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Foreword	 	

The global spread of sophisticated information technology is changing the speed at which warfare is 

conducted. Through the early adoption of high-tech data links, worldwide communication networks, people 

skills and advanced reconnaissance and surveillance systems, the U.S. Navy has long enjoyed information 

superiority over potential adversaries. However, our advantage is eroding as more nations, transnational 

criminal organizations and non-state actors are acquiring and employing more advanced computing 

and networked systems. Many, in fact, are actively exploiting our networks and developing the means to 

challenge our technological edge. 

To meet these challenges, the Navy is aggressively pursuing a multi-faceted approach to warfighting which 

ensures our information superiority in future conflict. This Navy Strategy for Achieving Information 

Dominance frames the approach and will guide the development of our information capabilities and their 

integration into the fleet. It reinforces our consolidation of information-related programs, resources and 

manpower under a single sponsor, and accelerates the work accomplished over the last three years to integrate 

Information Dominance into our Navy as a core warfighting competency. Finally, it bolsters our efforts 

to master the cyberspace domain and the electromagnetic spectrum, just as we have mastered the physical 

domains of the maritime battlespace 

Joining surface, subsurface, air and special warfare, information dominance is our newest warfighting pillar, 

delivering the non-kinetic complement to our kinetic capabilities in the cyberspace domain. The Information 

Dominance pillar can be our most powerful asset, or it can be our greatest liability. If we integrate it 

intelligently, and if we execute it correctly, we will be able to seize the operational initiative, gain tactical 

advantage, and win future battles with overwhelming speed. 

Information Dominance is indispensable to our Navy, enabling the Navy to fight and win today, while 

ensuring the ability to win tomorrow. It is imperative that we embrace Navy Information Dominance 

deliberately and expeditiously, and always be ready to fight. Please join us in executing this strategy.

KENDALL L. CARD MICHAEL S. ROGERS

Vice Admiral, U.S. Navy Vice Admiral, U.S. Navy

Deputy Chief of Naval Operations Commander, Fleet Cyber Command/

For Information Dominance Commander, TENTH Fleet
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Navy Strategy for Achieving Information Dominance

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Executive Summary

The continuing evolution in information technology presents both opportunities and challenges for the U.S. 

Navy. Information is becoming increasingly central to all aspects of maritime warfighting and is core to the 

Navy’s strategic, operational and tactical missions of sea control, power projection, deterrence and forward 

presence. Whether characterized as intelligence, surveillance, reconnaissance, networks, communications, 

space, cyber, meteorology, oceanography, or electronic warfare, the Navy is inextricably and irreversibly 

dependent on information. Information provides a source of power but can also be an incapacitating 

weakness if not protected. Mastering the information domain is critical to the Navy’s future success. 

Complicating the Navy’s challenges are the ways in which information has evolved in the modern era. 

Although historically employed as an enabler of combat (information “in” warfare), information is being 

deployed more and more as a weapon (information “as” warfare). Cyberspace is the information warfighting 

domain, and the network and the electromagnetic spectrum comprise the battlespace. This continued 

transformation of information as both a weapon and an enabler in combat is driving an altogether unique 

warfighting capability that the U.S. Navy is calling Information Dominance.

Defined as the operational advantage gained from fully integrating the Navy’s information 

functions, capabilities and resources to optimize decision making and maximize warfighting effects,

Navy Information Dominance has become a leading Service priority. In 2009 the Navy consolidated 

information-related programs, resources, and manpower in order to organize, unify and concentrate 

its information capabilities. This Strategy for Achieving Information Dominance provides the framework 

through which the Navy’s information capabilities will be mainstreamed into the Navy’s culture as a 

distinct warfighting discipline. 

The strategy focuses on the three fundamental Information Dominance capabilities of Assured Command

and Control, Battlespace Awareness, and Integrated Fires, and sets forth the following major goals for 

the 2013–2017 timeframe:

• Strong and Secure Navy Command and Control;

• Persistent, Predictive Battlespace Awareness;

• Integrated Combat Information;

• Integrated Kinetic and Non-kinetic Fires;

• Information Dominance as a Warfighting Discipline.

Future enabling capabilities will be outlined in the follow-on Navy Information 

Dominance Roadmap, 2013–2028. Through this document, the Navy sets its 

sights on attaining decision superiority for the Navy-Marine Corps Team, and joint 

and coalition commanders at multiple levels. It lays the practical foundations for 

mastering the cyberspace domain. This strategy will be reviewed and revalidated 

annually to ensure its continued relevance to current and future Navy operations.

Finally, this strategy is consistent with the 2012 defense strategic guidance, Sustaining U.S. Leadership: 

Priorities for 21st Century Defense, the 2012 Chairman’s Strategic Direction for the Joint Force, and the Chief 

of Naval Operations’ Sailing Directions and Navigation Plan.

Our core responsibilities

Deter aggression and, if deterrence fails, win our Nation’s wars. 

Employ the global reach and persistent presence of forward-stationed 

and rotational forces to secure the Nation from direct attack, assure 

Joint operational access and retain global freedom of action. With 

global partners, protect the maritime freedom that is the basis for 

global prosperity. Foster and sustain cooperative relationships with an 

expanding set of allies and international partners to enhance global 

security.

The enduring responsibilities of each CNO

 Remain ready to meet current challenges, today

 Build a relevant and capable future force

 Enable and support our Sailors, Navy Civilians and their Families

Navy’s contribution and characteristics over 

the next 10-15 years

The U.S. Navy will remain critical to our national security and

our economic prosperity. 

 The Navy will continue to be at the front line of our nation’s efforts in

war and peace with a proud heritage of success in battle on, above, 

and below the sea. 

 The Navy will continue protecting the interconnected systems of 

trade, information, and security that underpin American prosperity.

CNO’s

Sailing Directions

MISSION

VISION 

PRIORITIES
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The Ascendancy & Centrality of

Information

Any new strategy should begin with the question, 

“What has changed?” As an element of modern 

warfare, information has emerged as a center of 

gravity for military commanders and features 

prominently in the nation’s strategy. Whether 

manifested as combat enabler, warfare domain, 

weapon, threat or warfighting discipline, 

information has become an indispensable 

component which must be planned, programmed, 

resourced, practiced, and mastered for military 

success. To comprehend the importance of 

information in this context, it is essential to 

understand its evolving aspects.

Information as enabler. For millennia, access 

to superior information has been an essential 

determinant for success in battle. The importance 

of acquiring, exploiting, protecting and moving 

combat information remains unchanged in the 21st 

Century. What has changed is the instantaneous 

speed and massive volume at which information can 

be discovered, accessed, processed, exploited and 

disseminated, regardless of its origin or intended 

destination. Enabled by advanced technology, the 

military force that senses, processes and delivers 

information more efficiently than its adversary 

will enjoy enhanced and predictive battlespace 

awareness, better command and control (C2), and 

greater decisional agility.

Information as warfare domain. Warfare has 

historically been fought in the physical domains 

involving the land, sea, air and space. With the 

advent of advanced radio, computer and network 

technology, what has changed is the growing 

importance of the electromagnetic (EM) spectrum 

and cyberspace as not only enablers of the physical 

domains, but as a warfighting domain in its own 

right. The cyberspace domain is likely to figure 

largely in future conflicts and crisis. The military 

force that dominates this domain and effectively 

“fights” on its network and in the EM spectrum—

just as it “fights” on ships and aircraft—will 

also develop and maintain an advantage over its 

adversaries.

Information as weapon. Because the Navy 

is inextricably dependent on its networks, and 

because of its centrality to warfighting, the network 

and its components (information, intelligence, 

technology, people, etc.) are, in effect, a combat 

system, a platform and a target. As the 1990’s 

concept of Network Centric Warfare expanded 

and as technology advanced, what has changed

is that we now have a ubiquitous network and 

EM spectrum from which to launch information 

as a weapon. The military force that uses its 

networks and cyberspace to exploit and attack the 

vulnerabilities of its adversaries will maintain a 

combat advantage. Moreover, the military force 

that integrates non-kinetic or electromagnetic strike 

options with traditional kinetic fires will compound 

its warfighting effects. 

Information as threat. The reliance on advanced 

information systems in warfare, however, presents 

challenges. Over the past several years, the Navy 

has become ever more dependent on its information 

technology (IT) as we pace evolving computing 

advances, communication technologies, and new 

information systems. Knowing this, adversaries have 

begun to develop, acquire and field modern, stateof-the-art information technologies of their own to:

• Exploit seams within the Department 

of Defense’s (DoD) worldwide military 

networks; 

• Disrupt the U.S. Navy’s dependence on IT 

and its over-the-horizon intelligence, C2 and 

combat systems;

• Improve their situational awareness of U.S. 

Navy ship and aircraft movements; 

• Coordinate their dispersed forces for longrange military engagements at sea.
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The Navy’s networks today remain vulnerable 

and are under near-continuous attack. Foreign 

cyberspace threats, combined with the worldwide 

proliferation of advanced long-range weapon 

systems and other asymmetric capabilities, have the 

potential to reduce the Navy’s technological and 

operational advantages. 

Information as warfighting discipline. Until 

2009, the information-intensive communities of 

Oceanography, Information Warfare, Information 

Professional, Intelligence and the Space Cadre were 

treated principally as individual enablers necessary 

to support the Navy’s traditional warfighting 

pillars. Recognizing the enhanced combat power of 

fusing the Navy’s disparate information capabilities 

and manpower, the Chief of Naval Operations 

consolidated these communities under the banner 

of Information Dominance. Navy’s aggregate 

information capability has begun to emerge as 

a modern warfighting enterprise, and serves as 

a potent asymmetric complement to its kinetic 

warfare capabilities. Among its myriad purposes, 

this strategy serves to further define and establish 

Information Dominance as the Navy’s newest 

warfighting discipline in support of the Navy’s 

primary tenet of Warfighting First.

“Control of information—much of it through the 

electromagnetic spectrum—is already growing more 

important than the control of territory in modern warfare.”

Admiral Jonathan Greenert 

Chief of Naval Operations 

23 September 2011
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Information Dominance Challenge

In view of the exponential growth and global 

pervasiveness of IT, its comparatively low cost 

relative to conventional warfare systems, and 

the ease with which it can be “weaponized” for 

asymmetric purposes, the Navy faces enormous 

challenges in the future maritime operating 

environment. Furthermore, given information’s 

prominence in national, joint, coalition and Navy 

strategic objectives, it is 

imperative that the Navy’s 

information “portfolio” be 

organized in a way that 

achieves and protects its 

real warfighting capability. 

In other words, the 

constituent components 

(e.g., resources, capabilities, 

governance, tactics, 

techniques, procedures) must be marshaled, aligned 

with Doctrine, Organization, Training, Materiel, 

Logistics, Personnel and Facilities, and employed 

for optimum effect. Just as we are masters of the 

maritime domain, to win in future conflict we must 

also master the information domain.

Key Terms and Concepts

Enabling and implementing the Navy’s information 

portfolio to achieve dominance requires clearly 

stated terms and concepts. The following key 

terms and concepts are critical for a foundational 

understanding:

Mission. The Navy’s Information Dominance 

professionals will:

• Maintain superior knowledge of the 

battlespace;

• Provide our operating forces with sufficient 

over-match in wartime command and 

control;

• Ensure our ability to deeply infiltrate and 

understand the inner workings of our 

adversaries, and

• Project power through and across the 

network in support of forward-deployed 

Navy, joint and coalition forces. 

Vision. The Navy’s Information Dominance vision 

is to provide assured maritime command and 

control and superior battlespace awareness to enable 

sustained, integrated fires across the full spectrum of 

21st Century maritime warfare.

Three Fundamental Capabilities. At its 

core, Information Dominance hinges on the 

three fundamental capabilities of Assured C2, 

Battlespace Awareness, and Integrated Fires. When 

achieved in the aggregate, these capabilities allow 

Navy commanders to operate freely within the 

information domain, and to stay well ahead of the 

adversary’s decision cycle.

Assured C2. The Navy must assure its ability 

to command and control forces. This requires 

capabilities that enable commanders to:

• Exchange orders and responses with 

subordinates;

• Understand the disposition of friendly 

forces;

• Target and conduct strikes as part of the 

joint force; and then

• Assess the result of those strikes. 

Sensing the environment, understanding our 

adversaries and operating and defending our 

communications and networked systems are 

inextricably linked to the assurance of C2.

Definition: Information Dominance is defined as the

operational advantage gained from fully integrating

the Navy’s information functions, capabilities

and resources to optimize decision making and

maximize warfighting effects.
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Battlespace Awareness. This is the traditional 

mission of the Information Dominance Corps 

and the constituent components of meteorology, 

oceanography, intelligence, cryptology, 

communications, networks, space and electronic 

warfare (EW). It includes:

• Persistent surveillance of the maritime and 

information battlespace;

• Penetrating knowledge of the capabilities 

and intent of our adversaries;

• An understanding of when, where, and how 

our adversaries operate; and

• Expertise within the electromagnetic 

spectrum.

When synchronized, these skills and knowledge 

attributes provide the target acquisition and 

targeting solutions necessary to apply force, both 

kinetic and non-kinetic.

Integrated Fires. The Navy will use its networks, 

cyberspace and space capabilities to exploit and 

attack the vulnerabilities of its adversaries to achieve 

non-kinetic effects (i.e., fires). Just as importantly, 

we will expand options for forward-deployed 

Navy commanders by ensuring that non-kinetic 

alternatives are considered alongside with kinetic 

solutions. 
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A Strategy to Achieve 

Information Dominance

In response to the challenge of mastering the 

information domain and consistent with the 

mission and vision stated above, this document 

establishes a framework for the integration 

of the Navy’s information-based programs, 

capabilities, expertise, resources and operations. 

The strategy’s goals and objectives will be 

developed further in the Navy’s Information 

Dominance Roadmap, 2013–2028.
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To succeed in contested environments, particularly 

in Anti-Access/Area Denial (A2/AD) scenarios, the 

Navy must improve the adaptability and security 

of its information infrastructure by strengthening 

governance, setting and enforcing Navy-wide 

standards, and building C2 paths that are adaptable 

and resistant to cyber and electronic attack.

Objective 1.1

Assure communications paths through dynamic

networking

The Navy’s networks must be sufficiently agile 

to maintain freedom of action for Navy users in 

cyberspace. They must connect the right user (ships, 

aircraft, submarines, sensors, warfighters, etc.) 

with the information and decision making tools 

necessary to dominate the battlespace and sustain 

those connections. 

Objective 1.2

Manage and assure electromagnetic spectrum

operation

To maintain an operational advantage, the Navy 

will ensure the continued use of space assets and 

essential portions of the electromagnetic spectrum 

in all threat environments. 

Objective 1.3

Build a resilient and assured C2 infrastructure

that supports naval forces worldwide

An adaptable enterprise architecture, strong 

governance and operational control of our networks 

will provide sufficient C2 paths and capacity 

without regard to where the Navy is operating.

Goal 1: Robust Communications for Navy Command 

and Control
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Goal 2: Persistent, Predictive Battlespace Awareness 

To win, our warfighters must have superior, predictive knowledge of both their physical and virtual 

battlespace. They must know the adversary’s specific situation, capabilities, and perspective in order to 

successfully acquire and deter or engage targets in a timely manner. Therefore, persistent, end-to-end, 

theater-focused Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance (ISR) is crucial. We will continue to 

effectively coordinate with national, joint and coalition partners to fully leverage all available ISR capability. 

Objective 2.1

Understand, forecast and exploit the physical maritime

environment

The Navy will understand and characterize for the commander how 

the physical environment may impact the mission. This understanding 

will be also be seamlessly incorporated into Navy operational and 

mission planning. 

Objective 2.2

Manage sensor employment against prioritized intelligence

requirements

The duration, dwell, range, and access of unmanned vehicles demands 

greater management of sensors to ensure collection is tailored to 

operational need. The exponential increase in data generated by these 

assets will require that sufficient processing capability (both manpower 

and systems) exists to convert the collected information into 

intelligence. Similarly, advances in space sensor systems will likewise 

generate greater amounts of data that must be actively managed, 

processed and synthesized into the larger common operational picture.

Objective 2.3

Know the adversary

The Navy will create decisional advantage by exploiting all sources and 

its unique forward presence to assess adversary disposition, operations, 

networks, intent, tactics, techniques, procedures and vulnerabilities. 

To win in the maritime domain, we will master the means of locating, 

tracking and penetrating our adversaries, and then translate that 

associated knowledge into timely, actionable intelligence for our 

forward-deployed forces.

Objective 2.4

Integrate and leverage National, Joint and Coalition intelligence

We will use a federated approach to fully access the intelligence 

community, amplifying our traditional combat capabilities and 

expanding warfighting options for both Navy and Joint commanders. 
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From planning to execution to battle damage 

assessment, we will provide Navy commanders with 

a high degree of informational fidelity in complex, 

data-intensive environments. This will allow for 

greater speed of command and also enable more 

precise targeting solutions. 

Objective 3.1

Assure C2 in all levels of conflict

As noted in Goal 1, assured C2 is critical to 

the delivery of fires in the information age. To 

effectively employ and control their forces, Navy 

commanders must be able to exchange orders with 

forward operating subordinates, perform targeting, 

conduct strikes, and synchronize force actions, all in 

highly fluid and dynamic circumstances. 

Objective 3.2

Incorporate Information Dominance-related

capabilities into operational plans

Consistent with the aforementioned concepts 

of “information in warfare” and “information as 

warfare,” information-intensive capabilities will be 

deliberately “mainstreamed” into Navy’s operational 

and mission planning to support our emphasis on 

Warfighting First. 

Objective 3.3

Integrate all-source information across kill chains

Outputs from all sensors in all domains will be 

accessible in time to facilitate freedom of action, 

targeting, and the employment of weapons, both 

kinetic and non-kinetic. Disparate information 

sources will necessarily 

span physical locations, 

security classifications 

and Navy warfighting 

domains, but they must 

be synthesized to create 

actionable knowledge. 

This knowledge must 

be made available to 

decision makers at the 

time and in the format 

of their choosing.

Goal 3: Integrated Combat Information
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Goal 4: Integrated Kinetic 

and Non-kinetic Fires

To multiply warfighting effects, the Navy will 

integrate kinetic and non-kinetic fires. To this end, 

the Navy will expand and strengthen its operations 

within cyberspace and the electromagnetic 

spectrum. To dominate in these areas, the Navy 

will further develop its cyber workforce, bolster 

related research and development, and refine its 

governance, policy and TTP. Specifically, we must 

improve our active network defense and improve 

our offensive cyber capability. Likewise, the Navy 

must continue to advance its EW capabilities in 

order to disrupt adversary surveillance, targeting, 

and C2, and effectively counter anti-ship cruise 

missiles and ballistic missiles alike. 

Objective 4.1

Advance electromagnetic capabilities

The Navy will modernize and integrate its lethal 

and non-lethal EW capabilities into all phases 

and levels of kinetic maritime operations while 

deconflicting and optimizing its operations in the 

electromagnetic spectrum, from radars to largescale communications to individual data links. 

Such capabilities will advance the emerging Navy 

concept of conducting Electromagnetic Maneuver 

Warfare. 

Objective 4.2

Integrate Cyberspace Operations with Fleet

Operations

To deliver comprehensive fires, the Navy must 

strengthen and synthesize cyberspace operations 

with kinetic fleet operations. Blending these 

operational arts will yield an enhanced combat 

system that can exploit, influence, deny, degrade, 

disrupt and—if need be—physically destroy an 

adversary’s power. 
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As the Navy adjusts and adapts to the evolution of 

technology, we are building rigorous doctrine and 

providing tactics, techniques and procedures. We will 

continue to build the highly specialized knowledge 

and advanced technical skills required to operate, 

maintain and manage modern technology and “fight” 

the network. The Navy has a dedicated community 

of professionals trained and educated in the “arts” of 

information superiority. This Information Dominance 

Corps is likewise creating its own warfighting culture 

consistent with the Navy’s historic traditions, but 

focused on mastering non-kinetic warfare in the nonphysical, man-made cyberspace domain.

Objective 5.1

Incorporate Information Dominance into Navy

warfighting doctrine and tactics

Navy doctrine and tactics will be updated to reflect 

Information Dominance concepts, capabilities and 

warfighting principles.

Objective 5.2

Integrate Information Dominance tenets into Fleet

operations

Fleet training, exercises and operations will stress 

information-related capabilities and scenarios to 

ensure realistic preparation and amass practical 

experience underway. 

Objective 5.3

Develop, manage, train and fully integrate the

Information Dominance Corps (IDC)

The IDC now constitutes a total force professional 

community (officer, enlisted and civilian) that 

specializes in all facets of Information Dominance. 

This corps will be trained, managed and ready 

to provide the skills Navy requires to fight in the 

cyberspace domain. 

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The Information Dominance Corps

People are the foundation of the Navy, and they must be trained and empowered to be ready to execute 

assigned missions. The Navy created the IDC as a means of leveraging the specialized skills of its 

information workforce and synthesizing the value of each IDC sub-community into a more effective 

warfighting capability. 

Each member will receive an IDC introduction that frames the broad capabilities of ID, 

demonstrates the relevance of the capabilities to Navy operations, and reinforces how the member’s 

individual contributions fit in the larger context. Whether military or civilian, each member will 

not only understand his or her role within their respective IDC sub-community or discipline (i.e., 

Oceanography, Meteorology, Information Warfare, Communications, Networks, Intelligence, etc.), but 

how their sub-community and their individual work relates to the other ID disciplines, and adds value 

to Navy missions. 

This initial familiarization will be followed by specialization within the IDC’s sub-communities 

and include training in TTPs, as well as the operational experience that provides unique value to 

Navy commanders. It is during this extended career phase that the Navy develops the experts and 

expertise that the IDC has historically provided, indeed what the IDC’s component communities 

are traditionally known for. At more senior levels, members will emerge from their parent discipline 

and assume leadership positions within other IDC sub-communities. The aggregate impact of this 

cross-detailing is a combat-ready corps with a greater understanding of Information Dominance as a 

warfighting discipline, and a trained workforce more capable of integrating information effects into the 

decision-maker’s planning and operations. 

Navy leaders both inside and outside the IDC can expect the same specialized, unique expertise from 

the IDC. Under this reformed construct however, they can also expect senior professionals with the 

broadened knowledge, expertise and experience necessary to draw on all aspects of the information 

realm in support of the commander. In this way, the Navy will maintain freedom of action in the 

information domain, enhance the impact of kinetic operations, and deliver direct information effects 

against our adversaries.

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The Way Ahead

The Navy’s success in future crises and conflicts depends increasingly 

on the speed, security, and adaptability of our C2, the depth and 

breadth of our battlespace awareness, and the effectiveness of our 

integrated fires. In implementing this strategy’s goals and objectives, 

the IDC will remain ready to fight and win within the cyberspace 

domain. We will not only set our sights on maintaining decision 

superiority for our forward-deployed Navy-Marine Corps Team, 

and Joint and coalition commanders, we will lay the practical 

foundations for mastering information throughout cyberspace. 

In support of this Navy Strategy for Achieving Information 

Dominance, a number of related Navy documents will be 

forthcoming in the near future to include: the Navy Information 

Dominance Roadmap, 2013-2028; the Navy IDC Human Capital 

Strategy, 2013-2027; Navy Cyber Power 2020; the Naval Intelligence 

Strategy, 2013-2020; and, the 2013 Navy Space Strategy. Within 

this integrated framework, the Navy begins in earnest the process 

of marshaling its resources, galvanizing the workforce, and aligning 

Navy’s Information Dominance capabilities to fully enable the 

Navy’s primary tenet of Warfighting First. 

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