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_________________ 1 Cite as: 574 U. S. ____ (2014)

G INSBURG , J., dissenting


## SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES

Nos. 14A393, 14A402 and 14A404

MARC VEASEY, ET AL

. 14A393 v. RICK PERRY, GOVERNOR OF TEXAS, ET AL

.
ON APPLICATION TO VACATE STAY

TEXAS STATE CONFERENCE OF NAACP BRANCHES, ET AL

. 14A402 v. NANDITA BERRY, TEXAS SECRETARY OF STATE, ET AL

.
ON APPLICATION TO VACATE STAY

UNITED STATES v

. TEXAS, ET AL

. 14A404

ON APPLICATION TO VACATE STAY

[October 18, 2014]
The applications to vacate the stay entered by the Unit

ed States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit on October 14, 2014, presented to Justice Scalia and by him referred to the Court are denied. The motion for leave to file the response to the applications under seal with redacted copies for the public record is granted.
J USTICE G INSBURG , with whom J USTICE S OTOMAYOR and J USTICE K AGAN join, dissenting. I would vacate the Fifth Circuit’s stay of the District Court’s final judgment enjoining the enforcement of Sen

ate Bill 14. This case is unlike the Ohio and North Carolina applica

tions recently before the Court concerning those States’2 VEASEY v. PERRY

G INSBURG , J., dissenting
election procedures. Neither application involved, as this case does, a permanent injunction following a full trial and resting on an extensive record from which the District Court found ballot-access discrimination by the State. I would not upset the District Court’s reasoned, record

based judgment, which the Fifth Circuit accorded slim, if any, deference. Cf. Purcell v. Gonzalez , 549 U. S. 1, 5 (2006) ( per curiam ) (Court of Appeals erred in failing to accord deference to “the ruling and findings of the District Court”). The fact-intensive nature of this case does not justify the Court of Appeals’ stay order; to the contrary, the Fifth Circuit’s refusal to ho me in on the facts found by the District Court is precisely why this Court should vacate the stay. Refusing to evaluate defend ants’ likelihood of success on the merits and, instead, relying exclusively on the poten

tial disruption of Texas’ electoral processes, the Fifth Circuit showed little respect for this Court’s established stay standards. See Nken v. Holder , 556 U. S. 418, 434 (2009) (“most critical” factors in evaluating request for a stay are applicant’s likelihood of success on the merits and whether applicant would suffer irreparable injury absent a stay). Purcell held only that courts must take careful account of considerations specific to election cases, 549 U. S., at 4, not that election cases are exempt from tradi

tional stay standards. In any event, there is little risk that the District Court’s injunction will in fact disrupt Texas’ electoral processes. Texas need only reinstate the voter identification proce

dures it employed for ten years (from 2003 to 2013) and in five federal general elections. To date, the new regime, Senate Bill 14, has been applied in only three low

participation elections—namely, two statewide primaries and one statewide constitutional referendum, in which voter turnout ranged from 1.48% to 9.98%. The November 2014 election would be the very first federal general elec

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G INSBURG , J., dissenting
tion conducted under Senate Bill 14’s regime. In all like

lihood, then, Texas’ poll workers are at least as familiar with Texas’ pre-Senate Bill 14 procedures as they are with the new law’s requirements. True, in Purcell and in recent rulings on applications involving voting procedures, this Court declined to upset a State’s electoral apparatus close to an election. Since November 2013, however, when the District Court estab

lished an expedited schedule for resolution of this case, Texas knew full well that the court would issue its ruling only weeks away from the el ection. The State thus had time to prepare for the prospect of an order barring the enforcement of Senate Bill 14. Of greater significance, the District Court found “woefully lacking” and “grossly” underfunded the State’s efforts to familiarize the public and poll workers regarding the new identification re

quirements. No. 13–cv–00193 (SD Tex., Oct. 9, 2014), pp. 20, 31–32, 91, n. 398 (Op.). Furthermore, after the Dis

trict Court’s injunction issued and despite the State’s application to the Court of Appeals for a stay, Texas stopped issuing alternative “election identification certifi

cates” and completely removed mention of Senate Bill 14’s requirements from government Web sites. See Emergency Application to Vacate Fifth Circuit Stay of Permanent Injunction 11 and App. H. In short, any voter confusion or lack of public confidence in Texas’ electoral processes is in this case largely attributable to the State itself. Senate Bill 14 replaced the previously existing voter identification requirements wi th the strictest regime in the country. Op. 20–21. The Bill requires in-person vot

ers to present one of a limited number of government

issued photo identification documents. Ibid. Texas will not accept several forms of photo ID permitted under the Wisconsin law the Court considered last week.* For ex

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* The District Court enjoined Wiscon sin from implementing the law, the Seventh Circuit stayed the Distri ct Court’s injunction, and in turn,4 VEASEY v. PERRY

G INSBURG , J., dissenting
ample, Wisconsin’s law permits a photo ID from an in

state four-year college and one from a federally recognized Indian tribe. Texas, under Senat e Bill 14, accepts neither. Those who lack the approved forms of identification may obtain an “election identification certificate” from the Texas Department of Public Safety (DPS), but more than 400,000 eligible voters face round-trip travel times of three hours or more to the nearest DPS office. Op. 18, 76. Moreover, applicants for an election identification certifi

cate ordinarily must present a certified birth certificate. Id., at 70. A birth certificate , however, can be obtained only at significant cost—at least $22 for a standard certifi

cate sent by mail. Id ., at 22. And although, for voting purposes, reduced-fee birth certificates may be obtained for $2 to $3, the State did not publicize that option on DPS’s Web site or on Department of Health and Human Services forms for request ing birth certificates. Id ., at 70. On an extensive factual record developed in the course of a nine-day trial, the District Court found Senate Bill 14 irreconcilable with §2 of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 because it was enacted with a racially discriminatory purpose and would yield a prohibited discriminatory result. The District Court emphasized the “virtually unchallenged” evidence that Senate Bill 14 “bear[s] more heavily on” minority voters. Id., at 133. In light of the “seismic demographic shift” in Texas between 2000 and 2010, making Texas a “majority-minority state,” the Dis

trict Court observed that the Texas Legislature and Gov

ernor had an evident incentive to “gain partisan ad

vantage by suppressing” the “votes of African-Americans and Latinos.” Id., at 40, 48, 128. Cf. League of United Latin American Citizens v. Perry , 548 U. S. 399, 438–442 (2006) (Texas Legislature acted with a “troubling blend of politics and race” in response to “growing” minority partic

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—————— this Court vacated the Seventh Circuit’s stay. See Frank v. Walker

, ante, p. 1.5 Cite as: 574 U. S. ____ (2014)

G INSBURG , J., dissenting
ipation). The District Court also found a tenuous connec

tion between the harms Senate Bill 14 aimed to ward off, and the means adopted by the State to that end. Between 2002 and 2011, there were only two in-person voter fraud cases prosecuted to conviction in Texas. Op. 13–14. De

spite awareness of the Bill’s adverse effect on eligible-to

vote minorities, the Texas Legi slature rejected a “litany of ameliorative amendments” desi gned to lessen the Bill ’s impact on minority voters—for example, amendments permitting additional forms of identification, eliminating fees, providing indigence exceptions, and increasing voter education and funding—without undermining the Bill’s purported policy justifications. Id., at 35–37, 132 144–147. Texas did not begin to demonstrate that the Bill’s discrim

inatory features were necessa ry to prevent fraud or to increase public confidence in the electoral process. Id., at 133; see also Id., at 113 (proponents of Bill unable to “articulate any reason that a more expansive list of photo IDs would sabotage” their effo rts at detecting and deter

ring voter fraud). On this plain evidence, the District Court concluded that the Bill would not have been enacted absent its racially disparate effects. Id., at 133. The District Court further found that Senate Bill 14 operates as an unconstitutio nal poll tax—an issue neither presented by any of the recent applications nor before the Court in Crawford v. Marion County Election Bd. , 553 U. S. 181 (2008) (upholding Indiana voter identification law against facial constitutional challenge). See Id., at 186, and n. 4. Under Senate Bill 14, a cost attends every form of qualified identification available to the general public. Op. 140. Texas tells the Court that any number of incidental costs are associated with voting. But the cost at issue here is one deliberately imposed by the State. Even at $2, the toll is at odds with this Court’s precedent. See Harper v. Virginia Bd. of Elections , 383 U. S. 663 (1966). And for some voters, the imposi tion is not small. A voter6 VEASEY v. PERRY

G INSBURG , J., dissenting

whose birth certificate lists her maiden name or misstates her date of birth may be charged $37 for the amended certificate she needs to obtain a qualifying ID. Texas voters born in other States may be required to pay sub

stantially more than that. Op. 71–74. The potential magnitude of racially discriminatory voter disenfranchisement counseled he sitation before disturbing the District Court’s findings and final judgment. Senate Bill 14 may prevent more than 600,000 registered Texas voters (about 4.5% of all registered voters) from voting in person for lack of compliant identification. Id., at 50–51, 54. A sharply disproportionate percentage of those voters are African-American or Hispanic. Ibid. Unsurprisingly, Senate Bill 14 did not survive federal preclearance under §5 of the Voting Rights Act. A three

judge District Court unanimously determined that the law would have a prohibited discriminatory effect on minority voters. See Texas v. Holder , 888 F. Supp. 2d 113, 115, 138 (DC 2012) (Tatel, J.). Although this Court vacated the preclearance denial in light of Shelby County v. Holder

, 570 U. S. ___ (2013), racial discrimination in elections in Texas is no mere historical artifact. To the contrary, Texas has been found in violation of the Voting Rights Act in every redistricting cycle from and after 1970. Op. 7. See, e.g., Texas v. United States , 887 F. Supp. 2d 133 (DC 2012) (Griffith, J.). The Dis trict Court noted particularly plaintiffs’ evidence—largely unchallenged by Texas— regarding the State’s long history of official discrimination in voting, the statewide existence of racially polarized voting, the incidence of overtly racial political campaigns, the disproportionate lack of minority elected officials, and the failure of elected officials to respond to the concerns of minority voters. Op. 3–13, 122–126, 144–147. The greatest threat to public confidence in elections in this case is the prospect of enforcing a purposefully dis

criminatory law, one that likely imposes an unconstitu

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G INSBURG , J., dissenting
tional poll tax and risks denyin g the right to vote to hun

dreds of thousands of eligible voters. To prevent that disenfranchisement, I would vacate the Fifth Circuit’s stay of the permanent injunction ordered by the District Court.