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Commerce 

BUREAU OF THE CENSUS 

II 

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Data Usel' ~lFV1'''''1i! 

-.M."UU •• C. AWlJIll.'t'JIll., 
200 Yea 

n u Taking: 

Population and 

Housing Questions, 

1790-1990 

November 1989 

U.S. Department of Commerce 

Robert A. Mosbacher, Secretary 

Michael R. Darby, Under Secretary 

for Economic Affairs 

BUREAU OF THE CENSUS 

C.L. Kincannon, Deputy Director 
PREFACE 

The 1990 Census of Population and Housing. which is the 21st decennial enumeration 

of the United States, also marks the bicentennial of Federal census taking in this country. 

The inquiries stretching over the years since 1790 reflect the Nation's changing interests 

and data needs. as well as its people, government, and economy. Emphasis has moved 

from basic head counts to concern about data on housing, employment, income, transportation, ethnicity, education, and migration that can be used for planning and funding at all 

levels of society, from the neighborhood to the country as a whole. 

In 1973, the Census Bureau published Working Paper 39, Population and Housing 

Inquiries in U.S. Decennial Censuses, 1790-1970. That report graphically summarized the 

variety of information collected and published in tabular form, and reproduced the actual 

questions so that users of the statistics might see the original phraseology and format. 

Working Paper 39 was followed in 1979 by Twenty Censuses: Population 8.l1d Housing 

Questions. 1790-1980. That report was aimed not only at the data user but also the social 

researcher. historian. genealogist, or interested member of the public who wanted to know 

not only how the population and housing inquiries evolved over the years, but also what 

instructions led to the entries on the basic records they were using. Therefore. Twenty 

Censuses considered only records that still exist in whole or in part: 

1. Microfilmed schedules open to the public after 72 years (in 1979, only those 

through 1900; the National Archives subsequently released the 1910 records in 

1982. and the 1920 records will follow in 1992), and 

2. Selected records for subsequent years, available only from the Census Bureau to 

the named individuals, their heirs, or authorized representatives under the 

confidentiality provisions of Title 13, U.S. Code. These records have certain 

limitations: Information collected on housing in the 1940 and subsequent 

censuses, and the sample population data (see "Sampling" on p. 5) obtained in the 

1960 and later censuses were not preserved. Although most of the questions and 

their attendant instructions were reproduced in Twenty Censuses, only the 

population data collected for every person were retained on microfilm. These 

so-called "lOG-percent" or "complete-count" items are identified in the text. 

This latest report follows in that tradition. 

The schedules or questionnaires used for households in the contiguous States and 

territories frequently were abridged or translated for use in outlying areas or among 

special groups within the population, such as transients, the Armed Forces, crews of 

vessels. etc. These forms generally are not considered in this work, either; the interested 

reader should refer to the respective census reports or histories for exact wording. (A 

number of supplementary schedules and questionnaires used to obtain information in the 

past were destroyed after the data were published; for facsimiles or wording of these, the 

reader is directed to Working Paper 39 or to the specific reports, all to be found in most 

Federal depository libraries.) The surveys of residential finance or housing inventory 

changes, taken in connection with the 1950 and subsequent censuses, likewise, are not 

covered here; the complete questionnaires are reproduced in separate publications (see 

bibliography, p. 107) and/or the resultant published reports. 

There were no specific instructions issued to census takers until 1820; these. and the 

ones for later censuses, are reproduced as found in the basic history for the period from 

1790 to 1890 (see bibliography, p. 107) or in the enumerators' manuals for later years. The 

1910 instructions and concepts formed the bases for the decennial censuses that followed; 

hence, only significant changes are treated for the subsequent years. 

Inasmuch as separate histories are available for the individual censuses from 1940 on 

(see bibliography. p. 107) that discuss the various inquiries at length, and most include 

facsimiles of the documents, the questionnaires and/or instructions for those years are not 

reproduced in the same detail as for earlier enumerations. 

ii 
CONTENTS 

Preface....................................................................................................................... ii 

Historical Background. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 

The 1790 Census. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 

Into the 19th Century................................................................................................... 1 

Census Expansion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 

Moving into the 20th Century. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 

Sampling ............................................................................................................ 5 

New inquiries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 

New Directions.......................................................................................................... 6 

Processing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 

Collecting the data ............................................................................................. . . . . . 6 

Publishing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 

Availability of Population Schedules. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 

Lilnitations ...................................................................................................... '.' . . . . . . 7 

Confidentiality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 

Microfilm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 

Finding Guides. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 

The 1840 Census......................................................................................................... 7 

The 1885 Census. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 

The 1890 Records...................................................................... .................................. 7 

State and Territorial Censuses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 

Availability of Mortality Schedules.......................................................................................... 12 

Principal Data Collection Forms, 1790-1990.................................................................................. 15 

1790. General Population Schedule. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 

1800. General Population Schedule. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 

1810. General Population Schedule..................................................................................... 18 

1820. General Population Schedule..................................................................................... 19 

1830. Schedule of the Whole Number of Persons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 

1840. Schedule of the Whole Number of Persons. . . . . .. . . . .. .. . .. .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. .. . . . . . . .. .. . .. . . . . . . . . .. 21 

1850. Schedule I-Free Inhabitants.................................................................................... 22 

Schedule 2-S1ave Inhabitants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 

1860. Schedule I-Free Inhabitants.................................................................................... 24 

Schedule 2-S1ave Inhabitants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 

1870. Schedule I-Inhabitants .......................................................................... , ...... , ..... ,. 26 

1880. Schedule I-Inhabitants .............. , .... , ..... " ................................. ,., ...... , .... , .... , ... ,..... 28 

Indian Division ... Schedule No. I-Population .............................. , ................. , ..... , .... , ..... ,.. 31 

1890. Schedule No. I-Population and Social Statistics., ......... ,.................................................... 34 

Special Schedule- Surviving Soldiers ... etc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 

1900. Schedule No. I-Population...................................................................................... 40 

Special Schedule No. I-Inquiries Relating to Indians .................. ,........................................ 46 

1910. Population ........................................................... , .. , ....................... ,................ 48 

1920. Population. , ...................... , ............ , .... , .. , ............ , ........ , ....... ,........................... 58 

1930. Population Schedule .............. " ........... , .. "., ... " .. " ............... " .. ,., ....... , ... , ....... " .. ,..... 60 

Unemployment Schedule ....................... , .. , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 

Supplemental Schedule for Indian Population ................................................. , ........... , . . . . . . 63 

1940. Population Schedules ...... , ......................................... ,." ........ , .............. ,., ......... ,..... 64 

Confidential Report on Wage or Salary Income, 1939 ........................................ , ........... ,....... 69 

Occupied-Dwelling Schedule .. , ............ , .... , ............................... , ............................. ,... 70 

Vacant-Dwelling Schedule .. , .............................. , ...... , ........... ,................................... 72 

1950. Population Schedule .................... , ..... , ..... , ......... , ........... , .. , ....... ,............................. 74 

Housing Schedule ............... , .................. , .................. , ...... ,................................... 76 

ill 
1960. Population Inquiries.............................................................................................. 78 

Housing Inquiries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 

1970. Population Inquiries.............................................................................................. 83 

Housing Inquiries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 

1980. Population Inquiries.............................................................................................. 89 

Supplementary Questionnaire for Indian Reservations. . .. . .. .. .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. . . . .. . .. . . . . . . . . . 93 

Housing Inquiries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 

Supplementary Questionnaire for Indian Reservations. . . .. .. . . .. . . . . . . .. . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .. .. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . 97 

1990. Introduction .............................................................................. :....................... 98 

Population Inquiries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 

Housing Inquiries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 

Bibliography. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 107 

For further information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 

iv 
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND 

A nationwide population census on a regular basis dates 

from the establishment of the United States. Article I, Section 

2, of the United States Constitution required in 1787 thatRepresentatives and direct Taxes shall be apportioned 

among the several States which may be included within this 

Union, according to their respective Numbers, which shall 

be determined by adding to the whole Number of free 

Persons, including those bound to Service for a Term of 

Years, and excluding Indians not taxed, three-fifths of all 

other Persons. The actual Enumeration shall be made within 

three Years after the first Meeting of the Congress of the 

United States, and within every subsequent Term of ten 

Years, in such Manner as they shall by Law direct. 

In subsequent decades. the practice of "Service for a Term of 

Years" died out. "Indians not taxed" were those not living in 

settled areas and paying taxes; by the 1940's, all American 

Indians were considered to be taxed. The Civil War of 1861-65 

ended slavery (abolished legally through the 13th Amendment 

in 18(5), and the 14th Amendment to the Constitution, ratified 

in 1868, ended Article I's three-fifths rule. Thus, the 

original census requirements were modified. Direct taxation 

based on the census never became practical. 

1700 Census 

The first enumeration began on the first Monday in August 

little more than Ii year after the of President 

am ...... ';"'"' ... and before the second session of the first 

;/)n,I>T'~~~ ended. The Members responsibility for the 

1790 census to the marshals of the U.S. districts under 

an act with minor modifications and governed 

CenlSU!,-taLlnrllF through 1840. The law that every 

household be visited and that census schedules be 

in "two of the most within 

there to remain for the of all concerned ... " and 

that "the amount of each description of persons" for 

every district be transmitted to the President. The six inquiries 

in 1790 called for the name of the head of the family and the 

number of persons in each household of the following descriptions: Free White males of 16 years and upward (to assess the 

country's industrial and military potential), free White males 

under Hi years, free White females, all other free persons (by 

sex and color), and slaves. 

Marshals took the census in the original 13 States, plus the 

districts of Kentucky, Maine, and Vermont, and the Southwest 

Territory (Tennessee). (See map, fig. 1.) There is no evidence of 

a 1790 census in the Northwest Territory. 

19th Century 

Starting with the 1800 census, the Secretary of State 

directed the enumeration and, from 1800 to 1840, the marshals 

reported the results to him. From 1850 through 1900, the 

Interior Department, established in 1849, had jurisdiction. 

1 

The 1800 and 1810 population censuses were similar in 

scope and method to the 1790 census. However, Members of 

Congress, as well as statisticians and other scholars both 

within and outside the Federal Government, urged that while 

the populace was being canvassed, other information the new 

Government needed should be collected. The first inquiries m 

manufacturing were made in 1810 and, in later decades, censuses of agriculture, mining, governments, religious bodies 

(discontinued after 1936), business, housing, and transportation were added to the decennial census. (Legislation enacted in 

1948 and later years specified that the various economic, 

agriculture, and government censuses would be taken at times 

that did not conflict with those in which the population and 

housing censuses occurred.) 'fhe census of 1820 covered the 

subject of population in somewhat detail than the 

preceding one. This census is notable for having obtained, for 

the first time, the numbers of inhabitants engaged in agriculture, commerce, and manufacturing. 

The 1830 census related solely to but its scope 

concerning this subject was extended substantially. The marshals and their assistants began using uniform printed schedules; before that, they had to use whatever paper was """LUitlllm",. 

rule it, write in the headings, and bind the sheets together. 

The census act for 1840 authorized the establishment of Ii 

centralized census office during each enumeration and provided for the collection of statistics pertaining to "the pursuits, 

industry, education. and resources of the country." The new 

~"~'UA<'''''''U ir!QuiriE!S included school and 

type of occupation. 

the census of 1840, the rather than the 

individual, was the unit of enumeration in the 

census, and the names of the household heads api:learOO 

the schedules. There was no tabulation beyond 

addition of the entries the marshals had Ilnd there 

was no attempt to publish details by cities or towns, 

or to summarize returns for each State, other than by 

unless the marshals had done so. 

Census ~x:pansilon 

The act which governed the taking of the Seventh, 

and Ninth Decennial Censuses (1850-1870) made 

in census procedures: Each marshal was responsible for subdividing his district into "known civil divisions," such as counties, townships, or wards, and for checking to ensure that his 

assistants' returns were completed properly. The number of 

population inquiries grew; ~'\I'~!:l'J!'~ person's name waS to 

!~ as were the items relating to~Ceach~mdfVlauarenumerated. For the first time, in 1850, the marshals collected additional "social statistics" (information about taxes, schools, 

crime, wages, value of estate, etc.) and data on mortality. 

Decennial mortality schedules for some States and territories 

exist for 1850-1880 and for a few places in 1885; see page 12 for 

text and location of records. 
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND-Continued 

Figure 1. GEOGRAPHY THE FEDERAL CENSUS, 1700-1900 

, . , . 1\ 

'\ b _____ ..J. 

---7--·l ., .,-~f--- -. --;. ------'._' j , l. ' \ : "';---_..4_., , , , 

2 
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND-Continued 

Figme 1. GEOGRAPHY OF THE FEDERAL CENSUS, 1700-1900-Continued. 

1850 1861 

3 
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND-Continued 

Noteworthy features of the 1870 census were the introduction of a rudimentary tallying device to help the clerks in their 

work, and the publication of maps, charts, and diagrams to 

illustrate the most significant census results. 

The general scope of the 1880 census was expanded only 

slightly over that of 1870, but much greater detail was obtained 

for many of the items-such detail, in fact, that beyond the 

basic counts, which were made and released promptly, it took 

almost until the 1890 census (because of budget constraints) to 

tabulate and publish some of the 1880 data. The census act for 

1880 replaced the marshals and their assistants with specially 

appointed agents (experts assigned to collect technical data, 

such as on manufacturing processes), supervisors, and enumerators, every one of whom was forbidden to disclose census 

information. Ever since the first census in 1790, some people 

had many of the questions as an invasion of privacy, 

but before the 1880 census, there was no law limiting the 

extent to which the public could use or see the information on 

any schedule. (Subsequent demographic and economic censuses, as well as most surveys, have been carried out according 

to statutes that make compliance mandatory, with penalties 

for refusal; and responses confidential, with penalties for disclosure. Congress codified these laws in 1954 as Title 13, U.S. 

Code.) For the first enumerators were given detailed 

maps to follow so they could account for every street or road 

and not stray beyond their assigned boundaries. The National 

Archives' Cartographic and Architectural Branch has a colle<:-

tion of these maps. 

Again, in 1890, there was a slight extension of the decennial 

census's scope, and some subj ects were covered in even greater 

detail than in 1880. Data were collected in supplemental 

surveys on farm and home mortgages and private corporations' and individuals' indebtedness. The 1890 census also 

for the first time in history, a separate schedule for each 

family. Herman Hollerith, who had been a special agent for the 

1880 census, developed punchcards and electric tabulating 

machines in time to process the census returns, reducing 

considerably the time needed to complete the clerical work. 

Hollerith's venture became part of what is now the IBM 

Corporation. Both the cards and the machines were improved 

progressively over the next 50 years. 

The 1890 census was historic in another way. In the first 

volume of the results, the Superintendent of the Census wrote 

these significant words: 

Up to and including 1880 the country had a frontier of 

settlement, but at present the unsettled area has been so 

broken into by isolated bodies of settlement that there can 

hardly be said to be a frontier line. In the discussion of its 

extent, its westward movement, etc., it can not, therefore, 

any longer have a place in the census reports. 1 

Commenting on this statement in a classic paper delivered in 

1893. one of America's great historians, Frederick Jackson 

Turner, wrote, "Up to our own day American history has been 

in a large degree the history of the colonization of the Great 

lU.S. Census Office, Compendium of the Eleventh Census: 1890. 

Part I.-Population. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 

1892. p. xlviii. 

4 

West. The existence of an area of free land, its continuous 

recession, and the advance of American settlement westward, 

explain American development. "2 The censuses that followed 

1890 reflected the filling in rather than the expansion of the 

colonized areas, and this meant a tunring point in American 

life. 

Moving into the 20th Century 

The 1900 census was limited to those questions asked for all 

the population in 1890, with only minor changes in content. 

The period, however, featured the first U.S. censuses outside 

the continental States and territories: 

Following its annexation in 1898, Hawaii (where the local 

government took a census every 6 years from 1866 through 

1896) was included in the 1900 census, which also had the first 

count of the U.S. population abroad (Armed Forces and Government civilian employees, and their households). 

'fhe War Department carried out an enumeration in Puerto 

Rico in 1899 following that island's from in 

1898 (there were censuses from 1765 to 1887 under 

Spanish rule), and there have been decennial censuses in the 

Commonwealth (its status since 1952) from 1910 onward. 

The Census Bureau compiled and published one census of 

the Philippme Islands following their accession by the United 

States in 1898; this census was taken under the direction of the 

Philippine Commission in 1903. (Under Spanish rule, there had 

been censuses in 1818 and 1876. The Philippine legislature 

directed Ii census in 1918, and the Commonwealth's statistical 

office began periodic enumerations in 1939. The Philippines 

became an independent republic in 1946.) 

The Isthmian Canal Commission ordered a general census 

of the Panama Canal Zone when the United States took control 

of the area in 1904; there was another general census in 1912 

and several special censuses at various times, but the Canal 

1..one was included in the U.S. censuses from 1920 to 1970. 

(Sovereignty over the Zone was transferred to the Republic of 

Panama in 1979.) 

'" " The United States occupied Guam in 1899, and the local 

governor conducted a census there in 1901 and later years; the 

island :was included in U.S. censuses from 1920 on. 

The governors of American Samoa took censuses at various 

times after U.S. acquisition in 1900. and the population there 

was enumerated in U.S. censuses from 1920 onward. 

In what have been the Virgin Islands of the United States 

since 1917, the Danish Government took periodic censuses 

between 1835 and 1911; there was a Federal census in 1917, 

and the islands appeared in the 1930 and subsequent U.S. 

censuses. 

The Census Bureau took a census of Cu.ba under a provisional U.S. administration there in 1907; there were earlier 

censuses under Spanish rule (which ended in 1898). then a U.S. 

War Department enumeration in 1899. and subsequent ones 

under the Republic (established in 1901) beginning in 1919. 

Later in the 20th century, the decennial census reports 

included figures for the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands. 

There had been quinquennial Japanese censuses in these islands 

2Frederick J. Turner, The Frontier in American History. New York: 

H. Holt & Company, 1958, p. 1. 
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND-Continued 

from 1920 to 1940; the U.S. Navy enumerated in 1950, and the 

U.S. High Commissioner carried out the 1958 census (the 

results of which in the 1960 U.S. The Census 

Bureau conducted the 1970 and 1980 censuses3; in 1980 and 

se~lariElte census of the Commonwealth of the 

!1Iuu:nWIll .!I1§l!ll!l!UIIIS, which had boon of the Trust 

A number of the censuses noted above collected data on 

economic and included enu-

,~uU'U.'" such as T:rn.k and in 

In some censuses, there were SUjlpl1em<ent;ru QUe!ltio.nnrurIBs 

for American in. enumerators used these forms 

on reservations to collect additional information about 

households with one or more American or 

Aleut residents. 

From the 1840 the 1900 censuses, a tpJ:1n'I'V' .... ''''' 

census officA:! had boon established before each deceImial enumeration and disbanded as soon as the results were corn:piled 

and established II. Bureau of 

the Census in 1902 t.he of the so there 

would be an of frequent 

censuses the decades instead of all 

the work in the years in "0." The Bureau moved to the 

new of Commerce and Labor in 1903 and continued with the Commerce Department. when the Labor 

ment was off in 1913. 

The 1910 census had several notable features. First, procensus took open competitive examinations administered. the country (since 1880, 

apl)olllte4~s had boon tests). the 

way in which results were published was changed. Those 

statistics that were first-and especially those in 

est demand as the total population of individual cities 

and States, and of the United States as a whole)-were issued 

first as press then in detail as bulletins and 

abstracts, the latter appearing 6 months to a year before the 

final reports were issued. 

In 1920 and also in 1930, there were minor changes in scope. 

A census of unemployment accompanied the 1930 census; data 

were collected for each person reported to have a gainful 

oc'(::UJ:~atjion but who was not at work on the working day 

preceding the enumerator's visit. 

Sampling. In many ways. 1940 saw the first contemporary 

census. One of its major innovations was the use of advanced 

statistical such as probability sampling, that had 

boon tried experimentally such as in crop sampling 

in the 1920's, Ii trial census of unemployment carried out by the 

Civil Works Administration in 1933-1934 and surveys of retail 

stores in the same decade, and an official sample survey of 

3In 1986, compacts of free association were implemented between 

the Federated States of Micronesia and the Mlll'shall Islands. and the 

United States. Under the terms of Title 13, U.S. Code, the United 

States was no longer authorized to take the decennial censuses in those 

Ill'eas that were formerly part of the Trust Territory. As of the summer 

of 1989. the compact of free association had not boon passed with 

Palau. If the compact is not implemented before 1990. the Census 

Bureau will take a 1990 census in Palau; however, if the compact is 

implemented before April. the Census Bureau will not carry out the 

planned enumeration. 

5 

unemployment in 1940 that covered about households. 

o:srunplillg in the 1940 census allowed the addition of a number 

of questions for just 5 of the persons enumerated 

without unduly the overall burden on res:polr!.dents 

and on data and also made it to 

prE~]inrillliry returns 8 months ahead of the tabulations. The Bureau was able to increase the number of detailed 

tables also to review the of 

the data pr<>Ceflsmlg 

hmlsmlg ,m'~"'~fiO included in the 1940 

census were in later years, and a few were for 

exaUlllple, place of work and means of to work 

oe<:npati()D 5 years before the census (1970 and 1980 

nUIA::!Ul!,: costs (1980). In 1940 and 1950, the 

UUIJWiI:U .. "JU questiolr!.S were asked for those persons whose 

names fell on the schedules' extended 

to the schedule in asked on 

basis: One of for household I, another 

for household 2. etc .• until household 6, when the was 

started with the first of In the 1960 

VUJIJlWlU"JIUU and 

was in the all 

of the household members were in the too. This scheme 

sufficient data for accurate estimates and 

HUlUS.u::Ij( characteristics for areas as small as a census tract 

average of 4,000 The asked 

on a l00-percent basis (name and address, age, sex. color or 

race in 1980, marital. 

status, and to the n01

USEmome'fI 

sary to identify the VUJ!JlW."'~"'" 

The sampling in later censuses. For U)70, 

some sample questions were asked of either a U'·t1i4l!"i'P.l1t 

of but some were asked for 

cOlnstitultullg a There was no 

for 1980, but it was used at every other household (50 

percent) in with fewer than 2,500 inhabitants and at 

every sixth household (17 percent) elsewhere. For 1990, the 

sample was tailored even more to size. (See p. 98 for 

details.) 

New the concerns of the Deiim~ss.ion 

years. the 1940 census asked several questions to measure 

employment and unemployment. and income. 

It was also the first to include a census of this 

obtained a variety of facts on the condition of the 

Nation's housing and the need for housing programs. 

(Prior to this, the data collected as of the 

tion censu.ses were limited to one or two 

At the time of the 1950 census, Ii survey of residential 

fimmcing was conducted as a related. bu.t >Q1'\1'1,"''''$,t.." operation, 

with information collected on Ii sample basis from owners of 

owner-occupied and rental and lenders. 

Similar surveys aC(~onlp£mil~ 

also were surveys of of nU'JJjUI~ 

1960,1970, and 1980 censuses (but not when the survey 

was scheduled for 1989 and these measured the 

tative and qualitative impact of basic changes that occurred in 

the Nation's housing stock the previous decade. The 

survey also offered a measure of "same" the preponderant of the that was not affected 

the basic changes. The first survey of this had boon Ii 

of the National in 1956. (The housing 
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND-Continued 

survey inquiries are not included in this publication; soo the 

bibliography on p. 107 for references.) 

1:"lr()Ce:ssilmg. The major innovation of the 1950 census was 

the use of an electronic UN IV AC (for Universal 

Automatic Computer) I, the first of Ii delivered in 1951 

to help tabulate some of the statistics. Nearly all of the data 

processing was done by computer in the 1960 census, now with 

the further aid of FOSDIC (film optical device for input 

to computers), an electronic device for "reading" the data on 

the returns instead of having clerks prepare punchcards. Special schedules were designed on which the answers could be 

indicated by marking small circles. The completed schedules or 

questi.onnaires were photographed onto microfilm with automatic cameras. FOSDIC then "read" the blackened dots (which 

~ntw.<I·rM as clear holes on the negative film) and transferred 

the data they to magnetic tape for the computer at 

that ranged from 3,000 items a minute to 70,000 items 

a minute in more recent versions. 

Collecting the data. The 1960 census was the first in which 

the mails were used extensively to collect population and 

housing data. The field canvass was preceded by delivery to 

every occupied housing unit of a questionnaire that contained 

the 100-percent questions (those asked for all persons and 

units). Householders were asked to complete the 

questionnaire and hold it until an enumerator called. The 

items were on Ii different questionnaire: In urban areas 

containing about 80 percent of the Nation's population, the 

enumerators carried questionnaires containing the sample 

population and housing questions for every fourth housing 

unit. If the units were occupied, the householders were asked to 

fill out the sample questionnaires themselves and mail them 

to the census district office. (The enumerators completed the 

questionnaires for vacant units.) Self-enumeration had been 

used on a very limited scale previously, but this was the first 

time it had been made a major part of the decennial procedure. 

When these questionnaires were received in the district offices, 

the responses were transcribed to the special FOSDIC 

schedules. In rural areas, the enumerators obtained the sample 

information during their visits, and they recorded it directlyon FOSDIC schedules. The 1970 census marked the use 

everywhere of separate, FOSDIC-readable household questionnaires-approximately 70 million of them-rather than the 

6 

large schedules that contained information for four or Inore 

households. Thus, respondents could mark the appropriate 

answer circles on their questionnaires. which then could be 

processed directly without transcription. 

Subsequent c:ensuses were taken principally by 1..I. ........ --... 11T 

proximately 60 percent of the population in 1970, 90 nP.V·I'P'.,t. 

1980. and 94 in 1990. 'rhe qU€lstl.«)nn.Wrc3s C(mtlWlEld 

100-percent questions. In areas 

where the was used. enumerators 

contacted either by or visit those 

households that had not returned or 

incomplete or inconsistent answers. For the remainder the 

population, most of which wa.'l located in nrral areas or small 

towns, carriers left a <,..ensus form the 100-

percent questions at each residential unit on their 

routes. An enumerator visited each of these to 

collect the and ask the additional 

questions for any household or unit in the I§IUUpJI6. 

These were with for 1990. 

In many rural areas, the enumerators, rather than the 

delivered the and asked that 

completed and In some areas, 

enumerators took address lists with them, for additional units, and enumerated any persons they found living 

there. 

Publishing. For 1970, extensive discussions with census 

data users led to a major increase in the amount of statistics to 

be tabulated, especially for small areas. As part of the 1970 

census the Bureau (but not 

each of 1.5 all 

blocks in urbanized areas), as concmared. 

data were for within the city limits of 

places 50,000 or more inhabitants. For 1980, there were 

data for 1.8 million blocks, with the limit lowered to 

include incorporated places wi.th of 10,000 or more; 

several States were blocked in entirety. For 1990, the 

block statistics program was to cover the entire 

country, or approximately 7.5 million blocks. 

The uno, 1980, and 1990 and census 

data appear in series of on paper or 

microfiche. or both-similar to those issued after the 1960 

census, with accompanying maps where In addition, the Bureau issued public-use microdata tapes, ''''',,<1111'11 

containing much more detail than the reports, for users 

with electronic computer facilities, After 1980, some data were 

made available on diskettes for microcomputers as well as "on 

line" through commercial computer networks, and later in the 

decade, on compact discs with read-only memory (CD-ROM). 
AVAILABILITY OF POPULATION SCHEDULES 

Limitations 

OOlJWilltUm and housing are coxmd.ent;iaJ., 

for 72 years. this cannot be released to 

anyone the named their heirs (on of 

death), or their Applications for official 

transc:ripts should be made to the Census Bureau p. 109 ). 

2 shows the decennial schedules from 

H.,."",~,h 1920, together with SOUNDEX indexes 

1900, uno, and 1920, for which microffimed 

will available for use the 

and at libraries in 

various of the to Title 44, U.S. 

the Archives will open the 1920 records to the after 

I, 1992.) The Archives sells or rents the microffim 

pulblicati~Jns listed on the chart to individuals and institutions, 

and some libraries are willing to release copies through interlibrary loan. The Archives periodically issues catalogs for use in 

ordering the microffim and publishes checklists of institutional 

holdings. See the bibliography on page 107. 

Microfilm. In most cases, the census m~mu.sc!ipt 

schedules were microfilined many years after 

by which time the ink often had faded and the pages were 

brittle. To save valuable space after the paper 

then either were or in the case of the 1880 

Scilooules) offered to State archives. While schedules from the 

from 1790 to 1880 usually were stored flat in binders 

secured by cloth tape, later ones, such as for 1890 through 

1920, were bound for safekeeping and ready use age search, 

etc.) in large volumes. When microffiming began around 1940, 

it to remove and rebind the pages in 

those so they were photographed in place. The pages 

were turned for filming (see figure 3), and their legibility·-poor 

at best-sometimes was reduced even further by the camera's 

..... "',, ...... ,":1 to focus on the curved surfaces of some pages. 

For the years beginning in 1890, when tabulation 

came into use (see p. 39), clerks used red ink to add alphabetical 

or numerical codes in certain schedule columns (such as the one 

for veteran status) for the keypunch operators' guidance. 

These codes represent occupation, number of persons in the 

household, and the like-information already appearing on the 

schedule. As the microffim is only in black and white, this color 

cannot be distinguished. The reader should recognize and 

ignore these codes as extraneous when transcribing or interpreting what appears on the ffim. 

Finding Guides 

All decennial census schedules are arranged geographically, 

not by name, so an address or an index is necessary 

to find a record. In 1908, the Census Bureau prea 12-volume work entitled Heads of Fam.iJ.ies at the First 

7 

Censlls of the United States Taken in the Year 1790 {State] 

that the completed 1790 schedules in form 

with indexes. (See bibliography on p. 107.) Various individuals 

and have compiled indexes for 19th 

(,.Al1lr.llfV censuses, generally 1870, and these can be 

found in many libraries and collections. There are 

SOUNDEX or MIRACODE indexes for 1880 households 

with children 10 years of age or 1900, uno States 

in the South), and 1920. These based on 

the sound of the surname, were to assist the 

Census Bureau in records for persons who needed 

official of age from a before all States had Ii 

uniform of births. There is a ~~.'~~n;'~ 

for each of the above years for State or i-" .. "",t-,"lMY 

Census Bureau also created an index for selected cities in the 

1910 census that translates street addresses into the 

IU'I1Clll'Onriate enumeration district number and cOltTelsp(lnding 

volume number of the schedules. (See on p. 

The 1840 Census 

This census included a enumeration of military 

pensioners. The names and ages listed were PUlll.ot\U in A 

Census of Pensioners for or B,,,,./rm_ •. "P.Mrir.I1'.Q~ 

With Their 

DC: 

Publishing Co., in 

end of roll :3 in Archives microffim pu Oll<catlml 

is available from the house. 

The 1885 Census 

Five States and territories chose to take an 1885 census 

with Federal assistance. The schedules show the same of 

information as those for 1880, but in many cases the initial 

letters of enumerated names appear instead for 

the names themselves. This census is not listed in the chart 

below, but the relevant Archives microffim numbers are as follows: 

Colorado 

Florida 

Nebraska 

New Mexico 

Dakota Territory 

M158, 8 rolls 

M845, 13 rolls 

M352, 56 rolls 

M846, 6 rolls 

North Dakota In State Historical Society collection, not 

ffimed 

South Dakota GR27, 3 rolls 

The 1800 lte(~or(ls 

A number of the 1890 census records were burned in II. fire in 

1921. The water, and other to the 

bound volumes was such that remained to be 
AVAILABILITY OF POPULATION SCHEDULES-Continued 

microfilmed in later years. The three rolls (Archives Publication M407) listed on the chart cover the following areas: 

Roll Area covered 

1 Alabama. Perry County (Perryville Beat No. 11 and 

Severe Beat No.8) 

2 District of Columbia. Blocks bounded on the East and 

West by 13th and 15th Streets, Northwest, on the 

South by Q Street, and on the North by S Street. 

3 Georgia. Muscogee County (Columbus) 

Illinois. McDonough County (Mound Twp.) 

Mhmeoota. Wright County (Rockford) 

New Jersey. Westchester County (Eastchester), Suffolk County (Brookhaven Twp.) 

North Carolina. Gaston County (South Point and River 

Bend 'I'wps.), and Cleveland County (Twp. No.2). 

Ohio. Hamilton County (Cincinnati) and Clinton County 

(Wayne Twp.) 

Soutb Dakota. Union County (Jefferson Twp.) 

Texas. Ellis County (J.P. No.6, Mountain Peak and 

Ovilla Precinct), Hood County (Precinct No.5), Rusk 

County (No. 6 and J.P. No.7), Trinity County 

(Trinity town and Precinct No.2), and Kaufman 

8 

County (Kaufman). 

These three rolls are indexed (A-J and K-Z) on two 

microfilm rolls, Archives Publication M496. 

A number of the special schedules of Union veterans of the 

Civil War and their widows were saved, including those for 

U.S. vessels and Navy yards, and these were microfilmed as 

Archives Publication M123. 

State and 

In addition to the 1885 censuses discussed above, many 

States and territories took their own censuses at various times. 

Some were fairly detailed; others contained little more than 

counts. They are not within the scope of this document, but 

they are described in State Censuses: An Annotated Bibliography of CenSllses of Population Taken After the YelH' 1790 

States 8I1d Territories of the United States, Prepared by Henry 

J. Dubester, Library of Washington, DC: Government Printing 1948,73 pages (reprinted by Burt Franklin, New York, NY; ISBN ()"83370-927-5). Extant schedules 

are available on microfiche from KTO Microform. Millwood, 

NY. 
AVAILABILITY OF POPULATION SCHEDULES-Continued 

Figure 2. CENSUS MICROFILM PUBLICATION AND ROLL NUMBERS 

(A daah (-) in tho roIumn me .... that no oonaus WIIS taken or Sound"" prepared. "No" in the column meIIDS that the oonauB WIIS taken but no manuscript copi"" are known to exist.' 

1890" 1910 

State 1790 1800 1810 1820 1830 1840 1850 1890 1870 1890 1880 (11.1407) 1800 1900 1910 Sound"" 1920 1920 11.1637 11.132 11.1252 11.133 11.119 11.1704 11.1432 11.1653 11.1593 T9 Soundex '1'623 Sound"" '1'624 or 'I'625t Soundext 11.1123 Miraoods 

Alabama - No No INo 1-4 H6 1-24 1-36 1-45 1-3. T734 (1) 1-44 TlO30 1·37 TI259 1·74 1-130 1·140 

AIas.ka - - - - - - - - - No No No 1823- T103! 1748- - 1832 1-15 1750 

Arizona - - - - - - See New "See New 46 36,37 T735 No 45-48 TI032 38-42 - Mexico Mexico 1·2 1-22 

468 712 

Arkansas - - - No 5 17·20 25-32 37-54 474i7 23-30 T736 No 4!NlO TI03a 434i8 Tl230 1-48 1-132 H39 

California - - - - - 33-36 55-72 68-93 6H!6 T737 No 81-116 TI034 69- TI261 1·34 J.198 111 1·272 ~ 

Coloo!do - - - - - - - See 94-96 87-93 T736 No 117·130 TI035 112- - Kansas 1·7 14i8 126 346 

CollllllCticut 1 1-3 1·3 1·3 6-11 21-32 37·51 73-93 96-117 94-110 T739 No 13J.152 T1Oa6 127- - iT498)1 1·25 J.107 144 

Delaw .... 3N. 4 4 4 12-13 33-34 52-55 96-100 199-122 11H20 T741 No 153-157 TI037 145- - 1-9 1-21 148 

District of Columbia See 5 No 0 14 35 5&57 101-105 123-127 121-134 T742 12) 158-154 TI036 149- - Md&V. 1·9 liS 1-42 155 

Fk>rido .- _. - - 15 36 5!NlO 10&110 123-133 125-132 T743 No 165-177 T!03S 156- TI262 H6 1-59 169 1-<;4 

Georgia No <No No &10 1&21 37·53 61-95 111-153 134-154 133-172 T744 13) 178-230 TI040 17()' TI263 14i8 1-211 220 1-174 

Hawaii - - - - - .- - - - - - No 1333- TI041 1751- - 1837 1-30 1755 " Idaho - - - - - - - - 165 173 T746 No 231-234 TI042 221- - 1·2 1-19 228 

Illinois - - 5No 11-12 22-25 54-73 97-134 164-241 13&295 174-262 T746 (3) 235-356 TI043 229- TI364 1-143 1-479 337 1-491 

indiana - No No 13-15 2&32 74-100 135-181 342-309 296-373 953-324 T747 No 357-414 TI044 336- - 1-98 1-262 369 

Iowa - - - - See 10H02 182-189 310-345 374-427 325-371 T748 No 415-468 Tl045 399- - Missouri 1-78 1-198 430 72,73 

Kansas - - - - - - - 34&362 423-443 372-400 T749 No 469-505 TI046 431- TI265 Hil 1-147 461 1·205 

Kentucky 6N. 7No 5-9 1&28 33-42 103-126 199-228 353-406 444-504 401-448 T750 1·3 50&555 TI047 482- TJ.286 14i3 1-198 506 J.l94 ~ 

Louisiana - - 10 30-32 43-45 127-135 229-247 407-431 505-535 447-474 T751 4-5 55&595 TI046 507- Tl267 1·55 1-148 535 H32 

Mama 2 &3 IH2 33-39 48-52 13&155 248-276 482-455 523-565 475-492 T752 6-7 5SHe3 TI049 536- - (1'491)1 1·29 1-79 546 

MorylaW 3 9-12 13-16 40-46 53-58 156-172 277-302 456-485 568-599 493-518 T763 8-10 6044i36 TlO50 549- - iT495)1 1-47 1-127 570 

MlIlIlllIChusetts 4 13-19 17-22 47·55 63-58 173-202 303-345 485-534 8004i59 519-568 T7M 11-16 63H97 TI05l 571- - iT498)1 1-70 1-314 633 

Michigaa - - No 56 69 203-212 34&286 535-568 630-715 569-614 T755 17-21 693-755 TI052 634- TI286 1·73 1·259 638 1-253 

Minnesota - - - - - - 367 567-576 71&719 615-638 T756 13) 756-798 TI053 639- _. 11357: IT132) 1·37 22-25 1-181 730 T1175 1-13 1-5) 

Mississippi - No No 57-53 70-71 213-219 95&390 577.;;04 720-754 639-670 T757 25 799-635 TI054 731- TI269 H9 1-155 765 HIS 

Missouri - - No No 72-73 220-233 391-424 60&364 75&326 671-741 T756 27-34 636-908 T1055 768- T1270 1-114 1·800 828 1·955 

Monteno - - - - - - - See 827 742 T759 35 909-915 TI056 829- - NebrllBka 1-2 1-40 637 

Nebraska - - - - - - - 955 8234i33 743-757 T730 36-33 91&942 T1057 836- - 1·22 1-107 357 

Nevada - - - - - - SeeUteb SeeUteb 6344i85 758-759 T76l 39 943 T1058 856- -

~- 919 1314 1·3 1-7 359 

59-61 74-78 234-346 425-441 668-631 83&350 760-769 TI62 40 944-952 TI059 890- - 1-13 1-52 638 

New Jersey 632-711 851-892 770-801 T763 13) 953-998 TI030 337- H9 41-43 1·203 912 

New Mexico - - -

~ - 467-470 712-716 893-897 302-304 T754 44 909-1003 TI061 913- - 14i 1-23 919 

New York 6 21·28 2&37 7174i85 896-1130 305-949 T735 13) 1004-1179 TI062 920- IT495)2 1-187 45-57 1-756 1094 

North Carolina 7 29-34 23-43 3IJ.35 118-125 354-374 619-656 95&927 1121- 1095- Tl27l iT498)2 1-163 1137 1-178 

North Dakota 

Ohio - No No 3&95 12&142 375-434 357-741 923-1054 1167-1364 989-1079 T'167 (3) 1235-1334 TI065 1150- T1272 1-143 60-75 1·195 1241 1-418 

9 
AVAILABILITY OF POPULATION SCHEDULES-Continued 

Figme 2. CENSUS MICROFILM PUBLICATION AND ROLL NUMBERS-Continued 

(A dash (-) in the column means that no census was tnken or Soundex prepared. "No" in the column means that the census was tnken but no manuscript copies are mown to exist.) 

1890' 1910 

State 1790 1909 1810 1820 1830 1840 1850 1860 1870 1830 1830 (M407) 1909 1900 1910 Sound •• 1920 1920 M637 M32 M252 M33 M19 M704 M432 M653 M593 T9 Souudex M123 '1'623 Soendex '1'624 or T625t Souudext Mirocode 

Oklahoma - - - - - - - See No - No 1°76 1335-1344 T1066 1242- T1273 Arkansas J.43 1277 1·143 52-54 

Oregon - - - - - - 742 1055-1056 1285-1288 1030-1084 T768 77 1345-1353 1'1067 1278- - 1-8 J.53 1291 

Pennsylvania 8,9 35-44 44-57 9&114 14&166 435-503 743-840 106H201 1289-1470 1085-1208 T769 78-91 1354-1503 TI066 1292· T1274 (T498)2 ).168 J.590 1435 1-688 

Rhode Island 10 45-46 5&59 115-117 167-168 504-506 841-847 1202-1211 147J.1480 1209-1216 T770 92 1504-1513 TI069 1436- - (T498)3 HI 149 1445 

South Carolina 11 47·50 30-62 118-121 169-173 507-516 84&666 1212·1238 146H512 1217-1243 '1'771 93 1514-1545 T1070 1446- T1275 (T498)3 I-56 J.J24 1474 1-93 .~~-

South Dakota - - - - - - - 94 118 911H15 T740 (3) 154&1556 T1071 1475- - 1-6 94 J.44 1489 

1'ennessee No UNo 63 12122-125 174-182 517·537 669-907 123!J.!266 1513-1572 1244-1287 T772 95-98 1557-1606 1'1072 J4!JO. 1'1276 1-86 J.l87 1526 J.l42 

Texas - - - - '0- - 90&918 128H312 1573-1609 128IH334 T773 (3) 1607-1681 1'1073 1527· 1'1277 J.77 99-102 1-266 1601 J.262 

Utah - - - - - 919 1313-1314 1611).1613 1335-1339 T774 103 1682-1668 1'1074 1602- - J.7 1-29 1611 

Vermont 12 51-52 64-65 126-128 183-166 536-546 920-931 1315-1329 1614-1629 1340-1350 T776 105 168!J.!698 1'1075 1612- - (1'498)3 H5 J.41 1618 

Virginia (1'498)3 UNo 66-71 129-142 189-201 549-579 932-993 1330-1397 1630-1662 1351-1395 T776 106-107 169H74O 1'1076 1619- 1'1278 1-82 1-164 1662 H63 

Washington - - - - - - 742 1398 1663 1396-1398 T777 108 174J.l754 1'1077 1653- - 14 1-70 1675 

West Virginia See See See See See See See See 1684-1702 1399-1416 T778 109-110 1755-1776 1'1078 1676- 1'1279 Virginia Virginia Virginia Virginia Virginia Virginia Virginia Virginia 1-32 1-92 1699 H08 

Wisronsin - - - See See 560 994-1009 1399-1438 1703-l747 1417-1453 T779 m-llS 177H825 1'1079 17!JO. - Michigan Michigan 1-61 1-166 1744 

Wyoming - - - - - - - See 1746 1454 T760 117 1826-1827 TI080 1745- - Nebraska J 1-14 1747 

Military & Naval - - - - - - - - - - - 104 1836-1842 1'1081 1784 - 1·32 

Indian Territory - - - - - - - - - - - 76 1843-l854 T1082 See See 

142 Olda. 0kIa. 

Institutions - - - - - - - - - - - - - T1063 - - 1-8 

Puerto Rico - - - - - - - - - - - - - No 1756- No 1763 

·Schedules reproduced on M407 (with roll numbers shown in parentheses) are fragmentary renurlns only. Most of the 1890 population census records were lost in a lire in 1921. M123 consiats of special schedules enumerating Union veterans and widows of Union veterans of the Civil War; M496 is an index to these. tlWll numbers to be assigned (with Sonndex in the sequence M1548 to Ml605). The National Archives will announce roll numbers and prices together with ordering information in the fall or wintr,; of 1991-1992. Extant part in Stats Department of Archives and History, Montgomery, AL. 21864 tarritorial census schedules are in the custody of the Secretary of Stata, Phoenix, AZ; those for 1866, 1867, end 1869 are in the National Archives. 3See reconstruction in Leon deVaIinger, Reconstructed 1790 Census of Delaware, Geneslogical Publications of the National Genealogical Society, VoL 10, Washington, DC, 1954. 'Schedules for Oglethorpe County are in the Georgia Department of Archives end History, Atlanta GA. 5Schedules for Randolph County are in the Illinois Stata Library, Springfield IL. 6See reconstruction in Charles Brunk Heinemann and Gaius Marcus Brumbaugh, First Census of Kentucky, 1790, Washington, DC, 1940. 

~See reconstruction in Garrett Glenn Clift, comp., Second Censns of Kentucky, 1800, Frankfort, KY, 1954. County tax lists for 1783 exist on microfilm. 9&885 Dakota Territory census schedules in the State Historical Society Library, Bismarck, ND. I 1890 territorial census records in Oklahoma Historical Society, Oklalioma City, OK. 

llSee reconstruction in Pollyana Creekmore, Early East Tennessee Till[ PaTera, The East Tennessee Historical Society Publications 23, 24, 26, 27, 28, 30, end 31 (1951-1959). 12See also Compilation of Tennessee Census Reports, 1820 (microlihn publication T911, 1 roll). 1"Tbe Texas States Archives, Austin, has extant Texas census schedules for 1829-36, reprinted in Marion Day Mullin., "The First Census of Texas, 1929-36," Nationsl Genealogical Society 

Qu~lY, vol. 40, No. 49 (June 1952) and following. 4Scbedules for Accomac County only in Virginia State Library, Richmond, VA. 

10 
AVAILABILITY OF POPULATION SCHEDULES-Continued 

FigW'e 3. 

11 
SCHEDULES 

In 1850, 1860, 1870, 1880, and 1885 (see above), the census Profession, occupation, or trade 

included about persons who died in the year State, or of birth and "".., •. "''''"" 

1mrnediBltel,y prec:OOling the enumeration. In the questions covered these topics: of residence in county 

Month in which person died 

Disease or cause of death 

Name Place where disease contracted (if not at of death) 

Age at last birthday 

Sex 

Race 

Name of attending physician 

Marital status The following chart (fig. 4) is a checklist of schedules. 

This listing provides by State and year the available mortality schedules. Where the schedulle 

T, GR, A, etc.) that number is listed. If the publication was issued by a State archives or originator. Where there is no microfilm publication and the mortality schedule is available 

entry. If "manuscript" is indicated, the schedule has not been published and is available only at the 

, 

State 1850 1860 1870 

Alabama Alabama Dept. of ADAH ADAH ADAH 

Archives and 

History (ADAH) 

Arizona New Mexico State T655 T655 

Records Center and 

Archives (NMSRCA) 

Arkansas Arkansas History AHC AHC AHC 

Commission (AHC) 

California UC Berkeley BL BL BL 

Bancroft Lib. (BL) 

Colorado T655 T655 

Connecticut Connecticut State CSL CSL CSL 

Library (CSL) 

Delaware All55 A1l55 All55 All55 

District of Columbia T655 T655 T6S5 T655 

Florida T1168 TU68 TU68 TU68 

Georgia T65S T655 T6SS T655 

Idaho (book form) Idaho State Historical ISHS 

Society (ISHS) 

Illinois T1133 T1l33 TU33 T1133 

Indiana Indiana State ISL ISL ISL 

Library (lSL) 

Iowa A1l56 AllS6 A1l56 AlIS6 

Kansas T1l30 T1l30 TIl30 

Kentucky T6SS T65S T6SS T6S5 

Louisiana T6SS T6SS T6SS T65S 

Maine Maine State MBA MSA MBA 

Archives (MSA) 

M aryland Maryland State Law MSLL MSLL MSLL 

Library (MSLL) 

M assachusetts GR19 GR19 GR19 T1204 

T1204 T1204 T1204 

M ichigan TIl63 TIl63 TIl6S T116S 

12 

.. -

1880 1885 

M158 

M84S 
AVAILABILITY OF MORTALITY SCHEDULES-Continued 

Figure 4. MORTALITY SCHEDULES-Continued 

and year the available mortality schedules. Where the schedule has a. National fA ""'\i'~:'r~~:~~~:t:l listed. If the publication was issued by a State archives or other organization, 01 

no microfilm publication and the mortality schedule is available in book form only, 

is indicated, the schedule has not been published and is available only at the holding institution. 

State 1850 1860 1870 1880 1885 

Minnesota Minnesota Historical MHS MHS MHS 

Society (MHS) 

(manuscript) 

Mississippi Mississippi Dept. MDAH MDAH MDAH 

of Archives and 

History (MDAH) 

Missouri State Historical SHSM SHSM SHSM 

Society of Missouri 

(SHSM) 

Montana GR6 GRa 

Nebraska T1l28 T1128 T1l28 M352 

Nevada Nevada Historical NHS (manuscript) 

Society (NHS) 

(manuscript) 

New Hampshire New Hampshire State NHSL NHSL NHSL 

Lib. (NHSL) 

New Jersey GR21 GR21 GR21 GR21 

New Mexico NMSRCA NMSRCA NMSRCA NMSRCA M846 

New York New York State NYSA NYSA NYSA 

Archives (NYSA) 

North Carolina GRI GRI GRI GRI 

North Dakota South Dakota State SDSHS SDSHS State Historical Soc. 

Historical Society of North Dakota 

(SDSHS) (manuscript) 

Ohio T1l59 T1l59 T1l59 T1l59 

Oregon Oregon State Library OSL OSL OSL 

(OSL) 

Pennsylvania T956 T956 T956 T956 

Rhode Island Rhode Island State 

Archives 

(manuscript) 

South Carolina GR22 GR22 GR22 GR22 

South Dakota SDSHS SDSHS SDSHS GR27 

Tennessee T655 T655 T65S 

Texas T1l34 TllM T1134 T1l34 

GR7 

Utah (book form) (book form) GR7 

Vermont Vermont Dept. of VDL (manuscript) GR7 VDL (manuscript) 

Libraries (VDL) 

(manuscript) 

Virginia T1l32 T1l32 T1l32 T1l32 

OSL All 54 A1l54 A1l54 

West Virginia West Virginia Dept of WVDAH WVDAH WVDAH 

Archives and History 

(WVDAH) 

Wisconsin State Historical SHSW SHSW SHSW 

Society of Wisconsin 

(SHSW) 

Wyoming (book form) (book form) 

13 
Cartoon appearing in August 18, 1860, issue of The 

Saturday Evening Post. Courtesy: Library of Congress. 

THE GREAT TRIBULATION@ 

CENS'US ,MARSHAL.-', I jist want to know how ma:oy ofl yez is deaf, dumb, bUnd, wee 

an4 idlotic-likewi!!e how many convi~ts there is in the family-what aU your ages aTil", 

especi,aUy th~ old womm aud the young ladies?--and how ,many dollimil the old gentleman 

i3 worth 1" 

['\.remendous s6usatio::n all round the table.] 

14 
COLLECTION FORMS, 

The census acts prescribed the in each 

decennial census, but the U.S. Government did not furnish uniform. schedules until 1830. In 1790, the marshals sub15 

mUted their returns in whatever form. found convenient 

(and sometimes with added mt()rn1lati1on); from 1800 to 1820, 

the States schedules of size and h""""I'."~,, 
1700 

GENERAL POPULATION SCHEDULE USED IN PENNSYLVANIA 

(This schedule is unusual; it contains "professions and occupations" --information collected for a Philadelphia city directory 

which Clement Biddle. the U.S. marshal for Pennsylvania, published in 1791.) 

," 

16 

. ''I? fl, /hf6 tSfllf: JIJ2 td 

B. .1 j ;f-; . ( ,N . 

I 

i 

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, 

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~. 

. .j 

j 

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-I 

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,,1 

:/ 

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d'l 

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1: 

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;/' 

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t 

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! 

st r 

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, 

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21 

I 

I ' 

I.i/iji~~~l? ! I ; 

. i· . . I '
Ll 

0081 

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...... 

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t;; 

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~ I __ ~I I ~: I Under I,"Jtarsofage. 

e 

~ 

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,..-L~. ... 

o Of 1m and under )i.xlem. 

0\ 

o I Of )ix/em and under /wmlyN )iN, ;ncluding head, of familia. 

_0\ 1__ I 

\-t \ Of ,'wmlffi" and under 

fQr'yfi

w , 

I 

~ imhu/in:s htotlJ if families. _1_1 ________ _ 

~~ I I,~ Of fOrlyfiw ond up.unrd" in-

"':I 

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t'f1 

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..., 

t'f1 

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.... 

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~ I R' c/ud;lIg hrads oJjdmtlul. 

0! =1.= ========1.::::= ~ 

.... , ;::: 

o 

o 

;e') 

I.-I. 

Under 1m )'M" of age. 

Of len and un"'r )ixlftn. 

!.,... 41::, I Of )is'an and under l1Ornly-

'11 N fix~ incltlding hem/! of familia. 

;'0'\ ' -li---'!-----

1M II';' 

:~ j:-

, ... 

. 

I\:W, 

Of Iwmlyfix and under 

forlyfive, 

including heads of families. 

Or fortyfive and upward!, 

including heads of familia. 

c 

~ ~ 

"':I 

~ 

t>1 

t>1 

~ ,,~ ;1: 

:n 

E~ \') <:' 

~ 

J 

~I'-A:-' "'''=O'''h=,=r=fi=r="=pe=rfi=o=.s=,=,=,,=(tpI==I.=,,,=;a=n=,= 

nOltaxed. i 

~ (N 

-r:~ Slavtl. ? 

I 

I 

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1-1 

Z· 

~ 

~ ~ 
uuo 

GENERAL SCJIEI)UIE USW IN THE STATE 014' MA,SS,I\C1t1UI!;E1:'TS 

j/l 

(A.) 

of the whole number of Persons within the division allotted to ~~ 6~~~£ 

FREE WHl1'E MALES. FREE WIU1'E FEMALES. 'I 

~---------------------

~ .!.i 

1'5 ~ '1 ~i ,.; '" ].ll ~ .; !l t, t.ll 

NAME OF NAMES OF ~ 

l~ ~ 

l~ li? ,.~r;;'J"I· 1;> 1· 11 1;> 1 

-(Y£~1! § .,~ _1 . ~ '" .. ..., 1 . 11 

n~ """ .~ "~il 

"" ~·l -l'1!" ~ !e:s e]~ f""- e//JrlJ/fttf! !i.;" " ~~ 

/~//?/;r;J ~ '" f~~ .,,~ . ~ li~ ..,,~~ 

" " ~ ~ ~.il»'& ~.d ~ ~ . .il»'& I~'& 

, ~,_//.!t, _ ~ ~ ~ tS ~ ~ ~ ---, 

to 10. to 16. to 26. to 45. 45 &.c. . to 10. J 10 16. to 26. 1045 . 45 s.c. 

--"--_.- -,----_. ._- ---,1--

/np~N 3%d~ / I I \ 

/ 

//:d~?~ $~~ .'Z / / / I 

~~ -t;/~ /- / ./ / .z " ,7 / 

(~Z{J~ Jffa/~ / / ~ / / :J / 

.%£Zr/ ~~/ I / / / / / 

.k/ 'R~ ,'3 I / / / / / 

'4~/ / / / / / / ,2 

·tiN / / I 

/ / 

t",J ;2 / :~ / )~ r~M / / / / / / / 

~d / 

lff~' / / / / Jt / ;2 / / . { 

/ / 

/ 

:j / / / / 

/ / 

/ / / .. , ;2 / 

/ / / / 

/ / / / / 

/ i! 2 / / / 

/ 

18 
..... 

f.O 

GENERAL POPULATION SCHEDULE USED IN THE STATE OF MASSACHUSETTS 

-..... 

FREE WHITE MALES. FREE WHITE FEMALES. I I II 1 FREE COWlIED PERSON!!. 

NAMES 

• ,,!.," I !"I'I' I Mal... ]FemaI ... 

. i b .£.:i .;;.£:[ II I . - ~ .- -!:> = I I 

; ~; ~; ~ l!: ~; . ~ ~ .~ .... = Q.. <:I I.~ ~ § Q.. Z I' ::; , ;:; .' JI'I 

.~ .; .g ~.: ~ ~ t §. "goO ~ ] ~ ~ ~ ~ b • " • ; ...:; ~ 11 '" ~ •.• ~ I:;;, II • I a I !:>!:> I C 

: § § ].. .!:!i! ~ :. ~ ~E .~:-=: ~ , ~ I ~ "I ~.2..; ! ""' = --= 

c y:; ;; c.-

O!l~ _'- z.~ ,,?.. 

~.~ _ 

5 ~ 5j 

(II 

b~ c_ '9,.; 

I>->(j,\ • ~ S I :: I "I:!." :: .! "0 

~ "0 :a • ~ OF 

HEADS OF FAMILIES. :; • • ~ ~ = 0 I "" . • 1<'0 00 "'" .. ::, ,I 'll I r • ~ = I ~ 5 11 ~ f :: w.... ~.c ~ ~ ~ !l .o;;~ !~ ~.~ ~ ~ I ~ II ~ I ~ § .; go ~ .: -g :: :: ~'o ':] '0:: § '0 'o~ 'o~! '0- 1 s ~ ~ I;; "0 m -g! ~ ~ : ~ .: ..a ~!>,f) .. ~ £ : ~~ :A ~'o .:! ~ 11" :: ~ a ~ ~ I:; • o -3 ~ ~ ~ ".E ~'" • .. .. il' .. il'''~ ~ • :; II " I" . I· : ~ ; ] s ~ ;~. 8] ai ~ ~ ~] ~] ]j 1 i i J ~ ~ ~ ~~! -: "§ ~ 'IJ ... (,I.e ~;:$ .:lll.o (II ~ o./u (j,\ u (j,\ bO ~ ~ := <l.> 1:; ~ <2 ::a 

~ ::a ~ :;; ~ ::a'll jtQ 

::a.-. 

ft ~ :a.5 :t] ::a JI: ::a !!I: ::a.. a;", ",.. ~ .:- ::a. ~-g t ~ ~ ;;!; 

II ~ I ~ tiS I '" e 

'0 I '0 

1: e 

'0 I. : ~ ~ : 2 ~ •. 5 .~ •• • ". 0" ooE 00 • 1 II 1 II 1 I ~ . . " '" -a ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ r!: ~~ r: l: r: ~ ~ ~ ~ ~.;.; ~ ~ 

to 10 10 HI 16t.lllll6t:2~t04{j145'~~Olto 16 to 2~_~451~----II--IL--~~~1 to:61~:;45145:C' 1:'4 10"26 

INSTRUCTIONS TO MARSHALS-CENSUS OF 1820 

The interrogatories to be put at each dwelling house, or to the head of every family, 

are definitely marked in relation to the varioUl:; cla&!e8 of inhabitants d.iscriminated. in the several colulllllS of the 8cht..>dulc, by the titles at the head of each column. That of the name of the head of each family, must indeed be varied according to its circumstances, as it may be that of a master, mistress, steward, overseer, or other principal person therein. The subsequent inquiries, How many free white males u'nder 10 years there are in the family? How many of 10 and under 16? etc., will follow in the order of the colwnns. But, to facilitate the labor of your assistan a printed liat of aU the interrogatories for emlmcration, beli~vetl to be necessary, iudosed,; (No.5) in which aU the questiOll.B refer to the day when the enumeration is to commence; the first Monday in August next. Your assistants win thereby understand that they are to insert in their returns all the persons belonging to the famIly on the first Monday in August, even those who may be de<.-eased at the time wben they lake the "","onut; and, on the other hand, that they will not include in it, 

infants born after that day. This, though not prescribed in express terms by the act, 

is the undoubted intention of the legislature, as manif$k"(i by the clause providing that every person shall be recorded llS of the family in which he or she shall reside on the first Monday in August. It will be nece~ry to remember. that the numbers in the columns of free white 

malc8 between 16 and 18-foreigncn:l Hot naturalizL'tl-penlOI1S engaged in agriculture- persons engaged in cOlllU1err'e·-~r-dons engaged in manufacturos-must not beadded to the general aggregates, of whIch the sum total is to be opposed. All the persons included within these columns must necessarily be included also in one of the other 

columns. Those, for inatance, between 16 and 18, will all be rcpeatA..>d in the column of those between 16 and 26. The forcigl~ers not naturaliz{''ti, and those en~ed in 

the three principal walks of Hfe, will also be included iu the columns embracmg their respecti ve ages. ]n the printt,"<l form of a scht->dule herewith inclost.'tl. the description at the top of these columns is printed in italics, and the division lines between the columl18 them.ool ves are double ruled, with a view to distinguish thern from the other columns, the sums of which are to go to the general aggregate. In preparing their ~heduies from this form, your assistants will find it useful, for convenience and accu- racy, to distinguish those columna, by ruling them with red ink, or in some other manner, which may keep them separate from the others, by a i::lc118ible impressiun 

constantly",perating upon the mind, 

Toe discrimination between peroons engaged in agriculture, eommercc, and manQfactures, will not be without iw difficulties. ","0 inc,{)1l8id~f'.llilc portion of the popu· lation will prolialily be found, the individual. of which being asked, to which of those classes they l>elong, will answer, to aU three. Yet, it is obviously not the' intention of the legiglaturc that. anyone indlviq.ual should be mcludL>d in more than of them-of those whooo occupatiuns are exdul:lively agricultural or commercial, can seldom arise a qucs:tion, and in the culumn of manufactures will lx, incluued ~ 
1830 

"SCHEDULE OF THE WHOLE NUMBER OF PERSONS" 

(18~"x16", 2 pp., printed on two sides). 

(left ), 

(right) 

--

"",,,,",of 

Cw"'y. 

r,'~!.~' To .. mIl,p. ,...., 

l"rMm'l. 

Hand,..,.), 

I)",,,,, 

-----.. --

INSTRUCTIONS TO MARSHALS-CENSUS OF 1830 

The execution of the fifth section of the act requires the further interrogatories, 

whether any person, whose usual abode was in the family on the 1st day of June, 

1830, be absent therefrom at the time of making the inquiry, and if so, the sex, agE', 

color, and condition, are to be asked and marked in the proper column, in the 

return of the family. It follows, of course, that any person, who, at the time of 

taking the enumeration of any family, has his abode in it, is, nevertheless, not to be 

included in the return of that family, if his usual place of abode, was, on the 1st da!J of 

June, i1'!' another f.amily.. ~he name of everr person, having no settled place of residence, IS to be ll1serted ll1 the column of the schedule, allotted for the heads of 

families, in the division where such person shall be on the 1st day of June, alid, of 

course, also in one of the other columns, according to the age and condition of such 

person. 

To facilitate the labor of your assistants, a printed list of all the interrogatories for 

enumeration is inclosed (No.3), in which all the questions refer to the day when 

the enumeration is to commence-the 1st d3Jy of next June. Your assistants will 

also bear in mind to include all persons of a family (except Indians not taxed) who were members thereof on the 1st day of June, 1830, whether present or not, and not· 

to include any person whose usual abode was not in the family they are enumeratil1g on the said 1st day of June. They will, of course, include such persons as may 

have deceased after that day, and will not include in it infants born after that day_ 

This, though not prescribed in express terms by the act, is the undoubted intention 

of the legislature, as manifested by the clause, providing that every person shall be 

recorded as of the family in which he or she shall resJde on the 1st day of June, 

1830. 

20 
~ 

i-' 

(face) 

(No. SCHEDULE of tb0 ",we IN .... fIlA ~ witbia tb0 dirifJiu an_ted g 

ara&!:cUW£U.:D 

1

1m I' il ..... WUI'I'l!l .. _mil, m<lLlfll!ld" -...-"' ...... lII!l!l!.rum. 1",1 ,~~------------,.------

1:!~t.111 o. "",:'''::O;:'"LlES. 'I ...... r·~ .... I,::".I.!..i.!. .. !..~.~11'!..1!. ·~I·!. ·!.·I.'!! -.--;-t~-"'I;!.-·""!...-·I '·~---'-~!..---;-~-"-;-"I·!.---;-l!.-' "I.~---;-I'!.---;-!.::.---;-I.:.-'~ ..... ,I.!'!..II.~;. :.!. ~ ~ 0_1'01 1 ::A~, "i I'~ .;,:.::.' 6 UJ 116 \!U so it) I 1'1 00 1U au .., UJU~'" 6 l@lisuDJ4@aut!$lro""I...:::JliUlw-..diOlM3eNIIW ...... % It.! .~ .. ~~ ......... '

I ". , I I I' 'I • I!-' -I '-i'--II

- :11-l-, I I ~-r; i-!--~I--~---i--!-

" :! I I I I I I I : I I ' , I 

(back) 

by tbe Manbal ottbe 

SLAVES. 

I 

Ii 

Ii 

Same as 1830 except for year. 

I I 

. I 

I 

District of 

\\ l4U&lllEIi OF PERSONS I1'IUCti VAMH.Y Ii '~:'IlMiIJ'~£1t'Ei;~~iEFt;.' ~ ! i K~PLOY~J):N 1. I ",I! ' 

....... 

INSTRUCTIONS TO MARSHALS-CENSUS OF 1840 

CI2 ~C'} 

N~ = x~ ~ 

~~ t!I!j 

NO 

'0 ~ 

'? ia3 

; ::;. t!I!j = 

~ ~ 8..= o 0 

:~ 

~ ~ 

~t!I!j 

~~ ::e 

0 

~ 

~ 

&J 

0 

~ 

..... 

00 

~ 

o 
1850 

"SCHEDULE I-FREE INHABITANTS ... " 

(12W'x17W', printed on two sides, space for 40 entries on 

each side) not reproduced here; format and content identical 

INSTRUCTIONS TO MARSHALS AND ASSISTANT 

MARSHALS-CENSUS OF 1850 

EXPLANATION OF SCHEDULE NO. l.-FREE INHABITANTS. 

This schedule is to he filled up in the following manner: Insert in the heading the name or number of the district, town, or city of the county or parish, and of the state, and the day of the month upon which the enu- meration was taken. This is to be attested on each page of each set, by the signa- ture of the assistant. The several columns are to be filled as follows: 1. Under heading 1, entitled "Dwelling houses numbered in tM order of vilrita1ion/' insert the number of dwelling houses occupied by free inhabitants, as they are VISited. The first house visited to he numhered 1; the second one visited, 2; the third one visited, 3; and so on to the last house visited in the subdivision. Bya dwelling houee is meant a separate inhabited tenement, containing one or mOre families under one roof. Where several tenements are in one block, with walls either of brick or 

wood to divide them, having separate entrance.., they are each to he numhered as separate houses; but where not so divided, they are to be numbered as one house. If a house is used partly for a store, shop, or for other purposes, and partly for a 

dwelling house, it is to be numbered as a dwel1ing house) Hotels, 'poorhouses 

garrisons, hospitals, asylums, jails, penitentiaries, and other similar·instItutions, ar~ each to be numbered as a dwelling house; where the house is of a public nature as above, write perpendicularly under the number, in said column, the name' or description, as "hotel," "poorhouse," etc. 2. U uder headin!!, ,2, entitled" Families numbered in the order oj 1riRitation," insert the number of the famlhes of free persons, as they are visited. The firRt family visited by the assistant marshal is to be numbered 1; the second one visitl'd 2' and 80 on to the l~qt one visited in his district. ' . By the term family is meant, either one person living separately in a house, or a 

part of a house, and providing for him or herself, or several persons living together 

m a house, o~ inyR.rtof ~ house, upon one c<?mmo~ I?eans of support, and ~eparately 

from others m slmllar cll'cumstanees. A WIdow hvmg alone and separately providing for herself, or 200 individuals living together and provided for by a cOmmon head should 

The resident 

each be inmates numbered of a as 

hotel, 

one family. 

jail, garrison, hospital, an asylum or 

~' 

other similar institution, should be reckoned as one family. ) 3. Under heading 3, entitled " The name of every person 1IJho,'C(e usual place of abode on the 1st day of June, 1850, wa.s in tM.s family," insert the name of every free person in each family, of every age, including the names of those temporarily absent, as well as those that were at home on that day. The name of any member of a family who 

may have died .ince the 1st day of June is to be entered and described"" if living, but the name of any person born since the 1st day of June is to be omitted. The names 

are to be written, beginning with the father and mother; or if either, or both, be dead ~gin with some other ostensible head of the family; to be followed as far as prac: hcable, with the name of the oldest child residing at home, then the next oldest and 80 on to the youngest, then the other inmates, lodgers and boarders, laborers: domestics, and servants. 

Alliandl?r~s, j~ilot;J, s~perintendents of p~)Qrhouses, garrisons, l:ospitals, asylums, and other alllular mstItutlOns, are to be conSIdered as heads of theIr respective families, and the inmates under their care to be registered as members thereof and the de~ils concerning each designated in their proper columns. ' Indians not taxed are not to be enumerated in this or any other schedule. 

By.place of ab?de is meant th~ house or usual lodging place ofa person. Anyone who IS temporarIly absent on a Journey, or for other purposes, WIthout taking up his place of reSIdence elsewhere, and with the intention of returning again is to be considered a m~mber of the familr which the as&lstant marshal is enume~ting. . Students m colleges, academIeS, or schools, when absent from the families to which 

they helong, are to he enumerated only as m,emhers of the family in which they 

usually boarded and lodged on the 1st day of June. Assistant marshals are directed to make inquiry at all stores, shops, eating houses and other similar places, an1 take the name and description of every person wh~ usually slept there, provided such person is not otherwise enumerated. Inquiries arc to he made at every dwelling house, or of the head of every family. Those only who helong to such family, and consider it their home or usual place of abode, whether present or temporarily absent on a visit, journey, or a voyage, are to be enumerated. Persons on board of vessels a<'cidentally or temporarily in port, 

those whose only habitation was the vessel to which they helong those who are temporarily boarding for a few days at a sailors' boarding or lodging house, if they 

helong to other places are not to he enumerated as the population of It place. The sailors and haods of a revenue cutter which helongs to a particular port should he ~nu,!,erated as of such port. A similar rule will apply to those employed in the naVIgatIOn of the lakes, nvera, and canals. All are to be taken at their homes or 

usual pl.aces of abode, whether present or absent; aod if any live on board of vessels or boats who are not s6 enumerated, they are to be taken as of the place where the vessel or boat is owned, licensed, or registered. And the assistant marshals are to make inquiry at every vessel and boat employed in the internal. navigation of the United 

States, and enumerate those who are not taken as belonging to a family on shore' and all persons of such description in anyone vesseJ are to be considered as belonging 

to one family and the vessel their place of abode. The assistants in all seaports will 

with 1860 schedule, except that the 1850 schedule did not 

contain the inquiry on value of personal estate. 

22 

apply at the proper office for lists of all persons on a voyage at sea and register all CltlzellS of the United States who have not heen registered as belonging to some 

family. . Errors necessarily occurred in the last census in enumerating those employed in 

navigation, hecause no uniform rule was adopted for the whole United States. Assistant marshals are required to he particular in following the above directions, that similar errors may now he avoided. 

4. Under heading 4, entitled HAge," insert in figures what was the specific age of each person at his or her last birthday previous to the 1st of June, opposite the name df such person. If the exact age in years can not be ascertained, Insert a number 

which shall he the nearest approximatIon to it. The age, either exact or estImated, of everyone, is to be inserted. If the person be a child under 1 yeAlr old, the entry is to be made by the fractional parts of a year, thus: One month, one-twelfth; two months, two-twelfths; three months, three-twelfths, and 80 on to eleven months, eleven-twelfths. 5. Under headi:ng 5, entitled "Sex," insert the letter M for male, and Ii' for female, 

opposite the name, in all cases, as the fact IDay be. 6. Under heading 6, entitled" Color," in all cases where the person is white, leave the space blank; in all cases where the person is black, insert the letter B; if mulatto, insert M. It is very desirable that these particulars be carefully regarded. 7. Under head 7, entitled "Profes!!Um, octJUpation, or trade of each person over 15 years of age, J' insert opposite the name of each male the specific profession, occupa~ 

tion, or trade which the said person is known and reputed to follow in the place where he resides--as clergyman, physician, lawyer, shoemaker, student, farmer, car- penter, laborer, tailor, boatman, sailor, or otherwise, as the fact may be. When 

more convenient, the name of the article he produces may be substituted. When the individcal is a clergyman, insert the initials of the denomination to which 

he helongs hefore his profession-as Meth. for Methodist, R. C. for Roman Catholic, O. S. P. for Old School Presbyterian, or other appropriate initials, as the fact may be. When a person follows several professions or occupations the name of the principal one only is to be given. If a person follows no particular occupation, the space IS to be :filled with the word 'I none." 8. Under heading 8 insert the value of real estate owned by each individual 

ennmerated. You are to obtain the value of real estate by inquiry of each individual 

who is supposed to own real estate, he the same located where it may, and insert th" amount in dollars. No abatement of the value is to be made on account of any lien or incumbraoce thereon in the nature of debt. 9. Under heading 9, "Place of birth." The marshal should ask the place of birth of each person in the family. If born in the State or Territory where they reside insert the name or initials of the State Or Territory, or the name of the government or country if without the United States. The names of the several States may he abbreviated. Where the place of birth is unknown, state 1/ unknown." 10. Under No. 10 make a mark, or dash, opposite the name of each person married 

during the year previous to the 1st of June, whether male or female. 11. Under heading 11, entitled" At school within tM last year." The marshal should ask what member of this family has heen at school within the last year; he is to insert a mark, thus, (1), opposite the names of all those, whether male or female, who 

have been at educational institutions within that period. Sunday schools are not to he included. 

12. Under heading 12, entitled "Persons over 20 years of age who can not read and wrile." The marslial should be careful to note all persons in each family, over 20 years of age, who ('..an not read and write, and opposite the name of each make a mark, thus, (11' The spaces opposite the names of those who can read and write are to he left bank. If the person can read aod write a foreign language, he i8 to he considered as able to read and write. 13. Heading 13, entitled" Deaf and dumb, blind, insane, idiotic, pauper, or convict." The assistant marshal should ""certain if there be any person III the family deaf dumb, idiotic, blind, insane, or pauper. If so, "!ho? And insert the term "deaf and dumb," "blind," II insane," and "idiotic," opposite the name of such persons, as the fact may be. When persons who had been convicted of crime within the year reside in families on the 1st of June, the fact should he stated, as in the other cases of criminals; but, as the interrogatory might give offense, the a&.;;istants had hetter refer to the county record for information on this head, and not make the inquiry of any family. With the county record and his own knowledge he can seldom err. Should a poorhouse, asylum for the blind, insane or idiotic, or other charitable insti- tution, or a penitentiary, a jail, house of refuge, orother,Place of punishment, be visited by the assistant. marshal, he must numher Buch buildmg in its regular order, and he must write after the numher, and perpendicularly in the same column (No.1) the nature of such institution-that it IS a penitentiary, jail, house of refuge, aa the case may he; and in column 13, opposite the name of each person, he must state the character of the infirmity or misfortune, in the one case, and in the other he must 

state the crime for which each inmate is confined, aod of which such person w"" 

convicted; and in column No.3, with the name, give the year fof conviction and 

fill all the columns concerning age, sex, color, etc., with as much care as in th~ c.aoo of other individuals. 
"SCHEDULE 2-SLA VE INHABITANTS .. ," 

(12W'x17W', printed on two sides, space for 40 entries on each side) 

. , enwnemted by me, on the day (If . 

in the County (If 

, 1860. 

Ii 

I-----------------~--I-~---I--~--I---!I-----II 

EXPLANATION OF SCHEDULE 2-SLAVE INHABITANTS. 

This schedule is to be filled t!P in the following manner: Insert in the heading the number or name of the district, town, city, and the 

county or parish, and of the state in which the slave inhabitants enumerated reside, 

and the day of the month upon which the enumeration was taken. This is to be 

attested on each page of each set, by the signature of the assistant marshal. The 

several columns are to be filled up as follows: 

1. Under heading 1, entitled "Name oj slaveholders," insert, in proper order, the names of the owners of slaves. Where there are several owners to a slave, the name of one only need be entered, or when owned by a corporation or trust estate, the name of the trustee or corporation. 

2. Under heading 2, entitled "Number of slaves," insert, in regular numerical 

order, the number of all the slaves of both sexes and of each age, belonging to such owners. In the case of sla'les, numbers are to be substituted for names. The num- ber of every slave who usually resides in the district enumerated is to be entered, 

although he may happen to be temporarily absent. The slaves of each owner are to be numbered separately, beginnin~ at No.1, and a separate description of each is to 

be given. The person in whose famIly, or on whose plantation, the slave is found to 

be employed, is to be considered the owner-the principal object being to get the num- ber of slaves, and not that of masters or owners. 3. Under heading 3, entitled "Age," insert, in figures, the specific age of each 

slave opposite the number of such slave. If the exact age can not be ascertained, 

insert a number which shall be the nearest approximation to it. The age of every 

slave, either exact or estimated, is to be inserted. If the slave be a child which, on the 1st of June, was under 1 year old, the entry is to be made by fractional parts of a year; thus, one month old, one-twelfth; two months, two-twelfthcl; three months, 

three-twelfths; eleven months, eleven-twelfths; keepmg ever in view, in all cases, 

that the age must be estimated at no later period than the 1st of June. 

4. Under heading 4, entitled" Sex," insert the letter M for male, and F forfemale, 

opposite the number, in all cases, as the fact may be. 

5. Under heading 5, entitled" Color," insert,<in all cases, when the slave is black, 

the letter B; when he or she is a mulatto, insert M. The color of all slaves should 

be noted. , 6. Under heading 6 insert, in figures, opposite the name of the slave owner, the 

number of slaves who, having;absconded WIthin the year, have not been recovered. 

7. In column 7, insert opposite the name of the former owner thereof, the number 

of slaves manumitted withm the year. The name ofthe person i8 to be given, although 

at the time of the enumeration such person may not have held slaves on the 1st of 

June. In such case, no entry is to be made in column No.2. 

8. Under heading 8, entitled" Deaj and dumb, blind, insane, or idiotic," the assistant should ascertain if any of these slaves be deaf and dumb, blind, insane, or idiotic; 

and if 80, insert opposite the name or number of such slave, the term deaf and 

dumb, blind, insane, or idiotic, as the fact may be. If slaves be found imprisoned 

convicts, mention the crime in column 8, and the date of conviction before the number 

in the vacant space below the name of the owner. The convict slaves should be 

numbered with the other slaves of their proper owner. 

23 
1860 

"SCHEDULE I-FREE INHABITANTS ... " 

(I 2W'x17W', printed on two sides, space for 40 entries on each side) 

(left) 

1 

39 

40 

1 

State of 

Inhabitants in ----------------"---~/ 

enumerated by met on the -------

Post Office -----------

I 0) • ",,s::: g CD...p -..-I 

;gp~ 

O'r-I:~ 

tIl "O.~ Wl<llPf'l1il'(3 

;.:::,of...l 

""'S<ll ;::J'8 

(:If:iO 

1 

"0 ..... 0)0 

H 

O)H 

.c~ S H • pog 

1'1 .... "'<ll+' 

.::g,s:::~ 

~ -?J';j S f:i .... ~ ..... ;>-

f.i:.! 

2 

The name of every person whose 

usual place of abode on the first 

day of June, 1860, was in this 

family. 

DESCRIPTION. 

6 

Profession, Occupation, or lCrade 

each person, male and 

over 15 years'of age. 

I=====!====I===================I=======--_I==o==~~~~====~,===~ 

I---i--"----"----·---------I----------I----------------,---~/ 

No. white maleg, ___ No. oolored lllIil.oo,~, __ ~ No. blind, _. __ _ 

No. white females. ____ :No. oolored female!l, __ ' No. doof lind dlImb,---- No. Insane. 

"SCHEDULE 2-SLAVE INHABITANTS ... " 

(l2W'x 17W', printed on two sides, space for 40 entries on 

each side) not ireproduced here; identical with 1850 Schedule 

2 - Slave Inhabitants, except for added ninth column, 

number of slave houses. 

INSTRUCTIONS TO MARSHALS AND ASSISTANT MARSHALS--CENSUS OF 1800 

Generally followed 1850. 

24 
"SCHEDULE I-FREE INHABITANTS ... "-Continued 

(right) 

Value of 

Real Estate. 

Value of 

Personal 

Estate. 

--~-----------

8 9 

Page No. 

of ---------_ 

Place of Birth, 

N aruing the State, Territory, 

or Country. 

----------------------

10 11 12 13 14 

=========I===c-=~~ ___________ _ 

I------------i----·-·---I----------------~----I----·----

No. idlotlc, ___ _ 

No. collvlcts, __ _ 

25 

1800 

1 

39 

40 
1870 

"SCHEDULE I-INHABITANTS .. ." 

(l2W'x17Yz", printed on two sides, space for 40 entries on each side) 

(left) 

Page No. ___ ~} __ Inqniries "1IlIlbored 7, 16, ... d 17 are not to 001 

SCHEDULE I.-Inhabitants In ------1 

of , enumerated by me on the __ ~~ 

Post Office: ~ 

1 

The name of e'l'ery person wbOlre 

plrwe of abode on the lim day of 

June, 1810, WlUJ in tbis family. 

INSTRUCTIONS TO ASSISTANT MARSHALS. 

SCHEDULE I.-INHABITANTS. 

or:e~mr!~~h~~)~~W~~e h~U:~shi;~ :::~~r~ :il~a~I~(~~~~J ~1~~i~~~vr~~01~~ pleted, when a new numbering will begin, 118 is the C!llie with the numbering of pagt',s. 

Dwelling l/Qu.~e.~.-By "dwelling house" is meant a house standing alone, or sepa- rated by walls from other hOUSe..9 in a block. Only such buildings are to be reckoned as dwelling houses as have OC>ell used as the entire habitation of a family. But houses only temporarily uninhabited are to be returned and numbered in order. In that case a dash, thus (-), will be drawn thl'Ough column No.2, and the remaining 

:h~~r:r o~bli~~~~e~s~e~ h~;~~~~e i~~~~ E~~r~~hl~lf;r~~d~:' aa:h~~r:;~o~:lir~l~ be regarded 8.9 single dwelling houses for the purposes of the census. The character of such establishments should be written longitudinally in the column. 

ott~i;fa;~~;eit!ie~'h~~~~:!~·,-~I~O~~ =,~Yp~r;!i;i~P:rc~~~ ~~1I~~;~~ i~:~d~~ for habitation. Careful inquiry will be made to include this class and such buildings will be reckoned as dwelling houses within the intention of the census law; but a watchman, or clerk belonging to a family resident in the same town or city, and sleep" 

ing in such store or shop merely for purposes of security, will be enumerated as of his family. 

Familus.--By "family" (column 2) is meant one or more persons Hving together and provided for in common. A single persOll, living alone in a distinct part of a 

house, may eonstitnte a family; while, on the other hand, all the inmates of a board- ing house or a hotel will eonstitute bnt a single family, though there may be among them many husbands with wives and children. Under whatever circumstances, and in whatever numbers, people live together under one roof, and arc provided for at a common table, there is a family in the meaning of the law. Names of illdi1Jidu(lL.<:.-In column :~ will be entered the name of every person in eaeh family, of whatever age, induding the namesoi snch as were tempoI"'.;trily absent 

~ii~:l\~e;,~t~~{ tY;/;~rt~i;:~· J l~!~~~ ~l~;~~ ~~d~h~l~e~~~~r ~i;:l~~~~~!r :~71>~~a~rs }~~:i~ ioS to be enu~red, and the person fully described, as if living; but the name of any person born during that period iH to be omitted. Thf~ name of the father, mother, or other ostemnble head of the family (in the ea..'3(~ of hotels, jails, ete., the landlord, 

jailor, etc.) is to be enten~d first of the family. The family naIne is to be written first in the column, and the full ji1"Bt or clwracleristic Christian or "given" name of eaeh memher of the family in order thereafter. So long as the family name remains the same for the sev(~ral memberH it need not be repeated, providl."<1 a clear horizontal line be drawn in the place it would occupy, thus: 

Smith, .John. ~~ Elizabeth. 

Place of abode.-·-By "place of abode" is meant the house or u.<;ual lodging place. All persons temporarily absent OIl journey or visit are to be counted as of the family; but ehi]dr(~n and youth abHent for purposp~" of education on the 1st of June, and hav- ing their honl{~ in a family where the school or college is situated, will be enumerated at the latter plac\" 

Heafaring Illell are to be reported at their land homc.'>, no matter how long they may have been abs('nt, if they are supposed to be still alive. Hence, sailors tempo- rarIly at a Hailors' boarding or lodging house, if they acknmvledge any olher }wnw within 

26 

Profeeeion, Occuplltion, 

or Trade of each pemon, 

male 01' female. 

7 

the Un#ed c'iatcs, are not t? b~ included in the ~amily of the lodging or hoarding house. Persons engaged m mternal transportatlOn~ canal men, expressmen rail. road men, etc., if they habitually return to their homes in the intervals of their'occu- pation, will be reported as of their families, and not where they may be temporarily staying on the 1st of June. 

PISHSONAL DESClUPTION. 

Columns 4, 5, and 6 must, in every ca..~e, be filled with the age, sex, 01' color of the person enumerated. No return will be accepted when these spaces are left blank. Ages.-The exact age, in figureR, will be inserted in column 4, wherever the same can be obtained; otherwise, the nearest approximation thereto. Where the age is a matter of considerable doubt, the assistant marshal may make a note to that effect. Children, who, on the 1st of June, 1870, were less than a year old, will have their age stated by the fractional part of tlw year, as (one month) 1-12, (three months) 3-12 

(nine months) 9·12, etc. In all other cases, months will be omitted. The age take~ 

is the age at last birthday. Color.-It must not. be aflsumed that, where nothing is written in this column "White)1 is to be understood. The column is always to be filled. Be particularly careful in reporting the class Mulatto. The word is here generic, and includes quad- roons, octoroollS, and all persons having any perceptible traee 0f African blood. Important scientific result.s depend upon the correet determination of this class in schedules 1 and 2. (For reporting occupation, see remarks at the close of the instructions in regard to this schedule.) 

Property.-Column 8 will contain the value of all real enumerated, without any deduction on account of whether within or without the census subdivision or is the full market value, known or cRtimated. "Personal eHtate," column H, is to be inclusive of all bonds, stocks, mortgages, notes, live stock, plate, jewels, or fnrniture, but exclusive of wearing apparel. No report will be made w hen the personal property is nnder $100. 

Column 10 will cont.ain the "Flace of birth" of every person named upon the schedule. If horn within the Unit.ed States, the State or Territory will be named, whether it be the St.ate or Territory in which the person is at present residing or not. 

~r~~nf:~~~ia~e~lr~;i~i~ ~!?~~~l[e ~~1~c~e ~fa{~~~31~i~~~r~a~ZS~Jl~:81~~~tri,n~e~~1~~ land, Sr,otland, Wales. Instead of" Germany," specify the State, as Prussia, Baden, 

Bavaria, Wurttemburg, lIesse Darmstadt, etc. 

The inquiries in columns numbered 11, 12, 15, 16, 17, 19, and 20 are of snch a nature that theBe Goillmns only require to be filled when the answer to the inquiry !8 "Yes." If the person being eJ~umcrated ha{! a father or mother of foreign birth; If he or she attended school dunng: the year; If he or she can not read or can not write;.i~ he is!l c~tizen of the,unite:ei StateH a.bove, the age of 21 years, and if, being sneh GltIzen, Ius rlght to vote lH demed or almdgC{1 on other grounds than participa- tion in rebellion or other crime, then an affirmative mark, thus, (/), \yill be drawn in each of the above eolumns oppoHite the name. Bducalion.·-lt will not do to assume that, because a person ean read, he therefore, write. The inquiries eontfLined in coillmns 16 and 17 must be separately. Very many persons who will e1aim to be aole to read, though 

rf'zlly do so in the most defective manner, will frankly admit that they 'ean wriu~. '1'ho,.'>e inquiries will not be asked of children under 10 vears of age. regard to all persons above that agt-~, children or adults, male and female information will be obtained. ' 

At school.-lt is not int.end<:,,,.l to include t.hose whose edu('..at.ion has been limited to Sunday or evening Bchools. 
"'SCHEDULE I-INHABITANTS ... " -Continued 

(right) 

pea! and dumb, Bhn~, In,sane, or ldiotic.-Great care will be taken in performing thlS work of enUJ;neratlon, so as at once ,to se,cure compl~teness an.d av~:)}~ giving offense. Total blindness and undoubted lIlsamty only are mtended m tins Inquiry. Deafness merely, without the loss of speech, is not to be reported. The fact of idiocy will be better determined by the common consent of the neighborhood, than by 

attempting to apply any Scietltific measure to the weakness of the mind or will. • 

CONSTITUTIONAL RELATIONS. 

Upon the answers to the question@. under this head will depend the distribution of representative power in the General Government. It is therefore imperative that thIS part of the enumeration should be performed with absolute accuracy. Every male person born within the United Stares, who has attained the age of 21 years is a citizen of the Unired States by the force of the Fourteenth Amendment to th~ 

Confltitution; also, all persons born out of the limits and jurisdiction of the United States, whose fathers at the time of their birth were citizens of the United States (act of February 10, 1855); also, all persons born out of the limits and jurisdiction of the United States, who have been declared by judgment of court to have been duly naturalized, having taken out both 'I papers. I> 

Tl!e.part of the enumeTator's duty whi.ch relatR..s to column l~ is therefore easy, but It is none the less of IIllPortance. It IS a matrer of more delicacy to obtain the information required by column 20. Many persons never try to vote, and therefore do not know whether their right to vote is or is not abridged. It is not only those whose votes have actually been challenged, and refused at the polls for some disabil~ 

ity or want of qualification, who must be reported in this column; but all who come 

0~~~Y ~~e :~i~th~ral;;'o~~:I ih:n d~~~;i~fp~~i~~r1~g~~gei\\~~~g~rtle:I ~~~igti~~d~f 

~~:e~w:S~~t~\h:~ea~~s~~~I:,f~~d ~i!:f~eth~~~e~;:.f~lrh~ ~ed~f t~:c~:al: citizen of the United States above the age of 21 years, whether he does or does not come within one of these classes. ' As the fifteenth amendment to the Constitution, prohibiting the exclusion from the suffrage of any person on account of race, color, or previous condition of servi~ 

tude, has become the law of the land, all State laws working such exclusion have ceased to be of virtue. If any person is, in any State, still practically denied the right to vote by rea.'l.on of any such State laws not repealed, that denial is merely an act of violence, of which the courts may have cOl!nizance, but which does not come within the view of marshals and their assistants In respect to the census. Indians.-" Indians not taxed" are not to be enumerated on schedule 1. Indians out of their tribal relations, and exercising the rights of citizens under State or Terri- toriallaws, will be jncluded. In all cases write" Ind." in the column for" Color." 

Although no provision is made for the enumeration of "Indians not taxed," it is highly desirable, for statistical purposes, that the number ot such persons not living upon reservations should be known. Assistant marshals are therefore requeated where Buch persons are found within their subdivisions, to make a separate memo~ 

randum of names, with sex and age, and embody the same in a special report to the census office. Occupation.-The inquiry, "Profession, occupation, or trade," is one of the most important questions of thIS schedule. Make a study of it. Take special pains to avoid unmeaning tmIDs, or such as are too general to convey a definite idea of the 

occupation. Call no man a "factory hand n or a "mill operative." State the kind of a mill or factory. The better form of expression would be, "works in cotton 

~~~~.~ ~:~;:kei;llll~P:~l~y:~l'~o~ic~r ;h~~i;lC:I~~~ft~l~o';)~holfnl::~~':~~ ~~o(~~af~~)' '~ 

bOD~ a~~ts~I~~1~a~1~2~~oS:J ,~j~weler" to those who make wakhes, watch chains or jewelry in large manufacturing (>stablishments. ' 

27 

1 

Call no man a "commissioner," a "collector," an "agent," an I<artist," an "over- seer," a "professor," a "treasurer," a "contractor," or a "speeulatol'," without f{u'- ther explanation. 

When boys are entered as apprentices, state the trade they are apprenticed to, as "ap'henticed to carpenter," 'Iapothecary's apprentice." 

sa~" ~~t~~dli~y!r:~e~,c;~~i~~da :~::~t::l~i;;e~t~~as Di;:[~:u~~hm b~~!~!~e fio:e b~~~nlif~ insurance agents. 

When clerks are returned, describe them as Ifclerk in store" I'clerk in woolen mill," I'R. R. clerk," "bank clerk," et.c. /,\' 

Describe no man as a "mechanic" if it is possible to deeCJ-ipe him more accurately. 

Distinguish between stone masons and brick masons. \._--' Do not call a bonnet. maker a bonnet manufacturer, a lace maker a lace manufac- turer, a chocolate maker a ehocolate manufacturer. Reserve the term manufaeturel' for proprietors of establishments; always give the branch of manufaeture. Whenever merchants or traders can be reported under a single word expressive of their special line, "grocer," it should be done. Otherwise, say dry goods mer· chant, coal dealer, 

Add, in all cases, dass of business, a'S wholesale (wh.), retail (ret.),importer 

(imp.), jobber, etc. Use the word huckster in all cases where it applies. Be verr particular to distinguish between farmers and farm laborers. In agricul-

~~;~~ra1y~Odir~l~~s;i~oa~l~n~io~~e of t.he points to which the assistant marshal should 

Confine the URe of t.he words "glover," II hatter," and "furrier" to those who actually make, or nH~,ke up, in their own establishments, all, Of a part, of the gloves and hats or furs WhICh they sell. Those who only sell these articles should be char~ 

acterir.ed as I'glov:e dealer," II hat and cap dealer," "fur dealer." 

Judges (state whether Federal or State, :W.hether probat.e, police, or otherwise) may be assumed to be lawyers, and that addltIon, therefore, need not be given; but all othero.ffi<:ials should have their profession designated, if they have any, as" retired , merchant, governor of Massachusetts," "paper manufacturer, representative in legis .. lature." If anyt~ing i~ t9 be ?mitted, l~a-,:,e out the offiee, a~d putin the occupation. 

butde:~" ~tc~osslble dlstmgUlsp. machullsts, as 1'locomot.Ive builders," "engine 

Instead of saying "packers," indicate whether you mean "pork pfU.;kers" or "erockery packers," or "mule packers." 

The organization of domestic service has not ~roceeded so this country as to 

~~dl~!re!tcws~::~~l~l~.i,l( to make distinction in t e character work. Report all as 

do~;s~f~ ~~~~~. etc., in hotels and restaurants will be reported separately from 

The term" housekeeper" will be reserved for such persons as receive distinctwagf'.s or salary for the service. Women keeping house for their own families or for them- s~lves, without any ~t~er g'ainful ?ccupation, will ~e entered as" keeping house." Grown daughters asslstmg them WIll be reported Without occupation. 

If r~~~en~~~:ll fr~t~Wf~1bi~0~hOatgf:is~fihdn:~:s:h~~)~~i~~ej,u:;ld9 ~~~::tt!~i:~sl~t~ profession accordingly. 

The inquiry as to occupation will not be a.sked in respect to infants or children too young to take any part in production. Neither will the dOirlg of domestic errands ?rfamily ChOrf>Aq out of school be considered an occupation, " At horne" or "attend- mg school" will b~ the ~est entry in the majority of cases. But if a boyar girl, whatever the age,. IS earIll.n~ rn~ney regul~rly by lab?r, contributing to the family 

~~;r~C;ul~ ~p::;!f.ly asslstmg In mechamcal or agrIcultural industry, the occupa1870 
~ 

00 

E 

In Cities. 

~ 

~ 

i/O 

'0 

" c 

Z 

" E 

;;. 

"'" '" " o 

c 

o 

E 

~ 

~ 

" 

Z:; 

" 

;:; 

~ 

.=> 

E 

~ m 

" " o 

.., 

~D 

-; 

6 

1 

.~ 

;:; 

~ 

'0 

'" " 

] 

E 

~ ~ 

~ 

'6 

.:: 

2 

.. 

/'/~/ 

Not~ A.-The Census Year begins June 1, 1879, and ends May 31, 188~ Note B.-All persons will be included in the Enumeration who we;e-~ 

June 1, 1880 win be OMITTED. Members of Families ~ Note C.-Questions Nos_ 13, 14, 22 and 23 are not to be asked in respe~ 

. thl 

enumerated me _________________________ ~ 

W 

.------------.,--1\1

1

-. -re~on~,I---· ---1

1

------------1--.-- ·I---~I -.. -. Occupation. =w , DescnpHI)tl. ______.~ 

iJ' ~ I I I ~ ~ II J i 5 I 11 ! ~ 

Th,' :-::!!l1;~ of (·adl 

:dh)dt\, on 1 '>t 

in 

3 

lid -" ;:; 

. ;. 

g 

6 I I § ~ / / ~ £ r;;i .-C:: ~ 'I I ]~ 'n // 

I ~ ~-;:; ,- I I '" // wht'lse pi.l.cp. of I' ~ == .- ~.o. , ,. II .c / / 

l~SO, \\IL'I : ~ .= E :; I '~I. "" g %;: .: ~ ,5 ~ ! ': A .: II I'roresslOn, OCCllpRtion or Trade 01 e / / ~ ~ . -: 2 VI' It ! --=;; c,~ch pCft30n. male or female. ~ . / / • ... c .~ " I Q ~,I ~ / / ~ c: '=:: ~ ~ '': II .~~// ...::: ~ 0..= .:.,. 0 ;; I '";: >t./ / ~ E ~'!: U , ~ &' w ~ •• 0 -'i::: ~ 1 A:.,. II -" ~'/j 

;i "" -=; ::: I '"I: =i;// .; ,:;,~" .= 1"- :: , aU / / 

.:;..: s: .: "'. .2 :" F..:: -= .; 'vi"" 

, ':' I,,; "=' I I ... 0 1!~ ~%;: "...... ~ _ t!l 1 -::l <:) '"=' ,.. 

I ~ ~ ~,: E <S I'~ I ~ ," ,II I ~,::/ / :...::; .j ~ ~ 0 T - .2 :- I a ~// 

~.:: ~ ~~ ~ .=.o I ~ off: .§ d I :;l';/ / U <n -< .... ~~L~_ ~II _~ 

4. :;, G 7 , __ ._~ .. ,--vJ:~!~ ~_~ll 13 14 ~ 

" w u U//// /Zij//(/ '" ~ //~<~~~~:/~:~-~~~/o:'.~ ''',1 J I ~~" I I I I II ~ 

No~ NIJTE 

Non: 

F'.-Q!!e~li()!1 

D.-I" 

E.-Que~timl m,k'" •• No. 

,,"'eo 

14 

12 .will 

will 

'" 

unly 

"1,,,,,", 

b" 

!lske(l 

asked 

9, 10, 

ill 

in 

lI, 

caSeS 

ca'es 

l2, 16 

when 

where 

'? 23, 

a 

an 

gainful 

'" 

affirm!),!;ve 

"',m'" 

"p(;!lr~!iO!\ 

"m"k 

nml\ver 

has 

jm3 

ooly 

been 

he~ll wiil 

repm·tea 

given 

b. ".1-, 

either 

in column 

",," 

to 

/. 

q"""tioll 

13, 

, "'". 

10 

'" 

or 

.,,, 

to question 

,~"fd'"oIT", H. "'~"', ~~ ~ 

~ 

NOT!~ G.-In in thl! nrune ?f lilt! 1l1Oillh UJay U!! M Dec. -:/'/:, 
"SCHEDULE I-INHABITANTS ... " -Continued 

Is the pcrMo [on tho Jay of the f.nurueras tor's visit] sick or temporarily didabl('df 

fill as to be uuahle to att~nd to ortlinary 

businel'l8 or duties? 

If SOl wtlO.t jr.; the BickB 

HeS8 or disabili~y? 

Ii) 

Ii 

.~ 

~ -" :; 

<. 

0 

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~ 

il 

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:< 

No othe('s will. Children BORN SINCE 

"-

",,-

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22 

............. , State of ............... ! ....................... . 

"-

" 

~ 

I

, PI.eo or Dirth of this pCl'j>On, namin~ State or Terrhory .of U n j ted S t R. tefl., or 1110 

I Country, if of (orolgn birth. 

29 

I'lac. of llirth or the "·ArHr.nof'thill~r.: 

8.0119 fltuulng the St~t('l ·o~ Torritory of Vnitt.-d Stateg,or th. Coulltry,if of (o,olgll birth. 

1800 
1800 

DUTIES OF ENUMERATORS. 

It is by law made the duty of each enumerator, after being duly qualified llBabove to visit personally eMh dwelling in his subdivision, and each family therein, and 

each individual Iivin~ out of a family in any place of abode, and by inquiry made of 

the head of such famlly, or of the member thereof deemed most credible and worthy 

of trust, or of such individual living out of a family, to obtain each and every item 

of information and all the particulars required by the act of March 3, 1879, IlB 

amended by Mt of April 20, 1880. By indivlduals living out of families is meant all persons occupying lofts in public buildings, above stores, warehouses, factories, and stables, baving no other usual 

plMe of abode; persons living solitary in cabins, huts, or tents; persons sleeping on river boats, canal boats, bar~e8, etc., having no other usual place of abode, and perSons in police stations havmg no homes. Of the clllBses just mentioned, the most important, numerically, is the first, viz: those persons, chiefly in cities, who occupy fooms in public buildings, or above stores, warehouses, factories, and stables. In 

order to reach such persons, the enumerator will need not only to keep his eyes open to all indications of such casual residence in his enumeration district, but to make 

inquiry both of the parties occupying the business portion of such buildings and also 

of the police. A letter will be addressed from this office to the mayor of every 

large city of the United States, requesting the cooperation of the police, so far IlB It 

may be necessary to prevent the omission of the clllBBes of persons herein indicated. 

It is further provided by law that in case no person shall be found at the usual 

pllWe of abode of such family, or individual living out of a family, competent to answer the inquiries made in compliance with the requirements of the act, then it 

shall be lawful for the enumerator to obtain the required inform~tion, IlB nearly as may be prIWticable, from the family or families, or person or persons, living nearest to Buch plMe of abode. 

It is the prime object of the enumeration to obtain the name, and the requisite particulars as to personal description, of every person in the United States, of whatever 

age, sex, color, race, or condition, with thIS single exception, viz: that "IndiallE not taxed" shall be omit«ld from the enumeration. 

INDIANS. 

By the phrase" Indians not taxed .. is meant Indians living on reservations under 

the care of Government agents, or roaming individually, or in bands, over unsettled 

trlWts of country. 

Indians not in tribal relations, whether full-bloods or half-breeds, who are found 

mingled with the white population, residing in white. families, engaged IlB servants or laborers or living in huts or wigwams on the outsklrts of towns or settlements are to be reiarded IlB a part of the ordinary population of the country for the constitutional purpose of the apportionment of Representatives among the States, and "re to be embrlWed in the enumeration. 

SOLDIERS. 

All soldiers of the United States Army, and civilian em.ployeea, and other residents at ~sts or on military reservations will be enumerated in the district in which they 

remde, equally with other elements of the population. 

COURTESY ON THE PART OF ENUMERATORS. 

It is the duty of an enumerator, in the exercise of his authority to visit houses and 

interrogate members of families resident therein R8 provided by law, to use great 

courtesy and consideration. A rude, peremptory, or overbeari,:,g. demeanor wonld not only be a wrong to the families visi\ed, but wo?-Id work an. mJ?ry to th.e cen':'ll" 

by rendering the membem of those famlhes less dlsposed to glve mformatlOn wlth 

fullness and eXMtness. It would doubtless be found in the long run to be an injury to the enumerator himself and to retard his work. 

By the above remark it is not intended to imply that the em;merator need enter into prolix explanations, or give time to anythmg beyond the strictly neceaaary work 

of interrogation. It is el;tirely possible/or the epumerat?r to.be prompt, rapld, and 

decisive in announcing hls obJect and his authonty, and m gomg through the w~ole 

list 01 questions to be proposed, and at the same tlIDe not to arouse any antagomslll or ~ve any offense. 

THE OBLIGATION TO GIVE INFORMATION. 

It is not within the choice of any inhabitant of the United States whether he .hall or shall not communicate the information required by the census law. By the fourteenth section of the act approved March 3, 1879, it is provided: 

"That each and every person more than twenty years of age, belonging to any 

family residing in any enumeration district, and in case of the absence of the heads 

and other members of any such family, then any agent of such family, shall be, and 

each of them hereby is, required, if thereto requested by the superintendent, supervisor or enumerator to render a true account, to the best of his or her knowledge, of ev~ry person belo{,ging to such family in the various particulars required by law, 

and whoever shall willfully fail or refuse .hall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon 

conviction thereof shall forfeit and pay a sum not exceeding one hundred dollars." 

Enumerators will, however, do well not unnecessarily to obtrude the compUlsory 

feature of the enumeration. It will be found in the VllBt majority of cases that the 

persons called upon to give information will do 80 without Objection or delay. No 

people in the world are 80 favorably disposed toward the work of the census IlB the 

people of the Uuited States. With the high degree of popular intelligence here 

existing, the importance of stati~tical inf?rma~ion is y~ry gen~rally appreciated; apd if the enumerator eutem upon hlB work m a right spmt, he W1ll generally meet wlth a favorable and even a cordial response. 

It is only'where information required by law is refused that the penalties for non- compliance need be adverted to. :rhe en?merator will tJ:en q,?etly, b.ut firmly, 

point out the consequences of persistency m refuaal. It WIll be mstructive to note that at the census of 1870 the agents of the census in only two or three instances 

throughout the whole Uuited States found it necessary to resort to the courts for the 

enforcement of the obligation to give information R8 required by the census act. H is further to be noted that the enumerator is not required tn Mcept answers which he knows or has reason to believe, are false. He has a right to a true state- ment on every ";"'tter respecting which he is bound to inljuire; and he is not con- cluded by a false statement. Should any person persist in making statements which are obviously erroneous the enumerator should enter upon the schedule the flWts IlB 

nearly as he can asce~n them by his own observation or by inquiry 01 credihle 

peTh:l~regoing remark i~ of ~pecial !mportance with refer<;nce to the statements of 

the heads of families re8pecting afih<:ted members of the~r househ?l?a. 11).e ~w 

requires a retum in the case 01 each bhnd, deaf and dumb, msane or ldlOtiC,. or cnppled person. It not infrequently happens that fathers a.nd mothers, ?'P"c~l!y the 

latter are dis~ to conceal or even to deny, the e:"'stence of such mfirmlties on the ~rt of chlldren. In BUcll' ':"""""1 if the fact.is person.ally known to the enumera- tor or shall be ascertained by mqmry from llClghbors, It should be entered on the 

schedules equally as if obtained from the head of the fanuly. 

30 

A second clllBB of cases under this head concerns the reporting of the values produced in agricultural or other occupations. The enumerator i. not bound by any statement which he knows or has reHBOn to believe to be false. His duty is to report 

the Mtual flWts IlB nearly IlB he can aooertain them. 

The enumerator is prohibited by law from delegating to any other person hiB 

authority to enter dwellings and to interrogs~ their inhabitants. The work of 

enumeration must be done by the enumerator m person, and can not be performed 

by proxy. 

ScHEnULE No. 1 [7-296).-l'OPULATION. 

This is the population or family schedule. Deon it is to be entersd, IlB previously 

noted, the name of every man, woman, and ,i'hl!d ~ho, on UU! 1st da¥ of.Ju~, 1880, 

shall have bis or her" usual place of abode wlthm the enumerator B dlBtnct. No 

child bom between the 1st day of June, 1880, and the day of the enumerator'. visit 

(say June 5 or 15 or 25) is to be entered upon the schedule. On the other hand, 

every person who WIlB a resident of the district uron the 1st day of June, 1880, but 

between that date and the day of the enumerator s visit shall have died, should be 

entered on the schedule precisely IlB if still living. The object of the schedUle iB to obtain a list of the inhabitants.on the 1st of June, 1880, and all changes after 

that date, whether in the nature of gain or of lOBS, are to be elisregarded in the 

enumeration. 

DWELLING HOUSES, 

In column No. 1 of this schedule is to be entered the number of the dwelling 

house in the order of visitation. A dwelling house, for the purpose of the census, means any building o~ place of !,bod~, ?f whatever ~harlWter, material, or structure, 

in which any person lS at the Ilme hvmg, whether III a room above a warehouse or flWtory, a loft above a ~table or a wigwa!ll on the outskirts of a settlement, equaPy 

with a dwelling house m the usual, ordmary sense of that term. Wholly umn- habited dwellings are not to be taken notice of. 

FAMILIES. 

In the column numbered 2 is to be entered the number, in the order of visitation, 

o! each family residing i,;, the district. The. word family" for the pur~sea of. t.he census includes persons hvmg aloI1e, IlB prevlOusly deSCribed, equally wlth fruIllhoo 

in the' ordinary sense of that term, and also all larger aggregations of people having 

only the tie of a common rool and table. A hotel, with all its mmatea, constitutes but one family within the meaning of this term. A hospital, a prison. an llBylum is 

equally a family for the purposes of the census. On the other hand, the solitary 

inmate of a cabin, a loft, or a room finished off above a store constitutes a family in 

the meaning of the census Mt. In the case, however, of tenement houses and of the 

so-called "fiats" of the great cities, IlB many families are to be recorded R8 there are separate tables. 

NAMRB. 

In column numbered 3 is to be entered the name of every person whose" usual 

place of abode" on the 1st day of June, 1880, w"" in that family. 

The census law fumishes no definition of the phrase, "usual place of abode;" and 

it is difficult, under the American system of It protrlWted enumeration, to afford 

administrative directions which will wholly obviate the danger that some persono 

will be reported in two places and others not reportsd at all. Much must be left to the judgment of the enumerator, who can, if he will take the pains, in the great 

majority of instances satisfy himself IlB to the propriety of including or not including 

doubtful cases in his enumeration of any given family. In the cases of boarders at hotels or students at schools or colleges, the enumerator can, by one or two welldirected inquiries, ascertain whether the person concerning whom the question may 

arise hHB, at the time, any other plMe of abede within another district at which he ,s likely to be reported. S~"faring men are to be reported at their land homes, no mat- ter how long they may have been absent, if they are supposed to be still alive. 

Hence, sailors temporarily at a sailors' boarding or lodging house, if they aclmowl- edge any other home within the United Stal.e8, are not to be included in the family of the 

lodging or boarding house. Persons engaged in internal transportation. canal men, express men, railroad men, etc., if they habitually return to their homes in the 

intervals of their occupations, will be reported as of their familieJJ, and not where they 

may be temporarily staying on the 1st of June, 1880. 

In entering names in colnmn 3, the name of the father, mother, or other osten- sible head of the family (in the case of hotels, jails, etc., the landlord, jailer, etc.) is to be entered first of the family. The family name is to be written first in the column, 

and the full first or characl.eriBtic Christian or "given" name 01 eMh member 01 the 

family in order thereafter. It is desirable. that the children of the family proper 

should lollow in the order of their ages, IlB will naturally be the case. So long IlB 

the family name remains the same lor the several members, it need not be repeated, 

provided a distinct horizontal line or dash be drawn in the place it would occupy, thus: 

Smith, John. ---, Elizabeth. --, J. Henry. 

PERSONAL DESCRIPTION. 

The columns 4, 5, and 6, which relate to age, sex, and color, must in every case be filled. No retnm will be Mcepted where these spaces are left blank. 

Aga.-The eXMt age in figures will be inserted m column 6 whenever the same can be obtained; otherwise, the nearest approximation thereto. Children who, on the 18t of June, 1880, were less than a year old, will have their age stated by the 

frIWtional part of the year, IlB (one month), 1/12; (three montha), 3/12; (nine 

months), 9/12, etc. In all other cases months will be omitted. 

Golor.-It must not be llBBumed that, where notbing is written in this column, 

"white" is to be understoed. The column is always to be filled. Be particularly 

careful in reporting the clllBs mulatto. The word is here generic, and includes quad- rOODS, octoroons, and all persons having any perceptible t= of African blood. 

Important scientific results depend upon the correct determination of this class in 

schedules 1 and 5. 

OCCUPATION. 

In the column numbered 13 is to be reported the occupation of ClWh person 10 yearn of age and upward. 

(See instructions for 1870, col. 7.) 

PLACE OF BIRTH. 

(See instructions for 1870, col. 10.) 
: I I 

mllde ... to enumerate [IndilUl!l living on rooervati!lnsl -fuifilti,umeralt;ioru. was obtained; hut the investigation was 

29 in the Nationru Archives (Preliminm-y Inventory 161, page 101, item 298): I and H, schedules 

WaJlhillgt<m Terri.toI"v: HI, Indians near Fort Yates. Dakota'I'erritory; and IV. IndilUl!l in California All schedules !lm 

-"7Ierator's Sheet No. (Triplicates.-See Note.) 

NTH CENSUS OF THE UNITED STATES. 

INDIAN I)IVISION .. 

District No. 

SCHEDU NO.1. 

--- People of the 

Reserva,tion. 

enumerated by me on the da,.lI of 

Post Office . .. 

--------~ ~--------

Tribe belonlfinlf to 

Agency, 

J 188 

. , Enumerator. 

NOTE.-The Census year hegins October 1, 1879, and ends September ;31,1880. All persons will 

be included in the ellumeration who were living- on the 1st day of Oetober, 1 S&Q,. No otrers will. 

Children born since Oetober 1, 1880, will be omitted. Memherfi of families who hav.\\IIied since October 

], 1880, will be included. 

The use of t.his sheet will he confined to the report of one family. ill olle dVl--ellillg, viz: House, set of 

rooms in Pueblo, Lodge, <Ii('. The number of the dwelling within reported upon, in the order of the 

Enumerator's visit, is 

If several families are Jiving in the same hOllse, &e., each will be Illl11lbered in the order of visitation. 

The Dumber of the family, reported upon in this sheet, is 

The location of the dwelling, by legal or natural subdivision of the Reservation is as follows: 

Its description. [f HOllse, indicate by [H.], and state whether of Brick, StOlle, Adobe, Frame, or Log i 

jf Pueblo, indicate by [P.], and state whether of Stone or Adobe i if Lodge, indicate by [L.], and state 

whether of Cloth, Skill; Slab~, P()le~, Brush, Bark, 'rule, StOlle, Earth, &('.: 

This sheet will be filled up in tripli('at('.. One copy will be mailed to Maj. J. W. POWELL, Special 

U. S. Census, Indian Division, P. O. Box 585, Washington, D. C. One will be mailed to the 

lJ(J'mlDI!!SlOner of Indian Affairs, Washington, D. C. The third will be retained by the Enumerator until 

called for. 

31 
Ci:l 

!>:) 

"INDIAN .. SCHEDULE I-POPULATION" -Continued 

11 THE NAME OF EACH PERSON WHOSE PLACE OF ABODE ON THE 1ST DAY OF OCTOBER, 1880, 

II WAS IN THIS FAMILY. it 

II 

il 

II 

Ii INDIAN NAME. ENGLIRH TltAKHl.ATJnK OF INDIAN XA)IJo;. 1';NGLJ~Il, ~I'AXl"'ll, FltEXCll, OR (,TIlEl: X.\)l.: 

HABITUALl.Y \'''';D. 

II II 

I 

I 

I 

1 2 :> 

I 1 l -------------------------------------------- ._----------------------------------------_. -------------------------------------

2 

----- ~ 

center) 

RELATIONSHIP. CIVIL CONDITIONS. PBJ\SO;<1AL DlcSCRlP'flOX. 

Relationship of 

each person to 

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nd, ~ SOh, flaughter) = brother, 8el'Vant 'z 

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HI 

1M thil'! perBon (OIl 

skI;;. Ol'h'mpvA"l _ 

nttpwl unlinnrv tHll'lilll'l'>i'! 

what j... iSickilt'~!-l or 

19 

HEALTH. 

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EDUCATION. 

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30 31 32 

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from bottom left and 

Non: A. Que!!timl l.-·The !lame will be to tht' in the" Introductioll to the of Illdian ."-Il<Tmw'_ " fU"l'llished to tile Emmwmtor. 

l\:un: R 4.-The hean of a 

.";01"11'.: mark "/" ill 10 he lI!'ed as im affirmatin· mlSW"'I' etc, In column 7. the wOI·d" "\\'idow<l{l 01' Di"ol'ced" 

iJlH or wife In ca" .. of divol"C<l{1 1""'8<>11" the 

laws of ci"i!izali.m. 

NOTE 

l"on: 

);\inTI': 

:'Ii ... : ~, 

to male as w .. H as ami will he used whel'" the p"-i"f'un has 

is to be ul.'ed will he "-lll"r"d in acc<lI'<I,wc..- wiih 

13, 16. ami 29 38, inclu .. in-.-Ill (~as<t's the Immh ... l"" ami 

make ~!imate" E~timates should be ill'llCkt't>', 11mi': [ 

is now 

custom;; and not 

qllmllilies calle,1 for ca!!not be "C('m'alelv dt'It'l'miii~L In SHch ClI8eS, the EIlUlm.>,·atol' 

8.-Thil;\ r~f .. ro to tlw cidl gon~rmn"llt ofllw If I lie Chid' i~ >,uel! 

Ifbv 01' electioll th"oul!"h actio" uflht' U, K, eule!' -, A" m'" 

1 

TI'iba! "'l!""HlOil alld of file fil'i:1 l'lI.uk, t'illei'" Ii" if"of the "..cl'Wi. "2;" ifof th .. 

pnt-er the sea""uu, ~ ~pl~iug. AUHnuu. &e. 

ht' "~,,,l. wh ... 11 "Pl'licalh', 1 •• " maki"l! ""Ii·i ... ~ h.·,· .... \';z: Fa .... ,..'·. )li11.,,·. 

LlHnh~!·iHa.H, Wt~:H·t'r. HPI·~It"D·. FViT\Omau. ~rt·aBI~h·i·. 1Hh-qu-Ptt')o . 

. A~TH\,\>Hlakt"r" ,,\:{". ~pt"da.i aHIPHtinH tu ht' ~lh'ected tu rt'pol"tin~ o.lh·tli4."iUt o -;U;lH.l'" a~ it i:o.- tiu-> Hui.\- otTnpatiuH aHlon,:! 

:\-, ""!l"i,·~ will I,.. mad ... ill ihi~ oj' ill those th.liI '1., "I .. 4,. ;,,,,1,,,,;,,,·. .-i,il.h·,·" Hwl .. " 10,\"":1,'" "I' :I!-!'" 

'111 -Tlw ",t'! "I' m,,~! h ... 3;<4·",'111.;11<'<1 the h,' a"'llal .. I.""-,·,·".i",, "I' II ... ~,.",. !t.!'! I,," rio., 

~'.! -I"'. illdll,.in- -If lh .. "Ill!'." in 'h .. ~ .. colllmll~ j" aliin""I;,",-. Ill,: ~'Ii'I'''I'1 j,. ",l",lIv f.·"". ,h.· ""'II""... . !""lal;n;! ,,, ... ""Ii i"dh'i<iu"l \", IIllily. 

i 
1800 

"SCHEDULE NO. I-POPULATION AND SOCIAL STATISTICS" 

(II W'x18", printed on both sides) 

(front, top) 

FAMILY SCHEDULE-! TO 10 PERSONS. 

[7-556b,] Eleventh Census of the United States. 

Supervisor's District JOv •. _____ , _____ ---I 

SCHEDULE No_ 1. 

En ulIleration District POPULATION AND SOCIAL STATISTICS. 

Name of city, t?wn .. townShiP,} ____________ • ______ ~ 

precinct, dlstnct, beat,ol' - County : ___ T--------- State : ________________ _ other minor civil diviSIOn. 

Street and No.: ____ -----------; Ward : __ _ ~_; Name of lustitution : ____________________________ _ 

Enumerated by me on the _____ uay of June, 1890. 

~i~~~~~~-~-~-h-~-~-r-d-~-;-·-------~-B-fu-;-r-~-~-~-i~-e-~-h-i!~II---------I~-cp-~--~-~-~-~~i~l· 

of visitation. dwelling-house" dwelling-house.l 

INQUIRIES. ~ 

----- ----------------------------------, 

I D.-Number of. 

Family in the 

o,rder of ViBita-I' tlOn. 

1 

I 

3 i 4 

I IJ~-NO. of Peroon. in this family. 

En'8.lm0ll"Ator. 

5 

--------------I-----------------i-------------------+--------------- ----- -------------------------

I 

ChristiRn name in full, and initial i of mLddle name. I 

1 l~surn~::---------I------~----I-~--~------1------~---I--~--- ----------~---

--I-Whether a sofdler~ !>;,!I;;r;-orm-;;;:- ----------------I--------------}--------------I--------------+----------11 2 i rine during the civil war (U. S. ~~n~onf.), or widow of such per· 

-------------------------------~---------------I---------------~---------------~I 

Relationship to head of family. 

4 Whf>!her white, black, mulatto, qUJ~droon, oc!oroon, UhJneee, Japane!.Oe, or India.n. 

---1---------------------1----- ------------- ------------------ ---------I----------I-----------H 

5 Sex. 

11-----:-----------1----------------- -------------1------------ ---------~- ----------------11 

6 !Age at neare~.t birthday. If under one year, ,give a~e In months. I 

--,---------------I--------------I~------------·I------------------~---------I----------------II M Whether "Lngle, marned, wid· I lowed, or divorced 

----- --------~------ --------1------------11 

8 .~~e;r.~~r(j~r~:dl. ~~~~ro t~~;e3t 

~~~--~-~-%%---_~I~ 

INSTRUCTIONS TO ENUMERATORS--CENSUS OF 1890. 

THE PLAN OF' ENUMERATION IN INSTITUTIONS. 

'rhe statistics of population and other spedal data concerning persons residing in institutions 'will be taken oy institution enumerators; that is, some official or other trustworthy person connected with the imdtution, who will be appointed specially for the purpos(~. 

This rlan of enumeration will not be extended to all institutions, but the appoint~ 

mont 0 spedal institution enumerators will be determined partly by the size of the institution and partly by its nature. For those intltitutioI1s where this plan of enumeration is to be carried out the enumerators for the dh;triets in which such institutions are located will have no responsibility. Each in advance of the enumeration due notification from af) to the institntions 'which are not to be taken by him. enumerator, however, if there is any institution-in his 

si~e or character, to satisfy himself by personal inqniry a ~pecial institution enumerator hal:' been appointed, to ennmerat\; the population as in the case of all other houses the other hand, if a speeial institution enumerator has been it ha~ been withdrawn from his district, and he will leave it to special institution enumerator. 

SOLDIERS AND SAILORS. 

34 

include the retdclents of such posts as a part of his district equally with other elements of the population. 

In a similar way all saUors and marineR stationed on vessels, and at the United States navy-yards, a,.'3 well as resiuent officers, with their families, will be specially 

enumerated, and need not be taken by the district enumerator if, upou inquiry or by 

notification, he knows that such special provision has been made. 

SPECIAL ENUMERATION OF INDIANS. 

The law provides that the Superintendent of Census may employ special agents or other means to make an enumeration of all Indians living within the jurisdiction of the United States, with such information as to their condition as may be obtainable cla8Hifying them as to Indians taxed and Indians not taxed. ' By the phrase I' Indians not taxed" is meant Indians living on reservations under the care of Government agents or roaming individually or in bands over unsettled traets of country. IlJdians not in tribal relations, ·whether full~bloods 01' half-breeds who are found Illingled with the white population, ref:liding in white families, eng~ged a,.'3 servants or laborenl, or living in huts or wigwams on the outskirts of towns or settlements al'l~ to be regarded as a part of the ordinary population of the eountry, and are to b~ embraeed in the enumeration. 

Th.e enllm~ration of Indi~ns living on reservi:tions will be made by special agents 

appomted dlrcetly [Pom thIS office, and superVIsors and enumerators will have no respon,sibility in this connection. Many Imlians, however, have voluntarily abandoned their trilJal relations or have quit their reservations and now sustain themselveB. When ennmerator~ find Indians 

off ?f or living away frOl~ res~:rvati0!l~' and in;no wise del~{mclent upon the agency or Crovernmcnt, such IndIans, 111 addItIOn to theIr enumeratlOn on the population and 

-;upplementai schedules, in the same man"ner as for tilC population generully, should be noted on 

schedule (7·917) name. trihe, sex, age, occupation, and whether taxed or not toned. 

object of this is to an accurate census of aU Indians living within the jurisdiction 

of the United States and to prevent double enumeration of certajn Indians. 

Where Indians arc temporarily absent from their reservations the census enumerators need 

not note them, as the special enumerator for the Indian reservation will i!ct their names. 
"SCHEDULE NO. I-POPULATION AND SOCIAL STATISTICS"-Continuoo. 

(Questions 1 to 25 were the same on the front and back of the 

form.) 

(back bottom) 

of years in the United 

papers 

/////'{h'7'_~~ 

I 

i 

I ~ 

head of fnmily ia III (armer, It< tbe (arm which he cultiVl\t09 hired, or 1B it owned by him or by a m~lnber ot bls family t 

TO ENUMERATOl?S.-TIl" Inquiries numbered 26 to SO,lnclusl"e.; m .... t be made c"ncernlng "",ell f .. mlly .. ,,(I """I> !ann jVl.lto<!. 

Ob 

ScHlIDULE No. Lo-PopulatWn. 

1800 
1800 

SUPERVISORS' AND ENUMERATION DIS'I'm(J1'8. 

The first thing to be entered at tho head of each schedule is the number of tho' 

!lUpervisor. district mnd of the enumeration distriet in which the work is performed. 

These numbers must be repeated for each family enumerated, mnd whe~ addition"l 

.heets are used these numbers are to be "" •• ied to those sheets, as already stated. 

CIVIL DIVISION'S. 

:Be careful to enter accllmtely the name of the city, town, township, prooinet, ~te.! 

and ~ carefully between the population of viliagoo within towrulhipe iWa 

the remllinder of Buch townshipe. The conect enumeration of the population of 

th<lllO minor civil diviBioW! is <lIIpecwiy important, and is of intel'oot in the preoontetion in the printed reports of detail. concerning these small bodiel! 01 population. So 

far u poo!lible, 1lliJo, the population Of amall lmincorporated villages and hamlets 

should be separately repol'ted. Also enter at the head of each schedule, in the !lpace!I 

provided therefor, the name of the county and State or '{'erritory in which the minor 

IlUbdiviBion iolooated. In citiel! the street, .treet number, and ward should be enterod 

in the prope~ "PIlC<l!l, and in thooo citioo where specillli oo.nitary districts have been 

ootabliBhed for the purpollOO of the ~...,W!U. enumeration the Jettei'll used to dooignate 

them should be added in some convenient the head of each oohednl0 and 

oocirded thm: (Al, (E), (0), etc., according BpOOia! lettem used to di.GtlngWsh 

th .. !!!Wiw., dilltricts. 

Whonever 1m ini!titution is to be enmnemted, M, a hoopital, Mylum, aImIlh011l!0 

jMiI, or penitentiary, the full rlJlme and titl" of the iustitutiQn should be eute~ and 

rui persoN having their UIlUll.i (llooe or abode in IlUch irultitution, whether Qmool"l!, 

attendant", inml!.te!l, or pel'OOWI ill confinement, should then be entered collllOOntively on tho I'lChednloo III! one family. If, III! oometimes may be the CIl.OO, a sherif!, warden, or other prison official may live in one eud of the prieon building, but separated by M 

pa,tition 1WIIlI from the prieon proper, hi. family (including himl!l)lf 1M! its htWi) 

Mould he returned on a ooparate schedule, iWd should not be returned on the schednle 

upon whieb tho priooncm are entered. Where the officel'll or attendants, or ImY of 

them, do not RiIlide in the irultitution buildingtl, but Ii va with their familioo in 

deWlhed dwellingll, no matter whether the hoUOOll are owned by the Iootitution or lOO!!ited in the Mme grounds, they sbould be reported on separate ooheduljll!, but 

should 00 included "" a part of the work of the special iustitution enumemtor, where one ill appointed, tmd should not be left to be ta"ken by the district enW]Mlmtor. It 

may happen ",100 that oome of the officel'll or attendants may reeide wholl:!, outBids of 

the Iootitutlon prooinctll, either in rented hoUOOll or hoUlle8 owned by the lW5titution, or by thOOlllelv~, ;md inllUch Cl!.OOIl they should be ",mmernted by the diatrietenumer· 

",tor ilolld not by the I!jlOCiaI inJJtitntion enumerator. The tour of dotl of the special 

Iootitution enumerator should not extend beyond the boundaries 0 the Iootitution 

grounds, but should include Illi thOOll pIll'OOW! iWd inml!.te!l w ilOOllll!lnai piaooa of abode W1!l cleuly within the temtory oontrolled by U>e Iootitut\OIJ.. 

lI"l!1l!I!Om!, ".ul!ILm!, AJlID l>wllLLmGll. 

.d.;o-Nwnb ... of ilwdling ~ in !he IYfder of~. 

In the !!pece ~tlt the inq~ marked A is to be entered the nmnber tyf the 

dwelling hOllOO in the order of vlmtation. The objed of this inquiry is to aeoortain. 

the total number of dwelling ho""",". A diwellin.g hOllOO for the purp00e8 of the coo· ImO moo.ru!l ;my building or plooe of "bode, of whatever cha.mcter, material, or aime· 

ture, in which !my pel'OOn W living at the tIDle of taking the CCIlJ!Ull. It may be a room 

llloove a wm"ehouse or iootory, " loft 11,00"" "..table, a wigwam on the outskirts of It 

I!IIlItl"",ent, or a dwelling hOlloo in the ordinary sense of that tel'IlJ.. A tenement hOUee, 

~ 

whether it contalW! two, three, Or fortI mmiJiel!l should be coll.llidered lor the 

of the _ as onc house. A bwlding un<1er one roof IlUited for two or more fllmilioo, hut with a dividing partition wall and separate front door for eJlCh 

pmt of the building, should be counted II!! two or more hoUOOll. A block of bolfooll 

under one roof, but with separatc front doo ... , should be coll.llidered "" IlO many 

hOOOfll!l, without ~ to the number of families in eJlCh separate house in the 1>1001<. 

Wholly uninhabited dwelling!! are not to be counted. 

B.-Number of fam~ in this dwelling ~. 

The in~J?iry marked 11 caJ:IB for the nnmber of fllmili61l, w hethe ... one 0:1' more, in ~h dwelling house. WMre there i8 mme thaw, one family in a dwelling ~, thitJ inqwiry ~ be _tid ooly on the tdltdllk flYf the foot family enumerated and omitted on the tmd ~ fum~ enumerated in !he same ~, to avoid 

the spe.ce on the oohedulel! for the oocond iWd om~uent 

1)0 however, by an X, .... not being applicable. Au e::mmple "':l"H""..,..,""',. is given on the printed .heets m~tive of the mrumer of I!llin.g 

C.-Number of per80nlJ in thi8 dwelling house. 

The inquiry marked C ""lis for the Dumber of pornona in each dwelling house, and 

where there '8 mQre tha" one family in the house the "".wer should represent the 

toW number of persons included in the several fllmilies occupying the same house. 

Where there is but" 8in$le family to a hQuse, the !!,W!wer to this inquiry should be 

the !lame M for Inquiry E. Wltert there is more than <me family in a dwelling hw.u, thitJ 

inqu,iry, ~ in the cal!" of Inquiry B, 8/wuld be u"6Wered ooly on the .chedule flYf the jirBt 

family enumerated. 

D.-Number of family in the or(kr of viuitation. 

In !!'w!wer to the inquiry marked D enter the number, in the order of visitation, of 

eJlCh family residing in the district. The lact that more than Qne family is olten 

found in a house makes the lamjly number exceed;lnece!l!l!lfily, the house number, 

"" called for by Inquiry A. '! 

The word family, for the purposes of the cenSUB, -includes pernona living alone, as well "" families in·the ordinary sense of that tel'IlJ., "nd also all larger ~tiona 

01 poople having only the tic of a common rool aud table. A hotel, WIth all its 

inmates, constitutes but one family within the meaning 01 this term. A hospital, a prioon, an ""ylum is equally a family for the purposes of the cenauB. On the other 

hand, the solitary inmate of a cabin, a loft, or a room finished off above a store, ""d, 

indeed, all indiVIdual. living out of families, constitute a family in the meaning or the cen!IUs act. By "individnals living 011t of families" is meant all persons occupying lofts in 

public buildingtl, above store!!, warehouses, factories, and stables, havmg nQ other 

Ulmal place of abode; pel'OOllB living oolitary in cabins, huts, or tents; persons sleeping on river boats, ca",,1 boats, barges, etc., having no other uSllal place of •. bode, 

and pe11!ons in police atation. having no homes. Of the classes just mentioned the moot important, numerically, is the first, viz: Tho"" chiefly in cities, whfl rooms in public buildiugtl, or above lactones, and stablcs. to reach BUch peroonB, the only to keep his eyes 

all jndication" of Bueh enumeration distrICt, but to of busineoo portion BUell buildings 

houses of the so-called 

recorded are sepamte 

36 

E.-·Number of person» in this famuy. 

The anBwer to this inquiry should corl'OOpond to the number of columns filled on each schedule, ""d care should be taken to have all the members of the family 

included in this statement and a column filled for each peison in the family, 

including servanw boarders, lodgers, etc. Bo sure that the peroon answering tbe 

inqniries thoroughly understand. the question, and doos not omit any person wlio 

shonld be cotmted as • member of the family. 

NAM&J, RELA'fION81IIP TO HBAD OF FAMII,Y, AND WHETHnm sUnVIVORB OF THll: WAR OF 

THJ,I1 REBELLlON. 

1. Ch~n name in full, inilial of middle na""" and IlUffiame. 

OppoBite to tbe inquiry numbered 1 'On the sohcdule are to .be entered the "ames of .. 11 peroone whose uenal pil"'" of abode on the 1st day Qf June, 1800, w .... in the 

fllmily enumerated. 

The ceneus law furnishes no definition of the phrase" nenal place of abode;" 

it i. difficult under the American system of 11 protracted enumeration, to administrativ'e directions which will wholly obviatc the d"nger that oome peroon" 

will be reported in two placea and othe11! not reported "t "IL Much must be left to the judgment of the en.ume~tor, who can, if he y,iIl tall:e the. pains, in ~he gr'~t 

majority of iu..tancee eatlBfy hlInaelf as to the propl~':ty of mcludmg or not mcludmg 

donbtful cases iu hia enumeration 01 any given famIly. In the C!Ul0ll of boarde11! at hotem or students at schools or colleges the enumerator ""n by one or two well· 

directed inquirie!! ascertain whether the person .cor.lCerning wh?m .the quest.ion may arise has at the time any other pi""" of abode Wlthm another d18tnct at whICh he 18 

likely to be reported. Seafaring, men to be reported at their land hom~, no matter how long they may have heen if they "re aupposed to be i!till alive, 

Hence, sailo11! temporarily .,t a sailo11!' or lodging house, if they aekfUlW/.edgfJ 

any .oIher home within lhe Unil£d SUt.te.I, are not to be included it! the 

Joagin.g or boarding house. Peroon.s "ngaged in intornal transportation, 

expreesmen, railroad men, etc., if they habitually retllrn to thelr hom"" in 

val. of their occupations, will be reported WI of their famuies, iWd not be temporarily ..taying on the 1st of June, 1800. entering the membe11! of " fllmily the name of the father, mother, or other 

oe!ellilible head of the family (in the ~Jl3e·of hoteiB, jaiiB, etc., the iBndlord, jailer, ew.) 

is to be entered in the first column. It is desirable that the wife should be "numer·· 

ated in the oocond column, lind the children 01 the family proper should follow in 

the order of their "gell, as will naturally be the case. The names of all other 

in the family, whether relatives, boarde11!, lodgtll'll, or oorviWW, should be 

IlUcceooively ill slIbsequent columns. 

Tbe Chriati;m name in full mnd initial of middle name of each pernon should be 

first enterod aod the !lUrllMlO immediately therellnder, as shown in the illustrative 

example. 

2. Whether" I!ddier, sailor, IYf marine during the civil war (Unil£d StaI.u 01· Omfed.erate} , 

or widow of BUCh person. 

Write j'Sol" for soldier, "Sail" for sailor, and "Ma" formarme. If theperoon 

served in the United States fore"" add "U. S." in rarentheaes, and if in the Comed· 

ernteforeesadd "Con!''' inperentheses, thus: So (U.S.); Sail (U.S.);Sol (Con!.), etc. In the case of a widow of "deceased soldier, sailor, or marine, llOO the letter 

"W" in addition to the "bove deBignationa, "" W. Sol (U. S.), W. Sol (Coni.), "",d 

00 on. 

The enumeration of the Bllrvivorn of the late iucluding their rul.mes, organimtions, lenll(th of service, and the widows of ... have died, is to be taken on" 

BpOOial BChedule prepared for the pllrpooo, as provided for by the act of MW'Ch 1, 

1889, and relate. ooly to those per8011.8, 0>. widow. of persOI1.8, who served in the Army, Navy, or Marine Corps of lhe Unil£d Stales in the l!lw war. The inquiry concerning the IlUrvivom of botli the United Statee and Confederate forces is made on the population 

schedule so as to ascertain. the number now living and the number wbo have died and 

have lelt widows. 

8 .. Relati<m.Bhip t<J head oj family. 

Designate the head 01 a family, whether" hUBbaud or father, widow or unma:rried 

pel'OOn of either oox, by the word" Head;" other membe11! of a family by wife, -mother, 

faJ.lIer, lIOn, daughler, grarukon, dmtllhler·in-law, aunt, uncle, nephew, niece, servant, or other properly distinctive term, according to the particular relationship which the 

pel'OOU boa ... to the head 01 the family. Distinguish between boarders, who Bleep iWd 

board in one ,Place, and lodgera, who room in 000 p]""..., and board in another. If ao imnate of !to lustitution or school, write inmai.e, pupil, patient, pritJoner, or !lOme equiv,,· 

lent term which will cl ...... ly di8tinguiBh inmatee from the office", and emplQyOOll!md 

their fllmilie!!. But all officera and employee. 01 an institution who reside in the 

iWltitntion building are to be accounted, for ceJllB11ll purposes, M one family, the head 

of which is the .u(>"rintendent, matron, or other officer in charge, If more thiW one family reside!! m the institution building, group the members I~ther and diBtinguish them in some intelligible way. In addition to defining theIr natural reJa,. 

tionahip to the hoo,d of tbe institution or of their own immediate family, their official 

poBition in the iW5titntion, if any, should be also noted, thus: Superinlender;4, MI!:, 

teacher, 1JXllchman, nurse, etc. 

COLOR, SEX, AND AGE. 

4. Whether while, black, mulatto, quadroon, octoroon, Chinese, Japanese, or Indian. 

Write white, black, mulatto, quadroon, octoroon, Chinese, Japa'fte8e, or Indian, accol'd~ 

ing to the color or race of the pernon enumerated. Be particularly careful to distinguish between blocks, muiattooo, quadroollll, and octoroons. The word "black" 

should he used to describe those pernon. who have th:ree-fourth. or mQre black 

blood; "mulatto," those pel'OOn8 who have from tbree-eighths to five-eighth. black 

blqod; "quadroon," those pernon. who have one·fourth black blood; and "octo· 

roon," those peroox18 who have one-eighth or any trace 01 black blood. 

6. Sex. 

Write male or female, as the case may be. 

6. Age aJ. near .. t /liTthday. If under one year, give age in m07lihs. 

Write the age in figures at nearest birthday in whole yeal'll, bmitting months !md 

dayB, for each pernon of one year of age or over. For children who on the 1.t of 

June, 1800, were I""" than one year of age, give the age in montbs, or twelfth. of a 

10/12. ]""" than one month old, state the age ... exaet all one old or over should be 

be the " Dou't 

{;oNJUOAL CONDITION AND CHILDREN AND CHILDRE..."I LIVING. 
8. Whether married duriWJ the cen8U8 yea,· (June .I, 1889, 10 May 91, 1890). 

Write yes or TW, as the case may be. 

9. Mother of how many children, and numb"r of these children lilling. 

. This, inquiry is t? be made c~ncerning all women who are OJ' have been married, 

mcludmg those widowed or dIVorced. The answers should be Ili ven in figures M 

follows: 6-5; that is, mother of six (6) children, of which five (5) are living. if a 

woman who i. or hM been married hM had no children, or if none are living, state the fact thus: ()......O or 3--{), M the case may be. 

PI,ACE OF BIRTH AND PARENT NA1'IVl'ry. 

10. Place of bidh. 

Give the place of 

opposite inquiry 1, 

11. Place of mrth of fatlter. 

the person whose 

whom the entries are the hooAl of the column 

t.he place of birtb of the father of the person for whom the entries arc heing 

12. PWA; oj birth of mother. 

the placc of birth of t.he mother of the person for whom the entries are being 

NATURALIZATION. 

, or mother (inquiry 12) were or if of foreigu birth name the are wan too. In naming tbe 

"Great Britain," but 

of American .. A"''',",r:an citizen. " If 

or mother the mother's father. OR' "French" after 

hern in any part 

This is a most imdWiinction carefully 

be made concerning only those adult males of are age or over. 

1S. Number of years in the Uniled b~ateJJ. 

the as 1, 3, 6, 10, etc., according to the number of years 

person may residoo in the United States. 

14. Whether nmuraliwd. 

Write" Yes" or H No/' as the case may be. 

15. WI.aher naturalizaiiCfn papers lillve been talcen oW. 

naturalized (Inquiry 14), use the symbol X; if not naturalizoo (Inquiry 14) H FeB" or "No;" as the case may be, in answer to this inquiry (15), ' 

PROF~ION, TRADE, OR OC'CUPATION, AND MONTHS UNEMPLOYED. 

16. trade, or occupation. 

This mOB! important inquiry. Study these instructions cloilely, and in report,.. 

in.g occupations avoid the URB of lmm.eanlng terms. A person's occupation is the 

I'rof""",on, trade, or branch of work upon which he chiefly depends for support, and m which he would ordinarily be engagoo durinf( the larger part of the year. General or indefinite terms which do not indicate the kmd of work done by each person must not be used. You are under no obligation to give a person's occupation JOB! M he 

"xpresaoo it. If he ean not tell intelligibly what hee w, find out what he doell, and 

describe his occupation accordingly. The name 01 the place worked in or article made or workoo upon .hould not be used as the sole bMis of the statement·ol a person's occupation. Endeavor to lIIlCertain ",I ways the charader of the 8ervice rendered 

01' lcind of work done, and so state it. 

The i11uetratiollB given under each of the general claases of occupations show the 

,mtnre of the answers which should he made to this inquiry. They are not intendoo to cover all occupations, but are indicative of the character of the answers desirOO in 

order to secure, for each enumerated, properly descriptive desiguations 01 

service renderOO or work way of occupation and as the means of gaining a livelihood. 

lwmculIrURAL to distinguish between the farm laborer, the 

farmer, and farm (;!)er8lJer; the plantation l.aborer, the planter, .. nd plantalum (;!)erw".. These three must be kept distinct, and each occupation sepamtely returned. 

Do not ronluse the a1Jrim1turallaborer, who works on the farm or plantation, with the general. or dav laborer, who works on the road or at odd jobs III the vil~ or town. Distinguish ,,)00 hetween woodchoppers at work regularly in the woods or forests Bud the laborer, who tnkea " job occasionally at chopping wood. 

Make a separate return lor farmers and planter. who own, hire, or carryon" farm or plantation, and for {fardeners, jruiJ. growers, nurserymen, .florists, vine (frowers, etc., 

who are eng».gOO in raiBmg vegetables for market or in the culti vation 01 fruit, fioweI'll, 

flOOds, nn,.sery producw, etc. In the latter case, if a man combines two or more of 

these occupations, be careful to so Btnte it. as.florii3t, nur8£TYman, and sud (l"ower. 

Avoid the ron/llBion of the garden la.Ixrrer, nur8£TY laborer, etc., who h,,'e!! ont hiB 

""rvioos, with the proprietor gardener, florist, nurseryman, etc., who carries on the 

bllilin_ himeell or employs others to mst him. Return "" dairymen or dairywmnen thooo persons wbo.e occup .. tion in connection 

with the farm has to do chiefiy with the dairy. Do not confuse them with employ_ 

of butter' .. nd cheese or condensed milk factories, who should be separately returned 

by IlOme distinctive term. Return stock herders .. nd stock drover. separa1ely from stock raiwrB. 

Do not include lumbermen, raftimum., log d,wer8, etc., engagoo in h .. uling or tm.n .. porting lumber (generally by:water) from thE> forest to the mill, with the employ""" 

of lumher yards or lumber mIlls. , FlS!I!NG.-For fiJJhermen and oy8lerrnen dooaribe the occupation as accu,...tely as p0ssible. Be careful to avoid the retum of fishermen on vessel. "" sailors. If they gain 

their living by fiBbing, they should be returned "" "fishermen," and not"" .... i10Y!!. 

MINING AND QUARRYING.-Make" careinl diBtinction between the coal miner. ""d miner. of orell; alBa between miners generoJly and quarryrrum. State the lcind of oro minoo or slone quarried. 

Do not retnrn proprietors or oJficia1B of mining or quarrying companies "" miners or quarrymen, but state their bumn_ or official position accurately. 

PROFl!Il8IONAL PURIlulT8.-Thia class includes adors, artists and teachers of ad, cler{T!lmen, dentists, designer8, dra.ft..BmR:n, mgraver8, civil e:n[!ineers, and 8'Urveyors, mechanical 

and mining engineers, g(;!)ernment clerks and ojJicialB, )ourrwlists, lawyers, mWlicia1l8 and teaher8 of music, physicia1l8, /JUrgeom, profeJWJrs (in collegea and universities), teacher. 

(in schools), and other pursuits of a prof""",onal nature. Specify each prof_ion in 

detail, according to the fact. These are citOO simply"" illustratIOns of these cu.- o! pursuits. 

37 

1890 

Distinguish between adors, thealrical managers, and 8howmen. . Make a sepa,...te return for government clerks occnpying positions under the National, 

State, county, city, or town governments from clerks in offices, stores, manufactnrlng establishments, etc.; also distinguish g(;!)ernment ojJicialB. 

Return veterinary /JUryeom separately from other aurgeollB. 

Distinguish journalists, editor., .. nd reporters from autlum and other literary persons 

who do. notJoliow journalism as .. distinct prof_ion. _ _ Return separately chemists, aB8ayer8, metallur~, and other scientific persOIlB. 

DOl\!EflTIC AND PEasoNAL SERv\cE.-Among this cJ""" of occupations .. re comprised /wtel keepers, boardiWJ-/wWJe keeper., restaurant keepers, saloon keepers, and bartender.; 

/wWJekeepers, cooks, and servants (in hotels, boarding houses, hospitals, institutions, 

private families, etc.); barbers and hairdressers; rily, tmnn, and general day laborer8; 

Janitors, sextons, and undel'takers; nurBe8 and mid'UJives; watchmen,policernen, and detectives" 

Specify each occupation or kind of service rendered in detail, according to the fact. 

The above are given only as e"amr1ea of the occupations which would naturally be 

inclnded under this general cl""" 0 work. 

Distinguish carefully hetween howlekeeper., or Women who receive a stated wage or ....l .. ry for their services, .. nd iwu&mJive8, or women who keep house for their own fam-· 

ilies or lor themselves, without any gainful occnpation. The occupation of grown 

daughters who """jst in the household duties without fixed remuneration shonld be returned as " IIousework-without pay." 

Ail stated under agricultural pursniw, do not conluse wry lahorers, at work for the 

city, town, or at odd jobs, with the agriculturallsbore .. , at work on the farm or plantatIOn or in the employ of gardeners, nurserymen, etc. Btnte specifically the kind of 

work done in every instance. Clerks in hotels, restaurants, .. nd saloons should be so described. and carefullv dis- tin~uished from bm'tenders. In many instances bartanders will state their occupation 

"" 'clerk" in wine store, etc., but the character of the service rendered· by such per- llOilS will readily determine whether they should be cla.'lSed M "bartenders" or not. StatWruz"r'!! engineer. and firemen should be carefully distinguished from engineer8 and 

fil"lmwn employoo on locomotives, steamboats, etc. Soldier., Bailor., and marine. enlisted in the service of tbe United States should be !lO returned. Distinguish between officers and enlisted men, and for civilian employ· ees return the kind of service performed by them, PUllBUITIl OF TRADE AND 1'RANsPOR'rATION.-Distinguish carefully between real estaIe agents, immrance agents, claim agents, commWion agents, etc. If a person is a real estate agent and also an auctioneer, M is often the case, retnrn his occupation"" real estate 

agent and auctioneer. 

Retum accountants, bookkeepers, clerks, cashiers, etc" separately, and stnte the 

kind of service renderOO, as accountant--insura.nce; bookkeep~halesale dry goods; 

clerk-g<UJ company; cashier-music stare. 

Do not coufound a clerk with a salesman, M is often done, oopecially in dry goods 

stores, grocery stores, and provision store... Generally speakin!,>, the persons so 

employed are to be considered as .... Ieamen, nnless the bulk of thClr service is in the 

office on the books and acconnts; otherwise they should be returned "" 8alesman~ 

dry goodB; 8al.e:rman-:-fJ1"oceries, etc. - SlenoWapher. and typewri.ler8 should be reportOO separately, and should not 1Je de- scribed simply as "clerks." 

l?~tinguiBh ca.refully ~t:veen bank clerks, Cffllhier8 in banks, and bank ojJi.ci.ah, desCrlbmg the partICular pOSItron filled III each o.ase. In no cMe should a bank CaBhier be confounded with cashiers in stores, etc. -

Distinguish between foremen and overseers, packe,.. and shippers, l"'rters and 

helpers, and errand, office, and m_enger boys in stores, etc., and state m each """" 

the character 01 the duties pedormoo by them, Mforeman--1!!/wtesate wool home; pucker 

-crockery; porter-rubber goods; errand boy-dry goods; messenger boy-telewuph 

State the kind of merch .. nts and dealers, "" dry goods merchant, wood and coal dcaler 

etc. Whenever!l. single word will express the bUBineoo r.arried on, as WON!'f, it should 

be so statOO. In the case of hucksters and pOOdle,." al80 state the kind 01 goods sold, as pedd1e!~ 

tinware. 

Distinguisb traveling salesm<m from salesmen in stores, and stnte the kind of goods 

IlOld by them. Return boarding and livery stable keepers separ .. tely from hostlers and other stable 

employees. D~tinguish also between exprcm"en, team.JJlefB, draymen, and carriage and hack driver •. 

Steam railroOO emp\oyess should be reported sepamtely, 

their work, as baggagemen, IYrakemen, conducWr8, laborers on 

neers, locomotive firemen, fJI1JiI,chrne:n, yardmen, etc. Offieials of railroad, telewaph, express, and other companies should be ooparately return~>d and carefully distinguiahoo from the employ_ of such companies. 

Boatmen, canal men, pilots, long.heremen, stevedores, and sailor8 (on steam or sailing vessels) should be ooparately returned. 

TeleWaph operators, teleplume OPeJ'at(n'8, 

light "'tn, etc. , should be kept distinct, MANUFACl'URlNG AND MECHANICAL 

mamlfacturoa there are many (lI!OOCU"""" 

done rather than the article 

occnpatiollB is fmch that it terms without the use 01 BOrne 

which the work if! carried on. 

Do not accept "maker" of an article or in" mill, shop, or factory, but strive always to find out the particnlar work 

Diatin~h between persollB who tend and the unskilled workman or laborer In mills, factories, and workshops. 

Describe the proprietor 01 the establishment.." .. the 

bnwch of manufacture, as colton manufaclurer, etc. In no C!!OO 

be returned as a "maker" of an article. 

In the care of apprentices, state the trade to which apprenticed., "" app .. entice,- ~,etc. 

~ 

:DJ:rungush between buftherB, whose busin_ is to slanghter cattle, swine, etc., and ~aler., who sell meawonly. 

DiJJt.ingulsh .. lso ~tween .. gl(;!)er, hatter, or furrier who actually make or make up in their own establIshments ",II or part of the gloves hats or furs which they 0011. 

md the pel:!lon who sim~ly deals in but does not make th~ articles. ' 

Do not use the words 'factorr operative," but specify in every instance the kind 

)f work done, M cotwn mill-lJ'fftnner; mlk mill-weaver etc. 

DQ not describes person i~ a printing office asa "p~inter" where a more expressive ;arm can be used, as compoBiior, presmnan, prm feeder, etc. 

Make the proper distinction between" clock or watch "maker" and .. clock or watch 

'repairer." Do not .. pply the word "jeweler" to those who make w .. tches watch 

:hili"". or jewelry in large establishments. ' 

Avoid in all cases the use of the woro "mechanic" .. nd state whether iii carpenter t'Ml8Q1l, house painter, machinist, plumber, etc. ' , 

Do not say Hfinisher/' "m~)lder," "polisher," etc., but state the article finished, rnol?~, or. polished, as bra.~8flnisherj iron molder, steel polisher, etc. Dlstmgmsb between cloak:makers, dressmakers, 8C;tmBtresses, taiioresses, etc. In the case of sewing-machine operators, specify the work done. 
1890 

OrHEU OCCUPATIONS.--When a lawyer, merchant, manufacturer, etc., has retired 

b'om practice or business, say retired la'1lJ!fer, retired merchani, etc. The distinction to be made between housf'unves, hou8ekeepers, and those assisting in 

hOUBework has already been stated under "Domestic and Personal Service." For the 

IIl.rge body of persons,particularly young w<>men, who live at home and do nothing, 

make the return as "No occupation." With respect to infants and children too youn~ to take any part in produetion or to be en~ed in any stated occupation, distingUIsh between those at home and those tlttendlllg school. For those too young to go to school, or who for Aqme reason did jlOt attend school during the census year, 

write the words "At hOInd/' and for those;who attended fJchool during 80rne part of 

the school year write the words, "At sChool-public," or HAt school-.pnvate," 

"""ording to the kind of school. If tauglljt hy a govern""" or tutor, it should he 80 

stated. The .,Iudeni at college or engaged 'in special studies should be reported sepa- rately from ocholarB in public or private 8ch/ooUJ. 

The doing of domestic errands or family chores out of school hourn, where a child 

regularly attends school, should not be considered an occupation. But if a boy or girl, whatever the age, is earning money regularly by labor, contributing to the family support, or appreciably 300iating' in mechamcal or agricultural industry, the kind of work performed should he ststed. 

17. MonlM unemployed during Ihe cernrus year (June 1, 1889, 10 May 81, 1890). 

If a person having a gainful oecupation waa unemployed during any part of the ,census year it should he so stated in months and parw, of months. If, as may often 

happen, a person was unemployed at his usual occupation for Bome time during the 

cemma year and yet found other temporary employment for some part or the whole of the time, this fact should be dearly stated. For if!stance, a person's occupation 

may be that of "farm laborer/' at which he may have had no employment for three months during the census year. During two of these three months, however, he may have worked in a shoe Ahop, 80 that, so far till aeiual idleness is ('oncerm.-''<.l, he was only out of work one month. In all such C3..'-les, where the nonemployment 

returned in answer to inquir)' 17 does not represent actual idleness a.." regards the pemon's usual actual occupatlOn given in answer to inquiry 16, indicate the number 

of months unemployed at occupation by inserting the figures, in parenthesis, after the name of the occupation itself. In the case just cited, and a..'1 shown in the" illustra- t.ive example," the answer to inquiry 16 would appear as" Farm laborer (:3)" and 

t.he answer to inquiry 17 as j, 1." For all persons not engaged in gainful occupation 

the .ymbol "X" should he used. 

SCHOOL ATTENDANCE, ILLITERACY, AND LANGUAGE SPOKEN. 

18. Attenda11£e at 8cfwol (in monlM) during the cernrus year (June 1, 1889, 10 May 91, 

1900). 

For all personA hetween the ages of 5 and 17, inclusive, the attendance at school 

during the census year should be in all """es stated in months and pa:w of months. 

Where a person w1thin the above ages d1d not attend school at ~ll durlllg t!>e census year write "0," and for all other persons to whom the lIlqrury 18 not apphcahle use 

the symbol" X." 

Inquiries numbered 19 and 20 relate 10 illiteracy, and are to be made only of or con- cerning persons 10 years of age or over. 

19. A ble to read. 

Write "Yes" or "No," as the case may be. 

20. .4ble to 1m·ite. 

Write II Yes" or "No," as the case may be. 

A person may not be ahle to read or write the English language, and. yet may be 

ahle to read or write (or both) their native language, as French, Spanish Italian, etc. II in such cases a person can read or write (or both) some language, the answer to Inquiry 19 and Inquiry 20 should be "Yes," according to the fact. If not able to 80 

read or write the answer should be "No." For all persons under 10 years of age use the symbol" X." 

21. Able to Irpeak English. If nol, tM language or dialect Irpoken. 

This 'nquiry ,hould al80 be made of Or concerning every person 10 year8 of Cl{!e or <>ver. If the person is able to speak English so 118 to be understood in ordinary conversa- tion, write" English,." otherwise, write the name of the language or dialect in which he uBually expresses himself, as "German, n "Portuguese, n H Canadian French," 

" Penn8J!lvanw Dulch," etc. For all persons under 10 years of age use the symbol "X." 

MENTAL AND PHYSICAL DEFECTS, ETC. 

22. Whether IfUffering from acute or chronic disease, with name of disease and length of 

time afflicted. 

If a person is suffering from acute or chronic disease so as to be unable to attend to ordinary business or duties, give the name of the disell8e and the length of time 

that it has lasted. 

23. Whelher defective in mind, sighi, hearing, or Irpeech, or Whether crippled, maimed, or deformed, wilh name of ,defect. 

(Text of questions on IV) 

If a person is mentslly or physically defective, state the nature of the defect. 

24. Whether a prisoner, convict, homeless child, or pauper. 

If the person is a prisoner, convict, homeless child, or pauper, be careful to so state, as "prison.er," "paupel'," etc. 

25. Supplememal ,chedule and page. 

H answers are required to inquiries 22, 23, or 24, indicate in this space the number 

of the supplemental schedule and page of schedule on whieh the spedal inquiries 

relating to such person have been answered. (See instructions concerning supplemental schedules.) 

OWNEHSHIP OF HOMES AND FARMS. 

26. 18 the home you live in hired, ori. il owned m} the head or by a rnembC1' of the family? 

If hired, say II Hired;J9 if owned, say "Owned," and indieate whether owned by 

head, vAfe, 80rt, daug}uer, or other member of family, 8.8 "Owned-head;" 1I Owned--

wife;" "Owned-soll," etC'. If there is more than one son or daughter in the family, and the home is owned hy one of them, indicate which one by using the 

figure at the head of the column in which thc name, ete., of the person is entered, as H Owned-son (4)." 

27. If owned m) head a)' member of family, is the h<nne free from mortgQ{le incurnbTancd 

If free from incumbrance, say "Free;" if mortgaged, say "Mortgaged." 

e8. If the head of family" a farmer, is Ihe farm which he cultivates hired, or is it <n»ned 

by him or by a member of his family,~ 

To he answered in the Bame manner as for inquiry 26. 

119. If owned by head or member of family, is 1M farm free from mortgage incumbrance' 

To be allilwered in the same manner as for inquiry 27. ' 

90. If the h<nne or farm is owned by Itrod or member of family, and rrwrIgCl{!ed, !five the 

polfl-ojJice address of owner. 

In answer to this inquiry the post-office address of the Owner of a rrwrIgCl{!ed home or farm must he correctly stated; that is, the post-office at which the Owner (whether 

head of family, wife, Bon, daughter, ete.) UllUallr receives his or her mail. In all case8 where it can not be definitely ascertmned whe.ther the home or farm is mortgaged or not return the pOBt-Ojfice addre88 of tM 0'UI1Ier, 80 tlw..t this ojfice can communicate with BUCh per8ons, In connection with the definition of mortgage incumbrance it should be stated 

that judgment notes or confessions of judgment, as in Pennsylvania and Virginm, 

the deeds of trust of many States, deeds with vendor'. lien clause, bonds or con- tracts for title that are virtwtlly mortgages, crop liew or mortgages upon crops, and 

all other legal instruments that partake of the nature of mortgages upon real estate, are to he regarded as such; hut mechanics' llellil are not to be regarded as mortgage incumbrances upon homes or farms. 

The enUlllerator should he careful to use the local name for the mortgage incUlllhrance when making the inquiries, and should not confine himself to thE> word 

"mortgage" when it will be misunderstood. 

Some of the difficulties which will arise in connection with the prosecution of the 

inquiries concerning homes and farms, and how they are to be treated, may be men- tioned, as follows: 

1. A house is not necessarily to be considered as identical with It home and to he 

counted only once as It home. If it i. occupied Oil a home by qne or more tenants, or hy owner and one or more tenantB, it is to he regarded Oil a home to each family. 

2. If It person owns and cultivates what has heen two or more farms and lives on one, they are not to be taken as more than one farm. 

3. If It person owns and cultivates what has heen two or more farms aud all are not mortgaged, the several farm. are to he counted as one farm and as mortgaged. 

4. If a person hires both the farm he cultivates and the home he lives in, or owns both, the home is to be cOllilidered as It part of the farm. 

5. If a person owns the home he lives in and hires the farm he cultivates, or owns the farm he cultivates and hires the home he lives in, both farm and home are to he 

entered upon the schedule, and separately_ • 6. If the tenant of a farm and iw owner )ive upOn it, either in the same house or in different houses, the owner is to be regar4ed as owning the home he lives in and 

the tenant as hiring the farm he cultivates. If the owner simply boards with the 

tenant, no account is to he I"ade of the owner. 7. If the same person Qwns and cultivates one farm and hires and cultivates 

another farm, he is to he entered upon the achedule as owning the farm he cultivates. 

8., The head of a family may own and' cultivate a farm and his wife may own another farm which is let to tenant, perhaps to her husband. In such case only the 

farm which is owned by the head of the family is to be considered, but the rented farm is to he taken account of when its tenant's familv is visited. 

9. A ,pcrson who cultivates a farm is not to lxncgardect. as hiring it if he works for a defimte and fixed compensation in money or fixed quantity of produce, but he 

is to he regarded as hiring it if he pays a rental for it or is to receive a share of 

the produce, even though he may he subject to some direction and control by the owner. 

SPECIAl. SClH;Duu:.-SUHVl\,I~G SOLDJEHS. SAILOl{S, :\;>;D :'>!ARl:\ES, Ai\D 

. WIDOWS, ETC'. 

Page i\o.; Sllpl'r\'i~or's distrid :\0.; El1IInlPratio1l (li~lril't i\o. 

Persolls whu~"n'c,l in thl' Army, ::\avy, :lllt! :'Ilarill(' ('"rp~ of the rnih'fj St:ltesduring 

the war of the relwllioll (who are survi\'urs), and widows of such pl'ro(ln~, in _, _, _" 

Cuuntv of _. _'_" State of _ .. _._, (,Illlll,erall'd in JUlie, 1890. _ ..... , EllUlIlI.'ratnf. 

Fro;)! ,,·heduie ;-';u, J: 

HO\l~c ;-';0. 

Falllily :\0, 

Names of ~lIr\'ivillg "')l,lil'r~, sail"r,;, 1I1l,llllarilll''':, and \\'iduw~. 

Rank_ 

COlllpany. 

;>;allll' of rpgilfwnt. or vl'ssel. 

Date of ,·nlistllll·nt. 

Date of tlischargl'. 

I ... 'llgth "I Sl·r\,j,·(,-Y (·ars; 11I"lIt II,,; daYH. 

Pu,,! "Ilk" ;"Id:. ',', 

Disability 1IlCllrn·,!. 

Hemarb, 

38 
A WEEKLY .I0Ull'HL OF PRACTlf'AL INFORMATION. 

Vol. LXIII, ..... 9. E,1'ABLI,UICl> 11>1:, 

THE NEW CENSUS OF THE UNITED STATEII-THE ELECTRICAL ENUMERATING MECHANISM.~ lSee page 132.J 

39 
1900 

"SCHEDULE NO. I-POPULATION" 

(l9W'x 18 5/8", printed on two sides, space for 50 entries on 

each side; reverse side was identical except for line 

numbers) 

(left) 

=,::ty . . ..................... ...... 1 I 

Name of incorporated city, town, 

LOCATION. NAME 

of each person whose place of abode on June 1, 1900, was in this family. 

Enter sumamp first, then the gIVen name and nllddlo mihal, If any 

Relo.tioD6hip of each person to tbe bead of the family 

INCLUDE evary person living on June I, 1900 

OMIT chlldren born nnce June 1, 1900 

2 

INSTRUCTIONS TO ENUMERATORS 

NAME AND RELATIONSHIP. 

108. Column 3. Name of each person enumerated.-Enter the 

name of every person whose usual place of abode (see paragraph 111) 

is in the family or dwelling place for which the enumeration is being 

made. The census day, that is, the day as of which the enumeration 

is made, is June 1, 1900. Include, therefore, every person living on 

June 1, 1900, or during any part of that day, and omit children born 

after that date. 

109. It is intended that the name of every man, woman, and child 

whose usual place of abode on the first day of Jwne, 1900, was within 

your district shall be entered on the population schedule, but no entry 

is to be made of a child born between the first day of June, 1900, ana 

the day of your visit, say June 5, June 15, etc., as the case may be. 

(See paragraph 94.) 

110. On the other hand, every person who was a resident of you~ 

district upon the first day of June, 1900, but between that date and the 

day of your visit shall have died, should be entered on the schedule 

precisely as if still living. The object of the schedule is to obtain a list 

of the inhabitants on the first day of June, 1900, and all changes after 

that date, whether in the nature of gain or loss, are to be disregarded. 

111. The census law furnishes no definition of the phrase" usual 

place of abode;" and it is difficult to guard against the danger that 

some persons will be reported in two places and others not reported at 

all. Much must be left to the judgment of the enumerator, who, if 

he will take the pains, can satisfy himself, in the great majority of instances, as to the propriety of including or not including doubtful cases 

in his enumeration of any given family. 

112, In the case of boarders at hotels, students at schools or coland inmates of iustitutions, ascertain whether the person concerning whom the question may arise has at the time any other place 

of abode within another district at which he is likely to be reported. 

,",P"HlTIf)v men are to be reported at their land homes, no matter 

how long they may have been absent, if they are supposed to be still 

alive. Hence, sailors temporarily at a sailors' boarding or lodging 

---~ • 

house, if they acknowledge any other home within the United States, are not 

to be included in the family of the lodging or boarding house. 

1 i3. Persons engaged in internal transportation, canal men, expressmen, railroad men, etc., if they habitually return to their homes in 

the intervals of their occupations, will be reported as of their families, 

and not where they may be temporarily staying on June 1, 1900. 

. 114. The transient guests of a hotel are not to be enumerated as of 

the hotel, unless they arc likely otherwise to be omitted from the enumer .. 

ation; but the proprietor and his family, and those boarders, employees, 

and servants who regularly sleep there are to be $0 included, 

115. The inmatesof.transient lodging-houses are to be Boenumerated, 

if they claim no other home or have no other place of abode. 

116. All inmates of hospitals or other institutions are to be enumerated; but if they have some other permanent place of reSidence, write it 

in the margin of the schedule on the left-hand side of the page. 

117. If a soldier, sailor, or marine (officer or enlisted man), or civilian employee in the service of the United States at a station at· home or 

abroad, is a member of a family living in your district, he should be enumerated as a member of that family, even though he may be absent on duty 

at the time of the enumeration, 

118. Summer boarders at hotels or country houses and persons temporarily residing in foreign lands should be enumerated as part C?f thllir 

family at their home or usual place of abode, 

119. The ftoating population in vessels, steamboats, and house boats at 

wharves and piers or river landings should be enumerated on the morning 

of June 1, as far as possible, by the enumerators of the districts contiguous to the water front, including in the enumeration all persons who claim 

to be residents of the United States, even though they have no other home 

than on board the craft where they are found; but the officers and crew of 

a foreign ship only temporarily in the harbor are not to be enumerated, . 

120. It is important to ascertain beyond a doubt whether the information given by the person supplying the same covers all the persons in the 

family, incluiling not only the immediate members of the family, all the 

head, wife, and children, but 11.1110 other relativlls living with the family, 

servants (if they sleop in tho hon!!e), and persons who live with the family, 

as boarders, lodgers, etc. 

40 
"SCHEDULE NO. I-POPULATION"-Continued 

(center) 

TWELFTH CENSUS 

1000 

lh(l CllS60lay ho. Seelustrtlctiolls.j 

Name of In.sti,tut;iOl't. 

;above-named division, 

/ 

;:"me on the... . ............ ... day of June, 1900, .. 

~~----~~--------~--~--------------------------~ PERSONAL DESCRIPTION NATIVITY 

~ ~ ] P~~t~~bJ~~~e~~ :f;~ tre~t~I~~ ~~~~~~~.ri~~~~~nb~~t~:I:!etio l:~:;ir~ ~~t;e .~ 

~ ~ n s ~ 

"-~"'.~~ ! '-"·~::l""·~·'""· ~ 

~~ i ~ ~ !l 3 

~ ~.,; ~ '0 'S 

~~ ~ "~ ]~ PERSON I of this person of thIs person 

~ !i ~ ~~ ~~ 1---__ - _ ~ 

< Z --~---

10 tl 12 ,. 

121. In the case of families reported "Ollt" at the first visit, but enumerated at a later visit, no spaces should be left blank on the population 

schedule for the entries concerning' the members of such a family, as you 

can have no knowledge,· in most cases, of the number of members constituting the family, and hence of the number of lines to be left blank. The 

enumeration of the family is to be made on that sheet of the population 

schedule on which you are at work on the day when the information concerning' such family is finally obtained by you. 

122. In the cuo, however, of boarders, lodgors, or other persona living 

in a family, for whom no information can be obtained at the first visit, 

but which is supplied later, either in person or throngh the lady of the 

house, you should duly onter the name of Buoh penon as a member of the 

family so enumorateo., and arrange to secure by a second or third visit, if 

necessary, the information needed to complete the record for such person. 

It is important that the person should be recorded by name at least as a 

member of the family with whom he resides, as otherwise the enumeration 

of that family will be incomplete, and if omitted from its propel.' place on 

the population schedule, such person is likely to be counted, when finally 

enumerated, as a family of one, which is not the fact. 

123, Enter the members of each family in the following order, 

namely: Head first, wife second, children (whether sons or daughters) 

in the order of their ages, and all other persons living with the family, 

whether relatives, boarders, lodgers, or servants. 

124, Enter first the surname, then the given name in full, ami the 

initial of the middle name, if any. Where the surname is the same as, 

that of the person on the preceding line indicate this by drawing a 

horizontal line (--) thereunder, as shown in illustrative example. 

125. Column 4. Relationship to head of family.-Designate the 

head of the family, whether a husband or father, widow or unmarried 

person of either sex, by the word" Head;" for other members of a 

family write wife, mother, father, son, daughtel', grandson, d.-in-law, aunt, 

nnele, nephew, ni.ece, boarder, lodger, servant, etc., according to the partieular relationship which the person bears to the head of the family. 

Occupants of an institution or school, living under a common roof, 

should be designated as officer, inmate, pupil, patient, prisoner, etc., and 

in case of the chief officer his title should be used, as warden, principal, super'intendent, etc. Institutions whose inmates occupy different 

buildings should be enumerated as though they occupied one institution building. If more than one family resides in the institution 

building or buildings, group the members together and distinguish 

them in some intelligible way. (See paragraph 103.) If two or more 

persons share a common abode as partners, write" head" fol' one and 

" partnel'" for the other or others. 

41 

! .. I 

PERAONAL DESCRIPTION. 

126. Column 5. Color or race.--Write "W" for white; "B" for 

black (negro or of negro descent) ; "Ch" for Chinese; "Jp" for Japanese, and "In" for Indian, as the case may be. 

127. Column 6. Sex.-Write" M" for male and" 1<''' for female, 

as the case may be. 

128. Column 7. Date of birth.-The object of this question is to 

help in getting the exact age in years of each person enumerated. 

Many a person who can tell the month and year of his birth will be 

ca,reless or forgetful in stating the years of his age, and so an error will 

creep into the census. This danger can not be entirely avoided, but 

asking the question in two forms will prevent it in many cases. 

129, Enter in the first division of column 7 the name or abbreviation of the month in which the person was born, thus: Jan., Feb., 

Mar., Apr., May, June, July, Aug., Sept., Oct., Nov., or Dec. 

130. Enter in the second division the year in which the person 

was born, thus: 1841, 1897, etc. 

1a1. Column 8. Age at last birthday.-The object of this question is to get the age of each person in completed years, or in the case 

of a child under one year the age in completed months. 

132, For each person of one year of age or over, enter thl) age at 

last birthday in whole years, omitting months and days. 1<'01' children 

who, on the first day of June, 1900, were less than one year of aO'e 

enter the age in months, or twelfths-of a year, thus: -{'l, -{'l' l~o; 

a ehild less than one month old, enter the age as follows: 

133, Endeavor to ascertain in each case the month year of 

birth called for in column 7, but where this is impossible get as nearly as possible the exact years of age. An answer given in round 

numbers, such as "about 30," "abDut 45," is likely to be wrong. In 

liuch cases endeavor to get the exact age. 

134. Column 9. Whether single, married, widowed, or divorced.-

IVrit.e " S " for single or unmarried persons, "M" for married, "W d" 

fOl' widowed (man or woman), and "D" for divorced. 

185. Column 10. Number of years married.-Enter in this column 

for all persons reported as married (COlumn 9) the number of years married (to present husband or wife), as 5, 9, 29, etc.; for persons married 

during the cen'sus year, that is, from June 1, 1899, to May 31, 1900, 

write "0;" for all other persons leave the column blank. Notice 

that this question can not be answered for single persons and need 

not be for widowed or divorced persons. 
1900 

"SCHEDULE NO. I-POPULATION"-Continuoo 

(right) 

CITIZENSHIP. 

18 

of each person TEN YEARS of 

and over. 

OCCUPATION . 

19 24 26 27 I 28 

,'-

• ·'1" 

----1----- ----- i---- 1 

! 1-- 2 

~~~~~-I-;_; __ I~~~~;_,~ 3 

136. Columns II and 12. Mother of how many children and 

number of these children living.-Thi& question applies only to wOlllen, 

and it. object is to get the nUllIber of children each wOlllsn has had, and 

whether the children are or are not living on the cenous day. Stillborn 

children are not to be counted. 

187. ,Enter in column 11 the figure showing the number of children born to this woman, as 1, 2, 3, 6, 10, etc. If she has had none, 

write "0." Enter in column 12 the figure showing the number of 

these children living on the census day. Whether the children are 

Ii ving in your district or elsewhere makes no differen.ce. If the 

woman has had no children, or if they are all dead, write "0." 

NATIVITY. 

138. Column 13. Place of birth of person.-The object of this 

question is to get the birthplace of every person living in your 

district. If the person was born in the United States, enter in column 

13 the state or territory (not city or town) of the United States in which 

be was born. A person born in what is now West Virginia, North 

Dakota, South Dakota, or Oklahoma should be reported as 80 born, 

although at the time of his birth the particular region may have had 

a different name. ' 

139. If the person was born outside the United States enter in 

column 13 the country (not city or district) in which h'e ~as born. 

By country is meant usually a region whose people have direct relation with other countries: Thus, do not write Prussia or Saxony, but 

Germany. To this rule, however, note the following exceptions: , 

140. Write Ireland, England, Scotland, or Wales rather than 

Great Britain. Write Hungary or Bohemia rather than Austria for 

persons born in Hungary or l?ohemia, resp~ctively. Write Finland 

rather than RUB.ia for person. born in Finland. 

141. Note, also, that the language spoken is not always a safe 

guide to the l>irthplace. This is especially true of Germans, for over 

one-third of the Austrians and nearly three-fourths of the Swiss speak 

German. In case a person speaks German, therefore, inquire carefully whether the birthplace was Germany, Austria, or Switzerland. 

142. In case the person speaks Polish, as Poland is not now a 

country, inquire whether the birthplace was what is now known as 

German Poland or Austrian Poland or Russian Poland, and enter the 

answer accordingly as Poland (G~r.), Poland (Aust.), or Poland 

(Russ.). 

42 

143. If the birthplace reported is Canada or Newfoundland, ask 

whether the person is of English or French descent. Write Canada 

English or Canada French, according to the answer. 

144. If the person was born abroad of American parents, write in 

column 13 both the birthplace and "Am. cit.;" that is, Anierican citizen. 

145. If the person was born at sea, write" at sea." 

146. Spell out the names of states, territories, and couneries, and 

do not abbreviate, except for American citizen, as mentioned in paragraph 144. 

14'1. Columns '4 and IS. Place of birth of father and mother.-

Apply the instructions for Jllling column 13 to these two columns; but 

where either the father or mother was born at sea, write in the proper 

column, beside the words" at sea," the birthplrce of the father's father 

or,mother's father. 

CITIZENSHIP. 

148. Column 16. Year of immigration to the United States.-lf 

tl.e person is a native of the United States, leave the column blank. 

If he was born al>road, enter the year in which he arrived in the 

United States. 

149. Column '7. Number of years in the United States.--If the 

person is a native of the United States, leave the column blank. II 

he was born abroad, enter the number of years since his arrival in the 

United States. Disregard all fractions of a year. Tf the time is less 

than one year, write "0." Endeavor to get the exact number of 

years in all cases. 

150. The question of imllligration (columns 16 and 17) applies to all 

foreign-born persons, male and female, of whatever age. It does not apply 

to person. born in the United States. 

151. Column 18. Naturalization.-If the person is a native of the 

United States, leave the column blank. If he was born abroad, and 

has taken no steps toward becoming an Arneriean citizen, write "AI" 

(for alien). If he has declared his intention to hecome an American 

citizen and taken out his" first" papers, write" Pa" (for papers), If 

he has become a full citizen by taking' ont seeolHl or final papers of 

naturalization, write "Na" (for naturalized). 

152. The question of naturalization (column 18) applies only to foreign-born males 21 years of age and over. It does not apply to foreignborn minors, to foreign~b-orn females, or to any person, male or female, 

who was born in the United States, either of nati"e or foreign parentage. 
OCCUPATION, TRADE, OR PROFJ<~SSION. 

153. No'rE.-Tn." foUowlng In,,trucUon,, con"e,.nlng tbe rea .. ,.n of tBle o"c .. p .. ti.on, t .... de, 0" p!l'ofe""ion In ""Iumn 19 do 

not, I.n the malin, fO!l'm .. p .. ,.t of tbe In"t!l'ucUOi'" cont .. ined I.n 

tbe pO!l'Uolio 0,. the inst"uction" printed .. t tbe bolt,,. .. olf the 

iiHuf%trat:lve exa1tlllplet> These inti&rtrnctions are very hll:,hI1l0rtll!.lill.t, 

howew",-, .... d ""' .. ,,' be not only .. "ad but ", .. dIed c.U'erully. 

Column 19. Occupation.--This question applies to every person 

10 years of age and over \"':'!:to is at work, that is, occupied in gainful labor, 

and calls for the profession, trade, 01' branch of work npon which each 

person depends chiefly for support, or in which he is engaged ordinarily during the larger part of the time. (See paragraph 223.) 

155. This is a most important. question. In reporting occupations 

avoid the 11se of general or indefinite terms which do not indicate the 

kind of 1VQ1'k done. You need not give a person's occupation just as he 

expresses it. If he can not tell intelligibly what he i8, find out what 

he doe8, and describe his occupation accordingly. Endeavor to ascertain always the kind of work done, and so state it. 

156. Indicate in every case the kind of work done or character of service rendered. Do not state merely the article made or worked UpOll, or the 

place where the work is done. }'or example, the reply" carriage builder," 

or "works ;11 carriage factory,"-la ullsatisfactory, because men of different 

trades, such aa blacksmiths, jOil1ors, wheelwrights, painters, upholsterers, 

work together in building carriages. Suoh an answer, therefore, does not 

show what kind of work the person performs. 

157. Return every person according to his own occupation, not that of 

his employer. For e:l!:amplo, describe a blacksmith employed by a manu-' 

facturer of carriages as II carriage blacksmith and not a8 a carriage builder, 

or a cooper employed by a brewery as a cooper and not a brewer, etc. 

158. If a person has two occupations, enter the mOTe important ono, 

that is, the one from wh\ch he gets the more money. If you can not learn 

that, enter tho one in which he spends the more time. For example, 

describe a person who gets most of his income by managing a farm, but 

also preaches, as a "farmer," but if he gets more income from his preaching, describe him as a "preacher" and not as a farmer. 

159. Sometimes you will find a person engaged in one occupation, but 

claiming a different one. This will be common in certain resorts for invalid's. Snch persons often take up for the time occupations different from 

those followed at home. For example, you may find a olergyman canvassing for books or a physician herding cattle. In such a case ask from which 

occupation the person gets the more money or to which 'he gives more time 

during the year. 

160. If a married woman has a gainful occupation, return the occupation accordingly, whether she does the work at her home or goes regularly 

to a place of employment, and whether she is regularly or only occasionally 

so employed. For 6:l!:ample, "milliner," "dressmaker," "nurse," etc. 

16 L Ill. farming sections, where a farm is found that is under the 

management or supervision of It woman as owner or teuant, return the 

occupation of such woman as "farmer" in all cases. 

162. Report a student who supports himself by some occupation accord· 

ing to the occupation, if more time is given to that, but as a student, if 

more time is givel1 to study. ThuB report a student who does stenographic 

work as a student unless more of his time is spent in stenography. Report 

a salesman in a grocery store, who attends a night sohool as "salesman, 

groceries," because most of his day is spent in the store. (See paragraph 

219.) 

163. Many a person who does not follow any occupation still has an 

income. Iu that case indicate the source of the income. Report a person 

Whose income comes from the rent of lands or buildings as "landlord." 

Report a person wl10 receives his income, or most of it, from money loaned 

at interest, Of from stocke, bonds, or other securities, as a "capitalist." 

164. Abbreviations.-The space in column 19 is somewhat narrow, 

and it may be necessary to use the following abbreviations (but no other.) : 

Agric., for agricultural. 

Agt., for agent. 

Asst., for assistant. 

Co., for company. 

Comsn., for commission. 

Dept., for department. 

. F'cty., for factory. 

Insur., for insurance. 

Merch., for merchant. 

Mfg., for manUfacturing. 

Mfr., for manufacturer. 

Prest., for president. 

R. R., for railroad or railway. 

Sch. , for school. 

Secy., for socrete.ry. 

Supt. , for superintendon t. 

1.'eleg., for telegraph. 

Telph. , for telephone. 

1.1rav., fo).' traveling, or traveler. 

1.'reas., for treasurer. 

43 

1900 

165. The illustrations given under this head show the nature of the 

!tnBwero which should be made to this inquiry. They are not intended to 

cover all occupations, but are merely olUlmplos of the answers desired in 

order to S80ure It proper description of the character of the sorvice rendered 0).' kind of work done by ellch and every person engaged in gainful 

labor. 

Agricultural Pursuits. 

166. Do not confuse a farma with a farm laborer. If a person 

works on a farm for a stated wage (in money or its equivalent), even 

though he may be a Ron or other relative of the person who conductR 

the farm, he should he entered as afarm laborer, and not as a farmer. 

On the other hand, if a person owns or rents a farm, or operates it. 

with or for another person, for a fixed share of the prodnct..9, he shoul,\ 

be cmtered as a farmer, and not as a farm laborer. Enter t.he older 

children of a farmer (who work on the farm) as farm laborers, except 

when a father and son (or sons) jointly operate the farm for fixed 

shares of the product. (See paragraph 300.) 

167. Do not coninae a day laborer at work for the city, town, or 

at odd jobs with a farm laborer at work on the farm or plantation or 

in the employ of gardeners, nurserymen, etc. Do not say simply 

_" lalxtrer," but state in every case the kind of work done, as day 

laborer, farm lahoreI', garden laborN, etc. If a person is a laborer in a 

mill, workshop, or faetory, specify the fact., in addition to the word 

laborer, as laborer (cement 1VorkB) , dc. 

168. Distinguish between a woodchopper at work regularly in the 

woods or forests and an ordinary laborer who takes a job occasionally at 

chopping wood. 

t G9. Distingnish between It farmer or a planter who owns, hiros, or 

carries on a farm or plantatiol1, an!l a yar<iener, fruit gruwer, nurseryman, 

florist, or uine yrower, etc., who is engaged il1 raising vegetables for market or in the CUltivation of fruit, flowers, seeds, nursery products, etc. 

170. Avoid the confusion of the [larden laborer, nll1'SI'1:/ la.borcr, etc., 

who hires out his services, with the proprietor gardener, fiorist, nurseryman, etc., who carries on the business himself or employs others to assist 

him. 

171. Return as a da-irYlrlan or dair.'lll'lmwn any person whose occupation in connection with the farm has to do chiefiy with the dairy. Do not 

confuse such a person with an employee of a bntter aud cheese or coudensed milk factory, wbo should be separately returned by some distinctive term. 

172. Return a stul'k "''1'dl'}, or stol'k dro?'l'r separately from a stuck 

raJ,'ier. 

i 7:3. Do not include a lmlliJcrlluln, raf/small, 10[1 dril'er, etc., engaged 

in hauling or transporting lumber (generally by water) from the forest 

to the mill with an employee of a lumber yard or a lumbcr mill. 

Fishing. 

174. For a fiRherman or oysterman describe the occupation as accurately as possible. Be careful to avoid the return of a fisherman 011 a 

vessel as a sailor. If he gains his living by fishing, he should be returned 

as a "fisherman," and not as a sailor. 

Mining and Quarrying. 

.I 7 is. Make a careful distinction between a ('oal 111 iner and a miner oj 

ores; also between a miner and a 'luarTyuwn_ State the kind of ore mined 

or stone quarried. 

176. Do not return a proprietor or offil';"l of a mining or quarrying 

company as a miner or quarryman, but state his business or official positiol1 

accurately. 

Professional Pursuits. 

177. Specify each profession in detail, according to the fact, as follo'IVs: 

Ador, artist or tea_cher of (1(-/, clergyman, deu!i.,', designer, draftsma.n, 

engraver, 60;1 engineer ur '''"tIN'!!Or, mechanical or rninin!l engirwer, go'/!-

erruneut c[f>rk ()r (~Uieial, jo/tJ'ltuU.<;t, lawyer, lihrarian, 'mu..qi.cian or {faeher of 

music, physician, surgeon, professor (in college or university), teacher (in 

Bchool) , or other pllrsuits of a professional nature. 

178. Distinguish between an actor, a theatrical manager, and a showman . 

179. Return a government officia.l, in the service of the national, state, 

county, City, or town government, by the title of his office, if that is the 

occupation upon which he depends chiefly for a livelihood; otherwise by 

hi. usual trade or profession. 
1900 

180. Distinguish between a government clerk occupying a position 

under tho national, state, county, city, or town government and a clerk 

in an office, store, manufacturing establishment, etc. 

181. Return a veterinary surgeon separately from another Burgeon. 

182. DistinguiBh a journal'ist ed'itor, or reporter from an author or 

other literary person who does not follow journalism as a distinct profession. 

183. Return a cherrd8t, as.,ayer, metallurgist, or other sci~ntific person 

-by his distinctive title. 

Domestic and Personal Service. 

184. Specify each occupation or kind of service rendered in detail, 

according to the fact, as hotel keeper, board'ing-house keeper, restaurant 

keeper, saloon keeper, or bartender; IWWlekeeper, cook, or servant (in hotel, 

boarding-houae, hospital, institution, private family, etc.); barber or hairdresser; janitor, sexton, or undertaker; nurse or midwife,. watchman, policeman, or detective. The above are given only as examples of the occupa .. 

tions which would naturally be included under this general clas8 of work. 

185. Return as a housekeeper a woman who receives a stated wage 

or salary for her services, and do not confuse her with a woman who 

keeps house for her own family or for herself, without any gainful 

occupation, or with a grown daughter who assists in the household 

duties without pay. A wife or daughter who simply keeps house for 

her own family should not be returned as a housekeeper in any case. 

(See paragraph 218.) 

186. A clerk in a hotel, restaurant, or saloon should be so described 

and carefully distingUiShed from a blll·lende1'. In many instances II bartender will state his occupation as "clerk" in wine store, etc., but the 

character of the service rendered by such a person will readily determine 

whether he should be classed as a. "bartender," or as a "clerk." 

187. A stationary engineer or fireman should be carefully distinguished from a locomotive engineer or fireman. 

188. A Boldier, Bailor, or marine enlisted in the service of the United 

States should bE' so returned. Distinguish between an officer and an 

enlisted man, and for a civilian employee state the kind of service performed by him. 

Pursuits of Trade and Transportation. 

iSH. Distinguish carefully between a realestale agenl, insIL/'IlIII'f apl'lIl, 

/'/uim agent, or commission agent, etc. 

1 \)0. If a person combines two or more of these occupations, as is 

often the case, return the occupation from which he derives the larger 

share of his income. 

lD 1. Return an accountant, bookkeeper, clerk, cashier, etc., according 

to his distinctive occupation, and state the kind of service rendered, as 

Iu·(·onnl(mt-in .. mrauce; /iOokkeeper-11'/lOlewle dr!l goods; clerk-gas" mll/-

lHUty; ca)~hier-mu8i(' store. 

102. Du not confoulHl a clerk with a salesman, as is often dom', 

eHpecially in dry goods stores, grocery stores, amI provision storl'". 

Generally speaking, a perHon so employed is to be comidcred as u 

salesman, mlless most of his service is in the office on the hooks 

and aceounts; otherwise he shonl,\ he r..turner! as "uie"man-d'l"Y yo{){l,,; 

8((leS1fIUIl-gr:o('('ries, etc, 

Ina. A stenographl'r or typell'riter should be reported as such, and 

should not be described simply as a "clerk," 

1!)4. Distinguish carefully between a /mu/.: ciel'I .. , i:lIshiain /iOIlIc, or 

!)unl .. (~tJici(/l, describing the particular position filled in each caso. In no 

case should a /!Unk cashier be confounded with a cashier in a store, etc. 

105. Distinguish between a foreman and overseer, a packer and shipper, 

a porter and helper, and an errand, office, and messenger boy in a store, 

etc., and state in each case the character of the duties performed by him, as 

j(J'rmwn-wholesale 11'00/; packer-rrockery; porter-rn/I/Jer goo,I,,; 1'1'-

1'(In<l boy-dry goods; me"senger boy-telegraph. 

IH6. State the kind of merchant or dealer, as dry good" 1Ila('/wlil. 

"'o(HI and coal (ZeaIO', etc. Whenever a single word will express the business carried on, as gro('cr, it should be used. 

107. In the case of a huckster or peddler also state the kind of gooda 

sold, as 'peddler-tinware. 

1 H8. Distinguish a traveling salesman from a salesman in a store, 

~eturn the former as a "{'{)mmercial tml'1'ler," and state the kind of goods 

sold by him. 

lOn. Return a boarding or livery stable kapf'r separately from a host/I'I' 

0:' other stable employee. 

44 

200. Distinguish also between an expressman, teom.,II'r, <lraYOl(ln, and 

l'l(rriage and hack driver. 

201. A steam railroad employee should be reported according to the 

nature of his work, as baggageman, brakeman, conductor, railroad la/lllr"", 

IIJcomoth'c ('ngineer, locomotive fireman, switchman, yardman, etc. 

202. An offir:ial of a l'uilroad, Iflegraph, e.J.'lIreS8, or uti,eI' ('oOlpany 

should be returned by his title and carefully distinguished from an employee of such company. 

203. Return a boatman, cmwlmail, pilol, longshoreman, stevedo1'e, or 

sailor (on a steam or sailing vessel) according to his distinctive occupation. 

204. A telegraph operator, telephone operator, telegraph lineman, telephone lineman, elec/Tie-light man, etc., should be reported according to the 

nature of the work performed. 

Manufacturing and Mechanical Pursuits. 

205. In reporting this class of occnpations there are many difticulties in 

tho way of showing the kind of work done rather thau the article made or 

the place worked in. The nature of certain occupations is Sllch that it is 

well-nigh impoS8ible to find propedy descriptive terms without the use of 

oome expression relating to the article made or place in which the work is 

carried on. 

206. Do not accept" maker" of an artie1e or "works in" mill, 

shop, or factory, but strive always to find out the particular work 

done. 

207. Do not use the words" factory operative," but speeify the 

kind of work done, as cotton mill--spinner; si.lk miU-weaver, etc. 

208. Avoid in all cases the use of the word" meehanic," and state 

whether a rarpenter, mawn, house pa'inter, machin'ist, plumiJer, etc. 

209. Do not say "finisher," "molder," "polisher," etc., but describe th~ work done, as brass Ji:nisher, iron ?/Iolder, steel polishet', etc. 

210. Distinguish between a person who tends machines and the unskilled workman or laborer in mills, factories, and workshops. 

211. Describe the proprietor of the establishment as a "manufacturer," and specify the branch of manufacture, as coiton manufacturer, 

etc. In no caae should!!. manufacturer be returned as a "maker" of an 

article. 

212. In the caso of an apprentice, state the trade to which apprenticed, as Apprentice-carpenier, etc. 

213. Distinguish between a butcher, whose business is to slaughter 

cattle, swine, etc., and a provision dealer, who sells meats. 

214. Distinguish also between a glover, hatter, or fun'iCl' who actually 

makes in his own establishment all or part of the gloves, hats, or furs 

which he sells, and a person who simply deals in but does not make these 

articles. 

215. Do not describe II person in a printing office as a "printer" 

where a more expressive term can be used, as cOll/positor, prl'8811lan, prl'.,s 

/feder, etc. 

216. Make the proper distinction between a clock or walch" lIHtkfl' " 

and a clock or waich "-repairel·." Do not apply the word "jeweler" to 

those who :make watches, watch chains, or jewelry in large emtablimhmentm. 

217'. Distinguish between a cloakrnaker, dre .• smaker, 8eam,qtre88, lailores .• , 

etc. In the case of a sewing-machine operator, specify the kind of work 

done. 

Nongainful Pursuits. 

218. If a person is attending school write "at Bchoo!." No entry in 

column 19 should be made, however, for II lawyer, merchant, manufaoturer, 

etc., who has retired from practice or business; nor for a wife or daughter 

living at home and assisting only in the household duties without pay (see 

paragraph 185); nor for a person too old to work, or a child under 10 years 

of age not at school. 

21 n. The doing of domestic errands or family chores out of school 

hours, where a child regularly attends school, is not an occupation. But 

if a boy or girl, above 10 years of age, is earning money regularly by 

labor, contributing to the family support, or appreciably assisting in 

mechanical or agricultural industry, the kind of work performed should 

be stated. (See paragraph 162.) 

220. In the case of an inmate of an institution or home, such as a 

hospital, asylum, home for the aged, soldiers' home, penitentiary, jail, 

etc., no entry is required in column 19 unless the inmate is actually 

engaged in remunerative work for which he receives a stated wage in addition to his board. The occupation of an officer or regular employee of 

&uch institntion or home, however, i8 to be entered in this column, the 

same as for all other persons having a gainful occupation. 
~~ 1. Column 20. Months not employed.--The object of this qUPHt.ion is to get the nlllllber of months (or parts of months) in the ('('nsus year (June 1, 1 89IJ, to May 31, 1900) during which (·adl pm'SOIl 

having a gainful occupatioll was not employed. For those who have 

no gainful o('.('upatioll, leave the column hlank. 

2 2 ~. The does net contemplate that this question shall apply 

solely to tho principal occupation in which tho person may have been 

engaged during the year, but it is tho intent to lind out the number of 

months (or parts of months) during which a person ordinarily engaged in 

gainful labor was not emvloyed at all. 

2~:t A return is required in columns 19 and 20 for each and every 

vor80n 10 years of ago and over who was engaged in gainful labor during any part of the census year (Juno 1,1899, to May 31,1900, inclusive), 

or who is ordinarily occupied in remunerative work but during the census 

year was unable to sacure work of any kind. In the latter case enter hie 

customary occupation, as carvonter, bricklayer, etc., in column III and the 

figure" 12" in column 20 to show that, although he had an occupation or 

trade, he was not employed at all during the year at that or any other 

kind of work. 

J<mUCATION. 

224. Column 21. Attended school (in months) .-For all persons 

aU('nding: school during the year ending June 1, 1900, enter the number of months (or part.s of months) of school attendance, ~~ 9, 8~, ete. 

I f a person of SdlOOI age did not attend school at all during the year, 

write" 0." For all other persons to whom the inquiry is notapplieahie, leave the column blank. 

225. Column 22. Can read.-Write "Ye8" for all persons 10 

years of age an(l over who can rrad any language, and "No" for all 

other persons of that age who can itot read in any language. For 

persons under 10 years, leave t.he column blank. 

2~($. Column 23. Can write.-Write "Yes" for all persons 10 

years of age and ov('r who can write any language, and "No" for all 

other persons of that age who can not write in any language. For 

persons under 10 years, leave the column ·blank. ' 

227. The inquiries in columns 22 and 23 are intended to sh0w the 

literacy of all persons 10 yoars of ago and over, and should be answered 

a"cording as they are able to read or write the language ordinarily spoken 

by them. 

2~8. Column 24. Can speak English.-Write "Yes" for all persons 10 yt'ars of age and over who call speak English, and" No" for all 

otlwr persons of that age who can not speak English. For persons 

under 10 years, leave the column blank. 

OWNERSHIP OF HOME. 

229. Fill columns 2.5,26, and 27 for each head of family only; for 

every ot.her person, leave the columns blank. 

2aO. Column 25.-Jf t.he horne is owned, write "0." If it is 

l'Pllted, write" R." 

2:~ 1. Column 26.-If the home is rented, leave the column blank. 

If it is OWllC,,] <lndlilortgaged, write" M." If it is oWlled free from 

lllortgage inclllnbranee, write" F." 

2a2. Column 27,~If t.he home is a farm, write" F." If it is only 

a housf', write" lr." 

2:3a. Column 28.~If the home is only a honse, leave' the colulllll 

blank. If the home is a farm, write the number of its farm schedule; 

that is, the farm number as reported on Schedule No.2, relating to 

agriculture. Enter the number of each farm schedule on the line for the 

member of the family by whom the farm is operated. (See paragraphs 

246 and 277.) 

284. Definition' of home.-I1y the word "home" in the census is 

meant any placo of abode inhabited by any person or persons, whether it 

is a house, a tent, a' boat, or whatever it may be. If any such place of 

abode is inhabited by more than one family, it is the home of each of them, 

and it may accordingly be counted as two or more homes instead of one. 

The family (see paragraphs 102-106) is the basis for all inquiries in 

columns 25. 26, and 27. 

~:35. A home occupied by a family engaged in farming, gardening, 01' 

any other form of agricultural production includes the land cultivated. 

If occupied by a family not 80 engaged, it includes only the dwelling and 

the ground occupied by it, with the appurtenances thereto. 

45 

1900 

2:HL In case a family resides in a tent or boat, write in column 27 the 

word H tent jj or .. boat." 

~87. If a family cultivates a farm, but resides in a house detached from 

the farm, in a village or elsewhere, the farm and the house must jointly 

be considered the family home and that home a farm, unless the chief 

occupation of the person operating the farm is something other than 

farmillg. In the latter case, the house alone is to be regarded as the home. 

(See.varagraphs 269-270.) 

2:3S. Owned or rented.---A home is to be class.ed as "owned" whenever the title, in whole or in part, is vested in any member of the family 

(not a boarder) by which the house is occuvied. It is owned if any memo 

ber of the family has a life interest or estate in it; or if it is occupied by 

a settler on the public domain who has not" proved up;" or if it is held 

under a contract or bond for a deed, or occupied for redemption purposes 

after having been sold for debt. (See paragraph 295.) It is not necessary 

that full payment for ·the property should have been made. All homes 

not owned as herein explained are to be classed as "rented." 

~39. In case of a farm part of which is owned and part rented; or in 

case different members of the same family operate different farms, of 

which one is owned and the other rented; or in case of the cultivation of 

a farm by a family which does not reside upon the farID, but elsewhere, 

the dwelling being owned and the farm rented, or, on the contrary, the 

farm being owned and the dwelling rented, the principle avplies that 

"part ownership is ownership." In all . these and similar cascs write in 

column 25 the letter" 0." 

~40. Following the same general rule, if a family occupies a house 

upon leased land for which "ground rent" is paid, and the building is 

owned by any member of the family (not a boarder), write" 0." Owner" 

ship of the building and not the ground, or of the ground and not the 

building, by the occupant, is part ownerShip. 

241. If, of two families occupying the same house, one has an interest 

in it, and the other not, the home occupied by the former is to be returned 

as "owned," but that occupied by the other as "rented." 

242. Free or mortgaged.-The question in column 26 applies only to 

homes which arc owned (in whole or in part, as explained abovej-, Its 

aim is to ascertain whether the home, or so much of the home as is owned 

by the occupant, has been fully paid for and is without incumbrance of any 

sort, either in the form of a mortgage or otherwise. This question has nry 

relation to rented property. 

24:3. All homes which are not fully paid for, or upon which there is 

any incumbrance in the form either of a mortgage or of a lien upon which 

judgment has been had in a court, are to be reported as mortgaged, but 

no others. 

244. Liabilities or incumbrances of any sort which attach to land 

occupied in connection with a home, but not owned by the family, are not 

to be regarded as mortgages upon the home. For instance, if, as men" 

tioned in paragraphs 239 and 240, in the case of a 'farm partly owned and 

partly rented, or in that of two' farms, one of which is owned and the 

other rented, or in that of a house erected by the occupant upon ground 

owned by another verson, there is a mortgage upon the leased land, but 

not upon the farm or portion of a farm or dwelling owned by the occupant, 

the house is to be returned as free from mortgage. 

~45. Farm or house.-The letter" F" in column 27 means that some 

member of the family overate. a farm, which should be separately reported 

on the agricultural schedule, and its number in the order of visitation en" 

tered in column 28. In all other cases enter in column 27 the letter" H," 

Usually a farmer resides upon his farm, and persons who reside on farms 

are farmers. If, however, a family resides upon a farm, but no member 

of the family opera teB it, wri to "H." On the other hand, if a farm is 

operated by any person who does not reside upon it, but off the farm, in a 

village or elsewhere, enter against the name of the head of the family of 

which such person is a member the letter" F." 

24(;. Farm number.-The serial number of each farm reported, in the 

order of visitation, is to be entered in column 28, precisely as the numbers 

of houses and families enumerated are entered in columns 1 and 2. (See 

paragraphs 98-101 and 102-106.) This number should, in every instance, 

be the same as the number in the heading of the corresponding farm 

schedule. (See paragraphs 233 and 277.) 
1900 

NO. INDIAN 

. (19W'x 18%", printed on two sides, space for 20 entries on 

each side, reverse side contained continuation of instructions. 

(face, bottom, left} 

OTHER NAME, IF ANY. 

The top of the questionnaire contained questions 1·28 which 

were identical with those on the general schedule.) 

NATIVITY. '-'-"-.-~"'-'~-"'~"'" I Tribe of this INDIAN. Tribe of F A'rHElt of this 

Indian. 'rribe of MOTHER of this Indian. 

29 

1 

(face, bottom, center) 

% 

~SCHEDU 

~ {NQ I 

/ 

Has this Indian any white hlood; 

if so, how much? 

(0, X, %, or Ya.) 

I 

CONJUGAL I 

CONDITION. 

Is this Indian, if Is this Indian married, living in taxed? polygamy? (See instructions.) 

34 35 

30 

Year of acquiring 

citizenship. 

36 

46 

31 

I 'Vas citizenship , acquired 

by allotment? 

37 

---~------

I 

DWELLINGS. 

Is this Indian living in a fixed or in a movable dwelling? 

38 

32 
~ 

"SCHEDULE NO. INDIAN POPULATION" -Continued 

(face, bottom, right) 

"<>-\ 

INSTRUCTIONS FOR FILLING THIS SCHEDULE.. 

This modifie,l form of Sehedule No. 1 is to be used in making the 

ellumeration of Indians, both those on reservations and those liying in 

family groul's "utsi<l~ of resern,tions. 

Detached Indians living either in white or negro families outside of 

res8nations should be enumerated on the general population schedule (Form 

,-224) as members of the families in which they are found; but detached 

whites or negroes living in Indian families should be enumerated on this 

schedule as members of the Indian families in whic:1 they are found. In 

other words, e,oery family composed mainly of Indians should be reported 

nli irely on this schedule, and every family composed mainly of 'persons not 

Indian should be reported entirely on the general population schedule. 

This schedule contains on each side twenty horizontal lines, each running twice across the page, and it is consequently possible to enumerate on it 

only forty persons (twenty persons on the A side and twenty persons on the 

B side). Each Indian should be carried through from the beginning to the 

end of the line on which he is entered, as line 1, line 2, etc., and each inquiry 

from column 1 to column 38 which applies to the individual case should be 

answered. 

COLl.:M:-TS 1 TO 28.-These columns are identical with those on the general 

population schedule. Fill each column, so far as the inquiry applies, in 

accordance with the instructions for fining the corresponding columns in the 

general population schedule, but note the following additional instructions in 

relation to filling columns 1, 2, and 19: 

COLl.:MNS 1 A:>D 2.-If you are canvassing a given territory with both 

the general population schedule (Form 7-224) and this schedule for Indian 

population, make h,oo independent series of numbers for these columns, one 

serie' in each kiwI of schedule, so that the last numbers on the two schedules 

when added together will conedly gi,oe tb' wh~le number of dwellings and 

of families yisited awl enulllerated in your entire distrid. 

COLLOM:> IG.-If ill(' Indian 11a, no occupation and is wholly depemlpnt 

Oll tho GU"'TllllHmt for support, write· "Ration Indian." If he is partly selfsupporting and partly ,l"l)elldent upun the GoYernmellt, write th,' occnpatioll 

all\1 then th" It'tter "R" (for ration). If the Indian is under ten ~oears of 

age and l'l'('f'iYes rations, write "l~lH.ll..'l' agp-lt" 

INSTRUCTIONS CONTINUED ON "B" SIDE OF SHEET. 

(back, bottom, 

INSTRUCTIONS FOR FILLING THIS SCHEDULE. 

(CONTINUED FROM "A" SIDE OF SHEE~f.) 

The following instructions apply to eolumns ~') to 3B: 

COLl.:~lN 29.-Write the Indian name, if the person has one, in addition 

to the English name given in column 3. If the Indian has only one Hame, 

Indian or English, repeat the name in this column. 

COLUMNS 30, 31, A:-TD 32.-If the Indian was born in this country 

answers should be obtained, if possible, to inqniries 1:3, 14, and 15, relating 

to the state of birth of the person and of his or her parents. In any event 

secure the name of the tribe with which the person is connected and the name 

of the tribe of his or her parents, and enter the same in columns 30, 31, and 32. 

COLl.:MN S3.-If the Indian has no white blood, write 0. If he or she has 

white blood, wlite t, t, t, whichever fraction is nearest the truth. 

COLUMN 34.-If the Indian man is liying with more than one wife, or if 

the Indian woman is a plural wife or has more than one husband, write 

"Yes." If not, write "No." If the Indian is single, leave the column blank. 

CITIZENSHIP.-If the Indian was born in this country, no entry can be 

made in columns 1(" 17, or 18; but for columns 35, 36, and 37 answers must 

be obtained. If the Indian was born in another country, answers will be 

made both in columns H;, 17, and 18, and in lOolumns :15, 3G, and 37, in accordance with the facts. 

COL1JMN 35.-An Indian is to be considered "taxed" if he or she is 

detached from his or her tribe and living among white people as an individual, and as such subject to taxation, whether he or she actually pays 

taxes or not; also if he or she is living with his or her tribe but has received 

an allotment of land, and thereby has acquired citizenship; in either of these 

two cases the answer to this inquiry is "Yes." 

An Indian on a reservation, without an 

settled territory, is considered "not taxed," and for 

to this inquiry is "No." 

or roaming over UIlIndians the answer 

COLUMN :lti.-If the Indian was'b<lrn in tribal relations, but has acquired 

American citizenship, write the year in which it was acquired. If he Or she 

has not acquired citizenship, leave the column blank. 

COLUMN :l7.-If the Indian acquired citizenship by receiving an allotment 

of land from the Government, write "Yes." If he or she acquired citizenship 

by other means, write "~o." If he or she has nut aC'luired American citizenship, leave the wlumn blank. 

COLtO}!N :IS.-If the Indian is living in a tent, tepee, or other temporary 

structure, writ,~ "movable". If he or she is liying ill a permanent dwelling 

of any kind, write" fixed." 

i 
(left) 

(left center) 

;, 

" :: 

~ 

" ~ 

"0 " 

<;) 

6 

1 

2 

3 

4: 

.;, 

..: 

:z 

~. 00.,. 

::-0 "'" 

" ., 

... 

"'I 

.. 8 

1 

now 

II flng. 

Il 10 11 

NAME OF INCORPORATtJ) PLACE 

NATIY1TY. 

Place of blrt~ or e!M:h 'P~ftlon and paN'nts of cn~h peNwn siva th. otaf,o or territory. if of fordgn 

PI .. e. of birth of til to Person. 

12 

48 

P!~ce or birth of ~'athor of thl. PI"". of birth or Mother of u.!. p.,..,on. 
"1910--POPULA TION" -Continued 

(right center) 

E 

~I 

I:;::;"~' "~. " 

E'" F;ogll.li· e to .peak 

~ i'; Wbether sbl 

~_~I ghell,,"!:u

or

, If Dot 

~-- ..... " .. : 

OF 

18 

________ ., 19 I o. 

--. __ O_CCUP ATION. 

~_" 19 I" - 17 1-= ----------------------.-- 1=----- ==--~----.. --------=[ _______ J __ 

~\:::~~----------====== (right) 

~DISTRICT No. , __ ._ ~DISTRICT No. -.. -.-----.- i 

~CI TY.___________:_-:_~:::::_ i 

~---:~:::~;:~--------.----------•• ENUMERATOR 

~I ~ I: . ,..,,,m, " BOD. 

~I:;l ~ ~~~ <-

"" 

8-1589 

SHEET NO. 

Ii: 

30 31 

49 

A 

1 

2 

3 

1910 

20 
1910 

INSTRUCTIONS TO ENUMERATORS 

92. Column 1. Number of dwelling house in order of visilation.--In 

this column the first dwelling house you visit should be numbered as 

"1," the second as "2," and so on until the enumeration of your 

district is completed. The number should always be entered opposite 

the name of the first person enumerated in each dwelling house, and should 

not be repeated for other persons or other families living in the same 

house. (See illustrative examplc, line 9, and omission of number at 

line 13 for second family in the same house.) 

93. Dwelling house defined.--A dwelling house, for census purposes, 

is a place in which, at the time of the census, one or more persons 

regularly sleep. It need not be a house in the usual sense of the word, 

but may be a room in a factory, store, or office building, a loft over a 

stable, a boat, a tent, a freight car, or the like. A building like a tenement or apartment house counts as only one dwel1ing house, no matter 

how many persons or families live in it. A building with a partition 

wall through it and a front door for each of the two parts, however, 

counts as two dwelling houses. But a two-apartment house with one 

apartment over the other and a separate front door for each apartment 

counts as only one dwelling house. 

94. Column 2. Number of family in order of visitation.-In this 

column number the families in your district in the order in which they 

are enumerated, entering the number opposite the name of the head oj 

EAcHjamily, as shown on the illustrative example. Thus the first family you visit should be numbered as "1," the second as "2," and so on, 

until the enumeration of your district is completed. 

95. Family defined.-The word "family," for census purposes, 

has a somewhat different application from what it has in popular usage. 

It means a group oj persons living together in the same dwelling place. 

The persons constituting this group mayor may not be related by ties 

of kinship, but if they live together forming one hous~hold they should 

be considered as one family. Thus a servant who sleeps in the house 

or on the premises should be included with the members of the family 

for which he or she works. Again, a boarder or lodger should be included with the members of the family with which he lodges; but a 

person who boards in one place and lodges or fooms at another should 

be returned as a member of the family at the place where he lodges or 

rooms. 

96. It should be noted, however, that two or more families may occupy 

the same dwelling house without living together. If they occupy separate portions of the dwelling house and their housekeeping is entirely 

separate, they should be returned as separate families. 

97. Boarding-house families.-All the occupants and employees of 

a hotel, boarding house, or lodging house, if th'at is their usual place 

of abode, make up, for census purposes, a single family. But in an 

apartment er tenement house, there will usually be as many families 

as there are separate occupied apartments or tenements, even though 

use may be made of a common cafij or restaurant. 

98. Institutional families.-The officials and inmates of an institution who live in the institution building or group of buildings form one 

family. But any officers or employees who slcep in detached houses 

or separate dwelling places containing no inmates should be returned 

as separate families. (See paragraphs 59 to 61.) 

99. Persons living alone.-The census family may likewise consist 

of a single person. Thus a clerk in a store who regularly sleeps there 

is to be returned as a family and the store as his dwelling place. (See 

paragraph 67.) 

NAME AND RELATION. 

100. Column 3 .. Name of each person enumerated.-Enter the name 

of every person whose usual place of abode on April 15, 1910, was with 

the family or in the dwelling place for which the cnumeration is being 

made. In determining who is to be included with the family, follow 

instructions in ,paragraphs 95 to 99. (See also paragraphs 47, 48, 

and 49.) 

101. Order of entering names.-Enter the members of each family 

in the following order, namely: Head iirst, wife second, then children 

(whether sons or daughters) in the ordl'l' of their ages, and lastly, all 

other persons living with the family, whether relatives, boarders, 

lodgt'rs, or servants. 

102. How names are to be written.-Enter first the last name or 

surname, then the given name in full, and the initial of the middle 

name, if any. \\'here the surname is the same as that of the person in 

the preceding line do not repeat the name, but draw a horizontal line 

(-~"~-~-) under the name above, as shown in the illustrative 

example. 

50 

103. Column 4. Relationship to head of famUy.-Designate the 

head of the family, whether husband or father, widow, or uIlmarried 

person of either sex, by the word" Head;" for other members of a family 

write wife,Jather, mother, son, daughter, grandson, daughter-in-law, uncle, 

aunt, nephew, niece, boarder, lodger, servant, etc., according to the particular relationship which the person bears to the head of the family. 

104, Occupants of an institution or school, living under a common 

roof, should be designated as officer, inmate, pupil, patient, prisoner, 

etc.; and in the CaRe of the chief officer his title should be used, aR 

warden, principal, superintendent, etc., instead of the word "Head." / 

105. If two or more persons share a common abode as partners, 

write head for one and partner for the other or othern. 

106. In the case of a hotel or boarding or lodging house family (see 

paragraph 97), the head of the family is the manager or the person who 

keeps the hotel or boarding or lodging house. 

PERSONAL DESCRIPTION. 

107. Column Ii. Sex.-Write ":1;1" for male and" F" for female. 

108. Column 6. Color or race.--Write "w" for white; "B" for 

black; "Mu" for mulatto; "Ch" for Chinese; "Jp" for Japanese; 

"In" for Indian. For all persons not falling within one of these 

classes, write "Ot" (for other), and write on the left-hand margin of 

the schedule the race of the person so indicated. 

109. For census purposes, the term "black" (B) ineludes all 

persons who are evidently full-blooded negroes, while the term "mulatto" (Mu) includes all other persons having some proportion or perceptible trace of negro blood. 

110. Column 7. Age at last birthday.-This question calls for the 

age in completed years at last birthday. Remember, however, that 

the age question, like all other questions on the schedule, relates to 

April 15, 1910. Thus a person whose exact age on April 15, the census 

day, is 17 years, 11 months, and 25 days should be returned simply as 

17, because that is his age at last birthday prior to April 15, although at 

the time of your visit he may have completed 18 years. 

111. Age in round numbers.-In many cases persons ,,·ill report the 

age in round numbers, like 30 or 45, or "about 30" or "about 45," 

when that is not the exact age. Therefore, when an age ending in 0 or 

5 is reported, you should ascertain whether it is the exact age. If, however, it is impossible to get the exact age, enter the approximate age 

rather than return the age as unknown. 

112. Ages of children.-"Take particular pains to get the exact ages 

of children. In the case of a child not 2 yt'ars old, the age should 

be given in completed months, expressed as twelfths of a year. Thus 

the age of a child 3 months old should be entered a, -il .. , a child 7 months 

old as -b" a childl year and 3 months old as I/:., etc. Ifa child is not 

yet a month old, enter the age as 1°2' But note again that this question 

should be answered with reference to April 15. For instance, a child 

who is just a year old on the 17th of April, 1910, should nevertheless 

be returned as H, because that is its age in completed months on 

April 15. 

113. Column 8. Whether single, married, widowed, or divorced.-

Write" S" for single or unmarried persons; "Wel" for widowed (man 

or woman); "D" for divorced; for married persons, inquire whether 

they have been married before, and if this is the first marriage, write 

"MI," but if this is the second or subsequent marriage, write" M2" 

(meaning married more than once). 

114. Persons who were single on Apri1l5should be so reported, even 

though they may have married between that date and the day of your 

visit; and, similarly, persons who become widowed or divorced after 

April 15 should be returned as married if that was their condition on 

that date. 

115. Column 9. Number of years of present marriage.-This q ueation 

applies only to perilons reported as married, and the answer should 

give the number of years married to the present husband or wife. 

Thus a woman who may have been married for 10 years to a former 

husband, but has been married only 3 years to her present husband, 

should be returned as married 3 years. The number of years entered 

should be the number of completed years. For instance, a person who 

on April 15, the census day, has been married 3 years and 11 months 

should be returned as married 3 years. For a person married less than 

1 year, write "0" (meaning less than 1 year). 

116. Column 10. Number of children born.-This question applies 

to women who are now married, or who are widowed, or divorced. The 

answer should give the total number of children that each such woman 
has had during her lifetime. It should include, therefore, the children 

by any former marriage as well as by her present marriage. It should 

not include the children which her present husband may have had by 

a former wife, oven though they are members of her present family. 

Stillborn children should not be included. If the woman has never 

had any children, write "0" in this column and also in column 11. . 

II"/', Column 11. Number of children now living.--This refers again 

only to the children which tho woman hersclf has had. Include all or 

these children that arc living, no matter whether they are living in 

yoU!' district 01' somewhere else. If all the children are dead, write "0." 

N.II.nvny AND MOTHD TONGUlll. 

C!llumn Ill. Place IIi birth of thi!! penmn.--H tho pelllOn WflllJ 

born in the United States, give the state or territory (not county, 

or town) in which born. 'l'he words "United States" lIIJ'e not 

ciently definite. A person born in what is now West Virginia, North 

Dakota, South Dakota, or Oklahoma should be reported as 80 born, 

"" •. IW"!;" at the time of his birth the particular region may have had a 

different name. Do not abbreviate the names of states and territories. 

119. If the person was born outside tile UlliU;d Statl;, enter 

(not city or district) in which born. 

Instead of Great Britain, write Ireland, England, Sootland, or 

Walea. 

121, For born in the double Kingdom of Alliltria-Hungary, 

bo eUfe to Austria from Hungary. For pemons born in 

Finland, write Pin land and not" Ruooia." For persons born in TW'-

be sure t.o distinguish Turkey in Europe from ·Turkey in Asia. 

122, Do no!;, rely upon the language 6poken to determine birih~ 

place.-This is I'Alpecially true of German, for over one-third of the 

AUBtrianB and nearly three· fourths of the Swiss speak German. In the 

case of persons speaking German, therefore, inquire clIIJ'efully whether 

the birthplace was Germany, Switzerland, AUlltria, or elsewhere. 

123. If the person was born abroad, but of American plIIJ'ente, write 

in column 12 both the birthplace and Am. eit.-that is, American 

citizen. If the pemon was born at sea, write At sea. 

124. Mother tongue.-The question "What is youi.' mother tongue 

or native language?" should be asked of all pernons who were born in 

any foreign country, and the answer should be written in column 12, 

after the name of the country of birth. In order to save apace, the 

abbreviatiollll (indicated on separate" List of foreign countries") should 

be llBed for the country of birth, but the language given as the mother 

WngUII should be written out in full. In returning the mother tongue 

observe the rules laid down in paragraphs 134 to 143 (soo page 32). 

125. For example, if a pelllOn reports that he was born in Ruooia 

and that his mother tongue is Lithuanian, write in column 12 

RU1M!.·-Lithuanian: or if a person reports that he was born in Switzerland and that his mother tongue is German, write Switz.-{1erman. 

126, Note that the name of the mother tongue must be given even 

when it is the same !l.B the language of the country in which the pelllOn 

was born. ThUB, if II P8ll!On reports that he was born in England lind 

that his mother tongue is English, write Eng.-Englwh; or if II. pelllOn 

reports that he was born in Germany and that his mother tongue is 

Gemmn, write Ger.-{1errrum. This is neceBlllllJ'Y to distinguish such 

pelllOns from others born in the llame country but having a different 

mother tongue. 

127. The question of mother tongue should not be asked of any person born in the United States. 

128. Columns 13 and 14. Place oibirth of father od mother.-

Enter in columns 13 and 14 the birthplace of the father and of the 

mother of the person whOBB own birthplace was entered in column 12. 

In designating the birthplace of the father and mother, follow the 

llame instructions as for the pemon himself. In case, however, a pelllOn 

does not know the state or territory of birth of his father or mother, 

but knows that he or she was born in the United States, write United 

States rather than "unknown." 

129, Mother tongue of father od mother.--Ask for the mother 

tongue of any parent born abroad and write down the alll!wer in columns 

13 and 14, following the instructions given for reporting the mother 

tongue of persons enumerated in column 12. 

130. In short, whenever a person gives a foreign rountry as the birth· 

place of himself or either of hw parenl.8, before writing doum that country 

ad:for the mother tongue and write the anJIWer to both questions in columns 

12, IS, or 14, as the case mny be, in the manner herein indicated. 

51 

U)10 

131. Column 111. Year of immifgfation to the United l:ltates.-·This 

question applies to all foreign-born persons, male and iemnle, of whatever age. It should be answered, therefore, for every person whOBB 

birthplace in column 12 was in.a foreign country. Enterthe 

ill' which pelllOll came to the United States. If he haa heen 

the United States more than once, give the year of hiB first arrival. 

132, Column 111. Whether naturalized. or alien.-Thill appliea only to males 21 yearn of age and over. does not 

apply to femnles, to foreign-born minors, or to any male born in the 

United States. If the person was born abroad, but baa become a full 

citizen, either by out second or final naturalization or 

through the naturalization of his parents he was under the age 

of 2l years, write" Nil." (for naturalized). If he has decllllJ'ed his intention to become an American citizen and has taken out his 

write" Pa" (fol' If he has taken no steps iowlIIJ'd be,colnuu! 

all American write" AI" (for alien). 

133, Column 17. Whether able to speu English; or, if not, live 

language ll11oken.--This question to all pelllOllB 10 

and over. If such a person is able to English, write 

he is not able to such cases only-·write the 

name of the language doeB speak, as Ji'renih, Genna'll, Italian. 

If he speaks more than one language, but does not 

WlI'ite the name of that which is his native language or mother 

tongue. For pel'8ons under 10 yeam of age, leave the column blank. 

134, The following is a list of principalforeign languages spoken in 

the United States. Avoid giving other names when one in this list 

can be applied to the language spoken. With the exception of certain 

languages of eastern RUBsia, the list gives a name for every E1.U'opean 

language in the proper sense of the word. 

Albanlan. Italian. Scotch. 

Armenian. Japanese. Servlan or Croatian (IncludBasque. Lapplsh. Ing Bosn/an, Dalmatian, 

Bohemian. Lettish. lIerzegavlnlan, and MonBreton. Little Russian. tenegrin). 

Bulgarian. Lithuanian. Slovak. 

Chinese. Magyar. Slovenian. 

Danish. Moravian. Spanish. 

Dutch. Norwegian. Swedish. 

Finnish. Polish. Syrian. 

Flemish. Portuguese. Turkish. 

French. Rhaeto-Romanlsh (induct- Welsh. 

German. Ing Ladin and Frlulan). Wendlsh. 

Greek. Roumania.n. Yiddish. 

Gypsy. Russian. 

Irisb. Ruthenian. 

135, Do not write "Austrian," but write German, Bohemian, Ruthenian, Roumanian, Slovenian, Slovak, or such other term as correctly 

defines the language spoken. 

136, Do not write "Slavic" or "Slavonian," but write Slovak, 

Slovenian, Russian, etc., as the case may be. 

137. Do not write "Macedonian," but write Bulgarian, Turkish, 

Greek, Servian, or Roumanian, as the case may be. 

138. Do not write "Czech," but write Bohemian, Moravian, or 

Slovak, as the case may be. 

13!), Write Magyar instead of "Hungarian." 

140, Write Croatian instead of "Hervat." 

141. Write Little Russian instead of "Ukrainian." 

142, Write Ruthenian instead of "Rosniak" or "Russine." 

143. Write Roumanian instead of "Moldavian," "Wallachian," 

"Tsintsar," or "Kutzo-Vlach." 

OCCUPATION. 

144. Column 18. Trade or profession.-An entry should be made 

in this column for every person enumerated. The occupation, if any, followed by a child, of any age, or by a woman is just as important, for 

census purposes, as the occupation followed by a man. Therefore it 

must never be taken for granted, without inquiry, that a woman, or 

child, has no occupation. . 
1910 

145. The entry in column 18 should be either (1) the occupation 

pursued-that is, the word or words which most accurately indicate the 

particular kind of work done ,by which the person enumerated earns 

money or a money equivalent, as physUian, carpenter, dressmaker, night 

watthman, laborer, new8boy; or (2) own income; Of (3) none (that is, 

no occupation). 

146. The entry own income should be made in the case of all persons who follow no specific occupation but have an independent 

income upon which they are living. 

147. The entry none should be made in the case of all persona 

who follow no occupation and who do not fall within the class to be 

reported as own income. 

148. Persons retired or temporarily unemployed.--Care should be 

taken in making the return for persons who on account of old age, 

permanent invalidism, or otherwise are no longer following an occupation. Such persons may desire to return the occupations formerly 

followed, which would be incorrect. If living on their own income 

the return should be own income. If they are supported by other 

persons Of institutions, the return should be none. On the other hand, 

persons out of employment when visited by the enumerator may 

state that they have no occupation, when the fact is that they usually 

have an occupation but merely happen to be idle or unemployed at 

the time of the visit. In such cases the return should be the occupation followed when the person is employed. 

149. Persons having two occupations.-If a person has two occupations, return only the more important one-that is, the one from whi~h 

he gets the more money. If you can not learn that, return the one at 

which he spends the more time. For example: Return a man as 

farmer if he gets most of his income from farming, although he may also 

follow the occupation of a clergyman or preacher; but return him as 

a clergyman if he gets more of his income from that occupation. 

150. Column 19. Industry.-An entry should be made in this column in all cases where the entry in column 18 has been that of an occupation. But where the entry in column 18 is own income or none, 

leave this column blank. The entry, when made, should consist 

of the word or words which most accurately describe the branch of 

industry, kind of business or establishment, line of work, or place in 

which this person works, as cotton mill, general farm, dry-goods store, 

insurance office, bank. (See also illustrative examples on page 36.) 

151. The purpose of columns 18 and 19 is thus to bring out, on the 

one hand, in column 18, the speciJic occupation or work performed, if 

any, by each person enumerated, and on the other, in column 19, the 

character of the industry or place in which such work is performed. 

152. Farm workers.-Return a person in charge of a farm as afarmer, 

whether he owns it or operates it as a tenant, renter, or cropper; but a 

person who manages a farm for some one else for wages or a salary 

shoul,d be reported as a farm manager or farm overseer; and a person 

who works on a farm for some one else, but not as a manager, tenant, or 

cropper, should be reported as a farm laborer. 

153. Women doing housework.-In the case of a woman doing 

housework in her own home, without salary or wages, and having no 

other employment, the entry in column 18 should be none. But a 

woman working at housework for wages should be returned in column 

18 as housekeeper, servant, cook, or chambermaid, as the case may be; 

and the entry in column 19 should state the kind of place where she 

works, as private family, hotel, or boarding house. Or, if a woman, in 

addition to doing housework in her own home, regularly earns money 

by some other occupation, whether pursued in her own home or outside, 

that occupation should be returned in columns 18 and 19. For in-

,stance, a woman who regularly takes in washing should be reported as 

laundress or washerwoman, followed in column 19 by at home. 

154. Women doing farm work.-A woman working regularly at 

outdoor farm work, even though she works on the home farm for her 

husband, son, or other relative and does not receive money wages, 

52 

should be returned in column 18 as afa!"m labo!"e!". Distinguish, howBver, such women who work on the home farm from those who work 

away from home, by writing in column 19 either home fann or u'orking 

out, as the case may require. Of course, a woman who herself operates 

or runs a farm should be reported as a fa!"Yna, and not as a "farm 

laborer." 

155. Children on farms.--In the case of children who work for their 

own parents on a farm, the entry in column 18 should befarm labore!" 

and in column 19 homefa!"m; but for children who work as farm laborers 

for others, the entry in column 19 should be working out. 

156. Children working for parents.-Children who work for their 

parents at home merely on general household work, on chores, or at odd 

times on other work, should be reported as having no occupation. 

Those, however, who materially assist their parents in the performance 

of work other than household work should be reported as having an 

occupation. 

157. Keeping boarders.--Keeping boarders or lodgers should be returned as an occupation if the person.mgagedin it relics upon it as his (or 

her) principal means of support or principal source of income. In that 

case the return should be keeper-boarding house or keepc-r-lodging house. 

If, however, a family keeps a few boarders or roomers merely as a means 

of supplementing or eking out the earnings or income obtained, from 

other occupations or from other sources, no one in the family should .. be 

returned as a boarding or lodging house keeper. 

158. Officers, employees, and inmates of institutions or homes.-

For an officer or regular employee of an instit1ition or home, Buch 

as an asylum, penitentiary, jail, reform school, convict camp, state 

farm worked by convicts, etc., return the occupation followed i1'l. the 

institution. For an inmate of Buch institution, if regularly employed, 

return the occupation pursued in the institution, whether the employment be at productive labor or at other duties, such as cooking, 

scrubbing, laundry work, etc.; but if an inmate is not regularly 

employed-that is, hl1s no specific duties or work to perform, write 

none in column 18. 

159. Avoid general or indefinite terms.-Give the occupation and 

industry precisely. For example, return a worker in a coal mine a's a 

miner-coal mine, laborer-coal mine, driver-coal mine, etc., as the case 

may be. 

160. The term "laborer" should be avoided if any more precise 

definition of the occupation can be secured. Employees in factories 

and mills, for example,· usually have Borne definite designation, as 

weave!", roller, puddler, etc. ViThere the term "laborer" is used, be 

careful to define accurately the industry in column 19. 

161. Avoid in all cases the use of the word "mechanic," but give the 

eX3.ct occupation, as carpenter, pa'inter, machinist, etc. 

162. Distinguish carefully the different kinds of "agents" by stating 

in column 19 the line of business followed. 

163. Distinguish carefully between retail and wholesale merchants, 

as retail merchant-dry-goods; wholesale merchant--dry-goods. 

164. A void the use of the word" clerk" wherever a more definite 

occupation can be named. Thus a person in a store, often called a 

clerk, who is wholly or principally engaged in selling goods should be 

called a salesman. A stenographer, typewriter, accountant, bookkeeper, 

or cashiet, etc., should be reported as such, and not as a clerk. 

165. Distinguish a traveling salesman from a salesman in a store; 

the former preferably should be reported as a commercial tmveler. 

166. If any person in ahswer to the occupation question says that 

he is " in business," you must find out what branch of business and 

what kind of work he does or what position he holds. 

167. mllstrations of OCcllplltions.-The following examples, in addition to the occupations given in the illustrative schedule, will illustrate the method of returning some of the common occupations and 

industries; they will also suggest to you distinctions which you should 

make in other cases: 
Column 18. Column 19. Column 18. Column 19. 

farm laborer working out commercial traveler dry goods arm laborer home farm salesman department store laborer odd jobs ~:~kJ;~fer department swr. laborer street work department store laborer garden cashier department store laborer nursery cashier bank 

laborer railroad conductor steam railroad 

f 

brakeman railroad conductor street car weaver cotwn mill farmer general farm 

laborer cotton mill farmer truck farm doffer cotton mill ~ardener private estate engineer locomotive awyer general Rractice 

engineer lumber mill manager general arm fire~a" lumber mill overseer truck farm fireman fire defartment president life~inaurance co .. civil engineer genera :practice president bank 

electrical engineer street ratlway superintendent steel works 

carpenter car factory foreman cotton mill carpenter shipyard newsboy street carpenter house newsdealer store blacksmith carriage factory wagon driver groceries blacksmith own shop wagon driver express agent real estate chauffeur . express wagon agent insurance ch~uffeur privatefamilv oak hotel mmer coal mine ervant private family laborer coal mine 

etail merchant rrocenes quarryman marble 

'holesale merchant eather , janitor house 

EMPLOYER, EMPLOYEE, OR WORKING ON OWN ACCOUNT. 

168. Column 20. Whether employer, employee, or working on own 

account.-For one employing persons, other than domestic servants, 

in transacting his own business, write "Emp" (for employer). For a 

person who works for wages or a salary, write "w" (for wage-earner). 

For a gainful worker who is neither an employer nor an employee, 

write" OA" (for own account). For all persons returned as having 

no occupation, leave the column blank. 

169. Employer.·--An employer is one who employs helpers, other 

than domestic servants, in transacting his own business. The term 

employer does not include the superintendent, agent, manager, or other 

p(jrson employed to manage an establishment or business; and it does 

not include the foreman of a room, the boss of a gang, or the coal miner 

who hires his helper. All such should be returned as employees, for, 

while anyone of these may employ persons, none of them does so in 

transacting his own business. Thus no individual working for a corporation either as an officer or otherwise should be returned as an 

employer. 

170. A person employing domestic servants in his own home but 

not employing any helpers in his business should not be returned as an 

employer. But, on the other hand, a person who is the proprietor of a 

hotel or boarding or lodging house and employs servants in running that 

hotel or boarding or lodging house should be returned as an employer, 

because he employs these servants in his business. 

171. Employee.-Any person who works for wages or a salary and 

is subject to the control and direction of an employer, is an employee, 

whether he be president of a large corporation or only a day laborer, 

whether he be paid in money or in kind, and whether he be employed 

by his own parent or by another. The term employee does not 'include 

lawyers, doctors, and others who render professional services for fees, 

and who, in their work, are not subject to the control and direction of 

those whom they serve. It does include actors, professors, and others 

who are engaged to render professional services for wages or salaries. 

A domestic servant should always be returned as an employee even 

.though, as previously· explained, the person employing a domestic 

servant is not always returned as an employer. 

172. Working on own account.-Persons who have a gainful occupation and are neither employers nor employees are considered to be 

working on their own' account. They are the independent workers. 

They neither pay nor receive salaries or regular wages. Examples of 

this class are: Farmers and the owners of small establishments who do 

not employ helpers; professional men who work for fees and employ no 

helpers; and, generally speaking, huckstere, peddler", newsboys, bootblacks, etc., although it not infrequently happens that persons in these 

pursuits are employed by others and are working for wages, and in such 

case should, of course, be returned as employees. 

173. Illustrative examples.-In many occupations a man· may be 

either an employer, or an employee, or working on own account. For 

53 

1910 

example, a physician is working on his own account if, as expluined 

above, he works for fees solely and employs no helpers; if, however, 

he employs an assistant in his office he becomes an employer; but if he 

works for a salary, say in a hospital or institution, he is an employee. 

It may happen, however, that he receives a salary and also works for 

fees, in which case he should be classed with respect to his principal 

source of income. 

174. A dressmaker who works out by the day for day wages should 

be returned as an employee; but a dressmaker who works at home or in 

her own shop should be returned as working on own account, unless 

she employs helpers, in which case she becomes an employer. 

175. Similarly, a washerwoman or laundress who works out by the 

day is an employee, but a washerwoman or laundress who takes in 

wa.~hing is either working on own account, or, it may be, b an employer. 

176. Case of wife working for husband or child working for parents.-

When, in accordance with the preceding instructions, a wife working 

for her husband or a child working for its parents is returned as having 

an occupation, the wife or child should be returned as an employee, 

even though not receiving wages. The husband or parent in such case 

should be returned as an employer, unless, as may happen, he is working 

for wages, in which case he, as well as the wife or child, should be 

classed as an employee. 

UNEMPLOYMENT. 

177. What 1s meant by "out of work."-The purpose of inquiries 

21 and 22 is to ascertain the amount of enforced unemployment-the 

extent to which persons want work and can not find it. Do not, therefore, include with those" out of work" those who are on a strike, those 

who are volunwrily idle, those who are incapacitated for any work, or 

those who are on sick leave or on a vacation. School-teachers, artists, 

and music teachers are ofteI?- unemployed during a portion of the year, 

but should not be considered as "Jut of work," in the sense in which 

the term is used for the purposes of the census. 

178. Column 21. If an employee, whether 6ut of work on April 

16, 1910.-lf a person reported as an employee (W) in column 20 was 

out of work on April 15, 1910, write" Yes;" ·but if such person had 

work on that date, write" No." For persons other than employees, 

leave the column blank. 

179. Column 22. If an employee, number of weeks out of work 

during year 1909.-lf a person reported as an employee (W) in column 

20 was out of work during any part of the year 1909, enter the number 

of weeks out of work; but if such person was not out of work at all 

during the year, do not leave the column blank, but write "0." For 

persons other than employees, leave the column blank. 

180. A person not employed at his principal or usual occupation 

but engaged in some side or temporary work is not to be considered 

as unemployed, the intent of this question being to find out the 

number of weeks during which the person was unable to secure any 

employment. 

EDUCATION. 

181. Column 23. Whether able to read.-Write" Yes" for all persons 

10 years of age and over who ran read any language, whether English 

or some other, and "No" for all such persons who can not read any 

language. For persons under 10 years of age, leave the column blank. 

182. For a person reported 'as "blind" (column 31), write" Yes" if 

he could read any language before becoming blind or, if born blind, if 

he has been taught to read any language. 

183. Column 24. Whether able to write.-Write "Yes" for all 

persons 10 years of age and over who can write any language, whether 

EngliBh or some other, and" No" for all such persons who can not 

write any language. For persons under 10 years of age, leave the 

column blank. 

184. For a person reported as "blind" (column 31), write" Yes" i.f 

he could write any language before becoming blind or, if born blind, 

if he has been taught to write any language. 

185. Column 25. Attended school any time since September 1, 

1909.-\Vrite "Yes" for any person who attended school, college, or 

any educational institution at any time since September 1, 1909, and 
1910 

"No" for any person of school age--5 to 21 year~~who has not attended 

school since that date. For persons below or above school age, leave 

the column blank, unless they actually attended school. 

OWNERSHIP OF HOME. 

186. Column 26. Home owned or rented.--This question is to be 

answered only opposite the name of the head of each family. If a 

dwelling is occupied by more than one family it is the home of each of 

. them, and the question should be answered with reference to each 

family in the dwelling. If the home is owned, write opposite the name 

of the head of the family "0." If the home is rented, write "R." 

Make no entries in this column for the other members of the family. 

187. Owned homes.--A home is to be classed as owned if it is owned 

wholly or in part by the head of the family living in the home, or by 

the wife of the head, or by a son, or a daughter, or other relative living 

in the same house with the head of the family. It is not necessary 

that full payment for the property should have been made or that the 

family should be the sole owner. 

188. Rented homes.-Every home not owned, either wholly or 

in part, by the family living in it should be clallsed all rented, whether 

rent is actually paid. or not. 

189. Column 27. Home owned free or mortgaged.-This question 

applies only to those homes classed in column 26 as owned homes and 

not to rented homes. Write" M" for mortgaged and" F" for owned 

free. These entries should be made opposite the name of the head of 

the family. All owned homes which are not fully paid for, or upon which 

there is any incumbrance in the form either of a mortgage or of a lien 

upon which judgment has been had in a court, are to be reported as 

mortgaged. 

190. Column 28. Farm Of house.-·This column i~ intended merely 

to distinguish farm homes from other homes. If. the home is a farm 

home, write" F" (forfarm) opposite the name of the head of the family. 

If it is not a farm home, write "TI" (for house). A farm home is a home 

located on a farm, for which a farm schedule should be secured. (See 

paragraph 202.) Any other home is to be reported simply all a house. 

54 

191. Column 29. Number of farm sched'll.le.-This question applies 

only to farm homes. If the home is a farm home, enter in this column 

simply the number of the agricultural schedule filled out for this farm. 

Make this entry opposite the name of the member of the family operating the farm. Usually this will be the head of the family. 

SURVIVORS OF THE CIVIL WAR. 

192. Column 30. Whether a survivor of the Union or Confederate 

Army or Navy.-This question should be asked as to all males over 50 

years of age who were born in the United States and all for.eign bom 

males who immigrated to this country before 1865. Write "UA" if a 

survivor of the Union Army; "UN" if a survivor of the Union Navy; 

"CA" if a survivor of the Confederate Army; and "eN" if a survivor 

of the Confederate Navy. For all other persons leave the column blank. 

BLIND AND DEAF AND DUMB PERSONS. 

193. Column 31. Whether blind (both eyes).----If a person is either 

totally or partially blind, in both eyes, so as not to be able to read even 

with the help of glasses, write" TIL" For all other persons leave the 

column blank. 

194. Column 32. Whether deaf and dumb.-If a per~on is both 

deaf and dllmb, write "DD." For all other persons leave the column 

blank. Persons who are deaf hut not dumb, or persons who are dumb 

but not deaf, fire not to be reported. 

SPECIAL INDIAN SCHEDULE. 

195. When to be used.-This schedule (Form 8-1857) is a modified 

form of the general population schedule; it is to be used principally 

for the enumeration of Indians living on reservati·ons or in tribal relations, and also by t.he enumerators in certain counties containing a 

considerable number of Indians . 

.196. If any copies of this schedule are inclosed in the portfolio 

for your district, yon are required to enumerate thereon all Indian 

families living in your district, in accordance with the instructions 

printed upon the schedule itself. 
Cartoon appearing in June 14, 1890, issue of Harper's Weekly. Courtesy: Library of Congress. 

'rUE CENSUS. 

CENSrS-T A KER. U Good-morning, madam; I'm taldng the Cen!:lUEt" 

OLD LADY. Hrrhe \'dmt '/" I' 

C ... T. H 'rile c-{'-u-~-u-~ Ito 

O. L, U For hW'8 sal~e! ".'lInt with hnmps tal'dn' everyth t.hey ldn lay 

theil' IHm'~ on, youug folk8 taldu' fOJygmfl"l of 'ye without 1'10 lunch n~ 

molkiu" an' hnpndcut feH(n"~ comiu' rfHw' ns '''lUlls fer take yer !:;\(mses, 

pretty ~oon there ,,'ou't be uothiu' left tel' tuke, "Pm thinking." 

55 
1910 

"INDIAN 

(23"x 16", printed on two sides, space for 20 entries on each 

side, reverse side was identical except that lines were numbered 21 to 40 and instructions were continued). Inquiries 

(face, bottom, left) 

numbered 1-32 were same as inquiries numbered 1·32 on 

"1910 Population." (See pp. 40 and 41.) 

PROPORTIONS OF INDIAN AND 

OTHER BLOOD. 

Trlbo of Father of this bdlon. Tribe of Moth •• of tlil. Indian. 

--------~----~-----I--------+--~----I----------

1 

2 

3 

(face, bottom, center) 

35 

I GRAnUATED FROM WHAT EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION. 

42 

-----------

36 

Is this 

Indian 

taxed! 

RESIDENCE AND DWEI,LINO. 

I-c------+----i---------__ 

43 45 46 

1=-------------------------------------------=------~------I---+--+-----I----I 
"INDIAN POPULATION"--Continued 

(face, bottom, right) 

(back, bottom, right) 

INSTRUOTIONS FOR FILLING THIS SOHEDULE. 

This modified form of the general schedule for population is to be used in making the enumeration of Indians, 

both those on reservations and those living in family groups outside of reservations. 

Detached Indians !i"ing either in white or negro families outside of reservations should be enumerated on the 

general population schedule (Form 8-1589) as members of the families in which they are found; but detached whites 

or negroes living in Indian families should be enumerated on this special Indian schedule as members of the Indian 

'families in which they are found. In other words, every family composed mainly of Indians should be reported 

entirely au this special schedule, and every family composed mainly of persons not Indian should be reported entirely 

au the general population schednle. 

Spaces are provided for entries for 20 persons on each side (A and B) of the sheet, the entries for each person 

running twice to the page. Columns 1 to 46 are to be filled for each individual ease, if applicable, according to the instructions. 

Columns 1 to 32."-These columns are identical with those on the general population schedule. Fill each column, 

eo fa,r as the inquiry ap~, in accordance with the instructions for filling the corresponding column in the general 

population schedule (see book of instructions), but note the following additional instrnctions in relation to filling 

columns 1 and 2, column ~I) and columns 18 and 19. 

Columns 1 and 2. Visitation numbers.-If, in canvassing a given territory, you are using both the general 

population schedule (Form 8-1589) and this schedule for Indian population, make two independent series of numbers 

for these columns, one series in each kind of sc'>edule, so that the last number in column 1 on this schedule added 

to the last number in column 1 on the general population schedule will give the whole number of dwellings visited, 

and, likewise, the last number in column 2 on this schedule added to the last number in column 2 on the general population schedule will give the whole number of families visited and enumerated in your entire district. 

Colnmn 7. Age at last birthday.-Some difficulty may be met in ascertaining tbe exact ages of Indians, as they 

frequently reckon their ages from notable events occurring in the history of the respective tribes. Endeavor to 

ascertain the years in which these notable events occurred, and with a little calculation on your part you should be 

able to ascertain the exact age of each Indian. 

Columns 18 and 19. Occupatioll.--If the Indian is wholly self-supporting, enter his or her occupation in columns 

18 and 19 in accordance with·the general instructions for returning occupations. If the Indian-man, woman, or 

child-has no occupation and is wholly dependent on the Government for support, write "Ration Indian" in column 

18. If the Indian is partly self-supporting and partly dependent upon the Government, write the occupation in 

columns 18 and 19, and then the letter "R" (for ration). 

INSTRUCTIONS CONTINUED ON "B" SIDE OF SHEET. 11-3501 

INSTRUOTIONS FOR FILLING THIS SOHEDULE. CONTINUED FROM "A" SIDE OF SHEET. 

The following instructions apply to columns 33 to 46: 

Colnmns 33, 34, and 35. Tribal relations.-If the Indian was born in this country answers should be obtained, 

if possible, to inquiries 12, 13, and 14, relating to the state or territory of birth of the person and of his or her 

parents. In any event, take particular pains to secure the I+ame of the tribe with which the person is connected 

and the name of the tribe of each of his or her parents, and enter the same in columns 33, 34, and 35. 

Colnmns 36, 37, and 3S. Proportions of Indian and other blood.-If the Indian is a full-blood, write "full" 

in column 36, and leave columns 37 and 38 blank. If the Indian is of mixed blood, write in column" 36, 37, and 38 

the fractions which show the proportions of Indian and other blood, as (column 36, Indian) !t, (column 37, white) t, and (column 38, negro) O. For Indmns of mixed bl00d all three columns should be filled, and the sum, in each 

case, should equal 1, as t, 0, t; !t, t, 0; t, t, k; etc. 

Wherever possible, the statement that an Indian is of full blood sbould be verified by inquiry of the older men 

of the tribe, as an Indian is sometimes of mixed blood without knowing it. 

Column 39. Number of times married.-If the Indian is married, enter in this column the number of times he 

or she h~ been married. 

Column ro. Whether nOw living In poJygamy.-If the Indian man is living with more than one wife, write 

"Yes" in this column; otherwise, write "No." 

Column 41. If living in polygamy, whether the whas are sisters.-If the Indian man is living with more than 

one wife, and i~ his wives are sisters, write "Yes" in this column. If his wives are not sisters, write "No." 

Column 42. Graduated from what educational institution.-If the Indian is a graduate d any educational 

institution, give the name and location or such institution. 

Column 43. Is this Indian taxed l-An Indian is to be considered "taxed" if he or she is detached from his or 

her tribe a.nd is living among white people as ';n individual, and as such is subject to taxation (whether ho or 

she actually pays taxes or not); or if he or she is living with his or her tribe but has received an allotment of land, 

and thereby has acquired citizenship. In either of these two cases write "Yes" in this column. 

An Indian on a reservation, without an allotment, or roaming over unsettled territory, is considered "not 

taxed," a.nd for such Indians the answer t.o this inquiry is H No. H 

Column 44. If Indian has received allotment, give year of allotment.-If the Indian has received an allotment 

of land, enter, in column 44, the year in which the allotment was made. 

Column 45. Residing on his own lands.~ If the Indian lives on his or her own land, write 1\ Y rs" in this column; 

if the Indian lives elsewhere, write "No." 

Column 4il. Living in civilized or aboriginal dwelling.-If the Indian is living in a house of civilized design, asa 

log, frame, brick, or stone house, write "eiv," (for civilized) in this column; but if the Indian is living in a 

dwelling of aboriginal design, as a tent, tepee, cliff dw(;lling, etc., write "Abor." (for aboriginal). ll-MO! 

57 

1910 
1920 

"1920-POPULATION" 

(23" x 16", printed on two sides, space for 50 entries on each 

side; reverse side was identical except that lines were numbered 

50 to 100). Similar schedules were printed for use in Alaska, 

Hawaii, and Puerto Rico (in Spanish), but had space for only 

25 entries on each side (23" x 1 OW'). 

A population schedule for "Military and Naval Population 

~tc., Abroad" was identical in size and content with the ' 

clpaI schedule except for a simplified occupation inquiry and 

the additional requests for rank and for the U.S. address of 

each person enumerated. There was no Indian schedule 1'0 

1920. r 

(left) 

PLACE OF ABODE. NAME 

- -I--------~ of each person whose place of abode on 

~ HOllse ~"mf N January 1, 1920, was In this family. ~~ number d:~~m be~~i .. " or farm, lug family Enter surname lIrst, then the given name and middle ~.; etc. I house III orde Initial, If any. ... .. (See In order of vis- ~ ~ Instruc .. of vls~ itation. Include every person living on January 1,1920. Omit .::: tlons~) 'taUoD. children born slnre Jannary 1, 1920. ell ---------.. ~-"------.".- ---".~"- --

RELATION. 

Relation ship of this person to the bead of the family. 

-----1---1---- -+---I-----I';~,,</ 

_1_ =~.2 I 3 .1[" _4_-..j _____ ~ ___ 0....;;:-. ______ +. ____ G ___ "'"t_7 i_S4._\J_I_l_0_~.---I--'*"';.4.:/ 

1 ________ 1 ____________________________ ~_____ - -- ---- --- --- -- ~----~-- ---------------------------- -- --- ------

2 !---+---. --~---~-------~--~~ 

INSTRUCTION TO ENUMERATORS 

for detailed rules for house-ro-house canvassing and for applying the "usual of abode" criterion ("the were 

persons may be said to live or belong, or the place which is their home .... where a person sloops") in determining whether 

or not to list someone, the enumerators' instructions for 1920 were substantially the same as for 1910. Age for children under 5 years 

was to be reported in complete years and months. (See pp. 42-45.) 
1920 

"l920-POPULA TION"--Continued 

(center) 

NAME OF INCORPORATED PLACE ...... ----. --If".''';;;''''';,;.-'"'';.''";;;,;;;;i"-i'.;;; .... ''i;~ BY ME ON THE _________ .. _____________________ DAY O~ 

NATIVITY AND MOTHER TONGUE. W~~ PI.to of birth of each pe",,,, .nd par.nts of each person enumerated. If born In the U .. lted Stat." give tile st"to'w 

and, In addition, the mother tongue. (See In.tructlo .... ) m ----~.--------------------- -------7-r-r/ 

PERS~N. }'ATIIER. 

Pl&co of birth. Mother tongoe. Place of birth. 

/1----1-----1----1------,-----1----11-------------- 21 

(right) 

~ 

~TI 

[Dl-----5'18] 

N 

19 20 

For foreign born, enumerators were instructed to add city or 

province as well as country (in view of many boundary 

changes). 

I SUPERVISOR'S DISTRICT 

ENUMERATION DISTRICT No .. ______________________ .l 

WARD 0 F CITY _________________________________________________ _ 

Mothe, (o"goe. 

22 

No. 

~ f"";-,,w;,;· O£'","""--.. ill,i"".,,;;-.I---------------

~ F ._. _______________________________ , 1920. ENUMERATOR. 

~ ~, tenltory. If of foreign birth, give the place of birth 

~--------------------

~ lIWTUER. 

OCCUPATION. 

Trade, profession, or partlc· ular kind of work done, as spinner}> salesman, labor .. er, etc. Industry, business, or estab· 

lishment In which o.t work, as cotton mill. dry good" 

otc)8'e» farm, etco 

~ Pl~~~---r Mothar tongue. 

~- " 1=-·--2.---~~2~5~--------26-------1--------2-7----1---~ 

~ ------------------------------______ 1 ______ -----------__________________ _ 

~I---- i-------I------t------------------I------i----I--------, 

--I--~~-~ 

59 
1930 

"POPULATION SCHEDULE" 

(23%"x16W', printed on both sides, space for 50 entries on 

each side; reverse side was identical except that lines were 

numbered 50 to 1 00) 

(left) 

State ..... _ ....•.•.. _ ... ___ .. __ • __ ......... _._ ...... _ .. _ .... ---.... ---.-.... -.. -.... -.. --. Incorporated place _ .......... _ ................. ___ ...... _ .. . (Insert proper name and also namo of class, as City, \'ll1a~ 

County .... __ ............ ___ .. __ ._ ... _. __ . _______ ... _._ ... _ .. -------... --..... -.. -.... -.-. ___ ... _. Ward of city ................ _ ........... _ .................... . 

Township or other 

division of county ... _ ...................... ,. __ .... _ ................. _ .. -....... _ .... __ ... _. (Insert proper Dame and also nama of class, as townshIp, town, precinct, district, etc. See instructIOns.) 

Unincorporated place ....... _._ ......... _ ........ _ ..... _ .... . (Enter name of any umncorporated place having o.pprulimately 500 

PLACE OF ABODE 

------- I Num- _.-

berol Num- dweU- ber of iog family house in in order 

NAME 

of each person whose place of abode on April 1, 1930, was in this family 

Euter surname first, then (he given Dame and middle initial. if any 

Include every person :iving on April!, 1930. Omit children born since Aprill, 1930 

RELATION 

Rel.tionship of this person to the head of ~he 

family order of vis- of vis- itation itation ---~-----.---------- ----~-I---:------I--I-.:..:......+--I--+--:-·-:--I 

IUse no IIhhrc~irltioDS for State or country of birth 

Of ror mother tonglle (Columns 18, 11), 20, 2nd 21) 1 

INSTRUCTIONS TO ENUMERATORS 

These generally followed the directions given in 1910 (see pp. 42-

45) and 1920. College students, except cadets at Annapolis and West 

Point, were to be enumerated at their homes, but student nurses were to be counted where they were being trained. Veteran status (items 30 

and 31) excluded persons who served only during peacetime. The war 

or expedition was to be entered by an abbreviation: World War, WW; 

Spanish-American War, Sp; Civil War, Civ; Philippine insurrection, 

Phil; Boxer rebellion, Box; or Mexican expedition, Mex. 

There were f>pecific instructions for reporting race. A person of 

mixed White and Negro blood was to be returned as Negro, no matter 

how small the percentage of Negro blood; someone part Indian and part 

Negro also was to be listed as Negro unless the Indian blood predom· 

inated and the person was generally accepted as an Indian in the community. A person of mixed White and Indian blood was to be returned 

as an Indian, except where the percentage of Indian blood was very 

small or where he or she was regarded as White in the community. For 

persons reported as American Indian in column 12 (color or race), 

columns 19 and 20 were to be used to indicate the degree of Indian 

blood and the tribe, instead of the birthplace of father and mother. 

In order to obtain separate figures for Mexicans, it was decided that 

all persons born in Mexico, or having parents born in Mexico, who were 

not definitely White, Negro, Indian, Chinese, or Japanese, would be 

returned as Mexicans (Mex). 

Any mixture of White and some other race was to be reported according to the race of the parent who was not White; mixtures of 

colored races were to be listed according to the father's race, except 

Negro-Indian (discussed above). 
"POPULATION SCHEDULE"--Continuoo 

(center) 

(right) 

borough. See instructions.} 

Col. 23-Naturalized ~ Na First papers __ Pa Alien________ Al 

11_9921 

Col. 27-Employer ________________ E 

Wage or salary worker ___ W Working on own nccounL 0 Unpaid worker, member of the bmily __ ~~~ ___ ~~_NP 

Col. 31-World War ______ ~ ______ WW Spanish-American War _ S1 Civil War __________ H_~ __ Ci? 

Philippine Insurrection __ Phil Boxer Rebellion _____ ~___ Bo!: 

Mexican Ezpedition~ .... _ Mel: 

Enumeration District No. ____________________ _ 

Supervisor's District No. _______________________ _ 

j Sh"tNO'-j 

-----A 

-/""~L~L¥y!; ... !_'m by me on _________________________ , 1930, ___________________________________ .. ________________________ , Enumera/or. 

24 

OCCUPATION AND INDUSTRY 

OCCUPATION 

Trade, profession, or particular kind of work, as spinner, 

8alesman, riveter, teach_ er, etc. 

25 

INDUSTRY 

Industry or business, as cot~ 

ton mill. dry-goods store. 8hipyard. public 8chool~ 

etc. 

26 

61 

CODE 

(For office use only. Do Dot writo 

in tbis column) 

D 

EMPLOYMENT 

Whether actually 

~ 

at work yesterday 

m (or the last regu-

~ lar working day) Q 

~ If not, line "il Yes number 

j or on Unem~ 

No slOyment U chedule 

27 28 29 

VETERANS 

Whether a vet- eran of U. S. Num~ 

military or ber of naval forces farm 

schcdWhat ule Yes war or or ex-pe- No dition? 

30 31 32 

1 ---~--- -----

GO 

1930 
1930 

"UNEMPWYMENT """-', .... £I.JU1 

(I8 " xlI W', printed on two sides, space for 30 entries on 

each side, reverse side identical except that lines were num· 

bered 31 to 60, yellow stock.) 

(left) 

County ..•..... __ ................................................................................... . 

Township or other 

dlvisiol1 of county ._ ................................................. __ ........... ___ ........ Incorporated place _ ...... .,._ •....... _ ..................................... _____ y 

(right) 

2 

Date 

of enumerPOPULATION 

SCHEDULE 

ation Sheet Line No. No. 

8 

NAME 

of each person who usually works gainful occupation but did not yesterday (or on the last regular 

iug day) 

INSTRUCTIONS TO THE ENUMERATOR.-Make an entry on this Unem- ployment Schedule for every person who usually works at a gainful occupation but was not at work "yesterday "~-tha t is, on the day preceding the day of enumera- tion~l)r on the last regular working day. This will include all persons for whom the answer" No" has been reported in column 28 on the Population Schedule. 

Form. :16"'93 

Why was he not at work yesterday? (Or in case yesterday was not a reg~ 

ular working day, why did he not work on the lastreguiar workmg day?) For example, nicknes8, was laid off. 

voluntary /ay..o{f, bad weather, lack of lnflteriaw, Iltrikep etc. 

Make no entries for retired persons; for young men or women seeking their first jobs (that is, those who have not yet been employed as gainful workers); nor for married women keeping house at bome who have no other occupa~ 

tinn and are not now seriousl)' trying to get a job. 

Col. 5-· .. If the answer given here is "No," make no fUrther entries but go hack and cancel the occupation returns (columns 25 to 29) on the Population Schedule. 

OF COMMERCE-BUREAU' OF THE CENSUS 

Reason for being out of a job (or for losing his last job), as plant closed 

down, sicknes8, off aeason~ job 

completed. machines introolAced. strike, etc. 

15 

Col. :l~Answer for the regular job.. 

62 

i i 

." 

§ ~ 0 u 

K 

-;; 

.5 i 

1 -" " " lJ 0 

N 

2 
"Supplemeutal Schedule for Indiau Population" 

(lOW'x8", printed on two sides, green stock.) 

(face) 

DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE-BUREAU OF THE CENSUS 

FIFTEENTH CENSUS OF STATES: 193() 

For instructions and illustrative example see other side of this sheet 

8tate _______ _ 

1930 

Enumeration District No. _______ . 

Township or other 

division of county_ 

County _ ------1 So,,",,;,,,', m,',;d N" -----

________ _ _____ ~ N~~~;,I or _._._. ___ . __________ . ______ . ___ . 

Institution (if any) ._____ ~ 

(back) 

Full 

Blood Sex Age Of 

SUPPLEMENTAL 

GENERAL 

Mil:cd 

Blood 

INDIAN POPULATION 

reverse of this sheet 

Enter on this schedule the name, sex, age, degree of post-office address, and agency where enrolled 

of any person in your district',who is an Indian. 

;//' ---'"%-

EXPLANATIONS OF ENTRIES T~E MADE ON SCHEDULE 

;0 /; 

In column 1 enter the sheet number of the Population Schedule on which the Indian is enumerated; and in column 2 enter the line number which is on 

the left-hand margin of the Population Schedule opposite the nanlo of the Indian. 

Columns 3, 4, 5, G, and 7 are to be filled in with the name, sex, age, degree 01 blood, and tribe 01 the Indian. Incolumn G nse "F" for full blood and 

"11" for mixed blood. The entries for these columns are the salllo as for the Population Schedule, 

In column 8 give exact post-office address of the Indian. In case of un infant or young child) give name of prrrcnt, Of other person) to whorn or in 

whose care a letter should be addressed. 

In colulllll 9 give India!l agency where Indian cbinls to be enrolled; if Iudi::u;' does not claiIn enrollrnent at any agency, write "None." 

63 
(23*"x18W', printed on two sides, space for 40 entries on 

each side plus two additional lines for the 5-percent sample 

questions; reverse side was identical except that lines were 

(left) 

16-11576 

LOCATION HOUSEHOLD DATA 

6 

numbered 41 to 80, and the sample-line numbers were different.) Similar, but less detailed forms were used outside the 

continental United States. 

" """""""""""""- VW'Ul:iI"'''' or other ~ 

NAME 

--------.~.~ 

l'LACIIl or B:m'l.':I!: 

I-.-!.(~~~~~~~!:~:!~~~~~~~~~l-·-------------

SYMBOLS 

AND 

EXPLANATORY 

NOTES 

NAME 

64 

FATHD 

36 
"POPULATION SCHEDULE" -Continued. 

(left, center) 

RELA'rXON 

Relationship of this per- oon 10 the head of tho 

household, as wife. § 

daughter, lather. motherDil1~law, grand~ ~ 

lodger, lodger'. fl 

servant, hired ~ 

etc. 

Ward of place ______ _ (N lWle of unmoor!) 

Institution _____________________ _ 

(Name of institut\( 

EDUCATION PLACE OF BIR'I'Il 

~ 

FOR PERSONS OF ALI. AGES 

which birthplace was situate on January I, 1937 

N~~h";:-f,.~f~~3 and Irish Free State (Eire) tram 

~ ------~~--~--~ 

M01'HER 

31 

CODE 

(Leave 

blank) 

G 

MOTHER 

38 

Col. 11. AGE AT LAST BmTHDAY: 

. Filipioo________ Fil Enter age of children oom on or lifter April!. &9 followa. Born in: 

Hmdu....________ Hin 

Other races, spell 

otit in full. 

April1939 ______________ n/19 Oolober 

May 1939 _______________ 10/19 November 193IL ________ _ 

June 1939_____________ 9/12 December 1939 ___________ _ 

July 193L_____________ 8m l!mUary 11140 _________ . ____ _ 

August 1939____________ 7/12 February 11140 ____________ _ 

September 1939.-_______ OnS Much 1940 ______________ _ 

(Do not includ@ ~dren born on or aft •• April I, 11140.) 

65 

~/lg 

4/19 

3/12 

2/12 

1/19 

0/12 
1940 

(center) 

Your report Is reqlllred by Act of Congress. This Act makes it unlawful for tho Bureau nolleet.,l will be used solely for preparmg Btatistic.l informatlOn concernIng the Nallon'. 

IN WHA'f PLACE DID THIS PERSON LIVE ON APRIL 1, 1935! 

Por a person who, on Apnl1, 1035, was hvmg in the same house as at present enter in Col. 17 H~.ht1nc hQuse/' and for one hvmg III a. (hfferent houae but m the s8.J;e Clty or town, enter, "Same place," leavmg Cols. 18, 19, and 20 blank~ m both Instances. 

a different placEi9 enter city or town, county, and State, as Inl,tr'lCtJion". (Enter actual pl~co 0& residence, WhlCh way dIffer Irom 

CIty, town, or village 

! he >lng 2.500 or moro mhabltant3. STA TE (or Territory COUNTY i~ p 

Enter HR" for all other or foreign. countr/) e'~ ... pla.ces. .elt) fi!<1 al", >:l~ ,," 0"" o~ <;) 

1'1 18 19 20 D 

USUAL OCCUPATION, INDUSTRY, AND CLASS OF WORKER 

Enter thai occupation which the person regards as his usual occupation and at which he is physically able to work. IUhe person is unable to determine Ihis, enter Ihat occupation at which he has worked 

longest during the past 10 year. and at which he is physically able to work. Enter e.lso usual indus: 

try and usual claaa 01 worker. 

For" person wilhout pr~vious we!'k oxperience, enler "None" in Col. 45 and leave Cols. 46 and 47 blank. 

USUAL OCCUPATION 

45 

IUGHEST GRADE Ob' SCHOOL COMPLETE)), 

o 

Elementary school, ht to 3th g."'de____ 1,2, etc., to 8 

High 801wol, lot to 4th yoal .. ___ .. _ H-l. 11-2. I:I-ll, 1:1-4 

College, lSi to 4th ye""_ .. __ .. ______ 0-1,0-2,0-3, C-4 

College, 5th or 5ub""'luo!l\ year_, .. ______ •••••• 0-5 

USUAL INDUSTRY 

46 47 

Col. 16. CITIZENSHIP OF THE FOREIGN 

BORN 

N ... turalized _________ .. ______ _ 

Having :!Jr.t paper" __ .. __ o. __ _ 

AlielL. ___________ • _____ .. __ 

Am"ric"" ciliz." oorn "bro"d _____ ._"_ •. _______ •• 

66 

Na 

Fa 

Al 

Cit 

• 
"POPULATION SCHEDULE"-Continued 

(right, center) 

disclose any fact,s, including nam~s or identity, from your population~ reSOID'ces, and business activities. Your Census TI,_,,','~ 

COMMERCE-BUREAU OF 

PERSONS 14 YEARS Or,D AND 

'" .:!! "" 

~ a 

~ ... 

'" "" <tj 

48 49 

Col. 21. WAS THIS PERSON AT WORK! 

Enter "Yes" for persons a.t work for payor profit in private or nonemergency Government 

work. Include unpaid family 

workers-thaI is, related mem- bers o! tbe family working without money wages or salary on work (other tban housework or incidental chores) which contrib· uted 10 the family income. 

67 

Fro. 

res. 

and Ago Sex 

(6 (11) 

and 

9) 

L M N 0 

Col. 24. DID THIS PERSON HAVE A JOm Enter "Yes" for a person (not seeking 

work) who had a job, business, or professiono.l enterprise, but did no! work during week alMarch 24-30 for any of tbe following rea.!IJns: Vaca- tion; temporary illnesu; industrial dispute; layoff nol exceeding 4 weeks with instruction. 10 return to work at "specific date; layoff due to tempotarily bad weather condltion •. 

1940 
1940 

"POPULATION SCHEDUl,E" -Continued 

(right) 

Enumerated me on ________ . __ ~_. ___________ .. _. 1940. 

~al1.ation, Reg lion, or Investigation • 

• 

S. D. No. ____ .. _______________ E. D. No. ____________________ ._ 

t--~ ___ -J 

• 

~MPLOY~~TATUS ill ______ _ 

INCOME IN 1939 

)1'1, INDUSTRY, AND CLASS OF WORKER '" (12 month. ending 

,ed to public emerAency work, or with a job ("Yes" In gl ~ December 31. 1939) >nt occupation, Industry, and class of worker. - J:l -- .:1" S 

• 

and class of worker; or (b) If he doe. not have previou. work; . 

• 

:~ In Col. 28, and leave Cols. 29 and ~o blank. _ 

INDUSTRY 

<lot ton. mill CODE retail firocery "Cl (Leave blank) 

farm .. allipya.d gj publio sohool 6 

--,----1 

CE USE ONLY-DO NOT WRITE IN THESE COLUMNS 

Hrs. 

wkd. 

Gr. C't Wrk. D":r. Occupation, Industry. Wk.. Wages Ot. cem. (l~j st. and cl .... of worker wkd. (32) Inc. 

(ll) (E) (':6 (F) (31) (33) 

or 

40 

m 6 

!;l; 

., 

~ ._------- --------- Q R S T U V W XY Z 

,---- --~-

68 
INSTRUCTIONS TO ENUMERATORS 

In order to make the census as as possible, 

were provided with several kinds of schedules, 

for use in information about 

who not be at their homes, 

occupants of then-vacant living quarters, 

l<"OH'J1U~, etc, A "household" was defined in terms of 

facilities or housekeeping arrangements." 

With to race, the only from 1930 was that 

Mexicans were to be listed as White unless they were definitely 

Indian or some race other than White. 

There were detailed rules for completing the employment 

portion of the schedule (cols. 21.3J) and for coding column 

30 on the basis of the occupation entered in column 28. 

Veteran status (col. 39) was extended to peacetime service 

as well as during wars and expeditions. 

Enumerators carried a supply of a separate report form, 

at the right, which persons unwilling to give 

income information verbally could use. The completed form 

was to be inserted in an accompanying envelope, sealed, and 

given to the census taker for mailing. 

It should be noted that questions 35 through 50 were asked 

only of a 5-percent sample of the population. 

69 

1940 

CENSUS REPORT-CONFIDENTIAL.-You, ,epori i. required 

bll Act or Conuress. This Act makes it un/awful for the O .. ,eau to 

di8clo8~ any facts p including names or identity, frorrt your censua 

reports. Only sworn census employees will see your statClnenie. 

Data collecled will be ... ed solelll for preparing otal/atkal information concerning the iV(ltion~8 population, resources. and business 

flIcUvUies. Your Census Reports Cannot Be Used for Purposen of 

Taxatio'f'e g Regulationp or lrwe8tigati(jn~ 

!"orm {'-IS 

T 

BUREAU 

Sixteenth Decennial of 

: 1940 

CONFmI<~NTIAL REPORT ON WAGE OR SALARY 

INCOME, 1939 

To lie Ilsed by those who are unwilling to give to the census enumerator the answers to questions 32 and 33 

This blank will make it possible for you to furnish the answers to the questions relating to wage income in 1939 

directly to the Director of the Census in Washington, 

When you have filled out this blank, place it in the 

envelope provided by the enumerator, seal the envelope, 

and return it to him for mailing. 

The amount of wages and salary received during the 

year 1939 by the American people is the best possible measure of employment and unemployment, including partial or irregular employment, durir.g the year. Your 

cooperation in answering these questions will thus help 

to provide facts on unemployment, which is one of the 

most pressing national problems of the day. 

Your Signature Is Not Required 

32. What was the total amount of 

wages or sa.lary (i n cI u din g 

commissions) you received in 

cash (or by check or draft), as an employee, during the 

entire year 19391. $.. _____________________ _ 

If your wages or slllary for the year wel~ more than 

$5,000. write "over $5,000." Include only money received 

for work as an employee in private industry or for the Government, including work on public emergency projects 

(WPA, NYA. CCC, etc.). Do NOT include business profits, 

professional fees. receipts from sale of farm prodto!cts. inter .. est. dividends, rents. income from boarders and lodgers. 

pensions. Qt' other income other than wages or snlary in 

cash. 

33. Did you have income amounting to $50 or (Check 

more from sources other than wages or one) 

salary received in cash (or by check or YesD 

draft) during the year 19391 • • No 0 Do NOT write the amount you receiv.ed. Check "Yes" if you received $50 or more during the year 1939 from anyone (or any combination) of the following: Business profits, pro- fessional fees. receipts from sale of farm products. boarders or lodgers, pensions, rents. dividends, interest. relief. income in kind, or any other source other than wages Or salary In cash (or by check or draft). Income in kind is the value of room. board, or supplies received in payment for services. 

Check "No" if you received less than $50 from SOurces other than wages or salary in cash. 

State 

E. D. 

Sheet No. ___________ 0 

Line No. _____________ _ u. s. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1940--0-217384 
1940 

"OCCUPIED-DWELLING SCHEDULE" 

(23)f'x19", printed on two sides, space for 15 entries on each 

side, reverse side identical except that the lines were numbered 

16 to 30; yellow stock) 

(left) 

(left , center) 

"". _______________________________________ ,.~ .. "'" "k. ______________ .. _____ . _____ .. __________ •••• 

;-" _________ m,~~~~~,~:- A~::::~::~~~~A----------m:-------·II ~ ~----~-------------------------.==3~~'_-_-4~~'_--_5~.-_-_O-_-.------1 No. of gtrudure 

~~~:fo~f Population 

Dwelling 

unit No. within 

structure 

Line No. ~~. ________ _ 

15 Dwelling 

unit~o. 

Negro 

Street and No. ______________________________________ _ 0 2 

Apt. No. All other 

or location" 0 3 _______ _ 

EXPLANATORY NOTES 

en:~er~yc~~~~x: ~~.,Pi~"!~:db~~di~~~id~~e fo~ofh~ enawer. Thus, for a household which fives on _ farm, 

indicate "Yea" thuI: 

Y .. [!)l No D0 In any aerieo of boxea in a column, An "X" .hould be entered In only OOC box. 

Col 8. Type of structure -Note that if t~e structure contam. more than two dwelling unJta, or if 1t 

containS huames., or la an "other dwelhns place" the number of dwelbns: unitt must be entered in 

;~~lud:c:en~!~r~aet~: f;;e~~d'" C~f':.e~;~fter~~a:~~ placeti not mtended for habltllltion but OCCUpied. luch a8 (nUt aheJll, barDa, caVeI, etc. 

70 
"OCCUPIEI).DWELLING SCHEDULE" --Continued 

(right, center) 

(right) 

ColQ. 15 and 16 ~~'::: ':~il~t::~:t"u~:~~';;/A~f~enr:la~~ mean@ fot the exclwive tlGe of membenl of thlO houeehold. "Shlltred" meant!; shared with other houeehold&. 

Col :14 Additional monthly cOlif to ron tor -Ente:r the aVe£8ge monthly IiIImount gmid for these utilitiee by the renter in mdd.itiou to tent entered in column 7. 

71 

1940 
1940 

"VACANT·DWELLING SCHF..DULE" 

(16"x19", printed on two sides, space for 15 entries on each 

side, reverse side identical except that lines were numbered 16 

to 30, yellow stock.) "Color or race of head" and "Number of 

persons in household" (items 3 and 4 on "Occupied·Dwelling 

Schedule") did not appear on the "Vacant-Dwelling Schedule"; 

(left only) 

•• 

1 ------------

Dwelling 

unit No. 

within 

3tructure 

Section 1 Block No. __ . ___ 0. ___ 0 ______ 0._00. 

Street and No. __ . __ ._ .. _____ . ______ .. __________ . __ 

Section 15 Block No. __ . ______ . ______ _ 

15 Street 

Dwlg. and No. ___________ . ____ 0 __ .0 ___ 0 ___ 0 __ .0 __ • 

unit No. 

A t. No. or location 

EXPLANATORY NOTES 

Where cheek boxe<l a.re provided. indicate the prop"" IUUIwer by \m~ iWI "X" in the box provided for the anower. ThUll. for " household which 1iVC!! on a farm. indicate "y",," thuo: 

Yes 0 1 No 00 

In any mllli dl bw;;eII in a 001=. lUI "X" eboo.ld be oo~ m 

ooly onc bo.li;. 

INSTRUCTIONS TO ENUMERATORS 

The term "structure" was roughly comparable with "dwelling house" used in previous censuses, and 1940 "occupied 

dwelling units" could be equated with "homes" in 1930. The 

1940 housing census, however, included vacant, habitable 

dwelling units and structures. It excluded units occupied by 

quasi households (defined as 10 or more lodgers) and various 

types of institutional and other places (later called "group 

quarters") not generally considered as part of the U.S. housing 

market. The dwelling unit itself was defined as "the living 

72 

items 8-17 were the same as items 8·17 on the "Occupied· 

Dwelling Schedule"; items 18-31 which appeared on the "Occupied-Dwelling Schedule" were omitted from the "Vacant· 

Dwelling Schedule." 

quarters occupied by, or intended for occupancy by, one 

household. " 

The instructions for answering the questions on the 

occupied and vacant dwelling schedules were fairly simple, and 

in many cases were spelled out on the forms themselves. Item 

11 (state of repair) required the enumerator to report the 

structure as "needing major repairs" when parts of it, such as 

floors, roof, walls, or foundations required repair or replacement, "the continued neglect of which would impair the 

soundness of the structure and create a hazard to its safety as a 

place of residence." 
11m. H('tlaW.&H\"'; 

thro-ug-)ia ~ 

!®4lll!l~l'~ .Boo.i 

WiiH;'!Lri0E' om..; . n'l? !!4U!llJ)E'€."t .... ·! 

ro'll:ho1!"ll"G ,,""SUI 

,,<I I 

f city, 

nptly n~tl~ 

If the man 

assa.ult on n DeemS :: followed I 

,:se closely. 

"ce, Traffic '{umphrl •• , 

j the time 

la.re. The much as it 

us wanted 

at h. was I Itners trad 

.key" case. ~ 36 times' 

drunken~ I , enterlfj.S'·! 

~n seldom I een look~ 

.. pollceBrotheri!l, 

Brothers. 

tve ob~ 

'Card to 

,ut the gorall'e, The deputy chief replied I ZWIEL RELIEF 3rothers I that M('~![anus was grivlf1S' ~nd it was 

~OElsman a. lett hand clrlve on the machine. He j ~'" - 1 backed put of the lI'arag. to hJ. 1eft'I' " BY TH' E IF.WS ........... I"\!I:I;tr.a.te boct:y of Dr. Be¥l~ " , IJi> fj Ii\ 

73 

rea.c 

thOl. 

hosE 

Ru\>: 

of t 

ernp 

othe 

for 

Ti 

ned 

yesl 

com 

thltt 

untl 

min 

T 

Bor' 

pan 

and 

Hal 

the 

.Cal 

W, 

an 

trJ 

U1 

i, 

tl 

til 

ti 

w 

t. 

it 

tl 

u 

(, 

" n 

rr 

EVENI--NG~S--CH------- E 

W~II A TTI:"'OED ~ 
1950 

The basic schedule, form PI, was a white 19"x22" sheet, 

printed in green ink on both sides. The front included space 

for population information for 30 persons, with a separate line 

for each person enumerated. (The reverse side, the housing 

schedule, contained spaces for information for 12 dwelling 

units that housed the persons enumerated on the population 

side of the form.) Questions 15 through 20 were asked only 

for persons 14 years of age and over. 

Questions at the bottom of the schedule (21-33c) were 

asked for the one person in five whose name fell on a sample 

line that was indicated in black. (There were five printings to 

vary the sample lines.) The person whose name fell on the last 

sample line was also asked the additional questions from 34 

on. Of the sample items, Nos. 29 on applied only to persons 

14 years of age and over. 

Only the data items collected for tabulation are reproduced 

here. For identification items, screening questions, and format 

of the schedule and other questionnaires used, see bibliography item 3. 

r-'l 

. I 

~ .--"-' :--------'-----r--- .---]- Ie 

thle 

house 

on .. farm 

(or 

........ h)t 

(Yes Of No) 

RELA.TIONSHIP 

Enter rt'in.tiomlbip of 

porson to bead of 

tbe bOU."flbotd, IIMI 

Hood 

Wife 

Dfmgb .... 

Omndsoll 

MothOO'°in·1m.'lI 

lAdg", 

Lodge.r'swllo 

Maid 

I1Uod_d 

Petieut,oto, 

I 

, 

I 

I I ____ ~ L_.".-

RAOII 

WhiOO(W) 

N.gr<>(N..,) 

Ameriea.n 

indian 

(lnd) 

¥apan0S@ 

(1 •• ) 

Ohinese 

(Obi) 

Filipino 

(l1'II) 

Other 

......... 

speUOQ$ 

I 

, 

I 

[5 

BIIX 

IIo ... 10 ho old now ...... ",,,,, . he on rled, M. .. Id· Mole last oWfld, (M) birtb. I divor- dayT I ted. 

II". loepa. 

.. !II. (Hun· I rated, 

(II) derOD'b 01' 

yeiU' of ilever .... mar .. .... , rledT montb 

of birth 

.. 

April, 

11.f,1:>. May, 

Doa .• .... .... ) Nov) 

UII tl 12 

~PI0Y&d (Wkinltem 1&, or YosinU.em 16orite-m 18), des('rioojob orbusln6:' holdlMt ",,!~I,r 2. Iflooklngtor work (Yoainitem 17,. des('-ribetaatlob or bwlnesB 

3. Vor all other pofson&.lellve ble.nk 

Wbat kind of wOlrk was he . What kind or b .. si"<lo. or 01",," of worker dolngf induotry was II .... "rkln, Inr 

For exa.mp1.G: , For eumple: 

-

, ... "Kg .. 

!> ... " III? 

If born outsld0 (lootin ental United. 

Btat0&. enter n&m0 

ptlBSootllon.orloreign 

of Terrltor:r. 

coontr), 

lllsUnguJeb Oanadafrom OntladfloOtb&r FrenCD 

ill .-------

UNoin 

item;.H·-

Willi Wae Wall lie 

!iri"g he be 

In living living 

this on .. in 

same f ....... Ibis 

Iffor~ Wliae 0' .. bo_ .. ". this lobe pereOD Datu .. doing ralIud? most of laol 

... oel<-

... ".k· 

1"11. IJ"· 0." k .. "pln" APfer h@uee, born 

abroad '" 0' "me .. Am ..... ... lid". 

Pfilf~ "1,,,,1 "" .. / 

~'r.~'r'fl 

I (or un" flbletc 

wall) 

r 14 11 

UROf Ot UNo UNo UWl8:ln ioiwml6-- lnU01n lQUem itetn 16 

Did Ihl. If}-~ 17- or Y00m 

pefoon Wme Even itom Ill- d. auy Iilio though How w".k at ,,111 •• 1 1'<',. h" maDY ... n didn', hours week.n". 1001<· work did h" counling ing work e.1Ii w",1< for week, 1 ... 1 uoundl 

lit" ... .. rI<T d .. eo w .. eU 

h" h .. " ... 1 (Boo ~Includo 

Bpoolol hAve «Include unpaid 

work 0.,00' ajoll worton lor pa1,Inown below) or family 

btll:lmeSfl, b,,01· tarmor 

poofeL!$l.on. " .. ...r bWliuNl'A) 

<mlann, 

Of Wlpald 

, ... 0."""') CYesO!l' (Yet!lor (Numbar G1'~or No) No) No) otb()Uf@) 1. 1'1 19 111 

UNo til ttam23-

Wil .. t eOlBllly lind SIRI",wiM!lI. ilriD4I illl!ll yea. IIllG? 

NedlB beels on 8boe.L"_~ 

Ob.0miBtry professor _. 

BhO&ta.ctory ________ ."" •• ~_~" __ ."" __ ~_ ! For PRIVATE dUJ.pioJyer (P) house iii .... m" year !Coun .. 

Fattn(lf " ••• ~ •• ____ _ 

Fann heipJll'."_"" __ ••• __ "_" __ . ___ "_ •••• 

State unlvcl1llty... .. , ......... _. __ i J!or OOVERNMENT (0) 

Farm _______ • _ In OWN bU5i9M9 (0) 

FtN'm ______ ._"_"_ •• ___ ._._ ....... _""_"_ WITHOU'l' PAYonfemUy 

farm or bU',in6~3 (N!') 

a 

.. year ago! 11 " agoY 1"'" ag"y Oounty 

ArmedforCIM •• __ " __ _ 

Novo! vorkoo"" ... _._._ 

fr. G ..... ____ -I 

, Nil)' 

20b 20e 

Did II", II .... he ---l~(,oo_ tasif·. !nOODle reeMved by tbln porsonll3 (1)&8 lIth.,.,......u. '-7 bOO\! , ... do_ ... boI-A- I m..t fuet)fl,I,$ r~ed b:v bIa ntatlllHlO 1ft tbll bOU&ehol 

10111 .. Il10Id attended ~ ~ :r~k i.1!ou , blghelit IIWi oeliool at ftUY it0IU 17)- Laol y...... jlL .. 1lt " ..... ! L""I y ...... ,,_ :':.t!ioI Last year I Last yeu~ I L&at yearl> grade ~! II ..... 1iI11.,., II .... (1949), ho,. I II .... much' ",neil """'''1 (1949). h .. "" lao", mllela ; ",,,eh ",,, .. .,y did 

"f "'''''''!lImr, lol? this '''' .... much money: money i he reeelvlD from ",,,01"110""1, '''''''''1 diil, lal •• 01,,11""0 I" ""IIIM1 m ... y d ... , did h .. ear" , did he ear ... i ol0,eol, d1ri- did hi. r .. In·, laIo rei... 'this h,,"sehol<1l lhill .. eeke wod!.,.u. working as 'working , de"d", ""I<>,n's Uves iii ! lives 1111 ' ."."\,, .. fi"", 1,,- 1 .. ,1oi!II bas he lD€liWm'lI .. .,,' e",ploye .. ' In hi ... _ ' .. 11 ...... "."11, iI'lil- this h .. ,,_ : tbl. boufl4l.' leresl, oil vlde"dll, .. t- been i D8'WMk for wages : buslneB8t : 010113& rerait4 or hold ea.n ,"old elii'll : .... Ier .... ·s "II@ ... wlld_f (I'o'l 'hOO0 'UfJdGt 30 looJd,ng .".104,,,,, Or ......... 1f ,pr@Cession., olbe. 1""""'111 , .. orldnll rOf , In "WI) , IIn."s, iI'l".I"Bfl, v::: of &!'f0 eilNlk for b .... 1 , ... pra.ti ... ,. (aside fro", .... g.o or I I"'''ft''''-' 'roilio. or olher Ill!!"" &so« No Yl'oritf ~m:u.t.tN UBctawmD@' .... (En .... m"""l , or for""r ' •• rlll"lIo)? r:!:~!!t I prof~""'o".: I ..... mll <".Ide ....... »'0If tboo@ 30 ),(lQru (Nuw. (Number before deduo> I orrlte<y._ efore dedM> ! al pr2u~tle0o I [rom -- 014 er o~ cbeck 30 beror olW'tak8 tionsfor~ (:Enternea orrM$ip~.,.) boloW, ...... , weeks) In 1949) etc.) Income) tiondor tams, i or farUtY I earniftge)'l etc.) (NeUncome) I 

.---. -------,,---- ~-. - ·_---·"'----1-'·--- ___ . __ 25 _____ :2111 'KI -~--- 29 30 310 32" 321> 32. - ----.. --. 

74 
"POPULATION SCHEDULE" -Continued 

--------1 

IrHalo-

(.uk MOb (J,lWtion) 

Did he ever Ilene> i1i1 

I"" U. S. Armed !i'OfHS «11 ...... g-

~-~ I ,olhllf , :timo, 

World' '1'1"0.1<1'1111011& 

Wilr: War :1"1Il 

II i I ,pr_ 

I , .... a I Be,rw@ 

, ;lcfI 

-~~- 331> 33<1 

To what tribe To what 

does he belong? does Ioe 

clan 

3511. WIt"t kind of busine •• Of 3~.. ChillS 01 worker 

Ind"olry did lie work Inr (1', G

l O. or NP, as in tem 2(0) 

o No 

INSTRUCTIONS TO ENUMERATORS 

Changes from 1940 were few. Special pains were taken in 

the 1950 census, however, to distinguish among institutions, 

households, and quasi households (five or more nonrelatives of 

the head, other than employees). 

College students were to be enumerated ,where they lived 

while attending school, rather than where their homes were 

'located. Members of the Armed Forces who slept off post 

would be counted where they slept rather than where they 

were stationed. 

The instructions continued to allow anyone to be designated as head of the household for relationship purposes, but 

if a woman was listed as head and her husband was present, he 

was reclassified as the head when the completed schedule was 

reviewed in the office. (At the time, the number of such cases 

was relatively small.) 

A "family" was distinguished from a "household" in that 

the family represented a group of two or more persons related 

by blood, marriage, or adoption. A household could contain 

one or more families, or none, but would occupy only one 

dwelling unit (quarters with separate cooking equipment or 

(new for 1950) a separate entrance). 

As in 1940, there was a separate form a respondent could 

use to report income, However, this was now a self-mailing 

piece, P6, which the householder was asked to complete and 

post (rather than hand it to the enumerator). 

A supplemental schedule, P8, was used to obtain additional 

information on Indian reservations. In addition to entering 

each person's name as it appeared on the regular schedule, the 

enumerator wrote in any other name(s) by which that person 

was known. The following questions were asked for tabulation 

purposes. (The housing items appear on p. 68). 

Indians 

1- Degree of i- l IIlct.L"'l~~ood In 1949 did II .. 

belong? I !'lIn blooo lIoes· he Does ile Does he Does I:e D~~~oe~-::- attend or parHalf ticipale in any to full read write speak read any WI' i te Sl*ak Quarter to half native Indian 

Less than 114 Eng !ish? English? English? other an)' othPr an,vother cf"rpmonies? 

(Check. one box) language? language? language? (Ch eck one box) --.~---.- ---- --~----- ---_. - --- -

1950 

- ... --.~- -----

5 Ii 7 8a 811 8e 9 .. 9b !Ie JO 

0 None o Pull 

DYes DYes LJ r:::J At ten ded 1/2 n Yes n Yes n 'yes 0 Yes 

01/4 o No o No Q No o No o No o No 

C Parti cipat ed 

NBln. Name f.::J Less o Nei ther - --

75 
1950 

"HOUSING SCHEDULE" 

(Reverse side of population schedule is described on p. 66 

Only data items collected for tabulation are reproduced here. 

For identification items,screening questions, and format, see 

bibliography item 3.) 

14 

R. ES0\1;U~~T 

(DID 1'"",1 

~teu.JIl or 

bot water 

2 0 ~'I~~:~~air 

3 0 ;;\~~ilrs __ wah Oue 

4 0 ~)1~1~;t5~ 

no Oue 

50~~ie(1 

vO Y~Cfl,nt 

b. Does thiB 12" IInit have \!:) electric 

lighting? 

'Oy", 

20 No 

c. Is there a r::r radio in \:Y this unit! 

10 Yes 

20 "0 

v 0 Vacant 

d. KI1TIIEN SINK 

@l 0 r~;t,t:>bIS e'r1u~ive 

use 

2 b ~.~t~~ed an(Jlh~'r 

UUH 

3 0 ~~;~!I'nk 

for thiS 

Ullit 

3 

TYPE OF LIVINO QUARTERS 

t o House, apartment, 

fia' 

2 01',,>11., 

3 o Taot, host, laU- road car 

X o NondwelHng·unit 

Quarters \n large rooming houso, institutIOn, hotel. tourist court, etc (It nondwelling unit, do not asl!: remaininp: items) 

15 

a. F~~~tTJ~~D MOST 

I 0 Coal or coke 

2 [J Wood 

3 0 VtJlity gas 

4 U Bottled gas 

5 0 Liquid fuel 

60 Electricity 

10 Other fuel 

b 0 :'\ ot beated 

vO Vacant 

h. What type of 

refrigerator 

does this unit have? 

i 0 ~/:!~\~~~' ga,,,, 

mecbanical 

Icfrl).:eralOr 

2 0 :~~ lt~'~;a~~;ce 

3 0 ~lt~~~~;t~ll 

.. 0 None 

vO Vacaot 

c. Is there a television 

set in this unit? 

'Oy·, 

20"0 

v 0 Vacant 

d. ('ooKI!'l'O 

FU}<~L USED !\lUST 

1 0 ('oal or coke 

20 Wood 

3D Ctilityga.s 

" [J Botlled gas 

5 0 Lifjuid fuel 

60 Electricity 

70 Vtberfuel 

8 0 :\ 0 Cook.ing 

V 0 Vacant 

e. When was this structure ® built? 

If built in 1940 or after. enter e",<M!t year. 

Year ______ ._ 

If built hetore 11)40, check one box: 

01 [J 1930-1039 

0' 0 I020-I02\) 

03 D 1919 or before 

4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 13 

TYPE NUM· BUSI· CONDI· OF BER OF NESS TiON STRUC· DWELL· UNIT' OF UNIT TURE INO IN UNITS STRUC· I O~il~tp. I OP.~h. IN TURE BTRUC· IdatOO od TURE I [JYes 

20~~ 20~~~ tach- 'ONo .d 

3DtB~b. .d 

(Number) 

How PIPED WATER TYPE OF TOILET·- INSTALLED 

many SUPPLY TOILET EXCLUSIVE BATHTUB USE OIl rooms 1 0 ~~~dR~~n~i~~ t 0 i~~~~~ t\~~et SHOWEH 

are in 1 0 ~~ft~~iS this water inside Structure 1 D ~~~t~~iS this structure exclusive unit. 2 0 ~J~;I~;~i~1~ us. excluslve 

not 2 q ?UnJKi~o~d:aifeid use 

count~ inSIde this structure 2 0 ~~~bed 2 0 ~.~~I~ed ing structure 3 0 ~~~~!,' grut- aoother another bath· 3 D :~:~ ~~~~~~g unit unH 

roome? chemical this structure toilet 30~~et 30~'~h. 

4 0 ~~t~~~:run. 4 0 ~; ttbii!e~nit for tbis tub or 

unit shower 

(NumbN) (hand pump, for this well. etc.) uuit 

.. _---------- FO~tfsil FOR NONFARM FOR NONFARM FOR NONFARM UNITS OCCUPIED VAC VACANT UNITS UNITS OCCUPIED 

UN ONLY BY OWNER BY RENTER 

16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 

OCCUPANCY If "For Il"For How How Is there What In addition to rent, how 

Occupled-· lO~~?' rent"- sale much many any i. the much do you pay for- Monthly onlY"~- would dwell· mort· month. Enter amount Nothing '0 By owner sona! rent tor Sale this jng gage Iy renl in dolla.rs paid 

20 By tbis price units for renter prop· (trust) 

2D~:~1 unit- Qsked- erty are iUm on this this Electrici!~~O~IY 'vo~g.) 0 3D Rent froo seil eluded prop- unit? 

Vacant--

40 For rent 

5D~I~rysrt.le 

6 0 ~~~ ~orr sale 

for? in this erty? Gas? '---- 0 

prop- 10 Ye, (Monthly average) 

erty? Water? (MO~verage) 0 'ONo 

Wood? Coal? $..---- $..---- $--- (Number) I-- Oil? 

(l,lmonths tot,') 0 

INSTRUCTIONS TO ENUMERATORS 

The census takers continued to define "nondwelling-unit quarters" 

(item 3) as they had in 1940, including as dwelling units those places 

with fewer than 10 lodgers. However, in subsequent office coding, any 

residence with 5 to 9 lodgers was reclassified as a nondwelling unit and 

excluded from the housing inventory. Vacant trailers, tents, boats, etc., 

were not enumerated. 

There were detailed instructions for classifying various facilities 

(such as plumbing), equipment, and rooms for inclusion in the census. 

In item 7 (condition of unit), the enumerator had to decide whether 

or not the place was "dilapidated," which, in conjunction with the 

information on plumbing facilities (items 10-13) would provide an 

indicator of housing quality. The reference manual had a special 

illustrated section devoted to item 7 and training was augmented with a 

filmstrip. With this background, "dilapidated" or "not dilapidated" was 

to be checked without asking the householder about the condition of 

the unit. The decision was to be made on the basis of observation, 

looking for critical and minor housing deficiencies or for the adequacy 

of the original construction. A dilapidated unit, the census taker was 

told, was "below the generally accepted minimum standard fIDr 

housing." It failed to protect the occupants from the elements qr 

endangered their health or safety. It could be dilapidated because it har 

been neglected or because the original construction had been inad~~ 

quate in the first place. A unit was not to be reported as "dilapidated,' 

simply because it was old or dingy, nor was it "not dilapidatedl' 

because it happened to be freshly painted or shingled over. 

Items 14 and 15 were five different sets of questions, and eacl\t 

household answered the set found on the line on which. it wa~ 

enumerated (thus constituting a 20·percent sample for these items). 

Indian Housing 

j. Type of house construction (Check olJe) Tyre of flour COl)struc~ 

tioll (l'hecK Olle) 

0 F'rarr.e 0 Log 0 Stone or bric' 

0 Tellt 0 Brush 0 lAud or adobe 

Lurth o Wood 

Oth", __ _ f)'.he r Specify Socclfy 

76 

25 26 

Is Ihi. If 

unit rented 

rented- furID&~: nishedWhat n19h~ wouJdit "" rent for 

nr monthIy If 

'O~'!'"h. unfurod rushed? 

$.-....-
IllWltrations From 1950 Census Enumerator's Reference Manual 

FIGURES 15 AND 16.-A house which is not dilapidated. In the top picture you 

can see·only one or two indications of deterioration. Likewise, although the 

interior of the house is drab and dingy, nothing can be seen in the bottom picture 

to justify classifying the house dilapidated. 

77 
1900 

POPULATION INQUIRIES 

The responses supplied by householders to the inquiries 

shown below were transcribed by enumerators to machinereadable forms, 14-1/8" x 17-1/4", which were the official 

1960 schedules. 

Only data items collected for tabulation are shown here. 

For identification items, screening questions, and format, see 

bibliography item 4. 

Wh~c 1~~h~:1t!i~h~:Ph:sd.~1?f$Oft Mol. 

or 

(For example. wife, son, daughter, F4!MOlw 

erandson. mother-in-law, lodger, - lodger's wife) (M or F) 

._----- (P3) (P4) 

P8. Whel't wa. this porion bom? 

(II born in hospitol, give r.,idenco 0# mo,her, not location f)f 

hOlpitaf) 

If born In the United Staten, writ. nome of State. 

If born oUhide tho United Stot.s. write name of coun'ry. U.S. 

poueuion, e'c, Use internotionol boundaries as now recognized by the U.S. Distinguish Northern heland from Ireland 

(Eire). 

(Stole, foreign (ovntry, u.s.. ptllMuioI"I, etc,) 

P9. If this p$f"'OfI was bOm au,.loo tho U.S.-

Whot languago was spoken In his home btfor. hill (omt to tho 

Uni'ed Stotos? 

P10. 'I/h.gt (ountry \!lUI his fathM born il11 

~:::~.D OR 

(NOInIt of hnoign COOfttry; Of Pwrfo Ri1::o. Guom, .. te. 

Pl1, What (Ountry wos his mottm born In? 

~~::~.O OR (Nome of '0I4!Ugn Couritry, 01 PUG'rto Rico. Gvom, etc.) 

1'12. When did this 'penon move into this hooM (or apmimeftt)? 

(Check dote af Jost move) 

0 Jon. 1954 

In 1959 or 1960 to March 1955 .0 

In 1953 n 195010 1953 

In 1957. n 1940 to 1949. 

1939 or earlier. April 195$ 

to Dec, 1956" n Alway, lived her._ 

P13. Did ho Ii .. in this hou .. 01\ April 1, 19151 (Answer J, 2, or 3) 

1. Born April 1955 or later 

Of! 

2. Vln, Ihi, house. o. 3. No, d;R.,.nt hou •• ~ 

Whore didholi •• on April!, 19m 

a. City or loyln 

0 

0 

0 

0 

b. If city or town_ Did M live in,ide 

the dty limits? . { 

Ye •.. 0 

No .. 0 

c. County 

Stote, "''''D fone'gn 

country, U.S. 

pouen,on, etc. 

I 

10 ,hi. p_.- Whit. 

Ne9fo 

AmOflean Indian 

Japane •• When WOI thil 

Chi."", person bom? 

Filipino 

HawaIIan 

Part HawaIIan 

AI.ut 

Esklm. 

(Ofc.)? (P6) 

(PS) Month i Year 

pi4~ WiMIt I. the high,st grade (or yHf) of ,'tulol school this ptVIOA 

hos Iver attfmded? (CheCk OIMI' bOJf) 

I, thk penon ..... 

M."IO<! 

Widowed 

DlvoreO<! 

;»parofod 

SI.gl. (n .. ", ",onl.d)? 

(Leave blank for children born alter Ma«h 31, 1946) 

(P7) 

P13. II fit" person hal "ver 00011 fflQffied_ 

HOi this penon b¢.en married mcws theft on(&1 

More thon If now ottending a regular, school or college, check tho grade 

lor year) he il in. If it is in junior high school, check 'h!ll 

box Ihol atonds for that grade (or year). 

Never aHend.d "hool " . 0 o~.~ ________ ~o~ __________ ~ P19. WIlen did ho Wh .. did ho 9" morriod Kindergorten _ .0 got Married? for the firs' limo? 

Eleme-ntory 

sCh0611Grode) 

12345678 

00000000 

1 2 3 • 

Month Month 

Year Villar 

High "hool (Veor)_ ... 0000 P20. /I this is a woman who has 6'V&r blNt! morriod- 123456ormof. 

000000 Hew many bGbies has "tlt &Vtr hod, not counting ,tillbirths? College (Vear) Do not count h.r stepchildn,n Of adopted chil4len. 

PIS. Did ho fini,h ,ho hig""'t grodo (Of y ... ) ho ""end ... ? OR Nono .. O finished Did not Never 

:r~d. __ +O ~i~·~rad •• + _ 0 :c~;:t~_. 0 '16. Has he oHend .. d '-tvlor "hoot or (01. 81 any filM MIMe 

February I, 19601 

If h. hos oHend.d only nursery school, bu.inou or trode 

school, or adult education clOISOS, chi&Ck "No". 

Y •• . ~ ____ N_O_ .. _ •• _O _____ -l 

P17. Is it a pu~l( school Of a ptivote "hoot? 

Public .(hool. o 

C Private or 0 ~,o(hial school. __ 

lorn bofor. 

April 1946 

p'"se go on ~ wi,h questions 1'22 to 

1'35. An~wer /hit qUeltions f'JJgordleu 

of whether ~. perl!;)n j, 0 hauJewim, 

.tudent, or ref,red ponon, or a porl· 

lima or full-liMit Workflt 

There were a number of changes in content over 1950, notably 

broader coverage of employment and education, and the addition of 

questions on commuting patterns and mobility_ 

Questions P3-P7 were asked for all persons, but the other items (P8 

ff.) were collected on a 25-percent basis. In 1960, the housing unit or 

the group quarters (the dwelling or nondwelling units in 1950) was the 

sampling unit, so that everyone living in that unit fell in the sample. 

There were special procedures for sampling persons in institutions and 

similar facilities, however. A unit with five or more lodgers or six 

unrelated individuals (one of whom was designated as head) was 

classified as "group q uarters_" 

The month of birth (P6) was collected for everyone, but only the 

quarter was transcribed to the official schedule. 

The instructions for completing P5 (race or color) by observation 

directed that Puerto Ricans, Mexicans, or other persons of Latin 

descent would be classified as "White" unless they were definitely 

Negro, Indian, or some other race. Southern European and Near 

Eastern nationalities also were to be considered White. Asian Indians 

were to be classified as "Other," and "Hindu" written in_ 

The husband of a married couple was always to be listed as the head 

of the household if he was present. 

78 

Bom April 1946 

or lot.r 

"00 •• omil que.-

I;on. 1'22 fo P35 

and turn th. pogo 

to th. nelff penon 
1900 

POPULATION INQUIRIES-Continued 

1'22. Did thi. penon .... k 01 .ny Hmo I .. , ", .. k? 

Include porl.tlme work luch tJ& a Saturday job, delivering 'popsn, 

or h.lpmg without poy in a family bUlin.55 or form. Do fiet 

count own hou.ework. 

v •• 

... 0 

o 

o morlll ... 0 • job? 

1'2$ .. 

v ••.. 0 N •.... o 

'26. WIIo. did M I!!!! worl! 01 .", •••• I ... 10 .. doy.? 

(CfwlCk OIl$' box) 

Working now __ 0 1949 or Glorlier. _ • 0 

'.1960 .... 0 1. '959 ....... 0 N3VGI'f work.d ____ • 0 

1955 ,.1958 .. 0 1950 t. 1954. 0 

1'27. 0<"'11"110. (An.w., I. 2. or 3) 

1. This J)On.on last worked in 1949 or $tIrli.r ... } 0 This porion hOI novor workllld .. ____ •.• _ • 

om 2. On active duty in tho Armod Forc$1 now. __ . " __ . 0 @lI 

:.. Workod in 19 SO or lot~ Answer (f flo ., bttlow. 

Describe 'his person', job Of bu.inolll lo.t week, 

if any, and writ. in nomo of employer. If thit 

person hod no job or bu,ine .. 10M wHk, give 

information for linl job or bulline" since 1950. 

•. 'Of ",hom did Ito work? 

b. WIioI kind .f btI.I ..... Of indo."" "OS thi.? 

D.scribe activity at location where employed. 

(fof ellomp!., County 11.11'1101 high $(hGOI, auto anembly plant. TV 

ond rodlO u,rlllcq, rllItoil ~up0fmork01. rood co".truchon, form) 

c. Is thi' primarily: 

Manufacturing. 

Whol~nol0 trode. 

(Clio< .... bo.) 

o 

..0 R@toil trode .•• _ •. + _ - 0 Other (&efvic19&, ogriculturo, 

gOY$mment, conllructicl'I, etc.) ... 0 

<i. WIioI kind .f work .... Ito doiog? 

(For •• ample: .th grod\t Engl,," loockof, pCJlnl.proy0t. ,opoin 

TV wh, 9'MlIlry (hocker, civil8n,Hw9t, former, form hond) 

o. W .. thl. 1*- (Chock .... bo.) 

Emplo.,. •• of private compon)', busin:,tn, or indio 0 vidval. for wog!lI5, salary, or commiuionr. 

tkc::V:;'~~I::~:~y·e (Federal, Stote, 0 

Sel~'f:7::~~'::1 i;,:(~:e,b:~i~::~ . . . . 0 

WO~~~~n9.s':':~;:~! P@V in " family 0 

" thi, peNOI'I WOI'Ic.d fctll' week, anlw., questioltl P2S and P29. +-----------------------4 1'21. WIioI I"" """ , ... tv <lid Ito ..... in Imt ..... 1 

If he worked in WIOfO than one city 0' county, give ploc. 

""h.rflt h. worktlld most lallt wflH,k. 

fl. City or town 

b. If city or fOwn- Did he wifk inside the citv limit.? . 

f" County 

1'29. """ did M got t. work loot _1 

... {vo •. 0 No .. o StotG' 

(Chitdr OM bo.ll #or principol IVI$OftJ tJseQ kut week' 

Roilrood _ _ 0 Tarticab .• __ 0 Wetli only ____ 0 

:;:;:. ~~ _ .0 ~i:; '::t. 0 :::~ 01 _ 0 

f:lll. lo.t yoor (1959), did this ,..... ""'k 01 011, .... "" .1 • ., doy.? 

Y.' .. cr No .. o '31. H." .... y .... k. did he .... h in 1959, ellh., '.11·11 .... r pari-tlrM? Count paid vocation, paid sick I@ove, ond mili. 

tory &ervico as "" •• In worked. 

(If exact liyuro no' known, givfb bes' ~8timo'o) 

13 woeks or leu 40 to 47 weeks_ 

ril4. Io.t y ... (19S9), did thh pen .. r ........ y i ....... Iv, .. ,,, 

Social lIecUrity 

Penllions 

Vetwfon's paymenl1 

Reml (minus u.p."ies) 

Int9tost or dividefl(b 

UnomploYM$:nt imurom:e 

Welforo paymenh 

Arty OHHH ururce not already entered 

14 to 26 woela_ 

27 to 39 ..... eeks_ 

v.'E( Mo.o Wh§~ il tha amount hi fe€01VN from iheso iOOf(El§ 

in 19591 (/I@IItl(t figYre flOt kOO""", g'''''' bod '11";11"10,,",) 

'31. N@w mud, did this ponGH @Ofi'l in 19S9 in WWgtHS, salol'V, (OM- mi,,,-, or HI" Iv ... 011 j .... ? I 11>011." 00',) .00 

I '35. If !hi. i •• m •• - hfofe d®ductioin for tax~s, bonds, dUfU, or ottUH it$ms. 

(fnfllJr amount or chock "NOM." "lIxod ligur@ not known, 

9;"0 hosf edima'(I.) Has he evef sirv@d in ths Army, N@vy, or @ther Armed FOJ(Oi of 

the U.~ed Stot •• ? I .00 (Collen OfIly) 

P33. H ......... <lid M .. m I. 19!9 I. ",.1Ito Of f ... ~.'kli19 I. hill own bUlinGss, pr@f.ssion@1 pi'GCti(Q, parinlr&Mp, Of 'arnl? 

v ••. 0 No 

• 

o (Check OM bo.!! 

on each fmo) 

v •• 

Net income aftef bUlin(lu 0!(p&n.el. ((inhir omount or cJ"l!~d( 

"None." II oRact fi9vrc not known, give best 0"imol!}. II 

bUlIil1ltu or form lost money, write '·lou·' ofter amount.) 

$ .00 (ljI N .... D (DollGflonly) 

Kotl)on War (JUM 1~.sOtoJcn 19$.5). 

World War II (5opt. 194010 July IlMn 

World War I (April 1911 to Nov. 19ltH 

My oltter time, including pre~ent &tn'vlce 

o 

o 

o 

o 

Questions asked in New York State only 

. 

! ! Is ' .. 

h0 Il) U,S. 

-~~ cUb",,, "/ 

; 

! 

; 

(P~6) ········-··-···:··--p~~;;~···r···Ei~~:····:-··········· .. : ............ . U.S. i Rico i where i V",s i No 

Questions asked only of the U.S. population overseas 

10, ~~~:E~I~TTAH~~~ERSOM (LAST)LEAVET~ ~~~i~~·~~~~:~-~::~~~·-· .-- ~- -~-1- BltcJude Vfle&tions, home /eave.or temporary OR Left befote 1940· ~ n 0 visits In t'!.e_~nl.t!!.~S!.fJ!.e_!. ___ ....:... _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __________ ~)~ ~e~e:. I~v:.? !11_ U..:~:.:. _0 

elf thll!l person (/ost}leH the U.S. In 1960 e.. I. DOES HE EXPECT TO BE ABROAD AT r_ltpects to be abroa.d "' months or more· e D' ~ 0 

LEAST 3 MONTHS? Expect" to be abfflad less thAn 3 months ~ • ~ ~ C.l 

13. If ttu~ person ho~ 'el.:f'lved 8 deBree trom ~~-~Deg""tee Mollot ftdd - unlverslly, or ItchrHcltl InstItute·" 

WHAT AND 1M DEGREE(Si WHAT MAJOR HAS FIELD(S) HE RECE)VED, ? ! • - •• • _ •• • •••••••••• 0 ••• 0 - ~ .. ~ 

••• ~ • _ •••••• > •••••••• 0 0 •• ~ 0 $ 

• ~ _ _ _ • _ _ __ • ~ _ w ___ • __ w. 

---------------------_. 14,11 fha person ha~ af'elldt Ii u tcchnlcn/ In~tjtut('! Technical Institute work (v,lthoUI des.ree) 

~~~o~Ar~~e~~":R'; ~111~('~E ATTEND THE TECHMI. ,i No, of Field of study 

;~;~~S~r'p~~T~E;h~:,D ... :i~~!v~!;;~),Ddl~r~!s STUDY?I i years 

~rt&d ,"~~_~~J. .-----11~ _. ~._. __ ~.:.~~~..!"~~ 15. DOES THIS PERSON SPEAK At-'Y LOCAL LANGUAGF.?IF.uc. locall.lnsu3ge? 

~~:;km::~,"';,,~nl). Il Ie ... "ord.~ 01 the //lnRu.,Se. I i Ylto!>· :'.J~WhAt h08uaBe) 

7.~,;,~; .. ,ocn' En.,,,h. unlo" " "":..:~_'~:_'~. __ ~-"~.-.:...:....:..:.:-. :"':.:.: .. ::':' :.:.:...:=:~ 

79 

No 

o 

o 

o 

o 
1000 

HOUSING INQUIRIES 

Questions H3-H16 were asked for all housing units, and the 

others (HI7-H46) on either a 25-, 20-, or 5-percent sample 

basis. (The 20- and 5-percent samples were subdivisions of the 

25-percent selection.) 

Questions on the presence of a kitchen sink and electric 

lighting, and the type of refrigerator asked in 1950 were 

omitted. A number of new sample items were added, however, 

mainly on facilities and equipment, and detailed instructions 

were supplied. 

In question H6 (condition), the category "Not dilapidated" 

was subdivided into "sound" (in good repair) and "deteriorating" (in need of repair), and the enumerator was given a 

list of "slight," "intermediate," and "critical" defects by 

which a determination could be made. 

As before, vacant trailers, boats, etc., were not enumerated. 

H3.TYpo--- K4--:-AUH'to of housing unit H6_ Condition ---r.r: o.,""" •• y-

~'~l unit 

HOU;0~' ._+-----~-----~ ------ --ill---

lou",L ' 0 ilkC"Pi04 -- - - 0 for rent_ 0 1 unit: 

The enumerator entered answers to these 

items directly to the schedule, based on 

observation 

opt., 

nu' 0 Oired from outside or (OmMOn 

haiL - - - 0 

DtIfH'io. Vouml: 

rating _ 0 Vtur·rouoo _ + () 

Dilapi. Migratory wkr 0 

00"''- 0 10 .... 01 _ _ _ 0 

",- ._----- ~---~---~--

FOf sole only _ () 

Rid Of sold not 0« () 

fOt' (K(osi()ool Us& C'J 

Other vocon' ~ 0 

No bllSiness 0 

Wi,h bin _ 0 

"+ unih_ 0 

Enumerators transcribed householders' responses to the inquiries shown below to machine-readable forms that were the 

official 1960 schedules. Only data items collected for tabulation are reproduced. For identification items, screening questions, and format, see bibliography item 4. 

H5. Do you have 0 kitchen 01 cooking "<Iuipm .. "1: (Check one) 

For us .. 01 the 1',,01'1 .. in you. hous"hold only (th'! •• you lisl.d in Section A)? --- 0 

Shar.d .. ilh anoth •• hou •• hold Or no cooking "<1.;1'11'1" .. ,1 _____________________________ 0 

He. Ho .. many rooms 0 •• in you. hou ... or apart",",? (Count a kilchen as a .0011'1 but do "01 count bath,ooms' 

Numb •• of ,oom5 ....... . 

H9. I. ,h.r. ho' ...... d ,old .uniliilS .... 0' .... In ,hi. IIou •• or building? (Ch<>ck one) 

Hal and ,old running wot., inside Ih. hou •• 0, building ____ . _______________ 0 

Only cold ,unning wale' inside _____ .. ______________________ . _____________ . _______ 0 

Running wol., on ploperty but nol inside b"ildi"9 _________________ . __________ 0 

No running w~terw_~~~_~ __________________________________________ _____________ • __ • __ 0 

Hi O. I. Ih.,. a Rush 'oilet in ,hi. hou •• or build;",? (Chock one) 

Yos, for Ih. us. of thi' hous.hold only _________________________________________ 0 

Yes, bul .hored wilh anoth.r hou •• hold ________________________ . ___ . ____________ 0 

No flu.h loilet for the us. ollhi. hous.hold ______ . ______________________________ 0 

H11. I, Ih .. ,. a balhtub 0' .how., in this hou •• or building? (Check one) 

Yes, for the use of Ihi. household only __________________ . ______________________ 0 

Yes, but shared wilh another hou.ehold _________________________________________ 0 

No bathtub or .hower lor the us. of this hous.hold _________________ ._. _______ 0 

H12. Is the hou •• , part ollhe hou •• , Of apartment in which yO" live! (Check ono) 

Owned or being bo"ghl by yo" or .om"o." "I ... in you, hou •• hold? _. __ 0 --"""li>'10- Ans",., que,tion H1S and "II c. ~:-

Rentod lor co,h?nmn_n ___ mnmnm ___ --um-mnmm-mwm----_mm 0 ~ Answ., qu .. slion H16 ond fill 

Occupi.d withoul poy",,,nl 91 cash r.nt?_mnn ___ n _____ m ___ mm ___ mm 0 }> Skip to Seelion E 

H1S. About how much do yO" think lhi. l'I'opllfly would ."n I." On Hi6. If you pay your rent by th .. monlh-

'oday', marl".t? (Chock one) 

Undor $5,000 ___________ 0 $15,000 to $17,400 ______ 0 

$5,000 to $7,400 ____ . __ 0 $17,S,00 10 $19,900 ____ . 0 

$7,500 to $9,90o ______ 0 $20,000 10 $24,900 ______ 0 

$10,000 to $12,400 ____ 0 $25,000 10 $34,000 ______ 0 

$12,500 to $14,900 ____ 0 $35,000 0' mor .. ~ _________ 0 

80 

OR 

Whol i. you. ",onlhly ,enl1 $ ____________ .00 

(Nearest dollar) 

If you pay you. ronl by th. w .... k o. some other poriod . timeWho' i. you' " ... , and wh", period do" ii cover? 

$_ _ _ _ _ _ _ .• 00 P<lf __ .. _ _ " -.- (Nearest dollar) (Week, year, etc.) 
HOUSING INQUIRIES-Continued 

H 17 and H 18. Is Ihi. hou •• : 

On G city lot Cor I, thle an ape!rt~ 

mont building,? 

00 

n 

On G'pICll¢G of 

1.&11 thun 10011:1;'$01_ __ O ..... l.allf v.er (1 '59), did .alea 

of crop., livestock. emil! 

other farm produm from 

thkl placo amo..mf to 5250 

f1W move? 

5250 or morli ____ .0 

On a pl •• of 

1 0 O~ mora IKres? _ __ . O ..... Lallt yeoI' (19591, dW saIM of CfOp'. IIv ••• ode, and 

oth$r farm P"NUda ft'om ",is pkate amolllint to SSO or 

more? 

H 19, How many bedrooms are in your house or apartment? 

Count rooms whose moin Uif' is m bodrooMs even if they are 

occasionally u$!Ild for other purposes. 

If you live in 0 one·foom apartment without a separate bed· 

room, check "No bedroom," 

Nobedroam. ___ .0 

1 bedrooM. _ _ _ .D 

2 bedrooms. ___ 0 

3 bedroom,. ___ 0 

4 bedrooms or more _ _ 0 

H20. Aboul whon was Ihi. hou .. originally buil,? 

In 1959., 1960. .0 

1955 to 1958. .0 

1950101954. 0 

1940 10 1949. 0 

1930101939. .. ... 0 1929 or earlier. 0 

H21. How is your house or apartment heated? 

Check ONt Y the kind of heat you use the mod. 

Heated by: 

Steam or hot woter .0 Worm 01' furnace with individual room registers. 0 Floor, wall, or pipeles~ furnoce_ 

built-in electric units_ 

o .. 0 Room heoter(s) connected to chimney or flve .. __ .0 Room heater(s) n@t connected to chimney or flue - .0 

Other method-Write in; 

Not hoated o 1'122. Here is 0 list of fuels, In the first column, check which one 

is uled mOll' for heating. In the socO,ftd column, check the 

on. u$Od most for cooking. In the third column, check the 

fuel uUfd mOlt for heatinG! wat.r. 

(Check one in each column) 

'Ill • C 

Hou.. Cooldnl Wct4W Ust o' fuels ttoGfing tv.1 hoetf"G fuel fu01 

Cool Of coke ............... O ..... O .... 0 Wood. .. ........... 0 ..... 0 ...... 0 

Utility gas from underground 

pipes serving the n.ighbor~ 

hood ..................... O ..... O ...... O Bottled, tonk, or LP gOt __ ••• _ 0 ____ . D ____ . _ 0 

Electdcily ................. 0 ..... 0 ...... 0 Fuel oil, kerosene, etc. ____ . _.0 .. ___ 0 .. __ --0 Olher/uel ................ 0 ..... 0 ...... 0 N. fuel u,.d ............... O .... 0 ...... 0 

81 

:1 H23. Do you ho ... clothe • ., .. hlng _hi .. ? 

I 00 not coun' mach in •• shared with any other t.ouJehold,in 

i thi' building. 

, Machine with wringer or ,eparate .pinner ____ 0 Automatic or ,emi·outomatic machine _ ... _ . _ 0 

Wash.r-dryer combination (Iing'e unit) ___ • _. 0 No woshing Mochine ____ . ____ . __ • _ " _ . _ .. 0 "24. Do you ho •• on 01."'1< or gm <iothe. d"l"'? 

Do n@t count dry.rs IhaTed with any othor household in 

this building. 

Electrically h00ted dryer _____ 0 GO$ heat@d dryer. __ . __ . _ . _ 0 No dryer. _ . ____ . ____ ... _ 0 H2S. O. yo. hove ony '.' •• 1·-:.1.-.-. ""'.""1 -.---------1 Count only .ets in working order. Count floor, ,ablet, and 

portable television lOts os well 0$ combinations. 

1 '.1..... .. .. 0 2 sets or more _________ .. 0 

No television Ults _ • __ .... _ . 0 

-H:l6. D. yo. ho •• ony ,odl •• ? 

Count only fieh in working order. Count floor, table, and 

portoble radial (n well as radio combinations. Do not 

count automobile rodios. 

1 radio __ 

2 rodios Of more,,' 

No radios. 

o 

o .... 0 "27. Do 'Iou have any'oir conditioning? 

Count only equipment which cooh the oir by refrigeration. 

Room unit - 1 only _ . 0 

Room vnits-2 Of more_ .0 

Centro I air conditioning system. 0 

No ou condItioning , 0 H28. Do you have a home food freeler which is separate from your 

refrigerator? ' 

VeL 

No. , 

o 

o H30. How mony bathrooms are in your house Of apalimef1l? 

A comple.o bathroom I'l(u both nush todet ond bot"i/'9 

focdltips (both tub or shower) 

A portio I bathroom hos a fhHh todel or bathing facilities, 

bul not both, 

No bathroom, or only 0 partial bathroom 0 1 complete bothroom 0 1 complete bathroom, plu, portlol bathroom(s) 0 2 or more complete bathrooms .. 0 

"31, Do you get water from: 

a public 'V''''m lor private col'ftponv,'1 ' 0 an Indlvlducl woll? . 0 Mom. other .0000co1' 0 

"32, 1$ this house connected to a public sewer? 

Yes, connected to 0 public sewer. 0 No, hos septic tank or ceupool. 0 No, has other means of sewtlge disposal. 0 

"33. Is this hou •• built: 

with g busme"t? 

on a concrets .Iab? 

In one""r way? 

H34. Does this building hove: 

3 5torlos or Isu1' 

.$ IItorl., or mor._ 

o 

o 

.0 

o 

with .1."gt09"l 0 walk-up? o H35. Is there a telephone on which people who live here can be called? 

Yes .. D~ Wf$lt I. tho tol6phone number? 

No. o 

1900 
1900 

HOUSING INQUIRIES-Continued 

i------------·~~~------~~~~-~--__ H36. How many passenger automobiles Ofe owned Of f;g~lofIV used 

by people who live here? 

Count company cors kept at home 

No automobile. 

1 automobile 

2 automobiles 

3 automobiles or more. 

-ri37. If you live in 0 Iroiler, is it: 

o 

o 

o 

o 

mobile (on wheels, .or con easily be 0 

put on wheels)? __ 

@n 0 pOi"iy'lonent foundation? 0 

ANSWER H40 IF YOU OWN OR ARE BUYING THIS HOME 

H40. About how much do you think this property would sell for on 

today's market? 

le" than $5,000 0 

$5,000 to $7,400 .. 0 

$7,500 to $9,900 0 

$10,000 to $12,400 0 Do not answer 

$12,500 to $14,900 0 jf your home 

15 on (J place 

0 of 10 or more 

$15,000 to $1/,400 acres 

$17,500 to $19,900 0 

$20,000 to $24,400 0 

$25,000 to $34,900 0 

$35,000 or more 0 

ANSWER ()UESTIONS H41 TO H461F YOU PAY RENT FOR 

YOUR HOUSE, APARTMENT. OR FLAT 

H41. If you pay yOllr ren' by the monthWhal is your monthly renl? $ ,00 

(Neonut dollar) 

OR 

If you pay your rent by the weeh or some other period of timeWhat is your rent and whal period does it (over? 

$ .. ... .00 ""r 

(Neor'est dollar) (Week, year, etc.) 

H42. Does your ren! include any land used for farming (or ranching)? 

Yes..O No .. O 

H43 and H44. In addition to rent, do you also pay for: 

Electricily? (Check .one box) 

Yes D~What II tht!l ~\1 .• !'Q.9§t ~9"!!~1Y i:O§t for eledridty1 $ .00 

NoD (See instructions below) 

Gas? (Check one box) 

Ye, O ....... Who. I. the !I!"9n!1l!l.~ cost for go.? $. ,00 

NoD 

Waler? (Check one box) 

Yes 0 ........ Whot I. tM_q!'Qt~_.m(,nthJy COlSt for wat.,? 

NoD 

(See instructions below) 

.00 

(See instructions below) 

82 

H4S and 1146, In addition 10 ronl, da you also pay lor oil, (001, 

kerosene, or wood? 

Yes D ~1J>o>,M" ... t how Much do Vou poy 

such fuol ~~? 

1'100 

HOW 10 FIGURE COST OF 

.00 

(Soe instruCtions below) 

AND FUEL 

tnter the cost to the neares'~ dollar 

Utlll.I ... 

If you don'l know "."clly how much you hove .pent and il 

you don't hove records, put down the approximate cosh. 

Fuels 

I! you don't know how much fuel, co.t per year, one of the 

following method. moy help you fogu,,, the approximate co.t" 

Cool 

Oil 

or 

kerosene 

Wood 

Multiply numbe, of ton. used pe' 

year by the co.t per ton. 

Multiply number of golion. u.ed 

per yeo, by the eost per gallon; 

OR multiply number of deliverie. 

by overage em,t per delivery. 

Multiply numb"r of cord. (or 

load.) u,ed per yeor by cost per 

cord (or load). 

Non: If you 

buy fuel in small 

quontitie, (such 

o. kero.ene by 

the con or cool 

by the bog), it 

may be easier to 

figure about how 

much you 'pend 

for fuel per week, 

and multiply by 

Ihe number of 

weeks during 

which it is used. 

The enumerator also completed the three items below. The 

categories for owner"occupied property in H39 were1 unit, no business 

1 unit, with business 

2 or more units 

E.D. 

hlo. I

Poge No. from 

PH-lor PH-2 

1129. Numb.r of units in .Iructure 

1, detached. . 0 

1, attached ... 0 

2 ........ 0 

3-4 .. 

5-9. 

10-19 

20-49 .. 

.0 

.~ } 

50 or more·. 0 

115 or moreFill item. H20, 

H21, H22A, and 

H22C in Questionnaire 

1130. ~"""'Y_"'" III ~ u ~ vetunt? Up to 1 month __ 0 

1139. II PH-lIIl1Scr, prop, (lor ow ... , M(,) 

nb 

wb. 

2 

1 ""to L .... 0 

2"1' t. 4 •.••• 0 

4"" t. '- .... 0 

6 or fnOftL ___ 0 
POPULATION INQUIRIES 

The 1970 census was taken principally by means of a 

separate questionnaire (a 9, W'xlO 7/8" booldet) for each 

household, completed by the respondent. 

Population inquiries 2-8 were asked for all persons. The 

remaining questions were asked on a sample basis: some at 

every fifth household (15 percent), others at every twentieth 

household (5 percent), and some at both (20 percent). Only 

data items collected for tabulation are shown here. For 

identification items, screening questions, and format, see 

bibliography item 5. 

Except for questions on Spanish origin or descent, citizenship, year of immigration, vocational training completed, 

presence and duration of disability, and activity 5 years ago, 

the 1970 population items were comparable to those in 1960. 

-All answers were designed for self-identification on the part . 

2. HOW IS EACH PERSON RELATED TO THE 

HEAD OF THIS HOUSEHOLD? 

Pill one (;,-tle. 

II "Other relalive 0/ head," abo give exact rela/iomh;p, for example, 

mOlhu-;n-Iaw, brother, nita, grandJon, (u. 

1970 

of the respondent, but the enumerator was allowed to flU in 

blanks by observation when this was possible. For item 4 

(color or race), it was assumed that the respondent's relatives 

living in the unit were also of the same race unless the census 

taker learned otherwise. The enumerator's manual included a 

long list of possible written-in entries and how they were to be 

classified: For example, "Chicano," "LaRaza," "Mexican 

American," "Moslem," or "Brown" were to be changed to 

White, while "Brown (Negro)" would be considered as Negro 

or Black for census purposes. 

Although not specified on the questionnaire, the enumerator was instructed to limit question 25 (children ever 

born) to mothers who were or had been married unless a son 

or daughter had been listed. 

3. $EX 4. COLOR OR RACE 

I . Fill ont cirde. 

If "Other not relaJed to head," alIo give exa(t reJatiomhip, for example, Pill one It "Indian (American j," aiio gltle lobe 

cir,le partner, maid, etc. 

o Head of household c\ Roomer, boarder, lodger 

U Wife of head () Patient or inmate 

Son or daughter of head . Other not related to head- Print exact 

rela/iomhip Other relative r-------

of head- Print exact : I ,. 

II ,tla/iomhip ....p-

--- -. - - - - ---: I 

DATE Of BIRTH 8. WHAT IS 

5. Month and 6. Month 7. V .. , of bit1h EACH 

yoar of birth 01 PERSON'S 

and age last birth MARITAL birthday STATUS? , 

Fill one {irde , Fill one (irde Fill one I Filion, Print tor fim , fo,/'m cirde I (If'de three numbers I nllmber I 

0 Jan.·Mar. 0186· : G 192· I , Now married , () 0 , 0 5 

Month ____ U 187· I 

, (: I , 6 Widowed o Apr.-June \..: 193· I , 0 

0188· : 0194· : 0 2 , 0 7 r') Divorced , 

Year 0 July·Sept 0189· , I~. 195. : 03 J 8 Separated -- - -- , 

C 190· , (J 196.: ~, 4 0 9 Never () Oct.·Dec. , 

!Age 0191· , Ci 197.: II married ~------ IIIIlI , 

15. What country was his mother born in? 

() United States 

OR 

- -( 11/;';,-o71o~eii~ ~o-u},t-"y~' oa>;i"rJO RtCO, G~a"';I, tic, J-

!li . For perJons barn in a foreign country-- •. I.Ihio ___ 

() Yes, naturalized • 

() No, alien 

() Born abroad of American parents 

b. WII ... did "" ........ '" the Uniled Slot ... '" stay? 

0 1965 to 70 I 

, () 1950 to 54 , 0 1925 to 34 

() 1960 to 64 I () 1945 to 49 I , , () 1915 to 24 

.() 1955 to 59 , 0 1935 to 44 , , 0 Before 1915 , 

17. What language, other than English, was spoken in this 

person's -home when he was a child? Fill one circle. 

() Spanish II () Other-

() French Speci" ________ . __ .. -- -- () German 0 None, English only 

18. When did this pe,son m""" into this house (or aparlmenl)? 

Fill circle for dale of I!!il move, 

() 1969 or 70 I () 19650'66 I 0 1949 or earlier I , () 1968 I () 1960 to 64 , 

, () Always lived in 

() 1967 II 0 1950 to 59 , this house or I apartment 

83 

I! "Other," also give race. 

Male White Japanese Hawaiian 

, Chinese Korean 

'< Negro Filipino Other- P,int or Black Female 'I' I 

') , Indian (Amer.) : 

• Print tribe-l/O- J 

13a. ~ 'MIlS this penon bcfn? If born in hOJplla/, give Stale or 

COllntry where mother lived, If born oUlfide U.s., see imtruCllon 

sheet; dminguiJh Northern Ireland from Ireland (Eire). 

o This State 

OR 

(Na;j~ ;;(Slatf! ~;f~;;Tg;;-:O;mry:o-; P;e~~iii;;;'~ 

b. Is this pevSOrt'S Migln f.W' d&scetrt- (Fdl Olle circle) 

o Mexican 0 Central or South American 

o Puerto Rican 0 Other Spanish 

() Cuban () No. none olthe ... 

14. What country was his father born in? 

o United States 

OR 

190. !lid "" Ii •• in this hou ... on Aprill,I965? If i. college 0' 

Armed Forces in April 1965, reporl place of residence there, 

o Born April 1965 or later (SR' 

o Yes, this house. . . . . .. I '1"020 

,. 0 No, different house 

b. Whore did he Ii •• on April I. 1965? 

(I) State. foreign country. 

U.S. possession, etc, _______________________ _ 

(2) County _________ . _____________________ _ 

(3) InsIde the limits of a city. town. village. etc.? 

Yes No 

(4) If "Yes," name of CIty, 

town, village, etc. _. _ .. _ .. ~. ___ ._ 

20. Since February 1,1970, has this person attended regular 

schcot or college at any time? Count nurury Jchool, 

kindergarten, and schooling which leads 10 an elementary 

school cerJificale, high Jchool diploma, or college degree. 

_oNeil II- o Yes, public 

o Yes, parochial 

o Yes, other private 
1970 

POPULATION INQUIRIES-Continued 

21. WIiat is "'" h~ ~ (Ilf)'<llll') 01 r~ ~ 

"" "'" ever ot1~ FiJI one circle. If now alJending, mark grade he is in. 

Never attended 5chool- Skip 10 23 

Nursery school 

Kindergarten 

Elementary through high school (grade or year) 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1112 , () 0 (> .J 

College (academic year) 

1 2 3 4 5 6 or more 

; (, 

22. DIll "" finish llio II~ lVade (01' ~) "" ot1~ 

Now attending this grade (or year) 

Finished this grade (or year) 

(' Did not finish this grade (or year) 

----_.-

23. WIwm .... this persoo born? 

(, Born before April 1956- Pita" go on with 

qlltJtionl 24 through 41. 

(. Born April 1956 or later- Pltau omit questiom 24 through 

41 and go to the next !,age 

e to,. the next person. II 

24. If fhiJ penon har et'er been married--

.. H •• this persoo been married mowe '''''n one.? 

Once More than once 

-y t 

b. WIwm dill "" When did "" lei married 

lei married? for the first liine? 

-MO~'''; - -- Y~ar - - -MO~'''; - ~- -- -- Year 

e. If mal"fled mOl'e than 011((- DIll t"" firs! m .... riatlle end 

lleeause of ''''' death of Ihe husband (or .me)? 

. Ves No III 25. 1/ fhi! i.1 a girl or a U'omaflHow many babies he. she ..,." 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 '!! 

lied, net counii"tl!stillbirihs? () (, f, C " ,) C' 

Do not count her Jtepchildren 

or children she has adopled. 9101112 or None more .:' (1 ') . 

i 26. If th" i, a man-

•• Has he ever served in the Army, Navy, or other III Armed Forc •• of Ihe United Stat •• ? 

r (; Ves 

() No 

b. Was it during- (Fill the ClYele for each period of service.) 

Vietnam Conflict (ShIC' Aug. 1964) ... ... ..... () 

III Korean War (June J ()50 10 Ian. 1955) . .. ....... () 

World War II (5'pl.1940to/ul,1947) .... .... n 

World War I (April JfJJ7toNotJ./918). .... .. (, 

Any other time .. ........... ... . .... () 

278. Has Ihis person «MIl' completed a _atioN" Il'IIIini"tl! PfCIVam? 

FOf example, m hiF,h 5chool; a5 apprentice; in school 

of bUJine5J, nUrJing, Of IradeJ; technical institute; 

01 Armed Force! 5choo!J. 

r (' Ves (') No-- Sklf' to 28 

III 

b. WIiat WIllS his main fisk! 01 voeationallrainintll? Frll one circle. 

0 Business, office work III 0 Nursing, other health fields 

U Trades and crafts (muiJall;L ele(f1!ciall. beaulieian. etL) 

() Engineering or science technician; draftsman 

" Agriculture or home economics 

,. Other field- Sp"'!, 7 

--------- ---- -- -----------

84 

2&. Ooe. llii. person have a h •• lth or physical condition which 

limits the kind or amount of work he can do at a job? 

1165 yearJ old or over, skip 10 queJlion 29. 

Ves 

No 

b. Does his health or physical condilion keep him from 

holding ~ job al all? 

Ves 

No 

C. If "Yes" in a or b- How long has h. been limiled 

in his ability to work? 

Less than 6 months 

6 to II months 

1 to 2 years 

3 to 4 years 

c' 5 to 9 years 

10 years or more 

QUESTIONS 29 THROUGH 41 ARE FOR ALL PERSONS 

BORN BEFORE APRIL 195(, INCLUDING HOUSEWIVES. 

STUDENTS. OR DISABLED PERSONS AS WELL AS 

PART-TIME OR FULL·TlME WORKERS 

Yes- FillthiJ cirele if IhiJ 

person did full- or 

part-time work. 

(Counl parI-lime work JUeh 

aJ a Saturday ,ob. delit'ning 

papers, or helping u·ithout 

pay in a tamil.'I hu(ineH 

or farm: and aetit'e duty 

in the Armed ForctJ) 

'J No- Fill thh cirde 

if thiJ pmon 

did nol work, 

or did only 

Skip to 30 

own hourework, 

school work, or 

volunteer work. 

b. H.,.., many hours did he work I •• t .. """ (at all Jo~)? 

Subtract any time off and add otJeYtime or exIra hOlln u'orked 

I to 14 hours 40 hours 

15 to 29 hours 41 to 48 hours 

, 30 to 34 hours 

35 to 39 hours 

c. Wher. ~id h. work I •• t week? 

C 49 to 59 hours 

o 60 hours or more 

If he worked in more than one place, prim 

where he worked mosl laJI week. 

It he travels about in hi! U'ork or if the place dOe! not 

have a numbered addreJJ, ue imlrucllon sheet, 

(1) Address (Number and slrttl name) ___ _ 

(2) Name of city. 

town, village, etc. __ _ 

(3) Inside the limits of this city. town. village. etc.? 

o Yes 

() No 

(4) County ______ _ 

(6) ZIP 

__ ~t~e ________________ ~c~oo~e~--~-~-=-=-~-=-~-~-~~~ 

d. How did he gel to work lasl week? Fill one mcle for chICf 

mean, uud on the last day h,' t/.·orked aJ the addreJ r gn'en In 29(. 

Driver, private auto Taxicab 

Passenger, private auto : Walked only 

Bus or streetcar 

Subway or elevated 

Radroad 

III 

Worked at home 

Other means-SpeCl/'r-, 

Afler (owpletlllg qUfftW/I 29d Iklf' to flues/JOn, 3 

30. Does this person have a job or business from which he was 

temporarily absent or on layoff last week? 

Yes. on layoff 

Yes, on vacatIon. temporary illness. labor dispute, etc 

No 

---------------------------------------~ 

31a. Has he been looking for work during the past 4 weeks? 

Ves No- Sk,p 10 32 

----------------------1 

b. Was there any reason why he could not take a job last week? 

Yes. already has a Job 

Yes, because of thIS person's temporary Iliness 

Yes. for other reasons (In school, etc) 

No. could have taken a job 
POPULATION INQUIRIES-Continued 

32. When did he lasl work at all, even for a few days? 

In 1970 : 1964 to 1967: 1959 or earlier I Skip 

In 1969 : 1960 to 1963 : ,; Never worked \ 10 36 

In 1968 III III 

33. Indulliry 

a. For IVhom did 1M work? If now on acllve dilly in the Armed 

ForeeJ, prmt "AF" and Jkip to queJtion 36. 

(Na~-;' ~rt'~;pa;;i b;;si;/eJJ, o'gan;zailo~P1~ or OJ-her ;;;';;'0;;') - - - _. _. 

b. What kind 01 business or indulliry was lIIil'l1 

DeJer/be Mlivity at location where employed. 

(Fo; ;xampie~ 7~nior high-Jeh-;;o( felaTt jUp;;;;'~'kel,-d~;;iF~vm, 

TV and radio JerVICe, auto aJJembly plant, road com/ruction) 

C. 13 Ihill rnailll)'-- (fill olle mele) 

o Manufacturing 0 Retail trade 

o Wholesale trade 0 Other (agriculture, conl/ruc/ion, 

Jefvice, government, elc.) 

34. Oeeupation 

a. What kind 01 -'t .,. 1M ~ 

"( F~; ;x~;;;p'e:-TV l-;'pa7f;;1-;;11~ Je-uJ,;g ",;;a-:hT"e ope~aJo;·, -;p;;':y p;;l1le-;', 

cil'11 engineer, /ar1l/ orel"atM. farm haud, JUnior high Englisb teather L 

b. What_e hill ~ impoi'Um ~ ()!' oMifi? 

(For examji;:-fyp;i,- k~e;Pf ~:C;u-;'I-b--;;;k-;, -fi7e7, ~;II~ ~a;J~ - - - ---

operateJ prl"tmg preH, c/el.fltJ bllllamgJ, [wisheJ concrete) 

35. Was lhis pi!nOO-- (Fill one circ/e) 

Emeloxe~ of private company, business, or 

individual, for wages, salary, or commissions... 0 

Federal government employee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 0 

State sovernmen! employee. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 0 

Local &overnm~j employee (C;ly, CO/IIII" etc.). G 

Self.emplo~ed in own business. 

professional practice, or farmOwn business not incorporated 

Own business incorporated, . 

Working without pay in family business or farm 0 

36. In 1Ipri11965, what Slate did this pei'oon liw in? 

This State 

OR 

(Na-;'I-; DrS-rale 0; 10;e~g--;' c;u~/ry~ 0;- Pu~.to- RI:o~ etc~f ~ - --

'·l::-:7-:-."""'-n-IIpri-.... ' 1965, ~$IIII$ pi!nOO-- (Filllhree circieJ)-

a. ~lBIajobMbu!llmu(full or part·time)? 

o Yes C No 

(1 Yes o No 

o Yes o No 

38. If "Yes" for "Working at a ;ob or bUJineu" in queJtion 37-

~ IIIls pei'lIOII'S chilli ac:IMty Of ~ In ApfIIl!165. 

~. WIIIri kind of bu!llmu Of' IndlllIiry WllIa 1Il1&? 

--------------------------------------- I:!. '111M! kind, of -'t ns I!@ daillll <ocwpatloo)? 

--------------------------------------- C. WIllIIOOAn employee of a private company or government agency ... 0 

Self·employed or an unpaid family worker ................ 0 

" 

3911. llIlrt yMr (1969), did Ihill pei'iI@fI -'t lit a~. _ /{If' a _ .' 

.:...-- 0 Yes 0 No- Skip In 41 

b. Itow IMny -":1 did I!@ -'t in 1!169. ~ luiI-tilM «W ~-IIiM 1 

Count paid vacation, paid sick leave, and military urvice. 

0 13 weeks or less 0 40 to 47 weeks 

0 14 to 26 weeks I 0 48 to 49 weeks 

0 27 to 39 weeks I 

I 0 50 to 52 weeks 

<10. Earni,.. in 1!16~ Fill parIS a, b. and ( for everyone who 

worked any time in 1969 even if he had no income. 

(If ex." .mou.' iJ nol known. give beJl eJtima",) 

m. Itow much did this pei'lIOII film in 1969 I in WIII-, ulilry. oommiuklna,lwnIi-. $ .00 1M tips from all joI!G? --.~-------

(Before aeduction) for laxeJ, bondS, (Doll." only) 

JiltS, or olher items.} OR 0 None 

II. Itow IIItIdl did 1M OlIIrtI In 1969 from Ills 

own IIOOflll'ffl bulliMSII, IlNfNSicMI $ .00 JIfIIc:'iic&, 01' pill~lp? - --- -- _._--

(Nel afltr busint'JJ expenses. If bNsineSJ II (Dol/a" nlll y ) 

10JI money. writt "LnJ/' above amount.} OR 0 None 

c. Itow IIItIdl did I!@ IDIlrn in 1!16!1 from 

his own farm? 

(Nel afler operaling expemn, I,tclude earningJ $ .00 ------_._-- aJ a tenanl farmer or Iharecroppe,·. If !arlll lOJt ( Doll." only) 

money, u'rlle "LOJJ" tlbove' (11I101l1ll.) OR 0 None 

41. I_@ other lIIan CIIminp in 196~ Fill /,al'" a, b, ."d c. 

(If exact a1llount iJ 1101 kIlOU'II, ~~l.' b(!JI tJltnlateJ 

I. HO\III mudlllid this pei'lIOII focme in i $ 19611 from !loclal Security or .00 

RllilrolIIi RO!ItI~? -(Don;J-o~,ry) -

OR 0 None 

\ b. Itow IIItIdl did he receive in 1!1611 fnIm 

1I'IIbIk: allllimllC@ 01' ,""/Ifill JIIII~? ! $ 

Include aia for dependent children, old 

age arJl.ftal1ce. general aHiJiance, aid 

) (o-;'iia",,-o-"'y,/O 10 the bllJld 01" lo/ally dlJableJ. 

Exclude Jepalale payment! !01' III 

hOipilal or othel medical Care, 

c. Itow IIItIdl did M fll<lIiw I" 19611 from 

mllother~? 

Jl1c1ude inlereJt, dIvidends, fitter-am' payments, 

pemionJ, and other regular paymenJI. 

(See IffSiruaion Jheey 

Americans Abroad 

7. lilli/HAT COUNTRY IS TillS PEMOII !lOW LiVING! Name of 

country: 

11.0. WHIEN DID TillS PEIISON lAST LEIWE Till!. 

OR 0 None 

$ 

---------~Q( (Dollars only) 

OR 0 None 

1970 

UIiITED STATUI 

Exclude vacations, home leave, or tG1flporary 

visits in the United States. 

Left the U.S. in year ________ "_ _____ _ 

011 Left belor. 1945 ... 0 

Oft Never lived in u.s .. 0 

If thIs person (lllist) 1elt the U.S. in 1970 -

b. IIOU HE EXPECT TO BE ABROAD AT LEAST 

31101ITHs? 

Fot children, Qive same State as patents. 

17. DOES THIS PERSON SPEAK ANY LOCAL LANGUAGE? 

If he knows onl}' a lew word." ot the IBnBuage. 

check "No." Do NOT COUrl[ EnRJ·sh, IJnl ...... ~ II 

IS the only k;cai lan$ua12e, 

85 

00 Expects to be abroad 3 months or more 

10 Expects to be abroad leu than 3 months 

"Homel' State: 

Spf'ak local language) 

00 Yes - What language? 

10 ~') 
uno 

HOUSING INQUIRIES 

The housing items were part of the household questionnaire. Except for the elimination of the inquiries on condition 

and land used for farming, and the addition of items on 

dishwashers and second homes, the 1970 housing items were 

much the same as those used in 1960. 

The 1970 definition of a housing unit specified "complete 

--------

~ Hc\o rMny livillli: quarters, occupied and valC<lnl, are 

lit this addr_? 

0 One 

0 2 apartments or living quarters 

0 3 apartments or living quarters 

0 4 apartments or living quarters 

0 5 apartments or living quarters 

0 6 apartments or living quarters 

0 7 apartments or living quarters 

0 8 apartments or living quarters 

0 9 apartments or living quarters 

0 10 or more apartments or living quarters 

, This is a mobile home or trailer 

@ II" 

~ Type of unit Of quarters 

Occupied 

0 First form 

a Continuation 

Vacant 

0 Regular 

0 Usual residence 

II elsewhllfc 

Groul! guarters 

0 First form 

0 Continuation 

Fo,,, V .... "'" Nni/, also fiJI 

C,D, A,H210H8,,,'" 

HIOIOHI] 

~ Vacancy status 

Year round--

0 For rent 

a For sale only 

a Rented or SOld, not 

occupied 

a Held for occasional use 

0 Other vacant 

0 Seasonal 

a Migratory 

II 

~ IIIIonths vllCllm 

0 less than 1 month 

a 1 up to 2 months 

0 2 up to 6 months 

a 6 up to 12 months 

0 1 year up to 2 years 

a 2 years or more 

kitchen facilities" rather than just cooking equipment as in 

1960. 

Questions A and HI through H12 were asked for all 

housing units, and HI3 through H30 on a sample basis only. 

At vacant units, the enumerator completed only those items 

below marked with a double underscore. 

MI. Is tiMwe a t~e on which PIlOple in your living 

quarters can be called? 

0 Yes- What is 

0 No tha number? - ~ -, ~ -~-- - -

Phone number 

m. 1)0 you enter your lilfillli: quarterIV--

0 Directly from the outside or through 

a common or public hall? 

a Through someone else's living quarters? 

~ 1)0 yoo have ~ kitchen facilities? 

Complcle kiuhen facitilies are a sink with piped 

walt" a range or (ook slove, and a refrigeralor. 

a Yes, lor this household only 

0 Yes, but also used by another household 

0 No complete kitchen facilities for this household 

.. -

Mol. Hc\o rMny rooms do you have in your living quarters? = Do not (OU1II bathrooms, porches, balconies, foyers, 

halls, or half-rooms. 

0 1 room .j 6 rooms 

(i 2 rooms • 0 7 rooms 

0 3 rooms C\ 8 rooms 

c· 4 rooms 0 9 rooms or more 

c, 5 rooms 

"Ii. Is there hot and cold piped water in this building? 

a Yes, hot and cold piped water in this building 

0 No, only cold piped water in this building 

0 No piped water in this building 

HIl. 1)0 yOu have a lIuBti toilet? 

0 Yes, for this household only 

0 Ves, but also used by another household 

() No flush toilet 

1-11 

10. 1)0 you have II bathtub Of 1111_1 

l' Yes, for tljis household only 

0 Ves, but also used by another household 

0 No bathtub or shower 

HI. Is 1IMr18 II basement in Ihis buildinft? 

0 Ves 

0 No, built on II concrete slab 

0 No, built in another way (inc/Nde mobile hom" 

,,'" "lIilers ) 

119. Are your livillli: quartcwIV--

86 

a Owned or being bought by you or by someone else 

in this household? Do nol ;nd"de cooperative! and 

(ondomi,,;um! here. 

a A cooperative or condominium which is owned or being 

bought by you or by someone else in this household? 

o Rented for cash rent? 

a Occupied without payment of cash rent? 
HOUSING INQUIRIES-Continued 

HUla. Is this building ill one·family house? 

o Yes, a one· family house 

o No, a building for 2 or more families 

or a mobile home or trailer 

~ If "Y cs"- Is this house on II place 01 10 IICffllll or more, 

or is any pan of this property used liS ill commercial 

establishment or mediCliI office? 

o Yes, 10 acres or more 

o Yes, commercial establishment or medical office 

o No, none of the above 

If you live in a one·family hOUIe which 

YOIl own or arc buyingWhat is the value of this property; that is, how much 

cIII you think this property (house and lot) would sell for 

if it were for II<Ile? 

0 Less than $5,000 It this hOlm 

0 $5,000 to $7,499 is on a place 

0 $7,500 to $9,999 of 10 acres or 

more, or if 

0 $10,000 to $12,499 any part of 

0 $12,500 to $14,999 this property 

0 $15,000 to $17,499 is used as a 

0 $17,500 to $19,999 commercial 

establishment 

0 $20,000 to $24,999 or medical 

0 $25,000 10 $34,999 office, do 

0 $35,000 to $49,999 nol answer 

0 $50,000 or more this question. 

Answer this question if you pay rent for your living quarlers. 

il. If rent is paid by the monthWhal is Ihe monthly rent? 

$ Wrileamounlhere _ ________ .00 (Nearest dollar) 

Fill one circle 

~. ~ 

o Less than $30 

o $30 to $39 

o $40 to $49 

() $50 to $59 

o $60 to $6-9 

o $7010 $79 

o $80 to $89 

o $90 to $99 

o $100 to $119 

o $120 to $149 

() $150to$199 

o $200 to $249 

o $250 to $299 

o $300 or more 

" 

b. If rent is nOI paid by the month--

What is Ihe rent, and whlll period of time cllles it COVIll'? 

.00 per 

--(&i .. reJt-,lollar) - - (Weif biif;'onth, year, -etc) 

1-113. Answer question H 13 if you pay rent for YOUy living quarte,s. 

In addition 10 the rent entered in H12, do you 011110 pay 10ril. Elflctrieity? 

o Yes, average ,!!onlhl)! cost is 

o No, \included in renl 

.00 

-Xw;r--:'ge -,,;,,;ihi} COS/-

o No, electricity not used 

II. Gas? 

() Yes, average monthly cost is --

o No, included in rent 

o No, gas not used 

c. Water? 

() Yes, ~ cost is ----

o No, included in rent or no charge 

d. Oil, cool, kerosene, wood, etc.? 

() Yes, yearly cost is -

o No, included in rent 

o No, these fuels no! used 

How are your living qUIli1Il1'S heated? 

Fill !2!!.!L circle tor the kind ot heal you JiSe moSI. 

() Steam or hOi water system 

() Central warm air furnace with ducts 10 the individual 

rooms, OF central heat pump 

.00 

o Built·in electric units (permanently imltllled in wall, ceiling, 

or baseboard) 

() Floor, wall, or pipeless furnace 

o Roo(11 heaters with flue or vent, burning gas, oil, or kerosene 

() Room heaters ~ flue or vent, burning gas, oil, or 

kerosene (not portable) 

() Fireplaces, stoves, OF portable room heaters of any kind 

In some otherway-DeJCfibe ______ 

o None, unit has no heating equipment 

1---------------------

1970 

About when was this building originally lIuilt? Mark when the building 

was firJI construcled, not when it was remodeled, added 10, or converted. 

o 1969 or 1970 () 1950101959 

o 1965 to 1968 o 1940 to 1949 

o 1960101964 o 1939 or earlier 

Which best describes this building? 

Include all aparlmenlS, flats, elc., even if vacanl. 

o A one·family house detached from any other house 

o A one·family house attached to one or more houses 

o A building for 2 families 

o A building for 3 or 4 families 

o A building for 5 to 9 families 

.. II o A building for 10 to 19 families I 

o 

o 

A 

A 

building 

building 

lor 

for 

20 

50 

to 

or 

49 

more 

families 

families 

." 

o A mobile home or trailer 

OtherDncrib. _____________________ _ 

1HZ: Is this building87 

o On a city or suburban lot?- Skip 10 H19 

() On II place of less than 10 acres? 

o On a place of 10 acres or more? 
1970 

HOUSING INQUIRIES-Continued 

~----

[' ... _ ...... d" ,"q.1 ' ..... _ •• "" ~"" I". "."""j H25a. Which Illel is 1I!1ed IOOsl lor cooItinl? 

from this place amount 1_ { From underground pipes 

U less than $50 (or None) () $2,500 to $4.999 Gas serving the neighborhood. 0 Cool Or coke 0 

o $50 to $249 0 $5,000 to $9.999 Bottled, tank, or lP ........ 0 Wood ...... 0 

o $250 10 $2.499 0 $10,000 or more Electricity· ....................... 0 Other fuel .. 0 

------,--"~-------

Fuel oil, kerosene. etc ............ 0 No fuel used 0 

- Do you 1<IIt Wlltll' from- b. Which fuel is u!led I1l()$I fill' hIlUM helitinlll? 

0 A public system (cily "'IAI" '.1'/",'1"""'. eIt.) ~ From underground pipes or private compeny? Gas serving the neighborhood . 0 Coal or coke () 

() An individual well? v Bottled, tank. or LP ......... 0 Wood ...... 0 

0 Some other source (~lfNi"" , ... It. ri • ." ,iJl'''', .I<.)? Electricity ........................ 0 Other fuel .. 0 

Fuel oil. kerosene, etc .............. 0 No fuel used 0 

!:W!, Is thislluildinll oonnllCllIId 10 a public_1 ------ ~ 

0 Yes. connected to public sewer c. Which fuel is usliid most for walll' healing? 

0 No. connected to septic tank or cesspool { From underground pipes 

0 No. use other means Gas serving the neighborhood. 0 Coal or coke 0 

Bottled. tank, or LP ......... 0 Wood ...... 0 -- Electricity ................... , .... 0 Other fuel .. 0 How Mlili)' bathroom!! do you hIIve? 

A completc bathroom is a room wilh f/MIh loilel, bathillb or IhOUlcr, Fuel oil, kerosene. etc ....... , ...... 0 No fuel used 0 

an;rw;;;nalin with piped waler. I ~ How many bllldrooms do you hllve? -

A ~ bathroom hal al least a {lIIIh toilet!!!:. hathtllb or shoUler, COllnt roomI IlIed mainly tor Ileeping even if wed "ho for other pllrpoIeJ. 

bill dotI !1.!!1 have all the fllCilitiei for a (Omplele bathroom. 0 No bedroom 0 3 bedrooms 

0 No bathroom. or only ill half bathroom 0 1 bedroom 0 4 bedrooms 

() 2 bedrooms 0 5 bedrooms or more 

0 1 complete bath room 

0 1 complete bathroom, plus half bathes) H21a. Do you have ill clothes washing maclline? 

() Yes, automatic or semi'automatic 

0 2 complete bathrooms U Yes. wringer or separate spinner 

0 2 complete bathrooms. plus half bathes) () No 

0 3 Or more complete bathrooms b. Do you have a clothes dryer? 

• 0 Yes. electrically healed 

0 Yes, gas heated 

li22. Do you have air.conditioning? n No 

0 Yes, 1 individual room unit • 

0 Yes, 2 or more individual room units c. Do you have a dishwamer (blli/I·in 0' portable j? 

0 Yes. a central air·conditioning system 0 Yes 0 No 

0 No -- d. Do you have a home food freezer which is separate from your refrilllll'atill'? 

H23. H_ many palMnge. automobiles are ownilid 01' regularly ulllild 0 Yes 0 No 

by membars of YOIIr household? H28a. Do you have a television HI? COllnt only Jell in working o,d.,. 

COII"I company ca,I kepi al home. 0 Yes. one set 

0 None 0 Yes, two or more sets 

0 1 automobile 0 No 

0 2 automobiles 

0 3 automobiles Qr more b. If "y CJ"~' Is any HI equippliid 10 receive UHf broadc:asb, 

• llial is, channels 14 to 83? 

0 Yes 0 No III ~ How many itOI'M (1IIIors) are in llils lluildlili? 

o 1 to 3 stories 10129. Do you have a blIttery·operatliid radio? 

~ 0 4 to 6 stories Co,,'" car ,adiOI, l'tlmiSlo'I, aM other bOl/cry·operated UII in working 

o 7 to 12 stories order or n.eding only tI n.w ballery for operalion. 

0 13 stories or more III 0 Yes, one or more 0 No 

~ It 4 0' more Ilo,ies- H30. Do you (or any member 01 your hIlUs.ehoId) own a !IecOOd !lome or otlMl' 

Is there a pasllmlef elevator in this build!ili? 'winl qll<li'ters wliidi you occupy !I4)fII<lltima during the YlNr? 

0 Yes ':0 No 0 Yes 0 No 

88 
POPULATION INQUIRIES 

A separate questionnaire (a 10 "x 11 " booklet), containing 

both population and housing items, was used for each 

household, and completed by a respondent. For 1980, a 

housing unit no longer had to have complete kitchen facilities; 

it was sufficient that the occupants (if any) lived and ate 

separately from all other persons in the building and also had 

direct access to their quarters. They constituted one household. A household with 9 or more persons unrelated to the 

owner or renter, or one with 10 or more unrelated people 

living together, was considered as noninstitutional group 

quarters (and the unit was excluded from the housing 

inventory). 

For 1980, sample questions were asked for every second 

household ( 50 percent) in places with less than 2,500 

inhabitants and at every sixth household (17 percent) elsewhere. A similar pattern was followed for persons in group 

quarters. 

Questions 2-7 were asked for everyone, while 8 through 

33 were applied on a sample basis. For format, see bibliography item 6. 

It was no longer required that a husband in a husband/wife 

household be designated as the head (item 2); the household 

1980 

member used as a reference person for the relationship item' 

could be the owner or renter, or anyone 16 years old or over. 

Enumerators were no longer allowed to enter race (item 4) 

by observation, but were instructed to ask and mark the race 

with which the person most closely identified. If a single 

. response. was not ,possible, as in, the case of a racial mixture, 

the mother's race was to be reported. If this was not 

satisfactory, the first racial group given was to be entered. In 

further contrast with 1970, "Brown," "Mexicano," etc., could 

be entered as "Other" (unless one of the listed categories was 

chosen). If a person was unable to select a single group in the 

Spanish-(Jrigiri question (7), and only part two was Spanish (as 

in "Irish-Cuban"), the "No, not Spanish/Hispanic" circle was 

to be filled. If more than one origin was reported in the 

ancestry question (13), all answers were accepted. 

A "health condition" in item 20 (disability) was defined as 

any physical or mental problem that had lasted or was 

expected to last for 6 months or more. (Pregnancy was 

excluded.) Item 21 (number of babies) was asked for all 

females 14 years and over, regardless of marital status. 

The enumerator used item A to indicate whether the listed 

person was an inmate (I) of an institutional type of group 

quarters or a resident of noninstitutional (N) group quarters~ 

These are the columns PERSON in column 1 PERSON in column 2 I 

Here are the lut nllme Last nama llf$t noroo 

QUESTIONS for ANSWERS 

Please fill one column for each First nama Middle initial First neme Middle initiol Fimnl'lmG 

'" person listed in Question 1. 

2. How is this person related to the person If relative of person in column 1: If relative of ' 

in column l? 0 Husband/wife I 0 Father/mother n Husl STA RT in this column with the household I 

0 Son/daughter I 0 Other relative r (J Son member (or one of the members) in whose I 

Fill one circle. 0 Brother/sister I 

I () Src nome the home is owned or rented. If there I ---- -_. __ . ------

If "Other relative" of person in column 1, Is no such person, start In this column with If not related to person in column 1: If not rela! 

give exact relationship, such as mother-in-law, any adult household member. 0 Roomer. boarder :0 Other non relative ) 0 R, 

niece, grandson, etc. () Partner. roommate: (J P 

0 Paid employee I () F I ---- ""---------

3. Sex Fill one circle. 0 Male II! 0 Female 0 Male II! 0 Female 0 r 

4. Is this person - 0 White 0 Asian Indian 0 White 0 Asian Indian 0 \ 

0 Black or Negro 0 Hawaiian 0 Black or Negro 0 Hawaiian 0 E Fill one circle. 0 Japanese 0 Guamanian 0 Japanese 0 Guamanian 0 J 

0 Chinese 0 Samoan 0 Chinese 0 Samoan 0 C 

() Filipino 0 Eskimo 0 Filipino 0 Eskimo 0 FI 

0 Korean 0 Aleut 0 Korean 0 Aleut 0 K, 

0 Vietnamese () Other - Specify t 0 Vietnamese 0 Other - Specify t 0 Vi, 

() Indian (AmeL) 0 Indian (Amer.) () Inc 

Print Print Pril tribe --t- ___________ . ___________ tribe ~ ________________ . ______ trib. 

89 
1980 

POPULATION INQUIRIES-Continued. 

5. Age, and month and year of birth a. Age al lasl c. Year of birth 

birthday t

1 I I 

a. Print age at last birthday. --:-.. -:--- -- 1.:80:00 III 0 

b. Print month and fill one circle. 

b. Month of :9 0 : 1 0 1 0 

c. Print year in the spaces, and fill one circle birth ~---2 0 2 0 

below each number. 3 0 3 0 

4 0 4 0 

5 0 5 0 

0 Jan.-Mar. 6 0 6 0 

0 Apr.-June 7 0 7 0 

0 July-Sept. 8 0 8 0 

0 Oct.-Dec. 9 o : 9 0 

6. Marital status 0 Now married 0 Separated· 

Fill one circle. 0 Widowed () Never married 

0 Divorced 

-- 7. Is this person of Spanish/Hispanic 0 No (not SpanishlHispanic) origin or descent? 0 Yes, Mexican, Mexican-Amer., Chicano 

0 Yes, Puerto Rican 

Fill one circle. III 0 Yes, Cuban 

0 Yes, other Spanish/Hispanic 

8. Since Februar)' 1, 1980, has this person 0 No, has not attended since February 1 

attended regular school or college at 0 Yes, public school, public college 

any time? Fill one cire/e. Count nursery school, 0 Yes. private, church-related 

kinder,qorten, elementary school, and schooling which () Yes, private, not church-related 

leads to a high school diploma or college degree. 

9. What is the highest grade (or year) of High~st grade attended: 

regular school this person has ever 0 Nursery school 0 Kindergarten attended? Elementary through high school (grade or year) 

Fill one circle. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 91011 12 

000000 0 0 000 0 

If now attending school, mark grade gollege (academic year) III 

person is in. If high school was finished 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 or more by equivalency test {GEDj, mark "12." 

00000000 

() Never attended school - Skip question J 0 

10. Did this person finish the highest 0 Now attending this grade (or year) grade (or year) attended? () Finished this grade (or year) 

Fill one circle, 0 Did not finish this grade (or year) 

CENSUS I A. 0 I I 

I 0 N I 00 USE ONLY I 

11. In what State or foreign country was this person born? 1 13a. Does this person speak a language other than 

Print the State where this person's mother was living English at home? 

when this person was born. Do hot give the location of J,- 0 Yes 0 No, only speaks English - Skip to 74 

the hospital unless the mother's home and the hospital T 

were in the same State. 

Name of State or foreign country; or Puerto RiCO, Guam, etc. 

12. If this person was born in a foreign country -

a. Is this person a naturalized citizen of the 

United States? 

o Yes, a naturalized citizen 

o No, not a citizen 

o Born abroad of American parents • 

b. When did this person come to the United States 

to stay? i 

n u 1975 to 1980 () 1965 to 1969 1 0 1950 to 1959 I 

1970 to 1974 () 1960 to 1964: 0 Before 1950 I 

b. What is this language? 

C. How well does this person speak English? 

o Very well 

() Well 

o Not well 

o Not at all • 

14. What is this person's ancestry? If uncertain about 

how to report ancestry, see instruction guide. 

{For example: Afro-Amer., English, French, German, Honduran,. 

Hungarian, Irish, Italian, jamaican, Korean, Lebanese, Mexican, I 

Nigerian, Polish, Ukrainian, Venezuelan, etc.} 

90 
POPULATION INQUIRIES-Continued 

15 •. Did this person live in this house five ye.rs ago 

(Aprill. 1975)? 

If in college or Armed Forces In April 1975, report place 

of residence there. 

() Born April 1975 or later - Turn to next page for 

C) Yes, this hOL!"''::' - Skip to 16 

No, different house 

next person 

b. Where did this person live five years ago 

(April!. 1975)? 

(1) State, foreign country, 

Puerto Rico, 

II Guam, etc. __________ . __________ . __ . 

(2) County: __________ .. _ .. ______________ _ 

-----------------

I 16. When was this person born? 

0 Born before April 1965 -

! Please go on wUh questions 17·33 l 

: III () 80m April 1965 or later -

Turn to next page for next person ,t-- .. - l 17. In April 1975 (five years ago) "'as this person -

a. On active duty in the Armed Forces? 

() Ves 0 No . _- b. Attending college? 

0 Yes 0 No 

-----------------------_ .. --

c. Working at a job or business? 

() Ves, full time 0 No 

0 Yes, part time 

-- 18a. Is this person a veteran of active-duty military 

service in the Armed Forces 01 the United States? (3) City, lown, 

village, etc.: , If service was in National Guard or Reserves only, 

(4) Inside the incorporated (legal) .Iimits 

01 that city, town, village, etc.? 

U Yes o No, in unincorporated area 

\ 

I 

see Instruction guide, 

0 Ves 0 No - Skip to 19 

----- b. Was active-duty military service during -

Fill a circle for each period in which this person served, 

0 May 1975 or later 

0 Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975) 

0 February 1955-July 1964 

0 Korean conflict (june 19S0-January 1955) 

0 World War II (September 1940-July 1947) 

II () World War I (April 19 I7-No vember 1918) 

0 Any other time 

19. Does this person have. physical, mental, or other 

health condition which has lasted for 6 or more 

months and which. 

a. Limits the kind or amount y.~ t:!Q 

of work this person can do at a job? , ' 0 0 

b. Prevents this person from working at a job? 0 0 

c. limits or prevents this person 

from using public transportation? . 0 U 

-- 20.lf this person is a female None 1 2 3 4 5 6 

How many babies has she ever 0 00 DOOO had, not counting stillbirths? 

Do not count her stepchildren 7 8 910 11120r more or children she has adopted. () OOOCJO 

21. If this person has ever been married -

a. Has this person been married more than once? 

0 Once 0 More than once 

t t---- b. Month and year Month and year 

of marriage? of first marriage? 

(Montii) ---(Year!" l"lo;,'h)----(Yeof) 

c.lf married more than once Did the first marriage 

end because of the death of the husband (or wife)? 

0 Yes 0 No 

91 

1980 

22 •. Did this person work at any time last week? 

0 Ves Fill this circle If this 0 No Fill this circle 

II person worked full if this person 

time or port time. did not work, 

(Count part-time work or did only own 

such as delivering papers, housework, 

or helping without pay In school work, 

a family bUSiness or form. or volunteer 

Also count active duty work . 

in the Armed Forces.} 

Skip to 25 

b. How many hours did this person work !!!.st we~k 

<at all jobs)? 

Subtract any time off; add overtime or extra hours worked, 

Hours III --~----.----.--

23. At what location did this person work lasl w&.'!l\? 

If this person worked ot more than one location, print 

where he or she worked most last week. 

If one location cannot be specified, see Instruction guide. 

a. Address (Number and street) ---.-~---- -~~~~ ----

7ls'treet addreSs Is-not k-';;;;;n: ;;;£;r the t;ullding-no;'ie,- ---" 

shopping center, or other physical Jocatio..n description. 

b. Name of cily, town, viliage, borough, etc. 

-------------~----- -----------------

c. Is the place of work inside the incorporated (legal) 

limits of that city, town, viliage, borough, etc.? 

0 Yes 0 No, in unincorporated area 

d. County ----- - - _.- --- -- -------------------

III 

e. State f. ZIP Code ----------- .. 

24 •. last week, how long did it usually take this person 

to get from home to work (one way)? 

Minutes -------_.-._--

- b. How did this person usually get to work last week? 

If this person used more than one method, give the one 

usually used for most of the distance. 

0 Car () Taxicab 

() Truck III () Motorcycle 

0 Van 0 Bicycle 

0 Bus or streetcar 0 Walked only 

0 Railroad () Worked at home 

0 Subway or elevated 0 Other Specify ----, 

If cor, truck, or V(Jn in 24b, go to 24c. 

Otherwise, skip to 28. -----------------
1980 

POPULATION INQUIRIES-Continued 

c. When going to work last week, did this 

Drive alone ~kip to 28 () 

Share driving Ride as passenger only 

d. How many people, including this person, usually rode 

to work in the car, truck, or van last week? 

2 

3 

A fter answering 24d, skip to 28. 

() 

() 7 or more III 

25. Was this person temporarily absent or on layoff from a job 

or business last week? 

Ves, on layoff 

Yes, on vacation, temporary illness, labor dispute, etc. 

No 

260. Has this person been looking for work during the last 4 weeks? 

() Ves 0 No - Skip to 27 

b. Could this person have taken a job last week? 

o No, already has a job III o No, temporarily ill 

() No, other reasons (In school, etc,) 

(J Yes, could have taken a job 

27. When did this person last work, even for a few days? 

o 1980 

D 1979 

D 1978 

() 1975 to 1977 

o 1970 to 1974 } Sk' 

o 1969 or earl ier ;r;;o o Never worked 

28 - 30. Current or most recent job activity 

Describe clearly this person's chief job activity or business lost week. 

If this person hod more than one job, describe the one at which 

this person worked the most hours. 

If this person had no job or business lost week, give information far 

lost job or bUsiness since 1975, 

28. Industry 

a. For whom did this person work? If now on active duty in the 

Armed Forces, print "AF" and skip to question 31, 

b. What kind of business or industry was this? 

Describe the activity at location where employed. 

(For example: Hos;;jiOT, newspop-er publisiii,ii' mall order house, II auto engine manufacturing, breakfast cereal manufacturIng) 

c. Is this mainly - (Fill one Circle) 

o Manufacturing 0 

o Wholesale trade 

29. Occupation 

a. What kind of work was this person doing? 

(For example: -iiigisiefecFnurse,-pefsonnel moniiiir~- supervTso;.-of order de rtment, asollne engine assembler, grinder operator) 

b. What were this person's mosl imporlant aclivities or duties? 

Employee of private company, business, or 

individual, for wages, salary, or commissions. 0 

Federal government employee. 0 

State government employee. 0 

Local government employee (city, county, etc.). . 0 

Self·employed in own business, 

professional practice, or farm 

Own business not incorporated. 0 

Own business incorporated. 0 

Working without pay in family business or farm. 0 

92 

31a. last year (1979), did this person work, even for lew 

days, at a paid job or in a business or larm? 

0 Ves 0 No -- Skip to 31d 

b. How many w~.k. did this person work in 1979? 

Count paid vacation, paid sick leave, and military service, 

Weeks ~~-"--~-----

._---_._ .. _--_._-- c. During the weeks worked in 1979, how many hours did 

this person usually work each week? 

Hours ---------- --_._---_. 

d. Of the weeks not worked in 1979 (il any), how many weeks 

was this person looking lor work or on layoff Irorn a job? 

Weeks _ ... _--- "----

32. Income in 1979 -

Fill circles and print dollar amounts. 

If net Income was a loss, write "Loss" above the dollor amount. 

If exact amount is not known, give best estimate. For Income 

received jointly by household members, see instruction guide. 

During 1979 did this person receive any income from the 

following sources? 

If "Yes" to any of the sources below How much did this 

person receive for the entire year? 

a. Wages, salary, commissions, bonuses, or tips from 

all jobs .... Report amount before deductions for taxes, bonds, 

dues, or other Items. 

0 Yes --Jr- $ .00 0 No (A '1";;01 "olr;oun{~- Do/Tars) 

b. Own nonfarm business, partnership, or professional 

practice ... Report ~.ti income after business expenses, 

0 Yes ~ $ .00 0 No (AnnuO! amount -"{JaffaTs) 

c. Own farm. 

Report !l!1. income ofter operating expenses. I~c!ude earnings as 

a tenant former or sharecropper. 

0 Yes ~ $ .00 0 No TAnnuOi amounT'~ DoJ!ars) 

d. Interest. dividends, royalties, or net rental income. 

Report even small amounts credited to an account. 

0 Yes ~ $ .00 0 No (:4-nnufil amoun-t ---D;;if(irs) 

e. Social Security or Railroad Retirement. 

II () Yes ~ $ .00 0 No (Annuit "",-ount----Dol,,;;;) f. Supplemental Security (551), Aid to Families with 

Dependent Children (AFDC), or other public assistance 

or public welfare payments. 

0 Yes -38>- $ .00 0 No [A-,muai"omount -~ DoNors} 

g. Unemployment compensation, veterans' payments, 

pensions, alimony or child support. or any other sources 

of'income received regularly. 

Exclude lump~sum payments such as money from on Inheritance 

or the sale of Q home. 

III 0 Yes -ll»- $ .00 0 No (,4nnuit amount -.:,-Dollars) 33. What waS this person's total income in 1979? 

Add entries in questions 320 $ .00 through g; subtract any losses. ------ - -------- -

If total amount was a loss, (Annual amount - Dollars) 

write "Loss" above amount. OR () None 

---. 
1980 

SUPPLEMENTARY QUESTIONNAIRE FOR INDIAN RESERVATIONS (POPULATION) --~~--------~------~-.------, Name of Person 1 

Last name First name Middle Initial 

10. What is this person's tribe? Report tribe in which 

enrol/ed. If not enrol/ed, report principal tribe. 

(Name of tribe) 

00 None - SKIP to 12a 

ern 

11. Is this person enrolled in (tribe entered in question 

10) tribe? 

1 [] Yes 

2 [I No 

12a. Since February 1, 1980, has this person attended 

regular school or college at any time? count nursery 

school, kindergarten, elementary school, and 

schooling which leads to a high school dIploma 

or col/ege degree. 

3 c] Yes - Continue with 12b 

4 [-:-] No, has not attended - SKIP to 13 

b. What kind of school or college has this person been 

attending? Read each category and mark one box. 

5 [1 Tribal school, tribal college 

6 [J Bureau of Indian Affalfs day school 

7 D Bureau of Indian Affairs boarding school 

80 Public school 

90 Private school 

13. What is the highest grade (or year) of regular school 

this person has ever allended? 

Mark one box for highest grade attended. 

If now attending school, mark grade person 

is in. 

If high school was finished by equivalency 

test (GEO), mark "12." 

NO Nursery school 

K [] Kindergarten 

Elementary through high school (grade or year) 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 

DDDDDDDDCJ D 0 [J 

College (academic year) 

1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th or more 

13[] 14CJ ISCJ 16Cl 17[] 

o Never attended school - SKIP to 15 

14. Did this person finish the highest grade (or year) 

attended? Mark one box. , -

1 [l Now attending thiS grade (or year) 

20 Finished thiS grade (or year) 

3 [ i Did not finish thiS grade (or year) 

15a. Did this person live in this house (01 dW1!lIing) 1 year 

ago (April 1, 1979)? 

1 [] Born April 1979 or later - SKIP to 17 

2 [J Yes, thiS house - SKIP to 16 

r:] No, different house - Continue with 15b 

b. Where did this person live I year ago (April 1, 1979)? 

4 [] On thiS reservation 

5 [:] On another reservation 7 

(a) 

(Reservation) 

(b) .. 

(County! 

(c) .. __ . 

(State! 

I I I I I I I I J 6 D Off reservation -7 

(a) 

(City. town, Village, etc.) 

(b) 

(County! 

(e) 

(State, foreign country, Puerto Rico, Guam, etc.) 

I I I I I I 

16. When did this persOI1 lasl move onlo this reservation? For persons living mOklahoma outside the 

Osage Reservation, mark box 8 and do not 

ask this question. 

1 i· : 1979 or 19BO 

2 'e· : 1975 10 1978 

3 r 11970 to 1974 

• [ . 1960 to 1969 

5 r: i 1950 to 1959 

6 i= 11949 or earlier 

7,= J Always lived on thiS reservation 

s ] Now liVing In Oklahoma outSide the Osage 

Reservation 

17. Since March 1, 1980, did this person see and/or 

receive medical or dental services from any of the 

following? Mark one box for each category. 

.--r---'i 

Yes No 

, 2 

a. Doctor Iinciudes specialists; . ... 3 4 

b. Dentist 

5 , c. Nurse 

7 8 I-::----t--I 

d. Pharmacist. 

e. Community Health Representative , 2 

ICHR: . 

f. Midwife. 3 4 

g. PhYSiCIan ASSistant or Medic .. 5 6 

h. Community Health Aide. 7 6 

- , 2 i. Other. 

93 

18a. DUlinglhe 1115112 monUls, where did this III!fson 

usually seek liealUi care? R9ad each category and 

mark QlliI box for the source used most olten. 

1 [ 1 Indian Health Service (lHS) 

clinic, health center or hospital 

2 [] Tribal clinic or hospital 

3 [~I Private physician or dentist ). ~r,;,tif~~ 

4 [ ] Government (Federal, State, county, 

or city) cliniC or hospital 

5 [I Other 

6 [] Did not seek health care - SKIP to 20 

b. During the la5112 months, how long did it usually take 

this person to gel one wW'j from home to the place 

(marked in 188) where health care was received? 

, I: I Less than 30 minutes 

2 [.130 minutes to less than 1 hour 

3 [ i 1 hour to less th an 2 hours 

• L= I 2 or more hours 

19. During the 135112 months, how was this pefSOI1's 

health care paid lor? Read each category and mark 

'2!2!' box for the one used most often. 

, : .. I Received from Indian Health SerVICe or tribe at 

no cost 

2 .: Medicare 

3:: l Medicaid 

• [ : Received from other governmental source at 

no cost 

5:= : ReCeIVed from private source at no cost 

6 [ I Private health Insurance (For example' 

Aetna, Blue Cross, Health Maintenance 

OrganIZation, Kaiser or other health plan) 

71. Paid for by person or other member of family 

80 Other 

20. When was this person born? 

1 ~-- Born before April 1965 - Please go on WIth 

questions 21 through 29 

2 r- , Born April 1965 or later - Turn to next page 

for next person 
213. Last year (1979), did this person work, even lor a lew 

days, al a paid job or in a business or farm? 

, 0 Yes - SKIP to 21c 

r ~_D No ContinU_e_w_it_h_2_1_b ________ ---l 

b. In 1979, did this person raise crops and/or livestock, 

or spend any lime making things to sell or trade such 

as rugs, pottery, or jewelry? 

3 [I Yes - Continue with 21c 

4 [] No - SKIP to 23 

c. Did this person earn any cash income from this V/or~ 

in 1979? 

5 DYes 

60No 

d. How many weeks did this person work in 1979? Include work at a paid job or business as well as 

time spent raising crops and lor livestock or 

making things to sell or trade. 

, [ 11 to 13 weeks 

2 [ 1 14 to 26 weeks 

3 [ I 27 to 39 weeks 

4 [ ! 40 to 49 weeks } Continue with 22 

5 [150 to 52 weeks - SKIP to 24 

22. What was the main reason this person worked fewer 

than 50 weeksTn1979? Read each category and 

mar k Q.Qft box. 

, 0 Personal reasons (For example: family or 

home responSibilities, Including pregnancy; 

school: health: retirement or old age) 

20 Seasonal job completed 

3D Slack work or business conditions 

4 [~Temporary nonseasonal job completed 

5 D Unsatisfactory work arrangements (hours, 

pay, etc. \ 

6 [J Could not find work 

70 Bad weather conditions 

8 [J Old not want work 

24. When did this person last work, even 1111 a lew days, al 

a job, businass, farm, raisinfcrops aOO/OI livestock, 

or makinllihings 10 sell or trade? 

, [J Now working } 

2 [11980 

3 [ 11979 Continue with 25· 

4 [11978 

5 [J 1975 to 1977 

6 [11974 or earlier } SKIP to 28 

7 [ I Never worked 

25 -27. Current or most recent job activity 

Describe clearly this person's chiel job activity 

or business last week. 

/I this person had more than one job, describe 

the one at which this person worked the most hours. 

If this person /,ad no job or bUSiness last week. 

give inlormatlon lor last job or business 

since 1975. 

25a. For whom did this person work? /I now on active duty in the Armed Forces, print "AF" and skip 

to question 28. 

(Name of company, bUSiness, organization, 

O( other emp foyer) 

b. What kind of business or industry was this? Describe the activity where employed. 

(For example: High school, tribal planning office, 

hospital, building construction, rug weaving, sheep ranch) 

I I I I C. Where was this business or industry localed? 

, [; On reservation 

2 [] Off reservation 

26. What kind of work or craft was this person doing? 

-- - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - -- (FOr example: High school English teaeller, tYPist, 

practical nurse, carpenter, rug weaver, sheepherder) 

I I II 

90 Other 2-7. Was this person - Read each category and mark 

~--~~--------------~----------------~ ~box. 23. Of the weeks not worked in 1979, how many weeks was this person actively looking for work or on ,[ i A tribal governmer,( employee 

layoff from a job? 2 [] A tribal or Indlan·owned business employee 

, CJ None 3 [ : A Bureau of Indian Affairs or Indian Health 

Service employee 20 1 to 4 weeks 4 [ I An other Federal governm~ agency employee 

30 5 to 10 weeks 5 [ I A State or local government employee 

40 11 to 14 weeks 6 [I An employee of private company, business 

5 [, 15 to 26 weeks or individual 

7 [I Self·employed in own business, professional 6027 to 39 weeks practice or farm 

70 40 or more weeks 8 [J Working without pay in family" business or farm 

94 

28. In 1979, did Ihis jlI!rson receive benefits 110m any 01 

lhese programs? Mark Q!1~ box for each category. 

Yes 1110 

, 2 

a. Medicaid or Medicare. ., ..... , , 

1----11---1 

3 • 

b. Food stamps ............ h-~-t.~.--l 

c. Federal Housing Assistance ....... ""7-~-4-8 __ . .., 

d. Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) ... h,:---I,::""'""--I 

e. Social Security (green·colored check) .. "",_+._-1 

I. Supplemental Security·U.S. 

Government (gold-colored check\. .... 1----11---1 

• 0 

g. Aid to Families with Dependent 

Children (AFDel. ......... _ .. . 

7 • 

h. Bureau of Indian Affairs general 

assistance .... _ . . . .. . .... 

, 2 

i. Other assistance or welfare 

payments ................... . 

29. What was this person's lolal income in 1979? 

Print the dollar amount in the space provided. 

If total income was a loss, mark the "Loss" box and enter dollar amount. If total amount is 

zero, mark the "None" box. If exact amount is not known, give best estimate. 

Include any Income from (before deductions for 

taxes, bonds, dues, or other items): 

.. Wages or salaries 

" Own farm or nonfarm business, partnership 

or professional practice ([!ll,t after expenses) 

.. Interest, diVidends, or net rental income 

" Social Security or Railroad Retirement 

" Public assistance or welfare 

.. Unemployment compensation, veterans' 

payments, pensions, alimony or child support, 

or any other money income received regularly 

Exclude lump·sum amounts such as gains from the 

sale of property. 

$ - .00 

(Dollars only) 

x [I Loss 

OR 

o CJ None 
1980 

HOUSING INQUIRIES 

Housing questions HI-H3 (screening items) and H4 through 

HI2 were asked at all occupied housing units (see p. 81 for 

definition and sampling rates); H13-H33 were the sample 

items. B, C, and D were completed by the enumerator, as were 

the other questions marked with a double underscore (required for vacant units). 

Vacant mobile homes (H4 and H13) were enumerated 

provided they were located where they were intended for 

occupancy-not on a sales lot. If rooms had been added to a 

trailer, however, it was considered a one-family detached 

house. 

'~~~--T--------'~ 

!!, Type of unit or quarters for vacant units 

First form 

Continuation 

Vacant 

0 Regular 

Is this unillor--

Year round use 

Seasonal/Mig .. - Skip C2, 

C2. Vacancy status C3, and D. 

For rent 

I) For sale only 

D. Months vacant 

Less than 1 month. 

1 up to 2 months 

') 2upl06 months 

6 upto 12 months 

1 year up to 2 years 

2 or more years Cl Usual home 

elsewhere () Rented or sold, not occupied 1-------

Held for occasional use 

Group quarters Other vacant 

U First form C3.ls this unit boarded up? 

0 Continuation o Ves CJ No 

H 1. Did you leave anyone out 01 Question 1 because you were nol sure H9. Is this aparlment (house) pari 01 a condominium? 

if the person should be listed - for example, a new baby stll/ln the - () No hospital, a lodger who 0150 has another home, or 0 person who stays here CJ Yes, a condominium once in (I while and has no other home? 

0 Ves On page 20 give name(s) and reason left out, H 10. If this is a one-familY house -

-- CJ No a. Is the house on a properly 01 10 or more acres? 

H2. Did you lisl anyone in Question 1 who is away from home now - 0 Ves II 0 No 

-- for example, on a vacation or in a hospital? b. Is any pari of the properly used as a 

CJ Ves - On page 20 give name(s) and reason person is away, commercial establishment Or medical office? 

CJ No CJ Yes 0 No 

H3. Is anyone visiting here who is nol already lisled? H 11. If you live in a one-family house or a condomInIum 

Yes - On page 20 give name of each visitor for whom there is no one -- unit which you own or are buying - CJ 

at the home address to report the person to a census taker. What is the value ollhis properly, thai is, how 

CJ No much do you think this properly (house and 101 or 

Il:l! How many living quarters, occupied and vacant. are al this 

condominium unit) would sell for if il were for sale? 

1= address? Do not answer this question if this is -

0 One • A mobile home or trailer 

CJ 2 apartmentsllr living quarters • A house on 10 or more acres 

CJ 3 apartments or living quarters • A house with a commercial establishment 

() 4 apartments or living quarters or medical office on the property 

CJ 5 apartments or living quarters () Less than $10,000 CJ $50,000 to $54,999 CJ 6 apartments or living quarters () $10,000 to $14,999 CJ $55,000 to $59,999 CJ 7 apartments or living quarters CJ $15,000 to $17,499 () $60,000 to $64,999 () 8 apartments or living quarters () $17,500 to $19,999 0 $65,000 to $69,999 () 9 apartments or living quarters CJ $20,00010 $22,499 0 $70,000 to $74,999 () 10 or more apartments or living quarters CJ $22,500to$24,999 () $75,000 to $79,999 

CJ This is a mobile home or trailer 0 $25,000 to $27,499 0 $80,000 to $89,999 

1-15. Do you enter your living quarters - () $27,500 to $29,999 CJ $90,000 to $99,999 - 0 $30,000 to $34,999 () $100,000 to $124,999 0 Directly from the outside or through a COmmon or public hall? CJ $35,000 to $39,999 () $125,000 to $149,999 0 Through someone else's living quarters' CJ $40,OOOto $44,999 0 $150,000 to $199,999 

H6. Do you have complete plumbing facilities in your living quarters, () $45,000 to $49,999 0 $200,000 or more 

= thai is, hot and cold piped water, a flush toilet. and a bathtub or H12. If you E!l:..!!!!! for your living quarters ... shower? What is the monthly rent? 

CJ Ves, for this household only If rent is not paid by the month) see the instruction () Yes, but also used by another household guide on how to figure a monthly rent. 

CJ No, have some but not all plumbing facilities Less than $50 C) $16010$169 !) 

0 No plumbing facilities in living quarters CJ $50to$59 (.\ $17010 $179 

H7. How many rooms do you have in your living quarters? () $60to$69 () $180to$189 

- Do not count bathrooms, porches, balconies, foyers, halls! or half~rooms. () $70 to $79 <) $190 to $199 

II () $80io $89 n $200 to $224 0 1 room 0 4 rooms () 7 rooms CJ $90to$99 () $22510$249 () 2 rooms 0 5 rooms 0 8 rooms 

0 3 rooms 0 6 rooms () 9 or more rooms 0 $10010$109 $25010$274 

H8. Are your living quarters - 0 $110to$119 C) $275 to $299 i' u $120to$129 u $300 to $349 

0 Owned or being bought by you or by someone else in this household? U $130 to $139 () $350 to $399 

() Rented for cash rent' 0 $140 to $149 0 $400 to $499 

CJ Occupied without payment of cash rent? () $150to$159 u $5000rmore 

95 
1980 

HOUSING INQUIRIES-Continued 

H13. Which best describes this building? - H21a. Which luel is used most lor house healing? I 

- Include all apartments} flots, etc" even if vacant. CJ Gas: from underground pipes 

A mobile home or trailer serving the neighborhood 0 Coal or coke 

A one·family house detached from any other house Gas: bottled, tank, or LP 0 Wood II 0 Other fuel A one-family house attached to one or more houses 0 Electricity 

• 0 No fuel used A building for 2 families Cl Fuel oil, kerosene, etc. 

A building for 3 or 4 families b. Which fUl!1 is used most lor waler healing? , 

A building for 5 to 9 families 

A building for 10 to 19 families 0 Gas: from underground pipes 0 Coal or coke A building for 20 to 49 families serving the neighborhood () Wood A building for 50 or more families 0 Gas: bottled, lank, or LP () Other fuel 

A boat, tent, van, etc. 0 Electricity 0 No fuel used , () Fuel oil, kerosene, etc. • -- c. Which luel is used most for cooking? IH4a. How many storie. (floors) are in this building? 

Count an attic or basement as a story if it has any finished rooms for /lving purposes. 0 Gas: from underground pipes 0 Coal or coke 

(, 1 to 3 _. Skip to HIS 0 7 to 12 serving the neighborhood 0 Wood 0 Gas: bottled, tank, or LP () .4 to 6 () 13 or more stories 0 Other fuel () Electricity () No fuel used 0 Fuel oil, kerosene, etc. 

b. Is there a passenger elevator in this building? • . -- U Ves () No H22. What are the costs of ulilities and fuels lor your living quarters? ' 

a. Electricity -- $ .00 OR () Included in rent or no charge 

H 15.. Is this building - Average -';:'oritliiy cost () Electricity not used 

() On a city or suburban lot, or on a place of less than 1 acre? Skip to HI6 

0 On a place of 1 to 9 acres? b. Gas 

On a place of 10 or more acres? $ .00 OR () Included in rent or no charge 0 

AviNge -monthly coSt 0 Gas not used 

b. Lilst year, 1979, did sales of crops, livestock, and other farm products c. Water 

from this place amount to - $ .00 OR () Included in rent or no charge 

() Less than $50 (or None) 0 $250 to $599 0 $1,000 to $2,499 ---Yeorlycost 

0 $50 to $249 • 0 $600 to $999 0 $2,500 or more d. Oil, coal, kerosene, etc . i 

$ .00 OR () I ncluded in rent or no charge 

HIS. Do you get water from - ---Yiiiiiy (;os(--- () These fuels not used - () A public system (city water department, etc,) or private company? 

() An individual drilled well? H23. Do you have complete kitchen facilities? Complete kitchen facilities 

0 An individual dug well? are a sink with piped water, a range or cookstove, and a refrigerator, 

,I Some other source (0 spring, creek, river, cistern, etc.)? 0 Ves • () No 

--' 

H17. I~ this building connected to a public sewer? H24. How many bedrooms do you have? - C) Ves, connected to public sewer Count rooms used mainly for sleeping even if used also for other purposes. 

0 No, connected to septic tank or cesspool 0 No bedroom () 2 bedrooms 0 4 bedrooms 

[) No, use other means 0 1 bedroom CJ 3 bedrooms 0 5 or more bedrooms 

HlS. About when was this building originally buill? Mark when the building was H25. How many bathrooms do. you have? - first constructed, not when It was rem"odeled, added to, or converted. - A complete bathroom is a room with flush toilet, bathtub or shower! and 

Cl 1979 or 1980 0 1960 to 1969 Cl 1940 to 1949 wash basin with piped water. 

0 1975 to 1978 () 1950 to 1959 () 1939 or earlier A half bathroom has at least a flush toilet QL bathtub or shower, but does 

0 1970 to 1974 • not have all the facilities for a complete bathroom . 

() No bathroom, or only a half bathroom 

HI9. When did the person listed in column 1 move into 0 1 complete bathroom this house (or apartment)? () 1 complete bathroom, plus half bath(s) 

() 1979 or 1980 0 1950to 1959 () 2 or more complete bathrooms 

() 1975 to 1978 CJ 1949 or earlier 

() 1970 to 1974 () Always lived here H26. Do you have a telephone in your living quarters? 

() 1960 to 1969 0 Ves • 0 No • ~. How are your living quarters heated? H27. Do you have air conditioning? 

Fill one circle for the kind of heat used most. () Yes, a central air-conditioning system 

0 Steam or hot water system () Yes, 1 individual room unit 

0 Central warm-air furnace with ducts to the individual rooms 0 Yes, 2 or more individual room units 

(Do not count electric heat pumps here) 0 No 

0 Electric heat pump 

() Other built-in electric units (permanently installed in wall, ceiling, H28. How many automobiles are kept at home for use by members 

or basebaard) of your household? 

0 None • () 2 automobiles 

0 Floor, wall, or pipe less furnace 0 1 automobile () 3 or more automobiles • 0 Room heaters with flue or vent, burning gas, oil, or kerosene H29. How many vans or trucks of one-ton capacity or less are kept at () Room heaters withoulflue or vent, burning gas, oil,or kerosene (not portable) home for use by members of your household? () Fireplaces, stoves, or portable room heaters of any kind None () () 2 vans or trucks () No heating equipment 1 van or truck 0 () 3 or more vans or trucks I 

96 
HOUSING INQUIRIES-Continued 

Please answer H30-H32 If you live In a one-family house 

which you own or are buying, unless this Is -

1980 

o A house on 10 or more acres If any of these, or If you rent your unit or thIs IS a 

9 A mobile home or trailer ) 

o A condominium Unit multi-family structure, skip H30 to H32 and turn to page 6 

o A house with a commercial estabhshment 

or medIcal offIce on the property 

H30. What were the real estate taxes on this property last year? 

.00 OR o None 

----.---.----------------------1 

H31. What is the annual premium for fire and hazard insurance on this property? 

.00 OR () None 

H32a, Do you have a mortgage, deed of trust. contract to purchase, or similar 

debt on this property? 

() Yes, mortgage, deed of trust, or similar debt 

() Yes, contract to purchase 

U No - Skip to page 6 

b. Do'You have a second or junior mortgage on this property? 

o Yes () No 

C. How much is your total regular monthly payment to the lender? 

Also Include payments on a contract to purchase and to lenders holding 

second or junior mortgages on this property. 

$ .00 OR n No regular payment required 

d. Does your regular monthly payment (amount entered in H32c) include 

payments for real estate taxes 011 this property? 

(, Yes, taxes included in payment 

() No, taxes paid separately or taxes not reqUIred 

e. Does your regular monthly payment (amount entered in H32c) include 

payments for fire and hazard insurance on this property? 

o Yes, insurance included in payment 

o No, insurance paid separately or no insurance 

'---_____________________ -----',SUPPLEMENTARy QUESTIONNAIRE FOR 

INDIAN RESERVATIONS 

The enumerator asked these questions at every housing unit 

with at least one American Indian resident, except for housing 

units enumerated on a sample questionnaire. 

lao Is there piped wa.ler in this building? 4. About when was this building OIiginally built? Mark when the building was first 

constructed, not when It was remodeled, added to, or converted. 

1 []1979 or 1980 • []1960 to 1969 6 []1940 to 1949 

2 [J 1975 to 1978 s [11950 to 1959 7 [] 1939 or earlier 

3 [J 1970 to 1974 

10 Yes, piped water in this bUIlding - SKIP to Ic 

2 [J No piped water in this building - Continue with lb 

b. 

Sa. Do you have complete Comp/el .. kltchell /aclllll". ar" .. • Ink 

wllh piped water, " range or 00(.".10 .... /HId r@lrlgerator. 

C. source source. Yes - SKIP to 6a No - Continue with 5b 

1 [] A public system, private company, tribal or community system 

2 [J An IndIvidual drilled well 

3 [J An Individual dug well 

b. Do you have a relriglllalOl? 

3 [] Yes 4 [I No 

6a. Do you have a telephone in your living quarters? 4[]A private cistern 

5 [I A creek, spring, rover, lake, or pond 

6 [] Other source - Specify __ 

Yes - SKIP to 7a No Continue with 6b 

b. Is the nearest available telephone within 114 mile of your living quarters? 

3D Yes, Within 1/4 mile 40 No, more than 1/4 mile away 

f-"-----,-,---------,----------------~ 7a. Do you have electric lighting in your living quarters? 

2. Is this building connected to a public sewer? Yes Cont/rrue witll 7b No - SKIP to 8 

1 [] Yes, connected to public sewer b. What is the source of this electricity? Read each category and mark one box lor 

20 No, connected to septic tank or cesspool the main source 01 electricity. -

3D No, chemical toilet used 3 [] Public or private utilIty company 7 [J Your own generator 

4 [1 No, outhouse or privy used • [J Rural electriC cooperative 8 eJ Other - SpeCify? 

5 [] No, other means used - Specify _ 5 [~l Bureau of Indian Affairs electriC system 

6 [] Tribal system 

f....---------------------~. ______ ~ 8. What is the main type of material used for the 

3. How ale your living Quarters healed? Mark one box lor the kind 01 heat used each category and mark one box. 

the most. - I C1 Wood 

your living quarters? Read 

5 Earth, gravel, sand 

10 Steam or hot water system 2 Ci Asphalt, linoleum. or Vinyl tiles 

2 C] Central warm-air furnace with ducts to the rndivldual rooms (Do not count 3 stone, concrete, brick, clay, or ceramic tile 

6 LJ Other Specily 7 

electric heat pumps here.) 4 [] Metal _________ _ 

3 0 E I ectr i c h ea t pu m p 1-:---:::c=:-:-:~__:-7"-_;__;_'7"';-_;_c~:;____;'"'77'-_::__;_-_::_...__-. 9. What is the main type of material used for the outside walls of your living quarters? 4DOlher built-in electric units (permanently installed in wall, ceiling, Read each category and mark one box. 

or baseboa'rdj 

5 C] Floor, wall, or pipeless furnace ,[ 1 Siding or shIngles (wood or aluminum) 

60 Room heaters with flue or vent, burning gas, 011, or kerosene 2 [] Brick, concrete block, stone, or stucco 

7 [] Room heaters without flue or vent, burning gas, oil, or kerosene (not portable) 3 [1 Logs 

8 [] Fireplaces, stoves, or portable room heaters of any kind 4 t::' Asphalt siding or tar paper 

90 No heating equipment 5 L-~: Cloth or tent 

97 

Mud, adobe, or sod 

7l~' Metal 

Bc-Other speclly? 
1900 

INTRODUCTION 

As in 1970 and 1980, the household questionnaire contained 

both population and housing items. The four-page "short 

form" questionnaire for 1990, which contained the inquiries 

(sometimes refen'ed to as the or "c()m]ple!t,(M:ount' 

questions) asked for all households and units, was 

28"x10-1/2", folded to 5-1I8"xlO-1/2". The 20-page "long form" 

or which included items as well 

as the "short form" was HH/8"xlO-1/2", folded to 

5-118" (an xlO-1/2". Each contained one 

set of questions for the housing unit and a set of 

population questions for each of seven persons. If there were 

more than seven occupants, an enumerator was to collect the 

data on those not reported. 

For 1990, over half of the households were sampled on a 

l-in-6 basis. In large tracts and block-numbering areas, generally those with more than 2,000 housing units, the sample rate 

was 1-in-8. Govennnental units (incorporated places, counties, 

and functioning minor civil divisions that provide a wide array 

of governmental services) with populations of fewer than 2,500 

persons were sampled at a rate of 1-in-2. 

98 

POPULA'I'ION INQUIRIES 

For 1990, some of the differences from 1980 in the 

tion items were as follows: the seven lOO-percent 

qu~~stions asked for were d:istinJguish~!d 

from natural-born or adopted children and the category 

child" was added (item 2, relationship). the 26 vv't:lMllme 

the education question (12) asked for the U.lg;ne!>L 

cOlnpjle~!d (below college) or rather than 

attended and whether The question on service (17) asked for the total number of years 

of active duty. (Persons on active duty in the Armed Forces 

were asked for the first time to identify the branch of service 

[28] and occupation [29].) The question asking for "weeks 

looking for work in the previous year" (SId in 1980) was 

dropped. The income question (32) requested separate data on 

pension receipts. 
POPULATION INQUIRIES-Continued 

The 1990 census must count every person at his or her "usual residence." This means the place where the 

person lives and sleeps most of the time, 

til. Ust on the numbered lines below the name of each person living here on Sunday, 

April. including all persons staying here who have no other home. If EVERYONE at 

this is staying here temporarily llind usually lives somewhere eise, follow the 

instructioM given in question 1 b below. 

Include 

.. Everyone who usually hves here such as family 

members, housemates and roommates, foster 

children, roomers, boarders, and livc-In 

employees 

.. Persons who are temporarily aWIlY on a business 

'!nP, on vacation, or in a general hospital 

B CoDege students who stay here while 

attending coUege 

.. Persons m the Armed Forces who live here 

" Newborn babies SliU in the hospital 

" Children in boarding schools below the 

college level 

" PersOns who stay here most of the week 

while working ellen if they hlllle II home 

somewhere else 

.. Persons with no other home who are stllying 

here on Aprill 

Do NOT include 

@ Persons who usually live somewhere else 

• Persons who are aWIIY man institution such as a 

prison. mental hospital, or Ii nursing home 

• CoUege students who lille somewhere else while 

attending college 

e Persons In the Armed Forces who live somewhere 

else 

• Persons who stay somewhere else most of the 

week while working 

Print lasi name, first name, and middle initial for each person, Begin on line 1 with the household 

member (or one of the household members) in whose mIme this house or apartment is owned, being 

bought, orrented. If there is no such person, start on line 1 with any adult household member. 

LAST FIRST FIRST !N!TIAL 

1 

6 

1 b. If EVERYONE is staying here only temporarily and usually lives somewhere 

list the name of each persOIl 011 the numbered lines above, fill this circle - 0 

print their usI.I411 address below. DO NOT PRINT mE ADDRESS USTED 

ON mE FRONT COVER. 

House number 

The back page of the 

included 

this request: 

Apmtmenl number 

name a household 

form, the date the form was completed, and the telephone 

number at which a person in this household can called. 

99 

1990 
..... 

8 

~ ~ ~ 

f

ill,'" ~!lilli' 

fi~lr.l~ 

lil~ ['iJI 

J If rl'fi .. ] J izl 

I: lifi 

'f" !" » 

fl!B' I~lt" if 1il i~i itl ti: ~ ill i~'t. 5:~ ~ ila. !h'I~ go. ~ 

i-d 5 tl It:" ~Iv : f!f: "p t ;2" . af[ltl ~:i! rJ'" J~t i . f l. -

iil 

" r---' ~o, .~ 

"""tJ(1 onn l ~l: 

r--, 0( 0( 0( -< 'I I f iii! '" "" ... '" Ii' 8> '" '" ~ '" :----

i ifJilil jI! /II /II - II' , , , .. ")""""" L I : ~ & fl;r f i i '" co .... '" Ii' '" ... N ~ <> ' ---

i i.·ll!t~!4f t ,,,,,,,,,,,,",L._ 

I !li~1 f'f~ i !" : :. I ...... fb I ~ -< I Iii' If i ", f---. I Ia.f . I "' .. , : :8". J _ II" r 9.-

t I! • '10 co ....., 0-. tn ~ W N _ 0' I i' I 'f' L __ _ I ( I ~ I..;.J· f ''''''I'''''''' I I I L__ _ 

I I ~~"""~@&WN_Ol 

I I I L __ J' """'\!)~!I"""'L __ 

s 

-0: >- IIL\{)()() OOU ! ~, 

r---, -< o<t: 0( 0( I f i! ......... '" Ii' .. W ..., - 0 

i iJJiJll /II /II JII ~""" """"" I I li~lf I "'m~~", .. w~_o 

i I·' , is J ; I ~ , () \ ) (; () j , \ ) I , " 

. -

, 1(111 r' , I -

I ,t: ..... I , <I , , o 1m () (1 \Q (l£I 

I Ill. i 18 () iI 

i 1!Hf r ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ i ! ~~~~~~WN~O 

! ! . () (J ().) III) I, 'J I (\ 

, I I.. __ J 

.. ~ <> f--- ~I , "L_ ~ . q () f) i) \ ~ , 

·Il 

"i(()ll() , 

JrJf I 

I () " 

f 'II IH 

Ii. l J 

I I . 

iii" I 

"" 

P IB"I 

. ~lW 

Ifl

Itlf

8'4lp

~l!! 

If§. 

9' ~ 

tl~ 
POPULATION INQUIRIES-Continued 

v n. 110m iii IN I.MItOO Sto.!n - Skip m 11 

V.,.. 110m lsi I'u<!m RIco. Guam. IN 

U.S.~~ . .".~~ 

V .... IIom~of~_I."._to 

y"".U.S.--'by~ 

No. _ a --. of IN Unil<!d Sto.!n 

m. Whm 

Wf!JU/I}? 

1981m 1990 

1985.". 1!l!l6 

- 1982 I<> 19114 

1911!><". 19111 

- 19151<> 1919 

19101<> 1914 

1%51<>1%9, 

l%Ol<>l~ 

1%01<> 1959 

!leI<n 1950 

u. 

0<:h00I. ami ~..mtd1 ~ I<> a hlgh..::hoo! ~ 

Ofa~~. 

No.'-___ ,.,..,.,f~l 

: y",.j>IIbIl!:..::hoo!.l""bIiI:~ 

:V"".~~.~~ 

~RECEIIIED. il~~ • .....-khlowi 

of~~o!!!~.".~do~~. 

- No 0<:h00I ~ 

N""""1I 

~ 

0<:h00I 

_ 1st. 2M. 3«1. "" 4th gm<Ie 

- 5th. 6th. 711l. or 8Ih gm<Ie 

- 9Ih gmde 

10th gm<Ie 

- 1111l gmde 

12th gm<Ie. NO DWWMA 

HIGH OCHOOL GRADUAm - hlgh ..::hoo! 

oo>lOMJll mIN~1 (f",,,,,,,,,,,,,",,: (lED) 

Some~buI"",~ 

"--~in~-~_ 

~~~li'l~-

- ~.~ (I'",,,,,,,,,,,,,",,: IIA. AB. 

~'.~ (1'",,,,,,,,,,,,111: MA. MS. MEng. 

o 

ME<I. MSW. MIlA) 

~..::hoo!~ (f.".""""""": MD. 

DDS. DVM. UB. J1)) 

14a. I)kI 

5~1iIP(0'II~1.1m)'l' 

tIih~ IIwIfil tIih '-Oil' ~ 

- &Im"'Aprill.l985-Gam~frN 

fM_,..."..,... 

: VtMI_8 : ~-a 

::, w .. n : ~!ltd 

1/i. Whm_tlih~ I>cm? 

- &lmI>m:nAprill.1915- Gam 17" 

&1m April!. 1915.,.. bm- -

frNfM_,..."..,... 

Ga m ~ 

.----4 

.,.._bIiomlflltM~§ml.a~fi,~ . .,..tM~GwInIi'!I __ IsI~"" 

N-...IGuom<m1y. ___ ~. 

- y",. ""'" "" -... duly 

- y.,.. ",,-...dmylslll"rt. buI_""", 

V""._IsIR_.".N-...I 

Guom <m1y - SJrip m 18 

No - Skip I<> 18 

II.W""~~~~-

Fl!I a <IKdI! frN....m jI<!fiI>d '" ..mtd1 iII!o,..."..,... oawd. 

- ~l900.,..bm-

- May 1915 I<> ..... 9"'111900 

- ~ ..... ~ 1954-ApriIl9151 

~. I'~ 1955-July 1%4 

j Komm ~ (oIIImll950-J",,""'Y 1955) 

::; WOOdWIi<!II(~l940-Julyl947) 

- WOOdW",,11J\i>III1917-NowmI>er 1918) 

I'wj .... -

101 

1900 

18. 

~ _1IIIhId> -

III. UmitIl thilimid ow: _ '" -'" tIih ~ aln 

00 li'U, jOO? 

dlblflihtl? 00 _ <lOOni MY ~ -~ .,.. cillIdmI 

oM'-~. 

NOM 1 :I 3 Ii 5 I> 7 II 'I 10 11 12.,.."""" 
1900 

POPULATION INQUIRIES-Continued 

~. lim!; dI€II thI!3~ -ny!l"t to~ UISf 

WI'iBI.1 ""'"~--.-

mli><l""".-.IIor_mli><l~. 

-:: c...I!IVd< • .,..""" ., ~ 

c' &0 !If trohy Imo ., ~ .. trohy- ,. 

,)~.,..~ 

. ~ 

· f~ 0iII0lI ~ 

• T",",*, 

If """",. Im:k. ,.,. .... "IJJ "",,/<ed In 230. go w 23/;.~. 

211o! ....... ,,""'"'''''' 

b. 

25. Wl!lllthl!3~~YIiI~""_ 

~,....., IiIjIlbM ~ UlSfWl'iBl.1 

v .... "" lo.yoII • Va • .,.,_.~II!Moo. 

Iobtor~. etc. 

• No 

IfCll'lll! 

No.~huajob 

_No.~iIl 

• No. ~""""""" (In 9dlooi. etc.) 

• y .... ~~loiI!majob 

28-30. Q.JMENfOR MOST RECENT JOB 

J\C'I1VITY. ~a....Iyi!llll~·'chIiof 

job~ "''''''"'-loot ...... lli!l1l1~ hMI 

""""'1hM """"job. ~li><I""""IIIMlIcIIi!lIlI 

"""""'~li><I_""""'.lIi!l1l1~hMI 

00 job "" ""'"'-loot ...... gMI ~ lor 

IIiIIlMrlootjob"' ........... _l9M. 

- I'lII ONE dn:!ol 

MBn~ 0iII0lI (~. 

~W<!<! ~ • ...-..I<lo. 

ReI<!iIW<!<! 9""""""_. etc.) 

30. w. thI!3~ - I'lII ONE <:Irclo< 

~mml'l'llVAn::fORmOflT~ .. 

~01lcl""~"'r_.oobry.01l 

.,.,."...-.. 

~oI.l'l'IIV ... n:: NOT-fOR·mOAT. 

Lo<.o! -~""~-- (diy. 00IIflIy. etc., 

SIIlIio~~ 

F 

Sru·EMI'LOVED 

....... ~~ 

In ""'" NOT!NCOm'ORi\TED 

~~~.""Imn 

Snf-EMl'LOVED In """,!NCOm'ORi\TED 

~.~~ .... Imn 

W~ WITIiOUl'I'AV In ImiiIy """"""" "'''''''' 

b. Hooo _~ dI€II thI!3 j)I1l'BOO ~ IiIl~ 

ComIpiIIId_.pillldoidl 

"'-• ..00 1!!ilImy_. 

c. DwIIiIIItm.~WORKmlillm.'-_ 

i>m1lndl€llthl!3~~~~"'-? 

-------------, I I 

: ~ Houm L... ___________ ..J 

102 

INOOME IN lmFlIIIho "V ... " <ird1I ~ io< aclI ""'- """"" 

~~l!/l!l9.~.lI!lli><l"No"<:irdo. 

1I"V ...... _li><IioIIllI_~~l!/l!l9. 

I'm_~~. __ ~. 

1I __ l!Ioot~.~gMllmI_. 

H no! ""'-"""" m mo.. _ "l<m" .,.., 

Ihodoh_ . 

""~~1i!I, --..,..~ 

--~_'>lI>o!f.,..,dod_. 1.,.._.I>ondo. <I~"'~.!'!~:I1!'!.i!!.'!'!:. __ 

y"~: • No ~ ______________ -'~<! 

Ann""" """"'ni - Do!loro 

!ll.R~~.M~~-

DoOOT~~_~. _______ ,, __ 

Vn~1 

:.' No i$ .00i 

- Do NOT ~ lump-oum ~ 

....:h""""""'IIfrom""In~.,..li><I_ 

01 ........... 

:. No " ... - ~_ thI!3 vm:-'o totIOI ~ iii 1m? 

A<I<I_ln q-.. 32>1 iIm>ugh 3211: IIUbIn>cI ''''lI~.IIIi>101 __ ,,1ooo. _"t.-.. 

..... 1IJI1>OOIII. 

~----------------~ 

:. JIi<>M OR: 1$ .001 

~A .. ;;w;f~=-~~ 
HOUSING INQUIRIES 

The 1990 housing census inquiries differed from those for 

1980 mainly in the following ways. Several questions related to 

building conditions were dropped (number of dwelling units at 

a single address, shared entrance, number of bathrooms, air 

conditioning, heating, water-heating and cooking fuels. number 

of stories, and presence of an elevator) and the question on 

complete plumbing facilities was moved from the 100-percent 

(complet&count) portion of the questionnaire to the sample. In 

the seven 100-percent items for 1990, top dollar categories for 

home values and rent (H6 and H7) were raised and H7 had 

H11II. DI«Ij/Wa-~_Il4~IIRIl4~_ 

~ lbM~~~~u~·~I_~H 

') v .... ~ prirIIlhe _(0' and~(!!1'7 

Whld! t-t ~'-IIhIm~? ~ all 

~1!I.l!iII!I.* .• _Il_. ~ /Ii ~ """"'.,.Imiler 

"'",,","illl'lllly oo.-~Irom ""!I~oo.­

c /Ii~oo.-~I0"""""_no..­

.J 

C 

/Ii 

A 

A 

00IItllr0g 

00IItllr0g 

buiI!IIng 

with 

with 

with 510 

3 

2 

OIl 

~ 

9 

4 

~ 

~ 

Abuil!llngwith 1010 19~ 

A 

A buiI!IIng 

buiI!IIng 

with 

with 

50 

20 10 

or 

49 

_ 

~ 

~I!I 

auIiow 1WIIIY_1ioj/W "-In IhIB howe @II'~? 

Do NOT rotInt~. pcm:I>eo. """""'ta./oymI. haIIo. 

mMli...,.,..,.. 

H4. hllhlm a-or~-

~ Ownedbyl""'.". .............. lntllls~ 

with .. ~.".bom? 

Owned by l""'.". .............. 1n tills ~ &e.! 

and deM (w!IhooI II ~l? 

RIII1Ied 1m cash _? 

~w!IhooI~mcash_? 

1900 

meals added as a rent component. Among the 19 sample items, 

solar energy was added to the list of heating fuels (H14). Flood 

insurance, hom&equity loans, condominium fees, and mobilehome fees were covered in the series of questions on shelter 

costs. 

Items H1a-b were screening questions designed to make 

certain that every person in an occupied unit was enumerated. 

Double underscores under certain question numbers indicate that the information was to be obtained for vacant 

housing units. 

Ii thlo 10" ONE·FAMJ!. Y HOOSE - hllhlma-OUimM __ ? 

o Va 0 No 

o V,.. 0 No 

~ooljtllyoo «_In 1hl5~()WNS 

OR 1SBlJ'tlNG Ihl5 ~«~t-

- las tIwI $10.000 

• $10.00010 $14.999 

~ $15.00010519.999 

') 520.00010 524.999 

-=: 525.000 to 529.999 

530.000 10 534.999 

- 535.00010 S39.999 

-- MO.OOOtoM4.999 

J $45.00010549.999 

,", $SO,COO to $54,999 

~ 555.00010 S59.999 

- $60.00010$64.999 

~ $65.00010$69.999 

570.00010 §74.999 

515.000 10 519.999 

$80.000 10 m,999 

$90.00010 $99,999 

5100.000 10 5124.999 

$125.000 to 5149.999 

$150.000 10 5114.999 

- 5175.00010 5199.999 

~. §2OO.000 10 5249.999 

5250.000 to $299,999 

- S3OO.000 10 5399.999 

S4OO.000 10 5499.999 

$500.000"""""" 

""-mlyifJlOll PAYRENTfortlhis oo.-«~­

WMt!!lthe ~nmt? 

lastlwl$80 

$8010$99 

$10010 $124 

$12510$149 

$15010 5114 

$115105199 

$200 10 5224 II 

$225105249 

• $25010 $214 

$215105299 

~ S300 10 $324 

$32510$349 

$350105374 

: VIIJ;$ : No 

103 

• §3151o $399 

S4OOIo5424 

- 542510 5449 

545010 5474 

5415105499 

- $500 10 5524 

$52510 $549 

• $550 10 $599 

• $50010$649 

$65010$699 

- 5100 10 $149 

· $150105999 

$1.000",,_ 
1900 

HOUSING INQUIRIES-Continued 

:) 1989 0< 1990 

o 196500 1988 

o 1980 00 1984 

:) 197000 1979 

') 1%0001969 

;) 1959 ... .....tIe 

"-mlmY~ • ....,..~tIWls, ;-

mImY~wooId ....,..lialftllili'-_ 

~_I>IAtm.~b-IIIlIieOi'nm? 

''J NoMdroom 

8 IMdroom 

;) 2bedroomo 

::; 3 bedroomo 

''J 4 bedroomo 

:) 1; 0< """" bedroomo 

Do....,..hIM!OOilWl.El'E~~ 

iii tIIiIi '-_ ~ tIW Is, U'l'Iottmd 

coW piped _.2) a IIUIIh toilet. tmd 3) a 

~O'lu.-i' 

Hn. Do....,.. hIM! OOilWl.El'E id!Jcha~; 

===== tIW Is, 1) a IIiIIlk VI1Itb piped matw. 2) III ~ 

or~.tmd3)1Il~_? 

o Ya ONo 

o Ya ONo 

Hl~. Whldl ma. WI!d MOST b ~ tIIiIi 

'-_~'l' 

o GaB:fmm~pIpa 

.-..giM~ 

:) GaB: boiIIted.lIiM. or lI" 

O~ 

o I'tllllCIIA ............... *. o c:o..t.,."""" o Wood 

:) SoIa."""'!lII 

:) OiMrfwil 

::; Noluo!l..-l 

'J A 

~ 

publie 0\1*'" ....,.. !!Ill .. <lIy"-

or poIVIiIii ClI>IIII*I1I? 

J An~drihI."...jP. 

J An~cIug."...jP. 

j s..m.. o!II!or ......... ....,.. ..... oping • 

......... n-.~.*.? 

') Y"",.~oopublie_ 

:) No, ~ oo"'""*tIink.,.~ 

:) No ...... o!II!or_ 

o 1989.,.. 1990 

III - 196500 1988 

:) 1980 00 1984 

:) 197000 1979 

::: l!16Ooo 1969 

~' 195000 1959 

::, 19W101949 

- 1939 or .....tIe 

o Don't ........ 

~illtIIiIi'-wMthml_? 

r---------------------------~ H13. How mImY~ _. imdtml:bo« _ Y""'-~liDffiW """" _~CO' MIlilnlI!ept_ I>!imoeb-

_b!l_beniO«yo<illi~ 

b. m 1989. wh!d_tm.IlIdaIIIIlIieaO«II.II~ 

0 NoM ~m-tllili~? 

0 1 

0 2 o NoM 

0 3 o 5100 $999 

0 " o 51.000 00 $2,499 

0 S o $2.50010$4.999 

0 6 o 55.000 10 $9.999 

07"" ........ o $10,000 ........... 

104 

OR 

o Incl!!drod III mil or in ~ 1ft 

o Nodloogo ... ~ oot..-l 

,---~·----------I 

, , , , 

~----------'-Q.q; YeIIlIly COOl - Do!Ion 

OR 

- Incl!!drod in mIImln ~ 1ft 

o NodloogoMlJIOIootllllllld 

, r------------, , , , '$ .00: l! ____________ ~ 

VeIIlIly COOl - Do!Ion 

OR 

1--------------1 

, , , I 

~ _____ :.. ____ :..l!.1!! 

V<mI!I COOl - Do!Ion 

OR 

o Incl!!drod In mil ... In ~ 1ft 

o Nodloogo or iMIiD fui!I!i 00I..-l 
HOUSING INQUIRIES-Continued 

INSTRUCTION: 

""-~ H2J TO H2II>, If IhIo /I 

.. ~oo.-.ill~,"" 

"tOObtIa IoomfI! tIW _iii IhIo 

~OWNSOR ISBUYlNG; 

~,!IO ,.,,,.6. 

H21. WhIiIt_the......t __ MTmS 

~IIMlIt!f'llll1'? 

r--------------, 

I I 

I I 

~-----------.:.Q.QJ y...my !IH'IOOtIt - DoII<n 

OR 

Ii 

HH. WhIiIt_the __ ~DfIre. ~ 

.1'Iood~imTmS~? 

r--------------, 

I I I I 

~-----------..:QI?.: Y...my"""""" - DoII<n 

OR 

o None 

H231a.I:I@,oohaM! III ~ ~ of-. ~ m •. I:I@,oohaM!IiI-.d - ~ 

to~_~~mTmS~i' ~_Ill~~kIiIIIII_ 

o V"".~.d.....tof_.( orlllmll!orcll!bl GoII:>Ii23b 

'J Va. .... 'I""'Uf)~ 

o No - SJdp II:> H24I> 

b."-ml!Jdalf&lJIIlUE 

~w 1mS~1' 

.... ~~ 

~ l'IIYfM'IIonly 

.,..1ln!~.,.<:<II'IInJI:tIl:>~. 

r---------------I 

I I , I 

:~------------.:.QI?) MomhIy _I - DoII<n 

OR 

".o-lJIIlUE ~~D......t .... ~~~ __ ImTmS 

~? 

::; Va. _ ~ In I'IIYfM'II :: No._plid~ ... __ ~ 

d.o-!JO'II' 

~ 

~ 

~ 

.... 

D 

~~~ 

fire. huIm:I. or IIood 

.... TmS~? 

::' '10;0, __ ~ In I'IIYfM'II 

- No. __ plid~""""""""""'" 

105 

TmS~" 

1.>."-mI!Jda IIIlJIIlUE .... ~ 

~«II!lId-.d@f~ 

~.d~~INm? 

r--------------, 

I I 

I I :$ .00: ~~::~ 

OR 

""-ON!. Y Illhlo 11;" CONOOMIMUM -

HH. WhIiItlllthe~~_? 

r--------------l 

, , 

I , :.L __________ .:.QI?l 

~_-DoII<n 

""-()Nl. Y If IhIo 11; .. MOBILE HOME -

ml>, WhIiIt_the~_D~ 

~-.IItio!nm.rqi!4lI~~ .......... _ thIa mOOIJI!!~_ 

1m mimllMllt!f'llll1'? Eli<:Iude """' __ • 

r--------------, 

, , , I 

'$ L:! ___________ .:._:.I 00' 

V...my_-DaII!mrlI 

1900 

BIBLIOGRAPHY 

Eaton, George B., ed., The Handy Book for Genealogists. 7th ed. Logan, 01': The Everton Publishers,. Inc., c. 1981. xiii, 370 pp. 

Kyvig, David E., and Myron A. Marty. NelH'by History: Exploring the Past Around You. Nashville, TN: The American Association 

for State and Local History, c. 1982. xili, 300 pp. ISBN 0-910050-59-7. 

National Archives and Records Administration. Federal Population and Mortality Schedules, 1790-1910, in the National Archives 

and the States. Special List 24. Washington, DC, 1986. xvi, 140 pp. (microfiche only) 

___ . Cross Index to Selected City Streets and Enumeration Districts, 1910 Census. National Archives Microfiche Publication 

M1283. N.d., 50 fiche. 

___ . Our Family, Our Town: Essays on Family and Local History Sources in the National Archives. Washington, 1987. 

xvi, 223 pp. ISBN 0-911333-50-9. 

National Archives and Records Service. ClIJ"tographic Records of the Bureau of the Census. Prelimin.ary Inventory No. 103. 

Washington, DC, 1958. v, 108 pp. 

___ . Federal Population Schedules, 1790-1890. A Catalog of Microfilm Copies of the Schedules. Washington, DC, 1977. 90 pp. 

___ . Guide to Genealogical ReselH'ch in the National Archives. Washington, DC, 1982. xiii, 304 pp. 

___ . List of Free Black Heads of Families in the First CenSIlS of the United States. Special List 34. Washington, DC, 1974. 

44 pp. 

___ . 1900 Federal Population Census, A Catalog of Microfilm Copies of the Schedules. Washington, DC. 1978.84 pp. 

National Archives Trust Fund Board. The 1910 Federal rlJ~:JWitAj,l(}ll """'''0''''', A Catalog of Microfilm 

Washington, DC, 1982.44 pp. (A 1920 catalog is in preparation.) 

of the Schedules. 

The Source: A Gwdebook of American Genealogy. Salt Lake City, UT, Ancestry Publishing 1984.785 pp. ISBN 0-916489-00-0. 

nOI'l1u:we, William, and William Dollarhide. Map Guide to the U.s. Federal Censuses, 1790-1920. >J"'~"IUVA 

Publishing Co., 1987. xxvi, 420 pp. ISBN 0-8063-1188-6. 

MD: 

U.S. Bureau of the Census. A Century of Population Growth. Washington, DC, 1909. x, 303 pp. Reprinted, New York, NY, Johnson 

Reprint Corp. 

___ . Factfinder for the Nation. CFF No.4, "History and Organization." Washington, DC, 1988. 12 pp. 

___ . Heads of Families at the First Censlls of the United States Taken in the Year 1790 [State]. Washington, 1908. 

Reprinted, Baltimore, MD, Genealogical Publishing Co. 

__ .......; . The 1950 Censuses-How They Were Taken. Washington, DC. 1955. viii, 222 pp. 

___ . Principal Data Collection Forms Used in the 1950 Censuses. Washington, DC, 1952.41 pp. 

___ . 1960 Censuses of Population and Housing: Procedural History. Washington, DC, 1966. vi, 387 pp. 

___ . Principal Data Collection Forms and Procedures. Washington, DC, 1961. iv, 62 pp. 

___ . Survey of Components of Change and Residential Finance ... Principal Data-Collection Forms and Procedures. 

Washington, DC, 1962.36 pp. 

107 
___ . 1970 Census of POjplli,ati<U] ood Housing: Dllta-Collection .Forms ood Procedures. Series 

1971. 115 pp. 

_.~~_ . Procedural Hi~ltoI:Y. Series PHC(R)·1. Washington, 1976.674 pp. 

Procedures. Series PHC(R)·4. ashmg1ton, DC, 1972.38 pp. 

_~~,_ . 1980 Census of rUilPW,~j,1«-'11 ood Housillg: Hi~lt01:Y. SeriesPHC80·R·2. 

",!,>AH""n,u varies. 

Censilses: rU1JWil101U'1'1 ~1~stiIOl:JS, 1790·1890. 

"",.au~>",,, .. , DC. Issued in 

1979.91 pp. 

39. U.S. Decennial Censusl~s, 179(),,1970. 

pp. 

1986·1989. 

1973.179 

U.S. Senate. Growth ofthe United. States CarrollD. and William C. Hunt. 56th 

1st Sess. Vol. 14, No. 194. Washington, DC, 1900. (Covers 1790·1890.) 

University of Wisconsin·Madison, Center for Demography and Ecology. Procedural Hi.,f'",,,,, of the 1940 Census 

Housing. Prepared by Robert Jenkins. Madison, WI, 1983. iv, 200 pp. 

108 
For further infonnation about topics in this guide or application fonns for census transcripts, write or callCensus History Staff 

Data User Services Division 

Bureau of the Census 

Washington, DC 20233 

3011763-7936 (FAX 3011763-4794) 

109 
, I 

What is 

population to the working-age 

population? What will the ratio 

in 201 O? In 2030? 

the 

Which group of persons made the 

highest support payments? How much 

were the payments? 

Now Available! 

This is one of a series of reports 

from the of I and 

Participation providing 

data on specific policy-related 

issues. Order your copy of this 

P-70, No. 13 report from the U.S. 

Government Printing Office 

No. 803-044-00001-5) $2.25. 

Other reports in this series available from Superintendent 

U.S. Government Printing Office (202/783-3238) are: 

No. 12 

Pensions: Worker Coverage 

and Retirement Income:1984 

(Stock No. 703-088-00011-2) $2.75 

P-70, No. 11 

What's It Worth? Educational 

Background and Economic 

Status: Spring 1984 

(Stock No. 703-088-00010-4) $2.75 

*u.s. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: :woo 550-130/:w023 

P-{:o, No. 10 

Male-Female Differences in Work 

Experiences, Occupation and 

Earnings: 1984 

(Stock No. 703-088-00009-1) $2.75 

P-70, NO.9 

Who's Minding the Kids? 

Child Care Arrangements: 

Winter 1984-1985 

(Stock No. 703-088-00008-2) $2.75 
U Department of Commerce 

BU REAU OF TH CENSUS 

Washington, D,C, 20233 

Official Business 

Penalty for Private Use, $300 

111111 

AND FE PAID 

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COM-202 

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