DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

FRANKLIN K. LANE, Secretary

UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

GEORGE OTIS SMITH, Director

Water-Supply Paper 432

SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OF THE 

UNITED STATES

1916

PART II. SOUTH ATLANTIC AND EASTERN 

GULF OF MEXICO BASINS

NATHAN C. GROVER, Chief Hydraulic Engineer

GUY C. STEVENS and WARREN E. HALL 

District Engineers

WASHINGTON

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE

1918*
CONTENTS.

Authorization and scope of work............................................. 5

Definition of terms.................................................... A...... 6

Convenient equivalents.................................................... 7

Explanation of data......................................................... 9

Accuracy of field data and computed results.............. .................... 11

Cooperation................................................................ 12

Division of work.........................'................................. 12

Gaging-station records...................................................... 12

James River basin..................................................... 12

James River at Buchanan, Va...................................... 12

James River at Cartersville, Va..................................... 14

Roanoke River basin.................................................. 15

Roanoke River at Roanoke, Va..................................... 15

Roanoke River at Old Gaston, N. 0.................................. 17

Peedee River basin..................................................... 19

Yadkin River at Donnaha, N. C............................ .*....... 19

Yadkin River near Salisbury, N. C................................. 20

Edisto River basin..................................................... 22

Four Hole Creek near Ridgeville, S. C........................!...... 22

Savannah River basin................................................. 24

Tallulah River near Seed, Ga...................................... 24

Tallulah River near Lakemont, Ga................................... 26

Tallulah River at Mathis, Ga........................................ 27

Tiger Creek at Lakemont, Ga........................................ 29

Altamaha River basin.................................................. 31

Ocmulgee River at Juliette, Ga...................................... 31

Oconee River near Greensboro, Ga................................... 32

Oconee River at Fraleys Ferry, near Milledgeville, Ga............... 35

Apalachicola River basin............................................... 37

Chattahoochee River near Norcross, Ga............................... 37

Chattahoochee River at West Point, Ga.............................. 39

Flint River near Woodbury, Ga..................................... 41

Flint River near Culloden, Ga....................................... 42

Flint River at Albany, Ga.......'................................... 43

Tobler Creek near Yatesville, Ga................................... 44

Escambia River basin.................................................. 45

Conecuh River at Beck, Ala........................................ 45

Mobile River basin.................................................... 46

Oostanaula River at Resaca, Ga..................................... 46

Coosa River at Riverside, Ala...................................... 48

Etowah River near Ball Ground, Ga................................. 49

Etowah River near Rome, Ga...................................... 50

Tallapoosa River at Sturdevant, Ala................................. 52

Miscellaneous measurements................................................ 55

Index.................................................................... 57

Appendix Gaging stations and publications relating to water resources....... i

3
ILLUSTRATIONS.

PLATE I. A, Price current meter; B, Typical gaging station................. 10

II. Water-stage recorders: A, Stevens; B, Gurley printing; C, Friez ... 11
SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OF THE SOUTH ATLANTIC 

AND EASTERN GULF OF MEXICO BASINS, 1916.

AUTHORIZATION AND SCOPE OF WORK.

This volume is one of a series of 14 reports presenting results of 

measurements of flow made on streams in the United States during 

the year ending September 30, 1916.

The data presented in these reports were collected by the United 

States Geological Survey under the following authority contained in 

the organic law (20 Stat. L., p. 394):

Provided, That this officer [the Director] shall have the direction of the Geological 

Survey and the classification of public lands and examination of the geological structure, mineral resources, and products of the national domain.

The work was begun in 1888 in connection with special studies 

relating to irrigation in the arid West. Since the fiscal year ending 

June 30, 1895, successive sundry bills passed by Congress have 

carried the following item and appropriations:

For gaging the streams and determining the water supply of the United States, and 

for the investigation of underground currents and artesian wells, and for the preparation of reports upon the best methods of utilizing the water resources.

Annual appropriations for the fiscal years ending June SO, 1895-1917.

1895....................................................... $12,50

1896......................................................... 20, OCO

1897 to 1900, inclusive....................................... 50, OCO

1901 to 1902, inclusive....................................... 100,OCO

1903 to 1906, inclusive....................................... 200,OCO

1907....................................................... 150,000

1908 to 1910, inclusive!...................................... 100,000

1911 to 1917, inclusive....................................... 150,OCO

In the execution of the work many private and State organizations 

have cooperated, either by furnishing data or by assisting in collecting 

data. Acknowledgments for cooperation of the first kind are made 

in connection with the description of each station affected; cooperation of the second kind is acknowledged on page 12.

Measurements of stream flow have been made at about 4,100 points 

in the United States and also at many points in Alaska ard the 

Hawaiian Islands. In July, 1916, 1,290 gaging stations were being 

maintained by the Survey and the cooperating organizations. Many 

miscellaneous discharge measurements are made at other points. In

5
6 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART II.

connection with this work data were also collected in rogard to precipitation, evaporation, storage reservoirs, "river profiles, and water 

power in many sections of the country and will be made available in 

water-supply papers from time to time. Information in regard to 

publications relating to water resources is presented in the appendix 

to this report.

DEFINITION OF TERMS.

The volume of water flowing in a stream the "run-off" or "discharge" is expressed in. various terms, each of whicl has become 

associated with a certain class of work. These terms may be divided 

into two groups (1) those that represent a rate of flow, as secondfeet, gallons per minute, miners' inches, and discharge in secondfeet per square mile, and (2) those that represent the actual quantity 

of water, as run-off in depth in inches, acre-feet, and millions of 

cubic feet. The principal terms used in this series of reports are 

second-feet, second-feet per square mile, run-off in incl es, and acrefeet. They may be defined as follows:

"Second-feet" is an abbreviation for "cubic feet per second." 

A second-foot is the rate of discharge of water flowing in a channel 

of rectangular cross section 1 foot wide and 1 foot deep at an average 

velocity of 1 foot per second. It is generally used as a fundamental 

unit from which others are computed by the use of the factors given 

in the tables of convenient equivalents (p. 7).

" Second-feet per square mile" is the average numbe1" of cubic feet 

of water flowing per second from each square mile of area drained, 

on the assumption that the run-off is distributed uniformly both as 

regards time and area.

"Run-off (depth in inches)"is the depth to which r,n area would 

be covered if all the water flowing from it in a given period were uniformly distributed on the surface. It is used for comparing run-off 

with rainf all, which is usually expressed in depth in inches.

An "acre-foot," equivalent to 43,560 cubic feet, is th^ quantity required to cover an acre to the depth of 1 foot. The term is commonly used in connection with storage for irrigation.

The following terms not in common use are here defined:

" Stage-discharge relation;" an abbreviation for the term "relation 

of gage height to discharge."

" Control;" a term used to designate the section or sections of the 

stream below the gage which determine the stage-discharge relation 

at the gage. It should be noted that the control may not be the same 

section or sections at all stages.

The "point of zero flow" for a gaging station is that point on the 

gage the gage height to which the surface of the river would fall if 

there were no flow.
SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART II. 7 

CONVENIENT EQUIVALENTS.

The following is a list of convenient equivalents for use in hydraulic 

computations:

Table for converting discharge in second-feet per square mile into run-off in depth in inches

over the area.

Discharge 

(second-feet 

per square 

mile).

1..........

2..........

3..........

4..........

5..........

6..........

7..........

8.'.........

9... .......

Run-off (depth in inches).

Iday.

0.03719 

.07438 

, 11157 

. 14876 

.18595 

.22314 

.26033 

.29752 

.33471

28 days.

1.041 

2.083 

3.124 

4.165 

5.207 

6.248 

7.289 

8.331 

9.372

29 days.

1.079 

2.157 

3.236 

4.314 

5.393 

6.471 

7.550 

8.628 

9.707

30 days.

1.116 

2.231 

3.347 

4.463 

5.578 

6.694 

7.810 

8.926 

10.041

31 days.

1.153 

2.306 

3.459 

4.612 

5.764 

6.917 

8.070 

9.223 

10.376

NOTE. For part of a month multiply the run-off for one day by the number of days. 

Table for converting discharge in second-feet into run-off in acre-feet.

Discharge 

(secondfeet).

1..........

2..........

3..........

4 .......

5..........

6. ......

7..........

8. ......

9..........

Run-off (acre-feet).

Iday.

1.983 

3.967 

5.950 

7.934 

9.917 

11.90 

13.88 

15.87 

17.85

28 days.

55.54 

111.1 

166.6 

222.1 

277.7 

333.2 

388.8 

444.3 

499.8

29 days.

57.52 

115.0 

172.6 

230.1

287.6 

345.1 

402.6 

460.2 

517.7

30 days.

59.50 

119.0 

178.5 

238.0 

297.5 

357.0 

416.5 

476.0 

535.5

31 days.

61.49 

123.0 

184.5 

246.0 

307.4 

368.9 

430.4 

491.9 

553.4

NOTE. For part of a month multiply the run-off for one day by the number of days, 

Table for converting discharge in second-feet into run-off in millions of cubic feet.

Discharge 

(secondfeet).

1..........

2..........

3..........

4..........

5..........

6..........

7..........

8..........

9..........

Run-off (millions of cubic feet).

Iday.

0.0864 

.1728 

.2592 

.3456 

.4320 

.5184 

.6048 

.6912 

.7776

28 days.

2.419 

4.838 

7.257 

9.676 

12.10 

14.51 

16.93 

19.35 

21.77

29 days.

2.506 

5.012 

7.518 

10.02 

12.53 

15.04 

17.54 

20.05 

22.55

30 days.

2.592 

5.184 

7.776 

10.37 

12.96 

15.55 law

20.74 

23.33

31 days.

2.678 

5.356 

8.034 

10.71 

13.39 

' 16.07 

18.75, 

21.42 

24.10

NOTE. For part of a month multiply the run-off for one day by the number of days.
8 SUEPACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART II.

Table for converting discharge in second-feet into run-off in millions of gallons.

Discharge 

(secondfeet).

1. ........

2.........

3.........

4.........

5.........

6.........

7.........

8. ........

9.........

Run-off (millions of gallons).

Iday.

0.6463 

1.293 

1.939

2.586 

3.232 

3 878 

4.524 

5.171 

5.817

28 days.

18.10 

36.20 

54.30 

72.40 

90.50 

108.6 

126.7 

144.8 

162.9

29 days.

18.74 

37.48 

56.22 

74.96 

93.70 

112.4 

131.2 

149.9 

168.7

30 days.

19.39 

38.78 

58.17 

77.56 

96.95 

116.3 

135.7 

155.1 

174.5

31 devs.

20.04 

40.08 

60.12 

80.16 

100.2 

120.2 

140.3 

160.3 

180.4

NOTE. For part of a month multiply the run-off for one day by the number of days.

Table for converting velocity in feet per second into velocity in miles per hour.

[1 foot per second=0.681818 mile per hour, or two-thirds mile per hour, very nearly; 1 mjle per hour=l. 

feet per second. In computing the table the figures 0.68182 and 1.4667 were used.]

Feet per second

Miles per hour for tenths of foot per second.

(units).

0.. ..................

1. ...................

2....................

3....................

4....................

5....................

6....................

7....................

8....................

9v.. .................

0

0.000

.682

1.36

2.05

2.73

3.41

4.77

5.45

6.14

1

0.068

.750

1.43

2.11

2.80

3.48

4.16

4.84

5.52

6.20

2

0.136

.818

1.50

2.18

2.86

3.55

4.23

4.91

5.59

6.27

3

0.205

.886

1.57

2.25

2.93

3.61

4.30

4.98

5.66

6.34

4

0.273

.995

1.64

2.32

3.00

3.68

4.36

5.05

5.73

6.41

5

0.341

1.02

1.70

2.39

3.07

3.75

4.43

5.11

5.80

6.48

6

0.409

1.09

1.77

2.45

3.14

3.82

4.50

5.18

5.86

6.55

7

0.477

1.16

1.84

2.52

3.20

3.89

4.57

5.25

5.93

6.61

8

0.545

1.23

1.91

2.59

3.27

3.95

4.64

5.32

6.00

6.68

9

0.614

1.30

1.98

2.66

3.34

4.02

4.70

5.39

6.07

6.75

Table for converting discharge in second-feet into theoretical horsepower per foot of fall. 

[1 second-foot=0.1136 theoretical horsepower per foot of fall. Weight of 1 cubic foot of water=62.5 pounds.]

Units.

0.................... 1. ...................

2....................

3....................

4....................

5....................

6....................

7....................

8....................

9....................

0

0.00

1.14

2.27

3.41

4.54

5.68

i 6.82

7.95

9.09

10.2

1

0.114

1.25

2.39

3.52

4.66

5.79

6.93

8.07

9.20

10.3

2

0.227

1.36

2.50

3.64

4.77

5.91

7.04

8.18

9.32

10.5

3

0.341

1.48

2.61

3.75

4.88

6.02

7.16

S

on

10.6

4

0.454

1.59

2.73

3.86

5.00

6.13

7.27

8.41

9.54

10.7

5

0.568

1.70

2.84

3.98

5.11

7.38

9.66

10.8

6

0.682

1.82

2.95

4.09

5.23

6.36

7.50

8.63

9.77

10.9

7

0.795

1.93

3.07

4.20

5.34

6.48

7.61

9.88

11.0

8

0.909

2.04

3.18

4

*>O

7.72

8.86

10.0

11.1

9

1.02

2 1fi

3.29

4.43

5.57

6.70

7 84

8 Q7

10.1

11.2

1 second-foot equals 40 California miner's inches (law of Mar. 23, 1901).

1 second-foot equals 38.4 Colorado miner's inches.

1 second-foot equals 40 Arizona miner's inches.

1 second-foot equals 7.48 United States gallons per second; equals 448.8 gallons per 

minute; equals 646,317 gallons for one day.

1 second-foot for one year (365 days) covers 1 square mile 1.131 feet, or 13.572 inches 

deep.

1 second-foot for one year (365 days) equals 31,536,000 cubic feet.

1 second-foot equals about 1 acre-inch per hour.
EXPLANATION OF DATA. 9

1 second-foot for one year (365 days) equals 724 acre-feet. 

1 second-foot for one day equals 86,400 cubic feet.

1,000,000,000 (1 United States billion) cubic feet equals 11,570 second-feet for one 

day.

1,000,000,000 cubic feet equals 414 second-feet for one 28-day month. 

1,000,000,000 cubic feet equals 399 second-feet for one 29-day month. 

1,000,000,000 cubic feet equals 386 second-feet for one 30-day momth. 

1,000,000,000 cubic feet equals 373 second-feet for one 31-day month. 

100 California miner's inches equals 18.7 United States gallons per second. 

}00 California miner's inches for one day equals 4.96 acre-feet 

100 Colorado miner's inches equals 2.60 second-feet. 

100 Colorado miner's inches equals 19.5 United States gallons per second. 

100 Colorado miner's inches for one day equals 5.17 acre-feet. 

100 United States gallons per minute eqiials 0.223 second-foot. 

100 United States gallons per minute for one day equals 0.442 acre-foot. 

1,000,000 United States gallons per day equals 1.55^econd-feet. 

1,000,000 United States gallons equals 3.07 acre-feet. 

1,000,000 cubic feet equals 22.95 acre-feet. 

1 acre-foot equals 325,850 gallons.

linch deep on 1 square mile equals 2,323,200 cubic feet. 

1 inch deep on 1 square mile equals 0.0737 second-foot per year. 

1 foot equals 0.3048 meter. 

1 mile equals 1.60935 kilometers 

1 mile equals 5,280 feet. 

1 acre equals 0.4047 hectare. 

1 acre equals 43,560 square feet. 

1 acre equals 209 feet square, nearly. 

1 square mile equals 2.59 square kilometers. 

1 cubic foot equals 0.0283 cubic meter. 

1 cubic foot of water weighs 62.5 pounds. 

1 cubic meter per minute equals 0.5886 second-foot. 

1 horsepower equals 550 foot-pounds per second. 

1 horsepower equals 76.0 kilogram-meters per second. 

1 horsepower equals 746 watts. 

1 horsepower equals 1 second-foot falling 8.80 feet. 

1J horsepower equals about 1 kilowatt. 

To calculate water power quickly: Second-feetXfall in feet=net horsepower on

water wheel realizing 80 per cent of theoretical power.

EXPLANATION OF DATA.

The data presented in this report cover the year beginning October 

1, 1915, and ending September 30, 1916. At the beginning of January 

in most parts of the United States much of the precipitation in the 

preceding three months is stored as ground water, in the form of snow 

or ice, or in ponds, lakes, and swamps, and this stored water parses off 

in the streams during the spring break-up. At the end of September, 

on the other hand, the only stored water available for run-off is 

possibly a small quantity in the ground; therefore the run-off for the 

year beginning October 1 is practically all derived from precipitation 

within that year.
10 STJEFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1916, PAET II.

The base data collected at gaging stations consist cf records of 

stage, measurements of discharge, and general information used to 

supplement the. gage heights and discharge measurements in determining the daily flow. The records of stage are obtained either from 

direct readings on a staff gage or from a water-stage recorder that 

gives a continuous record of the fluctuations. Measurenents of discharge are made with a current meter. (See Pis. I, II.) The general 

methods are outlined in standard textbooks on the measurement ,of 

river discharge.

From the discharge measurements rating tables are prepared that 

give the discharge for any stage, and these rating tables, riien applied 

to the gage heights, give the discharge from which the daily, monthly, 

and yearly mean discharge is determined.

The data presented for each gaging station in the arep covered by 

this report comprise a description of the station, a table giving results 

of discharge measurements, a table showing the daily discharge of 

the stream, and a table of monthly and yearly discharge and run-off.

If the base data are insufficient to determine the daily discharge, 

tables giving daily gage heights and results of discharge measurements are published.

The description of the station gives, in addition tc statements 

regarding location and equipment, information in regard to any conditions that may affect the constancy of the stage-dischf.rge relation, 

covering such subjects as the occurrence of ice, the use of the stream for 

log driving, shifting of control, and the cause and effect of backwater; it gives also information as to diversions that decrease the 

flow at the gage, artificial regulation, maximum and minimum 

recorded stages, and the accuracy of the records.

The table of daily discharge gives, in general, the discharge in 

second-feet corresponding to the mean of the gage heights read each 

day. At stations on streams subject to sudden or rapid diurnal 

fluctuations the discharge obtained from the rating table f.nd the mean 

daily gage height may not be the true mean discharge for the day. 

If such stations are equipped with water-stage recorders the mean 

daily discharge may be obtained by averaging discharge at regular 

intervals during the day or by using the discharge integrator, an 

instrument operating on the principle of the planimeter and containing as an essential element the rating curve of the station.

In the table of monthly discharge the column headed "Maximum" 

gives the mean flow for the day when the mean gage height was 

highest. As the gage height is the mean for the day it does not 

indicate correctly the stage when the water surface was at crest 

height and the corresponding discharge was consequent^ larger than 

given in the maximum column. Likewise, in the column headed 

"Minimum" the quantity given is the mean flow for tl <*. day when
U. 8. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 432 PLATE

A. PRICE CURRENT METERS.

B. TYPICAL GAGING STATION.
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 432 PLATE II

Us*

A. STEVE NS. B. GURLEY PRINTING.

. WATER-STAGE RECORDERS.

C. FRIEZ.
.ACCURACY CF FlELt> DATA. 11

the mean gage Jieight was lowest. The column headed " Mean " is the 

average flow in cubic feet for each second during the month. On this 

average flow computations recorded in the remaining columns which 

are defined on page 6, are based.

The deficiency table presented for some of the gaging stations 

showa the number of days in each year on which the mean daily 

discharge was less than the discharge given in the table. By subtraction the table gives the number of days each year that the mean 

daily discharge was between the discharges given in the table and, 

also by subtraction, the number of days that the mean daily discharge 

was equal to or greater than the discharge given. . If one discharge 

rating table was used throughout the period covered by the deficiency 

table, gage heights that correspond to the discharges are also given. 

For convenience the theoretical horsepower per foot of fall corresponding to the discharge is given in the table on page 8. In us.'ng the 

table for studies of power, allowance should be made for the various 

losses, the most important being wheel Loss and head loss.

ACCURACY OF FIELD DATA AND COMPUTED RESULTS.

The accuracy of stream-flow data depends primarily (1) on the 

permanence of the stage-discharge relation and (2) on the accuracy of 

observation of stage, measurements of flow, and interpretation of 

records.

A paragraph in the description of the station or footnotes added to 

the tables gives information regarding the (1) permanence of the 

stage-discharge relation, (2) precision with which the discharge rating 

curve is defined, (3) refinement of gage readings, (4) frequency of 

gage readings, and (5) methods of applying daily gage heights to the 

rating table to obtain the daily discharge. 1

For the rating tables "well defined" indicates, in general, that the 

rating is probably accurate within 5 per cent; "fairly well de%ied," 

within 10 per cent; "poorly defined," within 15 to 25 per cent. 

These notes are very general and are based on the plotting of the 

individual measurements with reference to the mean rating curve.

The monthly means for any station may represent with "high, accuracy the quantity of water flowing past the gage, but the figures 

showing discharge per square mile and depth of run-off in inches 

may be subject to gross errors caused by the inclusion of large noncontributing districts in the measured drainage area, by lack of 

information concerning water diverted for irrigation or oth^.r use, 

or by inability to interpret the effect of artificial regulation of the 

flow of the river above the station. "Second-feet per square mile" 

and "Run-off (depth in inches)" are therefore not computed if such

1 For a more detaQed discussion of the accuracy of stream-flow data see Grover, N. C.f and FV>yt, J. C., 

Accuracy of stream-flow data: U. S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 400, pp. 53-59,1916.
12 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART II.

errors appear probable. The computations are also omitted for 

stations on streams draining areas in which the annual rainfall is less 

than 20 inches. All figures representing "second-feet per square 

mile" and "run-off (depth in inches)" previously published by the 

Survey should be used with caution because of possible inherent 

sources of error not known to the Survey.

The table of monthly discharge gives only a general idea of the 

flow at the station and should not be used for other than preliminary 

estimates; the tables of daily discharge allow more detailed studies 

of the variation in flow. It should be borne in mind, however, that 

the observations in each succeeding year may be expected to throw 

new light on data previously published.

COOPERATION.

Special acknowledgments are due for financial assistance rendered 

by the following corporations and individuals: Virginia Railway & 

Power Co., Alabama Geological Survey, Division of Drainage Investigations of the United States Department of Agriculture, Tallassee Power Co., Central Georgia Power Co., Columbu^1 Power Co., 

Georgia Railway & Power Co., Juliette Milling Co., and J. M. Middlebrooks, sr.

DIVISION OF WORK.

The data for the stations in the James and Roanoke drainage 

basins were collected and prepared for publication under the direction of G. C. Stevens, district engineer, assisted by H. J. Dean, H. W. 

Fear, Lasley Lee, and B. L. Hopkins.

The data for all drainage basins south of Roanoke River were 

collected and prepared for publication under the direction of Warren 

E. Hall, district engineer, assisted by B. J. Peterson, M. R. Hall, 

B. M. Hall, jr., E. L. Williams, B. L. Hopkins, and Miss E. M. Tiller.

The manuscript was assembled and reviewed by B. J. Peterson 

and E. L. Williams.

GAGING-STATION RECORDS.

JAMES RIVER BASIN. 

JAMES RIVER AT BUCHANAN, VA.

LOCATION. At highway bridge near Chesapeake & Ohio Railway station at Buchanan, 

Botetourt County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 2,060 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. August 18, 1895, to September 30, 1916.

GAGE. Chain gage attached to highway bridge, installed Noveml er 21, 1903, to 

replace original wire gage read from August 18, 1895, to that date; read once 

daily by D. D. Booze for United States Weather Bureau. Datum of gage lowered 2 

feet April 3, 1897, to avoid negative readings. A span of the bridge and the 

gage were destroyed by flood on the night of March 27, 1913. A temporary 

gage was used from April 22 to September 15, 1913, when a new chain gage was 

installed.
JAMES RIVER BASIN. 13

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of two-span highway 

bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL, Bed under bridge is composed of rock over! Tin with 

a thick deposit of mud. Banks high; not overflowed except in extreme floods. 

Control of boulders and gravel several hundred feet below station. P ^age-discharge relation not permanent.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 12.0 feet October 

1 and December 30 (discharge, 28,800 second-feet); minimum stage, 2.2 feet September 12-28 (discharge, 450 second-feet).

1895-1916: Maximum stage recorded, 31.0 feet during the night of March 27, 

1913 (determined by levels from flood marks Oct. 2, 1914; discharge not 

determined); minimum stage, 1.2 feet (present gage datum), April 17 and May 

2, 1896 (discharge, 260 second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation occasionally affected by ice for short periods

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent during year; not affected 

by ice. Rating curve well defined below and fairly well defined above 4,000 

second-feet. Gage read to tenths once daily. Daily discharge ascertained by 

applying daily gage heights to rating table. Records fair.

COOPERATION. Since July 15, 1906, gage-height records have been furnished by 

United States Weather Bureau.

The following discharge measurement was made by Dean and Fear: 

June 20, 1916: Gage height, 3.80 feet; discharge, 2,150 second-feet.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of James River at Buchanan, Va., for the yeir ending

Sept. SO, 1916.

Day.

1. .............

2. .............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7. .............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12. .............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24.".............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

28,800

12,700

7,640

5,290

4,560

5,290

4,560

3,450

2,500

2,170

1,720

1,460

1,340

1,220

1,110

1,110

1,110

1,010

1,010

1,010

910

910

910

820

820

820

820

730

730

730

730

Nov.

650

650

650

650

650

650

650

580

580

580

580

580

580

580

580

580

580

580

580

580

580

580

580

580

580

580

580

580

580

580

Dec.

580

580

580

580

580

580

580

580

580

580

580

580

580

580

580

580

580

820

9,320

5,540

3,880

2,860

2,170

1,860

1,590

1,590

2,170

2,500

5,290

28,800

7 win

Jan.

7,100

5,040

4,100

3,250

2,860

2,680

2,680

3,450

3,050

2,170

2,330

11,700

7,100

4,560

4,100

2,860

2,500

2.170

2,010

2,010

1,860

1,860

1,720

1,720

1,590

1,590

1,460

1,460

1,460

7,100

5,290

Feb.

5,040

7,100

5,290

4,800

4,560

4,560

4,330

4,100

3,880

3,660

3,450

3,250

3,050

2,860

2,680

2,680

2,500

2,500

2,330

2,330

2,170

2,170

2,010

2,010

3,660

8,480

6,060

4,800

4,100

Mar.

3,450

3,050

3,250

3,450

3,250

3,050

4,100

5,040

3,660

3,450

3,250

3,050

2,860

2,680

2,500

2,330

2,170

2,170

2,010

2,010

1,860

1,860

1,720

1,720

1,720

1,720

1,720

2,330

5,800

4,560

Apr.

2,500

2,330

2,330

2,170

2,170

2,860

2,500

2,500

3,250

4,330

8,480

6,840

5,540

4,800

4,330

3,660

3,050

2,680

2,330

2,010

1,860

1,860

1,720

1,590

2,010

2,500

2,330

2,170

2,170

2,010

May.

1,860

1,860

1,720

1,720

1,720

1,590

1,590

1,460

1,460

1,340

1,340

1,220

1,220

1,110

1,110

1,010

1,010

910

910

820

820

730

730

1,460

1,460

1,340

1,340

1,220

1,220

1,220

1,110

June.

1,110

1,110

1,110

1,110

1,010

1,010

1,010

1,110

1,340

1,590

2,500

2,170

1.340

1,110

1,220

1,460

3,880

2,500

2,170

1,860

1,720

1,590

1,460

1,340

1,340

1,340

1,220

1,220

1,220

1,110

July.

1,460

1,340

1,340

1,220

1,220

1,110

1,110

1,010

1,010

1,110

1,110

1,220

1,220

1,220

1,460

2,170

5,800

4,560

4,330

4,100

3,880

3,880

6,060

4,330

4,330

3,660

2,860

2,170

1,860

1,590

1,460

Aug.

1,460

1,460

1,460

1,340

1,340

2,330

2,330

2,330

2,170

2,010

2,010

1,860

2,010

1,460

,1,460

1,460

2,170

1,590

1,460

1,340

1,220

1,220

1,110

1,110

1,110

1,010

910

820

820

730

730

Sept.

650

650

580

580

580

580

580

510

510

510

510

450

450

450

450

450

450

450

450

450

450

450

450

450

450

450

450

450

910

820
14

Monthly di

SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART II.

of James River at Buchanan, Va., for the year endir^ Sept. 30,1916. 

[Drainage area, 2,060 square miles.]

Month.

April..........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

28.800 

650 

28,800 

11,700 

8,480 

5,800 

8,480 

1,860 

3,880 

6,060 

2,330 

910

28,800

Minimum.

730 

580 

580 

1,460 

2,010 

1,720 

1,590 

730 

1,010 

1,010 

730 

450

450

Mean.

3,160 

696 

2,760 

3,380 

3,810 

2,870 

3,030 

1,280 

1,510 

2,430 

1,480 

521

. 2,240

Per 

square 

mile.

1.53 

.289 

1.34 

1.64 

1.85 

1.39 

1,47 

.621 

.733 

1.18 

.718 

.253

1.09

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.76 

.32 

1.54 

1.89 

2.00 

1.60 

1.64 

.72 

.82 

1.36 

.83 

.28

14.76

JAMES RIVER AT CARTERSVILLE, VA.

LOCATION. At highway bridge between Pemberton and Cartersvilie, Cumberland 

County, about 50 miles above Richmond. Willis River enters from the south 

about a mile above station, and Rivanna River from the north abo"?t 7 miles above.

DRAINAGE AREA. 6,230 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. January 1,1899, to September 30, 1916.

GAGE. Chain on downstream side and near Cartersville end of Indge; read by 

B. W. Palmore. Wire gage used previous to July 24, 1903.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed composed of rocks and sand; shifts somewhat during 

floods. Banks high; left bank is overflowed at a stage of about 20 feet.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 1F.4 feet at 6 p. m. 

October 2 (discharge, 59,000 second-feet); minimum stage, 0.98 foot at 10 a. m. 

September 23 and 29 (discharge, 1,260 second-feet.)

1899-1916: Maximum stage recorded, 26.7 feet at 6 p. m. December 30, 1901 

(dischargeapproximately 106,000 second-feet); minimum stage, 0.5 foot October 3, 

1914 (discharge, 800 second-feet). A discharge of 603 second-fcet (gage height 

0.42 foot) was measured September 8, 1897, but gage-height record corresponding to this measurement is probably subject to error.

ICE. Ice forms only during severe winters, but stage-discharge relation is seldom 

affected thereby.

ACCURACY. Discharge measurements made subsequent to Septerrber 30 indicate 

that stage-discharge relation changed after June, 1915. This change probably 

occurred during the high water of October 2, 1915. Rating curve based on measurements made subsequent to September 30, and also in previous years, was 

used for the current year; it is well denned between 1,300 and 40,000 secondfeet and is extended for high stages. Stage-discharge relation not affected by 

ice during year. Gage read to hundredths twice daily. Daily discharge ascertained by applying mean daily gage heights to rating table. Owing to lack of 

reliable discharge measurements during year, records are fair.

The following discharge measurement was made by Dean and Fear: 

June 19, 1916: Gage height, 6.52 feet; discharge, 12,600 second-foet. A study of 

area and mean velocity curves for the station indicates that the discharge obtained 

is probably in error and no weight has been given this measurement in the computation 

of daily discharge.
ROANOKE KIVEK BASIN. 15

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of James River at Cartersville, Fo., for the yew ending

Sept. SO, 1916.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7. .............

S. .............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16. .............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30

31..............

Oct.

4,390

57,200

47,400

20,900

18,300

12,800

11,400

11,400

7,870

6,870

5,460

4,810

4,600

4,190

3,790

3,590

3,400

3,210

3,020

3,400

3,790

4,190

4,190

3,790

3,400

2,830

3,210

2,830

2,650

2,650

2,650

Nov.

2,300

2,130

2,300

2,300

2,130

2,040

2,300

2,040

2,040

2,040

2,040

2,040

1,880

1,960

1,880

1,880

1,880

1,880

2,470

6,870

8,920

7,110

5,690

4,810

4,390

3,590

3,400

3,210

3,020

2,650

Dec.

2,650

2,830

2,470

2,470

2,300

2,300

2,130

2,300

2,300

2,130

1,880

1,880

1,960

1,960

2,040

2,130

2,130

2,300

2,830

4,390

11,100

7,610

5,460

5,020

4,810

5,020

5,240

5,920

7,610

24,000

33,700

Jan.

21,600

13,700

10,600

10,000

7,870

6,870

6,150

5,690

5,460

5,920

6,390

8,920

9,730

17,400

13,400

10,600

8,390

7,360

5,920

5,460

5»240

5,020

4,810

4,600

4,390

4,190

4,190

3,990

3,790

3,990

5,690

Feb

6,390

11,700

18,600

20,600

17,100

15,500

11,700

10,600

9,730

10,600

9,460

8,390

7,870

7,110

7, 110

6,630

6,630

6,630

6,390

5,920

5,460

5,240

4,810

4,810

12,500

13,700

16,400

13,400

10,600

Mar.

8,650

7,870

7,870

8,390

8,390

9,460

8,920

8,650

8,390

9,190

8,920

8,390

6,630

6,150

5,690

5,460

5,240

5,020

4,810

4,600

4,190

4,390

4,600

4,390

4,390

4,600

5,460

21,300

17, 100

17,700

18,300

Apr.

12,200-

10,300

8,390

8,130

7,360

7,360

7,110

8,390

12,000

12,000

11,100

11,100

12,200

11,700

10,600

10,000

9,190

7,360

6,390

5,920

5,460

5,240

5,020

5,020

5,020

5,240

5,020

5,240

5,690

May.

5,460

5,020

4,810

5,020

5,460

6,390

7,360

6,390

5,690

4,190

3,790

3,590

3,400

3,210

3,020

2,650

3,210

3,210

2,650

2,470

2,470

2,130

2,300

3,210

3,590

3,210

3,020

2,650

3,210

3,990

3,440

June.

2,830

2,470

2,470

2,470

2,130

1,880

3,990

4,810

7,870

9,460

7,610

5,020

4,600

4,390

3,990

35,200

30,300

22,000

14,600

10,000

7,870

8,390

6,390

4,810

7,610

6,390

4,810

5,020

7,110

4,390

July.

5,630

6,870

5,920

4,810

5,020

3,020

3,020

2,650

2,830

2,830

5,020

8,650

4,390

4,190

3,790

3,590

3,400

15,500

19,300

12,200

10,600

9,460

9,730

12,200

30,300

29,600

22,000

13,100

10,600

10,000

7,610

Aug.

6,150

5,460

4,810

4,810

4,810

5,020

10,600

9,460

8,650

7,610

7,360

7,110

7,870

6,630

5,020

4,600

4,190

4,600

4,190

4,190

4,190

3,400

3,790

3,210

3,210

3,790

2,830

2,830

2,830

2,470

2,300

Sept.

1,860

1,820

1,890

1,860

1,760

1,390

1,600

1,890

1,760

1,650

1,530

1,410

1,500

1,410

1,500

2,470

1,990

1,600

1,810

1,980

" 1,790

1,600

1,290

1,490

1,410

1,450

1,440

1,340

1,290

1,440

of James River at Cartersville, Va.,for the year ending Sept. 30, 1916. 

[Drainage area, 6,230 square miles.]

Month. '

March. ..

April..........................................

 May...........................................

July...........................................

The year ........... ...................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

57,200 

8,920 

33,700 

21,600 

20,600 

21,300 

12,200 

7,360 

35,200 

30,300 

10,600 

2,470

57,200

Minimum.

2,«50 

1,880 

1,880 

3,790 

4,810 

4,190 

5,020 

2,130 

1,880 

2,650 

2,300 

1,290

1,290

Mean.

8,840 

3,110 

5,250 

7,660 

10,100 

8,160 

8,050 

3,880 

8,030 

9,280 

5,100 

1,640

6,580

Per 

square 

mile.

1.42 

.499 

.843 

1.23 

1.62 

1.31 

1.29 

.623 

1.29 

1.49 

.819 

.263

1.06

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.64 

.56 

.97 

1.42 

1.75 

1.51 

1.44 

.72 

1.44 

1.72 

.94 

.29

14,40

ROANOKE RIVER BASIN. 

ROANOKE RIVER AT ROANOKE, VA.

LOCATION. At Walnut Street highway bridge in Roanoke, Roanoke County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 388 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. July 10, 1896, to July 15, 1906; May 7, 1907, to September

30, 1916. 

GAGE. Chain on downstream side of Walnut Street Bridge; read by employees of

'Boanoke Railway & Electric Co. Wire gage used previous to November 28,1903.
16 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART II.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of Walnut Street Bridge 

or from Jefferson Street Bridge, about one-third mile above. Measurement of 

overflow from Crystal Spring, which enters river between the tw> bridges, is added 

when discharge measurements are made at Jefferson Street Bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed composed of coarse gravel and small boulders. Banks 

may be overflowed at extreme flood stages. Control, loose boulders; shifts slightly.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 6.9 feet at 8.30 

a. m. October 1 (discharge, 6,820 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 0.58 

foot January 15 (discharge, 61 second-feet).

1896-1916: Maximum stage recorded, 14.34 feet August 6, 1901 (discharge, 

16,900 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, zero on morning of December 23; 

1909, when flow was retarded by freezing (practically no water f owing).

ICE. Ice seldom forms at station, but flow is sometimes retarded by freezing of 

headwaters.

ACCURACY Stage-discharge relation changed during high water July 16. Rating 

curves used October 1 to July 16 and July 17 to September 30 are each fairly well 

defined below 2,000 second-feet, but definition is doubtful at high stages owing 

to lack of discharge measurements. Stage-discharge relation apparently not 

affected by ice during year. Abnormally low discharge on December 15 and 

January 18 probably due to retardation of flow by freezing ir the headwaters. 

Gage read to half-tenths or quarter-tenths once daily. Daily discharge ascertained by applying mean daily gage heights to rating table. Records fair.

COOPERATION. Gage-height records furnished by Roanoke Railway & Electric Co., 

J. W. Hancock, general manager.

The following discharge measurement as made by Dean and Fear: 

June 21, 1916: Gage height, 1.15 feet: discharge, 221 second-feet.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, ofRoanoke River at Roanoke, Va.,for th? year ending Sept.

30, 1916.

Day.

1... ...........

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

6,820

1,930

870

647

756

793

756

719

578

450

381

354

328

282

282

261

421

450

304

481

381

328

282

282

282

241

241

241

204

204

204

Nov.

204

187

171

171

171

171

171

171

171

171

171

171

171

155

171

171

171

171

512

481

354

282

241

241

222

204

187

171

171

171

Dec.

171

171

171

171

171

171

155

155

155

155

155

140

155

171

61

187

481

2,410

4,660

1,050

719

578

545

481

381

950

647

578

870

2,050

1,200

Jan.

719

756

647

512

421

450

512

870

683

612

719

832

756

647

545

545

512

269

365

392

365

365

392

338

290

290

290

290

314

481

4.<tf\

Feb.

481

1,300

2,510

1,420

1,000

870

793

683

612

578

512

481

450

421

421

421

365

365

338

338

314

290

290

338

4,120

1,470

1,050

719

578

Mar.

578

545

545

512

545

512

512

512

450

421

392

392

381

365

349

338

300

314

282

269

300

282

269

256

256

300

365

114.

290

282

Apr.

256

256 *265

256

256

290

324

360

450

481

756

719

647

545

450

392

376

338

309

290

277

290

277

265

265

265

265

256

248

237

May.

226

218

211

211

226

226

211

201

184

177

177

168

168

158

168

152

152

152

146

146

137

137

191

290

218

191

237

146

146

146

146

June.

137

123

137

211

146

137

184

201

248

237

191

184

152

137

152

450

376

256

218

191

218

545

162

146

381

450

300

230

392

177

July.

177

162

282

162

146

132

117

112

117

1,810

870

578

349

282

481

4,660

3,980

1,540

1,030

654

488

770

770

459

430

351

770

770

430

351

302

Aug.

270

618

488

366

850

770

690

618

430

376

550

1,130

376

366

288

317

895

430

351

288

257

244

235

227

227

519

257

235

215

376

158

Sept.

151

151

142

142

142

132

125

125

125

125

120

103

103

120

132

158

125

98

93

86

98

103

98

98

98

98

93

93

235

235
ROANOKE RIVER BASIN. 17

Monthly discharge of Roanoke River at Roanoke, Fa., for the year ending Sept. 30, 1916. 

[Drainage area, 388 square miles.J

Month.

March.........................................

April..........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

August ........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

6,820 

512 

4,660 

870 

4,120 

578 

756 

290 

545 

4,660 

1,130 

235

6,820

Minimum.

204 

155 

06! 

0269 

290 

256 

237 

137 

123 

112 

~ 158. 

86

61

Mean.

669 

212 

649 

504 

812 

378 

355 

183 

236 

759 

433 

125

443

Per

square 

mile.

1.72 

.546 

1.67 

1.30 

2.09 

.974 

.915 

.472 

.608 

1.96 

1.12 

.322

1.14

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage

area).

1.98 

.61 

1.92 

1.50 

2.25 

1.12 

1.02 

.54 

.68 

2.26 

1.29 

.36

15.53

o Low minimum discharge probably due to retardation of flow by freezing in headwater;. 

ROANOKE RIVER AT OLD G AST ON, N. C.

LOCATION. At bridge of Roanoke Railway Co. at Old Gaston, Northamptor County, 

about three-fourths mile below mouth of Indian Creek, 1J miles north of Thelma, 

and 2J miles above mouth of Deep Creek.

DRAINAGE AREA. 8,350 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. December 7, 1911, to September 30, 1916.

GAGE. Chain gage attached to outside of guard timber on downstream side of second 

span from right end of deck-plate girder railroad bridge of Roanoke Railway Co.; 

read by R. A. Howell.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of bridge to which gage is 

attached. Measuring section broken by 11 bridge piers.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Channel fairly permanent; point of control, aboM t a mile 

below gage, is of rock and probably permanent. Left bank subject tc overflow 

in extreme floods, but a fair determination can be made of the overflow discharge 

around the bridge.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 10.4 feet February 

5 (discharge, 68,000 second-feet;) minimum stage, 1.0 foot September 11 (discharge, 900 second-feet).

1911-1916: Maximum stage recorded, 16.6 feet at 7 a. m. March 18, 1912 (dis-" 

charge, 210,000 second-feet); minimum stage, 0.95 foot at 6 a. m.' Octofcer 1, 1914 

(discharge, 790 second-feet).

Flood of 1877 highest known in this locality. No definite ma^ks preserved at 

Old Gaston, but from authentic information regarding the crest height af observed 

in 1877 thfe approximate height has been determined as about 19 feet r3ferred to 

present gage datum. The corresponding discharge is about 275,000 second-feet.

ICE. Ice sometimes forms to considerable thickness at this station, but the stagedischarge relation-is seldom affected thereby.

REGULATION. During periods of low water variations in flow, probably due to the 

weekly (Sunday) shutdown of large power plants farther upstream, are observable 

at power plants at Roanoke Rapids and Weldon on the following Tiesday or 

Wednesday. 

16,237° 18 wsp 43? 2
18 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART II.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent; not effected by ice. 

Rating curve well defined below 33,300 second-feet, and fairly well defined to 

180,000 second-feet. Gage read to half-tenths once daily. Daily discharge ascertained by applying daily gage heights to rating table. Records excellent.

The following discharge measurement was made by H. W. Fear: 

June 22, 1916: Gage height, 2.91 feet; discharge, 6,730 second-feet.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, ofRoanake River at Old Gaston, N. C.,fo- the year ending

Sept. 30, 1916.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30.............. 

31..............

Oct.

3,160

5,160

40,600

35,100

11,900

10,900

17,900

23,600

17,200

13,000

9,960

7,280

8,130

7,280

5,700

8,130

4,800

4,290

4,120

3,310

3,000

5,340

8,130

6,470

6,080

5,700

5,160

4,460

4,120

4,120 

3,630

Nov.

3,310

2,690

3,160

3,000

2,390

1,850

3,310

3,160

3,310

2,690

1,980

1,480

2,540

3,000

3,160

4,120

3,800

4,120

14,700

9 4QO

7,280

6,470

3,470

3,000

1,850

1,240

3,470

Dec.

3,310

4,120

3,630

3:, 470

3,630

3,470

3,630

3,310

3,470

3,310

3

0lA

2,690

2,840

1,600

1,850

3,470

4

OQA

4,800

36,900

19,200

14,200

S ftofl

3,470

3

91 A

5,700

6,080

7 700

15' 300 

40,600

Jan.

9O Oftfl

14,200

10,900

9,490

9,020

8 ion

8,130

8,130

10,400

9,960

9,020

8

19A

9,020

9 Qftft

9,020

8 Tai

9,020

8 IDA

7,280

6,470

6,470

5,340

5,700

5,700

3,470

6,870

6,470

5,700

5,700

6,470 

6,470

Feb.

6,470

9,020

50,300

63,100

68,000

26,600

16,600

10,900

9,960

8,130

6,470

8,130

6,470

9,020

9,020

6,470

7,280

7,700

7 9SZfl

6,870

6,470

6,080

6,870

11,900

19,900

13,000

10 400

."..'."..

Mar.

6,870

8 IDA

9,020

9,960

7,700

9,020

7,700

6,870

6,470

5,700

4,630

6,470

6,080

4,290

5

OJA

5,700

5 340

4,' 630

5,340

4,630

4,290

4,630

5,340

5,340

4,290

3 91 A

3,160

6,470

9,020 

7,700

Apr.

6,870

4 980

4)l20

t ofin

3 1 ftn

5 340

9 QAA

10,900

14,700

14,200

19 *lfifi

11,400

10,900

8,130

8,570

6,470

5,700

4,800

3,800

3 O.1O

3,630

3 960

4' snft

4 460

4^800

4,460

4,800

3,630

3 960

4,460

May.

4,290

3,630

4,290

4,800

4 980

3,630

3,310

8,570

7,700

6,470

5,160

3 630

3' 160 3 sin

3,000

6,470

3

01 A

i tin

2,110

3

91 A

3,000

27,400

41,600

9,020

5,700

7,700 

12,500

June.

11 400

9*020

6,470

3,160

3 91 A

3,960

6,470

16,600

21,400

19,900

9 Qfifl

6,870

4,980

4 980 6,470

10,900

KQ QAft

36,900

13,000

11,400

8,570

9 490

6',470

8,130

9,020

7,280

6,080

4,460

4,980

5,340

J-ly.

4.980

4,980

9,490

8 130

7)280

5,700

4,460

4'. 290

l',850

2)690

2,840

2,690

9,960

7,700

7,280

3 960

4.120

14.200

24-300

9 020

8 130

8 130

10,900

11.900

28 200

36 900

35,100

21,400

15,300 

10,900

Aug.

7,280

6,470

5,340

10,400

11 400

11,900

15,900

14,200

7,280

S T^ft

7 9Sft

7,280

9,490

9,020

8,130

6,470

6,470

9,490

8,570

7,280

8,130

4,630

3

QAA

3,630

7 9fifl

7,700

4,290

3,800

3

9in

3,310 

3,800

Sept.

3 47ft

3,470

3 91 A

2,840

3,470

3,000

2,540

2,840

1,360

900

1 480

2, 690

1 SW

1,360

2,840

2 AQO

2,840

2 ftQft

2,110

2,840

2

9QA

2,250

2,540

2

QQA

2,250

2

fun

2,110

1,600

1,720

Monthly discharge ofRoanake River at Old Gaston, N. C., for the year ending Sept. SO, 1916. 

[Drainage area, 8,350 square miles.]

Month.

*

March..........................................

May.................... ........................

July............................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

40,600 

14,700 

40,600 

38,800 

68,000 

9,960 

14,700 

41,600 

53,300 

36,900 

15,900 

3,470

68,000

Minimum.

3,000 

1,240 

1,600 

3,470 

5,340 

3,160 

3,160 

2,110 

3,160 

1,850 

3,310 

900

900-

Mean.

9,600 

3,810 

7,880 

8,890 

14,800 

6,100 

6,560 

7,400 

11,000 

11,100 

7,470 

2,440

8,080

Per 

square 

mile.

1.15 

. .456 

.944 

1.06 

1.77 

.731 

.786 

.886 

1.32 

1.33 

.895 

.292

.968

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.33 

.51 

1.09 

1.22 

1.91 

.84 

.88 

1.02 

1.47 

1.53 

1.03 

.33

13.16
SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PAET II. 19

PEEDEE RIVER BASIN. 

TADKIN RIVER AT DONNAHA, N. C.

LOCATION. At toll bridge in Donnaha, Forsyth County, on road between I ranaha 

and East Bend, about a quarter of a mile west of Donnaha railroad station and 

6 miles downstream from mouth of Ararat River, which enters from the left; 

about 60 miles upstream from gaging station at Salisbury, N. C.

DRAINAGE AREA. 1,600 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. April 11, 1913, to September 30, 1916.

GAGE. Vertical gage in four sections on left bank 150 feet downstream from left 

end of toll bridge; read by J. F. Goolsby.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from three-span toll bridge with two piers in 

stream and two on banks. Bridge has steel trestle approaches at both ends. 

Flood water confined under bridge except during floods above a stage of about 

28 feet.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed composed of sand and bedrock; probably permanent. 

Current slightly obstructed by two old steel trusses lying about 150 and 400 feet, 

respectively, below bridge; obstruction probably permanent. Control, a rock 

ledge extending across river and forming a shoal about 450 feet below gage.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage during year, 40.0 feet at 8 a.m. July 16, 

estimated by observer who measured from flood marks down to water surface at 

a lower stage (discharge not determined); minimum stage, 5.3 feet at 8 a.m. and 

6 p.m. October 25 to 31 (discharge not determined).

1913-1916: Maximum stage recorded July 16, 1916; minimum stage, 4.65 

feet at 4 p.m. September 30, 1914 (discharge, 678 second-feet).

ICE. Never enough to affect stage-discharge relation.

DIVERSIONS. None,

REGULATION. None except for a few small milldams on tributaries.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation probably permanent, but as no currert-meter 

measurements have been made since 1914, it is not considered safe to use the 

developed rating curve. Gage read twice daily to tenths; readings not always 

accurate. Daily discharge not determined.
20 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART II.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Yadkin River at Donnaha, N. C.,for the year ending Sept.

30, 1916.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15- ----.--......

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26. .............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

10.6

7.9

6.3

5.7

6.8

8.8

7.0

6.0

5.6

5.6

5.5

5.5

5.5

5 4

5.4

5 A

5.6

5.6

5.6

5.4

5.4

5 4

5.4

K Q

5.3

5.3

5.3

5.3

5.3

Nov.

5.4

5.4

5.4

5.4

5.4

5.4

5.4

5.4

5.4

5.4

5.4

5.4

5.4

5.4

5 A

5.4

5 A

5.5

7.5

6.6

6.1

6.0

5.8

5.8

5.7

5.7

5.7

5.6

5.6

Dec.

5.5

5.5

5.5

5.4

5.4

5.4

5.4

5.4

5.4

5.4

5.4

5.4

5.4

5 A

6.6

12.8

7.8

7.0

6.1

5.8

5.6

5.6

5.5

5.5

5.4

5.6

6.8

10 rt

Jan.

6.7

6.5

6.4

6.4

6.2

6.2

6.4

6.5

6.4

6.4

6.3

6.3

6.2

6.2

ft O

6

O

6.1

6.1

6.0

6.0

5.9

5.9

6.0

6.3

6.8

*7 9

W o

7.5

7.1

6.8

7 0

Feb.

8.6

11.6

7.8

6.8

6.6

6.6

6.5

6.5

6.4

6.4

6.4

6.4

6.5

6 9

6.8

6.8

6.8

6.6

6.5

6.4

6.4

6.3

6.3

6.0

5.9

6.0

6.0

5 Q

Mar.

5.9

5.9

6.0

6.0

5.9

5.9

5.9

5.9

5.9

5.9

5.9

5.9

5.8

5.8

5.8

5.8

5.8

5.8

5 7

n 7

5.7

5 7

H 7

5 7

5 7

5.8

6.0

5.8

Apr.

5.8

5.8

5.8

5.7

5.7

5.7

5.7

5.7

5.6

5.6

5.6

5.6

5.6

5.6

5.6

H 7

5.8

5.8

5.7

5 6

5 6

5.6

5.6

5.5

5.5

5 5

5.5

5.5

5.5

C K

May.

5.4

5.4

5.4

5.4

5.5

5.6

5.5

5.4

5.4

5.4

5.4

5.4

5.6

7.2

5.8

5.4

5.4

5.4

5.4

K A

5.4

5.4

8.9

8.6

6.4

6.0

5.9

5.8

5.7

5.6

5.6

June.

5.5

5.6

5.8

5.?

5.8

5.6

5.6

5.6

5.6

5.9

5.8

5.8

5.7

6.2

8.4

7.6

6.2

6.0

5.9

5.6

5.5

5.6

6.1

5.8

5.6

5.6

5.5

5.6

5.5

5.5

My.

6.2

7.7

6.2

5.8

5.6

5.6

5.4

5.6

5.6

12.6

8.8

7.4

6.7

7.1

12.4

40 0

17.5

14.5

9.5

6.8

7.6

7.6

7.2

6.9

6.6

6.3

fl 9

7.2

8.5

7.8

7.4

Aug.

9.4

8.2

7.2

7.2

9.2

7.9

7.4

7.0

6.8

6.6

6.4

6.3

6.3

6.2

6.0

5.8

5.8

6.4

6.5

6.4

6.4

6.3

6.3

6.3

6.3

6.3

6.2

6.2

6.2

6.2

6 2

Sept.

6.1

5.9

5.9

5.9

5.9

5.8

5.8

5.8

5.8

5.8

5.8

5.7

5.8

6.0

7.2

6.4

6.1

5.9

5.9

5.8

5.8

5.8

5.8

5.8

5.9

6.2

6.8

6.0

YADKIN RIVER NEAR SALISBURY, N. C.

LOCATION. At highway bridge known as Piedmont toll bridge, 1,000 feet upstream 

from Southern Railway bridge 4 miles east of Spencer, 5 miles downstream from 

mouth of South Yadkin River, 6 miles east of Salisbury, Rowan County, and 

26 miles upstream from American Aluminum Co.'s hydroelectric plant near 

Whitney, N. C.

DRAINAGE AREA. 3,400 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. September 24,1895, to December 31,1909; September 1, 1911, 

to September 30, 1916.

GAGE. Standard chain gage attached to highway bridge; read by J. T. Yarbrough. 

From the date of establishment to May 31, J.899, the gage was at the Southern 

Railway bridge, and from the latter date it was at the highvay bridge until 

moved back to the railroad bridge early in 1903, where it regained until the 

end of 1905. Since January 1, 1906, the gage has been at the highway bridge 

 at the datum originally established there in 1899. The last ga^-e at the railroad 

bridge read the same as the gage at the highway bridge at gage height 3.2 feet, 

but not for higher and lower stages. Datum of the original gage at the railroad 

bridge somewhat uncertain.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from highway bridge. WhiH the gage was 

at railroad bridge most of the measurements were made from that bridge. During 

flood of July, 1916, water rose over floor of highway bridge, making it necessary 

to use railroad bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Channel wide and rather rough. Control, a rock ledge 

about 500 feet below bridge, extending entirely across river.
PEEDEE RIVER BASIN. 21

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 23.8 fret at 1 

a. m., July 18 (discharge, 121,000 second-feet); minimum stage, 2.15 feet at 7 

a. m. May 19, 20, and 21 (discharge, 2,060 second-feet).

1895-1916: Maximum stage recorded, July 18, 1916; minimum stage, 1.12 feet 

September20, October 5, November 22 and 26,1897 (discharge, 900 second-feet^.

ICE. Never enough to affect stage-discharge relation.

DIVERSIONS. None. .

REGULATION. Flow during low stages may be slightly affected by operation of power 

plants on the river and tributaries above.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent up to 20,000 secondfeet. A recent flood measurement indicates a change in flood control, dve probably to new masonry on railroad bridge 1,000 feet downstream. Rating curve 

well defined below 20,000 second-feet and fairly well defined between 20,000 

and 121,000 second-feet. Gage read to half-tenths twice daily; oftener during 

high water. Daily discharge ascertained by applying mean daily gage heights 

to rating table. Records good.

Discharge measurements of Yadkin River near Salisbury, N, C., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1916.

Date.

July 18

Made by 

B.M. Hall, jr.. ...........................................................

A

Feet. 

19.43

4.37

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

91,500

9,570

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Yadkin River near Salisbury, N. C.,for the yew ending

Sept. 30, 1916.

Day.

1..... .........

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30.............. 

31..............

Oct.

4,720

18,000

9,600

6,840

7,600

24.600

22,500

10,400

6,100

4,400

3,940

3,640

3.500

3.210

4,090

3,940

3,360

3,500

3.210

3,790

5,740

4,720

4,090

3,500 3 v\n

3,210

2,930

2,930

2,930

2,930 

2,660

Nov.

2,800~

2 540

2,540

2,540

2,410

2,410

2,660

2,660

2,410

2,410

2,410

2,410

2,410

2,660

2,930

3,210

2,930

2 660

12,000 10 enn

8,000

4,720

3,940

3,500

3,210

3,360

3,070

3,210

3,500

3,210

Dec.

2,930

2,930

2,800

2,660

2,660

2.800

2,660

2.660

2,660

2,660

2,410

2 i*n

3,070

3.360

3,070

2,800

3,210

10,800

33,800

16,600

7,600

*i 74n

4,720

4. dnn

3 CU.fl

4 4-ftfl

5,050

4,400

12,400

38,600 

25,200

Tan.

9,200

7 220

6,100

5,050

4,720

4,400

5,050

6,100

5,390

4,720

4,400

4 400 d'dfin

4,090

3,640

4,090

3

7QA

3,500

S Kflfl

3,500

3 7QTI

4,090

4 720

4,090

3 790

4 '4/10

10,000

6,460

6.460 

5,740

Feb.

6,840

33,800 ii 9ni\

29,600

in 4nn

8,000

6,840

5,740

5,740

5,050

5 n^n

4 720

d'4ftn

4,720

4 dtV\

4,090

4,090

A. ">jU\

4,090

3

7QA

3 7Qft

^ 7Qft

3,790

5,050

1*> Qflfi

10,800

6,460

5,050

4,720

Mar.

5,050

5,390

5,740

5,050

4 4/m

4,400

4

4/in

4,400

4,240

4,090

3 7on

3

RAf\

3 7Qfi

3 7Qft

^ 70ft

3 7on

3,500

^ Wl

3

ofiA

3,500

3,500

3 fi4A

3

0Aft

3,210

3

<vi n

3

KflA

^ fidft

4,090

3 640 

3,500

Apr.

3,210

3,210

3,500

4,090

4,090

4,720

4,720

6 840

8,000

6,100

4,720

4,090

3 QAA

3 7Qft

3,500

3

KAA

S pain

3 91 A

3,210

3,070

3

O-IA

3,070

3,210

3,070

3,070

3,070

3,070

2 OIA

2,930

May.

2,800

2,800

2 660

2,660

2,660

2,930

2,660

2,930

2

KAt\

2,410

2 9on

2 0Ort

2 l7fl

2,170

3 <Mft

2 930

2*660

2,410

2,170

2 i7ft

2,060

5,390

29,000

15,200

6,100

4 400

3,' 070

3

O1A

4,400 

5,050

June.

4,090

2,930

2,660

2,540

2,660

2,410

28,400

23,000

8,000

4^400

4 Af\n

5,050

4 400

5,390

|O QAA

11,200

7,600

4,400

4,090

5,740

4,090

3,210

4,720

4 240

4^090

3,210

2 sin

3,500

July.

4,400

7,600

12,400

11.200

4,090

2,800

2 540

2,660

2,410

11,600

OE 7fift

7,600

6.460

12,000

44 600

107,000

103,000

fiQ 9On

25,700

15,200

16,000

23,000

18,500

IS IUYI

12.400

17 wn

11,200

14,200

9,600 

6.840

Arc.

6,100

6840

8,000

6,460

6^840

11,200

7,600

6 840

5,740

8,000

5,740

10,400

6,840

5 "inn

4,720

8,000

6,840

5,050

4,720

4 inn

4.090

3,940

4.400

5,050

A. 4/m

3 7on

3

RAfl

3,500

6,100

7.600 

4,400

Sept.

3,790

3,500

4,090

^ inn

3,360

3,210

3,210

3,210

3,500

3,210

3,210

2,930

2,930

3,210

5

OQTI

4,090

3,210

3,070

S Ofifi

2,930

2,930

2,930

S

erin

3,210

2,800

2,660

2.660

3,790

8,000
22 SURFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1916, PART II.

Monthly discharge of Yadkin River near Salisbury, N. C., for the year ending Sept. SO,

1916.

[Drainage area, 3,400 square miles.]

Month.

January .......................................

April..........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

August ........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

24,600 

18,500 

38,600 

10,000 

54,200 

5,740 

8,000 

29,000 

28,400 

107,000 

11,200 

8,000

107,000

Minimum.

2,660 

2,410 

2410 

3,500 

3,790 

3,210 

2 930 

2,060 

2,410 

2,410 

3,500 

2,660

2,060

Mean.

6,130 

3,910 

7,270 

5,010 

9,180 

3,950 

3,860 

4,270 

6,120 

20,700 

6,000 

3,500

6,670

Per 

square 

mile.

1.80 

1.15 

2.14 

1.47 

2.70 

1.16 

1.14 

1.26 

1.80 

6.09 

1.76 

1.03

1.96

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

2.08 

1.28 

2.47 

1.70 

2.91 

1.34 

1.27 

1.45 

2.01 

7.02 

2.03 

1.15

26.71

EDISTO RIVER BASIN. 

FOUR HOLE CREEK NEAR RIDGEVUXE, S. C. *

LOCATION. At Horseford's bridge, 3£ miles west of Ridgeville, Dorchester County, 

5 miles upstream from Harley's bridge and 5J miles upstream from junction of 

creek with Edisto River.

DRAINAGE AREA. 600 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. November 16, 1914, to September 30, 1916.

GAGE. Gage No. 1, called upper gage, on left bank of creek, 200 feet downstream 

from Horseford's bridge, is a Gurley seven-day graph water-stage recorder, installed December 9,, 1915; October 6 to December 8, 1915, reference staff gage 

was read occasionally; November 18, 1914, to December 8, 1915, Gurley printing 

gage; November 16 and 17, 1914, vertical staff; all gages at same site and datum. 

Gage No. 2 is a Stevens water-stage recorder, installed January 9, 1915, on 

right bank, 150 feet downstream from Harley's bridge, and 5 iriles downstream 

from gage No. 1; datum same as gage No. 1.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from Horseford's bridge or by wading. At 

extremely high stages overflow channels are measured by wadiro: or from a boat 

and the main channel is measured from the bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bottom hard; both banks low and flat, overgrown with 

brush and trees. Below a stage of 13 feet flow is in one channel; between 13 

17 feet flow is through three channels, and at stages above 17 feet stream spreads 

and over wide swamps. Gage height of zero flow about 9.6 feet. Stage-discharge 

relation permanent below gage height 16 feet, although there is no defined control; above 16 feet stage-discharge relation is affected by backwater from Edisto 

River.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, from water-stage 

recorder No. 1, 24.75 feet at 6 p. m. July 29 (discharge, 13,400 second-feet); minimum stage, from water-stage recorder No. 1, 9.65 feet June 14 (discharge, 1 

second-foot). 

1914-1916: Maximum and minimum stages occurred in 1916.

ICE. None.

DIVERSIONS. None.
EDISTO EIVEB BASIN. 23

ACCURACY. Rating curve well defined below 540second-feet (16-foot stage). Above 

this point a well defined "normal curve" (see below) extends to 16,0*X) secondfeet. Operation of water-stage recorder No. 1 satisfactory since installation of a 

new instrument December 8, 1815. The first recorder installed dkf not operate during the period October 7 to December 8, 1915. Operation of waterstage recorder No. 2 satisfactory throughout the year except for the period 

December 27 to January 26, when the supply of record paper was exhausted.

Discharge for stages below 16 feet determined by applying mean daily gage 

heights, obtained by inspecting gage-height graph from gage No. 1, to the rating 

table. Discharge for stages above 16 feet affected by varying slope of stream 

surface due to backwater from Edisto River; discharge at such stages determined 

by "slope method." 1 Records for most of the year are good.

Discharge measurements of Four Hole Creek near Ridgeville, S. C., during the year

ending Sept. SO, 1916.

Date.

Tlor* Q

10

27

Made byWarren E. Hall.........

£&

Feet. 

12.12

11.98

14.49

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

101

86

290

Date.

July 31

A iicr 9Q

Made by 

......do.................

Gage 

height.

Fft.

1

«J 0,1

24.22

12.14

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

1Q7

12,000

94

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Four Hole Creek near Ridgeville, S. C., for the year

ending Sept. SO, 1916.

Day.

2..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

10..............

11..............

TO

1^

14..............

15..............

ie..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

38

46

88

70

50

47

46

42

38

34

30

26

30

60

88

101

101

88

82

80

88

94

108

122

138

162

170

178

178

170

162

Nov.

154

146

142

130

122

115

101

88

76

65

55

46

" 41

82

30

26

25

22

22

26

30

34

38

42

46

55

60

65

65

60

Dec.

55

56

60

70

82

94

101

108

98

88

83

122

138

138

134

130

126

134

154

178

198

225

260

290

310

310

300

340

325

250

240

Jan.

230

220

215

210

202

194

186

178

166

158

150

142

134

134

130

130

158

178

178

174

162

158

166

178

182

186

190

198

202

202

1Q8

Feb.

194

194

210

225

225

220

220

215

225

260

290

OflA

300

310

310

310

300

280

260

230

206

194

190

186

182

174

162

150

166

Mar.

190

215

370

727

766

635

539

588

720

843

927

1 040

l'070

993

849

772

682

606

520

445

400

370

325

290

260

230

202

182

162

146

134

Apr.

122

112

126

260

280

260

225

215

215

225

260

300

340

355

340

310

290

270

225

190

166

142

122

101

86

69

58

48

41

35

May.

 28

26

20

17

15

13

10

8

7

6

5

4

3

3

2

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

2

1*

1

1

1

1

1

1

June.

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

2

8

14

33

39

34

46

104

62

38

25

18

15

33

34

28

July.

21

37

34

29

28

62

104

68

47

38

58

112

154

230

4,870

6,120

4,670

7,020

7,390

6,100

8,360

3,750

3,620

4,970

6,120

6,650

7,970

10,700

13,300

13,100

12,000

Aug.

ie,400

£,890

7,440

6,020

£,380

£,220

4,780

3.940

3,190

2,550

2,090

1.890

1,900

1,920

1.790

1,600

1,250

996

781

651

460

340

260

202

166

130

98

101

138

230

250

Sept.

235

210

220

250

270

250

198

150

108

84

66

56

58

59

63

60

52

45

39

34

31

32

45

59

62

54

50

52

55

60

NOTE. Discharge determined as follows: For stages below 540 second-feet from a well-dnfined rating 

curve; Mar. 4-18 and July 15 to Aug. 20, by applying slope corrections to a fairly well defined i ormal rating 

curve, the slope corrections being accurately determined from continuous gage-height record at both 

gages. Gage No. 1 was not in operation Oct. 7-12,14-19,21-26, Oct. 28 to Nov. 2, Nov. 4-12,14-16,18-25, 

Nov. 27 to Dec. 1, and Dec. 3-8; gage heights estimated by comparison with record of gage NTo. 2; determinations of discharge for these days subject to error and should be used with caution.

i Hall, M. E., Hall, W. E., and Pierce, C. H., A method of determining the daily dischrrge of rivers 

of variable slope: U. S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply-Paper 345, p. 53,1915.
24 STTEFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART II.

Monthly discharge of Four Hole Creek near Ridgeville, S. C.,for the year ending Sept. SO,

1916.

[Drainage area, 600 square miles.]

Month.

May...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

178 

154 

340 

230 

310 

1.070 

355 

28 

104 

13,300 

10,400 

270

13,300

Minimum.

26 

22 

55 

130 

150 

134 

35 

1 

1 

21 

98 

31

1

Mean.

88.9 

67.0 

168 

177 

231 

523 

193 

6.0 

18.2 

4,120 

2,420 

100

685

T3r 

sq-iare 

mile.

0.148 

.112 

.280 

.295 

.385 

.872 

.322 

7010 

.030 

6.87 

4.03 

.167

1.14

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.17 

.12 

.32 

.34 

.42 

1.01 

.36 

.01 

.03 

7.92 

4.65 

.19

15.54

SAVANNAH RIVER BASIN. 

TALLULAH RIVER NEAR SEED, GA.

LOCATION. One-fourth mile upstream from head of Rabun Lake, 1 nrle downstream

from Bridge Creek, 5 miles north of Seed, Rabun County, 6 miles due west of

Lakemont, Ga., railroad station, and 10 miles upstream from Ralnn (or Mathia)

dam.

DRAINAGE AREA. Not measured.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. January 6, 1916, to September 30, 1916. 

GAGE. A staff gage in two sections on right bank; read by employees of Georgia

Railway & Power Co. 

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. At low and medium stages made fnra cable about

200 feet above gage; flood measurements made from suspension footbridge a

mile downstream from gage. 

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed composed of rock, sand, and gravel; rough but

permanent. Control is a ledge which extends across river and ov?r which water

drops sharply, about 250 feet downstream from gage; probably permanent. 

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 8.2 feet at 6 p. m.

July 9 (discharge, 8,,010 second-feet); minimum sMge recorded, 1.08 feet at

6 p. m. May 20 and 6 a. m. and p. m. May 21 (discharge, 200 second-feet.) 

ICE. Never enough to affect stage-discharge relation. 

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation permanent; not affected by ice. Rating curve

well defined below 5,500 second-feet. Gage read to hundredth twice daily;

oftener during high»«rater. Daily discharge ascertained by applying mean daily

gage heights to rating table. Records good.
SAVANNAH EIVER BASIN. 25

Discharge measurements of Tallulah River near Seed, Ga., during the year ending i?ept. SO,

1916.

Date.

Nov. 10

Jan. 7

Feb. 12

22

Made by 

H.L.Wills.............

H. L. Wills...........

H.L. Wills............

.....do.................

Cage 

height.

Feet.

1.88

1.85

1.60

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

248

704

661

513

Date.

Apr. 20

July 10

21

Made by 

.....do..................

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.24

5.80

2.88

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

298

4.900

1,580

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Tallulah River near Seed, Ga., for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1916.

Day.

1.. ..........................

2.............................

3...........................

4. ..........................

5...........................

6...........................

7...........................

8...........................

9...........................

10...........................

11............................

12. ....... A. ................

13...........................

14...........................

15...........................

16...........................

17...........................

18...........................

19...........................

20...........................

21...........................

22. ..........................

23. ....... ...................

24...........................

25...........................

26...........................

27...........................

28...........................

29

30...........................

31...........................

Jan.

720

685

685

650

650

685

720

1 '910 600

758

720

720

650

615

580

615

1,400

995

795

758

758

832

795

758

685

995

Feb.

1,700

2,260

1,400

1.130

995

910

795

758

832

832

758

720

685

615

615

580

580

548

548

515

515

515

580

548

515

482

515

580

Mar.

548

720

685

548

615

580

548

515

482

482

450

444

450

437

424

411

398

385

411

392

373

367

367

418

515

418

411

373

Ofil

Apr.

355

355

450

450 070

404

482

515

482

430

385

070

070

361

385

482 <H\7

355

343

343

001

319

qiQ

Ortt

301

289

OQQ

283

May.

277

271

265

265

260

254

243

248

238

232

226

221

265

226

216

210

210

216

205

200

650

2,140

870

con

450

411

482

398

331

June.

301

289

283

265

254

1,180

548

373

331

313

361

424

343

349

515

685

515

379

373

650

307

337

580

450

385

349

307

301

301

July.

355

361

313

355

- 325

265

444

3,350

6,840

4,910

3,470

2,360

1,810

1,500

1,400

3,590

2,250

1,920

2,030

1,700

1,600

1,700

1,500

1,500

1,310

1.220

1,220

1,040

1,220

995

Aug.

832

950

99fi

910

1,130

950

1,310

910

995

870

795

720

720

720

685

650

650

685

615

580

548

515

548

515

489

482

450

450

450

437

Sept.

424

430

444

418

392

385

379

379

17O

385

367

367

430

379

355

325

313

301

295

289

277

265

265

265

271

411

271

Monthly discharge of Tallulah River near Seed, Ga., for the year ending Sept. 30, 1916.

Month.

April.....................

May......................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,600 

2,360 

720 

515 

2,140

Minimum.

580 

482 

361 

283 

200

Mean.

797 

787 

474 

375 

377

Month.

July......................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,180 

6,840 

1,310

482

Minimum.

254 

265 

437 

265

Mean.

416 

1,780 

712 

352
26 SUEFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1916, PAET II.

TALLtTLAH RIVER NEAR LAKEMONT, GA.

LOCATION. One-fourth mile downstream from Rabun dam (originally called Mathis 

dam), a mile upstream from mouth of Tiger Creek, a mile upstream from Ma this 

gaging station, and 1| miles from Lakemout, Rabun County.

DRAINAGE AREA. Not measured.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. January 13 to September 30, 1916.

GAGE. A Barrett & Lawrence water-stage recorder, with 5-foot range of stage, at rockfilled log crib, originally a bridge abutment, on left bank of river; referred to 

vertical staff gage 20 feet upstream. Staff was put in October 8 1915, but operation of recorder did not begin until January 13, 1916. A number of currentmeter measurements made prior to January 13, 1916, are referred to staff gage.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from cable 5 feet downstream from gage.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed rough and rocky, necessitating careful work in making 

discharge measurements. Control is a rock shoal 50 feet downrtream from gage. 

Part of shoal is loose rock and high water in last part of 1915 changed stage-discharge relation by changing the position of these rocks.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 10.4 feet at 8.30 

p.m. July 9 (discharge, 10,900 second-feet); practically no flow at certain times 

when sluice gates at storage dam one-fourth mile upstream vere shut and no 

water passed over crest of dam.

ICE. Never enough to affect stage-discharge relation.

DIVERSIONS. None.

REGULATION. The Rabun dam, one-fourth mile upstream, makes a very large reservoir which is used solely for storage in operating the great hydroelectric plant 

7 miles downstream. Water is impounded or let loose at will of operators; consequently fluctuations are great, sudden, and frequent.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent since flood of December, 

1915. Rating curve well defined between zero and 4,000 second-feet. Operation 

of water-stage recorder not entirely satisfactory on account of poor attention by 

observer. Daily discharge ascertained by use of discharge integrator. Records 

fair except July 8 and 19, when stage was above the maximum that could be 

shown by water-stage recorder. High stages read by observer from staff gage.

Discharge measurements of Tallulah River near Lakemont, Ga. t during the period Sept.

8, 1915, to Sept. SO, 1916.

Date.

1915.

Sept. 8

Oct. 9

18 

19

20

25

Nov. 1

1

2

4

Made by 

H.L.Wills............

.....da.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do..................

.....do..................

.....do..................

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.44

.47

2.55 

4.18

3.35

2.10

3.65

2.52

3.87

3.82

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

579

17.8

598

1,050

OQQ

1, 240 -

606

1,400

1,370

Date.

1916. 

Jan. 19

22

22 

27

Feb. 1

3

21

July 11

Made by 

H.L.Wills.............

.....do..................

.....do.. ............. 

.....do..................

.....do..................

H.L.Wills...........

H.L.Wills............

Warren E. Hall. .......

&.

Feet. 

2.90

3.27

4.45 

2.85

5.22

3.86

2.42

6.10

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

853

1,090

1.960 

794

2,600

1,480

577

3,690
SAVANNAH RIVER BASIN, 27

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Tallulah River near Lakemont, Ga.,for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1916.

Day.

1.. ...........................

2............................

3............................ 4..:..........................

5............................

6............................

7............................

8............................

9............................

10............................

11............................

12............................

13............................

14............................

15............................

16............................

17............................

18............................

19............................

20............................

21............................

22............................

23............................

24............................

25............................

26............................

27............................

28............................

29............................

30............................

31............................

Jan.

1,600

986

571

751

690

672

680

571

700

1,360

1,030

810

758

854

837

835

809

759

984

Feb.

2,400

2,180

1,580

1 190

1,090

QKO

932

726

OIK

OOO

718

fiQfi

723

7nn

674

670

606

581

K7Q

580

WA

554

582

578

570

525

504

510

637

Mar.

565

728

1,050

WM

376

fff>

740

525

525

534

500 407

481

472

537

R19

689

268

KO

44*;

550

484

409

542

14 d.

419

503

OQO

476 K-fQ

615

Apr.

181

105

493

587

500

478

502

241

522

424

438

49"?

414

447 <*in

417

390

KAf\

582

735

806

284

90

412

620

636

678

720

245

80

May.

540

524

586

628

500

288

110

526

488

476

548

647

310

141

665

670

731

654

689

378

106

608

212

44

216

188

93

47

224

194

235

June.

350

588

QftC

86

693

241

451

263

324

-|*)Q

57

^41

310

278

161

68

<>QA

313

292

290

321

555

4fiA

298

411

682

fi47

July.

224

71

198

297

382

551

670

4,140

2,160

2,020

1,700

1,770

1,690

1,610

1,420

1 VX\

1.300

1,030

1,190

990

929

Aug.

SV

1,0.^0

1.0,50

9.52

9W

1,0'0

1,330

908

1,0'0

858

-774

714 7'?

732

6^2

4?*

6«

R\9 6'3

5,i7

536

535

550

5^

4'6

5HO

446

4%

413

6^

5<0

Sept.

806

624

69

540

. 904

754

392

 298

192

2

370

282

452

499

326

194

80

314

346

565

538

582

252

154

368

418

395

450

384

352

Monthly discharge of Tallulah River near Lakemont, Ga.,for the year ending Sept. 30,1916.

Month.

January 13-31........... ..

Discharge in secondfeet.

Maximum.

1,600 

2,400 

1,050 

806

Minimum.

571 

504 

52

80

Mean.

856 

836 

506 

444

Month.

May......................

Discharge in secondfeet.

Maximum.

731 

693 

1,330 

904

Minimun.

44

57 4'M 

2

Mean.

396 

342 

716 

397

TALLULAH RIVER AT MATHIS, GA.

LOCATION. 900 feet downstream from mouth of Tiger Creek, 1,000 feet from old 

Mathis post office (now discontinued), half a mile from railroad station at Lakemont, Rabun County, 1 mile downstream from Rabun dam (first called Mathis 

dam), and 5 miles upstream from Tallulah Falls.

DRAINAGE AREA. 186 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. October 31, 1912, to September 30, 1916.

GAGE. Vertical staff in eight sections on left bank 900 feet below mouth of Tiger 

Creek, installed March 27, 1913, to replace original gage, 400 feet rpstream, 

washed out March 16,1913; read 6 times daily (6 and 7 a. m., noon, 6 and 7 p. m., 

and midnight) to half-tenths, by Miles Phillips, from October 1, 1915, tc January 

12,1916; after that date read four times daily (6 a. m., noon, 6 p. m., and riidnight) 

to half-tenths by Georgia Railway & Power Co. Low-water stages hari to read 

because of silt which collects around lower sections of gage.
28 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART II.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Originally made from a rough railroad trestle 400 feet 

upstream. In October, 1916, the Georgia Railway & Power Co. erected a gaging 

cable 800 feet upstream from gage, which was used until July, 1916, when it was 

carried away by flood.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed composed of sand, gravel, and bovlders. A good 

control, which has remained permanent, is formed by a gravel and boulder shoal 

150 feet downstream from gage.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 13.0 feet at 9 

p. m. July 9, determined by wye levels from flood mark (discharge, determined from extension of rating curve, 19,300 second-feet); minirnim stage, 0.15 

foot at 6 p. m. October 9 to 6 p. m. October 10 (discharge, 79 second-feet). This 

low stage caused by shutting off water at Rabun dam.

1913-1916: Maximum stage recorded that of July 9, 1916; minimum stage, 0.1 

foot at several times during July, August, September, and October, 1915 (discharge, 73 second-feet). This low stage caused by shutting off water at Rabun 

storage dam.

ICE. Never enough to affect stage-discharge relation.

REGULATION. The operation of Rabun storage dam causes frequent and great fluctuations. It is doubtful whether the four daily gage readings give an accurate 

mean for the day.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent; not effected by ice 

during year. Rating curve well denned below 5,000 second-feet. Above that 

point curve is an extension. Diurnal fluctuations are so frequent that it is doubtful whether an accurate mean for the day is obtained. Daily discharge ascertained by applying daily mean gage heights to rating table, except for days of 

considerable fluctuation, for which it was ascertained by averaging discharge for 

the individual gage readings. Records subject to considerable er-or.

Discharge -measurements of Tallulah River at Mathis, Ga., during the year ending Sept.

30, 1916.

Date.

Oct. 18

21 

25

28

Made by 

H.L. Wills. ...........

.....do................. 

.....do.................

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.10

2.40 

1.70

3.98

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

833 

490

1,780

Date.

Oct. 30

Nov. 3 

Jan. 8

July 11

Made by 

H.L.Wills............

.....do................. 

Warren E. Hall........

.....do........... 

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.10

3.40 

2.32

6.28

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

254

1,430 

860

4,200
SAVANNAH RIVER BASIN. 29

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Tallulah River at Mathis, Ga.,for the year ending Sept.

80, 1916.

Day.

1..... .........

4..............

5

'

6..............

7..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15

16..............

17..............

18..... .........

19

20..............

21

22..............

OQ

24..............

25..............

26.........:.... 97

28..............

29..............

30..............

31. ...........- -

Oct.

OCR

110

iqo

479

164

261

331

403

455

448

381

394

855

354

493

619

1,130

01 jr

650

650

543

493

493

412

873

443

Nov.

627

868

820

895

883

616

184

550

1 inn

868

870

1,090

494

143

503

670

K7rt

553

196

9*7

QK

373

Oft.*

404

404

OO7

OK7

220

530

KOI

Dec,

678

760

712

324

224

558

604

753

626

701

367

256

701

670

806

816

1,150

390

548

1,140

980

870

760

705

760

760

732

1,070

9,400

1,620

768

Jan.

1,200

1,090

925

650

925

898

870

742

815

732

705

788

1,690

1 040

622.

898

7S2

760

760

650

788

1,410

944

925

898

898

925

870

870

788

1,270

Feb.

2,400

2,350

1,560

1,260

1,140

1,040

1,040

870

OOP;

898

815

788

815

760

760

760

678

678

678

678

650

650

7ft K

705

678

623

623

623

719

Mar.

678

870

1,140

464

508

650

815

623

623

623

596

596

570

570

627

727

326

199

488

641

552

511

667

328

517

KOQ

425

480

coo

714

Apr.

396

248

688

709

608

601

626

413

581

502

543

530

458

541

410

518

415

576

724

686

7A9

451

206

527

689

803

774

4.91

206

May.

587

648

606

824

682

413

233

646

740

588

655

776

428

248

822

796

686

566

693

433

206

584

474

170

314

31Q

228

172

337 01 f|

<*<sn

June.

385

656

561

202

682

352

337

393

449

215

182

447

456

398

330

238

182

493

364

426

00.4

384

605

639

518

426

384

3S5

618

7QK

July.

307

184

328

450

425

554

658

5,760

8,530

4.420

2,270

1,970

1,620

1,690

3,820 2' no

2,070

2,240

2,110

1,760

1,990

l!830

1,620

1,500

1.440

1,380

1.200

1.320

1.090

1,040

Aug.

980

1,140

1,1*0

1,(KO

l,0tt)

1,280

1,380

1,0<'0

1,140

9PO

808

870 7<'2

742

689

596

705

705 678

633

596

596

596

570

5*3

5*3

493

493

403

7ii6

576

Sept.

896

570

206

573

1,040

815

394

310

337

233

438

435

514

.518

423

287

184

439

392

668

586

686

331

220

422

494

434

505

458

446

Monthly discharge of Tallulah River at Mathis, Ga.,for the year ending Sept. SO, 1916. 

[Drainage area, 186 square miles.]

Month.

March.......... .

April..........................................

May...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,250 

1,300 

9,400 

1,690 

2,400 

1,140 

803 

824 

795 

1,380 

1,040

Minimum.

110 

85 

224 

622 

623 

199 

206 

. 170 

182 

493 

184

Mean.

498 

549 

1,010 

906 

927 

594 

544 

500 

430 

798 

475

Per 

square 

mile.

2.68 

2.95 

5.43 

4.87 

4.98 

3.19 

2.92 

2.69 

2.31 

4.29 

2.55

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

3.09 

3.29 

6.26 

5.62 

5.37 

3.68 

3.26 

3.10 

2.58 

4.95 

2.84

TIGER CREEK AT LAKEMONT, GA.

LOCATION. 100 feet from old Mathis post office, 100 feet upstream from Tallubh Falls 

Railway bridge, 600 feet downstream from Phillips's grist-mill damt 800 feet upstream from junction of creek with Tallulah River, and one-fourth mile downstream from Lakemont post office, Rabun County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 31 square miles (measured by Georgia Railway & Power Co.).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. January 11 to September 30, 1916.

GAGE. Staff gage in three sections, enamel faced, on right bank; installed by Georgia 

Railway & Power Co.; read by an employee of the power company.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from cable one-fourth mile upstream from gage, 

in front of Lakemont railroad station,
30 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART II.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed rocky and rough at gage. Under gating cable bed of 

channel is sandy and shifting, making it necessary to obtain soundings for every 

discharge measurement. Control, solid rock shoal just below gage; permanent. 

Backwater from very high floods on Tallulah River probably affects stage-discharge relation; this condition arises very infrequently, however.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage during year, approximately 7.0 feet (over 

top of gage) at 9 p. m. July 9 (discharge not determined); minimum stage, 1.3 feet 

May 10-21, June 29-30, and July 3-5 (discharge, 42 second-feet).

ICE. Never enough to affect stage-discharge relation.

DIVERSIONS. None.

REGULATION. Phillips's mill, which is infrequently operated, can cause considerable 

variation in stage. However, the gage is read only when mill is not running. As 

the pond above dam has practically no storage, the gage height? are accurate.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent; not affected by ice. 

Rating curve well denned below 600 second-feet; above this point it is an extension. Gage read to half-tenths four times daily 6 a. m., noon, f p. m., and midnight. Daily discharge ascertained by applying mean daily gage heights to rating 

table. Records good.

Discharge measurements of Tiger Creek at Lakemont, Ga., during the year ending Sept. SO,

1916.

Date.

Oct. 25

July 11

Made by 

H. L. Wills............

......do................

Gage 

height.

Feet.

1.40

3.00

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

59

55

514

Date.

July 12

19

Made by 

......do................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.44

1 QS

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

OQ7

103

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Tiger Creek at Lakemont, Ga.,for the year ending Sept.

30, 1916.

Day.

1.......... .................

3...........................

e

6...........................

7...........................

8...........................

910...........................

11...........................

12...........................

13...........................

14...........................

15...........................

16...........................

17...........................

18...........................

TQ

20...........................

21...........................

22...........................

23...........................

24...........................

25...........................

26...........................

27...........................

28...........................

29...........................

30

31...........................

Jan.

87

91

107

89

87

98

87

87

87

87

87

109

98

87

89

89

96

87

87

87

150

Feb.

291

352

179

120

109

109

109

109

109

109

91

87

. 87

87

87

87

87

87

87

87

87

87

87

91

87

87

87

89

105

Mar.

98

139

120

109

98

89

98

89

87

87

87

87

87

87

87

87

73

70

70

70

70

70

64

63

63

72

87

78

64

63

63

Apr.

63

63

84

70

70

70

77

73

70

70

70

64

63

63

63

64

64

63

63

63

63

63

63

63

63

63

63

56

56

56

May.

56

56

56

56

56

56

56

56

56

45

42

42

42

42

42

42

42

42

42

42

42

125

323

98

72

73 ' 78

78

84

63

57

June.

50

42

49

49

49

109

59

56

50

48

50

62

56

59

67

78

64

56

56

56

57

50

55

64

56

56

50

AQ

43

49

Juv.

50

64

49

42

42

42

45

979

1,030

483

339

253

192

158

329

182

163

208

230

192

352

240

201

163

163

158

141

IQR

122

Aug.

122

122

122

122

131

131

136

125

189

192

109

1OQ

109

109

109

109

107

QS

98

89

Q1

89

87

85

78

78

79

70

70

70

Sept.

70

70

70

64

57

CC

Kfi

56

VJ

70

63

57

GO

67

K7

56

" **fl

Eft

56

56

cc

56

56

56

56

59

57

57

56
AKEAMAHA EIVEE BASIN. 31

Monthly discharge of Tiger Creek at Lakemont, Ga., for the year ending Sept. 30> 1916.

[Drainage area, 31 square miles.]

Month.

April..........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

150 

352 

139 

84 

323 

109

192 

70

Minimum.

87 

87 

63 

56 

42 

42 

42 

70 

56

Mean.

94.0 

113 

83.1 

65.3 

66.5 

56.2

108 

59.7

Per 

square 

mile.

3.03 

3.65 

2.68 

2.11 

2.15 

1.81

3.48 

1.93

Run-off 

(depth in 

ir«;hes on 

drainage 

area).

2.37 

3.94 

3.09 

2.35

2.48 

2.02

4.01 

2.15

ALTAMAHA HIVES, BASIN.

OCMTJLGEE RIVER AT JtJLIETTE, GA.

LOCATION. 1 mile below Juliette railroad station, 1 mile below Juliette Cotton 

Mills, which, are on left side of river opposite Juliette, 2£ miles below mouth 

of Towaliga River, and 20 miles upstream from Macon, Ga. Ocmulgee River 

forms boundary between Jones and Monroe counties.

DRAINAGE AREA. 2,100 square miles (measured on Post Route map of Georgia).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. June 3 to September 30, 1916.

GAGE. Stevens continuous water-stage recorder on left bank of river, referred txr 

staff gage inside of concrete well.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from a cable about 150 feet upstream from gage.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed composed of sand and solid rock at section. Banks 

high; subject to overflow at about 15 feet gage height. A rock shoal half a mile 

downstream forms a control which will probably keep stage-discharge relation 

permanent.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage during year, from water-stage recorder, 

26.4 feet at 3 p. m. July 10 (discharge, 42,400 second-feet); minimum sta^e, from 

water-stage recorder, 3.07 feet at 2 p. m. June 19 (discharge, 435 second-feet); 

minimum stage due to regulation by Jackson dam.

Maximum stage of which there is any record, 32.0 feet during flood of 1886 

(approximate discharge, determined from extension of rating curve, 55,800 

second-feet). This stage was determined with wye level from marks pointed 

out by local residents and is not reliable.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation not affected by ice.

REGULATION. There is a great diurnal fluctuation from three separate sources. 

Greatest changes are caused by operation of the hydroelectric plant about 30 

miles upstream, near Jackson, Ga. Minor fluctuations are caused by operation 

of Juliette mills, a mile upstream, and the hydroelectric plant on Towalrya River 

at High Falls, about 15 miles away.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent; not affected by ice. 

Rating curve well defined below 45,000 second-feet. Operation of water-stage 

recorder satisfactory except June 19-25, when the time may be slightly in error, 

and August 4-7, when clock stopped. Daily discharge determined by use of 

discharge integrator, except June 19-25 and July 8 to August 3, for whichitwas 

ascertained by applying to rating table mean daily gage heights. Records 

excellent.
32 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY/1916, PART II.

Discharge measurements of Ocmulgee River at Juliette, Ga., during the- year ending Sept.

30, 1916.

Date.

May 15

16

July 10

Made byWarren E. Hall........

.....do..................

.....do..................

B. M. Hall, jr..........

&,

Ft. 

3.54

4.14

4.61

26. 12

Discharge.

Sec.-Ft. 

671

1,110

1,620

"41,500

Date.

July 12

14

16

Made by 

B. M. Hall, jr... .......

Warren E. Hall........

B.M. Hall, jr... .......

Warren E. Hall........

3B.

Ft. 

17.42

9.51

7.28

4.22

Discharge.

Sec.-Ft. 

21,800

7,300

3,840

1,160

a Computed from measurement made at bridge at Macon, 20 miles downstream from Juliette, 3 hours 

after crest of flood, by assuming an equal run-off per square mile at the two places. See miscellaneous 

measurements, p. 55.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Ocmulgee River at Juliette, Ga., for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1916.

Day.

1. ..............

2...............

3...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

1*3

15...............

June.

969

1,080

1,470

1,500

1,540

1,480

1,370

839

1,140

1,520

1,540

1,520

July.

1,290

846

950

1,050

1,150

2,040

6,090

9,490

23,200

40,400

34,900*

22,000

12,800

7,800

5,040'

Aug.

3,790

10, 100

15,800

3 060

3,050

2,940

2,740

2,380

2,050

2,760

3,320

Sept.

1,670

1,565

1,040

1,530

1,580

1,640

1.510

1,410

1 dAn

1,660

1,650

1,780

1,870

Day.

16...............

17...............

18...............

1Q

20...............

21...............

-22...............

23...............

24.............. .

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

90

30...............

31...............

June.

1,490

1,260

756

926

1,370

1,360

1,650

3,240

1,380

777

1,130

1,550

1,520

1,560

1,520

Jily.

4,560

P,640

14,500

11,800

11.600

1C, 900

1C, 400

10,400

«,480

£,840

7, 720

7,160

5,170

5,380

P 360

4*740

Aug.

2,600

2,190

1,920

1,470

1,000

1,220

1,480

1,450

1,450

1,470

1.400

944

1,180

1,940

2,060

Sept.

1 540

1'040

1,190

1,700

1,740

,740

,740

540

,030

,140

1,550

1,580

1,660

1,660

1,410

Monthly discharge of Ocmulgee River at Juliette, Ga.,for the year ending Sept. SO, 1916. 

[Drainage area, 2,100 square miles.]

Month.

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

3,240 

40,400 

1,740

Minimum.

839 

846 

1,040

Mean.

1,390 

9,920 

1,510

Per 

square 

mile.

0.662 

4.72 

.719

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.66 

5.44 

.80

OCONEE RIVER NEAR GREENSBORO, GA.

LOCATION. At highway bridge, 1J miles downstream from Town Creek, 4 miles upstream from mouth of Apalachee River, and 5 miles west of Greensboro, Greene 

County, on road to Madison.,

DRAINAGE AREA. 1,100 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. July 25, 1903, to September 30, 1916.

GAGE. Standard chain gage attached to bridge; read by F. M. Chambers.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed composed chiefly of sand; slightly shifting. Control 

section not known,
ALTAMAHA RIVER BASIN. 33

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 19.8 feet at 4 p. m. 

December 20 (discharge, 16,000 second-feet); minimum stage, 1.2 feet at 8 a. m. 

and 5 p. m. May 21, 5 p. m. August 31, and 5 p. m. September 27 (discharge, 256 

second-feet).

1903-1916: Maximum stage recorded, 35.4 feet August 26, 1908 (discharge not 

determined). Discharge for this stage published in Water-Supply Papers 382 and 

402, and determinations of discharge for stages above 13 feet prior to 1913, as published in previous water-supply papers, are too small, the error increasing with the 

stage; minimum stage, 0.35 foot September 18 and October 8,1911 (discharge, 172 

second-feet).

REGULATION. Considerable diurnal fluctuation upstream caused by operation of 

power plants.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation changed during spring of 1914; probably permanent after the change. Rating curve fairly well denned below 1,500 second-feet; 

above 1,500 second-feet curve is extended parallel to old curve. Ga,r?e read to 

tenths twice daily. Regulation by power plants upstream makes the mean of two 

daily readings subject to error. Daily discharge ascertained by applying mean 

daily gage heights to rating table. Records poor.

Discharge measurements ofOconee River near Greensboro, Ga., during the year ending Sept.

30, 1916.

[Made by M. R. Hall.] '

Date.

^...... ............................................. . ......................

height.

Feet. 

2.16

2.12

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

540

513

Daily discharge, in second-feet, ofOconee River near Greensboro, Ga.,for the period May 10,

1914, to Sept. 30, 1916.

Day.

1914. 

1... .........

2............

4............

5............

6............

7.. ..........

8............

10............

11............

19

13............

14............

15............

May.

788

716

825

825

716

614

June.

582

647

647

788

716

1.660

1,510

1,100

788

752

788

863

752

716

647

July.

487

518

518

582

1,300

863

901

716

716

681

681

647

582

518

487

Aug.

425

too

1,030

716

614

487

487

456

4.S7

518

863

1 isn

1,260

2,210

2,010

Sept.

395

OQC

ERA

647

KQO

456

425

395 *>QC

395

456

425

456

395

Day.

1914. 

16............

17............

is

1Q

20............

21............

22............

23............

24............

25............

26............

97

28............

29............

on

31............

May.

716

647

550

550

518

fU7

550

582

582

456

518

681

716

550

582

487

June.

fU7

518

582

518

550

550

518

518

487

518

518

518

716

647

July.

CIO

487

788

863

940

863

681

487

487

456

338

310

395

582

456

366

Aug.

QO1

716

716

716

681

716

980

863

752

681

582

518

582

647 w;

Sept.

456

518

518

518

825

980

681

518

456

582

487

456

456

487

518

16237° 18 WSP 432 3
34 SUEFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PAET II.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Oconee River near Greensboro, Ga., for the period 

May 10, 1914, to Sept. SO, 1916 -Continued.

Day.

1914-15. 

1..............

2. .............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

10

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

 ID.

19

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

1915-16. 

1............

2. ...........

3..............

4. .............

5..............

6..............

7... ...........

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18.............

19.............

20.............

21..............

22. ..........

23.............

24..............

25..

26.............

27.............

28.............

29.............

30.............

31..............

Oct.

456

 518

2,910

4.070

3,510

2,110

1,340

1,020

825

681

582

518

487

582

1,810

9,180

15,600

10,900

3,150

1,510

1,180

940

825

788

788

716

647

582

582

582

582

550

1,220

863

614

3 940

2 Q7ft

1,300

716

614

614

582

2 OCA

4 14A

1,380

901

1 060

i Qfifi

3,750

6,730

8,700

9 700

3*450

1,610

1 060

l'020

825

752

Nov.

614

647

582

518

518

518

518

582

940

1,180

1,060

940

752

863

2,970

5,600

4,850

2,910

2,210

1,910

1,660

1,260

1,060

901

752

716

752

788

1 460

5^920

716

614

614

550

550

647

550

C-f 0

614

614

7fio

681

614

681

901

1,220

OOK

614

CQ 9

825

i 3nn

1,180

1 fWl

Dec.

7,660

8,460

6,090

4,660

9,830

11,100

10,900

5,600

2,670

1,860

1,380

1,220

1,300

1,560

1,560

1,340

1,140

1,100

980

1 140 l',300-

i 3ftn

1 140

S fiQft

4,070

3,450

3 4.W

4,780

4,330

614

CQ9

550

CQ9

550

ECrt

550

407

CQ9

1,220 i Qon

1,100

681

647

681

8 460

15^700

12 600

5' 920

1,710 i ^nn

1,260

1,220

1 'o«n 140

5,110

1f\ *7flO.

13,300

Jan.

4,070

3,330

2,160

1,260

1,560

3,090

4,330

3,810

2,790

2,060

1,860

3,270

2,730

2,260

1,660

1,460

1,860

4,780

8,220

6,090

3,270

1 960

l',760

2,060

3,450

3

E>7f\

2,970

2,210

1,710

1,460

1 Oflft

11,300

2 OKA

1,510

1 ^fift

I 340

I

Qflft

1,220

1 140

1,100

1 140

1 140

1 460

l',660

1,760

I

ocft

I

orin

1,180

1,020

901

901

QSft

1 140

1,660

901

901

980

901

940

901

Feb.

2,210

4,850

4,260

2,730

2,210

2,160

1,910

1,860

1,660

1,560

1,420

1,300

1,300

1,380

1,300

1,300

1,220

1,260

1 300

i ^nn

1 ^4A

2,210

2 Qlft

2,110

1,960

"

1,300

5 040

6*450

3,570

2

O-IA

1,760

1 ^.fift

1 060

1 060

1'020

1,100

1 140

l'o60

Qcn

901

om

ooc

QOR

825

*7QC

1,510

1,610

1,260

1,020

Qfi1

2

0-1 A

Mar.

1,810

1,660

1,460

1,560

2,850

4,590

4,070

3,330

2,210

1,960

1,660

1,460

1,380

1,340

1 V\S\

1,220

1,260

1,220

1 ICft

1 140 I'oeo

1 060

l'060

1,060

1,020

1,060

1,020

1 060

1,460

3 030

3,510

2

07A

i 3sn

1,140

3 -ten

3

00A

1,660

1 34O

1

QOA

1 140

1,020

980

oni

901

ORO

C9K

Q9K

Q9E

*7QO

700

 7E.9

C9K

Qon

940

901

901

O9K

Apr.

1,060

1,060

1,060

1,060

1,060

1,020

1,060

980

901

901

901

901

901

901

825

825

825

825

7cc

788

7S fi

752

7co

716

716

716

681

647

ooc

7CO

752

7co

fio-i

OOC

OCA

Qfl1

QOC

752

*71fi

RQ1

647

647

901

901

759

CQ1

fU7

550

ECA

550

E.EA

May.

647

647

681

681

681

681

1,140

4,850

3,450

2,060

1,560

3,090

4,720

6,360

5,110

2,490

1,860

I

OCfi

1,220

1,020

940

863

ooc

901

1,220

1,140

901

863

863

901

1,220

550

550

Ac'7

4R7

A.9.7

487

456

456

425

425

425

425

JOK

49 c

425

one

00 Q

310

980

I

qnft

I

ftAfl

1 060

518

614

614

June.

1,560

1,760

"1,020

901

825

980

1,860

980

825

752

752

901

681

681

614

550

487

5.1 a

A«7

487

CCA

681

ECA

one

647

CCrt

1 ^nn

OftQ

456

000

OQK

C-1 Q

901

425

HOC

49K

4S7

E.Q9

425

qoo

qoo

July.

1,380

1,140

825

825

1.960

2 260

1,460

1.060

901

1.220

1,180

980

716

582

614

980

716

518

425

395

425

366

425

487

425

425

487

487

456

425

310

ERA

487

fi47

1 140

901

1 K-fin

1,510

2

7qr\

4,720

5,840

7 230

2

AfV\

S

con

4,460

6

c4n

5,180

3 C1A

3

AQA

3

0-IA

5,560

4,070

1,760

1 AAT\

I

OCA

3

AOA

1,220

Aug.

230

180

395

752

518

456

366

310

310

550

980

1,380

901

614

1,300

2,160

2,550

1,660

1,180

980

1,560

1,220

825

614

518

425

425

456

425

681

518

1 060

5 S40

5*840

2,370

1,760

I

Ofin

1 GfiA

1 Qfift

1 ftfin

1,610 Qsn

1.220

QCA

647

614

EQ9

550

c-l Q

4517

425

425

425

OOQ

256

Sept.

487

425

366

425

366

366

425

425

425

425

395

366

366

425

716

425

395

366

366

395

425

425

366

395

366

338

338

310

366

425

900

310

395

550

425

366

366

qoQ

366

425

456

HOC

456

366

Q9 C

I

OOft

EQ9

425

OfiC

DQff

O-IA

O1 A

qiA

01 A

9Q9r

256

QOQ

Oft!

7QG
ALTAMAHA RIVER BASIN. 35

Monthly discharge of Oconee River near Greensboro, Ga., for the period May 10, 1914, to

Sept. SO, 1916.

[Drainage area, 1,100 square miles.]

Month.

1914. 

May 10-31.....................................

July...........................................

August........................................

September. ............... .................. ; ..

1914-15.

December .....................................

March .........................................

July...........................................

1915-16.

December .....................................

January.......................................

February. .....................................

April..........................................

Jfoy....... ....................................

July...........................................

August ........................................

The year. ..............................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

825 

1,660 

1,300 

2,210 

980

15,600 

5,920 

11,100 

8,220 

4,850 

4,590 

1,060 

6,360 

1,860 

2,260 

2.550 

716

15,600

9.700 

1,420 

15,700 

11,300 

6,450 

3,510 

980 

1,660 

1,300 

7,230 

5,840 

1,220

15,700

Minimum.

456

487 

310 

395 

395

456 

518 

980 

1,260 

1,220 

1,020 

647 

647 

487 

310 

180 

310

180

550 

518 

487 

901 

681 

752 

550 

256 

338 

487 

256 

256

256

Mean.

628 

712 

620 

793 

520

2,260 

1,530 

3,580 

2,850

"1,970

- 1,640 

861 

1,770 

896 

802 

821 

403

1,620

2,180 

749 

3,090 

1,720 

1,590 

1,360 

720 

564 

550 

3,250 

1,280 

462

1,470

Per

square 

mile.

0.571 

.647 

.564 

.721 

.473

2.05 

1.39 

3.25 

2.59 

1.79 

1.49 

.783 

1.61 

.815 

.729 

.746 

.366

1.47

1.98 

.681 

2.81 

1.56 

1.45 

1.24 

.655 

.513 

.500 

2.95 

1.16 

.420

1.34

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.47 

.72 

.65 

iS3 

.53

2.36

1.55 

3.75 

2.99 

1.86 

1.72 

.87 

L86 

.91 

.84 

.86 

.41

19.98

2.28 

.76 

3.24 

1.80 

1.56 

1.43 

.73 

.59 

.56 

3.40 

1.34 

.47

18.16

OCONEE RIVER AT FRALETS FERRY, NEAR MILLED GEVILLE, GA.

LOCATION. At Fraleys Ferry, 4 miles downstream from mouth of Little E'ver and

6 miles upstream from Milledgeville, Baldwin County. 

DRAINAGE AREA. 2,840 square miles. 

KECOBDS AVAILABLE. May 23, 1906, to December 31, 1908; October 6, 1909, to

September 30, 1916. 

GAGE. A combination sloping and vertical rod gage on left bank just upstream

from ferry landing; read by H. A. Taylor. 

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from ferryboat.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed sandy and shifting at measuring section. Control

formed by a rock ledge extending across river 200 feet downstream; permanent.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 13.1 feet at 6

p. m. July 23 (discharge, determined from extension of rating curve, abcut 17,500

second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 4.7 feet at 6 p. m. September 28 (discharge,

760 second-feet). 

1906-1916 (except January 1 to October 5, 1909): Maximum stage recorded

approximately 24.6 feet March 17, 1913 (discharge, determined from extension

of rating curve, about 49,700 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 4.1. feet at 6

a. m. September 17, 1914 (discharge, 410 second-feet). 

BEGtrLATiON. The operation of power plants a great distance upstream can cause

only slight fluctuations.
36 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART II.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent; not affected by ice. 

Rating curve well denned below 5,600 second-feet; above that p-unt curve is an 

extension. No discharge measurements have been made since November 14, 

1913, but it is believed that no change in control could have occurred. Gage 

read to half-tenths twice daily. Daily discharge ascertained by applying mean 

daily gage heights to rating table. Records good up to 5,600 second-feet; above 

that point subject to error.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Oconee River at Fraleys Ferry, near Milledgeville, Ga., 

for year ending Sept. 30, 1916.

Day.

1. .............

2..............

3........'......

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21 

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

1,490

1.610

1,610

1,610

4,130

4,880

6,450

4,880

4.310

2,150

1,610

1,380

1,320

1,380

1,610

3,950

6,850

3,080

2,450

3,770

4,310 

9,340

11,300

13,800

11,800

4,130

2,760

2,450

2,150

2,150

1,870

Nov.

1,870

1,870

1,610

1,610

1,610

1,380

1,380

1,270

1,320

1,440

1,380

1,380

1,380

1,380

1,440

1,740

1,610

1,870

3,080

3,420

3,080 

1,610

1,870

1,740

1,610

1,610

1,440

2,920

3,250

1,610

Dec.

1,870

1,610

1,610

1,490

1,610

1,740

1,740

1,610

1,490

1,490

1,610

2,760

3.080

2,760

2,450

1,870

1,870

5,650

9,780

11,800

14,500 

11,300

4,500

3,590

3,080

2,760

2,600

3,080

9,340

11,600

14,000

Jan.

13,200

10,400

5,260

4,310

3,770

3,080

3,080

2,920

2,760

2,600

2,300

2,450

4,130

5,070

4,130

3,590

3,590

2,760

3,080

2,600

2.450 

2,760

3,080

3,080

2,760

2,450

2,600

2,760

2,760

2,450

2,450

Feb.

4,500

15,000

14,500

9,340

5,850

4,500

4,130

3,590

3,420

3,420

3,420

3,080

2,760

3,080

3,250

2,760

2,600

2,600

2,450

2,150

2,150 

2,300

2,150

4,130

4,500

3,770

3,080

2,450

8,910

Mar.

8,280

6,450

7,650

6,450

4,310

3,770

3,420

5,070

5,850

4,880

4,310

3,590

3,080

2,920

2,760

2,450

2,450

2,150

2,150

2,150

2,300 

2,450

2,300

2,300

2,150

2,150

2,450

2,600

2,450

2,300

2,150

Apr.

2,150

2.010

2,010

2,150

2,150

2,150

2,150

2,920

2,920

2,450

2,150

1,870

1,870

1,870

1,740

1,740

2,010

2,450

2,150

1,870

1,870 

1,870

1,740

1,610

1,610

1,490

1,440

1,440

1,380

1,440

May.

1,380

1,320

1,270

1.270

1,220

1,220

1,170

1,170

1,120

1,080

1,080

1,040

990

990

910

990

910

910

910

950

910 

910

1,440

2,300

2,760

2,600

2,150

1,610

1,320

1,380

1,610

June.

1,380

1,270

1,170

1,080

1,380

1,490

1,870

2,760

1,870

1,440

1,220

950

990

1,270

1,320

1,610

1,440

1,270

1,320

1,440

1,270 

1,380

1,870

2,010

1,740

990

1,870

3,080

1,870

990

JUy.

1,610

1.270

1.380

2.300

2,010

1,870

4.130

6 850

8 280

12,500

12,800

9 560

9,340

7,250

5,450

4 880

6,850

11.600

10,000

9,340

7,050 

6,450

12,800

11.600

10,900

?,910

6,050

4,880

5,260

6,850

5,650

Aug.

3,250

8,070

15,600

8,070

4,310

3,420

5,850

5,850

4,880

4,130

3,250

2,150

1,870

1,870

3,080

2,150

2,010

1,870

1,740

1,610

1,490 

1,380

1,380

1,270

1,170

1,170

1,080

1,120

1,080

1,870

1,270

Sept.

1,610

1,380

1,380

1,440

1,490

1,380

1,270

1,120

1,040

1,080

1,380

1,270

1,080

990

2,450

2,600

2,600

1,870

1,440

1,220

1,080 

990

990

910

830

870

910

795

990

2,150

Monthly discharge of Oconee River at Fraleys Ferry, near Milledgeville, Ga., for the 

year ending Sept. 30, 1916.

[Drainage area, 2,840 square miles.)

*

Month.

October .......................................

November. ........... f ........ ................

April..........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

September... . .................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

13,800 

3,420 

14,500 

13,200 

15,000 

8,280 

2,920 

2,760 

3,080 

12,800 

15,600 

2,600

15,600

Minimum.

1,320 

1,270 

1,490 

2,300 

2,150 

2,150 

1,380 

910 

950 

1,270 

1,080 

795

795

Mean.

4,080 

1,830 

4,520 

3,700 

4,480 

3,540 

1,960 

1,320 

1,520 

6,960 

3,200 

1,350

3,210

Per 

fouare 

mile.

1.44 

.644 

1.59 

1.30 

1.58 

1,25 

.690 

.465 

.535 

2.45 

1.13 

.475

1.13

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.66 

.72 

1.83 

1.50 

1.70 

- 1.44 

.77 

.54 

.60 

2.82 

1.30 

.53

15.41
SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1&16, PART II. 37

APALACHICOLA RIVER BASIN. 

CHATTAHOOCHEE RIVER NEAR NORCROSS, GA. *

LOCATION. At Medlock's bridge, 1$ miles upstream from mouth of John Creek, 

4^ miles north of Norcross, Gwinnett County, and about 5 miles above Suwanee 

Creek. The river forms the boundary between Gwinnett and Milton counties.

DRAINAGE AREA. 1,170 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. January 9, 1903, to September 30, 1916.

GAGE. Standard chain gage on toll bridge used until December 31, 1915; on January 1, 1916, a Dexter water-stage recorder was installed on right bank, j-?st above 

bridge, and referred to chain gage without change in datum; stages above 7 feet 

measured by the chain gage, which is also read twice daily throughout the year 

by W. 0. Medlock.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed sandy; shifts. Low-water control is a rock shoal 

about 2£ miles downstream; at higher stages shifting clay banks and other conditions may cause changes in the stage-discharge relation.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 21.4 fe^t at 2.30 

p. m. December 30 (discharge, 36,200 second-feet); minimum stage 1.63 feet at 

1 a. m. May 8 (discharge, 858 second-feet).

1903-1916: Maximum stage recorded December 30, 1915; minimum stage, 

1.02 feet October 21, 1911 (discharge, 294 second-feet).

ICE. Never enough to affect stage-discharge relation.

REGULATION. Diurnal fluctuation is caused by operation of hydroelectric plants on 

Chattahoochee and Chestatee rivers near Gainesville, Ga. Discharge January 1 

to September 30, 1916, determined from records of water-stage recorder, agree 

very closely with that obtained by using mean daily gage heights from two readings of chain gage per day. Errors in mean monthly discharge obtained by using 

records from chain gage varied from 1.6 per cent for February and May to +1.4 

per cent for June. This study indicates that for medium and high stages estimates of discharge for former years as computed from records of the chain gage are 

probably not seriously in error owing to diurnal fluctuation in stage. The effect 

on the accuracy of records for low stage has not been determined.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation changed during high water in December, 1915. 

Rating curve used before December 18 Veil denned below 15,000 second-feet 

and poorly defined above; curve used after that date well defined between 1,000 

and 36,000 second-feet. Stage-discharge relation never affected by ice. Chain 

gage read twice daily to hundredths throughout year; mean daily gage heights 

January 1 to September 30 obtained by averaging hourly stage shovm by recorder; operation of recorder satisfactory except for short periods indicated by 

footnotes. Daily discharge ascertained by applying mean gage heights to rating table. See note to table. Records prior to January 1, 1916, good; since that 

date excellent.

Discharge measurements of Chattahoochee River near Norcross, Ga., during the year ending Sept. SO, 1916.

Date.

Dec. 29

30

31

Jan. 1

25

0

Made by 

M. Hall, jr.

.....do..................

.....do..................

.....do..................

Gage

Feet. 

15 94

12.70

6.13

3.54

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

23,300

35,700

13,000

4,550

2,130

Date.

Feb. 12'

May 20

94

Made by 

.....do..........:.......

.....do..................

B.M. Hall, jr. .........

Ga^e 

heir * 

Fe°.l. 

3.64

2.07 

9.83

3.47

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

2,370

1,140 

9,890

2,340
38 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART II.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Chattahoochee River near Norcross, Ga., for the year

ending Sept. 30, 1916.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13. ........... ..

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22.............. 

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

Q1

Oct.

2,640

3,680

1,700

1,540

6,780

6,360

2,640

2,100

1,700

1,400

1,260

1,400

1,260

1,780

6,080

3,130

1,860

1,540

4,260

10,200

4,500

4,380 

2,930

2,020

1,780

1,620

f,540

1,540

1,540

1,470

1,400

Nov.

1,260

1,400

1,330

1,330

1,260

1,260

1,260

1,190

1,260

1,260

1,190

1,190

1,260

1,470

1,540

1,620

1,540

1,400

2,100

2,640

1,860

1,700 

1,470

1,400

1,470

1,400

1,330

1,540

1,400

1,400

Dec.

1,330

1,260

1,330

1,330

1,330

1,120

1,260

1,260

1,190

1,260

1,330

1,700

1,620

1,470

1,400

1,400

1,620

14,900

25,000

7,320

3,580

2,960 

2,560

2,480

2,320

2,320

2,320

2,160

19,300

35,100 19 inn

Jan.

4,520

3,780

3,390

3,040

2,800

2,720

2,720

2,640

2,480

2,400

2,400

2,480

4,280

4,080

2,960

2,640

2,640

2,480

2,320

2,240

2,200

2,320 

2,480

2.400

2,240

2,200

2,240

2,240

2,200

2,160

2 ion

Feb.

3,280

9,100

9,850

4,760

3,580

3,120

2,880

2,640

2,560

2,640

2,480

2,320

2,320

2,400

2,200

2,160

2,120

2,080

2,040

1,960

1,960

1,920 

1,920

2,200

2,320

2,080

1,960

1,920

2,480

Mar.

2,880

3.040

3,210

2,800

2,480

2,320

2,800

3,040

2,560

2,320

2,200

2,120

2,080

2,000

2,000

1,960

1,880

1,880

1,880

1,840

1,840

1,840 

1,960

1,800

1,600

1,760

2,200

2,160

1,920

1,840

1 800

Apr.

1,720

1,720

1,720

1,840

1,760

1,680

1,760

1,960

2,040

1,840

1,800

1,720

1,680

1,680

1,600

1,600

1,800

1,880

1,680

1,600

1,680

1,640 

1,560

1,460

1,530

1,530

1,460

1,460

1,460

1,420

May.

1,390

1,420

1,390

1,390

1,390

1,360

1,320

1,180

1,280

1,250

1,250

1,180

1,220

1,180

1,180

1,180

1,460

1,180

1,250

1,180

1,140

1.220 

2,880

8,290

4,070

2,480

2,040

1,800

1,800

1,840

1,640

June.

1,530

1,390

1,360

1,560

1,280

1,500

1,920

2,080

1,560

1,320

1,320

1,760

1,840

2,040

1,960

2,160

2,160

Ir720

1,530

1,460

1,460

1,360 

1,320

1,320

1,460

1,320

1,500

1,390

1,280

1,220

July.

1,280

1,560

1,560

1.360

1,110

1,320

1,680

5,740

17,100

27,900

28,900

16,200

7,750

6,900

6,340

5,000

9,100

8,350

11,100

11,900

6,480

7,600 

7,600

4,760

4,520

4,300

4,410

3,480

2,800

2,960

Aug.

2,560

2,880

3,580

3,880

2,800

3,780

5,250

3,980

3,040

2,800

2,560

2,400

2,320

2,480

2,240

2,120

2,040

2,720

2,240

2,200

1,960

1,800 

1,760

1,760

1,680

1,760

1,600

1,600

1,720

1,640

1 600

Sept.

1,530

1,530

1,460

1,530

1,530

1,460

1,530

1,420

1,500

1,560

1,530

1,460

1,390

1,600

2,040

1,560

1,460

1,390

1,390

1,390

1,390

1,390 

1,320

1,250

1,220

1,180

1,180

1,180

1,390

1,530

NOTE. Eeadings from chain gage used in determining discharge Oct. 1 to Dec. 31, Feb. 2-3, May 16-20, 

July 9-23, Sept. 3-7 and 19-22. Discharge Jan. 13, Feb. 1, May 24-25, July 8, computed by averaging hourly 

discharge.

Monthly discharge of Chattahoochee River near Norcross, Ga., for the year ending Sept.

30, 1916.

[Drainage area, 1,170 square miles.]

Month.

February. .....................................

April...........................................

May............................................

July............................................

Discharge in second-feet. 

Maximum.

10,200 

2,640 

35, 100 

4,520 

9,850 

3,210 

2,040 

8,200 

2,160 

28,900 

5,250 

2,040

35, 100

Minimum.

1,260 

1,190 

1,120 

2,120 

1,920 

1,600 

1,420 

1,140 

1,220 

1,110 

1,600 

1,180

1,110

Mean.

2,840 

1,460 

5,080 

2,700 

2,940 

2,190 

1,680 

1,770 

1,570 

7,220 

2,480 

1,440

2,790

Per

square 

mile.

2.43 

1.25 

4.34 

2.31 

2.51 

1.87 

1.44 

1.51 

1.34 

6.17 

2.12 

1.23

2.38

Run-off 

{depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

2.80 

1.40 

5.00 

2.66 

2.71 

2.16 

1.61 

1.74 

1.50 

7.11 

2.44 

1.37

32.50

NOTE. See paragraph under "Regulation" in station description.
APALACHICOLA EIVER BASIN. 39.

CHATTAHOOCHEE RIVER AT WEST POINT, GA.

LOCATION. At West Point waterworks pumping plant just below Oselig^e Creek, 

one-fourth mile east of Alabama-Georgia State line and 1 mile upstream from 

West Point railroad station, Troup County. Previous to October 20, 1912, station was at Montgomery Street Bridge in West Point.

DRAINAGE AREA. 3,300 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. July 30, 1896, to September 30, 1916.

GAGE. Staff gage on left bank. By using a telescope the observer reads gage from 

pump house on right bank. Datum of this gage is 0.2 foot lower than that used 

prior to 1916, but new gage reads about the same as old chain gage, a mile downstream, at a stage of 3.5 feet.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from Montgomery Street Bridge, a mile downstream. No tributaries enter between gage and bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed rocky; fairly permanent; banks subject to overflow at 

high stages. Control a rock ledge extending across river just below ga?e, and is 

probably not affected by Langdale dam, 5 miles downstream. The old chain 

gage was abandoned in 1912, because of backwater from this dam.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 22.1 feet at 4 p. m. 

July 10 (discharge, 49,200 second-feet); minimum stage, 2.6 feet, mean for day, 

May 18 (discharge, 1,880 second-feet).

1896-1916: Maximum stage recorded (old gage), 25.0 feet December 30, 1901 

(discharge, 88,600 second-feet); minimum stage (old gage), 0.8 foot September 

18-21, 1896 (discharge, 780 second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation not affected by ice.

DIVERSIONS. None.

REGULATION. Operation of power plants a great distance upstream causes some 

diurnal fluctuation, but a mean of three daily readings is probably accurate.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent; a change in gege datum 

necessitated a change in rating curve for this year. Rating curve well defined 

between 2,500 and 35,000 second-feet. Gage read to tenths three times daily 

and more frequently during high water. Daily discharge ascertained by applying mean daily gage heights to rating table. Records good.

COOPERATION. Since October 20, 1912, gage heights have been furnished by Columbus Power Co., of Columbus, Ga.

The following discharge measurement was made by W. E. Hall and B. M. Hall, jr.: 

December 21, 1915: Gage height, 12.97 feet; discharge 26,400 second-feet.
40 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART II.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Chattahoochee River near West Point, Ga., for the

year ending Sept. 30, 1916.

Day.

1... ...........

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30.............. 

31.".............

Oct.

3,340

a 9js\

3,730

4,150

6,040

12,500

12,000

7 OKA

3

QJA

3,340

2,830

2,400

2,260

2,540

19,500

13,500

10,200

5,320

5,320

23,000

20,800

20,500

17,500

12,500

7 000

4 Rdrt

3,940

3,530

3,340

3,160 

2,990

Nov.

2,830

2 c,in

2,540

2,540

2 inn

2 inn

2 4IY)

2,400

2,260

2

QAA

2

QAA

2 9fift

2 9fift

2,540

2,990

3,940

2,990

3,160

3,940

3 940

3 940

3 940

2*. 830

2,680

2,680

a

eon

2,830

2 oon

2,540

2,680

Dec.

2 run

2,400

2,400

2 4ftfl

2 inn

2,830

2,260

2 9fiA

2,540

2 400

2,260

2,990

4,600

3,530

2,990

2,830

3,530

<>3 ftrft

33,200

26,500

26,500 1 1\ son

6,520

5,560

4 840

4 840

4*370

4,600

43,500

48,500 

38,000

Jan.

35,000

34 800 lo'ooo

9 000

7

KOA

6,520

6,040

5,800

5,320

5,320

5,320

5 WI

9

e/v)

9

enn

9,250

7,500

6,280

S

oon

5,320

5,080

5,320

5,080

5,560

5,080

5,080

4 840

4*600

4,370

4,600

4,370 

4,370

Feb.

13,200

15,200

17,200

16,800

10 /VV\

9

tW\

7 f^(V\

6,760

6,040 i firm

S iatn

5,560

6 040

6*280

5,560

5,080

4,840

4,600

4,370

4,370

4,150

3 940

4' 1W

5,080

5,800

4 840

4*600

4,150

9,000

Mar.

9 I7V\

7,000

8,750

7,500

6,520

5,800

8

ocn

8

7CA

6,520

5,560

5,080

4,600

4 q7f\

4,600

4,150

4,150

3

Q4A

3,940

3

CUA

3

7QA

3 Q4A

3,730

3,730

3,730

4 840

5*320

4,600

4,370

4,150 

2,990

Apr.

3,940

3,530

3,730

4,150

3,730

3,530

3,730

5,800

5,320

4,370

3,730

3,940

3

CQA

3 340

3*160

3,160

3,160

2,680

3,160

3,340

3 340

3,160

3,160

2,990

2,830

2,680

2,830

2,830

2,830

2,830

May.

2,540

2,540

2,540

2,400

2,400

2,540

2,400

2 9fifi

2,260

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,130

2,130

2,000

2,000

2,000

1,880

2,260

1,880

2,000

2,000

2,990

7,000

8,750

10,800

5,560

4,840

3,940

3,340 

3,340

June.

3,160

2,990

2,830

3,340

2,830

2,400

2,400

3,340

3,160

3,340

2,680

2,130

4 1W

4,600

3,530

4,600

4,840

5,320

3,530

2,830

3,340

2,990

2,680

2,540

3,160

2 QQCI

2,990

2,680

2,680

2,990

July.

3,160

2 540

2 540

2 680

2 680

2 680

19 000

35 000 AC onn

45 500

39,000

38 800

35 200

16 000

14.200

12 800

17,000

18 500

18,500

23,800

2i; 500

16 800

15 500

14.500

13,200

12:000 io;2oo

8 750

7,750 

7,250

Aug.

7 000

6,280

9,000

8,750

8,750

7,250

6,040

9,000

7,750

7,000

5,800

7,500

7,500

10,000

8,000

5,560

4,600

7,000

8,000

4 840

4' 600

4,150

4,150

3,730

3,730

3,730

3,530

3,160

3,940 

5,080

Sept.

3,730

4,150

5,320

4 600

3^ 160

3,160

3 340

4*840

5

OOft

5,320

5,080

4 840

3*530

3 940

7*500

6,280

3,940

3,160

3,160

2,680

2,680

2,680

2,540

2,510

2,400

2,400

2,260

2,400

4,150

Monihly discharge of Chattahoochee River near West Point, Ga., for the year ending

Sept. 30, l'916.

[Drainage area, 3,300 square miles.]

Month.

November. ....................................

December...... ................................

March..........

April...........................................

May............................................

July............................................

The year.. ...............................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

23,000 

3,940 

48,500 

35,000 

17,200 

9,750 

5,800 

10,800 

5,320 

48,800 

10,000 

7,500

48,800

Minimum.

2,260 

2,260 

2,260 

4,370 

3,940 

2,990 

2,680 

1,880 

2,130 

2,540 

3,160 

2,260

1,880

Mean.

8,000 

2,820 

10,900 

7,990 

7.210 

5,310 

3,480 

3,180 

3,230 

18,200 

6,180 

3,790

6,730

Per 

square 

mile.

2.42 

.855 

3.30 

2.42 

2.18 

1.61 

1.05 

.964 

.979 

5.52 

1.87 

1.15

2.04

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

2.79 

.95 

3.80 

2.79 

2.35 

1.86 

1.17 

1.11 

1.09 

6.36 

2.16 

1.28

27.71
APALACHICOLA KWEK BASIN. 41

FLOTT RIVER NEAR WOOBBTTRY, GA.

LOCATION. At the Macon & Birmingham Railroad bridge one-fourth mile downstream from mouth of Elkins Creek, one-third mile upstream from mouth of Cane 

" Creek, and 3 miles east of Woodbury, Pike County. * 

DRAINAGE AREA. 1,090 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. March 29, 1900, to September 30, 1916. 

GAGE. Vertical staff in four sestions on left bank about 300 feet above railroad bridge;

read to tenths twice daily by E. T. Riggins. Datum of gage, 660 feet above sea

level. 

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of railroad bridge, which

does not make a right angle with the current. ' 

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bottom consists chiefly of rock; rough; current irregular.

Control formed by a shoal a mile downstream; somewhat shifting. 

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 13.0 feet at 6

a. m. July 10 (discharge not determined); minimum stage, 0.1 foot st 5 p. m.

June 11, 6 a. m. and 5 p. m. June 12, and 6 a. m. June 13 (discharge not determined). 

1900-1916: Maximum stage recorded, 16.2 feet March 15, 1913 (discharge,

35,300 second-feet); minimum stage, -0.4 foot October 8-10, 1911 (discharge, 86

second-feet). 

REGULATION. Some slight diurnal fluctuations caused by operation of sr^all mills

on tributary streams.

Stage-discharge relation not permanent. Daily discharge not determined, as no 

«current-meter measurements have been made since June 23, 1914.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Flint River near Woodbury, (fa., for the year ending Sept.

SO, 1916.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3. .............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23... ...........

24..............

26..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

0.6

.8

.8

.7

.95

2.2

2.1

1.85

1.5

1.1

.65

.5

.4

.5

2.4

1.9

1.1

.9

.9

1.25

1.2

5.0

4.4

2.6

2.2

1.75

1.35

.95

.8

.7

.6

Nov.

0.6

.55

.5

.5

.5

.5

.5

.5

.5

.5

.5

.5

.5

.5

.6

.6

.7

.75

1.2

1.15

1.0

.8

.7

.65

.6

.6

.75

.9

.75

.6

Dec.

0.6

.6

.6

.6

.65

.8

.75

.7

.7

.7

.8

1.45

1.5

1.25

1.05

.9

1.15

7.5

8.8

8.6

7.4

4.0

2.4

1.45

1.1

1.3

1.3

 I- 6

*7.4

9.4

9.0

Jan.

7.9

4.8

2.4

1.9

1.6

1.5

1.4

1.3

1.2

1.1

1.15

1.3

3.2

2.9

2.2

1.9

1.75

1.65

1.5

1.4

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.4

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.25

1.2

1.2

Feb.

3.0

4.2

5.0

4.4

3.7

3.2

2.1 1.6

1.4

1.2

1.1

1.2

1.75

2.3

2.4

2.4

2.1

2.0

1.1

1.1

1.05

1.0

1.2

2.5

2.2

2.0

2.0

1 OE

2.9

Mar.

3.5

4.3

3.8

3.1

2.0

1.85

1.75

2.6

2.1

1.85

1.7

1.55

1.4

1.3

1.2

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.05

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

.95

1.15

1.55

1.5

1.35

1.3

1.15

Apr.

1.0

1.0

1.05

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.2

1.65

1.8

1.7

1.4

1.25

1.15

1.0

1.0

.9

.9

.85

.8

.8

.85

.9

.8

.65

.6

.6

.6

.55

.5

.5

May.

0.4

.4

.4

.4

.4

.4

.4

.4

.3

.3

.3

.3

.4

.3

.2

.2 ,

.2

.2

.2

.2

.2

.2

2.8

2.0

1.6

1.0

.65

.45

.4

.35

June.

0.35

.3

.3

.3

.3

.3

.3

.3

.2

.2

.15

.1

.15

.45

1.35

1.8

2.7

1.25

.7

.55

.4

.3

.3

.35

.4

.35

.3

.25

.45

.65

July.

0.45

.3

.25

.2

.2

1.1

2.4

6.4

12.4

12.6

10.8

8.2

6.2

3.8

.2.5

2.5

3.0

3.2

4.1

4.1

5.7

7.0

6.0

4.4

3.4

3.0

2.6

2.6

2.4

2.3

1.95

Aug.

1.65

2.5

4.0

?.7

1.35

1.1

1.1

1.05

.95

.9

.95

1.3

1.45

2.4

1.9

1.05

1.0

.85

.65

.55

.5

.5

.45

.4

.4

.4

.45

.65

Sept.

1.15

.8

.9

.7

.65

.6

.6

.6

.55

.5

.4

.4

.4

.7

1.5

1.45

1.2

1.1

1.0

.7

.65

.5

.5

.4

.3

.25

.2

.2

.2
42 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART II.

FLINT RIVER NEAR CTTLLODEN, GA.

LOCATION. At Grays Ferry, Upson County, 1£ miles upstream from mouth of

Auchumpkee Creek and 14 miles southwest of Culloden. 

DRAINAGE AREA. 2,000 square miles. 

RECORDS AVAILABLE. July 1, 1911, to September 30, 1916.

GAGE. A staff in four sections on left bank at ferry landing; read by Lonie Williams. 

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from ferryboat. 

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed sandy; shifting at gage. Control is a permanent rock

ledge half a mile downstream. 

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage during year estimated at 33.3 feet during

night of July 9 (discharge not determined); minimum stage, 1.6 feet at 6 a. m.

June 13 (discharge, 473 second-feet).

1911-1916: Maximum stage recorded July 9, 1916; minimum stage 1.0 foot

October 8, 1911 (discharge, 165 second-feet). 

REGULATION. Practically none. 

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent. Rating curve well

defined below 4,400 second-feet. Above 4,400 second-feet curve is an extension.

Gage read to tenths twice daily. Daily discharge ascertained by applying mean

daily gage heights to rating table. Records for low water good; determinations

of discharge above 4,400 second-feet subject to error.

No discharge measurements were made at this station during the year.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Flint River near Culloden, Ga., for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1916. *

 ' 

Day.

1... ...........

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9.. ............

10. .............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19. .............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28. .............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

875 

838 

875 

838 

1,720

1,840 

2,850 

2,320 

1,720 

1,560

1,360 

1,080 

838 

663 

7,400

3,750 

1,960 

1,260 

1,170 

1,620

1,720 

5,480 

10,000 

6,620 

4,400

3,430 

2,320 

1,720 

1,410 

i;i20 

998

Nov.

1,170 

1,080 

1,040 

955 

915

800 

800 

730 

730 

663

663 

630 

598 

598 

534

.598 

663 

765 

955 

1,120

1,120 

1,080 

1,040 

1,040 

955

955 

1,220 

1,220 

1,120 

1,080

Dec.

1,120 

1,080 

955 

915 

875

955 

998 

1,120 

1,080 

998

955 

1,620 

1,720 

1,840 

1,840

2,080 

2,320 

10,000 

22,200 

21,000

18,200 

14,600 

11,000 

9,200 

8,000

5,480 

4,740 

4,920 

13,800 

22,400 

23,000

Jan.

19,200 

13,000 

9,400 

6,620 

4,400

2,450 

2,080 

1,840 

2,080 

1,840

1,620 

1,460 

2,850 

5480 

4,070

3,130 

2,580 

2,450 

2,320 

2,320

2,080 

1,840 

2,080 

2,080 

1,960

1,960 

1,840 

1,720 

1,620 

1,840 

1,720

Feb.

5,860 

11,000 

10,800 

9,000 

7,000

4,740 

3,590 

2,850 

2,580 

2,320

2,200 

2,080 

2,080 

2,850 

2,580

2,320 

2,080 

1,840 

1,620 

1,510

1,510 

1,510 

1,510 

2,710 

3,430

2,990 

2,200 

1,840 

3,280

.......

Mar.

5,670 

7,400 

6,240 

5,480 

4,070

3,130 

2,320 

6,240 

4,570 

3,130

2,580 

2,320 

2,080 

1,840 

1,840

1,620 

1,510 

1,510 

1,510 

1,510

1,460 

1,410 

1,410 

1,410 

1,410

1,510 

2,320 

2,320 

2,080 

1,720 

1,510

Apr.

1,460 

1,410 

1,510 

1,560 

1,510

1,460 

1,510 

1,840 

2,580 

2,580

2,080 

1,620 

1,510 

1,460 

1,410

1,310 

1,510 

1,360 

1,220 

1,220

1,220 

1,310 

1,220 

1,120 

1,040

1,040 

955 

955 

955 

955

May.

875 

875 

875 

875 

800

730 

730 

730 

663 

663

663 

663 

663 

696 

663

663 

598 

598 

598 

598

598 

630 

1,560 

3,280 

2,580

1,840 

1,310 

955 

696 

663 

663 

»

June.

663 

663 

663 

663 

663

663 

663 

663 

598 

598

534 

534 

504 

598 

1,170

2,320 

3,590 

2,080 

1,080 

838

730 

663 

838 

800 

730

663 

663 

663 

663 

765

lily.

696 

696 

663 

663 

630

1.040 

6 620 

26 600

28 800 

17,800 

10 400 

5.860

4,740 

6,430 

8,200 

9,000 

7,400

11,600 

13, 800 

20,600 

20,400 

15,000

8,600 

6,620 

4,400 

4,400 

4,070 

3,590

Aug.

2,580 

3,130 

4,400 

7,800 

3,750

2,580 

2,580 

1,840 

1,620 

1,510

1,510 

955 

1,720 

2,200 

3,750

4,070 

2,850 

1,840 

1,410 

1,080

1,220 

1,170 

998 

955 

915

838 

765 

730 

730 

765 

1,120

Sept.

1,840 

1,460 

1,360 

1,220 

1,040

955 

875 

838 

800 

765

875 

800 

800 

915 

2,580

2,320 

1,620 

1,510 

1,460 

1,360

915 

838 

765 

663 

663

663 

663 

663 

663 

663
APAIACHICOLA EIVEB BASIN. 43

Monthly discharge of Flint River near Culloden, Go,., for the year ending Sept. SO, 1916. 

[Drainage area, 2,000 square miles.]

Month.

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

10,000 

1,220 

23,000 

19, 200 

11,000 

7,400 

2,580 

3,280 

3,590 

7,800 

2,580

Minimum.

663 

534 

875 

1,460 

1,510 

1,410 

955 

598 

504 

730 

663

Mean.

2,440 

895 

6,810 

3,610 

3,510 

2,750 

1,430 

935 

898 

2,040 

1,090

Per 

square 

mile.

1.22 

.448 

3.40 

1.80 

1.76 

1.38 

.715 

.468 

.449 

1.02 

.545

Run-Off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.41

.50 

3.92 

2.08 

1.90 

1.59 

.80 

.54 

.50 

1.18 

.61

FLINT RIVER AT ALBANY, GA.

LocATioN.^-At the Dougherty County highway bridge in Albany, 700 fe^t below 

Atlantic Coast Line Railroad bridge and 2 miles downstream from r^outh of 

Muckafoonee Creek.

DRAINAGE AREA. 5,000 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. April 10, 1893, to September 30, 1916 (United States Weather 

Bureau gage heights). Discharge measurements were begun by the Geological Survey in 1901, and determinations of daily discharge have been- made 

from January 1, 1902, to September 30, 1915.

GAGE. Chain gage, installed at the bridge April 20, 1904; read once daily ly D. W. 

Brosnan. Original staff gage was washed out in 1898. It was again damaged in 

1902, and on June 18 of that year a new gage was installed by the United States 

Weather Bureau at a datum 0. 75 foot lower than that of the former ga.Te. All 

gage heights for 1902 published by the United States Weather Bureau and the 

United States Geological Survey refer to the new datum. Present gage conforms 

with the United States Weather Bureau gage.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Fairly accurate measurements can be made at the 

section at the Atlantic Coast Line bridge, although it iff very rough and train 

switching in the yard interferes with the work. The section at the Georgra Northern Railway bridge, 1 mile above, at which measurements are sometimes made, 

is considered better, especially for medium and low stages. _ -

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed at and below gage may shift slightly, but control is 

such that conditions of flow are practically permanent. The river overflows 

both banks, but only under the approaches to the bridge.

EXTREMES OFDISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 27.4 feet at 2 p.m. 

July 15 (discharge not determined); minimum stage, 0. 8 foot at 7 a.m. June 13 

and 16 (discharge not determined).

1902-1916: Maximum stage recorded, 30.3 feet at 7 a.m. March 21, 1913 (discharge, 53,700 second-feet); minimum stage, 1.1 feet October 9-12, 1911 (discharge, 1,110 second-feet).

REGULATION. 'Power developments on Muckalee Creek, which joins Flint River 

about 2 miles above station, cause considerable diurnal fluctuation, e^oecially 

at low stages. Flow probably affected also by operation of other pow<3r plants 

farther up the river.

Stage-discharge relation considered practically permanent and a well-d3veloped 

curve has been constructed, but lack of recent current-meter measurements makes 

the use of this curve inadvisable for determination of daily discharge for 1916.
44 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART II.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Flint River at Albany, Ga.,for the year ending Sept. SO,

1916.

Day.

1. .............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28......'........

29..............

30.............

31..............

Oct.

-0.4

- .5

.0

.6

.1

1.1

1.4

2.8

3.7

4.1

3.5

2.7

1.9

1.1

.9

.5

1.5

3.1

3.3

3.2

1.6

1.6

2.8

3.2

3.2

4.8

5.3

5.8

4.8

2.4

1.9

Nov.

1.7

.8

.6

.5

.4

.3

.3

.2

.1

.1

.1

.1

.2

.5

.9

.3

.2

.2

.8

2.1

1.7

1.1

1.1

.9

.8

.6

.5

.5

.6

.8

Dec.

0.7

.6

.5

.4

.3

.3

.3

.2

.0

.1

.3

.5

.5

.4

.8

2.2

1.4

1.2

1.5

2.3

4.0

5.1

6.2

ao

9.4

11.5

11.9

9.9

4.0

3.0

3.4

Jan.

3.7

5.2

7.7 ao.2

12.4

13.5

13.3

10.8

6.0

3.3

2.9

9 7

2.6

2.6

o Q

3.8

4.9

5.4

4.2

4.0

3.5

3.2

3.2

3.0

3.0

2.8

2.6

2.5

2 2

1 Q

Feb.

2.1

2.5

3.5

5.5

6.6

7.9

8.5

9.2

9.4

8.5

5.8

4.0

3.6

3.4

3.2

a n

1 3.2'

3.3

3.2

2.9

2.5

2.3

2 2

2.2

2 4

2.5

3.0

3.4

4.2

Mar.

4.1

4.0

5.0

5.8

6.6

7.0

7.0

6.6

6.2

6.0

5.9

6.0

6.0

5.6

4.4

3.3

3.1

2.8

2.6

2.5

2.5

2.3

2.0

2.0

2.0

1.9

1.9

1.9

2.2

2.8

1 A

Apr.

3.0

2.5

2.4

2.3

2.2

2.6

2.6

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.6

2 7

2.5

2.4

2.0

1 Q

1.8

1.6

1.5

1.4

1.4

.8

.8

.9

.8

1.0

1.0

.5

.4

.3

May.

0.3

.1

.0

.0

- .1

- .2

- .2

- .2

_ 3

- .3

- .4

- .4

- .5

- .6

- .6

- .4

- .5

- .5

- .6

- .6

- .5

 5

- .5

.0

1.0

2.1

1.7

1.2

.4

June.

0.0

- .3

- .4

- .6

- .6

- .6

- .6

- .6

- .7

 3

- .3

- .8

_ 7

- .3

- .8

- .7

.2

1.2

1.5

1.8

2.0

1.0

.1

- .3

.2

- .1

.0

- .1

.1

July.

0.1

.5

.7

1.0

1.4

1.2

1.0

2.5

13.2

19.9

25.0

22.8

22.3

24.7

27.1

27.3

26.2

24.0

21.4

18.1

15.4

13.4

12.8

13.4

14.0

17.5

21.5

22.6

22.2

21.0

19.5

Aug.

17.0

13.6

10.0

7.9

6.6

6.1

6.0

5.8

6.7

7.2

6.4

5.0

3.8

3.4

3.0

2.9

3.6

4.0

4.7

4.2

3.1

2.9

2.6

1.5

1.7

1.4

1.1

1.0

1.2

1.6

2.6

Sept.

2.1

1.8

1.6

1.4

1.8

1.5

1.6

1.2

1.4

1.2

1.0

.9

1.4

1.1

1.8

2.0

2.7

2.8

2.8 2.3

1.8

1.3

1.2

1.0

1.1

.2

.4

.4

.3

.3

TOBLER CREEK NEAR YATESVILLE, GA.

LOCATION. At Tobler mills, 1 mile downstream from Macon & Birmingham Railroad bridge, 2 miles north of Yatesville, Upson County, and 15 miles upstream 

from junction of creek with Flint River.

DRAINAGE AREA. Not measured.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. November 4, 1914, to September 30, 1916.

GAGE. Vertical staff on right bank just below penstock of Tobler mills; read once 

daily by J. K. Sanders.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from steel highway bridge a TOSS mill pond 

about 600 feet above gage during medium and high stages; by wading during low

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed composed of boulders and solid rock. Control formed

by solid rock ledge; permanent. 

EXTREMES OF STAGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 3.3 foet at 5.30 a. m.

July 8; minimum stage, 0.4 foot at 6.30 a. m. November 8 to 17.

1914-1916: Maximum stage recorded July 8, 1916; minimum stage, 0.3 foot at

6 a. m. September 29, 1915. 

REGULATION. Operation of Tobler mill causes large fluctuations in stage. Gage is

read in the morning before starting of mill in order to obtain readings which more

nearly represent the normal stage.

Data inadequate for determination of daily discharge.

The following discharge measurement was made by B. M. Hall, jr.

February 5,1916: Gage height, 0.82 foot; discharge; 28.5 second-feet.
ESCAMBIA EIVEB BASIN. 45

Daily gage height, in feet, of Tobler Creek near Yatesville, Ga.,for the year ending Sept.

SO, 1916.

Day.

1. .............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5... ...........

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27. .............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31... L... .......

*Oct.

0.45

.45

.45

1.0

.75

.7

.7

.7

.7

.6

.6

.6

.5

.5

1.7

.6

.6

.6

.6

1.0

1.6

1.5

.9

.6

.7

.7

.6

.6

.6

.5

.7

Nov.

0.6

.6

.6

.5

.5

.5

.5

.4

.4

.4

.4

.4

.4

.4

.4

.4

.4

.45

.6

.65

.65

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

Dec.

0.6

.6

.5

.5

.5

.5

.5

.5

.5

.5

.5

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

2.2

.7

.7

.7

.7

.6

.6

.6

.6

.7

.7

2.2

1.0

1.0

Jan.

0.7

.7

.7

.7

.65

.6

.6

.6

.7

.7

.7

.7

1.1

1.0

.7

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.7

.7

.7

.7

.7

.7

.7

.7

.65

.7

.7

Feb.

0.9

1.7

1.1

.8

.9

.8

.8

.8

.8

.8

.7

.7

.7

.7

.7

.7

.7

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.7

.6

.6

.6

.7

Mar.

0.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

1.3

.7

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.55

.6

.6

.6

.7

.7

.7

.7

.7

Apr.

0.7

.7

.7

.7

.7

.7

.7

.7

.7

.7

.7

.7

.7

.65

.65

.65

1.1

.8

.7

.7

.7

.7

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

May.

0^6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.4

.4

1.3

.8

.8

.7

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

June.

0.6

.6

.6

1.1

.8

.7

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.7

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

July.

0.6

.6

.6

.5

.5

.5

.75

3.3

2.5

2.4

.8

.8

.8

.8 ,

.8

.8

.8

.8

.9

1.1

1.2

1.1

.8

2.0

.8

1.3

.8

.7

.6

.6

.6

Aug.

0.6

.9

.8

.7

.7

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.5

.5

.5

.5

.5

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.5

.5

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

Sept.

0.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

- .6

.6

.6

.7

.7

.7

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

,6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

ESCAMBIA RIVER BASIN. 

CONECUH RIVER AT BECK, ALA.

LOCATION. At Simmons Bridge at Beck, Covington County, 8 mile" west of 

Andalusia, a station on the Central of Georgia Railway and Louisville & Nashville Railroad, and about 12 miles downstream from mouth of Patsaliga Creek.

DRAINAGE AREA. 1,290 square miles.

RECORDS AVAHAPLE. August 24, 1904, to September 30, 1916.

GAGE. Chain gage attached to upstream side of wagon bridge; read by A. W. 

Lambert.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Channel cut in soft bedrock; practically permanent. 

Banks subject to overflow at very high stages. Position of control not known.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 30.1 feet at 8 a. m. 

July 8; minimum stage, 1.4 feet at 8 a. m. June 13.

1904-1916: Maximum stage (no gage height) March 18, 1913 (discharge, 26,000 

second-feet; estimated by comparison with record of flow of Pea River at Pera, 

Ala.); minimum stage, 0.7 foot October 4, 1904 (discharge, 187 second-*eet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation not affected by ice.

DIVERSIONS. None.

REGULATION. Flow may be affected at times by logging operations.

ACCURACY. Ga$;e read to tenths once daily. Gage heights may be consHerably in 

error owing t o elongation of chain. Stage-discharge relation considered practically

permanent, 

ber, 18,1911 

determined.

but as no current-meter measurements have bee$ made s; nce Octo- 

, no rating curve has been prepared and daily discharge ha<< not been
46 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART II.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Conecuh River, at Beck, Ala., for the year ending Sept. SO,

1916.

Day.

1. .............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12.............. 

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21. .............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28. .............

29..............

30. .............

31..............

Oct.

7.9

6.5

5.2

5.6

5.6

5.1

4 7

3.2 

2.9

2.9

4.7

4.1

2.9

2.9

13.6

10.6

6.4

5.9

6.1

6.4

7.5

8.6

8.6

7.3

Nov.

5.2

4.3

3

0

0 K

3 9

a i

3 A

2 9

2 Q

2.8

O Q

9 Q

o Q

9 7

3 7

^ 7

3 9

3 9

3.2

3

rt

9 Q

2.8

q c

3 5

3.2

Dec.

3.2

3 1

O Q

2.9

3

0

2.8

9 Q

2.7

3 7

2.7

2 7

9 7

9 7

9 7

2.7

5.6

5.8

5.6

5.6

5.5

5.5

5.5

5

O

4.8

15 8

14.9

15.1

Jan.

13.4

16.7

15.0

12.6

11.1

8.1

7.4

5.7

5.4

5.4

7 1

7.5

6.7

7 o

7.0

6.2

5.7

6 Q

6.2

6.0

5

Q

5.5

5.3

A Q

Feb.

5.4

6.8

8.7

8.7

8.5

10.9

10.8

9.2

7.7

6.6

5.9

5 7

5.5

5.1

4 Q

A Q

4.6

4 3

4 2

4 2

5.4

5.5

4.7

4.3

A K.

Mar.

5.3

K A

5.5

5.7

E Q

5.5

6.2

6.3

6.0

6.3

"'&.7'

5.1

4.8

A K

4.2

4 1

3 Q

3.8

q o

3.7

3.6

3.6

8.4

11.3

11.6

12.8

15.4

Apr.

17.2

11.1

&9

7.5

6.7

6.3

7.1

6.1

5.8

5.5 

5.1

4.7

4.4

4.0

3.8

3.7

5.3

5.6

4 &

4.3

3.9

3.6

3.3

3.1

May.

2.9

2.8

2.7

3.1

3.1

3.2

2.9

2.7

2.5

2.3 

2.2

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.0

2.2

2.1

2.5

7.2

4.9

4.3

4.1

3.5

2.8

2.5

2.3

June.

2.2

2.1

2.0

1.9

1.8

1.7

1.6

1.5

1.5

1.5 

1.4

1.8

1.9

2.4

2.1

2.4

2.2

2.1

2.0

1.9

2.3

2.0

2.2

1.9

2.1

2.2

July.

2.1

2.9

2.4

2.8

3.9

11.0

30.1

£8.3

26.3

24.5 

22.8

22.1

17.6

17.2

19.3

15.4

11.3

9.4

10.5

11.2

11.1

10.7

12.8

15.2

10.9

Aug.

8.5

7.3

8.5

8.3

7.3

8.2

9.4

10.7

9.7

9.1

8.2

7.6

7.3

5.3

4.6

4.1

3.8

3.3

3.2

3.0

2.9

2.8

2.7

2.6

2.7

2.6

2.5

Sept.

2.5

2.5

3.3

4.8

3.5

3.0

2.8

2.6

2.9

2.5 

2.4

2.6

2.7

2.8

2.6

2.5

2.4

2.3

2.3

2.2

2.1

2.0

2.0

2.1

2 4

2.1

MOBILE RIVER BASIN.

OOSTANATTLA RIVER AT KESACA, GA.

LOCATION. At Western & Atlantic Railroad bridge in Resaca, Gordon County, 

400 feet upstream from new highway bridge, 3 miles below the junction of Conasauga and Coosawattee rivers, which form Oostanaula River, ard 1 mile above 

Camp Creek.

DRAINAGE AREA. 1,610 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. 1 1891 to 1898 (gage heights by the United States Weather 

Bureau and discharge measurements and gage heights by the United States 

Geological Survey); 1899 to 1904 incomplete records of gage heights; continuous 

records January 1, 1905, to September 30, 1916.

GAGE. Heavy vertical timber attached to the downstream side of midstream pier 

of railroad bridge.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from railroad bridge or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed composed of sand; somewhat shifting. Right bank a 

high bluff; not subject to overflow; left bank high, but is overflowed at very 

high stages. Though the position of control is not exactly known, the fact that 

station rating has shown very little change in the past indicate^ that the control is practically permanent.

1 Gage-height records not obtained during following periods: May 1 to July 31,1896; May J. to Oct. 31, 

1899; July 1 to Oct. 31,1900; May 1 to Nov. 12,1901; and Jan. 1,1902, to Dec. 31,1904.
MOBILE RIVEE BASIN. 47

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 27.1 feet July 

13 (discharge, 23,700 second-feet); minimum stage, 2.0 feet November 6-8 (discharge, 590 second-feet).

1896-1916: Maximum stage recorded, 31.7 feet March 15,1909 (discharge, 39,200 

second-feet); minimum stage, 0.95 foot during discharge measurement September 26, 1904 (discharge, 273 second-feet).

ICE. None.

REGULATION. Practically none from the few small mills upstream.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent, such changes as have 

occurred being small. Bating curve well denned between 500 and 8,000 secondfeet; above which curve is extended tangent . Gage read to tenths once daily. 

Gage heights subject to some error because of poor condition of lower part of 

gage. Daily discharge ascertained by applying mean daily gage he;f»hts to 

rating table. Records fair.

The following discharge measurement was made by M. R. Hall: 

November 1, 1914: Gage height, 2.80 feet; discharge, 986 second-feet.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Oostanaula River at Resaca, Ga., for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1916.

Day.

1.... ..........

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

3,270

3,680

1,760

1,470

7,730

8,310

2,040

1,890

1,760

1,540

1,470

1,410

1,410

1,290

2,190

1,750

1,470

1,610

2,040

4,110

4,540

3,270

3,270

2,340

1,350

1,360

1,350

1,230

1,110

1,050

935

Nov.

830

780

780

730

680

590

590

590

680

680

730

730

880

1,110

2,190

3,680

3,430

1,110

2,490

2,110

1,750 i ton

i *>on

1,290

1,110

2,650

2 40ft

1,750

Dec.

1,540

1,470

1,410

1,290

1,110

1,110

1,110

1,110

1,110

1,110

1,110

1,750

2,040

1,750

1,350

1,470

1,610

7,350

17,200

15,400

12,600

6,780

3,270

2,720

2 XQft

3 940

2,880

13,200

18,000

19 * 600

Jan.

16,600

12,300

4,540

4,540

3,510

3,110

3,680

3,680

3,680

3,270

3,110

2 79ft

4,110

6,970

7,160

4,110

4,110

3,110

*> Qfift

2,650

2 4Qft

4,110

S

cnn

S fiQft

8,690

4 110

3 040

2 QTIA

2,490

Feb.

7,540

12,800

15,600

14,400

8,310

4,800

4,370

3,430

3,600

4,280

3,680

3 97ft

2,880

3,430

2,880

2,800

2,650

2,650

2,490

2 340

2,110

1,960

6,600

5,870

3,600

2,880

2

«cn

4,720

Mar.

6,970

7,250

8,110

6,140

4 4"ift

3,680

4,110

5,330

4 540

3^600

3,270

3,110

2,490

2

AGf\

*> 4Qft

2 4QA

2 490

2 340

2 OCA

*> 1QA

2,110

1 QftA

1 960

I OftA

1,960

2 340

2,650

9 4Qn

2,340

2 * 040

Apr.

1,890

1,890

1,890

1,890

1,890

1,750

2,110

1,960

i 7fy\

1

7cn

1 7^

1,750

1 750 i* *7fy\

1

7 en

1 750

1^750

i 7fyi

i 7&n

1,540

1 540

1*540

1 540

1^540

1,410

1,410

May.

1,410

1,290

1,290

1,290

1,290

1,230

1,230

1,110

1,110

1,110

' QQA

QOC

QOC

830

830

830

830

830

COn

5,600

3 43ft

*> f\Af\

1 ^Aft

1 540

1^410

1 CQrt

2 

' 340

June.

1,540

1,540

1,350

1,230

1,230

1 230

1^540

1 540

1^350

1,110

1,110

1

7en

3 O7H

1 7fift

2 4.0ft

5,690

5,690

2 con

9 400

2,110

1 7*»ft

1,410

1,110

1,110

1 7KA

i SQA

1,890

1 540

1^410

1,110

July.

1,110

1,110

1,110

1,110

1,110

1,110

1,410

5,420

16,100

OA fWl

22,600

23,600

23,700

22,000

17,600

9 660

7 Qf^ft

9 17ft

10 200

8',690

c 070

5,870

9,170

8,690

8

*V| A

5,420

4,980

3,270

3

«VTrt

3,270

2,880

Aug.

9 1CA

2,4f>

2,4f>

2,4f^

2,340

2 1T>

2,11^

2,110

2,110

3 6f a

3,270

2,4f*

2,4ff>

2,4f>

3,270

2,4f>

2,110

1,750

1,750

1,750

1,410

1,410

1,410

1,410

1,410

1,410

1,110

1,110

Sept.

880

880

830

830

830

830

830

830

830

2,110

830

830

830

880

830

830

830

830

830

830

830

830

830

830

con

830

830

830

oon

2,1W
48 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PAET II.

Monthly discharge of Oostanaula River at Resaca, Ga.,for the year ending Sept. 30, 1916. 

[Drainage area, 1,610 square miles.]

Month.

May...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

8,310 

3,680 

19,600 

16,600 

15,600 

8,110 

2,110 

5,600 

5,690 

23,700 

3,680 

2,110

23,700

Minimum.

935 

590 

1,110 

2,490 

1,960 

1,960 

1,410 

830 

1,110 

1,110 

1,110 

830

590

Mean.

2,390 

1,420 

4,910 

4,870 

4,850 

3,370 

1,750 

1,550 

1,930 

8,550 

2,050 

919

3,220

Per 

square 

mile.

1.48 

.882 

3.05 

3.02 

3.01 

2.09 

1.09 

.963 

1.20 

5.31 

1.27 

.571

2.00

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.71 

.98 

3.52 

3.48 

3.25 

2.41 

1.22 

1.11 

1.34 

6.12 

1.46 

.64

27.24

COOSA RIVER AT RIVERSIDE, ALA.

LOCATION. At Southern Railway bridge at Riverside, St. Clair County, 1 mile 

above mouth of Bhie Eye Creek, 4 miles below Lock 4, 5 miles above the uncompleted Lock 5, and 7 miles above Choccolocco Creek.

DRAINAGE AREA. 7,060 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. September 25,1896, to September 30,1916.

GAGE. Chain gage attached to right bank end of downstream side of railroad bridge, 

read by J. E. Whitehead. Original wire gage was on downstream side of bridge 

near middle of river.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of railroad bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed of stream rocky; permanent. Control composed of 

rock ledges below bridge; permanent.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 21.4 feet at 12 in; 

July 10 (discharge, 82,600 second-feet); minimum stage, 1.7 f?et November 13, 

May 18-20, September 27-28 (discharge, 3,660 second-feet).

1896-1916: Maximum stage recorded July 10, 1916; minimum stage, 0.35 foot 

October 20 to November 1, 1904 (discharge, 1,220 second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation not affected by ice.

REGULATION. Flow is not affected to any extent by operation of navigation locks; 

locks seldom operated.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent. Rating curve well 

defined below 50,000 second-feet; above that point curve is an extension. Gage 

read to tenths twice daily. Daily discharge ascertained by applying mean daily 

gage heights to rating table. Records may be subject to error, as no discharge 

measurements have been more since 1911.
MOBILE RIVER, BASIN. 49

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Coosa River at Riverside, Ala., for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1916.

Day.

1.. ............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26...............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30.............. 

31..............

Oct.

5,970

11,000

13,800

13,400

14,500

15,300

19,800

20,600

17,100

13,100

T

^EA

5,420

4,380

5,970

10,300

10,300

14,200

16,000

13,100

20,600

29,000

34,500

34,500

9°. onn

18,300

13,800

10,600

8,060

7 140

6,250 

5,420

Nov.

5,420

4,900

4,900

4,380

4,380

5 Ron

3 OQn

3,890

3 Ron

3 SOft

S ftOft

3,890

3,660

4 640

5,700

6,540

6,840

8,380

9 980

11^000

10,300

9 660

8^380

7,140

6

KAf\

5,700

6

KAf\

7,140

7,140

8,060

Dee.

7,750

7,140

6,250

5,970

5,420

4,900

4,380

4,380

4,380

3 son

3

QQA

4 640

5,160

5,420

6,250

7,140

S ftfift

99 OAft

39,200

45,100

46 800

44' 300

42^200

Q7 EAA

32,800

19,000

IQ AfV)

12,700

35,800

50,700 

53,700

Jan.

53,700 EO 4nn

51,500

49 000

46,000

32,400

91 ftnn

14,500

19 000

16^400

15,300

16 400

20^600

22 700

OQ cnfi

23,100

91 nnn

ift ^inn

16 400

14^500

12,400

17,100

27,300

QE Qftn

oA onn

31,500

27,300

24,800

20,200

15,300 

15,300

Feb.

20,600

34,500

44,300

46,000

44 700

V7 win

OQ nnn

o-i onA

IQ 3nn

17 >sm

17 fiffl

14,500 IQ son

13 400

11,700

10,300

9,660

9 660

9' 660

9,660

9,340

9,020

9,020

8,700

8,380

9,020

in Ann

11 300 ioJ nnn

Mar.

11 inn

14.200

16.400

n

enn

19,000

20.200

ift 'rnn

19,000

20,600

1Q 4ftft

17,100

H oon

10 nnn

10,600

9 °.4fl

8,700

7,440

7,140

7,140

7,140

6,840

6,540

6,540

6,250

5,970

8,060

9 Q,sn

10,300

10,300

9,660 

9,020

Apr.

8,380

8,380

8,060

7 440

7 140

6,540

7

7Crt

12,400

10 nnn

10,300

9 340

8J Qsn

7 7Cfl

7 140

6 540

6.840

6,840

6,840

7,140

7 140

6 540

6^540

6 540

5^970

5,970

5,700

5,420

5 160

4,900

May.

4,900

4,900

4,380

4,380

4,380

4,380

4,380

4,380

4,380

3

QQA

3,890

3,890

3,890

3,890

3.890

3 son

3,660

3,660

4,380 7 7i*n

14,500

20,600

22,300

23,100 17 EAn

13,400

9 660

9' 660 

12,000

June.

13,400

11,700

8,380

6,840

5,420

5,420

9,020

9 qdf1

7 7*tf*

5 Q70

5,160

9 340

14,200

12 000

10^600

9 970

9

-Q4A

11,300

13 400

11,000

9,020

7 140

5,' 700

5,420

5,420

5,970

6

KA(\

5,970

5,970

5,420

July.

4 900

5,970

6,540

5,970

6/540

6,840

no Qftft

52,400

68,100

77 900

77 Wl

76,200

77 900

79*200

QA' cnn

82.200

80,100

77,100

79 nnn

62,600

58,800

53,200

45,600

46,800

46 400

43,400 QK onn

23,100

1ft Qfift

15,300 

13,400

4ug.

11,70"

11,00"

11,70"

11,70"

11,000

11, 70"

10,600

10,300

14 50"

14*20"

13,10"

13,10"

14 50"

14 90"

10' mv\

13,80"

13,40"

11,300

10,300

7,4*0

7, 1*0

7,140

7.140

9 fifn

9,020

7 iiin

6,250

5,970

5,42" 

5, IP"

Sept.

5,160

4,610

4,380

4,900

5,160

4,900

4,380

4,380

4,640

5,420

6,540

6,250

5,420

4,900

4,380

4,380

4,380

4,380

3,890

3.890

3,890

3,890

3,890

3,890

3,660

3,660

6,250

5,420

Monthly discharge of Coosa River at Riverside, Ala., for the year ending Sept. SO, 1916. 

[Drainage area, 7,060 square miles.]

Month.

October. ......................................

December .....................................

April....:.....................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

D

Maximum.

34,500

11,000

53,700

53,700

46,000

20,600

12,400

23,100

14,200

82,200

14,900

6,540

82,200

ischarge in s

Minimum.

4,380

3,660

3,890

12,400

8,380

5,970

4,900

3,660

5,160

4,900

5,160

3,660

3,660

econd-feet

Mean.

14,300

6,150

19,000

26,100

18,000

11,900

7,390

7,660

8,400

46,000

10,500

4,660

15,100

Per 

square 

mile.

2.03

.871

2.69

3.70

2.55

1.69

LOs

1.08

1.19

6.52

1.49

.660

2.14

Run-off

inches on 

drainage 

area).

2.34

.97

3.10

4.27

2.75

1.95

1.17

1.24

1.33

7.52

1.72

.74

29 10

ETOWAH RIVER NEAR BALL GROUND, GA.

LOCATION. At iron wagon bridge 3 miles southeast of Ball Ground and a quarter of a 

mile below mouth of Longswamp Creek.

DRAINAGE AREA. 466 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. May 16, 1907, to December 31, 1915, when station was discontinued.

16237° I& WSP 432 1
50 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART II.

GAGE. Chain gage attached to upstream side of bridge, installed August 18, 1908, to 

replace vertical staff gage 75 feet below bridge. Chain gage set so as to read same 

as vertical staff at low stages; readings at other stages differ only slightly. Gage 

read by Miss Ethel Long.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from upstream side of bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Left bajik not subject to overflow, but rigl t bank is overflowed during high stages for about 500 feet beyond end of bridge approach. 

Control somewhat shifting.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. 1907-1915: Maximum stage recorded, 20.0 feet at 5 p. m. 

December 29, 1915 (discharge, 16,000 second-feet); minimum sta.-je recorded, 1.4 

feet at 6 a. m. July 28, 1914 (discharge, 165 second-feet).

REGULATION. Operation of a number of mills above may cause slight variations in 

flow.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation probably permanent for period for which records are given. Bating curve fairly well denned. Gage read twi°e daily to halftenths. Discharge ascertained by applying mean daily gage heights to rating 

table. Records fair.

No discharge measurements were made during the year.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Etowah River near Ball Ground, Ga.,for period Oct. 1

to Dec. 31, 1915.

Day.

1.. .......

2.........

5.........

6.........

7.........

8.........

9.........

10.........

Oct.

2.440

780

480

3,450

880

600

500

Nov.

560

560

520

520

520

Dec.

520

500

480

480

480

480

462

Day.

11.........

12.........

13.........

14.........

15.........

16.........

17.........

18........

19

20.........

Oct.

480

445

2,230

2,230

980

735

645

o Qon

Nov.

500

480

560

830

830

690

580

560

780

Dec.

520

780

600

560

520

580

S80

10,500

3,770

1,550

Day.

21.........

22.........

23.........

24.........

25.........

26.........

27.........

28.........

29.........

30.........

31.........

Oct.

1.740

1,550

1.250

080

830

6PO

735

690

600

600

580

Nov.

690

600

560

540

560

560

560

540

540

520

Dec.

1.200

980

930

830

880

1,030

880

880

34.900

7; 300

2,300

Monthly discharge of Etowah River near Ball Ground, Ga.,for the period Oct. 1 to-Dee. 31,

1915.

I Drainage area, 466 square miles.]

Month.

October. .............. .......................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

4,610 

980 

14,900

Minimum.

445 

480 

445

Mean.

1.240 

589 

1,840

Per 

square 

mile.

2.66 

1,26 

3.95

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

3.07 

1.41

 1.55

ETOWAH RIVER NEAR ROME, GA.

LOCATION. At Freemans Ferry, which is a railroad stop on the Nashville, Chattanooga 

& St. Louis Railway branch line from Kingston to Rome, 1 irile downstream 

from mouth of Dikes Creek, and 5 miles upstream from Rome, Floyd County, 

where the Etowah and Oostanaula rivers unite to form Coosa River.

DRAINAGE AREA. 1,800 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. August 17, 1904, to September 30, 1916.
MOBILE RIVER BASIN. 51

GAGE. Vertical staff in three sections on left bank, 250 feet downstream from ferry; 

read by R. M. Pattillo.

DISCHABGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from boat held in place by ferry cable. Measurements can not be made at high water.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed composed of rock, boulders, and gravel; practically 

permanent. Banks subject to overflow at extremely high stages. A shoal 

immediately below gage forms control. '

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 27.0 fret at 12 

p. m. July 11 (approximate discharge, obtained from extension of rating curve, 

45,400 second-feet); minimum stage, 1.95 feet at 7 a. m. and 6 p. m., October 13 

(discharge, 1,040 second-feet).

1904-1916: Maximum stage recorded July 11, 1916; previous to 1909 highwater rating was not defined and estimates based on an extension of the rating 

curve are considerably too large, as shown by later measurements; minimum 

stage, 1.2 feet October 10 and 24, 1904 (discharge, 360 second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation not affected by ice.

REGULATION. The operation of a few small mills upstream apparently has no effect 

on flow.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent. Rating curve well 

denned below 4,000 second-feet and extended tangent above that point. Gage 

read to half-tenths twice daily. Daily discharge ascertained by applying mean 

daily gage heights to rating table. Records good below 4,000 second-feet; determinations above that point subject to error because of impossibility of obtaining flood discharge measurements.

The following discharge measurement was made by M. R. Hall: 

November 2, 1915: Gage height, 2.45 feet; discharge, 1,590 second-feet.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Etowah River near Rome, Ga.,for the year ending Sept.

30, 1916.

Day.

-1.. ............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7.. ............

8..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23.............. 

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30.............. 

31..............

Oct.

2,640

3,640

2,060

1,600

4,720

6,520

2,640

1,540

1 Ofift

1,090

1,090

1,090

1,040

3,640

12,100

6,160

2,490

2,200

,5,980

24 700

14,100

7 060

6*520 

4,360

2,960

2,340

2 34n

2 200

2*060

1,790 

1,790

Nov.

1,660

1,600

1,540

1,540

1,480

1,480

1,420

1,420

1,300

1,300

1,250

1,200

1,790

2,060

2,340

2,200

2,060

2,060

2,060

1,920

1,790

1,660

1,660 

1,540

1,420

1,420

1 660 i* zdfi

1,420

1,420

Dec.

1,360

1,360

1,360

1,300

1,300

1,300

1,300

1,250

1,250

1,250

1,200

1,200

1,420

1,300

1,300

1,540

2,490

22,400

26,300 i<> Ann

4.360

3

A7A

2,960 

2,800

2,640

2,640

2,640

2 fi4A

29,000

37,800 

30,300

Jan.

13,200

7,240

4,360

3,640

3,470

3,300

3,300

3,130

2,960

2,860

9 Rdn

2,490

4,180

5,260

3,640

2,800

2 <un

2,490

2,490

O QAft

9 ^4fl

2 960

2*960 

2,800

9 fun

2 ,1 QT|

2,490

2,340 

2,200

Feb.

7,600

16,600

13,400

7,600

5,440

3,640

3,300

3,130

2

QAA

4,180

3,640

3,300

3,130

2,960

9 fi4A

2,640

2 fun

2,490

9 4Qn

9 34A

2 340

2*340

2*340 

2 640

2' 34fi

2,340

2 340

2* 340

2' ftdrt

Mar.

2,340

4,540

4,360

3,640

3,300

2,800

3.300

3.130

2,960

2,640

2,640

2,640

2.640

2,640

9 jlQfi

2,490

2

AQf\

2,490

2 S4A

2 34/1

2,200

2,200 

2 060 o'fWl

2 S4A

2,200

2 f\fif\

2 340

2' 060 

2,060

Apr.

2,200

2,060

1,920

1,790

1,790

2,490

3,300

2,640

2,200

2,060

2,060

2,060

1,920

1,920

1,920

1,920

1,920

1 790

1,790

1 790

l'?90 

1 790

1 ' 7Qfi

1 7QO

1 790

1*660

1*660

1,660

May.

1,600

1,600

1,540

1,540

1,540

1,540

1,480

1.480

1,480

1,420

1.420

1,360

1,300

1,300

1,250

1,200

1,200

1,200

1 140

l'l40

1,090

2 34n

7,600 

11 600 '/Qftfl

S fiflft

3

onfl

2,060

3 ion

2,640 

2,340

June.

2,200

2,200

2,060

2,060

2,060

2,060

1,920

1,790

1,540

1,540

2,060

3,640

2,960

2,800

2,640

2,960

1,920

1,660

1,600

1 >idf\

I

KAfl

1,420 

1,420

o ftfift

2 *Ufi

2

ncA

1 7Qft

1,660

1,600

July.

2,340

1,790

1,600

1,360

1,140

3,300

6,160

18,800

31,000

40,000

44,700

40,000

29,900

21,300

17,300

13,900

13,000

11,600

10,300

9 040

6,880

14,300

10,800

8 ADA

6,520

5,080

4,720

4 360

4*000

3.640 

3,300

Aug.

2.960

2,800

3'. 640

6',520

4,360

1SUOO

£,860

6,880

4 720

r,260

4,720

4,180

S,640 a\30o

?,490

4,180

4,000

?,640

f,300

?,8QO

2,340 " tdfi

2.340 

" 340

?J 200

?,200

2,060

2

ncA

1,920

1,920 

1,790

Sept.

2,490

2,340

2,340

2,340

2,340

2,200

2,200

2,060

1,920

1,790

1,790

1,660

1 660 I'eoo

1,540

1,540

i iwn

1,540

1,540

1 AO/l

1 dftO

1,420

1,420 

1,420

1,420

1,360

1,300

1,300

S CfiA

2,640
52

Monthly dit

SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART II.

of Etawdh River near Rome, Ga.,for the year endinj Sept. SO, 1916. 

[Drainage area, 1,800 square miles.]

Month.

October. ......................................

July...................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

24,700 

2,340 

37,800 

13,200 

16,600 

4,540 

3,300 

11,600 

3,640 

44,700 

12,100 

5,800

44,700

Minimum.

1,040 

1.200 

1,200 

2,200 

2,340 

2,060 

1,660 

1,090 

1,420 

1,140 

1,790 

1,300

1,040

Mean.

4,380 

1,640 

6,670 

3.440 

4,060 

2,640 

1,980 

- 2,500 

2,070 

12,600 

3,800 

1,920

4,000

Per 

square 

mile.

2.43 

.911 

3.71 

1.91 

2.26 

1.47 

1.10 

1.39 

1.15 

7.00 

2.11 

1.07

2.22

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

2.80 

1.02 

4.28 

2.20 

2.44 

1.70 

1.23 

1.60 

1.28 

8.07 

2.43 

1.19

30.24

TALLAPOOSA RIVER AT STTTRDEVANT, ALA.

LOCATION. At bridge of Central of Georgia Railway, one-fourth mile west of Sturdevant, Tallapoosa County, and 5 miles below mouth of Hillabee Creek.

DRAINAGE AREA. 2,460 square miles (2,500 square miles used in computing table 

of monthly means, published in Water-Supply Papers 322 and f 52 for years 1912 

and 1913).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. July 19, 1900, to September 30, 1916.

GAGE. Vertical staff on right bank about 2,000 feet upstream from bridge; installed 

August 20, 1906; read by A. L. Stowe. Original gage, a staff attached to pier of 

railroad bridge, was read until July 10,1905, when the present gage was substituted 

for the chain gage because it was impossible to obtain an observer for chain gage. 

From August 21, 1906, to September 30, 1915, readings on the present staff gage 

were reduced to datum of original gage by means of comparative readings; since 

October 1, 1915, gage heights have been obtained from reading* on the present 

staff gage without reference to datum of old gage, which has been removed.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from a plank walk resting on lower members of 

deck of railroad bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed rough and rocky; permanent. At eytreme high stage 

water overflows banks. Control is a series of rock ledges and si oals below gage; 

permanent.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 22.5 feet at 5 p. m. 

December 29 (discharge, 58,200 second-feet); minimum stage, 0.88 foot at4 p. m. 

June 13 (discharge, 968 second-feet).

1900-1916: Maximum stage recorded December 29,1915; minimum stage, 0.2 

foot (old datum) October 25-29, 1904 (discharge, 250 second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation not affected by ice.

REGULATION. Practically none.

ACCURACY. Control permanent. Stage-discharge relation unchanged to September 

30, 1915. New rating curve used' for period beginning October 1, 1915, when 

reference of staff gage readings to the original gage was discontirued; curve well 

defined between 500 and 20,000 second-feet and extended above 20,000 secondfeet. Gage read to hundredths twice daily.

As no current-meter measurement had been made since 1911, records of daily 

discharge in 1914 and 1915 were withheld from publication because of uncertainty 

regarding applicability of rating curve. Old curve has, however, been checked 

by measurement in 1916 and has been applied to the gage-height records for 1914 

and 1915. Records 1914 to 1916, good.
MOBILE RIVER BASIN. 53

The following discharge measurement was made by Warren E. Hall: 

April 6, 1916: Gage height, 2.60 feet; discharge, 2,500 second-feet.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Tallapoosa River at Sturdevant, Ala., Oct. 1, 1913,

to Sept. 30, 1916.

Day.

1913-14. 

1. .............

2..............

3..............

4.............. 5..........:...

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24... ..........

25..............

26..............

97

28..............

29.............. 

30.............. 

31..............

1914-15. 

1. .............

2..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

19

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

97

28..............

29..............

30...'...........

31..............

Oct.

6,500

3, 770

2,140

1,560

1,180

985

848

848

709

782

7CA

690

662

608

KOn

K0n

880

2 Qfifl

3,430

2,530

2,020

4,320

3

joA

2,670

2,020

1 78ft

1,360 

1,270 

1,270

720

1,780

1 900

l'270

QOC

915

QQK

QOC

880

782

750

662

848

1,780

4,710

5,770

3,430

2 Ann

1,560

1,270

1.060

QCA

815

782

750

750

720

635

690

690

690

Nov.

1,180

1,100

1 060

1 fifift

1,020

QQK

1 flftft

1,060

1 ftfift

1,020

QQK

985

QOK

QOK

QQK

985

1 060

1 060

1* fifift

985

QOK

QOK

01 *.

O1 %

915

QOK

1,060 

1,020

690

690

635

635

635

635

ftAfl

690

635

635

750

915

4,510

S fifiA

2,400

1,780

1,460

1,270

I

rtftA

950

815

750

782

950

1,270

3 430

4^510

Dec.

1 360

2

? Qlft

2

01 A

2

01 A

1 900

1 7°A

2 14A

1 900

1,780

1,560

1,460

1 360

l'270

t 97ft

1 JAft

1,460

1 360

1 360

1,270

1,270

1,270

1,270

1,270

i win

1,780

1 7Qft

1 f\ftA

3.770 

4,130 

4,130

3 77ft

2

0-1 A

2,670

K KKft

ift &nn

5,550

3 600

2 Of A

2,400

1 Qflft

1,780

2,140

2

01 A

2

01 A

2

RQA

2,140

1 900

1,780

1,780

1,780

1 Qftft

1 900

1* onn

S QfiO.

6,010

6,500

4,710

S

een

9,720

7.020 1

Jan.

3,110

3,110

2

01 A

2,400

2,140

1 OHO.

1,780

1,780

1,670

1,560

1 460

i 4fift

1 360

1 360

l'360

I

Ofift

1 ^fiA

1,460

1 ^fift

1 460

1,360

i 7cn

1,780

1,670 

2,140 

4,130

4,710

3,430

2

01 A

2,400

5

KKA

14,900

10,000

6,010

4,710

4,510

6,550

4,510

3 fiflA

3

O7A

10 300

14 900

14,300

10,000

6,500

4,710

4 910

15^900

14,300

10 800

8

f|CA

6,010

4,710

4,130

3.770

Feb.

3 77ft

3 97ft

2,530

1,900

1 7ftft

6,010

9 44ft

6,010

4,130

3,110

2,530

2 400

2

01 A

2 400

2J lift

1 900

2^020 9 4fin

2

01 ft

2,400

2 140

1' QAft

2,140

9 4flft

9 d ft

30 600

18* 800

14 900

8

' QQft

6,760

5,770

4 910

4,510

4,130

3,770

S flftft

3,430

3 77ft

9,720

9 1 fin

7,020

5 1 on

4,510

4,130

3 77ft

3 600

3

' QK-ft

8

OOA

9 79ft

7 onn

* F^ft

4,510

Mar.

2 QRfi

2

Q1 A

9 fi7ft

2 jftft

2,140

2,020

1 900

1 900

1 7Sfl

1 7Sfl

1,780

3 77ft

3,770

3,110

2,670

2 400

2 140

1 900

1,780

2,020

2 400

2,400

2 400

2,140

I Q/yi

2,020

2,020

2,140 

2,140

6,500

4,130

3 77ft

3 77ft

3 77ft

11,700

10,300

7,800

4 910

4^510

4

1QA

3 950

3' 77ft

3 600

3 4.3ft

3,430

3,430

3 97ft

3,110

3,270

3,110

3,110

2 OfiA

2,810

2,810

9 Gift

2,810

O 01 ft

2,810

3.430

Apr.

10,800

o OOA

5,120

3,770

2 960

o g7Q

2 j.nn

3 77ft

4,910

A. 1^ft

3 77ft

3,110

2,670

11,400

18,400

11,700 7 onn

4 910

4,510

6,760

4 910

3,770

3,110

2 Gift

2,670

2,400

2,140 

2,400

3

CAA

3,430

3,110

2 01 ft

9 Gift

2,670

2 fi7ft

2

COA

2

KQA

2

cqn

2 400

9? *>7ft

2 97ft

9 97rt

2

1 Jrt

2 140

2*140

2*140

2,020

2,020

1 900

1 900

1*900

1* *7Sfl

2 14A

I

nnft

2,140

1 onft

1,780

May.

9 4ftfl

2 4rtn

2 140

1 900

1 900

1,780

1,780

2 140

1,780

1 900

1 7Sft

1,560

1,460

1 Qfifi

1,270

1,270

1,180

1,270

1,270

1,270

1,180

1 1 0ft

1,100

I

rtftft

OS*?

OftS

915

915

848 

848 

915

1

7QA

1,670

1,560

1 f\AA

1,560

1 900

15^200

1O J.IY1

10,300

4,710

5,330

4,510

3 77ft

3,110

2 Gift

2 97ft

2 14A

1,900

1,780

1,780

1,670

1,670

1 7ftft

1,670

1,670

2 97ft

7,280

4,710

3,600

2.670

June.

0115

1,020

1,560

2,670

2 97ft

1,780

1 7fift

1 360

1,020

2 140

1^180

1 560

1,460

i Qftn

1 ^fifl

3,430

1 900

1,560

I

ifin

950

<TOO

530

530

635 

662

2 400

2 QfiO

2

CQA

2 140

1^780

1,670

1,670

2

CQA

1 7Sfl

1,360

1,270

1,270

I

Oflfl

1,560

1,780

1,560

1 360

1 ' 7Sft

1,270

985

C4.Q

 709

782

815

QKft

1,060

3,770

2,670

July.

rccK

480

1,670 

915

1,180

*700

KQA

880

1,100 

01 f\

530

458

985

6,010

2 i/m

1,560

O1 P\

720

635

608

2,020 

2,670 

2,810

3,950

21,000

15,200

7,540

15,600

26,800

6,500

4,130

6,500 10 nnn

11,400

5,120

3,110

2

COA

2 14A

2 Gift

2

Af\(\

1 QfMl

I

Ofift

1 360

1 1 fift

1,100

1,100

1,060

985

915

848

782

750

750

Aug.

i onn

1,460

1,270

1 £fiA

1,270

1,560

1,060

OOA

1,100 e,oio

4,130

r OQA

 i 95Q

£,400

1,780

1,460

I'.IOO

' 950

' o*;ft

1,060

l',780

1",270

1,020

2 97ft

1 (\fift

1,020 

950 

1,360

7CA

AQC

1.270

815

750

7KA

690

690

690

4 130

3 110

2,020

1,670

1 360

1,180

1,020 QI<;

1.560

4 130

2,810

2 vjn

1,780

1,780

2,810

2,140

1,180

i,020

915

1,060 '985

Sept

1,0"0

QCft

1,100 

1,270

1

1 on

CJ.fi

AftQ

Bft^

JJ5S

555

QAQ

1 560 jua

(*f\O

KOA

720

fiflC

fiK9

1 P\fiA

1,180

Vtf\

wv\

662

608 

608

1,060

QOK

700

782

on enn

12,400

9 1fifi

3 77ft

2,140

1,670

1 360

1^180

1,060

I

rtftft

1,180

QOK

1,270

1,020

950

on;

848

782

750

?20

635

5SO

530

505

1,900
54 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PABT II.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Tallapoosa River at Sturdevant, Ala., Oct. 1, 1913, 

to Sept. SO, 1916 Continued.

Day.

1915-16. 

1..............

2............1.

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

91

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

9.060

7,360

3,760

2,750

2,880

3,450

2,750

2,150

1,720

1,530

1,320

1,200

1,120

2,380

7 sun

4,800

3,020

2,150

7,360

27,300

16,500

18.900

10,400

4,090

2,880

2,620

2,380

2,150

1,930

1,930

1,720

Nov.

1,720

1,620

1,530

1,440

1,360

1,360

1,280

1,200

1,120

1,440

1,720

1,530

1,080

3,760

3,300

2,750

4,620

3,760

o 7rrt

2,260

1,930

1,720

1,620

1,820

2,880

2,620

2,150

Dec.

1,930

1,720

1,720

1,620

1,720

1,930

1,930

1,820

1,720

1,620

1,720

2,880

2,880

2,620

2,380

2,150

3,760

26,700

18,600

14 400

7 600

4*440

3,450

3,020

3,160

3,450

3,300

3,600

54,900

41,100

28,500

Jan.

22,800

9

QAf\

6,880

5,170

4,800

4,260

3,920

3,450

3,160

3,160

3,160

3,450

9

QAf\

8,560

5,960

4,620

4,800

4,090

3,760

3,450

3

OAft

4,090

4,440

4,090

3,600

3

onrt

3,160

3,160

3,020

2,880

2,880

Feb.

18,900

*n 7ftn

21,000

14,700

8,320

5,960

5,170

4,80*

4,440

4,090

4,260

4,260

4,620

4,440

3,920

3,760

3,450

3,300

3,160

3 1flfl

3,020

3,020

3,020

4,440

3,760

3

ARf\

3,160

5,5.50

9 

'

840

.......

Mar.

6,880

5,170

5,170

3,760

3,760

6,400

8,320

5,750

4,440

3,920

3,450

3,160

3,160

3,020

2,880

2,880

2,750

2,750

2,620

2,620

2,620

2,620

2,500

2,500

i dan

5,550

3,920

3,450

3,160

2,880

Apr.

2,620

2,750

2,880

2,880

2,750

2,620

3,160

4,620

5,170

4,090

3,450

3,020

2,880

2,620

2,620

2,500

2,500 9 7>ai

2,620

9 18ft

9 OftA

2,260

2,260

2,380

3,160

2,150

2,040

1,930

1 930

1^930

May.

1,820

1,820

1,720

1,720

1,720

1,720

1,720

1,620

1,530

1,530

1,440

1,400

1,320

1,320

1 9/lfl

1,200

1,280

1 440

l',400

1,360

1,320

1,320

2,040

4,090

8,320

6 1 Sfi

3,450

2,500

1,720

2,260

June.

3,160

2,620

1,820

1,930

1,620

i ddft

1,320

1,200

1,400

1,320

1,160

1,050

980

3,450

4,260

4

AAf\

3,160

2,500

2,150

1,620

1,360

1,620

2,750

2,620

Q Cfift

3,020

2,380

2,260

2 040

1^930

July.

£,500

1,720

£,040

1,320

1,720

7 360

30*900

42,900

40,500

37,200

36,900

2P. 800

14,700

15,600

7 fiflfl

9,320

10,600

8,080

9,840

11 9flft

1? 600

13* 000

11,400

11,100

Q ^I9ft

8,800

11,400

'9,320

5,550

7,600

4,620

Aug.

3,160

5,960

4 osft

A Adn

4,440

3,450

4 260

3^760

3,920

3,300

2,880

2,880

5,550

3,450

Q <inn

2,880

2,750

4,440

9 SSfl

9 vm

2,260

2,040

1,930

1,820

1,720

1,720

2,150

3,300

2,880

Sept.

1,930

9 9fin

3,300

2,260

1,820

1,720

1,720

1,620

2,880

1,930

2,620

1,720

1 530

1,720

3,920

2,750

1 720

1,720

2,750

1,620

i Ann

1,400

1,280

1,280

1,200

1,160

1,120

1,080

1.820

1 400

NOTE. Discharge determined from a rating curve well defined from 500 second-feet to 20,000 second 

feet and extended tangent above 20,000 second-feet.
MOBILE RIVER BASIN. 55

Monthly discharge of Tallapoosa River at Sturdevant, Ala., for the period Oct. 1,1913, to

Sept. SO, 1916.

[Drainage area, 2,460 square miles.]

Month.

 1913-14. 

October. ......................................

January. . .....................................

April..........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

August ................................

The year. ...............................

1914-15. 

October. .................................. ...

November. ....................................

December. ....................................

January

February. .............................

April..........................................

May...........................................

June...................................... ..

July...........................................

August. . ..................................

September ....................................

The year ................................

1915-16. 

October. ......................................

November............................ . ..

January. ......................................

February. .............................. . March........... ... ..

April............................... ..

May. . .

June ............................. ....

July...........................................

August ........................................

September ....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

6.500 

1,180 

4,130 

4,130 

9,440 

6,500 

18,400 

2,400 

3,430 

6,010 

7.280 

1,560

18,400

5,770 

8,600 

10,800 

15,900 

30,600 

11,700 

3,600 

19,400 

3,770 

26,800 

4, 130 

32,500

32,500

27,300 

4,620 

54,900 

22,800 

23,700 

8,320 

5,170 

8,320 

4,440 

42,900 

5,960 

3,920

54,900

Minimum,

580 

915 

1,270 

1,360 

1,780 

1 780 

2,140 

848 

530 

458 

880 

458

458

635 

635 

1,670 

2,400 

3,430 

2,810 

1,780 

1,560 

782 

750 

690 

505

505

1,120 

1,120 

1,620 

2,880 

3,020 

2,500 

1,930 

1,200 

980 

1,320 

1,720 

1,080

980

Mean.

1,810 

1,020 

1,880 

1,900 

3,040 

2,440 

5,230 

1,440 

1,390 

1,330 

2,080 

820

2,020

1,380 

1,670 

3.650 

7,050 

8,100 

4,150 

2,330 

3,860 

1,640 

5,330 

1,550 

2,800

3,610

5,210 

2,090 

8,140 

5,070 

6,510 

3,900 

2,770 

2,110 

2,210 

14,000 

3,270 

1,890

4,780

Per 

square 

mile.

0.736 

.415 

.764 

.772 

1.24 

.992 

2.13 

.585 

.565 

.541 

.846 

.333

.821

,561 

.679 

1.48 

2.87 

3.29 

1.69 

.947 

1.57 

.667 

2.17 

.630 

1.14

1.47

2.12 

.850 

3.31 

2.06 

2.65 

1.59 

1.13 

.858 

.898 

5.69 

1.33 

.768

1.94

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.85 

.45 

.88 

.89 

1.29 

1.14 

2.38 

.67 

.63 

.62 

.98 

.37

11.15

.65 

.76 

1.71 

3.31 

3.43 

1.95 

1.06 

1.81 

.74 

2.50 

.73 

1.27

19.92

2.44 

.95 

3.82 

2.38 

2.86 

1.83 

1.26 

.99 

1.00 

6.56 

1.53 

.86

26.48

MISCELLANEOUS MEASUREMENTS.

Measurements of streams at points other than those at which 

gaging stations were maintained were made in 1916 as followr:

Miscellaneous discharge measurements ^n south Atlantic and eastern Gulf of Mexico 

drainage basins during the year ending Sept. SO, 1916.

Date.

July 11

11

15

Sept. 29

Stream.

Ocmulgee River.

.....do...........

.....do..........

Withlacooche

River.

Tributary to 

Altamaha River ............

.....do......................

.....do......................

Locality.

Former gaging station, Macon, Ga. 

.....do......................

.....do......................

Bridge on road from Valdosta to Quitman, Ga., 

about 6 miles from Valdosta.

Gage 

heigl ft.

Feef.. 

022.78

22.32

9.89

<»>

Discharge.

Sec.-ft 

47,800

45,900

4,970

84

o Crest of flood, 23.1 feet at 8 a. m. Measurement begun at 8.30 a. m.

& Water surface 27.98 feet below top of downstream end of cap of third bent from left end of I ridge.
INDEX.

Accuracy of field data and computed results,

degrees of........................ 11-12

Acre-foot, definition of....................... 6

Alabama Geological Survey, cooperation by. 12 

Albany, Ga., Flint Riverat.................. 43-44

Altamaha River basin, gaging-station records

in............................... 31-36

Apalachicola River basin, Ga.-Ala.-Fla.,

gaging-station records in........ 37-45

Appropriations, annual, from 1895 to 1917.... 5

Authorization and scope of work............ 5-6

Ball Ground, Ga., Etowa River near........ 49-60

Beck, Ala., Conecuh River at................ 45-46

Buchanan, Va., James River at............. 12-14

Cartersville, Va., James River at............ 14-15

Central Georgia Power Co., cooperation by.. 12 

Chattahoochee River at West Point, Ga...... 39-40

near Norcross, Ga....................... 37-38

Columbus Power Co., cooperation by........ 12

Conecuh River at Beck, Ala................. 45-46

Control, definition of........................ 6

Cooperation, acknowledgments of............ 12

Coosa River at Riverside, Ala............... 48-49

Culloden, Ga., Flint River near............. 42-43

Data, accuracy of............................ 11-12

explanation of........................... 9-11

Dean, H. J., work of......................... 12

Department of Agriculture, Division of Drainage Investigations, cooperation 

by............................... 12

Discharge into run-off, tables for converting.. 7-8 

Discharge into theoretical horsepower, table

for converting................... 8

Donnaha, N. C., YadMn River at-.......... 19-20

Edisto River basin, 8. C., gaging-station records in.......................... 22-24

Equivalents, convenient..................... 7-9

Escambia River basin, Ala.-Fla., gaging station records in................... 45-46

Etowa River near Ball Ground, Ga.......... 49-50

near Rome, Ga.......................... 50-52

Fear, H.W., work of........................ 12

Flint River at Albany, Ga................... 43-44

near Culloden, Ga....................... 42-43

near Woodbury, Ga..................... 41

Four Hole Creek near RidgevUle, 8. C....... 22-24

Fraleys Ferry near Milledgeville, Ga., Oconee

River at......................... 35-36

Gaging station, typical, plate showing....... 10

Gaging stations, number of.................. 5

Georgia Railway & Power Co., cooperation

by.............................. 12

Greensboro, Ga., Oconee River near......... 32-35

Hall, B. M.,jr.,workof..................... 12

Hall, M. R., work of......................... 12

Hall, Warren E., direction by............... 12

Hopkins, B. L., work of..................... 12

James River at Buchanan, Va............... 12-14

at Cartersville, Va....................... 14-15

James River basin, Va., gaging-station records in.......................... 12-15

Juliette, Ga., Ocmulgee River at............ 31-32

Juliette Milling Co., cooperation by.......... 12

Lakemont, Ga., Tallulah River near......... 26-27

Lee, Lasley, work of..............t.......... 12

Macon, Ga., Ocmulgee River at.............. 55

Mathis, Ga., Tallulah River at.............. 27-29

Middlpbrooks, J. M., sr., cooperation 1 ^..... 12

Miner's inches, equivalents of................ 9

Mobile River basin, Ga.-Ala., gaging-station

records in....................... 46-55

Norcross, Ga., Chattahoochee River near.... 37-38

Ocmulgee River at Juliette, Ga.............. 31-32

at Macon, Ga............................ 55

Oconee River at Fraleys Ferry, nenr Milledgeville, Ga.................... 35-36

near Greensboro, Ga.................... 32-35

Old Gaston, N. C., Roanoke River at........ 17-18

Oostanaula River at Resaca, Ga............. 46-48

Peedee River basin, N. C.-S. C., gaging-station

records in....................... 19-22

Peterson, B. J., work of..................... 12

Price current meter, plate showing.......... 10

Resaca, Ga., Oostanaula River at............ 46-48

Ridgeville, S. C., Four Hole Creek near...... 22-24

Riverside, Ala., Coosa River at.............. 48-49

Roanoke River at Old Gaston, N. C. ......... 17-18

at Roanoke, Va......................... 15-17

Roanoke River Basin, N. C.-Va., gagiig-Btation records in................... 15-18

Rome, Ga., Etowa River near................ 50-52

Run-off (depth in inches), definition of...... 6

Salisbury, N. C., Yadkin River near......... 20-22

Savannah River basin, S. C.-Ga., gragingstation records in................ 24-31

Second feet, definition of..................... 6

Seed, Ga., Tallulah River near............... 24-25

Stage-discharge relation, definition of........ 6

Stevens, G. C., direction by................. 12

Sturdevant, Ala., Tallapoosa River at....... 52-55

Tallapoosa River at Sturdevant, Ala......... 52-55

Tallassee Power Co., cooperation by......... 12

57
58 INDEX.

Tallulah River at Mathis, Ga................ 27-29

near Lakemont, Ga...................... 2&-27

near Seed, Ga........................... 24-25

Terms, definition of......................... 6

Tiger Creek at Lakemont, Ga................ 29-31

Tiller, Miss E. M., work of................... 12

Tobler Creek near Yatesville, Ga............ 44-45

Valdosta, Ga., Withlacooche River near..... 55

Velocity in feet per second into velocity in 

miles per hour, table for converting.............................. 8

Virginia Railway & Power Co., cooperation by 12

Page. 

Water-stage recorders, plate sho^ng........ 11,

West Point, Ga., Chattahoochee River at.... 39-40

Williams, E.L., work of.................... 12

Withlacooche River near Valdorta, Ga....... 55

Woodbury, Ga., Flint River neir........... 41

Yadkin River at Donnaha, N. C............. 19-20

near Salisbury, N. C..................... 20-22

Yatesville, Ga., Tabler Creek near........... 44-45

Zero flow, point of, definition of............. 9
STREAM-GAGING STATIONS

AND

PUBLICATIONS RELATING TO WATER RESOURCES

PART II, SOUTH ATLANTIC AND EASTERN 

GULF OF MEXICO BASINS
STREAM-GAGING STATIONS AND PUBLICATIONS 

RELATING TO WATER RESOURCES.

INTRODUCTION.

Investigation of water resources by the United States Geological 

Survey has consisted in large part of measurements of the volume of 

flow of streams and studies of the conditions affecting that flow, but 

it has comprised also investigation of such closely allied subjects as 

irrigation, water storage, water powers, ground waters, and quality 

of waters. Most of the results of these investigations have been 

published in the series of water-supply papers, but some have appeared in the bulletins, professional papers, monographs, and annual 

reports.

The results of stream-flow measurements are now published 

annually in 12 parts, each part covering an area whose boundaries 

coincide with natural drainage features as indicated below:

Part I. North Atlantic basins.

II. South Atlantic and eastern Gulf of Mexico basins.

III. Ohio River basin.

IV. St. Lawrence River basin.

V. Upper Mississippi River and Hudson Bay basins.

VI. Missouri River basin. 

VII. Lower Mississippi River basin. 

VIII. Western Gulf of Mexico basins.

IX. Colorado River basin.

X. Great Basin.

XI. Pacific basins in California. 

XII. North Pacific basins; in three volumes:

A. Pacific slope basins in Washington and upper Columbia River basin.

B. Snake River basin.

C. Lower Columbia River basin and Pacific slope basins in Oregon.

HOW GOVERNMENT REPORTS MAY BE OBTAINED OR CONSULTED.

Water-supply papers and other publications of the United States 

Geological Survey containing data in regard to the water resources of 

the United States may be obtained or consulted as indicated below:

1. Copies may be obtained free of charge by applying to the 

Director of the Geological Survey, Washington, D. C. The edition 

printed for free distribution is, however, small, and is soon exhausted. 

_ 2. Copies may be purchased at nominal cost from the Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C., 

who will on application furnish lists giving prices.

m
IV SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, P^RT II.

3. Sets of the reports may be consulted in the libraries of the 

principal cities in the United States.

4. Complete sets are available for consultation in the local offices 

of the water-resources branch of the Geological Survey, as follows:

Boston, Mass., 2500, Customhouse.

Albany, N. Y., Room 18, Federal Building.

Atlanta, Ga., Post Office Building.

St. Paul, Minn., Old Capitol Building.

Madison, Wis., Capitol Building, care of Railroad Commission of Wisconsin.

Helena, Mont., Montana National Bank Building.

Topeka, Kans., 25 Federal Building.

Denver, Colo., 403 New Post Office Building.

Salt Lake City, Utah, Federal Building.

Boise, Idaho, 615 Idaho Building.

Phoenix, Ariz., 417 Fleming Building.

Austin, Tex., Old Post Office Building.

Portland, Oreg., 416 Couch Building.

Tacoma, Wash., 406 Federal Building.

San Francisco, Cal., 328 Customhouse.

Los Angeles, Cal., Federal Building.

Honolulu, Hawaii, 14 Capitol Building.

A list of the Geological Survey's publications may be obtained by 

applying to the Director of the United States Geological Survey, 

Washington, D. C.

STREAM-FLOW REPORTS.

Stream-flow records have been obtained at more thar 4,100 points 

in the United States, and the data obtained have been published in 

the reports tabulated below:

Stream-flow data in reports of the United States Geological Survey. 

[A=Annual Report; B=.Bulletin; W=Water-Supply Paper.]"

Report.

llth A, pt. 2. ..........

12th A, pt.2. ..........

14th A, pt. 2...........

B 131..................

16th A, pt. 2. ..........

B 140..................

W 11..... ...... ........

18th A, pt.4. ..........

W15.. .................

W16... ................

19th A, pt.4. ..........

W 27.. ......... ........

Character of data.

.....do..........................................................

Descriptions, measurements, gageheightst ratings, and monthly 

discharge (also many data covering earlier years).

Descriptions, measurements, ratings, and monthly discha-ge 

(also similar data for some earlier years). 

Descriptions, measurements, and gage heights, eastern Uni^d 

States, eastern Mississippi River, and Missouri River above 

junction with Kansas. 

Descriptions, measurements, and gage heights, western Mississippi River below junction of Missouri and Platte, and western United States. 

Descriptions, measurements, ratings, and monthly discharge 

(also some long-time records). 

Measurements, ratings, and gage heights, eastern United 

States, eastern Mississippi River, and Missouri River.

Year.

1884 to Sept., 

1890. 

1884 to June 30, 

1891. 

1884 to Dec. 31, 

1892. 

1888 to Dec. 31, 

1893. 

1893 and 1894.

1895.

1896. 

1895 and 1S96.

1897. 

1897.

1897. 

1898.
STREAM-GAGING STATIONS AND PUBLICATIONS. V

Stream-flow data in reports of the United States Geological Survey Contirued.

Report.

W28...................

20thA,pt.4. ..........

W35 to 39..... .........

21st A, pt. 4.. ..........

W47 to 52.. ...........

22d A, pt.4. ...........

W65, 66.. ..............

W75...................

W82 to 85... ...........

W97 to 100.... .........

W124 to 135.. .........

W165 to 178. ..........

W201 to 214.. .........

W241 to 252.. ..........

W261to272............

W281 to 292.. .........

W301to312.. .........

W321to332.. .........

W381 to 394.. .........

W401 to 414... .........

Character of data.

Measurements, ratings, and gage heights, Arkansas River and 

western United States.

Complete data .................................................

.....do.. .......................................................

.....do.........................................................

.....do.........................................................

.....do.........................................................

.....do........................................................

.;... do.. .......................................................

.....do.........................................................

.....do.........................................................

.....do.........................................................

.....do.........................................................

.....do-........;...............................................

.....do.........................................................

.....do.........................................................

Year.

1898.

189?. 

1899. 

1899. 

1900. 

1900. 

1901. 

19OT. 

1902. 

190?. 

1W. 

1905. 

1906. 

1907-8. 

190P.

1910. 

1911. 

1912. 

191?

1911. 

1915. 

1916.

NOTE. No data regarding stream flow are given in the 15th and 17th annual reports.

The records at most of the stations discussed in these reports 

extend over a series of years, and miscellaneous measurements at 

many points other than regular gaging stations have been made 

each year. An index of the reports containing records obtained 

prior to 1904 has been published in Water-Supply Paper 119.

The following table gives, by years and drainage basins, the numbers of the papers on surface-water supply published from 1899 to 

1916. The data for any particular station will in general be found 

in the reports covering the years during which the station wa^ maintained. For example, data for Machias Kiver at Whitneyville, Me., 

1903 to 1916, are published in Water-Supply Papers 97, 124, 165, 

201, 241, 261, 281, 301, 321, 351, 381, 401, and 431, which contain 

records for the New England streams from 1903 to 1916. Pesults 

of miscellaneous measurements are published by drainage basins.

In these papers and in the following lists the stations are arranged 

in downstream order. The main stem of any river is determined 

by measuring or estimating its drainage area that is, the headwater 

stream having the largest drainage area is considered the continuation of the main stream, and local changes in name and lake surface 

are disregarded. All stations from the source to the mouth of the 

main stem of the river are presented first, and the tributaries in 

regular order from source to mouth follow, the streams in each 

tributary basin being listed before those of the next basin b^low.

In exception to this rule the records for Mississippi Kiver are 

given in four parts, as indicated on page m, and the records^for large 

lakes are presented in order of streams around the rim of the lake.
Numbers of water-supply papers containing results of stream meas

Year.

18990..... 

19000..... 

1901.......

1902.......

1903.......

IQfU

1905.......

lOAfi

1907-8..... 

1909.......

1910.......

1Q11

1912.......

1Q1S

1914.......

1915.......

1916.......

I

North 

Atlantic 

slope 

basins 

(St. John 

River to 

York 

River).

35

47, ft 48 

65,75 

82 

97 

« 124, o!25, 

P126 

»165,<>166, 

P167 

« 201, o202, 

P203 

241 

261 

281 

301 

321 

351 

381 

401 

431

II

South 

Atlantic 

and 

eastern 

Gulf of 

Mexico 

basins 

(James 

River 

to the Mississippi).

635,36 

48 

65,75 

682,83 

697,98 

P 126, 127

P 167, 168 

P 203, 204

242

262 

282 

302 

322 

352 

382 

402 

432

III

Ohio 

River 

basin.

36 

48,i49 

65,75 

83 

98 

128

169 

205

243 

263 

283 

303 

323 

353 

383 

403 

433

IV

St. 

Lawrence 

River 

basin.

36 

49 

65,75 

182,83 

97 

129

170 

206

244 

264 

284 

304 

324 

354 

384 

404 

434

V

Hudson 

Bay and 

upper

sippi 

River 

basins.

36 

49 

465,66,75 

*83,85 

*98,99,»»100 

* 128, 130

171 

207

245 

265 

285 

305 

325 

355 

385 

405 

435

VI

Missouri 

River 

basin.

c 36,37 

49,^50 

66,75 

84 

99 

130,9131

172 

208

246 

266 

286 

306 

326 

356 

386 

406 

436

VII

Lower Mississippi 

'River 

basin.

37 

50 

* 65, 66, 75 

*83,84 

*98,99 

* 128, 131

* 169, 173 

* 205, 209

247 

267 

287 

307 

327 

357 

387 

407 

437

VIII

Western 

Gulf of 

Mexico 

basins.

37 

50 

66,75 

84 

99 

132

174 

210

248 

268 

288 

308 

328 

358 

388 

408 

438

IX

Color

Riv

basi

<Z37

66

175, * 

g Rating tables and index to Water-Supply Papers 35-39 contained in Water-Supply 

Paper 39. Tables of monthly discharge for 1899 in Twenty-first Annual Report, Part IV.

i> James "Siver only.

c Gallatin River.

«J Green and Gunnison rivers and Grand River above junction with Gunnison.

e Mohave River only.

/ Kings and Kern rivers and south Pacific slope basins.

a Rating tables and index to Water-Supply Papers 47-52 and data on precipitation, 

wells, and irrigation in California and Utah contained in Water-Supply Paper 52. Tables 

of monthly discharge for 1900 in Twenty-second Annual Report, Part IV.

a Wissahickon and Schuylkill rivers to James River.

i Scioto River.

i Loup and Platte ri

with Platte.

* Tributaries of Missi

J Lake Ontario and t

m Hudson Bay only. 

» New England Rive

o Hudson River to D

p Susquehanna River 

a Platte and Kansas r

r Great Basin in Cali

* Below junction wit

t Rogue, Umpqua, an
GAGING STATIONS. VH 

PRINCIPAL STREAMS.

The south. Atlantic slope and eastern Gulf of Mexico drainage 

basins include streams flowing into the Atlantic Ocean and Gulf of 

Mexico from York River, Va., to Pearl River, Miss., inclusive. The 

principal streams in this division are James, Roanoke, Cape Fear, 

Yadkm, Santee, Savannah, Altamaha, Apalachicola, Chotawhatchee, 

Mobile, and Pearl. The streams drain wholly or in part tl ^ States 

of Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, North Carolina, South 

Carolina, and Virginia.

In addition to the annotated list of publications relating specifically to the section, these pages contain a similar list of reports that 

are of general interest in many sections and cover a wide range of 

hydrologic subjects, and also brief references to reports published by 

State and other organizations. (See p. xvi.)

GAGING STATIONS.

NOTE. Dash after a date indicates that station was being maintained September 

30, 1916; period after a date indicates discontinuance. Tributaries are indicated 

by indention.

JAMES RIVER BASIN.

Jackson Kiver (head of James) at Covington, Va., 1907-8. 

James River at Buchanan, Va., 1895- 

James Eiver at Holcomb Rock, Va., 1900-1915. 

James River at Cartensville, Va., 1899-

Cowpasture River near Clifton Forge, Va., 1907-8.

North River near Glasgow, Va., 1895-1905.

Appomattox River at Mattoax, Va., 1900-1905.

 ROANOKE RIVER BASIN. 

Roanoke River at Roanoke, Va., 1896-

Roanoke River at Randolph, Va., 1900-1906.

Roanoke River above Dan River, at Clarksville, Va., 1895-1898.

Roanoke River at Old Gaston, N. C., 1911-

Roanoke River near Weldon, N. C., 1912.

Roanoke River at Neal, N. C,, 1896-1903.

Tinker Creek at Roanoke, Va., 1907-8.

Back Creek near Roanoke, Va., 1907-8.

Dan River at Madison, N. C., 1903-1908.

Dan River at South Boston, Va., 1900-1907.

Dan River at Clarksville, Va., 1895-1898. 

Banister River at Houston, Va., 1904-5.

TAR RIVER BASIN.

Tar River near Tarboro, N. C., 1896-1900.

NEUSE RIVER BASIN.

Neuse River near Selma, N. C., 1896-1900. 

16237° 18 WSP 432 5
VIII SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART II.

CAPE FEAR RIVER BASIN.

Haw River (head of Cape Fear River) near Moncure, N. C., 1898-9. 

Cape Fear River near Fayetteville, N. C., 1889-1903.

Deep River near Cumnock, N. C., 1900-1902.

Deep River near Moncure, N. C., 1898-9.

Rockfish Creek near Brunt, N. C., 1902-3.

YADKIN (OR PEEDEE) RIVER BASIN.

Yadkin River (head of Peedee River) at North Wilkesboro, N. C., 19C3-1909.

Yadkin River at Siloam, N. C., 1900-1901.

Yadkin River at Donnaha, N. C., 1913-

YadMn River near Salisbury, N. C., 1895-1909; 1911-

Yadkin River near Norwood, N. C., 1896-1899.

Yadkin River near Peedee, N. C., 1906-1912.

Peedee River at Cheraw, S. C., 1909-1912.

SANTEE RIVER BASIN.

Catawba River (head of Santee River) at Old Fort, N. C., 1907. 

Catawba River near Morganton, N. C., 1900; 1903-1909. 

Catawba River at Catawba, N. C., 1896-1902. 

Catawba River near Catawba, S. C., 1903-1905. 

Catawba River near Rock Hill, S. C., 1895-1903.

Wateree River (lower part of Catawba) near Camden, S. C., 1903-1910. 

Mill Creek at Old Fort, N. C., 1907. 

Linville River at Fonta Flora, N. C., 1907-8. 

Linville River near Bridgewater, N. C., 1900. 

John River at Collettsville, N. C., 1907. 

John River near Morganton, N. C., 1900-1901.

Broad River (of the Carolinas), head of Congaree River, at Uree, N. C., 1907-1909. 

Broad River (of the Carolinas) at Dellinger, S. C., 1900-1901. 

Broad River (of the Carolinas) near Gaffney, S. C., 1896-1899. 

Broad River (of the Carolinas) at Alston, S. C., 1896-1907. 

Green River near Saluda, N. C., 1907-1909. 

Second Broad River near Logans Store, N. C., 1907-8. 

Saluda River near Waterloo, S. C., 1896-1905. 

Saluda River near Ninety Six, S. C., 1905.

EDISTO RIVER BASIN.

Four Hole Creek near Ridgeville, S. C., 1914-

SAVANNAH RIVER BASIN.

Chattooga River (head of Savannah River) near Clayton, Ga., 1907-8. 

TugalooRiver (continuation of Chattooga River) near Toccoa, Ga., 1907 8. 

Tugaloo River near Madison, S. C., 1898-1901; 1903-1910. 

Savannah River near Calhoun Falls, S. C., 1896-1903. 

Savannah River at Woodlawn, S. C., 1905-1910. 

Savannah River at Augusta, Ga., 1899-1906.

Stekoa Creek near Clayton, Ga., 1907-8.

Tallulah River near Seed, Ga., 1916-

Tallulah River near Lakemont, Ga., 1916-

Tallulah River at Mathis, Ga., 1912-

Tallulah River at Tallulah Falls, Ga., 1900-1901; 1904-1812. 

Tiger Creek at Lakemont, Ga., 1916-
GAGING STATIONS. IX

Savannah River tributaries Continued. 

Chauga River near Madison, S. C., 1907. 

Seneca River near Clemson College, S. C., 1903-1905. 

Broad River (of Georgia) near Carlton, Ga., 1897-1913.

OGEECHEE RIVER BASIN.

Ogeechee River near Millen, Ga., 1903.

Williamsons Swamp Creek near Davieboro, Ga., 1903-4. 

Canoochee River near Groveland, Ga., 1903-1907.

ALTAMAHA RIVER BASIN.

South River (head of Ocmulgee River, which is head of Altamaha River) near

Lithonia, Ga., 1903-1.

Ocmulgee River near Jackson, Ga., 1906-1915. 

Ocmulgee River near Flovilla, Ga., 1901-1905. 

Ocmulgee River at Juliette, Ga., 1916- 

Ocmulgee River at Macon, Ga., 1893-1913.

Yellow River at Almon, Ga., 1897; 1899-1901.

Alcovy River near Covington, Ga,, 1901-1904.

Alcovy River near Stewart, Ga., 1905-6.

Towaliga River near Juliette, Ga., 1899-1901.

Oconee River at Barnett Shoals, near Watkinsville, Ga., 1902.

Oconee River near Greensboro, Ga., 1903-

Oconee River at Carey, Ga., 1896-1898.

Oconee River at Fraleys Ferry, near Milledgeville, Ga., 1905-1908; 190P--

Oconee River at Milledgeville, Ga., 1903-1905.

Oconee River at Dublin, Ga., 1894-1913.

Middle Oconee River near Athens, Ga., 1901-2. 

Apalachee River near Buckhead, Ga., 1901-1908.

Ohoopee River near Reidsville, Ga., 1903-1907.

ST. JOHNS RIVER BASIN.

Silver Spring near Silver Springs, Fla., 1906-7.

FLORIDA EVERGLADES DRAINAGE CANALS.

North New River canal near Fort Lauderdale, Fla., 1913. 

North New River canal near Rita, Fla., 1913. 

South New River canal near Zona, Fla., 1913. 

South New River canal near Rita, Fla., 1913. 

Miami canal near Miami, Fla., 1913.

SUWANNEE RIVER BASIN.

Suwannee River near White Springs, Fla., 1906-1908.

APALACHICOLA RIVER BASIN.

Chattahoochee River (head of Apalachicola River) near Ariel, Ga., 1907-190\

Chattahoochee River near Leaf, Ga., 1907.

Chattahoochee River near Gainsville, Ga., 1901-1903.

Chattahoochee River near Buford, Ga., 1901.

Chattachoochee River near Norcross, Ga., 1903-

Chattahoochee River at Oakdale, Ga., 1895-1904.

Chattahoochee River at West Point, Ga., 1896-1910; 1912-
X SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART II.

Ghattahoochee River at Columbus, Ga., 1912. 

Chattahoochee River at Alaga, Ala., 1908-1912. 

Soque River near Demorest, Ga., 1904-1909. 

Sweetwater Creek near Austell, Ga., 1904-5; 1913. 

Flint River near Molina, Ga., 1897-98. 

Flint River near Woodbury, Ga., 1900- 

Flint River near Musella, Ga., 1907. 

Flint River near Culloden, Ga., 1911- 

Flint River near Montezuma, Ga., 1905-1909; 1911-12. 

Flint River at Albany, Ga., 1902- 

Flint River at Bainbridge, Ga., 1908-1913.

Tobler Creek near Yatesville, Ga., 1914-

Kinchafoonee Creek near Leeeburg, Ga., 1905-1909.

Kinchafoonee Creek near Albany, Ga., 1903. 

Muckalee Creek near Albany, Ga., 1903.

Ichawaynochaway Creek at Milford, Ga., 1905-1907. 

Chipola River at Altha, Fla., 1912-13.

CHOCTAWHATCHEE RIVER BASIN.

Choctawhatchee River near Newton, Ala., 1906-1908; 1911-12. 

Choctawhatchee River near Geneva, Ala., 1904.

Double Bridges Creek at Geneva, Ala., 1904.

Pea River at Pera, Ala., 1904-1913.

Pea River at Elba, Ala., 1906.

ESCAMBIA RIVER BASIN.

Conecuh River at Beck, Ala., 1904-

MOBILE RIVER BASIN.

Cartecay River (head of Mobile River) near Cartecay, Ga., 1904-5; 1907.

Coosawattee River (continuation of Cartecay River) at Carters, Ga., 1892-1908.

Oostanaula River (continuation of Coosawattee River) at Resaca,Ga., 1896-1901; 1905-

Coosa River (continuation of Oostanaula River) at Rome, Ga., 1897-1903.

Coosa River at Lock No. 4, above Riverside, Ala., 1890-1901.

Coosa River at Riverside, Ala., 1896-

Coosa River at Lock No: 5, near Riverside, Ala., 1892-1899.

Coosa River at Childersburg, Ala., 1914.

Coosa River at Lock No. 12, near Clanton, Ala., 1914.

Coosa River at Lock No. 18, near Wetumpka, Ala., 1914.

Coosa River near Wetumpka, Ala., 1896-1898.

Alabama River (continuation of Coosa River) at Montgomery, Ala., 1899-1903.

Alabama River at Selma, Ala., 1899-1913.

Ellijay River at Ellijay, Ga., 1907.

Conasauga River at Beaverdale, Ga., 1907-8.

Etowah River near Ball Ground, Ga., 1907-1915.

Etowah River at Canton, Ga., 1892-1905.

Etowah River near Rome, Ga., 1904-

Etowah River at Rome, Ga., 1903.

Amicalola River near Potts Mountain, Ga., 1907-8; 1910-1913.

Choccolocco Creek near Jenifer, Ala., 1903-1908.

Talladega Creek at Nottingham, Ala., 1900-1904.

Tallapoosa River at Sturdevant, Ala., 1900-

Tallapoosa River near Susanna, Ala., 1900-1901.
PUBLICATIONS. XI

Alabama River tributaries Continued.

Tallapoosa River at Cherokee Bluffs, near Tallassee, Ala., 1912-1914. 

Tallapoosa River at Milstead, Ala., 1897-1903.

Little Tallapoosa River near Wedowee, Ala., 1913-14. 

Hillabee Creek near Alexander City, Ala., 1900-1903. 

Big Sandy Creek near Dadeville, Ala., 1900j-1901. 

Cahaba River at Centerville, Ala., 1901-1908. 

Tombigbee River at Columbus, Miss., 1900-1912. 

Tombigbee River at Epes, Ala., 1900-1901; 1905-1913.

Black Warrior River (Mulberry Fork of Black Warrior River) near Cordova,

Ala., 1900-1912.

Black Warrior River near Coal, Ala., 1908-1910. 

Black Warrior River at Tuscaloosa, Ala., 1889-1905. 

Sipsey Fork of Black Warrior River: 

Clear Creek near Elk, Ala., 1904-5.

Locust Fork of Black Warrior River at Palos, Ala., 1902-1905. 

Village Creek near Mulga, Ala., 1909-10. _ 

Camp Branch near Ensley, Ala., 1908-1910. 

Venison Branch near Mulga, Ala., 1908-9.

PEARL RIVER BASIN.

Pearl River at Jackson, Miss., 1901-1913. 

Bogue Cbitto at Wamerton, La., 1906.

REPORTS ON WATER RESOURCES OF THE SOUTH ATLANTIC AND 

EASTERN GULP STATES.

WATER-SUPPLY PAPERS.

Water-supply papers are distributed free by the Geological Survey as long as its stock lasts. An asterisk 

(*) indicates that this stock has been exhausted. Many of the papers marked in this way may, however, 

be purchased (at price noted) from the SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, D. C. Omission 

of the price indicates that the report is not obtainable from Government sources. Water-supply papers 

are of octavo size.

*44. Profiles of rivers in the United States, by Henry Gannett. 1901. 100 pp., 11 

pis. 15c.

Gives elevations and distances along rivers of the United States, and brief descriptions of many 

of the streams, including Roanoke, Cape Fear, Peedee, Santee, Savannah, Oconee, Apalaehicola, 

Ghattahoochee, Coosa, Tallapoosa, and Black Warrior rivers.

*57. Preliminary listof deep borings in the United States, Part I (Alabama-Montana), 

by N. H. Darton. 1902. 60 pp. 5c.

*61. Preliminary list of deep borings in the United States, Part II (Nebraska-Wyoming), by N. H. Darton. 1902. 67 pp. 5c.

A second, revised edition of Nos. 57 and 61 was published in 1905 as Water-Supply Paper 

149 (q. v.)

62. Hydrography of the southern Appalachian Mountain region, Part I, by H. A. 

Pressey. 1902. 95 pp., 25pis. 15c.

63. Hydrography of the southern Appalachian Mountain region, Part IT, by H. A. 

Pressey. 1902. pp. 96-190, pis. 26-44. 15c.

Nos. 62 and 63 describe in a general way the mountains, rivers, climate, forests, soil, vegetation, and mineral resources of the southern Appalachian Mountains, and then discuss in detail 

the drainage basins, giving for each an account of the physical features, rainfall, forests, minerals, 

transportation, discharge measurements, and water powers. Most of the streanrs described 

are tributary through Tennessee River to the Ohio, but Part II (No. 63) includes also descriptions of several streams in the south Atlantic and eastern Gulf of Mexico drainage ba^ns.
XH SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916,, PART II.

*67. The motions of underground waters, by C.S.Slichter. 1902. 106 pp., 8 pis. 15c. 

Describes artesian well at Savannah, Ga.

96. Destructive floods in the United States in 1903, by E. C. Murphy. 1904. 81 

pp., 13 pis. 15c.

Contains an account of flood on tributaries of Broad River (of the Caroliias) in Spartanburg 

County, S. C.

102. Contributions to the hydrology of eastern United States, 190"; M. L. Fuller, 

geologist in charge. 1904. 522 pp. 30c.

Contains brief reports on municipal water supplies, wells, and springs of Georgia, Florida, 

Alabama, and Mississippi. The reports comprise tabulated well records, giving information 

as to location, owner, depth, yield, head, etc., supplemented by notes as to elevation above 

sea, materials penetrated, temperature, use, and quality; many miscellaneous analyses.

*103. A review of the laws forbidding pollution of inland waters in the United States, 

by E. B. Goodell. 1904. 120 pp. Superseded by 152.

Cites statutory restrictions of water pollution in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Mississippi 

North Carolina, and Virginia.

*107. Water powers of Alabama, with an appendix on stream measurements in Mississippi, by B. M. Hall. 1904. 253 pp., 9 pis. 20c.

Contains gage heights, rating tables, and estimates of monthly discharge at stations on Tallapoosa, Coosa, Alabama, Cahaba, Black Warrior, and Tombigbee rivers ard their tributaries; 

gives estimates and short descriptions of water powers.

110. Contributions to the hydrology of eastern United States, 1904; M. L. Fuller, 

geologist in charge. 1905. 211 pp., 5 pis. lOc.

Contains reports as follows:

Experiment relating to problems of well contamination at Quitman, Ga., by S. W. McCallie. 

Scope indicated by title.

Water resources of the Cowee and Pisgah quadrangles, North Carolina, by Hoyt S. Gale. 

Discusses drainage, springs, and mineral waters of one of the units of the geologic atlas of the 

United States.

*114. Underground waters of eastern United States; M. L. Fuller, geo'ogist in charge. 

1905. 285 pp., 18 pis. 25c.

Contains brief reports relating to south Atlantic and eastern Gulf of Merieo drainage areas, 

as follows:

Virginia, by N. H. Darton and M. L. Fuller.

North Carolina, by M. L. Fuller.

South Carolina, by L. C. Glenn.

Georgia, by S. W. McCallie.

Florida, by M. L. Fuller.

Alabama, by A. E. Smith.

Mississippi, by L. C. Johnson.

Each of these reports describes the geology of the area in its relation to wrter supplies, notes 

the principal mineral springs, and gives list of pertinent publications.

115. Eiver surveys and profiles made during 1903, arranged by W. C. Hall and J. C. 

Hoyt. 1905. 115 pp., 4 pis. lOc.

Contains results of surveys made to determine location of undeveloped power sites. Gives 

elevations and distances along Catawba, Tallulah, Chattooga, Tugaloo, Savannah, Broad, 

Ocmulgee, Yellow, South, Alcovy, Towaliga, and Chattahoochee rivers.

145. Contributions to the hydrology of eastern United States, 1905; M. L. Fuller, 

geologist in charge. 1905. 220 pp., 6 pis. lOc.

Contains "Notes on certain hot springs of the southern United States," by Walter Harvey 

» Weed, including the "Warm springs of Georgia." Describes the location of the springs, the 

geologic conditions, and the composition of the waters (with analyses); estimates discharge.

149. Preliminary list of deep borings in the United States, second edition with 

additions, by N. H. Darton. 1905. 175 pp. lOc.

Gives by States (and within the States by counties) location, denth, diameter, yield, height 

of water, and other valuable information concerning wells 400 feet "or more in depth; includes 

all wells listed in Water-Supply Papers 57 and 61; mentions also principal publications relating 

to deep borings.
PUBLICATIONS. X1H

152. A review of the laws forbidding pollution of inland waters in the United States 

(second edition), by E. B. Goodell. 1905. 149 pp. lOc.

Cites statutory restrictions of water pollution in Alabama, Georgia, Florida, Mississippi, 

North. Carolina, and Virginia.

159. Summary of the underground-water resources of Mississippi, by A. F. Crider 

and L. 0. Johnson. 1906. 86 pp., 6 pis. 20c.

Describes geography, topography, and general geology of the State; discusses the source, 

depth of penetration, rate of percolation, and recovery of ground waters; artesian requisites, 

and special conditions in the Coastal Plain formations; gives notes on wells by counties, deep well 

records, and selected records in detail; treats of sanitary aspect of wells and gives analyses.

*160. Underground-water papers, 1906; M. L. Fuller, geologist in charge. 1906. 

104pp., Ipl.

Contains brief report entitled "Peculiar mineral waters from crystalline rocks of Georgia," 

by Myron L. Puller, discussing origin of certain mineral springs and wells near Austell; gives 

analyses.

*162. Destructive floods in the United States in 1905, with a discussion of flood 

discharge and frequency and an index to flood literature, by E. C. Murphy 

and others. 1906. 105 pp., 4 pis. 15c.

Gives estimates of flood discharge and frequency on Cape Fear, Savannah, Alabama, and 

Black Warrior rivers.

*197. Water resources of Georgia, by B.M. and M. R. Hall. 1907. 342 pp., 1 pi. 50c. 

Describes topographic and geologic features of the State; discusses by drainage brains, stream 

flow, river surveys, and water powers.

236. The quality of surface waters in the United States: Part I, Analyses of waters 

east of the one hundredth meridian, by R. B. Dole. 1909. 123 pp. lOc.

Describes collection of samples, methods of examination, preparation of solutions, accuracy 

of estimates, and expression of analytical results; gives results of analyses of waters of James, 

Roanoke, Dan, Neuse, Cape Fear, Peedee, Wateree, Saluda, Savannah, Ocmulgee, Oconee, 

Chattahoochee, Flint, Oostanaula, Alabama, Cahaba, Tombigbee, and Pearl rivers.

*258. Underground water papers, 1910; by M. L. Fuller, F. G. Clapp, G. 0. Matson,

Samuel Sanford, and H. C. Wolff. 1911. 123 pp., 2 pis. 15c. Contains:

Saline artesian waters of the Atlantic coastal plain, by Samuel Sanford. Tiscusses briefly

the geology of the coastal plain, the artesian waters, the occurrence and character of the salt

waters, the causes of salinity, and lateral changes In salinity.

*319. Geology and ground waters of Florida, by G. C. Matson and Samue' Sanford. 

1913. 445 pp., 17 pis. 60c.

Describes the characteristic upland, lowland, and coastal features of the State the springs, 

lakes, caverns, sand dunes, coral reefs, bars, inlets, tidal runways, pine lands, swamps, keys, 

and ocean currents; discusses in detail the stratigraphic position, lithologic character, thickness, physiographic expression, structure, and areal distribution of the geologic formations; 

treats of the source, amount, depth, circulation, and recovery of ground waters, the artesian 

waters, and public water supplies; and gives details concerning source, quality, and development of the water supplies by counties. .Discusses briefly the quality of the well waters.

341. Underground waters of the coastal plain of Georgia, by L. "WVStephenson and 

J. O. Veatch, and a discussion of the quality of the waters, by R. B. Dole. 

1915. 539 pp., 21 pis. 50c.

Describes the physiographic features of the State, the geologic provinces, the arsal distribution, stratigraphic position, and lithologic character of the rocks belonging to the geologic systems; discusses the source and amount of the ground waters, the uses of the springs and shallow 

and artesian wells, and the distribution of the ground waters in the rocks of the va-ious formations; gives details concerning each county. The chapter on the chemical character of the 

waters describes standards for classification and the general requisites of waters for miscellaneous 

industrial uses and for domestic use; treats also of methods of purifying water and of the relation of quality to geopraphic position, to water-bearing stratum, and to depth.

364. Water analyses from the laboratory of the United States Geological Survey, 

tabulated by F. W. Clarke, chief chemist. 1914. 40 pp. 5c.

Contains analyses of spring and well waters in Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, 

and Florida, and of water from the Gulf of Mexico.
XIV SURFACE WATETJ SUPPLY, 1916, PART II.

ANNUAL REPORTS.

Each of the papers contained in the annual reports was also issued in separate form.

Annual reports are distributed free by the Geological Survey as long as its stock last''. An asterisk (*) 

indicates that this stock has been exhausted. Many of the papers so marked, however, may be purchased 

from the SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, D. C.

*Tenth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1888-8?, J. W. Powell, 

Director. 1890. 2 parts. *Pt. I. Geology, xv, 774 pp., 98 pis. $2.35. 

Contains:

*General account of the fresh-water morasses of the United States, with a description of the 

Dismal Swamp district of Virginia and North Carolina, by N. S. Shaler, p-5. 235-339. pls.6-19. 

Scope indicated by title.

Fourteenth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1892-93, J. W. 

Powell, Director. 1893. (Pt. II. 1894.) 2 parts. *Pt. II. Accompanying 

papers, xx, 597 pp., 73 pis. $2.10. Contains:

*Potable waters of eastern United States, by W J McGee, pp. 1-47. Discusses cistern water, 

stream waters, and ground waters, including mineral springs and artesian wells.

PROFESSIONAL PAPERS.

Professional papers are distributed free by the Geological Survey as long as its stock last;* An Asterisk (*) 

indicates that this stock has been exhausted. Many of the papers marked with an. asterisk may, however, be purchased from the SUPEBINTENDENT or DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, D. C. Professional papers 

are of quarto size.

*37. The southern Appalachian forests, by H. B. Ayres and W. W. Asl e. 1905. 291 

pp., 37 pis. 80c.

Describes the relief, drainage, climate, natural resources, scenery, and water supply of the 

southern Appalachian forests, the trees, shrubs, and rate of growth; gives details concerning 

forests by drainage basins, including New, Holston (southern tributaries of South Fork only), 

Watauga, Nolichucky, French Broad, Pigeon, Lit tie Tennessee, Hiwassee, Tallulah-Chattooga, 

Toxaway, Saluda and First and Second Broad rivers, Catawba and Yadkin rivers, describing 

many of the tributaries of each of the master streams.

*72. Denudation and erosion in the southern Appalachian region and tl eMonongahela 

basin, by L. C. Glenn. 1911. 137 pp., 21 pis. 35c.

Describes the topography, geology, drainage, forests, climate, and population, and transportation facilities of the region, the relation of agriculture, lumbering, mining, and power development to erosion and denudation, and the nature, effects, and remedies of erosion; gives details 

of conditions in Holston, Nolichucky, French Broad, Little Tennessee, ard Hiwassee River 

basins, along Tennessee River proper, and in the basins of the Coosa-Alabama system, Chattahoochee, Savannah, Saluda, Broad, Catawba, Yadkin, New, and Monongahela rivers.

BULLETINS.

An asterisk (*) indicates that the Geological Survey's stock of the paper is exhausted. Many of the papers 

so marked may be purchased from the SUPEEINTENDENT OP DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, D. C. Bulletins 

are of octavo size.

138. Artesian-well prospects in the Atlantic Coastal Plain region, by N. H. Darton. 

1896. 232 pp., 19 pis.

Describes the general geologic structure of the Atlantic Coastal Plain region and summarizes 

the conditions affecting subterranean water in the Coastal Plain; discusses the general geologic 

relations in New York, southern New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland, District of Columbia, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and eastern Georgia; gives for each of the States a list of 

the deep wells and discusses well prospects. The notes on the wells that fellow the tabulated 

lists contain many sections and analyses of the waters.

*264. Record of deep-well drilling for 1904, by M. L. Fuller, E. F. Lines, and A. C. 

Veatch. 1905. 106pp. lOc.

Discusses the importance of accurate well records to the driller, to owners of oil, gas, and 

water wells, and to the geologist; describes the general methods of work; gives tabulated records 

of wells in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, and North Carolina, and detailed records 

of wells in Hancock and Jackson counties, Mississippi. These wells were se'ected because they 

give definite stratigraphic information.
PUBLICATIONS. XV

*298. Record of deep-well drilling for 1905, by M. L. Fuller and Samuel Sanford. 

1906. 299 pp. 25c.

Gives an account of progress in the collection of well records and samples; contain'' tabulated 

records of wells in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, and 

Virginia; and detailed records of wells in Madison, Marengo, and Mobile counties Alabama; 

Duval, Escambia, Sumter, and Volusia counties, Florida; Chatham, Decatur, Fulton, Pierce, 

and Tattnall counties, Georgia; Lenoir, New Hanover, and Moore counties, Nort*i Carolina; 

Hancock, Harrison, Jackson, Jones, Marshall, Newton, and Panola counties, Mississippi; and 

Aiken, Barnwell, Charleston, Hampton, Lee, and Orangeburg counties, South Carolina. The 

wells of which detailed sections are given were selected because they afford valuable stratigraphic 

information.

GEOLOGIC FOLIOS.

Under the plan adopted for the preparation of a geologic map of the United States 

the entire area is divided into small quadrangles, bounded by certain meridians and 

parallels, and these quadrangles, which number several thousand, are separately 

surveyed and mapped. 1 The unit of survey is also the unit of publication, and the 

maps and description of each quadrangle are issued in the form of a folio. When all 

the folios are completed they will constitute the Geologic Atlas of the United States.

A folio is designated by the name of the principal town or of a prominert natural 

feature within the quadrangle. Each folio includes maps showing the topography, 

geology, underground structure, and mineral deposits of the area mapped ard several 

pages of descriptive text. The text explains the maps and describes the topographic 

and geologic features of the country and its mineral products. The topograuhic map 

shows roads, railroads, waterways, and, by contour lines, the shapes of the hilla and 

valleys and the height above sea level of all points in the quadrangle. The arealgeology map shows the distribution of the various rocks at the surface. The structuralgeology map shows the relations of the rocks to one another underground. The 

economic-geology map indicates the location of mineral deposits that are commercially valuable. The artesian-water map shows the depth* to underground-water 

horizons. Economic-geology and artesian-water maps are included in fol: os if the 

conditions in the areas mapped warrant their publication. The folios are of special 

interest to students of geography and geology and are valuable as guides in t^e development and utilization of mineral resources.

The folios numbered from 1 to 163, inclusive, are published in only one fonn (18 by 

22 inches), called the library edition. Some of the folios that bear numbers higher 

than 163 are published also in an octavo edition (6 by 9 inches). Owing to a fire in 

the Geological Survey building May 18, 1913, the stock of geologic folios was more or 

less damaged by fire and water, but many of the folios are usable. The damaged 

folios are sold at the uniform price of 5 cents each, with no reduction for wholes?? e orders. 

This rate applies to folios in stock from 1 to 184, inclusive (except reprints), also to the 

library edition of folio 186. The library edition of folios 185,187, and higher numbers 

sells for 25 cents a copy, except that some folios which contain an unusually large 

amount of matter sell at higher prices. The octavo edition of folio 185 and higher 

numbers sells'for 50 cents a copy, except folio 193, which sells for 75 cents a copy. A 

discount of 40 per cent is allowed on an order for folios or for folios together with 

topographic maps amounting to $5 or more at the retail rate.

All the folios contain descriptions of the drainage of the quadrangles. The folios 

in the following list contain also brief discussions of the ground waters in connection 

with the economic resources of the areas and more or less information concerning the 

utilization of the water resources.

*80. Norfolk, Virginia-North Carolina.

Describes the plains, Dismal Swamp, and the tidal marshes; discusses the reclamation of 

swamp lands and gives an account of the ground waters; gives sections of wells near Norfolk 

and at Fort Monroe, and analyses of waters from the test boring at Norfolk and the boring at 

Lambert Point.

1 Index maps showing areas in the South Atlantic States covered by topographic maps and by geologic 

folios will be mailed on receipt of request addressed to the Director, U. S. Geological Survey, Washington, 

B.C.
XVI SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART II.

90. Cranberry, North Carolina-Tennessee. 5c.

*124. Mount Mitchell, North Carolina-Tennessee.

*147. Pisgah, North Carolina-South Carolina. 

175. Birmingham, Alabama. 1 5c. 

187. Ellijay, Georgia-North Carolina-Tennessee.2 25c.

MISCELLANEOUS REPORTS.

Other Federal bureaus and State and other organizations have 

from time to time published reports relating to the water resources of 

the various sections of the country. Notable among those pertaining to the South Atlantic States are the reports of the £'tate surveys 

of North Carolina, Georgia, Florida, and Alabama, and the Tenth 

Census (vol. 16).

The following reports deserve special mention:

Hydrography of Virginia, by N. C. Grover and R. H. Bolster: Virginia Geol. Survey 

Bull. 3, 1906.

Underground waters of the Coastal Plain province of Virginia, by Samuel Sanford: 

Virginia Geol. Survey Bull. 5,1913.

Surface water supply of Virginia, by G. C. Stevens: Virginia Geo1 , Survey Bull. 

10, 1916.

A preliminary report on the water powers of Georgia, by B. M. Hall: Georgia Geol. 

Survey Bull. 3-A, 1896.

A preliminary report on the artesian-well system of Georgia, by £. W. McCallie: 

Georgia Geol. Survey Bull. 7, 1898.

A preliminary report on the underground waters of Georgia, by £', W. McCallie: 

Georgia Geol. Survey Bull. 15,1908.

Second report on the water powers of Georgia, by B. M. Hall ard M. R. Hall: 

Georgia Geol. Survey Bull. 16, 1908.

A preliminary report on the mineral springs of Georgia, by S. W. McCallie: Georgia 

Geol. Survey Bull. 20, 1913.

A preliminary report on the underground water supply of central Flirida, by E. H. 

Sellards: Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 1,1908.

Underground waters of Mississippi; a preliminary report by W. N. Logan and W. R. 

Perkins: Mississippi Agr. Exper. Sta. Bull. 89,1905.

Repprt of the Secretary of Agriculture in relation to the forests, rivers, and mountains of the Southern Appalachian region: 57th Congress, 1st sess., S. Doc. 84,1902.

Underground water resources of Alabama, by E. A. Smith. Montgomery, Ala., 1907.

Preliminary report on part of the water powers of Alabama, by B. M. Hall: Alabama 

Geol. Survey Bull. 7, 1903.

Papers on the water power in North Carolina, a preliminary report by George F. 

Swain, J. A. Holmes, and E. W. Myers: North Carolina Geol. Survey Bull. 8, 1899.

The Coastal Plain of North Carolina, by W. B. Clark, B. L. Miller, L. W. Stephenson, 

B. L. Johnson, and H. N. Parker: North Carolina Geol. and Econ. Survey Rept., 

vol. 3,1912.

Many of these reports can be obtained by applying to the several 

organizations, and most of them can be consulted in the public 

libraries of the larger cities.

1 Octavo edition only. > Octavo edition, 60c.
PUBLICATIONS. XVII

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY HYDROLOGIC REPORTS OF GENERAL

INTEREST.

The following list comprises reports not readily classifiable by drainage basins and covering a wide range of hydrologic investigation^:

WATER-STIFFLY PAPERS.

*1. Pumping water for irrigation, by H. M. Wilson. 1896. 57 pp., 9pls.

Describes pumps and motive powers, windmills, water wheels, and various kinds of engines; 

also storage reservoirs to retain pumped water until needed for irrigation.

*3. Sewage irrigation, by G. W. Rafter. 1897. 100pp., 4 pis. lOc. (See WaterSupply Paper 22.)

Discusses methods of sewage disposal by intermittent nitration and by irrigatior: describes 

utilization of sewage in Germany, England, and France and sewage purification in the United 

States.

*8. Windmills for irrigation, by E. C. Murphy. 1897. 49 pp., 8 pis. lOc.

Gives results of experimental tests of windmills during the summer of 1896 in the vicinity of 

Garden, Kans.; describes instruments and methods and draws conclusions.

*14. New tests of certain pumps and water lifts ussd in irrigation, by O. P. Hood. 

1898. 91 pp., 1 pi.

Discusses efficiency of pumps»and water lifts of various types.

*20. Experiments with, windmills, by T. O. Perry. 1899. 97 pp., 12 pis. 15c.

Includes tables and descriptions of wind wheels, compares wheels of several types, and discusses results.

*22. Sewage irrigation, Part II, by G. W. Rafter. 1899. 100 pp., 7 pis. J5c.

Gives resume" of Water-Supply Paper No. 3; discusses pollution of certain streams, experiments 

on purification of factory wastes in Massachusetts, value of commercial fertilizers, an* describes 

American sewage-disposal plants by States; contains bibliography of publications relating to 

sewage, utilization, and disposal.

*41. The windmill; its efficiency and economic use, Part I, by E. C. Murphy. 1901. 

72 pp., 14 pis. 5c.

*42. The windmill; its efficiency and economic use, Part II, by E. C. Murphy. 1901. 

75 pp. (73-147), 2 pis (15-16). lOc.

Nos. 41 and 42 give details of results of experimental tests with windmills of various types.

*43. Conveyance of water in irrigation canals, flumes, and pipes, by Samue1 Fortier, 

1901. 86 pp., 15 pis. 15c.

*56. Methods of stream measurement. 1901. 51 pp., 12 pis. 15c.

Describes the methods used by the Survey in 1901-2. (See also Nos. 64, 94, and 95.)

*64. Accuracy of stream measurements, by E. C. Murphy. 1902. 99 pp., 4 pis. 

(See No. 95.) lOc.

Describes methods of measuring velocity of water and of measuring and computing stream flow 

and compares results obtained with the different instruments and methods; describes also experiments and results at the Cornell University hydraulic laboratory. A second, erlarged edition published as Water-Supply Paper 95.

*67. The motions of underground waters, by C. S. Slichter 1902. 106 pp., 8 pis. 

15c.

Discusses origin, depth, and amount of ground waters; permeability of rocks and porosity of 

soils; causes, rates, and laws of motions of ground water; surface and deep zones o* flow, aid 

recovery of waters by open wells and artesian and deep wells; treats of the shape and position 

of the water table; gives simple methods of measuring yield of flowing wells.

72. Sewage pollution in the metropolitan area near New York City and its effect on 

inland water resources, by M. O. Leighton. 1902. 75 pp., 8 pis. lOc. 

Defines " normal" and " polluted " waters and discusses the damage resulting froir pollution.

*80. The relation of rainfall to run-off, by G. W. Rafter. 1903. 104 pp. J.Oc.

Treats of measurements of rainfall and laws and measurements of stream flow; gi^es rainfall 

run-off, and evaporation formulas; discusses effects of forests on rainfall and run-off.
XVIII SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART II.

87. Irrigation in India (second edition), by H. M. Wilson, 1903. 238 pp., 27 pis. 

25c.

First edition was published in Part II of the Twelfth Annual Report.

93. Proceedings of first conference of engineers of the Reclamation Service, with 

* accompanying papers, compiled by F. H. Newell, chief engineer. 1904. 

361 pp. 25c. [Requests for this report should be addressed to the U. S. 

Reclamation Service.]

Contains the following papers of more or less general interest: 

Limits of an irrigation project, by D. W. Ross. 

Relation of Federal and State laws to irrigation, by Morris Bien. 

Electrical transmission of power for pumping, by H. A. Storrs. 

Correct design and stability of high masonry dams, by Geo. Y. Wisner. 

Irrigation surveys and the use of the plane table, by J. B. Lippincott. 

The use of alkaline waters for irrgiation, by Thomas H. Means.

*94. Hydrographic manual of the United States Geological Survey, prepared by E. C. 

Murphy, J. C. Hoyt, and G. B. Hollister. 1904. 76 pp., 3 pis. lOc.

Gives instruction for field and office work relating to measurements of stream flow by current meters. See also No. 95.

*95. Accuracy of stream measurement (second, enlarged edition), by E. C. Murphy.

1904. 169 pp., 6 pis.

Describes methods of measuring and computing stream flow and compares results derived 

from different instruments and methods. See also No. 94.

*103. A review of the laws forbidding pollution of inland waters in tbe United States, 

by E. B. Goodell. 1904. 120 pp., Superseded by No. 152, q. v.

Explains the legal principles under which antipollution statutes become operative, quotes 

court decisions to show authority for various deductions, and classifies according to scope the 

statutes enacted in the different States.

110. Contributions to the hydrology of eastern United States, 1904; M. L. Fuller, 

geologist in charge. 1905. 211 pp., 5 pis. lOc.

Contains the following reports of general interest. The scope of each paper is indicated by 

its title.

Description of underflow meter used in measuring the velocity and direction of underground 

water, by Charles S. Slichter.

The California or "stovepipe" method of well construction, by Charle? S. Slichter.

Approximate methods of measuring the yield of flowing wells, by Charles S. Slichter.

Corrections necessary in accurate determinations of flow from vertical well casings, from notes 

furnished by A. N. Talbot.

Experiment relating to problems of well contamination at Quitman, Ga., by S. W. McCallie.

113. The disposal of strawboard and oil-well wastes, by R. L. Sa~kett and Isaiah 

Bowman. 1905. 52 pp., 4 pis. 5c.

The first paper discusses the pollution of streams by sewage and by trade wastes, describes the 

manufacture of strawboard and gives results of various experiments in disposing of the waste. 

The second paper describes briefly the topography, drainage, and geolog7 of the region abont 

Marion, Ind., and the contaiaination of rock wells and of streams by waste oil and brine.

*114. Underground waters of eastern United States; M. L. Fuller, geologist in charge.

1905. 285 pp., 18 pis. 25c.

Contains report on " Occurrence of underground waters," by M. L. Fuller, discussing sources, 

amount, and temperature of waters; permeability and storage capacity of rocks, water-bearing 

formations; recovery of water by springs, wells, and pumps; essential conditions of artesian 

flows; and general conditions affecting underground waters in eastern United States.

119. Index to the hydrographic progress reports of the United States Geological 

Survey, 1888 to 1903, by J. C. Hoyt and B. D. Wood. 1905. 253 pp. 15c.

120. Bibliographic review and index of papers relating to underground waters published by/the United States Geological Survey, 1879-1904, by M. L. Fuller. 

1905. 128 pp. lOc.
PUBLICATIONS. XIX

*122. Relation of the law to underground waters, by D. W. Johnson. 19C5. 55 pp. 

5c.

Defines and classifies underground waters, gives common-law rules relating to their use, and 

cites States legislative acts affecting them.

140. Field measurements of the rate of movement of underground water* by 0. 8. 

Slichter. 1905. 122 pp., 15 pis. 15c.

Discusses the capacity of sand to transmit water; describes measurements of underflow in Rio 

Hondo, San Gabriel, and Mohave River valleys, Cal., and on Long Island, N. Y.; gives results of 

tests of wells and pumping plants, and describes stovepipe method of well construction.

143. Experiments on steel-concrete pipes on a working scale, by J. H. Quinton. 

1905. 61 pp., 4 pis. 5c. 

Scope indicated by title.

145. Contributions to the hydrology of eastern United States, 1905; M. L. Fuller, 

geologist in charge. 1905. 220 pp., 6 pis. lOc.

Contains brief reports of general interest as follows:

Drainage of ponds into drilled wells, by Robert E. Horton. Discusses efficieroy, cost, and 

capacity of drainage wells and gives statistics of such wells in southern Michigan. 

Construction of so-called fountain and geyser springs, by Myron L. Fuller. 

A convenient gage for determining low artesian heads, by Myron L. Fuller.

146. Proceedings of second conference of engineers of the Reclamation Service, with 

accompanying papers, compiled by F. H. Newell, Chief Engineer. 1905. 

267 pp. 15c. [Inquiries concerning this report should be addressed to the 

Reclamation Service.]

Contains brief account of the organization of the hydrographic [water resources] branch and the 

Reclamation Service, reports of conferences and committees, circulars of instruction, and many 

brief reports on subjects closely related to reclamation, and a bibliography of techn'cal papers by 

members of the service. Of the papers read at the conference those listed below (scope indicated 

by title) are of more or less general interest:

Proposed State code of water laws, by Morris Bien.

Power engineering applied to irrigation problems, by O. H. Ensign.

Estimates on tunneling in irrigation projects, by A. L. Fellows.

Collection of stream-gaging data, by N. C. Qrover.

Diamond-drill methods, by G. A. Hammond.

Mean-velocity and area curves, by F. W. Hanna.

Importance of general hydrographic data concerning basins of streams gaged, by R. E. Horton.

Effect of aquatic vegetation on stream flow, by R. E. Horton.

Sanitary regulations governing construction camps, by M. O. Leighton.

Necessity of draining irrigated land, by Thos. H. Means.

Alkali soils, by Thos. H. Means.

Cost of stream-gaging work, by E. C. Murphy.

Equipment of a cable gaging station, by E. C. Murphy.

Silting of reservoirs, by W. M. Reed.

Farm-unit classification, by D. W. Ross.

Cost of power for pumping irrigating water, by H. A. Storrs.

Records of flow at current-meter gaging stations during the frozen season, by F. F. Tillinghast.

147. Destructive floods in United States in 1904, by E. C. Murphy and others. 1905. 

206 pp., 18 pis. 15c.

Contains a brief account of "A method of computing cross-section area of waterways," including formulas for maximum discharge and areas of cross section.

*150. Weir experiments, coefficients, and formulas, by R. E. Horton. 1906. 189 

pp., 38 pis. (See Water-Supply Paper 200.) 15c. 

Scope indicated by title.

151. Field assay of water, by M. O. Leighton. 1905. 77 pp., 4 pis.

Discusses methods, instruments, and reagents used in determining turbidity, color, iron, 

chlorides, and hardness in connection with the studies of the quality of water in various parts 

of the United States.

152. A review of the laws forbidding pollution of inland waters in the United States, 

second edition, by E. B. Goodell. 1905. 149 pp. lOc. 

Scope indicated by title.
XX SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART II.

*155. Fluctuations of the water level in wells, with special reference to Long Island, 

N. Y., by A. C. Veatch. 1906. 83 pp., 9 pis. 25c.

Includes general discussion of fluctuations due to rainfall and evaporation, 1 arometric changes, 

temperature changes, changes in rivers, changes in lake level, tidal changes, effects of settlement, 

irrigation, dams, underground-water development, and to indeterminate causes.

*160. Underground-water papers, 1906; M. L. Fuller, geologist in charge. 1906. 104 

pp., 1 pi.

Gives account of work in 1905, lists publications relating to underground1 waters, and contains the following brief reports of general interest:

Significance of the term "artesian," by Myron L. Fuller. 

Representation of wells and springs on maps, by Myron L. Fuller. 

Total amount of free water in the earth's crust, by Myron L. Fuller. 

Use of fluorescein in the study of underground waters, by R. B. Dole. 

Problems of water contamination, by Isaiah Bowman. 

Instances of improvement of water in wells, by Myron L. Fuller.

*162. Destructive floods in the United States in 1905, with a discussion of flood discharge and frequency and an index to flood literature, by E. 0. Murphy and 

others. 1906. 105 pp., 4 pis. 15c.

*163. Bibliographic review and index of underground-water literature published in 

the United States in 1905, by M. L. Fuller, F. G. Clapp, and B. L. Johnson. 

1906. 130pp. 15c. 

Scope indicated by title.

*179. Prevention of stream pollution by distillery refuse, based on irvestigations at 

Lynchburg, Ohio, by Herman Stabler. 1906. 34 pp., 1 pi. lOc.

Describes grain distillation, treatment of slop, sources, character, and effects of effluents on 

streams; discusses filtration, precipitation, fermentation, and evaporation methods of disposal 

of wastes without pollution.

*180. Turbine water-wheel tests and power tables, by R. E. Horton. 1906. 134 pp., 

2 pis. 20c.

Scope indicated by title.

*185. Investigations on the purification of Boston sewage, * * * with a history 

of the sewage-disposal problem, by C.-E. A. Winslow and E. B. Phelps. 

1906. 163 pp. 25c.

Discusses composition, disposal, purification, and treatment of sewages and tendencies in 

sewage-disposal practice in England, Germany, and the United States; describes character 

of crude sewage at Boston, removal of suspended matter, treatment in septic tanks, and purifi- 

-cation in intermittent sand filtration and coarse material; gives bibliography.

*186. Stream pollution by acid-iron wastes, a report based on investigations made at 

Shelby, Ohio, by Herman Stabler. 1906. 36 pp., 1 pi.

Gives history of pollution by acid-iron wastes at Shelby, Ohio, and resulting litigation; discusses effect of acid-iron liquors on sewage purification processes, recovery of copperas from acidiron wastes, and other processes for removal of pickling liquor.

*187. Determination of stream flow during the frozen season, by H. T", Barrows and 

E,. E. Horton. 1907. 93 pp., 1 pi. 15c.

Scope indicated by title.

*189. The prevention of stream pollution by strawboard waste, by E. B. Phelps, 

1906. 29 pp., 2 pis.

Describes manufacture of strawboard, present and proposed methods of disposal of waste 

liquors, laboratory investigations of precipitation and sedimentation, and field studies of 

amounts and character of water used, raw material and finished product, and mechanical 

filtration.

*194. Pollution of Illinois and Mississippi rivers by Chicago sewage (a digest of the 

testimony taken in the case of the State of Missouri v. the State of Illinois 

and the Sanitary District of Chicago), by M. O. Leighton. 1907. 369 pp., 

2 pis.

Scope indicated by amplification of title.

*200. Weir experiments, coefficients, and formulas (revision of pape~ No. 150), by 

R. E. Horton. 1907. 195 pp., 38 pis. 35c. 

Scope indicated by title.
PUBLICATIONS. XXI

*226. The pollution of streams by sulphite-pulp waste, a study of possible remedies, 

by E. B. Phelps. 1909. 37 pp., 1 pi. IQc.

Describes manufacture of sulphite pulp, the waste liquors, and the experimental work leading 

to suggestions as to methods of preventing stream pollution.

*229. The disinfection of sewage and sewage filter effluents, with a chapter on the 

putrescibility and stability of sewage effluents, by E. B. Phelps. 1909. 91 

pp., 1 pi. 15c.

Scope indicated by title.

*234. Papers on the conservation of water resources. 1909. 96 ppt, 2 pis. 15c.

Contains the following papers, whose scope is indicated by their titles: Distribution of rainfall, 

by Henry Gannett; Floods, by M. O. Leighton; Developed water powers, compiled under the 

direction of W. M. Steuart, with discussion by M. O. Leighton; Undeveloped water powers, by 

M. O. Leighton; Irrigation, by F. H. Newell; Underground waters, by W. C. M^ndenhall; 

Denudation, by R. B. Dole and Herman Stabler; Control of catchment areas, by H. N. Parker.

*235. The purification of some textile and other factory wastes, by Hennar Stabler 

and G. H. Pratt. 1909. 76 pp. lOc.

Discusses waste waters from wool scouring, bleaching and dyeing cotton yarn, bleaching 

cotton piece goods, and manufacture of oleomargarine, fertilizer, and glue.

236. The quality of surface waters in the United States: Part I, Analyses of waters 

east of the one hundredth meridian, by R. B. Dole. 1909. 123 pp. lOc.

Describes collection of samples, methods of examination, preparation of solution?, accuracy 

of estimates, and expression of analytical results.

238. The public utility of water powers and their governmental regulation, by Rene 

Tavernier and M. O. Leighton. 1910. 161 pp. 15c.

Discusses hydraulic power and irrigation, French, Italian, and Swiss legislation relative to 

the development of water powers, and laws proposed in the French Parliament; reviews work 

of bureau of hydraulics and agricultural improvement of the French department of agriculture, 

and gives resume' of Federal and State water-power legislation in the United States.

*255. Underground waters for farm use, by M. L. Fuller. 1910. 58 pp., 17 pis. 15c.

Discusses rocks as sources of water supply and the relative safety of supplies from different

materials; springs and their protection; open or dug and deep wells, their location, yie'd, relative

cost, protection, and safety; advantages and disadvantages of cisterns and combination wells

and cisterns.

*257. Well-drilling methods, by Isaiah Bowman. 1911. 139 pp., 4 pis. 15c.

Discusses amount, distribution, and disposal of rainfall, water-bearing rocks, amount of ground 

water, artesian conditions, and oil and gas bearing formation; gives history of well drilling in 

Asia, Europe, and the United States; describes in detail the various methods and the machinery 

used; discusses loss of tools and geologic difficulties; contamination of well waters and methods 

of prevention; tests of capacity and measurement of depth; and costs of sinking wells.

*258. Underground water-papers, 1910, by M. L. Fuller, F. G. Clapp, G. 0. Matson* 

Samuel Sanford, and H. 0. Wolff. 1911. 123 pp., 2 pis. 15c. 

Contains the following papers (scope indicated by titles) of general interest: 

Drainage by wells, by M. L. Fuller. 

Freezing of wells and related phenomena, by M. L. Fuller. 

Pollution of underground waters in limestone, by G. C. Matson. 

Protection of shallow wells in sandy deposits, by M. L. Fuller. 

Magnetic wells, by M. L. Fuller.

274. Some stream waters of the western United States, with chapters on sediment 

carried by the Rio Grande and the industrial application of water malyses, 

by Herman Stabler. 1911. 188pp. 15c.

Describes collection of samples, plan of analytical work, and methods of analyses' discusses 

soap-consuming power of waters, water softening, boiler waters, and water for irrigation.

*315. The purification of public water supplies, by G. A. Johnson. 1913. 84 pp., 8 

pis. lOc.

Discusses ground, lake, and river waters as public supplies, development of waterworks systems in the United States, water consumption, and typhoid fever; describes methods"of filtration and sterilization of water, and municipal water softening.

334. The Ohio Valley flood of March-April, 1913 (including comparisons with some 

earlier floods), by A. H. Horton and H. J. Jackson. 1913. 96 pp., 22 pis 

20c.

Although relating specifically to floods in the Ohio Valley, this report discusses also the causes 

of floods and the prevention of damage by floods.
XXII SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PAET II.

337. The effects of ice on stream flow, by William Glenn Hoyt. 1913. 77 pp., 7 pis. 

15c. 

Discusses methods of measuring the winter flow of streams.

*345. Contributions to the hydrology of the United States, 1914. N. C. Grover, 

chief hydraulic engineer. 1915. 225 pp., 7 pis. 30c. Contains:

*(e) A method of determining the daily discharge of rivers of variable slope, by M. R. Hall, 

W. E. Hall, and C. H. Pierce, pp. 53-65. Scope indicated by title.

364. Water analyses from the laboratory of the United States Geological Survey, 

tabulated by F. W. Clarke, chief chemist. 1914. 40 pp. 5c.

Contains analyses of waters from rivers, lakes, wells, and springs in various parts of the United 

States, including analyses of the geyser water of Yellowstone National Park, hot springs in 

Montana, brines from Death Valley, water from the Gulf of Mexico, and mine waters from 

Tennessee, Michigan, Missouri and Oklahoma, Montana, Colorado aid Utah, Nevada, and 

Arizona and California.

371. Equipment for current-meter gaging stations, by G. J. Lycn. 1915. 64 pp., 

37 pis. 20c.

Describes methods of installing automatic and other gages and of constructing gage wells, 

shelters, and structures for making discharge measurements and artificial controls.

*375. Contributions to the hydrology of the United States, 1915. N. C. Grover, chief 

hydraulic engineer. 1916. 181 pp., 9 pis. 15c.

Contains three papers presented at the conference of engineers of the water-resources branch 

in December, 1914, as follows:

*(c) Relation of stream gaging to the science of hydraulics, by C. H. Pierce and R. W. Davenport, pp. 77-84.

(e) A method for correcting river discharge for a changing stage, by B. E. Jones, pp. 117-130.

(f) Conditions requiring the use of automatic gages in obtaining records of stream flow, by C. 

H. Pierce, pp. 131-139.

*400. Contributions to the hydrology of the United States, 1916. N. C. Grover, chief 

hydraulic engineer. 1917. 108 pp., 7 pis. Contains: 

(a) The people's interest in water-power resources, by G. O. Smith, pp. 1-8.

*(c) The measurement of silt-laden streams, by R. C. Pierce, pp. 39-51, 

(d) Accuracy of stream-flow data, by N. C. Grover and J. C. Hoyt, pp 53-59.

416. The divining rod, a history of water witching, with a bibliography, by A. J. 

Ellis. 1917. 59pp. lOc.

A brief paper published "merely to furnish a reply to the numerous irquiries that are continually being received from all parts of the country" as to the efficacy of th e divining rod for locating underground water.

425. Contributions to the hydrology of the United States, 1917. 1 T . C. Grover, chief 

hydraulic engineer. 1918. Contains:

*£c) Hydraulic conversion tables and conven'snt equivalents, pp. 71-94. 1917.'

ANNUAL REPORTS.

*Fif th Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 188?-84, J. W. Powell, 

Director. 1885. xxxvi, 469 pp., 58 pis. $2.25. Contairs:

*The requisite and qualifying conditions of artesian wells, by T. C. ChamberUn, pp. 125- 

173, pi. 21. Scope indicated by title.

*Twelfth. Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1890-91, J. W. 

Powell, Director. 1891. 2 parts. Pt. II, Irrigation, xvfii, 576 pp., 93 pis. 

$2. Contains:

*Irrigation in India, by H. M. "Wilson, pp. 363-561, pis. 107 to 146. (Sue "Water-Supply Paper 

87.)

Thirteenth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1891-92, J. W. 

Powell, Director. 1892. (Pts. II and III, 1893.) 3 parts. *Pt. Ill, Irrigation, pp. xi, 486, 77 plates. $1.85. Contains:

* American irrigation engineering, by H. M. Wilson, pp. 101-349, pis. Ill to 146. Discusses 

economic aspects of irrigation, alkaline drainage, silt, and sedimentation; gives brief history of 

legislation; describes perennial canals in Idaho-California, Wyoming, and Arizona; discusses 

water storage at reservoirs of the California and other projects, subsurface sources of supply, 

pumping, and subirrigation.
PUBLICATIONS. XXIII

Fourteenth Annual Report of tke United States Geological Survey, 1892-93, J. W. 

Powell, Director. 1893. (Pt. II, 1894.) 2 parts. *Pt. II, Accompanying 

papers, pp. xx, 597, 73 pis. $2.10. Contains:

*Natural mineral waters of the United States, by A. C. Peale, pp. 49-88, pis. 3 an-? 4. Discusses 

the origin and flow of mineralsprings, the source of mineralization, thermal springy the chemical 

composition and analysis of spring waters, geographic distribution^ and the utilization of mineral 

waters; gives a list of American mineral spring resorts; contains also some analyses.

Nineteenth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1897-98, Charles. 

D.Walcott, Director. 1898. (Parts II, III, and V, 1899.) 6 parts in 7 vols. 

and separate case for maps with Pt. V. *Pt. II, papers chiefly of a theoretic 

nature, pp. v, 958,172 plates. $2.65. Contains:

*Principles and conditions of the movements of ground water, by F. H. King. pp. 69-294, pis 

6 to 16. Discusses the amount of water stored in sandstone, in soil and in other ro^ks, the depth 

to which ground water penetrates; gravitational, thermal, and capillary movenrats of ground 

waters, and the configuration of the ground-water surface; gives the results of experimental 

Investigations on the flow of air and water through a rigid, porous medium and through sands, 

sandstones, and silts; discusses results obtained by other investigatiors, and sumrnarizes results 

of observations; discusses also rate of flow of water through sand and roek, the growth of rivers, 

rate of filtration through soil, interference of wells, etc.

*Theoretical investigation of the motion of ground waters, by C. S. Sh'ehter, F". 295-884, pi,, 

17. Scope indicated by title.

PROFESSIONAL PAPERS.

86. The transportation of debris byranning water, by G. K. Gilbert, basei on experiments made with the assistance of E. C. Murphy. 1914. 263 pp., 3 pis. 70c. 

The results of an investigation which was carried on in » specially equipped laboratory at 

Berkeley, Cal., and was undertaken for the purpose of learning "the laws wh'ch control the 

movement of bed load and especially to determine how the quantity of load ii related to the 

stream slope and discharge and to the degredVif comminution of the debris."

105. Hydraulicrmining debris in the Sierra Nevada, by G. K. Gilbert. 154 pp., 

34 pis. 1917. 500^;

Presents the results o^a4 iavestigation i||dertaken by the United States 'Geological Survey in 

response to a memorial from the CaHfornji^Miners' Association asking that a part'cular study be 

made of portions of the Sacramento andfean Joaquin valleys affected by detritus from torrential 

streams. The report-deals largely with geologic and physiographic aspects of the subject, traces 

the physical effects, past and future, of the hydraulic mining of earlier decades, the similar effects 

which certain other industries induce through stimulation of the erosion of the soil, and the influence of the restriction of the area of inundation by the construction of levees. Suggests cooperation by several interests for the control of the streams now carrying heavy loads of de'bris.

BULLETINS.

*32. Lists and analyses of the mineral springs of the United States (a preliminary 

study), by A. C. Pejale. 1886. 235 pp. 

Defines mineral watery lists the springs by States, and gives tables of analyses.

*319. Summary of the controlling factors of artesian flows, by Myron~L. Ft^ller. 1908. 

44 pp., 7 pis. lOc.

Describes underground reservoirs, the sources of ground waters, the eonfln'^g agents, the 

primary and modifying factors of artesian circulation, the essential and modifying factors of 

artesian flow, and typical artesian systems.

*479. The geochemical interpretation of water analyses, by Chase Palmer. 1911. 

31 pp. 5c.

Discusses the expression of ahemical analyses, the chemical character of water and the properties of natural water; gives a classification of waters based on property values ard reacting vat 

ues, .and discusses the character of the waters of certain rivers as interpreted directly from the 

results of analyses; discusses also the relation of water properties to geologic formations, silica in 

river water, and the character of the water of the Mississippi and the Great Lakes and St. Lawrenee River as iadicated by chemical analyses.

16237° 18 WSB 432 6
INDEX BY AKEAS AND SUBJECTS.

(A=Annual Eeports; M=Monograph; B=Bulletin; P=Professional Paper; W=Water-Supply Paper;

G F=Geologic folio.]

Alabama: Surface waters................................... W 62-63,107; G F 175

Underground waters................... B 264,298; W 57,102,114,149; G F 175

Artesian waters: Essential conditions.................... A 5; B 319; W 44, 67,114

Bibliographies l ................................................. W 119,120,163

Chemical analyses: 2 Methods and interpretation....... W 151, 236, 25f, 274; B 479

Conservation....................................................... W 234,400a

De"bris reports......................................................... P 86,105

Denudation.............................................................. P 72

Divining rod.............................................................W 416

Engineering methods..................................................... P 86;

W1, 3, 8, 20, 41, 42, 43, 56, 64, 93, 94, 95,110,143,146,

150,180,187, 200, 257, 337, 345e, 371, 375c, e, f, 400c, d

Floods........................................................ W 96,147,162,334

Florida: Quality of waters............................................ W 319, 364

Surface waters........................................................ W 319

Underground waters........................ B 264, 298; W 57,102,114,149, 319

Georgia: Quality of waters............................................. W 110, 258

Surface waters................................... W 62-63,197; P 37; G F187

Underground waters.................................... B 138, 264, 298; W 341

India: Irrigation.................................................... A12; W 87

Ice measurements................................................ V7' 146,187,337

Irrigation, general............................... A 12 ii, 13 iii; W 20 22,41,42, 87

Legal aspects: Surface waters...................................... V^ 103,152, 238

Underground waters................................................... W 122

Mineral springs: Analyses................................... A 14 ii; B 32; W 364

Origin, distribution, etc............................................... A14 ii

Lists............................................................ B32; W 114

Mississippi: Surface waters................................................. W 107

Underground waters......................... B 264, 298; W 57,10?, 114,149,159

Motions of ground waters....................... A 19 ii; B 319; W 67,110,140,155

North Carolina: Quality.............................................. W 258,364

Surface waters.................... A 10 i; P 37; W 62-63; G F 80,90,124,187

Underground waters............................ B 138,264,298; W HO, 114,149

Pollution: By industrial wastes......................:.... W 179,183,189, 226,235

By sewage..................... 1.................................. W 72,194

Laws forbidding................................................. W 103,152

Indices of............................................................ W 160

Profiles of rivers........................................................ W 44,115

Sanitation; quality of waters; pollution; sewage irrigation................... W 3,

22, 72,103,110,113,114,121,14P, 152,160,179,

185,186,189,194, 226,229, 235,2f 3, 255,258, 315

Sewage disposal and purification...................... W 3,22, 72,113,185,194, 229

i Many of the reports contain brief subject bibliographies. See abstracts.

* Many analyses of river, spring, and well waters are scattered through publications, as noted in abstracts.

XXIV
PUBLICATIONS. XXV

South Carolina: Quality.............................................. W 258,364

Surface waters.......................................... W 62-63,96; G F 147

Underground waters................................... B 138, 264, 298; W 149

Underground waters: Legal aspects......................................... W 122

Methods of utilization.......................................... W114,255,257

Pollution................................................. W 110,145,160,258

Virginia: Quality.................................................... W 258,364

Stream pollution................................................. W 236,258

Surface waters................................. AlOi; P37; W 62- 3; GF80

Underground waters................... W 114,149, 258; B 138,264, 298; G F 80

Windmill papers............................................... W1, 8, 20, 41, 42
INDEX OF STREAMS.

Alabama River, Ala.............

Alcovy River, Ga.............

Amicalola River, Ga.............

Apalachee River, Ga............

Appomattox River, Va...........

Back Creek,Va..................

Banister River, Va...............

Big Sandy Creek, Ala.............

Black Warrior River, Ala.........

Black Warrior River, Locust Fork, 

Ala...........................

Bogue Chitto, La................

Broad River (of the Carolinas)....

Broad River (of Georgia)..........

Cahaba River, Ala................

Camp Branch, Ala...............

Canoochee River, Ga.............

Cape Fear River, N. C............

Cartecay River, Ga..............

Catawba River, N. C., S. C.......

Chattahoochee River, Ga., Ala....

Chattooga River, Ga.............

Ghauga River, S. C..............

Chipola River, Fla..............

Choccolocco Creek, Ala..........

Choctawhatchee River, Ala.......

Clear Creek, Ala..................

Conasauga River, Ga.............

Conecuh River, Ala.............

Coosa River, Ala., Ga............

Coosawattee River; Ga............

Cowpasture River, Va...........

Dan River, N. C., Va.............

Deep River, N. C...............

Double Bridges Creek, Ala.......

Ellijay River, Ga.................

Etowah River, Ga...............

Flint River, Ga..................

Four Hole Creek, S. C...........

Oreen River, N. C...............

Haw River, N. C................

Hillab^e Creek, Ala.............

Ichawaynochaway Creek, Ga.. ....

Jackson River, Va................

James Eiver, Va.................

John River, N. C.................

Kinchafoonee Creek, Ga..........

Linville River, N. C.............

Little Tallapoosa River, Ala......

XXVI

x

IX

x

IX

vn 

vn 

vn

XI 

XI

xr 

xr

VIII 

IX 

XI

XI 

IX

VIII 

X

VIII 

IX, X

vm

IX

x 

x 

x

XI

x 

x 

x

X

vn

vn

vin

x

x

X

X

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XI

x 

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XI

Locust Fork, Black Warrior Fiver, 

Ala...............!...........

Miami canal, Fla..................

Middle Oconee River, Ga.........

Mill Creek, N. C.................

Muckalee Creek, Ga.............

Neuse River, N. C................

North New River canal, Fla......

North River, Va.................

Ocmulgee River, Ga............

Oconee River, Ga................

Oconee River, Middle, Ga........

Ogeechee River, Ga..............

Ohoopee River, Ga.............

Oostanaula River, Ga............

Pea River, Ala..................

Pearl River, Miss................

Peedee River, S. C.............

Roanoke River, Va., N. C........

Rockfish Creek, N. C............

Saluda River, S. C..............

Savannah River, S. C., Ga......

Second Broad River, N. C.....:..

Seneca River, S. C...............

Silver Spring, Fla...............

Sipsey Fork, Ala................

Soque River, Ga................

South New River canal, Fla......

South River, Ga................

Stekoa Creek, Ga...............

Suwannee River, Fla...........

Sweetwater Creek, Ga...........

Talladega Creek, Ala............

Tallapoosa River, Ala...........

Tallapoosa River, Little, Ala.....

Tallulah River, Ga..............

Tar River, N. C................

Tiger Creek, Ga.................

Tinker Creek, Va................

Tobler Creek, Ga................

Tombigbee River, Miss., Ala ....

Towaliga River, Ga. .......*......

Tugaloo River, Ga., S. C........

Venison Branch, Ala.............

Village Creek, Ala..............

Wateree River, S. C.............

Williamsons Swamp Creek, Ga....

Yadkin River, N. C..............

Yellow River, Ga................

XI 

IX 

IX

vm

x

vn

IX

VII 

IX 

IX 

IX 

IX

IX

x

X

XI

VIII 

VII

vin 

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VIII

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IX 

IX

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IX 

IX

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IX

x

x

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XI

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XI

IX

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XI 

XI

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IX