September 2016

NASA/TM−2016-219337/Volume II/Part 1 

Crew Exploration Vehicle (CEV) (Orion) 

Occupant Protection

Appendices Part 1

Nancy J. Currie-Gregg/NESC

Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia

Michael L. Gernhardt

Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas

Charles Lawrence 

Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 

Jeffrey T. Somers

KBRwyle, Houston, Texas
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September 2016

NASA/TM−2016-219337/Volume II/Part 1 

Crew Exploration Vehicle (CEV) (Orion) 

Occupant Protection

Appendices Part 1

Nancy J. Currie-Gregg/NESC

Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia

Michael L. Gernhardt

Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas

Charles Lawrence 

Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 

Jeffrey T. Somers

KBRwyle, Houston, Texas
Available from:

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NASA Langley Research Center

Hampton, VA 23681-2199

Fax: 757-864-6500

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National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
iii

Table of Contents

Appendix A. Occupant Protection Task 1 Orion Charter ........................................................ 1

Appendix B. Sprague and Geers Model Correlation Results................................................. 22

Appendix C. Wright-Patterson Sled Test Model Results........................................................ 37
1

Appendix A. Occupant Protection Task 1 Orion Charter

National Aeronautics and

Space Administration

Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center

2101 NASA Parkway, TX 77058

December 21st, 2007

To: Distribution

From: ZV/Manager, Orion Project Office & Lockheed Martin/Orion Program Manager 

Subject: Orion Landing Strategy Tiger Team - Project Plan and Driving Assumptions

The Orion Project is in the early stages of Design Analysis Cycle #2 (DAC#2) and has been 

challenged with evaluating current 606C vehicle design capability for nominal water landings 

and contingency land landings during this DAC#2 cycle. In an effort to integrate this technical 

effort, an Orion Landing Strategy Tiger Team was established per Orion Project Guidance 

Memo ZV-07-034. 

A Tiger Team Steering Committee (hereby known as Steering Committee) has been assembled 

to oversee the design and analysis activities being performed during DAC#2 for the landing 

event. These activities include assessing current vehicle design for both water landing and 

contingency land landing events, assessing the current vehicle design susceptibility to roll 

control and tip over, reviewing methods for assessing occupant injury during 

ascent/aborts/landings, developing an alternate seat/attenuation design solution which improves 

occupant protection and operability, and testing the seat/attenuation system designs to ensure 

valid results. 

This memo establishes the roles and responsibilities for the Steering Committee and sub-tasks, 

the schedule/expectations, and primary initial conditions to be used for these tasks within the 

Orion project. The primary initial conditions listed are in coordination with the Constellation 

Program Contingency Land Landing Guidance Memo CxPO ZF-07-012. Orion Project will 

report occupant protection status to CxPO at key sync points throughout DAC#2 such that all 

parties concur on approach well before Orion Project executes DAC#2 Final ERB (currently 

8/1/2007) and PDR Board (currently 9/26/2007). Orion Project plans to status landing strategy 

and re-design recommendations during Orion Project Landing Strategy out-brief planned for 

3/7/2008 CxPO Sync TIM. 

The redesign teams will evaluate Orion vehicle performance and crew injury susceptibility based 

upon G-Loads experienced by the crew through each dynamic phase of flight, the rate of onset, 

and the experienced time duration. 

Final 

Approved 

Version 
2

Steering Committee Membership 

Members: Advisors:

Chair: John Curry Lockheed Martin: Blaine Brown (lead)

Co-Chair: Irene Piatek Lockheed Martin: Les Theard

VIO/Ops Lead: Angela Hart Lockheed Martin: Matt Carter

CM SE&I: Karl Pohl

CJ Johnson

Level 2 LRS: Don Pearson

CB/Crew: Lee Morin Level 2 PSE: Brian Muirhead

HMA ITA: Mark Jernigan

Mihriban 

Whitmore

Level 2 SE&I: Eli Rayos 

Jeff Loechel (Flt Perf 

SIG)

S&MA ITA: Jeff Cyphert

EA ITA: Julie Kramer

EVA Project: Miriam 

Sargusingh

NESC: Nancy Currie

Steering Committee Roles and Responsibilities

♦ Develop the best occupant protection system possible that maximizes crew safety during

ascent, ascent aborts, landing (water as well as contingency land landing), and through

the post landing and recovery phase. This includes evaluation of the current 606C

vehicle design as well as any alternate configurations of the various systems involved.

The end goal of this activity is to recommend an improved Seat/Attenuation Design

which supports DAC#2 schedules.

♦ Provide management direction regarding driving assumptions, scheduling constraints,

and sync point guidance to ensure all tasks and TDS work remains synchronized.

Approve driving loads cases to be analyzed by the task teams.

♦ Coordinate and provide recommendations to the following TDSs

Integrated Landing Strategy TDSs:

• TDS-CEVLM-21-1050: Contingency Land Landing (LM led)

TDS Lead – Rob Hixson

Steering Committee Task POC – Blaine Brown

• TDS CEVLM-04-1044: Roll Control

TDS Lead – Chris Madsen

Steering Committee Task POC – Chris Johnson

• TDS CEVLM-11-1043: Reuse Analysis for Water and Land Landing

TDS Lead – Chip Woods

Steering Committee Task POC – John Harrison

Entry and Post-landing recovery TDSs: 

Steering Committee Task POC: Angela Hart/Blaine Brown (for each of these TDSs)

• TDS IDAC-4 SIG-06-1006 (Level 2 led TDS)
3

§ 36 Hour Post Landing and Comparison of landing regions with 

environment data 

TDS Lead – Robyn Carrasquillo/Ed Rains supported by E&C 

SIG/Kristine Cummings Steering Committee Task 

• TDS CEV-LM-11_1040: ED-01

§ Entry, Descent, & Landing (EDL) Design Analysis (LM led TDS) -

Landing Trajectories Based upon Landing Scenarios 

TDS Lead - Joey Broome and George Chi/JSC GN&C

• TDS CEV-02-001 (NASA led TDS)

§ Development of Off-Nom Landing Scenarios

TDS Lead - Tom Walker and Ben Sellari/JSC-ZV; Supported by: 

George Deckhert/SR&QA, Anita Weaver

• TDS CEV LM-11-1028 (LM led)

§ Re-entry Passive Thermal Analysis

TDS Lead - Tim McCartney

The data from these TDS and other baseline vehicle information such as loads are 

required to perform the other tasks for this Tiger Team.

♦ Initiate and provide oversight for the following three tasks to be performed during

DAC#2:

Task 1: Modeling Injury Protection (see Appendix A)

Task Lead – CB/Mike Gernhardt

Steering Committee Task POC – Nancy Currie

Task 2: Occupant Protection Design Assessment (see Appendix B)

Task Lead – NESC/Joe Pellicciotti

Steering Committee Task POC – Julie Kramer

Task 3: Occupant Protection Development Testing (see Appendix C)

Task Lead – LaRC/Barry Bryant

Steering Committee Task POC – Chris Johnson

• One member of the Steering Committee is responsible for coordinating with each

task lead and bringing back status and issues to the regular meeting of the Steering

Committee.

• Task leads are responsible for setting up the team with regular membership, expert

POCs, advisors, stakeholders etc. They will provide detailed scope and sub-task

descriptions and task schedules. They also report to the Steering Committee as

noted.

• Each Task Lead participates in meetings at specific times (synch points) with the

Steering Committee to provide an extended discussion of their task including

accomplishments, issues and task schedule. All task leads are required to attend

synch point meetings and be in attendance for the entire meeting, to ensure data

exchange between the tasks.
4

♦ LM Steering Committee Advisor(s) provide status, issues and data to the Steering

Committee for dissemination to the entire Tiger Team and to assist in providing guidance

to the entire Tiger Team.

Products

Products of the Steering Committee are primarily those of the Tasks. These will include 

analysis reports, conceptual designs, test plans and test hardware. In addition, the Steering 

Committee will develop and maintain an integrated schedule incorporating key activities and 

milestones from all the tasks. 

Steering Committee Meetings

• The Steering Committee will meet weekly on Tuesdays from 2-3 pm Central time (JSC

Building 17, Room 2037) to discuss current status and schedule. Goal is to keep 

meeting duration to no more than 1 hr. 

o Telecon number/Passcode will be provided in the Outlook meeting

announcement. 

o Regular Tuesday meetings will begin on Tuesday, January 8th, 2008.

o All Task Leads (or a designee) should attend to receive coordinating information

and provide brief status of their work.

• A member of the Steering Committee will brief status to the CICP each Friday at 9 am

CST (17/1066) to summarize TDS and Task Team work and bring key agreements and

to status issues. Task Leads should also attend or tie into CICPs to status their work

and get key stakeholder feedback. Specific CICP briefings related to Landing Strategy

are planned for January 11th and January 18th CICPs as described in the scheduling

portion of this memo.

• Steering Committee meetings and team data will be posted at the following WIKI:

https://ice.exploration.nasa.gov/confluence/display/OrionOpsIntDAC2/Landing+Strategy+Tiger+T

eams

• WIKI Site and Tiger Team phone/email lists will be maintained by Evelyn Arrington and

Angela Hart. Contact information for adding names, contact information, or charts/data

to the WIKI site:

o Evelyn Arrington: JSC 

o Angela Hart: JSC 
5

Additional information and initial guidance

Task 2 is not just a peer review of possible existing alternate concepts. The Task 2 team will be 

briefed on all alternate concepts that exist today, including the LM baseline. Task 2 team will 

have the freedom to use any, all, none or any combination of these concepts in their conceptual 

design.

The Cockpit Working Group will participate as evaluators for all three new tasks as well as 

evaluation of current ongoing TDS recommendations. The Crew Office and SR&QA input will 

be incorporated as part of the CWG evaluation. 

LM and Task 1/2 teams have flexibility to challenge requirements that may be unnecessarily 

driving the design. These requirements challenges will be brought to the Steering Committee 

for discussion.

Vehicle analysis and loads generation shall include driving water impact and contingency land 

landing cases.

Development Guidelines 

The following operability drivers and guidelines will be considered during 606C re-design efforts:

♦ Occupant protection system should not be dependent on direction of impact (no roll

control).

♦ Develop design that fits within current Outer Mold Line (OML) configuration.

♦ High priority to leave Operators 1 and 2 in location of 606C (related to windows/Displays

and Controls). Current window location allows for horizon viewing post LAS

separation/manual steering. Retain design eye point.

♦ Develop design that fits within current Inner Mold Line (IML) configuration excluding

current attenuation system (Pallet, seat, struts). Identification of proposed changes to

IML items (subsystem component location, size, etc) are to be brought to the Steering

Committee for evaluation.

♦ Develop design to meet Orion driving requirements (HSIR, SRD, CARD). Identification

of changes to requirements will be brought to Steering Committee for evaluation. Not all

requirements are completely off limits.

♦ Occupant protection system design should minimize impacts into the NHV, on-orbit

operations and access to stowage/controls. If the proposed design requires

reconfiguration for ingress/egress or to access stowage, the reconfiguration needs to be

easy/quick with NO tools required.
6

Schedule/Expectations

DAC#2 Schedule (with important synch points) is as follows:

DAC#2 Duration (11/16/2007 - 6/9/2008), Road to 9/26/08 PDR Board

9/26 

Orion

PDR 

1/22 

E 

R 

B

6/30 SS Reviews 8/1 

 

11/16 

DAC#2 

Start

1/25 

C 

I 

C 

P 

1/29 

C 

P 

C 

B 

2/4 

S 

E 

C 

B 

2/29< Steering > 3/7 

E < Committee> L S 

R < & CPCB > V Y 

B < Status > L N 

2 C

 Evaluate 606C Model/Trade Options Select Option: Dev&Test 

 6/9 

F E 

I R 

N B

5/8

Reassess 

nom 

land? 

1st Third of DAC#2 (11/16/07-1/22/08)

• Orion Vehicle Engineering & Integration Working Group (OVEIWG)

o Spacecraft redesign options/recommendations will be reviewed by OVEIWG at

discreet points during DAC#2 to help ensure an integrated technical solution (e.g.

mass allocations).

o Prior to 1/18 CICP, OVEIWG will review the 20 TDSs coming to 1/22/08

Architecture ERB including each of the Integrated Landing Strategy and Entry/Post

Landing TDSs.

§ See Appendix D for a summary of TDS work coming to 1/22/08 ERB 

• CEV Integration Control Panel (CICP)

o Meets every Friday beginning at 9 am CST start (Building 17/1066),

Chair: NASA/John Curry, Co-Chair: LM/Brian Cuthbert.

o Friday, 1/11/08 and 1/18/08 CICP (prior to 1/22/08 ERB), Expectations are as

follows:

§ Curry/Cuthbert (Piatek/Brown) will brief stakeholders regarding overall 

plans for working Landing Strategy during DAC#2

§ CAWG Lead/Jim Geffre will summarize status recommendations for the 20 

TDSs coming to 1/22/08 ERB (see Apprendix D - 1/22 TDS Summary) 

§ TDS and Task Leads will out-brief Landing Strategy related TDS/Task 

plans/work so that all stakeholders have a clear understanding of the big 

picture. 

§ OVEIWG (with CAWG/MPCP), Ops IWG/CWG, AV&SW IPT, and Reqts 

IWG will provide recommendations related to Orion 606C Requirements and 

Technical Baseline in support of 1/22/08 Architecture ERB

• 1/22/08 LM Architecture Engineering Review Board (ERB)

o LM Outbrief of DAC#2 Architecture related TDSs (20 total including Landing

Strategy)

§ 606C Vehicle performance during nominal water and contingency 

land landings based upon environments data identified per Level 2 

guidance memo or this Tiger Team assumptions memo. 
7

§ Emphasis will be on the ISS (Block 1) variant of the Orion spacecraft 

(6 person de-conditioned crew returning to Earth and landing on water 

and land). 

• 1/25 CICP:

o Emphasis of reusability will be as it applies to water land landing reuse will be

addressed after March 7, 2008.

o CICP Chair/John Curry will formally poll major stakeholders on GO

FORWARD plan and recommendations regarding occupant protection areas

of emphasis.

§ Summarize results from 1/22/08 ERB

§ Karl Pohl/CJ Johnson (with Langley LADDERS team) out-brief on 

recommended areas of emphasis for external vehicle redesign trades 

(e.g. Heat shield configurations, retros, airbags, parachutes, etc.)

§ Angela Hart outbrief on Entry and Post Landing Recovery TDSs and 

associated areas of emphasis planned for the remainder of DAC#2

§ CB/Mike Gernhardt outbrief on Task #1 Modeling status and areas of 

emphasis for providing an updated model to Tiger Team in time for 

3/7/08 design downselect.

§ NESC/Joe Pellicciotti outbrief on Task #2 recommended areas of 

emphasis for occupant protection within cockpit habitable volume. 

§ Barry Bryant outbrief on Task #3 status and forward work plans. 

• 1/29 CEV Project Control Board: The Orion Project control board, called the CEV

Project Control Board (CPCB), meets every Tuesday at 9 am CST (17/1066). 

o CICP Chair/John Curry will status Mark Geyer and the rest of the Orion

Project team regarding results of 1/22 Architecture ERB and 

recommendations from 1/25 CICP regarding areas of emphasis for occupant 

protection redesign teams. 

o Mr. Curry will also seek approval for recommendations/status to bring forward

to SECB. 

• Week of 2/4: CxSECB Summary Outbrief (Level 2 sync opportunity)

o Mr. Curry will status CxSECB regarding current vehicle capabilities as well as

forward work recommendations for analyses and potential design

modifications which may be assessed during the remainder of DAC#2.

o Road to 3/7/08 Level 2 Program Sync TIM will also be summarized (Orion

plan as well as Ares plans including Thrust Oscillation status)
8

2nd Third of DAC#2 (2/4 – 3/7/2008)

• Details will be defined during January Tiger Team Steering Committee meeting. Current

high level plans are as follows:

o NASA refine work on 606C capabilities, evaluate structural modifications to improve

design (e.g. Retros, Passive Heat Shield)

o Evaluate parachute designs to allow passive roll control; evaluate structural impacts

to eliminate roll control dependency

o NESC begin to refine Occupant Protection options (No Roll Control, ability to

protect crew during tip-over, etc.)

• ERB Outbrief (Mid-Term ERB) on 2/29/2008

• Level 2 Synch TIM on 3/7/2008

o Summarize 606C vehicle capabilities/limitations (Landings as well as Post

Landing Recovery)

o Summarize Seat/Attenuation Design Downselect to primary option

o Status Level 2 regarding Orion Project PDR milestones.

o Development/testing plan for new design

o Receive CLV status regarding Thrust Oscillation impacts on Orion

o Discuss Path to Nominal Land Landing (if feasible), which includes reusability

and impacts to Life Cycle Cost (LCC)

Last Third of DAC#2 (3/7 – 6/9/2008)

• Manufacture Test Article, Drops Tests to validate design

• NASA Team re-fine structural re-design modifications

• Incorporate Thrust Oscillation effects, validate design works for this

• Evaluate ability to move back to nominal land landing from CLL Re-design. NOTE:

Only spend effort on this if folks agree this is worth pursuing at 3/7/2008 TIM

The post 6/9/2008 ERB schedule depends heavily upon agreements made at CxPO TIM and if 

Orion Project schedule drivers are still 8/1/2008 DAC#2 Final ERB and 9/26/2008 PDR Board. 

DAC#2 Landing Event Assumptions

Vehicle Configuration Assumptions

• Orion vehicle design (for initial analysis purposes to support 1/22 Architecture ERB) will

be 606C vehicle (6 person configuration) which was approved at the 11/16 DAC#2 POD 

ERB with the following exception:

o The heat shield shall remain mated to the vehicle for the landing event. Design

options should consider a rigidly attached heat shield with attenuation through 

the 6 hard points or an unlocked heat shield to allow for more energy attenuation 

through the heat shield. Analysis should proceed with evaluation of both 

configurations – a hard attach at the 6 hard points or with the ability to attenuate 

through the hard point(s). 

• The DAC#2 (ISS Mission) mass properties constraint is to keep Crew Module (CM)

Effective Payload Mass (EPM) below 21,000 lbs including Mass Growth Allowance 

(MGA) and MR

• For comparison purposes, the 606C Seat and Pallet masses are assumed to be as

follows (per OVEIWG/Wayne Jermstad):

o ISS 6 person pallet (includes frame and struts) - 511 lb
9

o Lunar 4 person pallet (includes frame and struts) - 449 lb

o Seats (operators) - 53.2 lb each

o Seats (non-operators) - 36.3 lb each

NOTE: All numbers include Mass Growth Allowance (MGA).

• EVA Suit design configuration is ESR#2 (waist ring eliminated).

Contingency Land Landing (CLL) Assumptions

• Crew Health: For analysis purposes, assume CLL occurs with a de-conditioned long

duration crew. H&M ITA ACTION: Provide definition of “Deconditioned crew”. 

• Contingency Land Landing assessments should utilize the Brinkley Low as default

criteria for 1/22 analyses. Post 1/22 analyses will use TBD criteria (NOTE: vehicle will 

continue to be assessed against Brinkley Low unless a modified criteria is approved by 

Tiger Team). 

• Environmental Conditions and Vehicle Assumptions (Design To drivers for 1/22

assessment):

Horizontal Velocity: 0 to 60 fps in 10 fps increments

Land Slope: 0 and 5 deg 

Soil: Hard Packed and Dry Loose Sand per NASA Langley LS/Dyna soil 

models. Hard Packed representative to hardest dry lake bed conditions. 

Dry Loose Sand representative to beach conditions.

Notes:

1. Not necessary to assess obstructions, ditches, or ground fires that might result from an

abort

2. Initial Orion Project contingency land landing evaluations planned (goal is to have

analyses available by 1/22 ERB):

a. Contingency Land Landing conditions above with nominal vehicle performance

(i.e. 3-chutes, 28 deg hang angle, and roll control available with a 6-person

configuration).

b. Contingency Land Landing conditions above with the following “roll control

fail” cases:

i. ±90 deg (side impact), and 180 deg (head first)

3. Future evaluations may be run for single chute out or additional failure cases depending

upon 1/22 architecture status ERB results/recommendations.

4. CxPO may also request additional analyses for additional Land Slope/soil/wind speed

cases based upon 1/22 ERB results and week of 1/28 or 2/4 SECB Outbrief.

5. Vehicle will likely Tip Over at some point during the 0-60 FPS analyses. When this

occurs:

i. Define what conditions causes it to tip over and provide rationale for the cause of

the tip-over (e.g. wind and other environmental constraints and vehicle

conditions like 28 deg hang angle) so mitigation methods may be investigated.

ii. Design-Goal is to develop a solution that protects the crew in the event the

vehicle tips over regardless of tip-over mitigation plan.
10

6. It is desirable to assess a single run where struts may have bottomed out during the run 

and re-run that same configuration with a different stroke profile such that it doesn’t 

bottom out (so that we can compare results).

7. As part of CLL TDS, Orion to review Level 2 environment conditions and work with 

Level 2 to define proper engineering models/requirements for landing environment and 

definition of realistic bounding conditions. 

John M. Curry

Tiger Team Chair

Manager, Orion Project Vehicle 

Integration 

NASA Johnson Space Center

Blaine Brown

Tiger Team Lead Advisor

Manager, Crew Module Office

Lockheed Martin

Irene Piatek

Tiger Team Co-Chair

Manager, Orion Project Crew Module 

Office 

NASA Johnson Space Center
11

Appendix A: Task #1: Modeling Injury Protection

LEAD: CB/Mike Gernhardt

TEAM: NESC, industry and academic experts, key stakeholders (Crew Office, JSC 

Engineering, JSC Space Medicine and Human Engineering)

STEERING COMMITTEE POC: Nancy Currie, Ph.D.

TASK DESCRIPTION:

Determine appropriate methods for modeling and prediction of potential crew injuries. Activities 

include conducting data mining of injury databases (NASACAR, CIREN, military, etc); 

assessment of impact simulation and injury prediction methodologies. Recommend techniques 

/ changes to requirements appropriate for Orion including stated limitations.

♦ Data Mining of Injury Databases 

§ Review automobile, NASCAR, military, and other applicable occupant injury 

databases

♦ Review limitations and capabilities of analysis tools/techniques

§ Review impact simulation techniques appropriate for Orion

§ Review occupant injury prediction techniques

♦ Recommend analysis techniques and models appropriate for use by Orion 

♦ Recommend appropriate human mass properties data for use by Orion

♦ Provide the necessary mass properties data

♦ Recommend appropriate impact acceleration/occupant injury criteria 

♦ Given driving load cases, assess current 606C baseline and alternate designs and 

recommend potential modifications, if required
12

Last Name First Organization 

Begeman Paul Wayne State University 

Bolte John

Brinkley Jim

Ohio State University 

Consultant L2 Technology 

Daniel Brian A. NASA

Gernhardt Mike NASA

Feiveson Alan NASA

Gohmert Dustin NASA

Hubbard Robert Michigan State University 

Jadwick Jennifer Wyle

Jones Jeff NASA/SD

Lawrence Chuck NASA/GRC

Morin Lee MNASA/CB/CWG

Scheuring Richard NASA

Stitzel Joel Wake Forest University

Whitmore Mihriban NASA/VIO

Melvin, Ph.D John Wayne State University

Tabiei, Ph.D. Ala (Al) University of Cincinnati

Cowley Matt LM

Clowers, Ph.D Kurt MEI

Rajulu, Ph.D Sudhakar NASA-JC

PRODUCTS

§ Periodic Briefings to Steering Committee/CEV Project Office

§ Given driving load cases (from Orion Project Office)

♦ Analyze Orion baseline design (606C) as well as alternate configurations developed by

Task #2 team

§ Final report to include:

• Recommendations for standard analysis techniques and models

• Recommendations for impact acceleration/occupant injury criteria appropriate for use

by Orion

CORE TEAM MEMBERS
13

Appendix B: Task #2: Seat/Attenuation Design Assessment

LEAD: J. Pellicciotti / NESC

TEAM: NESC (Independent) Team

SUPPORT: Key stake-holders (Crew, CEV Cockpit Working Group, Orion Sys Mgrs, EVA 

Project Office)

STEERING COMMITTEE POC: Julie Kramer

TASK DESCRIPTION:

Independently develop alternate crew seat/attenuation scheme to increase robustness and 

minimize risk of crew injuries. Activities include assessment of current and existing alternate 

designs and investigation of alternative seat/ attenuation systems. Final output will be EDU 

drawings which will be provided to Task #3 group.

♦ Assess current CEV 606C and alternative design configurations for occupant protection

§ Review configurations developed to date

§ Develop configuration with emphasis on improving robustness and maximizing 

crew protection from acceleration forces given requirements / goals. “Improving 

robustness” defined as:

• Ability to land without active roll control

• Ability to withstand/protect against unanticipated conditions such as postlanding tip-over and tumble of the spacecraft

§ Design should be supported by Task #1 analysis

♦ Recommend occupant protection improvements (if any) by March 7th, 2008 (CxPO Sync

TIM)

♦ Provide Engineering Development Unit (EDU) design to be manufactured by Task #3

Group

The team will consist of vehicle designers and analysts capable of performing design, layout, 

and performance assessments of alternate seat/attenuation designs. Team will include a 

physical ergonomist to provide appropriate crew mass and anthropometric data for population 

range design considerations as well as harness and restraint design. An initial review of 

concepts explored to date will be provided, but should not limit this task. Due to task scheduling 

constraints, engineering judgment may be used to allow team to focus on most applicable 

concepts.

The following crew injury susceptibility metrics should be used as factors in evaluating crew 

injury susceptibility:

• G-Loads, Rate of Onset, Time Duration
14

CORE TEAM MEMBERS

Cx ORION Crew Seat Landing Load Attenuation Team

Task #2: Design Evaluation / Alternates

Discipline Name Org.

TASK #2 CORE TEAM

Mechanical Systems Task 

Lead

Joe Pellicciotti NESC

Systems Engineering Support Dan Yuchnovicz NESC

Apollo Lessons Learned Jerry

McCullough

NASA Retired

Energy Absorption Technology Jim Corliss LaRC

Impact Load Evaluation Dr. David Shemwell SPA

Impact Load Evaluation Dr. Marc Adams JPL

Dr. James Zwissler JPL

Mechanism Engineer Pete Rossoni GSFC

Mechanism Analysis Engineer Ryan McClelland ATK

Dynamics / Shock Analyst Dan Kaufman GSFC

Hardware Structural Analysis 

Ld

Contractor

Designer - CAD - system 

concepts

Contractor

Designer - CAD Contractor

CAD Infrastructure Support Mike Mongilio ATK
15

Appendix B: Task #2: Seat/Attenuation Design 

Assessment, Continued

Cx ORION Crew Seat Landing Load Attenuation Team

Task #2: Design Evaluation / Alternates

Discipline Name Org.

SUPPORT POCs

Task Steering Committee 

Interface 

(CEV Chief Engineer)

Julie Kramer

JSC

NESC Steering Committee 

Interface Nancy Currie NESC/JSC

CEV Cockpit Working 

Group & Human Factors

Jim Ratliff JSC

Dr. Lee Morin

Crew Office Interface Dr. Lee Morin

Dynamic Analyst - Loads 

Development Dr. Chuck Lawrence GRC

Test Program Interface Barry Bryant LaRC

CEV Mock-up Hardware 

Interface Jeff Fox JSC

Crew Suit Interface Miriam Sargusingh JSC

Health and Medical POC Mihriban Whitmore JSC

NESC Project Support

MTSO (Management & 

Technical Support Office) 

Program Analyst

Lisa McAlhaney

NESC

Project Coordinator Tina Dunn NESC / ATK

Planner (Scheduler) Linda Burgess NESC / ATK

Technical Writer Eric Pope NESC / ATK
16

SCHEDULE

This task is necessary to be performed within the ODAC-2 cycle. The outcome of this 

assessment may change the design and/or analysis approach to occupant protection, and any 

changes are necessary before Orion PDR to inform design. Even though Orion PDR is 

currently schedule for September of 2008, the Task#2 team is expected to provide a primary 

design option to the Steering Committee in time to support the 3/7/2008 Level 2 Sync TIM. 

Once a primary option(s) are selected during this TIM, Task#2 team will redirect scope to 

manufacturing and development of a test article which provides proof of concept re-design 

validation. Scheduled completion of fabrication drawings with associated analyses is planned 

for May, 2008.

PRODUCTS

♦ Concept Design Layouts

♦ Test Hardware Part Drawings

♦ Alternate Design Evaluation Report
17

Appendix C: Task #3: Seat Attenuation System Development Testing

LEAD: Barry Bryant, R. Keith Johnson / LaRC

TEAM: LaDDERS ADP

SUPPORT: Key stake-holders (Task #1 & #2 leads, Orion system managers)

STEERING COMMITTEE POC: Chris Johnson

TASK DESCRIPTION:

Conduct early development testing of the seat attenuation system with the following objectives:

• Provide early identification of system-level performance issues

• Assess modeling techniques and develop future analysis strategies

• Explore testing methods and develop future testing approaches to meet system

verification objectives

In addition to evaluating the Orion 606C seat attenuation system, alternate configurations from 

Task #2 may also be tested as permitted by the available schedule and resources.

The basic objectives of the test would be to assess the performance of the crew impact 

attenuation system. This should be done at the basic level, isolating the unknowns from the test 

and evaluating the impact attenuation system on its own. This would allow test procedures to 

be developed, allow basic performance issues to be identified, and allow model correlation of 

the crew impact attenuation system. The test setup could be very basic. A simple structure 

could interface the pallet/strut system, and the impacts could be performed on land given that 

loading profiles would be representative of nominal and off-nominal conditions for both water 

and land landings.

SCHEDULE

This task is necessary to be performed within the ODAC-2 cycle. The outcome of this 

assessment may change the design and/or analysis approach to occupant protection, and any 

changes are necessary before Orion PDR to inform design. The Orion PDR is currently 

scheduled for September of 2008. Detailed schedules and milestones are currently being 

derived by the Orion Project Office and the LaDDERS ADP.

PRODUCTS:

Products provided and performed are described as follows:

• Orion Project

o Provide Orion seat attenuation system strut hardware

o Provide Orion seat pallet information (stiffness)

o Provide Orion seat design information

o Provide recommendations for evaluation test matrix and instrumentation

o Provide recommendations for an alternate seat/attenuation concept

• Task #3 Leads

o Build test platform for drop testing
18

o Build seat pallet with necessary 606C properties

o Build seat with necessary 606C properties

o Build additional interfacing hardware as necessary

o Build alternate seat/attenuation hardware from Task #2

o Perform drop tests according to test matrix

o Record instrumentation data and provide to Orion
19

Appendix D: 1/22 Architecture ERB TDS Status

TDSs with System Impacts, planned complete at 1/22/08 ERB

CEVLM-04-1041***	 ED-03		Entry,	Descent,	&	Landing	Preliminary	DAC-2	Trajectories	

CEVLM-01-1026	 Science	Instrument	Module	Definition	

CEVLM-01-1028*	 Use	of	Existing	Heritage	OMS	Assets	on	Orion	

CEVLM-11-1043	 Reuse	Analysis	for	Water	Landing	and	Land	Landing	

CEVLM-01-1023**	 ESM	hinge	configuration	options	

CEVLM-11-1041	 Emergency	Scenario	Capabilities	Development	

CEVLM-21-1050*	 Contingency	Land	Landing	Analysis	

CEV	Stability	at	Drogue	Release	Trade	Study	

Heatshield	Material	Selection	

Title	

CEVLM-21-1049	

CEVLM-21-1038	

Identifier	

* Additional Coordination Required to Assess 1/22 Completion Risk

** Evaluating whether this analysis is still required. The initial mass savings potential has been 

determined to be negligible.

*** This analysis is merely a data drop of the preliminary trajectories at the 1/22 ERB. The trajectories 

will be refined over the course of DAC-2, but other trades/analyses can use this data for preliminary 

assessments.

x Completed
20

TDSs Scheduled for update at 1/22 – focus on system level impacts

CEVLM-01-1027	 Unpressurized	Cargo	Definition	 2/15/2008	

CEVLM-01-1024**	 Trisector	vs.	Bisector	Fairing	Trade	 2/15/2008	

CEVLM-04-1035	 AA-04		LAV	Roll	Control	 2/15/2008	

4/25/2008†	 CEVLM-21-1039	 Independent	Heatshield	Carrier	Structure	Design	Analysis	

4/25/2008†	 CEVLM-01-1022	 Frangible	Joint	vs.	LSC	for	Lower	Horizontal	Joint	of	SM	Fairing	

5/8/2008†	 CEVLM-04-1044	 ED-04	Assess	CM	Touchdown	Roll	Control	Options	

2/29/2008†	 CEVLM-11-1018***	 OG-02	SM	RCS	Thruster	Layout	

5/8/2008†	 CEVLM-11-1042	 Fiber	optic	feasibility	trade	study	

CEVLM-15-1001	 Lightning	Analyses,	Direct	and	Indirect	 4/1/2008	

CEVLM-15-1000	 EMI	Crosstalk,	Shielding,	&	RS103	Allocation	 3/30/2008	

CEVLM-09-1029	 Channelized	Timephased	Electrical	Load	Analysis	 3/20/2008	

CEVLM-09-1030	 Power	Source	Sizing	 3/20/2008	

Identifier	 Title	 ECD	

* Additional Coordination Required to Assess 1/22 Completion Risk

** Evaluating whether this analysis is still required. 

*** Per Bill Johns, this must be complete by 1/22

† The estimated completion dates of these analyses are currently being re-evaluated. PDR 

deliverable impact and time
21

TDSs Scheduled for update at 1/22 – focus on system level impacts 

(Continued)

6/1/2008†	 Provide	input	to	DRD-CEV-T-045	"CEV	Radiation	Analysis	and	

Certification	Report"

CEVLM-21-1035	

4/17/2008†	 CEVLM-11-1040	 DFI,	LFI,	and	ARFI	Instrumentation	Analysis	

5/8/2008†	 CEVLM-11-1023	 ED-01	Entry,	Descent	&	Landing	(EDL)	Design	Analysis	

Dynamic	Environments	Analysis	

Mass	Properties	Update	

Reliability/Maintainability	Analysis	-	Reliability	analysis	of	rolled	up	

subsystem	reliabilities	to	include	power	&	data	contributions	

Probabilistic	Risk	Assessment	

Title	

6/9/2008†	 CEVLM-11-1031	

5/22/2008†	 CEVLM-11-1017	

5/2/2008†	

5/2/2008†	

ECD	

CEVLM-10-1020	

CEVLM-10-1019	

Identifier	

† The estimated completion dates of these analyses are currently being re-evaluated. PDR 

deliverable impact and time needed to complete the subsystem MELs must be determined. ECDs 

will be moved to the left as needed in order to ensure on time delivery of data to the subsystems. 

Blue highlighted dates reflect those ECDs which have already been moved to the left.
22

Appendix B. Sprague and Geers Model Correlation Results

B-1. Frontal Impact

Total Error FTSS MADYMO CCIP

Head X Acc (g) 15.5 ± 4.9% 6.8 ± 2.7% 18.5 ± 3.8%

Head Y Acc (g) 87.2 ± 21.0% 100.5 ± 11.9% 76.4 ± 23.1%

Head Z Acc (g) 40.8 ± 10.5% 30.1 ± 4.9% 40.9 ± 11.1%

Head Reslt Acc (g) 15.4 ± 4.8% 11.7 ± 3.8% 16.2 ± 2.0%

Head X Vel (rad/sec) 10.2 ± 5.9% 18.8 ± 8.5% 6.6 ± 2.1%

Head Y Vel (rad/sec) 97.2 ± 15.2% 103.6 ± 19.7% 89.2 ± 23.7%

Head Z Vel (rad/sec) 7.8 ± 7.0% 52.5 ± 10.1% 14.0 ± 7.2%

Head Reslt Vel (rad/sec) 7.7 ± 6.5% 11.3 ± 1.2% 9.4 ± 3.9%

Head X Disp (mm) 54.4 ± 19.3% 8.8 ± 8.6% 14.0 ± 12.4%

Head Y Disp (mm)

Head Z Disp (mm) 47.6 ± 18.8% 40.1 ± 10.6% 16.8 ± 13.4%

Head Y Rot Acc (g) 45.6 ± 8.0% 90.9 ± 27.5%

Head Y Rot Vel (rad/sec) 30.6 ± 8.2% 25.5 ± 9.9%

Chest X Acc (g) 11.9 ± 4.5% 17.0 ± 2.4% 7.8 ± 2.5%

Chest Y Acc (g) 64.8 ± 11.9% 103.6 ± 10.4% 82.2 ± 19.4%

Chest Z Acc (g) 94.3 ± 15.2% 113.6 ± 62.3% 206.0 ± 84.4%

Chest Reslt Acc (g) 13.9 ± 5.0% 12.3 ± 3.2% 12.0 ± 4.3%

Chest X Disp (mm)

Chest Y Disp (mm)

Chest Z Disp (mm)

Neck Upper X Force (N) 14.2 ± 5.2% 10.9 ± 3.0% 27.7 ± 7.8%

Neck Upper Y Force (N) 72.0 ± 16.4% 83.5 ± 29.2% 63.5 ± 9.6%

Neck Upper Z Force (N) 29.5 ± 6.4% 28.2 ± 4.6% 66.8 ± 12.9%

Neck Upper Reslt Force (N) 19.3 ± 5.9% 10.8 ± 4.5% 48.5 ± 12.1%

Neck Upper X Moment (Nm) 82.1 ± 13.0% 75.1 ± 12.6% 71.3 ± 16.3%

Neck Upper Y Moment (Nm) 48.0 ± 12.5% 16.6 ± 3.9% 60.9 ± 11.6%

Neck Upper Z Moment (Nm) 66.5 ± 16.8% 66.0 ± 14.1% 224.3 ± 159.8%

Neck Upper Reslt Moment (Nm) 40.6 ± 12.3% 14.3 ± 4.7% 54.9 ± 17.6%

Lumbar Lower X Force (N) 96.4 ± 48.3% 48.1 ± 11.4% 114.7 ± 30.4%

Lumbar Lower Z Force (N) 61.7 ± 13.1% 67.1 ± 17.7% 96.3 ± 36.4%

Lumbar Lower Y Moment (Nm) 66.4 ± 34.0% 50.1 ± 19.6% 228.1 ± 57.1%

Pelvis X Disp (mm) 145.7 ± 15.4% 38.7 ± 11.2% 40.0 ± 15.1%

Pelvis Y Disp (mm)

Pelvis Z Disp (mm) 105.5 ± 4.8% 75.1 ± 4.9% 45.3 ± 15.5%

Left Lap Belt Reslt Force (N) 28.6 ± 12.1% 45.3 ± 4.2% 59.4 ± 3.8%

Right Lap Belt Reslt Force (N) 20.8 ± 11.4% 58.3 ± 5.7% 65.4 ± 3.8%

Left Shoulder Belt Reslt Force (N) 15.9 ± 8.1% 28.4 ± 3.0% 8.2 ± 2.4%

Right Shoulder Belt Reslt Force (N) 9.8 ± 2.8% 9.4 ± 3.9% 12.4 ± 3.4%

Middle Crotch Belt Reslt Force (N) 55.6 ± 31.8% 445.6 ± 136.1% 975.5 ± 546.4%

HIC15 42.5 ± 9.9% 26.1 ± 10.3% 39.8 ± 11.2%

HIC36 41.3 ± 14.1% 19.3 ± 6.0% 17.1 ± 2.1%

Upper NIJ 33.9 ± 7.6% 21.8 ± 4.4% 66.4 ± 6.8%

Nkm 19.4 ± 9.2% 9.3 ± 1.9% 33.0 ± 4.7%

Table B-1: Frontal Impact Total Error

Magnitude Error FTSS MADYMO CCIP

Head X Acc (g) 10.3 ± 8.1% 3.1 ± 3.5% 12.4 ± 6.7%

Head Y Acc (g) 66.3 ± 27.8% 78.6 ± 9.8% 51.1 ± 29.9%

Head Z Acc (g) 38.0 ± 10.8% 27.9 ± 4.4% 36.6 ± 12.7%
23

Head Reslt Acc (g) 12.2 ± 5.2% 9.8 ± 3.2% 9.0 ± 2.8%

Head X Vel (rad/sec) 9.5 ± 6.3% 18.7 ± 8.5% 5.7 ± 2.5%

Head Y Vel (rad/sec) 81.4 ± 11.1% 75.8 ± 14.9% 59.9 ± 26.3%

Head Z Vel (rad/sec) 6.0 ± 7.1% 52.3 ± 10.0% 13.4 ± 7.1%

Head Reslt Vel (rad/sec) 6.5 ± 7.1% 11.3 ± 1.2% 9.0 ± 4.1%

Head X Disp (mm) 54.3 ± 19.3% 8.0 ± 8.8% 11.8 ± 14.0%

Head Y Disp (mm)

Head Z Disp (mm) 47.4 ± 18.7% 39.8 ± 10.5% 15.2 ± 14.9%

Head Y Rot Acc (g) 25.5 ± 14.3% 82.0 ± 28.9%

Head Y Rot Vel (rad/sec) 20.9 ± 10.9% 16.1 ± 14.1%

Chest X Acc (g) 5.3 ± 4.0% 16.0 ± 2.2% 3.6 ± 3.3%

Chest Y Acc (g) 33.8 ± 14.0% 70.9 ± 4.1% 50.8 ± 17.7%

Chest Z Acc (g) 89.3 ± 17.1% 103.3 ± 73.1% 203.9 ± 85.8%

Chest Reslt Acc (g) 8.9 ± 5.2% 10.7 ± 3.0% 8.8 ± 5.9%

Chest X Disp (mm)

Chest Y Disp (mm)

Chest Z Disp (mm)

Neck Upper X Force (N) 9.9 ± 6.2% 8.5 ± 4.2% 24.0 ± 9.3%

Neck Upper Y Force (N) 47.7 ± 24.2% 56.7 ± 29.4% 36.5 ± 14.8%

Neck Upper Z Force (N) 25.8 ± 6.1% 26.0 ± 4.3% 64.3 ± 13.6%

Neck Upper Reslt Force (N) 16.6 ± 6.3% 8.7 ± 4.2% 46.5 ± 12.6%

Neck Upper X Moment (Nm) 61.4 ± 16.8% 60.6 ± 19.2% 46.8 ± 28.0%

Neck Upper Y Moment (Nm) 35.0 ± 14.2% 6.4 ± 1.2% 49.2 ± 21.4%

Neck Upper Z Moment (Nm) 34.2 ± 20.2% 24.5 ± 12.1% 210.8 ± 169.8%

Neck Upper Reslt Moment (Nm) 33.6 ± 12.7% 5.2 ± 2.2% 47.9 ± 21.3%

Lumbar Lower X Force (N) 95.2 ± 49.3% 43.0 ± 11.2% 114.0 ± 30.4%

Lumbar Lower Z Force (N) 21.6 ± 14.8% 28.2 ± 18.0% 65.3 ± 51.1%

Lumbar Lower Y Moment (Nm) 55.7 ± 41.9% 44.5 ± 19.5% 227.3 ± 57.6%

Pelvis X Disp (mm) 145.7 ± 15.4% 38.6 ± 11.2% 39.6 ± 15.4%

Pelvis Y Disp (mm)

Pelvis Z Disp (mm) 74.7 ± 4.6% 75.0 ± 5.0% 40.6 ± 13.6%

Left Lap Belt Reslt Force (N) 27.5 ± 11.8% 45.2 ± 4.2% 58.3 ± 3.9%

Right Lap Belt Reslt Force (N) 19.1 ± 12.2% 57.9 ± 5.6% 64.1 ± 3.8%

Left Shoulder Belt Reslt Force (N) 13.5 ± 9.1% 27.8 ± 2.8% 4.4 ± 3.1%

Right Shoulder Belt Reslt Force (N) 4.9 ± 2.7% 7.9 ± 3.9% 9.3 ± 4.3%

Middle Crotch Belt Reslt Force (N) 50.8 ± 35.0% 445.4 ± 136.2% 975.4 ± 546.5%

HIC15 39.0 ± 9.8% 23.9 ± 9.9% 32.8 ± 11.6%

HIC36 39.4 ± 13.9% 18.1 ± 5.8% 7.3 ± 6.3%

Upper NIJ 31.6 ± 8.0% 17.7 ± 4.1% 65.4 ± 7.0%

Nkm 15.8 ± 9.4% 6.9 ± 2.9% 31.2 ± 4.9%

Table B-2: Frontal Impact Magnitude Error

Phase Error FTSS MADYMO CCIP

Head X Acc (g) 9.7 ± 2.4% 5.3 ± 2.0% 12.6 ± 2.0%

Head Y Acc (g) 53.4 ± 9.8% 61.0 ± 16.9% 51.1 ± 19.2%

Head Z Acc (g) 14.1 ± 4.8% 11.1 ± 3.0% 17.0 ± 3.2%

Head Reslt Acc (g) 9.1 ± 2.1% 6.2 ± 2.3% 13.2 ± 2.5%

Head X Vel (rad/sec) 2.8 ± 0.9% 2.5 ± 0.9% 3.0 ± 1.3%

Head Y Vel (rad/sec) 47.1 ± 28.9% 65.4 ± 31.9% 58.0 ± 33.0%

Head Z Vel (rad/sec) 4.5 ± 2.1% 3.7 ± 1.9% 3.9 ± 1.8%

Head Reslt Vel (rad/sec) 3.1 ± 1.1% 1.0 ± 0.3% 2.2 ± 1.1%

Head X Disp (mm) 2.7 ± 1.0% 2.9 ± 1.2% 4.8 ± 1.0%

Head Y Disp (mm)
24

Head Z Disp (mm) 4.0 ± 2.4% 4.9 ± 2.6% 3.9 ± 2.4%

Head Y Rot Acc (g) 36.1 ± 3.4% 37.7 ± 8.0%

Head Y Rot Vel (rad/sec) 20.7 ± 5.6% 17.1 ± 4.1%

Chest X Acc (g) 10.4 ± 3.3% 5.8 ± 1.2% 6.5 ± 1.1%

Chest Y Acc (g) 53.3 ± 14.5% 74.7 ± 15.1% 63.8 ± 13.5%

Chest Z Acc (g) 28.9 ± 6.1% 31.4 ± 6.6% 25.1 ± 4.9%

Chest Reslt Acc (g) 10.2 ± 3.2% 5.9 ± 1.3% 7.3 ± 0.9%

Chest X Disp (mm)

Chest Y Disp (mm)

Chest Z Disp (mm)

Neck Upper X Force (N) 9.4 ± 3.0% 5.9 ± 1.7% 12.8 ± 1.9%

Neck Upper Y Force (N) 50.7 ± 9.8% 58.3 ± 20.7% 50.3 ± 8.7%

Neck Upper Z Force (N) 13.9 ± 4.5% 10.7 ± 3.0% 17.4 ± 2.8%

Neck Upper Reslt Force (N) 9.5 ± 2.1% 6.3 ± 2.3% 13.3 ± 2.3%

Neck Upper X Moment (Nm) 53.3 ± 7.4% 41.3 ± 9.7% 48.4 ± 11.8%

Neck Upper Y Moment (Nm) 31.6 ± 6.6% 15.1 ± 4.4% 31.6 ± 5.8%

Neck Upper Z Moment (Nm) 55.1 ± 11.7% 59.9 ± 15.8% 56.0 ± 5.4%

Neck Upper Reslt Moment (Nm) 22.3 ± 4.0% 13.1 ± 4.9% 24.2 ± 3.4%

Lumbar Lower X Force (N) 12.1 ± 4.1% 20.4 ± 8.2% 11.6 ± 5.7%

Lumbar Lower Z Force (N) 55.6 ± 15.9% 58.9 ± 16.5% 61.3 ± 14.9%

Lumbar Lower Y Moment (Nm) 28.1 ± 4.4% 21.0 ± 10.5% 17.9 ± 2.9%

Pelvis X Disp (mm) 3.1 ± 0.7% 1.9 ± 0.9% 4.8 ± 1.3%

Pelvis Y Disp (mm)

Pelvis Z Disp (mm) 73.9 ± 10.7% 4.3 ± 1.8% 19.7 ± 8.8%

Left Lap Belt Reslt Force (N) 7.8 ± 3.1% 3.6 ± 0.8% 11.0 ± 1.4%

Right Lap Belt Reslt Force (N) 6.7 ± 2.8% 6.2 ± 1.9% 13.1 ± 2.2%

Left Shoulder Belt Reslt Force (N) 7.3 ± 1.7% 5.5 ± 1.0% 6.5 ± 1.5%

Right Shoulder Belt Reslt Force (N) 8.1 ± 2.6% 4.9 ± 1.1% 7.8 ± 1.5%

Middle Crotch Belt Reslt Force (N) 16.4 ± 8.4% 10.8 ± 4.5% 13.0 ± 6.6%

HIC15 16.3 ± 4.8% 10.4 ± 3.8% 22.0 ± 4.6%

HIC36 12.0 ± 3.5% 6.5 ± 2.4% 14.4 ± 2.1%

Upper NIJ 11.9 ± 3.4% 12.7 ± 2.0% 11.3 ± 1.4%

Nkm 10.6 ± 3.6% 5.7 ± 2.1% 10.6 ± 1.0%

Table B-3: Frontal Impact Phase Error
25

B-2. Rear Impact

Total Error FTSS MADYMO CCIP

Head X Acc (g) 23.6 ± 8.2% 23.5 ± 8.9% 24.0 ± 7.9%

Head Y Acc (g) 85.2 ± 17.7% 82.8 ± 15.6% 95.3 ± 11.0%

Head Z Acc (g) 76.4 ± 9.7% 26.0 ± 10.2% 33.1 ± 9.2%

Head Reslt Acc (g) 19.8 ± 5.9% 22.2 ± 9.1% 21.6 ± 7.4%

Head X Vel (rad/sec) 19.4 ± 2.2% 5.8 ± 2.6% 14.4 ± 2.7%

Head Y Vel (rad/sec) 122.8 ± 72.2% 156.2 ± 98.8% 93.1 ± 37.0%

Head Z Vel (rad/sec) 410.4 ± 430.9% 202.3 ± 239.2% 354.9 ± 388.6%

Head Reslt Vel (rad/sec) 3.1 ± 1.2% 6.6 ± 5.2% 3.2 ± 1.2%

Head X Disp (mm)

Head Y Disp (mm)

Head Z Disp (mm)

Head Y Rot Acc (g) 68.2 ± 42.2% 149.5 ± 137.2%

Head Y Rot Vel (rad/sec) 90.3 ± 74.0% 194.7 ± 211.3%

Chest X Acc (g) 12.7 ± 7.5% 17.0 ± 4.6% 14.5 ± 7.3%

Chest Y Acc (g) 89.1 ± 7.7% 90.7 ± 12.2% 81.1 ± 10.8%

Chest Z Acc (g) 60.3 ± 33.3% 223.4 ± 118.1% 75.1 ± 42.7%

Chest Reslt Acc (g) 12.1 ± 7.3% 12.0 ± 5.5% 13.8 ± 7.0%

Chest X Disp (mm)

Chest Y Disp (mm)

Chest Z Disp (mm)

Neck Upper X Force (N) 91.2 ± 16.2% 141.1 ± 86.8% 77.3 ± 16.8%

Neck Upper Y Force (N) 78.3 ± 20.3% 100.4 ± 39.9% 73.8 ± 22.7%

Neck Upper Z Force (N) 65.5 ± 11.3% 44.2 ± 12.6% 97.6 ± 36.6%

Neck Upper Reslt Force (N) 27.1 ± 3.0% 63.2 ± 35.3% 45.9 ± 23.1%

Neck Upper X Moment (Nm) 72.6 ± 17.8% 77.1 ± 12.2% 72.2 ± 15.4%

Neck Upper Y Moment (Nm) 191.3 ± 98.2% 216.8 ± 101.1% 259.5 ± 132.5%

Neck Upper Z Moment (Nm) 129.6 ± 98.2% 245.8 ± 217.5% 70.8 ± 28.3%

Neck Upper Reslt Moment (Nm) 137.7 ± 81.2% 157.0 ± 74.9% 190.6 ± 104.8%

Lumbar Lower X Force (N) 20.9 ± 26.3% 79.1 ± 9.7% 23.2 ± 26.5%

Lumbar Lower Z Force (N) 78.3 ± 65.6% 100.1 ± 14.6% 87.4 ± 65.7%

Lumbar Lower Y Moment (Nm) 88.1 ± 16.0% 103.8 ± 7.4% 219.6 ± 73.3%

Pelvis X Disp (mm)

Pelvis Y Disp (mm)

Pelvis Z Disp (mm)

Left Lap Belt Reslt Force (N) 69.0 ± 55.0% 158.9 ± 134.6% 74.2 ± 13.4%

Right Lap Belt Reslt Force (N) 79.1 ± 43.6% 158.4 ± 70.4% 86.2 ± 6.4%

Left Shoulder Belt Reslt Force (N) 39.1 ± 19.8% 330.1 ± 150.8% 83.1 ± 7.8%

Right Shoulder Belt Reslt Force (N) 221.1 ± 192.0% 282.1 ± 197.9% 68.1 ± 16.0%

Middle Crotch Belt Reslt Force (N) 49.3 ± 16.0% 193.8 ± 127.7% 54.8 ± 16.6%

HIC15 34.5 ± 12.1% 45.7 ± 22.4% 36.5 ± 15.2%

HIC36 18.0 ± 12.2% 30.5 ± 18.6% 26.0 ± 18.6%

Upper NIJ 66.7 ± 25.7% 109.0 ± 44.2% 106.5 ± 49.5%

Nkm 31.9 ± 16.2% 152.3 ± 54.5% 38.2 ± 9.9%

Table B-4: Rear Impact Total Error

Magnitude Error FTSS MADYMO CCIP

Head X Acc (g) 8.1 ± 8.6% 15.8 ± 9.7% 7.3 ± 7.9%

Head Y Acc (g) 56.2 ± 33.2% 52.4 ± 36.3% 73.6 ± 17.3%

Head Z Acc (g) 73.2 ± 12.6% 15.3 ± 10.4% 22.0 ± 14.7%

Head Reslt Acc (g) 7.1 ± 5.4% 16.2 ± 10.1% 8.3 ± 7.6%
26

Head X Vel (rad/sec) 19.3 ± 2.2% 4.7 ± 2.9% 14.2 ± 2.7%

Head Y Vel (rad/sec) 99.5 ± 74.4% 130.5 ± 112.8% 56.3 ± 36.6%

Head Z Vel (rad/sec) 410.3 ± 430.8% 202.2 ± 239.2% 354.9 ± 388.6%

Head Reslt Vel (rad/sec) 2.0 ± 1.6% 5.8 ± 5.4% 1.8 ± 1.5%

Head X Disp (mm)

Head Y Disp (mm)

Head Z Disp (mm)

Head Y Rot Acc (g) 43.5 ± 47.2% 134.3 ± 145.6%

Head Y Rot Vel (rad/sec) 70.0 ± 78.2% 178.9 ± 219.5%

Chest X Acc (g) 9.2 ± 5.7% 13.5 ± 5.9% 11.2 ± 5.9%

Chest Y Acc (g) 49.6 ± 15.4% 61.5 ± 13.1% 50.9 ± 11.4%

Chest Z Acc (g) 49.8 ± 40.6% 219.5 ± 120.9% 58.5 ± 53.2%

Chest Reslt Acc (g) 8.4 ± 5.8% 8.0 ± 4.8% 10.3 ± 6.1%

Chest X Disp (mm)

Chest Y Disp (mm)

Chest Z Disp (mm)

Neck Upper X Force (N) 65.9 ± 14.3% 138.9 ± 84.5% 30.8 ± 18.3%

Neck Upper Y Force (N) 53.4 ± 31.6% 80.8 ± 47.7% 50.7 ± 27.9%

Neck Upper Z Force (N) 45.1 ± 20.9% 17.5 ± 16.2% 81.1 ± 42.7%

Neck Upper Reslt Force (N) 7.1 ± 5.3% 61.1 ± 36.6% 38.4 ± 27.5%

Neck Upper X Moment (Nm) 44.6 ± 31.6% 54.3 ± 21.7% 43.5 ± 28.1%

Neck Upper Y Moment (Nm) 186.0 ± 102.4% 202.6 ± 115.2% 255.8 ± 134.5%

Neck Upper Z Moment (Nm) 104.5 ± 106.7% 239.1 ± 217.0% 41.4 ± 32.5%

Neck Upper Reslt Moment (Nm) 134.8 ± 84.3% 154.4 ± 78.2% 188.6 ± 106.4%

Lumbar Lower X Force (N) 18.6 ± 25.2% 77.3 ± 8.3% 20.7 ± 26.0%

Lumbar Lower Z Force (N) 73.4 ± 59.9% 86.7 ± 10.6% 80.9 ± 62.8%

Lumbar Lower Y Moment (Nm) 85.9 ± 15.5% 60.4 ± 22.0% 200.4 ± 74.9%

Pelvis X Disp (mm)

Pelvis Y Disp (mm)

Pelvis Z Disp (mm)

Left Lap Belt Reslt Force (N) 66.9 ± 56.2% 155.7 ± 137.8% 70.0 ± 14.9%

Right Lap Belt Reslt Force (N) 77.3 ± 43.9% 156.6 ± 71.9% 82.0 ± 8.6%

Left Shoulder Belt Reslt Force (N) 27.9 ± 25.6% 329.3 ± 151.2% 80.1 ± 7.4%

Right Shoulder Belt Reslt Force (N) 219.1 ± 193.3% 280.9 ± 198.5% 64.4 ± 17.8%

Middle Crotch Belt Reslt Force (N) 42.7 ± 18.1% 192.2 ± 128.8% 49.0 ± 20.1%

HIC15 24.6 ± 10.6% 40.6 ± 24.2% 24.6 ± 17.3%

HIC36 15.8 ± 12.3% 26.8 ± 21.1% 24.2 ± 18.5%

Upper NIJ 62.4 ± 29.0% 106.3 ± 45.9% 103.7 ± 51.5%

Nkm 25.0 ± 17.9% 151.6 ± 55.2% 32.4 ± 12.7%

Table B-5: Rear Impact Magnitude Error

Phase Error FTSS MADYMO CCIP

Head X Acc (g) 21.4 ± 5.5% 16.5 ± 4.8% 22.2 ± 5.7%

Head Y Acc (g) 57.5 ± 11.6% 53.9 ± 17.8% 58.7 ± 9.5%

Head Z Acc (g) 19.3 ± 8.0% 19.7 ± 7.4% 20.8 ± 8.5%

Head Reslt Acc (g) 18.1 ± 4.9% 14.2 ± 3.9% 19.3 ± 5.1%

Head X Vel (rad/sec) 1.8 ± 0.8% 2.9 ± 1.4% 2.2 ± 1.3%

Head Y Vel (rad/sec) 62.6 ± 33.8% 59.2 ± 39.3% 68.1 ± 32.2%

Head Z Vel (rad/sec) 4.5 ± 4.1% 6.1 ± 4.1% 4.8 ± 4.0%

Head Reslt Vel (rad/sec) 1.9 ± 1.0% 2.6 ± 1.4% 2.1 ± 1.3%

Head X Disp (mm)
27

Head Y Disp (mm)

Head Z Disp (mm)

Head Y Rot Acc (g) 47.4 ± 12.8% 47.0 ± 9.0%

Head Y Rot Vel (rad/sec) 49.9 ± 15.5% 52.9 ± 10.1%

Chest X Acc (g) 8.8 ± 5.0% 8.8 ± 4.6% 9.0 ± 4.9%

Chest Y Acc (g) 72.2 ± 11.3% 64.1 ± 19.5% 62.5 ± 9.6%

Chest Z Acc (g) 26.2 ± 3.5% 33.2 ± 6.0% 36.3 ± 5.8%

Chest Reslt Acc (g) 8.5 ± 4.8% 8.5 ± 4.2% 8.8 ± 4.6%

Chest X Disp (mm)

Chest Y Disp (mm)

Chest Z Disp (mm)

Neck Upper X Force (N) 62.4 ± 12.0% 21.0 ± 24.8% 68.3 ± 19.5%

Neck Upper Y Force (N) 52.1 ± 8.0% 54.1 ± 7.3% 50.9 ± 7.9%

Neck Upper Z Force (N) 43.8 ± 8.8% 38.9 ± 7.2% 49.9 ± 7.5%

Neck Upper Reslt Force (N) 25.7 ± 2.3% 12.4 ± 6.4% 20.3 ± 5.7%

Neck Upper X Moment (Nm) 51.7 ± 5.4% 51.6 ± 7.7% 53.2 ± 4.1%

Neck Upper Y Moment (Nm) 34.3 ± 10.8% 56.5 ± 12.2% 36.3 ± 11.9%

Neck Upper Z Moment (Nm) 63.4 ± 21.3% 51.6 ± 29.9% 53.7 ± 14.9%

Neck Upper Reslt Moment (Nm) 18.0 ± 3.8% 19.8 ± 3.6% 21.0 ± 3.1%

Lumbar Lower X Force (N) 8.4 ± 8.7% 15.8 ± 8.2% 8.8 ± 7.8%

Lumbar Lower Z Force (N) 25.5 ± 28.7% 49.2 ± 14.1% 29.8 ± 25.0%

Lumbar Lower Y Moment (Nm) 13.8 ± 15.2% 81.4 ± 12.7% 87.4 ± 16.4%

Pelvis X Disp (mm)

Pelvis Y Disp (mm)

Pelvis Z Disp (mm)

Left Lap Belt Reslt Force (N) 12.1 ± 4.8% 15.4 ± 2.9% 23.7 ± 2.7%

Right Lap Belt Reslt Force (N) 15.1 ± 6.4% 17.8 ± 7.9% 25.7 ± 5.9%

Left Shoulder Belt Reslt Force (N) 22.7 ± 3.4% 20.1 ± 5.1% 21.5 ± 5.0%

Right Shoulder Belt Reslt Force (N) 20.6 ± 3.5% 21.2 ± 7.5% 20.8 ± 2.0%

Middle Crotch Belt Reslt Force (N) 22.2 ± 8.2% 19.1 ± 3.3% 21.6 ± 5.4%

HIC15 23.9 ± 7.3% 18.2 ± 6.1% 25.4 ± 6.0%

HIC36 8.0 ± 3.1% 9.6 ± 6.1% 9.1 ± 4.3%

Upper NIJ 19.8 ± 1.9% 20.9 ± 3.8% 19.9 ± 2.6%

Nkm 18.1 ± 4.4% 12.1 ± 3.1% 18.5 ± 3.0%

Table B-6: Rear Impact Phase Error
28

B-3. Lateral Impact

Total Error FTSS MADYMO CCIP

Head X Acc (g) 62.8 ± 26.3% 88.8 ± 66.4% 109.0 ± 74.2%

Head Y Acc (g) 64.4 ± 13.3% 71.6 ± 24.2% 67.7 ± 21.7%

Head Z Acc (g) 72.7 ± 36.1% 94.1 ± 63.7% 63.2 ± 36.4%

Head Reslt Acc (g) 50.5 ± 16.9% 59.3 ± 22.9% 51.3 ± 23.6%

Head X Vel (rad/sec) 301.4 ± 298.6% 71.8 ± 59.4% 237.4 ± 278.2%

Head Y Vel (rad/sec) 72.0 ± 14.0% 79.2 ± 20.8% 73.9 ± 14.8%

Head Z Vel (rad/sec) 200.1 ± 276.3% 255.3 ± 320.1% 205.7 ± 241.3%

Head Reslt Vel (rad/sec) 51.4 ± 25.1% 58.7 ± 26.5% 47.1 ± 26.3%

Head X Disp (mm)

Head Y Disp (mm)

Head Z Disp (mm)

Head Y Rot Acc (g) 60.5 ± 17.1% 81.8 ± 59.0%

Head Y Rot Vel (rad/sec) 67.3 ± 19.5% 78.7 ± 70.9%

Chest X Acc (g) 51.8 ± 10.5% 72.4 ± 13.2% 71.9 ± 47.8%

Chest Y Acc (g) 35.1 ± 30.3% 44.5 ± 39.2% 36.3 ± 31.6%

Chest Z Acc (g) 56.7 ± 18.3% 54.9 ± 11.5% 55.8 ± 30.4%

Chest Reslt Acc (g) 17.2 ± 7.9% 29.2 ± 30.7% 17.2 ± 11.3%

Chest X Disp (mm)

Chest Y Disp (mm) 75.4 ± 56.6% 84.9 ± 34.6% 33.2 ± 29.6%

Chest Z Disp (mm) 136.6 ± 93.5% 69.1 ± 8.6% 130.1 ± 29.0%

Neck Upper X Force (N) 53.9 ± 23.6% 75.0 ± 47.9% 89.2 ± 49.3%

Neck Upper Y Force (N) 90.3 ± 10.5% 193.1 ± 125.3% 141.8 ± 73.0%

Neck Upper Z Force (N) 61.5 ± 26.1% 115.4 ± 91.5% 65.8 ± 41.4%

Neck Upper Reslt Force (N) 41.4 ± 24.5% 121.0 ± 113.8% 65.8 ± 62.2%

Neck Upper X Moment (Nm) 54.3 ± 22.7% 132.4 ± 93.5% 72.4 ± 25.7%

Neck Upper Y Moment (Nm) 66.4 ± 20.8% 78.0 ± 61.5% 100.7 ± 67.4%

Neck Upper Z Moment (Nm) 82.7 ± 54.9% 196.3 ± 206.4% 653.1 ± 560.9%

Neck Upper Reslt Moment (Nm) 34.7 ± 17.0% 123.3 ± 81.6% 81.1 ± 69.7%

Lumbar Lower X Force (N) 59.9 ± 29.8% 103.7 ± 44.0% 84.9 ± 36.7%

Lumbar Lower Z Force (N) 111.2 ± 87.1% 100.8 ± 68.6% 82.9 ± 36.3%

Lumbar Lower Y Moment (Nm) 209.9 ± 187.9% 122.3 ± 65.5% 219.8 ± 157.5%

Pelvis X Disp (mm)

Pelvis Y Disp (mm)

Pelvis Z Disp (mm)

Left Lap Belt Reslt Force (N) 35.4 ± 22.5% 83.0 ± 11.6% 63.4 ± 24.8%

Right Lap Belt Reslt Force (N) 219.7 ± 191.0% 430.9 ± 350.8% 91.9 ± 5.8%

Left Shoulder Belt Reslt Force (N) 87.6 ± 11.5% 87.9 ± 97.2% 64.5 ± 23.6%

Right Shoulder Belt Reslt Force (N) 218.1 ± 347.3% 96.1 ± 78.9% 101.1 ± 122.0%

Middle Crotch Belt Reslt Force (N) 72.8 ± 14.9% 59.9 ± 23.7% 55.4 ± 31.0%

HIC15 78.0 ± 30.6% 84.0 ± 23.7% 84.4 ± 46.5%

HIC36 75.9 ± 35.1% 81.1 ± 21.5% 76.5 ± 32.4%

Upper NIJ 41.3 ± 18.5% 86.9 ± 61.2% 65.4 ± 40.3%

Nkm 33.4 ± 19.6% 80.8 ± 54.7% 85.8 ± 51.6%

Table B-7: Lateral Impact Total Error

Magnitude Error FTSS MADYMO CCIP

Head X Acc (g) 44.8 ± 28.9% 71.5 ± 71.2% 89.9 ± 84.1%

Head Y Acc (g) 47.1 ± 21.2% 55.8 ± 27.7% 48.4 ± 28.5%

Head Z Acc (g) 50.8 ± 40.5% 80.5 ± 65.4% 43.5 ± 42.7%

Head Reslt Acc (g) 43.9 ± 19.0% 52.0 ± 24.6% 43.9 ± 25.4%
29

Head X Vel (rad/sec) 299.1 ± 298.5% 53.9 ± 60.9% 234.3 ± 278.8%

Head Y Vel (rad/sec) 53.9 ± 26.8% 62.5 ± 28.0% 52.9 ± 28.9%

Head Z Vel (rad/sec) 174.9 ± 284.8% 233.5 ± 330.6% 179.8 ± 252.7%

Head Reslt Vel (rad/sec) 51.2 ± 25.3% 58.6 ± 26.6% 46.6 ± 26.9%

Head X Disp (mm)

Head Y Disp (mm)

Head Z Disp (mm)

Head Y Rot Acc (g) 31.2 ± 17.9% 64.9 ± 66.1%

Head Y Rot Vel (rad/sec) 42.6 ± 23.8% 66.7 ± 74.3%

Chest X Acc (g) 28.9 ± 16.9% 47.0 ± 17.1% 40.6 ± 58.2%

Chest Y Acc (g) 8.4 ± 5.6% 20.9 ± 34.9% 8.9 ± 11.8%

Chest Z Acc (g) 29.7 ± 23.9% 30.6 ± 17.6% 26.7 ± 37.3%

Chest Reslt Acc (g) 7.5 ± 5.1% 19.9 ± 32.8% 8.7 ± 10.6%

Chest X Disp (mm)

Chest Y Disp (mm) 74.3 ± 57.3% 83.4 ± 33.8% 30.5 ± 32.4%

Chest Z Disp (mm) 113.7 ± 104.6% 48.2 ± 20.9% 117.5 ± 35.1%

Neck Upper X Force (N) 30.7 ± 24.0% 59.5 ± 49.2% 70.3 ± 51.2%

Neck Upper Y Force (N) 46.8 ± 22.6% 163.0 ± 146.2% 99.6 ± 97.6%

Neck Upper Z Force (N) 39.7 ± 27.6% 99.6 ± 97.4% 42.6 ± 46.0%

Neck Upper Reslt Force (N) 35.4 ± 27.0% 116.9 ± 115.6% 60.9 ± 63.7%

Neck Upper X Moment (Nm) 36.0 ± 17.2% 125.0 ± 95.7% 49.1 ± 21.4%

Neck Upper Y Moment (Nm) 37.6 ± 19.9% 60.9 ± 67.1% 91.4 ± 70.0%

Neck Upper Z Moment (Nm) 64.4 ± 59.7% 181.9 ± 213.8% 650.0 ± 562.6%

Neck Upper Reslt Moment (Nm) 28.1 ± 18.5% 119.3 ± 83.3% 77.7 ± 71.8%

Lumbar Lower X Force (N) 36.3 ± 36.0% 86.2 ± 52.7% 57.1 ± 46.3%

Lumbar Lower Z Force (N) 90.4 ± 92.6% 81.1 ± 76.1% 58.9 ± 42.0%

Lumbar Lower Y Moment (Nm) 201.3 ± 191.0% 101.8 ± 72.4% 201.2 ± 170.9%

Pelvis X Disp (mm)

Pelvis Y Disp (mm)

Pelvis Z Disp (mm)

Left Lap Belt Reslt Force (N) 33.6 ± 23.3% 79.6 ± 11.7% 60.4 ± 25.8%

Right Lap Belt Reslt Force (N) 217.2 ± 192.8% 427.8 ± 354.1% 87.8 ± 7.0%

Left Shoulder Belt Reslt Force (N) 83.4 ± 14.0% 82.7 ± 100.1% 58.9 ± 28.5%

Right Shoulder Belt Reslt Force (N) 212.5 ± 350.4% 92.2 ± 80.2% 95.5 ± 124.4%

Middle Crotch Belt Reslt Force (N) 70.7 ± 14.7% 58.0 ± 22.8% 52.1 ± 31.8%

HIC15 74.3 ± 30.3% 77.3 ± 28.1% 81.0 ± 46.2%

HIC36 74.1 ± 35.6% 75.8 ± 28.9% 74.7 ± 32.0%

Upper NIJ 34.6 ± 20.1% 82.1 ± 62.3% 61.3 ± 41.4%

Nkm 27.2 ± 20.7% 76.4 ± 57.7% 81.8 ± 54.4%

Table B-8: Lateral Impact Magnitude Error

Phase Error FTSS MADYMO CCIP

Head X Acc (g) 40.1 ± 15.0% 45.3 ± 11.6% 47.8 ± 8.4%

Head Y Acc (g) 33.6 ± 24.6% 38.2 ± 20.4% 36.5 ± 25.3%

Head Z Acc (g) 44.8 ± 20.7% 42.0 ± 20.9% 37.1 ± 16.5%

Head Reslt Acc (g) 21.8 ± 9.1% 25.3 ± 10.3% 22.9 ± 10.7%

Head X Vel (rad/sec) 23.7 ± 30.0% 35.8 ± 29.7% 24.8 ± 23.5%

Head Y Vel (rad/sec) 21.2 ± 38.7% 24.9 ± 39.2% 24.1 ± 40.4%

Head Z Vel (rad/sec) 60.1 ± 41.3% 53.1 ± 40.7% 55.8 ± 42.2%

Head Reslt Vel (rad/sec) 3.0 ± 2.8% 3.3 ± 1.4% 3.2 ± 2.5%

Head X Disp (mm)
30

Head Y Disp (mm)

Head Z Disp (mm)

Head Y Rot Acc (g) 50.3 ± 12.3% 38.2 ± 14.9%

Head Y Rot Vel (rad/sec) 48.0 ± 16.1% 31.5 ± 17.7%

Chest X Acc (g) 40.8 ± 5.2% 53.8 ± 5.3% 49.3 ± 8.2%

Chest Y Acc (g) 32.4 ± 31.7% 33.9 ± 27.3% 33.0 ± 32.0%

Chest Z Acc (g) 44.5 ± 12.8% 43.2 ± 6.9% 43.2 ± 10.8%

Chest Reslt Acc (g) 14.8 ± 7.7% 17.1 ± 6.7% 14.0 ± 6.4%

Chest X Disp (mm)

Chest Y Disp (mm) 9.4 ± 7.0% 12.7 ± 13.3% 7.7 ± 1.9%

Chest Z Disp (mm) 65.1 ± 6.1% 45.2 ± 15.7% 52.3 ± 14.9%

Neck Upper X Force (N) 39.8 ± 19.7% 40.6 ± 18.8% 49.2 ± 21.3%

Neck Upper Y Force (N) 73.7 ± 13.2% 73.0 ± 12.0% 78.7 ± 11.0%

Neck Upper Z Force (N) 43.4 ± 16.5% 45.3 ± 18.8% 42.6 ± 18.7%

Neck Upper Reslt Force (N) 17.9 ± 5.4% 22.5 ± 10.9% 19.2 ± 9.1%

Neck Upper X Moment (Nm) 38.6 ± 19.7% 37.0 ± 13.2% 51.3 ± 20.6%

Neck Upper Y Moment (Nm) 53.0 ± 15.6% 40.3 ± 9.7% 34.6 ± 16.7%

Neck Upper Z Moment (Nm) 42.9 ± 19.4% 46.3 ± 22.3% 45.6 ± 16.5%

Neck Upper Reslt Moment (Nm) 18.1 ± 6.8% 25.3 ± 10.0% 15.2 ± 3.4%

Lumbar Lower X Force (N) 40.0 ± 18.2% 47.9 ± 16.5% 53.7 ± 18.5%

Lumbar Lower Z Force (N) 52.2 ± 25.1% 47.0 ± 20.3% 50.6 ± 21.6%

Lumbar Lower Y Moment (Nm) 42.7 ± 26.4% 56.5 ± 24.0% 56.5 ± 24.1%

Pelvis X Disp (mm)

Pelvis Y Disp (mm)

Pelvis Z Disp (mm)

Left Lap Belt Reslt Force (N) 9.2 ± 2.1% 22.9 ± 4.0% 17.2 ± 4.8%

Right Lap Belt Reslt Force (N) 20.7 ± 5.1% 22.7 ± 5.6% 26.3 ± 4.0%

Left Shoulder Belt Reslt Force (N) 25.2 ± 5.2% 18.3 ± 5.2% 20.4 ± 5.5%

Right Shoulder Belt Reslt Force (N) 20.6 ± 7.4% 22.6 ± 6.7% 22.2 ± 7.5%

Middle Crotch Belt Reslt Force (N) 17.2 ± 3.3% 14.0 ± 8.5% 16.7 ± 5.3%

HIC15 21.0 ± 12.4% 27.2 ± 12.2% 21.2 ± 11.9%

HIC36 12.5 ± 10.2% 18.9 ± 12.0% 13.5 ± 11.2%

Upper NIJ 20.6 ± 5.6% 25.0 ± 8.2% 19.9 ± 6.6%

Nkm 17.5 ± 5.5% 19.3 ± 3.6% 19.9 ± 3.4%

Table B-9: Lateral Impact Phase Error
31

B-4. Spinal Impact

Total Error FTSS MADYMO CCIP

Head X Acc (g) 32.9 ± 52.7% 62.6 ± 15.9% 32.2 ± 46.9%

Head Y Acc (g) 59.8 ± 11.5% 75.8 ± 14.3% 60.6 ± 16.5%

Head Z Acc (g) 23.7 ± 7.5% 15.0 ± 5.5% 30.2 ± 10.6%

Head Reslt Acc (g) 14.1 ± 9.8% 24.8 ± 10.2% 19.1 ± 14.2%

Head X Vel (rad/sec) 21.7 ± 28.6% 91.6 ± 12.6% 22.9 ± 29.8%

Head Y Vel (rad/sec) 65.3 ± 23.8% 89.5 ± 23.7% 71.2 ± 23.7%

Head Z Vel (rad/sec) 23.1 ± 11.3% 11.6 ± 15.5% 16.2 ± 10.7%

Head Reslt Vel (rad/sec) 11.8 ± 3.9% 10.3 ± 6.4% 10.3 ± 4.4%

Head X Disp (mm) 50.2 ± 1.1% 25.7 ± 14.5% 25.2 ± 0.1%

Head Y Disp (mm)

Head Z Disp (mm) 28.4 ± 1.4% 51.9 ± 10.1% 11.7 ± 3.9%

Head Y Rot Acc (g) 37.8 ± 23.4% 95.6 ± 87.1%

Head Y Rot Vel (rad/sec) 37.0 ± 40.5% 71.3 ± 46.2%

Chest X Acc (g) 35.6 ± 19.7% 89.1 ± 36.6% 71.1 ± 37.7%

Chest Y Acc (g) 57.4 ± 47.8% 41.2 ± 19.2% 59.3 ± 33.0%

Chest Z Acc (g) 8.8 ± 2.4% 22.5 ± 8.3% 18.6 ± 10.5%

Chest Reslt Acc (g) 7.0 ± 2.2% 14.4 ± 8.4% 18.4 ± 11.5%

Chest X Disp (mm) 391.5 ± 176.5% 104.3 ± 46.9% 186.7 ± 89.6%

Chest Y Disp (mm)

Chest Z Disp (mm) 248.1 ± 66.8% 88.6 ± 42.3% 259.5 ± 97.9%

Neck Upper X Force (N) 39.0 ± 46.1% 69.7 ± 15.9% 76.2 ± 60.5%

Neck Upper Y Force (N) 158.3 ± 111.5% 99.5 ± 71.4% 134.0 ± 75.9%

Neck Upper Z Force (N) 17.8 ± 5.9% 29.6 ± 10.1% 59.5 ± 28.9%

Neck Upper Reslt Force (N) 18.3 ± 8.7% 17.4 ± 6.8% 58.9 ± 22.7%

Neck Upper X Moment (Nm) 123.9 ± 72.9% 68.7 ± 48.2% 67.0 ± 15.0%

Neck Upper Y Moment (Nm) 36.6 ± 35.2% 53.2 ± 17.8% 69.2 ± 54.2%

Neck Upper Z Moment (Nm) 67.1 ± 12.0% 75.0 ± 20.4% 135.3 ± 79.9%

Neck Upper Reslt Moment (Nm) 35.4 ± 33.8% 45.9 ± 18.9% 65.0 ± 54.1%

Lumbar Lower X Force (N) 44.1 ± 35.9% 82.1 ± 8.9% 92.8 ± 25.3%

Lumbar Lower Z Force (N) 38.6 ± 30.1% 35.9 ± 29.3% 65.3 ± 22.9%

Lumbar Lower Y Moment (Nm) 76.6 ± 26.0% 90.2 ± 9.1% 127.9 ± 31.0%

Pelvis X Disp (mm) 89.7 ± 14.3% 71.8 ± 26.0% 71.2 ± 18.0%

Pelvis Y Disp (mm)

Pelvis Z Disp (mm) 71.0 ± 3.4% 38.7 ± 29.9% 33.2 ± 6.8%

Left Lap Belt Reslt Force (N) 250.6 ± 168.9% 229.4 ± 134.0% 72.3 ± 26.2%

Right Lap Belt Reslt Force (N) 402.3 ± 243.0% 329.5 ± 220.5% 125.0 ± 137.7%

Left Shoulder Belt Reslt Force (N) 81.6 ± 88.7% 48.6 ± 13.1% 44.8 ± 49.9%

Right Shoulder Belt Reslt Force (N) 97.7 ± 125.5% 68.6 ± 18.0% 118.4 ± 187.8%

Middle Crotch Belt Reslt Force (N) 282.8 ± 223.7% 142.8 ± 114.8% 73.6 ± 27.5%

HIC15 29.5 ± 27.3% 47.9 ± 17.3% 62.7 ± 55.5%

HIC36 126.7 ± 175.3% 46.0 ± 18.8% 114.1 ± 194.3%

Upper NIJ 16.6 ± 5.6% 23.8 ± 10.9% 61.6 ± 38.8%

Nkm 37.3 ± 42.1% 48.6 ± 13.9% 71.6 ± 56.2%

Table B-10: Spinal Impact Total Error

Magnitude E.rror FTSS MADYMO CCIP

Head X Acc (g) 30.2 ± 51.8% 56.6 ± 17.9% 27.8 ± 46.2%

Head Y Acc (g) 40.0 ± 23.6% 64.0 ± 21.5% 44.7 ± 19.3%

Head Z Acc (g) 14.2 ± 6.9% 9.0 ± 4.8% 16.6 ± 14.6%

Head Reslt Acc (g) 10.2 ± 9.9% 21.2 ± 11.5% 14.5 ± 15.2%
32

Head X Vel (rad/sec) 16.8 ± 15.9% 71.3 ± 10.0% 17.2 ± 15.9%

Head Y Vel (rad/sec) 49.0 ± 26.8% 73.7 ± 17.9% 59.0 ± 25.9%

Head Z Vel (rad/sec) 21.8 ± 10.5% 11.1 ± 15.4% 14.9 ± 11.4%

Head Reslt Vel (rad/sec) 11.5 ± 3.7% 9.6 ± 6.7% 9.4 ± 5.2%

Head X Disp (mm) 50.1 ± 1.1% 25.2 ± 15.1% 24.7 ± 0.3%

Head Y Disp (mm)

Head Z Disp (mm) 28.3 ± 1.4% 51.7 ± 10.0% 11.0 ± 4.4%

Head Y Rot Acc (g) 31.5 ± 24.6% 90.0 ± 89.0%

Head Y Rot Vel (rad/sec) 32.7 ± 39.8% 68.8 ± 45.6%

Chest X Acc (g) 29.4 ± 23.5% 86.2 ± 38.8% 66.4 ± 39.6%

Chest Y Acc (g) 39.4 ± 47.5% 15.7 ± 17.1% 39.1 ± 36.3%

Chest Z Acc (g) 6.6 ± 2.0% 20.4 ± 9.7% 10.9 ± 10.4%

Chest Reslt Acc (g) 3.6 ± 1.9% 12.2 ± 8.8% 13.3 ± 12.2%

Chest X Disp (mm) 388.7 ± 173.3% 92.5 ± 33.6% 179.8 ± 82.4%

Chest Y Disp (mm)

Chest Z Disp (mm) 246.9 ± 65.6% 87.5 ± 42.4% 259.1 ± 97.8%

Neck Upper X Force (N) 35.9 ± 46.0% 41.5 ± 18.0% 74.6 ± 59.9%

Neck Upper Y Force (N) 150.2 ± 113.8% 81.3 ± 79.1% 124.6 ± 78.7%

Neck Upper Z Force (N) 9.1 ± 8.2% 24.5 ± 13.4% 52.3 ± 31.1%

Neck Upper Reslt Force (N) 14.7 ± 9.7% 9.9 ± 7.3% 57.8 ± 22.4%

Neck Upper X Moment (Nm) 114.2 ± 74.9% 47.5 ± 54.3% 30.6 ± 21.2%

Neck Upper Y Moment (Nm) 33.3 ± 36.0% 40.6 ± 21.8% 55.2 ± 62.3%

Neck Upper Z Moment (Nm) 47.5 ± 27.5% 53.6 ± 22.3% 127.1 ± 82.9%

Neck Upper Reslt Moment (Nm) 32.6 ± 34.8% 40.5 ± 21.9% 54.4 ± 61.4%

Lumbar Lower X Force (N) 27.9 ± 24.6% 71.8 ± 9.0% 82.1 ± 26.9%

Lumbar Lower Z Force (N) 16.9 ± 12.2% 13.6 ± 10.5% 48.2 ± 24.8%

Lumbar Lower Y Moment (Nm) 74.5 ± 26.5% 35.0 ± 21.3% 94.5 ± 40.6%

Pelvis X Disp (mm) 69.3 ± 24.1% 69.5 ± 28.7% 39.2 ± 38.1%

Pelvis Y Disp (mm)

Pelvis Z Disp (mm) 70.6 ± 3.1% 38.1 ± 29.6% 29.1 ± 8.7%

Left Lap Belt Reslt Force (N) 249.4 ± 169.4% 228.0 ± 135.0% 65.6 ± 31.6%

Right Lap Belt Reslt Force (N) 401.4 ± 243.2% 327.8 ± 221.6% 119.8 ± 140.3%

Left Shoulder Belt Reslt Force (N) 76.8 ± 91.2% 36.9 ± 17.4% 37.4 ± 53.8%

Right Shoulder Belt Reslt Force (N) 91.0 ± 129.5% 63.5 ± 19.7% 114.1 ± 190.0%

Middle Crotch Belt Reslt Force (N) 281.6 ± 224.5% 137.8 ± 118.5% 63.2 ± 33.8%

HIC15 24.7 ± 27.3% 42.6 ± 16.9% 59.4 ± 56.5%

HIC36 122.9 ± 176.9% 40.4 ± 20.8% 111.5 ± 194.8%

Upper NIJ 12.3 ± 6.7% 18.9 ± 11.8% 59.6 ± 39.5%

Nkm 35.1 ± 42.6% 39.9 ± 16.4% 69.8 ± 57.1%

Table B-11: Spinal Impact Magnitude Error

Phase Error FTSS MADYMO CCIP

Head X Acc (g) 11.2 ± 12.0% 25.4 ± 4.0% 13.2 ± 12.9%

Head Y Acc (g) 34.4 ± 21.6% 35.0 ± 14.4% 34.6 ± 21.0%

Head Z Acc (g) 18.6 ± 4.9% 11.4 ± 4.9% 23.0 ± 5.2%

Head Reslt Acc (g) 9.0 ± 3.7% 11.4 ± 3.2% 10.6 ± 4.3%

Head X Vel (rad/sec) 10.8 ± 25.5% 54.3 ± 21.6% 12.7 ± 26.7%

Head Y Vel (rad/sec) 32.7 ± 27.2% 43.1 ± 32.6% 33.2 ± 21.0%

Head Z Vel (rad/sec) 7.0 ± 5.1% 2.9 ± 2.5% 4.8 ± 2.0%

Head Reslt Vel (rad/sec) 2.4 ± 1.4% 2.9 ± 1.7% 3.1 ± 1.8%

Head X Disp (mm) 3.6 ± 0.5% 4.1 ± 1.7% 4.6 ± 1.0%
33

Head Y Disp (mm)

Head Z Disp (mm) 1.4 ± 0.1% 5.1 ± 1.9% 3.6 ± 0.9%

Head Y Rot Acc (g) 18.8 ± 5.6% 27.1 ± 4.2%

Head Y Rot Vel (rad/sec) 14.7 ± 12.2% 16.9 ± 11.0%

Chest X Acc (g) 16.0 ± 1.7% 18.5 ± 4.7% 22.1 ± 6.1%

Chest Y Acc (g) 36.6 ± 22.0% 34.1 ± 20.0% 39.0 ± 17.3%

Chest Z Acc (g) 5.7 ± 1.8% 7.5 ± 3.6% 14.1 ± 5.7%

Chest Reslt Acc (g) 5.8 ± 1.7% 6.6 ± 3.0% 11.5 ± 4.1%

Chest X Disp (mm) 43.9 ± 39.4% 45.7 ± 38.9% 49.0 ± 39.0%

Chest Y Disp (mm)

Chest Z Disp (mm) 23.0 ± 16.5% 13.6 ± 2.8% 13.6 ± 5.2%

Neck Upper X Force (N) 12.6 ± 9.3% 54.1 ± 12.4% 13.4 ± 12.0%

Neck Upper Y Force (N) 41.0 ± 19.9% 43.7 ± 19.9% 44.4 ± 10.8%

Neck Upper Z Force (N) 13.8 ± 3.9% 13.1 ± 6.1% 25.8 ± 5.7%

Neck Upper Reslt Force (N) 9.6 ± 3.1% 13.7 ± 3.9% 11.3 ± 4.1%

Neck Upper X Moment (Nm) 42.6 ± 16.1% 42.8 ± 8.7% 57.3 ± 9.5%

Neck Upper Y Moment (Nm) 12.5 ± 4.8% 32.0 ± 4.7% 29.3 ± 8.8%

Neck Upper Z Moment (Nm) 37.1 ± 18.9% 48.2 ± 20.3% 40.4 ± 10.4%

Neck Upper Reslt Moment (Nm) 11.1 ± 3.6% 18.7 ± 1.9% 22.4 ± 5.4%

Lumbar Lower X Force (N) 28.6 ± 32.9% 37.7 ± 13.2% 33.4 ± 28.0%

Lumbar Lower Z Force (N) 29.2 ± 34.0% 31.2 ± 29.9% 34.6 ± 27.5%

Lumbar Lower Y Moment (Nm) 17.3 ± 2.4% 81.0 ± 4.8% 82.5 ± 4.2%

Pelvis X Disp (mm) 55.1 ± 6.9% 14.4 ± 9.1% 54.4 ± 3.9%

Pelvis Y Disp (mm)

Pelvis Z Disp (mm) 7.8 ± 2.4% 6.9 ± 4.1% 15.4 ± 1.8%

Left Lap Belt Reslt Force (N) 21.7 ± 3.7% 18.8 ± 6.4% 25.4 ± 2.5%

Right Lap Belt Reslt Force (N) 24.1 ± 5.9% 25.2 ± 7.2% 24.7 ± 6.1%

Left Shoulder Belt Reslt Force (N) 18.5 ± 4.3% 29.4 ± 4.6% 15.4 ± 4.1%

Right Shoulder Belt Reslt Force (N) 18.1 ± 4.2% 24.7 ± 3.9% 15.0 ± 6.7%

Middle Crotch Belt Reslt Force (N) 18.8 ± 2.3% 25.1 ± 4.7% 32.0 ± 7.5%

HIC15 14.2 ± 8.2% 21.2 ± 6.4% 16.6 ± 5.7%

HIC36 18.3 ± 12.0% 19.8 ± 5.5% 16.7 ± 12.9%

Upper NIJ 10.3 ± 2.8% 13.2 ± 4.2% 13.5 ± 3.4%

Nkm 10.1 ± 4.6% 26.3 ± 4.0% 12.1 ± 5.2%

Table B-12: Spinal Impact Phase Error
34

B-5. Overall Model Performance

Total Error FTSS MADYMO CCIP

Head X Acc (g) 37.7 ± 35.9% 54.9 ± 52.0% 58.9 ± 65.7%

Head Y Acc (g) 68.3 ± 17.0% 79.8 ± 20.6% 73.1 ± 22.1%

Head Z Acc (g) 54.3 ± 31.3% 49.2 ± 52.1% 45.8 ± 28.0%

Head Reslt Acc (g) 27.7 ± 19.9% 34.8 ± 24.7% 32.0 ± 22.9%

Head X Vel (rad/sec) 112.3 ± 215.7% 54.6 ± 49.9% 104.2 ± 204.9%

Head Y Vel (rad/sec) 82.9 ± 45.2% 101.4 ± 53.9% 79.7 ± 24.7%

Head Z Vel (rad/sec) 161.5 ± 287.4% 147.3 ± 240.6% 159.4 ± 257.4%

Head Reslt Vel (rad/sec) 22.4 ± 25.5% 27.7 ± 29.2% 23.4 ± 25.7%

Head X Disp (mm) 53.0 ± 15.1% 14.4 ± 12.8% 17.7 ± 11.2%

Head Y Disp (mm)

Head Z Disp (mm) 41.2 ± 17.6% 44.1 ± 11.2% 15.1 ± 10.9%

Head Y Rot Acc (g) 55.0 ± 29.2% 100.1 ± 83.6%

Head Y Rot Vel (rad/sec) 63.2 ± 48.5% 91.1 ± 115.7%

Chest X Acc (g) 31.9 ± 21.0% 56.1 ± 36.8% 49.3 ± 45.3%

Chest Y Acc (g) 56.5 ± 36.0% 63.0 ± 37.1% 58.4 ± 33.0%

Chest Z Acc (g) 41.7 ± 35.1% 90.3 ± 92.4% 76.9 ± 75.3%

Chest Reslt Acc (g) 12.7 ± 7.2% 19.1 ± 20.5% 15.9 ± 9.6%

Chest X Disp (mm) 391.5 ± 176.5% 104.3 ± 46.9% 186.7 ± 89.6%

Chest Y Disp (mm) 75.4 ± 56.6% 84.9 ± 34.6% 33.2 ± 29.6%

Chest Z Disp (mm) 181.2 ± 96.0% 76.9 ± 24.5% 181.9 ± 88.5%

Neck Upper X Force (N) 50.5 ± 37.5% 75.9 ± 61.9% 73.3 ± 47.1%

Neck Upper Y Force (N) 109.8 ± 72.1% 131.7 ± 97.3% 113.0 ± 67.3%

Neck Upper Z Force (N) 44.6 ± 26.3% 64.1 ± 68.1% 70.9 ± 35.8%

Neck Upper Reslt Force (N) 28.1 ± 17.8% 63.9 ± 84.4% 57.3 ± 42.1%

Neck Upper X Moment (Nm) 82.2 ± 53.5% 95.1 ± 67.4% 71.0 ± 19.6%

Neck Upper Y Moment (Nm) 81.4 ± 76.0% 88.9 ± 88.8% 118.5 ± 104.1%

Neck Upper Z Moment (Nm) 89.7 ± 63.7% 152.7 ± 170.1% 344.8 ± 439.3%

Neck Upper Reslt Moment (Nm) 57.8 ± 58.4% 91.5 ± 79.4% 94.8 ± 83.1%

Lumbar Lower X Force (N) 54.0 ± 41.3% 83.7 ± 33.4% 79.5 ± 42.8%

Lumbar Lower Z Force (N) 75.4 ± 65.5% 78.2 ± 52.3% 82.1 ± 40.9%

Lumbar Lower Y Moment (Nm) 121.6 ± 124.5% 98.0 ± 47.5% 200.2 ± 112.7%

Pelvis X Disp (mm) 127.0 ± 32.0% 49.7 ± 22.4% 50.4 ± 21.5%

Pelvis Y Disp (mm)

Pelvis Z Disp (mm) 94.0 ± 18.2% 63.0 ± 23.4% 41.3 ± 13.9%

Left Lap Belt Reslt Force (N) 100.0 ± 129.8% 131.8 ± 111.9% 66.9 ± 21.0%

Right Lap Belt Reslt Force (N) 203.5 ± 217.7% 293.2 ± 278.4% 93.8 ± 65.7%

Left Shoulder Belt Reslt Force (N) 62.6 ± 54.2% 118.6 ± 141.6% 54.0 ± 36.7%

Right Shoulder Belt Reslt Force (N) 148.0 ± 236.0% 114.4 ± 133.5% 83.2 ± 119.8%

Middle Crotch Belt Reslt Force (N) 136.7 ± 163.4% 166.1 ± 158.7% 217.2 ± 408.7%

HIC15 49.1 ± 31.2% 57.1 ± 29.5% 62.2 ± 44.1%

HIC36 71.2 ± 99.0% 51.4 ± 30.5% 64.8 ± 97.8%

Upper NIJ 38.6 ± 23.7% 63.9 ± 55.3% 72.9 ± 40.8%

Nkm 31.6 ± 25.8% 74.6 ± 61.8% 64.0 ± 47.0%

Table B-13: Overall Model Total Error

Magnitude Error FTSS MADYMO CCIP

Head X Acc (g) 10.3 ± 8.0% 27.3 ± 26.3% 9.9 ± 7.2%

Head Y Acc (g) 47.1 ± 21.2% 55.8 ± 27.7% 48.4 ± 28.5%

Head Z Acc (g) 14.2 ± 6.9% 9.0 ± 4.8% 16.6 ± 14.6%

Head Reslt Acc (g) 8.1 ± 5.2% 15.5 ± 8.7% 9.3 ± 8.7%
35

Head X Vel (rad/sec) 14.0 ± 7.4% 31.2 ± 29.5% 10.8 ± 5.4%

Head Y Vel (rad/sec) 53.9 ± 26.8% 62.5 ± 28.0% 52.9 ± 28.9%

Head Z Vel (rad/sec) 21.8 ± 10.5% 11.1 ± 15.4% 14.9 ± 11.4%

Head Reslt Vel (rad/sec) 6.2 ± 5.3% 7.9 ± 4.9% 5.7 ± 4.3%

Head X Disp (mm) 52.9 ± 15.1% 13.8 ± 13.1% 16.1 ± 12.8%

Head Y Disp (mm)

Head Z Disp (mm) 41.1 ± 17.5% 43.8 ± 11.1% 13.8 ± 11.9%

Head Y Rot Acc (g) 31.2 ± 17.9% 0 64.9 ± 66.1%

Head Y Rot Vel (rad/sec) 42.6 ± 23.8% 0 66.7 ± 74.3%

Chest X Acc (g) 20.6 ± 18.8% 45.0 ± 35.6% 34.3 ± 46.5%

Chest Y Acc (g) 29.4 ± 33.0% 29.1 ± 31.5% 27.3 ± 27.8%

Chest Z Acc (g) 27.2 ± 29.8% 73.0 ± 101.9% 30.0 ± 39.9%

Chest Reslt Acc (g) 6.9 ± 4.9% 14.0 ± 20.6% 10.1 ± 9.4%

Chest X Disp (mm) 388.7 ± 173.3% 92.5 ± 33.6% 179.8 ± 82.4%

Chest Y Disp (mm) 74.3 ± 57.3% 83.4 ± 33.8% 30.5 ± 32.4%

Chest Z Disp (mm) 167.0 ± 109.0% 63.9 ± 33.7% 174.1 ± 95.0%

Neck Upper X Force (N) 35.8 ± 33.0% 62.0 ± 63.5% 55.5 ± 47.8%

Neck Upper Y Force (N) 83.0 ± 82.2% 117.8 ± 114.7% 94.7 ± 83.0%

Neck Upper Z Force (N) 30.0 ± 23.5% 51.2 ± 69.8% 56.2 ± 39.7%

Neck Upper Reslt Force (N) 20.3 ± 19.8% 59.6 ± 85.6% 53.2 ± 43.5%

Neck Upper X Moment (Nm) 64.3 ± 58.1% 83.9 ± 79.4% 42.6 ± 23.6%

Neck Upper Y Moment (Nm) 67.4 ± 79.7% 74.7 ± 92.8% 108.8 ± 108.7%

Neck Upper Z Moment (Nm) 69.2 ± 68.8% 155.9 ± 187.7% 358.9 ± 481.5%

Neck Upper Reslt Moment (Nm) 53.0 ± 60.3% 86.5 ± 82.0% 89.5 ± 86.5%

Lumbar Lower X Force (N) 41.0 ± 42.1% 73.3 ± 35.5% 65.3 ± 46.3%

Lumbar Lower Z Force (N) 54.3 ± 67.4% 55.8 ± 56.4% 61.9 ± 44.8%

Lumbar Lower Y Moment (Nm) 115.8 ± 125.5% 66.5 ± 54.1% 181.1 ± 124.0%

Pelvis X Disp (mm) 120.2 ± 42.6% 48.9 ± 22.2% 39.5 ± 20.8%

Pelvis Y Disp (mm)

Pelvis Z Disp (mm) 73.4 ± 4.4% 62.7 ± 23.5% 36.8 ± 12.7%

Left Lap Belt Reslt Force (N) 98.4 ± 130.3% 129.5 ± 113.0% 63.2 ± 22.8%

Right Lap Belt Reslt Force (N) 201.7 ± 218.5% 291.1 ± 279.7% 89.9 ± 66.6%

Left Shoulder Belt Reslt Force (N) 57.1 ± 56.3% 113.2 ± 144.4% 48.9 ± 39.2%

Right Shoulder Belt Reslt Force (N) 143.0 ± 238.4% 111.0 ± 134.5% 78.7 ± 121.3%

Middle Crotch Belt Reslt Force (N) 133.7 ± 164.7% 115.1 ± 104.7% 54.4 ± 29.6%

HIC15 43.8 ± 31.9% 51.9 ± 29.9% 56.5 ± 45.9%

HIC36 68.7 ± 99.4% 47.0 ± 32.3% 61.4 ± 98.7%

Upper NIJ 33.9 ± 24.8% 59.6 ± 56.3% 70.1 ± 41.8%

Nkm 26.8 ± 26.5% 70.1 ± 64.1% 60.5 ± 48.5%

Table B-14: Overall Model Magnitude Error

Phase Error FTSS MADYMO CCIP

Head X Acc (g) 22.7 ± 16.9% 27.5 ± 17.0% 28.8 ± 18.1%

Head Y Acc (g) 40.1 ± 22.8% 44.4 ± 20.0% 43.0 ± 22.4%

Head Z Acc (g) 26.7 ± 18.1% 24.4 ± 19.2% 27.2 ± 14.0%

Head Reslt Acc (g) 15.2 ± 8.3% 16.2 ± 10.0% 17.7 ± 9.0%

Head X Vel (rad/sec) 11.7 ± 23.0% 28.3 ± 29.6% 13.8 ± 21.4%

Head Y Vel (rad/sec) 35.8 ± 36.8% 43.4 ± 38.5% 40.8 ± 37.3%

Head Z Vel (rad/sec) 23.7 ± 35.0% 22.3 ± 34.2% 25.0 ± 36.5%

Head Reslt Vel (rad/sec) 2.6 ± 1.9% 2.7 ± 1.6% 2.8 ± 1.9%

Head X Disp (mm) 3.0 ± 0.9% 3.3 ± 1.4% 4.7 ± 0.9%
36

Head Y Disp (mm)

Head Z Disp (mm) 3.1 ± 2.3% 4.9 ± 2.2% 3.8 ± 1.9%

Head Y Rot Acc (g) 39.0 ± 17.9% 37.3 ± 12.5%

Head Y Rot Vel (rad/sec) 37.4 ± 21.7% 30.0 ± 18.5%

Chest X Acc (g) 21.7 ± 14.5% 27.5 ± 21.5% 27.7 ± 19.7%

Chest Y Acc (g) 44.2 ± 29.3% 47.0 ± 27.6% 45.5 ± 26.2%

Chest Z Acc (g) 26.8 ± 18.8% 30.0 ± 15.3% 32.1 ± 14.1%

Chest Reslt Acc (g) 10.2 ± 6.2% 10.8 ± 6.8% 11.2 ± 5.5%

Chest X Disp (mm) 43.9 ± 39.4% 45.7 ± 38.9% 49.0 ± 39.0%

Chest Y Disp (mm) 9.4 ± 7.0% 12.7 ± 13.3% 7.7 ± 1.9%

Chest Z Disp (mm) 48.3 ± 24.9% 32.5 ± 20.6% 36.8 ± 23.8%

Neck Upper X Force (N) 31.7 ± 24.4% 34.2 ± 23.8% 38.6 ± 27.7%

Neck Upper Y Force (N) 57.2 ± 20.4% 59.1 ± 18.9% 60.4 ± 18.1%

Neck Upper Z Force (N) 30.1 ± 18.3% 29.8 ± 19.8% 35.9 ± 17.2%

Neck Upper Reslt Force (N) 15.8 ± 7.4% 15.4 ± 9.5% 16.6 ± 7.4%

Neck Upper X Moment (Nm) 43.3 ± 16.3% 42.1 ± 11.5% 52.6 ± 14.6%

Neck Upper Y Moment (Nm) 34.1 ± 19.1% 37.1 ± 15.5% 33.2 ± 12.6%

Neck Upper Z Moment (Nm) 46.3 ± 21.7% 50.2 ± 22.1% 47.8 ± 14.3%

Neck Upper Reslt Moment (Nm) 16.9 ± 6.2% 20.4 ± 7.8% 19.5 ± 5.3%

Lumbar Lower X Force (N) 25.1 ± 23.7% 34.1 ± 18.4% 32.9 ± 26.2%

Lumbar Lower Z Force (N) 40.9 ± 29.2% 45.4 ± 22.8% 44.6 ± 24.7%

Lumbar Lower Y Moment (Nm) 27.0 ± 20.4% 61.7 ± 27.1% 62.0 ± 29.4%

Pelvis X Disp (mm) 20.4 ± 27.0% 6.1 ± 7.6% 21.3 ± 25.7%

Pelvis Y Disp (mm)

Pelvis Z Disp (mm) 51.9 ± 35.1% 5.2 ± 2.7% 18.2 ± 7.2%

Left Lap Belt Reslt Force (N) 13.0 ± 6.5% 17.4 ± 7.7% 19.3 ± 6.2%

Right Lap Belt Reslt Force (N) 17.9 ± 8.0% 19.9 ± 8.7% 23.6 ± 6.7%

Left Shoulder Belt Reslt Force (N) 19.6 ± 7.6% 19.7 ± 8.8% 17.1 ± 7.0%

Right Shoulder Belt Reslt Force (N) 17.7 ± 6.8% 20.3 ± 8.6% 17.8 ± 7.8%

Middle Crotch Belt Reslt Force (N) 18.5 ± 5.7% 17.5 ± 8.0% 20.5 ± 9.0%

HIC15 18.9 ± 9.7% 21.0 ± 10.3% 21.1 ± 8.9%

HIC36 13.0 ± 9.3% 15.2 ± 9.8% 13.5 ± 9.6%

Upper NIJ 16.0 ± 6.1% 19.0 ± 7.8% 17.0 ± 5.9%

Nkm 14.4 ± 5.9% 17.3 ± 7.9% 16.3 ± 5.3%

Table B-15: Overall Model Phase Error
37

Appendix C. Wright-Patterson Sled Test Model Results

C.1 Frontal Impact

C.1.1 Seat Accelerations

10G 70ms -X

Figure C-1-1: 8201 Seat Accelerations

10G 70ms -X

Figure C-1-2: 8202 Seat Accelerations

10G 70ms -X

Figure C-1-3: 8204 Seat Accelerations

10G 30ms -X

Figure C-1-4: 8192 Seat Accelerations

20G 110ms -X

Figure C-1-5: 8200 Seat Accelerations

10G 110ms -X

Figure C-1-6: 8205 Seat Accelerations
38

C.1.2 Dynamic Response Index

10G 70ms -X

Figure C-1-7: 8201 Dynamic Response Index

10G 70ms -X

Figure C-1-8: 8202 Dynamic Response Index

10G 70ms -X

Figure C-1-9: 8204 Dynamic Response Index

10G 30ms -X

Figure C-1-10: 8192 Dynamic Response Index

20G 110ms -X

Figure C-1-11: 8200 Dynamic Response Index

10G 110ms -X

Figure C-1-12: 8205 Dynamic Response Index
39

C.1.3 Head X Translational Acceleration

10G 70ms -X

Figure C-1-13: 8201 Head X Translational 

Acceleration

10G 70ms -X

Figure C-1-14: 8202 Head X Translational 

Acceleration

10G 

70ms -X

Figure C-1-15: 8204 Head X Translational 

Acceleration

10G 30ms -X

Figure C-1-16: 8192 Head X Translational 

Acceleration

20G 110ms -X

Figure C-1-17: 8200 Head X Translational 

Acceleration

10G 

110ms -X

Figure C-1-18: 8205 Head X Translational 

Acceleration
40

C.1.4 Head Y Translational Acceleration

10G 70ms -X

Figure C-1-19: 8201 Head Y Translational 

Acceleration

10G 70ms -X

Figure C-1-20: 8202 Head Y Translational 

Acceleration

10G 70ms -X

Figure C-1-21: 8204 Head Y Translational 

Acceleration

10G 30ms -X

Figure C-1-22: 8192 Head Y Translational 

Acceleration

20G 110ms -X

Figure C-1-23: 8200 Head Y Translational 

Acceleration

10G 110ms -X

Figure C-1-24: 8205 Head Y Translational 

Acceleration
41

C.1.5 Head Z Translational Acceleration

10G 70ms -X

Figure C-1-25: 8201 Head Z Translational 

Acceleration

10G 70ms -X

Figure C-1-26: 8202 Head Z Translational 

Acceleration

10G 70ms -X

Figure C-1-27: 8204 Head Z Translational 

Acceleration

10G 30ms -X

Figure C-1-28: 8192 Head Z Translational 

Acceleration

20G 110ms -X

Figure C-1-29: 8200 Head Z Translational 

Acceleration

10G 110ms -X

Figure C-1-30: 8205 Head Z Translational 

Acceleration
42

C.1.6 Head Resultant Translational Acceleration

10G 70ms -X

Figure C-1-31: 8201 Head Resultant 

Translational Acceleration

10G 70ms -X

Figure C-1-32: 8202 Head Resultant 

Translational Acceleration

10G 70ms -X

Figure C-1-33: 8204 Head Resultant 

Translational Acceleration

10G 30ms -X

Figure C-1-34: 8192 Head Resultant 

Translational Acceleration

20G 110ms -X

Figure C-1-35: 8200 Head Resultant 

Translational Acceleration

10G 110ms -X

Figure C-1-36: 8205 Head Resultant 

Translational Acceleration
43

C.1.7 Head X Translational Velocity

10G 70ms -X

Figure C-1-37: 8201 Head X Translational 

Velocity

10G 70ms -X

Figure C-1-38: 8202 Head X Translational 

Velocity

10G 70ms -X

Figure C-1-39: 8204 Head X Translational 

Velocity

10G 30ms -X

Figure C-1-40: 8192 Head X Translational 

Velocity

20G 110ms -X

Figure C-1-41: 8200 Head X Translational 

Velocity

10G 110ms -X

Figure C-1-42: 8205 Head X Translational 

Velocity
44

C.1.8 Head Y Translational Velocity

10G 70ms -X

Figure C-1-43: 8201 Head Y Translational 

Velocity

10G 70ms -X

Figure C-1-44: 8202 Head Y Translational 

Velocity

10G 70ms -X

Figure C-1-45: 8204 Head Y Translational 

Velocity

10G 30ms -X

Figure C-1-46: 8192 Head Y Translational 

Velocity

20G 110ms -X

Figure C-1-47: 8200 Head Y Translational 

Velocity

10G 110ms -X

Figure C-1-48: 8205 Head Y Translational 

Velocity
45

C.1.9 Head Z Translational Velocity

10G 70ms -X

Figure C-1-49: 8201 Head Z Translational 

Velocity

10G 70ms -X

Figure C-1-50: 8202 Head Z Translational 

Velocity

10G 70ms -X

Figure C-1-51: 8204 Head Z Translational 

Velocity

10G 30ms -X

Figure C-1-52: 8192 Head Z Translational 

Velocity

20G 110ms -X

Figure C-1-53: 8200 Head Z Translational 

Velocity

10G 110ms -X

Figure C-1-54: 8205 Head Z Translational 

Velocity
46

C.1.10 Head Resultant Translational Velocity

10G 70ms -X

Figure C-1-55: 8201 Head Resultant 

Translational Velocity

10G 70ms -X

Figure C-1-56: 8202 Head Resultant 

Translational Velocity

10G 70ms -X

Figure C-1-57: 8204 Head Resultant 

Translational Velocity

10G 30ms -X

Figure C-1-58: 8192 Head Resultant 

Translational Velocity

20G 110ms -X

Figure C-1-59: 8200 Head Resultant 

Translational Velocity

10G 110ms -X

Figure C-1-60: 8205 Head Resultant 

Translational Velocity
47

C.1.11 Head Y Rotational Acceleration

10G 70ms -X

Figure C-1-61: 8201 Head Y Rotational 

Acceleration

10G 70ms -X

Figure C-1-62: 8202 Head Y Rotational 

Acceleration

10G 70ms -X

Figure C-1-63: 8204 Head Y Rotational 

Acceleration

10G 30ms -X

Figure C-1-64: 8192 Head Y Rotational 

Acceleration

20G 110ms -X

Figure C-1-65: 8200 Head Y Rotational 

Acceleration

10G 110ms -X

Figure C-1-66: 8205 Head Y Rotational 

Acceleration
48

C.1.12 Head Y Rotational Velocity

10G 70ms -X

Figure C-1-67: 8201 Head Y Rotational 

Velocity

10G 70ms -X

Figure C-1-68: 8202 Head Y Rotational 

Velocity

10G 70ms -X

Figure C-1-69: 8204 Head Y Rotational 

Velocity

10G 30ms -X

Figure C-1-70: 8192 Head Y Rotational 

Velocity

20G 110ms -X

Figure C-1-71: 8200 Head Y Rotational 

Velocity

10G 110ms -X

Figure C-1-72: 8205 Head Y Rotational 

Velocity
49

C.1.13 Head X Movement

10G 70ms -X

Figure C-1-73: 8201 Head X Movement

10G 70ms -X

Figure C-1-74: 8202 Head X Movement

10G 70ms -X

Figure C-1-75: 8204 Head X Movement

10G 30ms -X

Figure C-1-76: 8192 Head X Movement

20G 110ms -X

Figure C-1-77: 8200 Head X Movement

10G 110ms -X

Figure C-1-78: 8205 Head X Movement
50

C.1.14 Head Y Movement

10G 70ms -X

Figure C-1-79: 8201 Head Y Movement

10G 70ms -X

Figure C-1-80: 8202 Head Y Movement

10G 70ms -X

Figure C-1-81: 8204 Head Y Movement

10G 30ms -X

Figure C-1-82: 8192 Head Y Movement

20G 110ms -X

Figure C-1-83: 8200 Head Y Movement

10G 110ms -X

Figure C-1-84: 8205 Head Y Movement
51

C.1.15 Head Z Movement

10G 70ms -X

Figure C-1-85: 8201 Head Z Movement

10G 70ms -X

Figure C-1-86: 8202 Head Z Movement

10G 70ms -X

Figure C-1-87: 8204 Head Z Movement

10G 30ms -X

Figure C-1-88: 8192 Head Z Movement

20G 110ms -X

Figure C-1-89: 8200 Head Z Movement

10G 110ms -X

Figure C-1-90: 8205 Head Z Movement
52

C.1.16 HIC 15

10G 70ms -X

Figure C-1-91: 8201 HIC 15

10G 70ms -X

Figure C-1-92: 8202 HIC 15

10G 70ms -X

Figure C-1-93: 8204 HIC 15

10G 30ms -X

Figure C-1-94: 8192 HIC 15

20G 110ms -X

Figure C-1-95: 8200 HIC 15

10G 110ms -X

Figure C-1-96: 8205 HIC 15
53

C.1.17 HIC 36

10G 70ms -X

Figure C-1-97: 8201 HIC 36

10G 70ms -X

Figure C-1-98: 8202 HIC 36

10G 70ms -X

Figure C-1-99: 8204 HIC 36

10G 30ms -X

Figure C-1-100: 8192 HIC 36

20G 110ms -X

Figure C-1-101: 8200 HIC 36

10G 110ms -X

Figure C-1-102: 8205 HIC 36
54

C.1.18 Neck X Force

10G 70ms -X

Figure C-1-103: 8201 Neck X Force

10G 70ms -X

Figure C-1-104: 8202 Neck X Force

10G 70ms -X

Figure C-1-105: 8204 Neck X Force

10G 30ms -X

Figure C-1-106: 8192 Neck X Force

20G 110ms -X

Figure C-1-107: 8200 Neck X Force

10G 110ms -X

Figure C-1-108: 8205 Neck X Force
55

C.1.19 Neck Y Force

10G 70ms -X

Figure C-1-109: 8201 Neck Y Force

10G 70ms -X

Figure C-1-110: 8202 Neck Y Force

10G 70ms -X

Figure C-1-111: 8204 Neck Y Force

10G 30ms -X

Figure C-1-112: 8192 Neck Y Force

20G 110ms -X

Figure C-1-113: 8200 Neck Y Force

10G 110ms -X

Figure C-1-114: 8205 Neck Y Force
56

C.1.20 Neck Z Force

10G 70ms -X

Figure C-1-115: 8201 Neck Z Force

10G 70ms -X

Figure C-1-116: 8202 Neck Z Force

10G 70ms -X

Figure C-1-117: 8204 Neck Z Force

10G 30ms -X

Figure C-1-118: 8192 Neck Z Force

20G 110ms -X

Figure C-1-119: 8200 Neck Z Force

10G 110ms -X

Figure C-1-120: 8205 Neck Z Force
57

C.1.21 Neck X Moment

10G 70ms -X

Figure C-1-121: 8201 Neck X Moment

10G 70ms -X

Figure C-1-122: 8202 Neck X Moment

10G 70ms -X

Figure C-1-123: 8204 Neck X Moment

10G 30ms -X

Figure C-1-124: 8192 Neck X Moment

20G 110ms -X

Figure C-1-125: 8200 Neck X Moment

10G 110ms -X

Figure C-1-126: 8205 Neck X Moment
58

C.1.22 Neck Y Moment

10G 70ms -X

Figure C-1-127: 8201 Neck Y Moment

10G 70ms -X

Figure C-1-128: 8202 Neck Y Moment

10G 70ms -X

Figure C-1-129: 8204 Neck Y Moment

10G 30ms -X

Figure C-1-130: 8192 Neck Y Moment

20G 110ms -X

Figure C-1-131: 8200 Neck Y Moment

10G 110ms -X

Figure C-1-132: 8205 Neck Y Moment
59

C.1.23 Neck Z Moment

10G 70ms -X

Figure C-1-133: 8201 Neck Z Moment

10G 70ms -X

Figure C-1-134: 8202 Neck Z Moment

10G 70ms -X

Figure C-1-135: 8204 Neck Z Moment

10G 30ms -X

Figure C-1-136: 8192 Neck Z Moment

20G 110ms -X

Figure C-1-137: 8200 Neck Z Moment

10G 110ms -X

Figure C-1-138: 8205 Neck Z Moment
60

C.1.24 Nij

10G 70ms -X

Figure C-1-139: 8201 Nij

10G 70ms -X

Figure C-1-140: 8202 Nij

10G 70ms -X

Figure C-1-141: 8204 Nij

10G 30ms -X

Figure C-1-142: 8192 Nij

20G 110ms -X

Figure C-1-143: 8200 Nij

10G 110ms -X

Figure C-1-144: 8205 Nij
61

C.1.25 Nkm

10G 70ms -X

Figure C-1-145: 8201 Nkm

10G 70ms -X

Figure C-1-146: 8202 Nkm

10G 70ms -X

Figure C-1-147: 8204 Nkm

10G 30ms -X

Figure C-1-148: 8192 Nkm

20G 110ms -X

Figure C-1-149: 8200 Nkm

10G 110ms -X

Figure C-1-150: 8205 Nkm
62

C.1.26 Chest X Acceleration

10G 70ms -X

Figure C-1-151: 8201 Chest X Acceleration

10G 70ms -X

Figure C-1-152: 8202 Chest X Acceleration

10G 70ms -X

Figure C-1-153: 8204 Chest X Acceleration

10G 30ms -X

Figure C-1-154: 8192 Chest X Acceleration

20G 110ms -X

Figure C-1-155: 8200 Chest X Acceleration

10G 110ms -X

Figure C-1-156: 8205 Chest X Acceleration
63

C.1.27 Chest Y Acceleration

10G 70ms -X

Figure C-1-157: 8201 Chest Y Acceleration

10G 70ms -X

Figure C-1-158: 8202 Chest Y Acceleration

10G 70ms -X

Figure C-1-159: 8204 Chest Y Acceleration

10G 30ms -X

Figure C-1-160: 8192 Chest Y Acceleration

20G 110ms -X

Figure C-1-161: 8200 Chest Y Acceleration

10G 110ms -X

Figure C-1-162: 8205 Chest Y Acceleration
64

C.1.28 Chest Z Acceleration

10G 70ms -X

Figure C-1-163: 8201 Chest Z Acceleration

10G 70ms -X

Figure C-1-164: 8202 Chest Z Acceleration

10G 70ms -X

Figure C-1-165: 8204 Chest Z Acceleration

10G 30ms -X

Figure C-1-166: 8192 Chest Z Acceleration

20G 110ms -X

Figure C-1-167: 8200 Chest Z Acceleration

10G 110ms -X

Figure C-1-168: 8205 Chest Z Acceleration
65

C.1.29 Chest Resultant Acceleration

10G 70ms -X

Figure C-1-169: 8201 Chest Resultant 

Acceleration

10G 70ms -X

Figure C-1-170: 8202 Chest Resultant 

Acceleration

10G 70ms -X

Figure C-1-171: 8204 Chest Resultant 

Acceleration

10G 30ms -X

Figure C-1-172: 8192 Chest Resultant 

Acceleration

20G 110ms -X

Figure C-1-173: 8200 Chest Resultant 

Acceleration

10G 110ms -X

Figure C-1-174: 8205 Chest Resultant 

Acceleration
66

C.1.30 Chest X Movement

10G 70ms -X

Figure C-1-175: 8201 Chest X Movement

10G 70ms -X

Figure C-1-176: 8202 Chest X Movement

10G 70ms -X

Figure C-1-177: 8204 Chest X Movement

10G 30ms -X

Figure C-1-178: 8192 Chest X Movement

20G 110ms -X

Figure C-1-179: 8200 Chest X Movement

10G 110ms -X

Figure C-1-180: 8205 Chest X Movement
67

C.1.31 Shoulder Y Movement

10G 70ms -X

Figure C-1-181: 8201 Shoulder Y Movement

10G 70ms -X

Figure C-1-182: 8202 Shoulder Y Movement

10G 70ms -X

Figure C-1-183: 8204 Shoulder Y Movement

10G 30ms -X

Figure C-1-184: 8192 Shoulder Y Movement

20G 110ms -X

Figure C-1-185: 8200 Shoulder Y Movement

10G 110ms -X

Figure C-1-186: 8205 Shoulder Y Movement
68

C.1.32 Chest Z Movement

10G 70ms -X

Figure C-1-187: 8201 Chest Z Movement

10G 70ms -X

Figure C-1-188: 8202 Chest Z Movement

10G 70ms -X

Figure C-1-189: 8204 Chest Z Movement

10G 30ms -X

Figure C-1-190: 8192 Chest Z Movement

20G 110ms -X

Figure C-1-191: 8200 Chest Z Movement

10G 110ms -X

Figure C-1-192: 8205 Chest Z Movement
69

C.1.33 Lumbar X Force

10G 70ms -X

Figure C-1-193: 8201 Lumbar X Force

10G 70ms -X

Figure C-1-194: 8202 Lumbar X Force

10G 70ms -X

Figure C-1-195: 8204 Lumbar X Force

10G 30ms -X

Figure C-1-196: 8192 Lumbar X Force

20G 110ms -X

Figure C-1-197: 8200 Lumbar X Force

10G 110ms -X

Figure C-1-198: 8205 Lumbar X Force
70

C.1.34 Lumbar Z Force

10G 70ms -X

Figure C-1-199: 8201 Lumbar Z Force

10G 70ms -X

Figure C-1-200: 8202 Lumbar Z Force

10G 70ms -X

Figure C-1-201: 8204 Lumbar Z Force

10G 30ms -X

Figure C-1-202: 8192 Lumbar Z Force

20G 110ms -X

Figure C-1-203: 8200 Lumbar Z Force

10G 110ms -X

Figure C-1-204: 8205 Lumbar Z Force
71

C.1.35 Lumbar Y Moment

10G 70ms -X

Figure C-1-205: 8201 Lumbar Y Moment

10G 70ms -X

Figure C-1-206: 8202 Lumbar Y Moment

10G 70ms -X

Figure C-1-207: 8204 Lumbar Y Moment

10G 30ms -X

Figure C-1-208: 8192 Lumbar Y Moment

20G 110ms -X

Figure C-1-209: 8200 Lumbar Y Moment

10G 110ms -X

Figure C-1-210: 8205 Lumbar Y Moment
72

C.1.36 Left Lap Belt Force

10G 70ms -X

Figure C-1-211: 8201 Left Lap Belt Force

10G 70ms -X

Figure C-1-212: 8202 Left Lap Belt Force

10G 70ms -X

Figure C-1-213: 8204 Left Lap Belt Force

10G 30ms -X

Figure C-1-214: 8192 Left Lap Belt Force

20G 110ms -X

Figure C-1-215: 8200 Left Lap Belt Force

10G 110ms -X

Figure C-1-216: 8205 Left Lap Belt Force
73

C.1.37 Right Lap Belt Force

10G 70ms -X

Figure C-1-217: 8201 Right Lap Belt Force

10G 70ms -X

Figure C-1-218: 8202 Right Lap Belt Force

10G 70ms -X

Figure C-1-219: 8204 Right Lap Belt Force

10G 30ms -X

Figure C-1-220: 8192 Right Lap Belt Force

20G 110ms -X

Figure C-1-221: 8200 Right Lap Belt Force

10G 110ms -X

Figure C-1-222: 8205 Right Lap Belt Force
74

C.1.38 Left Shoulder Belt Force

10G 70ms -X

Figure C-1-223: 8201 Left Shoulder Belt 

Force

10G 70ms -X

Figure C-1-224: 8202 Left Shoulder Belt 

Force

10G 70ms -X

Figure C-1-225: 8204 Left Shoulder Belt 

Force

10G 30ms -X

Figure C-1-226: 8192 Left Shoulder Belt 

Force

20G 110ms -X

Figure C-1-227: 8200 Left Shoulder Belt 

Force

10G 110ms -X

Figure C-1-228: 8205 Left Shoulder Belt 

Force
75

C.1.39 Right Shoulder Belt Force

10G 70ms -X

Figure C-1-229: 8201 Right Shoulder Belt 

Force

10G 70ms -X

Figure C-1-230: 8202 Right Shoulder Belt 

Force

10G 70ms -X

Figure C-1-231: 8204 Right Shoulder Belt 

Force

10G 30ms -X

Figure C-1-232: 8192 Right Shoulder Belt 

Force

20G 110ms -X

Figure C-1-233: 8200 Right Shoulder Belt 

Force

10G 110ms -X

Figure C-1-234: 8205 Right Shoulder Belt 

Force
76

C.1.40 Crotch Belt Force

10G 70ms -X

Figure C-1-235: 8201 Crotch Belt Force

10G 70ms -X

Figure C-1-236: 8202 Crotch Belt Force

10G 70ms -X

Figure C-1-237: 8204 Crotch Belt Force

10G 30ms -X

Figure C-1-238: 8192 Crotch Belt Force

20G 110ms -X

Figure C-1-239: 8200 Crotch Belt Force

10G 110ms -X

Figure C-1-240: 8205 Crotch Belt Force
77

C.2 Lateral Impact

C.2.1 Seat Accelerations

10G 70ms -Y No Side Support

Figure C-2-1: 8239 Seat Accelerations

10G 70ms -Y No Head Support

Figure C-2-2: 8240 Seat Accelerations

10G 70ms -Y 100% Gap

Figure C-2-3: 8248 Seat Accelerations

10G 70ms -Y No Head Support

Figure C-2-4: 8241 Seat Accelerations

20G 70ms -Y 100% Gap

Figure C-2-5: 8249 Seat Accelerations
78

10G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-6: 8244 Seat Accelerations

10G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-7: 8245 Seat Accelerations

10G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-8: 8295 Seat Accelerations

20G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-9: 8246 Seat Accelerations

20G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-10: 8247 Seat Accelerations
79

10G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-11: 8242 Seat Accelerations

10G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-12: 8294 Seat Accelerations

20G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-13: 8243 Seat Accelerations

20G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-14: 8296 Seat Accelerations
80

C.2.2 Dynamic Response Index

10G 70ms -Y No Side Support

Figure C-2-15: 8239 Dynamic Response 

Index

10G 70ms -Y No Head Support

Figure C-2-16: 8240 Dynamic Response 

Index

10G 70ms -Y 100% Gap

Figure C-2-17: 8248 Dynamic Response 

Index

10G 70ms -Y No Head Support

Figure C-2-18: 8241 Dynamic Response 

Index

20G 70ms -Y 100% Gap

Figure C-2-19: 8249 Dynamic Response 

Index
81

10G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-20: 8244 Dynamic Response 

Index

10G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-21: 8245 Dynamic Response 

Index

10G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-22: 8295 Dynamic Response 

Index

20G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-23: 8246 Dynamic Response 

Index

20G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-24: 8247 Dynamic Response 

Index
82

10G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-25: 8242 Dynamic Response 

Index

10G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-26: 8294 Dynamic Response 

Index

20G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-27: 8243 Dynamic Response 

Index

20G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-28: 8296 Dynamic Response 

Index
83

C.2.3 Head X Translational Acceleration

10G 70ms -Y No Side Support

Figure C-2-29: 8239 Head X Translational 

Acceleration

10G 70ms -Y No Head Support

Figure C-2-30: 8240 Head X Translational 

Acceleration

10G 70ms -Y 100% Gap

Figure C-2-31: 8248 Head X Translational 

Acceleration

10G 70ms -Y No Head Support

Figure C-2-32: 8241 Head X Translational 

Acceleration

20G 70ms -Y 100% Gap

Figure C-2-33: 8249 Head X Translational 

Acceleration
84

10G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-34: 8244 Head X Translational 

Acceleration

10G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-35: 8245 Head X Translational 

Acceleration

10G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-36: 8295 Head X Translational 

Acceleration

20G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-37: 8246 Head X Translational 

Acceleration

20G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-38: 8247 Head X Translational 

Acceleration
85

10G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-39: 8242 Head X Translational 

Acceleration

10G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-40: 8294 Head X Translational 

Acceleration

20G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-41: 8243 Head X Translational 

Acceleration

20G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-42: 8296 Head X Translational 

Acceleration
86

C.2.4 Head Y Translational Acceleration

10G 70ms -Y No Side Support

Figure C-2-43: 8239 Head Y Translational 

Acceleration

10G 70ms -Y No Head Support

Figure C-2-44: 8240 Head Y Translational 

Acceleration

10G 70ms -Y 100% Gap

Figure C-2-45: 8248 Head Y Translational 

Acceleration

10G 70ms -Y No Head Support

Figure C-2-46: 8241 Head Y Translational 

Acceleration

20G 70ms -Y 100% Gap

Figure C-2-47: 8249 Head Y Translational 

Acceleration
87

10G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-48: 8244 Head Y Translational 

Acceleration

10G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-49: 8245 Head Y Translational 

Acceleration

10G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-50: 8295 Head Y Translational 

Acceleration

20G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-51: 8246 Head Y Translational 

Acceleration

20G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-52: 8247 Head Y Translational 

Acceleration
88

10G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-53: 8242 Head Y Translational 

Acceleration

10G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-54: 8294 Head Y Translational 

Acceleration

20G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-55: 8243 Head Y Translational 

Acceleration

20G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-56: 8296 Head Y Translational 

Acceleration
89

C.2.5 Head Z Translational Acceleration

10G 70ms -Y No Side Support

Figure C-2-57: 8239 Head Z Translational 

Acceleration

10G 70ms -Y No Head Support

Figure C-2-58: 8240 Head Z Translational 

Acceleration

10G 70ms -Y 100% Gap

Figure C-2-59: 8248 Head Z Translational 

Acceleration

10G 70ms -Y No Head Support

Figure C-2-60: 8241 Head Z Translational 

Acceleration

20G 70ms -Y 100% Gap

Figure C-2-61: 8249 Head Z Translational 

Acceleration
90

10G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-62: 8244 Head Z Translational 

Acceleration

10G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-63: 8245 Head Z Translational 

Acceleration

10G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-64: 8295 Head Z Translational 

Acceleration

20G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-65: 8246 Head Z Translational 

Acceleration

20G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-66: 8247 Head Z Translational 

Acceleration
91

10G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-67: 8242 Head Z Translational 

Acceleration

10G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-68: 8294 Head Z Translational 

Acceleration

20G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-69: 8243 Head Z Translational 

Acceleration

20G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-70: 8296 Head Z Translational 

Acceleration
92

C.2.6 Head Resultant Translational Acceleration

10G 70ms -Y No Side Support

Figure C-2-71: 8239 Head Resultant 

Translational Acceleration

10G 70ms -Y No Head Support

Figure C-2-72: 8240 Head Resultant 

Translational Acceleration

10G 70ms -Y 100% Gap

Figure C-2-73: 8248 Head Resultant 

Translational Acceleration

10G 70ms -Y No Head Support

Figure C-2-74: 8241 Head Resultant 

Translational Acceleration

20G 70ms -Y 100% Gap

Figure C-2-75: 8249 Head Resultant 

Translational Acceleration
93

10G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-76: 8244 Head Resultant 

Translational Acceleration

10G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-77: 8245 Head Resultant 

Translational Acceleration

10G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-78: 8295 Head Resultant 

Translational Acceleration

20G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-79: 8246 Head Resultant 

Translational Acceleration

20G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-80: 8247 Head Resultant 

Translational Acceleration
94

10G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-81: 8242 Head Resultant 

Translational Acceleration

10G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-82: 8294 Head Resultant 

Translational Acceleration

20G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-83: 8243 Head Resultant 

Translational Acceleration

20G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-84: 8296 Head Resultant 

Translational Acceleration
95

C.2.7 Head X Translational Velocity

10G 70ms -Y No Side Support

Figure C-2-85: 8239 Head X Translational 

Velocity

10G 70ms -Y No Head Support

Figure C-2-86: 8240 Head X Translational 

Velocity

10G 70ms -Y 100% Gap

Figure C-2-87: 8248 Head X Translational 

Velocity

10G 70ms -Y No Head Support

Figure C-2-88: 8241 Head X Translational 

Velocity

20G 70ms -Y 100% Gap

Figure C-2-89: 8249 Head X Translational 

Velocity
96

10G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-90: 8244 Head X Translational 

Velocity

10G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-91: 8245 Head X Translational 

Velocity

10G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-92: 8295 Head X Translational 

Velocity

20G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-93: 8246 Head X Translational 

Velocity

20G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-94: 8247 Head X Translational 

Velocity
97

10G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-95: 8242 Head X Translational 

Velocity

10G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-96: 8294 Head X Translational 

Velocity

20G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-97: 8243 Head X Translational 

Velocity

20G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-98: 8296 Head X Translational 

Velocity
98

C.2.8 Head Y Translational Velocity

10G 70ms -Y No Side Support

Figure C-2-99: 8239 Head Y Translational 

Velocity

10G 70ms -Y No Head Support

Figure C-2-100: 8240 Head Y Translational 

Velocity

10G 70ms -Y 100% Gap

Figure C-2-101: 8248 Head Y Translational 

Velocity

10G 70ms -Y No Head Support

Figure C-2-102: 8241 Head Y Translational 

Velocity

20G 70ms -Y 100% Gap

Figure C-2-103: 8249 Head Y Translational 

Velocity
99

10G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-104: 8244 Head Y Translational 

Velocity

10G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-105: 8245 Head Y Translational 

Velocity

10G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-106: 8295 Head Y Translational 

Velocity

20G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-107: 8246 Head Y Translational 

Velocity

20G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-108: 8247 Head Y Translational 

Velocity
100

10G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-109: 8242 Head Y Translational 

Velocity

10G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-110: 8294 Head Y Translational 

Velocity

20G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-111: 8243 Head Y Translational 

Velocity

20G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-112: 8296 Head Y Translational 

Velocity
101

C.2.9 Head Z Translational Velocity

10G 70ms -Y No Side Support

Figure C-2-113: 8239 Head Z Translational 

Velocity

10G 70ms -Y No Head Support

Figure C-2-114: 8240 Head Z Translational 

Velocity

10G 70ms -Y 100% Gap

Figure C-2-115: 8248 Head Z Translational 

Velocity

10G 70ms -Y No Head Support

Figure C-2-116: 8241 Head Z Translational 

Velocity

20G 70ms -Y 100% Gap

Figure C-2-117: 8249 Head Z Translational 

Velocity
102

10G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-118: 8244 Head Z Translational 

Velocity

10G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-119: 8245 Head Z Translational 

Velocity

10G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-120: 8295 Head Z Translational 

Velocity

20G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-121: 8246 Head Z Translational 

Velocity

20G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-122: 8247 Head Z Translational 

Velocity
103

10G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-123: 8242 Head Z Translational 

Velocity

10G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-124: 8294 Head Z Translational 

Velocity

20G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-125: 8243 Head Z Translational 

Velocity

20G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-126: 8296 Head Z Translational 

Velocity
104

C.2.10 Head Resultant Translational Velocity

10G 70ms -Y No Side Support

Figure C-2-127: 8239 Head Resultant 

Translational Velocity

10G 70ms -Y No Head Support

Figure C-2-128: 8240 Head Resultant 

Translational Velocity

10G 70ms -Y 100% Gap

Figure C-2-129: 8248 Head Resultant 

Translational Velocity

10G 70ms -Y No Head Support

Figure C-2-130: 8241 Head Resultant 

Translational Velocity

20G 70ms -Y 100% Gap

Figure C-2-131: 8249 Head Resultant 

Translational Velocity
105

10G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-132: 8244 Head Resultant 

Translational Velocity

10G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-133: 8245 Head Resultant 

Translational Velocity

10G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-134: 8295 Head Resultant 

Translational Velocity

20G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-135: 8246 Head Resultant 

Translational Velocity

20G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-136: 8247 Head Resultant 

Translational Velocity
106

10G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-137: 8242 Head Resultant 

Translational Velocity

10G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-138: 8294 Head Resultant 

Translational Velocity

20G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-139: 8243 Head Resultant 

Translational Velocity

20G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-140: 8296 Head Resultant 

Translational Velocity
107

C.2.11 Head Y Rotational Acceleration

10G 70ms -Y No Side Support

Figure C-2-141: 8239 Head Y Rotational 

Acceleration

10G 70ms -Y No Head Support

Figure C-2-142: 8240 Head Y Rotational 

Acceleration

10G 70ms -Y 100% Gap

Figure C-2-143: 8248 Head Y Rotational 

Acceleration

10G 70ms -Y No Head Support

Figure C-2-144: 8241 Head Y Rotational 

Acceleration

20G 70ms -Y 100% Gap

Figure C-2-145: 8249 Head Y Rotational 

Acceleration
108

10G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-146: 8244 Head Y Rotational 

Acceleration

10G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-147: 8245 Head Y Rotational 

Acceleration

10G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-148: 8295 Head Y Rotational 

Acceleration

20G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-149: 8246 Head Y Rotational 

Acceleration

20G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-150: 8247 Head Y Rotational 

Acceleration
109

10G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-151: 8242 Head Y Rotational 

Acceleration

10G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-152: 8294 Head Y Rotational 

Acceleration

20G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-153: 8243 Head Y Rotational 

Acceleration

20G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-154: 8296 Head Y Rotational 

Acceleration
110

C.2.12 Head Y Rotational Velocity

10G 70ms -Y No Side Support

Figure C-2-155: 8239 Head Y Rotational 

Velocity

10G 70ms -Y No Head Support

Figure C-2-156: 8240 Head Y Rotational 

Velocity

10G 70ms -Y 100% Gap

Figure C-2-157: 8248 Head Y Rotational 

Velocity

10G 70ms -Y No Head Support

Figure C-2-158: 8241 Head Y Rotational 

Velocity

20G 70ms -Y 100% Gap

Figure C-2-159: 8249 Head Y Rotational 

Velocity
111

10G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-160: 8244 Head Y Rotational 

Velocity

10G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-161: 8245 Head Y Rotational 

Velocity

10G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-162: 8295 Head Y Rotational 

Velocity

20G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-163: 8246 Head Y Rotational 

Velocity

20G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-164: 8247 Head Y Rotational 

Velocity
112

10G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-165: 8242 Head Y Rotational 

Velocity

10G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-166: 8294 Head Y Rotational 

Velocity

20G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-167: 8243 Head Y Rotational 

Velocity

20G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-168: 8296 Head Y Rotational 

Velocity
113

C.2.13 Head X Movement

10G 70ms -Y No Side Support

Figure C-2-169: 8239 Head X Movement

10G 70ms -Y No Head Support

Figure C-2-170: 8240 Head X Movement

10G 70ms -Y 100% Gap

Figure C-2-171: 8248 Head X Movement

10G 70ms -Y No Head Support

Figure C-2-172: 8241 Head X Movement

20G 70ms -Y 100% Gap

Figure C-2-173: 8249 Head X Movement
114

10G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-174: 8244 Head X Movement

10G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-175: 8245 Head X Movement

10G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-176: 8295 Head X Movement

20G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-177: 8246 Head X Movement

20G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-178: 8247 Head X Movement
115

10G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-179: 8242 Head X Movement

10G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-180: 8294 Head X Movement

20G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-181: 8243 Head X Movement

20G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-182: 8296 Head X Movement
116

C.2.14 Head Y Movement

10G 70ms -Y No Side Support

Figure C-2-183: 8239 Head Y Movement

10G 70ms -Y No Head Support

Figure C-2-184: 8240 Head Y Movement

10G 70ms -Y 100% Gap

Figure C-2-185: 8248 Head Y Movement

10G 70ms -Y No Head Support

Figure C-2-186: 8241 Head Y Movement

20G 70ms -Y 100% Gap

Figure C-2-187: 8249 Head Y Movement
117

10G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-188: 8244 Head Y Movement

10G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-189: 8245 Head Y Movement

10G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-190: 8295 Head Y Movement

20G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-191: 8246 Head Y Movement

20G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-192: 8247 Head Y Movement
118

10G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-193: 8242 Head Y Movement

10G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-194: 8294 Head Y Movement

20G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-195: 8243 Head Y Movement

20G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-196: 8296 Head Y Movement
119

C.2.15 Head Z Movement

10G 70ms -Y No Side Support

Figure C-2-197: 8239 Head Z Movement

10G 70ms -Y No Head Support

Figure C-2-198: 8240 Head Z Movement

10G 70ms -Y 100% Gap

Figure C-2-199: 8248 Head Z Movement

10G 70ms -Y No Head Support

Figure C-2-200: 8241 Head Z Movement

20G 70ms -Y 100% Gap

Figure C-2-201: 8249 Head Z Movement
120

10G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-202: 8244 Head Z Movement

10G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-203: 8245 Head Z Movement

10G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-204: 8295 Head Z Movement

20G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-205: 8246 Head Z Movement

20G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-206: 8247 Head Z Movement
121

10G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-207: 8242 Head Z Movement

10G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-208: 8294 Head Z Movement

20G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-209: 8243 Head Z Movement

20G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-210: 8296 Head Z Movement
122

C.2.16 HIC 15

10G 70ms -Y No Side Support

Figure C-2-211: 8239 HIC 15

10G 70ms -Y No Head Support

Figure C-2-212: 8240 HIC 15

10G 70ms -Y 100% Gap

Figure C-2-213: 8248 HIC 15

10G 70ms -Y No Head Support

Figure C-2-214: 8241 HIC 15

20G 70ms -Y 100% Gap

Figure C-2-215: 8249 HIC 15
123

10G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-216: 8244 HIC 15

10G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-217: 8245 HIC 15

10G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-218: 8295 HIC 15

20G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-219: 8246 HIC 15

20G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-220: 8247 HIC 15
124

10G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-221: 8242 HIC 15

10G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-222: 8294 HIC 15

20G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-223: 8243 HIC 15

20G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-224: 8296 HIC 15
125

C.2.17 HIC 36

10G 70ms -Y No Side Support

Figure C-2-225: 8239 HIC 36

10G 70ms -Y No Head Support

Figure C-2-226: 8240 HIC 36

10G 70ms -Y 100% Gap

Figure C-2-227: 8248 HIC 36

10G 70ms -Y No Head Support

Figure C-2-228: 8241 HIC 36

20G 70ms -Y 100% Gap

Figure C-2-229: 8249 HIC 36
126

10G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-230: 8244 HIC 36

10G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-231: 8245 HIC 36

10G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-232: 8295 HIC 36

20G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-233: 8246 HIC 36

20G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-234: 8247 HIC 36
127

10G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-235: 8242 HIC 36

10G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-236: 8294 HIC 36

20G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-237: 8243 HIC 36

20G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-238: 8296 HIC 36
128

C.2.18 Neck X Force

10G 70ms -Y No Side Support

Figure C-2-239: 8239 Neck X Force

10G 70ms -Y No Head Support

Figure C-2-240: 8240 Neck X Force

10G 70ms -Y 100% Gap

Figure C-2-241: 8248 Neck X Force

10G 70ms -Y No Head Support

Figure C-2-242: 8241 Neck X Force

20G 70ms -Y 100% Gap

Figure C-2-243: 8249 Neck X Force
129

10G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-244: 8244 Neck X Force

10G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-245: 8245 Neck X Force

10G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-246: 8295 Neck X Force

20G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-247: 8246 Neck X Force

20G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-248: 8247 Neck X Force
130

10G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-249: 8242 Neck X Force

10G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-250: 8294 Neck X Force

20G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-251: 8243 Neck X Force

20G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-252: 8296 Neck X Force
131

C.2.19 Neck Y Force

10G 70ms -Y No Side Support

Figure C-2-253: 8239 Neck Y Force

10G 70ms -Y No Head Support

Figure C-2-254: 8240 Neck Y Force

10G 70ms -Y 100% Gap

Figure C-2-255: 8248 Neck Y Force

10G 70ms -Y No Head Support

Figure C-2-256: 8241 Neck Y Force

20G 70ms -Y 100% Gap

Figure C-2-257: 8249 Neck Y Force
132

10G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-258: 8244 Neck Y Force

10G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-259: 8245 Neck Y Force

10G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-260: 8295 Neck Y Force

20G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-261: 8246 Neck Y Force

20G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-262: 8247 Neck Y Force
133

10G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-263: 8242 Neck Y Force

10G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-264: 8294 Neck Y Force

20G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-265: 8243 Neck Y Force

20G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-266: 8296 Neck Y Force
134

C.2.20 Neck Z Force

10G 70ms -Y No Side Support

Figure C-2-267: 8239 Neck Z Force

10G 70ms -Y No Head Support

Figure C-2-268: 8240 Neck Z Force

10G 70ms -Y 100% Gap

Figure C-2-269: 8248 Neck Z Force

10G 70ms -Y No Head Support

Figure C-2-270: 8241 Neck Z Force

20G 70ms -Y 100% Gap

Figure C-2-271: 8249 Neck Z Force
135

10G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-272: 8244 Neck Z Force

10G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-273: 8245 Neck Z Force

10G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-274: 8295 Neck Z Force

20G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-275: 8246 Neck Z Force

20G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-276: 8247 Neck Z Force
136

10G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-277: 8242 Neck Z Force

10G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-278: 8294 Neck Z Force

20G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-279: 8243 Neck Z Force

20G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-280: 8296 Neck Z Force
137

C.2.21 Neck X Moment

10G 70ms -Y No Side Support

Figure C-2-281: 8239 Neck X Moment

10G 70ms -Y No Head Support

Figure C-2-282: 8240 Neck X Moment

10G 70ms -Y 100% Gap

Figure C-2-283: 8248 Neck X Moment

10G 70ms -Y No Head Support

Figure C-2-284: 8241 Neck X Moment

20G 70ms -Y 100% Gap

Figure C-2-285: 8249 Neck X Moment
138

10G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-286: 8244 Neck X Moment

10G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-287: 8245 Neck X Moment

10G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-288: 8295 Neck X Moment

20G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-289: 8246 Neck X Moment

20G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-290: 8247 Neck X Moment
139

10G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-291: 8242 Neck X Moment

10G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-292: 8294 Neck X Moment

20G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-293: 8243 Neck X Moment

20G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-294: 8296 Neck X Moment
140

C.2.22 Neck Y Moment

10G 70ms -Y No Side Support

Figure C-2-295: 8239 Neck Y Moment

10G 70ms -Y No Head Support

Figure C-2-296: 8240 Neck Y Moment

10G 70ms -Y 100% Gap

Figure C-2-297: 8248 Neck Y Moment

10G 70ms -Y No Head Support

Figure C-2-298: 8241 Neck Y Moment

20G 70ms -Y 100% Gap

Figure C-2-299: 8249 Neck Y Moment
141

10G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-300: 8244 Neck Y Moment

10G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-301: 8245 Neck Y Moment

10G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-302: 8295 Neck Y Moment

20G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-303: 8246 Neck Y Moment

20G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-304: 8247 Neck Y Moment
142

10G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-305: 8242 Neck Y Moment

10G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-306: 8294 Neck Y Moment

20G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-307: 8243 Neck Y Moment

20G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-308: 8296 Neck Y Moment
143

C.2.23 Neck Z Moment

10G 70ms -Y No Side Support

Figure C-2-309: 8239 Neck Z Moment

10G 70ms -Y No Head Support

Figure C-2-310: 8240 Neck Z Moment

10G 70ms -Y 100% Gap

Figure C-2-311: 8248 Neck Z Moment

10G 70ms -Y No Head Support

Figure C-2-312: 8241 Neck Z Moment

20G 70ms -Y 100% Gap

Figure C-2-313: 8249 Neck Z Moment
144

10G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-314: 8244 Neck Z Moment

10G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-315: 8245 Neck Z Moment

10G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-316: 8295 Neck Z Moment

20G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-317: 8246 Neck Z Moment

20G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-318: 8247 Neck Z Moment
145

10G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-319: 8242 Neck Z Moment

10G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-320: 8294 Neck Z Moment

20G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-321: 8243 Neck Z Moment

20G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-322: 8296 Neck Z Moment
146

C.2.24 Nij

10G 70ms -Y No Side Support

Figure C-2-323: 8239 Nij

10G 70ms -Y No Head Support

Figure C-2-324: 8240 Nij

10G 70ms -Y 100% Gap

Figure C-2-325: 8248 Nij

10G 70ms -Y No Head Support

Figure C-2-326: 8241 Nij

20G 70ms -Y 100% Gap

Figure C-2-327: 8249 Nij
147

10G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-328: 8244 Nij

10G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-329: 8245 Nij

10G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-330: 8295 Nij

20G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-331: 8246 Nij

20G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-332: 8247 Nij
148

10G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-333: 8242 Nij

10G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-334: 8294 Nij

20G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-335: 8243 Nij

20G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-336: 8296 Nij
149

C.2.25 Nkm

10G 70ms -Y No Side Support

Figure C-2-337: 8239 Nkm

10G 70ms -Y No Head Support

Figure C-2-338: 8240 Nkm

10G 70ms -Y 100% Gap

Figure C-2-339: 8248 Nkm

10G 70ms -Y No Head Support

Figure C-2-340: 8241 Nkm

20G 70ms -Y 100% Gap

Figure C-2-341: 8249 Nkm
150

10G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-342: 8244 Nkm

10G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-343: 8245 Nkm

10G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-344: 8295 Nkm

20G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-345: 8246 Nkm

20G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-346: 8247 Nkm
151

10G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-347: 8242 Nkm

10G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-348: 8294 Nkm

20G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-349: 8243 Nkm

20G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-350: 8296 Nkm
152

C.2.26 Chest X Acceleration

10G 70ms -Y No Side Support

Figure C-2-351: 8239 Chest X Acceleration

10G 70ms -Y No Head Support

Figure C-2-352: 8240 Chest X Acceleration

10G 70ms -Y 100% Gap

Figure C-2-353: 8248 Chest X Acceleration

10G 70ms -Y No Head Support

Figure C-2-354: 8241 Chest X Acceleration

20G 70ms -Y 100% Gap

Figure C-2-355: 8249 Chest X Acceleration
153

10G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-356: 8244 Chest X Acceleration

10G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-357: 8245 Chest X Acceleration

10G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-358: 8295 Chest X Acceleration

20G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-359: 8246 Chest X Acceleration

20G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-360: 8247 Chest X Acceleration
154

10G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-361: 8242 Chest X Acceleration

10G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-362: 8294 Chest X Acceleration

20G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-363: 8243 Chest X Acceleration

20G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-364: 8296 Chest X Acceleration
155

C.2.27 Chest Y Acceleration

10G 70ms -Y No Side Support

Figure C-2-365: 8239 Chest Y Acceleration

10G 70ms -Y No Head Support

Figure C-2-366: 8240 Chest Y Acceleration

10G 70ms -Y 100% Gap

Figure C-2-367: 8248 Chest Y Acceleration

10G 70ms -Y No Head Support

Figure C-2-368: 8241 Chest Y Acceleration

20G 70ms -Y 100% Gap

Figure C-2-369: 8249 Chest Y Acceleration
156

10G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-370: 8244 Chest Y Acceleration

10G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-371: 8245 Chest Y Acceleration

10G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-372: 8295 Chest Y Acceleration

20G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-373: 8246 Chest Y Acceleration

20G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-374: 8247 Chest Y Acceleration
157

10G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-375: 8242 Chest Y Acceleration

10G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-376: 8294 Chest Y Acceleration

20G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-377: 8243 Chest Y Acceleration

20G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-378: 8296 Chest Y Acceleration
158

C.2.28 Chest Z Acceleration

10G 70ms -Y No Side Support

Figure C-2-379: 8239 Chest Z Acceleration

10G 70ms -Y No Head Support

Figure C-2-380: 8240 Chest Z Acceleration

10G 70ms -Y 100% Gap

Figure C-2-381: 8248 Chest Z Acceleration

10G 70ms -Y No Head Support

Figure C-2-382: 8241 Chest Z Acceleration

20G 70ms -Y 100% Gap

Figure C-2-383: 8249 Chest Z Acceleration
159

10G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-384: 8244 Chest Z Acceleration

10G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-385: 8245 Chest Z Acceleration

10G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-386: 8295 Chest Z Acceleration

20G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-387: 8246 Chest Z Acceleration

20G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-388: 8247 Chest Z Acceleration
160

10G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-389: 8242 Chest Z Acceleration

10G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-390: 8294 Chest Z Acceleration

20G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-391: 8243 Chest Z Acceleration

20G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-392: 8296 Chest Z Acceleration
161

C.2.29 Chest Resultant Acceleration

10G 70ms -Y No Side Support

Figure C-2-393: 8239 Chest Resultant 

Acceleration

10G 70ms -Y No Head Support

Figure C-2-394: 8240 Chest Resultant 

Acceleration

10G 70ms -Y 100% Gap

Figure C-2-395: 8248 Chest Resultant 

Acceleration

10G 70ms -Y No Head Support

Figure C-2-396: 8241 Chest Resultant 

Acceleration

20G 70ms -Y 100% Gap

Figure C-2-397: 8249 Chest Resultant 

Acceleration
162

10G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-398: 8244 Chest Resultant 

Acceleration

10G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-399: 8245 Chest Resultant 

Acceleration

10G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-400: 8295 Chest Resultant 

Acceleration

20G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-401: 8246 Chest Resultant 

Acceleration

20G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-402: 8247 Chest Resultant 

Acceleration
163

10G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-403: 8242 Chest Resultant 

Acceleration

10G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-404: 8294 Chest Resultant 

Acceleration

20G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-405: 8243 Chest Resultant 

Acceleration

20G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-406: 8296 Chest Resultant 

Acceleration
164

C.2.30 Chest X Movement

10G 70ms -Y No Side Support

Figure C-2-407: 8239 Chest X Movement

10G 70ms -Y No Head Support

Figure C-2-408: 8240 Chest X Movement

10G 70ms -Y 100% Gap

Figure C-2-409: 8248 Chest X Movement

10G 70ms -Y No Head Support

Figure C-2-410: 8241 Chest X Movement

20G 70ms -Y 100% Gap

Figure C-2-411: 8249 Chest X Movement
165

10G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-412: 8244 Chest X Movement

10G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-413: 8245 Chest X Movement

10G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-414: 8295 Chest X Movement

20G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-415: 8246 Chest X Movement

20G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-416: 8247 Chest X Movement
166

10G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-417: 8242 Chest X Movement

10G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-418: 8294 Chest X Movement

20G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-419: 8243 Chest X Movement

20G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-420: 8296 Chest X Movement
167

C.2.31 Shoulder Y Movement

10G 70ms -Y No Side Support

Figure C-2-421: 8239 Shoulder Y Movement

10G 70ms -Y No Head Support

Figure C-2-422: 8240 Shoulder Y Movement

10G 70ms -Y 100% Gap

Figure C-2-423: 8248 Shoulder Y Movement

10G 70ms -Y No Head Support

Figure C-2-424: 8241 Shoulder Y Movement

20G 70ms -Y 100% Gap

Figure C-2-425: 8249 Shoulder Y Movement
168

10G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-426: 8244 Shoulder Y Movement

10G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-427: 8245 Shoulder Y Movement

10G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-428: 8295 Shoulder Y Movement

20G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-429: 8246 Shoulder Y Movement

20G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-430: 8247 Shoulder Y Movement
169

10G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-431: 8242 Shoulder Y Movement

10G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-432: 8294 Shoulder Y Movement

20G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-433: 8243 Shoulder Y Movement

20G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-434: 8296 Shoulder Y Movement
170

C.2.32 Chest Z Movement

10G 70ms -Y No Side Support

Figure C-2-435: 8239 Chest Z Movement

10G 70ms -Y No Head Support

Figure C-2-436: 8240 Chest Z Movement

10G 70ms -Y 100% Gap

Figure C-2-437: 8248 Chest Z Movement

10G 70ms -Y No Head Support

Figure C-2-438: 8241 Chest Z Movement

20G 70ms -Y 100% Gap

Figure C-2-439: 8249 Chest Z Movement
171

10G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-440: 8244 Chest Z Movement

10G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-441: 8245 Chest Z Movement

10G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-442: 8295 Chest Z Movement

20G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-443: 8246 Chest Z Movement

20G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-444: 8247 Chest Z Movement
172

10G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-445: 8242 Chest Z Movement

10G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-446: 8294 Chest Z Movement

20G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-447: 8243 Chest Z Movement

20G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-448: 8296 Chest Z Movement
173

C.2.33 Lumbar X Force

10G 70ms -Y No Side Support

Figure C-2-449: 8239 Lumbar X Force

10G 70ms -Y No Head Support

Figure C-2-450: 8240 Lumbar X Force

10G 70ms -Y 100% Gap

Figure C-2-451: 8248 Lumbar X Force

10G 70ms -Y No Head Support

Figure C-2-452: 8241 Lumbar X Force

20G 70ms -Y 100% Gap

Figure C-2-453: 8249 Lumbar X Force
174

10G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-454: 8244 Lumbar X Force

10G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-455: 8245 Lumbar X Force

10G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-456: 8295 Lumbar X Force

20G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-457: 8246 Lumbar X Force

20G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-458: 8247 Lumbar X Force
175

10G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-459: 8242 Lumbar X Force

10G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-460: 8294 Lumbar X Force

20G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-461: 8243 Lumbar X Force

20G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-462: 8296 Lumbar X Force
176

C.2.34 Lumbar Z Force

10G 70ms -Y No Side Support

Figure C-2-463: 8239 Lumbar Z Force

10G 70ms -Y No Head Support

Figure C-2-464: 8240 Lumbar Z Force

10G 70ms -Y 100% Gap

Figure C-2-465: 8248 Lumbar Z Force

10G 70ms -Y No Head Support

Figure C-2-466: 8241 Lumbar Z Force

20G 70ms -Y 100% Gap

Figure C-2-467: 8249 Lumbar Z Force
177

10G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-468: 8244 Lumbar Z Force

10G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-469: 8245 Lumbar Z Force

10G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-470: 8295 Lumbar Z Force

20G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-471: 8246 Lumbar Z Force

20G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-472: 8247 Lumbar Z Force
178

10G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-473: 8242 Lumbar Z Force

10G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-474: 8294 Lumbar Z Force

20G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-475: 8243 Lumbar Z Force

20G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-476: 8296 Lumbar Z Force
179

C.2.35 Lumbar Y Moment

10G 70ms -Y No Side Support

Figure C-2-477: 8239 Lumbar Y Moment

10G 70ms -Y No Head Support

Figure C-2-478: 8240 Lumbar Y Moment

10G 70ms -Y 100% Gap

Figure C-2-479: 8248 Lumbar Y Moment

10G 70ms -Y No Head Support

Figure C-2-480: 8241 Lumbar Y Moment

20G 70ms -Y 100% Gap

Figure C-2-481: 8249 Lumbar Y Moment
180

10G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-482: 8244 Lumbar Y Moment

10G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-483: 8245 Lumbar Y Moment

10G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-484: 8295 Lumbar Y Moment

20G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-485: 8246 Lumbar Y Moment

20G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-486: 8247 Lumbar Y Moment
181

10G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-487: 8242 Lumbar Y Moment

10G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-488: 8294 Lumbar Y Moment

20G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-489: 8243 Lumbar Y Moment

20G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-490: 8296 Lumbar Y Moment
182

C.2.36 Left Lap Belt Force

10G 70ms -Y No Side Support

Figure C-2-491: 8239 Left Lap Belt Force

10G 70ms -Y No Head Support

Figure C-2-492: 8240 Left Lap Belt Force

10G 70ms -Y 100% Gap

Figure C-2-493: 8248 Left Lap Belt Force

10G 70ms -Y No Head Support

Figure C-2-494: 8241 Left Lap Belt Force

20G 70ms -Y 100% Gap

Figure C-2-495: 8249 Left Lap Belt Force
183

10G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-496: 8244 Left Lap Belt Force

10G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-497: 8245 Left Lap Belt Force

10G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-498: 8295 Left Lap Belt Force

20G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-499: 8246 Left Lap Belt Force

20G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-500: 8247 Left Lap Belt Force
184

10G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-501: 8242 Left Lap Belt Force

10G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-502: 8294 Left Lap Belt Force

20G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-503: 8243 Left Lap Belt Force

20G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-504: 8296 Left Lap Belt Force
185

C.2.37 Right Lap Belt Force

10G 70ms -Y No Side Support

Figure C-2-505: 8239 Right Lap Belt Force

10G 70ms -Y No Head Support

Figure C-2-506: 8240 Right Lap Belt Force

10G 70ms -Y 100% Gap

Figure C-2-507: 8248 Right Lap Belt Force

10G 70ms -Y No Head Support

Figure C-2-508: 8241 Right Lap Belt Force

20G 70ms -Y 100% Gap

Figure C-2-509: 8249 Right Lap Belt Force
186

10G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-510: 8244 Right Lap Belt Force

10G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-511: 8245 Right Lap Belt Force

10G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-512: 8295 Right Lap Belt Force

20G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-513: 8246 Right Lap Belt Force

20G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-514: 8247 Right Lap Belt Force
187

10G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-515: 8242 Right Lap Belt Force

10G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-516: 8294 Right Lap Belt Force

20G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-517: 8243 Right Lap Belt Force

20G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-518: 8296 Right Lap Belt Force
188

C.2.38 Left Shoulder Belt Force

10G 70ms -Y No Side Support

Figure C-2-519: 8239 Left Shoulder Belt 

Force

10G 70ms -Y No Head Support

Figure C-2-520: 8240 Left Shoulder Belt 

Force

10G 70ms -Y 100% Gap

Figure C-2-521: 8248 Left Shoulder Belt 

Force

10G 70ms -Y No Head Support

Figure C-2-522: 8241 Left Shoulder Belt 

Force

20G 70ms -Y 100% Gap

Figure C-2-523: 8249 Left Shoulder Belt 

Force
189

10G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-524: 8244 Left Shoulder Belt 

Force

10G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-525: 8245 Left Shoulder Belt 

Force

10G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-526: 8295 Left Shoulder Belt 

Force

20G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-527: 8246 Left Shoulder Belt 

Force

20G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-528: 8247 Left Shoulder Belt 

Force
190

10G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-529: 8242 Left Shoulder Belt 

Force

10G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-530: 8294 Left Shoulder Belt 

Force

20G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-531: 8243 Left Shoulder Belt 

Force

20G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-532: 8296 Left Shoulder Belt 

Force
191

C.2.39 Right Shoulder Belt Force

10G 70ms -Y No Side Support

Figure C-2-533: 8239 Right Shoulder Belt 

Force

10G 70ms -Y No Head Support

Figure C-2-534: 8240 Right Shoulder Belt 

Force

10G 70ms -Y 100% Gap

Figure C-2-535: 8248 Right Shoulder Belt 

Force

10G 70ms -Y No Head Support

Figure C-2-536: 8241 Right Shoulder Belt 

Force

20G 70ms -Y 100% Gap

Figure C-2-537: 8249 Right Shoulder Belt 

Force
192

10G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-538: 8244 Right Shoulder Belt 

Force

10G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-539: 8245 Right Shoulder Belt 

Force

10G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-540: 8295 Right Shoulder Belt 

Force

20G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-541: 8246 Right Shoulder Belt 

Force

20G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-542: 8247 Right Shoulder Belt 

Force
193

10G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-543: 8242 Right Shoulder Belt 

Force

10G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-544: 8294 Right Shoulder Belt 

Force

20G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-545: 8243 Right Shoulder Belt 

Force

20G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-546: 8296 Right Shoulder Belt 

Force
194

C.2.40 Crotch Belt Force

10G 70ms -Y No Side Support

Figure C-2-547: 8239 Crotch Belt Force

10G 70ms -Y No Head Support

Figure C-2-548: 8240 Crotch Belt Force

10G 70ms -Y 100% Gap

Figure C-2-549: 8248 Crotch Belt Force

10G 70ms -Y No Head Support

Figure C-2-550: 8241 Crotch Belt Force

20G 70ms -Y 100% Gap

Figure C-2-551: 8249 Crotch Belt Force
195

10G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-552: 8244 Crotch Belt Force

10G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-553: 8245 Crotch Belt Force

10G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-554: 8295 Crotch Belt Force

20G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-555: 8246 Crotch Belt Force

20G 70ms -Y 50% Gap

Figure C-2-556: 8247 Crotch Belt Force
196

10G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-557: 8242 Crotch Belt Force

10G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-558: 8294 Crotch Belt Force

20G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-559: 8243 Crotch Belt Force

20G 70ms -Y No Gap

Figure C-2-560: 8296 Crotch Belt Force
197

C.3 Rear Impact

C.3.1 Seat Accelerations

10G 110ms +X

Figure C-3-1: 8196 Seat Accelerations

10G 70ms +X

Figure C-3-2: 8210 Seat Accelerations

10G 30ms +X

Figure C-3-3: 8194 Seat Accelerations

10G 110ms +X

Figure C-3-4: 8197 Seat Accelerations

10G 30ms +X

Figure C-3-5: 8195 Seat Accelerations
198

20G 70ms +X

Figure C-3-6: 8211 Seat Accelerations

20G 70ms +X

Figure C-3-7: 8212 Seat Accelerations
199

C.3.2 Dynamic Response Index

10G 110ms +X

Figure C-3-8: 8196 Dynamic Response Index

10G 70ms +X

Figure C-3-9: 8210 Dynamic Response Index

10G 30ms +X

Figure C-3-10: 8194 Dynamic Response 

Index

10G 110ms +X

Figure C-3-11: 8197 Dynamic Response 

Index

10G 30ms +X

Figure C-3-12: 8195 Dynamic Response 

Index
200

20G 70ms +X

Figure C-3-13: 8211 Dynamic Response 

Index

20G 70ms +X

Figure C-3-14: 8212 Dynamic Response 

Index
201

C.3.3 Head X Translational Acceleration

10G 110ms +X

Figure C-3-15: 8196 Head X Translational 

Acceleration

10G 70ms +X

Figure C-3-16: 8210 Head X Translational 

Acceleration

10G 30ms +X

Figure C-3-17: 8194 Head X Translational 

Acceleration

10G 110ms +X

Figure C-3-18: 8197 Head X Translational 

Acceleration

10G 30ms +X

Figure C-3-19: 8195 Head X Translational 

Acceleration
202

20G 70ms +X

Figure C-3-20: 8211 Head X Translational 

Acceleration

20G 70ms +X

Figure C-3-21: 8212 Head X Translational 

Acceleration
203

C.3.4 Head Y Translational Acceleration

10G 110ms +X

Figure C-3-22: 8196 Head Y Translational 

Acceleration

10G 70ms +X

Figure C-3-23: 8210 Head Y Translational 

Acceleration

10G 30ms +X

Figure C-3-24: 8194 Head Y Translational 

Acceleration

10G 110ms +X

Figure C-3-25: 8197 Head Y Translational 

Acceleration

10G 30ms +X

Figure C-3-26: 8195 Head Y Translational 

Acceleration
204

20G 70ms +X

Figure C-3-27: 8211 Head Y Translational 

Acceleration

20G 70ms +X

Figure C-3-28: 8212 Head Y Translational 

Acceleration
205

C.3.5 Head Z Translational Acceleration

10G 110ms +X

Figure C-3-29: 8196 Head Z Translational 

Acceleration

10G 70ms +X

Figure C-3-30: 8210 Head Z Translational 

Acceleration

10G 30ms +X

Figure C-3-31: 8194 Head Z Translational 

Acceleration

10G 110ms +X

Figure C-3-32: 8197 Head Z Translational 

Acceleration

10G 30ms +X

Figure C-3-33: 8195 Head Z Translational 

Acceleration
206

20G 70ms +X

Figure C-3-34: 8211 Head Z Translational 

Acceleration

20G 70ms +X

Figure C-3-35: 8212 Head Z Translational 

Acceleration
207

C.3.6 Head Resultant Translational Acceleration

10G 110ms +X

Figure C-3-36: 8196 Head Resultant 

Translational Acceleration

10G 70ms +X

Figure C-3-37: 8210 Head Resultant 

Translational Acceleration

10G 30ms +X

Figure C-3-38: 8194 Head Resultant 

Translational Acceleration

10G 110ms +X

Figure C-3-39: 8197 Head Resultant 

Translational Acceleration

10G 30ms +X

Figure C-3-40: 8195 Head Resultant 

Translational Acceleration
208

20G 70ms +X

Figure C-3-41: 8211 Head Resultant 

Translational Acceleration

20G 70ms +X

Figure C-3-42: 8212 Head Resultant 

Translational Acceleration
209

C.3.7 Head X Translational Velocity

10G 110ms +X

Figure C-3-43: 8196 Head X Translational 

Velocity

10G 70ms +X

Figure C-3-44: 8210 Head X Translational 

Velocity

10G 30ms +X

Figure C-3-45: 8194 Head X Translational 

Velocity

10G 110ms +X

Figure C-3-46: 8197 Head X Translational 

Velocity

10G 30ms +X

Figure C-3-47: 8195 Head X Translational 

Velocity
210

20G 70ms +X

Figure C-3-48: 8211 Head X Translational 

Velocity

20G 70ms +X

Figure C-3-49: 8212 Head X Translational 

Velocity
211

C.3.8 Head Y Translational Velocity

10G 110ms +X

Figure C-3-50: 8196 Head Y Translational 

Velocity

10G 70ms +X

Figure C-3-51: 8210 Head Y Translational 

Velocity

10G 30ms +X

Figure C-3-52: 8194 Head Y Translational 

Velocity

10G 110ms +X

Figure C-3-53: 8197 Head Y Translational 

Velocity

10G 30ms +X

Figure C-3-54: 8195 Head Y Translational 

Velocity
212

20G 70ms +X

Figure C-3-55: 8211 Head Y Translational 

Velocity

20G 70ms +X

Figure C-3-56: 8212 Head Y Translational 

Velocity
213

C.3.9 Head Z Translational Velocity

10G 110ms +X

Figure C-3-57: 8196 Head Z Translational 

Velocity

10G 70ms +X

Figure C-3-58: 8210 Head Z Translational 

Velocity

10G 30ms +X

Figure C-3-59: 8194 Head Z Translational 

Velocity

10G 110ms +X

Figure C-3-60: 8197 Head Z Translational 

Velocity

10G 30ms +X

Figure C-3-61: 8195 Head Z Translational 

Velocity
214

20G 70ms +X

Figure C-3-62: 8211 Head Z Translational 

Velocity

20G 70ms +X

Figure C-3-63: 8212 Head Z Translational 

Velocity
215

C.3.10 Head Resultant Translational Velocity

10G 110ms +X

Figure C-3-64: 8196 Head Resultant 

Translational Velocity

10G 70ms +X

Figure C-3-65: 8210 Head Resultant 

Translational Velocity

10G 30ms +X

Figure C-3-66: 8194 Head Resultant 

Translational Velocity

10G 110ms +X

Figure C-3-67: 8197 Head Resultant 

Translational Velocity

10G 30ms +X

Figure C-3-68: 8195 Head Resultant 

Translational Velocity
216

20G 70ms +X

Figure C-3-69: 8211 Head Resultant 

Translational Velocity

20G 70ms +X

Figure C-3-70: 8212 Head Resultant 

Translational Velocity
217

C.3.11 Head Y Rotational Acceleration

10G 110ms +X

Figure C-3-71: 8196 Head Y Rotational 

Acceleration

10G 70ms +X

Figure C-3-72: 8210 Head Y Rotational 

Acceleration

10G 30ms +X

Figure C-3-73: 8194 Head Y Rotational 

Acceleration

10G 110ms +X

Figure C-3-74: 8197 Head Y Rotational 

Acceleration

10G 30ms +X

Figure C-3-75: 8195 Head Y Rotational 

Acceleration
218

20G 70ms +X

Figure C-3-76: 8211 Head Y Rotational 

Acceleration

20G 70ms +X

Figure C-3-77: 8212 Head Y Rotational 

Acceleration
219

C.3.12 Head Y Rotational Velocity

10G 110ms +X

Figure C-3-78: 8196 Head Y Rotational 

Velocity

10G 70ms +X

Figure C-3-79: 8210 Head Y Rotational 

Velocity

10G 30ms +X

Figure C-3-80: 8194 Head Y Rotational 

Velocity

10G 110ms +X

Figure C-3-81: 8197 Head Y Rotational 

Velocity

10G 30ms +X

Figure C-3-82: 8195 Head Y Rotational 

Velocity
220

20G 70ms +X

Figure C-3-83: 8211 Head Y Rotational 

Velocity

20G 70ms +X

Figure C-3-84: 8212 Head Y Rotational 

Velocity
221

C.3.13 Head X Movement

10G 110ms +X

Figure C-3-85: 8196 Head X Movement

10G 70ms +X

Figure C-3-86: 8210 Head X Movement

10G 30ms +X

Figure C-3-87: 8194 Head X Movement

10G 110ms +X

Figure C-3-88: 8197 Head X Movement

10G 30ms +X

Figure C-3-89: 8195 Head X Movement
222

20G 70ms +X

Figure C-3-90: 8211 Head X Movement

20G 70ms +X

Figure C-3-91: 8212 Head X Movement
223

C.3.14 Head Y Movement

10G 110ms +X

Figure C-3-92: 8196 Head Y Movement

10G 70ms +X

Figure C-3-93: 8210 Head Y Movement

10G 30ms +X

Figure C-3-94: 8194 Head Y Movement

10G 110ms +X

Figure C-3-95: 8197 Head Y Movement

10G 30ms +X

Figure C-3-96: 8195 Head Y Movement
224

20G 70ms +X

Figure C-3-97: 8211 Head Y Movement

20G 70ms +X

Figure C-3-98: 8212 Head Y Movement
225

C.3.15 Head Z Movement

10G 110ms +X

Figure C-3-99: 8196 Head Z Movement

10G 70ms +X

Figure C-3-100: 8210 Head Z Movement

10G 30ms +X

Figure C-3-101: 8194 Head Z Movement

10G 110ms +X

Figure C-3-102: 8197 Head Z Movement

10G 30ms +X

Figure C-3-103: 8195 Head Z Movement
226

20G 70ms +X

Figure C-3-104: 8211 Head Z Movement

20G 70ms +X

Figure C-3-105: 8212 Head Z Movement
227

C.3.16 HIC 15

10G 110ms +X

Figure C-3-106: 8196 HIC 15

10G 70ms +X

Figure C-3-107: 8210 HIC 15

10G 30ms +X

Figure C-3-108: 8194 HIC 15

10G 110ms +X

Figure C-3-109: 8197 HIC 15

10G 30ms +X

Figure C-3-110: 8195 HIC 15
228

20G 70ms +X

Figure C-3-111: 8211 HIC 15

20G 70ms +X

Figure C-3-112: 8212 HIC 15
229

C.3.17 HIC 36

10G 110ms +X

Figure C-3-113: 8196 HIC 36

10G 70ms +X

Figure C-3-114: 8210 HIC 36

10G 30ms +X

Figure C-3-115: 8194 HIC 36

10G 110ms +X

Figure C-3-116: 8197 HIC 36

10G 30ms +X

Figure C-3-117: 8195 HIC 36
230

20G 70ms +X

Figure C-3-118: 8211 HIC 36

20G 70ms +X

Figure C-3-119: 8212 HIC 36
231

C.3.18 Neck X Force

10G 110ms +X

Figure C-3-120: 8196 Neck X Force

10G 70ms +X

Figure C-3-121: 8210 Neck X Force

10G 30ms +X

Figure C-3-122: 8194 Neck X Force

10G 110ms +X

Figure C-3-123: 8197 Neck X Force

10G 30ms +X

Figure C-3-124: 8195 Neck X Force
232

20G 70ms +X

Figure C-3-125: 8211 Neck X Force

20G 70ms +X

Figure C-3-126: 8212 Neck X Force
233

C.3.19 Neck Y Force

10G 110ms +X

Figure C-3-127: 8196 Neck Y Force

10G 70ms +X

Figure C-3-128: 8210 Neck Y Force

10G 30ms +X

Figure C-3-129: 8194 Neck Y Force

10G 110ms +X

Figure C-3-130: 8197 Neck Y Force

10G 30ms +X

Figure C-3-131: 8195 Neck Y Force
234

20G 70ms +X

Figure C-3-132: 8211 Neck Y Force

20G 70ms +X

Figure C-3-133: 8212 Neck Y Force
235

C.3.20 Neck Z Force

10G 110ms +X

Figure C-3-134: 8196 Neck Z Force

10G 70ms +X

Figure C-3-135: 8210 Neck Z Force

10G 30ms +X

Figure C-3-136: 8194 Neck Z Force

10G 110ms +X

Figure C-3-137: 8197 Neck Z Force

10G 30ms +X

Figure C-3-138: 8195 Neck Z Force
236

20G 70ms +X

Figure C-3-139: 8211 Neck Z Force

20G 70ms +X

Figure C-3-140: 8212 Neck Z Force
237

C.3.21 Neck X Moment

10G 110ms +X

Figure C-3-141: 8196 Neck X Moment

10G 70ms +X

Figure C-3-142: 8210 Neck X Moment

10G 30ms +X

Figure C-3-143: 8194 Neck X Moment

10G 110ms +X

Figure C-3-144: 8197 Neck X Moment

10G 30ms +X

Figure C-3-145: 8195 Neck X Moment
238

20G 70ms +X

Figure C-3-146: 8211 Neck X Moment

20G 70ms +X

Figure C-3-147: 8212 Neck X Moment
239

C.3.22 Neck Y Moment

10G 110ms +X

Figure C-3-148: 8196 Neck Y Moment

10G 70ms +X

Figure C-3-149: 8210 Neck Y Moment

10G 30ms +X

Figure C-3-150: 8194 Neck Y Moment

10G 110ms +X

Figure C-3-151: 8197 Neck Y Moment

10G 30ms +X

Figure C-3-152: 8195 Neck Y Moment
240

20G 70ms +X

Figure C-3-153: 8211 Neck Y Moment

20G 70ms +X

Figure C-3-154: 8212 Neck Y Moment
241

C.3.23 Neck Z Moment

10G 110ms +X

Figure C-3-155: 8196 Neck Z Moment

10G 70ms +X

Figure C-3-156: 8210 Neck Z Moment

10G 30ms +X

Figure C-3-157: 8194 Neck Z Moment

10G 110ms +X

Figure C-3-158: 8197 Neck Z Moment

10G 30ms +X

Figure C-3-159: 8195 Neck Z Moment
242

20G 70ms +X

Figure C-3-160: 8211 Neck Z Moment

20G 70ms +X

Figure C-3-161: 8212 Neck Z Moment
243

C.3.24 Nij

10G 110ms +X

Figure C-3-162: 8196 Nij

10G 70ms +X

Figure C-3-163: 8210 Nij

10G 30ms +X

Figure C-3-164: 8194 Nij

10G 110ms +X

Figure C-3-165: 8197 Nij

10G 30ms +X

Figure C-3-166: 8195 Nij
244

20G 70ms +X

Figure C-3-167: 8211 Nij

20G 70ms +X

Figure C-3-168: 8212 Nij
245

C.3.25 Nkm

10G 110ms +X

Figure C-3-169: 8196 Nkm

10G 70ms +X

Figure C-3-170: 8210 Nkm

10G 30ms +X

Figure C-3-171: 8194 Nkm

10G 110ms +X

Figure C-3-172: 8197 Nkm

10G 30ms +X

Figure C-3-173: 8195 Nkm
246

20G 70ms +X

Figure C-3-174: 8211 Nkm

20G 70ms +X

Figure C-3-175: 8212 Nkm
247

C.3.26 Chest X Acceleration

10G 110ms +X

Figure C-3-176: 8196 Chest X Acceleration

10G 70ms +X

Figure C-3-177: 8210 Chest X Acceleration

10G 30ms +X

Figure C-3-178: 8194 Chest X Acceleration

10G 110ms +X

Figure C-3-179: 8197 Chest X Acceleration

10G 30ms +X

Figure C-3-180: 8195 Chest X Acceleration
248

20G 70ms +X

Figure C-3-181: 8211 Chest X Acceleration

20G 70ms +X

Figure C-3-182: 8212 Chest X Acceleration
249

C.3.27 Chest Y Acceleration

10G 110ms +X

Figure C-3-183: 8196 Chest Y Acceleration

10G 70ms +X

Figure C-3-184: 8210 Chest Y Acceleration

10G 30ms +X

Figure C-3-185: 8194 Chest Y Acceleration

10G 110ms +X

Figure C-3-186: 8197 Chest Y Acceleration

10G 30ms +X

Figure C-3-187: 8195 Chest Y Acceleration
250

20G 70ms +X

Figure C-3-188: 8211 Chest Y Acceleration

20G 70ms +X

Figure C-3-189: 8212 Chest Y Acceleration
251

C.3.28 Chest Z Acceleration

10G 110ms +X

Figure C-3-190: 8196 Chest Z Acceleration

10G 70ms +X

Figure C-3-191: 8210 Chest Z Acceleration

10G 30ms +X

Figure C-3-192: 8194 Chest Z Acceleration

10G 110ms +X

Figure C-3-193: 8197 Chest Z Acceleration

10G 30ms +X

Figure C-3-194: 8195 Chest Z Acceleration
252

20G 70ms +X

Figure C-3-195: 8211 Chest Z Acceleration

20G 70ms +X

Figure C-3-196: 8212 Chest Z Acceleration
253

C.3.29 Chest Resultant Acceleration

10G 110ms +X

Figure C-3-197: 8196 Chest Resultant 

Acceleration

10G 70ms +X

Figure C-3-198: 8210 Chest Resultant 

Acceleration

10G 30ms +X

Figure C-3-199: 8194 Chest Resultant 

Acceleration

10G 110ms +X

Figure C-3-200: 8197 Chest Resultant 

Acceleration

10G 30ms +X

Figure C-3-201: 8195 Chest Resultant 

Acceleration
254

20G 70ms +X

Figure C-3-202: 8211 Chest Resultant 

Acceleration

20G 70ms +X

Figure C-3-203: 8212 Chest Resultant 

Acceleration
255

C.3.30 Chest X Movement

10G 110ms +X

Figure C-3-204: 8196 Chest X Movement

10G 70ms +X

Figure C-3-205: 8210 Chest X Movement

10G 30ms +X

Figure C-3-206: 8194 Chest X Movement

10G 110ms +X

Figure C-3-207: 8197 Chest X Movement

10G 30ms +X

Figure C-3-208: 8195 Chest X Movement
256

20G 70ms +X

Figure C-3-209: 8211 Chest X Movement

20G 70ms +X

Figure C-3-210: 8212 Chest X Movement
257

C.3.31 Shoulder Y Movement

10G 110ms +X

Figure C-3-211: 8196 Shoulder Y Movement

10G 70ms +X

Figure C-3-212: 8210 Shoulder Y Movement

10G 30ms +X

Figure C-3-213: 8194 Shoulder Y Movement

10G 110ms +X

Figure C-3-214: 8197 Shoulder Y Movement

10G 30ms +X

Figure C-3-215: 8195 Shoulder Y Movement
258

20G 70ms +X

Figure C-3-216: 8211 Shoulder Y Movement

20G 70ms +X

Figure C-3-217: 8212 Shoulder Y Movement
259

C.3.32 Chest Z Movement

10G 110ms +X

Figure C-3-218: 8196 Chest Z Movement

10G 70ms +X

Figure C-3-219: 8210 Chest Z Movement

10G 30ms +X

Figure C-3-220: 8194 Chest Z Movement

10G 110ms +X

Figure C-3-221: 8197 Chest Z Movement

10G 30ms +X

Figure C-3-222: 8195 Chest Z Movement
260

20G 70ms +X

Figure C-3-223: 8211 Chest Z Movement

20G 70ms +X

Figure C-3-224: 8212 Chest Z Movement
261

C.3.33 Lumbar X Force

10G 110ms +X

Figure C-3-225: 8196 Lumbar X Force

10G 70ms +X

Figure C-3-226: 8210 Lumbar X Force

10G 30ms +X

Figure C-3-227: 8194 Lumbar X Force

10G 110ms +X

Figure C-3-228: 8197 Lumbar X Force

10G 30ms +X

Figure C-3-229: 8195 Lumbar X Force
262

20G 70ms +X

Figure C-3-230: 8211 Lumbar X Force

20G 70ms +X

Figure C-3-231: 8212 Lumbar X Force
263

C.3.34 Lumbar Z Force

10G 110ms +X

Figure C-3-232: 8196 Lumbar Z Force

10G 70ms +X

Figure C-3-233: 8210 Lumbar Z Force

10G 30ms +X

Figure C-3-234: 8194 Lumbar Z Force

10G 110ms +X

Figure C-3-235: 8197 Lumbar Z Force

10G 30ms +X

Figure C-3-236: 8195 Lumbar Z Force
264

20G 70ms +X

Figure C-3-237: 8211 Lumbar Z Force

20G 70ms +X

Figure C-3-238: 8212 Lumbar Z Force
265

C.3.35 Lumbar Y Moment

10G 110ms +X

Figure C-3-239: 8196 Lumbar Y Moment

10G 70ms +X

Figure C-3-240: 8210 Lumbar Y Moment

10G 30ms +X

Figure C-3-241: 8194 Lumbar Y Moment

10G 110ms +X

Figure C-3-242: 8197 Lumbar Y Moment

10G 30ms +X

Figure C-3-243: 8195 Lumbar Y Moment
266

20G 70ms +X

Figure C-3-244: 8211 Lumbar Y Moment

20G 70ms +X

Figure C-3-245: 8212 Lumbar Y Moment
267

C.3.36 Left Lap Belt Force

10G 110ms +X

Figure C-3-246: 8196 Left Lap Belt Force

10G 70ms +X

Figure C-3-247: 8210 Left Lap Belt Force

10G 30ms +X

Figure C-3-248: 8194 Left Lap Belt Force

10G 110ms +X

Figure C-3-249: 8197 Left Lap Belt Force

10G 30ms +X

Figure C-3-250: 8195 Left Lap Belt Force
268

20G 70ms +X

Figure C-3-251: 8211 Left Lap Belt Force

20G 70ms +X

Figure C-3-252: 8212 Left Lap Belt Force
269

C.3.37 Right Lap Belt Force

10G 110ms +X

Figure C-3-253: 8196 Right Lap Belt Force

10G 70ms +X

Figure C-3-254: 8210 Right Lap Belt Force

10G 30ms +X

Figure C-3-255: 8194 Right Lap Belt Force

10G 110ms +X

Figure C-3-256: 8197 Right Lap Belt Force

10G 30ms +X

Figure C-3-257: 8195 Right Lap Belt Force
270

20G 70ms +X

Figure C-3-258: 8211 Right Lap Belt Force

20G 70ms +X

Figure C-3-259: 8212 Right Lap Belt Force
271

C.3.38 Left Shoulder Belt Force

10G 110ms +X

Figure C-3-260: 8196 Left Shoulder Belt 

Force

10G 70ms +X

Figure C-3-261: 8210 Left Shoulder Belt 

Force

10G 30ms +X

Figure C-3-262: 8194 Left Shoulder Belt 

Force

10G 110ms +X

Figure C-3-263: 8197 Left Shoulder Belt 

Force

10G 30ms +X

Figure C-3-264: 8195 Left Shoulder Belt 

Force
272

20G 70ms +X

Figure C-3-265: 8211 Left Shoulder Belt 

Force

20G 70ms +X

Figure C-3-266: 8212 Left Shoulder Belt 

Force
273

C.3.39 Right Shoulder Belt Force

10G 110ms +X

Figure C-3-267: 8196 Right Shoulder Belt 

Force

10G 70ms +X

Figure C-3-268: 8210 Right Shoulder Belt 

Force

10G 30ms +X

Figure C-3-269: 8194 Right Shoulder Belt 

Force

10G 110ms +X

Figure C-3-270: 8197 Right Shoulder Belt 

Force

10G 30ms +X

Figure C-3-271: 8195 Right Shoulder Belt 

Force
274

20G 70ms +X

Figure C-3-272: 8211 Right Shoulder Belt 

Force

20G 70ms +X

Figure C-3-273: 8212 Right Shoulder Belt 

Force
275

C.3.40 Crotch Belt Force

10G 110ms +X

Figure C-3-274: 8196 Crotch Belt Force

10G 70ms +X

Figure C-3-275: 8210 Crotch Belt Force

10G 30ms +X

Figure C-3-276: 8194 Crotch Belt Force

10G 110ms +X

Figure C-3-277: 8197 Crotch Belt Force

10G 30ms +X

Figure C-3-278: 8195 Crotch Belt Force
276

20G 70ms +X

Figure C-3-279: 8211 Crotch Belt Force

20G 70ms +X

Figure C-3-280: 8212 Crotch Belt Force
277

C.4 Spinal Impact

C.4.1 Seat Acceleration

10G 110ms +Z

Figure C-4-1: 8198 Seat Accelerations

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-2: 8207 Seat Accelerations

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-3: 8209 Seat Accelerations

10G 110ms +Z

Figure C-4-4: 8199 Seat Accelerations

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-5: 8208 Seat Accelerations

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-6: 8258 Seat Accelerations
278

10G 30ms +Z

Figure C-4-7: 8193 Seat Accelerations

15G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-8: 8257 Seat Accelerations

20G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-9: 8206 Seat Accelerations
279

C.4.2 Dynamic Response Index

10G 110ms +Z

Figure C-4-10: 8198 Dynamic Response 

Index

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-11: 8207 Dynamic Response 

Index

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-12: 8209 Dynamic Response 

Index

10G 110ms +Z

Figure C-4-13: 8199 Dynamic Response 

Index

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-14: 8208 Dynamic Response 

Index

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-15: 8258 Dynamic Response 

Index
280

10G 30ms +Z

Figure C-4-16: 8193 Dynamic Response 

Index

15G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-17: 8257 Dynamic Response 

Index

20G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-18: 8206 Dynamic Response 

Index
281

C.4.3 Head X Translational Acceleration

10G 110ms +Z

Figure C-4-19: 8198 Head X Translational 

Acceleration

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-20: 8207 Head X Translational 

Acceleration

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-21: 8209 Head X Translational 

Acceleration

10G 110ms +Z

Figure C-4-22: 8199 Head X Translational 

Acceleration

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-23: 8208 Head X Translational 

Acceleration

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-24: 8258 Head X Translational 

Acceleration
282

10G 30ms +Z

Figure C-4-25: 8193 Head X Translational 

Acceleration

15G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-26: 8257 Head X Translational 

Acceleration

20G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-27: 8206 Head X Translational 

Acceleration
283

C.4.4 Head Y Translational Acceleration

10G 110ms +Z

Figure C-4-28: 8198 Head Y Translational 

Acceleration

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-29: 8207 Head Y Translational 

Acceleration

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-30: 8209 Head Y Translational 

Acceleration

10G 110ms +Z

Figure C-4-31: 8199 Head Y Translational 

Acceleration

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-32: 8208 Head Y Translational 

Acceleration

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-33: 8258 Head Y Translational 

Acceleration
284

10G 30ms +Z

Figure C-4-34: 8193 Head Y Translational 

Acceleration

15G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-35: 8257 Head Y Translational 

Acceleration

20G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-36: 8206 Head Y Translational 

Acceleration
285

C.4.5 Head Z Translational Acceleration

10G 110ms +Z

Figure C-4-37: 8198 Head Z Translational 

Acceleration

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-38: 8207 Head Z Translational 

Acceleration

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-39: 8209 Head Z Translational 

Acceleration

10G 110ms +Z

Figure C-4-40: 8199 Head Z Translational 

Acceleration

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-41: 8208 Head Z Translational 

Acceleration

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-42: 8258 Head Z Translational 

Acceleration
286

10G 30ms +Z

Figure C-4-43: 8193 Head Z Translational 

Acceleration

15G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-44: 8257 Head Z Translational 

Acceleration

20G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-45: 8206 Head Z Translational 

Acceleration
287

C.4.6 Head Resultant Translational Acceleration

10G 110ms +Z

Figure C-4-46: 8198 Head Resultant 

Translational Acceleration

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-47: 8207 Head Resultant 

Translational Acceleration

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-48: 8209 Head Resultant 

Translational Acceleration

10G 110ms +Z

Figure C-4-49: 8199 Head Resultant 

Translational Acceleration

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-50: 8208 Head Resultant 

Translational Acceleration

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-51: 8258 Head Resultant 

Translational Acceleration
288

10G 30ms +Z

Figure C-4-52: 8193 Head Resultant 

Translational Acceleration

15G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-53: 8257 Head Resultant 

Translational Acceleration

20G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-54: 8206 Head Resultant 

Translational Acceleration
289

C.4.7 Head X Translational Velocity

10G 110ms +Z

Figure C-4-55: 8198 Head X Translational 

Velocity

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-56: 8207 Head X Translational 

Velocity

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-57: 8209 Head X Translational 

Velocity

10G 110ms +Z

Figure C-4-58: 8199 Head X Translational 

Velocity

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-59: 8208 Head X Translational 

Velocity

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-60: 8258 Head X Translational 

Velocity
290

10G 30ms +Z

Figure C-4-61: 8193 Head X Translational 

Velocity

15G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-62: 8257 Head X Translational 

Velocity

20G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-63: 8206 Head X Translational 

Velocity
291

C.4.8 Head Y Translational Velocity

10G 110ms +Z

Figure C-4-64: 8198 Head Y Translational 

Velocity

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-65: 8207 Head Y Translational 

Velocity

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-66: 8209 Head Y Translational 

Velocity

10G 110ms +Z

Figure C-4-67: 8199 Head Y Translational 

Velocity

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-68: 8208 Head Y Translational 

Velocity

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-69: 8258 Head Y Translational 

Velocity
292

10G 30ms +Z

Figure C-4-70: 8193 Head Y Translational 

Velocity

15G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-71: 8257 Head Y Translational 

Velocity

20G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-72: 8206 Head Y Translational 

Velocity
293

C.4.9 Head Z Translational Velocity

10G 110ms +Z

Figure C-4-73: 8198 Head Z Translational 

Velocity

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-74: 8207 Head Z Translational 

Velocity

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-75: 8209 Head Z Translational 

Velocity

10G 110ms +Z

Figure C-4-76: 8199 Head Z Translational 

Velocity

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-77: 8208 Head Z Translational 

Velocity

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-78: 8258 Head Z Translational 

Velocity
294

10G 30ms +Z

Figure C-4-79: 8193 Head Z Translational 

Velocity

15G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-80: 8257 Head Z Translational 

Velocity

20G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-81: 8206 Head Z Translational 

Velocity
295

C.4.10 Head Resultant Translational Velocity

10G 110ms +Z

Figure C-4-82: 8198 Head Resultant 

Translational Velocity

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-83: 8207 Head Resultant 

Translational Velocity

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-84: 8209 Head Resultant 

Translational Velocity

10G 110ms +Z

Figure C-4-85: 8199 Head Resultant 

Translational Velocity

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-86: 8208 Head Resultant 

Translational Velocity

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-87: 8258 Head Resultant 

Translational Velocity
296

10G 30ms +Z

Figure C-4-88: 8193 Head Resultant 

Translational Velocity

15G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-89: 8257 Head Resultant 

Translational Velocity

20G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-90: 8206 Head Resultant 

Translational Velocity
297

C.4.11 Head Y Rotational Acceleration

10G 110ms +Z

Figure C-4-91: 8198 Head Y Rotational 

Acceleration

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-92: 8207 Head Y Rotational 

Acceleration

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-93: 8209 Head Y Rotational 

Acceleration

10G 110ms +Z

Figure C-4-94: 8199 Head Y Rotational 

Acceleration

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-95: 8208 Head Y Rotational 

Acceleration

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-96: 8258 Head Y Rotational 

Acceleration
298

10G 30ms +Z

Figure C-4-97: 8193 Head Y Rotational 

Acceleration

15G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-98: 8257 Head Y Rotational 

Acceleration

20G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-99: 8206 Head Y Rotational 

Acceleration
299

C.4.12 Head Y Rotational Velocity

10G 110ms +Z

Figure C-4-100: 8198 Head Y Rotational 

Velocity

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-101: 8207 Head Y Rotational 

Velocity

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-102: 8209 Head Y Rotational 

Velocity

10G 110ms +Z

Figure C-4-103: 8199 Head Y Rotational 

Velocity

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-104: 8208 Head Y Rotational 

Velocity

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-105: 8258 Head Y Rotational 

Velocity
300

10G 30ms +Z

Figure C-4-106: 8193 Head Y Rotational 

Velocity

15G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-107: 8257 Head Y Rotational 

Velocity

20G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-108: 8206 Head Y Rotational 

Velocity
301

C.4.13 Head X Movement

10G 110ms +Z

Figure C-4-109: 8198 Head X Movement

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-110: 8207 Head X Movement

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-111: 8209 Head X Movement

10G 110ms +Z

Figure C-4-112: 8199 Head X Movement

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-113: 8208 Head X Movement

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-114: 8258 Head X Movement
302

10G 30ms +Z

Figure C-4-115: 8193 Head X Movement

15G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-116: 8257 Head X Movement

20G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-117: 8206 Head X Movement
303

C.4.14 Head Y Movement

10G 110ms +Z

Figure C-4-118: 8198 Head Y Movement

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-119: 8207 Head Y Movement

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-120: 8209 Head Y Movement

10G 110ms +Z

Figure C-4-121: 8199 Head Y Movement

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-122: 8208 Head Y Movement

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-123: 8258 Head Y Movement
304

10G 30ms +Z

Figure C-4-124: 8193 Head Y Movement

15G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-125: 8257 Head Y Movement

20G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-126: 8206 Head Y Movement
305

C.4.15 Head Z Movement

10G 110ms +Z

Figure C-4-127: 8198 Head Z Movement

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-128: 8207 Head Z Movement

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-129: 8209 Head Z Movement

10G 110ms +Z

Figure C-4-130: 8199 Head Z Movement

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-131: 8208 Head Z Movement

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-132: 8258 Head Z Movement
306

10G 30ms +Z

Figure C-4-133: 8193 Head Z Movement

15G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-134: 8257 Head Z Movement

20G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-135: 8206 Head Z Movement
307

C.4.16 HIC 15

10G 110ms +Z

Figure C-4-136: 8198 HIC 15

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-137: 8207 HIC 15

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-138: 8209 HIC 15

10G 110ms +Z

Figure C-4-139: 8199 HIC 15

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-140: 8208 HIC 15

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-141: 8258 HIC 15
308

10G 30ms +Z

Figure C-4-142: 8193 HIC 15

15G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-143: 8257 HIC 15

20G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-144: 8206 HIC 15
309

C.4.17 HIC 36

10G 110ms +Z

Figure C-4-145: 8198 HIC 36

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-146: 8207 HIC 36

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-147: 8209 HIC 36

10G 110ms +Z

Figure C-4-148: 8199 HIC 36

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-149: 8208 HIC 36

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-150: 8258 HIC 36
310

10G 30ms +Z

Figure C-4-151: 8193 HIC 36

15G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-152: 8257 HIC 36

20G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-153: 8206 HIC 36
311

C.4.18 Neck X Force

10G 110ms +Z

Figure C-4-154: 8198 Neck X Force

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-155: 8207 Neck X Force

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-156: 8209 Neck X Force

10G 110ms +Z

Figure C-4-157: 8199 Neck X Force

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-158: 8208 Neck X Force

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-159: 8258 Neck X Force
312

10G 30ms +Z

Figure C-4-160: 8193 Neck X Force

15G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-161: 8257 Neck X Force

20G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-162: 8206 Neck X Force
313

C.4.19 Neck Y Force

10G 110ms +Z

Figure C-4-163: 8198 Neck Y Force

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-164: 8207 Neck Y Force

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-165: 8209 Neck Y Force

10G 110ms +Z

Figure C-4-166: 8199 Neck Y Force

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-167: 8208 Neck Y Force

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-168: 8258 Neck Y Force
314

10G 30ms +Z

Figure C-4-169: 8193 Neck Y 

Force

15G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-170: 8257 Neck Y Force

20G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-171: 8206 Neck Y Force
315

C.4.20 Neck Z Force

10G 110ms +Z

Figure C-4-172: 8198 Neck Z Force

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-173: 8207 Neck Z Force

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-174: 8209 Neck Z Force

10G 110ms +Z

Figure C-4-175: 8199 Neck Z Force

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-176: 8208 Neck Z Force

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-177: 8258 Neck Z Force
316

10G 30ms +Z

Figure C-4-178: 8193 Neck Z Force

15G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-179: 8257 Neck Z Force

20G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-180: 8206 Neck Z Force
317

C.4.21 Neck X Moment

10G 110ms +Z

Figure C-4-181: 8198 Neck X Moment

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-182: 8207 Neck X Moment

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-183: 8209 Neck X Moment

10G 110ms +Z

Figure C-4-184: 8199 Neck X Moment

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-185: 8208 Neck X Moment

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-186: 8258 Neck X Moment
318

10G 30ms +Z

Figure C-4-187: 8193 Neck X Moment

15G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-188: 8257 Neck X Moment

20G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-189: 8206 Neck X Moment
319

C.4.22 Neck Y Moment

10G 110ms +Z

Figure C-4-190: 8198 Neck Y Moment

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-191: 8207 Neck Y Moment

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-192: 8209 Neck Y Moment

10G 110ms +Z

Figure C-4-193: 8199 Neck Y Moment

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-194: 8208 Neck Y Moment

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-195: 8258 Neck Y Moment
320

10G 30ms +Z

Figure C-4-196: 8193 Neck Y Moment

15G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-197: 8257 Neck Y Moment

20G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-198: 8206 Neck Y Moment
321

C.4.23 Neck Z Moment

10G 110ms +Z

Figure C-4-199: 8198 Neck Z Moment

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-200: 8207 Neck Z Moment

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-201: 8209 Neck Z Moment

10G 110ms +Z

Figure C-4-202: 8199 Neck Z Moment

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-203: 8208 Neck Z Moment

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-204: 8258 Neck Z Moment
322

10G 30ms +Z

Figure C-4-205: 8193 Neck Z Moment

15G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-206: 8257 Neck Z Moment

20G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-207: 8206 Neck Z Moment
323

C.4.24 Nij

10G 110ms +Z

Figure C-4-208: 8198 Nij

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-209: 8207 Nij

1

0G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-210: 8209 Nij

10G 110ms +Z

Figure C-4-211: 8199 Nij

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-212: 8208 Nij

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-213: 8258 Nij
324

10G 30ms +Z

Figure C-4-214: 8193 Nij

15G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-215: 8257 Nij

20G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-216: 8206 Nij
325

C.4.25 Nkm

10G 110ms +Z

Figure C-4-217: 8198 Nkm

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-218: 8207 Nkm

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-219: 8209 Nkm

10G 110ms +Z

Figure C-4-220: 8199 Nkm

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-221: 8208 Nkm

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-222: 8258 Nkm
326

10G 30ms +Z

Figure C-4-223: 8193 Nkm

15G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-224: 8257 Nkm

20G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-225: 8206 Nkm
327

C.4.26 Chest X Acceleration

10G 110ms +Z

Figure C-4-226: 8198 Chest X Acceleration

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-227: 8207 Chest X Acceleration

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-228: 8209 Chest X Acceleration

10G 110ms +Z

Figure C-4-229: 8199 Chest X Acceleration

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-230: 8208 Chest X Acceleration

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-231: 8258 Chest X Acceleration
328

10G 30ms +Z

Figure C-4-232: 8193 Chest X Acceleration

15G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-233: 8257 Chest X Acceleration

20G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-234: 8206 Chest X Acceleration
329

C.4.27 Chest Y Acceleration

10G 110ms +Z

Figure C-4-235: 8198 Chest Y Acceleration

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-236: 8207 Chest Y Acceleration

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-237: 8209 Chest Y Acceleration

10G 110ms +Z

Figure C-4-238: 8199 Chest Y Acceleration

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-239: 8208 Chest Y Acceleration

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-240: 8258 Chest Y Acceleration
330

10G 30ms +Z

Figure C-4-241: 8193 Chest Y Acceleration

15G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-242: 8257 Chest Y Acceleration

20G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-243: 8206 Chest Y Acceleration
331

C.4.28 Chest Z Acceleration

10G 110ms +Z

Figure C-4-244: 8198 Chest Z Acceleration

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-245: 8207 Chest Z Acceleration

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-246: 8209 Chest Z Acceleration

10G 110ms +Z

Figure C-4-247: 8199 Chest Z Acceleration

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-248: 8208 Chest Z Acceleration

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-249: 8258 Chest Z Acceleration
332

10G 30ms +Z

Figure C-4-250: 8193 Chest Z Acceleration

15G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-251: 8257 Chest Z Acceleration

20G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-252: 8206 Chest Z Acceleration
333

C.4.29 Chest Resultant Acceleration

10G 110ms +Z

Figure C-4-253: 8198 Chest Resultant Acceleration

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-254: 8207 Chest Resultant Acceleration

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-255: 8209 Chest Resultant Acceleration

10G 110ms +Z

Figure C-4-256: 8199 Chest Resultant Acceleration

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-257: 8208 Chest Resultant Acceleration

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-258: 8258 Chest Resultant Acceleration
334

10G 30ms +Z

Figure C-4-259: 8193 Chest Resultant Acceleration

15G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-260: 8257 Chest Resultant Acceleration

20G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-261: 8206 Chest Resultant Acceleration
335

C.4.30 Chest X Movement

10G 110ms +Z

Figure C-4-262: 8198 Chest X Movement

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-263: 8207 Chest X Movement

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-264: 8209 Chest X Movement

10G 110ms +Z

Figure C-4-265: 8199 Chest X Movement

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-266: 8208 Chest X Movement

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-267: 8258 Chest X Movement
336

10G 30ms +Z

Figure C-4-268: 8193 Chest X Movement

15G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-269: 8257 Chest X Movement

20G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-270: 8206 Chest X Movement
337

C.4.31 Shoulder Y Movement

10G 110ms +Z

Figure C-4-271: 8198 Shoulder Y Movement

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-272: 8207 Shoulder Y Movement

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-273: 8209 Shoulder Y Movement

10G 110ms +Z

Figure C-4-274: 8199 Shoulder Y Movement

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-275: 8208 Shoulder Y Movement

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-276: 8258 Shoulder Y Movement
338

10G 30ms +Z

Figure C-4-277: 8193 Shoulder Y Movement

15G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-278: 8257 Shoulder Y Movement

20G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-279: 8206 Shoulder Y Movement
339

C.4.32 Chest Z Movement

10G 110ms +Z

Figure C-4-280: 8198 Chest Z Movement

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-281: 8207 Chest Z Movement

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-282: 8209 Chest Z Movement

10G 110ms +Z

Figure C-4-283: 8199 Chest Z Movement

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-284: 8208 Chest Z Movement

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-285: 8258 Chest Z Movement
340

10G 30ms +Z

Figure C-4-286: 8193 Chest Z Movement

15G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-287: 8257 Chest Z Movement

20G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-288: 8206 Chest Z Movement
341

C.4.33 Lumbar X Force

10G 110ms +Z

Figure C-4-289: 8198 Lumbar X Force

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-290: 8207 Lumbar X Force

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-291: 8209 Lumbar X Force

10G 110ms +Z

Figure C-4-292: 8199 Lumbar X Force

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-293: 8208 Lumbar X Force

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-294: 8258 Lumbar X Force
342

10G 30ms +Z

Figure C-4-295: 8193 Lumbar X Force

15G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-296: 8257 Lumbar X Force

20G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-297: 8206 Lumbar X Force
343

C.4.34 Lumbar Z Force

10G 110ms +Z

Figure C-4-298: 8198 Lumbar Z Force

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-299: 8207 Lumbar Z Force

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-300: 8209 Lumbar Z Force

10G 110ms +Z

Figure C-4-301: 8199 Lumbar Z Force

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-302: 8208 Lumbar Z Force

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-303: 8258 Lumbar Z Force
344

10G 30ms +Z

Figure C-4-304: 8193 Lumbar Z Force

15G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-305: 8257 Lumbar Z Force

20G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-306: 8206 Lumbar Z Force
345

C.4.35 Lumbar Y Moment

10G 110ms +Z

Figure C-4-307: 8198 Lumbar Y Moment

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-308: 8207 Lumbar Y Moment

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-309: 8209 Lumbar Y Moment

10G 110ms +Z

Figure C-4-310: 8199 Lumbar Y Moment

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-311: 8208 Lumbar Y Moment

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-312: 8258 Lumbar Y Moment
346

10G 30ms +Z

Figure C-4-313: 8193 Lumbar Y Moment

15G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-314: 8257 Lumbar Y Moment

20G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-315: 8206 Lumbar Y Moment
347

C.4.36 Left Lap Belt Force

10G 110ms +Z

Figure C-4-316: 8198 Left Lap Belt Force

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-317: 8207 Left Lap Belt Force

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-318: 8209 Left Lap Belt Force

10G 110ms +Z

Figure C-4-319: 8199 Left Lap Belt Force

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-320: 8208 Left Lap Belt Force

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-321: 8258 Left Lap Belt Force
348

10G 30ms +Z

Figure C-4-322: 8193 Left Lap Belt Force

15G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-323: 8257 Left Lap Belt Force

20G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-324: 8206 Left Lap Belt Force
349

C.4.37 Right Lap Belt Force

10G 110ms +Z

Figure C-4-325: 8198 Right Lap Belt Force

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-326: 8207 Right Lap Belt Force

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-327: 8209 Right Lap Belt Force

10G 110ms +Z

Figure C-4-328: 8199 Right Lap Belt Force

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-329: 8208 Right Lap Belt Force

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-330: 8258 Right Lap Belt Force
350

10G 30ms +Z

Figure C-4-331: 8193 Right Lap Belt Force

15G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-332: 8257 Right Lap Belt Force

20G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-333: 8206 Right Lap Belt Force
351

C.4.38 Left Shoulder Belt Force

10G 110ms +Z

Figure C-4-334: 8198 Left Shoulder Belt Force

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-335: 8207 Left Shoulder Belt Force

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-336: 8209 Left Shoulder Belt Force

10G 110ms +Z

Figure C-4-337: 8199 Left Shoulder Belt Force

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-338: 8208 Left Shoulder Belt Force

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-339: 8258 Left Shoulder Belt Force
352

10G 30ms +Z

Figure C-4-340: 8193 Left Shoulder Belt Force

15G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-341: 8257 Left Shoulder Belt Force 20G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-342: 8206 Left Shoulder Belt Force
353

C.4.39 Right Shoulder Belt Force

10G 110ms +Z

Figure C-4-343: 8198 Right Shoulder Belt Force

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-344: 8207 Right Shoulder Belt Force

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-345: 8209 Right Shoulder Belt Force

10G 110ms +Z

Figure C-4-346: 8199 Right Shoulder Belt Force

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-347: 8208 Right Shoulder Belt Force

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-348: 8258 Right Shoulder Belt Force
354

10G 30ms +Z

Figure C-4-349: 8193 Right Shoulder Belt Force

15G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-350: 8257 Right Shoulder Belt Force

20G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-351: 8206 Right Shoulder Belt Force
355

C.4.40 Crotch Belt Force

10G 110ms +Z

Figure C-4-352: 8198 Crotch Belt Force

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-353: 8207 Crotch Belt Force

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-354: 8209 Crotch Belt Force

10G 110ms +Z

Figure C-4-355: 8199 Crotch Belt Force

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-356: 8208 Crotch Belt Force

10G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-357: 8258 Crotch Belt Force
356

10G 30ms +Z

Figure C-4-358: 8193 Crotch Belt Force

15G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-359: 8257 Crotch Belt Force

20G 70ms +Z

Figure C-4-360: 8206 Crotch Belt Force
REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE Form Approved

OMB No. 0704-0188

2. REPORT TYPE 

Technical Memorandum

 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE

Crew Exploration Vehicle (CEV) (Orion) Occupant Protection

Appendices Part 1

5a. CONTRACT NUMBER

 6. AUTHOR(S)

Currie-Gregg, Nancy J.; Gernhardt, Michael L.; Lawrence, Charles; 

Somers, Jeffrey T.

 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES)

NASA Langley Research Center

Hampton, VA 23681-2199

 9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES)

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Washington, DC 20546-0001

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L-20752

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NASA

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Subject Category 16-Space Transportation and Safety

Availability: NASA STI Program (757) 864-9658

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STI Help Desk (email: help@sti.nasa.gov)

14. ABSTRACT

Dr. Nancy J. Currie, of the NASA Engineering and Safety Center (NESC), Chief Engineer at Johnson Space Center (JSC), 

requested an assessment of the Crew Exploration Vehicle (CEV) occupant protection as a result of issues identified by the 

Constellation Program and Orion Project. The NESC, in collaboration with the Human Research Program (HRP), investigated 

new methods associated with occupant protection for the Crew Exploration Vehicle (CEV), known as Orion. The primary 

objective of this assessment was to investigate new methods associated with occupant protection for the CEV, known as 

Orion, that would ensure the design provided minimal risk to the crew during nominal and contingency landings in an 

acceptable set of environmental and spacecraft failure conditions. This documents contains the Appendices to the main NESC 

assessment report. NASA/TM-2013-217380, "Application of the Brinkley Dynamic Response Criterion to Spacecraft 

Transient Dynamic Events." supercedes this document. 

15. SUBJECT TERMS

NASA Engineering and Safety Center; Crew Exploration Vehicle; Human Research Program; Crew Module; Brinkley 

Dynamic Response; Anthropomorphic Test Devices

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362

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(757) 864-9658

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869021.01.05.01.03

11. SPONSOR/MONITOR'S REPORT

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NASA/TM-2016-219337/Volume II/Part 1

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1. REPORT DATE (DD-MM-YYYY)

01- 09 - 2016