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UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

NOTES 

FROM THE 

GULF

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

ON FOSSILS 

EOCENE OF THE 

PROVINCE

PROFESSIONAL PAPER 193— B

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 

Harold L. Ickes, Secretary

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

W. C. Mendenhall, Director

Professional Paper 193—B

NOTES ON FOSSILS FROM THE EOCENE 

OF THE GULF PROVINCE

I. THE ANNELID GENUS TUBULOSTIUM

II. THE GASTROPOD FAMILIES GASSIDIDAE, 

FIGIDAE, AND BUGGINIDAE

BY

JULIA GARDNER

Shorter contributions to general geology, 1938-39

(Pages 17-44)

UNITED STATES

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 

WASHINGTON : 1939

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D. C. - ------ Price 10 cents
CONTENTS

Page 

Abstract._______________________________________________________________________.._____.__..___.____ 17

Introduction. _________________________________________________________________________________________________ 17

I. The annelid genus Tubulostium- _______-__________________________--____-_-_-__-____-______-_-__----__-_--__-_ 17

II. The gastropod families Cassididae, Ficidae, and Buccinidae_ ______________________________________________________ 21

Index____ _-_-__-_--___-___________________________________________.--___--__----_----_--------------_——,-- 43

ILLUSTRATIONS

Page 

PLATES 6-8. Annelids and gastropods from the Eocene of the Gulf provmce_______--_--_____-__---__--___-_--_-__-___- 39

FIGURE 1. Tubulostium horatianum Gardner, n. sp., cross section of tube______________________________________________ 19

2. Tubulostium leptostoma (Gabb), cross section of tube._____________________-___-_-_____----__-_-_-__--__-- 20

3. Map showing distribution of Galeodea. ________________________-_-___-_______---_-_-_---_--_--------_-_- 22

4. Map showing distribution of Priscoficus (Priscoficus) _______-__________-________________-__-_-_--_-_------ 29

5. Map showing distribution of Priscoficus (Fulguroficus) ____________________________________________________ 31

6. Map showing distribution of Perissolax- ______--_____-____-____-___-_--__-_----___--___-_-----_-_---_--- 33

rr
NOTES ON FOSSILS FROM THE EOCENE OF THE GULF PROVINCE

By JULIA GARDNER

ABSTRACT

The genus Tubulostium has been in need of clarification, and 

as a contribution toward this end four species from the Eocene 

of the Gulf Province are described. It is concluded that the 

genus is probably to be placed with the annelids. The generic 

name is dubious but is retained until a broader study can be 

made. Of the Cassididae, species belonging to Galeodea and 

Sconsia are described; of the Ficidae, species belonging to Priscoficus, Perissolax, and Ficits; of the Buccinidae, the new genus 

Bolis. These forms have a considerable geographic distribution 

and rather short stratigraphic range and are therefore valuable 

in wide correlation of deposits.

INTRODUCTION

By virtue of a grant from the Penrose Bequest of 

the Geological Society of America I have been enabled 

to make certain studies on the Tertiary faunas of northeastern Mexico that supplement previous work on the 

faunas of other parts of the Atlantic and Gulf provinces. 

The Society has kindly permitted me to abstract these 

notes from a larger paper, now completed. I wish to 

acknowledge my indebtedness and to express my gratitude to the Council of the Geological Society of America.

Tubulostium is presented in the hope that new material may clarify the obscure relationships of this group 

of forms.

Representatives of the Cassididae, Ficidae, and 

Buccinidae are offered, which are of interest because 

of their wide geographic and relatively narrow geologic 

range. These families include, for the most part, 

species of at least moderate dimensions and distinctive 

aspect, not readily overlooked in collecting. Generalizations upon their occurrence can for that reason be 

made with more confidence than assumptions based 

upon the occurrence of small and inconspicuous forms. 

A new genus referred to the Buccinidae is notable 

biologically because of its distinctive aspect and geologically because of the narrow stratigraphic zone to 

which it is apparently confined.

No attempt has been made to cite complete synonymies in either part of this paper.

The species Galeodea (Gomphopagesf) millsapsi, described on page 26, is to be attributed to Prof. John 

Magrucler Sullivan, of Millsaps College, Jackson, Miss., 

and the present author jointly, and is included here 

through the kindness of Professor Sullivan.

I. THE ANNELID GENUS TUBULOSTIUM

The name and the systematic position of certain 

small shelly planospiral or nearly planospiral tubes

with a tangent apertural extremity have never been 

stabilized. Such an end is not gained in this paper, 

but an attempt is made to assemble references pertinent 

to the genus and to survey the species reported from 

the Tertiary of the Gulf province. I acknowledge 

with gratitude the interest and cooperation of Dr. 

T. H. Withers, of the British Museum, who has perhap^1 

indicated the proper placement of this obscure group.

Genus TUBULOSTIUM Stoliczka

July 1860. IMoerchia Mayer, Description d'un genre nouveau 

de Protopodes: Jour, conchyliologie, 2d ser., 

vol. 4, p. 308. Description founded on 

Solarium nysti[i] Galeotti, 1837, thougl 

Serpula turbinata is also included. "J'ai 

etudi<3 les caracteres du pretendu Solarium de 

Galeotti, et me suis assur6 qu'il constituait 

un genre nouveau dans 1'ordre des Protopodes. 

Je me permets de dedier ce genre a mon 

eminent collaborateur au Journal de conchyliologie, M. Moerch." The genotype is 

a low cone with a subcircular or cylindrical 

aperture and all the whorls (about 4) visible 

on both the apical and umbilical surfaces. It 

has the aspect of some of the vitrinellids. 

Not Moerchia A. Adams, Annals and Mag. Nat. 

History, ser. 3, vol. 5, p. 301, April 1860.

April 1861. Buriinella Morch, Review of the Vermetidae: Zool. 

Soc. London Proc. for 1861, p. 147. Original 

list includes Trochus contrarius Schroter, Solarium ntjstii Galeotti, Serpula turbinata Philippi. 

Vermicularia sowerbii Mantell, Vermicularia 

nodus Phillips.

1868. Tubulostium Stoliczka, Geol. Survey India Mem., Palaeontologia indica, Cretaceous fauna of southern 

India, vol. 2, pp. 236-237. No type designation. Species cited: "Of these the Serpulae 

like S. spirulaea Lamarck will probably have 

to be placed in this genus, although I am fo^- 

the present unable to compare good specimens 

of this species with our originals. The 

Jurassic Verm[etus] lumidus Sowjerby] i<* 

certainly a Tubulostium. The Spirorbis leptostoma Gabb, * * * from the American 

Tertiaries, would seem to belong also to this 

genus; and several others may be found subsequently. The two new species from Soutl 

India are T. discoideum and T. callosum."

1891. Tubulostium Whitfield, Observations on some Cretaceom 

fossils from the Beyrut district of Syria: Am. 

Mus. Nat. History Bull., vol. 3, p. 424, 

pi. 9, figs. 15, 16. Under Tubulostium 

rugosum Whitfield: "This species closely 

resembles the type species of Tubulostium, 

T. discoideum Stoliczka, Pal. indica, vol. 2,

17
18 SHOKTEK CONTKIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY, 1938-39

p. 240, pi. 18, figs. 20-25, in its general appearance except for the rugose character of the 

surface markings."

1904. Tubulostium Stoliczka. Rovereto, Contributo allo studio 

dei Vermeti fossili: Soc. geol. italiana Boll., 

vol. 23, p. 74. No type designation, but 

Serpula spirulaea Lamarck is referred 

definitely to Tubulostium and is considered, 

though incorrectly, a form apart in that it is 

the only species of the original list to which, 

according to Rovereto, the phrase testa 

liber a is pertinent. Vermicularia bognoriensis 

Sowerby is referred to Tubulostium, and its 

relationship to other species of the restricted 

group is discussed.

1912. Tubulostium Stoliczka. Cossmann, Essais de pale"oconchologie compared, vol. 9, p. 140. Considered 

a synonym of Burtinella Morch, 1861, but 

mention of a genotype is made ("Stoliczka a 

cr66 TubuloKtiurn (G.-T.: Serpula spirulaea 

Lk.) pour le facies trochiforme de Burtinella"). 

1926. Tubulostium Stoliczka. Doncieux, Catalogue descriptif 

des fossiles nummulitiques de 1'Aude et de 

1'Herault, pt. 2, fasc. 3, Corbieres septentrionales: Univ. Lyons Annales, n. ser., 

fasc. 45, p. 4 (as subgenus of Vermetus). 

No generic discussion but "Vermetus (Tubulostium) angulosus Chenu," abundant from the 

Sparnacien to the top of the middle Lutetien, 

is very fully discussed and fully figured. 

There is some difficulty in fixing the Lamarckian Serpula 

spirulaea,1 the type designated by Cossmann. Lamarck cites 

"Le Datin?" of Adanson 2 and under "Habite", "Fossile des 

environs de Bayonne et de Montbart." The Recent Senegalese 

shell is clearly of a group distinct from that of Tubulostium 

discoideum Stoliczka and Spirorbis leptostoma Gabb. There is, 

however, such a shell in the Eocene of southern France which has 

been accepted as Serpula spirulaea. Stoliczka's other species of 

Tubulostium, T. callosum, is a turbinate form similar to those 

referred to Burtinella.

Whether or not Burtinella is congeneric with Tubulostium must be decided by one familiar with the annelids. 

Burtinella Morch 3 replaced the preoccupied Moerchia 

Mayer.4 Mayer's description was founded upon Solarium nystii Galeotti, 1837, which may become the type by 

original designation. Serpula turbinata was also discussed but was considered a probable synonym of 

Solarium nystii. The genotype of Burtinella is a low 

cone with a subcircular or cylindrical aperture and all of 

the whorls visible on both the apical and the umbilical 

surfaces.

As a matter of fact, it is doubtful whether either 

Tubulostium or Burtinella is in good standing.

Certain characters—the inner calcareous tube, the 

lack of symmetry, and the mode of attachment of the 

early whorls—seemed so unlike those of any recognized 

gastropod that I sent some examples of our western 

Gulf species to Dr. T. H. Withers, of the British

1 Lamarck, J. B. P. A. de Monet de, Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertebres, 

vol. 5, p. 366, 1818.

* Adanson, Michel, Histoire naturelle de Senegal, p. 165, pi. 11, figs. 4a, 4b, 1757.

« Morch, O. A. L., Review of the Vermetidae, Zool. Soc. London Proc. for 1861, 

pt. 2, p. 147.

4 Mayer, Carl, Description d'un genre nouveau de Protopodes: Jour, conchyliologie, 2d ser., vol. 4, p. 308, July 1860 (not Moerchia A. Adams (Annals and Mag. Nat. 

History, April 1860).

Museum, asking him to compare them with Stoliczka's 

material and requesting his opinion upon the generic 

identity of Tubulostium discoideum and T. callosum. 

His word is the latest upon the systematic position of 

the group:

If these forms are to be differentiated from the genus Serpula, 

then it does seem that Tubulostium Stoliczka (1868) is not a valid 

name, for the forms included in it are no different from those 

included by Defrance, 1827, Dictionnaire des sciences naturelles, 

vol. 46, p. 322, in Rotularia (Rotularia) complancta Defrance 

(Serpula spirulaea Lamarck, Histoire naturelle c^es animaux 

sans vertebres, vol. 5, p. 366, 1818). Vermicularia is even an 

earlier (1822) name, but the forms are not flat or disklike, for 

the tube is invariably uncoiled for some distance from the 

aperture.

But, Dr. Withers continues, "without surveying the 

whole of the fossil Annelida" it will be impossible to 

determine their relationships.

As such a survey is entirely beyond my capacity or the 

scope of this paper, Tubulostium is here used for a certain compact group with recognizable shell characters 

and with world-wide distribution in the late Cretaceous 

and early Tertiary. In this report it includes small, 

shelly tubes coiled in a single or close to a single plane, 

irregular, and attached during the initial growth stages. 

The tubes may be and in many species are flattened 

upon one or more of the surfaces; the section of the 

exterior in some species is rudely quadrate, although the 

interior is rounded. The outer surface is corrugated in 

many species and corded at the peripheral angles, but 

with no definite sculpture pattern. The apertural extremity is free from the body wall and may be tangent 

to it for an appreciable distance. The inner wall of the 

aperture is circular in most of the observed material.

Although the systematic position of the group may be 

only vaguely defined stratigraphically, it is surprisingly 

coherent, and the sharpness of the stratigraphic limits 

is in itself evidence of a biologic entity. Tubulostium is 

for the most part a Cretaceous and early Tertiary group. 

There are a number of interesting factors in the distribution, among them the wide occurrence of Tubulostium 

south of the Equator during the Upper Cretaceous and 

the apparent absence of Tubulostium in the Paris Basin, 

although it is present in the London clay and in southern 

France.

I am greatly indebted to Dr. Charles W. Carter, of the 

Geological Survey of the State of Illinois, who has made 

the sections and the accompanying line drawings and 

has assisted me in the arrangement of the material.

Tubulostium mcglameryae Gardner, n. sp.

Plate 6, figures 11-13

Tubes small for the group, discoidal, coiled in a 

single or approximately a single plane. Area of attachment small; the inner tube unprotected initially, 

asymmetrically twisted or coiled. Adult tube performing about three complete volutions; the whorls bicarinate, an additional layer of dense grayish calcite en-
FOSSILS FROM THE EOCENE OF THE GULF PROVINCE 19

veloping the chalky inner tube. Outer whorls more or 

less overlapping the inner, the shell bulging in front of 

the sutures on both the upper and the lower surfaces; 

slightly concave directly in front of the peripheral keel. 

Periphery vertical, the upper and lower keels similar 

and sharply corded. Free terminal portion of the tube 

short and tangent to the preceding whorl. Aperture 

circular. Surface sculpture restricted to a roughening 

of the shell.

Dimensions of holotype: Height, 1.5 millimeters; 

diameter, 5.3 millimeters; length of free tangential 

tube, 2.6 millimeters.

Holotype and paratype in cross section: U. S. Nat. 

Mus. 496015.

Type locality: 3 miles south of Estelle, Wilcox 

County, Ala. Sucarnoochee clay of the Midway 

group.

I have the pleasure of naming this species in honor 

of Miss Winnie McGlamery, of the Paleontological 

Laboratory of the University of Alabama, who was the 

first to bring it to my attention. It is the smallest 

and the most regularly formed of the species under 

consideration. Some of the individuals referred to 

Tubulostium tobar Gardner from the Midway group of 

Texas approach closely the Midway species from 

Alabama, but they are larger and more crudely formed.

Tubulostium mcglameryae has been certainly recognized only in the vicinity of the type locality. The 

range of variation in these forms is not veiy well known, 

and possibly these two Midway species may be only 

varietally distinct.

A species that packs the limy sands of Fee 2, T. 6 N., 

R. 1 E., Hinds County, Miss., at a depth of 2,469 to 

2,472 feet may be referable to Tubulostium mcglameryae. 

The characteristic stratigraphic position of both T. 

mcglameryae and an unnamed, possibly specifically 

identical species from Caldwell County, Tex., is within 

the lower 4 feet of the basal Midway. Tubulostium 

tobar, however, occurs in both the lower and the upper 

parts of the Midway in southern and central Texas.

Tubulostium horatianum Gardner, n. sp.

Plate 6, figures 1-3, 7

Shell small, solid, compressed, discoidal or low turbinate in outline, probably adnate in youth. Earliest 

and most elevated portion of tube relatively very small 

and only traces of it preserved, probably because of 

the very thin shell unprotected by the denser and much 

heavier outer layer developed on the succeeding whorls. 

Adult portion of shell of two or three rapidly and 

regularly increasing whorls coiled approximately in a 

single plane. Whorls in contact as far as the short, 

constricted apertural portion, which is devoid of sculpture, except growth lines, and terminates in a small 

circular orifice. Surface of adult shell sharply though 

minutely wrinkled, the ridges crowded and fairly 

regular in spacing and elevation upon the convex outer

portion of the whorl, broken, bifurcating, occasionally 

diastomosing on the compressed portion in front of the 

suture and directly in front of and behind the sharply 

defined and corded periphery. Outer volution largely 

enveloping the preceding, but a small central depression 

suggesting an umbilicus usually visible.

Dimensions of holotype: Height, 3.0 millimeters; 

maximum diameter, 10.5 millimeters; diameter at right 

angles to maximum diameter, 8.3 millimeters.

Holotype: U. S. Nat. Mus. 483777.

Type locality: U. S. G. S. station 5142, 1% miles 

west of Sabinetown, Sabine County, Tex. Wilcox 

formation.

Tubulostium horatianum is remarkable for the rugosity of the small shell, for the prominent corded periphery and the brevity of the free apertural portion of 

the tube. The vertical section (fig. 1) indicates the 

elevation of the first whorls and the single plane in 

which the later whorls are coiled.

X4-

FIGURE 1.— Tubulostium horatianum Gardner, n. sp., cross section of the tube; 

Wilcox formation, IMi miles west of Sabinetown, Sabine County, Tex.

Tubulostium leptostoma (Gabb) 

Plate 6, figures 4-6, 8-10, 14, 15

1860. Spirorbis leptostoma Gabb, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 

Jour., 2d ser., vol. 4, p. 385, pi. 67, fig. 36 (by error in 

text "fig. 41").

1931. Spirorbis (Tubulostium) leptostoma Gabb. Renick and 

Stenzel, Texas Univ. Bull. 3101, p. 105, pi. 7, fig. 29. 

Referred to "Aimelida-Chaetopoda."

Discoid: Whorls three, carinated and partly enveloping the 

preceding whorl; mouth contracted, circular and advanced at a 

tangent from the subjacent whorl; surface marked by irregular 

undulating transverse striae.

Dimensions.—Diameter 0.3 inch.

Locality.—Common from Wheelock and found in Caldwell 

County.—Gabb, 1860.

Shell small, solid, discoidal or low turbinate in outline, adnate centrally in some if not in all individuals. 

Earliest observed portion of shell a very thin calcareous 

tube, smooth except for faint growth striae, not regularly 

coiled but doubled back upon itself without symmetry; 

a denser outer layer of shell developed at a diameter of 

1 to 2 millimeters, this shell or callus fusing between 

the contiguous portions of the tube and making a 

common body wall. A few, usually four or five fairly 

regular whorls, the first two or three low turbinate, the 

last two coiled in the same plane. The final portion 

of the tube free from the final whorl and tangent to it; 

constricted at the extremity into the circular aperture. 

Growth sculpture heavy upon the final whorls, the 

periphery usually sharply bicarinate.

Gabb's species occurs, for the most part, in a glauconitic sandstone, in a badly weathered state, and it is
20 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY, 1938-39

difficult to determine the essential characters and the 

range in variation. It seems improbable that there is 

more than a single species represented at Moseleys 

Ferry. The early whorls, when preserved, though they 

rarely are, are turbinate. Remnants of the thin, unprotected, unadorned, and irregularly coiled or folded 

tube are preserved in a few of the specimens. The 

dense callus developed when the shell reached 1% or 2 

millimeters in diameter masks the inner tube. The 

vertical section (fig. 2) indicates the pattern of the 

coiling of the later whorls. It is a much more smoothly 

elevated spiral than that of Tubulostium horatianum 

Gardner, in which the axis of the earlier turns approaches the vertical and that of the later approximates the horizontal. The external sculpture of the 

fresh shell probably did not differ very greatly from

FIGUEE 2.— Tubulostium leptostoma (Gabb), cross section of the tube; Cook 

Mountain formation, Moseleys Ferry, Brazos Eiver, near Stone City, Brazos 

County, Tex.

that of the Sabine River species; it was a little coarser, 

apparently, and perhaps not so deep. In most of the 

Moseleys Ferry individuals there is no fresh surface. 

The periphery on well-preserved specimens is bicarinate, one at the upper margin of the whorl, the other 

at the lower margin, and the area between them concave. In many of the weathered specimens no trace 

of these nor of the sculpture remains.

The species is probably restricted in its stratigraphic 

range to the horizon directly above the Moseley limestone of Renick and Stenzel, a horizon within the lower 

100 feet of the Cook Mountain formation of the Brazos 

River Valley.

Tubulcstium cortezi Gardner, n. sp.

Plate 6, figures 16-19

Shell moderately compressed, discoidal or low turbinate, rather small but heavy and crude. Early adnate 

portion of shell relatively large but known only from 

the merest fragments still retained on a few individuals. 

Adult portion of tube shielded by dense callus, performing between one and two visible turns, the final whorl 

largely enveloping the preceding and dextral or sinistral 

to the attached area. Apertural portion produced 

tangent to the shell, occasionally, as in the holotype, to 

a length as great as the diameter of the disk. Both 

upper and lower surfaces of disk rudely furrowed, the 

portion near the suture convex and cut off from the 

flattened outer portion, which simulates a wide peripheral flange; commonly an abrupt change in the sculpture pattern on the free portion of the tube, which may 

record only the growth lines and heavy resting stages 

and may be polygonal in outline; the free part of the

tube subject to breakage, the fragment often suggesting Hamulus in outline and texture. A pronounced 

thickening of the shell frequently observed at the angle 

between the disk and the tangent tube. A small central 

depression suggesting an umbilical opening usually 

visible.

Dimensions of holotype: Height, 3.7 millimeters; 

maximum diameter, 9.2 millimeters; diameter at right 

angles to maximum diameter, 9.8 millimeters; length of 

free portion of tube, 9.0 millimeters.

Holotype: U. S. Nat. Mus. 497155.

Type locality: U. S. G. S. station 13630, exposures 

along north edge of gravel scarp near TamaulipasNuevo Leon State line and east of road from Presa 

Nueva to Estacas, Nuevo Leon, Mexico.

Tubulostium cortezi exhibits several characters by 

which it may be separated from the other Tubulostiums 

of the Eocene of the western Gulf—the relatively large 

attachment area, the crudeness of the shell, the irregular surface of the disk, the much-produced free apertural 

portion, and the tendency to develop irregular bumps 

and depressions upon it. Like others of the genus, it 

is abundantly represented at the type locality.

The determination of Tubulostium occurring in 

abundance at Alabama Crossing on the Trinity River, 

10 miles west of Porters Springs, Houston County, 

Tex., has not been satisfactorily made. The fossils 

probably represent a new species, resembling T. cortezi 

in the surface contours and the extended tangential 

extremity but smaller and much more compressed. 

No very good vertical sections were made of either 

species, but 110 critical difference was noted in the imperfect ones that were cut. It is possible that the 

Tubulostium leptostoma (Gabb) of Renick and Stenzel, 

from Cedar Creek, 3.25 miles northeast cf Edge, is 

specifically identical with the Alabama Crossing form. 

At least, there are such specimens in the National 

Museum collections from the San Antorio road 1 

mile south of the intersection with the road from 

Edge, at the Robertson-Brazos County line. This 

horizon is distinctly higher than that at Alabama Crossing or that from which Tubulostium leptostoma was 

recovered. Renick and Stenzel report T. leptostoma 

from only a single horizon on the Brazos Fiver—that 

directly above their Moseley limestone, which Stenzel 

considers the top of Ms Stone City beds.5 It is possible 

that Tubulostium may have some value as r,n evidence 

of a depositional break. Both T. mcglameryae Gardner 

and Tubulostium sp. from Caldwell County, Tex., occur 

at the base of the Midway; T. leptostoma 110 more than 

3 feet above the Moseley limestone, in a bed which 

Stenzel considers the basal conglomerate of the Crockett 

marl of E. A. Wendlandt and G. M. Knetel; and T. 

cortezi directly above the Ostrea lisbonensis zone at the 

top of the Mount Selman of northeastern Mexico.

5 Stenzel, H. B., A new formation in the Claiborne group: Texas Univ. Bull. 3501, 

pp. 267-279, 1936,
FOSSILS FROM THE EOCENE OF THE GULF PROVINCE 21

II. THE GASTROPOD FAMILIES CASSIDIDAE, FICIDAE, 

AND BUCCINIDAE

Family CASSIDIDAE

The Cassididae, the "helmet shells," like the Ficidae, 

are, with the exception of an Oniscia from the Upper 

Cretaceous of India described by Stoliczka, restricted 

in time to the Tertiary and post-Tertiary faunas and 

in space to the tropical and subtropical to warmtemperate waters. They are, as a rule, rather thick 

and heavy, with low, broad spires, a relatively large 

and inflated body, with or without varices, and a more 

or less conspicuous development of callus on each side 

of the aperture.

Genus GALEODEA Link

1807. Galeodea Link, Beschreibung der Naturalien-Sammlung 

der Universitat zu Rostock, vol. 3, p. 113.

Type by monotypy: Bucdnum echinophora Linnaeus. 

Recent in the Mediterranean.

Wrigley, in a very excellent paper,6 writes that the 

genotype of Galeodea is happily chosen, "for it is notoriously variable from long to short forms and between 

very nodose varieties and those with faintly denticulated or even simple carinae. This great variation 

prescribes a latitude in defining other species of the 

genus and checks the creation of unnecessary subgenera 

or sections."

Cossmann 7 used Cassidaria Lamarck, 1812, maintaining that Galeodea was preoccupied by Olivier, 1791, 

and Bolten, 1798. Both Olivier and Bolten, however, 

used the form Galeodes rather than Galeodea, so that 

the name Galeodea was still available in 1807. Galeodaria Conrad (monotype, Galeodaria petersoni Conrad) 

and Doliopsis Conrad (monotype, Doliopsis tricarinatum Conrad), possibly a nomen nudum, both published 

without other description than the citation of the type,8 

may be included within the confines of Galeodea.

The western Tertiary representatives are monographically treated in papers by Schenck 9 and Miss 

Tegland. 10

Galeodea covers the helmet shells of moderate size 

and thickness, with relatively few whorls, six to eight 

in the specimens of the genotype observed, including 

the small paucispiral naticoid protoconch. The whorls 

of the spire are low and increase rapidly in diameter; 

the body whorl is relatively very large, inflated, and 

girdled with a few prominent spiral bands that may or 

may not carinate the whorl and are, at least on the 

posterior portion of the body, usually nodular. The

nodes are not remnants of an axial sculpture and, to —————— »

» Wrigley, Arthur, English Eocene and Oligocene Cassididae, with notes on the 

nomenclature and morphology of the family: Malacol. Soc. London Proc., vol. 21. 

pp. 108-130, pis. 15-17, 1934.

7 Cossmann, Maurice, Essais de palfioconchologie comparee, vol. 5, p. 129,1903.

8 Conrad, T. A., Catalogue of the Eocene and Oligocene Testacea of the United 

States: Am. Jour. Conchology, vol. 1, p. 26,1865.

9 Schenck, H. G., Cassididae of western America: California Univ., Dept. Geol. 

Sci., Bull., vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 69-98, pis. 12-15, 1 text fig., 1926.

10 Tegland, N. M., The gastropod genus Galeodea in the Oligocene of Washington: 

California Univ., Dept. Geol. Sci., Bull., vol. 19, no. 18, pp. 397-434, pis. 59-65,1931.

quote Wrigley, their position on the successive spirals 

is commonly "staggered." A secondary spiral liration 

may or may not be developed. The terminal varix is 

prominent, and traces of former terminal varices may 

or may not be retained. Wrigley noted that, when 

present, they occur at intervals of 180° or 270°. The 

inner lip is widely reflected over the body wall and in the 

genotype is free from it at the base of the body. Rugosities in the form of denticles or lirae are usually developed upon the inner labral surface and the pillar and 

parietal walls. The anterior canal is very narrow, the 

fascicle compressed and, in the genotype, curved 

sharply backward.

Galeodaria Conrad, from the Jackson of Mississippi, 

is a smaller, thinner shell than Galeodea echinophora 

but is closer to Galeodea s. s. than the tricarinate and 

bicarinate members of the group, with long anterior 

canals, that are widely distributed hi the lower Tertiary. 

These have been segregated under the section Mambrinia.

The distribution of Galeodea in time and space is 

remarkable. None of the records of the genus from 

the pre-Tertiary have been verified. Morio (Sconsia) 

tubercvlatus Gabb, described presumably from the 

Cretaceous of California, occurs hi fact in the Eocene. 

Cassidaria cretacea Miiller, described from the Aachener 

Kreide of western Germany, was determined by 

Holzapfel u to be an Acteonella. In any case, the 

holotype was an internal mold, which, according to 

Wrigley, 12 cannot be found. Sconsia alabamensis Gabb, 

1864, is not a Galeodea. There is no record of the genus 

in the earliest Tertiary (Paleocene), but hi the remaining lower Tertiary the distribution is that commonly 

interpreted as characteristic of a long established race. 

In the lower and middle Eocene and in the Oligocene 

closely related species are widely distributed in the 

temperate and warmer deposits, though nowhere 

abundantly represented. The group includes Galeodea 

koureos Gardner, from the Wilcox of the eastern and 

western Gulf; possibly Cassidaria dubia Aldrich, from 

the Wilcox of Woods Bluff, Ala.; Cassidaria planotecta 

Meyer and Aldrich, the type of the section Mambrinia, 

from the Lisbon formation (Claiborne) of Mississippi; 

Cassidaria brevidentata Aldrich, from the Red Bluff 

(basal Oligocene) of Mississippi; Galeodea gallica 

Wrigley and the subspecies clarendonensis, from the 

London clay; Cassidaria enodis Deshayes from the 

upper Bracklesham beds of England and the Lutetian 

of the Paris Basin; a species from Kressenburg, in 

southern Bavaria; a species from the Bordeaux Basin; 

Cassis postalensis Oppenheim, from the Monte Postale 

beds of northern Italy; and Galeodea sutterensis Dickerson and Galeodea susannae Schenck, from the California 

section, the one from the Meganos and the other from 

the Domengine. In the later Tertiary and in the

u Holzapfel, Eduard, Die Mollusken der Aachener Kreide: Palaeontographica, 

vol. 34, p. 82, pi. 7, figs. 11, 14-16, 1888. 

u Wrigley, Arthur, op. cit., p, 128, footnote.
22 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY, 1938-39

Recent seas, Galeodea is for the most part Mediterranean 

in distribution, although there are two species in the 

Orient. Galeodea echinophorella Hirase, a Recent 

species described from Japan, is closer to the lower 

Tertiary forms than G. leucodoma Ball, the only other 

oriental Galeodea of which I have record. Cassis 

coronadoi, rare in the Recent West Indian faunas, has

part, nodes running transversely, with another fi^er nodulous 

line above; center of body whorl with a strongly raised line, a 

lesser one above, with fine close-set ones betwee^; below the 

center are four raised lines with finer ones between; beak nearly 

straight, the outer lip meeting it at an acute anile; aperture 

ovate, the revolving lines passing into it; labium with rugose 

plaits below, upon a reflected callus; labrum reflected, with strong 

plaits in pairs on the edge. Length, %o of an inch; breadth, 5/io.

FIGURE 3.—Map showing distribution of Galeodea.

been referred to Galeodea. It is a thin shell, more than 

12 centimeters high, with the anterior notch of a Cassis. 

The geographic distribution of Galeodea is shown in 

figure 3.

Galeodea? shubutensis (Aldrich)

1885. Cassis (Semicassis) shubutensis Aldrich, Cincinnati Soc. 

Nat. Hist. Jour., vol. 8, p. 147, pi. 2, figs. 5a, 5b.

1886. Cassis (Semicassis) shubutensis Aldrich, Alabama Geol. 

Survey BuU. 1, p. 33, pi. 2, figs. 5a, 5b.

Shell rather thin, oblong-oval; whorls six, convex, the surface 

with revolving lines; suture distinct; apex pointed; spire elevated, 

the first three whorls nearly smooth, the next two slightly 

carinate; body whorl with a sharp nodulous line on the upper

Localities: 200 yards north of railroad bridge beT ow Shubuta, 

Miss., and also at Red Bluff.

Differs from all other forms by its prominent lines, absence of 

any varices, only two nodulous lines, and size.—.Aldrich, 1885.

Both the generic determination of shubutensis and 

the specific determination of our Mexican material are 

dubious. The species' does not show the strong backward twist to the extremity of the canal that characterizes Galeodea, but possibly the few examples observed 

of this rare form had not reached full maturity. Even 

so, it has too much in common with Galeodea (Galeodaria) petersoni Conrad to be isolated generically. The 

Mexican specimens are probably distinct, at least sub-
FOSSILS FROM THE EOCENE OF THE GULF PROVINCE

specifically, but none of the apertures are perfect, and 

there is a possibility of finding better material to serve 

as types.

The Mexican specimens seem to run smaller than 

shubutensis from Mississippi, with lower spires and a 

more decided sculpture pattern. The nodes upon the 

shoulder spiral are more prominent and the body 

primary spirals more elevated. The number is constant, however, in the Mexican species and in that from 

Mississippi, and the character of the secondary threading is similar in the two forms. The labral varix and 

the parietal callus are heavier in the smaller form. The 

canal has not been preserved on any of the four Mexican 

specimens.

The species is known from a single locality, U. S. G. S. 

station 13510, 3,400 feet south and 1,000 feet east of 

Rancho la Copa, Zacate, Nuevo Le6n, Mexico. The 

horizon is probably the same or close to that from which 

shubutensis was recovered.

Galeodea? sp.

A species, known only from fragmentary material, in 

the tricarinate body, the absence of axial sculpture, and 

the character of the spiral sculpture, recalls Galeodea 

(Galeodaria) petersoni Conrad, the genotype of his 

Galeodaria, described from the Jackson of Jackson, 

Miss. The aperture is not preserved on any of the four 

specimens, but the fragments indicate a longer, less 

twisted canal than that of petersoni. The Mexican 

species are of Oligocene age and were collected at 

U. S. G. S. station 13581, southeast from Rancho 

Gigante, Escondido, Mendez, Tamaulipas, Mexico; and 

U. S. G. S. station 13539, south of Rancho Miralejas, 

.Carlos Cantu, Nuevo Le6n, Mexico. The age of the 

Nuevo Le6n species is probably middle Oligocene; that 

from Mendez, Tamaulipas, may be younger. Possibly 

these fragments may indicate the persistence of the 

petersoni stock in the Oligocene of the western Gulf.

Galeodea? sp.

. Incomplete specimens with the apertural characters 

not preserved but suggesting in outline and general 

sculpture pattern "Galeodia" tricarinata Conrad from 

the Vicksburg have been recovered from three localities 

in the Oligocene of northeastern Mexico. The Mexican 

species is probably not identical with that from Mississippi, for the number of shoulder spirals is lower, but the 

affiliation seems sufficiently close to be significant. G. 

tricarinata Conrad is a larger form than G. shubutensis 

Aldrich from the Red Bluff, the early whorls are buccinoid in outline, and the shoulder ramp is not developed 

in the type specimen until the final whorl of the spire. 

The sculpture upon the early whorls is evenly and 

delicately reticulate in tricarinata, and the liration upon 

the shoulder and between the keels is sharper and more 

regular than it is in shubutensis.

47276—39———2

The undetermined species has been recognized from 

the following localities in the Oligocene of northeastern 

Mexico: U. S. G. S. station 14147, NE. from Ranchc 

Palo Blanco, Carlos Cantu, Nuevo Leon, Mexico; 

U. S. G. S. station 14145, 10 or 20 meters deep in dug 

well at Rancho los Ebanitos, Carlos Cantu, Nuevc 

Le6n, Mexico; and U. S. G. S. station 13582, southeast from Rancho el Tigre, Mendez, Tamaulipas, 

Mexico.

Section MAMBRINIA Gardner, n. sec.

Type: Cassidaria planotecta Meyer and Aldrich. 

Lisbon formation (Claiborne) of the Gulf province.

The section Mambrinia is created to include a group 

of species of the genus Galeodea intimately related biologically, restricted in their known stratigraphic range, 

and rather widely distributed geographically. The 

characteristic features of the shell are the bicarinate or 

obscurely tricarinate outline of the body whorl, the 

keels outlined by noded spirals, the remaining spiral 

sculpture usually fine and simple, only a single varix am? 

that terminal, and a long, slender anterior canal produced in the plane of the aperture but not of the axis of 

the body and spire.

The group has been recognized in the Wilcox of the 

eastern and western Gulf, the Meganos of California, 

and the London clay of England; in the upper part of 

the lower Claiborne of the United States and of Mexico; 

in the Domengine of the western Tertiary, the Lutetiar 

of the Paris Basin, and the Bracklesham beds of 

England; and in the Red Bluff of Mississippi and tho 

Oligocene of Germany.

Galeodea (Mambrinia) koureos Gardner, n. sp.

1899. Cassidaria brevidentata var. Harris, Bull. Am. Paleontology, 

vol. 3, p. 67, pi. 8, fig. 18.

Shell of moderate dimensions, not very heavy for the 

group. Spire moderately high, the early whorls of tho 

conch broadly rounded, the later ones broadly shouldered 

and carinate a little behind the suture line. Body 

whorl highly inflated, broadly and somewhat obliquely 

shouldered. Protoconch not preserved in any of the 

available material. Four or five whorls of the conch 

still retained. Ornamentation spiral. The posterior 

of the three major spirals the most prominent, outlining the periphery and the outer margin of the shoulder; traceable to the apex of the imperfect shell, thougb 

it does not carinate the earlier whorls; sharply crenulated with 14 nodes. Medial spiral girdling the body 

from the posterior extremity of the aperture to tho 

labrum, separated from the anterior and medial spiralr 

by slightly concave areas, placed a little closer to tho 

anterior than to the posterior, obscurely crenulated, 

the nodes irregular and not in line with those of tho 

posterior spiral, 11 in number. Anterior spiral at tho 

base of the body, not so strong as the two in front of it 

and not regularly noded. A single relatively sharp.
24 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY, 1938-39

usually beaded threadlet midway between the peripheral 

spiral and the posterior suture. Entire surface very 

finely and closely lirate, the lirae overridden by the 

sharp and crowded incremental. Aperture moderately 

wide, slightly oblique. Outer lip varicose, not overridden by the spirals, thickened within and without, the 

constituent lamellae visible on the outer surface, the 

edge sharp and the inner surface smooth except for a 

thickening of the shell, too obscure to be called a denticle, opposite the posterior spiral and at the entrance to 

the anterior canal. Inner margin of aperture sigmoidal. 

Parietal glaze so thin that the medial and anterior 

spirals may be traced through it but so dense in texture 

that it stands free from the body wall" at the base. 

Anterior fascicle narrow, compressed, finely threaded, 

twisted sharply backward and to the left of the aperture, probably not emarginate at its extremity, although 

this is not preserved.

Dimensions of holotype: Height, 30 millimeter's; 

greatest diameter, 20.0 millimeters.

Type material: Holotype, U. S. Nat. Mus. 484078, 

from U. S. G. S. station 3098, Bells Landing, Alabama 

River, Monroe County, Ala. Paratype: U. S. Nat. Mus. 

484079, from U. S. G. S. station 13661, west of Los 

Aldamas, Nuevo Le6n, Mexico.

Galeodea (Mambrinia) koureos bears slight resemblance to C. brevidentata Aldrich from the Red Bluff but 

is a well-characterized species that seems to have been 

rather widely distributed if not abundantly represented 

in the lower part of the Wilcox. An imperfect specimen 

was collected at Pendleton Ferry, on the Texas side of 

the Sabine River, at a horizon that has been correlated 

with the Tuscahoma. This individual shows the three 

characteristic body spirals.

The Mexican species shows no characters by which it 

can be separated from the forms from Bells Landing. 

All the forms are of about the same size and are rather 

thin. The other Galeodea from the Wilcox of Mexico, 

described below, is a third larger, the crenulation of the 

posterior spiral appears earlier upon the spire, and the 

body is bicarinate with no trace of the third major 

spiral preserved on any of the numerous examples. 

The specimens of Galeodea (Mambrinia) koureos give 

evidence of maturity, so that it is not possible to account 

for the differences in size and sculpture by age.

Distribution in Mexico: Wilcox group, U. S. G. S. 

station 13661, west of Los Aldamas, Nuevo Le6n, 

Mexico; (?) U. S. G. S. station 13671, near southwest 

end of presa on El Puerto-Canada del Agua road, 

Nuevo Leon, Mexico.

Galeodea (Mambrinia) sp.

Plate 7, figures 3-5

Molds to which fragments of the sculptured shell 

are still adherent occur abundantly in the sandstones 

of the Indio formation in the vicinity of Rancho Blanco, 

Nuevo Le6n. The molds indicate a relatively large

species, probably at least 50 millimeters high. The 

whorls are few and are wound so that the carinate 

periphery of the whorl is usually visible a little behind 

the suture line. The body is strongly bicarirate, with 

each of the keels bearing possibly 10 to 15 nodes that 

tend to alternate in position. There is no indication of 

a third keel on either the young or the very old specimens. Fragments of adherent shell indicate a fine 

liration, which probably covered the entire shell. The 

characters of the aperture are not preserved, but traces 

of a varicose outer lip are still retained on a few specimens. The canal is broken on all the irdividuals 

observed.

The absence of any indication of a third keel in front 

of the other two makes it improbable that these are 

conspecific with the species occurring in the TVilcox on 

the Rio San Juan. It is larger than any of the other 

Eocene forms recognized and in profile suggests a 

low-spired member of the group of Levifusus trabeatus.

Distribution: Wilcox group, U. S. G. S. station 13681, 

southwest of Rancho Blanco; U. S. G. S. station 13466, 

4 kilometers north of staci6n Herreras, Nuevo Leon, 

Mexico.

Galeodea (Mambrinia) planotecta (Meyer and Aldrich)

Plate 7, figures 1, 2, 10, 15

1886. Cassidaria planotecta Meyer and Aldrich, Cincinnati Soc. 

Nat. History Jour., p. [43] (no printed pagination), 

pi. 2, fig. 14.

Spire very much flattened. Three and a half embryonic 

whorls form a subglobular nucleus. Adult whorls four. Body 

whorl with two carinas, the upper one carrying subspines. 

Surface covered with rather distant, elevated revoking lines. 

Inner lip spread over the body whorl. Columella irregularly 

tuberculated.

Newton.

The figure on the plate, though still representing a fragment, 

is restored from two specimens. The form is characterized by 

its flat spire.—Meyer and Aldrich, 1886.

The specimen figured by Meyer and Aldrich did not 

retain the long obliquely directed anterior canal. A 

much more perfect example was later collected from 

Indian Mound, sectioned by the Alabama & Vicksburg 

Railroad 3 miles east of Newton, Miss., a locality that 

has been renowned since Aldrich's day. It is highly 

probable that the collection studied by Aldrich and 

Meyer was made in that cut, the best and the bestknown fossil locality in the vicinity of Newton.

The shell from Indian Mound figured in tl e present 

report includes two nuclear and four post-nuclear whorls. 

The first protoconchal turn is very small and largely 

submerged, the second much larger, broadly rounded, 

entirely smooth, and of a dull luster. Tfie break 

between the nuclear and postnuclear turns is marked 

by a varicose resting stage, a change in the texture and 

color of the shell, and the initiation of about half a 

dozen fine equal spiral lirae, equally spaced, with the 

addition of two even finer lirae directly in front of the
FOSSILS FKOM THE EOCENE OF THE GULF PEOVINCE 25

suture line, which give a somewhat shouldered aspect 

to the whorl. The first whorl and the greater part of 

the second whorl of the conch are relatively high and 

broadly rounded and were probably included in the 

original description in the "subglobular nucleus." 

Near the end of the second turn of the conch the whorl 

rather abruptly flattens, and the spiral sculpture 

becomes more strong and less regular. No axial 

sculpture is developed, however, until the final turn. 

The body exhibits a broad, flat shoulder serrated with 

12 spiny tubercles, which increase in strength toward 

the aperture. A second but less prominent series 

girdles the basal periphery. The tubercles in the second 

series are only eight, not spiny, and inclined to stagger 

the shoulder tubercles. The body between the shoulder 

and basal series is flattened or slightly concave. A 

spiral sculpture with secondaries intercalated with a fair 

degree of regularity is developed over the entire body. 

The base of the body is abruptly and obliquely constricted into the very slender canal. The outer lip is 

varicose, with a Cassis-like flare. The parietal wash 

is very heavy and stands free from the body wall in the 

umbilical area. A few irregular transverse wrinkles 

corrugate both the body and pillar callus. The throat 

and margin of the outer lip are smooth except for a 

single posterior fold, which marks off the posterior 

siphonal fasciole, and a similar fold at the entrance to 

the anterior canal. The canal is not far from half as 

long as the entire shell, produced in the plane of the 

aperture but not in the axis of the body and spire, with 

parallel and closely proximate margins.

Dimensions of figured topotype (?): Height, 43.5 

millimeters; greatest diameter, 25.0 millimeters. 

Figured topotype (?): U. S. Nat. Mus. 494958. 

Locality: Indian Mound, 3 miles east of Newton, 

Miss., in cut of Alabama & Vicksburg Railroad. 

There is no closely comparable American species. 

The European Galeodea enodis (pi. 7, figs. 11, 12, 14), 

which G. planotecta resembles in general aspect, is tricarinate rather than bicarinate and differs further in 

the corrugation of the inner margin of the outer lip. 

The fragmentary Mexican material is a little more 

coarsely lirate than that from Mississippi, and the difference may prove to be something more than individual. With the exception of a single imperfect mold, 

the Mexican individuals come from the upper part of 

the Cook Mountain. The shell fragments adherent 

to the imperfect mold indicate a sculpture pattern 

differing slightly from that displayed by the individuals 

from the higher horizon.

The single mold to which reference has been made 

comes from the lower part of the Cook Mountain at 

U. S. G. S. station 13559, east of Dr. Coss, Zacate, 

Nuevo Le6n, Mexico.

Distribution: Upper part of the lower Claiborne 

group, Indian Mound, 3 miles east of Newton, Miss.; 

U. S. G. S. station 13553, on road from La Paroda to

General Bravo, 2.7 kilometers west of Rancho Paroda, 

Carlos Cantu, Nuevo Leon, Mexico; U. S. G. S. station 

13800, southeast from Rancho Magueyes and northwest 

from Arcebuz on Rio San Juan, Mexico; (?) U. S. G. S. 

station 13535, southwest of Rancho Miralejas, Carlos 

Cantu, Nuevo Le6n, Mexico; and (?) U. S. G. S. station 

13984, southeast from La Presa No. 1, Tamaulip<\s, 

Mexico.

Subgenus GOMPHOPAGES Gardner, n. subgen.

Type: Galeodea (Gomphopages} turneri Gardner. 

Mount Selman formation, Bastrop County, Tex.

Shell of moderate dimensions, heavy, porcelaneo'is; 

the body relatively very large, embracing the spire, of 

which only the shoulders of a few broadly inflated 

spirally lirate whorls are visible. Body whorl bicarinate, the shoulder broad and outlined by a row of 

triangular tubercles, flattened in a vertical plane and 

inclined slightly away from the aperture. A basal 

series of similar though much less prominent spines in 

line with those that coronate the shoulder and united 

to them by low axials. Shell in front of the basal 

carina concave and compressed. Aperture irregular in 

outline, narrow posteriorly, expanding at the base of 

the body and constricted abruptly at the entrance to 

the canal. Aperture, except for the narrow opening 

into the canal, entirely surrounded by a heavy callus, 

padded so that the shell, aperture downward, rests upon 

a flat surface. Outer lip varicose, flattened at the margin, not dentate within but with a shallow depression 

corresponding to the shoulder keel; behind the depression a crude tubercle facing the heavy callus upon the 

inner wall, so that the aperture is constricted, doubtless 

for the extrusion of the posterior siphon. Callus 

widely reverted over the body wall and around the 

posterior commissure, the margin free from the wall at 

the base of the body. Inner margin of columellar wall 

rugose. Canal more than half the length of the aperture, compressed at right angles to the axis of the shell 

and bent obliquely backward and to the left; the margins of the canal parallel and proximate.

The shells of the subgenus Gomphopages are heavier 

and more chalky than those of Galeodea s. s. T1 ^ 

shoulder tubercles are more prominent and show a 

characteristic flattening in the plane of the axis. T." s 

tubercles of the secondary series at the base of the body 

do not exhibit the characteristic "staggering" but are 

in line with the shoulder nodes and united with them 

by low, regular axial riblets. The anterior canal is 

broad, compressed and of no more than medium length.

The subgenus is known only from the subgenotypo.

Galeodea (Gomphopages) turneri Gardner, n. sp.

Plate 8, figures 1, 4

Shell of usual dimensions for the group, unusually 

heavy. Spire very low, the apex scarcely rising above 

the reverted lip at the posterior extremity of the
26 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY, 1938-39

aperture. Body widely shouldered, deeply serrate at 

the periphery and serrate but less deeply at the second 

carina which outlines the base of the body. Inner 

lateral margin deeply and abruptly constricted at the 

base of the body, the outer lateral margin scarcely at all. 

Anterior canal horizontally compressed and turned 

sharply to the left and backward. A single nuclear 

whorl preserved. Four rapidly enlarging postnuclear 

whorls, the incised suture following the periphery and 

on the last whorl crenulated by the coronal spines. 

Entire surface spirally lirate, the lirae tending to alternate in strength and running about five primaries to 

each of the whorls of the spire and the shoulder of the 

body, finer and less regular upon the medial portion of 

the body, coarser toward the anterior fascicle. Axial 

sculpture developed only upon the final whorls. Peripheral spines very strong, laterally compressed, nine 

on the unique type, one of the nine partly concealed 

by the reverted outer lip; series at the base of the body 

less prominent, more conical than those on the periphery 

but in line with them. Incremental sculpture relatively 

strong, retractive upon the shoulder. Aperture narrow, obliquely lenticular, bent toward the apex and 

obtusely angulated posteriorly, obscurely angulated 

also at the periphery, compressed anteriorly into a 

slotlike opening. Apertural opening entirely surrounded by heavily callused margins. Outer lip very 

much thickened and reverted, with a suggestion of a 

Cassis-like flattening and, at the opening to the anterior 

canal, a suggestion of a constriction such as that upon 

Strombus for the extrusion of the eye stalks; reverted 

lip continuous around the posterior commissure, encroaching slightly upon the preceding whorl and spread 

widely and heavily over the body wall, but free from it 

between the keel at the base of the body and the anterior 

fascicle. Fascicle conspicuously wide and conspicuously compressed, oblique to the axis of the shell.

Dimensions of holotype: Height, 43.0 millimeters; 

greatest diameter, 38.0 millimeters; diameter at right 

angles to the greatest diameter, 32.0 millimeters.

Holotype: U. S. Nat. Mus. 495184.

Type locality: U. S. G. S. station 13808, bend of the 

Colorado River 3 miles above old Burleson Ferry, Bastrop County, Tex. Lower part of Mount Selman 

formation.

There is no comparable form.

The species is honored with the name of Dr. F. E. 

Turner, of the faculty of the Agricultural and Mechanical College, Bryan, Tex. Dr. Turner is particularly 

interested and concerned with the Reklaw fauna, but 

he generously waived his interest in this fine specimen.

Distribution: Type locality only.

Galeodea (Gomphopages?) millsapsi Sullivan and Gardner, n. sp.

Plate 8, figures 2, 3, 6

Shell large for the group, heavy. Outline cassidiform, the apertural face flattened, and the spire very 

low; the whorls expanding rapidly to the coronated

periphery of the body. Protoconch and possibly the 

first whorl of the conch lost. Conch known from the 

five remaining whorls. Earliest known whorl of conch 

and a part of the succeeding turn inflated medially, 

flattening, however, toward the end of th°- second 

known turn; later whorls broadly shouldered, the suture 

following the periphery. Body bicarinate, the shoulder 

tubercles more prominent than the series toward the 

base of the body. Sculpture, on earliest whorls, of 

spiral lirae that tend to alternate in strength; on the 

later whorls of the spire stronger on the meclirl portion 

of the shoulder than in front of or behind it and tending 

to become obsolete upon the shoulder of the body. 

Lirae feebly overriding both the shoulder carina and 

that near the base of the body, even more faint upon 

the slightly concave lateral area between the carinae; 

fine but fairly sharp in front of the second cr,rina and 

least fine and most regular upon the anterior fascicle. 

Incremental sufficiently strong to crinkle tl^, spirals 

minutely, retractive upon the shoulder. Perphery of 

body crenulated with 14 to 15 tubercles, compressed at 

right angles to the axis of the shell, directed outward 

and slightly backward; a second series of about eight 

nodes, "staggered," axially compressed, and pinched, 

girdling the body just above the base. Aperture oblique 

to the axis of the shell, the margins not far from parallel, 

widening slightly with the basal constriction of the 

body and narrowing with a slight change in direction 

at the entrance to the short, sinistrally inclined canal. 

Outer margin of aperture thickened, forming a flat 

outer lip on which the component laminae are traceable; 

notched at the fascicle and at a point corresponding in 

position to the peripheral keel, produced backward and 

continuous with the heavy callus of the reversed inner 

lip, which thickly washes the body wall; the callus 

standing apart from the body wall at the base but 

adnate at the fascicle, the edge of the callus free and 

sharp throughout its extent. A few rugosites developed 

upon the inner margin of the pillar, but no folds. 

Anterior fascicle compressed but to a less marked 

degree than in Galeodea (Gomphopages} turneri Gardner; 

the direction of the short anterior canal and its proximate parallel margins similar to those of Gomphopages.

Dimensions of holotype: Height, 60.0± millimeters; 

greatest diameter, 49.0 millimeters; diameter at right 

angles to greatest diameter, 45.0 millimeters.

Holotype: U. S. Nat. Mus. 496019.

Type locality: Town Creek, Jackson, Miss. Moodys 

marl member of the Jackson formation.

This largest and finest of our Eocene Galeodea was 

generously deposited in the U. S. National Museum 

by the collector and senior author of the species, Dr. 

John Magruder Sullivan, professor of geology at 

Millsaps College, Jackson, Miss., the institution in 

whose honour it is named.

There is nothing closely comparable with Galeodea 

millsapsi. Imperfectly known forms from the Wilcox
FOSSILS FROM THE EOCENE OF THE GULF PROVINCE 27

of northeastern Mexico show comparable dimensions 

and outline, but the canal was probably longer, and 

they are referred to the subgenus Mambrinia. The 

other Jackson species, Galeodea petersoni (Conrad), is 

smaller, much less angular, and, like the genotype, 

girdled with several, usually four, prominent spirals, 

which are not spinose. Galeodea susannae Schenck, 

from the Domengine, is also smaller and has much the 

same outline, and the sculpture pattern, though similar 

in a general way, is much more vigorously developed. 

Galeodea geminata Wrigley is another bicarinate 

Galeodea with a low spire and short anterior canal, but 

the sculpture pattern differs and the aperture is more 

expanded. The specimen figured by Wrigley, less than 

half the size of G. millsapsi, was collected from the 

lower Bracklesham beds at Southampton Dock. In 

many characters—the general outline, much of the 

sculpture detail, and the character of the anterior 

fasciole—the Jackson species recalls Galeodea (Gomphopages) turneri, from Mount Selman, but one of the characters that has been considered important in the 

Galeodea group is the relationship of the nodes in the 

different series. They are most commonly "staggered", 

as in G. millsapsi, but in the subgenotype of Gomphopages the shoulder nodes and those at the base of 

the body are in line. There is not sufficient material to 

be sure that this feature is of superspecific importance. 

Distribution: The type is unique.

Genus SCONSIA Gray 

1847. Sconsia Gray, Zool. Soc. London Proc., pt. 15, p. 137.

Type by original designation: Cassidaria striata 

Lamarck. Recent in the West Indies.

Shell of medium or rather large size, ovoid, the spire 

low and broad, the body broadly inflated. Protoconch 

horny, small, paucispiral, smooth, the initial turn immersed at the tip. Whorls of spire trapezoidal, increasing rapidly in diameter. Body broadly inflated, 

relatively large, the aperture more than two-thirds the 

height of the shell. Sutures impressed. Entire surface 

spirally lirate, the lirae crowded and flattened except 

upon the earlier whorls of the spire and the fascioie. No 

axial sculpture except growth riblets, a terminal varix, 

and usually, though not invariably, a body varix, so 

placed that its sharply defined margin intercepts the 

reverted pillar callus at the extreme base of the body. 

Terminal varix heavy, defined exteriorly by a shallow 

groove, lirate within. Parietal wash thin but widely 

spread, thickening toward the base of the body, corrugated at the base of the body, and lirate at right 

angles to the margin of the pillar. Anterior canal 

short, broad, the margins proximate, nasute and 

emarginate at its extremity.

The genus has been discussed by Dall, 13 Pilsbry, 1 *

13 Dall, W. H., Contributions to the Tertiary paleontology of the Pacific coast: I, 

The Miocene of Astoria and Coos Bay, Oregon: U. S. Qeol. Survey Prof. Paper 59, 

p. 66, 1909.

u Pilsbry, H. A., Review of W. M. Qabb's Tertiary Molluscs of Santo Domingo: 

Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia Proc., vol. 73, pp. 361-363, 1922.

Woodring, 15 Wrigley, 16 and a number of other authors.

The inflated anterior fasciole and deep, obliquely 

directed terminal notch that characterize Cassis and 

Semicassis are not developed in Sconsia, and both the 

labral and the parietal callus are relatively thin for the 

family. Because of its prominent anterior fascicle 

Woodring excludes from Sconsia the species "Cassis" 

nuperus Conrad, from the Gosport sand—a species 

cited both by Dall and by Pilsbry as an ancestral forn 

from which have descended lintea Conrad of the Vicksburg fauna and hodgii Conrad of the Dulpin fauna. 

Wrigley stresses the close affiliation to Semicassis rather 

than to Galeodea, under which Sconsia was given subgeneric status by Dall.

True Sconsia is apparently represented in the upp?x 

Eocene of notheastern Mexico, but in the eastern Gulf 

province it has not been recognized in strata earlier 

than the Oligocene, and Woodring, 1928, affirms that 

"no Sconsias are recorded from tropical America from 

deposits older than lower Miocene." The Recent 

species are restricted in their known distribution to tl o 

West Indies.

Sconsia zacatensis Gardner, n. sp.

Plate 7, figure 9

Shell rather small for the group, thick, heavy, ard 

stout fusiform in outline. Spire short, tapering rapidly 

to an acute apex. Body whorl ovate. Outer surface of 

spire decorticated, the apex decollated. Remainir^ 

whorls numbering seven and a fraction, six of them 

apparently included in the conch, although the dividir^ 

line is rather obscure. Protoconch probatly small, 

smooth and paucispiral. Whorls of the conch increasing rapidly in diameter, with a broad, steeply sloping, 

slightly concave shoulder. Axial sculpture of numerous 

low riblets, not very regular and tending to complete 

evanescence in front of the periphery of the body on the 

first half turn, but fairly strong and persistent directly 

behind the labrum. A single varix, which is nothing 

more than a greatly exaggerated resting stage, developed 

upon the body of the type at about the end of the firct 

quarter turn. Entire surface of conch closely and not 

very regularly lirate spirally; the spiral that outlines tl °, 

ill-defined periphery nodulated at the intersection with 

the axials; a spiral a little behind it which is almost as 

strong as the peripheral spiral and only a little less 

strongly noded, probably no stronger than the other 

shoulder spirals upon the earlier whorls. Aperture 

somewhat obliquely lenticular, almost two-thirds tl ^ 

entire length of the shell, acutely angulated posteriorly. 

Outer lip thickened marginally, nearly parallel to the 

axis posteriorly and medially, bent toward it anteriorly; 

reinforced within by well-developed parallel rugae,

is Woodring, W. P., Miocene Mollusks from Bowden, Jamaica, pt. 2, Carnegie 

Tnst. Washington Pub. 385, pp. 308-309, 1928.

is Wrigley, Arthur, English Eocene and Oligocene Cassididae, with notes on the 

nomenclature and morphology of the family: Malacol. Soc. London Proc., vol. 21, 

pp. 114-116, 1934.
28 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY, 1938-39

normal to the margin but not quite reaching it, more or 

less irregular in size and spacing. Margin of outer lip 

much thickened and revealing the component lamellae, 

merging posteriorly with the heavy parietal callus. 

Inner wall of aperture rugose from the commissure to 

the canal, the rugae nearly perpendicular to the axis 

and reaching far within the aperture but abruptly disappearing at the mouth at a perceptible distance from 

the sharp edge of the parietal callus. Anterior extremity notched, the margins of the incipient canal 

thickened and proximate.

Dimensions of holotype: Height, 22.7 millimeters; 

greatest diameter, 14.0 millimeters; length of aperture, 

16.5 millimeters.

Holotype: U. S. Nat. Mus. 497067.

Type locality: U. S. G. S. station 13509, southeast of 

Rancho la Copa, Zacate, Nuevo Le6n, Mexico. Upper 

part of the Jackson.

Sconsia zacatensis is known only from the environs of 

the type locality. Sconsia lintea Conrad, from the 

Vicksburg, develops little or no axial sculpture, and the 

spiral sculpture is finer than that of the species from the 

Jackson of Mexico. However, the two species have 

much in common, and a lineal relationship may be 

indicated. The relatively heavy parietal wash and the 

crude axial sculpture of Sconsia zacatensis are probably 

primitive characters.

This is the first record of true Sconsia in the Eocene 

of the eastern American faunas.

Distribution: Upper part of the Jackson. U. S. G. S. 

stations 13509 and 13511, southeast of Rancho la Copa, 

Hacienda Zacate, Nuevo Le6n, Mexico.

Family FICIDAE

The Cenozoic "fig shells" have in common a paucispiral protoconch with a flattened apex, a finely reticulate sculpture of incrementals and spiral threadlets, and 

a bridging of the posterior commissure with the enamel 

lining of the aperture. The Eocene representatives of 

the Ficidae were much smaller than the Recent shells, 

less smoothly rounded, more simply netted, and usually 

with more whorls both in the conch and in the protoconch.

Genus PRISCOFICUS Conrad

1866. Priscoficus Conrad, Am. Jour. Conchology, vol. 2, p. 100 

(footnote).

Type by subsequent designation: l7 Ficus intermedia 

Melleville. Paleocene of the Anglo-Parisian basin. 

Conrad's description was in the old manner:

There are some other Eocene forms in Europe allied to these 

[Ficopsis] which I think may constitute a genus, Priscoficus. 

Examples: P. intermedia Mel[le]ville; P. smithii Sowerby.—Conrad, 1866.

Both in the Eocene of the mid-Americas and in that 

of the Paris Basin, a group of obtusely bicarinate or

» Stewart, R. B., Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia Proc., vol. 78, p. 388,1927.

tricarinate pyriform shells have in common a low or 

moderately elevated, acutely tapering spire; a thin, 

expanded outer lip; and the body smoothly constricted 

into a moderately long and straight or slightly flexed 

anterior canal. The axial sculpture is expressed in the 

carinal nodes and in the sharp and regular incrementals, 

and a fine spiral threading is developed over fr a. greater 

part of the shell in many of the species. T' ey have 

appeared under many names, as Ficus Boltei, Pirula 

or Pyrula Lamarck, and Ficula Swainson in the works 

of the earlier systematists, and as Fusoficula and Fulguroficus in Harris, 1899; Fulguroficus in Sacco, 1891; 

and Urosyca Gabb in Sacco, 1904. Stewart, in 1927, 

placed them under Ficopsis Conrad, 1866, the genotype 

of which, Fusus remondii Gabb, from the Eocene of 

California, is a species with the delicately reticulate 

sculpture of Ficus and without the noded carinae of 

intermedia Melleville.

In the lower Eocene of the Gulf and of the Paris 

Basin the species referred to Priscoficus fall naturally 

into two groups. Priscoficus s. s. includes the genotype, 

Pyrula intermedia Melleville, from the Thanetian of 

the Anglo-Parisian Basin; Murex smithii Sowerby, from 

the London clay; three closely related species described 

by Wrigley, also from the London clay; Fulgur triserialis 

Whitfield, from the Tuscahoma (lower part of the Wilcox) of Alabama; and Fulgur argutus Clark, from the 

lower Eocene of Maryland. These are the forms characterized by Wrigley 18 as "the nodosely marinated species 

of early Eocene times." The shells of Priscoficus s. s. 

are larger, the spire is lower, the shoulder broader, and 

the general aspect more Galeodea-like than ttat of the 

subgenus Fulguroficus Sacco, restricted, under which the 

second group has been segregated. The shells of 

Fulguroficus develop a fine reticulated sculpture resembling that of the Recent Ficus. As Wrigley suggested, the hollow knobs and spinose processes of 

Priscoficus s. s. were probably devised to strengthen a 

thin and fragile shell, but in the group of Fulguroficus 

the same result is obtained by the netted spirals and 

incrementals. The two sculpture patterns seem to be 

mutually exclusive, and they are not both typically 

developed in any single recorded species. Tie general 

aspect and distribution of Priscoficus suggest a dying 

race, although the Cretaceous ancestry cannot be 

definitely traced.

The Eocene species are few in number but widely 

distributed (see fig. 4), and both in Priscoficus s. s. and 

in Fulguroficus transoceanic resemblances are as close 

as any offered in the recorded gastropods. Tl ?, species 

described by Whitfield in 1865 as Fulgur triserialis 

was listed by Aldrich, 1885, as Pyrula smitkii (pi. 7, 

fig. 20), and the resemblance of Pyrula juvenis Whitfield 

to P. tricostata Deshayes is so marked that a trained observer such as Wrigley 19 stated that the differences

is Wrigley, Arthur, Malacol. Soc. London Proc., vol. 18, pt. 5, p. 250 1929. 

'»Idem, p. 347.
FOSSILS FROM THE EOCENE OF THE GULF PROVINCE

"are not sufficiently important to justify specific separation, but in a trinomial nomenclature juvenis could be 

retained as a second or 'form' name." Both of the 

Gulf species are characteristic of the lower Eocene 

Tuscahoma sand of the Wilcox group; Priscoficus 

smithii is from the probably synchronous London 

clay and P. (Fulguroficus) tricostata from the possibly

1885. Pyrula smithii (Sowerby). Aldrich, Cincinnati Soc. Nat. 

History Jour., vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 154-155, pi. 3, figs. 

23, b.

1886. Fulgur triserialis Whitfield. Aldrich, Alabama Geol.

Survey Bull. 1, pp. 24, 56, pi. 1, fig. 23b. 

1899. Fulguroficus triserialis (Whitfield). Harris, Bull. Am.

Paleontology, vol. 3, Bull. 11, p. 67, pi. 8, fig. 17.

(Synonymy in part excluded.)

FIGURE 4.—Map showing distribution of Priscoficus (Priscoficus).

later Cuisian.20 The relationships of the west coast 

species are less obvious.

The greater part of the material is in the form of 

molds, and the sculpture detail has not been preserved.

The noded and carinated fig shells are characteristic 

of the early Tertiary, and there is no record of the group 

in post-Tertiary faunas.

Priscoficus triserialis (Whitfield)

Plate 7, figure 19

1865. Fulgur triserialis Whitfield, Am. Jour. Conchology, vol. 1, 

_____p. 260.

20 Wrigley, Arthur, and Davis, Arthur O., Occurrence of Nummulites planulatua 

in England: Geol. Assoc. London Proc. ,vol. 48, pt. 2, pp. 203-208,1931.

1890. "Fulgur 1 ' triserialis Whitfield. Ball, Wagner Free last..

Sci. Trans., vol. 3, pt. 1, p. 109.

1927. Priscoficus triserialis (Whitfield). Stewart, Acad. Nat. Sci. 

Philadelphia Proc., vol. 78, p. 380.

Shell thin, clavate or pyriform; spire short, consisting of four 

(or more) volutions, flattened above, and produced below into 

a long, slender canal; marked on the periphery or largest part 

of the volution by three rows of lanceolate nodes or subspines, 

the upper one being the most prominent; aperture large, elongate 

elliptical; canal straight; columella slender and smooth; entire 

surface marked by sharp revolving lines.

Locality: Nine miles below Prairie Bluff, Ala.—Whitfield, 1865.

The holotype has been loaned to me through the 

kindness of the Walker Museum.
30 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY, 1938-39

Dimensions of holotype: Height, 20 millimeters; 

diameter, 12.5 millimeters.

Type material: Holotype, No. 24515, Walker Museum, University of Chicago.

The holotype is an exceptionally well-preserved 

specimen except that the outer lip and the extreme tip 

of the anterior canal have been broken away. There 

are three whorls in the conch and between two and three 

in the small, smooth naticoid protoconch. The first 

postnuclear turn is broadly convex at its beginning, the 

shoulder flattening being evident by the end of the 

turn. On the second postnuclear whorl little more 

than the broad shoulder is visible. The axials on the 

first whorl of the conch are narrow, slightly arcuate and 

protractive ribs persistent from suture to suture, but 

with the development of the shoulder they are gradually 

altered to a series of strong and regular peripheral nodes, 

decreasing from the 14 to 15 upon the first turn to 9 

on the body. A second less prominent series girdles 

the body; and a third series is incompletely developed 

at the base. The nodes of the three series are in alinement and connected by low, broad, ill-defined ribs. 

The entire shell is spirally lirate. The lirae are narrow, 

sharp, fairly regular in size and spacing, with occasional 

fortuitous secondaries upon the shoulder and on the 

sides of the body. The constriction in front of the 

anterior series of nodes is smooth but strong, and the 

liration on the canal thus differentiated is more regular 

but more distant than upon the side of the body. The 

suture is slightly impressed and follows a little in front 

of the peripheral nodes, which undulate it. The characters of the aperture are lost hi part by the breaking 

of the outer lip, and it is possible that the shell may 

not be fully mature, for the wash upon the inner lip is 

so thin that the sculpture is scarcely obscured. The 

anterior extremity of the canal is very slender with 

parallel proximate margins.

Harris united Fulguroficus arguta Clark, 1895, with 

Friscoficus triserialis. The resemblance is close, but 

if my material is adequate, they are not conspecific.

Priscoficus triserialis has not been recognized in the 

western Gulf region. Harris, 1899, states that the 

species is "not uncommon at Gregg's Landing, where 

doubtless Whitfield's specimens were obtained." In 

the known distribution it is restricted to the Tuscahoma 

sand.

Subgenus FULGUROFICUS Sacco, emended

1890. Fulguroficus Sacco, R. Univ. Torino, Mus. zool. anat 

comp., Boll., vol. 5, no. 86, p. 27.

1891. Fulguroficus Sacco, Molluschi terreni terziarii di Piemonte

e Liguria, pt. 8, p. 41. 

1904. Urosyca Sacco (part) idem, pt. 30, p. 102. Not Urosyca

Gabb, California Geol. Survey, Paleontology, vol. 2,

p. 159, 1869. Genotype: Urosyca caudata Gabb

(Martinez of California).

1929. Fulguroficus Wrigley, Malacol. Soc. London Proc., vol. 18, 

pt. 5, p. 249.

Type by subsequent designation (Sacco, 1891): 

Pyrula burdigalensis Sowerby. Burdigalian (Miocene) 

of southern France and northern Italy.

Sacco's conception of his genus was wider than the 

concept of "Fulguroficus" of Wrigley. In fret, Sacco 

included under it the low-spired species of relatively 

large size here referred to Priscoficus s. s. and later 

accepted Cossmann's dictum 21 that Fulguroficus is 

synonymous with Urosyca Gabb, 1869. Urosyca caudata Gabb, the genotype, from the Martinez of California, is, however, a form with a very low spire and a 

less sloping shoulder than the species typified by 

Pyrula burdigalensis. For the small burdigalensis 

group, which exhibits an extraordinary similarity of 

shell characters in its widely separated occurrences, the 

name Fulguroficus is here re tamed. The implied 

genetic relationship is not unreasonable, for the group 

may well have arisen from a common Meso/oic stock. 

The maximum development was attained during the 

Eocene. The group is thus summarized by Wrigley,22 

who had at his command the wealth of the collections 

of the British Museum:

High-spired forms with a very finely reticulated sculpture and 

a tendency to develop one or more carinae and to assume nodular 

forms. These appear throughout Eocene times and may have 

finally disappeared with the Miocene F. burdigalensis.

Among them are included the strikingly similar 

Pyrula juvenis Whitfield, from the lower Eocene of the 

Gulf, and "P. tricostata Deshayes" (pi. 7, figs. 13, 16) 

from the Cuisian of the Paris Basin. The likeness is 

evident in the illustrations, notably those of Cossmann 

and Pissarro.23 The Cossmann and Pissarro figures 

are so unlike the originals of Deshayes that it seems 

possible that? more than one species is involved. For 

that reason tricostata Deshayes has been placed within 

quotation marks. The genotype is girdled with more 

than three noded spirals and, as Wrigley suggested, may 

be an offshoot from some of the early noncarinate forms, 

such as Ficopsis remondii (Gabb). In ca^e this is 

demonstrated, a new name must be found for the 

juvenis group.

Fulguroficus, represented in the Wilcox by F. juvenis 

Whitfield, in the London clay by F. multijormis Wrigley, 

and in the Cuisian by F. tricostata Deshayes- probably 

developed a little later than Priscoficus and may have 

made its last appearance with the subgenotype, Fulguroficus burdigalensis Sowerby, from the lower Miocene 

of southern France and northern Italy. The geographic distribution of Fulgurojicus is shown in figure 5.

21 Cossmann, Maurice, Essais de palfioconchologie comparee, pt. f, p. 124, 1904.

22 Wrigley, Arthur, op. cit., 250.

23 Cossmann, Maurice, and Pissarro, Q., Jconographie, vol. 2, pi. 33, figs. 164-165, 

1911.
FOSSILS FKOM THE EOCENE OF THE GULF PEOVINCE 31

Priscoficus (Fulguroficus) juvenis (Whitfield)

Plate 7, figure 17

1865. Pyrula juvenis WhitfieH, Am. Jour. Conchology, vol. 1, 

p. 259.

1881. Pyrula multangulata Heilprin, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia Proc. for 1880, p. 374, pi. 30, fig. 2.

1886. Pyrula juvenis Whitfield. Aldrich, Alabama Geol. Survey Bull. 1, p. 25, p). 6, fig. 8.

nae or subangular revolving ridges, the upper one marked wi*h 

closely arranged, longitudinally elongate nodes, the others 

simple; entire surface marked by very fine revolving lines, which 

are somewhat fasciculate below the ]ower carina, there being 

•three finer ones between each large one.

Dimensions: Length 0.6 inch, transverse diameter a little 

less than 0.3 inch.

Locality: Six miles above Ciaiborne, Ala., west side of river.— 

Whitfield] 1805.

• Eocene localities + Miocene localities

FIGURE 5.—Map showing distribution of Pristoficus (Fulguroficus].

1890. Ficula juvenis Whitfield. De Gregorio, Monographic du 

faune e'ocenique de 1'Alabama, p. 101, pi. 7, fig. 54.

1896. Pyrula juvenis Whitfield [part]. Harris, Bull. Am. Paleontology, vol. 1, no. 4, p. 102, pi. 10, fig. 6 (fig. 5 excl.).

1899. Fusoficula juvenis Whitfield [part?]. Harris, Bull. Am. 

Paleontology, vol. 3, no. 11, p. 66, pi. 8, figs. 15, 16(7).

1927. Ficopsis juvenis (Whitfield). Stewart, Acad. Nat. Sci. 

Philadelphia Proc., vol. 78, p. 375.

1935. Ficus juvenis (Whitfield) ? [part]. Gardner, Texas Univ.

Bull. 3301, p. 263. 

Shell small and fragile; spire elevated; columella slender,

slightly bent; aperture large, elongate, ovate or subelliptical;

volutions three, marked on the periphery by three distinct cariThrougli the courtesy of the Walker Museum of th^ 

University of Chicago, I have obtained the loan of the 

Whitfield types in the so-called Hall collection. Tl ? 

type of Priscoficus juvenis is a rather worn shell of 

two and one-half to three nuclear and two postnuclear 

whorls. The initial nuclear turn is very small and is 

for the most part immersed in the succeeding volution. 

The later nuclear turns are also small, polished aid 

obtusely shouldered; on the last quarter turn of tl a, 

nucleus five or possibly six faint and very fine spiral 

threadlets are initiated, the anterior slightly less faint
32 SHOKTEK CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY, 1938-39

than those behind them and than those upon the 

shoulder, which are the last to appear. These are 

minutely cancellated by the growth lines. The end of 

the protoconch is indicated by an obtuse axial rib. The 

whorls of the conch are obliquely tabulated, and the 

obtuse periphery is emphasized by the relatively strong 

spiral threads, the axial nodes, and the slight depression of the whorl in front of the periphery. A second 

carina, differing from the peripheral one in the absence 

of axial noding, girdles the body and is visible in some 

individuals directly behind the suture, which follows 

closely upon it. One and in some individuals two additional carinae are developed upon the anterior portion 

of the body. These are less prominent than those 

behind them. The interval between the carinae' is 

slightly concave. The entire conchal surface is finely 

cancellated by the spirals and the growth lines. The 

aperture is somewhat obliquely lobate, the posterior 

angle acute; the outer lip is thin, sharp, and crenated 

by the carinae; the columella is bent slightly to the right 

near the anterior extremity. The inner wall of the 

aperture is almost free from glaze, and the anterior 

extremity is moderately wide and open and there is no 

terminal notch.

Dimensions of cotype: Height, 15.3 millimeters; 

diameter, 8.0 millimeters.

Cotype: Walker Museum, University of Chicago, 

no. 24503.

The locality given by Whitfield is probably incorrect. 

He did not himself make the collection, but in his 

preface to the systematic descriptions he states that: 

"The following species of fossils were received, among 

others, from Mr. T. J. Hale, formerly of Madison, 

Wis., who collected them, several years since, at the 

localities mentioned under the descriptions." The 

species is widespread, though not abundant, in the 

lower Eocene of the Gulf province. The forms in my 

collections resembling most closely the Whitfield cotype 

are those from the Greggs Landing marl member of 

the Tuscahoma sand.

A close analogy has been drawn by Wrigley 24 

between Pyrula juvenis Whitfield, from the Tuscahoma 

and Pyrula tricostata Deshayes, from the Cuisian.

The Mexican material is too poorly preserved to determine specifically, but certainly there are no characters retained by which these molds and impressions 

can be separated from Priscoficus juvenis of the eastern 

Gulf.

Distribution in Mexico: Upper part of Midway, 

U. S. G. S. station 13462, Rio San Juan; U. S. G. S. 

station 13758, on Rancho Durazno-Encadenado road 

near Rancho Durazno, Nuevo Leon, Mexico.

Wilcox group, U. S. G. S. station 13675, southwest 

of northeast corner of lot 13; U. S. G. S. station 13698, 

Casa Salinas, Las Burras section, Nuevo Leon, Mexico.

M Wrigley, Arthur, op. cit., p. 247.

Priscoficus (Fulguroficus) tritiara Gardner, n. sp.

Plate 7, figure 6

Shell moderately large for the group and relatively 

high-spired. Protoconch not preserved in its entirety, 

probably naticoid. All of the conch and possibly the 

later protoconch included in the five whorls st;ll remaining. Whorls of spire rapidly enlarging, the earliest 

whorls broadly rounded but the shoulder already developed upon the third whorl from the aperture. 

Later whorls of spire strongly tabulated, the horizontal 

area behind the periphery of about the same width as 

the vertical area in front of it. Body tricarfnate, the 

posterior keel outlining the shoulder, the medial keel in 

line with the posterior angle of the aperture and the 

suture, and the anterior keel about midway between 

the medial keel and the opening of the anterior canal. 

Entire shell very finely and closely lirate spirally. 

Axial sculpture indicated in the noded periphery and 

the obscure nodulation of the medial and anterior 

spirals. Characters of the aperture imperfectly preserved. Outer lip expanded, contour indented by the 

three strong body spirals. Base of the body not 

strongly constricted but gradually narrowing, apparently, into a moderately wide anterior canal. 

Threading upon the canal similar to that upon the 

rest of the conch.

Dimensions of holotype: Height, 25.0 millimeters; 

diameter, 12.0 millimeters.

Holotype: U. S. Nat. Mus. 495180.

Type locality: U. S. G. S. station 13488, Rio San 

Juan, near the Rancho Viejo, below China, Nuevo 

Le6n, Mexico. Upper part of the Midway.

Priscoficus tritiara differs from Priscoficus juvenis 

Whitfield, its close analog of the eastern Gulf region, 

in the rather larger, coarser shell, the whorls of the 

conch apparently more numerous by one, and the more 

strongly noded medial and anterior spirals.

The type is unique

Distribution: Type locality only.

Priscoficus (Fulguroficus) sp. undet.

Small examples of one or possibly more species of 

Priscoficus doubtless closely related to Priscoficus 

juvenis Whitfield and P. tritiara Gardner, but possibly 

not specifically identical with either, have been recovered from several lower Eocene localities in northeastern Mexico. Most of the individuals s,re immature, and none of them are well preserved, but they 

at least indicate the fairly wide and commoE distribution of the subgenus within the area designated.

Distribution: Upper part of the Midway, U. S. G. S. 

station 13550, Rio San Juan, Nuevo Leon, Mexico.

Wilcox group, U. S. G. S. station 13661, west of Los 

Aldamas; U. S. G. S. station 13669, road ncrth of La 

Laja; U. S. G. S. station 13695, west of kilometer 124
FOSSILS FROM THE EOCENE OF THE GULF PROVINCE

on pipe-line brecha, Los Aldamas; U. S. G. S. station 

13697, El Coyote concession, Las Burras section, 

Nuevo Le6n, Mexico.

Genus PERISSOLAX Gabb

1861. Perissolax Gabb, Am. Philos. Soc. Proc., vol. 8, p. 122.

1918. Pseudoperissolax Clark, California Univ. Pub. Geology, 

vol. 11, p. 180.

1927. Pseudoperissolax Clark. Stewart, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia Proc., vol. 78, pp. 429, 430.

1930. Perissolax Gabb. Stewart, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 

Special Pub. 3, p. 41. Type by subsequent designation 

(Stewart, 1930, p. 41): Perissolax trivolvus Gabb. Vincentown sand (lower Eocene) of New Jersey.

(Ranularia}, but there are no examples in my material 

to indicate the diagnostic twist of the Ranularia canal. 

The protoconchal characters and the early conchal 

whorls of the Gulf eocensis are similar to those of 

Galeodea, the outer lip shows the characteristic thickening and inner dentition, and the parietal wall shows 

the characteristically heavy wash. The general contour of the body and the spire is similar in Galeodea 

(Mambrinia) and in the species eocensis, but the spire 

is lower and the axial sculpture much more decided in 

Mambrinia. The incremental grating and the very fine 

spiral threading of eocensis recall the Ficidae, and it is

FIGURE 6.—Map showing distribution of Perissolax.

The types of both Perissolax and Pseudoperissolax 

were described from ill-preserved material of debatable 

age. Busycon? blakei Conrad, the type of Pseudoperissolax by original designation, was first proved to 

be of Eocene rather than Cretaceous age, and the similarity of this species to the type of Perissolax was one 

of the arguments for the Eocene age of the Vincentown 

fauna and for the abandonment by Stewart of Pseudoperissolax. I have no good examples of these genotypes, 

but there are excellent specimens of Fulgur eocense 

Aldrich,25 which Stewart considered congeneric. Fulgur 

eocense, the type of which is deposited in the Johns 

Hopkins University, has been recovered from faunas 

both from the Midway and from the lower part of the 

Wilcox. Harris 26 referred Aldrich's species to Triton

" Aldrich, T. H., Bull. Am. Paleontology, vol. 1, no. 2, p. 10, pi. 3, figs. 7, 7a, 1895. 

» Harris, G. D., Bull. Am. Paleontology, vol. 1, no. 4, p. 101, pi. 10, fig. 3, 1896.

probable that the two families were convergent in th?, 

early Eocene.

Perissolax, as defined, includes only the genotype, a 

few species from the west coast, eocensis (Aldrich) from 

the Gulf, a new species, Perissolax diga, from Mexico 

and, to quote Dickerson and later Stewart, "Fusus sp." 

from the Miike coal field, Japan. The west coast 

species are all Eocene forms, and the Gulf and Mexican 

species are of Midway and early Wilcox age. Th^ 

geographic distribution is shown in figure 6.

Marshall 27 described in 1917 a species from th°< 

Wangaloa beds which he called Perissolax obtusa. One 

of his figures (fig. 22) resembles Priscojicus (Fulgur cficus) but may be properly referable to Perissolax. His

27 Marshall, P., The Wangaloa beds: New Zealand Insfc. Trans, and Proc., vol. 4i 

pp. 454, 460, pi. 35, figs. 22 , 23, 1917.
34 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY, 1938-39

figure 23, however, exhibits the general aspect of 

Cornulina.

Perissolax diga Gardner, n. sp.

Plate 7, figures 7, 8

Shell rather small, low-spired, and highly inflated. 

Early whorls lost, the protoconch probably naticoid. 

The entire conch and possibly some of the protoconch 

represented in the four and a fraction whorls still preserved. Early whorls of conch broadly rounded, 

rapidly enlarging, the tabulated shoulder and peripheral 

keel first becoming noticeable near the beginning of the 

penultimate whorl and typically developed by the beginning of the body. Body tricarinate, the posterior 

keel outlining the shoulder, the medial keel girdling the 

body in line with the posterior angle of the aperture, 

and the anterior keel about midway between the second 

carina and the opening of the anterior canal. Early 

whorls closely and regularly threaded, with no trace of 

an axial sculpture other than the incrementals. Both 

coarser and finer spirals ornamenting the body, the 

coarser outlining the carinae, the finest almost as fine 

as the incrementals, which they minutely cancellate. 

Axial sculpture indicated in the crenulation of the 

peripheral keel. Aperture more than half as long as 

the entire shell exclusive of the-anterior canal, obliquely 

lobate. Outer lip varicose. Inner wall of aperture 

heavily glazed. Anterior canal broken away.

Dimensions of holotype: Height, exclusive of anterior 

canal, 14.0 millimeters; diameter, 11.0 millimeters.

Holotype: U. S. Nat. Mus. 495179.

Type locality: U. S. G. S. station 13462, Rio San Juan, 

near the Rancho Vie jo, Nuevo Le6n, Mexico.

Perissolax diga differs from P. eocensis (Aldrich), 

from the lower Eocene of the Gulf, in the possibly larger 

size, the earlier development of the peripheral keel, 

and the finer threading upon the spire in P. eocensis. 

The type is unique.

Distribution: Type locality only.

• Genus FICUS "Bolten" Roeding

1793. Ficus "Bolten" Roeding, Mus. Boltenianum, pt. 2, p. 148.

1799. Pyrula Lamarck, Prodrome d'une nouvelle classification 

des coquilles: Soc. hist. nat. Paris Mem., p. 73. Type 

by monotypy: Bulla ficus Linnaeus.

1810. Pirula Montfort, Conchyliologie systematique, vol. 2, p. 

486. Type by monotypy: Murex ficus Linnaeus. Recent in the East Indies.

Type by monotypy: Ficus communis "Bolten" 

Roeding= Ficus variegata "Bolten" Roeding= Bulla 

ficus Gmelin= Murex ficus Linnaeus. The only other 

species cited by Roeding is Ficus picta, a nomen nudum.

Shell rather large; thin, almost papyraceous; inflated; 

fig-shaped; imperforate. Spire low, rounded rather 

than angulated. Protoconch smooth, obtuse, fewwhorled. Sculpture of conch spiral or delicately reticulate. Aperture wide, pyriform, terminating anteriorly in a long, open canal; outer lip thin, simple,

arcuate; columellar lip slightly sinuous, destitute of 

plications.

Ficus was initiated after the Cretaceous and culminated in the Tertiary. The representatior in Recent 

waters is rather meager and confined to tropical and 

subtropical regions, notably the Antilles, the Indian 

Ocean, and the Philippine Islands.

Ficus amichel Gardner, n. sp.

Plate 7, figures 21, 23

Pyrula penita of authors (part). Not Pyrula penita Conrad, 

Fossil shells of the Tertiary formations of North 

America, p. 32, 1833.

Shell rather small for the group. Fig-shaped. 

Known only from three whorls of the conch, but the 

missing apex probably including not more than a 

fraction of a conchal whorl and the protoconch; remaining whorls of the spire broadly curved, rapidly enlarging; body obtusely shouldered, constricting smoothly 

into the broad and probably long anterior canal, of 

which the extremity is unfortunately lost. Sculpture a 

delicate netting of relatively strong primary spirals and 

intercalated secondaries, overridden by a very fine and 

regular axial lineation; two or three primr.ry spirals 

upon each of the whorls of the spire, probabK about 20 

upon the body, those upon the inflated portion of the 

body the most prominent and the most widely spaced. 

Suture line obscure, fringed by the fine axials, which 

creep back a little upon the preceding whorl end adhere 

closely to it. Body as viewed from the front, slender, 

the aperture relatively wide; outer lip broken. Inner 

wall of aperture free from glaze. Anterior canal rather 

slender for the genus.

Dimensions of holotype: Height, 25.0± millimeters; 

diameter, 15.0± millimeters.

Holotype: U. S. Nat. Mus. 496032.

Type locality, U. S. G. S. station 13567, Dcctor Coss, 

Zacate, Nuevo Le6n, Mexico. Cook Mountain.

This species seems to be eligible to admission within 

the narrow limits of true Ficus. The sculpture has the 

delicacy and sharpness of that of the Recent papyratia 

(pi. 7, figs. 18, 24), and the diagnostic difference is one 

not shared by any of the described older members of the 

Ficidae. The prominence of the primaries upon the 

expanded medial portion of the shell is not due to the 

sharpness or breadth of the lirae, which are both narrow 

and ill-defined, but to the fact that they follow the crests 

of narrow ridges. The interprimary areas are much 

wider than the primaries, broadly concave, and beautifully netted by the secondary spirals and the incrementals. The species, like most of the rest of the group, 

is not abundantly represented, but it has beer observed 

at several localities in the Cook Mountain of Webb 

County, Tex., notably in the green sandstones near 

La Perla ranch house; also in the probably synchro ous 

gray sandstones of Tamaulipas and Nuevo L^n, Mexico,
FOSSILS FROM THE EOCENE OF THE GULF PROVINCE

Indeterminate juveniles, probably representing a 

closely allied species, were collected in the Mount Selman 

formation at U. S. G. S. station 13632, 2,100 meters 

east of Rancho Presa Nueva, Santa Ana, Nuevo Le6n, 

Mexico.

Distribution in Mexico: Cook Mountain formation, 

U. S. G. S. station 13567, Doctor Coss, Zacate, Nuevo 

Le6n, Mexico; U. S. G. S. station 13570, General 

Bravo, Carlos Cantti, Nuevo Le6n, Mexico; U. S. G. S. 

station 13553, west of Rancho Paroda, Carlos Cantti, 

Nuevo Leon, Mexico; U. S. G. S. station 13547, on old 

road southeast from triangulation point Banquette 

300 meters south of Monterrey-Reynosa Highway, 

Nuevo Leon, Mexico; (?) U. S. G. S. station 13556, on 

road from Rancho Minitas to General Bravo, northwest of Rancho Minitas, Neuvo Le6n, Mexico; and 

U. S. G. S. station 13593, General Bravo, Carlos 

Cantti, Nuevo Le6n, Mexico.

Claiborne, (?) U. S. G. S. station 13545, east of 

Rancho Venadito, Carlos Cantti, Nuevo Le6n, Mexico.

Ficus sp.

Ficus filia (Meyer), described from the Jackson of 

Mississippi, has not been recognized in the western 

Gulf, but the genus is represented by two species, 

locally abundant, that are apparently intermediate between filia and mississippiensis Conrad from the Vicksburg of Mississippi. The characters of the protoconch, 

which are of unusual importance in the taxonomy of 

the group, have not been preserved in either one of 

these species, and for that reason, as well as their generally poor state of preservation, they have not been 

named. The conch of the lower Jackson species, which 

is abundant at U. S. G. S. station 13503, 20.8 kilometers southeast of Ciudad Camargo, Tamaulipas, 

Mexico, seems relatively short and inflated, but it is 

known only from molds. The sculpture of both of the 

Jackson species from the western Gulf differs from that 

of mississippiensis in the less prominent primary spirals 

and from both filia and mississippiensis in the more 

pronounced cancellation of the interprimary areas. 

The interprimary areas of the body of filia, are grated 

with 10 or a dozen exceedingly fine subequal spiral 

threadlets, those of mississippiensis by 1 to 3, the 

medial secondary, if there are 3, being stronger than 

those on either side. In the western lower Jackson 

species the number may run up to 7, with the medial 

spiral the strongest, whereas in the higher Jackson the 

number may be decreased and a tertiary system of 

spirals is frequently observed. The second species has 

been recognized only in the higher Jackson of the 

western Gulf at U. S. G. S. station 14009, west of 

Rancho la Coma, Zacate, Nuevo Le6n, Mexico; at 

U. S. G. S. station 13598, Presa del Mescal, Zacate, 

Nuevo Le6n, Mexico; U. S. G. S. station 13513, west 

of Rio Panorama, Zacate, Nuevo Le6n, Mexico; and

at U. S. G. S. station 13509, southeast of Rancho la 

Copa, Zacate, Nuevo Le6n, Mexico. The same species 

is present in the Jackson fauna of Montgomery, La.

Ficus mississippiensis Conrad

Plate 7, figure 22

1848. Ficus mississippiensis Conrad, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia Jour., 2d ser., vol. 1, p. 117.

1907. Pyrula mississippiensis Conrad. Burnett Smith, Acad. 

Nat. Sci. Philadelphia Proc., pp. 210, 214, 215, 216, 

pi. 17, fig. 5 (initial whorls only). 

Pyriform, thin and fragile, latticed, with acute prominent

lines, the revolving ones largest and distant, the interstices with

minute revolving lines; longitudinal lines closely arranged, equal:

spire very short, whorls convex, the two nearest the apex en ire;

large volution flattened at top. Length 1/4 [inches].—Conrad.

1848.

The species, except for the early whorls, has not 

been figured. The specific characters are, in the main, 

those of the genus. Burnett Smith in his "Contribution to the morphology of Pyrula" emphasized the 

monophyletic aspect of the group and the extraordinary similarity of the grosser morphologic features of 

the constituent species. These features, which arc 

shared by Ficus mississippiensis, include the thin shell, 

the low, evenly and broadly rounded whorls of the 

spire, and the intricate caiicellate sculpture. The protoconch is distinct, however, and exhibits three smooth, 

rapidly enlarging whorls. The spirals are initiated a, 

fraction of a whorl before the axials, but the cancellate 

sculpture is well established by the end of the first 

quarter turn of the conch. In the genus Ficus the 

earlier species, the Jackson F. filia and the Oligocene 

F. mississippiensis, include the greatest number of 

whorls in the protoconch. With the decrease in the 

number of whorls as the group advances through the 

later Tertiary and into the Recent there is an increase 

hi the size of the initial whorl. In F. papyratia, of the 

Recent Floridian fauna, which is similar to F. mississippiensis in the general character of the conch, there 

is a single nuclear volution, but it is relatively large 

and tumid.

Distribution in Mexico: Oligocene, U. S. G. S. statior 

13539, south of Rancho Miralejas, Carlos Cantu, 

Nuevo Ledn, Mexico; U. S. G. S. station 13511, southeast of Rancho la Copa, Hacienda Zacate, Nuevo Ledn, 

Mexico; U. S. G. S. station 14056, southeast of triangulation point Cuevito No. 2, Zacate, Nuevo Le6n, 

Mexico; U. S. G. S. station 13505, 21 kilometers southeast of Ciudad Camargo, Tamaulipas, Mexico; U. S. 

G. S. station 13518, road from El Amole to Espiranza, 

Nuevo Le6n, Mexico; U. S. G. S. station 14034, 2 kilometers west of Mendez, Tamaulipas, Mexico; U. S. G. S. 

station 14145, well at Rancho los Ebanitos, Carlos 

Cantu, Nuevo Le6n, Mexico; and U. S. G. S. statior 

14147, northeast of Rancho Palo Blanco, Carlos Cantu, 

Nuevo Le6n, Mexico.
36 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY, 1938-39

Family BUCCINIDAE? 

Genus BOLTS Gardner, n. gen.

Neptunea and Chrysodomus of authors. Not Neptunea Bolten,

1798= Chrysodomus Swainson, 1840. 

1937. Sycostoma Palmer. Not Sycostoma Cox, lQ3l = Sycum

Bayle, 1880.

Shell buccinoid. Spire elongated. Whorls rounded 

and shouldered by the deep incision of the sutures. 

Nucleus very small, paucispiral, and unsculptured. 

Sculpture of conch restricted to fine revolving lines and 

indistinct incrementals. Aperture rather narrow, 

obliquely lenticular, and, in the adult, almost as long 

as the spire, channeled posteriorly. Outer lip simple 

or lirate within. Columella straight, in the adults, 

feebly flexed in the young; reinforced by a heavy 

reverted callus, which completely conceals the umbilical 

opening. Anterior canal short, broad, only very slightly 

recurved, and truncate.

Genotype: Bolis lisboa Gardner, a. sp. Lower 

Claiborne of Alabama.

Bolis is referred to the hospitable group of the Buccinidae with no conviction. The aperture is too 

narrow, the outer lip too little expanded, the anterior 

fascicle not sufficiently elevated and the terminal 

notch, in consequence, too shallow. The forward 

swing of the growth lines upon the shoulder suggests 

Sycostoma to which Mrs. Palmer referred the species. 

The sycostomid characters are more accentuated in the 

juveniles than they are in the adult individuals. In the 

adults, the aspect becomes more buccinoid; the spire is 

higher relatively in the adults, the Sutures channeled, 

the parietal wash heavy. There is, however, very little 

constriction of the inner lip at the base of the body. 

The pillar in Bolis displays nothing of the flattening 

which characterizes the pillar of Melongena. Sycostoma 

is placed by the systematists close to Fulgur. Certainly there is nothing in the aspect of the adult Bolis 

to suggest such a relationship.

The type species of Neptunea Bolten, as designated 

by Cossmann 28 in 1901, is Fusus antiguus Linnaeus, a 

Pliocene-Recent species of western Europe. Bolis 

differs from Neptunea in its shorter and less recurved 

anterior canal, its much more deeply incised sutures, 

which shoulder the whorls, and its lack of any strong 

spiral sculpture.

Only three species are assigned to this genus: B. 

lisboa Gardner, 5. enterogramma (Gabb), and B. mexicana Gardner, the three of them restricted to the Claiborne of the Gulf Eocene.

Bolis lisboa Gardner, n. sp.

Plate 8, figures 8, 9, 11, 12

1886. Neptunaea enterogramma Gabb. Aldrich, Alabama Geol. 

Survey Bull. 1, p. 47. Not Neptunea enterogramma 

____ Gabb, 1860.

28 Cossmann, Maurice, Essais de paleoconchologie comparfie, vol. 4, p. 99, pi. 4, 

fig. 15,1901.

1894. Neptunaea enterogramma Gabb. Aldrich, in Alabama Geol.

Survey Rept. for 1894, p. 233. 

1937. Sycostoma enterogramma (Gabb). Palmer, Bull. Am.

Paleontology, vol. 7, p. 323 (ex parte), pi. 46, fig. 2?.

Shell buccinoid in form, with a graduaLb" tapering 

spire. Aperture more than half as high as the entire 

shell. Whorls straight-sided in the adults ar d strongly 

shouldered by the deep channeling of the sutures. 

Body constricted at the base. Protoconcb not preserved but certainly of small size. Sculpture on the 

adult whorls consisting of a few ill defined revolving 

lines, crossed by indistinct incrementals, which 

strengthen slightly toward the mouth. Aperture 

obliquely lenticular, grooved at the posterior commissure. Outer lip nearly straight, unfortunately broken in 

the type specimens. Columella thickened by a heavy 

callus, which completely closes the umbilicus. Anterior 

canal short, truncated, and but very slightly recurved.

Dimensions of holotype: Height, 112.0 rrillimeters; 

greatest diameter, 62.0 millimeters.

Holotype: U. S. Nat. Mus. 494980.

Paratype: U. S. Nat. Mus. 494981.

Type locality: U. S. G. S. station 13433, bed 4 of 

C. W. Cooke's section at Lisbon Bluff, Monroe County, 

Ala.

Horizon: Lisbon formation, Claiborne group, Eocene.

Bolis lisboa differs from B. enterogramma (Gabb) in 

the much larger size, the more deeply incised sutures, 

the less rounded whorls, and in the more decided constriction of the adult body at the canal. Bolis mexicana 

is also smaller, and the more abruptly ascerding spire 

includes fewer whorls than that of the Alabama species.

Mrs. Palmer has figured an excellent example of 

Bolis from Smithville. The contour both of the body 

and the spire seems more closely to resemble lisboa than 

enterogramma. The occurrence of B. lisboa at Smithville would be of unusual interest since it would forge 

another link in the chain which binds the Smithville 

fauna to that of bed 4 at Lisbon Bluff. Other diagnostic species common to the two faunp.s include 

Ostrea lisbonensis Aldrich and a race of Venericardia 

planicosta which is closer to the type from the Paris 

Basin than any other recognized in the Gulf province. 

True Bolis enterogramma seems, however, to be present 

in the Weches fauna upon the Sabine River so that the 

occurrence of B. lisboa at Smithville would certainly 

not be anticipated.

Distribution: Lisbon formation (bed 4), U. S. G. S. 

stations 5511, 13433, and 90943, Lisbon Bluff, Monroe 

County, Ala.

Bolis enterogramma (Gabb)

Plate 8, figure 10

1860. Neptunea enterogramma Gabb, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 

Jour., 2d ser., vol. 4, p. 378, pi. 67, fig. 14.

1881. Neptunea enterogramma Gabb. Miller, Cincinnati Soc. 

Nat. History Jour., vol. 4, no. 1, p. 9. Not Neptunaea 

enterogramma Gabb 1886, Aldrich, Alabama Geol. 

Survey Bull. 1, p. 47.
FOSSILS FROM THE EOCENE OF THE GULF PROVINCE 37

1891. Clavellaf enterogramma Gabb. Heilprin, Acad. Nat. Sci. 

Philadelphia Proc. for 1890, p. 395. Not Neptunaea 

enterogramma Gabb 1894, Aldrich, in Alabama Geol. Survey Rept. for 1894, p. 233.

1914. Neptunea enterogramma Gabb. Deussen, U. S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 335, p. 58.

1920. Neptunea, enterogramma Gabb. Dumble, Texas Univ. 

Bull. 1869, p. 94.

1920. Chrysodomus enterogramma Gabb. Dumble, Texas Univ. 

BuU. 1869, pp. 96, 97, 99.

1931. Neptunea enterogramma Gabb. Renick and Stenzel, Texas 

Univ. BuU. 3101, p. 102.

1933. Neptunea enterogramma Gabb. Plummer, Texas Univ. Bull. 

3232, p. 663.

1937. Sycostoma enterogramma (Gabb). Palmer, Bull. Am. 

Paleontology, vol. 7, p. 323 (ex parte), pi. 46, figs. 2?, 

5, 8.

Fusiform, smooth; whorls six, those of the spire rounded or 

obscurely angulated above the middle; suture deep; outer lip 

striate internally.

Dimensions: Length 0.9 inch, width of body whorl 0.5 inch, 

length of aperture 0.6 inch.

Locality: Wheelock, Tex. Smithsonian collection.

The striae on the inner side of the outer lip of the only specimen 

I have seen consist of four prominent lines above the middle and 

a few obsolete ones below. There are traces of a few impressed 

lines on the beak.—Gabb, 1860.

Gabb reports that the type specimen is in the Smithsonian collections, but I have been unable to find it 

either in the National Museum or with the rest of 

Gabb's Texas material in the Academy of Natural 

Sciences of Philadelphia. Gabb apparently described an 

immature specimen, but the species is well characterized and easily identified. Bolis enterogramma is the 

smallest of the species and the broadest relatively. 

It differs further from B. lisboa in the more sharply 

truncate anterior canal, more rounded whorls, less 

deeply impressed sutures, and in the striations on the 

inner surface of the lip, which may, however, have 

been present in the very young stages of the Alabama 

form.

The protoconch of enterogramma is paucispiral. That 

of a topotype includes two whorls, the initial turn 

somewhat flattened and immersed at the tip, the succeeding and final volution laterally compressed and 

relatively high.

Distribution: Weches greensand member of the 

Mount Selman formation, U. S. G. S. station 11104, 

west side of the Sabine River, 10 to 20 feet below the 

typical Cook Mountain formation, Sabine County, 

Tex.; U. S. G. S. station 11105, about 10 feet below 

the typical Cook Mountain formation, 2% miles south 

of Low's Creek, Sabine River, on north side of John

Moore survey, half a mile east of intersection of survey 

line and Sabine River, Sabine County, Tex.

Cook Mountain formation, U. S. G. S. stations 5473, 

10343, Moseleys Ferry, Burleson County, Tex.

Bolis mexicana Gardner, n. sp.

Plate 8, figures 5, 7

Shell of moderate dimensions for the genus, thick, 

biconic, the greatest diameter falling a little behind 

the median horizontal. Apex, including the entire 

protoconch, lost in all available material. Whorls of 

remaining conch numbering about six, broadly arcuate 

and rapidly enlarging after the manner of the buccinoids, 

the posterior margin rolled in at the deeply impressed 

suture. Outer surface smooth except for the incrementals and exceedingly fault and irregular spiral striae. 

Aperture rather narrow, obliquely lenticular, its characters very imperfectly preserved. Curvature of inner 

wall of aperture broad and smooth. Callus on inner 

wall unusually heavy. Anterior canal short, broad, anc1 

straight, the extremity broken in all of the specimens. 

Dimensions of imperfect holotype: Height, 72.5 millimeters; diameter, 37.0 millimeters.

Holotype: U. S. Nat. Mus. 495054.

Type locality: U. S. G. S. station 13790, 1% milee 

southwest of Mier on main road from Mier to General 

Trevino, Tamaulipas, Mexico. Upper part of the Cook 

Mountain formation.

The species has been recognized also on the Texae 

side of the Rio Grande, hi Zapata County, Tex.

Bolis mexicana is intermediate in size between B. 

lisboa, the Alabama species, and B. enterogramma, 

from eastern and central Texas. In relative dimensions 

mexicana more closely resembles the genotype, but the 

spire is lower and does not include so many whorls. 

The channeling of the sutures is similar in lisboa and 

mexicana, and the characters of the aperture are apparently similar hi the three species.

Bolis mexicana has been recovered only from the 

upper part of the Cook Mountain hi southern Zapatr, 

County and from Tamaulipas hi the general vicinity 

of Mier.

Distribution: Cook Mountain formation, U. S. G. S. 

station 13170, Arroyo Velefio, 1 mile above highway 

bridge, Zapata County, Tex.; U. S. G. S. station 13790, 

7% miles southwest of Mier on Cerralvo road, Tamaulipas, Mexico; U. S. G. S. station 13980, on telegraph 

line Mier-Cerralvo, Tamaulipas, Mexico; and U. S. G. S. 

station 13986, on north boundary of lot 6, due east from 

northwest corner, Tamaulipas, Mexico.

PLATES 6-8

39
PLATE 6

FIGURES 1-3. Tubulostium horatianum Gardner, n. sp. (p. 19).

1. Attached surface of holotype (U. S. N. M. 483777), X 5.

2. Medial portion of attached surface of holotype, X 10.

3. Free surface of holotype, X 5. 

FIGURES 4-6. Tubulostium leptostoma (Gabb) (p. 19).

4. Free surface of specimen (U. S. N. M. 483778), X 5.

5. Attached surface of specimen (U. S. N. M. 483779), X 5.

6. Attached surface of specimen (U. S. N. M. 497153), X 10.

FIGURE 7. Tubulostium horatianum Gardner, n. sp. (p. 19). Apertural view of holotype (U. S. N. M. 483777), X 5. 

FIGURES 8-10. Tubulostium leptostoma (Gabb) (p. 19).

8. Attached surface of specimen shown in figure 4, X 5.

9. Apertural view of specimen shown in figure 4, X 5.

10. Free surface of specimen shown in figure 5, X 5. 

FIGURES 11-13. Tubulostium mcglameryae Gardner, n. sp. (p. 18).

11. Cross section of paratype (U. S. N. M. 496015), X 5.

12. Attached surface of holotype (U. S. N. M. 496015), X 5.

13. Apertural view of holotype, X 5. 

FIGURES 14, 15. Tubulostium leptostoma (Gabb) (p. 19).

14. Apertural view of specimen shown in figure 5, X 5.

15. Apertural view of specimen (U. S. N. M. 497154), X 5. 

FIGURES 16-19. Tubulostium cortesi Gardner, n. sp. (p. 20).

16. Attached surface of paratype (U. S. N. M. 497157), X 5.

17. Free surface of holotype (U. S. N. M. 497155), X 5.

18. Free surface of paratype (U. S. N. M. 497158), X 5. Note variation in surface contour.

19. Attached surface of paratype (U. S. N. M. 497156), X 5. Figured to show traces of unprotected inner tube.

40
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 193 PLATE 6

V

ANNELIDS FROM THE EOCENE OF THE GLLF PROVINCE.
GEOLOGICAL, SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 193 PLATE 7

21 -a^^p- 22 -^»jr 23

GASTROPODS FROM THE EOCENE OF THE GULF PROVINCE.

24
PLATE 7

FIGUKES 1, 2. Galeodea (Mambrinia) planotecta (Meyer and Aldrich) (p. 24).

1. Rear view of specimen (U. S. N. M. 497066) from Carlos Cantii, Nuevo Leon, Mexico, X 2.

2. Apical view of specimen shown in figure 1. X 2.

FIGUKES 3-5. Galeodea (Mambrinia) sp. (p. 24). Two imperfect specimens (U. S. N. M. 494973) from locality 4 kilometers north 

of station Herreras, Herreras, Nuevo Leon, Mexico.

3. Rear view of larger specimen, X 1.

4. Rear view of smaller specimen, X 1-

5. Apertural view of smaller specimen, X 1. 

FIGUEE 6. Priscoficus (Fulguroficus) tritiara Gardner, n. sp. (p. 32). Rear view of holotype (U. S. N. M. 495180), from the Rio San

Juan near the Rancho Viejo, below China, Nuevo Leon, Mexico, X lKFIGUKES 7, 8. Perissolax diga Gardner, n. sp. (p. 34). Holotype (U. S. N. M. 495179) from the Rio San Juan near the Rancho

Viejo, Nuevo Leon, Mexico.

7. Rear view of holotype enlarged to show sculpture detail, X 4.

8. Apertural view of holotype. X 2. 

FIGUEE 9. Sconsia zacatensis Gardner, n. sp. (p. 27). Rear view of holotype (U. S. N. M. 497067) from locality near Rancho La

Capa, Zacate, Nuevo Leon, Mexico. Height, 22.7 millimeters; greatest diameter, 14.0 millimeters. X !/£• 

FIGUEE 10. Galeodea (Mambrinia) planotecta (Meyer and Aldrich) (p. 24). Rear view of topotype (?) (U. S. N. M. 494958) from Indian

Mound, 3 miles east of Newton, Miss. Height, 43.5 millimeters; greatest diameter, 25.0 millimeters. (Shell broken

at anterior canal and repaired.) 

FIGURES 11, 12. Galeodea (Mambrinia) enodis (Deshayes) (p. 25). Specimen (British Museum 56039) from the upper Bracklesham

beds, southern England.

11. Early whorls enlarged. (After Wrigley.)

12. Rear view. (After Wrigley.) 

FIGUEE 13. Priscoficus (Fulguroficus) "tricostata (Deshayes)" (p. 30). Side view of a specimen from Guise, France. Height, 34.0

millimeters; diameter at right angles to greatest diameter, 15.0 millimeters. Slightly reduced. (After Cossmann and

Pissarro.)

FIGUEE 14. Galeodea (Mambrinia) enodis (Deshayes) (p. 25). Apertural view of specimen shown in figure 12. (After Wrigley.) 

FIGUEE 15. Galeodea (Mambrinia) planotecta (Meyer and Aldrich) (p. 24). Apertural view of topotype (?) shown in figure 10. 

FIGUEE 16. Priscoficus (Fulguroficus) "tricostata (Deshayes)" (p. 30). Apertural view of specimen shown in figure 13, slightly reduced.

(After Cossmann and Pissarro.) 

FIGUEE 17. Priscoficus (Fulguroficus) juvenis (Whitfield) (p. 31). Apertural view of cotype (Walker Museum, University of Chicago,

no. 24503). Height, 15.3 milllimeters; greatest diameter, 8.0 millimeters. X 1% 

FIGUEE 18. Ficus papyratia (Say) (p. 34). Rear view of specimen (U. S. N. M. 325427) from the Pliocene of the Caloosahatchee

River, Florida. Height, 87.0 millimeters; greatest diameter, 43.0 millimeters. 

FIGUEE 19. Priscoficus triserialis (Whitfield) (p. 29). Rear view of holotype (Walker Museum, University of Chicago, no. 24515).

Height, 20.0 millimeters; greatest diameter, 12.5 millimeters. X 1%. 

FIGUEE 20. Priscoficus smithii (J. de C. Sowerby) (p. 28). Rear view of specimen (British Museum, Geology 41, Morris collection)

from the London clay of Portsmouth Docks, southern England. Reduced. (After Wrigley.) 

FIGUEE 21. Ficus amichel Gardner, n. sp. (p. 34). Rear view of holotype (U. S. N. M. 496032) from Doctor Coss, Zacate, Nuevo

Leon, Mexico. Height, 25.0 ± millimeters; greatest diameter, 15.0 ± millimeters. X !/£. 

FIGUEE 22. Ficus mississippiensis Conrad (p. 35). Apertural view of specimen (U. S. N. M. 495003) from locality near Rancho

Gigante, Escondido, Tamaulipas, Mexico. X 2.

FIGUEE 23. Ficus amichel Gardner, n. sp. (p. 34). Apertural view of holotype shown in figure 21. X l/£. 

FIGUEE 24. Ficus papyratia (Say) (p. 34). Apertural view of specimen shown in figure 18.

41
PLATE 8

FIGURE 1. Galeodea (Gomphopages) turneri Gardner, n. sp. (p. 25). Apertural view of holotype (U. S. N. M. 495184) from locality 

3 miles above the old Burleson Ferry, Bastrop County, Tex. Height, 43.0 millimeters; greatest diameter, 38.0 millimeters.

FIGURES 2, 3. Galeodea (Gomphopages?) millsapsi Sullivan and Gardner, n. sp. (p. 26).

2. Apertural view of holotype (U. S. N. M. 496019) from Town Creek, Jackson, Miss. Height, ± 60.0 millimeters; greatest 

diameter, 49.0 millimeters.

3. Rear view of same.

FIGURE 4. Galeodea (Gomphopages) turneri Gardner, n. sp. (p. 25). Rear view of holotype shown in figure 1. 

FIGURE 5. Bolts mexicana Gardner, n. sp. (p. 37). Rear view of imperfect holotype (U. S. N. M. 495054) from locality 1% miles

southwest of Mier on the road to General Trevino, Tamaulipas, Mexico. Height, 72.5 millimeters; greatest diameter,

37.0 millimeters.

FIGURE 6. Galeodea (Gomphopages?) millsapsi Sullivan and Gardner, n. sp. (p. 26). Apical view of holotype shown in figure 2. 

FIGURE 7. Bolis mexicana Gardner, n. sp. (p. 37). Apertural view of holotype shown in figure 5. 

FIGURE 8. Bolis lisboa Gardner, n. sp. (p. 36). Apertural view of holotype (U. S. N. M. 494980) from Lisbon Bluff, Alabama River,

6 miles above Claiborne, Ala. Height, 112.0 millimeters; greatest diameter, 62.0 millimeters. 

FIGURE 9. Bolis lisboa Gardner, n. sp. (p. 36). Apertural view of imperfect paratype (U. S. N. M. 494981) from Lisbon Bluff,

Alabama River, 6 miles above Claiborne, Ala. Greatest diameter, 33.0 millimeters. 

FIGURE 10. Bolis enterogramma (Gabb) (p. 36). Apertural view of specimen (U. S. N. M. 495020) from the Sabine River 2% miles

south of Lows Creek, Sabine County, Tex. Height, 40.0 millimeters; greatest diameter, 22.5 millimeters. 

FIGURES 11, 12. Bolis lisboa Gardner, n. sp. (p. 36).

11. Rear view of paratype shown in figure 9.

12. Rear view of holotype shown in figure 8.

42
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPEE 193 PLATE 8

GASTROPODS FROM THE EOCENE OF THE GULF PROVINCE.

INDEX

A Page 

Abstract____..___________________________________ 17

Acknowledgments for aid_____ _________________________ 17,18 

Acteonella___________.__________________________ 21 

alabamensis, Sconsia_________________________________ 21 

amichel, Ficus.____________________________________ 34-35, pi. 7

angulosus, Vermetus (Tubulostium)________________________ 18 

antiquus, Fusus______ _____ _______________________ 36 

arguta, Fulguroflcus_______________________________ 30 

argutus, Fulgur..___________________________________ 28

B

blakei, Busycon____________________________________ 33 

bognoriensis, Vermicularia______________________________ 18 

Bolis.————————————————————————————————— 36-37, pi. 8

enterogramma—___________________ ___________ 36-37, pi. 8 

lisboa..——.———.-.—...-.-................................. 36,37, pi. 8

raexicana______________._____________________ 36,37, pi. 8 

brevidentata, Cassidaria_________ ___________ ______ ___ 21,24

Buccinidae.______________________________________ 36-37 

Buccinum echinophora_______________________________ 21 

Bullaflcus._____________________________._________ 34 

burdigalensis, Fulguroficus...__________________________ 30 

Pyrula_—————————————————————————————— 30

Pyrula (Fulguroflcus) ______________________________ 30 

Burtinella________________________________________ 17,18 

Busycon blakei.________________________________ ___ 33

C

callosum, Tubulostium________________________________ 17,18 

Carter, C. W., acknowledgment to_________________________ 18 

Cassidaria_____.__________________________________ 21 

brevidentata____________________________________ 21,24 

var.__——_______________________________ 23 

cretacea.-.._._________________________________ 21 

dubia________________________________________ 21 

enodis___.„._______________________________ 21 

planotecta_____________________________________ 21,23,24 

striata____..__________________________________ 27 

Cassididae-_______________________________________ 21-28 

Cassis_____________________________________

coronadoi. 

hodgii._ 

lintea__ 

nuperus..

——— — — -__—.-.....————-.....-.-.-.-— 22,26,27

...—.- — .——...................--.............—- 22

———_„——__.-___——————————————— 27

———————— — —— ————————————————— 27

— — ——————————————————————————— 27

postalensis_____________________________________ 21

(Semicassis) shubutensis_____________________________ 22

caudata, Urosyca___________________ ________________ 30

Chrysodoma______________________________________ 36

Chrysodomus enterogramma..__________________________. 37

clarendonensis, Galeodea gallica.._________________________ 21

Clavella enterogramma________________________________ 37

communis, Ficus. _____ ___________ _________________ 34

complanata, Eotularia (Eotularia)_________________________— 18

contrarius, Trochus__________________________________. 17

Cornulina_________________________________________ 34

coronadoi, Cassis____________________________________ 22 

cortezi, Tubulostium________________________________ 20, pi. 6

cretacea, Cassidaria__________________________________. 21

diga, Perissolax_________________________________ 33,34, pi. 7 

discoideum, Tubulostium.._________________________—— 17,18 

Doliopsis.____————..——_-. ——-——.———.___.—... 21

tricarinatum..

dubia, Cassidaria.

echinophora, Buccinum._

Galeodea-..--—.._-..

echinophorella, Galeodea.

enodis, Cassidaria-_______

—————__-.-_-...————— 21

—————————_...___.——..__..—_ 21

————————— —————————— ——— 22

______________________________ 21 

Galeodea-____________________________________ 25, pi. 7 

enterogramma, Bolis______________________________ 36-37, pi. 8 

Chrysodomus.______________________________——— 37 

Clavella....—.........—.-——.......—„————..———— 37

Neptunea.——______________________________________—_——_._- 36,37

Sycostoma_________________________________————— 36,37 

eocense, Fulgur._________ _—________——_———————— 33 

eocensis, Perissolax.____________________________—————— 34

F Paere 

Ficidae—— _____________..............._..————__._.——.......— 28-35

Ficopsis.________________________________________ " 28

juvenis.._________________________________._ 31

remondii_____________________._______________ 30

Ficula juvenis_____________________________________ 31

Ficus________________________________________ 34-35, pi. 7

amichel.____________________________________ 34-35, pi. 7

communis_____________________________________ 34

filia-.————______________ .........____——————..._._._—_____._ 35

intermedia_____________________________________ 28 

juvenis____________________________________ 31 

mississippiensis..___________________________..___ 35, pi. 7 

papyratia__________________________________ 34,35, pi. 7 

picta________________________________________ 34 

variegata._____________________________________ 34 

sp._..._.........._.........._..._..........._.........._.._._._..._ 35

34

——_ ———_.——_————————————————— 34

35

———————————————————————___ 36

argutus-______________________________________ 28

eocense_______________________________________ 33

triserialis______________________________________ 28,29

Fulguroflcus______________________________________ 28,30-33

————————————————_———_———————_ 30

flcus, Bulla

Murex... 

filia, Ficus— 

Fulgur______

arguta________

burdigalensis. 

juvenis_______

multiformis— 

tricostata_____

triserialis.____

Fusoflcula________

juvenis.......

Fusus antiquus_ 

remondii...__ 

sp._...—__„

30

30

30

30

29

28

31

36

28

33

G

Galeodaria ..... _______——————————_————————_———._.- 21,23

petersoni____________________________——————_— 21

Galeodea—_______.___————_„___—_-—.„_.—_... 21-27,28, pis. 7,8

echinophora________—______—————__———————————— 21 

echinophorella___________________._____———————.— 22 

gallica________________ ....._.._..._........,_......___.._._.___._._____ 21

gallica clarendonensis. 

geminata.___._._ 

koureos.______________

_—_————-——_.——.__.___ 21

___..____....._........._._-._____ 27

——————_______.._————___ 21

leucodoma_________________———__——————————— 22 

shubutensis_______________________———————— 22-23 

susannae——_____———____———————————————————— 21,27

sutterensis.. 

tricarinata.. 

sp..—.....

........_._.___......____..._____-..___..__._ 21

—————__—————————-——————_—————_ 23

...____..__...___—————___——._._——____ 23

(Galeodaria) petersoni..—..__.____..—_____———————... 22,23,27

(Gomphopages) millsapsi__________________———— 17,26-27, pi. 8 

turneri——_———___.__——._—————— 25-26,27, pi. 8

(Mambrinia) enodis______________——_——_———————— 25, pi. 7 

koureos_______—.____—_-——____„._——.„„_..—— 23-24

planotecta.________——_.._.—--_—__——_._._— 24-25, pi. 7 

sp___________——_______—————.—————————————— 24, pi. 7 

Galeodes_______________________—___——————————— 21 

gallica, Galeodea—————————————————————————————————— 21 

geminata, Galeodea_____—___.-————————————————————— 27 

Geological Society of America, Penrose Bequest of, grant from————————— 17 

Gomphopages-____———————————————————————————— 25-27, pi. 8

H

Hamulus—__———————————————————————————————————— 20 

hodgii, Cassis_____———————————————————————————————— 27 

horatianum, Tubulostium———.—————————————————————— 18, IS, pi. 6

intermedia, Ficus..—————————————————————————————————— 28

Priscoflcus___—————————————————————————————————— 28

Pyrula________—._„___.————.—-——-—-———- 28

43
44 INDEX

j ' Page

Juvenis, Ficopsis____________________________________ 31 

Ficula_______________________________._____ 31 

Ficus. _____________________________________ 31 

Fulgu roficus—- ..._._______________________________ 30 

Pusoficula_______________________________________ 31 

Priscoficus (Fulguroficus)_________________________ 31-32, pi. 7 

Pyrula—_ __-_———_——————————————— 28-29,30,31,32

K

koureos, Galeodea___________________________________ 21 

Galeodea (Mambrinia)______________________________ 23-24

leptostoma, Spirorbis_________________________________ 17,18,19

Spirorbis (Tubulostium)--.___________________________ 19

Tubulostium_________________________________ 19-20, pi. 6

leucodoma, Galeodea_______________________________ 22

Levif usus trabeatus-________________________________ 24

lintea, Cassis______________________________________ 27

Sconsia_____________________________________ 28

lisboa, Bolis_____________________________________ 36,37, pi. 8

lisbonensis, Ostrea___________________________________ 20,36

M

mcglameryae, Tubulostium__ _____________________ 18-19, 20, pi. 6 

Mambrinia_____________________________________ 21,23-25, 27 

Melongena_______________________________________ 36 

mexicana, Bolis_________________________________ 36,37, pi. 8 

millsapsi, Galeodea (Gomphopages)_________________ 17, 26-27, pi. 8 

mississippiensis, Ficus____________________________.. 35, pi. 7 

Pyrula.-______________________________________ 35 

Moerchia.________________________________________ 17,18

Morio (Sconsia) tuberculatus. 

multangulata, Pyrula-___ -- 

multiformis, Fulguroficus—-- 

Murex ficus_ ________ 

sraithii..___..........

N

Neptunea_____________________________________ 36 

enterogramraa________________________________ __ 36,37 

nodus, Vermicularia._________________________________ 17 

nuperus,Cassis __________________________________.. .. 27 

nystii.Solarium.-------_—_____________________________ 17, 18

O

obtusa, Perissolax—————______________________________ 33 

Oniscia_________________________________________ 21 

Ostrea lisbonensis-___________________________________ 20,36

P

papyratia, Ficus__________________________________ 34,35, pi. 7 

penita, Pyrula____________________________________ 34 

Penrose Bequest of Geological Society of America, grant from ..._______ 17 

Perissolax_________________________________^___ 33-34, pi. 7 

diga—————,-—.——.._.._____.........__....._. 33,34, pi. 7

eocensis_______________________________________ 34

obtusa,-_______.________________________________ 33

tEivolvus_______________________________________ 33

petersoni, Galeodaria..._______________________________ 21

Galeodea (Galeodaria)____________________________ 22,23,27

picta, Ficus.-—__________________________________ 34

Pirula___________________________________________ 28,34

planicosta, Venericardia._______..______________________ 36

planotecta, Cassidaria________________________________ 21,23, 24

Galeodea (Mambrinia) ____'.____________________ 24-25, pi. 7

postalensis, Cassis___________________________________ 21

Priscoficus_____________________________________ 28-33, pi. 7

intermedia_____________________________________ 28

smithii_____________________________________ 28, 29, pi. 7

triserialis_______________________________.__ 29-30, pi. 7

(Fulguroficus)____________________________________ 33

juvenis_________________________________ 31-32, pi. 7

tricostata_________________________________ 29,30, pi. 7

tritiara_______________'. ___________________ 32, pi. 7

(Priscoficus)____________________________________ 29

Pseudoperissolax____________________________________ 33

Pyrula.—.——————————_......__........__.——_.-........... 28,34

burdigalensis___________________________________ 30 

intermedia.____________________________________ 28 

juvenis—_________..__-_—.—.....-........_-__ 28-29,30,31,32

mississippiensis-——_._____..____________.________ 35 

multangulata___________________________________ 31 

penita______________________________________.. 34 

smithii__ -__________________________________ 28, 29, pi. 7 

tricostata__________._____________________ 28, 30, 32, pi. 7

Pyrula tritiara_..———————. 

(Fulguroficus) burdigalensis.

Page 

32 

30

.——————-.——..————......———... 33

.__.........___.__'............................ 30

——————————.-——.—...—.—. 28

Rotularia (Rotularia) complanata.- ————— —————————————————— 18

rugosum, Tubulostium___———————————————————————————— 17

Eanularia..___

remondii, Ficopsis.

Fusus...._.___

Sconsia—-________——- -_—-__-_———-———.. 27-28, pi. 7 

alabamensis-...——————————————————————————————— 21 

lintea_———_-_-_———..„_————.__——....—— 28

zacatensis__________________________________ 27-28, pi. 7 

Semicassis_____-._—_.-——————————————.—————————————— 27 

Serpula_________________________„.————————————— 18

spirulaea_______________________________——._. 17,18

turbinata______________________________________ 17,18 

shubutensis, Cassis (Semicassis)_________________.__.....—..— 22

Galeodea.-__-_.'...—...—..—————..__._......__._ 22-23

smithii, Murex________________..—--_——————————————— 28

Priscoficus-_____________________________________ 28,29

Pyrula.--——__——————_-____———......__ 28, 29, pi. 7

Solarium nystii__________________..——————————-————— 17,18 

sowerbii, Vermicularia___.__-__—————-—————————————— 17 

Spirorbis leptostoma__________________________——-—— 17,18,19

(Tubulostium) leptostorna..____________...—_——————————— 19 

spirulaea, Serpula_ ______________——————————————————— 17,18 

striata, Cassidaria____—-—————-—————————————————————— 27 

Strombus..._____________._._-_._——————————————————— 26 

Sullivan, J. M., acknowledgment to____________——————————— 17 

susannae, Galeodea_____.______._._.-—————————————————— 21,27 

sutterensis, Galeodea--—-—————————————————————————————— 21 

Sycostoma—___________--__——————————————————————— 36

enterogramma_______________._——-—————————————— 36,37 

Sycum______________-_.—————————————————————————— 36

T

tobar, Tubulostium—_____________..—————————————————— 19 

trabeatus, Levifusus______-.-.————————————————————————— 24 

tricarinata, Galeodea--_____.___-__._——————————————————— 23 

tricarinatum, Doliopsis___________-_-------—————————————— 21

tricostata, Fulguroficus_________________._-_———————————— 30 

Priscoficus (Fulguroficus)_______________..———————————— 29 

Pyrula___._.___————————__.._._——_ 28, 30, 32, pi. 7

triserialis, Fulgur_____________________..————————————— 28,29 

Fulguroficus_______________________________ 29

Priscoficus-__.___......———..___-_._——____—— 29-30, pi. 7

tritiara, Priscoficus (Fulguroficus) _______________.——————— 32, pi. 7 

Pyrula-.———————————————————————— 32

Triton (Ranularia).______________________--————————— S3 

trivolvus, Perissolax______________________-_———————— 33 

Trochus contrarius_________________........———————————— 17

tuberculatus, Morio (Sconsia)--_-_.-——————————————————————— 21 

Tubulostium______... ... .....——... _____-_——____-__ 17-20, pi. 6

callosum.______________________________________ 17,18 

cortezi__.__-____-_....__.—_...______——_..__— 20, pi. 6

discoideum_____________________—————————————— 17,18 

horatianum.-___________________________————— 18,19, pi. 6 

leptostoma—-—_——————___——————____———- 19-20, pi. 6

mcglameryae__________—____—___—__—___-- 18-19, 20, pi. 6

rugosum_____________._--——————————————————————— 17

tobar________________________________________ 19

tumidus, Vermetus_______________——————————————————— 17

turbinata, Serpula__________________________...——————- 17,18

turneri, Galeodea (Gomphopages)_____________————— 25-26,27, pi. 8

U 

TJrosyca..—————————————————————————— 28,30

caudata...________________________________- 30

V

variegata, Ficus.._____._-_-_—————————————————————————— 34

Venericardia planicosta-________-_————————————————————— 36

Vermetus tumidus______________._——————————————————— 17

(Tubulostium) angulosus_____*______„___—.———————————— 18

Vermicularia.-__________________-——_———————————— 18

bognoriensis______________________-_.-————————— 18

nodus_.___________________________.-————————— 17

sowerbii_—_.___..—...——————————————————————————— 17

W

Withers, T. H., acknowledgment to. 17

zacatensis, Sconsia...______._———————————————————— 27-28, pi. 7

O