Water-Quality and Lake-Stage Data for 

Wisconsin Lakes, Water Year 2014

Prepared in cooperation with the State of Wisconsin and local agencies

Open-File Report 2016–1131

U.S. Department of the Interior

U.S. Geological Survey

Water-Quality and Lake-Stage Data for 

Wisconsin Lakes, Water Year 2014

By S. Bridgett Manteufel and Dale M. Robertson

Prepared in cooperation with the State of Wisconsin

and with other agencies

Open-File Report 2016–1131

U.S. Department of the Interior

U.S. Geological Survey
U.S. Department of the Interior

SALLY JEWELL, Secretary

U.S. Geological Survey

Suzette Kimball, Acting Director

U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2016

For more information on the USGS—the Federal source for science about the Earth, its natural and living 

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Although this information product, for the most part, is in the public domain, it also may contain copyrighted materials 

as noted in the text. Permission to reproduce copyrighted items must be secured from the copyright owner.

Suggested citation:

Manteufel, S.B., and Robertson, D.M., 2017, Water-quality and lake-stage data for Wisconsin lakes, water year 2014: 

U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1131, 170 p.,

https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161131.

ISSN 2328-0328 (online)
iii

Contents

Introduction.................................................................................................................................................................... 1

Methods of Data Collection.......................................................................................................................................... 11

Explanation of Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Lakes.................................................................................. 13

Water Temperature and Thermal Stratification ........................................................................................................ 14

Specific Conductance .............................................................................................................................................. 15

Water Clarity ............................................................................................................................................................ 15

pH ............................................................................................................................................................................ 16

Dissolved Oxygen .................................................................................................................................................... 16

Phosphorus.............................................................................................................................................................. 17

Nitrogen ................................................................................................................................................................... 18

Chlorophyll a............................................................................................................................................................ 19

Classification of Lakes................................................................................................................................................. 19

Acknowledgments........................................................................................................................................................ 22

References Cited......................................................................................................................................................... 22

Lake data.................................................................................................................................................................... 24 

Anvil 

Water level (Lake Level Network), 05390500............................................................................... 25 

Deep Hole, 455638089034501..................................................................................................... 27 

Beulah

Deep Hole, 424840088241600 ............................................................... ............................................... 33 

Station No. 2, 424929088231300............................................................. ............................................... 37 

 Inlet near East Troy, 05544099................................................................ ............................................... 41

Big Cedar

North Site, near West Bend, 432409088151600...................................................................................... 42

South Site, near West Bend, 432224088154900 ..................................................................................... 45 

Delavan

Center near Delavan Lake, 423556088365001........................................................................................ 49 

North End near Lake Lawn, 423659088354401....................................................................................... 56 

SW End near Delavan Lake, 423526088380101 ..................................................................................... 59 

Devils near Baraboo, 05404500 ..................................................................................................................... 62

Geneva 

Water level at Lake Geneva, 423525088260400 ..................................................................................... 64 

West End, near Williams Bay, 423329088323300 ................................................................................... 66 
iv

Green

Water level at Green Lake, 434840089000001 ............................................... 72

Deep Hole, 434756089020500 ................................................................................................................ 74 

East End, 434928088570000................................................................................................................... 80

Huron near Plainfield, water level (Lake Level Network), 05401063............................................................... 85 

Kegonsa, 425715089164700.......................................................................................................................... 87 

Koshkonong near Newville, 05427235 ........................................................................................................... 89 

Long Lake near Saxeville, water level (Lake Level Network), 441257089071500.......................................... 91

Mendota at Madison, 05428000 ..................................................................................................................... 93 

Middle Genesee at Genesee Lake Road, near Oconomowoc, 430251088284700 ........................................ 95 

Monona at Madison, 05429000 ...................................................................................................................... 97 

North Lake near Elkhorn, water level (Lake Level Network), 05545000 ....................................................... 100

Oconomowoc

No. 1 (Center) at Oconomowoc, 430551088273500.............................................................................. 102

No. 2 (off Hewitt Point) at Oconomowoc, 430609088262200................................................................. 106 

Okauchee

Deep Hole, 430723088252100 .............................................................................................................. 109 

No. 1, Crane’s Nest Bay, 430759088244200......................................................................................... 113 

No. 2, Lower Okauchee, 430645088264500.......................................................................................... 115 

No. 3, Ice House Bay, 430642088252400 ............................................................................................. 117 

No. 4, Crazyman’s Island, 430757088261700 ....................................................................................... 119 

Powers at Powers Lake, 423246088175800 ................................................................................................ 121

Silver Lake near Cumberland, water level (Lake Level Network), 453420091551600.................................. 125 

Silver Lake at Portage, water level (Lake Level Network), 04072500........................................................... 127 

Waubesa, 05429485..................................................................................................................................... 129 

Whitefish (Bardon) Lake near Gordon, water level (Lake Level Network), 461231091524900..................... 132

Wind, Headwater, at Outlet at Wind Lake, 424848088083100 ..................................................................... 134 

at Wind Lake, 424915088083900 .......................................................................................................... 136 

Winnebago

Water level at Oshkosh, 04082500 ........................................................................................................ 140

Water level near Stockbridge, 04084255 ............................................................................................... 143 

Wisconsin Water Science Center publications pertaining to lakes............................................................................. 145 

Appendix – Wisconsin Lakes Team Quality-Assurance Plan..................................................................................... 156 

Figures

1. Map showing the locations of U.S. Geological Survey water-quality, lake-stage, and lake-level network stations in 

Wisconsin. ........................................................................................................................................................ 3

Tables

1. Lake stations that were discontinued prior to 2013........................................................................................... 5

2. Parameter identification numbers and laboratory reporting levels for chemical parameters commonly measured in 

lakes, and analyzed at the National Water Quality Laboratory or the Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene.12
v 

3. Classifications of water quality in Wisconin lakes. .......................................................................................... 20

4. Characteristics of the three main tropic conditions. ........................................................................................ 21
vi 

Conversion Factors

Inch/Pound to International System of Units

Multiply By To obtain

Length

foot (ft) 0.3048 meter (m)

mile (mi) 1.609 kilometer (km)

yard (yd) 0.9144 meter (m)

Area

acre 0.4047 hectare (ha)

square mile (mi2) 259.0 hectare (ha)

square mile (mi2) 2.590 square kilometer (km2) 

Volume

gallon (gal) 3.785 liter (L) 

International System of Units to Inch/Pound

Multiply By To obtain

Length

centimeter (cm) 0.3937 inch (in.)

meter (m) 3.281 foot (ft) 

meter (m) 1.094 yard (yd) 

centimeter (cm) 0.0001 micrometer (μm)

Volume

liter (L) 0.2642 gallon (gal)

Temperature in degrees Celsius (°C) may be converted to degrees Fahrenheit (°F) as °F = (1.8 × °C) + 32.

Datum

Sea level: In this report “sea level” refers to either the National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 (NGVD of 1929)—a geodetic datum derived from a 

general adjustment of the first-order level nets of both the United States and Canada, formerly called Sea Level Datum of 1929—or the North 

American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD 88).

Supplemental Information

Specific conductance of water is expressed in microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius (μS/cm at 25 °C). This unit is equivalent to 

micromhos per centimeter μmho/cm at 25 °C, formerly used by the U.S. Geological Survey.
vii 

Abbreviated water-quality units: Chemical concentrations and water temperature are given in metric units. Chemical concentration is given in 

milligrams per liter (mg/L) or micrograms per liter (μg/L). Milligram per liter is a unit expressing the concentration of chemical constituents in solution 

as weight (milligrams) of solute per unit volume (liter) of water. One thousand micrograms per liter is equivalent to one milligram per liter. For water 

with dissolved-solids concentrations less than 7,000 mg/L, the numerical values for concentrations expressed as mg/L and μg/L are the same as for 

concentrations in parts per million and parts per billion, respectively.
1 

Water-quality and Lake-stage Data for Wisconsin Lakes, Water 

Year 2014

By Wisconsin Water Science Center Lake-Studies Team

Introduction

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with local and other agencies, collects data at 

selected lakes throughout Wisconsin. These data, accumulated over many years, provide a database for 

developing an improved understanding of the water quality of lakes. To make these data available to interested 

parties outside the USGS, the data are published annually in this report series. The locations of water-quality 

and lake-stage stations in Wisconsin for water year 2014 are shown in figure 1. A water year is the 12-month 

period from October 1 through September 30. It is designated by the calendar year in which it ends. Thus, the 

period October 1, 2013, through September 30, 2014, is called “water year 2014.”

The purpose of this report is to provide information about the chemical and physical characteristics of 

Wisconsin lakes. Data that have been collected at specific lakes, and information to aid in the interpretation of 

those data, are included in this report. Data collected include measurements of in-lake water quality and lake 

stage. Time series of Secchi depths, surface total phosphorus, and chlorophyll a concentrations collected during 

nonfrozen periods are included for many lakes. Graphs of vertical profiles of temperature, dissolved oxygen, 

pH, and specific conductance are included for sites where these parameters were measured. Descriptive information for each lake includes the location of the lake, area of the lake’s watershed, period for which data are 

available, revisions to previously published records, and pertinent remarks. Additional data, such as streamflow 
2 

and water quality in tributary and outlet streams of some of the lakes, are published online at 

http://nwis.waterdata.usgs.gov/wi/nwis. 

Water-resources data, including stage and discharge data at most streamflow-gaging stations, are 

available through the World Wide Web on the Internet. The Wisconsin Water Science Center’s home page is at 

http://wi.water.usgs.gov/. Information about the Wisconsin Water Science Center’s Lakes Program is found at 

http://wi.water.usgs.gov/lakes/index.html and http://wi.water.usgs.gov/projects/index.html. The Wisconsin Water 

Science Center Lake-Studies Team includes S.B. Manteufel, D.M. Robertson, B.J. Siebers, and E.D. Dantoin. 

Figure 1. Map showing the locations of U.S. Geological Survey water-quality, lake-stage, and lake-level network stations 

in Wisconsin.
CALUMET

WINNEBAGO

JUNEAU

ADAMS WAUSHARA

MONROE LA CROSSE GREEN 

LAKE MARQUETTE

FOND DU LAC SHEBOYGAN

VERNON

COLUMBIA

SAUK

DODGE

OZAUKEE

WASHING

 -TON

RICHLAND

CRAWFORD

DANE

GRANT

MILWAUKEE

IOWA WAUKESHA

JEFFERSON

RACINE

GREEN

WALWORTH

ROCK LAFAYETTE

KENOSHA

BROWN

DOUGLAS

VILAS

BURNETT WASHBURN SAWYER

FOREST

FLORENCE

PRICE

ONEIDA

MARINETTE

POLK

BARRON

RUSK

LINCOLN

LANGLADE

OCONTO

TAYLOR

DOOR

ST. CROIX CHIPPEWA

DUNN

MENOMINEE

MARATHON

CLARK SHAWANO PIERCE EAU CLAIRE

KEWAUNEE

PEPIN

PORTAGE

WAUPACA

WOOD BUFFALO

TREMPEA

 -LEAU JACKSON

OUTAGAMIE

MANITOWOC

BAYFIELD

ASHLAND

IRON

Lake-stage station

EXPLANATION

Lake name

Lake-level network station

Lake water-quality and stage station

Note: at some lakes more than one

site may be monitored.

Green

Winnebago

Devils

Green

Huron Long 

(near Saxeville)

Anvil

Mendota Monona

Silver (at Portage)

Silver 

(near Cumberland)

Whitefish 

(Bardon)

Waubesa

Kegonsa

Koshkonong

Wind

Eagle

Middle Genesee

Oconomowoc

Geneva

Delavan

Powers

North

Big Cedar

Gilbert

Beulah

0

0 20 40 60 KILOMETERS

20 40 60 MILES

44° 

45° 

43° 

46° 

92° 

91° 

90° 

89° 

88° 

87° 

Figure 1. Location of USGS lake water-quality, lake-stage, and lake-level network stations in Wisconsin.

3
4 

The USGS has monitored lakes in cooperation with local and other agencies since 1983. 

Cooperators in 2014 included: 

Big Cedar Lake Protection and Rehabilitation District

Dane County 

Delavan Lake Sanitary District

Geneva Lake Environmental Agency 

Green Lake Sanitary District

Lake Beulah Management District

Middle Genesee Lake District

Okauchee Lake Management District

Powers Lake District

Rock County Public Works Department 

Town of Delavan

Town of Washington 

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers 

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 

Village of Oconomowoc Lake

Wind Lake Management District

Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources
5 

Lake data-collection sites are identified by a unique identification number. Lake waterquality sites are identified by a 15-digit number that is a concatenation of the site’s latitude, 

longitude, and a two-digit sequence number. The sequence number is used to distinguish 

between sites located at the same latitude-longitude designation. The site identification number is 

permanently assigned to the site; the actual latitude and longitude of the site are subject to 

revision and are stored separately. For some lakes, which have historical records of lake stage, an 

8–10 digit number is assigned according to downstream order. Gaps are left in the numerical 

series to allow for new stations; hence, the numbers are not consecutive. The first two digits of 

the complete 8–10 digit number, such as 04087000 or 054310157, designate the major river 

basin. For example, “04” designates the St. Lawrence River Basin, and “05” designates the 

Upper Mississippi River Basin. The water-quality lake stations that were discontinued prior to 

water year 2013 are listed in table 1. Discontinued lake-stage stations are not included in this 

table. 

Table 1. Lake monitoring stations that were discontinued prior to 2013.—Continued

 [NW, northwest; SE, southeast; SW, southwest; QW, water-quality station; (a), Wisconsin Valley Improvement Co. 

currently collects stage data for this site]

Station name Site identification number Period of record

Alma Lake, near St. Germain 455426089254700 Oct. 1984–Sept. 1990,

May 1992–Sept. 1996

Balsam Lake, off Cedar Island, at Balsam Lake 452755092264600 Feb. 1991–Aug. 1994

off Little Narrows, near Balsam Lake 452858092265300 May 1991–Aug. 1994

off Rock Island, near Balsam Lake 452754092234300 May 1991–Aug. 1994

Balsam Lake, near Birchwood 453907091345800 Mar. 1993–Aug. 1994,

Mar. 1996–Aug. 1997,

Mar.–Sept. 2001

Bass Lake, near Shawano 445215088300300 Feb. 1990–Aug. 1992

Bear Lake at Deep Hole near Haugen 453754091490900 Mar. 1992–Aug. 1993

Beaver Dam Lake, South end, at Beaver Dam 432814088515000 June–Oct. 1991
6 

Table 1. Lake monitoring stations that were discontinued prior to 2013.—Continued

 [NW, northwest; SE, southeast; SW, southwest; QW, water-quality station; (a), Wisconsin Valley Improvement Co. 

currently collects stage data for this site]

Station name Site identification number Period of record

North end, near Beaver Dam 433122088545700 June–Oct. 1991

Benedict Lake, near Powers Lake 423201088180800 May 1998–Aug. 2000

Big Blacksmith Lake, near Keshena 445401088334500 Feb. 1990–Aug. 1992

Big Hills (Hills) Lake, near Wild Rose 440912089092000 June 1983–Aug. 1984,

Feb.–Aug. 1987, 

Feb.–Aug. 1990, 

Feb.–Aug. 1993,

Feb.–Aug. 1996,

Feb.–Aug. 1999

Big Muskego Lake, at North Site, near Muskego 425301088061300 Feb.–Aug. 1988

Research Base, near Muskego 425235088075300 May–June 1994

Big Round Lake, near Milltown 453142092180100 Feb.–Sept. 2001

Big St. Germain Lake, near St. Germain 455557089311000 Feb. 1992–Aug. 1996

near Lake Tomahawk 05390750 1991–2001

Big Sand Lake, Deep Hole, near Hertel 454910092134000 Feb.–Sept. 2001

East Site, near Hertel 454921092124300 Feb.–Sept. 2001

Big Sissabagama Lake, near Stone Lake 454724091303600 Apr. 1986–Sept. 1996,

Oct. 1997–Sept. 2002

North Site, near Stone Lake 454800091312900 Mar. 1998–Sept. 2001

Booth Lake, near East Troy 424800088254800 Feb. 1992–Aug. 1994,

Feb. 2001–Aug. 2003

Buffalo Lake, Center Site, at Packwaukee 434558089260600 May 1998–Sept. 2001

East End, at Montello 434720089201600 May 1998–Sept. 2001

West End, near Endeavor 434414089282400 May 1998–Sept. 2001

Butternut Lake, near Park Falls 455854090310300 Oct. 2002–Oct. 2004

Deep Hole, near Park Falls 455803090310800 Mar. 2003–Sept. 2004

North Site, near Butternut 455904090303400 Mar. 2003–Sept. 2004

Far South Site, near Park Falls 455651090312700 Mar. 2003–Sept. 2004

Denoon Lake, at Wind Lake 425044088100300 Feb. 1991–Aug. 1996

Druid Lake near Hartford 431643088243300 Feb. 1991–Sept. 1996

Eagle Lake near Kansasville 05544500 1936–64, 1975–77, 1979,

Feb. 1993–Sept. 1996

Eagle Lake, at Deep Hole, near Kansasville 424207088072400 Feb. 1993–Aug. 1996

Eagle Spring Lake, at Eagleville 425103088261500 Apr. 1991–Sept. 2001

Elizabeth Lake, near Twin Lakes 423051088155300 Feb. 1995–Sept. 1997

Fish Lake, near Sauk City 05406050 Nov. 1966–Sept. 1981,
7 

Table 1. Lake monitoring stations that were discontinued prior to 2013.—Continued

 [NW, northwest; SE, southeast; SW, southwest; QW, water-quality station; (a), Wisconsin Valley Improvement Co. 

currently collects stage data for this site]

Station name Site identification number Period of record

Apr. 1985–May 1987,

May 1988, Apr. 1989–Oct. 1990,

Oct. 1990–Nov. 1996,

Nov. 1996–Sept. 2004

Fowler Lake, Center, at Oconomowoc 430653088294601 Jan.–Dec. 1984,

Oct. 1986–Sept. 1996

Fox Lake, Deep Hole, at Fox Lake 433458088560600 June 1991–Mar. 1993

Gilbert Lake Deep Hole, near West Bend 432504088152201 Apr. –July 2012

Gilbert Lake Tributary, near West Bend 04086418 Apr. –July 2012

Gilbert Lake Spring #1, near West Bend 432514088151601 Apr. –July 2012

Gilbert Lake Spring #2, near West Bend 432511088151801 Apr. –July 2012

Geneva Lake, Geneva Bay, at Lake Geneva 423455088263800 Apr. 1997–Feb. 1999

Williams Bay, at Williams Bay 423420088320500 Apr. 1997–Feb. 1999

East End, near Lake Geneva 423421088272300 Apr. 1997–May 2000

Hemlock Lake, near Mikana 453421091333700 Mar. 1993–Aug. 1994,

Mar. 1996–Aug. 1997,

Mar.–Sept. 2001

Hooker Lake, at Salem 423335088060300 Feb. 1992–Aug. 1993

Kawaguesaga, Deep Hole, near Minocqua 455208089435800 May–Sept. 2003

South Site, near Minocqua 455145089442600 May–Sept. 2003

Kirby Lake, near Cumberland 453554092042101 Nov. 1995–Oct. 1996

(Site 1) near Cumberland 453608092035801 Nov. 1995–Nov. 1996

(Site 2) near Cumberland 453601092035301 Nov. 1995–Nov. 1996

(Site 3) near Cumberland 453612092034901 Nov. 1995–Nov. 1996

(Site 4) near Cumberland 453603092035701 Nov. 1995–Nov. 1996

(Site 5) near Cumberland 453608092041201 Nov. 1995–Nov. 1996

(Site 6) near Cumberland 453555092040901 Nov. 1995–Nov. 1996

Lac La Belle, at Oconomowoc 430733088305900 Feb. 1984–Aug. 1985,

Apr.–Aug. 1991,

Feb. 2001–Aug. 2003

NW, at Oconomowoc 430809088313900 Feb. 1984–Aug. 1985

SE, at Oconomowoc 430707088301400 Feb. 1984–Aug. 1985

Lake Bastine, Deep Hole, near Mercer 460511090153800 Apr. 2009–Mar. 2010

Lake Blass, at Lake Delton 433545089482400 Mar. 1989–Aug. 1990

Lake Desair, near Rice Lake 453446091465100 Aug. 2004

Lake Keesus, 
8 

Table 1. Lake monitoring stations that were discontinued prior to 2013.—Continued

 [NW, northwest; SE, southeast; SW, southwest; QW, water-quality station; (a), Wisconsin Valley Improvement Co. 

currently collects stage data for this site]

Station name Site identification number Period of record

East Bay, near Merton 430957088183400 Apr. 1991–Aug. 1995

North Bay, near Merton 431006088191000 Apr. 1991–Aug. 1995

Lake Morris at Mount Morris 440654089120500 Jun. 1983–Sept. 1989

Lake Nebagamon, Northeast Bay, at Lake 

Nebagamon

463050091412300 May 1992–Aug. 1995

Southeast Bay, at Lake Nebagamon 462928091413500 Mar. 1992–Sept. 1995

West Bay, at Lake Nebagamon 463034091425300 May 1992–Aug. 1995

Lake Noquebay, near Crivitz 451511087550900 Feb. 1987–Aug. 1988,

Apr. 1991–Aug. 1994

East End, near Crivitz 451540087525700 Apr. 1991–Aug. 1994

Lamotte Lake, near Shawano 445305088361200 Feb. 1990–Aug. 1992

Lauderdale Lakes, at Lauderdale 

Mill, at Lauderdale

424554088332700

424555088335700

Oct. 1993–Oct. 1994

Nov. 1993–Nov. 1994,

Aug. 2002

Green, Auxiliary, Number 1, near Lauderdale 424640088341900 June 1999–Sept. 2000

Green, near Lauderdale 424652088341500 Nov. 1993–Nov. 1994,

Aug. 2002

Legend Lake (Site 1), near Shawano 445342088312700 Feb. 1990–Feb. 1992

Little Arbor Vitae, near Woodruff 455446089370300 Feb. 1991–Sept. 2002

Little Cedar Lake, North Site, near West Bend 432255088134700 Feb. 1997–Aug. 1999,

Feb. 2003–Sept. 2012

Little Cedar Lake, South Site, near West Bend 432249088134500 Feb. 1997–Aug. 1999,

Feb. 2003–Sept. 2012

Little Green Lake, at Center, near Markesan 434412088590700 Feb. 1991–Aug. 2003

Little Muskego Lake, at Muskego 425425088083500 Oct. 1986–Aug. 2002

Little Rock Lake, near Woodruff 455946089415702 Oct. 1983–Sept. 1996

Little St. Germain Lake, near Eagle River 05390700 (a)

Upper East Bay, at St. Germain 455532089253900 Dec. 1996–Mar. 97,

Mar. 1999,

Mar. 2000–Aug. 2003

Northeast Bay, near St. Germain 455545089262500 Apr. 1991–Aug. 1994,

Aug. 1996–Aug. 1997,

Mar. 1999–Aug. 2003

South Bay, near St. Germain 455437089270800 Apr. 1991–Aug. 1994,

Aug. 1996–Aug. 1997,

Mar. 1999–Aug. 2003

West Bay, at St. Germain 455428089282400 Apr. 1991–Aug. 1994,

Aug. 1996–Aug. 1997,

Mar. 1999–Aug. 2003

Little Sand Lake (Site No. 2), near Mole Lake 452826088544101 May 1996–Sept. 2003
9 

Table 1. Lake monitoring stations that were discontinued prior to 2013.—Continued

 [NW, northwest; SE, southeast; SW, southwest; QW, water-quality station; (a), Wisconsin Valley Improvement Co. 

currently collects stage data for this site]

Station name Site identification number Period of record

Long (Kee Nong Go-Mong) Lake, at Wind Lake 424937088103400 Feb. 1988–Aug. 1989,

Feb. 1991–Aug. 1996

Loon Lake, near Shawano 445009088303700 Feb. 1991–Aug. 1993

Lost Lake, near Beaver Dam 432640088580500 June–Oct. 1991

McKenzie Lakes

McKenzie (Big McKenzie)

Deep Hole, near Spooner 455507092013500 Feb. 1987–Aug. 1998

Northern Site, near Spooner 455540092022000 June 1997–Aug. 1998

South Site, near Spooner 455437092022300 June 1997–Aug. 1998

Lower McKenzie, near Webb Lake 455902092011900 June 1997–Aug. 1998

Middle McKenzie, near Spooner 455635092021800 June 1997–Aug. 1998

Mary (Marie) Lake, at Twin Lakes 423128088151200 Feb. 1995–Aug. 1997

Max Lake, near Woodruff 460128089423501 Mar. 1988–Dec. 1996

Mead Lake, East Bay near Willard 444720090445000 Apr. 1991–Aug. 1995

West Bay, near Willard 444733090460100 Feb. 1991–Sept. 1995

Mercer Lake, Deep Hole, at Mercer 460937090033100 Mar. 2008–Sept. 2009

West basin, at Mercer 460945090040600 Mar. 2008–Sept. 2009

Minocqua Lake

Deep Hole, at Minocqua 455214089412800 May–Sept. 2003

North Bay, at Minocqua 455232089424100 May–Sept. 2003

South Bay, at Minocqua 455206089425200 May–Sept. 2003

Montello Lake, at Montello 434748089195800 Feb. 1995–Aug. 1998

Moon Lake, near St. Germain 455504089260500 Feb. 1992–Aug. 1996

Morgan Lake, near Fence 454622088324801 Oct. 1987–Sept. 1998.

Moshawquit Lake, near Shawano 445352088295800 Feb. 1990–Aug. 1992

Muskego (Big Muskego)

Auxiliary Number 1, near Muskego 425329088054000 June 1996–Aug. 2000

Bass Bay, near Muskego 425344008807010 Feb. 1988–Aug. 2002

near Wind Lake 425109088075000 Oct. 1987–Sept. 1989, 

Jan. 1991–Sept. 2002

South Site, near Muskego 425212088072800 Feb. 1988–Aug. 2002

Muskellunge Lake, near Eagle River 455700089224900 June 2000–Aug. 2001

Muskellunge Lake, near Lake Outlet near Eagle 

River

455706089232400 Nov. 2000–Oct. 2001
10

Table 1. Lake monitoring stations that were discontinued prior to 2013.—Continued

 [NW, northwest; SE, southeast; SW, southwest; QW, water-quality station; (a), Wisconsin Valley Improvement Co. 

currently collects stage data for this site]

Station name Site identification number Period of record

Nagawicka Lake, at Deep Hole, at Delafield 430417088230300 Feb. 2003–Sept. 2004

Namekagon Lakes

Garden, near Cable 461224091033200 Mar. 1998–Aug. 1999

Jackson, near Cable 461457091065900 Mar. 1998–Aug. 1999

Namekagon

Deep Hole, near Cable 461308091065100 Mar. 1998–Aug. 1999

East Basin, near Cable 461228091044300 Mar. 1998–Aug. 1999

Northeast Basin, near Cable 461410091050700 Mar. 1998–Aug. 1999

Park Lake (Site 1), at Pardeeville 433239089175800 Feb. 1986–Aug. 1987,

May–Nov. 1993

(Site 2) at Pardeeville 433226089175500 May–Nov. 1993

(Site 3) at Pardeeville 433245089173000 May–Nov. 1993

(Site 4) at Pardeeville 433257089165100 May–Nov. 1993

Pike Lake, near Hartford 431916088200501 Dec. 1998–Dec. 2000

Pike Lake–QW site, near Hartford 431835088200600 Feb.–Aug. 2000

Potter Lake, near Mukwonago 424905088204000 Feb. 1993–Sept. 2007

Pretty Lake, at Deep Hole, near Dousman 425722088295000 Feb. 1993–Aug. 1997

Puckaway Lake, West Basin, near Marquette 434515089124000 Apr. 2005–Sept. 2007

East Basin, near Marquette 43454208907300 Apr. 2005–Sept. 2007

River site, near Marquette 434824089083200 Apr. 2005–Sept. 2007

Red Cedar Lake, at Mikana 453522091360600 Mar. 1993–Aug. 1994,

Mar. 1996–Aug. 1997,

Oct. 2000–Sept. 2001

Deep Hole, near Mikana 453725091345100 Mar. 1993–Aug. 1994,

Mar. 1996–Aug. 1997,

Mar. –Sept. 2001

South End, at Mikana 453519091352500 Mar. 1993–Aug. 1994,

Mar. 1996–Aug. 1997,

Mar. –Sept. 2001

Rice Lake, at Deep Hole near Whitewater 424629088415700 Apr.–Nov. 1991

Round Lake, near Shawano 445328088335000 Feb. 1990–Aug. 1992

Sand Lake (Deep Hole), near Keshena 445321088323101 June–Aug. 1992

Shell Lake, at Shell Lake 05334000 Aug. 1936–Sept. 1999

Silver Lake, near Oconomowoc 430436088293300 Apr. 1992–Aug. 1996

Silver Lake, near West Bend 432322088125000 Feb. 1996–Aug. 1997

Feb. 2009–Aug. 2009
11

Table 1. Lake monitoring stations that were discontinued prior to 2013.—Continued

 [NW, northwest; SE, southeast; SW, southwest; QW, water-quality station; (a), Wisconsin Valley Improvement Co. 

currently collects stage data for this site]

Station name Site identification number Period of record

Sinissippi Lake, off Anthony Island., at 

Hustisford

432113088361100 Feb. 1991–Aug. 1993

off Butternut Island., near Hustisford 432240088363900 Apr. 1991–Aug. 1993

off Sam Point, near Hustisford 432300088374200 Apr. 1991–Aug. 1993

Spirit Lake, near Keshena 445400088320100 Apr.–Aug. 1992

Spooner Lake, Deep Hole, near Spooner 455034091493300 June 2002–Aug. 2004

Southeast Site, near Spooner 454945091483900 June 2002–Aug. 2004

Stewart Lake, at Mt. Horeb 430117089442701 May 1992–Sept. 1993

Tichigan Lake, near Waterford 424854088123300 Mar. 1994–Aug. 1996,

Apr. 2003–Aug. 2004

Tombeau Lake, near Powers Lake 423153088184800 May 1998–Aug. 2000

Townline Lake, near Mercer 460409090084100 Apr. 2009–Mar. 2010

Trude Lake, Deep Hole, near Mercer 460646090091900 Apr. 2009–Mar. 2010

Turtle-Flambeau Flowage, Deep Hole, near 

Mercer

460458090102700 Apr. 2009–Mar. 2010

SW Basin, near Mercer 460344090124800 Apr. 2009–Mar. 2010

Lake Bastine, Deep Hole, near Mercer 460511090153800 Apr. 2009–Mar. 2010

Townline Lake, near Mercer 460409090084100 Apr. 2009–Mar. 2010

Trude Lake, Deep Hole, near Mercer 460646090091900 Apr. 2009–Mar. 2010

Twin Lake, East Twin, near Westfield 435430089350700 June 2002–Aug. 2004

West Twin, near Westfield 435438089352300 June 2002–Aug. 2004

Winnebago, Buoy Site, near Oshkosh 440128088271201 May 2011–Sept. 2011

Methods of Data Collection

Depth profiles of water temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, and specific conductance 

were collected using multiparameter meters. Prior to measurements, the meters were calibrated 

using standards for pH and conductance, and dissolved oxygen was calibrated using the air 

calibration method. Generally, field measurements in profiles were made at 0.5-meter (m) 

intervals if the maximum depth of the lake was 5 m or less and at 1.0-m intervals if the 

maximum depth was greater than 5 m.
12

In most lakes, water samples were collected at two depths: near the surface and near the 

bottom. The chemistry of the water samples was analyzed using standard analytical methods by 

either the USGS National Water Quality Laboratory (Wershaw and others, 1987; Fishman and 

Friedman, 1989; Fishman, 1993) or the Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene (Wisconsin State 

Laboratory of Hygiene, 1993). Analyses for dissolved constituents were done on samples that 

were filtered in the field through a filter with a pore size of 0.45-micrometer. Total or total 

recoverable constituents were determined by analyzing unfiltered water samples. Preservation 

and shipment of samples followed standard protocols established by the laboratories. Waterquality data were archived in the Water Quality Data Base of the National Water Information 

System. Additional descriptive information about water-quality data is available at 

http://waterdata.usgs.gov/wi/nwis/qw. National Water Information System parameter codes and 

minimum laboratory reporting levels for chemical constituents are given in table 2. The 

parameter code for turbidity has changed from 00076 to 63675 or 63676, because the method of 

testing has changed.

Records of lake stage are considered complete when one or more manual or automatic 

measurements were obtained per day. Partial records of lake-stage result when measurements 

were less frequent than daily. A complete description of manual or automatic measurements of 

lake stage is described by Rantz and others (1982). 

Table 2. Parameter identification numbers and laboratory reporting levels for chemical parameters 

commonly measured in lakes, and analyzed at the National Water Quality Laboratory or the Wisconsin 

State Laboratory of Hygiene. 

[NWQL, National Water Quality Laboratory; WSLH, Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene; CAS, Chemical 

Abstracting Servce; LRL, laboratory reporting level; diss., dissolved; mg/L, milligram per liter; μg/L, microgram 

per liter; —, not applicable; EPA, Environmental Protection Agency] 
13

NWQL WSLH Standard analysis Low-level analysis

Parameter name Unit CAS

number1

Parameter

code2 LRL Lab code LRL Labcode LRL Test code

Calcium, diss. 

(Ca)

mg/L 7440–70–2 00915 0.022 659 — — 0.100 E200.7

Magnesium, diss. 

(Mg)

mg/L 7439–95–4 00925 0.011 663 — — 0.100 E200.7

Sodium, diss. (Na) mg/L 7440–23–5 00930 0.06 675 — — 0.100 E200.7

Potassium, diss. 

(K)

mg/L 7440–09–7 00935 0.03 2773 0.004 2774 0.100 E200.7

Sulfate, diss. 

(SO4)

mg/L 14808–79–8 00945 0.02 1572 0.02 1263 4.70 EPA 375.2

Chloride, diss. 

(Cl)

mg/L 16887–00–6 00940 0.02 1571 0.02 1259 1.00 SM4500–CL–E

Fluoride, diss. (F) mg/L 16984–48–8 00950 0.01 651 0.01 1260 — —

Iron, diss. (Fe) 7439–89–6 01046 4.0 645 — — 0.100 E200.7

Manganese, diss. 

(Mn)

7439–96–5 01056 0.2 648 0.40 1793 1.00 E200.7

Silica, diss. (SiO2) mg/L 7631–86–9 00955 0.06 3121 0.018 667 0.022 USGS I–2700–

85

Nitrogen, 

NO2+NO3, diss.

mg/L — 00631 0.04 3156 — — 0.019 EPA 353.2

Nitrogen,

ammonia, diss.

mg/L 7664–41–7 00608 0.02 1991 -- -- 0.015 EPA 350.1

Nitrogen, org., 

total3

mg/L — — — — — — — —

Nitrogen, 

amm.+org., 

total4

mg/L 17778–88–0 00625 0.07 1986 — — 0.14 EPA 351.2

Nitrogen, 

amm.+org., 

diss.

mg/L 17778–88–0 00623 0.07 1985 — — — —

Phosphorus, total mg/L 7723–14–0 00665 0.004 1984 0.004 2333 0.005 EPA 365.1

Phosphorus, ortho, 

diss.

mg/L 14265–44–2 00671 0.004 3118 — — 0.002 SM4500–PE

Chlorophyll a, 

phytoplankton

μg/L 479–61–8 70953 0.1 3152 — — — —

Chlorophyll a, 

phytoplankton

μg/L 479–61–8 32210 — — — — 0.26 EPA 445

1.CAS number—A unique identification for each constituent.

2.Parameter code—A unique number for storage of data in database.

3.Calculated as difference between total ammonia + organic nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen

4.Also known as total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN).

Explanation of Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Lakes

Following are brief, generalized explanations of some of the common measurements of 

water quality and some of the physical processes occurring in lakes that influence these measures 
14

of water quality. More detailed explanations of water-quality data and lake processes are given 

by Wetzel (1983), Hem (1985), and Shaw and others (1993). 

Water Temperature and Thermal Stratification

Water temperature in lakes is important because of its role in stratification and because of 

the temperature dependence of many chemical reactions and life processes of aquatic organisms. 

The extent of thermal stratification in lakes depends on the interaction between the lake’s shape, 

water clarity, solar heating, and wind-driven mixing. Complete mixing of the lake is usually 

inhibited by thermal stratification in summer and by ice cover in winter. Thermal stratification 

affects water quality and the distribution of organisms in the lake. Summer thermal stratification 

can occur in any lake, but in Wisconsin it commonly occurs in lakes deeper than about 6 m 

(Shaw and others, 1993). 

The density of water increases with decreasing temperature down to a temperature of 4 

degrees Celsius (°C), then decreases with decreasing temperature between 4 °C and the freezing 

point of water (0 °C). For a brief period in the spring after the ice is out, water temperature is 

usually uniform through the entire water column, and wind action causes the lake to mix 

completely. This process is known as “spring turnover.” As the lake absorbs the Sun’s energy, 

the surface water becomes warmer and its density decreases, making it more resistant to 

complete mixing. The difference in density caused by different water temperatures can prevent 

warm- and coldwater from mixing. In most lakes, therefore, a density “barrier” forms between 

the warmer surface water (epilimnion) and the underlying colder water (hypolimnion). This 

barrier is often marked by a sharp temperature gradient known as the “thermocline” 

(metalimnion). During the stratified summer period, these three distinct layers of lake water are 

often present. As the temperature difference between surface and deep water increases, this 

“stratified” condition stabilizes and can persist until surface temperatures decrease in the fall, 
15

which decreases the stability of the stratification. The mixing of the lake water in the fall is 

known as “fall turnover.” 

Thermal stratification may also occur under ice cover in the winter. In the winter, the 

coldest water (near 0 °C) under the ice at the surface of the lake is less dense than water deeper 

in the lake with warmer temperatures.

Specific Conductance

Specific conductance is a measure of the ability of water to conduct an electrical current 

and is an indicator of the concentration of dissolved solids in the water. Because conductance is 

temperature related, reported values are normalized at 25 °C and are termed “specific 

conductance.” As the concentration of dissolved minerals increases, specific conductance 

increases. During winter and summer thermal stratification, concentrations of dissolved 

constituents near the lake bottom increase due to one of two processes: the decomposition of 

materials settling from the epilimnion or the release of dissolved materials (such as iron, 

manganese, and phosphorus) from the bottom sediments during anoxic periods. Therefore, 

differences in specific conductance with depth indicate differences in concentrations of dissolved 

solids. 

Water Clarity

Water clarity, or transparency, is commonly measured using a Secchi disc. The range of 

depths within which photosynthetic activity occurs depends largely on depth of light penetration, 

which is influenced by water clarity. A Secchi disc, most commonly a 20-centimeter diameter 

disc with alternating black-and-white quadrants, is lowered to a depth at which it is no longer 

visible. This depth is referred to as the “Secchi depth.” Clarity can be reduced by algae, 

zooplankton, water color, and suspended sediment. Algae are often the most dominant influence 
16

on clarity in lakes and, therefore, Secchi depth is usually correlated with the algal abundance. 

Secchi depths are generally the least during summer when algal populations are largest.

pH

The pH is a measure of the acidity of the water. It is defined as the negative logarithm of 

hydrogen-ion concentration and varies over a 14-unit log scale, with a pH of 7 being neutral. 

Values less than 7 indicate acidic conditions; the lower the value, the stronger the acidity. Values 

greater than 7 indicate alkaline conditions. The pH of water is influenced in part by 

photosynthesis and respiration of planktonic algae and aquatic plants. It is important because it 

affects the solubility of many chemical constituents and because aquatic organisms have limited 

pH tolerances. Planktonic algae and aquatic plants produce oxygen and consume carbon dioxide 

as they photosynthesize during daytime; they consume oxygen and produce carbon dioxide when 

they respire at night. Carbon dioxide combines with the water molecule to form carbonic acid; 

therefore respiration causes a decrease in pH at night, and photosynthesis during the day causes 

an increase in pH. The result is a daily cycle in pH. Because phytoplankton are usually 

concentrated in the near-surface water, changes in pH in the epilimnion are more extreme than in 

the hypolimnion, where less photosynthesis usually occurs. 

Lakes having good fish populations and productivity generally have a pH between 6.7 

and 8.2. Values of pH greater than 8.5 have been shown to cause the release of phosphorus from 

lake sediments (James and Barko, 1991). 

Dissolved Oxygen

Dissolved oxygen is one of the most critical factors affecting a lake ecosystem because it 

is essential to most aquatic organisms, and it is involved in many chemical reactions. Very low 

dissolved oxygen concentrations can control some types of chemical reactions. The solubility of 
17

oxygen in water is inversely related to temperature—that is, oxygen solubility decreases as water 

temperature increases. This relation is important, because at warmer temperatures the metabolic 

rate of organisms increases but less oxygen is available for respiration. The primary sources of 

dissolved oxygen are from the air and from photosynthesis. The minimum dissolved oxygen 

concentration specified in national water-quality criteria for early life stages of warmwater 

aquatic life is 5.0 milligrams per liter (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1986). 

In early summer, if thermal stratification develops, the metalimnion restricts the surface 

supply of dissolved oxygen to the hypolimnion. The hypolimnion can become isolated from the 

atmosphere. Thus, as summer progresses, the dissolved oxygen concentration can decrease in 

response to decomposition of dead algae that settle from the epilimnion and in response to the 

biological and chemical oxygen demand of the sediments. The oxygen demand from these 

processes may completely deplete the oxygen (anoxia) in the water near the lake bottom. The 

oxygen depletion then progresses upward but usually is confined to the hypolimnion. 

Anoxia in the hypolimnion is common in stratified eutrophic (nutrient-rich) lakes in 

Wisconsin. Complete anoxia, however, is often not detected because of limitations of the 

measurement equipment. During anoxic conditions, many aquatic organisms cannot survive, but 

many other species (primarily bacteria) actually function only in such conditions. Therefore, a 

shift from oxic to anoxic conditions produces a rapid and dramatic change in the biological 

community and chemical environment. Anoxia also can cause the release of phosphorus from the 

bottom sediments. This phosphorus then mixes throughout the water column during spring and 

fall turnover. 

Phosphorus

Phosphorus is one of the essential nutrients for plant growth. High phosphorus 

concentrations can cause dense algal populations (blooms) and can therefore be a major cause of 
18

eutrophication in lakes. When phosphorus concentrations exceed 0.025 milligrams per liter at the 

time of spring turnover in lakes and reservoirs, these water bodies may occasionally experience 

excess or nuisance growth of algae or other aquatic plants (U.S. Environmental Protection 

Agency, 1986). In many regions of the country, including the upper Midwest, other nutrients, 

particularly nitrogen, tend to be in abundant supply. Phosphorus is often the nutrient in shortest 

supply, therefore limiting or controlling plant growth. About 90 percent of the lakes in 

Wisconsin are limited by phosphorus (Shaw and others, 1993). In water, dissolved 

orthophosphate is the part of total phosphorus that is most readily available for use by algae. 

Internal phosphorus recycling occurs in many lakes. Phosphorus used by algae, aquatic 

plants, fish, and zooplankton is stored within these organisms. As these organisms die and 

decompose, this phosphorus is returned to the lake water and sediments. Anoxia in the 

hypolimnion makes phosphorus more soluble, adding further to the release of phosphorus from 

the falling particles and the lake sediments. During spring and fall turnover the phosphorus, 

which was released from the bottom sediments into the hypolimnion during anoxia, is mixed 

throughout the lake. The phosphorus is then available for algal growth. These phenomena are 

part of the internal recycling processes of lakes.

Nitrogen

Nitrogen, like phosphorus, is an essential nutrient for plant and algal growth. Usually in 

Wisconsin lakes, nitrogen is in abundant supply from the atmosphere and other sources. If 

phosphorus is abundant relative to algal needs, nitrogen can become the limiting nutrient. In that 

case, algal blooms are more likely to be triggered by increases in nitrogen than by increases in 

phosphorus. Some blue-green algal species can fix nitrogen from the atmosphere (Wetzel, 1983). 

Therefore, in situations where other types of algae are excluded because of a shortage of 
19

nitrogen, the nitrogen-fixing blue-green algae have a competitive advantage and may be present 

in abundance. 

Lakes with a nitrogen to phosphorus ratio larger than 15 to 1 near the surface may 

generally be considered phosphorus limited, a ratio from 10 to 1 to 15 to 1 indicates a transition 

situation, and a ratio smaller than 10 to 1 generally indicates nitrogen limitation. Total nitrogen is 

the sum of ammonia, organic nitrogen, and nitrate-plus-nitrite nitrogen. The near-surface 

concentration is commonly used to compute the total nitrogen to phosphorus ratio because most 

algal species grow near the lake surface.

Chlorophyll a

Chlorophyll a is a photosynthetic pigment found in algae (Wetzel, 1983) and other green 

plants. Its concentration, therefore, is commonly used as a measure of the density of the algal 

population in a lake. Chlorophyll a concentrations are generally highest during summer when 

algal populations are highest. Moderate populations of desirable algae are important in the food 

chain; however, excessive populations or algal blooms are undesirable. Algal blooms can cause 

taste and odor problems and limit light penetration needed to support growth of submerged 

aquatic plants. Certain species of blue-green algae can produce toxins (Rapavich and others, 

1987). 

Classification of Lakes 

Two methods are commonly used to classify and evaluate Wisconsin lakes according to 

their water quality or trophic state: Lillie and Mason’s (1983) water-quality index and Carlson’s 

(1977) trophic state index (TSI). In previous USGS data reports, a modification of Carlson’s TSI

for Wisconsin lakes by Lillie and others (1993) had been used; however, this approach did not 

properly classify oligotrophic and highly eutrophic lakes and, therefore, was discontinued. 
20

Lillie and Mason’s (1983) water-quality indices for Wisconsin lakes were developed 

based on summer measurements of total phosphorus and chlorophyll a concentrations and Secchi 

depth from a random set of lakes in Wisconsin. These data were used to classify the lakes’ water 

quality (table 3). 

Table 3. Classifications of water quality in Wisconsin lakes.

[From Lillie and Mason (1983); mg/L, milligram per liter; μg/L, microgram per liter; <, less than; >, greater than]

Water-quality index Total phosphorus range 

(mg/L) Chlorophyll a range (μg/L) Water clarity range (Secchi depth, in meters)

“Excellent” <0.001 1.0 >6.0

“Very good” 0.001–0.009 1.0–4.9 3.0–6.0

“Good” 0.010–0.029 5.0–9.9 2.0–2.9

“Fair” 0.030–0.049 10.0–14.9 1.5–1.9

“Poor” 0.050–0.149 15.0–30.0 1.0–1.4

“Very poor” >0.150 >30.0 <1.0

Carlson’s (1977) TSI approach to lake classification assigns numerical ranges to the three 

trophic conditions generally used to describe the wide range of lake water-quality conditions. 

Oligotrophic lakes are typically clear, algal populations and phosphorus concentrations are low, 

and the deepest water is likely to contain oxygen throughout the year. Mesotrophic lakes 

typically have a moderate supply of nutrients, experience moderate algal blooms, and have 

occasional oxygen depletions at depth. Eutrophic lakes are nutrient rich with relatively severe 

water-quality problems, such as frequent seasonal algal blooms, oxygen depletion in lower parts 

of the lakes, and poor clarity. When eutrophic conditions are very severe, the lake is considered 

hypereutrophic. 

Carlson’s (1977) TSI values are also based on near-surface total phosphorus and 

chlorophyll a concentrations, and Secchi depths. The indices were developed to place these three 

characteristics on similar scales to allow comparison of different lakes. TSI values based on 

phosphorus concentrations, Secchi depths, and chlorophyll a concentrations typically are 

computed only for measurements collected during the open-water period. 

TSI values for a lake can be calculated using the following equations (Carlson, 1977): 
21

TSIP = 4.15 + 14.42 x (ln [total phosphorus concentration x 1,000]) 

TSISD = 60.0 – 14.41 x (ln Secchi depth) 

TSIC = 30.6 + 9.81 x (ln chlorophyll a concentration) 

where:

TSIP is total phosphorus, in milligrams per liter,

TSISD is Secchi depth, in meters, and

TSIC is chlorophyll a, in micrograms per liter.

The three main trophic conditions (Carlson, 1977) are defined with boundaries for total 

phosphorus, Secchi depth, and chlorophyll a (table 4).

Table 4. Characteristics of the three main tropic conditions.

[From Carlson (1977); m, meter; mg/L; milligram per liter; μg/L, microgram per liter]

Trophic level Trophic State 

Index

Total phosphorus

(mg/L)

Secchi depth

(m)

Chlorophyll a

(μg/L)

Eutrophic >50 >0.024 <2.0 >7.2

Mesotrophic 40-50 0.012-0.024 2.0-4.0 2.6-7.2

Oligotrophic <40 <0.012 >4.0 <2.6
22

Acknowledgments

This report is the culmination of a concerted effort by a number of people who collected, 

compiled, analyzed, verified, and organized the data, and who typed, edited, and assembled the 

report. The authors had primary responsibility for assuring that the information contained herein 

is accurate, complete, and adheres to USGS policy and established guidelines. Technicians in 

charge of the field offices are: B.W. Olson (Rhinelander), and S.A. March (Middleton). The data 

were collected and processed by D.D. Baumann, E.D. Dantoin, D.E. Housner, D.L. Olson, Z.T. 

Scott, B.J. Siebers and C.R. Utzig. S.B. Manteufel assembled, edited, and formatted the report. 

Additional assistance in preparation of the report was provided by M.M. Greenwood and D.L. 

Olson. 

References Cited 

Carlson, R.E., 1977, A trophic state index for lakes: Limnology and Oceanography, March, v. 

22, no. 2, p. 361–369. 

Fishman, M.J., ed., 1993, Methods of analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water 

Quality Laboratory—Determination of inorganic and organic constituents in water and fluvial 

sediments: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93–125, 217 p. 

Fishman, M.J., and Friedman, L.C., eds., 1989, Methods for determination of inorganic 

substances in water and fluvial sediments (3rd ed.): U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of 

Water-Resources Investigations, book 5, chap. A1, 545 p. 

Hem, J.D., 1985, Study and interpretation of the chemical characteristics of natural water (3rd

ed.): U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 2254, 263 p. 

James, W.F., and Barko, J.W., 1991, Littoral-pelagic phosphorus dynamics during nighttime 

convective circulation: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 36, no. 5, p. 946–960. 
23

Lillie, R.A., Graham, S., and Rasmussen, P., 1993, Trophic-state index equations and regional 

predictive equations for Wisconsin lakes: Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources 

Research Management Findings no. 35, 4 p. 

Lillie, R.A., and Mason, J.W., 1983, Limnological characteristics of Wisconsin lakes: Wisconsin 

Department of Natural Resources Technical Bulletin no. 138, 116 p. 

Rantz, S.E., and others, 1982, Measurement and computation of streamflow: U.S. Geological 

Survey Water-Supply Paper 2175, 631 p. 

Rapavich, W.M., Sonzogni, W.C., Standridge, J.H., Vennie, J.G., and Wedepohl, R.E., 1987, 

Incidence of algal toxins in Wisconsin water experiencing blue-green algae blooms: Wisconsin 

State Laboratory of Hygiene and Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Informational 

Paper, 8 p. 

Shaw, B., Mechenich, C., and Klessig, L., 2004, Understanding lake data: Madison, Wis., 

University of Wisconsin Extension, G3582, RP–03/2004, 19 p. 

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1986, Quality criteria for water 1986: U.S. 

Environmental Protection Agency publication, EPA 440/5–86–001 [variously paged]. 

Wershaw, R.L., Fishman, M.J., Grabbe, R.R., and Lowe, L.E., eds., 1987, Methods for the 

determination of organic substances in water and fluvial sediments: U.S. Geological Survey 

Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations, book 5, chap. A3, 80 p. 

Wetzel, R.G., 1983, Limnology (2nd ed.): New York, W.B. Saunders, 767 p. 

Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, Environmental Sciences Section, 1993, Manual of 

analytical methods, inorganic chemistry unit: Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, revised 

November 1993 [variously paged]. 
24

Lake Data

Remarks codes and symbols used in the following tables:

[<, less than; >, greater than; --, not available; E, estimated]
25

05390500 ANVIL LAKE NEAR EAGLE RIVER, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 45°57'00.5", long 89°03'15.3", referenced to North American Datum of 1983, in NW 1⁄4 NE 1⁄4 sec.13, T.40 N., R.11 E., Vilas 

County, Hydrologic Unit 07070001.

DRAINAGE AREA.—4.11 mi2. 

PERIOD OF RECORD.--June 2010 to current year. 

GAGE.--Water-stage recorder and rain gage. 

REMARKS.--Anvil Lake is a seepage lake. Gage height telemeter at station. Records are considered good. 

EXTREMES FOR PERIOD OF RECORD.--Maximum, 97.20 ft, many days during May and June 1943; Minimum, 89.27 ft, Oct. 7 to 17, 2012. 

EXTREMES FOR CURRENT YEAR.--Maximum, 90.44 ft, June 3; Minimum, 89.54 ft, Oct. 2, 2013. 

GAGE HEIGHT, FEET

WATER YEAR OCTOBER 2013 TO SEPTEMBER 2014

DAILY MEAN VALUES

DAY OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP

1 89.56 89.64 89.67 89.74 89.80 89.84 89.83 90.32 90.33 90.25 89.95 89.80

2 89.54 89.64 89.67 89.74 89.80 89.84 89.83 90.32 90.43 90.23 89.94 89.81

3 89.57 89.63 89.69 89.74 89.79 89.83 89.83 90.33 90.44 90.21 89.94 89.80

4 89.58 89.63 89.72 89.75 89.79 89.84 89.89 90.34 90.42 90.20 89.94 89.96

5 89.63 89.63 89.75 89.75 89.79 89.84 89.91 90.34 90.41 90.18 89.93 90.02

6 89.69 89.66 89.75 89.75 89.79 89.83 89.90 90.34 90.40 90.18 89.92 90.01

7 89.68 89.66 89.74 89.75 89.79 89.84 89.91 90.34 90.38 90.18 89.91 89.99

8 89.67 89.65 89.74 89.74 89.78 89.84 89.91 90.35 90.36 90.22 89.89 89.98

9 89.66 89.68 89.74 89.74 89.78 89.83 89.91 90.37 90.35 90.21 89.88 89.97

10 89.65 89.67 89.74 89.74 89.78 89.83 89.92 90.36 90.33 90.19 89.87 90.06

11 89.64 89.67 89.74 89.75 89.77 89.83 89.93 90.36 90.32 90.18 89.87 90.10

12 89.63 89.66 89.74 89.75 89.78 89.82 89.96 90.39 90.31 90.16 89.87 90.09

13 89.61 89.65 89.74 89.75 89.78 89.82 89.98 90.40 90.29 90.15 89.85 90.10

14 89.60 89.65 89.73 89.75 89.79 89.82 90.02 90.39 90.27 90.15 89.83 90.08

15 89.62 89.64 89.74 89.75 89.79 89.81 90.03 90.38 90.29 90.14 89.81 90.07

16 89.64 89.65 89.74 89.76 89.80 89.81 90.04 90.37 90.29 90.13 89.80 90.06

17 89.64 89.70 89.74 89.76 89.80 89.81 90.12 90.36 90.28 90.11 89.78 90.05

18 89.64 89.70 89.73 89.76 89.81 89.82 90.13 90.35 90.26 90.10 89.80 90.03

19 89.64 89.69 89.73 89.76 89.79 89.83 90.13 90.35 90.25 90.09 89.80 90.02

20 89.64 89.69 89.74 89.76 --- 89.83 90.14 90.41 90.27 90.07 89.80 90.01

21 89.65 89.70 89.73 89.76 --- 89.83 90.15 90.42 90.27 90.06 89.79 90.07

22 89.65 89.70 89.74 89.76 --- 89.83 90.15 90.41 90.26 90.06 89.79 90.06

23 89.65 89.69 89.74 89.76 --- 89.83 90.15 90.40 90.26 90.04 89.80 90.06

24 89.65 89.69 89.74 89.76 --- 89.82 90.16 90.39 90.29 90.03 89.79 90.05

25 89.65 89.68 89.75 89.78 89.83 89.82 90.21 90.38 90.28 90.02 89.81 90.06

26 89.64 89.68 89.75 89.78 89.84 89.82 90.21 90.38 90.27 90.01 89.79 90.06

27 89.64 89.68 89.75 89.79 89.85 89.82 90.21 90.37 90.26 90.00 89.78 90.05

28 89.62 89.68 89.75 89.78 89.83 89.84 90.22 90.35 90.26 89.99 89.77 90.05

29 89.62 89.68 89.75 89.78 --- 89.84 90.24 90.34 90.28 89.97 89.77 90.04

30 89.62 89.68 89.75 89.79 --- 89.84 90.30 90.33 90.27 89.97 89.80 90.04

31 89.63 --- 89.75 89.80 --- 89.83 --- 90.32 --- 89.97 89.79 ---

MEAN 89.63 89.67 89.73 89.76 --- 89.83 90.04 90.36 90.31 90.11 89.84 90.02

MAX 89.69 89.70 89.75 89.80 --- 89.84 90.30 90.42 90.44 90.25 89.95 90.10

MIN 89.54 89.63 89.67 89.74 --- 89.81 89.83 90.32 90.25 89.97 89.77 89.80
26

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7

8

9

 

GAGE HEIGHT, IN FEET

 

Stage hydrograph for Anvil Lake, 1936-2014.
27

455638089034501 ANVIL LAKE, DEEP HOLE, NEAR EAGLE RIVER, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 45°56'38", long 89°03'45", in SW 1⁄4 sec.13, T.40 N., R.11 E., Vilas County, Hydrologic Unit 07070001, near Eagle River. 

SURFACE AREA.—0.62 mi2. 

PERIOD OF RECORD.—May 2012 to September 2013. 

REMARKS.--Lake sampled at the deep hole at a depth of 8-9 m. Water-quality analyses by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene. A “*” indicates data that were collected by a Citizen Lake 

Monitoring Volunteer.

WATER-QUALITY DATA, OCTOBER 21, 2013 TO SEPTEMBER 25, 2014 

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated) 

 Specif- Chloro- Ortho- Ammonia

 ic pH, phyll a Phos- Phos- phos- Total + 

 Trans- conduc- water, trichro phorus, phorus, phate, nitro- Ammonia org-N,

 parency Sam- Temper- tance, unfltrd Dis- -matic water, water, water, gen, water, water,

 Secchi pling ature, wat unf field, solved method, unfltrd fltrd, fltrd, water, fltrd, fltrd,

 Date disc, depth, water, uS/cm @ std oxygen, uncorr, mg/L mg/L mg/L unfltrd mg/L mg/L 

 meters meters deg C 25 degC units mg/L ug/L as P as P as P mg/L as N as N 

 (00078) (00098) (00010) (00095) (00400) (00300) (32210) (00665) (00666) (00671) (00600) (00608) (00623)

 

OCT 2013 

 21... 3.60 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 21... -- 0.50 11.2 43 7.5 8.3 8.31 0.017 -- -- -- -- -- 

FEB 2014 

 12... 2.60 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 12... -- 0.50 0.4 45 7.4 12.4 1.95 0.019 -- -- -- -- -- 

APR 

 07... 6.10 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 07... -- 2.0 2.4 43 7.2 8.8 -- 0.011 -- -- -- -- -- 

 07... -- 6.0 4.0 47 6.5 1.1 -- 0.014 -- -- -- -- -- 

 07... -- 7.5 4.4 53 6.4 0.2 -- 0.014 -- -- -- -- -- 

MAY 

 15... 2.75 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 15... -- 0.50 8.4 40 6.7 10.5 6.37 0.012 <0.005 0.003 0.41 <0.015 -- 

 *28... 4.70 0.50 -- -- -- -- -- 0.010 -- -- -- -- -- 

JUN 

 *10... 5.00 0.50 -- -- -- -- 1.27 0.013 -- -- -- -- -- 

 *22... 4.90 0.50 -- -- -- -- 3.89 0.016 -- -- -- -- -- 

 23... 4.20 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 23... -- 0.50 21.1 40 8.2 9.1 3.05 0.009 -- -- -- -- -- 

 23... -- 8.0 11.6 46 6.8 2.8 -- 0.016 -- -- -- -- -- 

 *26... -- 0.50 -- -- -- -- 2.93 0.012 -- -- -- -- -- 

 
28

455638089034501 ANVIL LAKE, DEEP HOLE, NEAR EAGLE RIVER, WI

WATER-QUALITY DATA, OCTOBER 21, 2013 TO SEPTEMBER 25, 2014 

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

 Specif- Chloro- Ortho- Ammonia

 ic pH, phyll a Phos- Phos- phos- Total + 

 Trans- conduc- water, trichro phorus, phorus, phate, nitro- Ammonia org-N,

 parency Sam- Temper- tance, unfltrd Dis- -matic water, water, water, gen, water, water,

 Secchi pling ature, wat unf field, solved method, unfltrd fltrd, fltrd, water, fltrd, fltrd,

 Date disc, depth, water, uS/cm @ std oxygen, uncorr, mg/L mg/L mg/L unfltrd mg/L mg/L 

 meters meters deg C 25 degC units mg/L ug/L as P as P as P mg/L as N as N 

 (00078) (00098) (00010) (00095) (00400) (00300) (32210) (00665) (00666) (00671) (00600) (00608) (00623)

JUL 

 *04... 4.80 0.50 -- -- -- -- 1.60 0.011 -- -- -- -- -- 

 17... -- -- -- -- -- -- 3.37 0.025 -- -- -- -- -- 

 *17... 4.00 0.50 -- -- -- -- 3.37 0.014 -- -- -- -- -- 

 23... 3.05 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 23... -- 0.50 21.9 43 7.6 8.8 4.82 0.013 -- 0.004 <0.35 <0.015 0.27 

 23... -- 8.0 15.1 57 6.2 0.8 -- 0.024 -- -- -- -- -- 

AUG 

 08... -- -- -- -- -- -- 6.44 0.016 -- -- -- -- -- 

 *08... 3.00 0.50 -- -- -- -- 1.38 0.013 -- -- -- -- -- 

 26... 3.20 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 26... -- 0.50 21.5 43 8.6 9.0 9.77 0.018 -- <0.002 <0.63 <0.015 0.51 

 26... -- -- -- -- -- -- 9.25 0.018 -- -- -- -- -- 

 26... -- 6.0 21.1 42 7.8 7.8 -- 0.019 -- -- -- -- -- 

 26... -- 7.0 19.3 47 6.8 1.9 -- 0.019 -- -- -- -- -- 

 26... -- 8.0 17.6 54 6.3 0.3 -- 0.039 -- -- -- -- -- 

 26... 2.25 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 *26... 2.70 0.50 -- -- -- -- 8.97 0.018 -- -- -- -- -- 

SEP 

 25... 2.20 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 25... -- 0.50 16.3 40 8.3 10.1 13.7 0.018 -- -- -- -- -- 

 25... -- 8.0 15.2 39 7.4 7.9 -- 0.017 -- -- -- -- -- 
29

455638089034501 ANVIL LAKE, DEEP HOLE, NEAR EAGLE RIVER, WI

WATER-QUALITY DATA, OCTOBER 21, 2013 TO SEPTEMBER 25, 2014 

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

 Ammonia Nitrate

 + + 

 org-N, nitrite

 water, water,

 unfltrd fltrd,

 Date mg/L mg/L 

 as N as N 

 (00625) (00631)

 

MAY 

 15... -- -- 

 15... 0.32 0.094 

 28... -- -- 

JUL 

 23... -- -- 

 23... 0.33 <0.019 

 23... -- -- 

AUG 

 08... -- -- 

 08... -- -- 

 26... -- -- 

 26... 0.61 <0.019 

 26... -- -- 

 26... -- -- 

 26... -- -- 

 26... -- -- 

 26... -- -- 

 26... -- -- 

SEP 

 25... -- -- 

 25... -- -- 

 25... -- -- 
30

455638089034501 ANVIL LAKE, DEEP HOLE, NEAR EAGLE RIVER, WI

LAKE-DEPTH PROFILES, OCTOBER 21, 2013 TO MAY 14, 2014

0 10 20 30

10

8

6

4

2

0

0 10 20

SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEG

10-21-13 02-12-14

0 10 20 30

10

8

6

4

2

0

0 10 20

DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

0 10 20 30

10

8

6

4

2

0

0 10 20

04-07-14

25 30 35 40 45 50

10

8

6

4

2

0

6 7 8 9 10

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS

25 30 35 40 45 50

10

8

6

4

2

0

6 7 8 9 10

25 30 35 40 45 50

10

8

6

4

2

0

6 7 8 9 10

WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELSIUS

W.T.

D.O.

S.C. pH

DEPTH, IN METERS DEPTH, IN METERS

REES CELSIUS

0 10 20 30

10

8

6

4

2

0

0 10 20

05-14-14

25 30 35 40 45 50

10

8

6

4

2

0

6 7 8 9 10
31

455638089034501 ANVIL LAKE, DEEP HOLE, NEAR EAGLE RIVER, WI

LAKE-DEPTH PROFILES, JUNE 23 TO SEPTEMBER 25, 2014

0 10 20 30

10

8

6

4

2

0

0 10 20

DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

0 10 20 30

10

8

6

4

2

0

0 10 20

0 10 20 30

10

8

6

4

2

0

0 10 20

SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELSIUS

06-23-14 07-23-14 08-26-14

0 10 20 30

10

8

6

4

2

0

0 10 20

09-25-14

25 30 35 40 45 50

10

8

6

4

2

0

6 7 8 9 10

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS

25 30 35 40 45 50

10

8

6

4

2

0

6 7 8 9 10

25 30 35 40 45 50

10

8

6

4

2

0

6 7 8 9 10

25 30 35 40 45 50

10

8

6

4

2

0

6 7 8 9 10

WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELSIUS

W.T.

D.O.

S.C.

pH

DEPTH, IN METERS DEPTH, IN METERS
32

 2012 2013 2014 20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

Total Phosphorus

Chlorophyll a

Secchi depth

Eutrophic

 2012 2013 2014 9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

 2012 2013 2014 0

10

20

30

USGS

Observer

 2012 2013 2014 0.000

0.005

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

CHLOROPHYLL a CONCENTRATION,

 IN MICROGRAMS PER LITER SECCHI DEPTH, IN METERS TROPHIC STATE INDEX

Surface total phosphorus, chlorophyll a concentrations, Secchi depths,

and TSI data for Anvil Lake, Deep Hole, near Eagle River, Wisconsin.

Mesotrophic

TOTAL PHOSPHORUS CONCENTRATION, IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

Oligotrophic
33

424840088241600 LAKE BEULAH AT DEEP HOLE NEAR EAST TROY, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 42°48'40", long 88°24'16", in SW 1⁄4 NW 1⁄4 NW 1⁄4 sec.17, T.4 N., R.18 E., Walworth County, Hydrologic Unit 07120006, near East Troy. 

SURFACE AREA.--1.30 mi2. 

PERIOD OF RECORD.--August 2007 to August 2014. 

REMARKS.--Lake sampled at the deep hole at a depth of 19 m. Water-quality analyses by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene.

WATER-QUALITY DATA, MAY 13 TO AUGUST 27, 2014

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

 

 Specif- Chloro- Ortho- Ammonia Nitrate

 ic pH, phyll a Phos- phos- Total + + 

 Trans- conduc- water, trichro phorus, phate, nitro- Ammonia org-N, nitrite

 parency Sam- Temper- tance, unfltrd Dis- -matic water, water, gen, water, water, water,

 Secchi pling ature, wat unf field, solved method, unfltrd fltrd, water, fltrd, unfltrd fltrd,

 Date disc, depth, water, uS/cm @ std oxygen, uncorr, mg/L mg/L unfltrd mg/L mg/L mg/L 

 meters meters deg C 25 degC units mg/L ug/L as P as P mg/L as N as N as N 

 (00078) (00098) (00010) (00095) (00400) (00300) (32210) (00665) (00671) (00600) (00608) (00625) (00631)

 

MAY 2014 

 13... 5.45 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 13... -- 0.50 16.2 566 7.9 10.6 1.60 0.013 0.009 1.2 0.050 0.49 0.730 

AUG 

 27... 2.75 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 27... -- 2.0 24.7 500 8.5 8.6 4.00 0.011 0.008 <0.55 0.030 0.53 <0.020 

 27... -- 4.0 24.3 527 8.0 4.6 -- 0.016 0.009 <0.57 0.060 0.55 <0.020 

 27... -- 11.0 7.7 614 7.6 0.4 -- 0.008 0.005 1.2 0.190 0.53 0.650 

 27... -- 17.0 5.0 640 7.4 0.2 -- 0.024 0.006 <1.1 0.590 1.1 <0.020 

 27... -- 18.0 4.9 651 7.4 0.2 -- 0.027 0.004 1.9 1.15 1.9 0.060 
34

424840088241600 LAKE BEULAH AT DEEP HOLE NEAR EAST TROY, WI

WATER-QUALITY DATA, MAY 13 TO AUGUST 27, 2014

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

 Turbdty Appar- ANC, 

 white ent wat unf 

 light, color, Hard- Magnes- Potas- fixed Chlor- 

 det ang water, ness, Calcium ium, Sodium, sium, end pt, ide, Sulfate

 90+/-30 unfltrd water, water, water, water, water, lab, water, water,

 Date degrees Pt-Co mg/L as fltrd, fltrd, fltrd, fltrd, mg/L as fltrd, fltrd,

 NTU units CaCO3 mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L CaCO3 mg/L mg/L 

 (63675) (00081) (00900) (00915) (00925) (00930) (00935) (00417) (00940) (00945)

 

MAY 2014 

 13... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 13... 2.0 13 295 62.5 33.7 9.70 1.74 244 23.4 27.4 

AUG 

 27... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 27... 1.9 11 254 44.3 34.8 10.5 1.55 213 21.5 25.9 

 27... 1.5 12 253 45.3 33.9 9.80 1.53 216 21.6 25.0 

 27... 1.4 9 317 67.6 36.0 10.4 1.82 270 23.6 28.8 

 27... 4.4 11 331 71.5 37.1 10.9 1.89 288 24.4 28.8 

 27... 9.4 9 330 71.2 37.0 10.5 1.93 296 27.3 28.3 
35

424840088241600 LAKE BEULAH AT DEEP HOLE NEAR EAST TROY, WI

LAKE-DEPTH PROFILES, MAY 13 TO AUGUST 27, 2014

0 10 20 30

20

16

12

8

4

0

0 10 20

05-13-14

DEPTH, IN METERS

400 500 600 700

20

16

12

8

4

0

6 7 8 9 10

DEPTH, IN METERS

400 500 600 700

20

16

12

8

4

0

6 7 8 9 10

0 10 20 30

20

16

12

8

4

0

0 10 20

08-27-14

W.T.

D.O.

S.C.

pH

SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELSIUS

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS

WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELSIUS

DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER
36

 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 20

30

40

50

60

70

Total Phosphorus

Chlorophyll a

Secchi depth

Eutrophic

 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 0.000

0.005

0.010

0.015

0.020

CHLOROPHYLL a CONCENTRATION, IN MICROGRAMS PER LITER SECCHI DEPTH, IN METERS TROPHIC STATE INDEX

August surface total phosphorus, chlorophyll a concentrations, Secchi depths,

and TSI data for Lake Beulah, Deep Hole, near East Troy, Wisconsin.

Mesotrophic

TOTAL PHOSPHORUS CONCENTRATION, IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

Oligotrophic
37

424929088231300 LAKE BEULAH STATION 2 NEAR EAST TROY, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 42°49'29", long 88°23'13", in SE 1⁄4 NE 1⁄4 NE 1⁄4 sec.8, T.4 N., R.18 E., Walworth County, Hydrologic Unit 07120006, near East Troy.

SURFACE AREA.--1.30 mi2. 

PERIOD OF RECORD.--August 2007 to August 2014. 

REMARKS.--Lake sampled at a depth of 15 m. Water-quality analyses by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene.

WATER-QUALITY DATA, MAY 13 TO AUGUST 27, 2014

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

 Specif- Chloro- Ortho- Ammonia Nitrate

 ic pH, phyll a Phos- phos- Total + + 

 Trans- conduc- water, trichro phorus, phate, nitro- Ammonia org-N, nitrite

 parency Sam- Temper- tance, unfltrd Dis- -matic water, water, gen, water, water, water,

 Secchi pling ature, wat unf field, solved method, unfltrd fltrd, water, fltrd, unfltrd fltrd,

 Date disc, depth, water, uS/cm @ std oxygen, uncorr, mg/L mg/L unfltrd mg/L mg/L mg/L 

 meters meters deg C 25 degC units mg/L ug/L as P as P mg/L as N as N as N 

 (00078) (00098) (00010) (00095) (00400) (00300) (32210) (00665) (00671) (00600) (00608) (00625) (00631)

 

MAY 2014 

 13... 5.25 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 13... -- 0.50 17.0 494 8.4 11.0 2.20 0.011 0.006 0.67 0.010 0.54 0.130 

AUG 

 27... 3.75 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 27... -- 2.0 25.0 448 8.4 8.4 4.00 0.008 0.003 <0.60 0.010 0.58 <0.020 

 27... -- 4.0 24.8 446 8.4 8.2 -- 0.012 -- -- -- -- -- 

 27... -- 12.0 6.6 590 7.5 0.7 -- 0.013 -- -- -- -- -- 

 27... -- 14.0 5.4 604 7.4 0.4 -- 0.042 -- -- -- -- -- 

 27... -- 15.0 5.1 608 7.4 0.3 -- 0.041 0.003 <1.6 0.820 1.6 <0.020 
38

424929088231300 LAKE BEULAH STATION 2 NEAR EAST TROY, WI

WATER-QUALITY DATA, MAY 13 TO AUGUST 27, 2014 

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

 Turbdty Appar- ANC, 

 white ent wat unf 

 light, color, Hard- Magnes- Potas- fixed Chlor- 

 det ang water, ness, Calcium ium, Sodium, sium, end pt, ide, Sulfate

 90+/-30 unfltrd water, water, water, water, water, lab, water, water,

 Date degrees Pt-Co mg/L as fltrd, fltrd, fltrd, fltrd, mg/L as fltrd, fltrd,

 NTU units CaCO3 mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L CaCO3 mg/L mg/L 

 (63675) (00081) (00900) (00915) (00925) (00930) (00935) (00417) (00940) (00945)

 

 MAY 2014 

 13... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 13... 0.7 11 243 45.0 31.8 11.0 1.73 208 25.5 24.5 

AUG 

 27... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 27... 1.6 8 211 31.4 32.1 10.8 1.63 180 24.6 24.0 

 27... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 27... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 27... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 27... 13 12 302 60.0 37.0 11.4 1.98 268 27.7 27.1 
39

424929088231300 LAKE BEULAH STATION 2 NEAR EAST TROY, WI

LAKE-DEPTH PROFILES, MAY 13 TO AUGUST 27, 2014

0 10 20 30

16

12

8

4

0

0 10 20

05-13-14

DEPTH, IN METERS

400 500 600 700

16

12

8

4

0

6 7 8 9 10

DEPTH, IN METERS

400 500 600 700

16

12

8

4

0

6 7 8 9 10

0 10 20 30

16

12

8

4

0

0 10 20

08-27-14

W.T. D.O.

S.C.

pH

SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELSIUS

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS

WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELSIUS

DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER
40

 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 20

30

40

50

60

70

Total Phosphorus

Chlorophyll a

Secchi depth

Eutrophic

 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 0.000

0.005

0.010

0.015

0.020

CHLOROPHYLL a CONCENTRATION, IN MICROGRAMS PER LITER SECCHI DEPTH, IN METERS TROPHIC STATE INDEX

August surface total phosphorus, chlorophyll a concentrations, Secchi depths,

and TSI data for Lake Beulah, Station 2, near East Troy, Wisconsin.

Mesotrophic

TOTAL PHOSPHORUS CONCENTRATION, IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

Oligotrophic
41

05544099 LAKE BEULAH INLET NEAR EAST TROY, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 42°48'39", long 88°24'56", in SE 1⁄4 NE 1⁄4 NW 1⁄4 sec.18, T.4 N., R.18 E., Walworth County, Hydrologic Unit 07120006, near East Troy.

PERIOD OF RECORD.--August 2008 to August 2014. 

REMARKS.--Lake sampled at a depth of 15 m. Water-quality analyses by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene.

WATER-QUALITY DATA, MAY 13 TO AUGUST 27, 2014

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

 Specif- Chloro- Ortho- Ammonia Nitrate

 ic pH, phyll a Phos- phos- Total + + 

 Trans- conduc- water, trichro phorus, phate, nitro- Ammonia org-N, nitrite

 parency Sam- Temper- tance, unfltrd Dis- -matic water, water, gen, water, water, water,

 Secchi pling ature, wat unf field, solved method, unfltrd fltrd, water, fltrd, unfltrd fltrd,

 Date disc, depth, water, uS/cm @ std oxygen, uncorr, mg/L mg/L unfltrd mg/L mg/L mg/L 

 meters meters deg C 25 degC units mg/L ug/L as P as P mg/L as N as N as N 

 (00078) (00098) (00010) (00095) (00400) (00300) (32210) (00665) (00671) (00600) (00608) (00625) (00631)

 

MAY 2014 

 13... 1.00 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 13... -- 0.50 16.7 515 7.7 5.3 3.10 0.025 0.008 1.4 0.070 0.64 0.710 

AUG 

 27... >1.00 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 27... -- 0.50 22.2 611 7.9 4.3 <1.00 0.017 0.006 0.57 0.050 0.42 0.150 

 Turbdty Appar- ANC, 

 white ent wat unf 

 light, color, Hard- Magnes- Potas- fixed Chlor- 

 det ang water, ness, Calcium ium, Sodium, sium, end pt, ide, Sulfate

 90+/-30 unfltrd water, water, water, water, water, lab, water, water,

 Date degrees Pt-Co mg/L as fltrd, fltrd, fltrd, fltrd, mg/L as fltrd, fltrd,

 NTU units CaCO3 mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L CaCO3 mg/L mg/L 

 (63675) (00081) (00900) (00915) (00925) (00930) (00935) (00417) (00940) (00945)

 

MAY 2014 

 13... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 13... 1.8 35 268 60.9 28.1 7.30 2.10 232 17.6 19.3 

AUG 

 27... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 27... <0.1 26 309 63.0 36.8 9.20 1.78 276 22.1 24.6 
42

432409088151600 BIG CEDAR LAKE, NORTH SITE, NEAR WEST BEND, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 43°24'09", long 88°15'16", in NE 1⁄4 SW 1⁄4 sec. 20, T.11 N., R.19 E., Washington County, Hydrologic Unit 04040003, near West Bend.

SURFACE AREA.--1.46 mi2. 

PERIOD OF RECORD.--February 2000 to current year.

REMARKS.--Lake sampled on north side at a depth of 12 m. Water-quality analyses by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene.

WATER-QUALITY DATA, MARCH 5 TO AUGUST 20, 2014

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated) 

 Specif- Chloro- 

 ic pH, phyll a Phos- 

 Trans- conduc- water, trichro phorus,

 parency Sam- Temper- tance, unfltrd Dis- -matic water,

 Secchi pling ature, wat unf field, solved method, unfltrd

 Date disc, depth, water, uS/cm @ std oxygen, uncorr, mg/L 

 meters meters deg C 25 degC units mg/L ug/L as P 

 (00078) (00098) (00010) (00095) (00400) (00300) (32210) (00665)

 

MAR 2014 

 05... -- 1.0 2.7 654 8.1 9.3 1.06 0.012 

 05... -- 11.0 3.6 828 7.6 1.8 -- 0.018 

MAY 

 21... 7.65 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 21... -- 0.50 16.9 578 8.3 11.7 0.872 0.009 

JUN 

 30... 5.55 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 30... -- 0.50 24.7 540 8.7 8.7 4.96 0.016 

 30... -- 10.5 13.7 590 7.7 0.4 -- 0.026 

JUL 

 29... 2.30 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 29... -- 0.50 23.4 525 8.6 8.8 5.33 0.018 

 29... -- 10.5 14.3 582 7.4 0.3 -- 0.033 

AUG 

 20... 3.25 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 20... -- 0.50 24.5 542 8.5 8.6 3.74 0.015 

 20... -- 12.5 13.4 627 7.5 0.3 -- 0.043 

 

 
43

432409088151600 BIG CEDAR LAKE, NORTH SITE, NEAR WEST BEND, WI

LAKE-DEPTH PROFILES, MARCH 5 TO AUGUST 20, 2014

0 10 20 30

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

0 10 20

SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELSIUS

03-05-14 05-21-14

0 10 20 30

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

0 10 20

07-29-14 08-20-14

0 10 20 30

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

0 10 20

0 10 20 30

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

0 10 20

0 10 20 30

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

0 10 20

06-30-14

DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

500 600 700 800

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

6 7 8 9 10

500 600 700 800

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

6 7 8 9 10

WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELSIUS

500 600 700 800

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

6 7 8 9 10

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS

500 600 700 800

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

6 7 8 9 10

500 600 700 800

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

6 7 8 9 10

W.T.

D.O.

S.C. pH

DEPTH, IN METERS DEPTH, IN METERS

 
44

 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 20

30

40

50

60

70

Total Phosphorus

Chlorophyll a

Secchi depth

Eutrophic

 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 12

10

8

6

4

2

0

 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 0

5

10

15

20

25

 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 0.00

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

0.07

CHLOROPHYLL a CONCENTRATION, IN MICROGRAMS PER LITER SECCHI DEPTH, IN METERS TROPHIC STATE INDEX

 Surface total phosphorus, chlorophyll a concentrations, Secchi depths,

and TSI data for Big Cedar Lake, North Site, near West Bend, Wisconsin.

Mesotrophic

TOTAL PHOSPHORUS CONCENTRATION, IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

Oligotrophic
45

432224088154900 BIG CEDAR LAKE, SOUTH SITE, NEAR WEST BEND, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 43°22'24", long 88°15'49", in NE 1⁄4 SE 1⁄4 sec.31, T.11 N., R.19 E., Washington County, Hydrologic Unit 04040003, near West Bend.

SURFACE AREA.--1.46 mi2. 

PERIOD OF RECORD.--February 2000 to current year.

REMARKS.--Lake sampled on south side at deep hole. Water-quality analyses by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene.

WATER-QUALITY DATA, MARCH 5 TO AUGUST 20, 2014 

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

 Specif- Chloro- Ortho- Ammonia Ammonia

 ic pH, phyll a Phos- phos- Total + + 

 Trans- conduc- water, trichro phorus, phate, nitro- Ammonia org-N, org-N,

 parency Sam- Temper- tance, unfltrd Dis- -matic water, water, gen, water, water, water,

 Secchi pling ature, wat unf field, solved method, unfltrd fltrd, water, fltrd, fltrd, unfltrd

 Date disc, depth, water, uS/cm @ std oxygen, uncorr, mg/L mg/L unfltrd mg/L mg/L mg/L 

 meters meters deg C 25 degC units mg/L ug/L as P as P mg/L as N as N as N 

 (00078) (00098) (00010) (00095) (00400) (00300) (32210) (00665) (00671) (00600) (00608) (00623) (00625)

 

MAR 2014 

 05... -- 1.0 1.6 584 8.1 10.9 1.20 0.011 -- -- -- -- -- 

 05... -- 29.0 3.2 611 7.8 5.3 -- 0.032 -- -- -- -- -- 

MAY 

 21... 7.85 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 21... -- 0.50 15.3 568 8.4 13.3 0.276 0.007 0.002 0.64 0.031 -- 0.41 

JUN 

 30... 4.75 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 30... -- 0.50 23.3 555 8.5 8.9 0.935 0.010 -- -- -- -- -- 

 30... -- 30.5 5.4 592 7.6 0.9 -- 0.078 -- -- -- -- -- 

JUL 

 29... 3.00 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 29... -- 0.50 23.1 533 8.8 9.7 5.02 0.013 0.003 0.44 <0.015 0.61 0.40 

 29... -- 30.5 5.5 581 7.6 0.3 -- 0.024 -- -- -- -- -- 

 AUG 

 20... 4.35 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 20... -- 0.50 24.0 531 8.8 9.3 2.82 0.012 -- -- -- -- -- 

 20... -- 30.5 5.5 610 7.6 0.8 -- 0.019 -- -- -- -- -- 
46

432224088154900 BIG CEDAR LAKE, SOUTH SITE, NEAR WEST BEND, WI

WATER-QUALITY DATA, MARCH 5 TO AUGUST 20, 2014

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

 Nitrate Turbdty Appar- ANC, 

 + white ent wat unf 

 nitrite light, color, Hard- Magnes- Potas- fixed Chlor- Silica, 

 water, det ang water, ness, Calcium ium, Sodium, sium, end pt, ide, Sulfate water, Iron, 

 fltrd, 90+/-30 unfltrd water, water, water, water, water, lab, water, water, fltrd, water,

 Date mg/L degrees Pt-Co mg/L as fltrd, fltrd, fltrd, fltrd, mg/L as fltrd, fltrd, mg/L as fltrd,

 as N NTU units CaCO3 mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L CaCO3 mg/L mg/L SiO2 ug/L 

 (00631) (63675) (00081) (00900) (00915) (00925) (00930) (00935) (00417) (00940) (00945) (00955) (01046)

 

MAR 2014 

 05... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 05... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

MAY 

 21... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 21... 0.236 0.5 10 238 37.4 35.1 25.0 1.68 209 56 20.6 3.66 <0.100 

JUN 

 30... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 30... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 30... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

JUL 

 29... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 29... 0.035 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 29... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

AUG 

 20... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 20... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 20... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 

 Dis- 

 solved

 Manga- solids

 nese, dried @

 water, 180degC

 Date fltrd, wat flt

 ug/L mg/L 

 (01056) (70300)

 

MAR 2014 

 05... -- -- 

 05... -- -- 

MAY 

 21... -- -- 

 21... <1.00 308 
47

432224088154900 BIG CEDAR LAKE, SOUTH SITE, NEAR WEST BEND, WI

LAKE-DEPTH PROFILES, MARCH 5 TO AUGUST 20, 2014

0 10 20 30

32

28

24

20

16

12

8

4

0

0 10 20

0 10 20 30

32

28

24

20

16

12

8

4

0

0 10 20

SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELSIUS

03-05-14 05-21-14

0 10 20 30

32

28

24

20

16

12

8

4

0

0 10 20

06-30-14

DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

0 10 20 30

32

28

24

20

16

12

8

4

0

0 10 20

0 10 20 30

32

28

24

20

16

12

8

4

0

0 10 20

07-29-14 08-20-14

400 500 600 700

32

28

24

20

16

12

8

4

0

6 7 8 9 10

400 500 600 700

32

28

24

20

16

12

8

4

0

6 7 8 9 10

WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELSIUS

400 500 600 700

32

28

24

20

16

12

8

4

0

6 7 8 9 10

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS

400 500 600 700

32

28

24

20

16

12

8

4

0

6 7 8 9 10

400 500 600 700

32

28

24

20

16

12

8

4

0

6 7 8 9 10

W.T.

D.O.

pH S.C.

DEPTH, IN METERS DEPTH, IN METERS
48

 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 20

30

40

50

60

70

Total Phosphorus

Chlorophyll a

Secchi depth

Eutrophic

 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 12

10

8

6

4

2

0

 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 0

5

10

15

20

25

 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 0.00

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

0.07

CHLOROPHYLL a CONCENTRATION, IN MICROGRAMS PER LITER SECCHI DEPTH, IN METERS TROPHIC STATE INDEX

Surface total phosphorus, chlorophyll a concentrations, Secchi depths, 

and TSI data for Big Cedar Lake, South Site, near West Bend, Wisconsin.

Mesotrophic

TOTAL PHOSPHORUS CONCENTRATION, IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

Oligotrophic
49

423556088365001 DELAVAN LAKE AT CENTER NEAR DELAVAN LAKE, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 42°35'56", long 88°36'50", in SE 1⁄4 SW 1⁄4 sec.28, T.2 N., R.16 E., Walworth County, Hydrologic Unit 07090001, 2.6 mi southeast of Delavan.

SURFACE AREA.--3.24 mi2. 

DRAINAGE AREA.--41.4 mi2, of which 2.3 mi2 is non-contributing.

PERIOD OF RECORD.--October 1983 to September 2009, October 2011 to September 2014. 

REMARKS.-- Water-quality analyses by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene.

WATER-QUALITY DATA, NOVEMBER 19, 2013 TO JULY 15, 2014

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

 Specif- Chloro- Ortho- Ammonia Ammonia

 ic pH, phyll a Phos- phos- Total + + 

 Trans- conduc- water, trichro phorus, phate, nitro- Ammonia org-N, org-N, 

 parency Sam- Temper- tance, unfltrd Dis- -matic water, water, gen, water, water, water,

 Secchi pling ature, wat unf field, solved method, unfltrd fltrd, water, fltrd, fltrd, unfltrd

 Date disc, depth, water, uS/cm @ std oxygen, uncorr, mg/L mg/L unfltrd mg/L mg/L mg/L 

 meters meters deg C 25 degC units mg/L ug/L as P as P mg/L as N as N as N 

 (00078) (00098) (00010) (00095) (00400) (00300) (32210) (00665) (00671) (00600) (00608) (00623) (00625)

 

NOV 2013 

 19... 4.85 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 19... -- 0.50 7.1 544 7.6 10.7 8.66 0.039 0.024 0.73 0.128 0.68 0.61 

MAR 2014 

 04... 10.2 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 04... -- 1.0 1.1 605 8.0 11.9 1.40 0.034 0.025 0.80 0.150 0.76 0.56 

 04... -- 16.0 4.3 1280 7.5 1.3 -- 0.086 0.069 -- -- -- -- 

MAY 

 15... 8.40 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 15... -- 0.50 13.5 562 8.3 12.4 1.30 0.026 0.013 0.72 0.111 -- 0.62 

 15... -- 16.0 10.8 571 7.9 6.7 -- 0.077 0.053 -- -- -- -- 

JUN 

 27... 3.35 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 27... -- 0.50 24.3 9 570 11.4 11.7 0.023 <0.002 <0.62 <0.015 0.61 0.60 

 27... -- 7.0 20.5 8 584 5.7 -- 0.018 0.002 -- -- -- -- 

 27... -- 10.0 13.6 8 593 1.0 -- 0.098 0.076 -- -- -- -- 

 27... -- 16.0 11.5 8 610 0.1 -- 0.381 0.341 -- -- -- -- 

JUL 

 15... 2.55 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 15... -- 0.50 23.6 565 8.6 8.8 8.08 0.020 <0.002 <0.57 0.027 0.41 0.55 

 15... -- 8.0 22.3 575 8.0 2.7 -- 0.033 0.002 -- -- -- -- 

 15... -- 12.0 13.0 595 7.6 0.2 -- 0.178 0.146 -- -- -- -- 

 15... -- 16.0 11.7 612 7.4 0.1 -- 0.429 0.370 -- -- -- -- 

 
50

423556088365001 DELAVAN LAKE AT CENTER NEAR DELAVAN LAKE, WI

WATER-QUALITY DATA, AUGUST 19 TO SEPTEMBER 9, 2014

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

 Specif- Chloro- Ortho- Ammonia Ammonia

 ic pH, phyll a Phos- phos- Total + + 

 Trans- conduc- water, trichro phorus, phate, nitro- Ammonia org-N, org-N,

 parency Sam- Temper- tance, unfltrd Dis- -matic water, water, gen, water, water, water,

 Secchi pling ature, wat unf field, solved method, unfltrd fltrd, water, fltrd, fltrd, unfltrd

 Date disc, depth, water, uS/cm @ std oxygen, uncorr, mg/L mg/L unfltrd mg/L mg/L mg/L 

 meters meters deg C 25 degC units mg/L ug/L as P as P mg/L as N as N as N 

 (00078) (00098) (00010) (00095) (00400) (00300) (32210) (00665) (00671) (00600) (00608) (00623) (00625)

AUG 

 19... 3.30 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 19... -- 0.50 23.6 575 8.6 8.6 9.67 0.022 0.002 <0.75 <0.015 0.74 0.73 

 19... -- 9.0 22.1 585 8.1 3.5 -- 0.023 0.026 -- -- -- -- 

 19... -- 11.0 16.5 604 7.6 0.6 -- 0.059 -- -- -- -- -- 

 19... -- 13.0 12.6 617 7.5 0.4 -- 0.327 0.263 -- -- -- -- 

 19... -- 14.0 12.1 624 7.5 0.3 -- 0.374 -- -- -- -- -- 

 19... -- 15.0 11.8 633 7.5 0.3 -- 0.471 -- -- -- -- -- 

 19... -- 16.0 11.5 649 7.4 0.2 -- 0.579 0.420 -- -- -- -- 

SEP 

 09... 3.20 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 09... -- 0.50 23.6 564 9.2 8.2 6.61 0.009 0.002 <0.68 <0.015 0.70 0.66 

 09... -- 9.0 23.0 566 9.1 7.0 -- 0.019 0.006 -- -- -- -- 

 09... -- 13.0 12.8 614 8.0 0.3 -- 0.321 0.293 -- -- -- -- 

 09... -- 16.0 11.8 633 7.7 0.2 -- 0.513 0.468 -- -- -- -- 

 Nitrate Turbdty Appar- ANC, 

 + white ent wat unf 

 nitrite light, color, Hard- Magnes- Potas- fixed Chlor- Silica, 

 water, det ang water, ness, Calcium ium, Sodium, sium, end pt, ide, Sulfate water, Iron, 

 fltrd, 90+/-30 unfltrd water, water, water, water, water, lab, water, water, fltrd, water,

 Date mg/L degrees Pt-Co mg/L as fltrd, fltrd, fltrd, fltrd, mg/L as unfltrd fltrd, mg/L as fltrd,

 as N NTU units CaCO3 mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L CaCO3 mg/L mg/L SiO2 ug/L 

 (00631) (63675) (00081) (00900) (00915) (00925) (00930) (00935) (00417) (99220) (00945) (00955) (01046)

 

NOV 2013 

 19... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 19... 0.117 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

MAR 2014 

 04... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 04... 0.249 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 04... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 
51

423556088365001 DELAVAN LAKE AT CENTER NEAR DELAVAN LAKE, WI

WATER-QUALITY DATA, MAY 15 TO SEPTEMBER 9, 2014

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

 

 Nitrate Turbdty Appar- ANC, 

 + white ent wat unf 

 nitrite light, color, Hard- Magnes- Potas- fixed Chlor- Silica, 

 water, det ang water, ness, Calcium ium, Sodium, sium, end pt, ide, Sulfate water, Iron, 

 fltrd, 90+/-30 unfltrd water, water, water, water, water, lab, water, water, fltrd, water,

 Date mg/L degrees Pt-Co mg/L as fltrd, fltrd, fltrd, fltrd, mg/L as unfltrd fltrd, mg/L as fltrd,

 as N NTU units CaCO3 mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L CaCO3 mg/L mg/L SiO2 ug/L 

 (00631) (63675) (00081) (00900) (00915) (00925) (00930) (00935) (00417) (99220) (00945) (00955) (01046)

 

MAY 

 15... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 15... 0.098 0.5 10 230 40.7 31.1 32.5 2.68 190 65 25.0 0.698 <0.100 

 15... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

JUN 

 27... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 27... <0.019 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 27... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 27... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 27... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

JUL 

 15... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 15... <0.019 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 15... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 15... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 15... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

AUG 

 19... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 19... <0.019 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 19... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 19... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 19... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 19... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 19... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 19... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

SEP 

 09... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 09... <0.019 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 09... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 09... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 09... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 
52

423556088365001 DELAVAN LAKE AT CENTER NEAR DELAVAN LAKE, WI

WATER-QUALITY DATA, NOVEMBER 13, 2013 TO MAY 15, 2014

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

 Dis- 

 solved

 Manga- solids

 nese, dried @

 water, 180degC

 Date fltrd, wat flt

 ug/L mg/L 

 (01056) (70300)

 

NOV 2013 

 19... -- -- 

 19... -- -- 

MAR 2014 

 04... -- -- 

 04... -- -- 

 04... -- -- 

MAY 

 15... -- -- 

 15... <1.00 312 

 15... -- -- 
53

423556088365001 DELAVAN LAKE AT CENTER NEAR DELAVAN LAKE, WI

LAKE-DEPTH PROFILES, NOVEMBER 19, 2013 TO JUNE 27, 2014 

0 10 20 30

18

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

0 10 20

SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELSIUS

11-19-13 03-04-14 05-15-14

0 10 20 30

18

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

0 10 20

06-27-14

0 10 20 30

18

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

0 10 20

DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

0 10 20 30

18

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

0 10 20

400 900 1400

18

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

6 7 8 9 10

400 900 1400

18

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

6 7 8 9 10

400 900 1400

18

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

6 7 8 9 10

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS

W.T.

D.O.

S.C.

pH

400 900 1400

18

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

6 7 8 9 10

WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELSIUS

DEPTH, IN METERS DEPTH, IN METERS
54

423556088365001 DELAVAN LAKE AT CENTER NEAR DELAVAN LAKE, WI

LAKE-DEPTH PROFILES, JULY 15 TO SEPTEMBER 9, 2014

0 10 20 30

18

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

0 10 20

SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELSIUS

07-15-14

400 600 800 1000

18

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

6 7 8 9 10

400 600 800 1000

18

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

6 7 8 9 10

400 600 800 1000

18

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

6 7 8 9 10

WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELSIUS

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS

0 10 20 30

18

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

0 10 20

09-09-14

W.T.

D.O.

S.C.

pH

0 10 20 30

18

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

0 10 20

DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

08-19-14

DEPTH, IN METERS DEPTH, IN METERS
55

 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

Total Phosphorus

Chlorophyll a

Secchi depth

Eutrophic

 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 0

20

40

60

80

100

120

329 USGS

Sanitary District

 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

0.30

CHLOROPHYLL a CONCENTRATION, IN MICROGRAMS PER LITER SECCHI DEPTH, IN METERS TROPHIC STATE INDEX

Surface total phosphorus, chlorophyll a concentrations, Secchi depths,

 and TSI data for Delavan Lake, at Center, near Delavan, Wisconsin.

Mesotrophic

TOTAL PHOSPHORUS CONCENTRATION, IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

Oligotrophic
56

423659088354401 DELAVAN LAKE, AT NORTH END, NEAR LAKE LAWN, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 42°36'59", long 88°35'44", in NW 1⁄4 SW 1⁄4 sec.22, T.2 N., R.16 E., Walworth County, Hydrologic Unit 07090001, 2.6 mi southeast of Delavan.

SURFACE AREA--3.24 mi2. 

DRAINAGE AREA.--41.4 mi2, of which 2.3 mi2 is non-contributing.

PERIOD OF RECORD.--October 1983 to August 2009, March 2012 to September 2014. 

WATER-QUALITY DATA, NOVEMBER 19, 2013 TO SEPTEMBER 9, 2014

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

 

 Specif- Chloro- 

 ic pH, phyll a Phos- 

 Trans- conduc- water, trichro phorus,

 parency Sam- Temper- tance, unfltrd Dis- -matic water,

 Secchi pling ature, wat unf field, solved method, unfltrd

 Date disc, depth, water, uS/cm @ std oxygen, uncorr, mg/L 

 meters meters deg C 25 degC units mg/L ug/L as P 

 (00078) (00098) (00010) (00095) (00400) (00300) (32210) (00665)

 

NOV 2013 

 19... 4.60 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 19... -- 0.50 7.0 546 7.9 11.1 -- 0.037 

MAR 2014 

 04... 2.60 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 04... -- 1.0 1.7 592 8.0 12.6 -- 0.063 

MAY 

 15... 5.40 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 15... -- 0.50 12.4 564 8.2 12.0 1.43 0.034 

JUN 

 27... 2.35 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 27... -- 0.50 24.2 573 8.7 11.1 14.1 0.022 

JUL 

 15... 2.05 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 15... -- 0.50 23.5 565 8.6 8.6 9.67 0.025 

AUG 

 19... 3.30 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 19... -- 0.50 24.1 576 8.5 9.0 9.33 0.023 

SEP 

 09... 2.55 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 09... -- 0.50 23.8 562 8.9 8.6 6.85 0.023 
57

423659088354401 DELAVAN LAKE, AT NORTH END, NEAR LAKE LAWN, WI

LAKE-DEPTH PROFILES, NOVEMBER 19, 2013 TO JUNE 27, 2014

0 10 20 30

10

8

6

4

2

0

0 10 20

SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELSIUS

11-19-13 03-04-14 05-15-14

D.O.

0 10 20 30

10

8

6

4

2

0

0 10 20

06-27-14

0 10 20 30

10

8

6

4

2

0

0 10 20

DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

0 10 20 30

10

8

6

4

2

0

0 10 20

400 600 800 1000

10

8

6

4

2

0

6 7 8 9 10

S.C.

400 600 800 1000

10

8

6

4

2

0

6 7 8 9 10

400 600 800 1000

10

8

6

4

2

0

6 7 8 9 10

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS

W.T.

pH

400 600 800 1000

10

8

6

4

2

0

6 7 8 9 10

WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELSIUS

DEPTH, IN METERS DEPTH, IN METERS
58

423659088354401 DELAVAN LAKE, AT NORTH END, NEAR LAKE LAWN, WI

LAKE-DEPTH PROFILES, JULY 15 TO SEPTEMBER 9, 2014

0 10 20 30

10

8

6

4

2

0

0 10 20

SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELSIUS

07-15-14

400 600 800 1000

10

8

6

4

2

0

6 7 8 9 10

400 600 800 1000

10

8

6

4

2

0

6 7 8 9 10

400 600 800 1000

10

8

6

4

2

0

6 7 8 9 10

WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELSIUS

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS

0 10 20 30

10

8

6

4

2

0

0 10 20

09-09-14

W.T.

D.O.

S.C. pH

0 10 20 30

10

8

6

4

2

0

0 10 20

DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

08-19-14

DEPTH, IN METERS DEPTH, IN METERS
59

423526088380101 DELAVAN LAKE, AT SW END, NEAR DELAVAN LAKE, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 42°35'26", long 88°38'01", in SE 1⁄4 NW 1⁄4 sec.32, T.2 N., R.16 E., Walworth County, Hydrologic Unit 07090001, 2.6 mi southeast of Delavan.

SURFACE AREA--3.24 mi2. 

DRAINAGE AREA.--41.4 mi2, of which 2.3 mi2 is non-contributing.

PERIOD OF RECORD.-- October 1983 to August 2009, March 2012 to September 2014. 

 

WATER-QUALITY DATA, NOVEMBER 19, 2013 TO SEPTEMBER 9, 2014

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

 Specif- Chloro- 

 ic pH, phyll a Phos- 

 Trans- conduc- water, trichro phorus,

 parency Sam- Temper- tance, unfltrd Dis- -matic water,

 Secchi pling ature, wat unf field, solved method, unfltrd

 Date disc, depth, water, uS/cm @ std oxygen, uncorr, mg/L 

 meters meters deg C 25 degC units mg/L ug/L as P 

 (00078) (00098) (00010) (00095) (00400) (00300) (32210) (00665)

 

NOV 2013 

 19... 5.05 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 19... -- 0.50 7.1 545 7.8 10.5 -- 0.037 

MAR 2014 

 04... 2.30 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 04... -- 1.0 1.8 592 8.0 12.2 -- 0.051 

MAY 

 15... 8.40 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 15... -- 0.50 13.7 563 8.3 12.5 1.34 0.026 

JUN 

 27... 2.95 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 27... -- 0.50 25.0 570 8.8 11.0 10.5 0.022 

JUL 

 15... 2.65 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 15... -- 0.50 23.5 564 8.6 9.0 7.37 0.020 

AUG 

 19... 3.30 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 19... -- 0.50 23.0 574 8.5 7.6 8.26 0.020 

SEP 

 09... 2.70 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 09... -- 0.50 23.5 563 9.0 8.2 6.95 0.022 

 
60

423526088380101 DELAVAN LAKE, AT SW END, NEAR DELAVAN LAKE, WI

LAKE-DEPTH PROFILES, NOVEMBER 19, 2013 TO JUNE 27, 2014 

0 10 20 30

10

8

6

4

2

0

0 10 20

DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

0 10 20 30

10

8

6

4

2

0

0 10 20

0 10 20 30

10

8

6

4

2

0

0 10 20

SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELSIUS

11-19-13 03-04-14 05-15-14

0 10 20 30

10

8

6

4

2

0

0 10 20

06-27-14

400 600 800 1000

10

8

6

4

2

0

6 7 8 9 10

400 600 800 1000

10

8

6

4

2

0

6 7 8 9 10

400 600 800 1000

10

8

6

4

2

0

6 7 8 9 10

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS

W.T.

pH

400 600 800 1000

10

8

6

4

2

0

6 7 8 9 10

WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELSIUS

DEPTH, IN METERS DEPTH, IN METERS

D.O.

S.C.
61

423526088380101 DELAVAN LAKE, AT SW END, NEAR DELAVAN LAKE, WI

LAKE-DEPTH PROFILES, JULY 15 TO SEPTEMBER 9, 2014

0 10 20 30

10

8

6

4

2

0

0 10 20

SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELSIUS

07-15-14

400 600 800 1000

10

8

6

4

2

0

6 7 8 9 10

400 600 800 1000

10

8

6

4

2

0

6 7 8 9 10

400 600 800 1000

10

8

6

4

2

0

6 7 8 9 10

WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELSIUS

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS

0 10 20 30

10

8

6

4

2

0

0 10 20

09-09-14

W.T.

D.O.

S.C.

pH

0 10 20 30

10

8

6

4

2

0

0 10 20

DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

08-19-14

DEPTH, IN METERS DEPTH, IN METERS
62

05404500 DEVILS LAKE NEAR BARABOO, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 43°25′35′′, long 89°43′40′′ referenced to North American Datum of 1927, in SW 1⁄4 SE 1⁄4 sec.13, T.11 N., R.6 E., Sauk County, WI, Hydrologic Unit 

07070004, in Devils Lake State Park, 3.5 mi south of Baraboo. 

SURFACE AREA.--0.56 mi2. 

DRAINAGE AREA.--4.79 mi2. 

PERIOD OF RECORD.--June 1922 to August 1930, June to August 1932, June 1934 to September 1981 (fragmentary). October 1981 to September 1984, data 

unpublished in district files. October 1984 to current year. 

REVISED RECORDS.--WDR WI-78-1: Drainage area. 

GAGE.--Water-stage recorder installed July 17, 1991. Datum of gage is 954.88 ft, above NAVD of 1988. 

REMARKS.--Lake has no surface outlet. Water removed from lake by bottom withdrawal pipe, June 2-16, June 19 to July 8, and Sept. 4-30. 

EXTREMES FOR PERIOD OF RECORD.--Maximum observed, 14.83 ft, June 12, 2008; minimum observed, 1.49 ft, Feb. 8, 1965. 

GAGE HEIGHT, FEET

WATER YEAR OCTOBER 2013 TO SEPTEMBER 2014 

DAILY MEAN VALUES

DAY OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP

1 7.43 7.10 7.03 7.02 6.97 6.99 7.17 9.04 9.26 9.29 8.37 7.97

2 7.41 7.09 7.03 7.02 6.97 6.99 7.17 9.07 9.46 9.24 8.36 7.95

3 7.40 7.09 7.05 7.01 6.97 6.98 7.18 9.09 9.49 9.19 8.34 7.93

4 7.41 7.08 7.05 7.01 6.97 6.99 7.19 9.09 9.48 9.15 8.33 7.97

5 7.42 7.08 7.04 7.00 6.97 7.00 7.20 9.10 9.46 9.09 8.33 7.94

6 7.41 7.20 7.03 6.99 6.97 7.00 7.20 9.10 9.42 9.04 8.31 7.89

7 7.39 7.20 7.02 6.99 6.96 6.99 7.20 9.10 9.38 8.99 8.29 7.85

8 7.38 7.19 7.01 6.99 6.96 6.99 7.22 9.11 9.33 8.96 8.26 7.82

9 7.36 7.18 7.02 6.98 6.96 6.99 7.22 9.12 9.29 8.93 8.24 7.78

10 7.34 7.16 7.01 6.98 6.96 6.98 7.21 9.11 9.24 8.90 8.21 7.77

11 7.33 7.16 7.01 6.99 6.95 6.98 7.21 9.10 9.19 8.87 8.19 7.72

12 7.31 7.14 7.01 6.99 6.96 6.99 7.22 9.17 9.14 8.85 8.16 7.69

13 7.29 7.13 7.00 6.99 6.96 6.99 7.48 9.24 9.07 8.85 8.13 7.66

14 7.27 7.11 7.00 7.00 6.96 6.98 8.15 9.24 9.01 8.82 8.10 7.63

15 7.29 7.10 6.99 7.01 6.96 6.98 8.28 9.24 8.96 8.78 8.08 7.61

16 7.29 7.11 6.99 7.00 6.96 6.98 8.33 9.22 8.91 8.77 8.06 7.60

17 7.28 7.15 7.00 7.00 6.97 6.98 8.34 9.21 9.02 8.74 8.04 7.57

18 7.26 7.17 7.00 7.00 6.98 6.98 8.36 9.20 9.20 8.72 8.02 7.55

19 7.24 7.16 6.99 7.00 6.98 6.99 8.37 9.20 9.44 8.69 8.03 7.53

20 7.23 7.15 7.00 7.00 6.99 6.99 8.38 9.19 9.52 8.67 8.02 7.53

21 7.21 7.15 6.99 6.99 7.02 6.99 8.39 9.18 9.52 8.65 8.02 7.53

22 7.19 7.14 7.01 6.99 7.01 6.99 8.39 9.16 9.50 8.63 8.02 7.51

23 7.17 7.12 7.02 6.99 7.01 6.99 8.39 9.15 9.47 8.60 8.01 7.50

24 7.15 7.11 7.01 6.98 7.00 6.99 8.44 9.13 9.43 8.57 7.99 7.48

25 7.14 7.10 7.03 6.97 6.99 6.99 8.52 9.11 9.39 8.54 8.05 7.45

26 7.11 7.08 7.03 6.99 6.99 6.98 8.54 9.09 9.35 8.50 8.05 7.43

27 7.10 7.07 7.03 6.98 6.99 7.00 8.56 9.11 9.30 8.48 8.03 7.41

28 7.08 7.06 7.03 6.98 6.99 7.08 8.65 9.18 9.25 8.45 8.01 7.39

29 7.06 7.05 7.02 6.98 --- 7.10 8.86 9.16 9.24 8.42 7.99 7.37

30 7.06 7.04 7.02 6.98 --- 7.11 8.99 9.13 9.30 8.40 7.99 7.35

31 7.09 --- 7.02 6.97 --- 7.14 --- 9.11 --- 8.38 7.99 ---

MEAN 7.26 7.12 7.02 6.99 6.98 7.00 7.93 9.14 9.30 8.78 8.13 7.65

MAX 7.43 7.20 7.05 7.02 7.02 7.14 8.99 9.24 9.52 9.29 8.37 7.97

MIN 7.06 7.04 6.99 6.97 6.95 6.98 7.17 9.04 8.91 8.38 7.99 7.35
63

1935 1939 1943 1947 1951 1955 1959 1963 1967 1971 1975 1979 1983 1987 1991 1995 1999 2003 2007 2011 2015

0

5

10

15

GAGE HEIGHT, IN FEET

MIN

MAX

 

Annual minimum and maximum water levels for Devils Lake, 1936-2014.
64

423525088260400 GENEVA LAKE AT LAKE GENEVA, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 42°35′25′′, long 88°26′04′′ referenced to North American Datum of 1927, in SE 1⁄4 NW 1⁄4 sec.36, T.2 N., R.17 E., Walworth County, WI, Hydrologic 

Unit 07120006, at Geneva Lake dam at Center Street at Lake Geneva. 

SURFACE AREA.--8.22 mi2. 

DRAINAGE AREA.--28.7 mi2. 

PERIOD OF RECORD.--October 1997 to August 2002, December 2002 to current year. 

GAGE.--Water-stage recorder. Datum of gage is 861.86 ft above NAVD of 1988 or 862.08 ft above NGVD of 1929. Intermittent staff-gage readings during winter 

months. 

REMARKS.—Records good except for estimated days, which are poor. Gage-height telemeter at station. 

EXTREMES FOR PERIOD OF RECORD.--Maximum gage height, 3.47 ft, Apr. 17, 2013; minimum gage height, 1.38 ft, Oct. 13, 2012 (affected by wind). 

EXTREMES FOR CURRENT YEAR.--Maximum gage height observed, 3.09 ft (affected by wind), June 19; minimum gage height, 1.75 ft (affected by wind), Oct. 20. 

GAGE HEIGHT, FEET

WATER YEAR OCTOBER 2013 TO SEPTEMBER 2014 

DAILY MEAN VALUES

[e, estimated]

DAY OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP

1 2.27 1.93 2.16 2.33 2.50 2.31 2.44 2.64 2.61 2.83 2.41 2.58

2 2.25 1.92 2.16 2.34 2.50 2.31 2.43 2.62 2.66 2.79 2.42 2.56

3 2.25 1.91 2.18 2.34 2.50 2.29 2.43 2.62 2.64 2.78 2.42 2.54

4 2.28 1.92 2.20 2.35 2.49 2.28 2.45 2.60 2.62 2.75 2.44 2.59

5 2.33 1.92 2.22 2.37 2.50 2.29 2.45 2.58 2.62 2.73 2.52 2.60

6 2.39 1.97 2.19 2.37 2.50 2.27 2.45 2.57 2.61 2.71 2.51 2.58

7 2.35 1.97 2.18 2.37 2.50 2.26 2.45 2.56 2.60 2.71 2.50 2.56

8 2.29 1.97 2.18 2.37 2.50 2.25 2.47 2.57 2.59 2.71 2.48 2.54

9 2.26 1.98 2.22 2.38 2.50 2.24 2.47 2.61 2.57 2.67 2.47 2.52

10 2.21 1.96 2.21 2.40 2.50 2.22 2.47 2.60 2.55 2.65 2.46 2.55

11 2.18 1.96 2.19 2.46 2.49 2.21 2.47 2.59 2.62 2.63 2.47 2.51

12 2.15 1.96 2.19 2.46 2.49 2.21 2.48 2.62 2.65 2.62 2.49 2.49

13 2.11 1.98 2.16 2.47 2.49 2.20 2.51 2.80 2.62 2.64 2.48 2.48

14 2.06 1.95 2.17 2.48 2.48 2.20 2.60 2.78 2.60 2.62 2.46 2.46

15 2.04 1.93 2.18 2.49 2.45 2.20 2.61 2.76 2.60 2.59 2.45 2.44

16 2.03 1.94 2.17 2.49 2.43 2.19 2.59 2.75 2.58 2.56 2.45 2.43

17 1.99 2.07 2.19 2.49 2.42 2.19 2.59 2.73 2.70 2.55 2.42 2.42

18 1.97 2.16 2.18 2.49 2.42 2.20 2.58 2.71 2.80 2.54 2.43 2.40

19 1.93 2.15 2.18 2.50 2.41 2.23 2.57 2.69 2.90 2.53 2.49 2.41

20 1.88 2.15 2.20 2.49 2.43 2.25 2.57 2.68 2.95 2.53 2.49 2.41

21 1.90 2.17 2.20 2.50 2.46 2.26 2.57 2.67 2.93 2.52 2.50 2.40

22 1.90 2.19 2.26 2.49 2.43 2.28 2.57 2.66 2.91 2.52 2.52 2.38

23 1.89 2.18 2.28 2.50 2.41 2.29 2.55 2.64 2.88 2.49 2.53 2.38

24 1.88 2.19 2.27 2.49 2.39 2.30 2.55 2.63 2.86 2.48 2.54 2.37

25 1.88 2.20 2.28 2.49 e2.37 2.31 2.56 2.62 2.83 2.47 2.58 2.37

26 1.85 2.17 2.28 2.49 2.36 2.31 2.55 2.62 2.79 2.45 2.62 2.37

27 1.84 2.16 2.29 2.49 2.33 2.33 2.52 2.62 2.77 2.47 2.62 2.37

28 1.81 2.16 2.29 2.49 2.31 2.39 2.56 2.64 2.76 2.44 2.60 2.37

29 1.81 2.15 2.30 2.49 --- 2.40 2.62 2.62 2.77 2.43 2.61 2.37

30 1.82 2.16 2.30 2.48 --- 2.41 2.64 2.61 2.79 2.42 2.62 2.35

31 1.89 --- 2.31 2.48 --- 2.42 --- 2.61 --- 2.42 2.59 ---

MEAN 2.05 2.05 2.22 2.45 2.45 2.27 2.53 2.65 2.71 2.59 2.50 2.46

MAX 2.39 2.20 2.31 2.50 2.50 2.42 2.64 2.80 2.95 2.83 2.62 2.60

MIN 1.81 1.91 2.16 2.33 2.31 2.19 2.43 2.56 2.55 2.42 2.41 2.35
65

 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

GAGE HEIGHT, IN FEET

STAFF GAGE READING

 

 Stage hydrograph for Geneva Lake, 1997-2014.
66

423329088323300 GENEVA LAKE AT WEST END NEAR WILLIAMS BAY, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 42°33'29", long 88°32'33", in NE 1⁄4 SE 1⁄4 sec.12, T.1 N., R.16 E., Walworth County, Hydrologic Unit 07120006, 1.3 mi south of Williams Bay.

SURFACE AREA.--8.22 mi2. 

DRAINAGE AREA.--28.7 mi2. 

PERIOD OF RECORD.--April 1997 to current year.

REMARKS.--Lake sampled at deep hole at a depth of about 43 m. Water-quality analyses done by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene. Samples for

 determination of chlorophyll a concentration are collected from the top 0.5 m of the lake.

WATER-QUALITY DATA, NOVEMBER 19, 2013 TO SEPTEMBER 9, 2014

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

 Specif- Chloro- Ortho- Ammonia Ammonia

 ic pH, phyll a Phos- phos- Total + + 

 Trans- conduc- water, trichro phorus, phate, nitro- Ammonia org-N, org-N,

 parency Sam- Temper- tance, unfltrd Dis- -matic water, water, gen, water, water, water,

 Secchi pling ature, wat unf field, solved method, unfltrd fltrd, water, fltrd, fltrd, unfltrd

 Date disc, depth, water, uS/cm @ std oxygen, uncorr, mg/L mg/L unfltrd mg/L mg/L mg/L 

 meters meters deg C 25 degC units mg/L ug/L as P as P mg/L as N as N as N 

 (00078) (00098) (00010) (00095) (00400) (00300) (32210) (00665) (00671) (00600) (00608) (00623) (00625)

 

NOV 2013 

 19... 8.45 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 19... -- 0.50 8.0 528 7.3 9.8 1.90 0.015 0.008 0.42 <0.015 0.33 0.35 

MAR 2014 

 04... -- 1.0 0.7 547 8.3 13.9 -- 0.017 -- -- -- -- -- 

 04... -- 30.0 2.2 549 8.2 11.3 -- 0.016 -- -- -- -- -- 

MAY 

 13... 4.90 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 13... -- 0.50 10.7 531 8.5 12.6 3.32 0.010 0.002 0.36 <0.015 -- 0.34 

JUN 

 26... 3.95 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 26... -- 0.50 23.1 530 8.6 9.3 2.38 0.011 <0.002 <0.42 <0.015 0.50 0.40 

 26... -- 7.0 22.6 530 8.7 9.3 -- 0.013 -- -- -- -- -- 

 26... -- 10.0 11.6 534 8.5 12.1 -- 0.013 -- -- -- -- -- 

 26... -- 33.0 7.0 541 8.2 9.6 -- 0.009 -- -- -- -- -- 

 26... -- 38.0 6.9 544 8.0 7.8 -- 0.014 -- -- -- -- -- 

 26... -- 42.0 6.8 545 8.0 6.9 -- 0.020 -- -- -- -- -- 

JUL 

 29... 7.60 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 29... -- 0.50 22.6 522 8.5 8.5 2.65 0.011 0.009 <0.40 <0.015 0.34 0.38 

 29... -- 8.0 22.6 522 8.6 8.4 -- 0.011 -- -- -- -- -- 

 29... -- 13.0 11.1 525 8.3 9.7 -- 0.012 -- -- -- -- -- 

 29... -- 35.0 7.0 531 7.5 6.5 -- 0.010 -- -- -- -- -- 

 29... -- 38.0 6.9 531 7.4 4.9 -- 0.011 -- -- -- -- -- 

 29... -- 42.0 6.8 535 7.3 2.8 -- 0.021 <0.002 0.59 0.056 0.45 0.41 

 
67

423329088323300 GENEVA LAKE AT WEST END NEAR WILLIAMS BAY, WI

WATER-QUALITY DATA, NOVEMBER 19, 2013 TO SEPTEMBER 9, 2014

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

 Specif- Chloro- Ortho- Ammonia Ammonia

 ic pH, phyll a Phos- phos- Total + + 

 Trans- conduc- water, trichro phorus, phate, nitro- Ammonia org-N, org-N,

 parency Sam- Temper- tance, unfltrd Dis- -matic water, water, gen, water, water, water,

 Secchi pling ature, wat unf field, solved method, unfltrd fltrd, water, fltrd, fltrd, unfltrd

 Date disc, depth, water, uS/cm @ std oxygen, uncorr, mg/L mg/L unfltrd mg/L mg/L mg/L 

 meters meters deg C 25 degC units mg/L ug/L as P as P mg/L as N as N as N 

 (00078) (00098) (00010) (00095) (00400) (00300) (32210) (00665) (00671) (00600) (00608) (00623) (00625)

 

AUG 

 19... 3.65 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 19... -- 0.50 23.4 535 8.5 8.7 2.77 0.011 <0.002 <0.55 <0.015 0.60 0.54 

 19... -- 8.0 22.9 537 8.6 8.5 -- 0.014 -- -- -- -- -- 

 19... -- 14.0 10.1 543 8.1 8.6 -- 0.014 -- -- -- -- -- 

 19... -- 33.0 7.1 548 7.6 5.6 -- 0.009 -- -- -- -- -- 

 19... -- 38.0 6.9 551 7.4 3.8 -- 0.011 -- -- -- -- -- 

 19... -- 43.0 6.8 554 7.3 1.2 -- 0.021 -- -- -- -- -- 

SEP 

 09... 5.00 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 09... -- 0.50 23.1 528 8.7 8.6 3.41 0.011 <0.002 <0.48 <0.015 0.59 0.46 

 09... -- 10.0 23.1 528 8.8 8.5 -- 0.014 <0.002 <0.60 <0.015 0.68 0.58 

 09... -- 14.0 11.2 538 7.7 7.1 -- 0.013 <0.002 <0.61 0.022 0.57 0.59 

 09... -- 33.0 7.2 542 7.0 4.5 -- 0.012 0.002 0.59 0.018 0.61 0.37 

 09... -- 42.0 6.8 550 6.7 0.3 -- 0.043 0.027 0.73 0.236 0.73 0.70 

 09... -- 43.0 6.8 550 6.7 0.2 -- 0.041 0.025 0.83 0.215 0.74 0.78 

 Nitrate Turbdty Appar- ANC, 

 + white ent wat unf 

 nitrite light, color, Hard- Magnes- Potas- fixed Chlor- Silica, 

 water, det ang water, ness, Calcium ium, Sodium, sium, end pt, ide, Sulfate water, Iron, 

 fltrd, 90+/-30 unfltrd water, water, water, water, water, lab, water, water, fltrd, water,

 Date mg/L degrees Pt-Co mg/L as fltrd, fltrd, fltrd, fltrd, mg/L as fltrd, fltrd, mg/L as fltrd,

 as N NTU units CaCO3 mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L CaCO3 mg/L mg/L SiO2 ug/L 

 (00631) (63675) (00081) (00900) (00915) (00925) (00930) (00935) (00417) (00940) (00945) (00955) (01046)

 

NOV 2013 

 19... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 19... 0.078 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

MAR 2014 

 04... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 04... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

MAY 

 13... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 13... 0.023 0.5 5 236 34.4 36.4 22.7 2.05 199 46 27.5 2.50 <0.100 

JUN 

 26... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 26... <0.019 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 26... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 26... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 26... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 
68

 

423329088323300 GENEVA LAKE AT WEST END NEAR WILLIAMS BAY, WI

WATER-QUALITY DATA, NOVEMBER 19, 2013 TO SEPTEMBER 9, 2014

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

 Nitrate Turbdty Appar- ANC, 

 + white ent wat unf 

 nitrite light, color, Hard- Magnes- Potas- fixed Chlor- Silica, 

 water, det ang water, ness, Calcium ium, Sodium, sium, end pt, ide, Sulfate water, Iron, 

 fltrd, 90+/-30 unfltrd water, water, water, water, water, lab, water, water, fltrd, water,

 Date mg/L degrees Pt-Co mg/L as fltrd, fltrd, fltrd, fltrd, mg/L as fltrd, fltrd, mg/L as fltrd,

 as N NTU units CaCO3 mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L CaCO3 mg/L mg/L SiO2 ug/L 

 (00631) (63675) (00081) (00900) (00915) (00925) (00930) (00935) (00417) (00940) (00945) (00955) (01046)

 

JUL 

 29... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 29... <0.019 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 29... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 29... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 29... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 29... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 29... 0.179 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

AUG 

 19... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 19... <0.019 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 19... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 19... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 19... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 19... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 19... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

SEP 

 09... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 09... <0.019 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 09... <0.019 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 09... <0.019 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 09... 0.216 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 09... 0.034 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 09... 0.049 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 Dis- 

 solved

 Manga- solids

 nese, dried @

 water, 180degC

 Date fltrd, wat flt

 ug/L mg/L 

 (01056) (70300)

 

MAY 

 13... -- -- 

 13... <1.00 256 
69

423329088323300 GENEVA LAKE AT WEST END NEAR WILLIAMS BAY, WI

LAKE-DEPTH PROFILES, NOVEMBER 19, 2013 TO JUNE 26, 2014 

400 600 800 1000

45

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

6 7 8 9 10

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS

0 10 20 30

45

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

0 10 20

SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELSIUS

11-19-13 03-04-14 05-13-14

0 10 20 30

45

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

0 10 20

06-26-14

0 10 20 30

45

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

0 10 20

DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

0 10 20 30

45

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

0 10 20

400 600 800 1000

45

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

6 7 8 9 10

400 600 800 1000

45

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

6 7 8 9 10

W.T.

D.O.

S.C. pH

400 600 800 1000

45

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

6 7 8 9 10

WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELSIUS

DEPTH, IN METERS DEPTH, IN METERS
70

423329088323300 GENEVA LAKE AT WEST END NEAR WILLIAMS BAY, WI

LAKE-DEPTH PROFILES, JULY 29 TO SEPTEMBER 9, 2014

0 10 20 30

45

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

0 10 20

SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELSIUS

07-29-14

400 600 800 1000

45

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

6 7 8 9 10

400 600 800 1000

45

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

6 7 8 9 10

400 600 800 1000

45

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

6 7 8 9 10

WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELSIUS

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS

0 10 20 30

45

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

0 10 20

09-09-14

W.T.

D.O.

S.C.

pH

0 10 20 30

45

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

0 10 20

DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

08-19-14

DEPTH, IN METERS DEPTH, IN METERS
71

 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 10

20

30

40

50

60

Total Phosphorus

Chlorophyll a

Secchi depth

 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 0

5

10

15

 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 0.00

0.01

0.03

0.04

CHLOROPHYLL a CONCENTRATION, IN MICROGRAMS PER LITER SECCHI DEPTH, IN METERS TROPHIC STATE INDEX

 Surface total phosphorus, chlorophyll a concentrations, Secchi depths,

and TSI data for Geneva Lake, West End, near Williams Bay, Wisconsin.

(Open circles on the first two plots indicate laboratory detection limit for selected analyses.

 Actual concentrations for these particular analyses are less than the plotted circles.)

Eutrophic

Mesotrophic

TOTAL PHOSPHORUS CONCENTRATION, IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

Oligotrophic
72

434840089000001 GREEN LAKE AT GREEN LAKE, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 43°48′40′′, long 89°00′00′′ referenced to North American Datum of 1983, in SE 1⁄4 SW 1⁄4 sec.31, T.16 N., R.13 E., Green Lake 

County, WI, Hydrologic Unit 04030201, on left bank at upstream side of County Highway K, 11.6 mi southwest of Green Lake. 

SURFACE AREA.--11.48 mi2. 

DRAINAGE AREA.--103 mi2; including surface area of Green Lake.

PERIOD OF RECORD.--October 1993 to May 2012, October 2012 to September 2013. Data from October 1993 to May 2012 previously 

available as 434928088553601 Green Lake at County Trunk HWY A near Green Lake, WI. 

GAGE.--Water-stage recorder. Datum of gage is 790.132 ft above NAVD of 1988 (from Wisconsin Department of Transportation Benchmark). 

COOPERATION.--Operated in cooperation with Green Lake Sanitary District.

REMARKS.--Lake level regulated by dam at outlet at Green Lake. Gage-height telemeter at station. 

EXTREMES FOR PERIOD OF RECORD.--Maximum recorded gage height, 8.67 ft, June 15, 2008; minimum recorded, 5.27 ft, Nov. 5, 2005. 

EXTREMES FOR CURRENT YEAR.--Maximum recorded gage height, 6.96 ft, Jun. 18; minimum recorded gage height, 5.81 ft, Apr. 4. 

GAGE HEIGHT, FEET

WATER YEAR OCTOBER 2013 TO SEPTEMBER 2014

DAILY MEAN VALUES

[e, estimated]

DAY OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP

1 6.17 6.10 6.24 6.17 6.17 6.15 6.18 6.55 6.56 6.62 6.47 6.48

2 6.17 6.12 6.23 6.17 6.16 6.15 6.17 6.54 6.82 6.65 6.48 6.48

3 6.18 6.12 6.26 6.16 6.17 6.14 6.16 6.56 6.85 6.65 6.49 6.47

4 6.19 6.12 6.27 6.17 6.16 6.14 6.17 6.56 6.85 6.65 6.53 6.46

5 6.19 6.14 6.24 6.16 6.17 6.15 6.16 6.56 6.82 6.63 6.52 6.48

6 6.18 6.21 6.24 6.16 6.16 6.14 6.15 6.55 6.78 6.64 6.52 6.47

7 6.17 6.22 6.23 6.15 6.14 6.14 6.14 6.57 6.77 6.66 6.48 6.46

8 6.16 6.21 6.23 6.15 6.15 6.13 6.14 6.56 6.78 6.72 6.47 6.44

9 6.15 6.21 6.21 6.15 6.15 6.12 6.13 6.56 6.73 6.70 6.46 6.43

10 6.14 6.21 6.20 6.16 6.15 6.12 6.14 6.56 6.69 6.66 6.45 6.44

11 6.14 6.23 6.19 6.18 6.15 6.12 6.14 6.57 6.66 6.60 6.45 6.42

12 6.12 6.21 6.18 6.18 6.15 6.14 6.20 6.69 6.61 6.60 6.45 6.40

13 6.12 6.18 6.20 6.17 6.16 6.12 6.39 6.76 6.58 6.62 6.44 6.38

14 6.12 6.19 6.19 6.18 6.15 6.13 6.66 6.75 6.57 6.63 6.43 6.35

15 6.12 6.19 6.17 6.20 6.15 6.16 6.67 6.75 6.53 6.60 6.41 6.35

16 6.13 6.19 6.16 6.20 6.15 6.17 6.67 6.71 6.54 6.60 6.40 6.35

17 6.13 6.25 6.16 6.19 6.17 6.18 6.67 6.68 6.67 6.60 6.42 6.34

18 6.12 6.28 6.16 6.20 6.18 6.18 6.66 6.65 6.79 6.58 6.41 6.34

19 6.11 6.28 6.17 6.19 6.17 6.18 6.63 6.62 6.82 6.57 6.55 6.31

20 6.12 6.28 6.18 6.19 6.19 6.17 6.60 6.62 6.82 6.56 6.57 6.33

21 6.09 6.28 6.17 6.19 6.19 6.17 6.58 6.60 6.80 6.55 6.58 6.37

22 6.08 6.29 6.19 6.18 6.19 6.16 6.56 6.57 6.78 6.55 6.60 6.35

23 6.07 6.30 6.18 6.17 6.18 6.15 6.53 6.57 6.76 6.53 6.60 6.35

24 6.05 6.27 6.18 6.17 6.18 6.13 6.52 6.56 6.72 6.51 6.58 6.34

25 6.03 6.25 6.19 6.17 6.16 6.12 6.51 6.55 6.70 6.50 6.60 6.35

26 6.02 6.27 6.18 6.18 6.16 6.10 6.49 6.54 6.65 6.49 6.61 6.35

27 6.01 6.25 6.18 6.17 6.16 6.10 6.48 6.54 6.60 6.50 6.57 6.35

28 6.04 6.24 6.18 6.17 6.15 6.18 6.51 6.55 6.56 6.50 6.53 6.34

29 6.01 6.23 6.18 6.17 --- 6.19 6.56 6.56 6.56 6.48 6.52 6.36

30 6.00 6.23 6.17 6.17 --- 6.19 6.56 6.55 6.60 6.50 6.50 6.35

31 6.07 --- 6.18 6.17 --- 6.19 --- 6.53 --- 6.49 6.49 ---

MEAN 6.11 6.22 6.20 6.17 6.16 6.15 6.40 6.60 6.70 6.59 6.50 6.39

MAX 6.19 6.30 6.27 6.20 6.19 6.19 6.67 6.76 6.85 6.72 6.61 6.48

MIN 6.00 6.10 6.16 6.15 6.14 6.10 6.13 6.53 6.53 6.48 6.40 6.31
73

 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 5

6

7

8

9

10

GAGE HEIGHT, IN FEET

 Stage hydrograph for Green Lake, 1993-2014.
74

434756089020500 GREEN LAKE AT DEEP HOLE NEAR GREEN LAKE, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 43°47'56", long 89°02'05", in NW 1⁄4 SE 1⁄4 sec.2, T.15 N., R.12 E., Green Lake County, Hydrologic Unit 04030201, about 5 miles southwest of the City of Green Lake.

SURFACE AREA.--11.48 mi2. 

PERIOD OF RECORD.--May 2004 to current year. Lake sampled by Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources prior to 2004.

REMARKS.--Water-quality analyses done by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene. A “*” indicates data that were collected by Mary Jane Bumby, Citizen Lake Monitoring Volunteer.

WATER-QUALITY DATA, MARCH 5 TO SEPTEMBER 25, 2014

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

 Specif- Chloro- Ortho- Ammonia Ammonia

 ic pH, phyll a Phos- phos- Total + + 

 Trans- conduc- water, trichro phorus, phate, nitro- Ammonia org-N, org-N,

 parency Sam- Temper- tance, unfltrd Dis- -matic water, water, gen, water, water, water,

 Secchi pling ature, wat unf field, solved method, unfltrd fltrd, water, fltrd, fltrd, unfltrd

 Date disc, depth, water, uS/cm @ std oxygen, uncorr, mg/L mg/L unfltrd mg/L mg/L mg/L 

 meters meters deg C 25 degC units mg/L ug/L as P as P mg/L as N as N as N 

 (00078) (00098) (00010) (00095) (00400) (00300) (32210) (00665) (00671) (00600) (00608) (00623) (00625)

 

MAR 2014 

 05... -- 1.0 1.3 536 8.2 12.7 -- 0.041 -- -- -- -- -- 

 05... -- 30.0 1.9 518 8.2 11.8 -- 0.039 -- -- -- -- -- 

MAY 

 14... 3.05 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 14... -- 0.50 8.3 508 6.8 14.3 13.6 0.034 -- 0.017 0.65 <0.015 -- 

 14... -- 6.0 6.9 513 6.6 13.4 -- 0.041 -- -- -- -- -- 

 *24... 1.40 0.10 13.3 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 *30... 2.40 0.10 21.1 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

JUN 

 *05... 2.10 0.10 20.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 *16... 6.70 0.10 19.4 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 *23... 11.6 0.10 23.3 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 25... 9.85 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 25... -- 0.50 22.9 500 8.7 8.8 1.81 0.016 0.008 0.002 <0.49 0.034 0.66 

 25... -- 67.0 4.6 522 7.8 5.9 -- 0.079 -- -- -- -- -- 

JUL 

 *02... 4.50 0.10 22.8 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 *03... 7.80 0.10 21.1 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 *10... 6.40 0.10 22.8 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 16... -- 0.50 21.6 506 8.7 9.5 4.47 0.014 -- <0.002 0.49 <0.015 0.46 

 16... -- 67.5 4.6 522 7.1 3.4 -- 0.143 -- -- -- -- -- 

 *16... 5.60 0.10 22.2 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 23... 5.25 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 23... -- 0.50 22.2 491 8.7 9.1 5.10 0.017 -- -- -- -- -- 

 23... -- 67.0 4.7 516 7.0 1.1 -- 0.220 -- -- -- -- -- 

 *24... 5.20 0.10 25.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 
75

434756089020500 GREEN LAKE AT DEEP HOLE NEAR GREEN LAKE, WI

WATER-QUALITY DATA, MARCH 5 TO SEPTEMBER 25, 2014

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

 Specif- Chloro- Ortho- Ammonia Ammonia

 ic pH, phyll a Phos- phos- Total + + 

 Trans- conduc- water, trichro phorus, phate, nitro- Ammonia org-N, org-N,

 parency Sam- Temper- tance, unfltrd Dis- -matic water, water, gen, water, water, water,

 Secchi pling ature, wat unf field, solved method, unfltrd fltrd, water, fltrd, fltrd, unfltrd

 Date disc, depth, water, uS/cm @ std oxygen, uncorr, mg/L mg/L unfltrd mg/L mg/L mg/L 

 meters meters deg C 25 degC units mg/L ug/L as P as P mg/L as N as N as N 

 (00078) (00098) (00010) (00095) (00400) (00300) (32210) (00665) (00671) (00600) (00608) (00623) (00625)

AUG 

 *06... 5.30 0.10 26.1 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 12... 4.45 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 12... -- 0.50 23.7 501 8.7 9.2 6.67 0.016 -- <0.002 <0.67 <0.015 0.51 

 12... -- 67.0 4.6 533 6.4 0.6 -- 0.164 -- -- -- -- -- 

 *14... 4.30 0.10 24.4 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 20... 5.35 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 20... -- 0.50 23.4 500 8.4 8.8 4.30 0.012 -- -- -- -- -- 

 20... -- 67.5 4.6 540 6.8 0.8 -- 0.248 -- -- -- -- -- 

 *26... 4.00 0.10 23.9 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

SEP 

 *07... 5.00 0.10 24.4 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 23... 5.85 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 23... -- 0.50 17.9 497 8.7 9.5 7.84 0.016 -- 0.003 <0.55 <0.015 0.60 

 23... -- 14.0 9.5 516 8.0 6.6 -- 0.012 -- -- -- -- -- 

 23... -- 50.0 4.8 518 7.9 9.3 -- 0.055 -- -- -- -- -- 

 23... -- 63.0 4.7 522 7.6 3.5 -- 0.128 -- -- -- -- -- 

 23... -- 66.0 4.6 531 7.5 0.2 -- 0.161 -- -- -- -- -- 

 23... -- 67.0 4.6 533 7.5 0.1 -- 0.268 -- -- -- -- -- 

 *25... 5.50 0.10 18.9 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 
76

434756089020500 GREEN LAKE AT DEEP HOLE NEAR GREEN LAKE, WI

WATER-QUALITY DATA, MARCH 5 TO SEPTEMBER 25, 2014

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

 Ammonia Nitrate Turbdty Appar- ANC, 

 + + white ent wat unf 

 org-N, nitrite light, color, Hard- Magnes- Potas- fixed Chlor- Silica,

 water, water, det ang water, ness, Calcium ium, Sodium, sium, end pt, ide, Sulfate water,

 unfltrd fltrd, 90+/-30 unfltrd water, water, water, water, water, lab, water, water, fltrd,

 Date mg/L mg/L degrees Pt-Co mg/L as fltrd, fltrd, fltrd, fltrd, mg/L as unfltrd fltrd, mg/L as

 as N as N NTU units CaCO3 mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L CaCO3 mg/L mg/L SiO2 

 (00625) (00631) (63675) (00081) (00900) (00915) (00925) (00930) (00935) (00417) (99220) (00945) (00955)

 

 

MAY 

 14... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 14... 0.44 0.205 1.0 10 227 32.9 35.1 19.3 3.34 196 39 28.5 0.936 

 14... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

JUN 

 25... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 25... 0.48 <0.019 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 25... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

JUL 

 16... 0.46 0.028 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 16... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 16... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

AUG 

 12... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 12... 0.65 <0.019 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 12... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

SEP 

 23... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 23... 0.53 <0.019 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 23... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 23... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 23... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 23... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 23... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 

 Dis- 

 solved

 Manga- solids

 Iron, nese, dried @

 water, water, 180degC

 Date fltrd, fltrd, wat flt

 ug/L ug/L mg/L 

 (01046) (01056) (70300)

 

MAY 

 14... -- -- -- 

 14... <0.100 <1.00 264 

 14... -- -- -- 
77

434756089020500 GREEN LAKE AT DEEP HOLE NEAR GREEN LAKE, WI

LAKE-DEPTH PROFILES, MARCH 5 TO JULY 16, 2014 

0 10 20 30

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

0 10 20

SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELSIUS

03-05-14 05-14-14

450 500 550 600

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

6 7 8 9 10

450 500 550 600

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

6 7 8 9 10

0 10 20 30

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

0 10 20

DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

0 10 20 30

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

0 10 20

06-25-14 07-16-14

0 10 20 30

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

0 10 20

450 500 550 600

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

6 7 8 9 10

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS

450 500 550 600

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

6 7 8 9 10

WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELSIUS

W.T. D.O.

S.C. pH

DEPTH, IN METERS DEPTH, IN METERS
78

434756089020500 GREEN LAKE AT DEEP HOLE NEAR GREEN LAKE, WI

LAKE-DEPTH PROFILES, JULY 23 TO SEPTEMBER 23, 2014

0 10 20 30

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

0 10 20

0 10 20 30

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

0 10 20

SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELSIUS

07-23-14 08-12-14

450 500 550 600

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

6 7 8 9 10

450 500 550 600

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

6 7 8 9 10

0 10 20 30

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

0 10 20

DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

0 10 20 30

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

0 10 20

08-20-14 09-23-14

450 500 550 600

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

6 7 8 9 10

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS

450 500 550 600

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

6 7 8 9 10

WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELSIUS

W.T.

D.O.

S.C. pH

DEPTH, IN METERS DEPTH, IN METERS
79

 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Total Phosphorus

Chlorophyll a

Secchi depth

Eutrophic

 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

USGS

CITIZEN MONITORING

 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 0

10

20

30

40

50

60

 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 0.00

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.10

0.12

CHLOROPHYLL a CONCENTRATION, IN MICROGRAMS PER LITER SECCHI DEPTH, IN METERS TROPHIC STATE INDEX

Surface total phosphorus, chlorophyll a concentrations, Secchi depths,

and TSI data for Green Lake, Deep Hole, near Green Lake, Wisconsin.

Mesotrophic

TOTAL PHOSPHORUS CONCENTRATION, IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

Oligotrophic
80

434928088570000 GREEN LAKE AT EAST END NEAR GREEN LAKE, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 43°49'28", long 88°57'00", in SE 1⁄4 SE 1⁄4 sec.28, T.16 N., R.13 E., Green Lake County, Hydrologic Unit 04030201, about one mile southeast of the City of Green Lake.

SURFACE AREA.--11.48 mi2. 

PERIOD OF RECORD.--May 2004 to current year. Lake sampled by Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources prior to 2004.

REMARKS.--Water-quality analyses done by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene. A “*” indicates data that were collected by Mary Jane Bumby, Citizen Lake Monitoring Volunteer.

WATER-QUALITY DATA, MAY 14 TO SEPTEMBER 25, 2014 

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

 Specif- Chloro- 

 ic pH, phyll a Phos- 

 Trans- conduc- water, trichro phorus,

 parency Sam- Temper- tance, unfltrd Dis- -matic water,

 Secchi pling ature, wat unf field, solved method, unfltrd

 Date disc, depth, water, uS/cm @ std oxygen, uncorr, mg/L 

 meters meters deg C 25 degC units mg/L ug/L as P 

 (00078) (00098) (00010) (00095) (00400) (00300) (32210) (00665)

 

MAY 2014 

 14... 3.05 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 14... -- 0.50 8.0 513 6.7 13.9 13.8 0.036 

 14... -- 31.0 6.4 515 6.5 12.6 -- 0.083 

 *24... 1.50 0.10 16.1 -- -- -- -- -- 

 *30... 2.40 0.10 20.0 -- -- -- -- -- 

JUN 

 *05... 2.00 0.10 19.4 -- -- -- -- -- 

 *16... 8.20 0.10 20.0 -- -- -- -- -- 

 *23... 11.6 0.10 22.8 -- -- -- -- -- 

 25... 8.30 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 25... -- 0.50 22.0 508 8.7 9.2 1.97 0.027 

 25... -- 30.0 5.8 520 8.0 9.4 -- 0.066 

JUL 

 *02... 4.50 0.10 22.2 -- -- -- -- -- 

 *03... 6.70 0.10 22.2 -- -- -- -- -- 

 *10... 5.50 0.10 23.3 -- -- -- -- -- 

 *16... 5.20 0.10 22.2 -- -- -- -- -- 

 16... -- 0.50 22.6 519 8.8 9.5 10.4 0.018 

 16... -- 30.0 5.6 527 8.1 9.9 -- 0.051 

 23... 4.65 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 23... -- 0.50 23.1 493 8.7 8.9 15.4 0.029 

 23... -- 30.0 5.7 508 7.6 9.1 -- 0.056 

 *24... 3.40 0.10 25.0 -- -- -- -- -- 
81

 

434928088570000 GREEN LAKE AT EAST END NEAR GREEN LAKE, WI

WATER-QUALITY DATA, MAY 14 TO SEPTEMBER 25, 2014

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

 Specif- Chloro- 

 ic pH, phyll a Phos- 

 Trans- conduc- water, trichro phorus,

 parency Sam- Temper- tance, unfltrd Dis- -matic water,

 Secchi pling ature, wat unf field, solved method, unfltrd

 Date disc, depth, water, uS/cm @ std oxygen, uncorr, mg/L 

 meters meters deg C 25 degC units mg/L ug/L as P 

 (00078) (00098) (00010) (00095) (00400) (00300) (32210) (00665)

AUG 

 *06... 4.30 0.10 26.7 -- -- -- -- -- 

 11... 5.35 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 11... -- 0.50 25.5 503 8.8 9.8 2.44 0.015 

 11... -- 30.0 5.6 523 8.0 8.6 -- 0.077 

 *14... 5.20 0.10 24.4 -- -- -- -- -- 

 20... 5.35 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 20... -- 0.50 23.1 502 8.9 8.9 4.42 0.015 

 20... -- 30.0 5.7 522 7.9 8.5 -- 0.071 

 *26... 4.90 0.10 24.4 -- -- -- -- -- 

SEP 

 *07... 3.70 0.10 25.0 -- -- -- -- -- 

 23... 5.10 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 23... -- 0.50 18.6 490 8.7 9.8 6.58 0.021 

 23... -- 31.0 5.7 518 7.9 4.3 -- 0.101 

 *25... 4.90 0.10 20.0 -- -- -- -- -- 
82

434928088570000 GREEN LAKE AT EAST END NEAR GREEN LAKE, WI

LAKE-DEPTH PROFILES, MAY 14 TO JULY 23, 2014 

0 10 20 30

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

0 10 20

SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELSIUS

05-14-14 06-25-14

450 500 550 600

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

6 7 8 9 10

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS

450 500 550 600

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

6 7 8 9 10

450 500 550 600

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

6 7 8 9 10

0 10 20 30

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

0 10 20

07-23-14

0 10 20 30

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

0 10 20

450 500 550 600

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

6 7 8 9 10

WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELSIUS

0 10 20 30

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

0 10 20

DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

07-16-14

W.T. D.O.

S.C.

pH

DEPTH, IN METERS DEPTH, IN METERS
83

434928088570000 GREEN LAKE AT EAST END NEAR GREEN LAKE, WI

LAKE-DEPTH PROFILES, AUGUST 11 TO SEPTEMBER 9, 2014

0 10 20 30

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

0 10 20

SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELSIUS

08-11-14

450 500 550 600

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

6 7 8 9 10

450 500 550 600

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

6 7 8 9 10

450 500 550 600

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

6 7 8 9 10

WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELSIUS

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS

0 10 20 30

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

0 10 20

09-23-14

W.T.

D.O.

S.C.

pH

0 10 20 30

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

0 10 20

DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

08-20-14

DEPTH, IN METERS DEPTH, IN METERS
84

 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 20

30

40

50

60

70

Total Phosphorus

Chlorophyll a

Secchi depth

Eutrophic

 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

USGS

CITIZEN MONITORING

 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 0

10

20

30

40

50

60

 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 0.00

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.10

CHLOROPHYLL a CONCENTRATION, IN MICROGRAMS PER LITER SECCHI DEPTH, IN METERS TROPHIC STATE INDEX

Surface total phosphorus, chlorophyll a concentrations, Secchi depths,

 and TSI data for Green Lake, East End, near Green Lake, Wisconsin.

Mesotrophic

TOTAL PHOSPHORUS CONCENTRATION, IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

Oligotrophic
85

05401063 LAKE HURON NEAR PLAINFIELD, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 44°11'44.3", long 89°25'02.9" referenced to North American Datum of 1983, in NW 1⁄4 SE 1⁄4 NW 1⁄4 sec.22, T.20 N., R.9 E., Waushara County, WI, 

Hydrologic Unit 07070003. 

DRAINAGE AREA.--8.34 mi2. 

PERIOD OF RECORD.--May 2010 to current year. Working records from May 1978 to April 2010 in USGS database. 

GAGE.--Water-stage recorder installed November 15, 2012. Local datum used. Prior to November 15, 2012 staff gage was read periodically by observer. 

COOPERATION.--Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. 

EXTREMES FOR PERIOD OF RECORD.--Maximum daily gage height, 89.01 ft., June 28, 2011; miminum daily gage height, 84.69 ft., Oct. 29-30, 2013.

 

EXTREMES FOR CURRENT YEAR.--Maximum daily gage height, 85.98 ft., Jun. 19-20; miminum daily gage height, 84.69 ft., Oct. 

 29-30, 2013.

GAGE HEIGHT, FEET

WATER YEAR OCTOBER 2013 TO SEPTEMBER 2014

DAILY MEAN VALUES

[e, estimated]

DAY OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP

1 84.79 84.72 84.87 85.02 85.13 85.20 85.30 85.83 85.87 85.83 85.23 85.27

2 84.78 84.72 84.88 85.02 85.13 85.20 85.30 85.83 85.94 85.82 85.26 85.25

3 84.77 84.72 84.90 85.02 85.12 85.19 85.31 85.83 85.93 85.80 85.24 85.23

4 84.78 84.71 84.92 85.02 85.12 85.20 85.34 85.82 85.92 85.77 85.24 85.21

5 84.83 84.73 84.92 85.02 85.12 85.19 85.35 85.81 85.91 85.75 85.23 85.20

6 84.92 84.84 84.91 85.02 85.12 85.19 85.35 85.80 85.90 85.72 85.20 85.17

7 84.90 84.83 84.91 85.02 85.12 85.19 85.37 85.80 85.90 85.72 85.18 85.15

8 84.89 84.83 84.91 85.02 85.12 85.19 85.38 85.80 85.91 85.76 85.16 85.13

9 84.87 84.83 84.92 85.02 85.12 85.19 85.38 85.81 85.89 85.73 85.13 85.11

10 84.86 84.82 84.92 85.03 85.12 85.19 85.39 85.80 85.87 85.70 85.11 85.12

11 84.85 84.82 84.92 85.05 85.12 85.19 85.39 85.80 85.86 85.68 85.10 85.09

12 84.84 84.81 84.92 85.05 85.12 85.19 85.42 85.88 85.85 85.66 85.09 85.06

13 84.82 84.80 84.93 85.05 85.13 85.19 85.50 85.90 85.81 85.64 85.06 85.05

14 84.80 84.80 84.93 85.07 85.13 85.20 85.63 85.89 85.79 85.62 85.03 85.03

15 84.83 84.79 84.93 85.09 85.13 85.19 85.63 85.88 85.77 85.60 85.01 85.02

16 84.83 84.82 84.93 85.09 85.13 85.18 85.63 85.86 85.76 85.57 84.99 85.01

17 84.82 84.92 84.95 85.10 85.15 85.18 85.63 85.85 85.80 85.54 84.97 85.00

18 84.81 84.93 84.95 85.10 85.17 85.18 85.62 85.85 85.96 85.52 85.00 84.99

19 84.80 84.92 84.95 85.10 85.16 85.19 85.62 85.85 85.98 85.50 85.20 84.98

20 84.79 84.91 84.96 85.10 85.17 85.19 85.62 85.87 85.98 85.48 85.18 85.04

21 84.78 84.91 84.97 85.10 85.21 85.19 85.64 85.87 85.97 85.47 85.18 85.06

22 84.77 84.92 84.98 85.10 85.20 85.19 85.63 85.86 85.96 85.45 85.18 85.04

23 84.75 84.91 85.00 85.10 85.20 85.19 85.63 85.85 85.95 85.42 85.15 85.03

24 84.74 84.89 85.00 85.10 85.20 85.18 85.65 85.84 85.93 85.40 85.13 85.02

25 84.73 84.89 85.01 85.11 85.19 85.19 85.69 85.83 85.91 85.37 85.14 85.02

26 84.72 84.88 85.02 85.11 85.19 85.19 85.68 85.83 85.90 85.35 85.13 85.01

27 84.71 84.87 85.02 85.11 85.19 85.21 85.68 85.85 85.88 85.35 85.10 85.01

28 84.70 84.88 85.02 85.11 85.19 85.28 85.73 85.84 85.86 85.32 85.08 85.00

29 84.69 84.87 85.02 85.11 --- 85.28 85.79 85.83 85.86 85.28 85.09 85.00

30 84.69 84.87 85.02 85.12 --- 85.28 85.83 85.83 85.84 85.26 85.26 84.98

31 84.72 --- 85.02 85.13 --- 85.29 --- 85.81 --- 85.23 85.28 ---

MEAN 84.79 84.84 84.95 85.07 85.15 85.20 85.54 85.84 85.89 85.56 85.14 85.08

MAX 84.92 84.93 85.02 85.13 85.21 85.29 85.83 85.90 85.98 85.83 85.28 85.27

MIN 84.69 84.71 84.87 85.02 85.12 85.18 85.30 85.80 85.76 85.23 84.97 84.98
86

 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 80

85

90

GAGE HEIGHT, IN FEET

 

 Stage hydrograph for Lake Huron near Plainfield, 2010-2014.
87

425715089164700 LAKE KEGONSA AT BARBER DRIVE NEAR STOUGHTON, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 42°57′15′′, long 89°16′47′′ referenced to North American Datum of 1927, in SW 1⁄4 NE 1⁄4 NE 1⁄4 sec.26, T.6 N., R.10 E., Dane County, WI, Hydrologic 

Unit 07090001, on downstream side of bridge on Barber Drive, 3.5 mi northwest of Stoughton. 

SURFACE AREA.--1.05 mi2. 

DRAINAGE AREA.--386 mi2. 

PERIOD OF RECORD.--October 2003 to current year. 

GAGE.--Water-stage recorder. Datum of gage is 840.00 ft above sea level (levels from Wisconsin Department of Transportation benchmark). 

EXTREMES FOR PERIOD OF RECORD.--Maximum gage height observed, 5.73 ft, June 16, 2008; minimum observed, 2.07 ft, Jan.27, 2006. 

EXTREMES FOR CURRENT YEAR.--Maximum gage height observed, 3.85 ft, July 2 and 3; minimum observed, 2.37 ft, Jan. 29. 

GAGE HEIGHT, FEET

WATER YEAR OCTOBER 2013 TO SEPTEMBER 2014

DAILY MEAN VALUES

[e, estimated]

DAY OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP

1 3.41 2.97 2.89 2.65 --- --- 2.55 3.43 3.33 3.82 3.46 e3.24

2 3.42 2.94 2.90 2.63 --- --- 2.55 3.41 3.41 3.85 3.48 ---

3 3.42 2.90 2.91 2.62 --- --- 2.54 3.39 3.46 3.85 3.50 ---

4 3.45 2.86 2.92 2.59 --- --- 2.54 3.36 3.51 3.84 3.54 ---

5 3.48 2.83 2.96 2.55 --- --- 2.54 3.33 3.55 3.81 3.59 3.25

6 3.50 2.85 3.02 2.54 --- --- 2.54 3.28 3.56 3.78 3.59 3.22

7 3.50 2.84 3.06 2.51 --- --- 2.54 3.24 3.57 3.75 3.57 3.20

8 3.51 2.83 3.07 2.50 --- 2.43 2.56 3.20 3.59 3.76 3.54 3.17

9 3.52 2.80 3.09 2.49 --- 2.42 2.64 3.21 3.57 3.71 3.51 3.14

10 3.52 2.80 3.09 2.48 --- 2.41 2.71 3.23 3.55 3.65 3.48 3.17

11 3.53 2.80 3.09 2.47 --- 2.42 2.76 3.25 3.54 3.59 3.47 3.17

12 3.51 2.78 3.08 2.46 --- 2.43 2.82 3.32 3.50 3.52 3.44 3.15

13 3.50 2.75 3.06 2.45 --- 2.45 2.95 3.44 3.47 3.48 3.41 3.13

14 3.50 2.74 3.03 2.44 --- 2.49 3.25 3.48 3.43 3.41 3.39 3.11

15 3.50 2.73 3.01 2.44 --- 2.53 3.31 3.51 3.39 3.35 3.37 3.10

16 3.50 2.72 2.99 2.44 --- 2.59 3.34 3.50 3.36 3.30 3.37 3.12

17 3.49 2.80 2.98 2.43 --- 2.64 3.35 3.49 3.48 3.25 3.38 3.13

18 3.46 2.86 2.95 2.43 --- 2.66 3.36 3.47 3.53 3.23 3.37 3.15

19 3.39 2.89 2.93 2.43 2.37 2.67 3.34 3.45 3.54 3.20 3.41 3.14

20 3.32 2.90 2.91 2.41 2.37 2.69 3.31 3.43 3.70 3.17 3.42 3.15

21 3.26 2.91 2.89 2.42 2.39 2.70 3.31 3.41 3.75 3.14 3.47 3.17

22 3.21 2.91 2.89 2.42 2.40 2.70 3.30 3.39 3.77 3.13 3.52 3.17

23 3.16 2.90 2.87 2.41 2.42 2.69 3.28 3.36 3.78 3.17 3.54 3.18

24 3.11 2.86 2.84 2.41 2.43 2.67 3.29 3.31 3.77 3.11 3.55 3.18

25 3.07 2.90 2.82 2.39 2.43 2.64 3.32 3.26 3.78 3.09 3.65 3.18

26 3.04 2.94 2.78 2.39 --- 2.60 3.33 3.23 3.76 3.17 3.65 3.18

27 3.02 2.89 2.75 2.39 --- 2.58 3.34 3.23 3.74 3.24 3.57 3.18

28 3.02 2.86 2.73 2.38 --- 2.59 3.39 3.27 3.70 3.29 3.46 3.17

29 2.99 2.87 2.70 2.37 --- 2.58 3.41 3.29 3.68 3.34 3.37 3.17

30 2.98 2.88 2.68 2.38 --- 2.56 3.44 3.32 3.76 3.39 3.33 3.16

31 2.99 --- 2.67 2.37 --- 2.56 --- 3.33 --- 3.43 3.28 ---

MEAN 3.33 2.85 2.92 2.46 --- --- 3.03 3.35 3.58 3.45 3.47 ---

MAX 3.53 2.97 3.09 2.65 --- --- 3.44 3.51 3.78 3.85 3.65 ---

MIN 2.98 2.72 2.67 2.37 --- --- 2.54 3.20 3.33 3.09 3.28 ---
88

 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 1

2

3

4

5

6

GAGE HEIGHT, IN FEET

 

 Stage hydrograph for Lake Kegonsa, 1993-2014.
89

05427235 LAKE KOSHKONONG NEAR NEWVILLE, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 42°51′27′′, long 88°56′27′′ referenced to North American Datum of 1927, in NW 1⁄4 NE 1⁄4 sec.34, T.5 N., R.13 E., Jefferson County, WI, Hydrologic 

Unit 07090001, 80 ft east of Pottawatomi Trail Bridge at Bingham Point Estates, and 4.5 mi northeast of Newville. 

SURFACE AREA.—16.34 mi2.

DRAINAGE AREA.--2,560 mi2. 

PERIOD OF RECORD.--July 1987 to current year. 

GAGE.--Water-stage recorder. Datum of gage is 769.77 ft above NAVD of 1988 (Wisconsin Department of Transportation bench mark). 

REMARKS.--Lake level regulated by dam at Indianford. Gage-height telemeter at station. 

EXTREMES FOR PERIOD OF RECORD.--Maximum recorded gage height, 15.13 ft, June 21, 22, 2008; minimum recorded, 4.98 ft, Dec. 6 and 9, 2012. 

EXTREMES FOR CURRENT YEAR.--Maximum recorded gage height, 9.71 ft, May 17; minimum recorded gage height, 5.62 ft, Feb. 16. 

GAGE HEIGHT, FEET

 WATER YEAR OCTOBER 2013 TO SEPTEMBER 2014

DAILY MEAN VALUES

[e, estimated]

DAY OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP

1 6.20 5.97 6.63 6.13 5.88 5.85 8.30 9.41 8.16 9.24 7.29 6.31

2 6.23 5.99 6.62 6.12 5.86 5.85 8.36 9.41 8.11 9.35 7.18 6.30

3 6.18 6.01 6.63 6.10 5.84 5.84 8.38 9.41 8.07 9.44 7.08 6.26

4 6.17 6.04 6.64 6.08 5.81 5.83 8.37 9.37 7.99 9.49 6.99 6.34

5 6.18 6.10 6.67 6.02 5.80 5.83 8.35 9.31 7.95 9.51 6.95 6.43

6 6.23 6.22 6.65 5.98 5.79 5.82 8.31 9.24 7.89 9.53 6.85 6.38

7 6.26 6.27 6.62 5.96 5.77 5.80 8.26 9.16 7.84 9.55 6.73 6.30

8 6.29 6.28 6.60 5.94 5.76 5.78 8.21 9.09 7.78 9.63 6.60 6.22

9 6.33 6.36 6.59 5.92 5.75 5.78 8.15 9.02 7.71 9.60 6.48 6.16

10 6.38 6.37 6.57 5.91 5.73 5.79 8.10 8.95 7.65 9.54 6.36 6.22

11 6.41 6.41 6.56 5.92 5.72 5.80 8.05 8.88 7.63 9.47 6.28 6.21

12 6.45 6.41 6.53 5.91 5.70 5.86 8.00 8.94 7.58 9.43 6.25 6.20

13 6.48 6.39 6.50 5.91 5.68 5.93 8.03 9.21 7.53 9.55 6.17 6.21

14 6.47 6.40 6.47 5.91 5.66 6.05 8.26 9.37 7.43 9.48 6.15 6.21

15 6.40 6.40 6.45 5.92 5.64 6.23 8.41 9.55 7.34 9.39 6.15 6.23

16 6.36 6.38 6.43 5.93 5.62 6.43 8.59 9.66 7.29 9.28 6.16 6.24

17 6.30 6.47 6.41 5.94 5.63 6.64 8.85 9.71 7.37 9.17 6.20 6.24

18 6.25 6.55 6.38 5.95 5.63 6.85 9.05 9.69 7.45 9.04 6.24 6.24

19 6.20 6.53 6.36 5.96 5.64 7.05 9.18 9.63 7.64 8.91 6.32 6.22

20 6.15 6.56 6.33 5.97 5.67 7.22 9.28 9.57 7.97 8.78 6.28 6.24

21 6.15 6.63 6.31 5.97 5.70 7.38 9.35 9.48 8.23 8.65 6.26 6.28

22 6.09 6.72 6.31 5.98 5.72 7.53 9.41 9.35 8.44 8.53 6.26 6.24

23 6.07 6.79 6.29 5.98 5.74 7.65 9.42 9.21 8.62 8.40 6.25 6.22

24 6.04 6.75 6.26 5.98 5.77 7.74 9.44 9.07 8.78 8.25 6.26 6.20

25 5.99 6.72 6.24 5.97 5.80 7.81 9.47 8.93 8.87 8.11 6.36 6.19

26 5.99 6.70 6.21 5.96 5.82 7.86 9.46 8.78 8.94 8.00 6.45 6.18

27 5.95 6.68 6.19 5.95 5.84 7.90 9.41 8.66 8.98 7.91 6.42 6.17

28 5.92 6.66 6.17 5.93 5.84 7.96 9.38 8.57 9.01 7.78 6.38 6.16

29 5.89 6.65 6.15 5.92 --- 8.01 9.40 8.47 9.06 7.65 6.36 6.16

30 5.86 6.64 6.14 5.90 --- 8.08 9.40 8.38 9.11 7.52 6.35 6.12

31 5.91 --- 6.14 5.89 --- 8.19 --- 8.28 --- 7.40 6.33 ---

MEAN 6.19 6.43 6.42 5.96 5.74 6.72 8.75 9.15 8.08 8.89 6.46 6.24

MAX 6.48 6.79 6.67 6.13 5.88 8.19 9.47 9.71 9.11 9.63 7.29 6.43

MIN 5.86 5.97 6.14 5.89 5.62 5.78 8.00 8.28 7.29 7.40 6.15 6.12
90

 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

GAGE HEIGHT, IN FEET

 Stage hydrograph for Lake Koshkonong, 1987-2014.
91

441257089071500 LONG LAKE NEAR SAXEVILLE, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 44°12'56.6", long 89°07'14.6" referenced to North American Datum of 1983, in SE 1⁄4 SW 1⁄4 sec.7, T.20 N., R.12 E., Waushara County, WI, 

Hydrologic Unit 04030202. 

PERIOD OF RECORD.--April 2010 to current year. 

GAGE.--A staff gage is periodically read by an observer, and reported in local datum. 

COOPERATION.--Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. 

REMARKS.--Lake has no outlet. 

EXTREMES FOR PERIOD OF RECORD.--Maximum observed gage height, 84.66 ft May 6, 2012; miminum observed gage height, 82.72 ft Apr. 23, 2010. 

EXTREMES FOR CURRENT YEAR.--Maximum observed gage height, 84.47 ft May 24; miminum observed gage height, 84.06 ft

 Jul. 26 and Sept. 27.

GAGE HEIGHT, FEET

WATER YEAR OCTOBER 2013 TO SEPTEMBER 2014

[e, estimated]

DAY OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP

1 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

2 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

3 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

4 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 84.29 --- ---

5 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

6 84.15 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 84.25 --- --- 84.18

7 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

8 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 83.96 ---

9 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

10 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

11 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 84.23 --- ---

12 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

13 84.10 --- --- --- --- --- --- 84.45 84.21 --- --- ---

14 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

15 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 83.90 ---

16 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

17 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 84.45 --- --- --- ---

18 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 84.12 --- ---

19 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

20 84.13 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 84.39 --- --- ---

21 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 84.20

22 84.15 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 84.14 ---

23 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

24 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 84.47 --- --- --- ---

25 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

26 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 84.06 --- ---

27 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 84.06

28 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 84.33 --- --- ---

29 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 84.16 ---

30 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

31 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 84.33 --- --- --- ---
92

 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 80

85

90

 

GAGE HEIGHT, IN FEET

 

 Stage hydrograph for Long Lake, 2010-2014.
93

05428000 LAKE MENDOTA AT MADISON, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 43°05′42′′, long 89°22′12′′ referenced to North American Datum of 1927, in NW 1⁄4 SE 1⁄4 sec.12, T.7 N., R.9 E., Dane County, WI, Hydrologic Unit 

07090001, in county boat house at dam at outlet, in Madison. 

SURFACE AREA.—15.2 mi2. 

DRAINAGE AREA.--233 mi2 of which 36.6 mi2 probably is noncontributing. 

PERIOD OF RECORD.--January 1916 to January 1985 (incomplete), February 1985 to current year. 

REVISED RECORDS.--WDR WI-73-1: Drainage area. 

GAGE.--Water-stage recorder. Datum of gage is 840.00 ft above NGVD of 1929, or 5.60 ft below City of Madison datum. Prior to Oct. 1, 1979, gage datum was 

847.82 ft; prior to Nov. 15, 1971, nonrecording gage at same site at the higher datum. 

REMARKS.--Lake level regulated by concrete dam with two 12-foot gates and 20-foot lock at outlet. Gage-height telemeter at station. 

EXTREMES FOR PERIOD OF RECORD.--Maximum gage height observed, 12.75 ft, June 5, 2000; minimum observed, 8.02 ft, Feb. 24 to Mar. 10, 1920, current 

datum. 

EXTREMES FOR CURRENT YEAR.--Maximum recorded gage height, 10.89 ft, July 2; minimum recorded, 8.34 ft, Mar. 9 and 10. 

GAGE HEIGHT, FEET

WATER YEAR OCTOBER 2013 TO SEPTEMBER 2014

DAILY MEAN VALUES

[e, estimated]

DAY OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP

1 10.08 9.64 8.71 8.57 8.48 8.37 9.19 9.96 9.81 10.87 9.99 10.03

2 10.08 9.61 8.67 8.57 8.48 8.37 9.21 9.96 10.04 10.89 9.99 10.03

3 10.08 9.57 8.65 8.56 8.48 8.36 9.22 9.95 10.13 10.87 9.97 10.01

4 10.11 9.52 8.64 8.56 8.47 8.36 9.25 9.92 10.14 10.84 9.99 10.11

5 10.14 9.51 8.66 8.55 8.47 8.37 9.26 9.90 10.15 10.80 10.08 10.21

6 10.14 9.56 8.62 8.54 8.46 8.37 9.28 9.86 10.13 10.77 10.10 10.20

7 10.13 9.54 8.54 8.54 8.46 8.36 9.30 9.84 10.12 10.76 10.08 10.19

8 10.11 9.49 8.58 8.54 8.46 8.35 9.32 9.81 10.10 10.77 10.06 10.17

9 10.09 9.48 8.63 8.54 8.46 8.34 9.33 9.80 10.07 10.72 10.03 10.15

10 10.08 9.44 8.63 8.54 8.46 8.34 9.35 9.78 10.05 10.68 10.01 10.20

11 10.07 9.41 8.63 8.53 8.46 8.35 9.36 9.76 10.02 10.63 10.00 10.17

12 10.06 9.37 8.63 8.50 8.46 8.39 9.38 9.81 10.02 10.61 9.98 10.15

13 10.04 9.31 8.63 8.50 8.42 8.44 9.52 9.90 9.98 10.61 9.94 10.13

14 10.01 9.27 8.62 8.50 8.40 8.49 9.83 9.91 9.94 10.58 9.91 10.10

15 9.99 9.23 8.62 8.50 8.40 8.60 9.93 9.89 9.90 10.54 9.88 10.10

16 9.99 9.19 8.62 8.50 8.39 8.72 9.94 9.87 9.89 10.49 9.86 10.10

17 9.97 9.25 8.61 8.50 8.37 8.81 9.95 9.84 9.99 10.45 9.83 10.09

18 9.95 9.28 8.59 8.50 8.37 8.86 9.94 9.81 10.04 10.41 9.81 10.08

19 9.92 9.21 8.55 8.49 8.37 8.91 9.92 9.78 10.16 10.36 9.87 10.06

20 9.90 9.17 8.55 8.49 8.39 8.96 9.91 9.79 10.37 10.31 9.86 10.07

21 9.89 9.15 8.54 8.49 8.41 9.01 9.90 9.80 10.47 10.27 9.88 10.08

22 9.85 9.13 8.57 8.49 8.41 9.05 9.88 9.78 10.53 10.26 9.91 10.05

23 9.82 9.09 8.57 8.49 8.41 9.06 9.85 9.76 10.56 10.24 9.90 10.04

24 9.80 9.01 8.57 8.49 8.40 9.06 9.85 9.74 10.58 10.20 9.89 10.03

25 9.76 8.97 8.57 8.48 8.39 9.07 9.87 9.72 10.56 10.16 9.97 10.02

26 9.74 8.94 8.57 8.48 8.39 9.07 9.85 9.72 10.54 10.14 10.04 10.01

27 9.70 8.89 8.56 8.48 8.38 9.07 9.82 9.77 10.52 10.14 10.03 10.01

28 9.67 8.84 8.56 8.48 8.38 9.13 9.85 9.86 10.51 10.10 10.01 10.00

29 9.64 8.79 8.56 8.48 --- 9.15 9.94 9.85 10.54 10.06 9.99 10.00

30 9.62 8.75 8.56 8.48 --- 9.16 9.96 9.83 10.70 10.03 10.01 9.97

31 9.63 --- 8.56 8.48 --- 9.17 --- 9.81 --- 10.01 10.02 ---

MEAN 9.94 9.25 8.60 8.51 8.42 8.71 9.64 9.83 10.22 10.47 9.96 10.09

MAX 10.14 9.64 8.71 8.57 8.48 9.17 9.96 9.96 10.70 10.89 10.10 10.21

MIN 9.62 8.75 8.54 8.48 8.37 8.34 9.19 9.72 9.81 10.01 9.81 9.97
94

1916 1926 1936 1946 1956 1966 1976 1986 1996 2006 2016 4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

GAGE HEIGHT, IN FEET

 Stage hydrograph for Lake Mendota, 1916-2014.
95

430251088284700 MIDDLE GENESEE LAKE, AT GENESEE LAKE ROAD, NEAR OCONOMOWOC, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 43°02'51", long 88°28'47", in SW 1⁄4 SW 1⁄4 SW 1⁄4 sec.22, T. 7 N., R.17 E., Waukesha County, Hydrologic Unit 07090001, at the 

southwest side of the lake about 2 miles south of Oconomowoc.

SURFACE AREA.--0.17 mi2. 

PERIOD OF RECORD.--April 1996 to current year.

GAGE.--Staff gage. Local observer, Tom Schubring provided most readings of gage. Datum of gage is about 0.0 ft above NGVD of 1929.

EXTREMES FOR THE PERIOD OF RECORD.--Maximum observed gage height, 869.65 ft, July 12, 2008; minimum observed, 863.88 ft, Oct. 31, 2005.

EXTREMES FOR CURRENT YEAR.--Maximum observed gage height, 866.86 ft, May 26; minimum observed, 865.82 ft, Sept. 28. 

GAGE HEIGHT, FEET

WATER YEAR OCTOBER 2013 TO SEPTEMBER 2014

[e, estimated]

DAY OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP

1 866.61 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 866.80 --- --- ---

2 --- 866.51 --- --- --- --- --- --- 866.84 --- --- ---

3 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 866.42 866.24

4 --- 866.49 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 866.82 --- ---

5 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

6 866.67 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 866.76 --- ---

7 --- 866.53 --- --- --- --- --- --- 866.74 --- --- ---

8 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 866.10

9 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

10 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

11 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 866.32 ---

12 866.57 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 866.72 866.72 --- ---

13 --- 866.47 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 866.04

14 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 866.68 --- --- ---

15 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 866.84 --- --- --- ---

16 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 866.65 --- --- ---

17 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 866.74 866.64 --- ---

18 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 866.28 ---

19 866.53 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

20 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

21 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 866.82 --- --- 866.36 ---

22 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

23 866.49 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 866.84 --- --- ---

24 --- 866.49 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

25 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 865.88

26 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 866.86 --- --- 866.34 ---

27 --- 866.49 --- --- --- --- --- --- 866.78 --- --- ---

28 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 865.82

29 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 866.46 --- ---

30 866.41 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

31 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 866.80 --- --- --- ---
96

 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 860

861

862

863

864

865

866

867

868

869

870

GAGE HEIGHT, IN FEET

 

 Stage hydrograph for Middle Genesee Lake, 1996-2014.
97

05429000 LAKE MONONA AT MADISON, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 43°03′48′′, long 89°23′49′′ referenced to North American Datum of 1927, in SE 1⁄4 SW 1⁄4 sec.23, T.7 N., R.9 E., Dane County, WI, Hydrologic Unit 

07090001, in Brittingham Park, in Madison. 

SURFACE AREA.--5.3 mi2. 

DRAINAGE AREA.--279 mi2 of which 36.6 mi2 may be noncontributing. 

PERIOD OF RECORD.--September 1915 to current year (fragmentary) in reports of the Geological Survey. For 1856 to March 1917 in reports of Wisconsin Railroad 

Commission, volume 19. 

REVISED RECORDS.--WSP 1338: Lake area. WDR WI-73-1: Drainage area. 

GAGE.--Water-stage recorder. Datum of gage is 840.00 ft above NGVD of 1929, or 5.60 ft below City of Madison datum. Prior to Oct. 1, 1979, datum 843.61 ft; prior 

to Nov. 15, 1971, nonrecording gage at same site. 

REMARKS.--Lake level regulated by concrete dam with four 12-foot stop-log sections and 12-foot lock at outlet of Lake Waubesa. Gage-height telemeter at station. 

EXTREMES FOR PERIOD OF RECORD.--Maximum gage height observed, 7.92 ft, June 15, 2008; minimum observed, 3.22 ft, Jan. 20, 1965, current datum. 

EXTREMES FOR CURRENT YEAR.--Maximum recorded gage height, 6.28 ft, Aug. 26; minimum recorded, 4.13 ft, Apr. 12. 
98

05429000 LAKE MONONA AT MADISON, WI

GAGE HEIGHT, FEET

WATER YEAR OCTOBER 2013 TO SEPTEMBER 2014

DAILY MEAN VALUES

[e, estimated]

DAY OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP

1 5.05 4.98 5.15 4.44 4.36 --- 4.37 5.21 5.21 6.24 5.73 6.14

2 5.04 4.99 5.15 4.42 4.36 --- 4.35 5.19 5.46 6.27 5.76 6.13

3 5.03 5.00 5.16 4.41 4.36 --- 4.34 5.16 5.54 6.24 5.78 6.08

4 5.04 5.01 5.15 4.40 4.36 --- 4.31 5.13 5.55 6.21 5.85 6.17

5 5.05 5.02 5.06 4.39 4.36 --- 4.26 5.13 5.53 6.18 5.98 6.21

6 5.04 5.08 4.99 4.38 4.35 --- 4.24 5.11 5.49 6.16 5.98 6.17

7 5.03 5.08 4.95 4.38 4.35 --- 4.21 5.09 5.46 6.12 5.98 6.13

8 5.02 5.07 4.93 4.39 4.35 --- 4.19 5.06 5.44 6.11 5.98 6.10

9 5.01 5.04 4.90 4.39 4.36 4.30 4.18 5.04 5.40 6.08 5.98 6.06

10 5.01 5.02 4.86 4.40 4.36 --- 4.16 5.03 5.38 6.05 5.97 6.08

11 5.00 5.01 4.83 4.42 4.36 --- 4.14 5.01 5.36 6.03 5.98 6.04

12 4.99 4.98 4.79 4.41 4.37 4.36 4.13 5.09 5.32 6.01 5.98 6.00

13 4.98 4.96 4.76 4.40 4.38 4.36 4.25 5.18 5.27 6.01 5.97 5.95

14 4.99 4.96 4.73 4.40 4.38 4.37 4.60 5.17 5.27 5.98 5.97 5.90

15 5.00 4.98 4.69 4.39 4.37 4.39 4.74 5.16 5.26 5.93 5.96 5.87

16 5.00 5.01 4.67 4.38 4.37 4.40 4.85 5.14 5.25 5.92 5.96 5.84

17 5.01 5.10 4.65 4.37 4.38 4.41 4.89 5.10 5.40 5.91 5.96 5.80

18 5.00 5.14 4.62 4.36 4.39 4.40 4.90 5.07 5.47 5.92 5.94 5.77

19 4.98 5.16 4.60 4.36 4.39 4.43 4.91 5.06 5.65 5.94 6.01 5.73

20 4.98 5.19 4.58 4.35 4.42 4.43 4.92 5.03 5.88 5.96 6.00 5.70

21 4.95 5.20 4.56 4.34 4.47 4.44 4.95 4.99 5.99 5.94 6.03 5.67

22 4.94 5.18 4.57 4.34 4.45 4.43 4.95 4.95 6.00 5.90 6.07 5.62

23 4.91 5.16 4.56 4.33 4.43 4.41 4.95 4.93 5.99 5.87 6.07 5.59

24 4.88 5.14 4.54 4.33 4.41 4.40 4.99 4.91 5.97 5.83 6.07 5.56

25 4.85 5.16 4.53 4.33 4.39 4.39 5.02 4.89 5.94 5.81 6.19 5.53

26 4.83 5.15 4.51 4.34 4.38 4.38 5.03 4.88 5.90 5.80 6.28 5.51

27 4.83 5.15 4.50 4.33 4.37 4.38 5.05 5.01 5.87 5.78 6.26 5.49

28 4.85 5.16 4.48 4.33 --- 4.41 5.13 5.34 5.82 5.75 6.25 5.46

29 4.84 5.16 4.46 4.33 --- 4.39 5.21 5.30 5.80 5.73 6.22 5.43

30 4.84 5.16 4.45 4.35 --- 4.38 5.22 5.26 6.00 5.73 6.21 5.41

31 4.90 --- 4.44 4.36 --- 4.38 --- 5.23 --- 5.72 6.18 ---

MEAN 4.96 5.08 4.74 4.37 --- --- 4.65 5.09 5.60 5.97 6.02 5.84

MAX 5.05 5.20 5.16 4.44 --- --- 5.22 5.34 6.00 6.27 6.28 6.21

MIN 4.83 4.96 4.44 4.33 --- --- 4.13 4.88 5.21 5.72 5.73 5.41
99

1916 1926 1936 1946 1956 1966 1976 1986 1996 2006 2016 0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

GAGE HEIGHT, IN FEET

 Stage hydrograph for Lake Monona, 1915-2014.
100

05545000 NORTH LAKE NEAR ELKHORN, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 42°44′38′′, long 88°37′45′′ referenced to North American Datum of 1927, Walworth County, WI, Hydrologic Unit 07120006. 

DRAINAGE AREA.--10.80 mi2 of which 10.79 mi2 probably is noncontributing. 

PERIOD OF RECORD.--May 1937 to current year. 

GAGE.--A staff gage is periodically read by an observer, and reported in local datum.

 

COOPERATION.--Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. 

EXTREMES FOR PERIOD OF RECORD.--Maximum observed gage height, 15.62 ft, June 22, 1974; miminum observed gage height, 5.81 ft, Dec. 1, 1958. 

EXTREMES FOR CURRENT YEAR.--Maximum observed gage height, 12.10 ft, May 14; miminum observed gage height, 11.26 ft, 

 Sept. 30. 

GAGE HEIGHT, FEET

WATER YEAR OCTOBER 2013 TO SEPTEMBER 2014

DAY OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP

1 11.93 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

2 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

3 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 11.86 --- --- 11.40

4 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 11.82 --- ---

5 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

6 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 11.54 ---

7 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

8 11.98 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

9 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

10 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 11.76 --- 11.42

11 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

12 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 11.82 --- --- ---

13 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

14 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 12.10 --- --- --- ---

15 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

16 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 11.36

17 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 12.06 --- --- --- ---

18 11.97 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 11.78 11.36 ---

19 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

20 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

21 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 12.00 --- --- --- ---

22 11.96 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

23 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 11.60 --- 11.34

24 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 11.96 --- --- --- ---

25 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 11.90 --- --- ---

26 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

27 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

28 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

29 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 11.96 --- --- --- ---

30 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 11.56 --- 11.26

31 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
101

 1937 1940 1943 1946 1949 1952 1955 1958 1961 1964 1967 1970 1973 1976 1979 1982 1985 1988 1991 1994 1997 2000 2003 2006 2009 2012 2015 0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

 

GAGE HEIGHT, IN FEET

 

 Stage hydrograph for North Lake, 1937-2014.
102

430551088273500 OCONOMOWOC LAKE NO. 1 (CENTER) AT OCONOMOWOC, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 43°05'51", long 88°27'35", in NW 1⁄4 SE 1⁄4 sec.2, T.7 N., R.17 E., Waukesha County, Hydrologic Unit 07090001, at Oconomowoc.

SURFACE AREA.--1.20 mi2. 

PERIOD OF RECORD.--March 1986 to current year.

REMARKS.--Lake sampled near center at the deep hole. Water-quality analyses done by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene.

WATER-QUALITY DATA, MARCH 6 TO AUGUST 22, 2014

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

 Specif- Chloro- Ortho- Ammonia Nitrate

 ic pH, phyll a Phos- phos- Total + + 

 Trans- conduc- water, trichro phorus, phate, nitro- Ammonia org-N, nitrite

 parency Sam- Temper- tance, unfltrd Dis- -matic water, water, gen, water, water, water,

 Secchi pling ature, wat unf field, solved method, unfltrd fltrd, water, fltrd, unfltrd fltrd,

 Date disc, depth, water, uS/cm @ std oxygen, uncorr, mg/L mg/L unfltrd mg/L mg/L mg/L 

 meters meters deg C 25 degC units mg/L ug/L as P as P mg/L as N as N as N 

 (00078) (00098) (00010) (00095) (00400) (00300) (32210) (00665) (00671) (00600) (00608) (00625) (00631)

 

MAR 2014 

 06... -- 1.0 1.9 628 8.1 11.0 0.388 0.014 -- -- -- -- -- 

 06... -- 18.0 3.6 668 8.0 0.8 -- 0.017 -- -- -- -- -- 

MAY 

 20... 6.45 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 20... -- 0.50 15.1 596 8.4 12.8 1.09 0.009 <0.002 0.82 0.034 0.57 0.256 

JUL 

 01... 5.45 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 01... -- 0.50 24.3 569 8.7 9.4 2.75 0.012 -- -- -- -- -- 

 01... -- 18.5 8.8 616 7.8 3.7 -- 0.010 -- -- -- -- -- 

 24... 2.55 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 24... -- 0.50 25.0 553 8.7 10.0 1.75 0.011 -- -- -- -- -- 

 24... -- 18.5 8.3 631 7.6 0.8 -- 0.029 -- -- -- -- -- 

AUG 

 22... 4.30 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 22... -- 0.50 25.0 555 8.7 8.9 1.37 0.011 -- -- -- -- -- 

 22... -- 18.5 8.2 645 7.6 0.3 -- 0.028 -- -- -- -- -- 
103

430551088273500 OCONOMOWOC LAKE NO. 1 (CENTER) AT OCONOMOWOC, WI

WATER-QUALITY DATA, MARCH 6 TO AUGUST 22, 2014

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

 Turbdty Appar- ANC, 

 white ent wat unf 

 light, color, Hard- Magnes- Potas- fixed Chlor- Silica, Manga- 

 det ang water, ness, Calcium ium, Sodium, sium, end pt, ide, Sulfate water, Iron, nese, 

 90+/-30 unfltrd water, water, water, water, water, lab, water, water, fltrd, water, water,

 Date degrees Pt-Co mg/L as fltrd, fltrd, fltrd, fltrd, mg/L as fltrd, fltrd, mg/L as fltrd, fltrd,

 NTU units CaCO3 mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L CaCO3 mg/L mg/L SiO2 ug/L ug/L 

 (63675) (00081) (00900) (00915) (00925) (00930) (00935) (00417) (00940) (00945) (00955) (01046) (01056)

 

MAR 2014 

 06... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 06... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

MAY 

 20... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 20... 0.6 15 254 48.4 32.4 22.5 2.03 225 53 25.5 6.54 <0.100 <1.00 

JUL 

 01... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 01... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 01... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 24... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 24... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 24... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

AUG 

 22... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 22... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 22... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 Dis- 

 solved

 solids

 dried @

 180degC

 Date wat flt

 mg/L 

 (70300)

 

 

MAY 

 20... -- 

 20... 336 
104

 

430551088273500 OCONOMOWOC LAKE NO. 1 (CENTER) AT OCONOMOWOC, WI

LAKE-DEPTH PROFILES, MARCH 6 TO AUGUST 22, 2014

0 10 20 30

20

16

12

8

4

0

0 10 20

0 10 20 30

20

16

12

8

4

0

0 10 20

SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELSIUS

03-06-14 05-20-14

0 10 20 30

20

16

12

8

4

0

0 10 20

07-01-14

DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

0 10 20 30

20

16

12

8

4

0

0 10 20

0 10 20 30

20

16

12

8

4

0

0 10 20

07-24-14 08-22-14

200 400 600 800

20

16

12

8

4

0

6 7 8 9 10

200 400 600 800

20

16

12

8

4

0

6 7 8 9 10

WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELSIUS

200 400 600 800

20

16

12

8

4

0

6 7 8 9 10

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS

200 400 600 800

20

16

12

8

4

0

6 7 8 9 10

200 400 600 800

20

16

12

8

4

0

6 7 8 9 10

W.T. D.O.

pH S.C.

DEPTH, IN METERS DEPTH, IN METERS
105

 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 20

30

40

50

60

70

Total Phosphorus

Chlorophyll a

Secchi depth

 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 0.00

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

CHLOROPHYLL a CONCENTRATION, IN MICROGRAMS PER LITER SECCHI DEPTH, IN METERS TROPHIC STATE INDEX

 Surface total phosphorus, chlorophyll a concentrations, Secchi depths,

and TSI data for Oconomowoc Lake, Center Site, at Oconomowoc, Wisconsin.

(Open circles on the first two plots indicate laboratory detection limit for selected analyses.

 Actual concentrations for these particular analyses are less than the plotted circles.)

Eutrophic

Mesotrophic

TOTAL PHOSPHORUS CONCENTRATION, IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

Oligotrophic
106

430609088262200 OCONOMOWOC LAKE NO. 2 (OFF HEWITT POINT) AT OCONOMOWOC, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 43°06'09", long 88°26'22", in NW 1⁄4 NW 1⁄4 sec.1, T.7 N., R.17 E., Waukesha County, Hydrologic Unit 07090001, at Oconomowoc.

SURFACE AREA.—1.20 mi2. 

PERIOD OF RECORD.--March 1986 to current year.

REMARKS.--Lake sampled at the deepest point in northeast bay near Hewitt Point. Water-quality analyses done by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene.

WATER-QUALITY DATA, MARCH 6 TO AUGUST 22, 2014 

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

 Specif- Chloro- 

 ic pH, phyll a Phos- 

 Trans- conduc- water, trichro phorus,

 parency Sam- Temper- tance, unfltrd Dis- -matic water,

 Secchi pling ature, wat unf field, solved method, unfltrd

 Date disc, depth, water, uS/cm @ std oxygen, uncorr, mg/L 

 meters meters deg C 25 degC units mg/L ug/L as P 

 (00078) (00098) (00010) (00095) (00400) (00300) (32210) (00665)

 

MAR 2014 

 06... -- 1.0 2.5 685 8.0 10.0 0.754 0.010 

 06... -- 14.0 4.1 759 7.6 2.6 -- 0.019 

MAY 

 20... 10.2 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 20... -- 0.50 16.4 647 8.4 13.1 0.848 0.008 

JUL 

 01... 6.45 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 01... -- 0.50 24.6 613 8.5 9.0 1.01 0.009 

 01... -- 14.5 8.8 678 7.8 6.9 -- 0.017 

 24... 3.45 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 24... -- 0.50 25.5 605 8.6 9.9 1.28 0.010 

 24... -- 14.5 9.0 685 7.6 2.6 -- 0.017 

AUG 

 22... 5.30 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 22... -- 0.50 25.5 582 8.4 8.8 1.31 0.011 

 22... -- 14.5 9.0 707 7.6 0.6 -- 0.044 
107

430609088262200 OCONOMOWOC LAKE NO. 2 (OFF HEWITT POINT) AT OCONOMOWOC, WI

LAKE-DEPTH PROFILES, MARCH 6 TO AUGUST 22, 2014

0 10 20 30

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

0 10 20

0 10 20 30

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

0 10 20

07-01-14

DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

0 10 20 30

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

0 10 20

0 10 20 30

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

0 10 20

SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELSIUS

03-06-14 05-20-14

0 10 20 30

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

0 10 20

07-24-14 08-22-14

600 650 700 750 800

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

6 7 8 9 10

600 650 700 750 800

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

6 7 8 9 10

WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELSIUS

600 650 700 750 800

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

6 7 8 9 10

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS

600 650 700 750 800

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

6 7 8 9 10

600 650 700 750 800

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

6 7 8 9 10

W.T.

D.O.

S.C. pH

DEPTH, IN METERS DEPTH, IN METERS
108

 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 20

30

40

50

60

70

Total Phosphorus

Chlorophyll a

Secchi depth

 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 12

11

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 0

5

10

15

20

25

 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 0.00

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

CHLOROPHYLL a CONCENTRATION, IN MICROGRAMS PER LITER SECCHI DEPTH, IN METERS TROPHIC STATE INDEX

 Surface total phosphorus, chlorophyll a concentrations, Secchi depths,

and TSI data for Oconomowoc Lake, Hewitt Point, at Oconomowoc, Wisconsin.

(Open circles on the first two plots indicate laboratory detection limit for selected analyses.

 Actual concentrations for these particular analyses are less than the plotted circles.)

Eutrophic

Mesotrophic

TOTAL PHOSPHORUS CONCENTRATION, IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

Oligotrophic
109

430723088252100 OKAUCHEE LAKE AT OKAUCHEE, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 43°07'23", long 88°25'21", in SE 1⁄4 SE 1⁄4 sec.25, T.8 N., R.17 E., Waukesha County, Hydrologic Unit 07090001, at Okauchee.

DRAINAGE AREA.--80.7 mi2. 

PERIOD OF RECORD.--February 1984 to September 2006, April to August 2008, April to August 2010, April to August 2012, March to August 2014. 

REMARKS.--Lake sampled near center at the deep hole. The lake was not sampled during winter ice cover because of unsafe winter conditions. Water-quality analyses done by Wisconsin State 

Laboratory of Hygiene.

WATER-QUALITY DATA, MARCH 6 TO AUGUST 22, 2014

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

 Specif- Chloro- Ortho- Ammonia Nitrate

 ic pH, phyll a Phos- phos- Total + + 

 Trans- conduc- water, trichro phorus, phate, nitro- Ammonia org-N, nitrite

 parency Sam- Temper- tance, unfltrd Dis- -matic water, water, gen, water, water, water,

 Secchi pling ature, wat unf field, solved method, unfltrd fltrd, water, fltrd, unfltrd fltrd,

 Date disc, depth, water, uS/cm @ std oxygen, uncorr, mg/L mg/L unfltrd mg/L mg/L mg/L 

 meters meters deg C 25 degC units mg/L ug/L as P as P mg/L as N as N as N 

 (00078) (00098) (00010) (00095) (00400) (00300) (32210) (00665) (00671) (00600) (00608) (00625) (00631)

 

MAR 2014 

 06... -- 1.0 1.6 626 8.1 11.3 18.3 0.026 -- -- -- -- -- 

 06... -- 27.0 3.1 637 8.2 1.0 -- 0.020 -- -- -- -- -- 

MAY 

 20... 2.65 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 20... -- 0.50 15.0 602 8.4 14.1 4.57 0.013 <0.002 0.96 <0.015 0.60 0.354 

JUN 

 16... 5.00 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 16... -- 0.50 22.0 593 8.4 8.9 3.37 0.017 -- -- -- 0.61 -- 

 16... -- 27.0 6.9 618 7.6 1.2 -- 0.062 -- -- -- 1.0 -- 

JUL 

 24... 2.85 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 24... -- 0.50 24.5 561 8.7 9.9 6.17 0.016 -- -- -- -- -- 

 24... -- 27.0 7.0 618 7.5 0.7 -- 0.020 -- -- -- -- -- 

AUG 

 22... 3.80 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 22... -- 0.50 24.5 544 8.7 9.3 3.51 0.011 -- -- -- -- -- 

 22... -- 27.0 7.1 616 7.6 0.4 -- 0.025 -- -- -- -- -- 
110

430723088252100 OKAUCHEE LAKE AT OKAUCHEE, WI

WATER-QUALITY DATA, MARCH 6 TO AUGUST 22, 2014

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

 Turbdty Appar- ANC, 

 white ent wat unf 

 light, color, Hard- Magnes- Potas- fixed Chlor- Silica, Manga- 

 det ang water, ness, Calcium ium, Sodium, sium, end pt, ide, Sulfate water, Iron, nese, 

 90+/-30 unfltrd water, water, water, water, water, lab, water, water, fltrd, water, water,

 Date degrees Pt-Co mg/L as fltrd, fltrd, fltrd, fltrd, mg/L as fltrd, fltrd, mg/L as fltrd, fltrd,

 NTU units CaCO3 mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L CaCO3 mg/L mg/L SiO2 ug/L ug/L 

 (63675) (00081) (00900) (00915) (00925) (00930) (00935) (00417) (00940) (00945) (00955) (01046) (01056)

 

MAR 2014 

 06... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 06... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

MAY 

 20... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 20... 1.4 20 282 55.6 34.7 20.4 2.22 239 46 27.3 6.34 <0.100 <1.00 

JUN 

 16... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 16... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 16... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

JUL 

 24... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 24... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 24... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

AUG 

 22... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 22... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 22... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 Dis- 

 solved

 solids

 dried @

 180degC

 Date wat flt

 mg/L 

 (70300)

 

MAY 

 20... -- 

 20... 340 
111

430723088252100 OKAUCHEE LAKE AT OKAUCHEE, WI

LAKE-DEPTH PROFILES, MARCH 6 TO AUGUST 22, 2014

0 10 20 30

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

0 10 20

0 10 20 30

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

0 10 20

SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELSIUS

03-06-14 05-20-14

0 10 20 30

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

0 10 20

06-16-14

DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

0 10 20 30

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

0 10 20

0 10 20 30

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

0 10 20

07-24-14 08-22-14

500 550 600 650

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

6 7 8 9 10

500 550 600 650

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

6 7 8 9 10

WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELSIUS

500 550 600 650

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

6 7 8 9 10

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS

500 550 600 650

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

6 7 8 9 10

500 550 600 650

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

6 7 8 9 10

W.T.

D.O.

S.C.

pH

DEPTH, IN METERS DEPTH, IN METERS
112

 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Total Phosphorus

Chlorophyll a

Secchi depth

 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 0

5

10

15

20

25

30

 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 0.00

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

CHLOROPHYLL a CONCENTRATION, IN MICROGRAMS PER LITER SECCHI DEPTH, IN METERS TROPHIC STATE INDEX

Surface total phosphorus, chlorophyll a concentrations, Secchi depths, 

 and TSI data for Okauchee Lake, near Okauchee, Wisconsin.

(Open circles on the first two plots indicate laboratory detection limit for selected analyses.

 Actual concentrations for these particular analyses are less than the plotted circles.)

Eutrophic

Mesotrophic

TOTAL PHOSPHORUS CONCENTRATION, IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

Oligotrophic
113

430759088244200 OKAUCHEE LAKE, NO. 1, NEAR OKAUCHEE, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 43°07'59", long 88°24'42", in NE 1⁄4 NW 1⁄4 sec.30, T.8 N., R.18 E., Waukesha County, Hydrologic Unit 07090001, near Okauchee. 

PERIOD OF RECORD.--April 1986 to September 2006, April to August 2008, April to August 2010, April to August 2012, March to August 2014. 

REMARKS.--Lake sampled in Crane’s Nest Bay, in the northeast part of the lake, at an approximate depth of 2 m. Water-quality analyses done by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene.

WATER-QUALITY DATA, JUNE 16 TO AUGUST 22, 2014

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

 Specif- Chloro- Ammonia

 ic pH, phyll a Phos- + 

 Trans- conduc- water, trichro phorus, org-N,

 parency Sam- Temper- tance, unfltrd Dis- -matic water, water,

 Secchi pling ature, wat unf field, solved method, unfltrd unfltrd

 Date disc, depth, water, uS/cm @ std oxygen, uncorr, mg/L mg/L 

 meters meters deg C 25 degC units mg/L ug/L as P as N 

 (00078) (00098) (00010) (00095) (00400) (00300) (32210) (00665) (00625)

 

JUN 2014 

 16... >1.60 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 16... -- 0.50 23.5 604 8.5 9.4 4.05 0.019 0.60 

JUL 

 24... >1.60 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 24... -- 0.50 24.9 630 8.3 8.1 3.62 0.022 -- 

AUG 

 22... >1.60 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 22... -- 0.50 24.7 606 8.5 10.4 7.93 0.017 -- 
114

 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 20

30

40

50

60

70

Total Phosphorus

Chlorophyll a

Secchi depth

 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 5

4

3

2

1

0

 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 0

10

20

30

40

50

 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 0.00

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.10

0.12

CHLOROPHYLL a CONCENTRATION, IN MICROGRAMS PER LITER SECCHI DEPTH, IN METERS TROPHIC STATE INDEX

Surface total phosphorus, chlorophyll a concentrations, Secchi depths,

 and TSI data for Okauchee Lake, No. 1, near Okauchee, Wisconsin.

Oligotrophic

Eutrophic

Mesotrophic

TOTAL PHOSPHORUS CONCENTRATION, IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

 (Triangles in Secchi plot indicate maximum depth at sampling site.

Actual Secchi depth on these days was greater than the plotted triangles.)
115

430645088264500 OKAUCHEE LAKE, NO. 2, AT OKAUCHEE, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 43°06'45", long 88°26'45", in SE 1⁄4 NE 1⁄4 sec.35, T.8 N., R.17 E., Waukesha County, Hydrologic Unit 07090001, at Okauchee.

PERIOD OF RECORD.--April 1986 to September 2006, April to August 2008, April to August 2010, April to August 2012, March to August 2014.

REMARKS.--Lake sampled in Lower Okauchee Lake, at an approximate depth of 3 m. Water-quality analyses done by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene.

WATER-QUALITY DATA, JUNE 16 TO AUGUST 22, 2014

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

 Specif- Chloro- Ammonia

 ic pH, phyll a Phos- + 

 Trans- conduc- water, trichro phorus, org-N,

 parency Sam- Temper- tance, unfltrd Dis- -matic water, water,

 Secchi pling ature, wat unf field, solved method, unfltrd unfltrd

 Date disc, depth, water, uS/cm @ std oxygen, uncorr, mg/L mg/L 

 meters meters deg C 25 degC units mg/L ug/L as P as N 

 (00078) (00098) (00010) (00095) (00400) (00300) (32210) (00665) (00625)

 

JUN 2014 

 16... >2.80 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 16... -- 0.50 23.8 571 8.4 9.1 2.39 0.016 0.64 

JUL 

 24... >2.80 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 24... -- 0.50 25.5 525 8.6 10.3 2.65 0.016 -- 

 24... -- 3.0 25.3 523 8.6 10.8 -- 0.016 -- 

AUG 

 22... 3.00 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 22... -- 0.50 25.2 507 8.8 9.2 3.48 0.014 -- 

 22... -- 2.5 24.9 507 8.8 9.3 -- 0.017 -- 
116

 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 20

30

40

50

60

70

Total Phosphorus

Chlorophyll a

Secchi depth

 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 5

4

3

2

1

0

 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 0

5

10

15

 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 0.00

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.10

0.12

CHLOROPHYLL a CONCENTRATION, IN MICROGRAMS PER LITER SECCHI DEPTH, IN METERS TROPHIC STATE INDEX

Surface total phosphorus, chlorophyll a concentrations, Secchi depths,

 and TSI data for Okauchee Lake, No. 2, near Okauchee, Wisconsin.

(Open circles on the first two plots indicate laboratory detection limit for selected analyses.

 Actual concentrations for these particular analyses are less than the plotted circles.)

 (Triangles in Secchi plot indicate maximum depth at sampling site.

Actual Secchi depth on these days was greater than the plotted triangles.)

Oligotrophic

Eutrophic

Mesotrophic

TOTAL PHOSPHORUS CONCENTRATION, IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER
117

430642088252400 OKAUCHEE LAKE, NO. 3, AT OKAUCHEE, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 43°06'42", long 88°25'24", in NE 1⁄4 SE 1⁄4 sec.36, T.8 N., R.17 E., Waukesha County, Hydrologic Unit 07090001, at Okauchee.

PERIOD OF RECORD.--April 1986 to September 2006, April to August 2008, April to August 2010, April to August 2012, March to August 2014. 

REMARKS.--Lake sampled in Ice House Bay, in the southern part of the lake, at an approximate depth of 5 m. Water-quality analyses done by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene.

WATER-QUALITY DATA, JUNE 16 TO AUGUST 22, 2014

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

 Specif- Chloro- Ammonia

 ic pH, phyll a Phos- + 

 Trans- conduc- water, trichro phorus, org-N,

 parency Sam- Temper- tance, unfltrd Dis- -matic water, water,

 Secchi pling ature, wat unf field, solved method, unfltrd unfltrd

 Date disc, depth, water, uS/cm @ std oxygen, uncorr, mg/L mg/L 

 meters meters deg C 25 degC units mg/L ug/L as P as N 

 (00078) (00098) (00010) (00095) (00400) (00300) (32210) (00665) (00625)

 

JUN 2014 

 16... >5.00 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 16... -- 0.50 22.7 573 8.4 9.4 2.15 0.017 0.77 

JUL 

 24... 3.85 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 24... -- 0.50 24.5 540 8.4 9.5 4.63 0.017 -- 

 24... -- 4.5 23.9 539 8.6 9.8 -- 0.016 -- 

AUG 

 22... 4.35 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 22... -- 0.50 24.8 516 8.8 9.5 3.45 0.015 -- 

 22... -- 4.5 23.6 536 8.6 7.9 -- 0.014 -- 
118

 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 20

30

40

50

60

70

Total Phosphorus

Chlorophyll a

Secchi depth

 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 5

4

3

2

1

0

 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 0

5

10

15

20

 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 0.00

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

CHLOROPHYLL a CONCENTRATION, IN MICROGRAMS PER LITER SECCHI DEPTH, IN METERS TROPHIC STATE INDEX

Surface total phosphorus, chlorophyll a concentrations, Secchi depths,

and TSI data for Okauchee Lake, No. 3, near Okauchee, Wisconsin.

Oligotrophic

Eutrophic

Mesotrophic

TOTAL PHOSPHORUS CONCENTRATION, IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

 (Triangles in Secchi plot indicate maximum depth at sampling site.

Actual Secchi depth on these days was greater than the plotted triangles.)
119

430757088261700 OKAUCHEE LAKE, NO. 4, AT OKAUCHEE, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 43°07'57", long 88°26'17", in NW 1⁄4 NW 1⁄4 sec.25, T.8 N., R.17 E., Waukesha County, Hydrologic Unit 07090001, at Okauchee.

PERIOD OF RECORD.--June 1986 to September 2006, April to August 2008, April to August 2010, April to August 2012, March to August 2014. 

REMARKS.--Lake sampled near McDowell (Crazyman’s) Island, in the northwest bay of the lake, at an approximate depth of 

 2 m. Water-quality analyses done by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene.

WATER-QUALITY DATA, JUNE 16 TO AUGUST 22, 2014

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

 Specif- Chloro- Ammonia

 ic pH, phyll a Phos- + 

 Trans- conduc- water, trichro phorus, org-N,

 parency Sam- Temper- tance, unfltrd Dis- -matic water, water,

 Secchi pling ature, wat unf field, solved method, unfltrd unfltrd

 Date disc, depth, water, uS/cm @ std oxygen, uncorr, mg/L mg/L 

 meters meters deg C 25 degC units mg/L ug/L as P as N 

 (00078) (00098) (00010) (00095) (00400) (00300) (32210) (00665) (00625)

 

JUN 2014 

 16... >1.50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 16... -- 0.50 22.4 560 8.7 14.1 1.52 0.015 0.77 

JUL 

 24... >1.50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 24... -- 0.50 24.6 522 8.8 10.3 2.20 0.016 -- 

AUG 

 22... >1.50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 22... -- 0.50 25.2 522 8.7 8.5 3.39 0.014 -- 
120

 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 20

30

40

50

60

70

Total Phosphorus

Chlorophyll a

Secchi depth

 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 5

4

3

2

1

0

 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 0

5

10

15

 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 0.00

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

CHLOROPHYLL a CONCENTRATION, IN MICROGRAMS PER LITER SECCHI DEPTH, IN METERS TROPHIC STATE INDEX

Surface total phosphorus, chlorophyll a concentrations, Secchi depths,

 and TSI data for Okauchee Lake, No. 4, near Okauchee, Wisconsin.

(Open circles on the first two plots indicate laboratory detection limit for selected analyses.

 Actual concentrations for these particular analyses are less than the plotted circles.)

 (Triangles in Secchi plot indicate maximum depth at sampling site.

Actual Secchi depth on these days was greater than the plotted triangles.)

Oligotrophic

Eutrophic

Mesotrophic

TOTAL PHOSPHORUS CONCENTRATION, IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER
121

423246088175800 POWERS LAKE AT POWERS LAKE, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 42°32'46", long 88°17'58", in NW 1⁄4 SE 1⁄4 sec.13, T.1 N., R.18 E., Walworth County, Hydrologic Unit 07120006, at Powers Lake.

SURFACE AREA.—0.72 mi2. 

DRAINAGE AREA.--3.42 mi2. 

PERIOD OF RECORD.--March 1986 to August 1996, and April 1998 to current year.

REMARKS.--Lake sampled near center at the deep hole. Water-quality analyses done by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene.

WATER-QUALITY DATA, MARCH 4 TO AUGUST 19, 2014 

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated) 

 

 Specif- Chloro- Ortho- Ammonia Ammonia

 ic pH, phyll a Phos- phos- Total + + 

 Trans- conduc- water, trichro phorus, phate, nitro- Ammonia org-N, org-N,

 parency Sam- Temper- tance, unfltrd Dis- -matic water, water, gen, water, water, water,

 Secchi pling ature, wat unf field, solved method, unfltrd fltrd, water, fltrd, fltrd, unfltrd

 Date disc, depth, water, uS/cm @ std oxygen, uncorr, mg/L mg/L unfltrd mg/L mg/L mg/L 

 meters meters deg C 25 degC units mg/L ug/L as P as P mg/L as N as N as N 

 (00078) (00098) (00010) (00095) (00400) (00300) (32210) (00665) (00671) (00600) (00608) (00623) (00625)

 

MAR 2014 

 04... -- 1.0 2.7 579 8.1 12.4 4.18 0.013 -- -- -- -- -- 

 04... -- 10.0 4.6 607 7.8 5.6 -- 0.013 -- -- -- -- -- 

MAY 

 20... 5.50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 20... -- 0.50 15.2 519 8.3 11.7 1.32 0.011 <0.002 <0.66 0.026 -- 0.64 

JUN 

 30... 3.55 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 30... -- 0.50 25.4 498 8.5 8.4 4.59 0.018 -- -- -- -- -- 

 30... -- 9.0 14.7 535 7.5 0.2 -- 0.039 -- -- -- -- -- 

JUL 

 29... 3.30 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 29... -- 0.50 24.0 492 8.6 8.4 3.88 0.017 <0.002 <0.57 <0.015 0.71 0.56 

 29... -- 9.5 15.1 526 7.6 0.6 -- 0.046 -- -- -- -- -- 

AUG 

 19... 2.95 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 19... -- 0.50 24.5 510 8.5 8.8 4.52 0.016 -- -- -- -- -- 

 19... -- 9.5 15.7 544 7.5 0.5 -- 0.049 -- -- -- -- -- 
122

423246088175800 POWERS LAKE AT POWERS LAKE, WI

WATER-QUALITY DATA, MARCH 4 TO AUGUST 19, 2014

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated) 

 Nitrate Turbdty Appar- ANC, 

 + white ent wat unf 

 nitrite light, color, Hard- Magnes- Potas- fixed Chlor- Silica, 

 water, det ang water, ness, Calcium ium, Sodium, sium, end pt, ide, Sulfate water, Iron, 

 fltrd, 90+/-30 unfltrd water, water, water, water, water, lab, water, water, fltrd, water,

 Date mg/L degrees Pt-Co mg/L as fltrd, fltrd, fltrd, fltrd, mg/L as unfltrd fltrd, mg/L as fltrd,

 as N NTU units CaCO3 mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L CaCO3 mg/L mg/L SiO2 ug/L 

 (00631) (63675) (00081) (00900) (00915) (00925) (00930) (00935) (00417) (99220) (00945) (00955) (01046)

 

MAR 2014 

 04... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 04... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

MAY 

 20... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 20... <0.019 0.7 15 218 35.8 31.3 21.4 2.36 184 46 14.8 5.53 <0.100 

JUN 

 30... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 30... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 30... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

JUL 

 29... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 29... <0.019 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 29... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

AUG 

 19... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 19... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 19... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 Dis- 

 solved

 Manga- solids

 nese, dried @

 water, 180degC

 Date fltrd, wat flt

 ug/L mg/L 

 (01056) (70300)

 

MAY 

 20... -- -- 

 20... <1.00 286 
123

423246088175800 POWERS LAKE AT POWERS LAKE, WI

LAKE-DEPTH PROFILES, MARCH 4 TO AUGUST 19, 2014

0 10 20 30

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

0 10 20

0 10 20 30

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

0 10 20

SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELSIUS

03-04-14 05-20-14

0 10 20 30

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

0 10 20

06-30-14

DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

0 10 20 30

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

0 10 20

0 10 20 30

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

0 10 20

07-29-14 08-19-14

450 500 550 600

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

6 7 8 9 10

450 500 550 600

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

6 7 8 9 10

WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELSIUS

450 500 550 600

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

6 7 8 9 10

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS

450 500 550 600

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

6 7 8 9 10

450 500 550 600

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

6 7 8 9 10

W.T. D.O.

pH S.C.

DEPTH, IN METERS DEPTH, IN METERS
124

 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 20

30

40

50

60

70

Total Phosphorus

Chlorophyll a

Secchi depth

 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 0

5

10

15

 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 0.00

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

0.07

0.08

CHLOROPHYLL a CONCENTRATION, IN MICROGRAMS PER LITER SECCHI DEPTH, IN METERS TROPHIC STATE INDEX

Surface total phosphorus, chlorophyll a concentrations, Secchi depths,

 and TSI data for Powers Lake, at Powers Lake, Wisconsin.

(Open circles on the first two plots indicate laboratory detection limit for selected analyses.

 Actual concentrations for these particular analyses are less than the plotted circles.)

Eutrophic

Mesotrophic

TOTAL PHOSPHORUS CONCENTRATION, IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

Oligotrophic
125

453420091551600 SILVER LAKE NEAR CUMBERLAND, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 45°34′20′′, long 91°55′16′′ referenced to North American Datum of 1927, in SE 1⁄4 NE 1⁄4 SW 1⁄4 sec.25, T.36 N., R.13 W., 

Barron County, WI, Hydrologic Unit 07050007. 

DRAINAGE AREA.--1,800 acres; 2.81 mi2 

PERIOD OF RECORD.--October 2011 to current year. Archived data October 2004 to September 2011. 

GAGE.--Non-recording gage. Staff gage mounted on wood board and 1.5" steel pipe. The staff is installed/removed seasonally to coincide with 

measuring stage during the open water period. 

COOPERATION.--Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. 

REMARKS.--Water surface elevation collected by land owner (observer). 

EXTREMES FOR PERIOD OF RECORD.--Maximum daily gage height, 80.66 ft, June 30, 2014; Minimum daily gage

 height, 78.10 ft, Nov. 7, 2013. 

EXTREMES FOR CURRENT YEAR.--Maximum daily gage height, 80.66 ft, June 30; Minimum daily gage 

 height, 78.10 ft, Nov. 7. 

GAGE HEIGHT, FEET

WATER YEAR OCTOBER 2013 TO SEPTEMBER 2014

DAY OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP

1 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

2 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 80.40 --- --- ---

3 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

4 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

5 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

6 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

7 --- 78.10 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 80.55 --- ---

8 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

9 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

10 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

11 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

12 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 80.52 80.08 ---

13 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

14 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 80.32

15 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

16 78.30 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

17 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 80.43 --- ---

18 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 79.98 ---

19 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

20 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

21 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 80.34 --- ---

22 78.26 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 80.06 ---

23 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

24 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

25 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

26 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 80.20

27 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 80.29 80.00 ---

28 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

29 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 80.26 --- --- --- ---

30 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 80.66 80.22 --- ---

31 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
126

 2012 2013 2014 75

80

85

GAGE HEIGHT, IN FEET

 Stage hydrograph for Silver Lake near Cumberland, 2011-2014.
127

04072500 SILVER LAKE AT PORTAGE, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 43°33′10′′, long 89°28′22.9′′ referenced to North American Datum of 1983, Columbia County, WI, Hydrologic Unit 04030201, 

previously published at Lat 43°33′10′′, long 89°07′58′′referenced to North American Datum of 1927 

DRAINAGE AREA.--1.00 mi2. 

PERIOD OF RECORD.--May 2010 to current year. Work records from August 1936 to February 2010 in USGS database. 

GAGE.--A staff gage is periodically read by an observer, and reported in local datum. 

COOPERATION.--Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. 

EXTREMES FOR PERIOD OF RECORD.--Maximum observed gage height, 8.88 ft July 21, 2010; miminum observed gage height, 6.20 ft, Oct. 

12, 2012. 

EXTREMES FOR CURRENT YEAR.--Maximum observed gage height, 8.49 ft May 13; miminum observed gage height, 7.60 ft, Oct. 3, 2013.

GAGE HEIGHT, FEET

WATER YEAR OCTOBER 2013 TO SEPTEMBER 2014

DAY OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP

1 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

2 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

3 7.60 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

4 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

5 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

6 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

7 7.70 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

8 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

9 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

10 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

11 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

12 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

13 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 8.49 --- --- --- ---

14 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

15 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

16 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

17 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

18 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

19 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

20 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

21 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

22 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

23 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

24 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

25 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

26 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

27 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

28 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

29 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

30 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

31 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
128

 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 1

2

3

4

5

6

6

7

8

9

GAGE HEIGHT, IN FEET

 

 Stage hydrograph for Silver Lake at Portage, 2010-2014.
129

05429485 LAKE WAUBESA AT MCFARLAND, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 43°00′32′′, long 89°18′19′′ referenced to North American Datum of 1927, in SW 1⁄4 SW 1⁄4 sec.3, T.6 N., R.10 E., Dane County, 

WI, Hydrologic Unit 07090001, on left bank just upstream from bridge on U.S. Highway 51, downstream of dam at outlet of Lake Waubesa 

and 1.0 mi southwest of McFarland. 

SURFACE AREA.--3.25 mi2. 

DRAINAGE AREA.--327 mi2 of which 36.6 mi2 probably is noncontributing. 

PERIOD OF RECORD.--October 2003 to current year. 

REVISED RECORDS.--WSP 805, WDR WI-73-1: Drainage area. 

GAGE.--Water-stage recorder. Datum of gage is 840.00 ft above NGVD of 1929 (levels by Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources). 

REMARKS.--Lake level regulated by dams at outlets of Lake Mendota and Lake Waubesa. Gage-height telemeter at station. 

EXTREMES FOR PERIOD OF RECORD.--Maximum gage height observed, 7.22 ft, June 15-17, 2008; minimum observed, 3.50 ft, Feb.14, 

2006, current datum. 

EXTREMES FOR CURRENT YEAR.--Maximum recorded gage height, 5.95 ft, Aug. 27; minimum recorded, 3.99 ft, Apr. 12. 
130

05429485 LAKE WAUBESA AT MCFARLAND, WI

GAGE HEIGHT, FEET

WATER YEAR OCTOBER 2013 TO SEPTEMBER 2014

DAILY MEAN VALUES

[e, estimated]

DAY OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP

1 4.85 4.62 4.81 4.24 4.10 4.14 e4.20 4.88 4.84 5.79 5.50 5.78

2 4.84 4.63 4.81 4.23 4.11 4.13 e4.18 4.86 5.01 5.83 5.53 5.76

3 4.82 4.62 4.81 4.21 4.11 4.12 e4.15 4.85 5.15 5.80 5.54 5.71

4 4.82 4.60 4.83 4.20 4.11 4.12 4.14 4.82 5.17 5.77 5.58 5.78

5 4.83 4.62 4.73 4.19 4.12 4.13 4.13 4.78 5.17 5.73 5.67 5.83

6 4.84 4.69 4.81 e4.19 4.13 4.12 4.10 4.74 5.14 5.71 5.70 5.79

7 4.82 4.72 4.79 e4.18 4.13 4.11 4.09 4.72 5.12 5.71 5.71 5.74

8 4.78 4.71 4.71 4.17 4.14 4.10 4.10 4.73 5.11 5.72 5.71 5.71

9 4.76 4.70 4.67 4.18 4.14 4.10 4.05 4.73 5.09 5.69 5.71 5.66

10 4.74 4.70 4.63 4.17 4.14 4.10 4.02 4.70 5.07 5.65 5.72 5.68

11 4.73 4.70 4.59 4.19 4.14 4.12 4.01 4.67 5.06 5.62 5.73 5.64

12 4.71 4.68 4.55 4.19 4.14 4.16 3.99 4.73 5.05 5.60 5.76 5.60

13 4.71 4.65 4.51 4.19 4.15 4.17 4.06 4.84 5.03 5.61 5.75 5.54

14 4.69 4.62 4.49 4.20 4.15 4.18 4.42 4.84 4.99 5.60 5.73 5.49

15 4.69 4.62 4.46 4.20 4.16 4.25 4.54 4.83 4.95 5.58 5.70 5.46

16 4.70 4.63 4.44 4.21 4.16 4.26 4.55 4.81 4.95 5.56 5.67 5.43

17 4.71 4.72 4.42 4.20 4.18 4.25 4.56 4.79 5.04 5.54 5.66 5.38

18 4.71 4.83 4.39 4.20 4.19 4.23 4.59 4.75 5.12 5.52 5.64 5.34

19 4.69 4.83 4.37 4.19 4.19 4.27 4.59 4.71 5.23 5.53 5.67 5.30

20 4.67 4.81 4.36 4.18 4.21 4.30 4.59 4.70 5.49 5.54 5.68 5.27

21 4.66 4.83 4.34 4.17 4.24 4.30 4.63 4.69 5.63 5.55 5.71 5.27

22 4.64 4.85 4.36 4.16 4.23 4.31 4.66 4.67 5.66 5.55 5.75 5.23

23 4.62 4.85 4.35 4.15 4.22 4.29 4.65 4.63 5.67 5.55 5.75 5.19

24 4.61 4.85 4.34 4.14 4.21 4.28 4.65 4.60 5.66 5.53 5.74 5.16

25 4.57 4.83 4.32 4.13 4.19 4.27 4.71 4.59 5.62 5.52 5.84 5.13

26 4.53 4.80 4.31 4.13 4.17 4.24 4.72 4.59 5.56 5.52 5.94 5.10

27 4.51 4.86 4.29 4.14 4.16 4.22 4.70 4.64 5.51 5.52 5.95 5.08

28 4.49 4.84 4.28 4.12 4.15 e4.24 4.73 4.88 5.45 5.51 5.91 5.06

29 4.48 4.83 4.27 4.11 --- e4.24 4.83 4.92 5.44 5.50 5.87 5.03

30 4.48 4.82 4.25 4.10 --- e4.23 4.88 4.90 5.59 5.50 5.84 5.01

31 4.54 --- 4.24 4.10 --- 4.23 --- 4.87 --- 5.50 5.81 ---

MEAN 4.69 4.74 4.50 4.17 4.16 4.20 4.41 4.76 5.25 5.61 5.72 5.44

MAX 4.85 4.86 4.83 4.24 4.24 4.31 4.88 4.92 5.67 5.83 5.95 5.83

MIN 4.48 4.60 4.24 4.10 4.10 4.10 3.99 4.59 4.84 5.50 5.50 5.01
131

 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 3

4

5

6

7

8

GAGE HEIGHT, IN FEET

 Stage hydrograph for Lake Waubesa, 2003-2014.
132

461231091524900 WHITEFISH (BARDON) LAKE NEAR GORDON, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 46°12′31′′, long 91°52′49′′ referenced to North American Datum of 1927, in SW 1⁄4 SW 1⁄4 NW 1⁄4 sec.16, T.43 N., R.12 W., Douglas County, WI, 

Hydrologic Unit 07030002. 

DRAINAGE AREA.--0.81 mi2 

PERIOD OF RECORD.--October 2011 to present. Archived data from 2004 to September 2011. 

GAGE.--Non-recording gage. Steel rod pounded into lake bed. The rod is installed/removed seasonally to coincide with measuring stage during the open water 

period. 

COOPERATION.--Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. 

REMARKS.--Water surface elevation collected by land owner (observer). 

EXTREMES FOR PERIOD OF RECORD.--Maximum daily gage height, 5.90 ft, Sept. 13, 2014; Minimum daily gage height, 3.75 ft, October 22, 2012. 

EXTREMES FOR CURRENT YEAR.--Maximum daily gage height, 5.90 ft, Sept. 13; Minimum daily gage height, 4.80 ft, Nov. 7, 2013. 

GAGE HEIGHT, FEET

WATER YEAR OCTOBER 2013 TO SEPTEMBER 2014

DAY OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP

1 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 5.75 --- --- ---

2 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

3 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

4 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

5 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

6 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

7 --- 4.80 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

8 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

9 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 5.63 --- ---

10 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

11 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 5.47 ---

12 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

13 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 5.90

14 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

15 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

16 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 5.80 --- --- ---

17 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 5.57 --- ---

18 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

19 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

20 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

21 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

22 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

23 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 5.71 5.47 --- ---

24 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

25 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 5.50 ---

26 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 5.63 ---

27 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

28 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

29 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 5.74 --- --- --- ---

30 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

31 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
133

 2011 2012 2013 2014 0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

 

GAGE HEIGHT, IN FEET

 

 Stage hydrograph for Whitefish (Bardon) Lake near Gordon, 2011-2014.
134

424848088083100 WIND LAKE, HEADWATER, AT OUTLET AT WIND LAKE, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 42°48′48′′, long 88°08′31′′ referenced to North American Datum of 1927, in NE 1⁄4 NW 1⁄4 sec.16, T.4 N., R.20 E., Racine County, WI, Hydrologic 

Unit 07120006, at Wind Lake. 

SURFACE AREA.--1.46 mi2. 

DRAINAGE AREA.--39.6 mi2. 

PERIOD OF RECORD.--March 1985 to current year. Prior to October 2000, published as "Wind Lake Outlet". 

REVISED RECORDS.--WDR WI-91-1: 1988(m). 

REMARKS.--Lake level regulated by dam with two 10-foot gates at outlet. Lake ice-covered Jan. 14 to Mar. 8. Prior to October 1987, published as Wind Lake at Wind 

Lake, Wis. Gage-height telemeter at station. 

EXTREMES FOR PERIOD OF RECORD.--Maximum gage height, 9.88 ft, June 14, 15, 2008; minimum recorded, 5.95 ft, Jan. 2, 1996. 

EXTREMES FOR CURRENT YEAR.—Headwater: Maximum recorded gage height, 8.53 ft, Jul. 13; minimum recorded, 7.63 ft, Oct. 25-26. 

GAGE HEIGHT, FEET

WATER YEAR OCTOBER 2013 TO SEPTEMBER 2014

DAILY MEAN VALUES

[e, estimated]

DAY OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP

1 7.77 7.78 7.73 7.72 7.70 7.68 8.18 8.17 8.25 8.26 8.30 8.28

2 7.76 7.72 7.72 7.73 7.71 7.70 8.20 8.19 8.35 8.25 8.39 8.30

3 7.75 7.68 7.72 7.73 7.72 7.71 8.20 8.20 8.35 8.27 8.36 8.27

4 7.76 7.70 7.73 7.74 7.73 7.73 8.18 8.21 8.31 8.27 8.34 8.32

5 7.79 7.71 7.73 7.75 7.76 7.75 8.16 8.22 8.29 8.26 8.33 8.32

6 7.86 7.74 7.72 7.74 7.76 7.76 8.14 8.23 8.29 8.27 8.31 8.27

7 7.85 7.75 7.70 7.74 7.75 7.78 8.14 8.22 8.31 8.30 8.30 8.26

8 7.82 7.73 7.69 7.73 7.75 7.79 8.19 8.21 8.32 8.38 8.29 8.26

9 7.80 7.70 7.69 7.73 7.75 7.79 8.28 8.22 8.29 8.38 8.28 8.24

10 7.78 7.68 7.69 7.74 7.75 7.81 8.23 8.23 8.28 8.35 8.27 8.23

11 7.75 7.70 7.69 7.77 7.74 7.85 8.23 8.22 8.34 8.32 8.35 8.22

12 7.74 7.73 7.69 7.77 7.73 7.90 8.20 8.23 8.33 8.33 8.36 8.23

13 7.73 7.73 7.69 7.77 7.72 7.94 8.21 8.31 8.30 8.53 8.34 8.23

14 7.70 7.75 7.70 7.75 7.71 7.99 8.34 8.34 8.28 8.50 8.33 8.23

15 7.68 7.76 7.70 7.73 7.70 8.05 8.29 8.32 8.26 8.45 8.31 8.23

16 7.67 7.76 7.70 7.72 7.68 8.13 8.23 8.25 8.25 8.41 8.29 8.23

17 7.67 7.84 7.71 7.72 7.68 8.21 8.25 8.23 8.27 8.37 8.29 8.24

18 7.66 7.88 7.71 7.72 7.69 8.25 8.17 8.27 8.25 8.32 8.29 8.25

19 7.64 7.93 7.72 7.72 7.69 8.18 8.14 8.28 8.23 8.31 8.43 8.24

20 7.64 7.89 7.72 7.72 7.72 8.13 8.15 8.26 8.23 8.34 8.42 8.23

21 7.64 7.77 7.73 7.72 7.73 8.14 8.16 8.25 8.22 8.34 8.36 8.27

22 7.63 7.65 7.77 7.71 7.71 8.15 8.18 8.24 8.22 8.31 8.34 8.25

23 7.64 7.70 7.77 7.71 7.68 8.13 8.17 8.23 8.26 8.31 8.33 8.25

24 7.64 7.70 7.75 7.70 7.67 8.12 8.17 8.22 8.36 8.30 8.37 8.24

25 7.63 7.73 7.74 7.70 7.66 8.12 8.18 8.21 8.33 8.30 8.41 8.24

26 7.63 7.76 7.72 7.70 7.65 8.10 8.18 8.21 8.25 8.30 8.40 8.24

27 7.64 7.76 7.71 7.70 7.66 8.10 8.17 8.23 8.23 8.31 8.37 8.24

28 7.66 7.75 7.70 7.69 7.66 8.18 8.17 8.26 8.24 8.31 8.32 8.23

29 7.67 7.75 7.70 7.68 --- 8.19 8.14 8.27 8.25 8.29 8.27 8.23

30 7.70 7.74 7.70 7.68 --- 8.15 8.14 8.25 8.24 8.30 8.27 8.22

31 7.75 --- 7.70 7.68 --- 8.16 --- 8.24 --- 8.28 8.29 ---

MEAN 7.71 7.75 7.71 7.72 7.71 7.99 8.19 8.24 8.28 8.33 8.33 8.25

MAX 7.86 7.93 7.77 7.77 7.76 8.25 8.34 8.34 8.36 8.53 8.43 8.32

MIN 7.63 7.65 7.69 7.68 7.65 7.68 8.14 8.17 8.22 8.25 8.27 8.22
135

 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 5

6

7

8

9

10

GAGE HEIGHT, IN FEET

CREST OF DAM

DAILY AVERAGE STAGES

MANUAL STAGE READING

 Stage hydrograph for Wind Lake, headwater, 1985-2014.
136

424915088083900 WIND LAKE AT WIND LAKE, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 42°49'15", long 88°08'39", in NW 1⁄4 SW 1⁄4 sec.9, T.4 N., R.20 E., Racine County, Hydrologic Unit 07120006, at Wind Lake.

SURFACE AREA.--1.46 mi2. 

PERIOD OF RECORD.--February 1985 to current year.

REMARKS.--Lake sampled near center at the deep hole. Water-quality analyses done by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene.

WATER-QUALITY DATA, MARCH 4 TO AUGUST 27, 2014

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

 Specif- Chloro- Ortho- Ammonia Ammonia

 ic pH, phyll a Phos- phos- Total + + 

 Trans- conduc- water, trichro phorus, phate, nitro- Ammonia org-N, org-N,

 parency Sam- Temper- tance, unfltrd Dis- -matic water, water, gen, water, water, water,

 Secchi pling ature, wat unf field, solved method, unfltrd fltrd, water, fltrd, fltrd, unfltrd

 Date disc, depth, water, uS/cm @ std oxygen, uncorr, mg/L mg/L unfltrd mg/L mg/L mg/L 

 meters meters deg C 25 degC units mg/L ug/L as P as P mg/L as N as N as N 

 (00078) (00098) (00010) (00095) (00400) (00300) (32210) (00665) (00671) (00600) (00608) (00623) (00625)

 

MAR 2014 

 04... -- 1.0 2.5 863 7.9 11.1 4.74 0.021 -- -- -- -- -- 

 04... -- 14.0 2.5 1340 7.5 3.9 -- 0.023 -- -- -- -- -- 

MAY 

 09... 4.05 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 09... -- 0.50 13.7 805 8.1 10.0 2.21 0.021 0.002 1.2 0.067 -- 1.0 

JUN 

 16... 3.80 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 16... -- 0.50 22.2 801 8.6 9.3 4.77 0.150 -- -- -- -- 1.7 

 16... -- 13.5 12.7 839 7.4 0.2 -- 0.021 -- -- -- -- 0.88 

JUL 

 29... 2.30 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 29... -- 0.50 23.1 746 8.3 7.1 7.55 0.024 <0.002 <0.94 <0.015 0.95 0.92 

 29... -- 13.5 13.0 826 7.2 0.2 -- 0.154 -- -- -- -- -- 

AUG 

 27... 2.50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 27... -- 0.50 25.6 744 8.5 8.3 8.47 0.025 -- -- -- -- -- 

 27... -- 6.0 22.0 760 7.8 0.8 -- 0.024 -- -- -- -- -- 

 27... -- 10.0 14.5 839 7.6 0.3 -- 0.149 -- -- -- -- -- 

 27... -- 12.0 13.7 843 7.5 0.3 -- 0.159 -- -- -- -- -- 

 27... -- 13.5 13.4 845 7.4 0.2 -- 0.201 -- -- -- -- -- 
137

424915088083900 WIND LAKE AT WIND LAKE, WI

WATER-QUALITY DATA, MARCH 4 TO AUGUST 27, 2014

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

 Nitrate Turbdty Appar- ANC, 

 + white ent wat unf 

 nitrite light, color, Hard- Magnes- Potas- fixed Chlor- Silica, 

 water, det ang water, ness, Calcium ium, Sodium, sium, end pt, ide, Sulfate water, Iron, 

 fltrd, 90+/-30 unfltrd water, water, water, water, water, lab, water, water, fltrd, water,

 Date mg/L degrees Pt-Co mg/L as fltrd, fltrd, fltrd, fltrd, mg/L as fltrd, fltrd, mg/L as fltrd,

 as N NTU units CaCO3 mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L CaCO3 mg/L mg/L SiO2 ug/L 

 (00631) (63675) (00081) (00900) (00915) (00925) (00930) (00935) (00417) (00940) (00945) (00955) (01046)

 

MAR 2014 

 04... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 04... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

MAY 

 09... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 09... 0.198 -- -- 228 49.7 25.3 66.6 2.79 -- -- -- 0.253 <0.100 

JUN 

 16... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 16... -- 1.7 30 -- -- -- -- -- 174 140 40.1 -- -- 

 16... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

JUL 

 29... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 29... <0.019 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 29... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

AUG 

 27... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 27... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 27... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 27... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 27... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 27... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 

 Dis- 

 solved

 Manga- solids

 nese, dried @

 water, 180degC

 Date fltrd, wat flt

 ug/L mg/L 

 (01056) (70300)

 

 

MAY 

 09... <1.0 -- 

JUN 

 16... -- 430 
138

424915088083900 WIND LAKE AT WIND LAKE, WI

LAKE-DEPTH PROFILES, MARCH 4 TO AUGUST 27, 2014

0 10 20 30

16

12

8

4

0

0 10 20

0 10 20 30

16

12

8

4

0

0 10 20

SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELSIUS

03-04-14 05-09-14

0 10 20 30

16

12

8

4

0

0 10 20

06-16-14

DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

0 10 20 30

16

12

8

4

0

0 10 20

0 10 20 30

16

12

8

4

0

0 10 20

07-29-14 08-27-14

600 800 1000 1200 1400

16

12

8

4

0

6 7 8 9 10

600 800 1000 1200 1400

16

12

8

4

0

6 7 8 9 10

WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELSIUS

600 800 1000 1200 1400

16

12

8

4

0

6 7 8 9 10

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS

600 800 1000 1200 1400

16

12

8

4

0

6 7 8 9 10

600 800 1000 1200 1400

16

12

8

4

0

6 7 8 9 10

W.T.

D.O.

S.C. pH

DEPTH, IN METERS DEPTH, IN METERS
139

 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 30

40

50

60

70

80

Total Phosphorus

Chlorophyll a

Secchi depth

Eutrophic

 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 5

4

3

2

1

0

 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 0

50

100

150

 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 0.00

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.10

0.12

0.14

0.16

CHLOROPHYLL a CONCENTRATION, IN MICROGRAMS PER LITER SECCHI DEPTH, IN METERS TROPHIC STATE INDEX

 Surface total phosphorus, chlorophyll a concentrations, Secchi depths,

 and TSI data for Wind Lake, Deep Hole, at Wind Lake, Wisconsin.

Mesotrophic

TOTAL PHOSPHORUS CONCENTRATION, IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

Oligotrophic
140

04082500 LAKE WINNEBAGO AT OSHKOSH, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 44°00′35′′, long 88°31′38′′ referenced to North American Datum of 1927, in NE 1⁄4 NE 1⁄4 sec.25, T.18 

 N., R.16 E., Winnebago County, WI, Hydrologic Unit 04030203, 800 ft east of mouth of the upper Fox River.

SURFACE AREA.--215 mi2. 

DRAINAGE AREA.--5,880 mi2.

PERIOD OF RECORD.--October 1938 to current year in reports of Geological Survey. Records from July 1882 to 

 September 1938 in files of Geological Survey and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. A report on Fox River by U.S.

 Army Corps of Engineers, published as House Document No. 146, 67th Congress, 2nd session, contains semi- 

 monthly records of inflow of Lake Winnebago for the period 1896-1917. 

REVISED RECORDS.--WDR WI-83-1: Drainage area. 

GAGE.--Water-stage recorder. Nonrecording gage read once daily October 1938 to October 1978. Datum of gage is 

 743.91 ft above NAVD of 1988 (Wisconsin Department of Transportation benchmark). From July 1992 to March 20,

 2007 datum was 743.97 ft above NAVD of 1988. Prior to 2012 datum of gage was published as 745.05 ft above

 mean tide at New York City. 

REMARKS.--Lake elevations controlled by dams at Menasha and Neenah. Data-collection platform and gage-height

 telemeter at station.

 

EXTREMES FOR PERIOD OF RECORD.-- Water year 1938-1992; maximum gage height observed, 4.32 ft Mar. 9, 1982, datum unknown; 

minimum observed, 0.33 ft May 17, 1960, datum unknown. Water year 1993-current year; maximum daily mean gage height, 3.85 ft June 

14, 2008; minimum recorded, 1.15 ft (estimated), March 13-14, 2014.

 

EXTREMES FOR CURRENT YEAR.--Maximum daily mean gage height, 3.21 ft, June 25; Minimum recorded, 1.15 ft (estimated), March 13-14. 
141

04082500 LAKE WINNEBAGO AT OSHKOSH, WI

GAGE HEIGHT, FEET

WATER YEAR OCTOBER 2013 TO SEPTEMBER 2014

DAILY MEAN VALUES

[e, estimated]

DAY OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP

1 2.68 2.48 2.36 2.01 1.74 1.35 1.49 2.69 2.94 3.04 3.00 2.90

2 2.70 2.50 2.34 2.01 1.73 1.33 1.51 2.69 3.13 3.10 2.99 2.89

3 2.70 2.50 2.33 2.00 1.72 1.31 1.52 2.68 3.16 3.12 2.99 2.88

4 2.74 2.46 2.33 2.00 1.70 1.29 1.54 2.68 3.20 3.11 3.03 2.88

5 2.74 2.42 2.27 1.98 1.69 1.28 1.57 2.70 3.16 3.06 3.03 2.86

6 2.74 2.48 2.27 1.98 1.68 1.26 1.58 2.68 3.13 3.07 3.03 2.90

7 2.73 2.49 2.27 1.97 1.67 1.25 1.58 2.71 3.11 3.08 3.02 2.92

8 2.71 2.48 2.24 1.95 1.65 1.23 1.60 2.69 3.15 3.12 3.00 2.91

9 2.66 2.41 2.23 1.94 1.63 1.21 1.61 2.66 3.11 3.14 2.99 2.92

10 2.64 2.41 2.20 1.94 1.59 e1.19 1.62 2.69 3.10 3.14 2.97 2.90

11 2.63 2.43 2.17 1.94 1.57 e1.17 1.62 2.74 3.11 3.08 2.97 2.94

12 2.60 2.41 2.14 1.94 1.56 e1.16 1.66 2.88 3.09 3.08 2.99 2.94

13 2.60 2.38 2.11 1.93 1.56 e1.15 1.88 2.87 3.08 3.09 3.00 2.95

14 2.63 2.35 2.09 1.93 1.55 e1.15 2.18 2.90 3.09 3.07 2.98 2.92

15 2.64 2.37 2.08 1.92 1.54 e1.16 2.30 2.94 3.02 3.08 2.96 2.95

16 2.63 2.37 2.06 1.92 1.52 e1.17 2.40 2.89 2.98 3.08 2.96 2.96

17 2.65 2.39 2.05 1.92 1.52 e1.18 2.43 2.84 3.09 3.07 2.98 2.97

18 2.63 2.41 2.04 1.91 1.52 e1.19 2.41 2.82 3.17 3.07 2.97 3.00

19 2.60 2.52 2.04 1.90 1.52 e1.20 2.48 2.82 3.18 3.04 3.06 2.96

20 2.58 2.49 2.03 1.89 1.51 e1.22 2.50 2.80 3.16 3.06 3.10 2.96

21 2.51 2.48 2.03 1.88 1.51 1.24 2.54 2.79 3.17 3.05 3.12 3.01

22 2.51 2.48 2.03 1.88 1.50 1.25 2.57 2.82 3.15 3.04 3.12 3.02

23 2.48 2.48 2.04 1.87 1.48 1.28 2.62 2.86 3.13 3.07 3.12 3.01

24 2.45 2.47 2.04 1.86 1.46 1.30 2.66 2.88 3.16 3.03 3.12 2.99

25 2.42 2.38 2.05 1.85 1.43 1.32 2.65 2.90 3.21 2.99 3.11 2.96

26 2.36 2.39 2.05 1.84 1.41 1.33 2.64 2.92 3.18 2.99 3.12 2.95

27 2.38 2.38 2.04 1.82 1.39 1.34 2.70 2.98 3.16 3.00 3.13 2.92

28 2.40 2.39 2.04 1.80 1.36 1.44 2.70 3.00 3.12 2.98 3.08 2.90

29 2.38 2.38 2.04 1.78 --- 1.45 2.70 2.99 3.07 2.97 3.00 2.89

30 2.35 2.37 2.03 1.76 --- 1.45 2.69 2.98 3.07 2.99 2.97 2.86

31 2.43 --- 2.02 1.75 --- 1.47 --- 2.95 --- 2.98 2.97 ---

MEAN 2.58 2.43 2.13 1.91 1.56 1.27 2.13 2.82 3.12 3.06 3.03 2.93

MAX 2.74 2.52 2.36 2.01 1.74 1.47 2.70 3.00 3.21 3.14 3.13 3.02

MIN 2.35 2.35 2.02 1.75 1.36 1.15 1.49 2.66 2.94 2.97 2.96 2.86
142

 1882 1887 1892 1897 1902 1907 1912 1917 1922 1927 1932 1937 1942 1947 1952 1957 1962 1967 1972 1977 1982 1987 1992 1997 2002 2007 2012 2017 -2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

GAGE HEIGHT, IN FEET

 

 Stage hydrograph for Lake Winnebago at Oshkosh, WI, 1882-2014.
143

04084255 LAKE WINNEBAGO NEAR STOCKBRIDGE, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 44°04′14′′, long 88°19′44′′ referenced to North American Datum of 1983, Calumet County, WI, Hydrologic Unit 04030203, 

Stockbridge Indian Reservation, on east shore of Lake Winnebago, 300 ft south of County Highway E and 1.6 mi west of Stockbridge. 

SURFACE AREA.--215 mi2. 

DRAINAGE AREA.--5,880 mi2. 

PERIOD OF RECORD.--November 1982 to current year. 

GAGE.--Water-stage recorder. Datum of gage from July 1992 to current year is 744.00 ft above NAVD of 1988 (RTK-GPS survey). Prior to 

2012 pbulished as 745.05 ft above mean tide of New York City.

REMARKS.--Lake elevations controlled by dams at Menasha and Neenah. Data-collection platform and gage-height telemeter at station. 

EXTREMES FOR PERIOD OF RECORD.-- Water year 1982-1992; maximum daily mean gage height, 3.53 ft, May 31, 1989, datum unknown; 

minimum recorded, 0.30 ft, Mar. 1, 1986, datum unknown. Water year 1993 to current year; maximum daily mean gage height, 3.85 ft, July 

9, 11, 1993, June 14, 2008; minimum recorded 1.04 ft (estimated) March 13-14, 2014. 

EXTREMES FOR CURRENT YEAR.--Maximum daily mean gage height, 3.18 ft, June 3; minimum recorded, 1.04 ft (estimated), Mar. 13-14. 
144

04084255 LAKE WINNEBAGO NEAR STOCKBRIDGE, WI

GAGE HEIGHT, FEET

WATER YEAR OCTOBER 2013 TO SEPTEMBER 2014

DAILY MEAN VALUES

[e, estimated]

DAY OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP

1 2.63 2.45 2.23 1.91 1.63 e1.24 e1.38 2.58 2.83 3.06 2.89 2.82

2 2.59 2.36 2.21 1.90 1.62 e1.22 e1.40 2.60 3.09 3.02 2.89 2.80

3 2.56 2.34 2.20 1.89 1.60 e1.20 e1.41 2.61 3.18 3.00 2.89 2.77

4 2.57 2.29 2.21 1.88 1.58 e1.18 e1.43 2.60 3.08 3.01 2.89 2.75

5 2.59 2.32 2.24 1.88 1.57 e1.17 e1.46 2.52 3.04 3.03 2.91 2.80

6 2.68 2.39 2.20 1.89 1.55 e1.15 e1.47 2.49 3.03 3.01 2.91 2.83

7 2.67 2.42 2.15 1.87 1.54 e1.14 e1.47 2.49 3.01 3.02 2.88 2.82

8 2.59 2.38 2.11 1.86 1.52 e1.12 e1.49 2.55 2.97 3.10 2.87 2.82

9 2.55 2.40 2.11 1.84 1.51 e1.10 1.48 2.64 2.96 3.04 2.85 2.80

10 2.51 2.40 2.08 1.83 1.49 e1.08 1.48 2.64 2.96 3.02 2.84 2.80

11 2.49 2.30 2.05 1.85 1.47 e1.06 1.50 2.63 2.96 3.02 2.84 2.81

12 2.52 2.36 2.02 1.82 1.46 e1.05 1.55 2.74 3.03 2.99 2.88 2.80

13 2.55 2.41 1.99 1.81 1.45 e1.04 1.77 2.84 3.05 3.03 2.88 2.84

14 2.50 2.31 1.98 1.82 1.45 e1.04 2.07 2.82 2.92 3.01 2.85 2.88

15 2.51 2.26 1.97 1.83 1.43 e1.05 2.25 2.73 2.85 2.99 2.86 2.86

16 2.58 2.26 1.94 1.81 1.42 e1.06 2.26 2.76 2.89 2.97 2.86 2.88

17 2.57 2.35 1.95 1.82 e1.41 e1.07 2.25 2.77 3.00 2.98 2.81 2.88

18 2.58 2.55 1.93 1.80 e1.41 e1.08 2.33 2.73 3.03 2.96 2.86 2.85

19 2.54 2.41 1.93 1.79 e1.41 e1.09 2.36 2.67 3.02 2.96 3.00 2.89

20 2.49 2.36 1.93 1.79 e1.40 e1.11 2.41 2.65 3.04 2.97 2.99 2.92

21 2.55 2.36 1.93 1.78 e1.40 e1.13 2.46 2.70 3.05 2.97 2.98 2.93

22 2.46 2.40 1.94 1.78 e1.39 e1.14 2.50 2.74 3.02 2.97 2.99 2.93

23 2.41 2.42 1.95 1.77 e1.37 e1.17 2.52 2.76 3.01 2.92 2.98 2.90

24 2.40 2.46 1.94 1.74 e1.35 e1.19 2.50 2.78 3.04 2.92 2.96 2.88

25 2.40 2.47 1.94 1.74 e1.32 e1.21 2.54 2.80 3.06 2.94 3.01 2.85

26 2.35 2.32 1.94 1.72 e1.30 e1.22 2.53 2.83 3.05 2.91 3.04 2.83

27 2.29 2.31 1.93 1.71 e1.28 e1.23 2.45 2.85 3.02 2.89 2.99 2.80

28 2.16 2.28 1.92 1.69 e1.25 e1.33 2.38 2.85 2.99 2.86 2.93 2.78

29 2.20 2.26 1.92 1.66 --- e1.34 2.47 2.85 3.02 2.88 2.88 2.73

30 2.21 2.24 1.92 1.64 --- e1.34 2.57 2.85 3.04 2.88 2.88 2.69

31 2.32 --- 1.91 1.64 --- e1.36 --- 2.82 --- 2.89 2.83 ---

MEAN 2.48 2.36 2.02 1.80 1.45 1.16 2.00 2.71 3.01 2.97 2.91 2.83

MAX 2.68 2.55 2.24 1.91 1.63 1.36 2.57 2.85 3.18 3.10 3.04 2.93

MIN 2.16 2.24 1.91 1.64 1.25 1.04 1.38 2.49 2.83 2.86 2.81 2.69
145

WISCONSIN WATER SCIENCE CENTER PUBLICATIONS PERTAINING TO LAKES

The reports published in a U.S. Geological Survey series are for sale by the U.S. Geological Survey, Box 

25425, Federal Center, Denver, CO 80225. Prepayment is required. Remittance should be sent by check 

or money order payable to the U.S. Geological Survey. Prices can be obtained by writing to the above 

address or by calling (303) 236-7476. Reprints of journal articles may be obtained by writing directly to the 

author at U.S. Geological Survey, 8505 Research Way, Middleton, WI 53562.

2014

Brigham, M.E., Sandheinrich, M.B., Gay, D.A., Maki, R.P., Krabbenhoft, D.P., and Wiener, J.G., 2014, 

Lacustrine responses to decreasing wet mercury deposition rates–Results from a case study in 

northern Minnesota.: Environmental Science and Technology v. 48, no. 11, p. 6115-6123.

Read, J.S., Winslow, L.A., Hansen, G.J.A., Van Den Hoek, J., Hanson, P.C., Bruce, L.C., and Markfort, 

2014, Simulating 2368 temperate lakes reveals weak coherence in stratification phenology: Ecological 

Modeling, v. 291, p. 142–150.

Rose, K.C., Winslow, L.A., Read, J.S., Read, E.K., Solomon, C.T., Adrian, R., and Hanson, P.C., 2014, 

Improving the precision of lake ecosystem metabolism estimates by identifying predictors of model 

uncertainty: Limnology and Oceanography Methods, v. 12, p. 303–312.

Winslow, L.A., Read, J.S., Hanson, P.C., and Stanley, E.H., 2014, Lake shoreline in the contiguous United 

States: quantity, distribution, and sensitivity to observation resolution: Freshwater Biology, v. 59, p. 

213–223.

2013

Hunt, R.J., Walker, J.F., Selbig, W.R., Westenbroek, S.M., and Regan, R.S., 2013, Simulation of climatechange effects on streamflow, lake water budgets, and stream temperature using GSFLOW and 

SNTEMP, Trout Lake Watershed, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 

2013–5159, 118 p., http://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5159/. 

Juckem, P.J., and Robertson, D.M., 2013, Hydrology and water quality of Shell Lake, Washburn County, 

Wisconsin, with special emphasis on the effects of diversion and changes in water level on the water 

quality of a shallow terminal lake: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5181, 

77 p.

Meyer, M.W.; Walker, J.F.; Kenow, K.P.; Rasmussen, P.W.; Garrison, P.J.; Hanson, P.C.; Hunt, R.J., 2013. 

Potential effects of climate change on inland glacial lakes and implications for lake-dependent biota in 

Wisconsin: final report April 2013. Focus on Energy , x, 166 p.

Powers, S.M., Robertson, D.M., and Stanley, E.H., 2013, Effects of lakes and reservoirs on annual river 

nitrogen, phosphorus, and sediment export in agricultural and forested landscapes: Hydrological 

Processes, DOI: 10.1002/hyp.10083.

Watras, C.J., Morrow, M., Morrison, K., Scannell, S., Yaziciaglu, S., Read, J.S., Hu, Y.H., Hanson, 

P.C.,Kratz, T.K., 2013. Evaluation of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) for remote wetland monitoring: 

Design and initial results. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. doi:10.1007/s10661-013-3424-8 

2012
146

Juckem, P.F., Reneau, P.C., and Robertson, D.M., 2012, Estimation of natural historical flows for the

Manitowish River near Manitowish Waters, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Invest. Report 

2012–5135. 42 p.

Robertson, D.M., Garn, H.S., Rose, W.J., Juckem, P.J., and Reneau, P.C., 2012, Hydrology, water quality, 

and response to simulated changes in phosphorus loading of Mercer Lake, Iron County, Wisconsin, 

with emphasis on effects of wastewater discharges on water quality: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific 

Investigations Report 2012-5134, 58 p.

2011

Feinstein, D.T., Dunning, C.P., Juckem, P.F., and Hunt, R.J., 2010, Application of the Local Grid Refinement 

package to an inset model simulating the interactions of lakes, wells, and shallow groundwater, 

northwestern Waukesha County, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report

2010-5214, 30 p.

Robertson, D.M. and Rose, W.J., 2011, Response in the trophic state of stratified lakes to changes in 

hydrology and water level: potential effects of climate change: Journal of Water and Climate Change, 

vol. 2. No. 1, p. 1-18.

2010

Garn, H.S., Robertson, D.M., Rose, W.J., and Saad, D.A., 2010, Hydrology, water quality, and response to 

simulated changes in phosphorus loading of Minocqua and Kawaguesaga Lakes, Oneida County, 

Wisconsin, with special emphasis on effects of urbanization: U.S. Geol. Survey Scientific Invest. Report 

2010-5196.

2009

Robertson, D.M., Rose, W.J., and Fitzpatrick, F.A., 2009, Water quality and hydrology of Silver Lake, Barron 

County, Wisconsin, with special emphasis on the responses of a terminal lake to changes in 

phosphorus loading and water level: U.S. Geol. Survey Scientific Invest. Report 2009–5077, 38 p. 

Robertson, D.M., Rose, W.J., and Juckem, P.F., 2009, Water quality and hydrology of

 Whitefish Lake, Douglas County, Wisconsin, with special emphasis on the responses

 of an oligotrophic seepage lake to changes in phosphorus loading and water level: 

 U.S. Geol. Survey Scientific Invest. Report 2009–5089, 41 p.

2008

Chung, E., Schladow, S.G., Perez-Losada, J., and Robertson, D.M., 2008, A linked hydrodynamic and water 

quality model for the Salton Sea: Hydrobiologia, v. 604, p. 57–75.

Robertson, D.M., and Rose, W.J., 2008, Water quality, hydrology, and simulated response to changes in 

phosphorus loading of Butternut Lake, Price and Ashland Counties, Wisconsin, with special emphasis 

on the effects of internal phosphorus loading in a polymictic lake: U.S. Geol. Survey Scientific Invest. 

Report 2008–5053, 46 p. 

Robertson, D.M., and Schladow, S.G., 2008, Response in the water quality in the Salton Sea to changes in 

phosphorus loading: An empirical modeling approach: Hydrobiologia, v. 604, p. 5–19.

Robertson, D.M., Schladow, S.G., and Holdren, G.C., 2008, Long-term changes in the phosphorus loading 

to and trophic state of the Salton Sea: Hydrobiologia, v. 604, p. 21–36.
147

2007

Robertson, D.M., Garn, H.S., and Rose, W.J., 2007, Response of calcareous Nagawicka Lake, Wisconsin, 

to changes in phosphorus loading. Lake and Reservoir Management, Vol. 23, p. 298-312.

Walker, J.F., Saad, D.A., and Hunt, R.J., 2007, Dynamics of CFCs in northern temperate lakes and adjacent 

groundwater. Water Resources. Research 43(4) W04423, 

http://www.agu.org/pubs/crossref/2007/2005WR004647.shtml

2006

Garn, H.S., Robertson, D.M., Rose, W.J., Goddard, G.L., and Horwatich, J.A., 2006, Water quality, 

hydrology, and response to changes in phosphorus loading of Nagawicka Lake, a calcareous lake in 

Waukesha County, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report: 2006–5273.

Hunt, R.J., Greb, S.R,, Graczyk, D.J., 2006, Evaluating the effects of nearshore development on Wisconsin 

lakes. USGS Fact Sheet FS-2006-3033, 4 p.

Magnuson, J.J., Benson, B.J., Lenters, J.D, and Robertson, D.M., 2006, Climate driven variability and 

change, Chapter 7, In Magnuson, J.J., Kratz, T.K, and Benson, B.J eds. Long-term dynamics of lakes in 

the landscape, Oxford University Press, p 123–150.

Saad, D.A., 2005, Pesticides in surface water, bed sediment, and ground water adjacent to commercial 

cranberry bogs, Lac du Flambeau Reservation, Vilas County, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey 

Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5262, 29 p.

2005

Hunt, R.J., Feinstein, D.T., Pint, C.D., and Anderson, M.P., 2005, The importance of diverse data types to 

calibrate a watershed model of the Trout Lake Basin, northern Wisconsin: Journal of Hydrology 

doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.08.005.

Marzolf, G.R., and Robertson, D.M., 2005, Reservoir, In Encyclopedia of Hydrological Sciences: Anderson, 

M.G., and McDonnell, J.J., eds., v. 4, part 9, John Wiley & Sons, p. 1675-1680. 

Robertson, D.M., Rose, W.J., and Saad, D.A., 2005, Water quality, hydrology, and phosphorus loading to 

Little St. Germain Lake, Wisconsin, with special emphasis on the effects of winter aeration and groundwater inputs: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005–5071, 36 p.

2004

Dupre, D.H., and Robertson, D.M., 2004, Water quality of Nippersink Creek and Wonder Lake, McHenry 

County, Illinois, 1994–2001: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004–5085.

Rose, W.J., Robertson, D.M., and Mergener, E.A., 2004, Water quality, hydrology, and the effects of 

changes in phosphorus loading to Pike Lake, Washington County, Wisconsin, with special emphasis on 

inlet-to-outlet short-circuiting: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004–5141, 32 p.

2003

Dunning, C.P., Thomas, J.C., and Lin, Y.F., 2003, Simulation of the shallow aquifer in the vicinity of Silver 

Lake, Washington County, Wisconsin, using analytic elements: U.S. Geological Survey WaterResources Investigations Report 02–4204, 29 p.
148

Fitzpatrick, F.A., Garrison, P.J., Fitzgerald, S.A., and Elder, J.F., 2003, Nutrient, trace-element, and 

ecological history of Musky Bay, Lac Courte Oreilles, Wisconsin, as inferred from sediment cores: U.S. 

Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 02–4225, 141 p.

Fitzpatrick, F.A., and Peppler, M.C., 2003, Sedimentation and sediment chemistry, Neopit Mill Pond, 

Menominee Indian Reservation, Wisconsin, 2001: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 03–23, 58

p.

Garn, H.S., Elder, J.F., and Robertson, D.M., 2003, Why study lakes? An overview of U.S. Geological 

Survey lake studies in Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet FS–063–03, 8 p.

Graczyk, D.G., Hunt, R.J., Greb, S.R., Buchwald, C.A., and Krohelski, J.T., 2003, Hydrology, water quality, 

and yields, from near-shore flows to four lakes in northern Wisconsin, 1999–2001: U.S. Geological 

Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 03–4144. 64 p.

Hunt, R.J., 2003, Ground water-lake interaction modeling using the LAK3 Package for MODFLOW2000: 

Ground Water, vol. 41, no. 2, p. 114–118.

Hunt, R.J., Haitjema, H.M., Krohelski, J.T., and Feinstein, D.T., 2003, Simulating ground water-lake 

interactions: approaches and insights: Ground Water, vol. 41, no. 22, p. 227–237.

Hunt, R.J., Pint, C.D., and Anderson, M.P., 2003, Using diverse data types to calibrate a watershed model 

of the Trout Lake Basin, northern Wisconsin, In MODFLOW and More 2003—Understanding through 

modeling: Proceedings of the 5th International Conference of the International Ground Water Modeling 

Center. Golden, CO: Colorado School of Mines, p. 600–604.

Hunt, R.J., Saad, D.A., and Chapel, D.M., 2003, Numerical simulation of ground water flow in La Crosse 

County, Wisconsin and into nearby pools of the Mississippi River: U.S. Geological Survey WaterResources Investigations Report 03–4154. 36 p.

John, R., Pint, C.D., Anderson, M.P., and Hunt, R.J., 2003, The effects of potential climate change on lake 

levels and lake capture zones, In MODFLOW and More 2003—Understanding through 

modeling: Proceedings of the 5th International Conference of the International Ground Water Modeling 

Center. Golden, CO: Colorado School of Mines, p. 212–216.

Magnuson, J.J., Krohelski, J.T., Kunkel, K.E., and Robertson, D.M., 2003, Wisconsin's waters and climate—

historical changes and possible futures, In Wisconsin's waters: a confluence of perspectives: 

Transactions of the Wisconsin Academy, p. 23–36.

Pint, C.D., Hunt, R.J., and Anderson, M.P., 2003, Flow path delineation and ground water age, Allequash 

Basin, Wisconsin: Ground Water, vol. 41, no. 7, p. 895–902.

Robertson, D.M., Rose, W.J., and Garn, H.S., 2003, Water quality and the effects of changes in phosphorus 

loading, Red Cedar Lakes, Barron and Washburn Counties, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey WaterResources Investigations Report 03–4238, 42 p.

Robertson, D.M., Rose, W.J., and Saad, D.A., 2003, Water quality and the effects of changes in phosphorus 

loading to Muskellunge Lake, Vilas County, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources 

Investigations Report 03–4011, 18 p.

2002

Anderson, M.P., Hunt, R.J., Krohelski, J.T., and Chung, K., 2002, Using high hydraulic conductivity nodes to 

simulate seepage lakes: Ground Water 40(2), p. 119–124.
149

Garn, H. S., 2002, Effects of lawn fertilizer on nutrient concentration in runoff from lakeshore lawns, 

Lauderdale Lakes, Wisconsin: USGS Water-Resources Investigations Report 02–4130, 6 p.

Kelson, V.A., Hunt, R.J., and Haitjema, H.M., 2002, Improving a regional model using reduced complexity 

and parameter estimation: Ground Water, vol. 40, no. 2, p. 138–149.

Krohelski, J.T., Lin, Y., Rose, W.J., and Hunt, R.J., 2002, Simulation of Fish, Mud and Crystal Lakes and the 

shallow ground-water system, Dane County, Wisconsin: USGS Water-Resources Investigations Report 

02–20. 

Krohelski, J.T., Rose, W.J., and Hunt, R.J., 2002, Hydrologic investigation of Powell Marsh and its 

relationship to Dead Pike Lake Vilas County, Wisconsin: USGS Water-Resources Investigations Report 

02–4034.

Madenjian, C.P., Fahenstiel, G.L., Johengen, T.H., Nalepa, T.F., Venderploeg, H.A., Fleischer, G.W., 

Schneeberger, P.J., Benjamin, D.M., Smith, E.B., Bence, J.R., Rutherford, E.S., Lavis, D.S., 

Robertson, D.M., Jude, D.J., and Ebener, M.P., 2002, Dynamics of the Lake Michigan food web, 1970–

2000: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Vol. 59, p. 736–753.

Robertson, D.M., Goddard, G.L, Mergerer, E.A., Rose, W.J., and Garrison, P.J., 2002, Hydrology and water 

quality of Geneva Lake, Walworth County, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Water Resources 

Investigations Report 02–4039, 73 p.

Robertson, D.M., and Lenz, B.N., 2002, Response of the St. Croix River Pools, Wisconsin and Minnesota, 

to various phosphorus-loading scenarios: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations 

Report 02–4181, 36 p.

2001

Hunt, R.J., Bradbury, K.R., and Krohelski, J.T., 2001, The effects of large-scale pumping and diversion on 

the water resources in Dane County, Wisconsin: USGS Fact Sheet FS–127–01, 4 p. 

Hunt, R.J., Haitjema, H.M., Krohelski, J.T., and Feinstein, D.T., 2001, Simulating groundwater-lake 

interactions with models: MODFLOW and analytic element approaches, In MODFLOW 2001 and Other 

Modeling Odysseys: Proceedings of the 4th International Conference of the International Ground 

Water Modeling Center. Golden, CO: Colorado School of Mines, p. 328–334.

Lin, Y., Krohelski, J.T., and Hunt, R.J., 2001, Simulation of lake stage in two seepage lakes in southcentral 

Wisconsin using the LAK3 package for MODFLOW, In MODFLOW 2001 and Other Modeling 

Odysseys: Proceedings of the 4th International Conference of the International Ground Water Modeling 

Center. Golden, CO: Colorado School of Mines, p. 411–417.

2000

Elder, J.F., Robertson, D.M., and Garrison, P.J., 2000, Chemical composition of surficial deposits in Geneva 

Lake, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet FS–121–00.

Elder J.F., Rybicki, N.B., Carter, V.P., and Weintraub, V., 2000, Sources and yields of dissolved carbon in 

northern Wisconsin stream catchments with differing amounts of peatland: Wetlands, vol. 20, no. 1, 

p.113–125.

Hunt, R.J., Graczyk, D.J., and Rose, W.J., 2000, Water flows in the Necedah National Wildlife Refuge: U.S. 

Geological Survey Fact Sheet FS–068–00, 4 p.
150

Hunt, R.J., Lin, J., Krohelski, J.T., and Juckem, P.F., 2000, Simulation of the shallow hydrologic system in 

the vicinity of Middle Genesee Lake, Wisconsin, using analytic elements and parameter estimation: 

U.S. Geological Survey Water Resources Investigations Report 00–4136, 16 p.

Lathrop, R.C., Carpenter, S.R., and Robertson, D.M., 2000, Interacting factors causing exceptional water 

clarity in Lakes Mendota and Monona, Wisconsin: Proc. of the International Limnological Society, SIL, 

Dublin, Ireland, August, 1998.

Magnuson, J.J., Robertson, D.M. Wynne, R.H., Benson, B.J., Livigstone, D.M., Arai, T., Assel, R.A., Barry, 

R.G., Card, V., Kuusisto, E., Granin, N.G., Prowse, T.D., Stewart, K.M., and Vuglinski, V.S., 2000, 

Historical trends in lake and river ice cover in the northern hemisphere: Science, Vol. 289, No. 5485, p. 

1743–1746.

Magnuson, J.J., Wynne, R.H., Benson, B.J., and Robertson, D.M., 2000, Lake and river ice as a powerful 

indicator of past and present climates: Proc. of the International Limnological Society, SIL, Dublin, 

Ireland, August, 1998.

Robertson, D.M., 2000, One-dimensional simulation of stratification and dissolved oxygen in McCook 

Reservoir, Illinois: U.S. Geological Survey Water Resources Investigations Report 00–4258, 17 p.

Robertson, D.M., Goddard, G.L., Helsel, D.R., and MacKinnon, K.L., 2000, Rehabilitation of Delavan Lake, 

Wisconsin: Lake and Reservoir Management, vol. 20, vo. 3, p. 155–176.

Robertson, D.M., and Rose, W.J., 2000, Hydrology, water quality, and phosphorus loading of Little St. 

Germain Lake, Vilas County, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Water Resources Investigations 

Report 00–4209, 8 p.

Robertson, D.M., Wynne, R.H., and Chang, W.Y.B., 2000, Variability in ice cover across the northern 

hemisphere during the 1900's associated with El Nino events: Proceedings of the International 

Limnological Society, SIL, Dublin, Ireland, August, 1998.

Saad, D.A., and Robertson, D.M., 2000, Water-resources-related information for the St. Croix Reservation 

and vicinity, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Water Resources Investigations Report 00–4133, 65 p.

Johnson, G.P., Hornewer, N.J., Robertson, D.M., and Olson, D.T., 2000, Methodology, data collection, and 

data analysis for determination of water-mixing patterns induced by aerators and mixers: U.S. 

Geological Survey Water Resources Investigations Report 00–4101, 72 p.

Grannemann, N.G., Hunt, R.J., Nicholas, J.R. Reilly, T.E., and Winter, T.C., 2000, The importance of 

ground water to the Great Lakes Region: U.S. Geological Survey Water Resources Investigations 

Report 00–4008, 12 p.

1999

Lathrop, R.C., Carpenter, S.R., and Robertson, D.M., 1999, Summer water clarity responses to phosphorus, 

Daphnia grazing, and internal mixing in Lake Mendota: Limnology and Oceanography, vol. 44, no. 1, p. 

137–146.

Krohelski, J.T., Feinstein, D.T., and Lenz, B.N., 1999, Simulation of stage and hydrologic budget for Shell 

Lake, Washburn County, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 

99–4209, 23 p.

Panuska, J.C., and Robertson, D.M., 1999, Estimating phosphorus concentrations following alum treatment 

using apparent settling velocities: Lakes and Reservoir Management, vol. 15, no. 1, p. 28–38.
151

 1998

Hunt, R.J, Anderson, M.P., and Kelson, V.A., 1998, Improving a complex finite-difference ground water flow 

model through the use of an analytic element screening model: Ground Water, vol. 36, no. 6, p. 1011–

1017.

Hunt, R.J, Anderson, M.P., and Kelson, V.A., 1998, Linking an analytic element flow code to MODFLOW— 

Implementation and benefits, In MODFLOW’98: Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference of the 

International Ground Water Center. Golden, CO: Colorado School of Mines, p 477–504.

Krabbenhoft, D.P., Gilmour, C.C., Benoit, J.M., Babiarz, C.L., Andren, A.W., and Hurley, J.P., 1998, Methyl 

mercury dynamics in littoral sediments of a temperate lake: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic 

Sciences, vol. 55, p. 835–844.

Robertson, D.M., Elder, J.F., Goddard, G.L., and James, W.F., 1998, Dynamics in phosphorus retention in 

wetlands upstream of Delavan Lake, Wisconsin: Lakes and Reservoir Management, vol. 14, no. 4, p. 

466–477.

Rose, W.J., and Robertson, D.M., 1998, Hydrology, water quality, and phosphorus loading of Kirby Lake, 

Barron County, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet FS–066–98, 4 p.

Walker, J.F. and Krabbenhoft, D.P., 1998, Groundwater and surface-water interactions in riparian and lakedominated systems, In Kendall, C. and McDonnell, J.J. eds., Isotope tracers in catchment hydrology, 

Elsevier Publishing, New York, 839 p.

1997

Elder, J.F., Manion, B.J., and Goddard, G.L., 1997, Mesocosm experiments to assess factors affecting 

phosphorus retention and release in an extended Wisconsin wetland: U.S. Geological Survey WaterResources Investigations Report 97–4272, 14 p.

Goddard, G.L., and Elder, J.F., 1997, Retention of sediments and nutrients in Jackson Creek Wetland near 

Delavan Lake, Wisconsin, 1993–95: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 

97–4014, 22 p.

Hornewer, N.J., Johnson, G.P., Robertson, D.M. and Hondzo, M., 1997, Field-scale tests for determining 

mixing patterns associated with coarse-bubble air diffuser configurations, Egan Quarry, Illinois, In

Environmental and Coastal Hydraulics: Protecting the Aquatic Habitat, Proceedings of the International 

Association of Hydraulic Research, San Francisco, CA, USA, p. 57–63.

Robertson, D.M., 1997, Regionalized loads of sediment and phosphorus to Lakes Michigan and Superior—

High flow and long-term average: Journal of Great Lakes Research, vol. 23, p. 416–439.

1996

Anderson, W.L., Robertson, D.M., and Magnuson, J.J., 1996, Evidence of recent warming and El Ninorelated variation in ice breakup of Wisconsin lakes: Limnology and Oceanography, vol. 41, p. 815–821.

Elder, J.F. and Goddard, G.L., 1996, Sediment and nutrient trapping efficiency of a constructed wetland 

near Delavan Lake, Wisconsin, 1993–1995: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet FS–232–96.
152

Garn, H.S., Olson, D.L., Seidel, T.L., and Rose, W.J., 1996, Hydrology and water quality of Lauderdale 

Lakes, Walworth County, Wisconsin, 1993–94: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations 

Report 96–4235, 29 p.

Hunt, R.J. and Krohelski, J.T., 1996, The application of an analytical element model to investigate 

groundwater-lake interactions at Pretty Lake, Wisconsin: Lake and Reservoir Management, vol. 12, p. 

487–495.

Imberger, J., Robertson, D.M., and Boland, K., 1996, Lake Number—A quantitative indicator of mixing to be 

used in water quality management: Scientific Impeller, Solna, Sweden, no. 4, p. 9–15.

Kammerer, P.A., Jr., 1996, Hydrology and water quality of Park Lake, South-central Wisconsin: U.S. 

Geological Survey Fact Sheet FS–197–96.

Robertson, D.M., Field, S.J, Elder, J.F., Goddard, G.L., and James, W.F., 1996, Phosphorus dynamics of 

Delavan Lake Inlet in southeastern Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations 

Report 96–4160, 18 p.

1995

Assel, R.A. and Robertson, D.M. 1995, Changes in winter air temperatures near Lake Michigan during 

1851–1993, as determined from regional lake-ice records: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 40, p 165–

176.

Assel, R.A., Robertson, D.M., Hoff, M.H., and Selgeby, J.H., 1995, Climatic-change implications from longterm (1823–1994) ice records near the Laurentian Great Lakes: Annals of Glaciology, vol. 21, p. 383–

386.

Krabbenhoft, D.P., and Webster, K.E., 1995, Transient hydrogeological controls on the chemistry of a 

seepage lake: Water Resources Research, vol. 31, no. 9, p. 2295–2305.

Krohelski, J.T. and Batten, W.G., 1995, Simulation of stage and the hydrologic budget of Devils Lake, Sauk 

County, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94–348, 22 p.

Wentz, D.A., Rose, W.J., and Webster, K.E., 1995, Long-term hydrologic and biogeochemical responses of 

a soft water seepage lake in north central Wisconsin: Water Resources Research, vol. 31, no. 1, p. 

199–212.

1994

Elder, J.F., 1994, Distribution and grain-size partitioning of metals in bottom sediments of an experimentally 

acidified lake: Water Resources Bulletin, vol. 30, no. 2, p. 251–259.

Goddard, G.L., and Field, S.J., 1994, Hydrology and water quality of Whitewater and Rice Lakes in 

southeastern Wisconsin, 1990–91: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94–

4101, 36 p.

Greb, S.R., and Wentz, D.A., 1994, Chemical budgets, In Klepinger, K.E., ed., RILWAS 1983–86: Wisconsin 

Regional Integrated Lake Watershed Acidification Study, Volume 1: Madison, Wisconsin Department of 

Natural Resources, PUBL–RS–909–94, Chapter 7, 20 p.
153

Hurley, J.P., Krabbenhoft, D.P., Babiarz, C.L., and Andren, A.W., 1994, Cycling processes of mercury 

across sediment/water interfaces in seepage lakes, In Baker, L.A. ed., Environmental Chemistry of 

Lakes and Reservoirs: Advances in Chemistry Series, American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C., 

p. 426–449.

Krabbenhoft, D.P., Bowser, C.J., Kendall, C., and Gat, J.R., 1994, Use of oxygen-19 and deuterium to 

assess the hydrology of ground-water/lake systems, In Baker, L.A. ed., Environmental Chemistry of 

Lakes and Reservoirs: Advances in Chemistry Series, American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C., 

p. 67–90.

Robertson, D.M., Anderson, W., and Magnuson, J.J., 1994, Relations between El Nino/Southern Oscillation 

events and the climate and ice cover of lakes in Wisconsin, In Greenland, D. ed., El Nino and LongTerm Ecological Research (LTER) Sites: Publication No. 18. LTER Network Office: University of 

Washington, Seattle, WA, USA., p. 48–57.

Robertson, D.M. and Imberger, J. 1994, Lake Number, a quantitative indicator of mixing used to estimate 

changes in dissolved oxygen, Internationale Revue der gesamten Hydrobiologie, v. 79, p. 159–176.

Watras, C.J., Bloom, N.S., Hurley, J.P., Fitzgerald, W.F., Andren, A.W., Krabbenhoft, D.P., and Porcella, 

D.B., 1994, Sources and fates of mercury and methylmercury in Wisconsin lakes, In Watras and 

Huckabee eds., Mercury as a Global Pollutant: Intergration and Synthesis, Lewis Pub., Chelsea, MI., p 

153–177.

Wentz, D.A., 1994, Chemistry of snowpack and ground water, In Klepinger, K.E., ed., RILWAS 1983–86: 

Wisconsin regional integrated lake watershed acidification study, volume 1: Madison, Wisconsin 

Department of Natural Resources, PUBL–RS–909–94, chapter 6, 45 p.

Wentz, D.A., Krohelski, J.T., and Rose, W.J., 1994, Hydrology, In Klepinger, K.E., ed., RILWAS 1983–86: 

Wisconsin regional integrated lake watershed acidification study, volume 1: Madison, Wisconsin 

Department of Natural Resources, PUBL–RS–909–94, chapter 7, 74 p.

1993

Field, S.J., 1993, Hydrology and water quality of Powers Lake, southeastern Wisconsin: U.S. Geological 

Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 90–4126, 36 p.

Field, S.J., 1993, Hydrology and water quality of Wind Lake in southeastern Wisconsin: U.S. Geological 

Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91–4107, 61 p.

House, L.B., 1993, Simulation of the effects of hypothetical residential development on water levels in 

Graber Pond, Middleton, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 

92–4029, 10 p.

House, L.B., Waschbusch, R.J., and Hughes, P.E., 1993, Water quality of an urban wet detention pond in 

Madison, Wisconsin, 1987–88: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93–172, 57 p.

Hughes, P.E., 1993, Hydrology, water quality, trophic status, and aquatic plants of Fowler Lake, Wisconsin: 

U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91–4076, 44 p.

Rose, W.J., 1993, Hydrology of Little Rock Lake in Vilas County, north-central Wisconsin: U.S. Geological 

Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93–4139, 22 p.

Rose, W.J., 1993, Water and phosphorus budgets and trophic state, Balsam Lake, northwestern Wisconsin, 

1987–1989: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91–4125, 28 p.
154

1992

Elder, J.F., Krabbenhoft, D.P, and Walker, J.F., 1992, Water, energy, and biogeochemical budgets (WEBB) 

program: Data availability and research at the northern temperate lakes site, Wisconsin: U.S. 

Geological Survey Open-File Report 92–48, 15 p.

Krabbenhoft, D.P., and Babiarz, C.L., 1992, Role of groundwater transport in aquatic mercury cycling: Water 

Resources Research, vol. 28, no. 12, p. 3119–3128.

Krabbenhoft, D.P., and Krohelski, J.T., 1992, Data on water quality, lake sediment, and lake-level 

fluctuation, St. Croix Indian Reservation, Wisconsin, 1981–87: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File 

Report 92–26, 53 p.

Robertson, D.M., Ragotzkie, R.A., and Magnuson, J.J. 1992, Lake ice records used to detect historical and 

future climatic changes: Climatic Change, v. 21, p. 407–427.

1991

Wentz, D.A., and Rose, W.J., 1991, Hydrology of Lakes Clara and Vandercook in north-central Wisconsin: 

U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 89–4204, 24 p.

Watras, C.J., Andre, A.W., Bloom, N.S., Fitzgerald, W.F., Hurley, J.P., Krabbenhoft, D.P., Rada, R.G., 

Wiener, J.G., 1991, Mercury in temperate lakes: a mechanistic field study: Verhandlungen Internat. 

Verein. Limnologie, 24, p. 2199–2202.

Pre-1990

Walker, J.F., Pickard, S.A., and Sonzogni, W.C., 1989 Spreadsheet watershed modeling for nonpointsource pollution management in a Wisconsin basin: Water Resources Bulletin, vol. 25, no. 1, p. 139–

147.

Wentz, D.A., Garrison, P.J., and Bockheim, J.G., 1989, Section 7—Chemical input-output budgets, In

Knauer, D., and Brouwer, S.A., eds., The Wisconsin regional integrated lake watershed acidification 

study (RILWAS)—1981–1983: Palo Alto, California, Electric Power Research Institute Report EA–6214, 

p. 7–1 to 7–30.

Wentz, D.A., and Rose, W.J., 1989, Interrelationships among hydrologic-budget components of a northern 

Wisconsin seepage lake and implications for acid-deposition modeling: Archives of Environmental 

Contamination and Toxicology, vol. 18, p. 147–155.

Wentz, D.A., Rose, W.J., and Krohelski, J.T., 1989, Section 5—Hydrologic component, in Knauer, D., and 

Brouwer, S.A., eds., The Wisconsin regional integrated lake watershed acidification study (RILWAS)—

1981–1983: Palo Alto, California, Electric Power Research Institute Report EA–6214, p. 5–1 to 5–77.

Field, S.J., and Duerk, M.D., 1988, Hydrology and water quality of Delavan Lake in southeastern Wisconsin: 

U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87–4168, 61 p.

Krug, W.R., Ostenso, N.A., and Krohelski, J.T., 1988, Prediction of the effects of mine dewatering on four 

lakes near Crandon, Wisconsin, by use of a water-budget model: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File 

Report 87–471, 63 p.
155

Wentz, D.A., Krohelski, J.T., Rose, W.J., Bockheim, J.G., Garrison, P.J., Knauer, D.R., and Goldstein, R.A., 

1987, Hydrologic and chemical budgets of Wisconsin lakes, In Perry, R., Harrison, R.M., Bel, J.N.B., 

and Lester, J.N., eds., Acid Rain: Scientific and Technical Advances, Selper Ltd., London, p. 309–316.

House, L.B., 1986, Stage fluctuations of Wisconsin Lakes: Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey 

Information Circular No. 49, 84 p.

House, L.B., 1984, Effects of urbanization on three ponds in Middleton, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey 

Water-Resources Investigations Report 84–4051, 17 p.

Krug, W.R., and House, L.B., 1984, Evaluation of alternative reservoir-management practices in the Rock 

River basin, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 83–4186, 21 p.

House, L.B., 1981, An assessment of streamflow, water quality, and the effects of construction on 

impoundment on Bridge Creek at Augusta, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources 

Investigations Open-File Report 81–1192, 25 p.

Krug, W.R., 1981, Hydrologic effects of proposed changes in management practices, Winnebago Pool, 

Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations 80–107, 19 p.

Batten, W.G., and Hindall, S.M., 1980, Sediment deposition in the White River Reservoir, northwestern 

Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 2069, 30 p.

Novitzki, R.P., and Holmstrom, B.K., 1979, Monthly and annual water budgets of Lake Wingra, Madison, 

Wisconsin, 1971–77: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations 79–100, 31 p.

Rose, W.J., 1977, Hydrologic considerations associated with dredging spring ponds in Wisconsin: U.S. 

Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations 77–18, 35 p.

Oakes, E.L., Hendrickson, G.E., and Zuehls, E.E., 1975, Hydrology of the Lake Wingra basin, Dane County, 

Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations 17–75, 31 p.

Novitzki, R.P., 1971, Hydrologic investigations of Heart Lake, Green Lake County, Wisconsin: U.S. 

Geological Survey Administrative Report, 9 p.
156

APPENDIX

Wisconsin Lakes Team

Quality-Assurance Plan

Most lake studies and monitoring programs that are conducted by the USGS Wisconsin

Water Science Center entail water sampling and analysis to determine water quality and

biological productivity. Because all sampling and analysis is subject to error and random 

variablility, a certain proportion of the sampling effort should include quality-assurance

samples. Sampling by the USGS was done by the Lake Studies Team of the USGS Wisconsin Water 

Science Center. This team implements a quality-assurance plan each year that involves collecting three 

types of samples from a subset of the lakes studied each year, which include blanks, replicates, and spikes 

(U.S. Geological Survey, Wisconsin Water Science Center Lake Studies Team). These samples are 

collected and/or prepared solely for the purpose of assessing the magnitude of error and random variability 

so that the accuracy and precision of all data can be evaluated. The plan for this quality-assurance sampling 

is described below.

Three types of QA/QC samples are collected:

blanks

Provide information about accuracy and errors due to treatment or reagents

replicates

provide information about precision (variability)

standard additions (spikes)

provide information about accuracy and matrix interferences

Blank Sampling

B1. A preservation blank consists of deionized water or inorganic blank water, to which is added any 

reagents or preservatives that are normally added to natural water samples. The blank is not taken to the 

field, but is shipped to the laboratory for analysis along with the natural water samples.

This blank sample is analyzed for the Nutrient Group1 and chlorophyll-a.

B2. A field blank consists of deionized water or inorganic blank water treated exactly the same as regular 

samples. During winter, the field blank is analyzed for total phosphorus (TP) only; during summer, it is 

analyzed for TP and chlorophyll-a, and in the spring it is analyzed for the Nutrient Group and chlorophyll-a.

-------------------------------------------------------------

1Nutrient Group = all phosphorus and nitrogen species that are commonly determined in

lakes (total phosphorus, nitrate + nitrite, ammonia, total Kjeldahl nitrogen, total nitrogen)
157

Replicate Sampling

Triplicate samples are taken near water surface in summer for analysis of total phosphorus and 

chlorophyll-a. For a portion of the sites where surface triplicates are collected, a set of triplicate 

samples is also taken from near-bottom water, for analysis of total phosphorus.

Triplicate samples collected in the spring are taken near the water surface for analysis of the 

Nutrient Group.

Standard Addition Testing

Replicate samples are collected for a standard addition (spike) test, which consists of an 

addition of a prepared phosphorus solution (standard) of known volume and concentration, such 

that the expected result of analysis is the natural water TP concentration plus the known addition. 

One sample from each set will receive no spike (the mean of these gives the natural water TP 

concentration). 

Data and results of replicate sampling and field blank testing for the past five years are shown in 

Table A1.
158

Table A1. Analyses of replicate samples from Wisconsin lakes in water years 2009-2014. See text for procedures used. Phosphorus

data in milligrams per liter; chlorophyll data in micrograms per liter. Symbol "<" indicates less than given detection limit (DL); mean and

standard deviation not calculated for datasets containing values less than DL. 

Parameter Lake Date Mean

Standard 

Deviation

Percent 

Standard 

Deviation

Beulah 2/23/09 0.013 0.013 0.013 0.000 0.0

Beulah 8/24/09 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.000 0.0

Delavan 9/15/09 0.035 0.031 0.031 0.032 0.002 7.1

Beulah 8/19/10 0.015 0.016 0.016 0.001 4.6

Big Cedar, South 8/24/10 0.015 0.014 0.015 0.001 4.9

Powers 8/30/10 0.021 0.022 0.022 0.001 3.3

Beulah 8/10/11 0.140 0.170 0.155 0.021 13.7

Oconomowoc 7/25/11 0.013 0.010 0.012 0.012 0.002 13.1

Powers 7/25/11 0.017 0.018 0.020 0.018 0.002 8.3

Wind 7/25/11 0.018 0.019 0.021 0.019 0.002 7.9

Anvil 7/17/12 0.024 0.035 0.028 0.029 0.006 19.2

Beulah 8/29/12 0.014 0.015 0.016 0.015 0.001 6.7

Big Cedar, South 8/24/12 0.011 0.011 0.011 0.011 0.000 0.0

Little Cedar, S. 8/24/12 0.012 0.013 0.013 0.001 5.7

Powers 8/30/12 0.015 0.015 0.016 0.015 0.001 3.8

Anvil 10/16/12 0.180 0.180 0.180 0.000 0.0

Beulah 8/14/13 0.170 0.170 0.170 0.170 0.000 0.0

Big Cedar, South 8/24/10 0.081 0.067 0.074 0.010 13.4

Powers 8/30/10 0.036 0.038 0.037 0.001 3.8

Anvil 7/17/12 0.028 0.025 0.031 0.028 0.003 10.7

Big Cedar, South 8/24/12 0.025 0.025 0.028 0.026 0.002 6.7

Little Cedar, S. 8/24/12 0.168 0.170 0.169 0.001 0.8

Beulah 2/23/09 <0.002 <0.002 NA NA NA

Beulah 8/24/09 <0.002 <0.002 NA NA NA

Beulah 8/19/10 <0.002 <0.002 NA NA NA

Beulah 8/10/11 <0.002 <0.002 NA NA NA

Anvil 7/17/12 0.007 <0.002 0.003 NA NA NA

Beulah 8/29/12 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 NA NA NA

Beulah 8/14/13 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 NA NA NA

Beulah 2/23/09 0.211 0.204 0.208 0.005 2.4

Beulah 8/24/09 0.032 0.035 0.034 0.002 6.3

Beulah 8/19/10 <0.015 0.030 NA NA NA

Beulah 8/10/11 0.032 0.029 0.031 0.002 7.0

Anvil 7/17/12 <0.015 0.019 0.018 NA NA NA

Beulah 8/29/12 <0.015 <0.015 <0.015 NA NA NA

Beulah 8/14/13 <0.015 <0.015 <0.015 NA NA NA

Beulah 2/23/09 0.660 0.690 0.675 0.021 3.1

Beulah 8/24/09 0.160 0.530 0.345 0.262 75.8

Beulah 8/19/10 0.580 0.680 0.63 0.071 11.2

Beulah 8/10/11 0.560 0.460 0.510 0.071 13.9

Anvil 7/17/12 0.280 0.390 0.410 0.360 0.070 19.4

Beulah 8/29/12 0.800 0.500 0.460 0.587 0.186 31.7

Beulah 8/14/13 0.420 0.640 0.530 0.156 29.4

Replicate Data

 Total Phosphorus

Total Phosphorus, near 

bottom

 Dissolved Phosphorus

Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen

Dissolved Ammonia
159

Table A1. -- continued

Parameter Lake Date Mean

Standard 

Deviation

Percent 

Standard 

Deviation

Beulah 2/23/09 0.673 0.721 0.697 0.034 4.9

Beulah 8/24/09 0.074 0.073 0.074 0.001 1.0

Beulah 8/19/10 0.022 0.022 0.022 0.000 0.0

Beulah 8/10/11 0.067 0.066 0.067 0.001 1.1

Anvil 7/17/12 <0.019 <0.019 <0.019 NA NA NA

Beulah 8/29/12 <0.019 <0.019 <0.019 NA NA NA

Beulah 8/14/13 <0.019 <0.019 <0.019 NA NA NA

Beulah 2/23/09 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.00 0.0

Beulah 8/24/09 2.66 2.90 2.78 0.17 6.1

Delavan 9/15/09 10.80 10.10 9.8 10.23 0.51 5.0

Beulah 8/19/10 5.35 5.56 5.46 0.15 2.72

Big Cedar, South 8/24/10 3.93 3.9 3.92 0.02 0.54

Beulah 8/10/11 4.45 5.24 4.85 0.56 11.53

Anvil 7/17/12 5.10 3.95 3.74 4.26 0.73 17.17

Beulah 8/29/12 5.36 4.68 6.11 5.38 0.72 13.29

Big Cedar, South 8/24/12 3.72 3.55 3.53 3.60 0.10 2.90

Beulah 8/14/13 5.68 5.56 4.81 5.35 0.47 8.81

Beulah 2/23/09 <1.0 <1.0 NA NA NA

Beulah 8/24/09 <1.0 <1.0 NA NA NA

Beulah 8/19/10 <1.0 <1.0 NA NA NA

Beulah 8/10/11 <1.0 <1.0 NA NA NA

Beulah 8/29/12 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 NA NA NA

Beulah 8/14/13 3.2 4.3 2.5 3.3 0.907 27.2

Beulah 3/4/08 62.8 62.5 62.65 0.212 0.3

Beulah 8/26/08 47.9 47.6 47.75 0.212 0.4

Beulah 2/23/09 63 63.8 63.4 0.566 0.9

Beulah 8/24/09 41.7 41.9 41.8 0.141 0.3

Beulah 8/19/10 47 47.3 47.15 0.212 0.4

Beulah 8/10/11 37.4 38 37.7 0.424 1.1

Beulah 8/29/12 35.9 36.5 36.6 36.3 0.379 1.0

Beulah 3/4/08 35.6 35.5 35.55 0.071 0.2

Beulah 8/26/08 32.8 32.5 32.65 0.212 0.6

Beulah 2/23/09 34.7 35.1 34.9 0.283 0.8

Beulah 8/24/09 31.2 31.3 31.25 0.071 0.2

Beulah 8/19/10 34.1 33.8 33.95 0.212 0.6

Beulah 8/10/11 36.7 37.1 36.90 0.283 0.8

Beulah 8/29/12 37.4 38.1 38.1 37.87 0.404 1.1

Beulah 3/4/08 1.8 1.9 1.85 0.071 3.8

Beulah 8/26/08 1.4 1.4 1.4 0.000 0.0

Beulah 2/23/09 1.7 1.7 1.7 0.000 0.0

Beulah 8/24/09 1.4 1.4 1.4 0.000 0.0

Beulah 8/19/10 1.4 1.5 1.45 0.071 4.9

Beulah 8/10/11 1.5 1.6 1.55 0.071 4.6

Beulah 8/29/11 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.77 0.058 3.3

Beulah 3/4/08 9.9 10 9.95 0.071 0.7

Beulah 8/26/08 9 8.9 8.95 0.071 0.8

Beulah 2/23/09 9.7 9.8 9.75 0.071 0.7

Beulah 8/24/09 8.6 8.7 8.65 0.071 0.8

Beulah 8/19/10 10.4 11.4 10.9 0.707 6.5

Beulah 8/10/11 10.4 10.7 10.55 0.212 2.0

Beulah 8/29/12 11.4 11.5 12.1 11.67 0.379 3.2

Replicate Data

Diss. Potassium

Diss. Magnesium

Dissolved Sodium

Dissolved Calcium

Turbidity, NTU

Chlorophyll-a 

(micrograms per liter)

Dissolved Nitrate plus 

Nitrite
160

Table A1. -- continued

Parameter Lake Date Mean

Standard 

Deviation

Percent 

Standard 

Deviation

Beulah 2/23/09 258 256 257 1.414 0.6

Beulah 8/24/09 209 209 209 0.000 0.0

Beulah 8/19/10 208 207 207.5 0.707 0.3

Beulah 8/10/11 194 194 194 0.000 0.0

Beulah 8/29/12 206 205 205 205.3 0.577 0.3

Beulah 8/14/13 221 222 221 221.3 0.577 0.3

Beulah 3/4/08 23.5 23.7 23.6 0.141 0.6

Beulah 8/26/08 21 20.9 20.95 0.071 0.3

Beulah 2/23/09 23 22.9 22.95 0.071 0.3

Beulah 8/24/09 21.6 21.4 21.5 0.141 0.7

Beulah 8/19/10 21.6 21.5 21.55 0.071 0.3

Beulah 8/10/11 24.7 24.5 24.6 0.141 0.6

Beulah 8/29/12 26.9 27.1 27.1 27.03 0.115 0.4

Beulah 2/23/09 14.8 15 14.9 0.141 0.9

Beulah 8/24/09 11.3 11.3 11.3 0.000 0.0

Beulah 8/19/10 18.1 18.1 18.1 0.000 0.0

Beulah 8/10/11 12.7 12.7 12.7 0.00 0.0

Beulah 8/29/12 14.6 14.5 14.5 14.5 0.06 0.4

Beulah 8/14/13 8.92 9.1 8.87 9.0 0.12 1.3

Beulah 2/23/09 30.5 30.8 30.65 0.212 0.7

Beulah 8/24/09 27.7 27.8 27.75 0.071 0.3

Beulah 8/19/10 25.9 25.8 25.85 0.071 0.3

Beulah 8/10/11 29.3 29.2 29.25 0.071 0.2

Beulah 8/29/12 32.5 32.8 32.5 32.6 0.173 0.5

Beulah 8/14/13 25 25.3 25.3 25.2 0.173 0.7

Beulah 3/4/08 <100 <100 NA NA NA

Beulah 8/26/08 <100 <100 NA NA NA

Beulah 2/23/09 <100 <100 NA NA NA

Beulah 8/24/09 <100 <100 NA NA NA

Beulah 8/19/10 <100 <100 NA NA NA

Beulah 8/10/11 <100 <100 NA NA NA

Beulah 8/29/12 <100 <100 <100 NA NA NA

Beulah 8/26/08 <0.5 <0.5 NA NA NA

Beulah 2/23/09 <1.0 <1.0 NA NA NA

Beulah 8/24/09 <1.0 <1.0 NA NA NA

Beulah 8/10/11 <1.0 <1.0 NA NA NA

Beulah 8/29/12 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 NA NA NA

Beulah 2/23/09 350 346 348 2.83 0.8

Beulah 8/24/09 312 312 312 0.00 0.0

Beulah 8/19/10 284 286 285 1.41 0.5

Beulah 8/10/11 270 272 271 1.41 0.5

Beulah 8/29/12 282 276 278 279 3.06 1.1

Beulah 8/14/13 312 298 318 309 10.3 3.3

Diss. Manganese

Diss. Chloride

Replicate Data

Dissolved Iron

ANC as CaCO3

Dissolved Silica

Dissolved Solids

Dissolved Sulfate
161

Table A2. Data from tests of blanks, 2009-2014. All data in milligrams per liter, unless otherwise indicated.

< = less than given detection limit; E = estimated value.

Delavan Lake. Analyses at USGS National Water Quality Laboratory, Lakewood, CO. 

Parameter 9/14/09

Total Phosphorus <0.008

Dissolved orthophosphate <0.008

Chlorophyll a ---

Lake Beulah at Deep Hole near East Troy, WI. Analysis at Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, Madison, WI

Parameter 2/22/09 8/20/09 8/19/10 8/10/11

Total Phosphorus <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005

Dissolved orthophosphate <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002

Total Kjeldahl <0.14 <0.14 <0.14 <0.14

Dissolved Ammonia <0.015 <0.015 0.015 <0.015

Dissolved Nitrate plus Nitrite <0.019 <0.019 <0.019 <0.019

Chlorophyll a (μg/L) <0.260 <0.260 <0.260 <0.260

Dissolved Calcium <0.10 <0.10 <0.10 <0.10

Dissolved Magnesium <0.10 <0.10 <0.10 <0.10

Dissolved Potassium <0.10 <0.10 <0.10 <0.10

Dissolved Sodium <0.10 <0.10 <0.10 <0.10

ANC as CaCO3 <2 <2 <2 3

Dissolved Chloride <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

Dissolved Silica <0.022 <0.022 <0.022 <0.022

Dissolved Sulfate <4.5 <4.5 <4.5 <4.5

Dissolved Iron <100 <100 <100 <100

Dissolved Manganese <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

Dissolved Solids <50 <50 <50 <50

Turbidity, NTU --- <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

Mercer Lake at Main Deep Hole at Mercer, WI, WI. Analysis at Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, Madison, WI

Parameter 8/27/10

Total Phosphorus < 0.005

Wind Lake at Wind Lake, WI. Analyses at Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, Madison, WI

Parameter 8/30/10

Total Phosphorus < 0.005

Chlorophyll a (ug/L) ---

Silver Lake near West Bend, WI. Analyses at Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, Madison, WI

Parameter 8/31/09

Total Phosphorus < 0.005

Chlorophyll a (ug/L) <0.260

Manteufel and Robertson—Water-Quality and Lake-Stage Data for Wisconsin Lakes, Water Year 2014—Open-File Report 2016–1131

ISSN 2328-0328 (online)

https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161131