2023 IL App (1st) 220817-U

No. 1-22-0817 

Order filed March 24, 2023 

Sixth Division

NOTICE: This order was filed under Supreme Court Rule 23 and is not precedent except in the 

limited circumstances allowed under Rule 23(e)(1).

______________________________________________________________________________ 

IN THE

APPELLATE COURT OF ILLINOIS

FIRST DISTRICT

______________________________________________________________________________ 

In re V.S., Minor,

(People of the State of Illinois, 

 Petitioner-Appellee, 

 v. 

D.H.E., 

 Respondent-Appellant.) 

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Appeal from the

Circuit Court of

Cook County. 

No. 20 JA 01107 

Honorable 

Jennifer Payne, 

Judge, Presiding. 

JUSTICE ODEN JOHNSON delivered the judgment of the court.

Justices C.A. Walker and Tailor concurred in the judgment. 

ORDER

¶ 1 Held: We affirm the circuit court’s adjudication of wardship where respondent’s appeal 

of the neglect finding is moot because he failed to also challenge the dependency 

finding. We also affirm the trial court’s finding that respondent was unable to care 

for the child at the time of the dispositional hearing, and order awarding 

guardianship to DCFS. 
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¶ 2 Respondent-father D.H.E appeals from an adjudication finding of neglect as to V.S., minor, 

and a dispositional order that adjudicated V.S. a ward of the court.1 On appeal, respondent 

contends that: (1) the adjudicatory finding of neglect was improper and deprived him of due 

process where the petition made no allegations against respondent and thus denied him the 

opportunity to defend against the petition; (2) the adjudicatory finding of neglect was against the 

manifest weight of the evidence; and (3) the disposition order should be reversed where the circuit

court failed to provide a factual basis for its disposition. For the reasons that follow, we affirm.

¶ 3 BACKGROUND

¶ 4 The record reveals that on November 29, 2021, the State filed a petition for adjudication 

of wardship regarding V.S., minor. V.S. minor was born on November 22, 2021. The petition 

included the names and addresses of the minor’s parents, S.S. (mother) and D.H.E. (respondent). 

The petition alleged that V.S. was taken into custody on November 23, 2021, at 10 a.m. with a 

temporary custody hearing scheduled for November 29, 2021. The petition further alleged that 

V.S. was neglected pursuant to section 405/2-3(1)(b) of the Juvenile Court Act (Act) (705 ILCS 

405/2-3(1)(b) (West 2020)) because he was a minor under 18 years of age whose environment was 

injurious to his welfare. As factual support, the State alleged that the mother had two prior 

indicated reports for inadequate supervision and substantial risk of physical injury/environment 

injurious to his health/welfare by neglect. Mother had two other minors who were in DCFS 

temporary custody with findings entered; mother was non-compliant with offered and 

recommended reunification services; mother had untreated mental health issues; mother was 

psychiatrically hospitalized after the birth of V.S.; and paternity had not been established. 

1 V.S.’s mother is not a party to this appeal.
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¶ 5 Additionally, the petition alleged that V.S. was abused in that his parent or immediate 

family member created a substantial risk of physical injury to the minor by other than accidental 

means which would be likely to cause death, disfigurement, impairment of emotional health, or 

loss of impairment of any bodily function under section 405/2-3(2)(ii) of the Act (705 ILCS 405/2-

3(2)(ii) (West 2020). As factual support for this allegation, the petition restated the prior factual 

allegations. The petition sought a declaration that V.S. be adjudged a ward of the court. 

¶ 6 Also on November 29, 2021, the State filed a motion for temporary custody of V.S. The 

pleadings included an affidavit of Daneen Sydnor, dated November 24, 2021, that documented 

DCFS efforts and averred that she was the caseworker assigned to V.S.’s case and that the case

came to DCFS’s attention due to the substantial risk of physical injury/environment injurious to 

the child’s health and safety by neglect. She further averred that mother had DCFS history, 

including having two of her children in DCFS custody; mother had not completed any services to 

reunify her children and had not seen the children since they were removed from her care; mother 

had a history of untreated mental health and had delusions and manic outbreaks. 

¶ 7 A. Temporary Custody Hearing

¶ 8 A shelter care hearing was held on November 29, 2021, and respondent was present. 

Mother was not present. The circuit court appointed an attorney for respondent and the public 

guardian’s office was appointed as guardian ad litem (GAL) for V.S.

¶ 9 Sydnor testified that mother was in the psychiatric unit at Jackson Park Hospital and V.S. 

was placed with his maternal grandmother, who cleared a DCFS background check and requested 

placement. Sydnor explained that respondent was not listed on V.S.’s birth certificate so he was 

not considered for placement.
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¶ 10 Respondent testified that on November 22, 2021, he was present at the hospital for V.S.’s 

birth and on November 23, 2021, he signed the minor’s birth certificate and a voluntary 

acknowledgement of paternity (VAP) for the minor. Respondent stated that “right after” he signed 

the VAP, mother had a “mood swing” and requested that he be removed as the named father. 

Respondent also stated that he refused to allow mother to use his address and she “snapped.” 

Respondent thought he was added back to the birth certificate but did not have copies of any 

documents he signed at the hospital and did not know the name of the hospital social worker who 

provided the documents. Respondent acknowledged paternity. Respondent testified to an on-again, 

off-again relationship with mother, and she was staying with him when she learned of her 

pregnancy. However, they “bumped heads” and subsequently separated. 

¶ 11 After the shelter care hearing and over respondent’s objections, the circuit court awarded 

temporary custody of V.S. to DCFS finding that probable cause existed that the minor was 

neglected and abused based on the allegations in the petitions of an injurious environment. The 

court also ordered a DNA test to determine if respondent was V.S.’s father. 

¶ 12 B. Status Hearings

¶ 13 Status hearings were held between November 2021 and February 2022. On November 30, 

2021, Sydnor testified that she ran a criminal background check on respondent and learned that he 

had more than 20 charges, with “four or six” convictions for defacing a firearm, possessing a FOID 

card that was not his, and robbery. Respondent served five years in prison and completed probation 

in 2016. Respondent did not have any pending criminal cases, and Sydnor did not believe that 

respondent’s prior convictions were a bar to V.S. being placed with him. On February 4, 2022, the 
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parentage test established that respondent was V.S.’s father, and the court entered a parentage 

order for respondent. 

¶ 14 C. Adjudication Hearing 

¶ 15 The adjudication hearing was held on May 4, 2022. 

¶ 16 At the adjudication hearing, Sydnor testified that she was assigned to investigate mother 

on November 24, 2021, after receiving information that mother had other children in DCFS 

custody and was having a psychiatric episode after giving birth to V.S. Sydnor went to the hospital 

where she spoke with mother and respondent, who indicated that he was V.S.’s father, that he 

wanted custody, and that he lived in a family building with relatives that would assist him with 

V.S. Sydnor did not perceive respondent to be a risk to V.S. at that time. 

¶ 17 Michael McKay testified for the State that he was a supervisor at ChildLink, the agency 

assigned to mother’s other two children, neither of whom were respondent’s children. When V.S. 

was born, mother was not participating in services and had not visited the children. 

¶ 18 The State’s exhibits included mother’s medical records. In late November, when V.S. was 

born, hospital staff determined that mother had acute psychiatric problems and was a threat to 

others including V.S., and that she needed involuntary psychiatric hospitalization. Mother’s active 

medical issues included acute postpartum psychosis and schizoaffective disorder, bipolar type. 

¶ 19 The records also indicated that a doctor also spoke with respondent, who indicated that 

mother had been more “energetic, excited, and enthusiastic” in the prior week, which he attributed 

to mother’s excitement about the baby. Respondent stated that he was mother’s partner for the 

prior year, and she often said God chose her and would speak to her, which made him 

uncomfortable because mother “puts [sic.] the voice first.” Respondent also indicated that he was 
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concerned that mother could not care for V.S. due to her housing instability, religious beliefs and 

history with DCFS. 

¶ 20 Mother testified that she did not have mental health issues and stated that she was a “chosen 

child.” Mother described issues with her relatives who cared for her other two children as the 

reason she did not visit them. 

¶ 21 The circuit court noted that when V.S. was born, mother and respondent signed a VAP, but 

mother was acutely psychotic at the time and rescinded the VAP. It was unclear whether the VAP 

was valid due to her mental health, which is why a DNA test was ordered at the temporary custody 

hearing. The court told respondent that under those circumstances, it would not have been 

appropriate for DCFS to place V.S. with him. 

¶ 22 The court found V.S. was neglected due to an injurious environment under section 405/2-

3(1)(b) of the Act (705 ILCS 405/2-3(1)(b) (West 2020)), and further found V.S. dependent due 

to mother’s mental disability under section 2-4(1)(b) of the Act (705 ILCS 405/2-4(1)(b) (West 

2020)). Respondent’s attorney requested that the order reflect that respondent was non-custodial 

when V.S. was born, or that mother was the sole person causing V.S.’s neglect. The State objected 

and after an off-the-record discussion, the court noted that mother’s medical records showed that 

respondent significantly downplayed mother’s mental health needs, and the court needed to know 

that respondent would not leave V.S. in the care of someone that would harm him. The court then 

stated that the dependency finding was to mother only but that the neglect finding would stand as 

to both. The adjudication order noted that mother had to be separated from the minor by hospital 

staff after the minor’s birth due to concern about mother’s mental health and behavior and that 
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respondent downplayed mother’s mental health concerns. The dispositional hearing was then 

scheduled for May 18, 2022. 

¶ 23 D. Dispositional Hearing

¶ 24 The dispositional hearing was held on May 18, 2022, with respondent present. The State, 

the GAL, respondent, respondent’s counsel and mother were all present in court via Zoom. 

¶ 25 The GAL admitted two exhibits into evidence without objection by the parties: a March 

23, 2022, integrated assessment and a March 7, 2022, DCFS service plan. The integrated 

assessment was conducted by a licensed clinician to gather information about the family and 

evaluate their service needs. The assessment noted that V.S. was diagnosed with a ventricular 

septal defect in his heart in January 2022 and would be assessed for surgery when he was four 

months old.

¶ 26 Respondent was interviewed in January 2022 and the clinical assessment reported that in 

“SACWIS”2

, there were numerous intakes which contained concerns that respondent was in a 

sexual relationship with a minor and one intake reporting that he admitted to doing so. An August 

2020 SACWIS Intake also reported that respondent was having the minor recruit other girls.” Both 

respondent and the minor denied the sexual relationship in December 2019. Respondent told the 

clinical evaluator that he knew the minor and saw her every day, but she was a friend and he was 

teaching her how to drive. Respondent also stated that his ex-girlfriend was jealous of him 

spending time with the minor and falsely alleged that he was having sex with the minor. A DCFS 

note from July 2020 indicated that respondent had three children with his ex-girlfriend who resided

with their grandmother in the same building where he lived but respondent did not see them often. 

2 SACWIS is the Statewide Automated Child Welfare Information System operated by DCFS.
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Respondent told the evaluator that he co-parented with his ex-girlfriend and saw the children three 

to four times a week. Further, respondent stated that the ex-girlfriend was violent towards him and 

had previously hit him with a car. 

¶ 27 According to an October 2021 criminal background check, respondent had been arrested 

and charged 44 times with five convictions for dangerous drugs, larceny, robbery, and two 

convictions for weapons offenses (the assessment does not list the dates of the convictions). 

Respondent had also been arrested seven times for assault, six for dangerous drugs, five for 

larceny, twice for invasion of privacy, and 19 times for traffic offenses. When respondent was 

questioned by the evaluator about his criminal background, respondent stated that he was 

convicted of a weapons offense after a gun was found in the backseat of a car he was riding in and 

he successfully completed a bootcamp and probation. The evaluator also noted that a March 4, 

2020, SACWIS intake reported that respondent may have had access to guns and gang 

involvement. 

¶ 28 Respondent and mother met in December 2020 and had a brief relationship. However, after 

mother informed respondent that she was pregnant, she moved in with him. Respondent reported 

that the pregnancy was planned and he thought that having a child with mother would give her 

more of a focus so she could be in a better state of mind, and he could help her. Respondent 

reported that he soon realized that mother could not care for a child and that mother would be 

aggressive towards him. In November 2021, respondent reported that he had a live-in girlfriend 

and told the evaluator in January 2022 that he was in a relationship with someone, but that person 

would not see V.S. Respondent indicated that he wanted custody of V.S. once his parentage was 

established.
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¶ 29 The clinical evaluator’s overall assessment of respondent noted that his criminal record 

and the reports of the sexual relationship with the minor, if true, “would pose a risk to any child in 

his care without appropriate and possible intensive interventions.” The evaluator questioned 

respondent’s judgment with regard to his perception of mother and his self-perceived ability to 

help her focus by having a baby together; and his history of choosing unsafe partners as he had 

been the target of emotional and physical abuse in past relationships. Respondent was interested 

in parenting V.S., had visited V.S. in his foster home, and lived in a building with relatives who 

he believed would help him with V.S. 

¶ 30 The evaluator recommended that respondent receive individual therapy and a Nurturing 

Parenting Program (NPP), a competency-based parenting education and coaching service for 

parents whose children had experienced trauma and adversity. Respondent was also recommended 

for domestic violence service due to his reports of being a domestic violence victim. Lastly, 

respondent needed to complete a drug evaluation, due to his history of “extensive” drug use.

¶ 31 Letitia Sanders, the assigned case manager from ChildLink, testified that V.S. was five 

months old, was placed with his maternal grandmother, and that it was an appropriate placement. 

V.S. had recently had heart surgery to repair a hole in his heart and was recovering in the hospital 

at the time of the hearing. V.S.’s grandmother and respondent were supposed to receive training 

on how to care for V.S. prior to his discharge. Mother was not engaged in services or visiting V.S.

¶ 32 Sanders testified that respondent needed individual therapy, a NPP, and drug testing. 

Sanders had submitted those referrals, but the service providers had not yet contacted respondent. 

Respondent tested negative for drugs in May 2022. Sanders planned to refer respondent for a 

domestic violence assessment after he began or completed his other services. Additionally, 
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respondent was having supervised visits with V.S. and there were no problems reported with those 

visits. 

¶ 33 Sanders indicated that respondent’s interactions with V.S. went well, and she found his 

parenting skills were appropriate. Respondent appeared to have a very loving bond with V.S. and 

his family members would assist him in caring for V.S. as they lived in the same building. Sanders 

recommended that V.S. be returned to respondent but had not discussed her recommendations with 

her supervisor. 

¶ 34 On cross-examination by the GAL, Sanders first testified that V.S. should not be made a 

ward of the court, and that respondent was fit, willing and able to care for V.S. Sanders believed 

that respondent was capable of taking care of V.S. with the support of his family. The GAL told 

Sanders that the issue for a dispositional hearing was whether the parents were fit, willing, and 

able, and V.S. would be returned to whichever parent was capable of caring for him. The GAL 

also told Sanders that if the parents still needed services, then V.S. would be made a ward of the 

court, and the parents would receive reunification services. At that point, Sanders testified that she

believed V.S. should be made a ward of the court.

¶ 35 Sanders testified that she reviewed the DCFS integrated assessment and believed that 

respondent should engage in therapy and the parenting program prior to receiving domestic 

violence services so that he was not overwhelmed by too many services. 

¶ 36 On cross-examination by respondent, Sanders testified that respondent was willing to 

engage in services, and that she would follow up to make sure that the referred providers of 

individual therapy and parenting classes would contact respondent. She also indicated that she had 
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not yet visited respondent’s home, but planned to. Respondent reported to Sanders that he had a 

crib and other items in his home for V.S. 

¶ 37 The GAL informed the court that she was concerned that the caseworker was unprepared 

and unfamiliar with the integrated assessment. In response the circuit court stated that it thought it 

was clear from Sanders’ testimony that she felt respondent was referred for services and that 

respondent needed supportive services. The court noted that respondent was only getting 

supervised visits at that time and had not progressed to unsupervised or overnight visits. The court 

also indicated that there was no reason to delay the domestic violence assessment while respondent 

was engaged in other services. However, the court indicated that it did not believe that any of these 

things would change the outcome the dispositional hearing.

¶ 38 Respondent testified on his own behalf that he wanted custody of V.S. and was willing to 

participate in services, but was concerned that V.S.’s maternal grandmother and foster parent did 

not have to take parenting classes so he questioned why he needed to. Respondent believed that 

“deep down,” he did not feel as though there was any problem with him. However, respondent was 

willing to do whatever he had to do and complained that he could have done all of his services by 

that point, but the caseworker was slow. Respondent was willing to ensure that V.S. did not have 

contact with anyone who was allowed to have contact with him. 

¶ 39 At the conclusion of the disposition hearing, the circuit court adjudged V.S. a ward of the 

court as being in his best interest and welfare, finding that both parents were unable to care for the 

minor at that time. The court noted that reasonable efforts were made but were unsuccessful at 

that time and ordered V.S. placed in DCFS’s guardianship. After indicating that both parents had 

the right the appeal, the court addressed respondent directly:
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“[Respondent] we are going to have a very quick permanency hearing. Just bear 

with us. You are obviously – the evidence presented today is that you have a great bond 

and relationship with your child. I want you to know that I heard that and I am well aware 

of that. There are services that you were just referred to that have not yet begun. And I just 

want to make sure that those services are in place and the case continues to go in a positive 

direction. But I don’t want you to be discouraged by your child being a ward. He is going 

to remain in his current placement. That’s not going to change. He is going to be with 

maternal grandmother.” 

¶ 40 The circuit court then entered a written dispositional order finding both parents unable and 

placing V.S. in DCFS’s guardianship. The matter then proceeded to a permanency hearing. The 

court’s order indicated a goal of return home within 12 months and gave the agency discretion to 

allow respondent unsupervised visits after his home was checked for safety and he began services. 

The court found that respondent had made some progress towards return home. The case was set 

for a permanency planning hearing on October 28, 2022. 

¶ 41 Respondent filed his timely notice of appeal on June 9, 2022. 

¶ 42 ANALYSIS 

¶ 43 On appeal, respondent contends that: (1) the adjudicatory finding of neglect was improper 

and deprived him of due process where the petition made no allegations against respondent and 

thus denied him the opportunity to defend against the petition; (2) the adjudicatory finding of 

neglect was against the manifest weight of the evidence; and (3) the disposition order should be 

reversed where the circuit court failed to provide a factual basis for its disposition.

¶ 44 A. Timeliness
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¶ 45 Before discussing the arguments respondent raises in his appeal, we address the timeliness 

of our decision. This is an accelerated appeal under Illinois Supreme Court Rule 311(a) (eff. July 

1, 2018). Pursuant to Rule 311(a)(5), we are required to issue our decision within 150 days after 

the filing of the notice of appeal, except for good cause shown. Petitioner's notice of appeal was 

filed on June 9, 2022, making the deadline to issue our decision November 7, 2022. However, 

petitioner filed three motions for extension of time before ultimately filing his appellant brief on 

November 18, 2022. Thereafter, the State’s Attorney requested an extension to file its brief and 

the Public Guardian filed two motions for extension to file its brief. Accordingly, we revised the 

briefing schedule pursuant to those requests.3 The Public Guardian’s brief was ultimately filed on 

January 27, 2023, and the State’s Attorney’s brief was ultimately filed on February 2, 2023. The 

case was not ready for disposition until February 9, 2023, and respondent’s reply brief was filed 

on February 22, 2023. We therefore find good cause for issuing our decision after the 150-day 

deadline. We now turn our attention to the merits of petitioner’s issues on appeal.

¶ 46 B. The Adjudicatory Finding of Neglect (Respondent’s Issues I & II) 

¶ 47 Respondent makes two arguments related to the adjudicatory finding of neglect. First, 

respondent contends that the neglect finding was improper and deprived him of due process where 

the petition for adjudication of wardship made no allegations against respondent, thus denying him 

an opportunity to meaningfully defend against the finding of neglect. Second, respondent contends 

that the adjudication order finding him neglectful should be reversed because the circuit court’s 

finding of neglect was against the manifest weight of the evidence.

3 No objections were filed to any of the requests for extension.
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¶ 48 However, both the State and GAL respond that respondent’s contentions are moot because 

he does not also challenge the dependency finding, and only one ground of neglect, abuse or 

dependency is needed to affirm a circuit court's adjudication order. In his reply brief, respondent 

responds to the mootness argument that both the State and the Public Guardian are estopped from 

arguing that it is irrelevant whether respondent was named as a perpetrator. Additionally, 

respondent maintains that the circuit court’s “no-fault” dependency finding does not make his 

challenge to the neglect finding moot. 

¶ 49 A proceeding for adjudication of wardship represents a significant intrusion into the 

sanctity of the family which should not be undertaken lightly. In re S.G., 2022 IL App (1st) 210899, 

¶ 21 (citing In re Arthur H., 212 Ill. 2d 441, 463 (2004)). It is the State’s burden to prove allegations 

of neglect or abuse by a preponderance of the evidence. Id. The State must establish that the 

allegations are more probably true than not. Id. Cases involving allegations of neglect and 

adjudication of wardship are sui generis, and must be decided on the basis of their unique 

circumstances. In re A.P., 2012 IL 113875, ¶ 17. This analytical principle underscores the factdriven nature of neglect and injurious environment rulings. Id. 

¶ 50 Generally, a reviewing court will reverse the juvenile court’s determination only if the 

factual findings are against the manifest weight of the evidence or if the court abused its discretion 

by selecting an inappropriate dispositional order. Id. ¶ 22. Because a circuit court is in a superior 

position to assess the credibility of witnesses and weigh the evidence, a reviewing court will not 

overturn the trial court’s findings merely because the reviewing court may have reached a different 

decision. Id. 
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¶ 51 Section 2-21(2) of the Act provides that if the court determines that the minor is either 

abused or neglected or dependent, then a dispositional hearing shall be held to determine whether 

it is in the best interest of the minor to be adjudged a ward of the court. 705 ILCS 405/2-21(2) 

(West 2020). As such, the court need make only one of those findings to proceed to a dispositional 

hearing. The question before us is whether respondent’s challenge solely to the circuit court’s 

neglect finding but not the dependency finding renders his appeal moot.

¶ 52 Courts of review will generally not decide abstract, hypothetical or moot questions. 

McHenry Township Road District v. Pritzker, 2021 IL App (2d) 200636, ¶ 34. An appeal is 

considered moot where there is no actual controversy, and a reviewing court cannot grant the 

complaining party effectual relief. In re Marriage of Donald B. and Roberta B., 2014 IL 115463, 

¶ 23. 

¶ 53 The question of whether a respondent’s appeal of only one ground of an adjudicatory 

finding and not another issue included in the adjudication order is moot has been decided on three

recent occasions, with opposite results. 

¶ 54 First, in In re S.G., 2022 IL App (1st) 210899, respondent challenged only the circuit 

court’s abuse finding but did not challenge the neglect finding or the dispositional order and the 

public guardian argued that the appeal was moot. S.G., 2022 IL App (1st) 210899, ¶¶ 21, 24. In 

determining that the appeal was not moot, a panel of this court rejected the proposition that a failure 

to challenge all bases for an adjudication of wardship means that a parent is not entitled to 

challenge any of the bases. Id. ¶ 24. The court additionally noted that we have regularly considered

cases in which only one of several bases is challenged. Id. 
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¶ 55 The issue was next considered in In re G.U., 2022 IL App (1st) 220759, which was decided 

by a different panel of this court after S.G. In G.U., the circuit court found all three named minors 

to be neglected and additionally found one of the minors to be abused. Id. ¶ 2. On appeal, the 

mother only challenged the finding of abuse, not the findings of neglect. Id. ¶ 19. The appellate 

court first found that the issue of whether evidence established that the minors were neglected was 

waived and because of the waiver, the court subsequently determined that the mother’s challenge 

to the abuse finding was moot. The appellate court stated that the finding of neglect alone was 

sufficient for the case to proceed to a dispositional hearing. Id. ¶¶ 19-20. The court specifically 

noted that it was unclear what the practical effect would be even if it were to conclude that the 

abuse finding was against the manifest weight of the evidence. Id. ¶ 20. 

¶ 56 Finally, in In re J.R., 2022 IL App (1st) 221109, ¶ 38, a third panel of this court considered 

whether the mother’s challenge to only the abuse finding and not the finding of neglect or the 

dispositional order rendered her appeal moot. The court declined to follow S.G. because the S.G. 

court did not address the mootness doctrine’s rationale, i.e., to limit the court’s review to actual 

controversies in cases where the relief requested would have a practical effect. Id. ¶ 43. The court 

chose instead to follow the rationale and holding of G.U. because, even if it found that the abuse 

finding was erroneous, the dispositional order would not be vacated and the finding of the mother’s 

inability to care for the minor would remain intact. Id. ¶ 45. 

¶ 57 Turning to the case at bar, we agree with the decisions of G.U. and J.R., and find that the 

portions of respondent’s appeal related to whether the circuit court’s adjudicatory determination 

that V.S. was neglected is moot because respondent did not challenge the court’s finding of 

dependency. Even if we were to conclude that there was error in the finding of neglect, the 
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dependency finding would still be intact and thus the matter would still be subject to the 

dispositional process. As such, any determination solely on the issue of the neglect finding is moot 

as it would have no practical outcome. 

¶ 58 However, we do take this opportunity to address respondent’s primary issue with the 

adjudication findings, namely that he was not named as the perpetrator of the neglect or the cause 

of the minor’s dependency which should preclude such findings against him. Respondent’s 

arguments are without merit.

¶ 59 In any proceeding initiated pursuant to the Act, including an adjudication of wardship, the 

paramount consideration is the best interests of the child. In re A.P., 2012 IL 113875, ¶ 18. The 

Act proscribes the procedures that must be followed for determining whether a minor should be 

removed from his or her parents’ custody and made a ward of the court. Id. 

¶ 60 Relevant to respondent’s first and second issues, the first step is the adjudicatory hearing 

on the petition for adjudication of wardship. Id. ¶ 19. At the adjudicatory hearing, the court shall 

first consider only the question of whether the minor is abused, neglected or dependent. Id., 705 

ILCS 405/2-18(1) (West 2020). The plain language of this provision instructs the circuit court to 

focus solely upon whether the child has been neglected. Id. Indeed, our supreme court has 

concluded that the consideration of the relative blame of each parent for the child’s neglect at the 

adjudicatory stage is improper. Id. ¶ 20. The cause of the neglect is not relevant at the adjudicatory 

stage. In re Zoey L., 2021 IL App (1st) 210063, ¶29; Arthur H., 212 Ill. 2d at 467. The Act 

specifically instructs the court to consider only whether the minor is neglected and not whether the 

parents are neglectful. Id.
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¶ 61 Here, the factual evidence presented at the adjudicatory hearing, through both documentary 

evidence and testimony, clearly established that V.S. was found neglected based on mother’s 

behavior at the hospital and anticipatory neglect. Specifically, mother was separated from V.S. 

after suffering a psychiatric episode following his birth and V.S.’s two siblings were also placed 

in DCFS temporary custody in 2019 due to mother’s mental health issues.. Additionally, the record 

supports the court’s finding, which respondent supported in the circuit court, that V.S. was 

dependent based on the mother’s mental health issues. It is irrelevant as to which parent was 

neglectful, the proper inquiry is whether the minor was neglected (or dependent), and we find that 

the evidence presented at the adjudicatory hearing supports the circuit court’s conclusions of 

dependency and that they were not against the manifest weight of the evidence. 

¶ 62 C. Dispositional Hearing 

¶ 63 Respondent also contends that the dispositional order should be reversed where the 

caseworker’s uncontroverted testimony overwhelmingly established that respondent was fit, 

willing, and able to parent V.S., yet the circuit court adjudicated V.S. a ward of the court and 

granted guardianship to DCFS without providing a factual basis for its decision. As noted above, 

the circuit court found respondent unable to care for V.S. at the time of the dispositional hearing 

and awarded guardianship to DCFS. 

¶ 64 If the circuit court determines that the minor is abused, neglected, or dependent, then the 

matter proceeds to a dispositional hearing at which it determines whether it is consistent with the 

health, safety, and best interests of the minor and the public that the minor be made a ward of the 

court. 705 ILCS 405/2-21(2) (West 2020). The court must hold a dispositional hearing within six 

months of the minor’s removal from the home. 705 ILCS 405/2-22(4) (West 2020). At the 
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dispositional hearing, the circuit court may commit the minor to wardship and place guardianship 

and custody with DCFS if the court determines that (1) the minor’s parents are unfit or unable for 

some reason other than financial circumstances alone, to care for, protect, train or discipline the 

minor or are unwilling to do so and (2) that the health, safety, and best interest of the minor will 

be jeopardized if the minor remains in the custody of his or her parents. 705 ILCS 405/2-27(1) 

(West 2020). The paramount consideration is the best interests of the child. In re B.S., 2022 IL 

App (2d) 220271, ¶ 31. Section 2-27’s purpose is not to terminate parental rights, but, rather, to 

decide what future actions are in the best interests of the child and whether to make the child a 

ward of the court. Id. 

¶ 65 As noted above, a reviewing court defers to the trial court’s findings of fact, because it is 

in the best position to observe the testimony of the witnesses, assess their credibility, and weigh 

the relative evidence. Id. ¶ 32. We will reverse the trial court’s determination only if the factual 

findings are against the manifest weight of the evidence or if the court abused its discretion by 

selecting an inappropriate dispositional order. Id. Under the manifest weight standard, an appellate 

court will affirm the trial court’s ruling if there is any basis in the record to support the trial court’s 

findings. In re Custody of G.L., 2017 IL App (1st) 163171, ¶ 24. 

¶ 66 In the case at bar, the evidence presented by the State and GAL indicated that respondent 

needed services such as individual therapy, parenting classes, and domestic violence services due 

to his report of being a domestic violence victim. None of those services had been completed nor 

were they in process at the time of the hearing. Additionally, the caseworker had not visited or 

assessed whether respondent’s home was an appropriate environment for V.S., who was at the 

time of the hearing, hospitalized and recovering from a recent heart surgery. The circuit court 
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further noted that respondent only had supervised visits and was not yet receiving unsupervised or 

overnight visits. The record contradicts respondent’s characterization of the caseworker’s 

testimony; while it is clear that she supported respondent’s eventual reunification with V.S., she 

agreed that at the time of the hearing, respondent was not able to care for V.S. without completing 

the necessary services. Moreover, before officially entering its findings, the circuit court addressed

respondent directly that the evidence presented showed that respondent had a great bond and 

relationship with V.S., there were services referred which had not yet begun, and that the court 

wanted to make sure that the services were in place and that the case continued to go in a positive 

direction. We conclude that the evidence supports the circuit court’s finding that respondent was 

unable to care for V.S. at the time of the dispositional hearing and order granting guardianship and 

custody to DCFS. The circuit court’s determination was not against the manifest weight of the 

evidence. 

¶ 67 CONCLUSION

¶ 68 In conclusion, we find that respondent’s issues on appeal related to the circuit court’s 

adjudication of neglect were moot where he failed to also challenge the dependency finding. We 

affirm the circuit court's dispositional finding that respondent was unable to take care of V.S. and 

order granting guardianship and custody to DCFS. The adjudication and disposition orders of the 

circuit court of Cook County are affirmed.

¶ 69 Affirmed.