955) (01046) (01056)

 

APR 2012 

 03... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 03... .8 5 245 44.9 32.3 22.3 2.00 209 50.4 23.7 5.90 <100 <1.0 

JUN 

 19... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 19... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 19... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

JUL 

 25... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 25... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 25... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

AUG 

 17... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 17... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 17... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

SEP 

 19... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 19... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 19... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 Dis- 

 solved

 solids

 dried @

 180degC

 Date wat flt

 mg/L 

 (70300)

 

APR 2012 

 03... -- 

 03... 318 
102

 

430551088273500 OCONOMOWOC LAKE NO. 1 (CENTER) AT OCONOMOWOC, WI

LAKE-DEPTH PROFILES, APRIL 3 TO SEPTEMBER 19, 2012

0 10 20 30

20

16

12

8

4

0

0 10 20

0 10 20 30

20

16

12

8

4

0

0 10 20

SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELSIUS

04-03-12 06-19-12

0 10 20 30

20

16

12

8

4

0

0 10 20

07-25-12

DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

0 10 20 30

20

16

12

8

4

0

0 10 20

0 10 20 30

20

16

12

8

4

0

0 10 20

08-17-12 09-19-12

200 400 600 800

20

16

12

8

4

0

6 7 8 9 10

200 400 600 800

20

16

12

8

4

0

6 7 8 9 10

WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELSIUS

200 400 600 800

20

16

12

8

4

0

6 7 8 9 10

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS

200 400 600 800

20

16

12

8

4

0

6 7 8 9 10

200 400 600 800

20

16

12

8

4

0

6 7 8 9 10

W.T.

D.O.

S.C.

pH

DEPTH, IN METERS DEPTH, IN METERS
103

 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 20

30

40

50

60

70

Total Phosphorus

Chlorophyll a

Secchi depth

 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 0.00

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

CHLOROPHYLL a CONCENTRATION, IN MICROGRAMS PER LITER SECCHI DEPTH, IN METERS TROPHIC STATE INDEX

 Surface total phosphorus, chlorophyll a concentrations, Secchi depths,

and TSI data for Oconomowoc Lake, Center Site, at Oconomowoc, Wisconsin.

(Open circles on the first two plots indicate laboratory detection limit for selected analyses.

 Actual concentrations for these particular analyses are less than the plotted circles.)

Eutrophic

Mesotrophic

TOTAL PHOSPHORUS CONCENTRATION, IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

Oligotrophic
104

430609088262200 OCONOMOWOC LAKE NO. 2 (OFF HEWITT POINT) AT OCONOMOWOC, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 43°06'09", long 88°26'22", in NW 1⁄4 NW 1⁄4 sec.1, T.7 N., R.17 E., Waukesha County, Hydrologic Unit 07090001, at Oconomowoc.

SURFACE AREA.—1.20 mi2

. 

PERIOD OF RECORD.--March 1986 to current year.

REMARKS.--Lake sampled at the deepest point in northeast bay near Hewitt Point. The lake was not sampled during winter ice cover because of unsafe winter 

conditions. Water-quality analyses done by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene.

WATER-QUALITY DATA, JUNE 19 TO SEPTEMBER 19, 2012

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

 Specif- Chloro- 

 ic pH, phyll a Phos- 

 Trans- conduc- water, trichro phorus,

 parency Sam- Temper- tance, unfltrd Dis- -matic water,

 Secchi pling ature, wat unf field, solved method, unfltrd

 Date disc, depth, water, uS/cm @ std oxygen, uncorr, mg/L 

 meters meters deg C 25 degC units mg/L ug/L as P 

 (00078) (00098) (00010) (00095) (00400) (00300) (32210) (00665)

 

JUN 2012 

 19... 3.45 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 19... -- .50 25.3 597 8.4 9.2 1.52 .013 

 19... -- 14.0 7.0 682 7.3 .7 -- .035 

JUL 

 25... 3.55 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 25... -- .50 26.9 597 8.4 8.4 2.48 .009 

 25... -- 14.0 7.5 687 7.4 .3 -- .039 

AUG 

 17... 4.25 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 17... -- .50 23.2 595 8.4 9.1 3.74 .007 

 17... -- 14.5 7.5 726 7.7 .2 -- .028 

SEP 

 19... 4.55 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 19... -- .50 19.1 595 8.4 9.0 3.39 .011 

 19... -- 14.5 9.0 668 7.6 .3 -- .039
105

430609088262200 OCONOMOWOC LAKE NO. 2 (OFF HEWITT POINT) AT OCONOMOWOC, WI

LAKE-DEPTH PROFILES, JUNE 19 TO SEPTEMBER 19, 2012

0 10 20 30

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

0 10 20

SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELSIUS

06-19-12 07-25-12

0 10 20 30

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

0 10 20

08-17-12 09-19-12

0 10 20 30

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

0 10 20

DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

0 10 20 30

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

0 10 20

550 600 650 700 750

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

6 7 8 9 10

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS

550 600 650 700 750

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

6 7 8 9 10

550 600 650 700 750

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

6 7 8 9 10

550 600 650 700 750

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

6 7 8 9 10

WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELSIUS

W.T.

D.O.

S.C.

pH

DEPTH, IN METERS DEPTH, IN METERS
106

 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 20

30

40

50

60

70

Total Phosphorus

Chlorophyll a

Secchi depth

 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 12

11

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 0.00

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

CHLOROPHYLL a CONCENTRATION, IN MICROGRAMS PER LITER SECCHI DEPTH, IN METERS TROPHIC STATE INDEX

 Surface total phosphorus, chlorophyll a concentrations, Secchi depths,

and TSI data for Oconomowoc Lake, Hewitt Point, at Oconomowoc, Wisconsin.

(Open circles on the first two plots indicate laboratory detection limit for selected analyses.

 Actual concentrations for these particular analyses are less than the plotted circles.)

Eutrophic

Mesotrophic

TOTAL PHOSPHORUS CONCENTRATION, IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

Oligotrophic
107

430723088252100 OKAUCHEE LAKE AT OKAUCHEE, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 43°07'23", long 88°25'21", in SE 1⁄4 SE 1⁄4 sec.25, T.8 N., R.17 E., Waukesha County, Hydrologic Unit 07090001, at Okauchee.

DRAINAGE AREA.--80.7 mi2

. 

PERIOD OF RECORD.--February 1984 to September 2006, April to August 2008, April to August 2010, April to August 2012. 

REMARKS.--Lake sampled near center at the deep hole. The lake was not sampled during winter ice cover because of unsafe winter conditions. Water-quality 

analyses done by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene.

WATER-QUALITY DATA, APRIL 2 TO SEPTEMBER 19, 2012

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

 Specif- Chloro- Ortho- Ammonia Nitrate

 ic pH, phyll a Phos- phos- Total + + 

 Trans- conduc- water, trichro phorus, phate, nitro- Ammonia org-N, nitrite

 parency Sam- Temper- tance, unfltrd Dis- -matic water, water, gen, water, water, water,

 Secchi pling ature, wat unf field, solved method, unfltrd fltrd, water, fltrd, unfltrd fltrd,

 Date disc, depth, water, uS/cm @ std oxygen, uncorr, mg/L mg/L unfltrd mg/L mg/L mg/L 

 meters meters deg C 25 degC units mg/L ug/L as P as P mg/L as N as N as N 

 (00078) (00098) (00010) (00095) (00400) (00300) (32210) (00665) (00671) (00600) (00608) (00625) (00631)

 

APR 2012 

 02... 4.65 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 02... -- .50 10.0 577 7.9 11.6 3.53 .015 <.002 .91 <.015 .64 .265 

JUN 

 19... 2.75 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 19... -- .50 24.7 547 8.2 9.1 3.91 .016 -- -- -- -- -- 

 19... -- 27.0 4.6 607 7.4 .2 -- .025 -- -- -- -- -- 

JUL 

 25... 2.65 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 25... -- .50 26.4 523 8.6 8.4 4.75 .014 -- -- -- -- -- 

 25... -- 27.0 4.9 603 7.4 .1 -- .020 -- -- -- -- -- 

AUG 

 17... 2.95 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 17... -- .50 22.8 517 8.6 8.5 5.03 .011 -- -- -- -- -- 

 17... -- 28.0 4.9 616 7.8 .1 -- .023 -- -- -- -- -- 

SEP 

 19... 3.55 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 19... -- .50 19.2 522 8.6 8.6 5.47 .015 -- -- -- -- -- 

 19... -- 28.0 5.0 618 7.1 .1 -- .039 -- -- -- -- -- 
108

430723088252100 OKAUCHEE LAKE AT OKAUCHEE, WI

WATER-QUALITY DATA, APRIL 2 TO SEPTEMBER 19, 2012

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

 Turbdty Appar- ANC, 

 white ent wat unf 

 light, color, Hard- Magnes- Potas- fixed Chlor- Silica, Manga- 

 det ang water, ness, Calcium ium, Sodium, sium, end pt, ide, Sulfate water, Iron, nese, 

 90+/-30 unfltrd water, water, water, water, water, lab, water, water, fltrd, water, water,

 Date degrees Pt-Co mg/L as fltrd, fltrd, fltrd, fltrd, mg/L as fltrd, fltrd, mg/L as fltrd, fltrd,

 NTU units CaCO3 mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L CaCO3 mg/L mg/L SiO2 ug/L ug/L 

 (63675) (00081) (00900) (00915) (00925) (00930) (00935) (00417) (00940) (00945) (00955) (01046) (01056)

 

APR 2012 

 02... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 02... <1.0 10 261 51.1 32.5 18.8 2.00 226 43.9 23.9 5.20 <100 <1.0 

JUN 

 19... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 19... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 19... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

JUL 

 25... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 25... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 25... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

AUG 

 17... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 17... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 17... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

SEP 

 19... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 19... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 19... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 Dis- 

 solved

 solids

 dried @

 180degC

 Date wat flt

 mg/L 

 (70300)

 

APR 2012 

 02... -- 

 02... 334 
109

430723088252100 OKAUCHEE LAKE AT OKAUCHEE, WI

LAKE-DEPTH PROFILES, APRIL 3 TO SEPTEMBER 19, 2012

0 10 20 30

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

0 10 20

0 10 20 30

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

0 10 20

SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELSIUS

04-03-12 06-19-12

0 10 20 30

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

0 10 20

07-25-12

DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

0 10 20 30

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

0 10 20

08-17-12 09-19-12

0 10 20 30

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

0 10 20

500 550 600 650

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

6 7 8 9 10

500 550 600 650

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

6 7 8 9 10

WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELSIUS

500 550 600 650

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

6 7 8 9 10

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS

500 550 600 650

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

6 7 8 9 10

500 550 600 650

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

6 7 8 9 10

W.T.

D.O.

pH S.C.

DEPTH, IN METERS DEPTH, IN METERS
110

 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Total Phosphorus

Chlorophyll a

Secchi depth

 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 0

5

10

15

20

25

30

 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 0.00

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

CHLOROPHYLL a CONCENTRATION, IN MICROGRAMS PER LITER SECCHI DEPTH, IN METERS TROPHIC STATE INDEX

Surface total phosphorus, chlorophyll a concentrations, Secchi depths, 

 and TSI data for Okauchee Lake, near Okauchee, Wisconsin.

(Open circles on the first two plots indicate laboratory detection limit for selected analyses.

 Actual concentrations for these particular analyses are less than the plotted circles.)

Eutrophic

Mesotrophic

TOTAL PHOSPHORUS CONCENTRATION, IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

Oligotrophic
111

430759088244200 OKAUCHEE LAKE, NO. 1, NEAR OKAUCHEE, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 43°07'59", long 88°24'42", in NE 1⁄4 NW 1⁄4 sec.30, T.8 N., R.18 E., Waukesha County, Hydrologic Unit 07090001, near Okauchee. 

PERIOD OF RECORD.--April 1986 to September 2006, April to August 2008, April to August 2010, April to August 2012. 

REMARKS.--Lake sampled in Crane’s Nest Bay, in the northeast part of the lake, at an approximate depth of 2 m. Water-quality analyses done by Wisconsin 

State Laboratory of Hygiene.

WATER-QUALITY DATA, JUNE 19 TO SEPTEMBER 19, 2012

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

 Specif- Chloro- 

 ic pH, phyll a Phos- 

 Trans- conduc- water, trichro phorus,

 parency Sam- Temper- tance, unfltrd Dis- -matic water,

 Secchi pling ature, wat unf field, solved method, unfltrd

 Date disc, depth, water, uS/cm @ std oxygen, uncorr, mg/L 

 meters meters deg C 25 degC units mg/L ug/L as P 

 (00078) (00098) (00010) (00095) (00400) (00300) (32210) (00665)

 

JUN 2012 

 19... >1.60 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 19... -- .50 26.5 590 8.3 7.6 5.07 .030 

JUL 

 25... >2.00 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 25... -- .50 26.4 527 8.4 8.3 8.20 .023 

AUG 

 17... 1.80 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 17... -- .50 22.2 517 8.5 8.2 3.84 .014 

SEP 

 19... 1.50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 19... -- .50 16.8 523 8.7 9.7 2.58 .017 
112

 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 20

30

40

50

60

70

Total Phosphorus

Chlorophyll a

Secchi depth

 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 5

4

3

2

1

0

 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 0

10

20

30

40

50

 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 0.00

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.10

0.12

CHLOROPHYLL a CONCENTRATION, IN MICROGRAMS PER LITER SECCHI DEPTH, IN METERS TROPHIC STATE INDEX

Surface total phosphorus, chlorophyll a concentrations, Secchi depths,

 and TSI data for Okauchee Lake, No. 1, near Okauchee, Wisconsin.

Oligotrophic

Eutrophic

Mesotrophic

TOTAL PHOSPHORUS CONCENTRATION, IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

 (Triangles in Secchi plot indicate maximum depth at sampling site.

Actual Secchi depth on these days was greater than the plotted triangles.)
113

430645088264500 OKAUCHEE LAKE, NO. 2, AT OKAUCHEE, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 43°06'45", long 88°26'45", in SE 1⁄4 NE 1⁄4 sec.35, T.8 N., R.17 E., Waukesha County, Hydrologic Unit 07090001, at Okauchee.

PERIOD OF RECORD.--April 1986 to September 2006, April to August 2008, April to August 2010, April to August 2012

REMARKS.--Lake sampled in Lower Okauchee Lake, at an approximate depth of 3 m. Water-quality analyses done by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene.

WATER-QUALITY DATA, WATER-QUALITY DATA, JUNE 19 TO SEPTEMBER 19, 2012

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

 Specif- Chloro- 

 ic pH, phyll a Phos- 

 Trans- conduc- water, trichro phorus,

 parency Sam- Temper- tance, unfltrd Dis- -matic water,

 Secchi pling ature, wat unf field, solved method, unfltrd

 Date disc, depth, water, uS/cm @ std oxygen, uncorr, mg/L 

 meters meters deg C 25 degC units mg/L ug/L as P 

 (00078) (00098) (00010) (00095) (00400) (00300) (32210) (00665)

 

JUN 2012 

 19... >2.80 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 19... -- .50 27.2 493 8.5 9.1 1.33 .017 

JUL 

 25... 3.15 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 25... -- .50 27.3 502 8.7 7.3 4.84 .019 

AUG 

 17... 2.40 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 17... -- .50 23.1 505 8.4 7.7 6.44 .016 

SEP 

 19... 3.25 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 19... -- .50 18.4 509 8.6 8.5 4.72 .019 
114

 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 20

30

40

50

60

70

Total Phosphorus

Chlorophyll a

Secchi depth

 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 5

4

3

2

1

0

 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 0

5

10

15

 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 0.00

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.10

0.12

CHLOROPHYLL a CONCENTRATION, IN MICROGRAMS PER LITER SECCHI DEPTH, IN METERS TROPHIC STATE INDEX

Surface total phosphorus, chlorophyll a concentrations, Secchi depths,

 and TSI data for Okauchee Lake, No. 2, near Okauchee, Wisconsin.

(Open circles on the first two plots indicate laboratory detection limit for selected analyses.

 Actual concentrations for these particular analyses are less than the plotted circles.)

 (Triangles in Secchi plot indicate maximum depth at sampling site.

Actual Secchi depth on these days was greater than the plotted triangles.)

Oligotrophic

Eutrophic

Mesotrophic

TOTAL PHOSPHORUS CONCENTRATION, IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER
115

430642088252400 OKAUCHEE LAKE, NO. 3, AT OKAUCHEE, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 43°06'42", long 88°25'24", in NE 1⁄4 SE 1⁄4 sec.36, T.8 N., R.17 E., Waukesha County, Hydrologic Unit 07090001, at Okauchee.

PERIOD OF RECORD.--April 1986 to September 2006, April to August 2008, April to August 2010, April to August 2012. 

REMARKS.--Lake sampled in Ice House Bay, in the southern part of the lake, at an approximate depth of 5 m. Water-quality analyses done by Wisconsin State 

Laboratory of Hygiene.

WATER-QUALITY DATA, JUNE 19 TO SEPTEMBER 19, 2012

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

 Specif- Chloro- 

 ic pH, phyll a Phos- 

 Trans- conduc- water, trichro phorus,

 parency Sam- Temper- tance, unfltrd Dis- -matic water,

 Secchi pling ature, wat unf field, solved method, unfltrd

 Date disc, depth, water, uS/cm @ std oxygen, uncorr, mg/L 

 meters meters deg C 25 degC units mg/L ug/L as P 

 (00078) (00098) (00010) (00095) (00400) (00300) (32210) (00665)

 

JUN 2012 

 19... >4.80 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 19... -- .50 25.2 530 8.1 9.3 .850 .015 

JUL 

 25... 2.75 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 25... -- .50 26.9 527 8.5 7.7 6.93 .022 

AUG 

 17... 2.55 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 17... -- .50 22.6 516 8.5 8.1 9.22 .021 

SEP 

 19... 3.40 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 19... -- .50 17.7 515 8.6 9.0 6.94 .020 
116

 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 20

30

40

50

60

70

Total Phosphorus

Chlorophyll a

Secchi depth

 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 5

4

3

2

1

0

 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 0

5

10

15

20

 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 0.00

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

CHLOROPHYLL a CONCENTRATION, IN MICROGRAMS PER LITER SECCHI DEPTH, IN METERS TROPHIC STATE INDEX

Surface total phosphorus, chlorophyll a concentrations, Secchi depths,

and TSI data for Okauchee Lake, No. 3, near Okauchee, Wisconsin.

Oligotrophic

Eutrophic

Mesotrophic

TOTAL PHOSPHORUS CONCENTRATION, IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

 (Triangles in Secchi plot indicate maximum depth at sampling site.

Actual Secchi depth on these days was greater than the plotted triangles.)
117

430757088261700 OKAUCHEE LAKE, NO. 4, AT OKAUCHEE, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 43°07'57", long 88°26'17", in NW 1⁄4 NW 1⁄4 sec.25, T.8 N., R.17 E., Waukesha County, Hydrologic Unit 07090001, at Okauchee.

PERIOD OF RECORD.--June 1986 to September 2006, April to August 2008, April to August 2010. 

REMARKS.--Lake sampled near McDowell (Crazyman’s) Island, in the northwest bay of the lake, at an approximate depth of 

 2 m. Water-quality analyses done by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene.

WATER-QUALITY DATA, JUNE 19 TO SEPTEMBER 19, 2012

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

 Specif- Chloro- 

 ic pH, phyll a Phos- 

 Trans- conduc- water, trichro phorus,

 parency Sam- Temper- tance, unfltrd Dis- -matic water,

 Secchi pling ature, wat unf field, solved method, unfltrd

 Date disc, depth, water, uS/cm @ std oxygen, uncorr, mg/L 

 meters meters deg C 25 degC units mg/L ug/L as P 

 (00078) (00098) (00010) (00095) (00400) (00300) (32210) (00665)

 

JUN 2012 

 19... >1.50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 19... -- .50 26.1 523 8.4 10.4 1.75 .015 

JUL 

 25... >1.80 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 25... -- .50 26.3 518 8.5 7.9 5.16 .018 

AUG 

 17... 1.80 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 17... -- .50 21.9 512 8.5 8.0 8.71 .020 

SEP 

 19... 1.50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 19... -- .50 17.0 520 8.5 8.7 5.23 .018 
118

 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 20

30

40

50

60

70

Total Phosphorus

Chlorophyll a

Secchi depth

 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 5

4

3

2

1

0

 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 0

5

10

15

 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 0.00

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

CHLOROPHYLL a CONCENTRATION, IN MICROGRAMS PER LITER SECCHI DEPTH, IN METERS TROPHIC STATE INDEX

Surface total phosphorus, chlorophyll a concentrations, Secchi depths,

 and TSI data for Okauchee Lake, No. 4, near Okauchee, Wisconsin.

(Open circles on the first two plots indicate laboratory detection limit for selected analyses.

 Actual concentrations for these particular analyses are less than the plotted circles.)

 (Triangles in Secchi plot indicate maximum depth at sampling site.

Actual Secchi depth on these days was greater than the plotted triangles.)

Oligotrophic

Eutrophic

Mesotrophic

TOTAL PHOSPHORUS CONCENTRATION, IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER
119

423246088175800 POWERS LAKE AT POWERS LAKE, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 42°32'46", long 88°17'58", in NW 1⁄4 SE 1⁄4 sec.13, T.1 N., R.18 E., Walworth County, Hydrologic Unit 07120006, at Powers Lake.

SURFACE AREA.—0.72 mi2

. 

DRAINAGE AREA.--3.42 mi2

. 

PERIOD OF RECORD.--March 1986 to August 1996, and April 1998 to current year.

REMARKS.--Lake sampled near center at the deep hole. The lake was not sampled during winter ice cover because of unsafe winter conditions. Water-quality 

analyses done by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene.

WATER-QUALITY DATA, APRIL 2 TO SEPTEMBER 18, 2012

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated) 

 

 Specif- Chloro- Ortho- Ammonia Ammonia

 ic pH, phyll a Phos- phos- Total + + 

 Trans- conduc- water, trichro phorus, phate, nitro- Ammonia org-N, org-N,

 parency Sam- Temper- tance, unfltrd Dis- -matic water, water, gen, water, water, water,

 Secchi pling ature, wat unf field, solved method, unfltrd fltrd, water, fltrd, fltrd, unfltrd

 Date disc, depth, water, uS/cm @ std oxygen, uncorr, mg/L mg/L unfltrd mg/L mg/L mg/L 

 meters meters deg C 25 degC units mg/L ug/L as P as P mg/L as N as N as N 

 (00078) (00098) (00010) (00095) (00400) (00300) (32210) (00665) (00671) (00600) (00608) (00623) (00625)

 

APR 2012 

 02... 4.15 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 02... -- .50 11.5 488 8.2 10.7 3.67 .016 <.002 <.54 <.015 -- .52 

JUN 

 22... 5.15 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 22... -- .50 25.5 503 8.4 8.3 1.66 .014 -- -- -- -- -- 

 22... -- 9.5 16.0 523 7.2 .7 -- .024 -- -- -- -- -- 

JUL 

 28... 3.35 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 28... -- .50 27.7 503 8.5 8.3 4.30 .016 <.002 <.28 -- .56 .26 

 28... -- 9.5 17.7 524 7.5 .2 -- .037 -- -- -- -- -- 

AUG 

 30... 3.25 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 30... -- .50 25.3 510 8.3 9.0 4.71 .015 -- -- -- -- -- 

 30... -- 10.0 19.3 567 7.1 .2 -- .054 -- -- -- -- -- 

SEP 

 18... 2.75 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 18... -- .50 20.9 518 8.3 7.4 9.09 .021 -- -- -- -- -- 

 18... -- 9.5 20.9 518 8.3 7.7 -- .021 -- -- -- -- -- 
120

423246088175800 POWERS LAKE AT POWERS LAKE, WI

WATER-QUALITY DATA, , APRIL 2 TO SEPTEMBER 18, 2012

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated) 

 Nitrate Turbdty Appar- ANC, 

 + white ent wat unf 

 nitrite light, color, Hard- Magnes- Potas- fixed Chlor- Silica, 

 water, det ang water, ness, Calcium ium, Sodium, sium, end pt, ide, Sulfate water, Iron, 

 fltrd, 90+/-30 unfltrd water, water, water, water, water, lab, water, water, fltrd, water,

 Date mg/L degrees Pt-Co mg/L as fltrd, fltrd, fltrd, fltrd, mg/L as fltrd, fltrd, mg/L as fltrd,

 as N NTU units CaCO3 mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L CaCO3 mg/L mg/L SiO2 ug/L 

 (00631) (63675) (00081) (00900) (00915) (00925) (00930) (00935) (00417) (00940) (00945) (00955) (01046)

 

APR 2012 

 02... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 02... <.019 <1.0 15 209 33.4 30.5 20.7 2.10 169 43.4 30.5 6.03 <100 

JUN 

 22... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 22... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 22... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

JUL 

 28... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 28... <.019 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 28... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

AUG 

 30... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 30... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 30... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

SEP 

 18... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 18... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 18... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 Dis- 

 solved

 Manga- solids

 nese, dried @

 water, 180degC

 Date fltrd, wat flt

 ug/L mg/L 

 (01056) (70300)

 

APR 2012 

 02... -- -- 

 02... <1.0 270 
121

423246088175800 POWERS LAKE AT POWERS LAKE, WI

LAKE-DEPTH PROFILES, APRIL 3 TO SEPTEMBER 18, 2012

0 10 20 30

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

0 10 20

0 10 20 30

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

0 10 20

SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELSIUS

04-03-12 06-22-12

0 10 20 30

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

0 10 20

0 10 20 30

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

0 10 20

07-28-12

DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

0 10 20 30

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

0 10 20

08-30-12 09-18-12

450 500 550 600

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

6 7 8 9 10

450 500 550 600

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

6 7 8 9 10

WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELSIUS

450 500 550 600

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

6 7 8 9 10

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS

450 500 550 600

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

6 7 8 9 10

450 500 550 600

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

6 7 8 9 10

W.T.

D.O.

S.C. pH

DEPTH, IN METERS DEPTH, IN METERS
122

 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 20

30

40

50

60

70

Total Phosphorus

Chlorophyll a

Secchi depth

 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 0

5

10

15

 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 0.00

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

0.07

0.08

CHLOROPHYLL a CONCENTRATION, IN MICROGRAMS PER LITER SECCHI DEPTH, IN METERS TROPHIC STATE INDEX

Surface total phosphorus, chlorophyll a concentrations, Secchi depths,

 and TSI data for Powers Lake, at Powers Lake, Wisconsin.

(Open circles on the first two plots indicate laboratory detection limit for selected analyses.

 Actual concentrations for these particular analyses are less than the plotted circles.)

Eutrophic

Mesotrophic

TOTAL PHOSPHORUS CONCENTRATION, IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

Oligotrophic
123

05429485 LAKE WAUBESA AT MCFARLAND, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 43°00′32′′, long 89°18′19′′ referenced to North American Datum of 1927, in SW 1⁄4 SW 1⁄4 sec.3, T.6 

N., R.10 E., Dane County, WI, Hydrologic Unit 07090001, on left bank just upstream from bridge on U.S. Highway 

51, downstream of dam at outlet of Lake Waubesa and 1.0 mi southwest of McFarland. 

SURFACE AREA.--3.25 mi2

. 

DRAINAGE AREA.--327 mi2 of which 36.6 mi2 probably is noncontributing. 

PERIOD OF RECORD.--October 2003 to current year. 

REVISED RECORDS.--WSP 805, WDR WI-73-1: Drainage area. 

GAGE.--Water-stage recorder. Datum of gage is 840.00 ft above NGVD of 1929 (levels by Wisconsin Department of 

Natural Resources). 

REMARKS.--Lake level regulated by dams at outlets of Lake Mendota and Lake Waubesa. Gage-height telemeter at 

station. 

EXTREMES FOR PERIOD OF RECORD.--Maximum gage height observed, 7.22 ft, June 15-17, 2008; minimum 

observed, 3.50 ft, Feb.14, 2006, current datum. 

EXTREMES FOR CURRENT YEAR.--Maximum recorded gage height, 5.20 ft, May 7; minimum recorded, 3.96 ft, 

Feb. 26-28. 
124

05429485 LAKE WAUBESA AT MCFARLAND, WI

GAGE HEIGHT, FEET

WATER YEAR OCTOBER 2011 TO SEPTEMBER 2012

DAILY MEAN VALUES

Day Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep

1 4.80 4.12 4.70 4.68 4.21 4.04 4.12 4.82 4.84 4.43 4.67 4.50

2 4.76 4.15 4.70 4.73 4.20 4.06 4.13 4.85 4.84 4.42 4.66 4.49

3 4.74 4.23 4.72 4.74 4.20 4.08 4.13 4.92 4.82 4.41 4.64 4.48

4 4.72 4.24 4.82 4.68 4.18 4.05 4.16 5.01 4.82 4.41 --- 4.49

5 4.70 4.24 4.84 4.63 4.16 4.02 4.19 5.00 4.80 4.41 --- 4.54

6 4.68 4.24 4.84 4.59 4.15 3.98 4.20 5.07 4.79 4.41 --- 4.54

7 4.65 4.34 4.84 4.56 4.13 3.98 4.17 5.10 4.77 4.40 4.60 4.53

8 4.62 4.45 4.83 4.52 4.12 4.07 4.17 5.06 4.75 4.38 4.60 4.52

9 4.59 4.62 4.82 4.49 4.10 4.07 4.24 5.08 4.72 4.36 4.60 4.51

10 4.57 4.72 4.78 4.46 4.09 4.02 4.28 5.07 4.69 4.35 4.62 4.49

11 4.54 4.72 4.78 4.43 4.08 4.01 4.30 5.01 4.65 4.33 4.59 4.45

12 4.52 4.70 4.78 4.43 4.07 4.01 4.27 4.98 --- 4.32 4.58 4.44

13 4.57 4.69 4.78 4.45 4.05 4.04 4.25 4.95 --- 4.28 4.57 4.43

14 4.57 4.68 4.82 4.42 4.05 4.04 4.24 4.93 --- 4.26 4.57 4.43

15 4.53 4.67 4.87 4.38 4.04 4.04 4.27 4.92 --- 4.26 4.56 4.42

16 4.48 4.66 4.87 4.35 4.03 4.02 4.32 4.90 --- 4.25 4.62 4.40

17 4.42 4.66 4.86 4.34 4.02 4.00 4.39 4.89 --- 4.24 4.64 4.39

18 4.36 4.63 4.85 4.33 4.01 3.99 4.41 4.88 --- 4.31 4.62 4.39

19 4.28 4.63 4.84 4.31 4.00 3.98 4.44 4.88 4.54 4.48 4.62 4.34

20 4.24 4.64 4.83 4.30 3.99 3.99 4.54 4.89 4.52 4.51 4.61 4.33

21 4.20 4.64 4.82 4.31 3.98 3.98 4.62 4.89 4.55 4.52 4.60 4.32

22 4.17 4.65 4.82 4.29 3.98 3.99 4.65 4.86 4.56 4.52 4.59 4.34

23 4.14 4.66 4.81 4.30 3.98 4.03 4.67 4.82 4.55 4.53 4.57 4.32

24 4.14 4.65 4.80 4.29 4.00 4.05 4.68 4.76 4.53 4.57 4.55 4.29

25 4.13 4.65 4.78 4.27 4.00 4.07 4.69 4.76 4.52 4.56 4.54 4.28

26 4.12 4.68 4.77 4.26 3.97 4.04 4.71 4.77 4.49 4.65 4.56 4.28

27 4.12 4.72 4.77 4.25 3.96 4.00 4.72 4.80 4.45 4.68 4.56 4.28

28 4.11 4.72 4.75 4.24 3.96 3.99 4.72 4.80 4.45 4.68 4.56 4.27

29 4.11 4.72 4.74 4.23 4.01 4.00 4.73 4.82 4.45 4.67 4.54 4.26

30 4.11 4.72 4.75 4.22 --- 4.02 4.77 4.83 4.44 4.67 4.52 4.25

31 4.11 --- 4.74 4.20 --- 4.11 --- 4.83 --- 4.69 4.51 ---

Mean 4.41 4.56 4.80 4.41 4.06 4.02 4.41 4.91 --- 4.45 --- 4.40

Max 4.80 4.72 4.87 4.74 4.21 4.11 4.77 5.10 --- 4.69 --- 4.54

Min 4.11 4.12 4.70 4.20 3.96 3.98 4.12 4.76 --- 4.24 --- 4.25
125

 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 3

4

5

6

7

8

GAGE HEIGHT, IN FEET

Stage hydrograph for Lake Waubesa, 2003-2012.
126

424848088083100 WIND LAKE, HEADWATER, AT OUTLET AT WIND LAKE, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 42°48′48′′, long 88°08′31′′ referenced to North American Datum of 1927, in NE 1⁄4 NW 1⁄4 sec.16, T.4 N., R.20 E., 

Racine County, WI, Hydrologic Unit 07120006, at Wind Lake. 

SURFACE AREA.--1.46 mi2

. 

DRAINAGE AREA.--39.6 mi2. 

PERIOD OF RECORD.--March 1985 to current year. Prior to October 2000, published as "Wind Lake Outlet". 

REVISED RECORDS.--WDR WI-91-1: 1988(m). 

REMARKS.--Lake level regulated by dam with two 10-foot gates at outlet. Lake ice-covered Dec. 3 to Mar. 14. Prior to October 1987, 

published as Wind Lake at Wind Lake, Wis. Gage-height telemeter at station. 

EXTREMES FOR PERIOD OF RECORD.--Maximum gage height, 9.88 ft, June 14, 15, 2008; minimum recorded, 5.95 ft, Jan. 2, 1996. 

EXTREMES FOR CURRENT YEAR.—Headwater: Maximum recorded gage height, 8.42 ft, May 10; minimum recorded, 6.88 ft, Sept. 

30. Tailwater: Maximum recorded gage height, 6.01 ft, Mar. 13; minimum recorded,2.44 ft, July 4. 

 

HEADWATER

GAGE HEIGHT, FEET

WATER YEAR OCTOBER 2011 TO SEPTEMBER 2012

DAILY MEAN VALUES

Day Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep

1 7.58 7.49 7.65 7.74 7.73 7.79 8.21 8.31 8.22 7.76 7.42 7.06

2 7.57 7.49 7.65 7.77 7.76 7.83 8.20 8.30 8.20 7.74 7.40 7.05

3 7.56 7.54 7.67 7.76 7.76 7.88 8.20 8.28 8.19 7.72 7.39 7.03

4 7.56 7.53 7.71 7.77 7.75 7.90 8.22 8.29 8.17 7.71 7.38 7.11

5 7.55 7.52 7.74 7.76 7.75 7.93 8.24 8.30 8.16 7.69 7.37 7.14

6 7.54 7.52 7.76 7.76 7.75 7.95 8.23 8.32 8.14 7.67 7.33 7.13

7 7.54 7.52 7.76 7.74 7.74 7.97 8.22 8.36 8.12 7.65 7.31 7.13

8 7.53 7.56 7.76 7.73 7.74 8.09 8.23 8.35 8.10 7.61 7.30 7.13

9 7.53 7.63 7.77 7.73 7.73 8.22 8.21 8.39 8.08 7.59 7.30 7.14

10 7.52 7.64 7.77 7.73 7.74 8.28 8.21 8.39 8.06 7.56 7.30 7.12

11 7.51 7.63 7.78 7.74 7.75 8.29 8.20 8.30 8.04 7.53 7.27 7.10

12 7.51 7.63 7.79 7.76 7.74 8.34 8.20 8.27 8.03 7.51 7.25 7.08

13 7.53 7.62 7.79 7.79 7.74 8.34 8.19 8.31 8.00 7.49 7.24 7.08

14 7.54 7.63 7.84 7.78 7.75 8.26 8.20 8.32 7.98 7.47 7.23 7.08

15 7.51 7.63 7.90 7.76 7.75 8.23 8.26 8.34 7.96 7.46 7.22 7.07

16 7.49 7.63 7.92 7.75 7.74 8.20 8.30 8.34 7.94 7.43 7.25 7.05

17 7.47 7.61 7.96 7.76 7.72 8.16 8.30 8.34 8.04 7.42 7.25 7.05

18 7.46 7.60 7.99 7.75 7.70 8.16 8.24 8.33 8.01 7.40 7.23 7.04

19 7.49 7.60 8.03 7.74 7.69 8.21 8.26 8.33 7.99 7.51 7.22 7.00

20 7.50 7.60 8.07 7.74 7.69 8.20 8.32 8.32 7.97 7.49 7.21 6.99

21 7.47 7.60 8.10 7.75 7.70 8.22 8.29 8.32 7.96 7.47 7.20 6.99

22 7.47 7.60 8.09 7.76 7.71 8.24 8.26 8.30 7.94 7.45 7.18 7.00

23 7.47 7.59 8.01 7.78 7.72 8.30 8.27 8.28 7.92 7.44 7.17 6.97

24 7.51 7.58 7.90 7.78 7.77 8.27 8.27 8.25 7.90 7.47 7.15 6.95

25 7.51 7.59 7.84 7.77 7.75 8.21 8.30 8.24 7.88 7.47 7.14 6.94

26 7.51 7.60 7.77 7.76 7.74 8.22 8.34 8.26 7.84 7.49 7.14 6.93

27 7.50 7.66 7.73 7.74 7.73 8.18 8.33 8.27 7.82 7.49 7.15 6.92

28 7.49 7.65 7.67 7.72 7.71 8.21 8.35 8.25 7.80 7.47 7.13 6.91

29 7.49 7.67 7.64 7.72 7.76 8.23 8.37 8.24 7.79 7.45 7.12 6.90

30 7.48 7.65 7.67 7.71 --- 8.24 8.37 8.22 7.77 7.43 7.10 6.89

31 7.50 --- 7.71 7.71 --- 8.22 --- 8.22 --- 7.44 7.08 ---

Mean 7.51 7.59 7.82 7.75 7.73 8.15 8.26 8.30 8.00 7.53 7.24 7.03

Max 7.58 7.67 8.10 7.79 7.77 8.34 8.37 8.39 8.22 7.76 7.42 7.14

Min 7.46 7.49 7.64 7.71 7.69 7.79 8.19 8.22 7.77 7.40 7.08 6.89
127

 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 5

6

7

8

9

10

GAGE HEIGHT, IN FEET

CREST OF DAM

DAILY AVERAGE STAGES

MANUAL STAGE READING

 Stage hydrograph for Wind Lake, headwater, 1985-2012.
128

424915088083900 WIND LAKE AT WIND LAKE, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 42°49'15", long 88°08'39", in NW 1⁄4 SW 1⁄4 sec.9, T.4 N., R.20 E., Racine County, Hydrologic Unit 07120006, at Wind Lake.

SURFACE AREA.--1.46 mi2

. 

PERIOD OF RECORD.--February 1985 to current year.

REMARKS.--Lake sampled near center at the deep hole. The lake was not sampled during winter ice cover because of unsafe winter conditions. Water-quality 

analyses done by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene.

WATER-QUALITY DATA, APRIL 3 TO SEPTEMBER 18, 2012

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

 Specif- Chloro- Ortho- Ammonia Ammonia

 ic pH, phyll a Phos- phos- Total + + 

 Trans- conduc- water, trichro phorus, phate, nitro- Ammonia org-N, org-N,

 parency Sam- Temper- tance, unfltrd Dis- -matic water, water, gen, water, water, water,

 Secchi pling ature, wat unf field, solved method, unfltrd fltrd, water, fltrd, fltrd, unfltrd

 Date disc, depth, water, uS/cm @ std oxygen, uncorr, mg/L mg/L unfltrd mg/L mg/L mg/L 

 meters meters deg C 25 degC units mg/L ug/L as P as P mg/L as N as N as N 

 (00078) (00098) (00010) (00095) (00400) (00300) (32210) (00665) (00671) (00600) (00608) (00623) (00625)

 

APR 2012 

 03... 3.15 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 03... -- .50 11.0 719 8.0 9.9 2.03 .025 .004 1.1 .069 -- 1.0 

JUN 

 22... 3.95 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 22... -- .50 25.6 740 8.3 8.3 2.77 .019 -- -- -- -- -- 

 22... -- 14.5 11.6 749 7.3 .1 -- .102 -- -- -- -- -- 

JUL 

 28... 3.05 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 28... -- .50 27.1 748 8.4 7.6 5.07 .016 <.002 <.47 -- .94 .45 

 28... -- 13.0 12.3 748 7.9 .1 -- .093 -- -- -- -- -- 

AUG 

 30... 3.45 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 30... -- .50 24.3 757 8.3 8.5 3.76 .014 -- -- -- -- -- 

 30... -- 6.0 23.5 761 8.0 5.8 -- .017 -- -- -- -- -- 

 30... -- 9.0 14.9 749 7.3 .3 -- .054 -- -- -- -- -- 

 30... -- 11.0 13.1 750 7.3 .1 -- .077 -- -- -- -- -- 

 30... -- 13.0 12.5 758 7.2 .1 -- .096 -- -- -- -- -- 

SEP 

 18... 2.35 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 18... -- .50 19.8 758 8.3 7.7 5.73 .017 -- -- -- -- -- 

 18... -- 13.0 12.7 762 7.1 .1 -- .107 -- -- -- -- -- 
129

424915088083900 WIND LAKE AT WIND LAKE, WI

WATER-QUALITY DATA, APRIL 3 TO SEPTEMBER 18, 2012

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

 Nitrate Turbdty Appar- ANC, 

 + white ent wat unf 

 nitrite light, color, Hard- Magnes- Potas- fixed Chlor- Silica, 

 water, det ang water, ness, Calcium ium, Sodium, sium, end pt, ide, Sulfate water, Iron, 

 fltrd, 90+/-30 unfltrd water, water, water, water, water, lab, water, water, fltrd, water,

 Date mg/L degrees Pt-Co mg/L as fltrd, fltrd, fltrd, fltrd, mg/L as fltrd, fltrd, mg/L as fltrd,

 as N NTU units CaCO3 mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L CaCO3 mg/L mg/L SiO2 ug/L 

 (00631) (63675) (00081) (00900) (00915) (00925) (00930) (00935) (00417) (00940) (00945) (00955) (01046)

 

APR 2012 

 03... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 03... .069 <1.0 15 217 43.8 26.2 57.8 2.50 153 111 45.0 .476 <100 

JUN 

 22... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 22... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 22... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

JUL 

 28... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 28... <.019 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 28... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

AUG 

 30... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 30... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 30... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 30... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 30... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 

 

 Dis- 

 solved

 Manga- solids

 nese, dried @

 water, 180degC

 Date fltrd, wat flt

 ug/L mg/L 

 (01056) (70300)

 

APR 2012 

 03... -- -- 

 03... <1.0 408 

 
130

424915088083900 WIND LAKE AT WIND LAKE, WI

LAKE-DEPTH PROFILES, APRIL 3 TO SEPTEMBER 18, 2012

0 10 20 30

16

12

8

4

0

0 10 20

0 10 20 30

16

12

8

4

0

0 10 20

SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELSIUS

04-03-12 06-22-12

0 10 20 30

16

12

8

4

0

0 10 20

0 10 20 30

16

12

8

4

0

0 10 20

07-28-12

DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

0 10 20 30

16

12

8

4

0

0 10 20

08-30-12 09-18-12

500 600 700 800 900 1000

16

12

8

4

0

6 7 8 9 10

500 600 700 800 900 1000

16

12

8

4

0

6 7 8 9 10

WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELSIUS

500 600 700 800 900 1000

16

12

8

4

0

6 7 8 9 10

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS

500 600 700 800 900 1000

16

12

8

4

0

6 7 8 9 10

500 600 700 800 900 1000

16

12

8

4

0

6 7 8 9 10

W.T.

D.O.

S.C. pH

DEPTH, IN METERS DEPTH, IN METERS
131

 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 30

40

50

60

70

80

Total Phosphorus

Chlorophyll a

Secchi depth

Eutrophic

 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 4

3

2

1

0

 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 0

50

100

150

 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 0.00

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.10

0.12

0.14

0.16

CHLOROPHYLL a CONCENTRATION, IN MICROGRAMS PER LITER SECCHI DEPTH, IN METERS TROPHIC STATE INDEX

 Surface total phosphorus, chlorophyll a concentrations, Secchi depths,

 and TSI data for Wind Lake, Deep Hole, at Wind Lake, Wisconsin.

Mesotrophic

TOTAL PHOSPHORUS CONCENTRATION, IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

Oligotrophic
132

04082500 LAKE WINNEBAGO AT OSHKOSH, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 44°00′35′′, long 88°31′38′′ referenced to North American Datum of 1927, in NE 1⁄4 NE 1⁄4 sec.25, T.18 

 N., R.16 E., Winnebago County, WI, Hydrologic Unit 04030203, 800 ft east of mouth of the upper Fox River.

SURFACE AREA.--215 mi2

. 

DRAINAGE AREA.--5,880 mi2.

PERIOD OF RECORD.--October 1938 to current year in reports of Geological Survey. Records from July 1882 to 

 September 1938 in files of Geological Survey and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. A report on Fox River by U.S.

 Army Corps of Engineers, published as House Document No. 146, 67th Congress, 2nd session, contains semi- 

 monthly records of inflow of Lake Winnebago for the period 1896-1917. 

REVISED RECORDS.--WDR WI-83-1: Drainage area. 

GAGE.--Water-stage recorder. Nonrecording gage read once daily October 1938 to October 1978. Datum of gage is 

 743.91 ft above NAVD of 1988 (Wisconsin Department of Transportation benchmark). From July 1992 to March 20,

 2007 datum was 743.97 ft above NAVD of 1988. Prior to 2012 datum of gage was published as 745.05 ft above

 mean tide at New York City. 

REMARKS.--Lake elevations controlled by dams at Menasha and Neenah. Data-collection platform and gage-height

 telemeter at station.

 

EXTREMES FOR PERIOD OF RECORD.-- Water year 1938-1992; maximum gage height observed, 4.32 ft Mar. 9, 

1982, datum unknown; minimum observed, 0.33 ft May 17, 1960, datum unknown. Water year 1993-current year; 

maximum daily mean gage height, 3.85 ft June 14, 2008; minimum recorded, 1.16 ft, March 2-5, 1993.

 

EXTREMES FOR CURRENT YEAR.--Maximum daily mean gage height, 3.44 ft, May 10; Minimum recorded, 2.05 ft, 

Feb. 7-9, 14-21, 27. 
133

04082500 LAKE WINNEBAGO AT OSHKOSH, WI

GAGE HEIGHT, FEET

WATER YEAR OCTOBER 2011 TO SEPTEMBER 2012

DAILY MEAN VALUES

Day Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep

1 2.83 2.31 2.30 2.35 2.11 2.10 2.39 2.85 3.16 3.08 2.95 2.89

2 2.80 2.35 2.28 2.38 2.09 2.13 2.42 2.86 3.10 3.06 2.97 2.87

3 2.78 2.43 2.25 2.40 2.08 2.15 2.37 3.14 3.11 3.11 2.99 2.85

4 2.76 2.41 2.29 2.38 2.08 2.15 2.36 3.27 3.12 3.12 2.96 2.85

5 2.74 2.39 2.32 2.37 2.06 2.12 2.38 3.28 3.10 3.11 2.95 2.83

6 2.72 2.37 2.30 2.37 2.06 2.09 2.34 3.33 3.10 3.11 2.94 2.80

7 2.70 2.37 2.23 2.36 2.05 2.08 2.32 3.36 3.11 3.10 2.92 2.79

8 2.67 2.46 2.20 2.36 2.05 2.10 2.27 3.39 3.11 3.07 2.92 2.76

9 2.66 2.49 2.19 2.36 2.05 2.14 2.27 3.42 3.11 3.07 2.98 2.79

10 2.64 2.55 2.20 2.36 2.06 2.15 2.31 3.44 3.12 3.04 3.01 2.76

11 2.60 2.55 2.20 2.36 2.06 2.13 2.34 3.40 3.10 3.01 2.97 2.72

12 2.63 2.53 2.19 2.35 2.07 2.16 2.33 3.40 3.09 2.99 2.96 2.72

13 2.58 2.51 2.19 2.37 2.06 2.19 2.34 3.40 3.12 2.96 2.95 2.72

14 2.52 2.50 2.22 2.36 2.05 2.22 2.33 3.37 3.07 2.94 2.95 2.71

15 2.50 2.49 2.18 2.34 2.05 2.23 2.43 3.34 3.03 2.95 2.95 2.71

16 2.48 2.44 2.27 2.32 2.05 2.25 2.35 3.35 3.05 2.92 2.93 2.69

17 2.43 2.47 2.28 2.30 2.05 2.27 2.52 3.30 3.05 2.95 2.97 2.69

18 2.44 2.45 2.29 2.29 2.05 2.30 2.49 3.21 3.12 2.97 2.96 2.68

19 2.42 2.44 2.31 2.26 2.05 2.32 2.58 3.21 3.18 2.95 2.96 2.64

20 2.35 2.46 2.34 2.25 2.05 2.34 2.75 3.16 3.16 2.93 2.96 2.64

21 2.35 2.45 2.34 2.24 2.05 2.35 2.75 3.15 3.15 2.89 2.94 2.66

22 2.34 2.45 2.35 2.21 2.06 2.37 2.77 3.15 3.17 2.89 2.92 2.66

23 2.34 2.40 2.36 2.21 2.06 2.41 2.78 3.12 3.14 2.88 2.91 2.66

24 2.32 2.39 2.37 2.21 2.06 2.47 2.80 3.11 3.11 2.90 2.90 2.61

25 2.39 2.36 2.35 2.20 2.07 2.48 2.84 3.05 3.11 2.86 2.90 2.65

26 2.34 2.35 2.38 2.18 2.07 2.51 2.83 3.15 3.09 2.95 2.91 2.66

27 2.34 2.36 2.36 2.17 2.05 2.41 2.86 3.21 3.05 3.00 2.92 2.65

28 2.34 2.36 2.39 2.16 2.07 2.30 2.85 3.18 3.07 2.97 2.94 2.65

29 2.33 2.35 2.38 2.15 2.09 2.42 2.82 3.16 3.08 2.94 2.90 2.66

30 2.32 2.31 2.39 2.13 --- 2.44 2.85 3.21 3.08 2.96 2.87 2.67

31 2.30 --- 2.39 2.12 --- 2.41 --- 3.19 --- 2.99 2.89 ---

Mean 2.51 2.42 2.29 2.29 2.06 2.26 2.53 3.23 3.11 2.99 2.94 2.72

Max 2.83 2.55 2.39 2.40 2.11 2.51 2.86 3.44 3.18 3.12 3.01 2.89

Min 2.30 2.31 2.18 2.12 2.05 2.08 2.27 2.85 3.03 2.86 2.87 2.61
134

 1882 1887 1892 1897 1902 1907 1912 1917 1922 1927 1932 1937 1942 1947 1952 1957 1962 1967 1972 1977 1982 1987 1992 1997 2002 2007 2012 -2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

GAGE HEIGHT, IN FEET

 

Stage hydrograph for Lake Winnebago at Oshkosh, WI, 1882-2012.
135

04084255 LAKE WINNEBAGO NEAR STOCKBRIDGE, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 44°04′14′′, long 88°19′44′′ referenced to North American Datum of 1983, Calumet County, WI, 

Hydrologic Unit 04030203, Stockbridge Indian Reservation, on east shore of Lake Winnebago, 300 ft south of 

County Highway E and 1.6 mi west of Stockbridge. 

SURFACE AREA.--215 mi2

. 

DRAINAGE AREA.--5,880 mi2. 

PERIOD OF RECORD.--November 1982 to current year. 

GAGE.--Water-stage recorder. Datum of gage from July 1992 to current year is 744.00 ft above NAVD of 1988 (RTKGPS survey). Prior to 2012 pbulished as 745.05 ft above mean tide of New York City.

REMARKS.--Lake elevations controlled by dams at Menasha and Neenah. Data-collection platform and gage-height 

telemeter at station. 

EXTREMES FOR PERIOD OF RECORD.-- Water year 1982-1992; maximum daily mean gage height, 3.53 ft, May 

31, 1989, datum unknown; minimum recorded, 0.30 ft, Mar. 1, 1986, datum unknown. Water year 1993 to current 

year; maximum daily mean gage height, 3.85 ft, July 9, 11, 1993, June 14, 2008; minimum recorded 1.10 ft March 

2, 1993, March 11, 1996.

EXTREMES FOR CURRENT YEAR.--Maximum daily mean gage height, 3.36 ft, May 10; minimum recorded, 1.90 ft, 

Feb. 21, 26, 28, 29. 
136

04084255 LAKE WINNEBAGO NEAR STOCKBRIDGE, WI

GAGE HEIGHT, FEET

WATER YEAR OCTOBER 2011 TO SEPTEMBER 2012

DAILY MEAN VALUES

Day Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep

1 2.69 2.22 2.18 2.35 2.00 2.03 2.29 2.76 3.03 2.96 2.86 2.70

2 2.69 2.20 2.18 2.37 1.99 2.05 2.24 2.76 3.10 2.95 2.89 2.70

3 2.66 2.26 2.18 2.30 1.98 2.08 2.24 3.06 3.07 3.01 2.85 2.73

4 2.65 2.30 2.21 2.28 1.97 2.04 2.23 3.14 3.00 3.01 2.85 2.73

5 2.63 2.28 2.17 2.27 1.97 2.00 2.16 3.15 2.98 2.99 2.90 2.70

6 2.61 2.31 2.17 2.26 1.96 1.97 2.19 3.19 3.01 2.99 2.86 2.68

7 2.60 2.31 2.22 2.27 1.95 1.96 2.21 3.29 3.03 2.94 2.81 2.64

8 2.58 2.29 2.20 2.26 1.95 2.05 2.28 3.35 3.06 2.95 2.76 2.69

9 2.55 2.37 2.17 2.26 1.96 2.08 2.27 3.34 3.07 2.93 2.78 2.66

10 2.52 2.56 2.12 2.26 1.96 2.05 2.27 3.36 3.05 2.90 2.81 2.66

11 2.49 2.50 2.09 2.25 1.98 2.05 2.23 3.36 3.06 2.89 2.84 2.66

12 2.51 2.45 2.08 2.27 1.97 2.08 2.21 3.32 3.08 2.87 2.85 2.62

13 2.49 2.44 2.09 2.29 1.95 2.12 2.22 3.31 2.99 2.86 2.85 2.61

14 2.62 2.44 2.12 2.25 1.96 2.14 2.26 3.30 2.94 2.86 2.84 2.60

15 2.66 2.44 2.19 2.22 1.95 2.15 2.37 3.28 2.96 2.84 2.83 2.59

16 2.53 2.51 2.20 2.20 1.96 2.17 2.51 3.23 2.96 2.86 2.91 2.62

17 2.53 2.48 2.20 2.21 1.95 2.19 2.42 3.19 3.01 2.83 2.89 2.57

18 2.31 2.43 2.22 2.19 1.96 2.21 2.43 3.14 3.06 2.80 2.84 2.58

19 2.14 2.37 2.22 2.18 1.95 2.23 2.40 3.12 3.10 2.77 2.84 2.60

20 2.19 2.33 2.23 2.15 1.95 2.25 2.51 3.13 3.11 2.79 2.84 2.59

21 2.26 2.33 2.25 2.13 1.95 2.27 2.64 3.07 3.11 2.82 2.85 2.57

22 2.22 2.31 2.27 2.11 1.97 2.28 2.64 3.03 3.05 2.80 2.83 2.58

23 2.23 2.33 2.29 2.13 1.96 2.31 2.68 3.01 3.02 2.81 2.81 2.58

24 2.28 2.34 2.29 2.12 1.98 2.35 2.72 3.00 2.99 2.76 2.80 2.62

25 2.14 2.28 2.29 2.09 1.99 2.36 2.70 3.04 2.94 2.77 2.79 2.52

26 2.18 2.25 2.31 2.07 1.95 2.28 2.69 3.06 2.96 2.83 2.81 2.50

27 2.23 2.26 2.27 2.06 1.98 2.30 2.73 3.06 2.97 2.82 2.83 2.51

28 2.23 2.26 2.29 2.06 1.96 2.33 2.65 3.13 2.98 2.83 2.80 2.53

29 2.23 2.13 2.29 2.04 1.97 2.26 2.69 3.22 2.99 2.84 2.80 2.53

30 2.21 2.23 2.29 2.02 --- 2.25 2.75 3.12 2.98 2.87 2.83 2.52

31 2.23 --- 2.30 2.00 --- 2.30 --- 3.05 --- 2.86 2.77 ---

Mean 2.42 2.34 2.21 2.19 1.96 2.17 2.43 3.15 3.02 2.87 2.83 2.61

Max 2.69 2.56 2.31 2.37 2.00 2.36 2.75 3.36 3.11 3.01 2.91 2.73

Min 2.14 2.13 2.08 2.00 1.95 1.96 2.16 2.76 2.94 2.76 2.76 2.50
137

WISCONSIN DISTRICT PUBLICATIONS PERTAINING TO LAKES

The reports published in a U.S. Geological Survey series are for sale by the U.S. 

Geological Survey, Box 25425, Federal Center, Denver, CO 80225. Prepayment is 

required. Remittance should be sent by check or money order payable to the U.S. 

Geological Survey. Prices can be obtained by writing to the above address or by calling 

(303) 236-7476. Reprints of journal articles may be obtained by writing directly to the 

author at U.S. Geological Survey, 8505 Research Way, Middleton, WI 53562.

2012

Juckem, P.F., Reneau, P.C., and Robertson, D.M., 2012, Estimation of natural historical 

flows for the Manitowish River near Manitowish Waters, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological 

Survey Scientific Invest. Report 2012–5135. 42 p.

Robertson, D.M., Garn, H.S., Rose, W.J., Juckem, P.J., and Reneau, P.C., 2012, 

Hydrology, water quality, and response to simulated changes in phosphorus loading 

of Mercer Lake, Iron County, Wisconsin, with emphasis on effects of wastewater 

discharges on water quality: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 

2012-5134, 58 p.

2011

Feinstein, D.T., Dunning, C.P., Juckem, P.F., and Hunt, R.J., 2010, Application of the 

Local Grid Refinement package to an inset model simulating the interactions of 

lakes, wells, and shallow groundwater, northwestern Waukesha County, Wisconsin: 

U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5214, 30 p.

Robertson, D.M. and Rose, W.J., 2011, Response in the trophic state of stratified lakes 

to changes in hydrology and water level: potential effects of climate change: Journal 

of Water and Climate Change, vol. 2. No. 1, p. 1-18.

2010

Garn, H.S., Robertson, D.M., Rose, W.J., and Saad, D.A., 2010, Hydrology, water 

quality, and response to simulated changes in phosphorus loading of Minocqua and 

Kawaguesaga Lakes, Oneida County, Wisconsin, with special emphasis on effects of 

urbanization: U.S. Geol. Survey Scientific Invest. Report 2010-5196.

2009

Robertson, D.M., Rose, W.J., and Fitzpatrick, F.A., 2009, Water quality and hydrology of 

Silver Lake, Barron County, Wisconsin, with special emphasis on the responses of a 

terminal lake to changes in phosphorus loading and water level: U.S. Geol. Survey 

Scientific Invest. Report 2009–5077, 38 p. 

Robertson, D.M., Rose, W.J., and Juckem, P.F., 2009, Water quality and hydrology of

 Whitefish Lake, Douglas County, Wisconsin, with special emphasis on the responses

 of an oligotrophic seepage lake to changes in phosphorus loading and water level: 

 U.S. Geol. Survey Scientific Invest. Report 2009–5089, 41 p.
138

2008

Chung, E., Schladow, S.G., Perez-Losada, J., and Robertson, D.M., 2008, A linked 

hydrodynamic and water quality model for the Salton Sea: Hydrobiologia, v. 604, p. 

57–75.

Robertson, D.M., and Rose, W.J., 2008, Water quality, hydrology, and simulated 

response to changes in phosphorus loading of Butternut Lake, Price and Ashland 

Counties, Wisconsin, with special emphasis on the effects of internal phosphorus 

loading in a polymictic lake: U.S. Geol. Survey Scientific Invest. Report 2008–5053, 

46 p. 

Robertson, D.M., and Schladow, S.G., 2008, Response in the water quality in the Salton 

Sea to changes in phosphorus loading: An empirical modeling approach: 

Hydrobiologia, v. 604, p. 5–19.

Robertson, D.M., Schladow, S.G., and Holdren, G.C., 2008, Long-term changes in the 

phosphorus loading to and trophic state of the Salton Sea: Hydrobiologia, v. 604, p. 

21–36.

2007

Robertson, D.M., Garn, H.S., and Rose, W.J., 2007, Response of calcareous Nagawicka 

Lake, Wisconsin, to changes in phosphorus loading. Lake and Reservoir 

Management, Vol. 23, p. 298-312.

Walker, J.F., Saad, D.A., and Hunt, R.J., 2007, Dynamics of CFCs in northern temperate 

lakes and adjacent groundwater. Water Resources. Research 43(4) W04423, 

http://www.agu.org/pubs/crossref/2007/2005WR004647.shtml

2006

Garn, H.S., Robertson, D.M., Rose, W.J., Goddard, G.L., and Horwatich, J.A., 2006, 

Water quality, hydrology, and response to changes in phosphorus loading of 

Nagawicka Lake, a calcareous lake in Waukesha County, Wisconsin: U.S. 

Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report: 2006–5273.

Hunt, R.J., Greb, S.R,, Graczyk, D.J., 2006, Evaluating the effects of nearshore 

development on Wisconsin lakes. USGS Fact Sheet FS-2006-3033, 4 p.

Magnuson, J.J., Benson, B.J., Lenters, J.D, and Robertson, D.M., 2006, Climate driven 

variability and change, Chapter 7, In Magnuson, J.J., Kratz, T.K, and Benson, B.J 

eds. Long-term dynamics of lakes in the landscape, Oxford University Press, p 123–

150.

Saad, D.A., 2005, Pesticides in surface water, bed sediment, and ground water adjacent 

to commercial cranberry bogs, Lac du Flambeau Reservation, Vilas County, 

Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5262, 29 p.

2005

Hunt, R.J., Feinstein, D.T., Pint, C.D., and Anderson, M.P., 2005, The importance of 

diverse data types to calibrate a watershed model of the Trout Lake Basin, northern 

Wisconsin: Journal of Hydrology doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.08.005.

Marzolf, G.R., and Robertson, D.M., 2005, Reservoir, In Encyclopedia of Hydrological 

Sciences: Anderson, M.G., and McDonnell, J.J., eds., v. 4, part 9, John Wiley & 

Sons, p. 1675-1680. 
139

Robertson, D.M., Rose, W.J., and Saad, D.A., 2005, Water quality, hydrology, and 

phosphorus loading to Little St. Germain Lake, Wisconsin, with special emphasis on 

the effects of winter aeration and ground-water inputs: U.S. Geological Survey 

Scientific Investigations Report 2005–5071, 36 p.

2004

Dupre, D.H., and Robertson, D.M., 2004, Water quality of Nippersink Creek and Wonder 

Lake, McHenry County, Illinois, 1994–2001: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific 

Investigations Report 2004–5085.

Rose, W.J., Robertson, D.M., and Mergener, E.A., 2004, Water quality, hydrology, and 

the effects of changes in phosphorus loading to Pike Lake, Washington County, 

Wisconsin, with special emphasis on inlet-to-outlet short-circuiting: U.S. Geological 

Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004–5141, 32 p.

2003

Dunning, C.P., Thomas, J.C., and Lin, Y.F., 2003, Simulation of the shallow aquifer in 

the vicinity of Silver Lake, Washington County, Wisconsin, using analytic elements: 

U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 02–4204, 29 p.

Fitzpatrick, F.A., Garrison, P.J., Fitzgerald, S.A., and Elder, J.F., 2003, Nutrient, traceelement, and ecological history of Musky Bay, Lac Courte Oreilles, Wisconsin, as 

inferred from sediment cores: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources 

Investigations Report 02–4225, 141 p.

Fitzpatrick, F.A., and Peppler, M.C., 2003, Sedimentation and sediment chemistry,

Neopit Mill Pond, Menominee Indian Reservation, Wisconsin, 2001: U.S. Geological 

Survey Open-File Report 03–23, 58 p.

Garn, H.S., Elder, J.F., and Robertson, D.M., 2003, Why study lakes? An overview of 

U.S. Geological Survey lake studies in Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Fact 

Sheet FS–063–03, 8 p.

Graczyk, D.G., Hunt, R.J., Greb, S.R., Buchwald, C.A., and Krohelski, J.T., 2003, 

Hydrology, water quality, and yields, from near-shore flows to four lakes in northern 

Wisconsin, 1999–2001: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations 

Report 03–4144. 64 p.

Hunt, R.J., 2003, Ground water-lake interaction modeling using the LAK3 Package for 

MODFLOW2000: Ground Water, vol. 41, no. 2, p. 114–118.

Hunt, R.J., Haitjema, H.M., Krohelski, J.T., and Feinstein, D.T., 2003, Simulating ground 

water-lake interactions: approaches and insights: Ground Water, vol. 41, no. 22, p. 

227–237.

Hunt, R.J., Pint, C.D., and Anderson, M.P., 2003, Using diverse data types to calibrate a 

watershed model of the Trout Lake Basin, northern Wisconsin, In MODFLOW and 

More 2003—Understanding through modeling: Proceedings of the 5th International 

Conference of the International Ground Water Modeling Center. Golden, CO: 

Colorado School of Mines, p. 600–604.
140

Hunt, R.J., Saad, D.A., and Chapel, D.M., 2003, Numerical simulation of ground water 

flow in La Crosse County, Wisconsin and into nearby pools of the Mississippi River: 

U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 03–4154. 36 p.

John, R., Pint, C.D., Anderson, M.P., and Hunt, R.J., 2003, The effects of potential 

climate change on lake levels and lake capture zones, In MODFLOW and More 

2003—Understanding through modeling: Proceedings of the 5th International 

Conference of the International Ground Water Modeling Center. Golden, CO: 

Colorado School of Mines, p. 212–216.

Magnuson, J.J., Krohelski, J.T., Kunkel, K.E., and Robertson, D.M., 2003, Wisconsin's 

waters and climate—historical changes and possible futures, In Wisconsin's waters: 

a confluence of perspectives: Transactions of the Wisconsin Academy, p. 23–36.

Pint, C.D., Hunt, R.J., and Anderson, M.P., 2003, Flow path delineation and ground 

water age, Allequash Basin, Wisconsin: Ground Water, vol. 41, no. 7, p. 895–902.

Robertson, D.M., Rose, W.J., and Garn, H.S., 2003, Water quality and the effects of 

changes in phosphorus loading, Red Cedar Lakes, Barron and Washburn Counties, 

Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 03–

4238, 42 p.

Robertson, D.M., Rose, W.J., and Saad, D.A., 2003, Water quality and the effects of 

changes in phosphorus loading to Muskellunge Lake, Vilas County, Wisconsin: U.S. 

Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 03–4011, 18 p.

2002

Anderson, M.P., Hunt, R.J., Krohelski, J.T., and Chung, K., 2002, Using high hydraulic 

conductivity nodes to simulate seepage lakes: Ground Water 40(2), p. 119–124.

Garn, H. S., 2002, Effects of lawn fertilizer on nutrient concentration in runoff from 

lakeshore lawns, Lauderdale Lakes, Wisconsin: USGS Water-Resources 

Investigations Report 02–4130, 6 p.

Kelson, V.A., Hunt, R.J., and Haitjema, H.M., 2002, Improving a regional model using 

reduced complexity and parameter estimation: Ground Water, vol. 40, no. 2, p. 138–

149.

Krohelski, J.T., Lin, Y., Rose, W.J., and Hunt, R.J., 2002, Simulation of Fish, Mud and 

Crystal Lakes and the shallow ground-water system, Dane County, Wisconsin: 

USGS Water-Resources Investigations Report 02–20. 

Krohelski, J.T., Rose, W.J., and Hunt, R.J., 2002, Hydrologic investigation of Powell 

Marsh and its relationship to Dead Pike Lake Vilas County, Wisconsin: USGS WaterResources Investigations Report 02–4034.

Madenjian, C.P., Fahenstiel, G.L., Johengen, T.H., Nalepa, T.F., Venderploeg, H.A., 

Fleischer, G.W., Schneeberger, P.J., Benjamin, D.M., Smith, E.B., Bence, J.R., 

Rutherford, E.S., Lavis, D.S., Robertson, D.M., Jude, D.J., and Ebener, M.P., 2002, 

Dynamics of the Lake Michigan food web, 1970–2000: Canadian Journal of Fisheries 

and Aquatic Sciences, Vol. 59, p. 736–753.
141

Robertson, D.M., Goddard, G.L, Mergerer, E.A., Rose, W.J., and Garrison, P.J., 2002, 

Hydrology and water quality of Geneva Lake, Walworth County, Wisconsin: U.S. 

Geological Survey Water Resources Investigations Report 02–4039, 73 p.

Robertson, D.M., and Lenz, B.N., 2002, Response of the St. Croix River Pools, 

Wisconsin and Minnesota, to various phosphorus-loading scenarios: U.S. Geological 

Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 02–4181, 36 p.

2001

Hunt, R.J., Bradbury, K.R., and Krohelski, J.T., 2001, The effects of large-scale pumping 

and diversion on the water resources in Dane County, Wisconsin: USGS Fact Sheet 

FS–127–01, 4 p. 

Hunt, R.J., Haitjema, H.M., Krohelski, J.T., and Feinstein, D.T., 2001, Simulating 

groundwater-lake interactions with models: MODFLOW and analytic element 

approaches, In MODFLOW 2001 and Other Modeling Odysseys: Proceedings of the 

4th International Conference of the International Ground Water Modeling Center. 

Golden, CO: Colorado School of Mines, p. 328–334.

Lin, Y., Krohelski, J.T., and Hunt, R.J., 2001, Simulation of lake stage in two seepage 

lakes in southcentral Wisconsin using the LAK3 package for MODFLOW, In

MODFLOW 2001 and Other Modeling Odysseys: Proceedings of the 4th 

International Conference of the International Ground Water Modeling Center. 

Golden, CO: Colorado School of Mines, p. 411–417.

2000

Elder, J.F., Robertson, D.M., and Garrison, P.J., 2000, Chemical composition of surficial 

deposits in Geneva Lake, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet FS–121–

00.

Elder J.F., Rybicki, N.B., Carter, V.P., and Weintraub, V., 2000, Sources and yields of 

dissolved carbon in northern Wisconsin stream catchments with differing amounts of 

peatland: Wetlands, vol. 20, no. 1, p.113–125.

Hunt, R.J., Graczyk, D.J., and Rose, W.J., 2000, Water flows in the Necedah National 

Wildlife Refuge: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet FS–068–00, 4 p.

Hunt, R.J., Lin, J., Krohelski, J.T., and Juckem, P.F., 2000, Simulation of the shallow 

hydrologic system in the vicinity of Middle Genesee Lake, Wisconsin, using analytic 

elements and parameter estimation: U.S. Geological Survey Water Resources 

Investigations Report 00–4136, 16 p. 

Lathrop, R.C., Carpenter, S.R., and Robertson, D.M., 2000, Interacting factors causing 

exceptional water clarity in Lakes Mendota and Monona, Wisconsin: Proc. of the 

International Limnological Society, SIL, Dublin, Ireland, August, 1998.

Magnuson, J.J., Robertson, D.M. Wynne, R.H., Benson, B.J., Livigstone, D.M., Arai, T., 

Assel, R.A., Barry, R.G., Card, V., Kuusisto, E., Granin, N.G., Prowse, T.D., Stewart, 

K.M., and Vuglinski, V.S., 2000, Historical trends in lake and river ice cover in the 

northern hemisphere: Science, Vol. 289, No. 5485, p. 1743–1746.
142

Magnuson, J.J., Wynne, R.H., Benson, B.J., and Robertson, D.M., 2000, Lake and river 

ice as a powerful indicator of past and present climates: Proc. of the International 

Limnological Society, SIL, Dublin, Ireland, August, 1998.

Robertson, D.M., 2000, One-dimensional simulation of stratification and dissolved 

oxygen in McCook Reservoir, Illinois: U.S. Geological Survey Water Resources 

Investigations Report 00–4258, 17 p.

Robertson, D.M., Goddard, G.L., Helsel, D.R., and MacKinnon, K.L., 2000, 

Rehabilitation of Delavan Lake, Wisconsin: Lake and Reservoir Management, vol. 

20, vo. 3, p. 155–176.

Robertson, D.M., and Rose, W.J., 2000, Hydrology, water quality, and phosphorus 

loading of Little St. Germain Lake, Vilas County, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey 

Water Resources Investigations Report 00–4209, 8 p.

Robertson, D.M., Wynne, R.H., and Chang, W.Y.B., 2000, Variability in ice cover across 

the northern hemisphere during the 1900's associated with El Nino events: 

Proceedings of the International Limnological Society, SIL, Dublin, Ireland, August, 

1998.

Saad, D.A., and Robertson, D.M., 2000, Water-resources-related information for the St. 

Croix Reservation and vicinity, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Water Resources 

Investigations Report 00–4133, 65 p.

Johnson, G.P., Hornewer, N.J., Robertson, D.M., and Olson, D.T., 2000, Methodology, 

data collection, and data analysis for determination of water-mixing patterns induced 

by aerators and mixers: U.S. Geological Survey Water Resources Investigations 

Report 00–4101, 72 p.

Grannemann, N.G., Hunt, R.J., Nicholas, J.R. Reilly, T.E., and Winter, T.C., 2000, The 

importance of ground water to the Great Lakes Region: U.S. Geological Survey 

Water Resources Investigations Report 00–4008, 12 p.

 1999

Lathrop, R.C., Carpenter, S.R., and Robertson, D.M., 1999, Summer water clarity 

responses to phosphorus, Daphnia grazing, and internal mixing in Lake Mendota: 

Limnology and Oceanography, vol. 44, no. 1, p. 137–146.

Krohelski, J.T., Feinstein, D.T., and Lenz, B.N., 1999, Simulation of stage and hydrologic 

budget for Shell Lake, Washburn County, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey WaterResources Investigations Report 99–4209, 23 p.

Panuska, J.C., and Robertson, D.M., 1999, Estimating phosphorus concentrations 

following alum treatment using apparent settling velocities: Lakes and Reservoir 

Management, vol. 15, no. 1, p. 28–38.

 1998

Hunt, R.J, Anderson, M.P., and Kelson, V.A., 1998, Improving a complex finitedifference ground water flow model through the use of an analytic element screening 

model: Ground Water, vol. 36, no. 6, p. 1011–1017.
143

Hunt, R.J, Anderson, M.P., and Kelson, V.A., 1998, Linking an analytic element flow 

code to MODFLOW— Implementation and benefits, In MODFLOW’98: Proceedings 

of the 3rd International Conference of the International Ground Water Center. 

Golden, CO: Colorado School of Mines, p 477–504.

Krabbenhoft, D.P., Gilmour, C.C., Benoit, J.M., Babiarz, C.L., Andren, A.W., and Hurley, 

J.P., 1998, Methyl mercury dynamics in littoral sediments of a temperate lake: 

Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, vol. 55, p. 835–844.

Robertson, D.M., Elder, J.F., Goddard, G.L., and James, W.F., 1998, Dynamics in 

phosphorus retention in wetlands upstream of Delavan Lake, Wisconsin: Lakes and 

Reservoir Management, vol. 14, no. 4, p. 466–477.

Rose, W.J., and Robertson, D.M., 1998, Hydrology, water quality, and phosphorus 

loading of Kirby Lake, Barron County, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 

FS–066–98, 4 p.

Walker, J.F. and Krabbenhoft, D.P., 1998, Groundwater and surface-water interactions 

in riparian and lake-dominated systems, In Kendall, C. and McDonnell, J.J. eds., 

Isotope tracers in catchment hydrology, Elsevier Publishing, New York, 839 p.

1997

Elder, J.F., Manion, B.J., and Goddard, G.L., 1997, Mesocosm experiments to assess 

factors affecting phosphorus retention and release in an extended Wisconsin 

wetland: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 97–4272, 

14 p.

Goddard, G.L., and Elder, J.F., 1997, Retention of sediments and nutrients in Jackson 

Creek Wetland near Delavan Lake, Wisconsin, 1993–95: U.S. Geological Survey 

Water-Resources Investigations Report 97–4014, 22 p.

Hornewer, N.J., Johnson, G.P., Robertson, D.M. and Hondzo, M., 1997, Field-scale 

tests for determining mixing patterns associated with coarse-bubble air diffuser 

configurations, Egan Quarry, Illinois, In Environmental and Coastal Hydraulics: 

Protecting the Aquatic Habitat, Proceedings of the International Association of 

Hydraulic Research, San Francisco, CA, USA, p. 57–63.

Robertson, D.M., 1997, Regionalized loads of sediment and phosphorus to Lakes 

Michigan and Superior—High flow and long-term average: Journal of Great Lakes 

Research, vol. 23, p. 416–439.

1996

Anderson, W.L., Robertson, D.M., and Magnuson, J.J., 1996, Evidence of recent 

warming and El Nino-related variation in ice breakup of Wisconsin lakes: Limnology 

and Oceanography, vol. 41, p. 815–821.

Elder, J.F. and Goddard, G.L., 1996, Sediment and nutrient trapping efficiency of a 

constructed wetland near Delavan Lake, Wisconsin, 1993–1995: U.S. Geological 

Survey Fact Sheet FS–232–96.
144

Garn, H.S., Olson, D.L., Seidel, T.L., and Rose, W.J., 1996, Hydrology and water quality 

of Lauderdale Lakes, Walworth County, Wisconsin, 1993–94: U.S. Geological 

Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96–4235, 29 p.

Hunt, R.J. and Krohelski, J.T., 1996, The application of an analytical element model to 

investigate groundwater-lake interactions at Pretty Lake, Wisconsin: Lake and 

Reservoir Management, vol. 12, p. 487–495.

Imberger, J., Robertson, D.M., and Boland, K., 1996, Lake Number—A quantitative 

indicator of mixing to be used in water quality management: Scientific Impeller, 

Solna, Sweden, no. 4, p. 9–15.

Kammerer, P.A., Jr., 1996, Hydrology and water quality of Park Lake, South-central 

Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet FS–197–96.

Robertson, D.M., Field, S.J, Elder, J.F., Goddard, G.L., and James, W.F., 1996, 

Phosphorus dynamics of Delavan Lake Inlet in southeastern Wisconsin: U.S. 

Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96–4160, 18 p.

1995

Assel, R.A. and Robertson, D.M. 1995, Changes in winter air temperatures near Lake 

Michigan during 1851–1993, as determined from regional lake-ice records: 

Limnology and Oceanography, v. 40, p 165–176.

Assel, R.A., Robertson, D.M., Hoff, M.H., and Selgeby, J.H., 1995, Climatic-change 

implications from long-term (1823–1994) ice records near the Laurentian Great 

Lakes: Annals of Glaciology, vol. 21, p. 383–386.

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processes of mercury across sediment/water interfaces in seepage lakes, In Baker, 

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1993

Field, S.J., 1993, Hydrology and water quality of Powers Lake, southeastern Wisconsin: 

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U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91–4107, 61 p.

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water levels in Graber Pond, Middleton, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey WaterResources Investigations Report 92–4029, 10 p.
146

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detention pond in Madison, Wisconsin, 1987–88: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File 

Report 93–172, 57 p.

Hughes, P.E., 1993, Hydrology, water quality, trophic status, and aquatic plants of 

Fowler Lake, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations 

Report 91–4076, 44 p.

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Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93–4139, 

22 p.

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northwestern Wisconsin, 1987–1989: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources 

Investigations Report 91–4125, 28 p.

1992

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biogeochemical budgets (WEBB) program: Data availability and research at the 

northern temperate lakes site, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 

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mercury cycling: Water Resources Research, vol. 28, no. 12, p. 3119–3128.

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lake-level fluctuation, St. Croix Indian Reservation, Wisconsin, 1981–87: U.S. 

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detect historical and future climatic changes: Climatic Change, v. 21, p. 407–427.

1991

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89–4204, 24 p.

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dewatering on four lakes near Crandon, Wisconsin, by use of a water-budget model: 

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149

APPENDIX

Wisconsin Lakes Team

Quality-Assurance Plan

Most lake studies and monitoring programs that are conducted by the USGS Wisconsin

Water Science Center entail water sampling and analysis to determine water quality and

biological productivity. Because all sampling and analysis is subject to error and random

variablility, a certain proportion of the sampling effort should include quality-assurance

samples. Sampling by the USGS was done by the Lake Studies Team of the USGS 

Wisconsin Water Science Center. This team implements a quality-assurance plan each 

year that involves collecting three types of samples from a subset of the lakes studied 

each year, which include blanks, replicates, and spikes (U.S. Geological Survey, 

Wisconsin Water Science Center Lake Studies Team). These samples are collected 

and/or prepared solely for the purpose of assessing the magnitude of error and random 

variability so that the accuracy and precision of all data can be evaluated. The plan for 

this quality-assurance sampling is described below.

Three types of QA/QC samples are collected:

blanks

Provide information about accuracy and errors due to treatment or reagents

replicates

provide information about precision (variability)

standard additions (spikes)

provide information about accuracy and matrix interferences

Blank Sampling

B1. A preservation blank consists of deionized water or inorganic blank water, to which 

is added any reagents or preservatives that are normally added to natural water 

samples. The blank is not taken to the field, but is shipped to the laboratory for analysis 

along with the natural water samples.

This blank sample is analyzed for the Nutrient Group1 and chlorophyll-a.

B2. A field blank consists of deionized water or inorganic blank water treated exactly 

the same as regular samples. During winter, the field blank is analyzed for total 

phosphorus (TP) only; during summer, it is analyzed for TP and chlorophyll-a, and in the 

spring it is analyzed for the Nutrient Group and chlorophyll-a.

-------------------------------------------------------------

1

Nutrient Group = all phosphorus and nitrogen species that are commonly determined in

lakes (total phosphorus, nitrate + nitrite, ammonia, total Kjeldahl nitrogen, total nitrogen)
150

Replicate Sampling

Triplicate samples are taken near water surface in summer for analysis of total 

phosphorus and chlorophyll-a. For a portion of the sites where surface triplicates 

are collected, a set of triplicate samples is also taken from near-bottom water, for 

analysis of total phosphorus.

Triplicate samples collected in the spring are taken near the water surface for 

analysis of the Nutrient Group.

Standard Addition Testing

Replicate samples are collected for a standard addition (spike) test, which

consists of an addition of a prepared phosphorus solution (standard) of known 

volume and concentration, such that the expected result of analysis is the natural 

water TP concentration plus the known addition. One sample from each set will

receive no spike (the mean of these gives the natural water TP concentration). 

Data and results of replicate sampling and field blank testing for the past five 

years are shown in Table A1.
151

Table A1. Analyses of replicate samples from Wisconsin lakes in water years 2008-2012. See text for procedures used. Phosphorus

data in milligrams per liter; chlorophyll data in micrograms per liter. Symbol "<" indicates less than given detection limit (DL); mean and

standard deviation not calculated for datasets containing values less than DL. 

Parameter Lake Date Mean

Standard 

Deviation

Percent 

Standard 

Deviation

Beulah 3/4/08 0.010 0.011 0.011 0.001 6.7

Beulah 8/26/08 0.011 0.012 0.012 0.001 6.1

Beulah 2/23/09 0.013 0.013 0.013 0.000 0.0

Beulah 8/24/09 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.000 0.0

Delavan 9/15/09 0.035 0.031 0.031 0.032 0.002 7.1

Beulah 8/19/10 0.015 0.016 0.016 0.001 4.6

Big Cedar, South 8/24/10 0.015 0.014 0.015 0.001 4.9

Powers 8/30/10 0.021 0.022 0.022 0.001 3.3

Beulah 8/10/11 0.140 0.170 0.155 0.021 13.7

Oconomowoc 7/25/11 0.013 0.010 0.012 0.012 0.002 13.1

Powers 7/25/11 0.017 0.018 0.020 0.018 0.002 8.3

Wind 7/25/11 0.018 0.019 0.021 0.019 0.002 7.9

Anvil 7/17/12 0.024 0.035 0.028 0.029 0.006 19.2

Beulah 8/29/12 0.014 0.015 0.016 0.015 0.001 6.7

Big Cedar, South 8/24/12 0.011 0.011 0.011 0.011 0.000 0.0

Little Cedar, South 8/24/12 0.012 0.013 0.013 0.001 5.7

Powers 8/30/12 0.015 0.015 0.016 0.015 0.001 3.8

Big Cedar, South 8/24/10 0.081 0.067 0.074 0.010 13.4

Powers 8/30/10 0.036 0.038 0.037 0.001 3.8

Anvil 7/17/12 0.028 0.025 0.031 0.028 0.003 10.7

Big Cedar, South 8/24/12 0.025 0.025 0.028 0.025 0.000 0.0

Little Cedar, South 8/24/12 0.168 0.170 0.169 0.001 0.8

Beulah 3/4/08 0.001 0.003 0.002 0.001 70.7

Beulah 8/26/08 <0.002 <0.002 NA NA NA

Beulah 2/23/09 <0.002 <0.002 NA NA NA

Beulah 8/24/09 <0.002 <0.002 NA NA NA

Beulah 8/19/10 <0.002 <0.002 NA NA NA

Beulah 8/10/11 <0.002 <0.002 NA NA NA

Anvil 7/17/12 0.007 <0.002 0.003 NA NA NA

Beulah 8/29/12 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 NA NA NA

Beulah 3/4/08 0.083 0.046 0.065 0.026 40.6

Beulah 8/26/08 <0.015 <0.015 NA NA NA

Beulah 2/23/09 0.211 0.204 0.208 0.005 2.4

Beulah 8/24/09 0.032 0.035 0.034 0.002 6.3

Beulah 8/19/10 <0.015 0.030 NA NA NA

Beulah 8/10/11 0.032 0.029 0.031 0.002 7.0

Anvil 7/17/12 <0.015 0.019 0.018 NA NA NA

Beulah 8/29/12 <0.015 <0.015 <0.015 NA NA NA

Beulah 3/4/08 0.570 0.450 0.510 0.085 16.6

Beulah 8/26/08 0.530 0.580 0.555 0.035 6.4

Beulah 2/23/09 0.660 0.690 0.675 0.021 3.1

Beulah 8/24/09 0.160 0.530 0.345 0.262 75.8

Beulah 8/19/10 0.580 0.680 0.63 0.071 11.2

Beulah 8/10/11 0.560 0.460 0.510 0.071 13.9

Anvil 7/17/12 0.280 0.390 0.410 0.360 0.070 19.4

Beulah 8/29/12 0.800 0.500 0.460 0.587 0.186 31.7

 Total Phosphorus

Total Phosphorus, near 

bottom

Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen

Dissolved Ammonia

 Dissolved Phosphorus

Replicate Data
152

Table A1. -- continued

Parameter Lake Date Mean

Standard 

Deviation

Percent 

Standard 

Deviation

Beulah 3/4/08 0.675 0.670 0.673 0.004 0.5

Beulah 8/26/08 <0.019 <0.019 NA NA NA

Beulah 2/23/09 0.673 0.721 0.697 0.034 4.9

Beulah 8/24/09 0.074 0.073 0.074 0.001 1.0

Beulah 8/19/10 0.022 0.022 0.022 0.000 0.0

Beulah 8/10/11 0.067 0.066 0.067 0.001 1.1

Anvil 7/17/12 <0.019 <0.019 <0.019 NA NA NA

Beulah 8/29/12 <0.019 <0.019 <0.019 NA NA NA

Beulah 8/26/08 6.97 7.45 7.21 0.34 4.71

Beulah 2/23/09 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.00 0.0

Beulah 8/24/09 2.66 2.90 2.78 0.17 6.1

Delavan 9/15/09 10.80 10.10 9.8 10.23 0.51 5.0

Beulah 8/19/10 5.35 5.56 5.46 0.15 2.72

Big Cedar, South 8/24/10 3.93 3.9 3.92 0.02 0.54

Beulah 8/10/11 4.45 5.24 4.85 0.56 11.53

Anvil 7/17/12 5.10 3.95 3.74 4.26 0.73 17.17

Beulah 8/29/12 5.36 4.68 6.11 5.38 0.72 13.29

Big Cedar, South 8/24/12 3.72 3.55 3.53 3.60 0.10 2.90

Beulah 3/4/08 <1.0 <1.0 NA NA NA

Beulah 8/26/08 <1.0 <1.0 NA NA NA

Beulah 2/23/09 <1.0 <1.0 NA NA NA

Beulah 8/24/09 <1.0 <1.0 NA NA NA

Beulah 8/19/10 <1.0 <1.0 NA NA NA

Beulah 8/10/11 <1.0 <1.0 NA NA NA

Beulah 8/29/12 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 NA NA NA

Beulah 3/4/08 62.8 62.5 62.65 0.212 0.3

Beulah 8/26/08 47.9 47.6 47.75 0.212 0.4

Beulah 2/23/09 63 63.8 63.4 0.566 0.9

Beulah 8/24/09 41.7 41.9 41.8 0.141 0.3

Beulah 8/19/10 47 47.3 47.15 0.212 0.4

Beulah 8/10/11 37.4 38 37.7 0.424 1.1

Beulah 8/29/12 35.9 36.5 36.6 36.3 0.379 1.0

Beulah 3/4/08 35.6 35.5 35.55 0.071 0.2

Beulah 8/26/08 32.8 32.5 32.65 0.212 0.6

Beulah 2/23/09 34.7 35.1 34.9 0.283 0.8

Beulah 8/24/09 31.2 31.3 31.25 0.071 0.2

Beulah 8/19/10 34.1 33.8 33.95 0.212 0.6

Beulah 8/10/11 36.7 37.1 36.90 0.283 0.8

Beulah 8/29/12 37.4 38.1 38.1 37.87 0.404 1.1

Beulah 3/4/08 1.8 1.9 1.85 0.071 3.8

Beulah 8/26/08 1.4 1.4 1.4 0.000 0.0

Beulah 2/23/09 1.7 1.7 1.7 0.000 0.0

Beulah 8/24/09 1.4 1.4 1.4 0.000 0.0

Beulah 8/19/10 1.4 1.5 1.45 0.071 4.9

Beulah 8/10/11 1.5 1.6 1.55 0.071 4.6

Beulah 8/29/11 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.77 0.058 3.3

Beulah 3/4/08 9.9 10 9.95 0.071 0.7

Beulah 8/26/08 9 8.9 8.95 0.071 0.8

Beulah 2/23/09 9.7 9.8 9.75 0.071 0.7

Beulah 8/24/09 8.6 8.7 8.65 0.071 0.8

Beulah 8/19/10 10.4 11.4 10.9 0.707 6.5

Beulah 8/10/11 10.4 10.7 10.55 0.212 2.0

Beulah 8/29/12 11.4 11.5 12.1 11.67 0.379 3.2

Chlorophyll-a 

(micrograms per liter)

Dissolved Nitrate plus 

Nitrite

Turbidity, NTU

Dissolved Calcium

Replicate Data

Diss. Potassium

Diss. Magnesium

Dissolved Sodium
153

Table A1. -- continued

Parameter Lake Date Mean

Standard 

Deviation

Percent 

Standard 

Deviation

Beulah 3/4/08 245 244 244.5 0.707 0.3

Beulah 8/26/08 219 218 218.5 0.707 0.3

Beulah 2/23/09 258 256 257 1.414 0.6

Beulah 8/24/09 209 209 209 0.000 0.0

Beulah 8/19/10 208 207 207.5 0.707 0.3

Beulah 8/10/11 194 194 194 0.000 0.0

Beulah 8/29/12 206 205 205 205.3 0.577 0.3

Beulah 3/4/08 23.5 23.7 23.6 0.141 0.6

Beulah 8/26/08 21 20.9 20.95 0.071 0.3

Beulah 2/23/09 23 22.9 22.95 0.071 0.3

Beulah 8/24/09 21.6 21.4 21.5 0.141 0.7

Beulah 8/19/10 21.6 21.5 21.55 0.071 0.3

Beulah 8/10/11 24.7 24.5 24.6 0.141 0.6

Beulah 8/29/12 26.9 27.1 27.1 27.03 0.115 0.4

Beulah 3/4/08 15.3 15.2 15.25 0.071 0.5

Beulah 8/26/08 10.3 10.3 10.3 0.000 0.0

Beulah 2/23/09 14.8 15 14.9 0.141 0.9

Beulah 8/24/09 11.3 11.3 11.3 0.000 0.0

Beulah 8/19/10 18.1 18.1 18.1 0.000 0.0

Beulah 8/10/11 12.7 12.7 12.7 0.00 0.0

Beulah 8/29/12 14.6 14.5 14.5 14.5 0.06 0.4

Beulah 3/4/08 29.5 29.5 29.5 0.000 0.0

Beulah 8/26/08 26.3 26.3 26.3 0.000 0.0

Beulah 2/23/09 30.5 30.8 30.65 0.212 0.7

Beulah 8/24/09 27.7 27.8 27.75 0.071 0.3

Beulah 8/19/10 25.9 25.8 25.85 0.071 0.3

Beulah 8/10/11 29.3 29.2 29.25 0.071 0.2

Beulah 8/29/12 32.5 32.8 32.5 32.6 0.173 0.5

Beulah 3/4/08 <100 <100 NA NA NA

Beulah 8/26/08 <100 <100 NA NA NA

Beulah 2/23/09 <100 <100 NA NA NA

Beulah 8/24/09 <100 <100 NA NA NA

Beulah 8/19/10 <100 <100 NA NA NA

Beulah 8/10/11 <100 <100 NA NA NA

Beulah 8/29/12 <100 <100 <100 NA NA NA

Beulah 8/26/08 <0.5 <0.5 NA NA NA

Beulah 2/23/09 <1.0 <1.0 NA NA NA

Beulah 8/24/09 <1.0 <1.0 NA NA NA

Beulah 8/10/11 <1.0 <1.0 NA NA NA

Beulah 8/29/12 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 NA NA NA

Beulah 8/26/08 302 298 300 2.83 0.9

Beulah 2/23/09 350 346 348 2.83 0.8

Beulah 8/24/09 312 312 312 0.00 0.0

Beulah 8/19/10 284 286 285 1.41 0.5

Beulah 8/10/11 270 272 271 1.41 0.5

Beulah 8/29/12 282 276 278 279 3.06 1.1

Dissolved Silica

Replicate Data

Dissolved Iron

Dissolved Solids

ANC as CaCO3

Diss. Manganese

Diss. Chloride

Dissolved Sulfate
154

Table A2. Data from tests of blanks, 2007-2012. All data in milligrams per liter, unless otherwise indicated.

< = less than given detection limit; E = estimated value.

Delavan Lake. Analyses at USGS National Water Quality Laboratory, Lakewood, CO. 

Parameter 4/7/06 6/13/06 8/14/06 4/16/07 9/14/09

Total Phosphorus < 0.004 E 0.002 < 0.004 <0.004 <0.008

Dissolved orthophosphate <0.006 <0.006 E0.003 <0.006 <0.008

Chlorophyll a < 0.0260 --- < 0.0260 <0.260 ---

Lake Beulah at Deep Hole near East Troy, WI. Analysis at Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, Madison, WI

Parameter 8/29/07 2/27/08 8/26/08 2/22/09 8/20/09 8/19/10 8/10/11

Total Phosphorus <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005

Dissolved orthophosphate 0.005 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002

Total Kjeldahl <0.14 <0.14 <0.14 <0.14 <0.14 <0.14 <0.14

Dissolved Ammonia <0.15 <0.015 <0.015 <0.015 <0.015 0.015 <0.015

Dissolved Nitrate plus Nitrite <0.019 <0.019 <0.019 <0.019 <0.019 <0.019 <0.019

Chlorophyll a (μg/L) <0.260 --- <0.260 <0.260 <0.260 <0.260 <0.260

Dissolved Calcium <0.10 <0.10 <0.10 <0.10 <0.10 <0.10 <0.10

Dissolved Magnesium <0.10 <0.10 <0.10 <0.10 <0.10 <0.10 <0.10

Dissolved Potassium <0.10 <0.10 <0.10 <0.10 <0.10 <0.10 <0.10

Dissolved Sodium 0.200 <0.10 <0.10 <0.10 <0.10 <0.10 <0.10

ANC as CaCO3 <2 3 <2 <2 <2 <2 3

Dissolved Chloride <1.0 1.2 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

Dissolved Silica <0.22 <0.022 <0.022 <0.022 <0.022 <0.022 <0.022

Dissolved Sulfate <4.5 <4.5 <4.5 <4.5 <4.5 <4.5 <4.5

Dissolved Iron <100 <100 <100 <100 <100 <100 <100

Dissolved Manganese <0.5 <0.5 <100 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

Dissolved Solids --- --- <50 <50 <50 <50 <50

Turbidity, NTU --- <1.0 <1.0 --- <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

Mercer Lake at Main Deep Hole at Mercer, WI, WI. Analysis at Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, Madison, WI

Parameter 8/27/10

Total Phosphorus < 0.005

Rolling Stone Lake near Pickerel, WI. Analysis at Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, Madison, WI

Parameter 8/29/07

Total Phosphorus <0.005

Chlorophyll a (ug/L) <0.260

ANC as CaCO3 2

Dissolved Silica <0.022

Wind Lake at Wind Lake, WI. Analyses at Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, Madison, WI

Parameter 6/13/06 8/30/10

Total Phosphorus < 0.005 < 0.005

Chlorophyll a (ug/L) <0.260 ---

Silver Lake near West Bend, WI. Analyses at Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, Madison, WI

Parameter 8/31/09

Total Phosphorus < 0.005

Chlorophyll a (ug/L) <0.260
155
Water-Quality and Lake-Stage 

Data for Wisconsin Lakes,

Water Year 2013

iii

CONTENTS

Introduction................................................................................................................................................................. 1 

Methods of data collection ......................................................................................................................................... 4 

Explanation of physical and chemical characteristics of lakes ................................................................................ 13

Water temperature and thermal stratification.............................................................................................. 13

Specific conductance .................................................................................................................................. 14

Water clarity ................................................................................................................................................ 14

pH .............................................................................................................................................................. 14 

Dissolved oxygen ........................................................................................................................................ 15

Phosphorus ................................................................................................................................................. 16

Nitrogen....................................................................................................................................................... 16

Chlorophyll a ............................................................................................................................................... 17

Classification of lakes............................................................................................................................................... 17

References cited ...................................................................................................................................................... 20

Lake data.................................................................................................................................................................. 22

Anvil

Water level (Lake Level Network), 05390500................................................................. ........ 23

Deep Hole, 455638089034501................................................................. .............................. 24

Beulah

Deep Hole, 424840088241600 ............................................................... ............................................ 31

Station No. 2, 424929088231300............................................................ ............................................ 35

Inlet near East Troy, 05544099............................................................... ............................................ 39

Big Cedar

North Site, near West Bend, 432409088151600.................................................................................. 41

South Site, near West Bend, 432224088154900................................................................................. 44

Delavan

Center near Delavan Lake, 423556088365001 ................................................................................... 48

North End near Lake Lawn, 423659088354401................................................................................... 55

SW End near Delavan Lake, 423526088380101................................................................................. 58

Devils near Baraboo, 05404500 ................................................................................................................. 61

Eagle at Deep Hole near Kansasville, 424207088072400 ......................................................................... 63

Geneva 

Water level at Lake Geneva, 423525088260400................................................................................. 68

West End, near Williams Bay, 423329088323300............................................................................... 70

Green

Water level at County Trunk Highway A near Green Lake (East End), 434928088553601 ................ 76

Deep Hole, 434756089020500............................................................................................................. 78

East End, 434928088570000............................................................................................................... 83

Huron near Plainfield, water level (Lake Level Network), 05401063.......................................................... 87

Kegonsa, 425715089164700...................................................................................................................... 89

Koshkonong near Newville, 05427235 ....................................................................................................... 91

Long Lake near Saxeville, water level (Lake Level Network), 441257089071500..................................... 93

Mendota at Madison, 05428000 ................................................................................................................. 95

Middle Genesee at Genesee Lake Road, near Oconomowoc, 430251088284700 ................................... 97

Monona at Madison, 05429000 .................................................................................................................. 99

North Lake near Elkhorn, water level (Lake Level Network), 05545000 .................................................. 102

Oconomowoc

No. 1 (Center) at Oconomowoc, 430551088273500 ......................................................................... 104

No. 2 (off Hewitt Point) at Oconomowoc, 430609088262200 ............................................................ 108

Powers at Powers Lake, 423246088175800 ............................................................................................ 111

Silver Lake near Cumberland, water level (Lake Level Network), 453420091551600............................. 115

Silver Lake at Portage, water level (Lake Level Network), 04072500 ...................................................... 117

Waubesa, 05429485................................................................................................................................. 119
iv 

Whitefish (Bardon) Lake near Gordon, water level (Lake Level Network), 461231091524900 ............... 122

Wind, Headwater, at Outlet at Wind Lake, 424848088083100 ................................................................ 124

at Wind Lake, 424915088083900 ...................................................................................................... 126

Winnebago

Water level at Oshkosh, 04082500 .................................................................................................... 130

Water level near Stockbridge, 04084255 ........................................................................................... 133

Wisconsin Water Science Center publications pertaining to lakes........................................................................ 135

Appendix – Wisconsin Lakes Team Quality-Assurance Plan ................................................................................ 148 

FIGURE

Figure 1. Map showing location of USGS lake water-quality and lake-stage stations in Wisconsin ....................... 2 

TABLES

Table 1. Discontinued lake stations ....................................................................................................................... 5

2. Parameter identification numbers and laboratory reporting levels (LRL) for chemical

parameters commonly measured in lakes, and analyzed at the National Water-Quality

Laboratory (NWQL) or the Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene (WSLH)........................................ 12
v 

CONVERSION FACTORS, VERTICAL DATUM, AND ABBREVIATED WATER-QUALITY UNITS

Multiply By To Obtain

mile (mi) 1.609 kilometer

pound (lb) 453.6 gram

acre 0.4048 hectare

foot (ft) 0.3048 meter

meter (m) 3.281 foot

gallon (gal) 3.785 liter

square mile (mi2) 2.590 square kilometer

Temperature, in degrees Celsius (°C) can be converted to degrees Fahrenheit (°F) by use of the following 

equation

°F = 1.8(°C) + 32

Sea level: In this report “sea level” refers to either the National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 (NGVD 

of 1929)–a geodetic datum derived from a general adjustment of the first-order level nets of both the 

United States and Canada, formerly called Sea Level Datum of 1929– or the North American Vertical 

Datum of 1988 (NAVD 88). 

Abbreviated water-quality units: Chemical concentrations and water temperature are given in metric 

units. Chemical concentration is given in milligrams per liter (mg/L) or micrograms per liter (μg/L). 

Milligrams per liter is a unit expressing the concentration of chemical constituents in solution as weight 

(milligrams) of solute per unit volume (liter) of water. One thousand micrograms per liter is equivalent to 

one milligram per liter. For water with dissolved-solids concentrations less than 7,000 mg/L, the numerical 

values for concentrations expressed as mg/L and μg/L are the same as for concentrations in parts per 

million and parts per billion, respectively.

Specific conductance of water is expressed in microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius 

(μS/cm). This unit is equivalent to micromhos per centimeter (mmho/cm) at 25 degrees Celsius, formerly 

used by the U.S. Geological Survey.
1 

WATER-QUALITY AND LAKE-STAGE DATA

FOR WISCONSIN LAKES, WATER YEAR 2013

By Wisconsin Water Science Center

Lake-Studies Team

INTRODUCTION

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with local and other agencies, collects data at 

selected lakes throughout Wisconsin. These data, accumulated over many years, provide a data base for 

developing an improved understanding of the water quality of lakes. To make these data available to interested 

parties outside the USGS, the data are published annually in this report series. The locations of water-quality 

and lake-stage stations in Wisconsin for water year 2013 are shown in figure 1. A water year is the 12-month 

period from October 1 through September 30. It is designated by the calendar year in which it ends. Thus, the 

period October 1, 2012 through September 30, 2013 is called “water year 2013.”

The purpose of this report is to provide information about the chemical and physical characteristics of 

Wisconsin lakes. Data that have been collected at specific lakes, and information to aid in the interpretation of 

those data, are included in this report. Data collected include measurements of in-lake water quality and lake 

stage. Time series of Secchi depths, surface total phosphorus and chlorophyll a concentrations collected 

during non-frozen periods are included for all lakes. Graphs of vertical profiles of temperature, dissolved 

oxygen, pH, and specific conductance are included for sites where these parameters were measured. 

Descriptive information for each lake includes: location of the lake, area of the lake’s watershed, period for 

which data are available, revisions to previously published records, and pertinent remarks. Additional data, 

such as streamflow and water quality in tributary and outlet streams of some of the lakes, are published online 

at http://nwis.waterdata.usgs.gov/wi/nwis. 

Water-resources data, including stage and discharge data at most streamflow-gaging stations, are 

available through the World Wide Web on the Internet. The Wisconsin Water Science Center’s home page is 

at http://wi.water.usgs.gov/. Information on the Wisconsin Water Science Center’s Lakes Program is found at 

http://wi.water.usgs.gov/lakes/index.html and http://wi.water.usgs.gov/projects/index.html. The Wisconsin 

Water Science Center Lake-Studies Team includes S.B. Manteufel, D.M. Robertson, B.J. Siebers, and E.D.

Dantoin. 
2 
3 

The USGS has done cooperative lake monitoring with local and other agencies since 

1983. Cooperators in 2013 included:

Big Cedar Lake Protection and Rehabilitation District

Dane County

Geneva Lake Environmental Agency

Green Lake Sanitary District

Lake Beulah Management District

Middle Genesee Lake District

Powers Lake District

Rock County Public Works Department

Town of Delavan

Town of Washington

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

Village of Oconomowoc Lake

Wind Lake Management District

Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources
4 

Lake data-collection sites are identified by a unique identification number. Lake waterquality sites are identified by a 15-digit number that is a concatenation of the site’s latitude, 

longitude, and a two-digit sequence number. The sequence number is used to distinguish 

between sites located at the same latitude-longitude designation. The site identification number 

is permanently assigned to the site; actual latitude and longitude of the site are subject to 

update and are stored separately. For some lakes, which have historical records of lake stage, 

an eight-to-ten digit number is assigned according to downstream order. Gaps are left in the 

numerical series to allow for new stations; hence, the numbers are not consecutive. The first 

two digits of the complete eight-to-ten digit number, such as 04087000 or 054310157, designate 

the major river basin. For example, “04” designates the St. Lawrence River Basin and “05” 

designates the Upper Mississippi River Basin.

The water-quality lake stations that were discontinued prior to water year 2013 are listed 

in table 1. Discontinued lake-stage stations are not included in this table.

This report is the culmination of a concerted effort by a number of people who collected, 

compiled, analyzed, verified, and organized the data, and who typed, edited, and assembled the 

report. The authors had primary responsibility for assuring that the information contained herein 

is accurate, complete, and adheres to USGS policy and established guidelines. Technicians in 

charge of the field offices are: B.W. Olson (Rhinelander), and S.A. March (Middleton). The data 

were collected and processed by D.D. Baumann, E.D. Dantoin, D.E. Housner, D.L. Olson, Z.T. 

Scott, B.J. Siebers and C. Utzig. S.B. Manteufel assembled, edited, and formatted the report. 

Additional assistance in preparation of the report was provided by M.M. Greenwood, and D.L. 

Olson. 

METHODS OF DATA COLLECTION

Depth profiles of water temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, and specific conductance 

were collected using multi-parameter meters. Prior to measurements, the meters were 

calibrated using standards for pH and conductance, and dissolved oxygen was calibrated using 

the air calibration method. Generally, field measurements in profiles were made at 0.5-m 

intervals if the maximum depth of the lake was 5 m or less and at 1.0-m intervals if the 

maximum depth was greater than 5 m.
5 

Table 1. Discontinued lake stations

Station name Site identification number Period of record

Alma Lake near St. Germain 455426089254700 Oct. 1984–Sept. 1990,

May 1992–Sept.1996

Balsam Lake, off Cedar Island, at Balsam Lake 452755092264600 Feb. 1991–Aug. 1994

 off Little Narrows, near Balsam Lake 452858092265300 May 1991–Aug. 1994

 off Rock Island, near Balsam Lake 452754092234300 May 1991–Aug. 1994

Balsam Lake near Birchwood 453907091345800 Mar. 1993–Aug. 1994,

Mar. 1996–Aug. 1997,

Mar.–Sept. 2001

Bass Lake near Shawano 445215088300300 Feb. 1990–Aug. 1992

Bear Lake at Deep Hole near Haugen 453754091490900 Mar. 1992–Aug. 1993

Beaver Dam Lake, South end, at Beaver Dam 432814088515000 June–Oct. 1991

 North end, near Beaver Dam 433122088545700 June–Oct. 1991

Benedict Lake near Powers Lake 423201088180800 May 1998–Aug. 2000

Big Blacksmith Lake near Keshena 445401088334500 Feb. 1990–Aug. 1992

Big Hills (Hills) Lake near Wild Rose

 

440912089092000 June 1983–Aug. 1984,

Feb.–Aug. 1987, 

Feb.–Aug. 1990, 

Feb.–Aug. 1993,

Feb.–Aug. 1996,

Feb.–Aug. 1999

Big Muskego Lake, at North Site, near Muskego 425301088061300 Feb.–Aug. 1988

 Research Base, near Muskego 425235088075300 May–June 1994

Big Round Lake near Milltown 453142092180100 Feb.–Sept. 2001

Big St. Germain Lake, near St. Germain 455557089311000 Feb. 1992–Aug. 1996

 near Lake Tomahawk 05390750 1991–2001

Big Sand Lake, Deep Hole, near Hertel 454910092134000 Feb.–Sept. 2001

 East Site, near Hertel 454921092124300 Feb.–Sept. 2001

Big Sissabagama Lake, near Stone Lake 454724091303600 Apr. 1986–Sept. 1996,

Oct. 1997–Sept. 2002

 North Site, near Stone Lake 454800091312900 Mar. 1998–Sept. 2001

Booth Lake near East Troy 424800088254800 Feb. 1992–Aug. 1994,

Feb. 2001–Aug. 2003

Buffalo Lake, Center Site, at Packwaukee 434558089260600 May 1998–Sept. 2001

 East End, at Montello 434720089201600 May 1998–Sept. 2001

 West End, near Endeavor 434414089282400 May 1998–Sept. 2001
6 

Table 1. Discontinued lake stations--continued

Station name Site identification number Period of record

Butternut Lake, near Park Falls 455854090310300 Oct. 2002–Oct. 2004

 Deep Hole, near Park Falls 455803090310800 Mar. 2003–Sept. 2004

 North Site, near Butternut 455904090303400 Mar. 2003–Sept. 2004

 Far South Site, near Park Falls 455651090312700 Mar. 2003–Sept. 2004

Denoon Lake at Wind Lake 425044088100300 Feb. 1991–Aug. 1996

Druid Lake near Hartford 431643088243300 Feb. 1991–Sept. 1996

Eagle Lake near Kansasville 05544500 1936–64, 1975–77, 

1979,

Feb. 1993–Sept. 1996

Eagle Lake, at Deep Hole, near Kansasville

 

424207088072400 Feb. 1993–Aug. 1996

Eagle Spring Lake at Eagleville 425103088261500 Apr. 1991–Sept. 2001

Elizabeth Lake near Twin Lakes 423051088155300 Feb. 1995–Sept. 1997

Fish Lake near Sauk City 05406050 Nov. 1966–Sept. 1981,

Apr. 1985–May 1987,

May 1988, Apr. 1989–

Oct. 1990, Oct. 1990–

Nov. 1996, Nov. 1996–

Sept. 2004

Fowler Lake, Center, at Oconomowoc 430653088294601 Jan.–Dec. 1984,

Oct. 1986–Sept. 1996

Fox Lake Deep Hole at Fox Lake 433458088560600 June 1991–Mar. 1993

Gilbert Lake Deep Hole near West Bend 432504088152201 Apr. –July 2012

 Gilbert Lake Tributary near West Bend 04086418 Apr. –July 2012

 Gilbert Lake Spring #1 near West Bend 432514088151601 Apr. –July 2012

 Gilbert Lake Spring #2 near West Bend 432511088151801 Apr. –July 2012

Geneva Lake, Geneva Bay, at Lake Geneva 423455088263800 Apr. 1997–Feb. 1999

 Williams Bay, at Williams Bay 423420088320500 Apr. 1997–Feb. 1999

 Center, near Lake Geneva 423402088301400 Apr. 1997–Mar. 1999

 East End, near Lake Geneva 423421088272300 Apr. 1997–May 2000

Hemlock Lake near Mikana 453421091333700 Mar. 1993–Aug. 1994,

Mar. 1996–Aug. 1997,

Mar.–Sept. 2001

Hooker Lake at Salem 423335088060300 Feb. 1992–Aug. 1993

Kawaguesaga, Deep Hole, near Minocqua 455208089435800 May–Sept. 2003

 South Site, near Minocqua 455145089442600 May–Sept. 2003
7 

Table 1. Discontinued lake stations--continued

Station name Site identification number Period of record

Kirby Lake near Cumberland 453554092042101 Nov. 1995–Oct. 1996

 (Site 1) near Cumberland 453608092035801 Nov. 1995–Nov. 1996

 (Site 2) near Cumberland 453601092035301 Nov. 1995–Nov. 1996

 (Site 3) near Cumberland 453612092034901 Nov. 1995–Nov. 1996

 (Site 4) near Cumberland 453603092035701 Nov. 1995–Nov. 1996

 (Site 5) near Cumberland 453608092041201 Nov. 1995–Nov. 1996

 (Site 6) near Cumberland 453555092040901 Nov. 1995–Nov. 1996

Lac La Belle at Oconomowoc 430733088305900 Feb. 1984–Aug. 1985,

Apr. –Aug. 1991,

Feb. 2001–Aug. 2003

 NW, at Oconomowoc 430809088313900 Feb. 1984–Aug. 1985

 SE, at Oconomowoc 430707088301400 Feb. 1984–Aug. 1985

Lake Bastine, Deep Hole, near Mercer 460511090153800 Apr. 2009–Mar. 2010

Lake Blass at Lake Delton 433545089482400 Mar. 1989–Aug. 1990

Lake Desair near Rice Lake 453446091465100 Aug. 2004

Lake Keesus, 

 East Bay, near Merton 430957088183400 Apr. 1991–Aug. 1995

 North Bay, near Merton 431006088191000 Apr. 1991–Aug. 1995

Lake Morris at Mount Morris 440654089120500 Jun. 1983–Sept. 1989

Lake Nebagamon, Northeast Bay, at Lake 

Nebagamon

463050091412300 May 1992–Aug. 1995

Southeast Bay, at Lake Nebagamon 462928091413500 Mar. 1992–Sept. 1995

 West Bay, at Lake Nebagamon 463034091425300 May 1992–Aug. 1995

Lake Noquebay near Crivitz 451511087550900 Feb. 1987–Aug. 1988,

Apr. 1991–Aug. 1994

 East End, near Crivitz 451540087525700 Apr. 1991–Aug. 1994

Lamotte Lake near Shawano 445305088361200 Feb. 1990–Aug. 1992

Lauderdale Lakes at Lauderdale

 Mill, at Lauderdale 

424554088332700

424555088335700

Oct. 1993–Oct. 1994

Nov. 1993–Nov. 1994,

Aug. 2002

Green, Auxiliary, Number 1, near Lauderdale 424640088341900 June 1999–Sept. 2000

Green, near Lauderdale 424652088341500 Nov. 1993–Nov. 1994,

Aug. 2002

Legend Lake (site 1) near Shawano 445342088312700 Feb. 1990–Feb. 1992

Little Arbor Vitae near Woodruff 455446089370300 Feb. 1991–Sept. 2002

Little Cedar Lake, North Site, near West Bend 432255088134700 Feb. 1997–Aug. 1999, 

Feb. 2003–Sept. 2012

Little Cedar Lake, South Site, near West Bend 432249088134500 Feb. 1997–Aug. 1999, 

Feb. 2003–Sept. 2012

Little Green Lake, at Center, near Markesan 434412088590700 Feb. 1991–Aug. 2003

Little Muskego Lake at Muskego 425425088083500 Oct. 1986–Aug. 2002
8 

Table 1. Discontinued lake stations--continued

Station name Site identification number Period of record

Little Rock Lake near Woodruff 455946089415702 Oct. 1983–Sept. 1996

Little St. Germain Lake, near Eagle River 05390700 (a)

 Upper East Bay, at St. Germain

 

455532089253900 Dec. 1996–Mar. 97,

Mar. 1999,

Mar. 2000–Aug. 2003

 Northeast Bay, near St. Germain 455545089262500 Apr. 1991–Aug. 1994,

Aug. 1996–Aug. 1997,

Mar. 1999–Aug. 2003

 South Bay, near St. Germain 455437089270800 Apr. 1991–Aug. 1994,

Aug. 1996–Aug. 1997, 

Mar. 1999–Aug. 2003

 West Bay, at St. Germain 455428089282400 Apr. 1991–Aug. 1994,

Aug. 1996–Aug. 1997,

Mar. 1999–Aug. 2003

Little Sand Lake - Site No. 2 - near Mole Lake 452826088544101 May1996–Sept. 2003

Long (Kee Nong Go-Mong) Lake at Wind Lake 424937088103400 Feb. 1988–Aug. 1989,

Feb. 1991–Aug. 1996

Loon Lake near Shawano 445009088303700 Feb. 1991–Aug. 1993

Lost Lake near Beaver Dam 432640088580500 June–Oct. 1991

McKenzie Lakes

 McKenzie (Big McKenzie)

 Deep Hole, near Spooner 455507092013500 Feb. 1987–Aug. 1998

 Northern Site, near Spooner 455540092022000 June 1997–Aug. 1998

 South Site, near Spooner 455437092022300 June 1997–Aug. 1998

 Lower McKenzie, near Webb Lake 455902092011900 June 1997–Aug. 1998

 Middle McKenzie, near Spooner 455635092021800 June 1997–Aug. 1998

Mary (Marie) Lake at Twin Lakes 423128088151200 Feb. 1995–Aug. 1997

Max Lake near Woodruff 460128089423501 Mar. 1988–Dec. 1996

Mead Lake, East Bay near Willard 444720090445000 Apr. 1991–Aug. 1995

 West Bay near Willard 444733090460100 Feb. 1991–Sept. 1995

Mercer Lake, Deep Hole, at Mercer 460937090033100 Mar. 2008–Sept. 2009

 West basin, at Mercer 460945090040600 Mar. 2008–Sept. 2009

Minocqua Lake

 Deep Hole, at Minocqua 455214089412800 May–Sept. 2003

 North Bay, at Minocqua 455232089424100 May–Sept. 2003

 South Bay, at Minocqua 455206089425200 May–Sept. 2003

Montello Lake at Montello 434748089195800 Feb. 1995–Aug. 1998

Moon Lake near St. Germain 455504089260500 Feb. 1992–Aug. 1996

Morgan Lake near Fence 454622088324801 Oct. 1987–Sept. 1998.
9 

Table 1. Discontinued lake stations--continued

Station name Site identification number Period of record

Moshawquit Lake near Shawano 445352088295800 Feb. 1990–Aug. 1992

Muskego (Big Muskego)

 Auxiliary Number 1, near Muskego 425329088054000 June 1996–Aug. 2000

 Bass Bay, near Muskego 425344008807010 Feb. 1988–Aug. 2002

 near Wind Lake 425109088075000 Oct. 1987–Sept. 1989, 

Jan. 1991–Sept. 2002

 South Site, near Muskego 425212088072800 Feb. 1988–Aug. 2002

Muskellunge Lake near Eagle River 455700089224900 June 2000–Aug. 2001

Muskellunge Lake, near Lake Outlet near Eagle 

River

455706089232400 Nov. 2000–Oct. 2001

Nagawicka Lake, at Deep Hole, at Delafield 430417088230300 Feb. 2003–Sept. 2004

Namekagon Lakes

 Garden, near Cable 461224091033200 Mar. 1998–Aug. 1999

 Jackson, near Cable 461457091065900 Mar. 1998–Aug. 1999

 Namekagon

 Deep Hole, near Cable 461308091065100 Mar. 1998–Aug. 1999

 East Basin, near Cable 461228091044300 Mar. 1998–Aug. 1999

 Northeast Basin, near Cable 461410091050700 Mar. 1998–Aug. 1999

Park Lake (site 1) at Pardeeville 433239089175800 Feb. 1986–Aug. 1987,

May–Nov. 1993

 (site 2) at Pardeeville 433226089175500 May–Nov. 1993

 (site 3) at Pardeeville 433245089173000 May–Nov. 1993

 (site 4) at Pardeeville 433257089165100 May–Nov. 1993

Pike Lake near Hartford 431916088200501 Dec. 1998–Dec. 2000

Pike Lake-QW Site-near Hartford 431835088200600 Feb.–Aug. 2000

Potter Lake near Mukwonago 424905088204000 Feb. 1993–Sept. 2007

Pretty Lake, at Deep Hole, near Dousman 425722088295000 Feb. 1993–Aug. 1997

Puckaway Lake, West Basin, near Marquette 434515089124000 Apr. 2005–Sept. 2007

 East Basin, near Marquette 43454208907300 Apr. 2005–Sept. 2007

 River site, near Marquette 434824089083200 Apr. 2005–Sept. 2007

Red Cedar Lake, at Mikana 453522091360600 Mar. 1993–Aug. 1994,

Mar. 1996–Aug. 1997,

Oct. 2000–Sept. 2001

 Deep Hole, near Mikana 453725091345100 Mar. 1993–Aug. 1994,

Mar. 1996–Aug. 1997,

Mar. –Sept. 2001

 South End, at Mikana 453519091352500 Mar. 1993–Aug. 1994,

Mar. 1996–Aug. 1997,

Mar. –Sept. 2001

Rice Lake at Deep Hole near Whitewater 424629088415700 Apr.–Nov. 1991
10

Table 1. Discontinued lake stations--continued

Station name Site identification number Period of record

Round Lake near Shawano 445328088335000 Feb. 1990–Aug. 1992

Sand Lake (Deep Hole) near Keshena 445321088323101 June–Aug. 1992

Shell Lake at Shell Lake 05334000 Aug. 1936–Sept. 1999

Silver Lake near Oconomowoc 430436088293300 Apr. 1992–Aug. 1996

Silver Lake near West Bend 432322088125000 Feb. 1996–Aug. 1997

Feb. 2009–Aug. 2009

Sinissippi Lake, off Anthony Is., at Hustisford 432113088361100 Feb. 1991–Aug. 1993

 off Butternut Is., near Hustisford 432240088363900 Apr. 1991–Aug. 1993

 off Sam Point, near Hustisford 432300088374200 Apr. 1991–Aug. 1993

Spirit Lake near Keshena 445400088320100 Apr.–Aug. 1992

Spooner Lake, Deep Hole, near Spooner 455034091493300 June 2002–Aug. 2004

 Southeast Site, near Spooner 454945091483900 June 2002–Aug. 2004

Stewart Lake at Mt. Horeb 430117089442701 May 1992–Sept. 1993

Tichigan Lake near Waterford 424854088123300 Mar. 1994–Aug. 1996,

Apr. 2003–Aug. 2004

Tombeau Lake near Powers Lake 423153088184800 May 1998–Aug. 2000

Townline Lake near Mercer 460409090084100 Apr. 2009–Mar. 2010

Trude Lake, Deep Hole, near Mercer 460646090091900 Apr. 2009–Mar. 2010

Turtle-Flambeau Flowage, Deep Hole, near 

Mercer

460458090102700 Apr. 2009–Mar. 2010

 SW Basin, near Mercer 460344090124800 Apr. 2009–Mar. 2010

 Lake Bastine, Deep Hole, near Mercer 460511090153800 Apr. 2009–Mar. 2010

 Townline Lake, near Mercer 460409090084100 Apr. 2009–Mar. 2010

 Trude Lake, Deep Hole, near Mercer 460646090091900 Apr. 2009–Mar. 2010

Twin Lake, East Twin, near Westfield 435430089350700 June 2002–Aug. 2004

West Twin, near Westfield 435438089352300 June 2002–Aug. 2004

Winnebago, Buoy Site, near Oshkosh 440128088271201 May 2011–Sept. 2011

(a) Wisconsin Valley Improvement Co. currently collects stage data for this site.

 

In most lakes, water samples were collected at two depths - near the surface and near 

the bottom. Chemical analyses of water samples were performed using standard analytical 

methods by either the USGS National Water Quality Laboratory (Wershaw and others, 1987; 

Fishman and Friedman, 1989; Fishman, 1993) or the Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene 

(Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, 1993). Analyses for dissolved constituents were 
11

performed on samples that were filtered in the field through a 0.45-μm (micrometer) pore-size 

filter. Total or total recoverable constituents were determined by analyzing unfiltered water 

samples. Preservation and shipment of samples followed standard protocols established by the 

laboratories. Water-quality data were archived in the Water Quality Data Base (QWDATA) of 

the National Water Information System (NWIS). Additional descriptive information about waterquality data is available in the data report: "Water Resources Data – Wisconsin, 2013". NWIS 

parameter codes and minimum laboratory reporting levels for chemical constituents are given in 

table 2. The parameter code for turbidity has changed from 00076 to 63675 or 63676 because 

the method of testing has changed.

Records of lake stage are considered complete when one or more manual or automatic 

measurements were obtained per day. Partial records of lake stage result when measurements 

were less frequent than daily. A complete description of manual or automatic measurements of 

lake stage is described by Rantz and others (1982). 
12

 

 

Table 2. Parameter identification numbers and laboratory reporting levels (LRL) for chemical parameters commonly 

measured in lakes, and analyzed at the National Water Quality Laboratory (NWQL) or the Wisconsin State 

Laboratory of Hygiene (WSLH)

(NWQL) (WSLH) 

Standard Analysis

Low-Level 

Analysis

Parameter Name Units

CAS

Number1 

Parameter

Code2 LRL

Lab 

Code

LRL

Lab

Code

LRL Test Code

Calcium, diss. (Ca) mg/L 7440-70-2 00915 0.022 659 -- -- 0.100 E200.7

Magnesium, diss. (Mg) mg/L 7439-95-4 00925 0.011 663 -- -- 0.100 E200.7

Sodium, diss. (Na) mg/L 7440-23-5 00930 0.06 675 -- -- 0.100 E200.7

Potassium, diss. (K) mg/L 7440-09-7 00935 0.03 2773 0.004 2774 0.100 E200.7

Sulfate, diss. (SO4) mg/L 14808-79-8 00945 0.02 1572 0.02 1263 4.70 EPA 375.2

Chloride, diss. (Cl) mg/L 16887-00-6 00940 0.02 1571 0.02 1259 1.00

SM4500-CLE

Fluoride, diss. (F) mg/L 16984-48-8 00950 0.01 651 0.01 1260 -- --

Iron, diss. (Fe) 7439-89-6 01046 4.0 645 -- -- 0.100 E200.7

Manganese, diss. (Mn) 7439-96-5 01056 0.2 648 0.40 1793 1.00 E200.7

Silica, diss. (SiO2) mg/L 7631-86-9 00955 0.06 3121 0.018 667 0.022

USGS I2700-85

Nitrogen, NO2+NO3, 

diss. mg/L -- 00631 0.04 3156 -- -- 0.019 EPA 353.2

Nitrogen, ammonia, 

diss. mg/L 7664-41-7 00608 0.02 1991 -- -- 0.015 EPA 350.1

Nitrogen, organic, total 

3 mg/L -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

Nitrogen, amm.+org., 

total 4 mg/L 17778-88-0 00625 0.07 1986 -- -- 0.14 EPA 351.2

Nitrogen, 

amm.+org.,diss. mg/L 17778-88-0 00623 0.07 1985 -- -- -- --

Phosphorus, total mg/L 7723-14-0 00665 0.004 1984 0.004 2333 0.005 EPA 365.1

Phosphorus, ortho, 

diss. mg/L 14265-44-2 00671 0.004 3118 -- -- 0.002 SM4500-PE

Chlorophyll a, 

phytoplankton μg/L 479-61-8 70953 0.1 3152 -- -- -- --

Chlorophyll a, 

phytoplankton μg/L 479-61-8 32210 -- -- -- -- 0.26 EPA 445

 

 

 Footnotes:

1: CAS (Chemical Abstracting Services) number = unique identification for each constituent 

2: Parameter Code - unique number for storage of data in database

3: Calculated as difference between total ammonia + organic nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen

4: Also known as Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN) 

 
13

 

EXPLANATION OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF LAKES

Following are brief, generalized explanations of some of the common measurements of 

water quality and some of the physical processes occurring in lakes that influence these 

measures of water quality. More detailed explanations of water-quality data and lake processes 

are given by Wetzel (1983), Hem (1985), and Shaw and others (1993).

Water Temperature and Thermal Stratification

Water temperature in lakes is important because of its role in stratification and because 

of the temperature dependence of many chemical reactions and life processes of aquatic 

organisms. The extent of thermal stratification in lakes depends on the interaction between the 

lake’s shape, water clarity, solar heating, and wind-driven mixing. Complete mixing of the lake is 

usually inhibited by thermal stratification in summer and by ice cover in winter. Thermal 

stratification affects water quality and the distribution of organisms in the lake. Summer thermal 

stratification can occur in any lake, but in Wisconsin it commonly occurs in lakes deeper than 

about 6 m (Shaw and others, 1993).

 

 

The density of water increases with decreasing temperature down to a temperature of 

4°C, then decreases with decreasing temperature between 4°C and the freezing point of water 

(0°C). For a brief period in the spring after the ice is out, water temperature is usually uniform 

through the entire water column and wind action causes the lake to mix completely. This 

process is known as “spring turnover.” As the lake absorbs the sun’s energy, the surface water 

becomes warmer and its density decreases, making it more resistant to complete mixing. The 

difference in density caused by different water temperatures can prevent warm and cold water 

from mixing. In most lakes, therefore, a density “barrier” forms between the warmer surface 

water (epilimnion) and the underlying colder water (hypolimnion). This barrier is often marked by 

a sharp temperature gradient known as the “thermocline (metalimnion).” During the stratified 

summer period, these three distinct layers of lake water are often present. As the temperature 

difference between surface and deep water increases, this “stratified” condition stabilizes and 

can persist until surface temperatures decrease in the fall, which decreases the stability of the 

stratification. The mixing of the lake water in the fall is known as “fall turnover.” 
14

Thermal stratification may also occur under ice cover in the winter. In the winter, the 

coldest water (near 0°C) under the ice at the surface of the lake is less dense than water deeper 

in the lake with warmer temperatures.

Specific Conductance

Specific conductance is a measure of the ability of water to conduct an electrical current 

and is an indicator of the concentration of dissolved solids in the water. Because conductance is 

temperature related, reported values are normalized at 25°C and are termed specific 

conductance. As the concentration of dissolved minerals increases, specific conductance 

increases. During winter and summer thermal stratification, concentrations of dissolved 

constituents near the lake bottom increase due to the decomposition of materials settling from 

the epilimnion, or release of dissolved materials (such as iron, manganese, and phosphorus) 

from the bottom sediments during anoxic periods. Therefore, differences in specific 

conductance with depth indicate differences in concentrations of dissolved solids.

Water Clarity

Water clarity, or transparency, is commonly measured using a Secchi disc. The range of 

depths within which photosynthetic activity occurs depends largely on depth of light penetration, 

which is influenced by water clarity. A Secchi disc, most commonly a 20-cm.-diameter disc with 

alternating black-and-white quadrants, is lowered to a depth at which it is no longer visible. This 

depth is referred to as the Secchi depth. Clarity can be reduced by algae, zooplankton, water 

color, and suspended sediment. Algae are often the most dominant influence on clarity in lakes 

and, therefore, Secchi depth is usually correlated with the algal abundance. Secchi depths are 

generally the least during summer when algal populations are largest.

pH

The pH is a measure of the acidity of the water. It is defined as the negative logarithm of 

hydrogen-ion concentration and varies over a 14-unit log scale, with a pH of 7 being neutral. 

Values less than 7 indicate acidic conditions; the lower the value, the stronger the acidity. 

Values greater than 7 indicate alkaline conditions. The pH of water is influenced in part by 

photosynthesis and respiration of planktonic algae and aquatic plants. It is important because it 
15

affects the solubility of many chemical constituents, and because aquatic organisms have 

limited pH tolerances. Planktonic algae and aquatic plants produce oxygen and consume 

carbon dioxide as they photosynthesize during daytime; they consume oxygen and produce 

carbon dioxide when they respire at night. Carbon dioxide combines with the water molecule to 

form carbonic acid; therefore respiration causes a decrease in pH at night and photosynthesis 

during the day causes an increase in pH. The result is a daily cycle in pH. Because 

phytoplankton are usually concentrated in the near-surface water, changes in pH in the 

epilimnion are more extreme than in the hypolimnion, where less photosynthesis usually occurs.

Lakes having good fish populations and productivity generally have a pH between 6.7 

and 8.2. Values of pH greater than 8.5 have been shown to cause the release of phosphorus 

from lake sediments (James and Barko, 1991). 

Dissolved Oxygen

Dissolved oxygen is one of the most critical factors affecting a lake ecosystem because 

it is essential to most aquatic organisms, and it is involved in many chemical reactions. Very 

low dissolved oxygen concentrations can control some types of chemical reactions. The 

solubility of oxygen in water is inversely related to temperature–that is, oxygen solubility 

decreases as water temperature increases. This relation is important because at warmer 

temperatures the metabolic rate of organisms increases but less oxygen is available for 

respiration. The primary sources of dissolved oxygen are from the air and from photosynthesis. 

The minimum dissolved oxygen concentration specified in national water-quality criteria for early 

life stages of warmwater aquatic life is 5.0 mg/L (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1986).

In early summer, if thermal stratification develops, the metalimnion restricts the surface 

supply of dissolved oxygen to the hypolimnion. The hypolimnion can become isolated from the 

atmosphere. Thus, as summer progresses, the dissolved oxygen concentration can decrease in 

response to decomposition of dead algae that settle from the epilimnion and in response to the 

biological and chemical oxygen demand of the sediments. The oxygen demand from these 

processes may completely deplete the oxygen (anoxia) in the water near the lake bottom. The 

oxygen depletion then progresses upward but usually is confined to the hypolimnion. 

Anoxia in the hypolimnion is common in stratified eutrophic (nutrient-rich) lakes in 

Wisconsin. Complete anoxia, however, is often not detected because of meter constraints. 
16

During anoxic conditions, many aquatic organisms cannot survive, but many other species 

(primarily bacteria) actually function only in such conditions. Therefore, a shift from oxic to 

anoxic conditions produces a rapid and dramatic change in the biological community and 

chemical environment. Anoxia also can cause release of phosphorus from the bottom 

sediments. This phosphorus then mixes throughout the water column during spring and fall 

turnover.

Phosphorus

Phosphorus is one of the essential nutrients for plant growth. High phosphorus 

concentrations can cause dense algal populations (blooms) and can therefore be a major cause 

of eutrophication in lakes. When phosphorus concentrations exceed 0.025 mg/L at the time of 

spring overturn in lakes and reservoirs, these water bodies may occasionally experience excess 

or nuisance growth of algae or other aquatic plants (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 

1986). In many regions of the country, including the upper Midwest, other nutrients, particularly 

nitrogen, tend to be in abundant supply. Phosphorus is often the nutrient in shortest supply, 

therefore limiting or controlling plant growth. About 90 percent of the lakes in Wisconsin are 

limited by phosphorus (Shaw and others, 1993). In water, dissolved orthophosphate is that part 

of total phosphorus that is most readily available for use by algae.

Internal phosphorus recycling occurs in many lakes. Phosphorus used by algae, aquatic 

plants, fish, and zooplankton is stored within these organisms. As these organisms die and 

decompose, this phosphorus is returned to the lake water and sediments. Anoxia in the 

hypolimnion makes phosphorus more soluble, adding further to the release of phosphorus from 

the falling particles and the lake sediments. During spring and fall turnover the phosphorus, 

which was released from the bottom sediments into the hypolimnion during anoxia, is mixed 

throughout the lake. The phosphorus is then available for algal growth. These phenomena are 

part of the internal-recycling processes of lakes.

Nitrogen

Nitrogen, like phosphorus, is an essential nutrient for plant and algal growth. Usually in 

Wisconsin lakes, nitrogen is in abundant supply from the atmosphere and other sources. If 

phosphorus is abundant relative to algal needs, nitrogen can become the limiting nutrient. In 

that case, algal blooms are more likely to be triggered by increases in nitrogen than by 
17

increases in phosphorus. Some bluegreen algal species can fix nitrogen from the atmosphere 

(Wetzel, 1983). Therefore, in situations where other types of algae are excluded because of a 

shortage of nitrogen, the nitrogen-fixing bluegreen algae have a competitive advantage and may 

be present in abundance.

Lakes with a nitrogen to phosphorus ratio larger than 15 to 1 near the surface may 

generally be considered phosphorus limited; a ratio from 10 to 1 to 15 to 1 indicates a transition 

situation; and a ratio smaller than 10 to 1 generally indicates nitrogen limitation. Total nitrogen is 

the sum of ammonia, organic nitrogen, and nitrate-plus-nitrite nitrogen. The near-surface 

concentration is commonly used to compute the total nitrogen to phosphorus ratio because 

most algal species grow near the lake surface.

Chlorophyll a

Chlorophyll a is a photosynthetic pigment found in algae (Wetzel, 1983) and other green 

plants. Its concentration, therefore, is commonly used as a measure of the density of the algal 

population in a lake. Chlorophyll a concentrations are generally highest during summer when 

algal populations are highest. Moderate populations of desirable algae are important in the food 

chain; however, excessive populations or algal blooms are undesirable. Algal blooms can cause 

taste and odor problems, and limit light penetration needed to support growth of submerged 

aquatic plants. Certain species of bluegreen algae can produce toxins (Rapavich and others, 

1987).

CLASSIFICATION OF LAKES

Two methods are commonly used to classify and evaluate Wisconsin lakes according to 

their water quality or trophic state: Lillie and Mason’s (1983) water-quality index and Carlson’s

(1977) trophic state index (TSI). In previous USGS data reports, a modification of Carlson’s 

trophic state index for Wisconsin lakes by Lillie and others (1993) had been used; however, this 

approach did not properly classify oligotrophic and highly euthrophic lakes and, therefore, was 

discontinued. 
18

Lillie and Mason’s (1983) water quality indices for Wisconsin lakes were developed 

based on summer measurements of total phosphorus and chlorophyll a concentrations, and 

Secchi depth from a random set of lakes in Wisconsin. These data were used to classify the 

lakes’s water quality as shown below:

Water-quality index Total phosphorus 

range (mg/L)

Chlorophyll a range 

(μg/L)

Water clarity range 

(Secchi depth, in 

meters)

“Excellent” <0.001 <1.0 >6.0

“Very good” .001-.009 1.0-4.9 3.0-6.0

“Good” .010-.029 5.0-9.9 2.0-2.9

“Fair” .030-.049 10.0-14.9 1.5-1.9

“Poor” .050-.149 15.0-30.0 1.0-1.4

“Very poor” >.150 >30.0 <1.0

Carlson’s (1977) TSI approach to lake classification assigns numerical ranges to the 

three trophic conditions generally used to describe the wide range of lake water-quality 

conditions. Oligotrophic lakes are typically clear, algal populations and phosphorus 

concentrations are low, and the deepest water is likely to contain oxygen throughout the year. 

Mesotrophic lakes typically have a moderate supply of nutrients, experience moderate algal 

blooms, and have occasional oxygen depletions at depth. Eutrophic lakes are nutrient rich with 

relatively severe water-quality problems, such as frequent seasonal algal blooms, oxygen 

depletion in lower parts of the lakes, and poor clarity. When eutrophic conditions are very 

severe, the lake is considered hypereutrophic. 

Carlson’s (1977) TSI values are also based on near-surface total phosphorus and 

chlorophyll a concentrations, and Secchi depths. The indices were developed to place these 

three characteristics on similar scales to allow comparison of different lakes. TSI values based 

on phosphorus concentrations (TSIP), Secchi depths (TSISD), and chlorophyll a concentrations 

(TSIC) typically are computed only for measurements collected during the open-water period.
19

TSI values for a lake can be calculated using the following equations (Carlson, 1977):

TSIP = 4.15 + 14.42 x (ln [total phosphorus concentration x 1,000])

TSISD = 60.0 – 14.41 x (ln Secchi depth)

TSIC = 30.6 + 9.81 x (ln chlorophyll a concentration)

where: total phosphorus is in milligrams per liter, 

Secchi depth is in meters, and

chlorophyll a is in micrograms per liter.

The three main trophic conditions (Carlson, 1977) are defined with the following 

boundaries for total phosphorus, Secchi disc, and chlorophyll a: 

Trophic level Trophic State 

Index

Total phosphorus 

(mg/L) Secchi depth (m) Chlorophyll a(μg/L)

Eutrophic

----------------------- ---------50---------- -------0.024-------- ---------2.0--------- ---------7.2---------

Mesotrophic

----------------------- ---------40---------- -------0.012-------- ---------4.0--------- ---------2.6---------

Oligotrophic
20

REFERENCES CITED

Carlson, R.E., 1977, A trophic state index for lakes: Limnology and Oceanography, March, v.

22, no. 2, p. 361-369.

Fishman, M.J., ed., 1993, Methods of analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water

Quality Laboratory–Determination of inorganic and organic constituents in water and

fluvial sediments: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-125, 217 p.

Fishman, M.J., and Friedman, L.C., eds., 1989, Methods for determination of inorganic

substances in water and fluvial sediments (3rd ed.): U.S. Geological Survey Techniques

of Water-Resources Investigations, book 5, chap. A1, 545 p.

Hem, J.D., 1985, Study and interpretation of the chemical characteristics of natural water (3rd

ed.): U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 2254, 263 p.

James, W.F., and Barko, J.W., 1991, Littoral-pelagic phosphorus dynamics during nighttime

convective circulation: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 36, no. 5, p. 946-960.

Lillie, R.A., Graham, S., and Rasmussen, P., 1993, Trophic-State Index equations and regional

predictive equations for Wisconsin lakes: Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources

Research Management Findings No. 35, 4 p.

Lillie, R.A., and Mason, J.W., 1983, Limnological characteristics of Wisconsin lakes: Wisconsin

Department of Natural Resources Technical Bulletin No. 138, 116 p.

Rantz, S.E., and others, 1982, Measurement and computation of streamflow: U.S. Geological

Survey Water-Supply Paper 2175, 631 p.

Rapavich, W.M., Sonzogni, W.C., Standridge, J.H., Vennie J.G., and Wedepohl, R.E., 1987,

Incidence of algal toxins in Wisconsin water experiencing blue-green algae blooms: 

Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene and Wisconsin Department of Natural

Resources, Informational Paper, 8 p.
21

Shaw, B., Mechenich, C., and Klessig, L., 1993, Understanding Lake Data: University of

Wisconsin Extension, G3582: Madison, Wis., 19 p.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1986, Quality Criteria for Water 1986: U.S.

Environmental Protection Agency publication, EPA 440/5-86-001 [variously paged].

Wershaw, R.L., Fishman, M.J., Grabbe, R.R., and Lowe, L.E., eds., 1987, Methods for the

determination of organic substances in water and fluvial sediments: U.S. Geological

Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations, book 5, chap. A3, 80 p.

Wetzel, R.G., 1983, Limnology (2nd ed.): New York, W.B. Saunders, 767 p.

Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, 1992, Wisconsin water quality assessment– 

Report to Congress, 1992: Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources Publ-WR254- 

92-REV, 220 p.

Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, Environmental Sciences Section, 1993, Manual of

analytical methods, inorganic chemistry unit: Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene,

revised November 1993 [variously paged].
22

LAKE DATA

Remarks codes and symbols used in the following tables:

[<, less than; >, greater than; --, not available; E, estimated]
23

05390500 ANVIL LAKE NEAR EAGLE RIVER, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 45°57'00.5", long 89°03'15.3", referenced to North American Datum of 1983, in NW 1⁄4 NE 1⁄4 sec.13, 

T.40 N., R.11 E., Vilas County, Hydrologic Unit 07070001.

DRAINAGE AREA.—4.11 mi2

. 

PERIOD OF RECORD.--June 2010 to current year. 

GAGE.--Water-stage recorder and rain gage. 

REMARKS.--Anvil Lake is a seepage lake. Gage height telemeter at station. Records are considered good. 

EXTREMES FOR PERIOD OF RECORD.--Maximum, 97.20 ft, many days during May and June 1943; Minimum, 89.27 

ft, Oct. 7 to 17, 2012. 

EXTREMES FOR CURRENT YEAR.--Maximum, 90.32 ft, May 30; Minimum, 89.27 ft, Oct. 7 to 17, 2012.

GAGE HEIGHT, FEET

WATER YEAR OCTOBER 2012 TO SEPTEMBER 2013

DAILY MEAN VALUES

Day Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep 

1 89.38 89.46 89.47 89.50 89.59 89.65 89.76 90.22 90.26 90.08 89.84 89.86 

2 89.37 89.45 89.47 89.50 89.59 89.65 89.76 90.23 90.24 90.06 89.83 89.84 

3 89.36 89.44 89.47 89.50 89.59 89.65 89.76 90.25 90.22 90.04 89.81 89.82 

4 89.36 89.44 89.47 89.49 89.59 89.65 89.75 90.26 90.20 90.03 89.79 89.80 

5 89.33 89.43 89.47 89.49 89.60 89.64 89.75 90.26 90.21 90.01 89.81 89.78 

6 89.31 89.43 89.47 89.49 89.60 89.64 89.76 90.26 90.22 89.99 89.83 89.77 

7 89.30 89.44 89.46 89.49 89.60 89.64 89.78 90.25 90.21 90.01 89.85 89.75 

8 89.29 89.44 89.46 89.49 89.60 89.63 89.80 90.25 90.21 90.06 89.83 89.74 

9 89.29 89.43 89.46 89.48 89.60 89.64 89.82 90.25 90.19 90.07 89.82 89.73 

10 89.30 89.44 89.47 89.48 89.61 89.66 89.81 90.27 90.19 90.10 89.81 89.73 

11 89.29 89.47 89.47 89.49 89.63 89.71 89.81 90.27 90.18 90.07 89.80 89.72 

12 89.28 89.51 89.46 89.50 89.63 89.72 89.83 90.26 90.17 90.06 89.78 89.70 

13 89.28 89.50 89.46 89.50 89.63 89.72 89.84 90.26 90.15 90.03 89.77 89.68 

14 89.28 89.49 89.46 89.50 89.64 89.72 89.85 90.25 90.14 90.01 89.75 89.66 

15 89.28 89.49 89.46 89.49 89.64 89.71 89.90 90.24 90.14 89.99 89.73 89.66 

16 89.28 89.48 89.47 89.49 89.64 89.72 89.90 90.23 90.15 89.98 89.72 89.64 

17 89.28 89.48 89.47 89.49 89.64 89.72 89.90 90.22 90.15 89.96 89.71 89.63 

18 89.36 89.48 89.47 89.49 89.63 89.72 89.92 90.21 90.14 89.96 89.70 89.61 

19 89.37 89.47 89.47 89.48 89.65 89.74 89.97 90.21 90.12 89.93 89.68 89.62 

20 89.37 89.47 89.49 89.49 89.65 89.73 89.97 90.21 90.12 89.90 89.67 89.66 

21 89.36 89.47 89.51 89.49 89.65 89.73 89.97 90.24 90.17 89.87 89.67 89.67 

22 89.36 89.47 89.51 89.49 89.65 89.73 89.99 90.28 90.17 89.85 89.69 89.65 

23 89.36 89.47 89.51 89.49 89.66 89.73 90.05 90.26 90.17 89.85 89.67 89.64 

24 89.36 89.47 89.51 89.48 89.66 89.72 90.05 90.25 90.16 89.83 89.65 89.62 

25 89.47 89.48 89.50 89.49 89.66 89.72 90.06 90.24 90.15 89.81 89.64 89.61 

26 89.52 89.47 89.50 89.49 89.66 89.72 90.07 90.22 90.14 89.88 89.68 89.61 

27 89.51 89.47 89.50 89.49 89.66 89.71 90.08 90.20 90.14 89.89 89.87 89.59 

28 89.50 89.47 89.50 89.52 89.66 89.71 90.09 90.19 90.14 89.89 89.89 89.59 

29 89.49 89.47 89.50 89.55 --- 89.71 90.13 90.19 90.13 89.87 89.89 89.59 

30 89.48 89.47 89.50 89.57 --- 89.74 90.15 90.23 90.10 89.86 89.89 89.58 

31 89.47 --- 89.50 89.59 --- 89.76 --- 90.24 --- 89.86 89.87 ---

Mean 89.36 89.47 89.48 89.50 89.63 89.70 89.91 90.24 90.17 89.96 89.77 89.69 

Max 89.52 89.51 89.51 89.59 89.66 89.76 90.15 90.28 90.26 90.10 89.89 89.86 

Min 89.28 89.43 89.46 89.48 89.59 89.63 89.75 90.19 90.10 89.81 89.64 89.58 
24

455638089034501 ANVIL LAKE, DEEP HOLE, NEAR EAGLE RIVER, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 45°56'38", long 89°03'45", in SW 1⁄4 sec.13, T.40 N., R.11 E., Vilas County, Hydrologic Unit 07070001, near Eagle River. 

SURFACE AREA.—0.62 mi2

. 

PERIOD OF RECORD.—May 2012 to September 2013. 

REMARKS.--Lake sampled at the deep hole at a depth of 8-9 m. Water-quality analyses by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene. A “*” indicates data that were 

collected by a Citizen Lake Monitoring Volunteer.

WATER-QUALITY DATA, OCTOBER 2, 2012 TO SEPTEMBER 23, 2013 

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated) 

 Specif- Chloro- Ortho- Ammonia

 ic pH, phyll a Phos- Phos- phos- Total + 

 Trans- conduc- water, trichro phorus, phorus, phate, nitro- Ammonia org-N,

 parency Sam- Temper- tance, unfltrd Dis- -matic water, water, water, gen, water, water,

 Secchi pling ature, wat unf field, solved method, unfltrd fltrd, fltrd, water, fltrd, fltrd,

 Date disc, depth, water, uS/cm @ std oxygen, uncorr, mg/L mg/L mg/L unfltrd mg/L mg/L 

 meters meters deg C 25 degC units mg/L ug/L as P as P as P mg/L as N as N 

 (00078) (00098) (00010) (00095) (00400) (00300) (32210) (00665) (00666) (00671) (00600) (00608) (00623)

 

OCT 2012 

 *02... 1.88 .50 -- -- -- -- 3.04 .022 -- -- -- -- -- 

 16... 2.90 .50 -- -- -- -- 10.7 .018 -- -- -- -- -- 

 16... -- 7.5 8.7 40 8.2 9.3 -- .018 -- -- -- -- -- 

JAN 2013 

 10... 2.50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 10... -- .50 1.5 43 7.8 14.2 22.2 .017 -- -- -- -- -- 

 10... -- 8.0 4.0 51 7.0 1.4 -- .017 -- -- -- -- -- 

MAR 

 26... 7.00 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 26... -- 1.0 1.6 45 7.6 11.9 5.24 .013 -- -- -- -- -- 

 26... -- 7.0 4.4 51 6.5 .5 -- .014 -- -- -- -- -- 

MAY 

 *14... 3.00 .50 -- -- -- -- -- .019 -- -- -- -- -- 

 24... 3.20 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 24... -- .50 13.6 39 7.6 10.6 2.41 .019 -- <.006 .53 <.048 -- 

 24... -- 8.0 8.1 37 6.8 3.4 -- .016 -- -- -- -- -- 

 *24... -- .50 -- -- -- -- -- .016 -- -- -- -- -- 

 *31... 4.60 .50 -- -- -- -- 4.27 .018 -- -- -- -- -- 

JUN 

 *12... -- -- -- -- -- -- 1.82 .020 -- -- -- -- -- 

 *12... 4.70 .50 -- -- -- -- 1.82 .020 -- -- -- -- -- 

 12... 4.08 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 12... -- .50 19.5 40 8.1 10.2 3.20 .017 -- -- -- -- -- 

 12... -- 8.0 10.0 42 7.2 3.8 -- .036 -- -- -- -- -- 

 *24... 3.70 .50 -- -- -- -- 3.46 .011 -- -- -- -- -- 
25

455638089034501 ANVIL LAKE, DEEP HOLE, NEAR EAGLE RIVER, WI

WATER-QUALITY DATA, OCTOBER 2, 2012 TO SEPTEMBER 23, 2013

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

 Specif- Chloro- Ortho- Ammonia

 ic pH, phyll a Phos- Phos- phos- Total + 

 Trans- conduc- water, trichro phorus, phorus, phate, nitro- Ammonia org-N,

 parency Sam- Temper- tance, unfltrd Dis- -matic water, water, water, gen, water, water,

 Secchi pling ature, wat unf field, solved method, unfltrd fltrd, fltrd, water, fltrd, fltrd,

 Date disc, depth, water, uS/cm @ std oxygen, uncorr, mg/L mg/L mg/L unfltrd mg/L mg/L 

 meters meters deg C 25 degC units mg/L ug/L as P as P as P mg/L as N as N 

 (00078) (00098) (00010) (00095) (00400) (00300) (32210) (00665) (00666) (00671) (00600) (00608) (00623)

JUL 

 11... 3.18 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 11... -- .50 24.0 42 8.6 8.7 4.78 .011 <.005 <.002 <.47 <.015 .44 

 11... -- 1.0 23.6 42 8.6 8.8 5.54 .009 <.005 <.002 <.42 <.015 .40 

 11... -- 2.0 23.5 42 8.7 8.8 4.84 .009 <.005 <.002 <.51 <.015 .49 

 11... -- 8.0 12.5 50 6.9 .4 -- .019 -- -- -- <.015 -- 

 *11... 3.40 .50 -- -- -- -- 5.07 .009 -- -- -- -- -- 

 *22... 3.00 .50 -- -- -- -- 6.11 .008 -- -- -- -- -- 

 22... 2.15 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 22... -- .50 24.5 41 9.0 8.8 8.23 .009 -- -- -- -- -- 

 22... -- 8.0 12.8 51 7.2 .3 -- .025 -- -- -- -- -- 

 *22... -- -- -- -- -- -- 7.60 .008 -- -- -- -- -- 

AUG 

 *04... 2.40 .50 -- -- -- -- 7.52 .016 -- -- -- -- -- 

 14... 2.10 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 14... -- .50 20.0 43 8.5 9.1 7.95 .015 .007 <.002 <.54 <.015 -- 

 14... -- 6.0 19.5 42 8.4 8.8 -- .025 -- -- -- -- -- 

 14... -- 7.0 16.9 49 7.3 .7 -- .017 -- -- -- -- -- 

 14... -- 8.0 14.5 63 6.9 .2 -- .038 -- -- -- -- -- 

 *18... -- .50 -- -- -- -- 5.79 .018 -- -- -- -- -- 

 *19... 2.50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 *25... 2.80 .50 -- -- -- -- 4.59 .019 -- -- -- -- -- 

SEP 

 *11... 3.30 .50 -- -- -- -- 5.44 .019 -- -- -- -- -- 

 18... 2.25 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 18... -- .50 18.3 42 7.0 8.3 8.95 .019 -- -- -- -- -- 

 18... -- 8.0 17.9 44 6.9 6.4 -- .019 -- -- -- -- -- 

 *23... 2.50 .50 -- -- -- -- 8.79 .019 -- -- -- -- -- 
26

455638089034501 ANVIL LAKE, DEEP HOLE, NEAR EAGLE RIVER, WI

WATER-QUALITY DATA, OCTOBER 2, 2012 TO SEPTEMBER 23, 2013

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

 Ammonia Nitrate Turbdty Appar- ANC, 

 + + white ent wat unf 

 org-N, nitrite light, color, Hard- Magnes- Potas- fixed Chlor- Silica,

 water, water, det ang water, ness, Calcium ium, Sodium, sium, end pt, ide, Sulfate water,

 unfltrd fltrd, 90+/-30 unfltrd water, water, water, water, water, lab, water, water, fltrd,

 Date mg/L mg/L degrees Pt-Co mg/L as fltrd, fltrd, fltrd, fltrd, mg/L as fltrd, fltrd, mg/L as

 as N as N NTU units CaCO3 mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L CaCO3 mg/L mg/L SiO2 

 (00625) (00631) (63675) (00081) (00900) (00915) (00925) (00930) (00935) (00417) (00940) (00945) (00955)

 

MAY 

 24... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 24... .43 .101 1.9 5 16.8 3.87 1.73 1.36 .34 17 1.1 <15.0 .634 

 24... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 24... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

JUL 

 11... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 11... .45 <.019 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 11... .40 <.019 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 11... .49 <.019 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 11... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 11... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

AUG 

 14... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 14... .52 <.019 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 14... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 14... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 14... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

SEP 

 18... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 18... -- -- -- -- 17.1 3.98 1.75 -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 18... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 
27

455638089034501 ANVIL LAKE, DEEP HOLE, NEAR EAGLE RIVER, WI

WATER-QUALITY DATA, OCTOBER 2, 2012 TO SEPTEMBER 23, 2013

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

 Dis- 

 solved

 Manga- solids

 Iron, nese, dried @

 water, water, 180degC

 Date fltrd, fltrd, wat flt

 ug/L ug/L mg/L 

 (01046) (01056) (70300)

 

OCT 2012 

 02... -- -- -- 

 16... -- -- -- 

 16... -- -- -- 

JAN 2013 

 10... -- -- -- 

 10... -- -- -- 

 10... -- -- -- 

MAR 

 26... -- -- -- 

 26... -- -- -- 

 26... -- -- -- 

MAY 

 14... -- -- -- 

 24... -- -- -- 

 24... <.3 <1.0 <50 

 24... -- -- -- 

 24... -- -- -- 

 31... -- -- -- 
28

455638089034501 ANVIL LAKE, DEEP HOLE, NEAR EAGLE RIVER, WI

LAKE-DEPTH PROFILES, OCTOBER 16, 2012 TO JUNE 12, 2013

0 10 20 30

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

0 10 20

0 10 20 30

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

0 10 20

0 10 20 30

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

0 10 20

SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELSIUS

10-16-12 01-10-13

0 10 20 30

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

0 10 20

03-26-13

DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

0 10 20 30

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

0 10 20

05-24-13 06-12-13

30 40 50 60

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

6 7 8 9 10

30 40 50 60

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

6 7 8 9 10

WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELSIUS

30 40 50 60

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

6 7 8 9 10

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS

30 40 50 60

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

6 7 8 9 10

30 40 50 60

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

6 7 8 9 10

W.T.

D.O.

S.C.

pH

DEPTH, IN METERS DEPTH, IN METERS
29

455638089034501 ANVIL LAKE, DEEP HOLE, NEAR EAGLE RIVER, WI

LAKE-DEPTH PROFILES, JULY 11 TO SEPTEMBER 18, 2013

0 10 20 30

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

0 10 20

SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELSIUS

07-11-13 07-22-13

30 40 50 60

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

6 7 8 9 10

0 10 20 30

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

0 10 20

DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

0 10 20 30

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

0 10 20

0 10 20 30

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

0 10 20

08-14-13 09-18-13

30 40 50 60

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

6 7 8 9 10

30 40 50 60

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

6 7 8 9 10

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS

30 40 50 60

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

6 7 8 9 10

WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELSIUS

W.T.

D.O.

S.C.

pH

DEPTH, IN METERS DEPTH, IN METERS
30

 2012 2013 9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

 2012 2013 20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

Total Phosphorus

Chlorophyll a

Secchi depth

Eutrophic

 2012 2013 0

10

20

30

USGS

Observer

 2012 2013 0.000

0.005

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

CHLOROPHYLL a CONCENTRATION, IN MICROGRAMS PER LITER SECCHI DEPTH, IN METERS TROPHIC STATE INDEX

Surface total phosphorus, chlorophyll a concentrations, Secchi depths,

and TSI data for Anvil Lake, Deep Hole, near Eagle River, Wisconsin.

Mesotrophic

TOTAL PHOSPHORUS CONCENTRATION, IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

Oligotrophic
31

424840088241600 LAKE BEULAH AT DEEP HOLE NEAR EAST TROY, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 42°48'40", long 88°24'16", in SW 1⁄4 NW 1⁄4 NW 1⁄4 sec.17, T.4 N., R.18 E., Walworth County, Hydrologic Unit 07120006, near East Troy. 

SURFACE AREA.--1.30 mi2

. 

PERIOD OF RECORD.--August 2007 to August 2013. 

REMARKS.--Lake sampled at the deep hole at a depth of 19 m. Water-quality analyses by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene.

WATER-QUALITY DATA, MAY 8 TO AUGUST 14, 2013

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

 

 Specif- Chloro- Ortho- Ammonia Nitrate

 ic pH, phyll a Phos- phos- Total + + 

 Trans- conduc- water, trichro phorus, phate, nitro- Ammonia org-N, nitrite

 parency Sam- Temper- tance, unfltrd Dis- -matic water, water, gen, water, water, water,

 Secchi pling ature, wat unf field, solved method, unfltrd fltrd, water, fltrd, unfltrd fltrd,

 Date disc, depth, water, uS/cm @ std oxygen, uncorr, mg/L mg/L unfltrd mg/L mg/L mg/L 

 meters meters deg C 25 degC units mg/L ug/L as P as P mg/L as N as N as N 

 (00078) (00098) (00010) (00095) (00400) (00300) (32210) (00665) (00671) (00600) (00608) (00625) (00631)

 

MAY 2013 

 08... 3.25 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 08... -- .50 17.1 537 8.4 13.2 12.4 .015 <.002 1.9 <.015 1.4 .593 

AUG 

 14... 2.55 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 14... -- 2.0 23.3 499 8.4 9.3 4.81 .017 <.002 <.64 <.015 .62 <.019 

 14... -- 4.0 22.8 513 8.3 7.7 -- .018 <.002 <.76 <.015 .74 <.019 

 14... -- 10.0 7.9 549 7.8 4.0 -- .012 <.002 1.1 .071 .37 .754 

 14... -- 17.0 6.1 556 7.7 .4 -- .008 <.002 1.3 .054 .51 .807 

 14... -- 18.0 5.9 570 7.6 .2 -- .022 <.002 1.1 .790 1.0 .136 
32

424840088241600 LAKE BEULAH AT DEEP HOLE NEAR EAST TROY, WI

WATER-QUALITY DATA, MAY 8 TO AUGUST 14, 2013

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

 Turbdty Appar- ANC, 

 white ent wat unf 

 light, color, Hard- Magnes- Potas- fixed Chlor- Silica, Manga- 

 det ang water, ness, Calcium ium, Sodium, sium, end pt, ide, Sulfate water, Iron, nese, 

 90+/-30 unfltrd water, water, water, water, water, lab, water, water, fltrd, water, water,

 Date degrees Pt-Co mg/L as fltrd, fltrd, fltrd, fltrd, mg/L as fltrd, fltrd, mg/L as fltrd, fltrd,

 NTU units CaCO3 mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L CaCO3 mg/L mg/L SiO2 ug/L ug/L 

 (63675) (00081) (00900) (00915) (00925) (00930) (00935) (00417) (00940) (00945) (00955) (01046) (01056)

 

MAY 2013 

 08... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 08... 1.9 15 271 53.8 33.2 11.1 1.92 233 24 28.6 8.93 <.100 <1.00 

AUG 

 14... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 14... 2.5 20 -- 46 34 11 1.5 221 23 25.3 8.87 <.100 <1.00

 14... 2.2 20 253 45.3 33.9 10.9 1.51 231 22 25.6 9.14 <.100 <1.00

 14... .9 20 -- 56 36 11 1.8 243 24 29.3 12.1 <.100 <1.00

 14... 1.2 15 277 54.3 34.3 11.1 1.85 246 24 28.7 14.5 <.100 40 

 14... 3.5 20 -- 57 36 11 1.9 251 24 25.8 18.3 <.100 760

 Dis- 

 solved

 solids

 dried @

 180degC

 Date wat flt

 mg/L 

 (70300)

 

MAY 2013 

 08... -- 

 08... 290 

AUG 

 14... -- 

 14... 318 

 14... 326 

 14... 352 

 14... 364 

 14... 370 
33

424840088241600 LAKE BEULAH AT DEEP HOLE NEAR EAST TROY, WI

LAKE-DEPTH PROFILES, MAY 8 TO AUGUST 14, 2013

0 10 20 30

20

16

12

8

4

0

0 10 20

05-08-13

DEPTH, IN METERS

400 500 600

20

16

12

8

4

0

6 7 8 9 10

DEPTH, IN METERS

400 500 600

20

16

12

8

4

0

6 7 8 9 10

0 10 20 30

20

16

12

8

4

0

0 10 20

08-14-13

W.T.

D.O.

S.C.

pH

SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELSIUS

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS

WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELSIUS

DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER
34

 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 20

30

40

50

60

70

Total Phosphorus

Chlorophyll a

Secchi depth

Eutrophic

 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 0.000

0.005

0.010

0.015

0.020

CHLOROPHYLL a CONCENTRATION, IN MICROGRAMS PER LITER SECCHI DEPTH, IN METERS TROPHIC STATE INDEX

August surface total phosphorus, chlorophyll a concentrations, Secchi depths,

and TSI data for Lake Beulah, Deep Hole, near East Troy, Wisconsin.

Mesotrophic

TOTAL PHOSPHORUS CONCENTRATION, IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

Oligotrophic
35

424929088231300 LAKE BEULAH STATION 2 NEAR EAST TROY, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 42°49'29", long 88°23'13", in SE 1⁄4 NE 1⁄4 NE 1⁄4 sec.8, T.4 N., R.18 E., Walworth County, Hydrologic Unit 07120006, near East Troy.

SURFACE AREA.--1.30 mi2

. 

PERIOD OF RECORD.--August 2007 to August 2013. 

REMARKS.--Lake sampled at a depth of 15 m. Water-quality analyses by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene.

WATER-QUALITY DATA, MAY 8 TO AUGUST 14, 2013

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

 Specif- Chloro- Ortho- Ammonia Nitrate

 ic pH, phyll a Phos- phos- Total + + 

 Trans- conduc- water, trichro phorus, phate, nitro- Ammonia org-N, nitrite

 parency Sam- Temper- tance, unfltrd Dis- -matic water, water, gen, water, water, water,

 Secchi pling ature, wat unf field, solved method, unfltrd fltrd, water, fltrd, unfltrd fltrd,

 Date disc, depth, water, uS/cm @ std oxygen, uncorr, mg/L mg/L unfltrd mg/L mg/L mg/L 

 meters meters deg C 25 degC units mg/L ug/L as P as P mg/L as N as N as N 

 (00078) (00098) (00010) (00095) (00400) (00300) (32210) (00665) (00671) (00600) (00608) (00625) (00631)

 

MAY 2013 

 08... 4.95 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 08... -- .50 18.3 484 8.5 11.6 4.65 .017 <.002 1.4 <.015 1.3 .120 

AUG 

 14... 2.55 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 14... -- 2.0 23.7 460 8.7 9.6 3.64 .017 <.002 <.73 <.015 .71 <.019 

 14... -- 5.0 23.0 462 8.6 8.7 -- .013 -- -- -- -- -- 

 14... -- 10.0 8.4 488 8.0 6.3 -- .012 -- -- -- -- -- 

 14... -- 14.0 6.7 497 7.7 .2 -- .031 -- -- -- -- -- 

 14... -- 15.0 6.5 501 7.7 .2 -- .041 <.002 <1.5 .699 1.5 <.019 
36

424929088231300 LAKE BEULAH STATION 2 NEAR EAST TROY, WI

WATER-QUALITY DATA, MAY 8 TO AUGUST 14, 2013

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

 Turbdty Appar- ANC, 

 white ent wat unf 

 light, color, Hard- Magnes- Potas- fixed Chlor- Silica, Manga- 

 det ang water, ness, Calcium ium, Sodium, sium, end pt, ide, Sulfate water, Iron, nese, 

 90+/-30 unfltrd water, water, water, water, water, lab, water, water, fltrd, water, water,

 Date degrees Pt-Co mg/L as fltrd, fltrd, fltrd, fltrd, mg/L as fltrd, fltrd, mg/L as fltrd, fltrd,

 NTU units CaCO3 mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L CaCO3 mg/L mg/L SiO2 ug/L ug/L 

 (63675) (00081) (00900) (00915) (00925) (00930) (00935) (00417) (00940) (00945) (00955) (01046) (01056)

 

MAY 2013 

 08... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 08... 2.1 15 245 41.8 34.1 12.9 2.10 200 26 27.1 7.57 <.100 <1.00 

AUG 

 14... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 14... 1.9 20 223 34.2 33.5 12.9 1.76 191 27 25.0 9.58 <.100 <1.00

 14... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 14... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 14... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 14... 7.7 30 241 41.3 33.6 12.1 1.96 217 26 24.1 14.8 <.100 300 

 Dis- 

 solved

 solids

 dried @

 180degC

 Date wat flt

 mg/L 

 (70300)

 

MAY 2013 

 08... -- 

 08... 266 

AUG 

 14... -- 

 14... 286 

 14... -- 

 14... -- 

 14... -- 

 14... 322 
37

424929088231300 LAKE BEULAH STATION 2 NEAR EAST TROY, WI

LAKE-DEPTH PROFILES, MAY 8 TO AUGUST 14, 2013

0 10 20 30

16

12

8

4

0

0 10 20

05-08-13

DEPTH, IN METERS

400 500 600

16

12

8

4

0

6 7 8 9 10

DEPTH, IN METERS

400 500 600

16

12

8

4

0

6 7 8 9 10

0 10 20 30

16

12

8

4

0

0 10 20

08-14-13

W.T.

D.O.

S.C.

pH

SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELSIUS

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS

WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELSIUS

DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER
38

 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 20

30

40

50

60

70

Total Phosphorus

Chlorophyll a

Secchi depth

Eutrophic

 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 0.000

0.005

0.010

0.015

0.020

CHLOROPHYLL a CONCENTRATION, IN MICROGRAMS PER LITER SECCHI DEPTH, IN METERS TROPHIC STATE INDEX

August surface total phosphorus, chlorophyll a concentrations, Secchi depths,

and TSI data for Lake Beulah, Station 2, near East Troy, Wisconsin.

Mesotrophic

TOTAL PHOSPHORUS CONCENTRATION, IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

Oligotrophic
39

05544099 LAKE BEULAH INLET NEAR EAST TROY, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 42°48'39", long 88°24'56", in SE 1⁄4 NE 1⁄4 NW 1⁄4 sec.18, T.4 N., R.18 E., Walworth County, Hydrologic Unit 07120006, near East Troy.

PERIOD OF RECORD.--August 2008 to August 2013. 

REMARKS.--Lake sampled at a depth of 15 m. Water-quality analyses by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene.

WATER-QUALITY DATA, MAY 8 TO AUGUST 14, 2013

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

 Specif- Chloro- Ortho- Ammonia Nitrate

 ic pH, phyll a Phos- phos- Total + + 

 Trans- conduc- water, trichro phorus, phate, nitro- Ammonia org-N, nitrite

 parency Sam- Temper- tance, unfltrd Dis- -matic water, water, gen, water, water, water,

 Secchi pling ature, wat unf field, solved method, unfltrd fltrd, water, fltrd, unfltrd fltrd,

 Date disc, depth, water, uS/cm @ std oxygen, uncorr, mg/L mg/L unfltrd mg/L mg/L mg/L 

 meters meters deg C 25 degC units mg/L ug/L as P as P mg/L as N as N as N 

 (00078) (00098) (00010) (00095) (00400) (00300) (32210) (00665) (00671) (00600) (00608) (00625) (00631)

 

MAY 2013 

 08... 1.00 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 08... -- .50 18.6 592 7.8 8.2 4.45 .020 <.002 2.1 .054 1.3 .769 

AUG 

 14... 1.00 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 14... -- .50 19.9 600 7.7 4.6 1.56 .020 .005 .69 .036 .53 .159 

 Turbdty Appar- ANC, 

 white ent wat unf 

 light, color, Hard- Magnes- Potas- fixed Chlor- Silica, Manga- 

 det ang water, ness, Calcium ium, Sodium, sium, end pt, ide, Sulfate water, Iron, nese, 

 90+/-30 unfltrd water, water, water, water, water, lab, water, water, fltrd, water, water,

 Date degrees Pt-Co mg/L as fltrd, fltrd, fltrd, fltrd, mg/L as fltrd, fltrd, mg/L as fltrd, fltrd,

 NTU units CaCO3 mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L CaCO3 mg/L mg/L SiO2 ug/L ug/L 

 (63675) (00081) (00900) (00915) (00925) (00930) (00935) (00417) (00940) (00945) (00955) (01046) (01056)

 

MAY 2013 

 08... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 08... 2.2 20 313 68.8 34.4 9.72 2.33 268 20 26.9 7.91 <.100 70 

AUG 

 14... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 14... 1.8 30 305 63.4 35.6 9.48 1.38 283 22 24.2 16.6 <.100 30 
40

05544099 LAKE BEULAH INLET NEAR EAST TROY, WI

WATER-QUALITY DATA, MAY 8 TO AUGUST 14, 2013

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

 Dis- 

 solved

 solids

 dried @

 180degC

 Date wat flt

 mg/L 

 (70300)

 

MAY 2013 

 08... -- 

 08... 316 

AUG 

 14... -- 

 14... 384 
41

432409088151600 BIG CEDAR LAKE, NORTH SITE, NEAR WEST BEND, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 43°24'09", long 88°15'16", in NE 1⁄4 SW 1⁄4 sec. 20, T.11 N., R.19 E., Washington County, Hydrologic Unit 04040003, near West Bend.

SURFACE AREA.--1.46 mi2

. 

PERIOD OF RECORD.--February 2000 to current year.

REMARKS.--Lake sampled on north side at a depth of 12 m. Water-quality analyses by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene.

WATER-QUALITY DATA, FEBRUARY 14 TO AUGUST 28, 2013

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated) 

 

 Specif- Chloro- Ammonia

 ic pH, phyll a Phos- + 

 Trans- conduc- water, trichro phorus, org-N,

 parency Sam- Temper- tance, unfltrd Dis- -matic water, water,

 Secchi pling ature, wat unf field, solved method, unfltrd unfltrd

 Date disc, depth, water, uS/cm @ std oxygen, uncorr, mg/L mg/L 

 meters meters deg C 25 degC units mg/L ug/L as P as N 

 (00078) (00098) (00010) (00095) (00400) (00300) (32210) (00665) (00625)

 

FEB 2013 

 14... 4.10 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 14... -- .50 3.2 597 8.1 15.0 -- .011 -- 

 14... -- 11.5 4.0 759 7.5 4.9 -- .026 -- 

MAY 

 09... 8.50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 09... -- .50 18.0 562 8.2 10.1 2.22 .016 .48 

JUN 

 28... 2.80 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 28... -- .50 24.8 539 8.7 9.5 6.16 .013 -- 

 28... -- 12.0 11.9 575 7.8 .6 -- .047 -- 

JUL 

 31... 2.30 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 31... -- .50 22.4 531 8.7 9.8 10.2 .013 -- 

 31... -- 10.5 12.7 581 7.7 .3 -- .031 -- 

AUG 

 28... 3.45 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 28... -- .50 25.9 541 8.7 8.7 3.03 .016 -- 

 28... -- 10.5 13.4 594 7.6 .3 -- .049 -- 

 
42

432409088151600 BIG CEDAR LAKE, NORTH SITE, NEAR WEST BEND, WI

LAKE-DEPTH PROFILES, FEBRUARY 14 TO AUGUST 28, 2013

0 10 20 30

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

0 10 20

0 10 20 30

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

0 10 20

SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELSIUS

02-14-13 05-09-13

0 10 20 30

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

0 10 20

06-28-13

DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

0 10 20 30

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

0 10 20

0 10 20 30

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

0 10 20

07-31-13 08-28-13

500 600 700 800 900

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

6 7 8 9 10

500 600 700 800 900

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

6 7 8 9 10

WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELSIUS

500 600 700 800 900

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

6 7 8 9 10

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS

500 600 700 800 900

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

6 7 8 9 10

500 600 700 800 900

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

6 7 8 9 10

W.T.

D.O.

S.C.

pH

DEPTH, IN METERS DEPTH, IN METERS

 
43

 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 20

30

40

50

60

70

Total Phosphorus

Chlorophyll a

Secchi depth

Eutrophic

 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 12

10

8

6

4

2

0

 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 0

5

10

15

20

25

 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 0.00

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

0.07

CHLOROPHYLL a CONCENTRATION, IN MICROGRAMS PER LITER SECCHI DEPTH, IN METERS TROPHIC STATE INDEX

 Surface total phosphorus, chlorophyll a concentrations, Secchi depths,

and TSI data for Big Cedar Lake, North Site, near West Bend, Wisconsin.

Mesotrophic

TOTAL PHOSPHORUS CONCENTRATION, IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

Oligotrophic
44

432224088154900 BIG CEDAR LAKE, SOUTH SITE, NEAR WEST BEND, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 43°22'24", long 88°15'49", in NE 1⁄4 SE 1⁄4 sec.31, T.11 N., R.19 E., Washington County, Hydrologic Unit 04040003, near West Bend.

SURFACE AREA.--1.46 mi2

. 

PERIOD OF RECORD.--February 2000 to current year.

REMARKS.--Lake sampled on south side at deep hole. Water-quality analyses by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene.

WATER-QUALITY DATA, FEBRUARY 14 TO AUGUST 28, 2013

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

 Specif- Chloro- Ortho- Ammonia Ammonia

 ic pH, phyll a Phos- phos- Total + + 

 Trans- conduc- water, trichro phorus, phate, nitro- Ammonia org-N, org-N,

 parency Sam- Temper- tance, unfltrd Dis- -matic water, water, gen, water, water, water,

 Secchi pling ature, wat unf field, solved method, unfltrd fltrd, water, fltrd, fltrd, unfltrd

 Date disc, depth, water, uS/cm @ std oxygen, uncorr, mg/L mg/L unfltrd mg/L mg/L mg/L 

 meters meters deg C 25 degC units mg/L ug/L as P as P mg/L as N as N as N 

 (00078) (00098) (00010) (00095) (00400) (00300) (32210) (00665) (00671) (00600) (00608) (00623) (00625)

 

FEB 2013 

 14... 4.20 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 14... -- .50 1.7 555 7.7 13.7 -- .011 -- -- -- -- -- 

 14... -- 21.0 3.4 595 7.6 3.1 -- .080 -- -- -- -- -- 

MAY 

 09... 9.05 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 09... -- .50 15.9 555 8.4 11.3 2.92 .016 <.006 .58 <.048 -- .33 

JUN 

 28... 3.30 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 28... -- .50 24.2 537 8.8 9.9 5.88 .011 -- -- -- -- -- 

 28... -- 30.5 5.4 573 7.6 .2 -- .106 -- -- -- -- -- 

JUL 

 31... 5.30 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 31... -- .50 22.3 525 8.7 9.4 5.96 .009 <.002 <.62 <.015 .47 .60 

 31... -- 30.0 5.5 579 7.5 .3 -- .026 -- -- -- -- -- 

AUG 

 28... 3.95 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 28... -- .50 28.9 533 8.6 8.8 4.36 .014 -- -- -- -- -- 

 28... -- 30.0 5.5 602 7.4 .3 -- .102 -- -- -- -- -- 
45

432224088154900 BIG CEDAR LAKE, SOUTH SITE, NEAR WEST BEND, WI

WATER-QUALITY DATA, FEBRUARY 14 TO AUGUST 28, 2013

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

 Nitrate Turbdty Appar- ANC, 

 + white ent wat unf 

 nitrite light, color, Hard- Magnes- Potas- fixed Chlor- Silica, 

 water, det ang water, ness, Calcium ium, Sodium, sium, end pt, ide, Sulfate water, Iron, 

 fltrd, 90+/-30 unfltrd water, water, water, water, water, lab, water, water, fltrd, water,

 Date mg/L degrees Pt-Co mg/L as fltrd, fltrd, fltrd, fltrd, mg/L as fltrd, fltrd, mg/L as fltrd,

 as N NTU units CaCO3 mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L CaCO3 mg/L mg/L SiO2 ug/L 

 (00631) (63675) (00081) (00900) (00915) (00925) (00930) (00935) (00417) (00940) (00945) (00955) (01046)

 

FEB 2013 

 14... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 14... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 14... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

MAY 

 09... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 09... .246 .5 10 240 37.4 35.6 25.8 1.76 198 53.6 20.3 3.30 <.3 

JUN 

 28... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 28... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 28... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

JUL 

 31... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 31... <.019 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 31... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

AUG 

 28... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 28... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 28... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 Dis- 

 solved

 Manga- solids

 nese, dried @

 water, 180degC

 Date fltrd, wat flt

 ug/L mg/L 

 (01056) (70300)

 

FEB 2013 

 14... -- -- 

 14... -- -- 

 14... -- -- 

MAY 

 09... -- -- 

 09... <3 294 
46

432224088154900 BIG CEDAR LAKE, SOUTH SITE, NEAR WEST BEND, WI

LAKE-DEPTH PROFILES, FEBRUARY 14 TO AUGUST 28, 2013

0 10 20 30

32

28

24

20

16

12

8

4

0

0 10 20

0 10 20 30

32

28

24

20

16

12

8

4

0

0 10 20

SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELSIUS

02-14-13 05-09-13

0 10 20 30

32

28

24

20

16

12

8

4

0

0 10 20

06-28-13

DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

0 10 20 30

32

28

24

20

16

12

8

4

0

0 10 20

0 10 20 30

32

28

24

20

16

12

8

4

0

0 10 20

07-31-13 08-28-13

400 500 600 700

32

28

24

20

16

12

8

4

0

6 7 8 9 10

400 500 600 700

32

28

24

20

16

12

8

4

0

6 7 8 9 10

WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELSIUS

400 500 600 700

32

28

24

20

16

12

8

4

0

6 7 8 9 10

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS

400 500 600 700

32

28

24

20

16

12

8

4

0

6 7 8 9 10

400 500 600 700

32

28

24

20

16

12

8

4

0

6 7 8 9 10

W.T.

D.O.

pH S.C.

DEPTH, IN METERS DEPTH, IN METERS
47

 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 20

30

40

50

60

70

Total Phosphorus

Chlorophyll a

Secchi depth

Eutrophic

 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 12

10

8

6

4

2

0

 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 0

5

10

15

20

25

 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 0.00

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

0.07

CHLOROPHYLL a CONCENTRATION, IN MICROGRAMS PER LITER SECCHI DEPTH, IN METERS TROPHIC STATE INDEX

Surface total phosphorus, chlorophyll a concentrations, Secchi depths, 

and TSI data for Big Cedar Lake, South Site, near West Bend, Wisconsin.

Mesotrophic

TOTAL PHOSPHORUS CONCENTRATION, IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

Oligotrophic
48

423556088365001 DELAVAN LAKE AT CENTER NEAR DELAVAN LAKE, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 42°35'56", long 88°36'50", in SE 1⁄4 SW 1⁄4 sec.28, T.2 N., R.16 E., Walworth County, Hydrologic Unit 07090001, 2.6 mi southeast of Delavan.

SURFACE AREA.--3.24 mi2

. 

DRAINAGE AREA.--41.4 mi2

, of which 2.3 mi2 is non-contributing.

PERIOD OF RECORD.--October 1983 to September 2009, October 2011 to September 2013. 

REMARKS.-- Water-quality analyses by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene.

WATER-QUALITY DATA, NOVEMBER 20, 2012 TO JUNE 18, 2013

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

 Specif- Chloro- Ortho- Ammonia

 ic pH, phyll a Phos- phos- Total + 

 Trans- conduc- water, trichro phorus, phate, nitro- Ammonia org-N,

 parency Sam- Temper- tance, unfltrd Dis- -matic water, water, gen, water, water,

 Secchi pling ature, wat unf field, solved method, unfltrd fltrd, water, fltrd, fltrd,

 Date disc, depth, water, uS/cm @ std oxygen, uncorr, mg/L mg/L unfltrd mg/L mg/L 

 meters meters deg C 25 degC units mg/L ug/L as P as P mg/L as N as N 

 (00078) (00098) (00010) (00095) (00400) (00300) (32210) (00665) (00671) (00600) (00608) (00623)

 

NOV 2012 

 20... 7.25 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 20... -- .50 8.1 569 8.1 10.4 5.91 .034 .018 .73 .060 .54 

 20... -- 16.0 7.8 570 8.2 10.2 -- .032 -- -- -- -- 

FEB 2013 

 13... 13.1 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 13... -- .50 1.1 568 7.3 14.2 .860 .028 .018 .66 .097 -- 

 13... -- 15.0 2.8 682 -- 9.4 -- .104 .087 -- -- -- 

APR 

 30... 2.40 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 30... -- .50 8.6 560 8.5 12.6 8.26 .023 .005 .91 .016 -- 

 30... -- 16.5 7.2 562 8.4 12.0 -- .026 -- -- -- -- 

MAY 

 29... 7.45 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 29... -- .50 16.4 563 8.5 9.3 2.27 .022 .003 .98 .047 .36 

 29... -- 8.0 16.0 564 8.5 9.1 -- .017 -- -- -- -- 

 29... -- 9.0 15.0 568 8.3 8.4 -- .021 -- -- -- -- 

 29... -- 10.0 12.5 572 8.1 7.0 -- .038 .019 -- -- -- 

 29... -- 16.0 10.5 576 7.7 3.1 -- .114 .096 -- -- -- 

JUN 

 18... 2.60 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 18... -- .50 22.4 555 8.9 11.4 35.6 .026 .010 .98 .017 .25 

 18... -- 6.0 22.0 556 8.9 11.1 -- .028 .002 -- -- -- 

 18... -- 12.0 12.4 574 7.7 2.0 -- .091 .074 -- -- -- 

 18... -- 16.0 11.3 578 7.6 .2 -- .203 .171 -- -- -- 

 
49

423556088365001 DELAVAN LAKE AT CENTER NEAR DELAVAN LAKE, WI

WATER-QUALITY DATA, JULY 30 TO SEPTEMBER 30, 2013

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

 Specif- Chloro- Ortho- Ammonia

 ic pH, phyll a Phos- phos- Total + 

 Trans- conduc- water, trichro phorus, phate, nitro- Ammonia org-N,

 parency Sam- Temper- tance, unfltrd Dis- -matic water, water, gen, water, water,

 Secchi pling ature, wat unf field, solved method, unfltrd fltrd, water, fltrd, fltrd,

 Date disc, depth, water, uS/cm @ std oxygen, uncorr, mg/L mg/L unfltrd mg/L mg/L 

 meters meters deg C 25 degC units mg/L ug/L as P as P mg/L as N as N 

 (00078) (00098) (00010) (00095) (00400) (00300) (32210) (00665) (00671) (00600) (00608) (00623)

JUL 

 30... 1.80 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 30... -- .50 22.7 526 8.6 8.6 51.3 .033 <.002 <.32 .018 .54 

 30... -- 7.0 22.3 532 8.3 5.4 -- .025 <.002 -- -- -- 

 30... -- 12.0 14.0 585 7.7 .2 -- .190 .175 -- -- -- 

 30... -- 16.0 12.3 598 7.5 .1 -- .441 .405 -- -- -- 

AUG 

 15... 1.30 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 15... -- .50 23.5 523 8.8 10.4 22.8 .006 <.002 <.72 <.015 .54 

 15... -- 7.0 22.8 524 8.8 9.5 -- .014 <.002 -- -- -- 

 15... -- 10.0 17.8 575 7.8 .2 -- .040 -- -- -- -- 

 15... -- 12.0 13.9 590 7.6 .2 -- .138 .646 -- -- -- 

 15... -- 13.0 13.2 595 7.7 .1 -- .254 -- -- -- -- 

 15... -- 14.0 12.8 601 7.5 .1 -- .026 -- -- -- -- 

 15... -- 15.0 12.4 605 7.5 .1 -- .388 -- -- -- -- 

 15... -- 16.0 12.2 610 7.5 .1 -- .445 .081 -- -- -- 

SEP 

 30... 1.62 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 30... -- .50 19.6 526 8.6 10.8 42.2 .044 .003 <.87 <.015 .43 

 30... -- 11.0 18.6 539 8.3 4.0 -- .037 .021 -- -- -- 

 30... -- 13.0 13.8 617 7.6 .3 -- .473 .443 -- -- -- 

 30... -- 16.0 12.6 646 7.4 .2 -- .636 .606 -- -- -- 

 Ammonia Nitrate Turbdty Appar- ANC, 

 + + white ent wat unf 

 org-N, nitrite light, color, Hard- Magnes- Potas- fixed Chlor- Silica,

 water, water, det ang water, ness, Calcium ium, Sodium, sium, end pt, ide, Sulfate water,

 unfltrd fltrd, 90+/-30 unfltrd water, water, water, water, water, lab, water, water, fltrd,

 Date mg/L mg/L degrees Pt-Co mg/L as fltrd, fltrd, fltrd, fltrd, mg/L as fltrd, fltrd, mg/L as

 as N as N NTU units CaCO3 mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L CaCO3 mg/L mg/L SiO2 

 (00625) (00631) (63675) (00081) (00900) (00915) (00925) (00930) (00935) (00417) (00940) (00945) (00955)

 

NOV 2012 

 20... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 20... .66 .067 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 20... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

FEB 2013 

 13... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 13... .52 .141 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 13... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 
50

423556088365001 DELAVAN LAKE AT CENTER NEAR DELAVAN LAKE, WI

WATER-QUALITY DATA, APRIL 30 TO SEPTEMBER 30, 2013

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

 

 Ammonia Nitrate Turbdty Appar- ANC, 

 + + white ent wat unf 

 org-N, nitrite light, color, Hard- Magnes- Potas- fixed Chlor- Silica,

 water, water, det ang water, ness, Calcium ium, Sodium, sium, end pt, ide, Sulfate water,

 unfltrd fltrd, 90+/-30 unfltrd water, water, water, water, water, lab, water, water, fltrd,

 Date mg/L mg/L degrees Pt-Co mg/L as fltrd, fltrd, fltrd, fltrd, mg/L as fltrd, fltrd, mg/L as

 as N as N NTU units CaCO3 mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L CaCO3 mg/L mg/L SiO2 

 (00625) (00631) (63675) (00081) (00900) (00915) (00925) (00930) (00935) (00417) (00940) (00945) (00955)

 

APR 

 30... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 30... .27 .639 2.6 10 222 38.9 30.4 32.6 2.61 176 62 24.3 .119 

 30... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

MAY 

 29... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 29... .56 .415 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 29... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 29... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 29... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 29... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

JUN 

 18... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 18... .95 .035 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 18... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 18... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 18... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

JUL 

 30... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 30... .30 <.019 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 30... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 30... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 30... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

AUG 

 15... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 15... .70 <.019 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 15... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 15... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 15... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 15... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 15... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 15... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 15... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

SEP 

 30... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 30... .85 <.019 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 30... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 30... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 30... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 
51

423556088365001 DELAVAN LAKE AT CENTER NEAR DELAVAN LAKE, WI

WATER-QUALITY DATA, NOVEMBER 20, 2012 TO APRIL 30, 2013 

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

 Dis- 

 solved

 Manga- solids

 Iron, nese, dried @

 water, water, 180degC

 Date fltrd, fltrd, wat flt

 ug/L ug/L mg/L 

 (01046) (01056) (70300)

 

NOV 2012 

 20... -- -- -- 

 20... -- -- -- 

 20... -- -- -- 

FEB 2013 

 13... -- -- -- 

 13... -- -- -- 

 13... -- -- -- 

APR 

 30... -- -- -- 

 30... <.100 <1.00 308 

 30... -- -- -- 
52

423556088365001 DELAVAN LAKE AT CENTER NEAR DELAVAN LAKE, WI

LAKE-DEPTH PROFILES, NOVEMBER 20, 2012 TO MAY 29, 2013 

0 10 20 30

18

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

0 10 20

05-29-13

0 10 20 30

18

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

0 10 20

DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

0 10 20 30

18

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

0 10 20

SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELSIUS

11-20-12 02-13-13 04-30-13

0 10 20 30

18

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

0 10 20

400 600 800 1000

18

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

6 7 8 9 10

400 600 800 1000

18

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

6 7 8 9 10

400 600 800 1000

18

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

6 7 8 9 10

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS

W.T.

D.O.

S.C.

pH

400 600 800 1000

18

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

6 7 8 9 10

WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELSIUS

DEPTH, IN METERS DEPTH, IN METERS
53

423556088365001 DELAVAN LAKE AT CENTER NEAR DELAVAN LAKE, WI

LAKE-DEPTH PROFILES, JUNE 18 TO SEPTEMBER 30, 2013

0 10 20 30

18

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

0 10 20

DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

0 10 20 30

18

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

0 10 20

0 10 20 30

18

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

0 10 20

SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELSIUS

06-18-13 07-30-13 08-15-13

0 10 20 30

18

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

0 10 20

09-30-13

400 600 800 1000

18

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

6 7 8 9 10

400 600 800 1000

18

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

6 7 8 9 10

400 600 800 1000

18

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

6 7 8 9 10

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS

W.T.

D.O.

S.C.

pH

400 600 800 1000

18

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

6 7 8 9 10

WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELSIUS

DEPTH, IN METERS DEPTH, IN METERS
54

 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

Total Phosphorus

Chlorophyll a

Secchi depth

Eutrophic

 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 0

20

40

60

80

100

120

329

 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

0.30

CHLOROPHYLL a CONCENTRATION, IN MICROGRAMS PER LITER SECCHI DEPTH, IN METERS TROPHIC STATE INDEX

Surface total phosphorus, chlorophyll a concentrations, Secchi depths,

 and TSI data for Delavan Lake, at Center, near Delavan, Wisconsin.

Mesotrophic

TOTAL PHOSPHORUS CONCENTRATION, IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

Oligotrophic
55

423659088354401 DELAVAN LAKE, AT NORTH END, NEAR LAKE LAWN, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 42°36'59", long 88°35'44", in NW 1⁄4 SW 1⁄4 sec.22, T.2 N., R.16 E., Walworth County, Hydrologic Unit 07090001, 2.6 mi southeast of Delavan.

SURFACE AREA--3.24 mi2

. 

DRAINAGE AREA.--41.4 mi2, of which 2.3 mi2 is non-contributing.

PERIOD OF RECORD.--October 1983 to August 2009, March 2012 to September 2013. 

WATER-QUALITY DATA, NOVEMBER 20, 2012 TO SEPTEMBER 30, 2013

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

 

 Specif- Chloro- 

 ic pH, phyll a Phos- 

 Trans- conduc- water, trichro phorus,

 parency Sam- Temper- tance, unfltrd Dis- -matic water,

 Secchi pling ature, wat unf field, solved method, unfltrd

 Date disc, depth, water, uS/cm @ std oxygen, uncorr, mg/L 

 meters meters deg C 25 degC units mg/L ug/L as P 

 (00078) (00098) (00010) (00095) (00400) (00300) (32210) (00665)

 

NOV 2012 

 20... 5.15 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 20... -- .50 8.3 569 8.2 10.6 4.47 .031 

FEB 2013 

 13... 8.00 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 13... -- .50 1.3 579 -- 14.0 -- .029 

APR 

 30... 4.00 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 30... -- .50 10.3 561 8.5 11.9 3.88 .027 

MAY 

 29... 6.50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 29... -- .50 16.6 563 8.4 9.4 2.34 .020 

JUN 

 18... 2.50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 18... -- .50 20.6 560 8.7 10.0 33.8 .021 

JUL 

 30... 1.50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 30... -- .50 23.0 522 8.7 10.4 58.0 .037 

AUG 

 15... 1.38 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 15... -- .50 23.4 524 8.8 9.9 25.1 .023 

SEP 

 30... 1.60 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 30... -- .50 19.6 523 8.7 10.8 39.0 .044
56

423659088354401 DELAVAN LAKE, AT NORTH END, NEAR LAKE LAWN, WI

LAKE-DEPTH PROFILES, NOVEMBER 20, 2012 TO MAY 29, 2013 

0 10 20 30

10

8

6

4

2

0

0 10 20

DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

0 10 20 30

10

8

6

4

2

0

0 10 20

SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELSIUS

11-20-12 02-13-13 04-30-13

D.O.

0 10 20 30

10

8

6

4

2

0

0 10 20

05-29-13

0 10 20 30

10

8

6

4

2

0

0 10 20

400 600 800 1000

10

8

6

4

2

0

6 7 8 9 10

S.C.

400 600 800 1000

10

8

6

4

2

0

6 7 8 9 10

400 600 800 1000

10

8

6

4

2

0

6 7 8 9 10

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS

W.T.

pH

400 600 800 1000

10

8

6

4

2

0

6 7 8 9 10

WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELSIUS

DEPTH, IN METERS DEPTH, IN METERS
57

423659088354401 DELAVAN LAKE, AT NORTH END, NEAR LAKE LAWN, WI

LAKE-DEPTH PROFILES, JUNE 18 TO SEPTEMBER 30, 2013

0 10 20 30

10

8

6

4

2

0

0 10 20

DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

0 10 20 30

10

8

6

4

2

0

0 10 20

0 10 20 30

10

8

6

4

2

0

0 10 20

SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELSIUS

06-18-13 07-30-13 08-15-13

D.O.

0 10 20 30

10

8

6

4

2

0

0 10 20

09-30-13

400 600 800 1000

10

8

6

4

2

0

6 7 8 9 10

S.C.

400 600 800 1000

10

8

6

4

2

0

6 7 8 9 10

400 600 800 1000

10

8

6

4

2

0

6 7 8 9 10

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS

W.T.

pH

400 600 800 1000

10

8

6

4

2

0

6 7 8 9 10

WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELSIUS

DEPTH, IN METERS DEPTH, IN METERS
58

423526088380101 DELAVAN LAKE, AT SW END, NEAR DELAVAN LAKE, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 42°35'26", long 88°38'01", in SE 1⁄4 NW 1⁄4 sec.32, T.2 N., R.16 E., Walworth County, Hydrologic Unit 07090001, 2.6 mi southeast of Delavan.

SURFACE AREA--3.24 mi2

. 

DRAINAGE AREA.--41.4 mi2

, of which 2.3 mi2 is non-contributing.

PERIOD OF RECORD.-- October 1983 to August 2009, March 2012 to September 2013. 

 

WATER-QUALITY DATA, NOVEMBER 20, 2012 TO SEPTEMBER 30, 2013

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

 Specif- Chloro- 

 ic pH, phyll a Phos- 

 Trans- conduc- water, trichro phorus,

 parency Sam- Temper- tance, unfltrd Dis- -matic water,

 Secchi pling ature, wat unf field, solved method, unfltrd

 Date disc, depth, water, uS/cm @ std oxygen, uncorr, mg/L 

 meters meters deg C 25 degC units mg/L ug/L as P 

 (00078) (00098) (00010) (00095) (00400) (00300) (32210) (00665)

 

NOV 2012 

 20... 6.95 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 20... -- .50 8.1 569 8.0 10.3 7.15 .034 

APR 2013 

 30... 2.10 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 30... -- .50 7.4 559 8.4 12.3 11.5 .026 

MAY 

 29... 8.65 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 29... -- .50 16.3 563 8.4 9.1 1.31 .017 

JUN 

 18... 2.65 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 18... -- .50 22.4 555 8.9 11.4 31.3 .025 

JUL 

 30... 1.40 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 30... -- .50 23.3 525 8.7 9.8 41.1 .032 

AUG 

 15... 1.35 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 15... -- .50 23.7 522 8.8 11.2 24.3 .024 

SEP 

 30... 1.50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 30... -- .50 20.0 523 8.7 11.6 32.2 .041 
59

 

423526088380101 DELAVAN LAKE, AT SW END, NEAR DELAVAN LAKE, WI

LAKE-DEPTH PROFILES, NOVEMBER 20, 2012 TO JUNE 18, 2013 

0 10 20 30

10

8

6

4

2

0

0 10 20

DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

0 10 20 30

10

8

6

4

2

0

0 10 20

0 10 20 30

10

8

6

4

2

0

0 10 20

SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELSIUS

11-20-12 04-30-13 05-29-13

0 10 20 30

10

8

6

4

2

0

0 10 20

06-18-13

400 600 800 1000

10

8

6

4

2

0

6 7 8 9 10

400 600 800 1000

10

8

6

4

2

0

6 7 8 9 10

400 600 800 1000

10

8

6

4

2

0

6 7 8 9 10

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS

W.T.

pH

400 600 800 1000

10

8

6

4

2

0

6 7 8 9 10

WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELSIUS

DEPTH, IN METERS DEPTH, IN METERS

D.O.

S.C.
60

423526088380101 DELAVAN LAKE, AT SW END, NEAR DELAVAN LAKE, WI

LAKE-DEPTH PROFILES, JULY 30 TO SEPTEMBER 30, 2013

0 10 20 30

10

8

6

4

2

0

0 10 20

SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELSIUS

07-30-13

400 600 800 1000

10

8

6

4

2

0

6 7 8 9 10

400 600 800 1000

10

8

6

4

2

0

6 7 8 9 10

400 600 800 1000

10

8

6

4

2

0

6 7 8 9 10

WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELSIUS

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS

0 10 20 30

10

8

6

4

2

0

0 10 20

09-30-13

W.T.

D.O.

S.C.

pH

0 10 20 30

10

8

6

4

2

0

0 10 20

DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

08-15-13

DEPTH, IN METERS DEPTH, IN METERS
61

05404500 DEVILS LAKE NEAR BARABOO, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 43°25′35′′, long 89°43′40′′ referenced to North American Datum of 1927, in SW 1⁄4 SE 1⁄4 sec.13, T.11 N., R.6 E., Sauk 

County, WI, Hydrologic Unit 07070004, in Devils Lake State Park, 3.5 mi south of Baraboo. 

SURFACE AREA.--0.56 mi2

. 

DRAINAGE AREA.--4.79 mi2

. 

PERIOD OF RECORD.--June 1922 to August 1930, June to August 1932, June 1934 to September 1981 (fragmentary). October 1981 

to September 1984, data unpublished in district files. October 1984 to current year. 

REVISED RECORDS.--WDR WI-78-1: Drainage area. 

GAGE.--Water-stage recorder installed July 17, 1991. Datum of gage is 954.88 ft, above NAVD of 1988. 

REMARKS.--Lake has no surface outlet. Water removed from lake by bottom withdrawal pipe, May 13-27 and June 24 to July 30. 

EXTREMES FOR PERIOD OF RECORD.--Maximum observed, 14.83 ft, June 12, 2008; minimum observed, 1.49 ft, Feb. 8, 1965. 

EXTREMES FOR CURRENT YEAR.--Maximum observed, 9.89 ft, June 26; minimum observed, 6.07 ft, Dec. 9, 13-15. 

GAGE HEIGHT, FEET

WATER YEAR OCTOBER 2012 TO SEPTEMBER 2013

DAILY MEAN VALUES

Day Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep

1 6.30 6.29 6.14 6.24 6.41 6.58 7.04 8.90 9.04 9.75 8.33 7.76

2 6.28 6.28 6.14 6.23 6.42 6.58 7.06 8.89 9.00 9.70 8.30 7.72

3 6.28 6.26 6.14 6.23 6.42 6.58 7.08 8.92 8.98 9.65 8.27 7.70

4 6.27 6.26 6.13 6.23 6.42 6.58 7.11 8.96 8.96 9.61 8.25 7.67

5 6.24 6.25 6.13 6.22 6.43 6.60 7.15 8.96 8.98 9.56 8.23 7.65

6 6.21 6.25 6.12 6.22 6.44 6.62 7.20 8.96 8.99 9.51 8.21 7.63

7 6.19 6.25 6.11 6.22 6.46 6.62 7.27 8.95 8.97 9.46 8.19 7.60

8 6.18 6.24 6.10 6.21 6.48 6.62 7.36 8.94 8.96 9.43 8.16 7.58

9 6.16 6.23 6.11 6.21 6.47 6.63 7.52 8.96 8.94 9.41 8.14 7.56

10 6.15 6.24 6.12 6.22 6.49 6.70 7.90 9.21 8.97 9.37 8.11 7.54

11 6.13 6.27 6.12 6.25 6.51 6.79 8.13 9.27 8.96 9.31 8.10 7.58

12 6.11 6.31 6.11 6.26 6.51 6.82 8.29 9.29 8.97 9.26 8.11 7.56

13 6.15 6.30 6.10 6.25 6.51 6.84 8.36 9.29 9.06 9.20 8.09 7.53

14 6.27 6.29 6.09 6.25 6.52 6.84 8.40 9.27 9.06 9.14 8.06 7.50

15 6.34 6.27 6.11 6.25 6.52 6.86 8.46 9.25 9.06 9.10 8.04 7.52

16 6.33 6.26 6.13 6.25 6.52 6.88 8.50 9.23 9.05 9.05 8.01 7.50

17 6.34 6.26 6.12 6.24 6.52 6.88 8.55 9.24 9.03 9.02 7.99 7.48

18 6.36 6.25 6.13 6.24 6.51 6.89 8.72 9.25 9.00 8.98 7.97 7.47

19 6.37 6.24 6.14 6.23 6.51 6.91 8.82 9.23 8.98 8.93 7.94 7.50

20 6.36 6.24 6.24 6.23 6.52 6.91 8.85 9.23 8.95 8.87 7.92 7.61

21 6.36 6.24 6.27 6.22 6.52 6.91 8.87 9.21 9.03 8.83 7.90 7.58

22 6.35 6.24 6.27 6.22 6.54 6.92 8.88 9.17 9.16 8.80 7.94 7.56

23 6.36 6.21 6.26 6.22 6.54 6.92 8.89 9.14 9.69 8.74 7.96 7.55

24 6.36 6.20 6.25 6.21 6.54 6.92 8.89 9.10 9.78 8.68 7.93 7.52

25 6.38 6.18 6.25 6.22 6.54 6.92 8.89 9.06 9.84 8.63 7.91 7.50

26 6.39 6.17 6.24 6.21 6.54 6.92 8.89 9.02 9.86 8.59 7.89 7.49

27 6.37 6.16 6.24 6.22 6.57 6.92 8.88 9.00 9.85 8.53 7.87 7.47

28 6.35 6.15 6.24 6.23 6.58 6.92 8.87 9.01 9.82 8.47 7.85 7.46

29 6.34 6.15 6.25 6.30 --- 6.93 8.88 9.01 9.84 8.42 7.83 7.46

30 6.32 6.14 6.25 6.39 --- 6.95 8.91 9.06 9.80 8.38 7.81 7.45

31 6.30 --- 6.24 6.41 --- 7.00 --- 9.06 --- 8.35 7.78 ---

Mean 6.29 6.24 6.17 6.24 6.50 6.81 8.22 9.10 9.22 9.06 8.04 7.56

Max 6.39 6.31 6.27 6.41 6.58 7.00 8.91 9.29 9.86 9.75 8.33 7.76

Min 6.11 6.14 6.09 6.21 6.41 6.58 7.04 8.89 8.94 8.35 7.78 7.45
62

1935 1939 1943 1947 1951 1955 1959 1963 1967 1971 1975 1979 1983 1987 1991 1995 1999 2003 2007 2011 2015

0

5

10

15

GAGE HEIGHT, IN FEET

MIN

MAX

 

Annual minimum and maximum water levels for Devils Lake, 1936-2013.
63

424207088072400 EAGLE LAKE, AT DEEP HOLE, NEAR KANSASVILLE, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 42°42'07", long 88°07'24", in SE 1⁄4 SW 1⁄4 sec. 22, T.3 N., R.20 E., Racine County, Hydrologic Unit 07120006, 1.5 mi northwest of 

Kansasville.

SURFACE AREA.--0.80 mi2

. 

PERIOD OF RECORD.--June to September 2013.

REMARKS.--Lake sampled near the center at a depth of approximately 3.6 m. Water-quality analyses by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene.

WATER-QUALITY DATA, JUNE 29 TO AUGUST 29, 2013

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

 Specif- Chloro- 

 ic pH, phyll a Phos- 

 Trans- conduc- water, trichro phorus,

 parency Sam- Temper- tance, unfltrd Dis- -matic water,

 Secchi pling ature, wat unf field, solved method, unfltrd

 Date disc, depth, water, uS/cm @ std oxygen, uncorr, mg/L 

 meters meters deg C 25 degC units mg/L ug/L as P 

 (00078) (00098) (00010) (00095) (00400) (00300) (32210) (00665)

 

JUN 2013 

 29... 1.10 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 29... -- .50 24.5 424 8.8 8.2 29.4 .053 

 29... -- 2.0 24.5 424 8.8 8.2 -- .053 

 29... -- 3.0 24.5 424 8.8 8.1 -- .054 

JUL 

 17... 1.05 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 17... -- .50 29.6 386 9.2 10.0 12.0 .036 

 17... -- 1.5 29.1 385 9.2 10.1 -- .028 

 17... -- 3.0 26.2 406 8.3 .9 -- .097 

 30... 1.40 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 30... -- .50 22.4 392 9.1 10.0 18.7 .043 

 30... -- 1.5 21.7 391 9.1 9.9 -- .048 

 30... -- 3.0 21.2 395 9.0 7.7 -- .054 

AUG 

 15... .85 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 15... -- .50 22.4 387 9.2 7.7 34.1 .054 

 15... -- 1.5 22.3 387 9.3 7.4 -- .051 

 15... -- 3.0 22.2 388 9.3 6.8 -- .051 

 29... .85 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 29... -- .50 26.9 378 9.4 9.4 27.9 .048 

 29... -- 1.5 26.4 378 9.3 8.4 -- .055 

 29... -- 2.5 26.3 379 9.3 7.4 -- .055 

 
64

424207088072400 EAGLE LAKE, AT DEEP HOLE, NEAR KANSASVILLE, WI

WATER-QUALITY DATA, SEPTEMBER 11 TO SEPTEMBER 26, 2013

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

 Specif- Chloro- 

 ic pH, phyll a Phos- 

 Trans- conduc- water, trichro phorus,

 parency Sam- Temper- tance, unfltrd Dis- -matic water,

 Secchi pling ature, wat unf field, solved method, unfltrd

 Date disc, depth, water, uS/cm @ std oxygen, uncorr, mg/L 

 meters meters deg C 25 degC units mg/L ug/L as P 

 (00078) (00098) (00010) (00095) (00400) (00300) (32210) (00665)

SEP 

 11... .85 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 11... -- .50 24.6 385 9.2 9.5 50.9 .066 

 11... -- 2.0 24.3 387 9.1 7.7 -- .065 

 11... -- 3.0 24.3 388 9.0 6.7 -- .068 

 26... .85 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 26... -- .50 19.2 392 9.2 10.8 27.4 .055 

 26... -- 1.5 18.5 392 9.2 10.7 -- .064 

 26... -- 2.5 18.1 392 9.2 10.4 -- .060 
65

424207088072400 EAGLE LAKE, AT DEEP HOLE, NEAR KANSASVILLE, WI

LAKE-DEPTH PROFILES, JUNE 29 TO AUGUST 15, 2013

300 400 500

4

3

2

1

0

6 7 8 9 10

0 10 20 30

4

3

2

1

0

0 10 20

SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELSIUS

06-29-13 07-17-13

300 400 500

4

3

2

1

0

6 7 8 9 10

0 10 20 30

4

3

2

1

0

0 10 20

300 400 500

4

3

2

1

0

6 7 8 9 10

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS

300 400 500

4

3

2

1

0

6 7 8 9 10

WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELSIUS

0 10 20 30

4

3

2

1

0

0 10 20

07-30-13 08-15-13

0 10 20 30

4

3

2

1

0

0 10 20

DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

W.T.

D.O.

S.C.

pH

DEPTH, IN METERS DEPTH, IN METERS
66

424207088072400 EAGLE LAKE, AT DEEP HOLE, NEAR KANSASVILLE, WI

LAKE-DEPTH PROFILES, AUGUST 29 TO AUGUST 26, 2013

0 10 20 30

4

3

2

1

0

0 10 20

SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELSIUS

08-29-13

300 400 500

4

3

2

1

0

6 7 8 9 10

300 400 500

4

3

2

1

0

6 7 8 9 10

300 400 500

4

3

2

1

0

6 7 8 9 10

WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELSIUS

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS

0 10 20 30

4

3

2

1

0

0 10 20

09-26-13

W.T.

D.O.

S.C.

pH

0 10 20 30

4

3

2

1

0

0 10 20

DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

09-11-13

DEPTH, IN METERS DEPTH, IN METERS
67

 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 5

4

3

2

1

0

 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Total Phosphorus

Chlorophyll a

Secchi depth

Eutrophic

 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 0

10

20

30

40

50

60

 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 0.000

0.020

0.040

0.060

0.080

0.100

CHLOROPHYLL a CONCENTRATION, IN MICROGRAMS PER LITER SECCHI DEPTH, IN METERS TROPHIC STATE INDEX

Surface total phosphorus, chlorophyll a concentrations, Secchi depths,

and TSI data for Eagle Lake, Deep Hole, near Kansasville, Wisconsin.

Mesotrophic

TOTAL PHOSPHORUS CONCENTRATION, IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

Oligotrophic
68

423525088260400 GENEVA LAKE AT LAKE GENEVA, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 42°35′25′′, long 88°26′04′′ referenced to North American Datum of 1927, in SE 1⁄4 NW 1⁄4 sec.36, T.2 N., R.17 E., 

Walworth County, WI, Hydrologic Unit 07120006, at Geneva Lake dam at Center Street at Lake Geneva. 

SURFACE AREA.--8.22 mi2

. 

DRAINAGE AREA.--28.7 mi2

. 

PERIOD OF RECORD.--October 1997 to August 2002, December 2002 to current year. 

GAGE.--Water-stage recorder. Datum of gage is 861.86 ft above NAVD of 1988 or 862.08 ft above NGVD of 1929. Intermittent staffgage readings during winter months. 

REMARKS.—Records good except for estimated days, which are poor. Gage-height telemeter at station. 

EXTREMES FOR PERIOD OF RECORD.--Maximum gage height, 3.47 ft, Apr. 17, 2013; minimum gage height, 1.38 ft, Oct. 13, 2012

(affected by wind). 

EXTREMES FOR CURRENT YEAR.--Maximum gage height observed, 3.47 ft (affected by wind), Apr. 17; minimum gage height, 1.38 ft

(affected by wind), Oct. 12. 

GAGE HEIGHT, FEET

WATER YEAR OCTOBER 2012 TO SEPTEMBER 2013

DAILY MEAN VALUES

[e, estimated]

Day Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep

1 1.64 1.77 1.76 1.97 2.33 2.63 2.61 2.69 2.56 e2.89 2.42 2.40

2 1.64 1.75 1.78 1.97 2.34 2.61 2.58 2.65 2.53 2.80 2.48 2.40

3 1.64 1.74 1.81 1.97 2.35 2.60 2.56 2.70 2.50 2.81 2.48 2.39

4 1.66 1.75 1.81 1.97 2.37 2.59 2.57 2.69 2.48 2.83 2.47 2.38

5 1.64 1.74 1.79 1.96 2.38 2.61 2.53 2.67 2.46 2.84 2.46 2.35

6 1.59 1.75 1.79 1.96 2.39 2.63 2.55 2.65 2.48 3.01 2.50 2.35

7 1.57 1.75 1.78 1.95 2.43 2.61 2.52 2.63 2.47 e2.90 2.50 2.34

8 1.57 1.75 1.78 1.94 2.48 2.60 2.57 2.64 2.46 e2.79 2.48 2.31

9 1.55 1.74 1.80 1.95 2.48 2.59 2.69 2.61 2.44 2.67 2.48 2.32

10 1.53 1.79 1.83 1.93 2.54 2.65 2.83 2.64 2.44 2.66 2.46 2.33

11 1.51 1.83 1.84 2.08 2.59 2.74 2.92 2.63 2.45 e2.63 2.46 2.31

12 1.47 1.84 1.81 2.08 2.57 2.76 2.94 2.59 2.44 e2.60 2.46 2.30

13 1.51 1.80 1.81 2.08 2.57 2.75 2.90 2.56 2.50 2.58 2.43 2.27

14 1.59 1.79 1.79 2.06 2.57 2.73 2.83 2.58 2.48 2.56 2.42 2.26

15 1.56 1.78 1.85 2.05 2.56 2.73 2.83 2.54 2.50 2.55 2.41 2.27

16 1.56 1.77 1.90 2.08 2.56 2.74 2.78 2.51 2.52 2.55 2.39 2.28

17 1.61 1.78 1.88 2.04 2.54 2.71 2.78 2.48 2.49 2.55 2.39 2.27

18 1.74 1.78 1.86 2.06 2.56 2.75 3.14 2.47 2.44 2.54 2.38 2.27

19 1.71 1.78 1.83 2.10 2.65 2.71 3.18 2.48 2.42 2.54 2.39 2.32

20 1.71 1.80 1.96 2.03 2.63 2.68 3.06 2.51 2.41 2.48 2.38 2.36

21 1.70 1.81 2.06 2.03 2.62 2.67 3.00 2.55 2.46 2.46 2.38 2.32

22 1.74 1.86 2.04 2.00 2.65 2.65 2.95 2.54 2.59 2.52 2.38 2.30

23 1.81 1.81 2.02 1.99 2.64 2.63 2.96 2.50 2.61 2.49 2.37 2.29

24 1.85 1.77 2.02 1.99 2.63 2.65 2.92 2.47 2.60 2.46 2.37 2.28

25 1.92 1.76 2.02 1.99 2.61 2.63 2.86 2.45 2.76 2.45 2.37 2.27

26 1.88 1.74 2.00 1.99 2.63 2.59 2.82 2.43 2.99 2.45 2.36 2.27

27 1.86 1.75 1.99 1.99 2.67 2.59 2.80 2.42 3.06 2.44 2.37 2.26

28 1.83 1.74 2.00 2.03 2.64 2.59 2.79 2.45 3.06 2.41 2.35 2.27

29 1.83 1.73 2.00 2.16 --- 2.60 2.77 2.50 e3.00 2.39 2.34 2.27

30 1.81 1.73 2.00 2.33 --- 2.63 2.75 2.53 e2.94 2.39 2.37 2.26

31 1.79 --- 1.99 2.33 --- 2.66 --- 2.59 --- 2.40 2.40 ---

Mean 1.68 1.77 1.89 2.03 2.54 2.66 2.80 2.56 2.58 2.60 2.42 2.31

Max 1.92 1.86 2.06 2.33 2.67 2.76 3.18 2.70 3.06 3.01 2.50 2.40

Min 1.47 1.73 1.76 1.93 2.33 2.59 2.52 2.42 2.41 2.39 2.34 2.26
69

 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

GAGE HEIGHT, IN FEET

STAFF GAGE READING

 

 Stage hydrograph for Geneva Lake, 1997-2013.
70

423329088323300 GENEVA LAKE AT WEST END NEAR WILLIAMS BAY, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 42°33'29", long 88°32'33", in NE 1⁄4 SE 1⁄4 sec.12, T.1 N., R.16 E., Walworth County, Hydrologic Unit 07120006, 1.3 mi south of Williams Bay.

SURFACE AREA.--8.22 mi2

. 

DRAINAGE AREA.--28.7 mi2

. 

PERIOD OF RECORD.--April 1997 to current year.

REMARKS.--Lake sampled at deep hole at a depth of about 43 m. Water-quality analyses done by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene. Samples for

 determination of chlorophyll a concentration are collected from the top 0.5 m of the lake.

WATER-QUALITY DATA, NOVEMBER 20, 2012 TO SEPTEMBER 27, 2013

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

 Specif- Chloro- Ortho- Ammonia Ammonia

 ic pH, phyll a Phos- phos- Total + + 

 Trans- conduc- water, trichro phorus, phate, nitro- Ammonia org-N, org-N,

 parency Sam- Temper- tance, unfltrd Dis- -matic water, water, gen, water, water, water,

 Secchi pling ature, wat unf field, solved method, unfltrd fltrd, water, fltrd, fltrd, unfltrd

 Date disc, depth, water, uS/cm @ std oxygen, uncorr, mg/L mg/L unfltrd mg/L mg/L mg/L 

 meters meters deg C 25 degC units mg/L ug/L as P as P mg/L as N as N as N 

 (00078) (00098) (00010) (00095) (00400) (00300) (32210) (00665) (00671) (00600) (00608) (00623) (00625)

 

NOV 2012 

 20... 6.15 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 20... -- .50 9.5 529 8.3 9.3 3.48 .019 .007 .42 .022 -- .39 

 20... -- 43.0 8.7 541 7.6 .2 -- .079 -- <.74 .295 -- .72 

APR 2013 

 30... 5.80 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 30... -- .50 4.9 528 8.5 13.0 4.31 .040 <.002 <.18 .028 -- <.14 

JUN 

 18... 6.65 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 18... -- .50 20.7 525 8.6 9.4 2.10 .010 <.006 <.45 <.048 .37 .39 

 18... -- 8.0 20.1 525 8.6 9.5 -- .012 -- -- -- -- -- 

 18... -- 14.0 9.0 526 8.7 11.1 -- .013 -- -- -- -- -- 

 18... -- 32.0 5.9 530 8.4 10.2 -- .010 -- -- -- -- -- 

 18... -- 37.0 5.5 531 8.3 9.6 -- .010 -- -- -- -- -- 

 18... -- 43.0 5.5 533 8.1 8.0 -- .015 -- -- -- -- -- 

JUL 

 11... 5.10 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 11... -- .50 24.5 527 8.7 9.0 2.61 .007 <.002 <.46 <.015 .46 .44 

 11... -- 6.0 24.0 527 8.7 9.2 -- .012 -- -- -- -- -- 

 11... -- 14.0 10.0 530 9.0 10.2 -- .009 -- -- -- -- -- 

 11... -- 33.0 5.9 533 8.5 9.3 -- .007 -- -- -- -- -- 

 11... -- 37.0 5.6 535 8.3 8.1 -- .008 -- -- -- -- -- 

 11... -- 43.0 5.5 538 7.9 5.1 -- .015 .007 .75 .115 .59 .62 

 
71

423329088323300 GENEVA LAKE AT WEST END NEAR WILLIAMS BAY, WI

WATER-QUALITY DATA, NOVEMBER 20, 2012 TO SEPTEMBER 27, 2013

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

 Specif- Chloro- Ortho- Ammonia Ammonia

 ic pH, phyll a Phos- phos- Total + + 

 Trans- conduc- water, trichro phorus, phate, nitro- Ammonia org-N, org-N,

 parency Sam- Temper- tance, unfltrd Dis- -matic water, water, gen, water, water, water,

 Secchi pling ature, wat unf field, solved method, unfltrd fltrd, water, fltrd, fltrd, unfltrd

 Date disc, depth, water, uS/cm @ std oxygen, uncorr, mg/L mg/L unfltrd mg/L mg/L mg/L 

 meters meters deg C 25 degC units mg/L ug/L as P as P mg/L as N as N as N 

 (00078) (00098) (00010) (00095) (00400) (00300) (32210) (00665) (00671) (00600) (00608) (00623) (00625)

 

AUG 

 14... 4.25 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 14... -- .50 23.2 528 8.7 8.9 3.28 <.005 <.002 <.22 <.015 .51 .20 

 14... -- 9.0 23.1 529 8.7 8.7 -- .009 -- -- -- -- -- 

 14... -- 15.0 9.5 532 8.2 8.2 -- .011 -- -- -- -- -- 

 14... -- 33.0 6.0 535 8.0 6.8 -- .007 -- -- -- -- -- 

 14... -- 38.0 5.7 537 7.9 4.6 -- .009 -- -- -- -- -- 

 14... -- 43.0 5.6 541 7.8 1.8 -- .044 -- -- -- -- -- 

SEP 

 27... 6.80 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 27... -- .50 20.0 524 8.4 9.0 1.84 .012 <.002 <.40 <.015 .51 .38 

 27... -- 11.0 19.8 525 8.6 8.9 -- .014 <.002 <.25 <.015 <.14 .23 

 27... -- 15.0 9.8 536 8.0 4.9 -- .013 <.002 .51 <.015 .44 .47 

 27... -- 33.0 6.1 539 7.7 4.6 -- .015 .002 .77 <.015 .76 .54 

 27... -- 38.0 5.8 542 7.6 2.4 -- .031 .019 .75 .024 .71 .46 

 27... -- 43.0 5.7 549 7.5 .2 -- .078 .058 .62 .167 .75 .50 

 Nitrate Turbdty Appar- ANC, 

 + white ent wat unf 

 nitrite light, color, Hard- Magnes- Potas- fixed Chlor- Silica, 

 water, det ang water, ness, Calcium ium, Sodium, sium, end pt, ide, Sulfate water, Iron, 

 fltrd, 90+/-30 unfltrd water, water, water, water, water, lab, water, water, fltrd, water,

 Date mg/L degrees Pt-Co mg/L as fltrd, fltrd, fltrd, fltrd, mg/L as fltrd, fltrd, mg/L as fltrd,

 as N NTU units CaCO3 mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L CaCO3 mg/L mg/L SiO2 ug/L 

 (00631) (63675) (00081) (00900) (00915) (00925) (00930) (00935) (00417) (00940) (00945) (00955) (01046)

 

NOV 2012 

 20... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 20... .031 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 20... <.019 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

APR 2013 

 30... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 30... .042 1.4 5 232 34.7 35.2 22.0 1.91 194 44 26.3 3.10 <.100 

JUN 

 18... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 18... <.061 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 18... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 18... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 18... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 18... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 18... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 
72

423329088323300 GENEVA LAKE AT WEST END NEAR WILLIAMS BAY, WI

WATER-QUALITY DATA, , NOVEMBER 20, 2012 TO SEPTEMBER 27, 2013

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

 Nitrate Turbdty Appar- ANC, 

 + white ent wat unf 

 nitrite light, color, Hard- Magnes- Potas- fixed Chlor- Silica, 

 water, det ang water, ness, Calcium ium, Sodium, sium, end pt, ide, Sulfate water, Iron, 

 fltrd, 90+/-30 unfltrd water, water, water, water, water, lab, water, water, fltrd, water,

 Date mg/L degrees Pt-Co mg/L as fltrd, fltrd, fltrd, fltrd, mg/L as fltrd, fltrd, mg/L as fltrd,

 as N NTU units CaCO3 mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L CaCO3 mg/L mg/L SiO2 ug/L 

 (00631) (63675) (00081) (00900) (00915) (00925) (00930) (00935) (00417) (00940) (00945) (00955) (01046)

 

JUL 

 11... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 11... <.019 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 11... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 11... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 11... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 11... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 11... .127 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

AUG 

 14... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 14... <.019 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 14... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 14... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 14... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 14... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 14... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

SEP 

 27... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 27... <.019 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 27... <.019 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 27... .041 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 27... .235 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 27... .292 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 27... .130 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 Dis- 

 solved

 Manga- solids

 nese, dried @

 water, 180degC

 Date fltrd, wat flt

 ug/L mg/L 

 (01056) (70300)

 

NOV 2012 

 20... -- -- 

 20... -- -- 

 20... -- -- 

APR 2013 

 30... -- -- 

 30... <1.00 294 
73

423329088323300 GENEVA LAKE AT WEST END NEAR WILLIAMS BAY, WI

LAKE-DEPTH PROFILES, NOVEMBER 20, 2012 TO JUNE 18, 2013 

0 10 20 30

45

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

0 10 20

SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELSIUS

11-20-12

0 10 20 30

45

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

0 10 20

06-18-13

450 475 500 525 550

45

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

6 7 8 9 10

450 475 500 525 550

45

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

6 7 8 9 10

450 475 500 525 550

45

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

6 7 8 9 10

WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELSIUS

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS

W.T. D.O.

S.C.

pH

0 10 20 30

45

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

0 10 20

DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

04-30-13

DEPTH, IN METERS DEPTH, IN METERS
74

423329088323300 GENEVA LAKE AT WEST END NEAR WILLIAMS BAY, WI

LAKE-DEPTH PROFILES, JULY 11 TO SEPTEMBER 27, 2013

0 10 20 30

45

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

0 10 20

SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELSIUS

07-11-13

0 10 20 30

45

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

0 10 20

DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

0 10 20 30

45

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

0 10 20

09-27-13

450 475 500 525 550

45

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

6 7 8 9 10

450 475 500 525 550

45

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

6 7 8 9 10

450 475 500 525 550

45

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

6 7 8 9 10

WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELSIUS

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS

W.T.

D.O.

S.C.

pH

08-14-13

DEPTH, IN METERS DEPTH, IN METERS
75

 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 10

20

30

40

50

60

Total Phosphorus

Chlorophyll a

Secchi depth

 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 0

5

10

15

 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 0.00

0.01

0.03

0.04

CHLOROPHYLL a CONCENTRATION, IN MICROGRAMS PER LITER SECCHI DEPTH, IN METERS TROPHIC STATE INDEX

 Surface total phosphorus, chlorophyll a concentrations, Secchi depths,

and TSI data for Geneva Lake, West End, near Williams Bay, Wisconsin.

(Open circles on the first two plots indicate laboratory detection limit for selected analyses.

 Actual concentrations for these particular analyses are less than the plotted circles.)

Eutrophic

Mesotrophic

TOTAL PHOSPHORUS CONCENTRATION, IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

Oligotrophic
76

434840089000001 GREEN LAKE AT GREEN LAKE, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 43°48′40′′, long 89°00′00′′ referenced to North American Datum of 1983, in SE 1⁄4 SW 1⁄4 sec.31, 

T.16 N., R.13 E., Green Lake County, WI, Hydrologic Unit 04030201, on left bank at upstream side of County 

Highway K, 11.6 mi southwest of Green Lake. 

SURFACE AREA.--11.48 mi2

. 

DRAINAGE AREA.--103 mi2; including surface area of Green Lake.

PERIOD OF RECORD.--October 1993 to May 2012, October 2012 to September 2013. Data from October 1993 to 

May 2012 previously available as 434928088553601 Green Lake at County Trunk HWY A near Green Lake, WI. 

GAGE.--Water-stage recorder. Datum of gage is 790.132 ft above NAVD of 1988 (from Wisconsin Department of 

Transportation Benchmark). 

COOPERATION.--Operated in cooperation with Green Lake Sanitary District.

REMARKS.--Lake level regulated by dam at outlet at Green Lake. Gage-height telemeter at station. 

EXTREMES FOR PERIOD OF RECORD.--Maximum recorded gage height, 8.67 ft, June 15, 2008; minimum 

recorded, 5.27 ft, Nov. 5, 2005. 

EXTREMES FOR CURRENT YEAR.--Maximum recorded gage height, 7.32 ft, Apr. 10; minimum recorded gage 

height, 5.29 ft, Oct. 13. 

GAGE HEIGHT, FEET

WATER YEAR OCTOBER 2012 TO SEPTEMBER 2013

DAILY MEAN VALUES

Day Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep 

1 5.48 5.74 5.68 5.81 6.02 6.26 6.68 6.54 6.58 6.64 6.42 6.30 

2 5.48 5.73 5.69 5.81 6.04 6.26 6.71 6.56 6.57 6.61 6.42 6.30 

3 5.48 5.73 5.69 5.80 6.04 6.26 6.74 6.59 6.53 6.58 6.41 6.27 

4 5.46 5.72 5.70 5.79 6.05 6.26 6.76 6.61 6.53 6.57 6.40 6.26 

5 5.42 5.72 5.70 5.79 6.05 6.27 6.78 6.61 6.54 6.55 6.37 6.25 

6 5.41 5.71 5.69 5.79 6.06 6.27 6.80 6.60 6.56 6.55 6.37 6.23 

7 5.39 5.72 5.70 5.77 6.08 6.27 6.81 6.60 6.55 6.54 6.44 6.24 

8 5.35 5.71 5.70 5.78 6.10 6.27 6.83 6.59 6.54 6.62 6.45 6.25 

9 5.36 5.72 5.71 5.77 6.10 6.28 6.86 6.61 6.54 6.68 6.43 6.23 

10 5.37 5.72 5.72 5.78 6.12 6.36 6.99 6.71 6.53 6.72 6.43 6.22 

11 5.36 5.73 5.70 5.81 6.15 6.47 7.01 6.68 6.52 6.69 6.43 6.23 

12 5.35 5.76 5.70 5.82 6.16 6.53 7.02 6.66 6.56 6.66 6.44 6.24 

13 5.43 5.76 5.69 5.83 6.16 6.56 7.01 6.63 6.63 6.63 6.44 6.21 

14 5.59 5.75 5.70 5.82 6.18 6.59 7.00 6.61 6.61 6.61 6.41 6.18 

15 5.67 5.75 5.71 5.81 6.18 6.61 7.01 6.59 6.63 6.60 6.40 6.21 

16 5.67 5.76 5.73 5.81 6.18 6.63 6.99 6.57 6.65 6.58 6.40 6.21 

17 5.67 5.75 5.74 5.81 6.19 6.63 6.97 6.58 6.65 6.55 6.39 6.18 

18 5.72 5.74 5.74 5.80 6.19 6.64 6.99 6.59 6.65 6.54 6.38 6.19 

19 5.74 5.74 5.74 5.81 6.20 6.63 6.96 6.57 6.62 6.51 6.37 6.22 

20 5.73 5.75 5.88 5.80 6.20 6.61 6.92 6.57 6.59 6.51 6.36 6.27 

21 5.73 5.74 5.86 5.79 6.21 6.60 6.87 6.56 6.64 6.53 6.35 6.28 

22 5.74 5.74 5.84 5.77 6.23 6.58 6.83 6.58 6.70 6.56 6.37 6.28 

23 5.74 5.74 5.85 5.77 6.24 6.57 6.80 6.66 6.73 6.59 6.36 6.23 

24 5.75 5.72 5.84 5.77 6.24 6.55 6.75 6.61 6.73 6.55 6.34 6.22 

25 5.76 5.71 5.84 5.77 6.24 6.54 6.70 6.58 6.77 6.52 6.32 6.22 

26 5.80 5.71 5.84 5.77 6.25 6.52 6.64 6.56 6.77 6.51 6.32 6.21 

27 5.79 5.69 5.83 5.78 6.26 6.51 6.60 6.54 6.77 6.49 6.33 6.20 

28 5.79 5.68 5.84 5.80 6.26 6.51 6.56 6.55 6.73 6.46 6.34 6.18 

29 5.78 5.69 5.84 5.88 --- 6.52 6.53 6.55 6.73 6.45 6.33 6.20 

30 5.79 5.70 5.83 5.99 --- 6.56 6.52 6.59 6.69 6.43 6.33 6.18 

31 5.75 --- 5.83 6.02 --- 6.62 --- 6.59 --- 6.43 6.32 ---

Mean 5.60 5.73 5.76 5.81 6.16 6.48 6.82 6.59 6.63 6.56 6.38 6.23 

Max 5.80 5.76 5.88 6.02 6.26 6.64 7.02 6.71 6.77 6.72 6.45 6.30 

Min 5.35 5.68 5.68 5.77 6.02 6.26 6.52 6.54 6.52 6.43 6.32 6.18 
77

 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 5

6

7

8

9

10

GAGE HEIGHT, IN FEET

 Stage hydrograph for Green Lake, 1993-2013.
78

434756089020500 GREEN LAKE AT DEEP HOLE NEAR GREEN LAKE, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 43°47'56", long 89°02'05", in NW 1⁄4 SE 1⁄4 sec.2, T.15 N., R.12 E., Green Lake County, Hydrologic Unit 04030201, about 5 miles southwest of the 

City of Green Lake.

SURFACE AREA.--11.48 mi2

. 

PERIOD OF RECORD.--May 2004 to current year. Lake sampled by Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources prior to 2004.

REMARKS.--Water-quality analyses done by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene. A “*” indicates data that were collected by Mary Jane Bumby, Citizen Lake 

Monitoring Volunteer.

WATER-QUALITY DATA, MAY 7 TO SEPTEMBER 25, 2013

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

 Specif- Chloro- Ortho- Ammonia Ammonia

 ic pH, phyll a Phos- phos- Total + + 

 Trans- conduc- water, trichro phorus, phate, nitro- Ammonia org-N, org-N,

 parency Sam- Temper- tance, unfltrd Dis- -matic water, water, gen, water, water, water,

 Secchi pling ature, wat unf field, solved method, unfltrd fltrd, water, fltrd, fltrd, unfltrd

 Date disc, depth, water, uS/cm @ std oxygen, uncorr, mg/L mg/L unfltrd mg/L mg/L mg/L 

 meters meters deg C 25 degC units mg/L ug/L as P as P mg/L as N as N as N 

 (00078) (00098) (00010) (00095) (00400) (00300) (32210) (00665) (00671) (00600) (00608) (00623) (00625)

 

MAY 2013 

 07... 7.25 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 07... -- .50 7.7 513 8.3 13.1 2.92 .036 .020 1.3 <.015 -- 1.0 

 07... -- 68.0 3.8 517 8.2 12.1 -- .048 -- -- -- -- -- 

JUN 

 *11... 4.57 .10 20.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 *17... 5.79 .10 20.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 *19... 6.25 .10 20.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 27... 8.60 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 27... -- .50 22.3 499 8.7 9.3 2.43 .011 -- -- -- -- -- 

 27... -- 68.0 4.4 521 7.6 3.2 -- .148 -- -- -- -- -- 

 *27... 6.10 .10 22.2 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

JUL 

 *07... 7.47 .10 23.9 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 *11... 8.84 .10 25.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 *20... 4.72 .10 27.8 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 25... 5.30 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 25... -- .50 25.2 490 8.8 8.8 4.13 .010 -- -- -- -- -- 

 25... -- 68.0 4.5 521 7.6 1.8 -- .273 -- -- -- -- -- 

 *31... 4.88 .10 22.8 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 
79

434756089020500 GREEN LAKE AT DEEP HOLE NEAR GREEN LAKE, WI

WATER-QUALITY DATA, MAY 7 TO SEPTEMBER 25, 2013

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

 Specif- Chloro- Ortho- Ammonia Ammonia

 ic pH, phyll a Phos- phos- Total + + 

 Trans- conduc- water, trichro phorus, phate, nitro- Ammonia org-N, org-N,

 parency Sam- Temper- tance, unfltrd Dis- -matic water, water, gen, water, water, water,

 Secchi pling ature, wat unf field, solved method, unfltrd fltrd, water, fltrd, fltrd, unfltrd

 Date disc, depth, water, uS/cm @ std oxygen, uncorr, mg/L mg/L unfltrd mg/L mg/L mg/L 

 meters meters deg C 25 degC units mg/L ug/L as P as P mg/L as N as N as N 

 (00078) (00098) (00010) (00095) (00400) (00300) (32210) (00665) (00671) (00600) (00608) (00623) (00625)

AUG 

 *03... 5.79 .10 23.3 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 *08... 4.88 .10 22.8 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 13... 5.65 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 13... -- .50 22.6 492 8.7 9.1 5.37 .009 <.002 <.61 <.015 .22 .59 

 13... -- 67.0 4.5 548 7.4 .2 -- .205 -- -- -- -- -- 

 *14... 5.49 .10 22.8 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 *17... 4.72 .10 25.6 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 *31... 3.20 .10 24.4 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

SEP 

 *06... 3.81 .10 23.9 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 *22... 5.03 .10 20.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 25... 5.10 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 25... -- .50 19.2 493 8.6 9.3 3.67 .013 -- -- -- -- -- 

 25... -- 17.0 8.5 519 8.0 5.7 -- .011 -- -- -- -- -- 

 25... -- 50.0 4.6 521 7.9 7.6 -- .084 -- -- -- -- -- 

 25... -- 63.0 4.6 527 7.7 2.3 -- .154 -- -- -- -- -- 

 25... -- 66.0 4.6 537 7.6 .2 -- .244 -- -- -- -- -- 

 25... -- 67.0 4.5 550 7.4 .1 -- .270 -- -- -- -- -- 

 Nitrate Turbdty Appar- ANC, 

 + white ent wat unf 

 nitrite light, color, Hard- Magnes- Potas- fixed Chlor- Silica, 

 water, det ang water, ness, Calcium ium, Sodium, sium, end pt, ide, Sulfate water, Iron, 

 fltrd, 90+/-30 unfltrd water, water, water, water, water, lab, water, water, fltrd, water,

 Date mg/L degrees Pt-Co mg/L as fltrd, fltrd, fltrd, fltrd, mg/L as fltrd, fltrd, mg/L as fltrd,

 as N NTU units CaCO3 mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L CaCO3 mg/L mg/L SiO2 ug/L 

 (00631) (63675) (00081) (00900) (00915) (00925) (00930) (00935) (00417) (00940) (00945) (00955) (01046)

 

MAY 2013 

 07... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 07... .278 1.9 10 231 34.7 35.1 19.7 3.53 192 38 28.2 .900 <.100 

 07... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

AUG 

 13... <.019 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 
80

434756089020500 GREEN LAKE AT DEEP HOLE NEAR GREEN LAKE, WI

WATER-QUALITY DATA, MAY 7 TO SEPTEMBER 25, 2013

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

 Dis- 

 solved

 Manga- solids

 nese, dried @

 water, 180degC

 Date fltrd, wat flt

 ug/L mg/L 

 (01056) (70300)

 

MAY 2013 

 07... -- -- 

 07... <1.00 266 

 07... -- -- 
81

434756089020500 GREEN LAKE AT DEEP HOLE NEAR GREEN LAKE, WI

LAKE-DEPTH PROFILES, MAY 7 TO SEPTEMBER 25, 2013 

0 10 20 30

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

0 10 20

0 10 20 30

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

0 10 20

SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELSIUS

05-07-13 06-27-13

0 10 20 30

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

0 10 20

07-25-13

DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

0 10 20 30

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

0 10 20

0 10 20 30

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

0 10 20

08-13-13 09-25-13

400 450 500 550 600

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

6 7 8 9 10

400 450 500 550 600

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

6 7 8 9 10

WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELSIUS

400 450 500 550 600

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

6 7 8 9 10

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS

400 450 500 550 600

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

6 7 8 9 10

400 450 500 550 600

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

6 7 8 9 10

W.T.

D.O.

S.C. pH

DEPTH, IN METERS DEPTH, IN METERS
82

 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Total Phosphorus

Chlorophyll a

Secchi depth

Eutrophic

 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

USGS

CITIZEN MONITORING

 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 0

10

20

30

40

50

60

 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 0.00

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.10

0.12

CHLOROPHYLL a CONCENTRATION, IN MICROGRAMS PER LITER SECCHI DEPTH, IN METERS TROPHIC STATE INDEX

Surface total phosphorus, chlorophyll a concentrations, Secchi depths,

and TSI data for Green Lake, Deep Hole, near Green Lake, Wisconsin.

Mesotrophic

TOTAL PHOSPHORUS CONCENTRATION, IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

Oligotrophic
83

434928088570000 GREEN LAKE AT EAST END NEAR GREEN LAKE, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 43°49'28", long 88°57'00", in SE 1⁄4 SE 1⁄4 sec.28, T.16 N., R.13 E., Green Lake County, Hydrologic Unit 04030201, about one mile southeast of 

the City of Green Lake.

SURFACE AREA.--11.48 mi2

. 

PERIOD OF RECORD.--May 2004 current year. Lake sampled by Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources prior to 2004.

REMARKS.--Water-quality analyses done by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene. A “*” indicates data that were collected by Mary Jane Bumby, Citizen Lake 

Monitoring Volunteer.

WATER-QUALITY DATA, MAY 7 TO SEPTEMBER 25, 2013 

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

 Specif- Chloro- 

 ic pH, phyll a Phos- 

 Trans- conduc- water, trichro phorus,

 parency Sam- Temper- tance, unfltrd Dis- -matic water,

 Secchi pling ature, wat unf field, solved method, unfltrd

 Date disc, depth, water, uS/cm @ std oxygen, uncorr, mg/L 

 meters meters deg C 25 degC units mg/L ug/L as P 

 (00078) (00098) (00010) (00095) (00400) (00300) (32210) (00665)

 

MAY 2013 

 07... 5.60 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 07... -- .50 8.7 514 8.4 13.8 3.03 .030 

 07... -- 31.5 4.1 516 8.3 12.0 -- .044 

JUN 

 *11... 3.20 .10 20.0 -- -- -- -- -- 

 *17... 10.7 .10 20.0 -- -- -- -- -- 

 *19... 10.4 .10 19.4 -- -- -- -- -- 

 27... 8.00 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 27... -- .50 22.8 503 8.7 8.7 2.34 .011 

 27... -- 32.0 5.2 515 7.9 9.4 -- .054 

 *27... 10.7 .10 24.4 -- -- -- -- -- 

JUL 

 *07... 6.10 .10 30.0 -- -- -- -- -- 

 *11... 5.03 .10 26.7 -- -- -- -- -- 

 *20... 4.88 .10 28.9 -- -- -- -- -- 

 25... 4.80 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 25... -- .50 24.9 494 8.8 9.3 8.46 .014 

 25... -- 30.0 5.2 513 8.0 9.1 -- .060 

 *31... 4.88 .10 23.9 -- -- -- -- -- 

 
84

434928088570000 GREEN LAKE AT EAST END NEAR GREEN LAKE, WI

WATER-QUALITY DATA, MAY 7 TO SEPTEMBER 25, 2013

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

 Specif- Chloro- 

 ic pH, phyll a Phos- 

 Trans- conduc- water, trichro phorus,

 parency Sam- Temper- tance, unfltrd Dis- -matic water,

 Secchi pling ature, wat unf field, solved method, unfltrd

 Date disc, depth, water, uS/cm @ std oxygen, uncorr, mg/L 

 meters meters deg C 25 degC units mg/L ug/L as P 

 (00078) (00098) (00010) (00095) (00400) (00300) (32210) (00665)

AUG 

 *03... 5.49 .10 23.3 -- -- -- -- -- 

 *08... 4.88 .10 23.3 -- -- -- -- -- 

 13... 4.55 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 13... -- .50 22.9 500 8.8 9.1 6.28 .018 

 13... -- 32.0 5.2 517 8.0 8.4 -- .070 

 *14... 3.66 .10 23.9 -- -- -- -- -- 

 *17... 3.96 .10 30.0 -- -- -- -- -- 

 *31... 1.68 .10 25.0 -- -- -- -- -- 

SEP 

 *06... 3.81 .10 25.6 -- -- -- -- -- 

 *22... 5.03 .10 18.9 -- -- -- -- -- 

 25... 4.70 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 25... -- .50 19.0 494 8.7 9.1 3.06 .017 

 25... -- 31.0 5.3 522 8.0 6.8 -- .061 
85

434928088570000 GREEN LAKE AT EAST END NEAR GREEN LAKE, WI

LAKE-DEPTH PROFILES, MAY 7 TO SEPTEMBER 25, 2013

0 10 20 30

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

0 10 20

0 10 20 30

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

0 10 20

SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELSIUS

05-07-13 06-27-13

0 10 20 30

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

0 10 20

0 10 20 30

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

0 10 20

07-25-13

DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

0 10 20 30

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

0 10 20

08-13-13 09-25-13

400 450 500 550 600

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

6 7 8 9 10

400 450 500 550 600

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

6 7 8 9 10

WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELSIUS

400 450 500 550 600

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

6 7 8 9 10

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS

400 450 500 550 600

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

6 7 8 9 10

400 450 500 550 600

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

6 7 8 9 10

W.T.

D.O.

S.C.

pH

DEPTH, IN METERS DEPTH, IN METERS
86

 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 20

30

40

50

60

70

Total Phosphorus

Chlorophyll a

Secchi depth

Eutrophic

 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

USGS

CITIZEN MONITORING

 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 0

10

20

30

40

50

60

 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 0.00

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.10

CHLOROPHYLL a CONCENTRATION, IN MICROGRAMS PER LITER SECCHI DEPTH, IN METERS TROPHIC STATE INDEX

Surface total phosphorus, chlorophyll a concentrations, Secchi depths,

 and TSI data for Green Lake, East End, near Green Lake, Wisconsin.

Mesotrophic

TOTAL PHOSPHORUS CONCENTRATION, IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

Oligotrophic
87

05401063 LAKE HURON NEAR PLAINFIELD, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 44°11'44.3", long 89°25'02.9" referenced to North American Datum of 1983, in NW 1⁄4 SE 1⁄4 NW 1⁄4 sec.22, T.20 N., 

R.9 E., Waushara County, WI, Hydrologic Unit 07070003. 

DRAINAGE AREA.--8.34 mi2. 

PERIOD OF RECORD.--May 2010 to current year. Working records from May 1978 to April 2010 in USGS database. 

GAGE.--Water-stage recorder installed November 15, 2012. Local datum used. Prior to November 15, 2012 staff gage was read 

periodically by observer. 

COOPERATION.--Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. 

EXTREMES FOR PERIOD OF RECORD.--Maximum daily gage height, 89.01 ft., June 28, 2011; miminum daily gage height, 84.80 ft., 

Sept. 30, 2013.

 

EXTREMES FOR CURRENT YEAR.--Maximum daily gage height, 86.64 ft., Jun. 23, 2013; miminum daily gage height, 84.80 ft., Sept.

 30, 2013.

GAGE HEIGHT, FEET

WATER YEAR OCTOBER 2012 TO SEPTEMBER 2013

DAILY MEAN VALUES

Day Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep 

1 --- --- 85.13 85.26 85.39 85.44 85.52 86.08 86.40 86.60 85.98 85.34 

2 --- --- 85.13 85.26 85.39 85.43 85.52 86.08 86.39 86.58 85.95 85.31 

3 85.11 --- 85.14 85.26 85.39 85.43 85.52 86.11 86.38 86.56 85.93 85.27 

4 --- 85.20 85.15 85.25 85.39 85.42 85.52 86.13 86.39 86.55 85.90 85.24 

5 --- --- 85.14 85.25 85.39 85.43 85.52 86.14 86.41 86.53 85.88 85.21 

6 --- --- 85.14 85.25 85.39 85.45 85.54 86.14 86.46 86.52 85.85 85.18 

7 85.04 --- 85.13 85.25 85.40 85.44 85.55 86.14 86.46 86.51 85.87 85.15 

8 --- --- 85.13 85.25 85.41 85.44 85.56 86.14 86.46 86.54 85.85 85.13 

9 --- --- 85.14 85.25 85.40 85.44 85.60 86.15 86.46 86.54 85.82 85.11 

10 --- --- 85.15 85.25 85.42 85.48 85.74 86.19 86.46 86.53 85.80 85.09 

11 85.02 --- 85.15 85.28 85.45 85.53 85.77 86.19 86.46 86.50 85.78 85.09 

12 --- 85.26 85.15 85.28 85.44 85.53 85.80 86.18 86.46 86.48 85.77 85.06 

13 --- --- 85.14 85.28 85.44 85.53 85.81 86.18 86.46 86.46 85.75 85.02 

14 --- --- 85.14 85.27 85.45 85.52 85.82 86.18 86.45 86.43 85.72 84.99 

15 85.28 85.24 85.17 85.27 85.45 85.52 85.86 86.18 86.49 86.41 85.70 85.01 

16 --- 85.23 85.21 85.27 85.44 85.54 85.87 86.17 86.53 86.40 85.67 84.99 

17 --- 85.22 85.20 85.27 85.43 85.53 85.88 86.18 86.53 86.38 85.65 84.97 

18 85.30 85.22 85.20 85.27 85.43 85.54 85.93 86.19 86.51 86.35 85.63 84.95 

19 --- --- 85.20 85.27 85.44 85.55 85.96 86.20 86.50 86.33 85.61 84.95 

20 --- --- 85.25 85.27 85.43 85.54 85.96 86.22 86.49 86.29 85.58 84.96 

21 85.30 --- 85.27 85.27 85.42 85.53 85.98 86.25 86.53 86.27 85.59 84.94 

22 --- --- 85.26 85.26 85.45 85.53 86.01 86.27 86.56 86.26 85.58 84.91 

23 --- --- 85.26 85.26 85.46 85.52 86.02 86.28 86.64 86.23 85.56 84.89 

24 --- --- 85.25 85.26 85.45 85.52 86.03 86.27 86.63 86.19 85.53 84.87 

25 --- --- 85.25 85.26 85.45 85.52 86.03 86.27 86.63 86.16 85.51 84.86 

26 85.31 --- 85.24 85.26 85.44 85.51 86.04 86.26 86.63 86.14 85.49 84.84 

27 --- --- 85.24 85.28 85.44 85.51 86.05 86.27 86.64 86.11 85.47 84.83 

28 --- --- 85.25 85.31 85.44 85.50 86.06 86.30 86.63 86.08 85.45 84.82 

29 85.29 --- 85.26 85.34 --- 85.50 86.06 86.31 86.63 86.04 85.42 84.82 

30 --- --- 85.26 85.38 --- 85.51 86.08 86.38 86.62 86.02 85.40 84.80 

31 --- --- 85.26 85.40 --- 85.52 --- 86.40 --- 86.00 85.37 ---

Mean --- --- 85.19 85.28 85.43 85.50 85.82 86.21 86.51 86.35 85.68 85.02 

Max --- --- 85.27 85.40 85.46 85.55 86.08 86.40 86.64 86.60 85.98 85.34 

Min --- --- 85.13 85.25 85.39 85.42 85.52 86.08 86.38 86.00 85.37 84.80 
88

 2010 2011 2012 2013 80

85

90

GAGE HEIGHT, IN FEET

 

 Stage hydrograph for Lake Huron near Plainfield, 2010-2013.
89

425715089164700 LAKE KEGONSA AT BARBER DRIVE NEAR STOUGHTON, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 42°57′15′′, long 89°16′47′′ referenced to North American Datum of 1927, in SW 1⁄4 NE 1⁄4 NE 1⁄4 sec.26, T.6 N., R.10 E., 

Dane County, WI, Hydrologic Unit 07090001, on downstream side of bridge on Barber Drive, 3.5 mi northwest of Stoughton. 

SURFACE AREA.--1.05 mi2

. 

DRAINAGE AREA.--386 mi2

. 

PERIOD OF RECORD.--October 2003 to current year. 

GAGE.--Water-stage recorder. Datum of gage is 840.00 ft above sea level (levels from Wisconsin Department of Transportation 

benchmark). 

EXTREMES FOR PERIOD OF RECORD.--Maximum gage height observed, 5.73 ft, June 16, 2008; minimum observed, 2.07 ft, Jan.27, 

2006. 

EXTREMES FOR CURRENT YEAR.--Maximum gage height observed, 5.20 ft, June 30 and July 1; minimum observed, 2.43 ft, Jan. 27 

and 28. 

GAGE HEIGHT, FEET

WATER YEAR OCTOBER 2012 TO SEPTEMBER 2013

DAILY MEAN VALUES

Day Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep 

1 2.89 3.31 2.78 2.72 2.83 3.01 3.44 3.85 3.48 5.20 3.66 3.30 

2 2.90 3.23 2.79 2.71 2.87 2.99 3.50 3.81 3.46 5.16 3.65 3.27 

3 2.90 3.15 2.79 2.68 2.88 2.97 3.52 3.79 3.44 5.11 3.61 3.25 

4 2.89 3.08 2.79 2.66 2.93 2.94 3.52 3.78 3.43 5.06 3.56 3.24 

5 2.88 3.00 2.79 2.64 2.94 2.94 3.51 3.75 3.42 5.00 3.50 3.25 

6 2.87 2.94 2.78 2.62 2.97 2.95 3.48 3.72 3.41 4.94 3.44 3.23 

7 2.87 2.89 2.78 2.60 2.99 2.93 3.46 3.69 3.40 4.88 3.39 3.23 

8 2.86 2.87 2.77 2.58 3.03 2.92 3.47 3.65 3.38 4.84 3.33 3.24 

9 2.85 2.87 2.79 2.57 3.02 3.00 3.54 3.63 3.36 4.80 3.25 3.22 

10 2.85 2.86 2.80 2.56 3.03 3.18 3.78 3.73 3.36 4.76 3.20 3.22 

11 2.85 2.88 2.79 2.58 3.07 3.42 3.97 3.73 3.35 4.71 3.15 3.23 

12 2.86 2.90 2.78 2.59 3.08 3.52 4.05 3.74 3.36 4.66 3.13 3.23 

13 2.89 2.89 2.78 2.60 3.11 3.55 4.10 3.73 3.46 4.60 3.13 3.22 

14 3.01 2.88 2.78 2.58 3.14 3.54 4.15 3.70 3.48 4.54 3.11 3.20 

15 3.08 2.88 2.80 2.59 3.15 3.51 4.20 3.66 3.50 4.48 3.10 3.25 

16 3.09 2.87 2.82 2.58 3.15 3.46 4.22 3.64 3.55 4.42 3.13 3.28 

17 3.11 2.86 2.82 2.57 3.15 3.39 4.24 3.63 3.59 4.37 3.23 3.27 

18 3.18 2.86 2.82 2.55 3.14 3.34 4.35 3.62 3.60 4.31 3.33 3.29 

19 3.20 2.86 2.82 2.54 3.14 3.30 4.36 3.61 3.58 4.23 3.42 3.40 

20 3.22 2.86 2.93 2.51 3.11 3.25 4.38 3.60 3.57 4.17 3.39 3.53 

21 3.23 2.85 2.92 2.50 3.10 3.21 4.37 3.59 3.56 4.14 3.39 3.52 

22 3.27 2.84 2.86 2.50 3.10 3.17 4.33 3.58 3.83 4.15 3.46 3.52 

23 3.32 2.82 2.84 2.49 3.09 3.15 4.30 3.57 3.98 4.10 3.51 3.50 

24 3.35 2.82 2.84 2.47 3.07 3.12 4.25 3.54 4.03 4.03 3.50 3.49 

25 3.37 2.81 2.83 2.45 3.05 3.09 4.18 3.50 4.27 3.96 3.47 3.47 

26 3.39 2.80 2.81 2.44 3.03 3.07 4.11 3.46 4.66 3.93 3.46 3.46 

27 3.42 2.79 2.80 2.43 3.04 3.06 4.06 3.43 4.83 3.89 3.44 3.44 

28 3.45 2.78 2.79 2.43 3.04 3.09 4.01 3.44 4.95 3.82 3.43 3.42 

29 3.48 2.78 2.78 2.65 --- 3.15 3.95 3.46 5.12 3.77 3.40 3.44 

30 3.49 2.78 2.76 2.73 --- 3.24 3.89 3.47 5.20 3.72 3.37 3.42 

31 3.39 --- 2.74 2.78 --- 3.35 --- 3.49 --- 3.69 3.34 ---

Mean 3.11 2.90 2.81 2.58 3.04 3.19 3.96 3.63 3.79 4.43 3.37 3.33 

Max 3.49 3.31 2.93 2.78 3.15 3.55 4.38 3.85 5.20 5.20 3.66 3.53 

Min 2.85 2.78 2.74 2.43 2.83 2.92 3.44 3.43 3.35 3.69 3.10 3.20 
90

 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 1

2

3

4

5

6

GAGE HEIGHT, IN FEET

 

 Stage hydrograph for Lake Kegonsa, 1993-2013.
91

05427235 LAKE KOSHKONONG NEAR NEWVILLE, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 42°51′27′′, long 88°56′27′′ referenced to North American Datum of 1927, in NW 1⁄4 NE 1⁄4 sec.34, T.5 N., R.13 E., 

Jefferson County, WI, Hydrologic Unit 07090001, 80 ft east of Pottawatomi Trail Bridge at Bingham Point Estates, and 4.5 mi 

northeast of Newville. 

SURFACE AREA.—16.34 mi2.

DRAINAGE AREA.--2,560 mi2

. 

PERIOD OF RECORD.--July 1987 to current year. 

GAGE.--Water-stage recorder. Datum of gage is 769.77 ft above NAVD of 1988 (Wisconsin Department of Transportation bench mark). 

REMARKS.--Lake level regulated by dam at Indianford. Gage-height telemeter at station. 

EXTREMES FOR PERIOD OF RECORD.--Maximum recorded gage height, 15.13 ft, June 21, 22, 2008; minimum recorded, 4.98 ft, 

Dec. 6 and 9, 2012. 

EXTREMES FOR CURRENT YEAR.--Maximum recorded gage height, 12.38 ft, Apr. 23; minimum recorded gage height, 4.98 ft, Dec. 6 

and 9, 2012. 

GAGE HEIGHT, FEET

WATER YEAR OCTOBER 2012 TO SEPTEMBER 2013

DAILY MEAN VALUES

Day Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep 

1 5.99 5.84 5.05 5.58 6.56 6.96 9.21 11.34 9.16 9.96 6.75 6.20 

2 5.99 5.78 5.06 5.57 6.67 6.91 9.38 11.17 9.14 9.91 6.70 6.18 

3 5.99 5.72 5.05 5.56 6.74 6.87 9.50 11.01 9.08 9.84 6.65 6.15 

4 6.00 5.68 5.08 5.55 6.80 6.82 9.57 10.85 9.03 9.75 6.57 6.14 

5 6.01 5.63 5.04 5.53 6.83 6.79 9.62 10.71 8.96 9.63 6.50 6.12 

6 6.00 5.59 5.02 5.52 6.84 6.76 9.63 10.56 8.90 9.51 6.45 6.10 

7 5.99 5.57 5.04 5.50 6.85 6.70 9.64 10.42 8.83 9.37 6.41 6.09 

8 5.96 5.52 5.03 5.48 6.86 6.65 9.69 10.27 8.74 9.25 6.33 6.06 

9 6.00 5.49 5.04 5.46 6.83 6.60 9.78 10.15 8.64 9.13 6.27 6.05 

10 6.03 5.42 5.09 5.45 6.81 6.63 9.98 10.15 8.56 9.02 6.22 6.08 

11 6.02 5.42 5.07 5.49 6.86 6.78 10.31 10.11 8.46 8.85 6.24 6.12 

12 6.01 5.51 5.06 5.55 6.90 7.06 10.67 10.09 8.39 8.69 6.28 6.16 

13 6.04 5.44 5.08 5.67 6.95 7.39 10.97 10.04 8.42 8.53 6.23 6.14 

14 6.15 5.41 5.11 5.77 7.00 7.73 11.19 9.99 8.34 8.38 6.17 6.14 

15 6.18 5.41 5.13 5.87 7.06 8.01 11.38 9.94 8.30 8.24 6.13 6.20 

16 6.17 5.41 5.20 5.94 7.10 8.20 11.53 9.86 8.31 8.09 6.15 6.23 

17 6.22 5.39 5.22 6.01 7.13 8.33 11.63 9.78 8.30 7.94 6.16 6.24 

18 6.29 5.36 5.24 6.06 7.15 8.44 11.88 9.71 8.27 7.76 6.16 6.25 

19 6.35 5.35 5.27 6.10 7.19 8.52 12.08 9.62 8.23 7.59 6.16 6.21 

20 6.38 5.32 5.49 6.12 7.19 8.56 12.24 9.55 8.19 7.44 6.15 6.24 

21 6.39 5.29 5.51 6.11 7.18 8.57 12.31 9.46 8.16 7.33 6.14 6.20 

22 6.45 5.27 5.47 6.10 7.17 8.56 12.35 9.40 8.31 7.35 6.19 6.15 

23 6.49 5.38 5.49 6.07 7.15 8.55 12.35 9.37 8.37 7.27 6.23 6.12 

24 6.40 5.22 5.51 6.03 7.12 8.54 12.30 9.30 8.42 7.20 6.23 6.10 

25 6.34 5.20 5.53 5.99 7.09 8.52 12.21 9.25 8.67 7.13 6.24 6.09 

26 6.29 5.18 5.55 5.94 7.05 8.51 12.09 9.20 9.11 7.09 6.24 6.07 

27 6.21 5.14 5.57 5.90 7.04 8.54 11.98 9.15 9.53 7.07 6.25 6.05 

28 6.12 5.11 5.58 5.88 7.00 8.59 11.84 9.17 9.76 6.99 6.24 6.04 

29 6.05 5.09 5.59 6.02 --- 8.68 11.68 9.18 9.90 6.91 6.23 6.12 

30 6.03 5.07 5.59 6.24 --- 8.83 11.50 9.15 9.97 6.82 6.22 6.16 

31 5.93 --- 5.59 6.42 --- 9.01 --- 9.17 --- 6.79 6.20 ---

Mean 6.14 5.41 5.27 5.82 6.97 7.79 11.02 9.91 8.75 8.22 6.29 6.14 

Max 6.49 5.84 5.59 6.42 7.19 9.01 12.35 11.34 9.97 9.96 6.75 6.25 
92

 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

GAGE HEIGHT, IN FEET

 Stage hydrograph for Lake Koshkonong, 1987-2013.
93

441257089071500 LONG LAKE NEAR SAXEVILLE, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 44°12'56.6", long 89°07'14.6" referenced to North American Datum of 1983, in SE 1⁄4 SW 1⁄4 sec.7, T.20 N., R.12 E., 

Waushara County, WI, Hydrologic Unit 04030202. 

DRAINAGE AREA.-- 

PERIOD OF RECORD.--April 2010 to current year. 

GAGE.--A staff gage is periodically read by an observer, and reported in local datum. 

COOPERATION.--Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. 

REMARKS.--Lake has no outlet. 

EXTREMES FOR PERIOD OF RECORD.--Maximum observed gage height, 84.66 ft May 6, 2012; miminum observed gage height, 

82.72 ft Apr. 23, 2010. 

EXTREMES FOR CURRENT YEAR.--Maximum observed gage height, 84.64 ft Jun 28, 2013; miminum observed gage height, 83.24 ft

 Oct. 6, 2012.

GAGE HEIGHT, FEET

WATER YEAR OCTOBER 2012 TO SEPTEMBER 2013

DAILY MEAN VALUES

Day Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep 

1 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

2 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

3 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

4 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

5 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 84.50 84.26 ---

6 83.24 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 84.18 

7 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 84.39 --- --- ---

8 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

9 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 84.27 ---

10 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

11 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 84.55 --- ---

12 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

13 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

14 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 84.40 --- --- ---

15 83.66 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 84.25 

16 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 84.24 --- --- 84.21 ---

17 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

18 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

19 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 84.50 --- ---

20 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

21 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

22 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

23 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 84.59 --- 84.22 84.35 

24 83.72 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

25 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

26 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 84.43 --- ---

27 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

28 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 84.64 --- --- 84.06 

29 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

30 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 84.25 ---

31 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 84.32 --- --- --- ---

Mean --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

Max --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

Min --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
94

 2010 2011 2012 2013 80

85

90

 

GAGE HEIGHT, IN FEET

 

 Stage hydrograph for Long Lake, 2010-2013.
95

05428000 LAKE MENDOTA AT MADISON, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 43°05′42′′, long 89°22′12′′ referenced to North American Datum of 1927, in NW 1⁄4 SE 1⁄4 sec.12, T.7 N., R.9 E., Dane 

County, WI, Hydrologic Unit 07090001, in county boat house at dam at outlet, in Madison. 

SURFACE AREA.—15.2 mi2

. 

DRAINAGE AREA.--233 mi2 of which 36.6 mi2 probably is noncontributing. 

PERIOD OF RECORD.--January 1916 to January 1985 (incomplete), February 1985 to current year. 

REVISED RECORDS.--WDR WI-73-1: Drainage area. 

GAGE.--Water-stage recorder. Datum of gage is 840.00 ft above NGVD of 1929, or 5.60 ft below City of Madison datum. Prior to Oct. 1, 

1979, gage datum was 847.82 ft; prior to Nov. 15, 1971, nonrecording gage at same site at the higher datum. 

REMARKS.--Lake level regulated by concrete dam with two 12-foot gates and 20-foot lock at outlet. Gage-height telemeter at station. 

EXTREMES FOR PERIOD OF RECORD.--Maximum gage height observed, 12.75 ft, June 5, 2000; minimum observed, 8.02 ft, Feb. 24 

to Mar. 10, 1920, current datum. 

EXTREMES FOR CURRENT YEAR.--Maximum recorded gage height, 11.60 ft, June 29; minimum recorded, 8.50 ft, Jan. 27. 

GAGE HEIGHT, FEET

WATER YEAR OCTOBER 2012 TO SEPTEMBER 2013

DAILY MEAN VALUES

Day Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep 

1 9.10 9.48 8.81 8.64 9.06 9.38 10.09 10.37 10.34 11.56 10.16 9.94 

2 9.10 9.45 8.79 8.62 9.09 9.38 10.11 10.33 10.34 11.53 10.12 9.93 

3 9.10 9.43 8.77 8.62 9.10 9.37 10.11 10.32 10.30 11.51 10.09 9.92 

4 9.10 9.41 8.76 8.61 9.12 9.37 10.09 10.32 10.27 11.48 10.06 9.91 

5 9.08 9.39 8.72 8.59 9.12 9.39 10.07 10.29 10.27 11.44 10.02 9.89 

6 9.06 9.37 8.69 8.59 9.12 9.40 10.04 10.26 10.28 11.41 10.00 9.88 

7 9.03 9.37 8.67 8.58 9.14 9.39 10.01 10.22 10.27 11.37 9.98 9.88 

8 9.00 9.34 8.64 8.57 9.17 9.39 10.03 10.18 10.24 11.36 9.94 9.87 

9 9.00 9.33 8.63 8.56 9.17 9.39 10.11 10.16 10.21 11.35 9.91 9.87 

10 9.01 9.31 8.64 8.56 9.19 9.50 10.29 10.27 10.23 11.35 9.89 9.88 

11 8.98 9.33 8.61 8.58 9.25 9.72 10.43 10.30 10.22 11.31 9.87 9.89 

12 8.96 9.38 8.58 8.60 9.28 9.93 10.51 10.28 10.22 11.26 9.89 9.89 

13 9.01 9.34 8.57 8.61 9.31 10.05 10.51 10.24 10.33 11.20 9.87 9.85 

14 9.17 9.30 8.57 8.61 9.33 10.11 10.51 10.21 10.32 11.15 9.84 9.83 

15 9.27 9.27 8.58 8.60 9.34 10.14 10.54 10.20 10.32 11.10 9.83 9.86 

16 9.27 9.25 8.62 8.60 9.34 10.14 10.54 10.16 10.33 11.06 9.83 9.88 

17 9.30 9.22 8.61 8.59 9.33 10.12 10.55 10.17 10.31 11.02 9.82 9.86 

18 9.35 9.19 8.61 8.59 9.34 10.10 10.71 10.19 10.27 10.96 9.81 9.86 

19 9.38 9.17 8.61 8.58 9.35 10.08 10.77 10.18 10.24 10.89 9.81 9.98 

20 9.40 9.15 8.75 8.57 9.34 10.04 10.76 10.23 10.20 10.82 9.80 10.15 

21 9.40 9.11 8.80 8.56 9.34 10.01 10.72 10.24 10.20 10.77 9.80 10.16 

22 9.43 9.09 8.74 8.55 9.35 9.98 10.70 10.23 10.27 10.78 9.88 10.15 

23 9.49 9.11 8.73 8.55 9.35 9.94 10.68 10.24 10.47 10.74 9.94 10.13 

24 9.51 9.01 8.72 8.54 9.34 9.91 10.64 10.21 10.58 10.66 9.94 10.12 

25 9.55 8.98 8.70 8.53 9.34 9.87 10.60 10.18 10.79 10.59 9.94 10.12 

26 9.58 8.95 8.69 8.52 9.34 9.83 10.55 10.14 11.12 10.54 9.94 10.11 

27 9.56 8.91 8.68 8.52 9.38 9.80 10.51 10.12 11.45 10.49 9.95 10.10 

28 9.54 8.88 8.67 8.53 9.39 9.81 10.48 10.18 11.54 10.41 9.95 10.09 

29 9.53 8.85 8.68 8.69 --- 9.85 10.44 10.21 11.58 10.33 9.95 10.11 

30 9.53 8.83 8.66 8.91 --- 9.93 10.40 10.27 11.58 10.26 9.95 10.09 

31 9.50 --- 8.65 9.02 --- 10.02 --- 10.33 --- 10.22 9.94 ---

Mean 9.27 9.21 8.68 8.61 9.26 9.79 10.42 10.23 10.50 11.00 9.93 9.97 

Max 9.58 9.48 8.81 9.02 9.39 10.14 10.77 10.37 11.58 11.56 10.16 10.16 

Min 8.96 8.83 8.57 8.52 9.06 9.37 10.01 10.12 10.20 10.22 9.80 9.83 
96

1916 1926 1936 1946 1956 1966 1976 1986 1996 2006 2016 0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

GAGE HEIGHT, IN FEET

DATUM CHANGE

 Stage hydrograph for Lake Mendota, 1916-2013.
97

430251088284700 MIDDLE GENESEE LAKE, AT GENESEE LAKE ROAD, NEAR OCONOMOWOC, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 43°02'51", long 88°28'47", in SW 1⁄4 SW 1⁄4 SW 1⁄4 sec.22, T. 7 N., R.17 E., Waukesha County, Hydrologic 

Unit 07090001, at the southwest side of the lake about 2 miles south of Oconomowoc.

SURFACE AREA.--0.17 mi2. 

DRAINAGE AREA.--Unknown.

PERIOD OF RECORD.--April 1996 to current year.

GAGE.--Staff gage. Local observer, Tom Schubring provided most readings of gage. Datum of gage is about 0.0 ft above 

NGVD of 1929.

EXTREMES FOR THE PERIOD OF RECORD.--Maximum observed gage height, 869.65 ft, July 12, 2008; minimum observed, 

863.88 ft, Oct. 31, 2005.

EXTREMES FOR CURRENT YEAR.--Maximum observed gage height, 867.79 ft, July 1; minimum observed, 864.00 ft, Oct. 

12. 

Date Gage Height, ft Date Gage Height, ft Date Gage Height, ft

October 1 864.16 July 1 867.79 August 16 867.15

7 864.08 3 867.77 19 867.09

10 864.02 6 867.73 21 867.03

12 864.00 9 867.69 22 867.15

14 864.12 12 867.67 26 867.07

15 864.16 16 867.59 29 866.99

18 864.18 19 867.55 31 867.08

23 864.28 21 867.47 September 1 867.05

25 864.30 22 867.51 3 866.99

31 864.24 24 867.45 7 866.91

November 1 864.22 29 867.39 14 866.77

6 864.20 31 867.41 18 866.73

12 864.22 August 3 867.35 20 866.77

15 864.23 7 867.29 25 866.65

20 864.16 10 867.23 30 866.63

21 864.19 14 867.19

GAGE HEIGHT, FT

WATER YEAR OCTOBER 2012 TO SEPTEMBER 2013
98

 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 860

861

862

863

864

865

866

867

868

869

870

GAGE HEIGHT, IN FEET

 

 Stage hydrograph for Middle Genesee Lake, 1996-2013.
99

05429000 LAKE MONONA AT MADISON, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 43°03′48′′, long 89°23′49′′ referenced to North American Datum of 1927, in SE 1⁄4 SW 1⁄4 sec.23, T.7 N., R.9 E., Dane 

County, WI, Hydrologic Unit 07090001, in Brittingham Park, in Madison. 

SURFACE AREA.--5.3 mi2

. 

DRAINAGE AREA.--279 mi2 of which 36.6 mi2 probably is noncontributing. 

PERIOD OF RECORD.--September 1915 to current year (fragmentary) in reports of the Geological Survey. For 1856 to March 1917 in 

reports of Wisconsin Railroad Commission, volume 19. 

REVISED RECORDS.--WSP 1338: Lake area. WDR WI-73-1: Drainage area. 

GAGE.--Water-stage recorder. Datum of gage is 840.00 ft above NGVD of 1929, or 5.60 ft below City of Madison datum. Prior to Oct. 1, 

1979, datum 843.61 ft; prior to Nov. 15, 1971, nonrecording gage at same site. 

REMARKS.--Lake level regulated by concrete dam with four 12-foot stop-log sections and 12-foot lock at outlet of Lake Waubesa. 

Gage-height telemeter at station. 

EXTREMES FOR PERIOD OF RECORD.--Maximum gage height observed, 7.92 ft, June 15, 2008; minimum observed, 3.22 ft, Jan. 

20, 1965, current datum. 

EXTREMES FOR CURRENT YEAR.--Maximum recorded gage height, 7.41 ft, June 29; minimum recorded, 4.21 ft, Oct. 11, 12, 2012 

and Jan. 26, 27, 2013. 
100

05429000 LAKE MONONA AT MADISON, WI

GAGE HEIGHT, FEET

WATER YEAR OCTOBER 2012 TO SEPTEMBER 2013

DAILY MEAN VALUES

Day Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep 

1 4.33 4.77 4.70 4.42 4.75 4.49 5.35 5.75 5.53 7.35 6.45 5.22

2 4.33 4.77 4.70 4.40 4.74 4.46 5.37 5.70 5.48 7.29 6.42 5.19

3 4.33 4.78 4.70 4.39 4.71 4.45 5.37 5.73 5.45 7.22 6.35 5.16 

4 4.32 4.79 4.69 4.37 4.69 4.43 5.38 5.74 5.44 7.16 6.29 5.12 

5 4.29 4.79 4.68 4.35 4.67 4.45 5.39 5.71 5.43 7.09 6.24 5.12 

6 4.26 4.80 4.69 4.34 4.64 4.45 5.41 5.68 5.42 7.03 6.20 5.09 

7 4.25 4.81 4.68 4.32 4.64 4.44 5.41 5.65 5.40 6.97 6.16 5.06 

8 4.24 4.80 4.68 4.30 4.64 4.42 5.46 5.62 5.39 6.95 6.12 5.04 

9 4.24 4.79 4.70 4.28 4.62 4.43 5.62 5.60 5.40 6.92 6.07 5.01 

10 4.23 4.77 4.71 4.27 4.64 4.60 5.92 5.74 5.43 6.89 6.01 4.99 

11 4.21 4.79 4.69 4.30 4.75 4.85 6.11 5.71 5.43 6.84 5.96 4.98 

12 4.21 4.80 4.66 4.33 4.75 4.96 6.16 5.65 5.48 6.80 5.93 4.96 

13 4.30 4.78 4.63 4.33 4.74 5.01 6.14 5.61 5.66 6.75 5.86 4.92 

14 4.51 4.79 4.60 4.32 4.73 5.04 6.14 5.57 5.70 6.71 5.79 4.88 

15 4.66 4.79 4.61 4.32 4.70 5.07 6.16 5.52 5.72 6.68 5.73 4.92 

16 4.68 4.79 4.61 4.31 4.67 5.11 6.13 5.48 5.74 6.65 5.67 4.92 

17 4.70 4.79 4.59 4.29 4.64 5.12 6.15 5.51 5.77 6.62 5.62 4.90 

18 4.77 4.79 4.58 4.28 4.63 5.15 6.34 5.48 5.79 6.59 5.56 4.90 

19 4.80 4.79 4.56 4.27 4.62 5.16 6.34 5.45 5.79 6.56 5.50 5.00 

20 4.79 4.79 4.64 4.26 4.59 5.15 6.31 5.49 5.79 6.55 5.46 5.17 

21 4.79 4.79 4.63 4.25 4.57 5.14 6.26 5.45 5.86 6.57 5.41 5.16 

22 4.82 4.78 4.64 4.23 4.57 5.14 6.21 5.41 5.99 6.63 5.45 5.14 

23 4.89 4.73 4.65 4.23 4.55 5.14 6.14 5.39 6.18 6.62 5.47 5.13 

24 4.90 4.72 4.63 4.22 4.52 5.14 6.06 5.34 6.22 6.59 5.43 5.12 

25 4.93 4.72 4.60 4.22 4.50 5.14 6.00 5.31 6.53 6.57 5.39 5.11 

26 4.93 4.70 4.56 4.21 4.49 5.13 5.95 5.29 6.99 6.57 5.37 5.10 

27 4.92 4.69 4.54 4.21 4.51 5.14 5.91 5.27 7.26 6.53 5.33 5.09 

28 4.91 4.69 4.52 4.22 4.50 5.15 5.86 5.33 7.35 6.50 5.32 5.08 

29 4.88 4.69 4.49 4.44 --- 5.19 5.82 5.38 7.41 6.48 5.29 5.09 

30 4.83 4.70 4.46 4.70 --- 5.25 5.78 5.47 7.40 6.48 5.27 5.07 

31 4.79 --- 4.45 4.74 --- 5.31 --- 5.54 --- 6.47 5.25 ---

Mean 4.58 4.77 4.62 4.33 4.63 4.91 5.89 5.53 5.95 6.76 5.75 5.05 

Max 4.93 4.81 4.71 4.74 4.75 5.31 6.34 5.75 7.41 7.35 6.45 5.22 

Min 4.21 4.69 4.45 4.21 4.49 4.42 5.35 5.27 5.39 6.47 5.25 4.88 
101

1916 1926 1936 1946 1956 1966 1976 1986 1996 2006 2016 0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

GAGE HEIGHT, IN FEET

DATUM CHANGE

 Stage hydrograph for Lake Monona, 1915-2013.
102

05545000 NORTH LAKE NEAR ELKHORN, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 42°44′38′′, long 88°37′45′′ referenced to North American Datum of 1927, Walworth County, WI, Hydrologic Unit 

07120006. 

DRAINAGE AREA.--10.80 mi2 of which 10.79 mi2 probably is noncontributing. 

PERIOD OF RECORD.--May 1937 to current year. 

GAGE.--A staff gage is periodically read by an observer, and reported in local datum.

 

COOPERATION.--Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. 

EXTREMES FOR PERIOD OF RECORD.--Maximum observed gage height, 15.62 ft June 22, 1974; miminum observed gage height, 

5.81 ft Dec. 1, 1958. 

EXTREMES FOR CURRENT YEAR.--Maximum observed gage height, 12.01 ft Jul. 9, 2013; miminum observed gage height, 10.12 ft

 Oct. 12, 2012.

GAGE HEIGHT, FEET

WATER YEAR OCTOBER 2012 TO SEPTEMBER 2013

DAILY MEAN VALUES

Day Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep 

1 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

2 --- 10.28 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 11.99 --- ---

3 10.17 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

4 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

5 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

6 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 11.97 ---

7 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 11.46 --- --- ---

8 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

9 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 12.01 --- ---

10 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

11 --- 10.25 --- --- --- --- --- --- 11.43 --- --- ---

12 10.12 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 11.86 

13 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

14 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 11.83 

15 10.23 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

16 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 11.93 --- ---

17 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

18 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 11.47 --- --- ---

19 10.28 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

20 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 12.00 

21 --- 10.23 --- --- --- --- --- 11.42 --- --- --- ---

22 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 11.41 --- --- --- ---

23 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

24 10.36 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 11.97 --- ---

25 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 11.45 --- --- 11.96 

26 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

27 --- 10.19 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

28 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 11.43 --- --- --- ---

29 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

30 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

31 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

Mean --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

Max --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

Min --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
103

 1937 1940 1943 1946 1949 1952 1955 1958 1961 1964 1967 1970 1973 1976 1979 1982 1985 1988 1991 1994 1997 2000 2003 2006 2009 2012 0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

 

GAGE HEIGHT, IN FEET

 

 Stage hydrograph for North Lake, 1937-2013.
104

430551088273500 OCONOMOWOC LAKE NO. 1 (CENTER) AT OCONOMOWOC, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 43°05'51", long 88°27'35", in NW 1⁄4 SE 1⁄4 sec.2, T.7 N., R.17 E., Waukesha County, Hydrologic Unit 07090001, at Oconomowoc.

SURFACE AREA.--1.20 mi2

. 

PERIOD OF RECORD.--March 1986 to current year.

REMARKS.--Lake sampled near center at the deep hole. Water-quality analyses done by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene.

WATER-QUALITY DATA, FEBRUARY 21 TO AUGUST 28, 2013

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

 Specif- Chloro- Ortho- Ammonia Nitrate

 ic pH, phyll a Phos- phos- Total + + 

 Trans- conduc- water, trichro phorus, phate, nitro- Ammonia org-N, nitrite

 parency Sam- Temper- tance, unfltrd Dis- -matic water, water, gen, water, water, water,

 Secchi pling ature, wat unf field, solved method, unfltrd fltrd, water, fltrd, unfltrd fltrd,

 Date disc, depth, water, uS/cm @ std oxygen, uncorr, mg/L mg/L unfltrd mg/L mg/L mg/L 

 meters meters deg C 25 degC units mg/L ug/L as P as P mg/L as N as N as N 

 (00078) (00098) (00010) (00095) (00400) (00300) (32210) (00665) (00671) (00600) (00608) (00625) (00631)

 

FEB 2013 

 21... 5.4 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 21... -- .50 2.2 610 7.8 13.3 -- .011 -- -- -- -- -- 

 21... -- 17.0 2.7 606 7.8 12.2 -- .010 -- -- -- -- -- 

MAY 

 14... 12.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 14... -- .50 14.5 579 8.3 10.2 .446 .013 <.006 .61 .044 .41 .196 

JUN 

 28... 6.00 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 28... -- .50 24.9 564 8.4 8.4 2.47 .013 -- -- -- -- -- 

 28... -- 18.0 6.5 588 7.8 3.9 -- .036 -- -- -- -- -- 

JUL 

 30... 2.35 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 30... -- .50 23.1 562 8.5 9.1 4.81 .010 -- -- -- -- -- 

 30... -- 17.0 6.9 587 7.7 .9 -- .012 -- -- -- -- -- 

AUG 

 28... 1.95 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 28... -- .50 26.9 567 8.5 9.1 2.33 .013 -- -- -- -- -- 

 28... -- 18.0 6.8 610 7.5 .2 -- .051 -- -- -- -- -- 
105

430551088273500 OCONOMOWOC LAKE NO. 1 (CENTER) AT OCONOMOWOC, WI

WATER-QUALITY DATA, FEBRUARY 21 TO AUGUST 28, 2013

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

 Turbdty Appar- ANC, 

 white ent wat unf 

 light, color, Hard- Magnes- Potas- fixed Chlor- Silica, Manga- 

 det ang water, ness, Calcium ium, Sodium, sium, end pt, ide, Sulfate water, Iron, nese, 

 90+/-30 unfltrd water, water, water, water, water, lab, water, water, fltrd, water, water,

 Date degrees Pt-Co mg/L as fltrd, fltrd, fltrd, fltrd, mg/L as fltrd, fltrd, mg/L as fltrd, fltrd,

 NTU units CaCO3 mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L CaCO3 mg/L mg/L SiO2 ug/L ug/L 

 (63675) (00081) (00900) (00915) (00925) (00930) (00935) (00417) (00940) (00945) (00955) (01046) (01056)

 

FEB 2013 

 14... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 21... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 21... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 21... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

MAY 

 14... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 14... .6 15 263 48.2 34.6 23.2 2.23 216 49.6 23.9 4.22 <.3 <1.00 

JUN 

 28... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 28... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 28... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

JUL 

 30... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 30... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 30... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

AUG 

 28... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 28... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 28... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 Dis- 

 solved

 solids

 dried @

 180degC

 Date wat flt

 mg/L 

 (70300)

 

 

MAY 

 14... 316 
106

 

430551088273500 OCONOMOWOC LAKE NO. 1 (CENTER) AT OCONOMOWOC, WI

LAKE-DEPTH PROFILES, FEBRUARY 21 TO AUGUST 28, 2013

0 10 20 30

20

16

12

8

4

0

0 10 20

0 10 20 30

20

16

12

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0

0 10 20

SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELSIUS

02-21-13 05-14-13

0 10 20 30

20

16

12

8

4

0

0 10 20

06-28-13

DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

0 10 20 30

20

16

12

8

4

0

0 10 20

0 10 20 30

20

16

12

8

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0

0 10 20

07-30-13 08-28-13

200 400 600 800

20

16

12

8

4

0

6 7 8 9 10

200 400 600 800

20

16

12

8

4

0

6 7 8 9 10

WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELSIUS

200 400 600 800

20

16

12

8

4

0

6 7 8 9 10

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS

200 400 600 800

20

16

12

8

4

0

6 7 8 9 10

200 400 600 800

20

16

12

8

4

0

6 7 8 9 10

W.T.

D.O.

S.C.

pH

DEPTH, IN METERS DEPTH, IN METERS
107

 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 20

30

40

50

60

70

Total Phosphorus

Chlorophyll a

Secchi depth

 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 0.00

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

CHLOROPHYLL a CONCENTRATION, IN MICROGRAMS PER LITER SECCHI DEPTH, IN METERS TROPHIC STATE INDEX

 Surface total phosphorus, chlorophyll a concentrations, Secchi depths,

and TSI data for Oconomowoc Lake, Center Site, at Oconomowoc, Wisconsin.

(Open circles on the first two plots indicate laboratory detection limit for selected analyses.

 Actual concentrations for these particular analyses are less than the plotted circles.)

Eutrophic

Mesotrophic

TOTAL PHOSPHORUS CONCENTRATION, IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

Oligotrophic
108

430609088262200 OCONOMOWOC LAKE NO. 2 (OFF HEWITT POINT) AT OCONOMOWOC, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 43°06'09", long 88°26'22", in NW 1⁄4 NW 1⁄4 sec.1, T.7 N., R.17 E., Waukesha County, Hydrologic Unit 07090001, at Oconomowoc.

SURFACE AREA.—1.20 mi2

. 

PERIOD OF RECORD.--March 1986 to current year.

REMARKS.--Lake sampled at the deepest point in northeast bay near Hewitt Point. Water-quality analyses done by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene.

WATER-QUALITY DATA, FEBRUARY 21 TO AUGUST 28, 2013

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

 Specif- Chloro- 

 ic pH, phyll a Phos- 

 Trans- conduc- water, trichro phorus,

 parency Sam- Temper- tance, unfltrd Dis- -matic water,

 Secchi pling ature, wat unf field, solved method, unfltrd

 Date disc, depth, water, uS/cm @ std oxygen, uncorr, mg/L 

 meters meters deg C 25 degC units mg/L ug/L as P 

 (00078) (00098) (00010) (00095) (00400) (00300) (32210) (00665)

 

FEB 2013 

 21... 5.2 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 21... -- .50 2.6 654 7.8 13.7 -- .013 

 21... -- 14.0 3.3 698 7.6 10.4 -- .013 

MAY 

 14... 6.05 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 14... -- .50 14.7 622 8.4 11.2 1.79 .016 

JUN 

 28... 4.25 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 28... -- .50 25.2 592 8.6 9.7 3.18 .009 

 28... -- 14.5 7.2 648 7.7 1.0 -- .014 

JUL 

 30... 2.60 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 30... -- .50 23.1 591 8.5 9.9 3.23 .006 

 30... -- 14.5 7.4 658 7.5 .4 -- .038 

AUG 

 28... 1.85 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 28... -- .50 26.9 607 8.5 9.0 23.9 .010 

 28... -- 14.0 7.7 665 7.7 .5 -- .040 
109

430609088262200 OCONOMOWOC LAKE NO. 2 (OFF HEWITT POINT) AT OCONOMOWOC, WI

LAKE-DEPTH PROFILES, FEBRUARY 21 TO AUGUST 28, 2013

0 10 20 30

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

0 10 20

0 10 20 30

16

14

12

10

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6

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2

0

0 10 20

SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELSIUS

02-21-13 05-14-13

0 10 20 30

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

0 10 20

06-28-13

DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

0 10 20 30

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

0 10 20

0 10 20 30

16

14

12

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07-30-13 08-28-13

550 600 650 700 750

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

6 7 8 9 10

550 600 650 700 750

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

6 7 8 9 10

WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELSIUS

550 600 650 700 750

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

6 7 8 9 10

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS

550 600 650 700 750

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

6 7 8 9 10

550 600 650 700 750

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

6 7 8 9 10

W.T.

D.O.

S.C.

pH

DEPTH, IN METERS DEPTH, IN METERS
110

 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 20

30

40

50

60

70

Total Phosphorus

Chlorophyll a

Secchi depth

 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 12

11

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 0

5

10

15

20

25

 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 0.00

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

CHLOROPHYLL a CONCENTRATION, IN MICROGRAMS PER LITER SECCHI DEPTH, IN METERS TROPHIC STATE INDEX

 Surface total phosphorus, chlorophyll a concentrations, Secchi depths,

and TSI data for Oconomowoc Lake, Hewitt Point, at Oconomowoc, Wisconsin.

(Open circles on the first two plots indicate laboratory detection limit for selected analyses.

 Actual concentrations for these particular analyses are less than the plotted circles.)

Eutrophic

Mesotrophic

TOTAL PHOSPHORUS CONCENTRATION, IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

Oligotrophic
111

423246088175800 POWERS LAKE AT POWERS LAKE, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 42°32'46", long 88°17'58", in NW 1⁄4 SE 1⁄4 sec.13, T.1 N., R.18 E., Walworth County, Hydrologic Unit 07120006, at Powers Lake.

SURFACE AREA.—0.72 mi2

. 

DRAINAGE AREA.--3.42 mi2

. 

PERIOD OF RECORD.--March 1986 to August 1996, and April 1998 to current year.

REMARKS.--Lake sampled near center at the deep hole. Water-quality analyses done by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene.

WATER-QUALITY DATA, FEBRUARY 21 TO AUGUST 29, 2013

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated) 

 

 Specif- Chloro- Ortho- Ammonia Ammonia

 ic pH, phyll a Phos- phos- Total + + 

 Trans- conduc- water, trichro phorus, phate, nitro- Ammonia org-N, org-N,

 parency Sam- Temper- tance, unfltrd Dis- -matic water, water, gen, water, water, water,

 Secchi pling ature, wat unf field, solved method, unfltrd fltrd, water, fltrd, fltrd, unfltrd

 Date disc, depth, water, uS/cm @ std oxygen, uncorr, mg/L mg/L unfltrd mg/L mg/L mg/L 

 meters meters deg C 25 degC units mg/L ug/L as P as P mg/L as N as N as N 

 (00078) (00098) (00010) (00095) (00400) (00300) (32210) (00665) (00671) (00600) (00608) (00623) (00625)

 

FEB 2013 

 21... 4.90 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 21... -- .50 3.1 553 8.3 14.2 -- .016 -- -- -- -- -- 

 21... -- 9.0 3.7 569 8.2 11.2 -- .013 -- -- -- -- -- 

MAY 

 08... 8.55 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 08... -- .50 17.8 517 8.3 10.3 1.29 .012 <.006 1.5 .032 -- 1.5 

JUN 

 29... 3.40 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 29... -- .50 24.5 503 8.5 8.4 7.52 .020 -- -- -- -- -- 

 29... -- 9.0 14.6 530 7.6 .4 -- .018 -- -- -- -- -- 

JUL 

 17... 2.75 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 17... -- .50 29.8 509 8.6 9.2 4.93 .015 <.002 <.93 <.015 .53 .91 

 17... -- 9.5 14.1 543 9.2 .2 -- .022 -- -- -- -- -- 

AUG 

 29... 2.85 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 29... -- .50 27.3 516 8.6 8.5 3.93 .021 -- -- -- -- -- 

 29... -- 9.5 15.3 559 7.6 .4 -- .049 -- -- -- -- -- 
112

423246088175800 POWERS LAKE AT POWERS LAKE, WI

WATER-QUALITY DATA, FEBRUARY 21 TO AUGUST 29, 2013

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated) 

Nitrate Turbdty Appar- ANC,

+ white ent wat unf 

nitrite light, color, Hard- Magnes- Potas- fixed Chlor- Silica, Mangawater, det ang water, ness, Calcium ium, Sodium, sium, end pt, ide, water, Iron, nese, 

fltrd, 90+/-30 unfltrd water, water, water, water, water, lab, water, fltrd, water, water,

 Date mg/L degrees Pt-Co mg/L as fltrd, fltrd, fltrd, fltrd, mg/L as fltrd, mg/L as fltrd, fltrd,

as N NTU units CaCO3 mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L CaCO3 mg/L SiO2 ug/L ug/L 

(00631) (63675) (00081) (00900) (00915) (00925) (00930) (00935) (00417) (00940) (00955) (01046) (01056)

FEB 2013 

 21... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 21... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 21... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

MAY

 08... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 08... .043 1.0 10 218 35.5 31.5 22.2 2.47 179 44.1 6.55 <.3 <1.0 

JUN

 29... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

29... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 29... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

JUL

 17... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 17... <.019 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 17... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

AUG

 29... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 29... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 29... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

Dissolved

solids

dried @

180degC

 Date wat flt

mg/L 

(70300)

FEB 2013 

 21... -- 

 21... -- 

 21... -- 

MAY

 08... -- 

 08... 280 
113

423246088175800 POWERS LAKE AT POWERS LAKE, WI

LAKE-DEPTH PROFILES, FEBRUARY 21 TO AUGUST 29, 2013

0 10 20 30

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

0 10 20

0 10 20 30

12

10

8

6

4

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0 10 20

SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELSIUS

02-21-13 05-08-13

0 10 20 30

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

0 10 20

0 10 20 30

12

10

8

6

4

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0

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06-29-13

DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

0 10 20 30

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

0 10 20

07-17-13 08-29-13

450 500 550 600

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

6 7 8 9 10

450 500 550 600

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

6 7 8 9 10

WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELSIUS

450 500 550 600

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

6 7 8 9 10

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS

450 500 550 600

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

6 7 8 9 10

450 500 550 600

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

6 7 8 9 10

W.T.

D.O.

S.C.

pH

DEPTH, IN METERS DEPTH, IN METERS
114

 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 20

30

40

50

60

70

Total Phosphorus

Chlorophyll a

Secchi depth

 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 0

5

10

15

 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 0.00

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

0.07

0.08

CHLOROPHYLL a CONCENTRATION,

 IN MICROGRAMS PER LITER SECCHI DEPTH, IN METERS TROPHIC STATE INDEX

Surface total phosphorus, chlorophyll a concentrations, Secchi depths,

 and TSI data for Powers Lake, at Powers Lake, Wisconsin.

(Open circles on the first two plots indicate laboratory detection limit for selected analyses.

 Actual concentrations for these particular analyses are less than the plotted circles.)

Eutrophic

Mesotrophic

TOTAL PHOSPHORUS CONCENTRATION,

 IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

Oligotrophic
115

453420091551600 SILVER LAKE NEAR CUMBERLAND, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 45°34′20′′, long 91°55′16′′ referenced to North American Datum of 1927, in SE 1⁄4 NE 1⁄4 SW 1⁄4 

sec.25, T.36 N., R.13 W., Barron County, WI, Hydrologic Unit 07050007. 

DRAINAGE AREA.--1,800 acres; 2.81 mi2 

PERIOD OF RECORD.--October 2011 to current year. Archived data October 2004 to September 2011. 

GAGE.--Non-recording gage. Staff gage mounted on wood board and 1.5" steel pipe. The staff is installed/removed 

seasonally to coincide with measuring stage during the open water period. 

COOPERATION.--Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. 

REMARKS.--Water surface elevation collected by land owner (observer). 

EXTREMES FOR PERIOD OF RECORD.--Maximum daily gage height, 79.85 ft, June 25, 2012; Minimum daily gage

height, 78.12 ft, Oct. 22, 2012. 

EXTREMES FOR CURRENT YEAR.--Maximum daily gage height, 79.63 ft, June 21, 2013; Minimum daily gage

height, 78.12 ft, Oct. 22, 2012.

GAGE HEIGHT, FEET

WATER YEAR OCTOBER 2012 TO SEPTEMBER 2013

DAILY MEAN VALUES

Day Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep 

1 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

2 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 79.54 --- ---

3 78.25 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

4 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

5 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 79.43 --- --- ---

6 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 78.94 ---

7 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 79.44 --- ---

8 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

9 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

10 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 79.54 --- --- ---

11 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 79.42 --- ---

12 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

13 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

14 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

15 78.17 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 78.88 ---

16 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 78.38 

17 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

18 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 78.84 ---

19 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

20 78.13 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

21 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 79.63 --- --- ---

22 78.12 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

23 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

24 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 78.28 

25 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

26 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 79.61 --- 78.72 ---

27 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

28 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

29 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 79.02 --- 78.24 

30 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

31 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

Mean --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

Max --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

Min --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
116

Stage hydrograph for Silver Lake near Cumberland, 2011-2013.

 2012 2013 75

80

85

GAGE HEIGHT, IN FEET
117

04072500 SILVER LAKE AT PORTAGE, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 43°33′10′′, long 89°28′22.9′′ referenced to North American Datum of 1983, Columbia County, WI, 

Hydrologic Unit 04030201, previously published at Lat 43°33′10′′, long 89°07′58′′referenced to North American 

Datum of 1927 

DRAINAGE AREA.--1.00 mi2. 

PERIOD OF RECORD.--May 2010 to current year. Work records from August 1936 to February 2010 in USGS 

database. 

GAGE.--A staff gage is periodically read by an observer, and reported in local datum. 

COOPERATION.--Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. 

EXTREMES FOR PERIOD OF RECORD.--Maximum observed gage height, 8.88 ft July 21, 2010; miminum 

observed gage height, 6.20 ft, Oct. 12, 2012. 

EXTREMES FOR CURRENT YEAR.--Maximum observed gage height, 8.50 ft Jun 27; miminum observed gage 

height, 6.20 ft, Oct. 12.

GAGE HEIGHT, FEET

WATER YEAR OCTOBER 2012 TO SEPTEMBER 2013

DAILY MEAN VALUES

Day Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep 

1 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 7.60 

2 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

3 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

4 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

5 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

6 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 7.95 --- --- ---

7 --- 6.60 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

8 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

9 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

10 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

11 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

12 6.20 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

13 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

14 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 8.00 ---

15 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 8.05 --- --- ---

16 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 7.74 --- --- --- ---

17 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

18 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

19 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

20 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

21 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 7.80 --- --- --- ---

22 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

23 6.50 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 8.10 --- ---

24 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 7.70 ---

25 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 7.50 

26 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

27 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 8.50 --- --- ---

28 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

29 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

30 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

31 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

Mean --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

Max --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

Min --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
118

 2010 2011 2012 2013 1

2

3

4

5

6

6

7

8

9

GAGE HEIGHT, IN FEET

Stage hydrograph for Silver Lake at Portage, 2010-2013.
119

05429485 LAKE WAUBESA AT MCFARLAND, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 43°00′32′′, long 89°18′19′′ referenced to North American Datum of 1927, in SW 1⁄4 SW 1⁄4 sec.3, T.6 

N., R.10 E., Dane County, WI, Hydrologic Unit 07090001, on left bank just upstream from bridge on U.S. Highway 

51, downstream of dam at outlet of Lake Waubesa and 1.0 mi southwest of McFarland. 

SURFACE AREA.--3.25 mi2. 

DRAINAGE AREA.--327 mi2 of which 36.6 mi2 probably is noncontributing. 

PERIOD OF RECORD.--October 2003 to current year. 

REVISED RECORDS.--WSP 805, WDR WI-73-1: Drainage area. 

GAGE.--Water-stage recorder. Datum of gage is 840.00 ft above NGVD of 1929 (levels by Wisconsin Department of 

Natural Resources). 

REMARKS.--Lake level regulated by dams at outlets of Lake Mendota and Lake Waubesa. Gage-height telemeter at 

station. 

EXTREMES FOR PERIOD OF RECORD.--Maximum gage height observed, 7.22 ft, June 15-17, 2008; minimum 

observed, 3.50 ft, Feb.14, 2006, current datum. 

EXTREMES FOR CURRENT YEAR.--Maximum recorded gage height, 7.03 ft, June 29; minimum recorded, 3.97 ft, 

Jan. 27. 
120

05429485 LAKE WAUBESA AT MCFARLAND, WI

GAGE HEIGHT, FEET

WATER YEAR OCTOBER 2012 TO SEPTEMBER 2013

DAILY MEAN VALUES

Day Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep 

1 4.26 4.67 4.36 4.19 4.49 4.29 5.06 5.31 5.07 6.95 5.82 4.99 

2 4.26 4.65 4.36 4.16 4.49 4.27 5.06 5.29 5.07 6.89 5.83 4.97 

3 4.26 4.61 4.33 4.15 4.49 --- 5.04 5.31 5.06 6.82 5.80 4.94 

4 4.25 4.61 4.34 4.13 4.47 --- 5.03 5.31 5.03 6.72 5.75 4.92 

5 4.24 4.60 4.37 4.12 4.45 --- 5.03 5.30 5.03 6.64 5.71 4.89 

6 4.23 4.59 --- 4.11 4.42 --- 5.02 5.27 5.04 6.58 5.67 4.86 

7 4.23 4.58 4.35 4.10 4.42 --- 5.03 5.25 5.05 6.52 5.64 4.84 

8 4.16 4.50 4.35 4.08 4.43 --- 5.07 5.21 5.05 6.48 5.60 4.83 

9 4.15 4.46 4.36 4.07 4.41 4.20 5.19 5.19 5.05 6.46 5.57 4.83 

10 4.19 4.41 --- 4.07 4.41 --- 5.47 5.33 5.09 6.42 5.55 4.81 

11 4.16 4.38 --- 4.09 4.51 --- 5.65 5.36 5.10 6.36 5.52 4.80 

12 4.16 4.43 4.32 4.11 4.54 4.72 5.73 5.32 5.14 6.27 5.50 4.80 

13 4.20 4.45 4.28 4.14 4.53 4.75 5.73 5.26 5.30 6.20 5.46 4.76 

14 4.36 4.43 4.28 4.13 4.52 4.75 5.70 5.21 5.34 6.16 5.42 4.73 

15 4.52 4.42 4.29 4.11 4.50 4.76 5.72 5.18 5.36 6.13 5.37 4.75 

16 4.54 4.43 4.31 4.11 4.47 4.77 5.71 5.14 5.46 6.09 5.34 4.76 

17 4.57 4.41 --- 4.09 4.44 4.78 5.71 5.13 5.47 6.05 5.31 4.75 

18 4.62 4.41 --- 4.08 4.42 4.80 5.86 5.13 5.47 6.03 5.27 4.73 

19 4.69 4.41 --- 4.08 4.43 4.82 5.94 5.09 5.47 5.99 5.24 4.78 

20 4.71 --- 4.37 4.07 4.41 4.82 5.90 5.10 5.47 5.96 5.21 4.89 

21 4.70 --- --- 4.05 4.38 4.81 5.83 5.10 5.50 5.94 5.17 4.93 

22 4.72 --- --- 4.03 4.37 4.80 5.77 5.09 5.71 5.99 5.20 4.94 

23 4.78 4.41 --- 4.02 4.34 4.79 5.73 5.07 5.83 6.00 5.22 4.93 

24 4.78 4.43 --- 4.01 4.32 4.79 5.67 5.01 5.88 5.97 5.20 4.92 

25 4.78 4.41 --- 4.00 4.30 4.79 5.61 4.95 6.12 5.94 5.18 4.92 

26 4.84 4.39 --- 3.99 4.29 4.79 5.54 4.89 6.58 5.94 5.16 4.91 

27 4.79 4.37 --- 3.99 4.31 4.80 5.48 4.87 6.90 5.94 5.14 4.89 

28 4.74 4.38 4.27 4.01 4.31 4.82 5.44 4.92 6.97 5.91 5.10 4.87 

29 4.72 4.36 4.26 4.17 --- 4.87 5.40 4.96 7.00 5.88 5.05 4.89 

30 4.72 4.36 4.23 4.42 --- 4.93 5.35 4.98 7.00 5.84 5.02 4.87 

31 4.69 --- 4.21 4.50 --- 5.01 --- 5.04 --- 5.83 5.00 ---

Mean 4.48 --- --- 4.11 4.42 --- 5.48 5.15 5.59 6.22 5.39 4.86 

Max 4.84 --- --- 4.50 4.54 --- 5.94 5.36 7.00 6.95 5.83 4.99 

Min 4.15 --- --- 3.99 4.29 --- 5.02 4.87 5.03 5.83 5.00 4.73 
121

 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 3

4

5

6

7

8

GAGE HEIGHT, IN FEET

 Stage hydrograph for Lake Waubesa, 2003-2013.
122

461231091524900 WHITEFISH (BARDON) LAKE NEAR GORDON, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 46°12′31′′, long 91°52′49′′ referenced to North American Datum of 1927, in SW 1⁄4 SW 1⁄4 NW 1⁄4 sec.16, T.43 N., R.12 

W., Douglas County, WI, Hydrologic Unit 07030002. 

DRAINAGE AREA.--0.81 mi2 

PERIOD OF RECORD.--October 2011 to present. Archived data from 2004 to September 2011. 

GAGE.--Non-recording gage. Steel rod pounded into lake bed. The rod is installed/removed seasonally to coincide with measuring 

stage during the open water period. 

COOPERATION.--Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. 

REMARKS.--Water surface elevation collected by land owner (observer). 

EXTREMES FOR PERIOD OF RECORD.--Maximum daily gage height, 5.08ft, June 24, 2013; Minimum daily gage height, 3.75 ft, 

October 22, 2012. 

EXTREMES FOR CURRENT YEAR.--Maximum daily gage height, 5.08ft, June 24, 2013; Minimum daily gage height, 3.75 ft, October

 22, 2012.

GAGE HEIGHT, FEET

WATER YEAR OCTOBER 2012 TO SEPTEMBER 2013

DAILY MEAN VALUES

Day Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep 

1 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

2 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 4.86 

3 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

4 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

5 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 4.56 --- --- ---

6 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 4.98 4.78 ---

7 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

8 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

9 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

10 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

11 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 4.58 --- --- ---

12 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

13 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

14 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

15 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

16 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

17 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

18 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

19 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 4.66 ---

20 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 4.91 --- 4.56 

21 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

22 3.75 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

23 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

24 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 5.08 --- --- ---

25 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 4.54 

26 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 4.66 ---

27 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

28 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 4.87 --- ---

29 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

30 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

31 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 4.96 ---

Mean --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

Max --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

Min --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
123

 2010 2011 2012 0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

 

GAGE HEIGHT, IN FEET

 

 Stage hydrograph for Whitefish (Bardon) Lake near Gordon, 2011-2013.
124

424848088083100 WIND LAKE, HEADWATER, AT OUTLET AT WIND LAKE, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 42°48′48′′, long 88°08′31′′ referenced to North American Datum of 1927, in NE 1⁄4 NW 1⁄4 sec.16, T.4 N., R.20 E., 

Racine County, WI, Hydrologic Unit 07120006, at Wind Lake. 

SURFACE AREA.--1.46 mi2

. 

DRAINAGE AREA.--39.6 mi2. 

PERIOD OF RECORD.--March 1985 to current year. Prior to October 2000, published as "Wind Lake Outlet". 

REVISED RECORDS.--WDR WI-91-1: 1988(m). 

REMARKS.--Lake level regulated by dam with two 10-foot gates at outlet. Lake ice-covered Jan. 14 to Mar. 8. Prior to October 1987, 

published as Wind Lake at Wind Lake, Wis. Gage-height telemeter at station. 

EXTREMES FOR PERIOD OF RECORD.--Maximum gage height, 9.88 ft, June 14, 15, 2008; minimum recorded, 5.95 ft, Jan. 2, 1996. 

EXTREMES FOR CURRENT YEAR.—Headwater: Maximum recorded gage height, 8.80 ft, Apr. 19; minimum recorded, 6.75 ft, Oct. 

12-13. Tailwater: Maximum recorded gage height, 8.71 ft, Apr. 19; minimum recorded, 3.01 ft, Sept. 18-19. 

 

HEADWATER

GAGE HEIGHT, FEET

WATER YEAR OCTOBER 2012 TO SEPTEMBER 2013

DAILY MEAN VALUES

[e, estimated] 

Day Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep 

1 6.88 6.94 6.84 7.31 7.73 7.75 8.22 8.19 8.13 8.22 8.14 7.98 

2 6.88 6.93 6.85 7.33 7.68 7.78 8.17 8.28 8.16 8.19 8.16 7.99 

3 6.87 6.92 6.86 7.34 7.68 7.82 8.14 8.30 8.16 8.19 8.16 7.96 

4 6.87 6.91 6.90 7.36 7.72 7.85 8.15 8.21 8.21 8.13 8.15 7.94 

5 6.86 6.90 6.88 7.37 7.74 7.89 8.19 8.16 8.24 8.13 8.13 7.91 

6 6.84 6.90 6.87 7.39 7.73 7.93 8.23 8.16 8.25 8.16 8.13 7.89 

7 6.82 6.91 6.88 7.40 7.73 7.94 8.27 8.18 8.23 8.18 8.12 7.89 

8 6.80 6.90 6.88 7.42 7.76 7.94 8.25 8.18 8.21 8.20 8.10 7.90 

9 6.79 6.90 6.89 7.43 7.74 7.96 8.18 8.18 8.18 8.27 8.09 7.89 

10 6.80 6.90 6.91 7.45 7.73 8.00 8.27 8.19 8.16 8.27 8.08 7.87 

11 6.78 6.90 6.89 7.54 7.74 8.09 8.40 8.16 8.18 8.18 8.06 7.86 

12 6.77 6.93 6.88 7.59 7.73 8.23 8.44 8.18 8.21 8.15 8.09 7.86 

13 6.79 6.91 6.87 7.66 7.73 8.26 8.39 8.21 8.28 8.15 8.08 7.84 

14 6.86 6.91 6.88 7.71 7.72 8.20 8.31 8.22 8.29 8.15 8.06 7.81 

15 6.87 6.90 6.89 7.76 7.71 8.17 8.23 8.24 8.31 8.16 8.04 7.82 

16 6.85 6.90 6.92 7.79 7.69 8.16 8.22 8.23 8.29 8.15 8.03 7.82 

17 6.85 6.90 6.92 7.76 7.65 8.18 8.29 8.22 8.20 8.15 8.02 7.80 

18 6.90 6.90 6.92 7.73 7.64 8.19 8.58 8.20 8.23 8.13 8.01 7.79 

19 6.91 6.90 6.93 7.70 7.75 8.18 8.76 8.18 8.23 8.11 7.99 7.81 

20 6.91 6.90 7.07 7.67 7.79 8.15 8.74 8.15 8.21 8.10 7.98 7.88 

21 6.90 6.90 7.18 7.64 7.79 8.15 8.67 8.14 8.23 8.10 7.96 7.88 

22 6.92 6.89 7.14 7.66 7.80 8.15 8.56 8.16 8.34 8.17 8.02 7.86 

23 6.99 6.92 7.15 7.69 7.74 8.15 8.46 8.21 8.29 8.17 8.05 7.84 

24 6.99 6.88 7.17 7.71 7.68 8.16 8.35 8.20 8.22 8.15 8.04 7.84 

25 7.00 6.87 7.18 7.74 7.66 8.16 8.17 8.20 8.28 8.13 8.02 e7.82 

26 7.01 6.87 7.20 7.77 7.70 8.15 8.01 8.19 8.30 8.13 8.01 e7.81 

27 7.00 6.85 7.21 7.79 7.78 8.15 8.06 8.19 8.27 8.14 8.00 7.80 

28 6.99 6.85 7.23 7.82 7.77 8.12 8.14 8.21 8.25 8.12 7.99 7.79 

29 6.98 6.85 7.25 7.85 --- 8.16 8.17 8.19 8.27 8.10 7.98 7.80 

30 6.99 6.85 7.27 7.92 --- 8.21 8.11 8.15 8.26 8.09 7.98 7.78 

31 6.96 --- 7.29 7.84 --- 8.22 --- 8.14 --- 8.11 7.99 ---

Mean 6.89 6.90 7.01 7.62 7.73 8.08 8.30 8.19 8.24 8.15 8.05 7.86 

Max 7.01 6.94 7.29 7.92 7.80 8.26 8.76 8.30 8.34 8.27 8.16 7.99 

Min 6.77 6.85 6.84 7.31 7.64 7.75 8.01 8.14 8.13 8.09 7.96 7.78 
125

 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 5

6

7

8

9

10

GAGE HEIGHT, IN FEET

CREST OF DAM

DAILY AVERAGE STAGES

MANUAL STAGE READING

 Stage hydrograph for Wind Lake, headwater, 1985-2013.
126

424915088083900 WIND LAKE AT WIND LAKE, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 42°49'15", long 88°08'39", in NW 1⁄4 SW 1⁄4 sec.9, T.4 N., R.20 E., Racine County, Hydrologic Unit 07120006, at Wind Lake.

SURFACE AREA.--1.46 mi2

. 

PERIOD OF RECORD.--February 1985 to current year.

REMARKS.--Lake sampled near center at the deep hole. Water-quality analyses done by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene. 

WATER-QUALITY DATA, FEBRUARY 21 TO AUGUST 29, 2013

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

 Specif- Chloro- Ortho- Ammonia Ammonia

 ic pH, phyll a Phos- phos- Total + + 

 Trans- conduc- water, trichro phorus, phate, nitro- Ammonia org-N, org-N,

 parency Sam- Temper- tance, unfltrd Dis- -matic water, water, gen, water, water, water,

 Secchi pling ature, wat unf field, solved method, unfltrd fltrd, water, fltrd, fltrd, unfltrd

 Date disc, depth, water, uS/cm @ std oxygen, uncorr, mg/L mg/L unfltrd mg/L mg/L mg/L 

 meters meters deg C 25 degC units mg/L ug/L as P as P mg/L as N as N as N 

 (00078) (00098) (00010) (00095) (00400) (00300) (32210) (00665) (00671) (00600) (00608) (00623) (00625)

 

FEB 2013 

 21... 4.10 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 21... -- .50 3.4 849 8.0 15.4 -- .021 -- -- -- -- -- 

 21... -- 13.0 2.5 1080 7.6 8.8 -- .035 -- -- -- -- -- 

MAY 

 14... 4.05 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 14... -- .50 13.9 662 8.0 9.0 2.74 .027 .003 1.1 .087 -- .91 

JUN 

 29... 3.40 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 29... -- .50 23.9 667 8.4 7.3 5.01 .018 -- -- -- -- -- 

 29... -- 13.0 11.6 692 7.4 .1 -- .117 -- -- -- -- -- 

JUL 

 17... 3.75 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 17... -- .50 28.9 690 8.6 8.7 6.44 .016 <.002 <1.2 <.015 .93 1.2 

 17... -- 14.5 11.3 704 8.8 .1 -- .156 -- -- -- -- -- 

AUG 

 29... 3.25 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 29... -- .50 26.2 700 8.4 8.1 5.09 .019 -- -- -- -- -- 

 29... -- 4.0 25.2 699 8.4 7.9 -- .021 -- -- -- -- -- 

 29... -- 10.0 12.9 706 7.4 .1 -- .130 -- -- -- -- -- 

 29... -- 13.0 11.9 710 7.2 .1 -- .176 -- -- -- -- -- 

 29... -- 14.5 11.8 710 7.2 .1 -- .195 -- -- -- -- -- 
127

424915088083900 WIND LAKE AT WIND LAKE, WI

WATER-QUALITY DATA, FEBRUARY 21 TO AUGUST 29, 2013

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

 Nitrate Turbdty Appar- ANC, 

 + white ent wat unf 

 nitrite light, color, Hard- Magnes- Potas- fixed Chlor- Silica, 

 water, det ang water, ness, Calcium ium, Sodium, sium, end pt, ide, Sulfate water, Iron, 

 fltrd, 90+/-30 unfltrd water, water, water, water, water, lab, water, water, fltrd, water,

 Date mg/L degrees Pt-Co mg/L as fltrd, fltrd, fltrd, fltrd, mg/L as fltrd, fltrd, mg/L as fltrd,

 as N NTU units CaCO3 mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L CaCO3 mg/L mg/L SiO2 ug/L 

 (00631) (63675) (00081) (00900) (00915) (00925) (00930) (00935) (00417) (00940) (00945) (00955) (01046)

 

FEB 2013 

 21... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 21... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 21... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

MAY 

 14... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 14... .189 1.5 40 210 44.7 24.0 57.8 3.01 143 105 39.4 .271 <.3 

JUN 

 29... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 29... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 29... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

JUL 

 17... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 17... <.019 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 17... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

AUG 

 29... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 29... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 29... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 29... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 29... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 29... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 

 

 Dis- 

 solved

 Manga- solids

 nese, dried @

 water, 180degC

 Date fltrd, wat flt

 ug/L mg/L 

 (01056) (70300)

 

 

MAY 

 14... -- -- 

 14... 10 382 
128

424915088083900 WIND LAKE AT WIND LAKE, WI

LAKE-DEPTH PROFILES, FEBRUARY 21 TO AUGUST 29, 2013

0 10 20 30

16

12

8

4

0

0 10 20

0 10 20 30

16

12

8

4

0

0 10 20

SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELSIUS

02-21-13 05-14-13

0 10 20 30

16

12

8

4

0

0 10 20

0 10 20 30

16

12

8

4

0

0 10 20

06-29-13

DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

0 10 20 30

16

12

8

4

0

0 10 20

07-17-13 08-29-13

500 700 900 1100

16

12

8

4

0

6 7 8 9 10

500 700 900 1100

16

12

8

4

0

6 7 8 9 10

WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELSIUS

500 700 900 1100

16

12

8

4

0

6 7 8 9 10

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS

500 700 900 1100

16

12

8

4

0

6 7 8 9 10

500 700 900 1100

16

12

8

4

0

6 7 8 9 10

W.T.

D.O.

S.C.

pH

DEPTH, IN METERS DEPTH, IN METERS
129

 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 30

40

50

60

70

80

Total Phosphorus

Chlorophyll a

Secchi depth

Eutrophic

 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 4

3

2

1

0

 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 0

50

100

150

 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 0.00

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.10

0.12

0.14

0.16

CHLOROPHYLL a CONCENTRATION, IN MICROGRAMS PER LITER SECCHI DEPTH, IN METERS TROPHIC STATE INDEX

 Surface total phosphorus, chlorophyll a concentrations, Secchi depths,

 and TSI data for Wind Lake, Deep Hole, at Wind Lake, Wisconsin.

Mesotrophic

TOTAL PHOSPHORUS CONCENTRATION, IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

Oligotrophic
130

04082500 LAKE WINNEBAGO AT OSHKOSH, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 44°00′35′′, long 88°31′38′′ referenced to North American Datum of 1927, in NE 1⁄4 NE 1⁄4 sec.25, T.18 

 N., R.16 E., Winnebago County, WI, Hydrologic Unit 04030203, 800 ft east of mouth of the upper Fox River.

SURFACE AREA.--215 mi2

. 

DRAINAGE AREA.--5,880 mi2.

PERIOD OF RECORD.--October 1938 to current year in reports of Geological Survey. Records from July 1882 to 

 September 1938 in files of Geological Survey and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. A report on Fox River by U.S.

 Army Corps of Engineers, published as House Document No. 146, 67th Congress, 2nd session, contains semi- 

 monthly records of inflow of Lake Winnebago for the period 1896-1917. 

REVISED RECORDS.--WDR WI-83-1: Drainage area. 

GAGE.--Water-stage recorder. Nonrecording gage read once daily October 1938 to October 1978. Datum of gage is 

 743.91 ft above NAVD of 1988 (Wisconsin Department of Transportation benchmark). From July 1992 to March 20,

 2007 datum was 743.97 ft above NAVD of 1988. Prior to 2012 datum of gage was published as 745.05 ft above

 mean tide at New York City. 

REMARKS.--Lake elevations controlled by dams at Menasha and Neenah. Data-collection platform and gage-height

 telemeter at station.

 

EXTREMES FOR PERIOD OF RECORD.-- Water year 1938-1992; maximum gage height observed, 4.32 ft Mar. 9, 

1982, datum unknown; minimum observed, 0.33 ft May 17, 1960, datum unknown. Water year 1993-current year; 

maximum daily mean gage height, 3.85 ft June 14, 2008; minimum recorded, 1.16 ft, March 2-5, 1993.

 

EXTREMES FOR CURRENT YEAR.--Maximum daily mean gage height, 3.33 ft, June 17; Minimum recorded, 1.64 ft, 

March 24. 
131

04082500 LAKE WINNEBAGO AT OSHKOSH, WI

GAGE HEIGHT, FEET

WATER YEAR OCTOBER 2012 TO SEPTEMBER 2013

DAILY MEAN VALUES

Day Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep 

1 2.67 2.40 2.26 2.26 2.20 1.83 1.87 3.02 3.13 3.12 2.99 2.99 

2 2.68 2.40 2.25 2.24 2.19 1.80 1.91 3.05 3.14 3.11 3.00 3.00 

3 2.67 2.41 2.25 2.23 2.17 1.78 1.94 3.12 3.16 3.09 3.00 2.99 

4 2.63 2.39 2.22 2.22 2.15 1.75 1.97 3.08 3.16 3.10 3.02 2.97 

5 2.58 2.39 2.26 2.21 2.14 1.74 2.00 3.05 3.16 3.11 2.99 2.97 

6 2.61 2.36 2.22 2.19 2.12 1.72 2.04 3.03 3.16 3.12 2.98 2.93 

7 2.57 2.36 2.24 2.19 2.12 1.71 2.09 3.01 3.16 3.13 3.04 2.97 

8 2.49 2.36 2.25 2.17 2.12 1.69 2.15 2.99 3.17 3.23 3.05 3.04 

9 2.46 2.36 2.26 2.16 2.12 1.68 2.25 2.99 3.18 3.28 3.03 3.00 

10 2.49 2.36 2.24 2.15 2.10 1.71 2.50 3.08 3.16 3.24 3.03 2.99 

11 2.47 2.35 2.23 2.17 2.11 1.77 2.60 2.98 3.17 3.22 3.03 3.00 

12 2.48 2.35 2.24 2.19 2.10 1.80 2.65 3.01 3.22 3.17 3.04 2.98 

13 2.51 2.41 2.22 2.19 2.08 1.80 2.70 3.04 3.22 3.14 3.05 2.94 

14 2.62 2.37 2.24 2.18 2.06 1.78 2.80 2.98 3.23 3.12 3.03 2.86 

15 2.69 2.35 2.25 2.18 2.06 1.76 2.86 2.96 3.20 3.11 3.01 2.85 

16 2.66 2.38 2.23 2.17 2.04 1.75 2.90 2.98 3.29 3.09 3.01 2.85 

17 2.60 2.37 2.26 2.17 2.02 1.74 3.01 2.99 3.33 3.09 3.00 2.81 

18 2.59 2.37 2.26 2.16 1.99 1.71 3.05 2.99 3.30 3.08 2.99 2.77 

19 2.55 2.37 2.26 2.15 1.99 1.71 2.96 2.98 3.21 3.05 2.98 2.79 

20 2.51 2.38 2.36 2.14 1.98 1.69 3.10 2.98 3.16 3.05 2.97 2.80 

21 2.50 2.38 2.31 2.13 1.95 1.66 3.14 2.96 3.14 3.03 2.96 2.80 

22 2.47 2.34 2.38 2.11 1.94 1.65 3.09 3.02 3.15 3.00 2.99 2.80 

23 2.47 2.24 2.34 2.09 1.93 1.65 3.08 3.14 3.12 3.01 2.98 2.76 

24 2.45 2.38 2.32 2.08 1.91 1.65 3.09 3.10 3.09 3.01 2.96 2.73 

25 2.40 2.32 2.30 2.07 1.89 1.65 3.08 3.07 3.06 2.99 2.93 2.74 

26 2.44 2.32 2.29 2.05 1.87 1.65 3.10 3.06 3.06 3.00 2.95 2.73 

27 2.47 2.30 2.28 2.04 1.86 1.67 3.08 3.06 3.07 3.00 2.97 2.71 

28 2.46 2.27 2.27 2.05 1.85 1.69 3.06 3.02 3.08 2.99 3.04 2.70 

29 2.45 2.29 2.28 2.08 --- 1.71 3.05 3.05 3.15 3.00 3.02 2.71 

30 2.41 2.30 2.28 2.16 --- 1.74 3.03 3.10 3.14 2.98 3.00 2.71 

31 2.41 --- 2.27 2.20 --- 1.80 --- 3.11 --- 2.98 3.02 ---

Mean 2.53 2.35 2.27 2.15 2.04 1.72 2.67 3.03 3.17 3.09 3.00 2.86 

Max 2.69 2.41 2.38 2.26 2.20 1.83 3.14 3.14 3.33 3.28 3.05 3.04 

Min 2.40 2.24 2.22 2.04 1.85 1.65 1.87 2.96 3.06 2.98 2.93 2.70 
132

 1882 1887 1892 1897 1902 1907 1912 1917 1922 1927 1932 1937 1942 1947 1952 1957 1962 1967 1972 1977 1982 1987 1992 1997 2002 2007 2012 -2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

GAGE HEIGHT, IN FEET

 

 Stage hydrograph for Lake Winnebago at Oshkosh, WI, 1882-2013.
133

04084255 LAKE WINNEBAGO NEAR STOCKBRIDGE, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 44°04′14′′, long 88°19′44′′ referenced to North American Datum of 1983, Calumet County, WI, 

Hydrologic Unit 04030203, Stockbridge Indian Reservation, on east shore of Lake Winnebago, 300 ft south of 

County Highway E and 1.6 mi west of Stockbridge. 

SURFACE AREA.--215 mi2

. 

DRAINAGE AREA.--5,880 mi2. 

PERIOD OF RECORD.--November 1982 to current year. 

GAGE.--Water-stage recorder. Datum of gage from July 1992 to current year is 744.00 ft above NAVD of 1988 (RTKGPS survey). Prior to 2012 pbulished as 745.05 ft above mean tide of New York City.

REMARKS.--Lake elevations controlled by dams at Menasha and Neenah. Data-collection platform and gage-height 

telemeter at station. 

EXTREMES FOR PERIOD OF RECORD.-- Water year 1982-1992; maximum daily mean gage height, 3.53 ft, May 

31, 1989, datum unknown; minimum recorded, 0.30 ft, Mar. 1, 1986, datum unknown. Water year 1993 to current 

year; maximum daily mean gage height, 3.85 ft, July 9, 11, 1993, June 14, 2008; minimum recorded 1.10 ft March 

2, 1993, March 11, 1996.

EXTREMES FOR CURRENT YEAR.--Maximum daily mean gage height, 3.23 ft, June 16; minimum recorded, 1.49 ft, 

Mar. 9. 
134

04084255 LAKE WINNEBAGO NEAR STOCKBRIDGE, WI

GAGE HEIGHT, FEET

WATER YEAR OCTOBER 2012 TO SEPTEMBER 2013

DAILY MEAN VALUES

Day Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep 

1 2.54 2.29 2.12 2.13 2.08 1.70 1.79 2.91 3.05 2.97 2.94 2.91 

2 2.53 2.26 2.13 2.11 2.06 1.68 1.83 2.86 3.07 2.96 2.92 2.90 

3 2.54 2.23 2.12 2.10 2.04 1.66 1.85 2.92 3.08 2.98 2.91 2.89 

4 2.59 2.23 2.16 2.08 2.03 1.63 1.87 2.95 3.03 3.03 2.89 2.87 

5 2.64 2.22 2.13 2.07 2.01 1.61 1.92 2.93 3.00 3.06 2.90 2.81 

6 2.55 2.24 2.11 2.06 2.00 1.60 1.95 2.92 3.02 3.06 2.90 2.84 

7 2.48 2.23 2.10 2.04 2.01 1.58 2.02 2.90 3.06 3.08 2.95 2.87 

8 2.51 2.24 2.09 2.03 2.02 1.55 2.08 2.87 3.08 3.17 2.94 2.85 

9 2.45 2.21 2.06 2.03 2.00 1.54 2.17 2.82 3.05 3.20 2.95 2.89 

10 2.47 2.21 2.11 2.01 1.99 1.59 2.40 2.83 3.06 3.18 2.94 2.91 

11 2.42 2.25 2.19 2.03 2.01 1.66 2.48 2.94 3.10 3.12 2.94 2.92 

12 2.34 2.43 2.15 2.04 1.98 1.70 2.57 2.97 3.09 3.06 2.93 2.83 

13 2.37 2.33 2.14 2.06 1.95 1.69 2.66 2.92 3.10 3.04 2.90 2.76 

14 2.47 2.27 2.10 2.05 1.95 1.65 2.69 2.87 3.11 3.01 2.92 2.76 

15 2.59 2.25 2.08 2.04 1.94 1.63 2.79 2.89 3.11 3.00 2.92 2.71 

16 2.51 2.22 2.13 2.03 1.91 1.63 2.85 2.87 3.23 3.00 2.91 2.67 

17 2.47 2.24 2.16 2.04 1.89 1.61 2.85 2.84 3.20 3.02 2.90 2.67 

18 2.51 2.23 2.13 2.02 1.87 1.60 2.94 2.87 3.13 3.04 2.89 2.67 

19 2.40 2.24 2.14 2.03 1.90 1.60 3.10 2.87 3.11 3.05 2.90 2.70 

20 2.39 2.24 2.08 2.04 1.86 1.57 3.05 2.87 3.06 2.95 2.89 2.75 

21 2.36 2.26 2.29 2.02 1.84 1.54 3.02 2.88 3.05 2.87 2.90 2.72 

22 2.32 2.29 2.25 2.00 1.82 1.53 3.00 2.88 3.03 2.91 2.88 2.64 

23 2.32 2.41 2.20 1.97 1.81 1.54 3.01 2.91 3.05 2.89 2.86 2.61 

24 2.31 2.30 2.18 1.96 1.78 1.54 3.03 2.95 3.01 2.90 2.86 2.59 

25 2.35 2.24 2.17 1.94 1.76 1.55 3.05 2.94 2.99 2.94 2.89 2.59 

26 2.40 2.23 2.16 1.92 1.74 1.56 3.03 2.92 2.97 2.93 2.88 2.60 

27 2.34 2.23 2.14 1.91 1.74 1.57 2.98 2.88 2.98 2.94 2.86 2.59 

28 2.29 2.19 2.14 1.94 1.73 1.58 2.96 2.90 3.01 2.95 2.90 2.59 

29 2.27 2.13 2.16 1.98 --- 1.60 2.95 2.97 2.97 2.90 2.92 2.62 

30 2.20 2.10 2.14 2.07 --- 1.63 2.95 3.01 2.96 2.88 2.91 2.61 

31 2.32 --- 2.13 2.11 --- 1.71 --- 3.04 --- 2.91 2.89 ---

Mean 2.43 2.25 2.14 2.03 1.92 1.61 2.59 2.91 3.06 3.00 2.91 2.74 

Max 2.64 2.43 2.29 2.13 2.08 1.71 3.10 3.04 3.23 3.20 2.95 2.92 

Min 2.20 2.10 2.06 1.91 1.73 1.53 1.79 2.82 2.96 2.87 2.86 2.59 
135

WISCONSIN WATER SCIENCE CENTER PUBLICATIONS PERTAINING TO 

LAKES

The reports published in a U.S. Geological Survey series are for sale by the U.S. 

Geological Survey, Box 25425, Federal Center, Denver, CO 80225. Prepayment is 

required. Remittance should be sent by check or money order payable to the U.S. 

Geological Survey. Prices can be obtained by writing to the above address or by calling 

(303) 236-7476. Reprints of journal articles may be obtained by writing directly to the 

author at U.S. Geological Survey, 8505 Research Way, Middleton, WI 53562.

2013

Hunt, R.J., Walker, J.F., Selbig, W.R., Westenbroek, S.M., and Regan, R.S., 2013,

Simulation of climate-change effects on streamflow, lake water budgets, and stream 

temperature using GSFLOW and SNTEMP, Trout Lake Watershed, Wisconsin: U.S. 

Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013–5159, 118 p., 

http://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5159/. 

Juckem, P.J., and Robertson, D.M., 2013, Hydrology and water quality of Shell Lake, 

Washburn County, Wisconsin, with special emphasis on the effects of diversion and 

changes in water level on the water quality of a shallow terminal lake: U.S. 

Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5181, 77 p.

Meyer, M.W.; Walker, J.F.; Kenow, K.P.; Rasmussen, P.W.; Garrison, P.J.; Hanson, 

P.C.; Hunt, R.J., 2013. Potential effects of climate change on inland glacial lakes and 

implications for lake-dependent biota in Wisconsin: final report April 2013. Focus on 

Energy , x, 166 p.

Watras, C.J., Morrow, M., Morrison, K., Scannell, S., Yaziciaglu, S., Read, J.S., Hu, 

Y.H., Hanson, P.C.,Kratz, T.K., 2013. Evaluation of wireless sensor networks 

(WSNs) for remote wetland monitoring: Design and initial results. Environmental 

Monitoring and Assessment. doi:10.1007/s10661-013-3424-8 

2012

Juckem, P.F., Reneau, P.C., and Robertson, D.M., 2012, Estimation of natural historical 

flows for the Manitowish River near Manitowish Waters, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological 

Survey Scientific Invest. Report 2012–5135. 42 p.

Robertson, D.M., Garn, H.S., Rose, W.J., Juckem, P.J., and Reneau, P.C., 2012, 

Hydrology, water quality, and response to simulated changes in phosphorus loading 

of Mercer Lake, Iron County, Wisconsin, with emphasis on effects of wastewater 

discharges on water quality: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 

2012-5134, 58 p.
136

2011

Feinstein, D.T., Dunning, C.P., Juckem, P.F., and Hunt, R.J., 2010, Application of the 

Local Grid Refinement package to an inset model simulating the interactions of 

lakes, wells, and shallow groundwater, northwestern Waukesha County, Wisconsin: 

U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5214, 30 p.

Robertson, D.M. and Rose, W.J., 2011, Response in the trophic state of stratified lakes 

to changes in hydrology and water level: potential effects of climate change: Journal 

of Water and Climate Change, vol. 2. No. 1, p. 1-18.

2010

Garn, H.S., Robertson, D.M., Rose, W.J., and Saad, D.A., 2010, Hydrology, water 

quality, and response to simulated changes in phosphorus loading of Minocqua and 

Kawaguesaga Lakes, Oneida County, Wisconsin, with special emphasis on effects of 

urbanization: U.S. Geol. Survey Scientific Invest. Report 2010-5196.

2009

Robertson, D.M., Rose, W.J., and Fitzpatrick, F.A., 2009, Water quality and hydrology of 

Silver Lake, Barron County, Wisconsin, with special emphasis on the responses of a 

terminal lake to changes in phosphorus loading and water level: U.S. Geol. Survey 

Scientific Invest. Report 2009–5077, 38 p. 

Robertson, D.M., Rose, W.J., and Juckem, P.F., 2009, Water quality and hydrology of

 Whitefish Lake, Douglas County, Wisconsin, with special emphasis on the responses

 of an oligotrophic seepage lake to changes in phosphorus loading and water level: 

 U.S. Geol. Survey Scientific Invest. Report 2009–5089, 41 p.

2008

Chung, E., Schladow, S.G., Perez-Losada, J., and Robertson, D.M., 2008, A linked 

hydrodynamic and water quality model for the Salton Sea: Hydrobiologia, v. 604, p. 

57–75.

Robertson, D.M., and Rose, W.J., 2008, Water quality, hydrology, and simulated 

response to changes in phosphorus loading of Butternut Lake, Price and Ashland 

Counties, Wisconsin, with special emphasis on the effects of internal phosphorus 

loading in a polymictic lake: U.S. Geol. Survey Scientific Invest. Report 2008–5053, 

46 p. 

Robertson, D.M., and Schladow, S.G., 2008, Response in the water quality in the Salton 

Sea to changes in phosphorus loading: An empirical modeling approach: 

Hydrobiologia, v. 604, p. 5–19.

Robertson, D.M., Schladow, S.G., and Holdren, G.C., 2008, Long-term changes in the 

phosphorus loading to and trophic state of the Salton Sea: Hydrobiologia, v. 604, p. 

21–36.
137

2007

Robertson, D.M., Garn, H.S., and Rose, W.J., 2007, Response of calcareous Nagawicka 

Lake, Wisconsin, to changes in phosphorus loading. Lake and Reservoir 

Management, Vol. 23, p. 298-312.

Walker, J.F., Saad, D.A., and Hunt, R.J., 2007, Dynamics of CFCs in northern temperate 

lakes and adjacent groundwater. Water Resources. Research 43(4) W04423, 

http://www.agu.org/pubs/crossref/2007/2005WR004647.shtml

2006

Garn, H.S., Robertson, D.M., Rose, W.J., Goddard, G.L., and Horwatich, J.A., 2006, 

Water quality, hydrology, and response to changes in phosphorus loading of 

Nagawicka Lake, a calcareous lake in Waukesha County, Wisconsin: U.S. 

Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report: 2006–5273.

Hunt, R.J., Greb, S.R,, Graczyk, D.J., 2006, Evaluating the effects of nearshore 

development on Wisconsin lakes. USGS Fact Sheet FS-2006-3033, 4 p.

Magnuson, J.J., Benson, B.J., Lenters, J.D, and Robertson, D.M., 2006, Climate driven 

variability and change, Chapter 7, In Magnuson, J.J., Kratz, T.K, and Benson, B.J 

eds. Long-term dynamics of lakes in the landscape, Oxford University Press, p 123–

150.

Saad, D.A., 2005, Pesticides in surface water, bed sediment, and ground water adjacent 

to commercial cranberry bogs, Lac du Flambeau Reservation, Vilas County, 

Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5262, 29 p.

2005

Hunt, R.J., Feinstein, D.T., Pint, C.D., and Anderson, M.P., 2005, The importance of 

diverse data types to calibrate a watershed model of the Trout Lake Basin, northern 

Wisconsin: Journal of Hydrology doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.08.005.

Marzolf, G.R., and Robertson, D.M., 2005, Reservoir, In Encyclopedia of Hydrological 

Sciences: Anderson, M.G., and McDonnell, J.J., eds., v. 4, part 9, John Wiley & 

Sons, p. 1675-1680. 

Robertson, D.M., Rose, W.J., and Saad, D.A., 2005, Water quality, hydrology, and 

phosphorus loading to Little St. Germain Lake, Wisconsin, with special emphasis on 

the effects of winter aeration and ground-water inputs: U.S. Geological Survey 

Scientific Investigations Report 2005–5071, 36 p.

2004

Dupre, D.H., and Robertson, D.M., 2004, Water quality of Nippersink Creek and Wonder 

Lake, McHenry County, Illinois, 1994–2001: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific 

Investigations Report 2004–5085.

Rose, W.J., Robertson, D.M., and Mergener, E.A., 2004, Water quality, hydrology, and 

the effects of changes in phosphorus loading to Pike Lake, Washington County, 

Wisconsin, with special emphasis on inlet-to-outlet short-circuiting: U.S. Geological 

Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004–5141, 32 p.
138

2003

Dunning, C.P., Thomas, J.C., and Lin, Y.F., 2003, Simulation of the shallow aquifer in 

the vicinity of Silver Lake, Washington County, Wisconsin, using analytic elements: 

U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 02–4204, 29 p.

Fitzpatrick, F.A., Garrison, P.J., Fitzgerald, S.A., and Elder, J.F., 2003, Nutrient, traceelement, and ecological history of Musky Bay, Lac Courte Oreilles, Wisconsin, as 

inferred from sediment cores: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources 

Investigations Report 02–4225, 141 p.

Fitzpatrick, F.A., and Peppler, M.C., 2003, Sedimentation and sediment chemistry, 

Neopit Mill Pond, Menominee Indian Reservation, Wisconsin, 2001: U.S. Geological 

Survey Open-File Report 03–23, 58 p.

Garn, H.S., Elder, J.F., and Robertson, D.M., 2003, Why study lakes? An overview of 

U.S. Geological Survey lake studies in Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Fact 

Sheet FS–063–03, 8 p.

Graczyk, D.G., Hunt, R.J., Greb, S.R., Buchwald, C.A., and Krohelski, J.T., 2003, 

Hydrology, water quality, and yields, from near-shore flows to four lakes in northern 

Wisconsin, 1999–2001: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations 

Report 03–4144. 64 p.

Hunt, R.J., 2003, Ground water-lake interaction modeling using the LAK3 Package for 

MODFLOW2000: Ground Water, vol. 41, no. 2, p. 114–118.

Hunt, R.J., Haitjema, H.M., Krohelski, J.T., and Feinstein, D.T., 2003, Simulating ground 

water-lake interactions: approaches and insights: Ground Water, vol. 41, no. 22, p. 

227–237.

Hunt, R.J., Pint, C.D., and Anderson, M.P., 2003, Using diverse data types to calibrate a 

watershed model of the Trout Lake Basin, northern Wisconsin, In MODFLOW and 

More 2003—Understanding through modeling: Proceedings of the 5th International 

Conference of the International Ground Water Modeling Center. Golden, CO: 

Colorado School of Mines, p. 600–604.

Hunt, R.J., Saad, D.A., and Chapel, D.M., 2003, Numerical simulation of ground water 

flow in La Crosse County, Wisconsin and into nearby pools of the Mississippi River: 

U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 03–4154. 36 p.

John, R., Pint, C.D., Anderson, M.P., and Hunt, R.J., 2003, The effects of potential 

climate change on lake levels and lake capture zones, In MODFLOW and More 

2003—Understanding through modeling: Proceedings of the 5th International 

Conference of the International Ground Water Modeling Center. Golden, CO: 

Colorado School of Mines, p. 212–216.

Magnuson, J.J., Krohelski, J.T., Kunkel, K.E., and Robertson, D.M., 2003, Wisconsin's 

waters and climate—historical changes and possible futures, In Wisconsin's waters: 

a confluence of perspectives: Transactions of the Wisconsin Academy, p. 23–36.

Pint, C.D., Hunt, R.J., and Anderson, M.P., 2003, Flow path delineation and ground 

water age, Allequash Basin, Wisconsin: Ground Water, vol. 41, no. 7, p. 895–902.
139

Robertson, D.M., Rose, W.J., and Garn, H.S., 2003, Water quality and the effects of 

changes in phosphorus loading, Red Cedar Lakes, Barron and Washburn Counties, 

Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 03–

4238, 42 p.

Robertson, D.M., Rose, W.J., and Saad, D.A., 2003, Water quality and the effects of 

changes in phosphorus loading to Muskellunge Lake, Vilas County, Wisconsin: U.S. 

Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 03–4011, 18 p.

2002

Anderson, M.P., Hunt, R.J., Krohelski, J.T., and Chung, K., 2002, Using high hydraulic 

conductivity nodes to simulate seepage lakes: Ground Water 40(2), p. 119–124.

Garn, H. S., 2002, Effects of lawn fertilizer on nutrient concentration in runoff from 

lakeshore lawns, Lauderdale Lakes, Wisconsin: USGS Water-Resources 

Investigations Report 02–4130, 6 p.

Kelson, V.A., Hunt, R.J., and Haitjema, H.M., 2002, Improving a regional model using 

reduced complexity and parameter estimation: Ground Water, vol. 40, no. 2, p. 138–

149.

Krohelski, J.T., Lin, Y., Rose, W.J., and Hunt, R.J., 2002, Simulation of Fish, Mud and 

Crystal Lakes and the shallow ground-water system, Dane County, Wisconsin: 

USGS Water-Resources Investigations Report 02–20. 

Krohelski, J.T., Rose, W.J., and Hunt, R.J., 2002, Hydrologic investigation of Powell 

Marsh and its relationship to Dead Pike Lake Vilas County, Wisconsin: USGS WaterResources Investigations Report 02–4034.

Madenjian, C.P., Fahenstiel, G.L., Johengen, T.H., Nalepa, T.F., Venderploeg, H.A., 

Fleischer, G.W., Schneeberger, P.J., Benjamin, D.M., Smith, E.B., Bence, J.R., 

Rutherford, E.S., Lavis, D.S., Robertson, D.M., Jude, D.J., and Ebener, M.P., 2002, 

Dynamics of the Lake Michigan food web, 1970–2000: Canadian Journal of Fisheries 

and Aquatic Sciences, Vol. 59, p. 736–753.

Robertson, D.M., Goddard, G.L, Mergerer, E.A., Rose, W.J., and Garrison, P.J., 2002, 

Hydrology and water quality of Geneva Lake, Walworth County, Wisconsin: U.S. 

Geological Survey Water Resources Investigations Report 02–4039, 73 p.

Robertson, D.M., and Lenz, B.N., 2002, Response of the St. Croix River Pools, 

Wisconsin and Minnesota, to various phosphorus-loading scenarios: U.S. Geological 

Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 02–4181, 36 p.

2001

Hunt, R.J., Bradbury, K.R., and Krohelski, J.T., 2001, The effects of large-scale pumping 

and diversion on the water resources in Dane County, Wisconsin: USGS Fact Sheet 

FS–127–01, 4 p. 
140

Hunt, R.J., Haitjema, H.M., Krohelski, J.T., and Feinstein, D.T., 2001, Simulating 

groundwater-lake interactions with models: MODFLOW and analytic element 

approaches, In MODFLOW 2001 and Other Modeling Odysseys: Proceedings of the 

4th International Conference of the International Ground Water Modeling Center. 

Golden, CO: Colorado School of Mines, p. 328–334.

Lin, Y., Krohelski, J.T., and Hunt, R.J., 2001, Simulation of lake stage in two seepage 

lakes in southcentral Wisconsin using the LAK3 package for MODFLOW, In

MODFLOW 2001 and Other Modeling Odysseys: Proceedings of the 4th 

International Conference of the International Ground Water Modeling Center. 

Golden, CO: Colorado School of Mines, p. 411–417.

2000

Elder, J.F., Robertson, D.M., and Garrison, P.J., 2000, Chemical composition of surficial 

deposits in Geneva Lake, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet FS–121–

00.

Elder J.F., Rybicki, N.B., Carter, V.P., and Weintraub, V., 2000, Sources and yields of 

dissolved carbon in northern Wisconsin stream catchments with differing amounts of 

peatland: Wetlands, vol. 20, no. 1, p.113–125.

Hunt, R.J., Graczyk, D.J., and Rose, W.J., 2000, Water flows in the Necedah National 

Wildlife Refuge: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet FS–068–00, 4 p.

Hunt, R.J., Lin, J., Krohelski, J.T., and Juckem, P.F., 2000, Simulation of the shallow 

hydrologic system in the vicinity of Middle Genesee Lake, Wisconsin, using analytic 

elements and parameter estimation: U.S. Geological Survey Water Resources 

Investigations Report 00–4136, 16 p.

Lathrop, R.C., Carpenter, S.R., and Robertson, D.M., 2000, Interacting factors causing 

exceptional water clarity in Lakes Mendota and Monona, Wisconsin: Proc. of the 

International Limnological Society, SIL, Dublin, Ireland, August, 1998.

Magnuson, J.J., Robertson, D.M. Wynne, R.H., Benson, B.J., Livigstone, D.M., Arai, T., 

Assel, R.A., Barry, R.G., Card, V., Kuusisto, E., Granin, N.G., Prowse, T.D., Stewart, 

K.M., and Vuglinski, V.S., 2000, Historical trends in lake and river ice cover in the 

northern hemisphere: Science, Vol. 289, No. 5485, p. 1743–1746.

Magnuson, J.J., Wynne, R.H., Benson, B.J., and Robertson, D.M., 2000, Lake and river 

ice as a powerful indicator of past and present climates: Proc. of the International 

Limnological Society, SIL, Dublin, Ireland, August, 1998.

Robertson, D.M., 2000, One-dimensional simulation of stratification and dissolved 

oxygen in McCook Reservoir, Illinois: U.S. Geological Survey Water Resources 

Investigations Report 00–4258, 17 p.

Robertson, D.M., Goddard, G.L., Helsel, D.R., and MacKinnon, K.L., 2000, 

Rehabilitation of Delavan Lake, Wisconsin: Lake and Reservoir Management, vol. 

20, vo. 3, p. 155–176.
141

Robertson, D.M., and Rose, W.J., 2000, Hydrology, water quality, and phosphorus 

loading of Little St. Germain Lake, Vilas County, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey 

Water Resources Investigations Report 00–4209, 8 p.

Robertson, D.M., Wynne, R.H., and Chang, W.Y.B., 2000, Variability in ice cover across 

the northern hemisphere during the 1900's associated with El Nino events: 

Proceedings of the International Limnological Society, SIL, Dublin, Ireland, August, 

1998.

Saad, D.A., and Robertson, D.M., 2000, Water-resources-related information for the St. 

Croix Reservation and vicinity, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Water Resources 

Investigations Report 00–4133, 65 p.

Johnson, G.P., Hornewer, N.J., Robertson, D.M., and Olson, D.T., 2000, Methodology, 

data collection, and data analysis for determination of water-mixing patterns induced 

by aerators and mixers: U.S. Geological Survey Water Resources Investigations 

Report 00–4101, 72 p.

Grannemann, N.G., Hunt, R.J., Nicholas, J.R. Reilly, T.E., and Winter, T.C., 2000, The 

importance of ground water to the Great Lakes Region: U.S. Geological Survey 

Water Resources Investigations Report 00–4008, 12 p.

 1999

Lathrop, R.C., Carpenter, S.R., and Robertson, D.M., 1999, Summer water clarity 

responses to phosphorus, Daphnia grazing, and internal mixing in Lake Mendota: 

Limnology and Oceanography, vol. 44, no. 1, p. 137–146.

Krohelski, J.T., Feinstein, D.T., and Lenz, B.N., 1999, Simulation of stage and hydrologic 

budget for Shell Lake, Washburn County, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey WaterResources Investigations Report 99–4209, 23 p.

Panuska, J.C., and Robertson, D.M., 1999, Estimating phosphorus concentrations 

following alum treatment using apparent settling velocities: Lakes and Reservoir 

Management, vol. 15, no. 1, p. 28–38.

 1998

Hunt, R.J, Anderson, M.P., and Kelson, V.A., 1998, Improving a complex finitedifference ground water flow model through the use of an analytic element screening 

model: Ground Water, vol. 36, no. 6, p. 1011–1017.

Hunt, R.J, Anderson, M.P., and Kelson, V.A., 1998, Linking an analytic element flow 

code to MODFLOW— Implementation and benefits, In MODFLOW’98: Proceedings 

of the 3rd International Conference of the International Ground Water Center. 

Golden, CO: Colorado School of Mines, p 477–504.

Krabbenhoft, D.P., Gilmour, C.C., Benoit, J.M., Babiarz, C.L., Andren, A.W., and Hurley, 

J.P., 1998, Methyl mercury dynamics in littoral sediments of a temperate lake: 

Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, vol. 55, p. 835–844.
142

Robertson, D.M., Elder, J.F., Goddard, G.L., and James, W.F., 1998, Dynamics in 

phosphorus retention in wetlands upstream of Delavan Lake, Wisconsin: Lakes and 

Reservoir Management, vol. 14, no. 4, p. 466–477.

Rose, W.J., and Robertson, D.M., 1998, Hydrology, water quality, and phosphorus 

loading of Kirby Lake, Barron County, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 

FS–066–98, 4 p.

Walker, J.F. and Krabbenhoft, D.P., 1998, Groundwater and surface-water interactions 

in riparian and lake-dominated systems, In Kendall, C. and McDonnell, J.J. eds., 

Isotope tracers in catchment hydrology, Elsevier Publishing, New York, 839 p.

1997

Elder, J.F., Manion, B.J., and Goddard, G.L., 1997, Mesocosm experiments to assess 

factors affecting phosphorus retention and release in an extended Wisconsin 

wetland: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 97–4272, 

14 p.

Goddard, G.L., and Elder, J.F., 1997, Retention of sediments and nutrients in Jackson 

Creek Wetland near Delavan Lake, Wisconsin, 1993–95: U.S. Geological Survey 

Water-Resources Investigations Report 97–4014, 22 p.

Hornewer, N.J., Johnson, G.P., Robertson, D.M. and Hondzo, M., 1997, Field-scale 

tests for determining mixing patterns associated with coarse-bubble air diffuser 

configurations, Egan Quarry, Illinois, In Environmental and Coastal Hydraulics: 

Protecting the Aquatic Habitat, Proceedings of the International Association of 

Hydraulic Research, San Francisco, CA, USA, p. 57–63.

Robertson, D.M., 1997, Regionalized loads of sediment and phosphorus to Lakes 

Michigan and Superior—High flow and long-term average: Journal of Great Lakes 

Research, vol. 23, p. 416–439.

1996

Anderson, W.L., Robertson, D.M., and Magnuson, J.J., 1996, Evidence of recent 

warming and El Nino-related variation in ice breakup of Wisconsin lakes: Limnology 

and Oceanography, vol. 41, p. 815–821.

Elder, J.F. and Goddard, G.L., 1996, Sediment and nutrient trapping efficiency of a 

constructed wetland near Delavan Lake, Wisconsin, 1993–1995: U.S. Geological 

Survey Fact Sheet FS–232–96.

Garn, H.S., Olson, D.L., Seidel, T.L., and Rose, W.J., 1996, Hydrology and water quality 

of Lauderdale Lakes, Walworth County, Wisconsin, 1993–94: U.S. Geological 

Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96–4235, 29 p.

Hunt, R.J. and Krohelski, J.T., 1996, The application of an analytical element model to 

investigate groundwater-lake interactions at Pretty Lake, Wisconsin: Lake and 

Reservoir Management, vol. 12, p. 487–495.
143

Imberger, J., Robertson, D.M., and Boland, K., 1996, Lake Number—A quantitative 

indicator of mixing to be used in water quality management: Scientific Impeller, 

Solna, Sweden, no. 4, p. 9–15.

Kammerer, P.A., Jr., 1996, Hydrology and water quality of Park Lake, South-central 

Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet FS–197–96.

Robertson, D.M., Field, S.J, Elder, J.F., Goddard, G.L., and James, W.F., 1996, 

Phosphorus dynamics of Delavan Lake Inlet in southeastern Wisconsin: U.S. 

Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96–4160, 18 p.

1995

Assel, R.A. and Robertson, D.M. 1995, Changes in winter air temperatures near Lake 

Michigan during 1851–1993, as determined from regional lake-ice records: 

Limnology and Oceanography, v. 40, p 165–176.

Assel, R.A., Robertson, D.M., Hoff, M.H., and Selgeby, J.H., 1995, Climatic-change 

implications from long-term (1823–1994) ice records near the Laurentian Great 

Lakes: Annals of Glaciology, vol. 21, p. 383–386.

Krabbenhoft, D.P., and Webster, K.E., 1995, Transient hydrogeological controls on the 

chemistry of a seepage lake: Water Resources Research, vol. 31, no. 9, p. 2295–

2305.

Krohelski, J.T. and Batten, W.G., 1995, Simulation of stage and the hydrologic budget of 

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1993

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148

APPENDIX

Wisconsin Lakes Team

Quality-Assurance Plan

Most lake studies and monitoring programs that are conducted by the USGS Wisconsin

Water Science Center entail water sampling and analysis to determine water quality and

biological productivity. Because all sampling and analysis is subject to error and random

variablility, a certain proportion of the sampling effort should include quality-assurance

samples. Sampling by the USGS was done by the Lake Studies Team of the USGS 

Wisconsin Water Science Center. This team implements a quality-assurance plan each 

year that involves collecting three types of samples from a subset of the lakes studied 

each year, which include blanks, replicates, and spikes (U.S. Geological Survey, 

Wisconsin Water Science Center Lake Studies Team). These samples are collected 

and/or prepared solely for the purpose of assessing the magnitude of error and random 

variability so that the accuracy and precision of all data can be evaluated. The plan for 

this quality-assurance sampling is described below.

Three types of QA/QC samples are collected:

blanks

Provide information about accuracy and errors due to treatment or reagents

replicates

provide information about precision (variability)

standard additions (spikes)

provide information about accuracy and matrix interferences

Blank Sampling

B1. A preservation blank consists of deionized water or inorganic blank water, to which 

is added any reagents or preservatives that are normally added to natural water 

samples. The blank is not taken to the field, but is shipped to the laboratory for analysis 

along with the natural water samples.

This blank sample is analyzed for the Nutrient Group1 and chlorophyll-a.

B2. A field blank consists of deionized water or inorganic blank water treated exactly 

the same as regular samples. During winter, the field blank is analyzed for total 

phosphorus (TP) only; during summer, it is analyzed for TP and chlorophyll-a, and in the 

spring it is analyzed for the Nutrient Group and chlorophyll-a.

-------------------------------------------------------------

1

Nutrient Group = all phosphorus and nitrogen species that are commonly determined in

lakes (total phosphorus, nitrate + nitrite, ammonia, total Kjeldahl nitrogen, total nitrogen)
149

Replicate Sampling

Triplicate samples are taken near water surface in summer for analysis of total 

phosphorus and chlorophyll-a. For a portion of the sites where surface triplicates 

are collected, a set of triplicate samples is also taken from near-bottom water, for 

analysis of total phosphorus.

Triplicate samples collected in the spring are taken near the water surface for 

analysis of the Nutrient Group.

Standard Addition Testing

Replicate samples are collected for a standard addition (spike) test, which

consists of an addition of a prepared phosphorus solution (standard) of known 

volume and concentration, such that the expected result of analysis is the natural 

water TP concentration plus the known addition. One sample from each set will

receive no spike (the mean of these gives the natural water TP concentration). 

Data and results of replicate sampling and field blank testing for the past five 

years are shown in Table A1.
150

Table A1. Analyses of replicate samples from Wisconsin lakes in water years 2009-2013. See text for procedures used. Phosphorus

data in milligrams per liter; chlorophyll data in micrograms per liter. Symbol "<" indicates less than given detection limit (DL); mean and

standard deviation not calculated for datasets containing values less than DL. 

Parameter Lake Date Mean

Standard 

Deviation

Percent 

Standard 

Deviation

Beulah 2/23/09 0.013 0.013 0.013 0.000 0.0

Beulah 8/24/09 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.000 0.0

Delavan 9/15/09 0.035 0.031 0.031 0.032 0.002 7.1

Beulah 8/19/10 0.015 0.016 0.016 0.001 4.6

Big Cedar, South 8/24/10 0.015 0.014 0.015 0.001 4.9

Powers 8/30/10 0.021 0.022 0.022 0.001 3.3

Beulah 8/10/11 0.140 0.170 0.155 0.021 13.7

Oconomowoc 7/25/11 0.013 0.010 0.012 0.012 0.002 13.1

Powers 7/25/11 0.017 0.018 0.020 0.018 0.002 8.3

Wind 7/25/11 0.018 0.019 0.021 0.019 0.002 7.9

Anvil 7/17/12 0.024 0.035 0.028 0.029 0.006 19.2

Beulah 8/29/12 0.014 0.015 0.016 0.015 0.001 6.7

Big Cedar, South 8/24/12 0.011 0.011 0.011 0.011 0.000 0.0

Little Cedar, S. 8/24/12 0.012 0.013 0.013 0.001 5.7

Powers 8/30/12 0.015 0.015 0.016 0.015 0.001 3.8

Anvil 10/16/12 0.180 0.180 0.180 0.000 0.0

Beulah 8/14/13 0.170 0.170 0.170 0.170 0.000 0.0

Big Cedar, South 8/24/10 0.081 0.067 0.074 0.010 13.4

Powers 8/30/10 0.036 0.038 0.037 0.001 3.8

Anvil 7/17/12 0.028 0.025 0.031 0.028 0.003 10.7

Big Cedar, South 8/24/12 0.025 0.025 0.028 0.026 0.002 6.7

Little Cedar, S. 8/24/12 0.168 0.170 0.169 0.001 0.8

Beulah 2/23/09 <0.002 <0.002 NA NA NA

Beulah 8/24/09 <0.002 <0.002 NA NA NA

Beulah 8/19/10 <0.002 <0.002 NA NA NA

Beulah 8/10/11 <0.002 <0.002 NA NA NA

Anvil 7/17/12 0.007 <0.002 0.003 NA NA NA

Beulah 8/29/12 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 NA NA NA

Beulah 8/14/13 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 NA NA NA

Beulah 2/23/09 0.211 0.204 0.208 0.005 2.4

Beulah 8/24/09 0.032 0.035 0.034 0.002 6.3

Beulah 8/19/10 <0.015 0.030 NA NA NA

Beulah 8/10/11 0.032 0.029 0.031 0.002 7.0

Anvil 7/17/12 <0.015 0.019 0.018 NA NA NA

Beulah 8/29/12 <0.015 <0.015 <0.015 NA NA NA

Beulah 8/14/13 <0.015 <0.015 <0.015 NA NA NA

Beulah 2/23/09 0.660 0.690 0.675 0.021 3.1

Beulah 8/24/09 0.160 0.530 0.345 0.262 75.8

Beulah 8/19/10 0.580 0.680 0.63 0.071 11.2

Beulah 8/10/11 0.560 0.460 0.510 0.071 13.9

Anvil 7/17/12 0.280 0.390 0.410 0.360 0.070 19.4

Beulah 8/29/12 0.800 0.500 0.460 0.587 0.186 31.7

Beulah 8/14/13 0.420 0.640 0.530 0.156 29.4

 Dissolved 

Phosphorus

Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen

Dissolved Ammonia

Replicate Data

 Total Phosphorus

Total Phosphorus, 

near bottom
151

Table A1. -- continued

Parameter Lake Date Mean

Standard 

Deviation

Percent 

Standard 

Deviation

Beulah 2/23/09 0.673 0.721 0.697 0.034 4.9

Beulah 8/24/09 0.074 0.073 0.074 0.001 1.0

Beulah 8/19/10 0.022 0.022 0.022 0.000 0.0

Beulah 8/10/11 0.067 0.066 0.067 0.001 1.1

Anvil 7/17/12 <0.019 <0.019 <0.019 NA NA NA

Beulah 8/29/12 <0.019 <0.019 <0.019 NA NA NA

Beulah 8/14/13 <0.019 <0.019 <0.019 NA NA NA

Beulah 2/23/09 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.00 0.0

Beulah 8/24/09 2.66 2.90 2.78 0.17 6.1

Delavan 9/15/09 10.80 10.10 9.8 10.23 0.51 5.0

Beulah 8/19/10 5.35 5.56 5.46 0.15 2.72

Big Cedar, South 8/24/10 3.93 3.9 3.92 0.02 0.54

Beulah 8/10/11 4.45 5.24 4.85 0.56 11.53

Anvil 7/17/12 5.10 3.95 3.74 4.26 0.73 17.17

Beulah 8/29/12 5.36 4.68 6.11 5.38 0.72 13.29

Big Cedar, South 8/24/12 3.72 3.55 3.53 3.60 0.10 2.90

Beulah 8/14/13 5.68 5.56 4.81 5.35 0.47 8.81

Beulah 2/23/09 <1.0 <1.0 NA NA NA

Beulah 8/24/09 <1.0 <1.0 NA NA NA

Beulah 8/19/10 <1.0 <1.0 NA NA NA

Beulah 8/10/11 <1.0 <1.0 NA NA NA

Beulah 8/29/12 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 NA NA NA

Beulah 8/14/13 3.2 4.3 2.5 3.3 0.907 27.2

Beulah 3/4/08 62.8 62.5 62.65 0.212 0.3

Beulah 8/26/08 47.9 47.6 47.75 0.212 0.4

Beulah 2/23/09 63 63.8 63.4 0.566 0.9

Beulah 8/24/09 41.7 41.9 41.8 0.141 0.3

Beulah 8/19/10 47 47.3 47.15 0.212 0.4

Beulah 8/10/11 37.4 38 37.7 0.424 1.1

Beulah 8/29/12 35.9 36.5 36.6 36.3 0.379 1.0

Beulah 3/4/08 35.6 35.5 35.55 0.071 0.2

Beulah 8/26/08 32.8 32.5 32.65 0.212 0.6

Beulah 2/23/09 34.7 35.1 34.9 0.283 0.8

Beulah 8/24/09 31.2 31.3 31.25 0.071 0.2

Beulah 8/19/10 34.1 33.8 33.95 0.212 0.6

Beulah 8/10/11 36.7 37.1 36.90 0.283 0.8

Beulah 8/29/12 37.4 38.1 38.1 37.87 0.404 1.1

Beulah 3/4/08 1.8 1.9 1.85 0.071 3.8

Beulah 8/26/08 1.4 1.4 1.4 0.000 0.0

Beulah 2/23/09 1.7 1.7 1.7 0.000 0.0

Beulah 8/24/09 1.4 1.4 1.4 0.000 0.0

Beulah 8/19/10 1.4 1.5 1.45 0.071 4.9

Beulah 8/10/11 1.5 1.6 1.55 0.071 4.6

Beulah 8/29/11 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.77 0.058 3.3

Beulah 3/4/08 9.9 10 9.95 0.071 0.7

Beulah 8/26/08 9 8.9 8.95 0.071 0.8

Beulah 2/23/09 9.7 9.8 9.75 0.071 0.7

Beulah 8/24/09 8.6 8.7 8.65 0.071 0.8

Beulah 8/19/10 10.4 11.4 10.9 0.707 6.5

Beulah 8/10/11 10.4 10.7 10.55 0.212 2.0

Beulah 8/29/12 11.4 11.5 12.1 11.67 0.379 3.2

Replicate Data

Diss. Potassium

Diss. Magnesium

Dissolved Sodium

Dissolved Calcium

Turbidity, NTU

Chlorophyll-a 

(micrograms per liter)

Dissolved Nitrate plus 

Nitrite
152

Table A1. -- continued

Parameter Lake Date Mean

Standard 

Deviation

Percent 

Standard 

Deviation

Beulah 2/23/09 258 256 257 1.414 0.6

Beulah 8/24/09 209 209 209 0.000 0.0

Beulah 8/19/10 208 207 207.5 0.707 0.3

Beulah 8/10/11 194 194 194 0.000 0.0

Beulah 8/29/12 206 205 205 205.3 0.577 0.3

Beulah 8/14/13 221 222 221 221.3 0.577 0.3

Beulah 3/4/08 23.5 23.7 23.6 0.141 0.6

Beulah 8/26/08 21 20.9 20.95 0.071 0.3

Beulah 2/23/09 23 22.9 22.95 0.071 0.3

Beulah 8/24/09 21.6 21.4 21.5 0.141 0.7

Beulah 8/19/10 21.6 21.5 21.55 0.071 0.3

Beulah 8/10/11 24.7 24.5 24.6 0.141 0.6

Beulah 8/29/12 26.9 27.1 27.1 27.03 0.115 0.4

Beulah 2/23/09 14.8 15 14.9 0.141 0.9

Beulah 8/24/09 11.3 11.3 11.3 0.000 0.0

Beulah 8/19/10 18.1 18.1 18.1 0.000 0.0

Beulah 8/10/11 12.7 12.7 12.7 0.00 0.0

Beulah 8/29/12 14.6 14.5 14.5 14.5 0.06 0.4

Beulah 8/14/13 8.92 9.1 8.87 9.0 0.12 1.3

Beulah 2/23/09 30.5 30.8 30.65 0.212 0.7

Beulah 8/24/09 27.7 27.8 27.75 0.071 0.3

Beulah 8/19/10 25.9 25.8 25.85 0.071 0.3

Beulah 8/10/11 29.3 29.2 29.25 0.071 0.2

Beulah 8/29/12 32.5 32.8 32.5 32.6 0.173 0.5

Beulah 8/14/13 25 25.3 25.3 25.2 0.173 0.7

Beulah 3/4/08 <100 <100 NA NA NA

Beulah 8/26/08 <100 <100 NA NA NA

Beulah 2/23/09 <100 <100 NA NA NA

Beulah 8/24/09 <100 <100 NA NA NA

Beulah 8/19/10 <100 <100 NA NA NA

Beulah 8/10/11 <100 <100 NA NA NA

Beulah 8/29/12 <100 <100 <100 NA NA NA

Beulah 8/26/08 <0.5 <0.5 NA NA NA

Beulah 2/23/09 <1.0 <1.0 NA NA NA

Beulah 8/24/09 <1.0 <1.0 NA NA NA

Beulah 8/10/11 <1.0 <1.0 NA NA NA

Beulah 8/29/12 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 NA NA NA

Beulah 2/23/09 350 346 348 2.83 0.8

Beulah 8/24/09 312 312 312 0.00 0.0

Beulah 8/19/10 284 286 285 1.41 0.5

Beulah 8/10/11 270 272 271 1.41 0.5

Beulah 8/29/12 282 276 278 279 3.06 1.1

Beulah 8/14/13 312 298 318 309 10.3 3.3

Diss. Manganese

Diss. Chloride

Replicate Data

Dissolved Iron

ANC as CaCO3

Dissolved Silica

Dissolved Solids

Dissolved Sulfate
153

Table A2. Data from tests of blanks, 2009-2013. All data in milligrams per liter, unless otherwise indicated.

< = less than given detection limit; E = estimated value.

Delavan Lake. Analyses at USGS National Water Quality Laboratory, Lakewood, CO. 

Parameter 9/14/09

Total Phosphorus <0.008

Dissolved orthophosphate <0.008

Chlorophyll a ---

Lake Beulah at Deep Hole near East Troy, WI. Analysis at Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, Madison, WI

Parameter 2/22/09 8/20/09 8/19/10 8/10/11

Total Phosphorus <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005

Dissolved orthophosphate <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002

Total Kjeldahl <0.14 <0.14 <0.14 <0.14

Dissolved Ammonia <0.015 <0.015 0.015 <0.015

Dissolved Nitrate plus Nitrite <0.019 <0.019 <0.019 <0.019

Chlorophyll a (μg/L) <0.260 <0.260 <0.260 <0.260

Dissolved Calcium <0.10 <0.10 <0.10 <0.10

Dissolved Magnesium <0.10 <0.10 <0.10 <0.10

Dissolved Potassium <0.10 <0.10 <0.10 <0.10

Dissolved Sodium <0.10 <0.10 <0.10 <0.10

ANC as CaCO3 <2 <2 <2 3

Dissolved Chloride <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

Dissolved Silica <0.022 <0.022 <0.022 <0.022

Dissolved Sulfate <4.5 <4.5 <4.5 <4.5

Dissolved Iron <100 <100 <100 <100

Dissolved Manganese <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

Dissolved Solids <50 <50 <50 <50

Turbidity, NTU --- <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

Mercer Lake at Main Deep Hole at Mercer, WI, WI. Analysis at Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, Madison, WI

Parameter 8/27/10

Total Phosphorus < 0.005

Wind Lake at Wind Lake, WI. Analyses at Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, Madison, WI

Parameter 8/30/10

Total Phosphorus < 0.005

Chlorophyll a (ug/L) ---

Silver Lake near West Bend, WI. Analyses at Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, Madison, WI

Parameter 8/31/09

Total Phosphorus < 0.005

Chlorophyll a (ug/L) <0.260

Manteufel and Robertson—Water-Quality and Lake-Stage Data for Wisconsin Lakes, Water Years 2012–2013—Open-File Report 2016–1050

ISSN 2328-0328 (online)

https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161050